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THE 

ANNUAL   REGISTER, 

OR  A  VIEW  OF  THE 

HISTORY, 
POLITICS, 

AND 

LITERATURE, 

OF   THE   YEAR 

1823. 


LONDON: 
PRINTED  FOR  BALDWIN/  CRADOCK,  AND  JOY; 

OimiDOB  AVX>  RACKHAM;  J.  CUTHELL;  LONOMAK,  I1UR8T,  USES,  ORME, 
A9D  CO.;  E-  JEFFERT  AND  SON  {  HARDIKO,  TRIPHOOK  AND  LEPHARD ; 
Sn£KWOOI>,  JONES,  AND  CO;  HAMILTON.  ADAMS,  AND  C0.»  0.  AND  W.  B. 
WHlTTAKBIt;  HURST,  ROBINSON,  AND  CO.;  W.  REYNOLDS;  AMD  SIMPKIN 
AND    MAKSUALL. 


1824. 

y  Google 


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a.^^"*^  ^^ 


D 


T.  C.  HANSARD,  PaternofterRow-Praes. 


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PREFACE. 


I.N  diis,  ad  in  the  preceding  year,  the  siibjects,  which  most  forcibly 
attract  attention,  are  the  aSkirs  of  the  Spanish  peninsula,  and  of 
fhose  regions  of  South  America  formerly  connected  with  that  part 
df  Europe  by  the  ties  of  colonial  dependency.  In  Spain  every 
lk)pe  has  been  crushed;  and  the  worst  anticipations,  which  the 
events  of  18SS  in^ired,  have  been  more  than  realized.  If  any 
tiling  were  necessary  to  shew  beyond  the  possibility  of  doubt  the 
wiretchedilesB  of  the  system  by  which,  and  the  want  of  principle 
and  capacity  in  the  men  by  whom,  the  Spanish  revohition  was  con- 
ducted, surdy  this  lamentable  catastrophe  would  furnish  the  proof! 
To  view  the  measures  of  the  ConstitutionalistH  with  contempt  and 
dislike,  is  not  to  be  lukewarm  in  the  cause  of  liberty;  unless,  for- 
sooth, the  love  of  liberty  is  admiration  of  ignorance,  rashness,  and 
eowardice.  Deeming,  as  we  did,  the  destruction  of  Ferdinand's 
tyranny  a  blessing  to  the  world,  and  anxious  that  a  great  people, 
oocupjring  a  most  important  place  in  the  political  scale  of  Europe, 
diould  enjoy  such  a  form  of  government  as  might  give  them  both 
tranquillity  and  strength — it  waa  for  these  very  reasons,  that,  in 
our  former  volumes,  we  marked  with  reprobation  the  proceedings  of 
the  Revolutionists,  because,  during  the  period  of  their  reign,  their 
oonduot  was  the  reverse  of  that  which  it  ought  to  have  been,  in 
order  to  build  up  a  system  of  stable  and  tranquil  ^vemment. 
The  fhiits  of  the  tree  have  now  been  tasted ;  and  bitter  they  surely 
ate.     Well  may  unbounded  opprobrium  be  thrown  on  France  for 

A  S 

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ir  FHEFACB. 

the  treadieroiiA  and  unprincipled  part  lAAA  ihe  has  aeted :  a&A 
irell  may  the  Spimish  people  htush  at  the  meanness  with  whieh 
they  have  tarnished  their  character  by  crouching  under  the  invasifin 
of  a  finreign  enemy^'  and,  at*  his  bidding,  phttitig  their  neck  into  a 
yoke  yrhkki  they  had  once  thrown  off;  but  at  the  same  time  let  it 
not  be  fi)rgotten,  that  the  treachery  of  France  would  have  been 
unavailmg,  if  the  party,  which,  for  three  years,  had  ilie  nitiM  ci 
govemtiient  In  their  hands,  had  acted  either  widi  eommOB  homitf 
or  widi  common  sense. 

The  in^orious  triumph  of  the  Frendi  beyond  the  Pyroieefl^ 
though  productive  of  present  mischief  and  pr^nant  with  the  seada  iif 
niuch  future  disorder,  has  not,  however,  been  entirely  without  its 
benefits  to  the  world.  It  has  made  the  separation  between  Spain 
and  her  late  colonies  still  more  complete ;  and  the  fears  of  European 
aggression,  with  which  it  has  inspired  them,'  have  diedced  a  spirit  of 
disunion  which  might  have  weakened  the  infimt  states  of  Sotith 
America.  A  still  more  important  consequence  of  the  Froich  suc- 
cess is,  thai  England  has  been  compelled  to  avow  explicitly  the 
course  of  policy  which  she  means  to  pursue  towards  the  Trans- 
atlantic powers ;  and  that  policy  is  one  which  is  little  palatdde  te 
the  Holy  Alliance.  From  the  prmclples  of  that  alliance  indeed, 
England  has  now,  openly  and  in  the  eyes  of  the  whole  world,, 
seceded.  The  monarchs  of  the  continent  may  continue  to  announce^ 
in  their  circulars  their  mystical  axioms  of  oppression ;  but  the  na- 
tions ace  now  aware,  that  England  will  neither  co-operate  in  the 
plans  of  those  sovereigns,  nor  sanction  their  doctrines.  Thifr  is  a 
great  gain  to  the  cause  of  good  government,,  both  In  respect  of 
direct  poliiical  strength,  and  still  more  in  respect  ofmfluence'crver 
the  puhlie  opinion  of  Europe. 

The  situation  of  Epgland,  in  the  late  intricate  state  of  Spanish 
affairs,  was  one  pf  no  ordinary  delicacy ;  and  in  it  our  ministers 
liave  acted  with  a  prudence  and  foresight  which  have  met  with 
universal  iq>plause  at  home^  except  from  that  small  party  of  generous 


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PREFACE.  V 

Mthttiiitit  or  dreamiiig  theorists,  who  imagiBe  that  we  are  bound 
to  phiagei  at  any  tuna,  into  war^  in  order  to  destroy  monardiical 
oppression.  To  the  prudence  of  our  ministers  in  their  finre^ 
pefiey*  most  be  added  the  adoption  of  a  Kberal  system  of  intonal 
legisUlion»  such  as  never  marked  any  fiirmer  period  of  our  history^ 
A  government  can  do  little  or  nothing  directly  to  multiply  the 
mafffjalsof  hiqypiness  amoi^  a  peq^ :  its  business  is,  to  secure  to 
evety  man*  with  as  few  restiabts  as  the  situation  of  human  aflbirs 
may  permit,  quiet,  tranquillity,  and  protection,  while  he  finds  the 
means  of  oomfiirt  and  enjoyment  fiir  himself  and  his  fiunily,  m  the 
frea  prosecution  of  eveiy  path  of  active  exertion  or  industry  yhioh 
eircnmstances  may  recommend  to  him.  This  our  present  adminis- 
iiBtion  have  shown  themselves  most  anxious  to  do ;  and  they  are 
receiving  the  reward  of  their  fiuthfiil  discharge  of  the  high  duties 
of  rulers,  by  a  degree  of  public  approbation  and  confidence,  whic)i 
has  seldom  been  accorded  to  any  fi)nner  government. 


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CONTENTS. 


HISTORY   OF   EUROPE. 


CHAPTER  I. 


l^I»TBXNAt  prosperity  of  the  Country — Complaints  of  the  Agricnltnrists — 
Coatity  Ble^ngs — Petition  of  the  County  of  NoffWk — Increased  Popu- 
larity of  the  Ministry — Official  changes — Meeting  of  Parliament — Speech 
from  the  Throne — Address  moved  m  the  House  of  Lords :  Amendment 
proposed  hy  Lord  Stanhope :  the  course  of  Ohservation  followed  hy  Lord 
Lansdown  and  Lord  Liverpool — ^Address  moved  in  the  House  of  Commdnt  s 
Mr.  Broagham's  dissection  of  the  Diplomatic  Notes  of  the  Allied  Sove- 
reigns,  and  his  mvective  against  them  and  their  policy  t  Mr.  Peel's 
RemailES — Effect  of  the  disposilion  and  temper  exhibited  by  P«liam«iit. 

CHAPTER  n. 

Temporary  suspension  of  Discussions  in  Parliament  on  the  Negotiatioiit  rela- 
tive to  Spain — Questions  put  to  the  Ministers  by  Lord  Lansdown  and  Mr. 
BnMtf^iam— Removal  of  the  Prohibition  of  the  Expoitation  of  Aims  to 
Spain— Papers  relating  to  tiie  Negotiations  oft  the  Spaaish  Qaestion,  laid 
before  Parliament — ^BlUnisterial  exposition  of  the  course  of  Policy  which 
the  EngUsh  Cabinet  had  followed :  the  Arst  mention  of  diplomatic  discus- 
sion relative  to  Spain :  Proceedings  at  Verona :  Negotiations  at  Paris :  our 
commuiiicatSona  witiiy  and  advice  to,  the  Spanirii  Oovemment :  our  Pro^ 
ceedtnn  subsequtnt  to  the  publication  of  the  Speech  of  the  Kiog  of  France 
at  the  Opening  of  the  Session  of  the  Chambers :  histificatioa  of  a  Pacific 
Poli^—Motion  for  the  Repeal  of  the  Foreign  Enlistment  Bill — ^Debate  in 
the  House  of  Lovds  on  the  Negotiations  r^ative  to  Spain :  an  Address, 

•  disapproving  of  the  CcAiduct  of  Ministers,  moved  by  Lord  Ellenborough  : 
groiuids  on  which  it  was  supported :  amendment  moved  by  Lord  Oranvilte : 
aiguaients  against  the  Address— Debate  in  the  House  of  Commons,  during 
three  nights,  on  die  Spanish  Negotiations :  the  Address  moved  by  Mr. 
Macdonald,  and  an  Amendment  to  it  by  Mr.  S.  Wortley :  Speech  of  Mr. 
Wilberforce ;  Speeches  of  the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  Sir  James 
Mackintosh,  Mr.  Peel,  and  Sir  Francis  Burdett :  Mr.  Canning's  Speech  ; 
excellence  of  tfiis  Speech  :  Mr.  Brougham's  feeble  Reply :  manoeuvre  of  the 
Opposition  to  avoid  a  Division  of  the  House :  result  of  the  Division — Sub- 
sequent Motion  of  Lord  Grey  in  the  House  of  Lords— General  state  of 
feeling  with  respect  to  Spain  throughout  the  progress  of  the  Spanish 
War.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .       [16 


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viii  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER  in. 

Bills  of  Indictmtnt  preierr^d  againtt  the  Rioters  in  the  Dublin  Theatre-^ 
Failure  of  those  Bills  in  consequence  of  the  finding  of  the  Grand  Jury-^ 
Remarks  of  the  Attorney  General  on  this  result— The  Grand  Jury  Tindicate 
their  Conduct — £z-officio  InfDnnations  filed  aeainstthe  Rioters— Result  of 
their  Trial— Remarks  on  these  Proceedings— Motions,  of  Bfo.  Brownlow  and 
Colonel  Barry  for  the  Production  of  Papers— Petition  nom  the  Grand 
Jury— Mr.  Brownlow's  Motion  against  Mr.  Plunkett:  Mr.  Plunkett*9 
Defence:  course  of  the  Debate — Petition  of  the  Sheriff  and  Grind 
Jury  of  Dublin,  calling  for  inquiry  into  their  conduct— Sir  F.  Bur« 
dett's  Motion  for  Inquiry  carried— Course  and  result  of  the  inquiry- 
State  of  Ireland  :  violence  of  party  dissensions :  extension  of  the  system 
of  outrageous  attacks  upon  Persons  and  Proper^— Insurrection  Act  re* 
newed — Provisions  of  the  Bill  authorizing  Compositions  for  Tithes :  course 
of  the  Bill  through  the  two  Houses — Mischiefs  of  the  system  of  granting 
u  Leases  to  numerous  Joint-Tenants :  Remedy  applied  to  that  Evil— Debate 
on  Mr.  Brougham's  Motion  concerning  the  administration  of  Justice  in  Ire* 
land— Mr.  Hume's  Motion  against  the  Church  Establishment  of  Ireland — 
His  Motion  on  the  Vice-regal  Office— Other  Motions  relative  to  Ireland—' 
V.   Sute  of  Ireland  towards  the  end  of  the  Year.  •  .  .     [40 

CHAPTER' IV. 

CatfaoKc  ^estion :  Sir  F.  Burdett  declares  his  intention  of  withdrcwiDg  from 
the  Discussion:  Imputations  on  Mr.  Canning  and  Mr.  Phmkett:  Mr^ 
Canning's  Defence  :  Mr.  Brougham's  Invective  against  Mr.  Canning :  in- 
temperate Conduct  of  the  latter :  Motion  for  committing  Mr.  Canning  and 
Mr.  Brougham  to  the  custody  Qf  the  Seijeant  at  Arms :  termination  of  the 
Quarrel:  Remarks  on  this  Proceeding — Mr.  Plunkett's  Motion  on  the 
Catholic  Claims :  its  fate — Bills .  for  conferring  th6  Elective  Frandiise  on 
English  Catholics^  and  admitting  them  to  certain  Offices,  passed  by  the 
Commons^  but  stopped  in  the  JU>rds— Lord  Colchester's  Motion  with  re* 
raect  to  Catholic  Institutions— Parliamentary  Reform— llie  sUte  of  the 
Eleottve  Franchise  in  Scotch  Counties— Motipn  with  respect  to  the  Elec- 
lion  of  Magistrates  for  the  Borough  of  Inverness.  .  [73 

CHAPTER  V» 

Sir  James  Madcintosh's  Resolutions  for  the  Improvement  of  the  Criminal 
Code :  nature  and  grounds  of  the  Opposition  to  them :  they  are  rejected 
—'Bills  on  the  same  Subject  introduced  by  the  Government— Two  Bills 
taking  away  capital  punishment  from  certain  Offences — Bill  empowering 
the  Judges  to  record  Judgment  of  Death,  without  pronotmcing  it— Bin 
Gonceroing  the  ioterraent  of  any  Persons  found  Felo  de  se— Change  in  the 
Iaw  of  Principal  and  Factor— New  Marriage  Law:  Discussion  and  Rejeo- 
tion  of  the  Clause  making  certain  marriages  voidable— Delays  in  the  Court 
of  Chancery— Appellate  Jurisdiction— Proposed  Bills  for  the  Recovery  of 
Small  Debts— Conduct  of  the  Lord  Advocate  in  Borthwick's  Case.  •     [85 


CHAPTER  VI 

V  Agficukural  Distress— Discussions  on  this  Subject->-Mr.  Whitmoreni  Motion 

W  a  Reduction  in  th^  ' -^  r^^^  ^r  r*—..^  i-«^i.-*.-r*«.^^» ;« ^k^  RiHiottAi. 

of  the  Agricoltnral 


lof  a  Reduction  in  the  Import  Price  of  Corn— Improvement  in  the  Situati^b 
urol  Interest— Mr.  Western's  Motion  on  the  Cunepcy^-r 


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CONTENTS,  ix 

fii}iutable  Adjttstmeot  of  Conlraots — ^Re^appointmeni  of  the  Committee  on 
Foreign  Trade — Warehoasing  Bill — Reciprocity  of  Duties  Bill— Beer  Bill 
^^tiempted  Repeal  of  the  Laws  regulating  the  Silk  Trade.  [95 

CHAPTER  VII. 


Ministerial  Exposition  of  the  Financial  Situation  of  the  Country — Repeal  of 
some^  and  Diminution  of  others,  of  the  Assessed  Taxes — Ministerial  mis« 
lepresentatioB  of  the  Amount  of  the  Surplus  Revenue — Improvident  Con- 
tract with  the  Bank  for  the  payment  of  part  of  the  Naval  and  Military 
Peoaioos— Bill  regulatinff  the  reduction  of  the  National  Debt — ^BudgeW- 
Amonnt  of  Taxes  reduced  since  the  termination  of  the  War — Mr.  Maberl/s 
Motion  respecting  the  redettoptien  of  the  Land  Tax— The  Tax  on  Foreip 
Wools — ^Motion  with  respect  to  the  office  of  Lieutenant  General  of  me 
Ordnance. [l07 

CHAPTER  VIIL    • 

t'^ewfoundUind  andCape  Breton — ^New  South  Wales  and  Van  Diemen^s  Land 
-^-Proposed  Equalization  of  the  Duties  on  £ast*Indtan  and  West-Indian 
Sugar —Mr.  Buxton's  Motion  on  Slavery— The  resolutions  proposed  bj 
Government  on  that  subject— Lord  Batbutst's  Circular — Alarm  in  the 
West-Indian  Colonies — Proceedings  in  Jamaica  and  Barbadoes-— Insur- 
reetioii  in  Demerara :  its  Origin,  Progr^»  and  Suppression :  tiials  of  the 
Conspirators :  trial  of  the  Misaionary  Smkh— Omdition  of  the  New  Settle- 
^   aents  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  ....         [ISl 

CHAPTEU   IX. 

Motion  respecting  Mr.  Bowring's  Imprisonment;  the  Conduct  pursued  by 
the  Britisn  Government  ttfihat  affair — Claim  of  Mrs.  Olive  Serres  to  l>e 
Princess  of  Cumberland :  Mr.  Peel's  exposition  of  the  Imposture— Pro- 
Tbgation  of  Parliament — Mr.  Canning's  refosal  to  aeknoiriedge  or  hold 
communication  with  the  Regency  of  Madrid — Appointment  of  Consuls 
and  Consuls-General  in  the  States  of  South  America— Our  Relations  with 
Sooth  America — Mr.  Canning's  inCHSsing  popularity :  his  speech  at  Ply- 
mouth. .  .  .  .  [139 

CHAPTER  X. 

Kbakce — Pretended  violation  of  the  neutrality  of  the  French  soil — ^Ambi- 
guous conduct  of  the  French  Ministry  -^  Speech  at  the  opening  of  the 
French  Chambers — Duplicity  of  the  Minister — ^The  subsequent  explanattoa 
attempted  to  be  given  of  the  doctrine  contained  in  that  Speech — Respec- 
tive departures  of  the  French  and  Spanish  ambassadors — Debate  rn  the 
Peers  on  the  Address;  amendments  moved;  speech  of  Talleyrand— Ad- 
.dress  of  the  Peers— Debate  in  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  on  the  Address; 
Address  of  the  Deputies— The  Budget— Discussions  on  the  war  in  the 
progress  of  the  Financial  measures;  Chateaubriand's  sj>eech— Course  of 
o^fttrvation  pursued  by  Manuel :  proceediAga  against  him ;  his  expulsion 
from  th^  Chamber-— Protest  against  this  measure  tendered  and  rejected— 
Seoospion  of  the  Opposition— Riots-^Addressea  against  the  War-rAnMm- 
ciation  of  the  commencement  of  the  War— Exultation  of  the  French  ia 
the  fttccifls  of  the  Spanish  Casapaign— Proceedings  in  Paris— ComnunU 


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X  GONtENTS. 

•  cations  with  Eogland  as  to  South  America— I>i8Tnis9al  of  the  DuVe  of  Bel- 
luno — Remarkable  Trials  at  Paris — French  Clergy — English  artizans  em- 

'  ployed  in  France.  *         .  .  .  ...  [148 

CHAPTER   XL 

If  BTiiBBLANDs — Suppression  of  Roman  Catholic  Societies ;  Restrictions  on 

-  Commerce  with  France ;  Session  of  tibe  States  General ;  Plans  of  Irarprove- 

-  ment:  Militaiy  operations  in  Sumatra — Dsvhaek — Sweden:  Measures 

*  of  the  Di«t ;  Tenor  of  the  King's  speech  on  the  Dissolution  of  it-^BAi>fcif 
— WEfXAR — Hesse  Casscl — PaussiA  :  Establishment  of  ProTincial  As- 
semblies :  Prosecutions  against  Secret  Associations :  Restraints  on  the 
Press — ^WiRTEM BERG  :  Proceedings  of  the  Diet  against  the  Oerman  Ob- 
senrer :   Refusal  of  Wirtemberg  to  concur  in  the  approval  by  the  Diet  of 

.  the  Proceedings  of  the  Congress  of  Verona — Bavaria  :  Measures  taken  at 
the  recommendation  of  Austria — Switzerland:  Measures  adopted  at  the 
Command  of  France  and  the  Holy  Alliance,  iigainst  personal  liberty  and 
the  Press :  Swiss  Diet :  further  £)emands  of  the  Holy  Alliance — Austria 
— Russian  ordinances  against  Free-Masons — Meeting  of  the  Emperors  of 

,  Austria  and  Russia  at  Czemowitz.  ....  [169 

CHAPTER  Xir. 

Spa iir— Delivery  of  the  French,  Russian,  Austrian  and  Prussian  Notes  at 
Madrid— Proceedings  of  the  Cortes  upon  them — ^The  Answers  of  the 
Sppmish  XJoverament— The  Russian,  Austrian,  and  Prussian  Ministers 
receive  their  passports—Address  from  the  Cortes  to  the  King — Proceedings 
in  the  Cortes  after  the  communication  of  the  speech  of  the  King  of  France 
— Close  of  the  Extraordinary  Cortes — March  of  Bessieres  and  Ulman 
upon  Madrid ;  their  retreat ;  Ulman's  inroad  into  Valencia — ^Ferdinand's 
refusal  to  concur  in  the  transference  of  the  government  from  Madrid ;  the 

'  Ministers  removed  and  restored  on  the  same  Day  —  Another  change  of 
Ministry — Opening  of  the  Ordinary  Cortes — Removal  of  the  King  and 
Cortet  to  Seville— Military  Preparations — Commencement  of  the  Cam- 
paign— ^French  Refugees— St.  Sebastian — March  towards  Madrid— Opera* 
tions  in  Catalonia — Arrival  of  the  French  at  Madrid— Convention  with  the 
,  French — ^Attempt  of  Bessieres  on  the  Capital — Establishment  of  a  Re- 

tencv  at  Madria — ^Treachery  of  Abisbal — Proceedings  of  the  Cortes  at 
e^le— They  appoint  a  Regency— The  Removal  of  the  King  and  Cortes 
to  Cadiz— March  of  the  French  Troops,  from  Madrid  into  Andalusia — 
.Cordova — Seville— Operations  in  the  Asturias  and  Galicia :  Defection  of 
ijlorillo — Corunna— Operations  in  Valencia  and  Murcia ;  Defection  of 
,  Ballasteros — Riego's  expedition  :  his  defeat,  and  capture — Operations  in 
Catalonia— Arrival  of  the  Duke  d'Angouldme  before  Cadiz :  his  corres- 
pondence with  Ferdinand :  The  Trocadero  taken  :  Negotiation  attempted 
(^  the  Cortes :  Military  operations :  Ferdinand  repairs  to  the  head-quarters 
of  the  French — Surrender  of  the  Fortresses— Termination  of  the  Cam- 

Saign — Course  of  Administration  pursued  by  Ferdinand— Change  in  the 
panish  Ministry.  .  .  .  .  .  [180 

CHAPTER   XIII. 

Forttgal- Relations  of  Portugal  with  Great  Britain  and  France — Ama- 
rante's  insurrection :  his  progress:  Rego's  operations:  Insurrection  sup> 
pressed,  and  Amarante  retreats  into  Spain — Arrests  in  Dsbon — Insurret- 


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CONTENTS.  xi 

tioD  of  the  23rd  regiment — Prince  Miguel's  Flight  from  the  Palace — The 
Rebels  joined  by  most  of  the  Troops— Coitapleie  success  of  the  Counter- 
,  Revolution — Appointment  of  a  new  Ministiy — Dissolution  of  the  Cortes 
•  —^r  Robert  Wilson  in  Portugal — French 'Embassy — BraziI  : — Complete 
separation  of  Brazil  from  Portugal — Hostile  proceedings  of  Brazil  towards 
Portugal — Internal  Dissensions  of  Brazil — Resignation  of  the  Andradaa 
and  tbeir  immediate  restoration  to  Power — Meeting  oi"  the  Congress ^^ 
Secession  of  the  Ministers  from  th^  Congress  tt  Violent  l>iscu^siort3 — 
Change  oCjftinistiy — Dissension  between  the  Emperor  and  the  Coagn><j9 
— QnposillDn  ^  the  Andradas  to  the  Emperor — ^Violept  proceedings  of 
the  Congress  and  of  the  Emperor — A  new.  Ministry — ^llie  Emperor  dis- 
solTts  the  Congress  by  Military  force^Another  change  of  Minisiiy^Con* 
vocation  of  a  new  Legislative  Assembly— Measures  pursued  again $i  the 
kaders  of  the  Opposition — Basis  of  a  nindamental  Law  of  the  Monarchy 
proposed  by  the  Emperor — ^This  scheme  approved  by  the  muinop^ty  oC 
^e  .capital — Geoeral  approbation  of  the  proceedings  of  the  EtnpeTor — 
Catastrophe  at  Para—Military  Operations  at  Bahia :  D;fliculti(3S  ot  ^U* 
deifa*s  situation:  his  vigorous  resiaUoce:  Evacuation  of  Bahu— Lord 
Cochrane 's  Operations — Monte  Video— Arrival  of  Porlugu^e  Com  mis* 
sioners  at  Bio  de  Janeiro :  their  dismissal-rFinances  of  Bru^iU     ,     f  2 1 1 

CHAPTER   XIV. 

IcALT^Prosecutions — Election  of  a  New  Pope — Ionian  Islands — ^Tuekey 
— War  with  the  Greeks — Military  and  Naval  situation  of  the  Greeks— 

**  Military  Operations— Naval  Operations — Predatory  Incursions  in  Asia 
Minorr— Affairs  at  Constantinople — Difficulties  with  respect  to  Walladiia 
and  Moldavia — Seizure  at  Constantinople  of  Ships  under  the  Russian  flag 
— Concessions  of  the  Turks — Arrangements  between  Turkey  and  Austria 
— Treaty  between  Turkey  and  Persia.  .  .  .  [231 

CHAPTER  XV. 

IJviTED  States — Laws  against  tlie  Slave  Trade— Opening  of  the  session  of 
Congress^Negoiiations  witli  England,  France,  and  Russia^-Fieances  of 

,  the  United  States-r-C^arrcl  with  the  Riccaree  Indians^MEXico— Depp^ 
sition  of  Iturbbde — Internal  dissenaioos — Meeting  of  a'  Congress^Pro- 
posed  Constitution  of  Mexico — Negotiations  with  the  Spanish  Commis- 
sioners— Dispute  between  the  Town  of  Vera  Cruz  and  the  Castle  of  St. 

,  Juan  de  UHoa — Consequences  of  that  Dispute — Colombia — Santa  Martha 
^^Maracaibo— Porto  Cabello — Naval  successes  of  the  Spaniards— Capture 

,  of  Maracaibo  by  the  Colombians — Surrender  of  Porto  Cabello — Insurrcc^ 
lions  of  the  Indians — Insurrection  at  Pasto — Proceedings  ^f  the  Congress 

r  of  Colombia—Treaties  with  Chil^  and  Peru— Peru — San  Martin  resigns 
his  Authority — Expedition   against  General  Canterac — ^Victory  of   the 

,    Spaniards — Riva-Aguera  declared  President — Temporary  occupation  of 

.  lama  by  Canterac — Dissensions  between  Riva-Aguera  and  the  Congress— 
Reinforcements  received  from  Colombia  and  Chil^ — Military  Operations — 
Bolivar  arrives  at  Dma,  and  is  placed  at  the  head  of  Affairs — His  prepair 
'  ations  for  carrying  on  the  War — Riva*Aguera  taken  Prisoner — Chile — 
Discontent  with  the  Administration  of  O'Higgins — O'Higgins  and  Rod- 
riguez resign — A  Junta  appointed— General  Freyre  is  named  Director — 

t  Buenos  ^yres — Preliminary  Convention  with  Spain — Misunderstanding 
with  one  of.  the  English  Naval  Officei-s  on  the  station— Hayti—PoR'io 

.   Rico.  .  .  .  .  . .  .  ,  [23B 


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ii^ 


Contents. 


CHRONICLE. 


StVEMTS 


APPENDIX  TO   CHEONICLE. 


Sheriffii     •• 

Births  

Marriages    •  •  •  •  - 
Promotions  ••••< 

Deaths 

Khiff's  Ministers  < 


167 

168 

171 

178 

187 

212 

Public  Income    214 

■             Expenditure 216 

^    Disposition  of  Grants  217 

Ways' and  Means  •  •  •  •  227 

Unfunded  Debt    .  •  •  •  228 

Funded  Debt    •  229 

Trade  and  NaTigation    •.••••  231 

Public  General  Acts 2S5 

Stocks 247 

Bankrupts    •  •  •  •  ib. 

Prices  of  Sugar  and  Hay   •  •  •  •  248 

PricesofWheat ib. 

Prices  of  Butchers*  Meat    •  •  •  •  249 

Meteorological  Table  .•••-•••  ib. 

Bills  of  Mortality    •    ...»••..  250 
Number  of  Persons  committed 

to  Newgate  &c.  * 251 

Royal  Foresu ••  256 

LAW  CASES  AND  NAR- 
RATIVES. 

Pons— Trial  of  Castaign  •  •  •  •  1* 

Trial  of  the  Widow  Boursier 

andN.  Kostolo 19* 

King's  Bench  Dublin«-Trial  of 
Forbes  and  others  for  an  out- 
rage on  the  Lord  Lieutenant  21* 

Courtof  Admiralty— the  Dun- 
dee   32* 

Common  Pleat— Cuthbert  v. 

Browne •  35* 

Aylesbury^— Randall  and  Cro- 

ker,  murder    36* 

King's  Bench,Guidhall— Shaw 

V,  Williams,  seduction  •  •  •  •  40* 

Croydon — Stoffel  and  Keppel, 

murder   44* 

PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS. 

^ 

X.  Domesti».-Letter    on    the 

State  of  Ireland  ••  50* 


63* 
66* 


80* 


93* 


148* 


Education  of  the  Poor  in  Ireland    56* 

Salaries  in  Public  Offices   •  •  •  •     59* 

Substance  of  Report  on  the  Ap- 
pellate Jurisdiction    

State  of  the  Public  Records   *  • 

Report  on  the  state  of  Agricul- 

.  ture  and  Trade,  New  South 
Wales 71* 

Extracts  from  the  17th  Report 
of  th^  African  Institution  •  • 

II.  Foreign— Diplomatic  Cor- 
respondence on  the  Relations 
between  France  and  Spain  • . 

Convention  between  his  Majes- 
ty and  the  King  of  Spain, 
respecting  the  Capture  and 
Detention  of  British  vessels 
.and  Property  •••••••••••• 

Speech  of  the  King  of  France, 
at  the  opening  of  the  Session  149* 

Do.  of  the  King  of  Sweden,  at 
closing  the  Diet  ••'••.•••••  i5i« 

Russian  Finances    •  153* 

Reply  of  the  Spanish  Govern- 
ment to  the  Irench  Ministry  154* 

Note  of  the  Spanish  ministers 
to  their  Charge  d'Affaires  at 
Vienna,  Berlin,  and  Peters- 
burgh    156* 

Address  to  the  King  of  Spain 
voted  by  the  Cortes    157* 

Proclamation  of  the  Duke  of 
Angoul^me  • .^ 158* 

Speedh  of  the  King  of  Spain,  on 
closing  the  Session  •.••... .  160* 

Answer  of  the  President  of  the 
Cortes,  to  ditto 162* 

Proclamation  of  the  King  of 
Spain,  before  quitting  C^dit  165* 

of  Don  Miguel  to  the 

Portuguese  •.••, 166* 

of  the  King  of  Portugal  167* 

Decree  of  the  King  of  Portugal 
appointing  a  Junta •  *     ib. 

Manifesto  of  the  Emperor  of 
Brazil   169* 

Project  of  the  Brazilian  Consti- 
tution  • 172^ 

United  Stales— President's  met* 
sage  to  Congress ••  183* 


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CONTENTS. 


xm 


Tftblc  of  Um  Financef  of  tbo 
United  Sftttes 196* 

PreliminsiT  ConTention  be- 
tween Boenof  Ayres  and 
Spftin    • 

Metaage  of  the  Executive 
Power  of  Columbia,  on 
optoine  the  first  Constitu- 
tional Congress 

Treaty  between  Columbia  and 
Peru 


196« 


198« 


204* 


HISTORY  AND  BIO- 
GRAPHY. 

Memoir  of  Pius  VII 310« 

— — Lord  Bfskine 313* 

— Earl  St.  Vincent 223« 

Charles  Grant)  Esq* •••  224* 

"General  DunK>uriez    •  •  238* 
SaTaiv's  Account  of  the  Death 

of  the  Due  d'Enghien    ••••  242* 
^aeretary  Davison's  Account  of 
what  passed  between  Eliza- 
beth and  him  respecting  the 
Execution  of  Mary    244* 

MANNERS,  CUSTOMS,  STA- 
TISTICS, &c 

Captain  Franklin's  Journey  to 

thePolarSea 351* 

Captain  Parry's  Second  Voyage  271* 
NiagataFalls STT* 


^      NATURAL  HISTORY. 

Histonr  of  a  Case  of  Hydro- 
phobia, by  Dr.  Magendie  ...  281* 

Cxpenmenu  on  Digestion  by 
Sir  A.  Cooper • 285* 

CooiparatxTe  Strength  of  Ani- 
mals  • • •  388* 

Auricular  Organs  «•••• 269* 

Insects  in  Amber ik. 


GEOGRAPHY,  ASTRO. 
NOMY,  Ac. 

Ascent  of  Mount  Rosa 290* 

Russian  Voyage  of  Dtscorery     291* 


Refraction  of  Li^t  in  the  Arctic 
Seas 293* 

Aurora  Borealis,  as  obsenred  by 
Captain  Scoresby    •  •  •  294* 

Earthquake  in  Cbil^    295* 

Scheme  for  sending  .Dispatches 
to  the  E.  Indies,  by  a  Steam 
Packet**- 296* 


CHEMISTRY. 

New  Fluid,  diKO? ered  in  Mine- 
rals    297* 

Method  of  forming  three  Haloes 
artificially  round  the  Sun,  kc,    t^. 

Variation  in  the  Bulbs  of  Ilier- 
moroeters 298* 

New  Form  of  the  Voltaic  appa- 
tus    - t^. 

Expansive  Force  of  Coal  Gas     299* 

Magnetism  by  Percussion  •  •  •  •    lb. 

Effects  of  Magnetism  on  Chro- 
nometers, by  P.  Lecount    . ,    ib. 

New  Chemical  Combination ...  300^ 

New  Compound  of  Iodine  ...  301* 

Vegetation  in  Atmospheres  of 
different  densities    •  •    ib. 

Sugar  for  Preserving  Fish  •  •  •  •  302* 

AGRICULTURE  AND 
BOTANY. 

Destruction  of  Caterpillars  on 

Fruit  Trees 802* 

Utility  of  Sparrows 303* 

Goosel^rries   304* 

Succory  as  blanched  Salad  •  •  •  •     tfr. 

New  Esculent  Plant  •  • *  •  •    ib. 

Maturation  oT  Fruits  • 305* 

New  Zealand  Spinach    307* 


ARTS  AND  MANUFAC* 
TURES. 

Instrument  for  finding  the  La- 
titude without  the  help  of 
loffarithros  and  calculations     308^ 

Ice  Life-preserver 309* 

Diorama  •  • _•  •     ib. 

Process  of  Hatching  Poultry  by 

Steam  • 310^ 

Patents 311* 


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xit  CONTENTS* 

ANTIQUITIES     AND    MIS-  Educttion  in  Portugal    ..•>..  3!W» 

CELLANEOUS    LITERA-  Mt .  Haydoo's  PeUOw  for  the 
TURE.  enc^aragoiMDt  of  liisloncal 

P^umlliig  •••••••••••••••.  329* 

ChttDcery  Records ••  Z\^ 

The  CoHomtn  Mmwiscrtpts  ...  990^  POETRY. 

The  LftBsdown  do •  321* 

Heralds' CoUege* •^••«  322*  Stjrriao  Bfenisg  HyiMi  to  the 

NewChurches     323*        Virgin. •  331* 

Paris  and  its  Civic  Relations-.  324*  Hope  «id  Menoiyt  by  Miss 

Knights  of  Malta 326*        Bailie ih. 

Prussian  Universities 327*  Riddle 336' 

Statistics  of  Sweden  and  Nor-  Stonehenge,  a  Newdigate  Prize 

way ib.  Poem    ••• ib. 

Russiao  Statistics •••••  aW*  Imdex • 339* 


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THE 


ANNUAL   REGISTER, 


For  the  Year  1823. 


THE 


HISTORY  OF  EUROPE. 


Internal  prosperity  q/"  the  Country  ^Complaints  of  the  ^ariaU- 
turists-^County  Sfeetings^^Petition  of  the  County ,  of  Jyorfolk 
T-^Increased  Popularity  of  the  Ministry — Official  Changes — meet" 
ing  qf  Parliament — ^eech  from  the  Throne — Address  moved  m 
tM  ilouse  qf  Lords :  Amendment  proposed  by  Lord  Stanhope : 
the  course  of  Observation  folUnved  by  Lord  Lansdown  and  Lord 
Liverpool-^  Address  moved  in  the  House  qf  Comm(ms:  Mr, 
Brougham's  Dissection  qf  the  DiplamcUic  Notes  of  the  Allied  So- 
vereignSf  and  his  invective  agaxnst  them  and  their  Policy :  Mr. 
PeeVs  Remarks-^Effect  of  the  Disposition  and  Temper  exhibited 
by  Parliament. 


Tl  HE  country^  in  the  1 
ttnd  throughoot  the  wholeof the 
pmentyear^eSiifaitedtheinostune- 
qtmrocal  marks  of  a  steady  and  pr<v 
greniTe  proqpenty.  Erery  bnuich 
of  mani&cturing  industry^  was  in 
a  floorishing  state.  The  cotton* 
wod^wrott^t  up  in  182S^  exceeded 
the  eonsumption  of  the  preceding 
yesff,  hy  one^fifUi;  there  was  a 
eonsiderable  increase  in  the  quan^ 
tity  of  silkB  and  woollen-eloths 
BttmufJMJturad ;  and^  in  con0e« 
Voii.  LXV, 


quenoe  of  augmenting  exportation, 
die  demand  for  iron,  hard-ware, 
and  cutlery>  was  revinng  from  the 
fltate  of  stagnation  in  wHeh  it  had 
been  since  the  conclusion  of  the 
war.  The  shipping  interest^  too, 
which  had  experienced  more  than  a 
prc^Kirtional  share  of  the  kte  A»» 
presBion  and  embarrassments,  par*> 
tioipated  in  the  general  improve* 
tnent.  Not  only  was  th^re  em«> 
ployment  for  the  good  vessels  that 
wore  in  the  ^oekB,  bttt  tbd  lUp* 


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9]        ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1823. 


builders  yards  began>  again,  to  pre- 
sent a  scene  oi  busy  industry. 

The  agricultural  distress  bad  di- 
minished in  the  course  of  the  for- 
mer year ;  but  the  effects  of  the 
by-gone   change  in  the  circum- 
stances of  many  owners  and  cultiva- 
tors of  the  soil  were  still  felt  in  a 
degree  strong  enoiigh   to  give  a 
plausible  pretext    tor   complaint 
These    complaints    were    uttered 
most   loudly  in  various  county- 
meetings,  held  immediately  before, 
or  shortly  after,  the  meeting  of  par- 
liament ;  at  which,  under  pretext  of 
assigning  the  causes  or  suggesting 
remedies  of  the  agricultural  dis- 
tress, the  necessity  of  diminishing 
the  taxes,  of  reforming  the  consti- 
tution of  the  Wi^ure,  and  fre- 
quently of  plun&ring  the  church, 
and  the  public  creditor,  was  some- 
times insinuated,  and  sometimes 
boldly  avowed.     Among  the  coun- 
ties which  voted  petitions  on  this 
subject  to  the  House  of  Commons, 
were    Norfolk,    Somerset,    York, 
Berks,   Hereford,  Middlesex,  and 
Surrey.    In  the  meeting  held  at 
Norwich,  on  the  3rd  of  January, 
the  Whigs,  who  had  convened  it 
and  meant  it  to  be  a  vehicle  for 
their   own  opinions,   were    com- 
pletely defeated  by  the  unexpected 
appearance  of  Mr.  Cobbett,  on  the 
stage ;    who,  after  having  exposed 
the  fallacy  and  incoherence  of  the 
resolutions    proposed    by    them, 
moved   an   address   of  his   own, 
which  was  carried   triumphantly 
by  the  acclamations  of  the  assem- 
bled mob,  or  at  least  of  that  part 
of  it,  which  was  nearest  to  the 
hustings.     This  petition,,  after  the 
usual  complaints  ag^nst  sinecures, 
taxes,  the  church,  and  the  national 
debt,  prayed  an  efficient  reform  of 
parliament,  in  order  that  such  par^ 
liament  might  adopt  the  measures 
necessary  to  effect  the  following 


purposes : — 1«  An  appropriation  of 
a  part  of  the  property  of  the  church 
to  the  liquidation  of  the  debt:     2. 
A  reduction  of  the  standing  army, 
including  staff,  barracks  tuid  col- 
leges, to  a  scale  of  expense  as  low 
as  that  of  the  army  before  the  last 
war :     8.  A  total  abolition  of  all 
sinecures,   pensions,    grants,   and 
emoluments,  not  merited  by  public 
services :     4.  A  sale  of  the  crown 
lands,  and  an  application  of  the 
money  towards  Uie  liquidation  of 
the  debt:    5.  An  equitable  ad- 
justment with  regard  to  the  public 
debt,  and  also  with  regard  to  all 
debts  and  contracts  between  man 
and  man.     But,  as  to  effect  these 
purposes  might  require  a  lapse  of 
months,    the    petitioners    further 
prayed,  that  parliament,  in  order 
to    afford    immediate    protection 
against   ruin,   would   be  pleased, 
1.  To  suspend,  bylaw,  for  one  year, 
all  distresses  for  rent,  and  to  cause 
distresses  already  issued  to  be  set 
aside ;     2.  To  suspend  all  process 
for  tithes,  for  the  same  period ;    3. 
To  suspend,  for  the  same  period, 
all  processes  arising  out  of  mort- 
gage, bond,  annuity,  or  other  con- 
tract affecting  house  or  land ;     4. 
To  repeal  the  whole  of  the  taxes 
on  malt,  hops,  leather,  soap,  and 
candles. 

The  Whig  aristocracy  of  Ncnrfolk, 
indignant  that  such  principles 
shoiud  be  supposed  to  emanate 
from  their  county,  caused  pe- 
titions to  be  prepaii^  and  nume- 
rously si^ed  in  distinct  hundreds, 
reprobatmg  the  petition  adopted  at 
Norwich,  but  complaining  bitterly 
of  asricullural  distress,  and  calling 
loudly  for  parliamentary  reform. 
The  original  petition  and  also  the 
counter  petitions  were  presented 
to  the  House  of  Commons,  by  Mr. 
Coke,  who,  on  that  occasion,  de- 
clared his  dissent  from  Mr.  Cob- 


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fflSTORY  OF  EUROPE. 


[3 


bett's  oondu&ons,  and  ascribed  that 
gentleman's  triumph   to  the  con- 
nuion  of  the  meeting,  and  to  the 
ignorance^  in  which  the  individuals 
oDinposinff  it  were^  of  what  was 
xeally  said  by  the  speakers*     Mr. 
James  was  the  only  member  of 
Oppootiony  who  expressed  any  ap- 
probation of  the  doctrines  adopted 
at  Norwich.   Yet  the  only  essential 
diflerence   between   Mr.   Cobbett 
and  his  adversaries,  sspj^ean  to  have 
been,  that,  both  setting  out  from 
the  same  assumptions,  Mr.  Cobbett 
pushed  his  premises  to  their  utmost 
oonaeqaences,  while  Mr.  Coke  and 
his  party,  preferring  prudence  to 
logic,  adopted  the  pnndples  accep- 
table to   their  querulousness,  and 
yet  disavowed   the  inferences  to 
which    these  principles,  if  fairly 
followed  up,  necessarily  led.     Mr. 
Cobbett's  success  at  Norwich,  in- 
duced him  to  attempt  to  play  the 
nme  part  at  Her^ord :  but  there 
the  country-gentlemen  were  pre- 
pared to  meet  their  antagonist; 
and  instead  of  carT3ring  his  point, 
the  assembly  would  scarcely  deign 
even  to  hear  him. 

The  language  held  at  most  of 
these  meetmgs  was  violent  in  the 
extreme ;  but  it  was  regarded  by 
sober-minded  men,  as  the  efiusion 
of  party  spirit,  and  as  being  neither 
in  unison  with  the  sentiments,  nor 
suitaUe  to  ijhe  actual  circumstances 
of  the  nation.  The  people  saw  and 
fell,  that  mai^y  classes  in  the  com- 
nranity  were  in  a  thriving  state ; 
and  tluit  the  embarrassments,  even 
of  the  agriculturists,  were  becoming 
every  day  less.  A  general  opinion 
prevailed,  that,  on  subjects  of  in- 
ternal legislation,  the  ministry  had 
^wn  more  just  and  more  enlarged 
views  than  their  opponents:  and 
the  avowed  dissent  oi  Mr.  Canning 
from  the  proceedings  of  the  conti- 
nental monaxchs^  won  to  him  and 


to  his  colleagues  a  large  portion  of 
esteem  and  confidence  from  many, 
who  had  till  now  been  more  in- 
clined to  throw  upon  him  blame 
than  to  yield  him  their  am>lause. 
The  Spanish  question  was  the  great 
topic  of  public  anxiety  ;  and  upon 
it  there  was  a  complete  sympaihy 
between  the  government  and  the 
oountiy.    For  thoudi  there  were 
men  who,  actuated  liy  a  generous 
but  unwise  impulse,  thought  that 
our  ministers  ought  to  do  more  than 
declare  their  ccmdemnation  of  the 
French  aggression  against  Sjpain, 
and   that,    instead   m   remaming 
neutral,  they  should  becodie  prin- 
cipals in  the  war,  and  pledtfe  the 
prosperity  and  constitution  of  Engu 
land  for  the  dominion  of  the  Cortes; 
yet  these  quixotic  schemes  were 
confined  to  a  few.     To  condemn 
the  conduct  of  France   and   the 
Holy  Alliance ;  to  wish  success  to 
Spain;  to  abstain  from  war  our- 
adves  and  consequently  from  all 
menaces  of  war ;  such  was  the  line 
of  ccmduct  whidi  was  generally 
believed  to  be  most  consonant  to 
the  principles  and  interests  of  £ng^ 
land ;  and  it  was  in  this  course  of 
policy    that    Mr.    Canning    had 
hitherto    walked^    and   was   still 
walking. 

The  dianges,  which  took  place 
in  some  important  offices,  were 
calculated  to  strengthen  the  mi- 
nistry in  the  public  opinion.  Mr. 
Vansittart,  who  had  always  gained 
more  respect  by  his  virtues  than 
admiration  by  his  talents,  retreated 
from  the  fatigues  of  finance  to  the 
chancellorship  of  the  duchy  of 
Lancaster,  and  was  raised  to  the 
peera^  by  the  title  of  lord  Bexley. 
Mr.  Itbbinson  succeeded  him  as 
chancellor  of  the  Exchequer ;  Mr. 
Huskisson  was  appointed  president 
of  the  Board  of  Trade ;  and  in  his 
stead  Mr.  Arbuthnot  became  first 
CBD2 


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4]        ANNUAL  REGISTBR.  1823. 


«mttmiiiioiiar  of  tiie  Lmd  Brrenut. 
•Tlw  iMMDotion  of  Mif*  RoohitDB 
•and  Mr*  Hoildsioii  wift^xoeediiigly 
MceptMe,  enpidflUy  to  the  oom- 
iiMrdftl  piirt  of  tbe  oomntuiiitj ; 
fbr  both  theie  gmdemen  were 
knowri  to  poSiMS  ft  manly  lense,  and 
a  liberalky  of  opiaioii,  from  which 
gt^at  benefits  in  commeraal  and 
finatidal  atoinSitrfltioti  mi^t  be 
tfupccted* 

On  the  4ih  of  February  the 
«ettion  of  parliament  wai  opened 
=by  confmiMlon  i  his  majesty  being 
prevented  by  indispoiitioa  from  at- 
tending in  p«non.  Af^  the 
royal  eommisnon  had  been  read, 
the  lord  chancellor,  on  behalf  oi 
the  other  eommissionerSi  read  the 
fbllowing  speech  >— 

"  My  Lords  and  Gentlemen, 

"  We  are  commanded  by  his  ma- 
jesty to  inform  you,  that  since  he 
last  met  you  in  parliament,  his 
majesty's  efibrts  have  been  unre^ 
mittingly  exerted  to  preserve  the 
peace  of  Europe. 

"Faithftil  to  the  principles 
which  his  majesty  has  promulgated 
to  the  world,  as  oonstituting  the 
rule  of  his  conduct,  his  majesty 
declined  being  a  party  to  any  pro- 
c^eedings  at  Verona,  which  ooula  be 
deemed  an  interference  in  the  in- 
ternal concerns  of  Spain  on  the 
part  of  fbt«(gn  powers*  And  his 
miyesty  has  since  used,  and  con- 
tinues to  use,  his  most  anxious  en- 
deavours and  good  offices  to  allay 
the  irritation  unhappUy  subsisting 
between  the  French  and  8|iBnish 
governments :  and  to  avert,  if  po^ 
ttble,  the  calamity  of  war  between 
France  and  Spain. 

"  In  the  east  of  Europe  his  ma- 
jesty flatters  himself  that  peace  will 
be  prMerved,  and  his  mi^esty  con- 
tinues to  receive  from  his  allies, 
and  generally  from  other  powers, 
aamiraneas  of  their  nnattet^  dtt- 


poftitSon  to  ctiltivato  with  his  nuu 
joity  those  fiiendly  relataona  ^hioh 
It  is  equaUy  hii  nu^jesty's  objeet  on 
his  part  to  maintdni 

*'  We  are  further  oommanded  to 
appriso  you,  that  diseusiions  hav^ 
ing  long  been  pending  with  the 
court  of  Madrid,  respecting  dept^ 
dations  committed  on  the  oom^ 
meroe  of  his  majesty's  subjects  in 
the  West  Indian  Seas,  antd  other 
grievances  of  which  his  majesty 
had  been  under  th6  necesaty  ^ 
complaining,  those  discnsflums  have 
terminated  in  ra  admission  by  the 
Spanish  govemment  of  the  justice 
4ir  his  majesty's  complaints,  and  in 
■an  engagement  fiir  satisfactory  rm 
paration. 

'*  We  are  commanded  to  assure 
yon,  that  his  majesty  has  not  been 
unrnindful  of  the  addresses  pre- 
-sented  to  him  by  the  two  Houses 
of  Parliament  widi  respect  to  the 
foreign  slave  tnde. 

*'  Propositions  for  the  more  ef» 
fectual  suppression  of  that  evil 
were  brouffht  forward  by  his  ma^ 
jesty's  plempotentiary  in  the  con- 
ferences at  Verona,  said  there  have 
been  added  to  the  treaties  upon 
this  subject  already  concluded  be- 
tween his  majesty  and  the  govem» 
ments  of  Spain  and  the  Netiier^- 
lands,  articles  which  will  extend 
the  operation  of  those  treaties,  and 
greatly  fholHtate  theinsxeofttion. 

''Gentlemen  of  thh  House  of 
Ck>mroons,  , 

*'  His  majesty  has  directed  the 
estimates  of  the  current  year  to  be 
laid  before  you.  They  have  been 
framed  widi  every  attention  to 
-eoonomy ;  and  the*  total  expendi^ 
ture  win  be  found  to  be  materially 
below  that  of  last  year. 

''This  diminution  of  cha^, 
combined  with  the  progressiva  im- 
provement of  the  revenue,  has  pn>> 
ducod  a  sorjdus  exceeding  his  ma* 


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HISTORY  OP  EUROPE. 


[5 


j0Btfn  expeetttloD.  ffis  majcrty 
trastSy  mrefare>  ikat  you  will  be 
Me,  flf^  proviflidg  for  the  ser- 
vioes  of  the  year,  and  without  af- 
fecdng  pu1>lic  credit^  to  nuJ^e  a 
fm-dier  eonsidemble  reduction  in 
tke  borlliens  of  his  people. 

**  My  Lord^  and  Gentlemen^ 

"  Hu  majesty  has  commanded 
U0  to  State  to  you,  that  the  mani-i 
ftttatkms-of  loyalty  and  attach- 
ment  to  his  person  and  government, 
which  his  majbsty  raceiTed  in  his 
late  visit  to  Scotland,  have  made 
die  deepest  impression  upon  his 
heart. 

^^  Th6  provision  which  you  made 
in  the  last  sesston  of  parliament 
for  the  relief  of  the  distresses  in 
csonsidenible  districts  in  Ireland, 
has  been  productive  of  the  happiest 
effiicts,  and  his  majesty  recom- 
mends to  your  consideration  such 
measures  of  internal  regulation  as 
may  be  calculated  to  promote  and 
secure  the  tranquillity  of  that 
country,  and  to  improve  the  habits 
and  condition  of  the  people. 

*'  Deeply  as  his  majesty  regrets 
tibe  contmued  depression  of  the 
mknltural  interest,  the  satisfac- 
tiOB  with  whidi  his  majesty  con« 
templates  the  increasing  activity 
whiidi  pervades  the  nronitfactoring 
&tiiefcs,  and  the  flouiiihing  con- 
ation of  our  oommmre  in  most  of 
its  piineipal  branches,  is  greatly 
enhanced  by  the  confident  persna- 
aon  diat  the  progressive  prosperity 
of  so  many  of  t&  interests  of  the 
conntiy  cannot  fail  to  contribute 
to  die  mdual  improvement  of  that ' 
l^reat  'inteKest,  which  is  the  most 
UBportant  of  them  all." 

The  address  was  moved  by  lord 
Moricy,  aikd  seconded  Iw  lord 
Mayo.  Eail  Stanhope,  after  la- 
meiiting  that  there  seemed  no  in- 
tentioB  on  die  part  Of  government 
t»  a^iniiiiftcr  idiaf  to  the  agri* 


c^tnrists,  moved  that  the  feUow^ 
ing  words  should  be  inserted  in' 
the  address  ^^  That  this  Hoose 
views  with  the  deepest  regret  and 
anjoety^  the  severe  and  unexampled 
Stress  which  now  affliets  Iha 
country,  and  will  immediately  pro- 
ceed to  imjuire  into  and  examine 
its  causes ;  also  the  results  which 
have  arisen  from  altering  the  value 
oi  the  currency  ;  and  the  means  of 
administering  ^eedy  and  eftcttud 
relief."  The  speech  whi^h  he 
made  in  support  dP  thisamendnimt^ 
was  composed  of  exaggerated  re^ 
prmentations  of  the  agricultural 
embarrassments,  feeble  and  iUogieai 
efforts  to  prove  that  these  eniDar- 
rassments  proceeded  from  our  re- 
turn to  eai&  pajrments,  and  auda^ 
cious  recommendations  of  national 
bankruptcy.  "  If  we  contemplate," 
said  his  lord^p,  'Uhe  effects  which 
the  change  of  ourrmcy  has  pro* 
duced  upon  taxation,  we  find  that 
the  pubUc  annuitants  now  receive  . 
twice  as  mudi  in  the  produoe  of 
the  earth  as  they  did  in  ISlff^ 
and  nearly  twice  as  much  as 
they  then  did  in  other  commodU 
ties.  Is  not  this  to  be  consideved 
as  a  most  nef^ous  friwd  diat 
has  been  praedsed  on  the  nation, 
and  as  an  act  of  pubMc  rMxry  ? 
We  hear  mudi  -about  puUie  fiuth, 
but  it  did  not,  and  oould  not  pied^ 
the  nation  to  pay  the  public  credi* 
tors  twice  as  much  as  they  eu^t 
to  receive,  and  as  they  did  receive 
three  years  ago.  The  redaction 
of  the  dividends,  which  is  imp^* 
rlously  required  by  the  safety  of 
the  country,  is  strictly  conferaaWe 
to  justice,  in  consequence  of  the* 
iteration  of  the  currency  in  wU^ 
they  are  paid." 

*  Lord  Lansdown  thought,  that 
the  topics  which  lord  Staimope  had 
discussed,  however  important  in 
themselTeS)  ought  to  bo 


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6]       ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1823, 


over  for  the  present^  and  that^  in 
the  crisis  which  now  threatened 
Europe,  it  was  desirable  that  the 
Addiess  should  be  adopted  unanim- 
ously. He  only  wiwed,  that  it 
had  been  couched  in  stronger 
terms,  and  that  in  it,  as  well  as  in 
the  speech  from  the  throne,  there 
had  been  a  stronger  and  more  ex- 
plicit declaration  of  the  sense 
which  this  country  entertained  of 
those  principles,  which  had  unfor- 
tunately found  their  way  into  the 
councils  of  some  of  the  ereat 
powers  of  Europe,  and  whiui,  if 
acted  upon  to  their  natural  extent^ 
would  not  foil  to  involve  Europe 
in  confusion.  Those  principles 
had  now,  for  the  second  tune,  been 
promulgated  in  a  manner  which 
lef^  no  room  for  doubt  as  to  their 
tendency :  and  far  from  thinking 
it  expedient  to  palter  with  the 
sense  of  parliament  and  the  coun- 
try, he  was  of*  opinion  that  his  ma- 
jesty's mimsters  would  act  wisely 
and  iudidously,  to  unite  with  the . 
l^islature  and  the  people  in  ex- 
pcessing  their  indignation  at,  ra- 
ther than  their  disapprobation  of, 
such  a  system,  if  there  was  any 
chance  of  thereby  averting  the 
calamities  which  must  grow  out  of 
it.  Whether  or  not  government 
would  declare  its  opinion  of  the 
conduct  of  the  continental  powers 
as  he  thought  it  should — and  he 
was  willing  to  believe  that,  in 
some  degree,  it  already  had  done 
so — he  was  sure  that  public  feel- 
ing would  find  vent  through  various 
channeb,  and  that  every  part  of 
the  country  would  be  eager  to  pro- 
claim to  the  world  the  opinion 
which  it  entertained,  and  the  sense 
which  it  cherished,  of  the  rights  of 
nations,  and  the  important  in- 
terests which  England  had  in 
maintaining  them.  At  the  same 
tm»^  I^eing  bound  to  giv^  credit  to 


ministers  for  having  used  their 
exertions  to  avert  the  calamity  of 
a  war  on  the  continent,  and  for 
having  made  protestations,  how- 
ever vainly,  against  the  conduct  of 
France,  he  confessed  that  he  did 
not,  under  all  the  drciunstances  of 
the  casCi  think  the  present  was  a 
fit  time  for  proposing  any  further 
declaration  of  opinion  than  was 
contained  in  the  address  already 
moved. 

Lord  Liverpool  asserted,  that 
there  could  not  be  a  more  dis- 
tinct statement  of  the  inten- 
tions of  the  government,  than 
was  contained  in  the  first  para- 
graph of  the  speech  from  the 
throne :  "  Faithful  to  the  princi- 
ples which  his  majesty  had  pro- 
mulgated to  the  world  as  consti- 
tuting the  rule  of  his  conduct,  his 
majesty  declined  being  a  party  to 
any  proceedings  at  Verona,  which 
could  be  deemed  an  interference  in 
the  internal  concerns  of  Spain." 
Those  principles  were  to  be  found 
in  a  note  written  by  a  dear  and  very 
lamented  fnend  of  his,  and  issued 
on  the  19th  of  January,  1821.  In 
that  note,  the  policy  of  the  British 
government  was  distinctly  declared ; 
and  it  rested  on  the  principles  of 
the  law  of  nations,  which  allowed 
every  country  to  judge  how  it 
could  best  be  governed,  and  what 
ought  ^  be  its  institutions ;  and  if 
exceptions  to  the  rule  might  arise 
out  of  considerations  of  self-de- 
fence and  self-preservation,  these 
wero  to  be  considered  as  exceptions, 
and  wero  to  stand  on  their  own 
peculiar  merits.  He  and  his  col- 
leagues viewed  the  question  of 
Spain  as  one  purely  Spanish,  and 
not  mixed  up  with  any  other. 
There  had  been,  and  he  sincerely 
trusted  there. would  be,  through- 
out the  career  of  those  who  had 
the  conduct  of  affiuirs  ia  thatcouui 


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HISTORY  OP  EUROPE. 


[7 


try,  a  leas  taint  of  bloody  of  crime, 
and  violeiioe,  than  was  afforded  by 
ahnost  any  other  example  of  a  si- 
milar revelation  that  had  occurred 
in  modem  history.  The  constitu- 
tion had  been  adopted  by  Spain, 
and  acknowledged  by  Great  Bri- 
tain, wlule  war  was  raging  in  the 
peninsula.  If  it  wanted  correction, 
the  monarch  had  the  power  of  cor- 
recting it  when  he  first  accepted  it. 
The  Spaniards,  far  from  wishing 
to  interfere  with  other  countries, 
disclaimed  any  such  right.  If  he 
dreaded  war  as  affecting  Spain,  he 
dreaded  it  still  more  as  afi^ting 
France.  Under  such  circumstances, 
every  man  must  admit,  that  the 
policy  of  this  country  was,  to  pre- 
serve neutrality.  But,  while  he 
said  this,  he  protested  against  be- 
in^  supposed  for  a  moment  to  ad- 
mit the  idea — ^that,  if  unavoidable 
drcumstanees  presented  no  alter- 
native to  England  but  war  or  dis- 
honour, we  were  not  in  a  state  to 
00  to  war.  On  the  contrary,  as 
long  as  parliament  refused  to 
adopt  any  measures  calculated  to 
sap  the  foundations  of  public  cre- 
dit, he  was  convinced,  that,  if  a 
war  should  appear  to  be  necessary 
to  the  preservation  of  our  honour, 
the  country  was  in  a  state  to  meet 
it.  Still,  after  the  extraordinary 
effints  which  Great  Britain  had  so 
recently  made,  and  taking  into 
consideration  the  present  state  of 
Europe,  it  was  most  desirable,  if 
we  could  do  so  with  regard  to  jus- 
tice, to  our  safety,  to  our  honour, 
send  to  our  engagements  with  our 
allies,  that  we  should  preserve  our 
neutral  position.-— The  present, 
however,  was  not  the  time  for  the 
consideration  of  that  question. 
For,  whatever  might  be  the  exist- 
ing probability  of  a  rupture  be- 
tween France  and  Spain,  he  did 
PQt  oonnder  ibe  door  as  yet  abso^ 


lutely  closed  against  negotiation 
and  amicable  arrangement. 

The  lords  divided  upon  lord 
Stanhope's  amendment :  and  after 
it  had  oeen  rejected  by  a  majority 
of  (te  Not-contents,  to  3  Contents, 
the  address  was  carried  unani- 
mously. 

In  the  Commons,  the  address 
having  been  moved  by  Mr.  Childe, 
and  seconded  by  Mr.  Wildman, 
Sir  Joseph  Yorke  expressed  the 
satisfaction  with  which  he  found 
ministers  following  the  good  old 
feelings  of  the  country,  and  not 
advocating  an  interference  in  the 
internal  concerns  of  another  state. 
He  thought  this  country  was 
bound  te  show  to  France  and  the 
world,  the  absurdity,  the  impolicy, 
and  tlie  injustice  cf  a  declaration 
of  war  against  Spain  in  the  pre- 
sent moment.  A  more  outrageous 
act  of  violence  never  was,  and 
never  could  be  committed,  than 
the  meditated  attack  upon  that 
brave  nation.  It  should  be  recol- 
lected, that  these  Spaniards  were 
the  very  men  who  placed  the 
Bourbons  on  |he  throno-^who 
seated  Ferdinand  himself  at  the 
head  of  the  government,  at  a  pe- 
riod when  no  .power  could  have 
forced  him  upon  them  against  their 
will.  And  was  it  against  such 
men  that  the  Bourbons  of  France 
were  now  going  to  make  Avar  ?  He 
trusted  the  evil  might  be  yet 
averted ;  for  who  couM  say,  when 
blood  was  once  shed,  and  when 
cannon  were  fired  on  this  side  of 
the  Bidassoa — ^who  could  say  that 
this  country  could  long  renuda 
neuter?  Circumstance  as  we 
were,  it  might  indeed  be  desirable 
that  we  should  be  neutral ;  but» 
with  a  conunerce  extending  from 
Pole  to  Pole,  with  interests  which 
must  be  more  or  less  affected  by 
er^  hostile  movement  betwe^ 


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ANNUAL  RBOISTER,  1823. 


the  powers  of  £urope>  he  would* 
ask  any  man,  whose  breait  beat 
with  honest  feelings  of  ind^^d- 
encej  how>  dtuatS  as  we  were, 
we  could  keep  bng  out  of  such  a 
war,  if  once  commenced  ?  It  was 
for  thifi  reason,  aqd  because  he  was 
anxious  to  avert  the  evil  if  possible, 
by  a  strong  declaration  of  the  feel- 
inj^  of  this  country,  that  he  would* 
wish  every  member  of  that  House, 
to  rise  in  his  place,  and  state  his 
ojpinion  as  to  whether  France  was 
nght  in  her  present  course  or  not. 
To  this  appeal  Mr.  Brougham 
answered  in  a  speech  which  was  one 
of  the  happiest  efforts  of  his  manly 
and  versa^  eloquence.  Scorning 
the  rhetorical  prettinesses  of  anti- 
theses and  metaphors,  he  exposed 
in  ianguafie,  in  which  contemp* 
tuous  and  oitter  invective  was  in* 
termingled  with  soimd  argument, 
the  abstract  absurdi^  and  injustice 
of  the  proceedings  oi  the  oontinen- 
tal  sovereigns,  and  the  incon^ 
tency  of  tl^  conduct  with  their 
past  actions,  promises,  and  preten- 
sions: iUustrating  his  argument, 
and  giving  stren^h  to  his  invec- 
tive, by  happy  historical  allusions, 
and  communicating  to  his  words  a 
new  power,  by  tl^  earnest  vdie- 
mence  of  manner  and  of  tone  with 
which  thev  were  accompanied. 
He  rose,  he  said,  to  join  with 
every  man  who  deserved  the  name 
of  Briton,  in  en>res6iiig  unqualified 
abhorrence  and  detestation  at  the 
audacious  interference  of  the  con- 
tinental sovereigns  in  the  affairs 
of  Spain;  or  S  that  detestation 
was  qualified,  it  was  only  by 
indignation  and  disgust  at  the 
canting  hypocrisy  of  Uie  language 
in  which  the  loathsome  principSs 
of  theityrai^tf  were  promulgated  to 
thi^  wofld.  But  he  should  ill  dis* 
change  his  duty  if  he  did  not  mark 
his  sense  of  the  candour  of  the  two 


hon.  gei^tlemen  who  bpd  moved 
and  seconded  the  addreai^y  and  ex-^ 
press  his  satisfaction  at  what,  in 
the  House,  and  m  the  country 
would,  unanimously,  be  felt  to  be, 
the  sound  and  liberal  view  which 
they  had  taken  of  this  matter. 
Indeed,  he  knew  not,  that,  circum- 
stanced as  they  were,  th^  oould 
go  farther;  or  that  his  miyesty's 
ministers  could,  in  the  present 
state  of  this  very  delicate  af« 
fair,  have  gone  beyond  the  oom«> 
munication  of  to-day.  That  com* 
munication,  coupled  with  the  com- 
mentary of  the  movers,  would  be  joy 
and  exultation  to  £i|gland-rWou)4 
diffiise  joy  and  exultation  over. 
Spain— wouldbeasouroeof  comfort 
tootherficeestate&r-but  would  bring 
confusion  and  dismay  to  the  allies  ; 
who,  by  a  pretended  respect  for, 
but  a  real  mockery  of,  rel^p/cm  and 
morality,  made  war  upon  liberty 
in  the  abstract,  and  endeavouring 
to  crush  independence,  wherever  it 
was  to  be  found,  were  now  nsadjr 
with  their  armed  h{»des  to  carry 
their  frightful  projects  into  execu** 
tion.  If  war  were  once  coinniei|ced« 
we  should  soon  be  compelled  to 
take  some  p$rt  in  it ;  and  for  sud» 
an  emeiigency,  every  shilling,  which 
could  be  saved  by  the  most  rigid 
economy,  should  be  reserved.  Wq 
were  bcmnd  to  assist  one  party,  our 
old  ally  Por^u^ial,  if  she  should  be 
engaged;  and  it  was  not  likely  that 
she  could  r^nain  neuter,  li  the 
present  ilUfated  oonapicicy  against 
Spain  diould  proceed  to  open  has- 
tility.  This  view  of  the  question 
it  was,  in  which  he  difi&red  from 
the  ffallant  officer  (Sir  J.  Yorke) 
who  last  sgoke ;  and  he  was  glad, 
that  he  could  not  coUoct  from  the 
hon*  mover  or  seconder,  the  ominons 
words  '^  strict  neutr^ty,"  as  ap« 
plied  to  this  country  in  the 
ibx^teoed  contest-    A  state  of 


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[9 


I 


didtttd  neutrality  on  our.  part 
would  be  uotluiig  lets  than  a  de* 
dwed  permusum  of  those  evils 
which  we  condemned,  ai^  a  tadt 
aUowanoe  of  the  atrocioui  priiici* 
nles  which  we  were  unanimous  in 
depncatin^.  He  would  say^  thoc^ 
kie,  that  u  would  be  the  duthr  of 
hia  ip^esQr's  ministers^  with  wnom 
he  should  be  glad  to  co«(^»enite  on 
the  oocasioiH-Hftnd  %d,  he  was  oer« 
tain,  would  every  one  who  then 
hwd  him—to  come  to  the  resolu- 
^aOf  that  when  certain  things 
should  take  placa  on  the  continent, 
we  should  be  ready  to  assist  the 
Spmiarda — a  measure  noccssaiy  to 
seveateviH  which  even  those  the 
least  pione  to  war  must  admit  to 
be  ineritahki  should  a  wavering  or 
puiiHanjinmis  eoune  be  pursued* 
Our  tinistanne  would  be  necessary 
to  avert  the  wicked  enforcement  c^ 
principles  contrary  to  the  lawc^ 
aatiow^  and  repugnant  to  every 
idea  of  national  iodq^denoe.  To 
ju4gB  of  the  prinajd^  nowavowed, 
let  any  man  read  patiently,  if  he 
could,  the  dedaiBBtions  in  the  potea 
of  Buwiai  Prussia,  and  Austria; 
to  prodnce  any  thing  more  prqpos* 
tevDua,  mi^e  abMrd,  more  extrava^ 
ganty  more  nalculated  to  excite  a 
mixed  feeling  of  disgust  and  de- 
rision, would  baffle  any  chancery 
or  state^paper  office  in  Europe. 
In  the  note  irom  the  minister  of 
his  Prussian  majesty,  the  re^e^ab- 
lidunenl  of  the  Coortes  cf[  1812  t^as 
thusdescribed—^' which,  confounds 
ingall  elaments,  and  all  power,  and 
sannning  only  the  single  principle 
of  a  permaneot  and  legal  oppo* 
sition  against  the  government, 
myrmnriJy  destrcgred  that  central 
and  tutelary  authority  which  con-* 
stitates  the  essence  of  the  mot 
oarclrifal  qrstem/'  The  emperor 
of  Kuasia,  ii|  terms  not  less  strong, 
catted  the  (xmititutioiml  goyera* 


ment  of  the  Cortefj  ^^laws  which 
the  public  reason  of  EuropQ^  en* 
lightened  by  the  ex^rience  of  all 
QfgBs,  stamped  with  its  dis^iproba* 
turn*"  Where,  in  the  conservative 
(jiaracter  of  keeper  of  the  peace  of 
Europe,  did  his  imperial  m^^ty 
disoover,  that  the  constitution  ^ 
Spain  had  been  stamped  with  the 
diswprobation  of  the  public  reasoi^ 
qf  Europe?  The  '^ public  reason, 
of  Europe,  enlightened  by  the  ex« 

r'ence  of  sJl  a^,"'  happened  to 
that  of  his  unperial  m^yesty 
himself  for  the  last  ten  years ;  far^ 
notwithstanding  that  he  had  the 
^  esqperience  ct  all  ages"  before 
his  eyes,  he  did  in  th^  year  ISli 
enter  into  a  treaty  with  Spain, 
vnth  the  same  Cortes,  tho  same 
constitution,  not  one  wind  of  which 
had  been  changed  up  to  the  present 
boor ;  and  in  that  treaty^  the  em* 
perar  of  all  the  Russias,  usins  the 
very  word  by  which  he  ax)a  hii 
allies  would  themselves  be  de-» 
signated^-»the  word  by  the  abufe 
of  which  they  were  known  ■  caUed 
the  Spanish  f^yernment  of  the 
Cortes  ^'a  legitimate  government." 
But  not  only  was  the  conduct  of 
the  allies  inconsistent  with  the 
treaties  of  aome  anvmg  them  with 
Spain ;  their  [nrinc^e  of  interfere 
enoe  was  wholly  at  varianoe  evei^ 
with  treaties  recently  made  amongst 
themselves.  By  the  4th  article  of 
the  treaty  of  Aix*la^Ch^elk,  dated 
in  November  1818,  it  was  laid 
down,  that  a  special  congress  might 
be'  held  from  time  to  tune  on  the 
affiiirs  of  Europe,  or,  to  use  the 
words,  and  borrowing  the  hypo* 
critical  cant  of  their  predecessorS| 
the  three  powers  who  basely  par* 
titioned  Poland — who,  while  they 
despoiled  a  helpless  nation  of  its 
independence,  kept  preaching  about 
the  quiet  of  Europe,  the  int^pty 
of  its  statesi  and  the  moislity  aqd 


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happiness  of  their  people^  and  talked 
daily  about  their  desire  of  calm  re- 
pose>  the  atmosphere  in  which  des* 
potism  loved  to  breathe^  but  which 
an  ancient  writer  had  eloquently 
painted)  when  he  called  it  the  still- 
ness of  desolations-following  the 
vile  cant  of  their  ancestors,  the  allies 
declared)  at  Aix-la*Chapelle)  that 
their  object  was,  to  secure  the  tran- 

n"lity  of  Europe — ^that  their  fun- 
ental  principle  should  be,  never 
to  depart  from  a  strict  adherence 
to  the  law  of  nations :  ''  faithful 
to  these  principles,"  (continued 
this  half-sermon,  half-romance, 
and  half-state-paper)  "  they  would 
only  study  the  happiness  of  their 
people,  the  progress  of  the  peaceful 
arts,  and  attend  carefully  to  the 
interests  of  morality  and  religion, 
of  late  years,  unhappily  too  much 
ne^ected."^ — Alexander  here  fol- 
lowed the  example  of  the  auto- 
cratrix  Catherine — ^who,  having, 
wasted  and  pillaged  Poland,  pro- 
vince af^  province,  poured  hordes 
of  her  barbarians  into  the  capital, 
and  there,  from  the  rising  of  the 
sun  to  the  going  down  thereof, 
butchered  the  unoffending  inhabi- 
tants, unarmed  men,  and  women, 
and  infants ;  and,  not  content  with 
this  work  of  undistinguishing 
slaughter,  af^er  the  pause  of  the 
night  had  given  time  for  cooling, 
rose  on  the  morrow,  renewed  the 
carnage,  and  continued  it  through 
out  that  day ;  yet,  after  this,  or- 
dered a  Te  Deum  to  be  sung,  to 
return  thanks  for  her  success  over 
the  enemies  of  Poland,  and  in  the 
midst  of  these  most  horrible  out- 
rages upon  every  feeling  of  human 
nature,  issued  a  proclamation,  in 
which  she  assured  the  Poles,  that 
she  felt  towards  them,  "the  so- 
licitude of  a  tender  mother,  whose 
heart  is  only  filled  with  sentiments 
gf  kindnefls  for  cdl  ber  children," 


Who  could,  or  who  dared,  doubt, 
that  she  was  all  she  so  described 
herself;  and  who  could,  after  the 
experience  of  the  last  year,  dispute 
the  le^timate  descent  of  the  allied 
powers,  and  the  purity  of  their  in- 
tentions towards  Spain?  But,  along 
with  this  declaration  of  the  object  cJf 
fnture  congresses,  came  a  stipula- 
tion, wliich  he  should  like  to  see 
some  man  versed  in  the  manufuv 
tory  of  state-papers,  compare  with, 
and  reconcile  to,  the  notes  fashioned 
at  Verona,  probably  by  the  very 
hands  which  had  produced  the 
treaty  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.  The 
stipulation  was  this : — "  Special 
congriesses  concerning  the  affiiirs  of 
states  not  parties  to  this  alliance, 
shall  not  take  place,  except"  (and 
how  had  Spain,  which  was  no 
party  to  the  alliance,  brought  her- 
self within  the  exception)—''  ex- 
cept in  consequence  of  a  formal  in-  . 
vitation  from  such  states ;"— *'  and 
their  ambassador  shall  assist  at  sudi 
congresses."  Now,  the  inter- 
ference in  the  internal  affidrs  of 
Spain  was  not  only  not  "  by  spe- 
cial invitation"  from,  but  was  in 
downright  opposition  to,  the  will 
of  Spain.  Thus  stood  the  conduct 
of  those  holy  allies  diametrically 
opposed  to  their  own  professions 
and  engagements;  and  by  such 
means  was  the  attempt  now  made 
to  crush  the  independence  of  a 
brave  people ! — But  it  was  not  in  . 
the  case  of  Spain  alone,  that  the 
consideration  of  these  papers  was 
important — they  furnished  grounds 
of  rational  fear  to  all  independent 
governments ;   for  he   should  be  ^ 

f;lad  to  learn,  what  case  it  was/ 
upon  the  doctrines  now  advanced) ; 
to  which  this  principle  of  interfere' 
ence  might  not  be  extended.  The 
revolt  of  the  colonies  was  distinctly 
stated  by  these  armed  l^islators, 
as  one  ground  of  interpodtign ;  ait4 


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HISTORY  OF  EUROPE. 


[li 


they  kindly  ofiered  their  "inter* 
▼endon/'  to  restore  this  great 
branch  oi  *^  the  strength  of  Spain." 
There  was  no  end  of  the  occasions 
for  interfering  which  they  took. 
One  was  rather  alarming — ^the  ac- 
cident of  a  sovereiffli  having  weak 
or  bad  ministers.  Russia,  forsooth, 
was  anxious  to  see  Ferdinand  sur- 
rounded with  '^  the  most  enlighten- 
ed, the  most  faithful  of  his  subjects" 
—men  "  of  tried  integrity  and  su- 
perior talents:"  So  that,  according 
to  these  wise  men  of  Verona  (and 
this  was  a  consideration  which 
should  be  looked  to,  in  some  other 
countries  as  well  as  Spdn),  the 
eiustence  of  an  inefficient  or  un- 
principled administration,  would 
be  of  itself  a  just  sround  of  inter- 
ference.  The  prmciple  did  not 
stop  hexe :  "  ruinous  loans,"  formed 
another  ground^  and  "contribu- 
tions unceasingly  renewed ;" 
"  taxes  which,  for  year  after  year, 
exhausted  the  public  treasures  and 
the  fortunes  of  individuals."  To 
complete  all  the  charges  against 
I^Mun,  tlie  Russian  emperor  mush- 
ed his  invective  with  the  awful  as- 
sertion, that,  on  the  7th  of  July, 
"blood  was  seen  to  flow  in  the 
palace  of  the  king,  and  a  civil  war 
laged  tliroughout  the  peninsula." 
It  was  true,  that  a  revolt  had  been 
excited  in  some  of  the  provinces. 
But  by  whom?  By  an  ally;  by 
those  cordons  of  troops,  which  were 
posted  on  the  Spanish  frontier, 
armed  with  gold  and  with  steel, 
and  affording  shelter  and  assistance 
by  force,  to  those  in  whose  minds 
disaffection  had  been  excited  by 
bribery.  It  was  also  true,  that 
blood  had  been  shed.  But  how, 
and  under  what  circumstances?  A 
few  persons  were  killed,  who  had 
first  attacked  the  constitutionalists; 
in   other   words,    who    mutinied 

Pfainf^  ^  established  goveni^ 


me^t.  As  well  might  he  accuse 
the  people,  the  parliament,  and  the 
crown  of  England,  of  causing 
"  blood  to  flow  m,  the  palace  of  the 
king,"  for  ordering  the  sentinels  to 
fire  on  any  person  whom  they 
might  find  attempting  to  assassi- 
nate the  soverei^,  as  accuse  the 
Spaniards  of  such  a  crime,  for  the 
events  which  happened  in  July 
1822. — Many  other  heavy  charges 
were  leveUed  at  the  Spaniards,  in 

Ehrasesof  terrible  import,-<-a8  "  Lar- 
ouring  a  disorganized  philosophy," 
"  indu&ing  in  dreams  of  fallacious 
liberty,  and  the  want  of  "  vener&» 
Ue  and  sacred  right8,"^with  which 
the  Prussian  note  was  loaded  to 
repletion  That  of  Russia  objected 
to  the  Spaniards  their  want  of  the 
"true  conservative  principle  of 
social  order;"  or,  in  other  words, 
of  despotic  power,  in  the  hands  of 
one  man,  for  his  own  benefit,  at 
the  expense  of  all  mankind  be- 
sides ;  and  their  not  falling  within 
the  scope  of  those  "  grand  truths," 
which,  though  they  were  ever  in 
their  mouths,  were  no  where  ex- 
plained by  any  one  of  the  three 
sovereigns.  The  Austrian  note 
discoursed  largely  of  "the  solid 
and  venerable  claims"  which  the 
Spanish  nation  had  upon  the  rest 
of  Europe:  prayed  it  to  adopt  a 
better  form  of  government  than  it 
bad  at  present ;  and  called  upon  it 
to  reject  a  system  which  was  at 
once  "powerful  and  paralyzed." 
Monstrous  and  insolent  and  utterly 
unbearable,  as  all  these  state-papers 
were,  he  considered  that  of  Russia 
to  be  more  monstrous,  more  inso- 
lent, and  more  prodigiously  beyond 
all  endurance,  than  the  rest.  It 
was  difficult  to  determine  whicb 
most  to  wonder  at — the  marvellous 
incongruity  of  her  language  and 
conduct  now,  with  her  former  most 
SQlenm  treaties  j  9X  the  incrediblQ 


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12]       ANNUAL  RBGISTEtl>  1823. 

|n!^Q8UXBption  of  her  staadiiig^  f(xr- 
wardio  lead  the  tigaremou,  upon 
tlie  mdepehdetice  ^all  free  and' 
polished    states.  .Grackms   God!' 
ttuflsim  I— «  power  that  was  only^ 
half  chilircd-i-that;  with  all  her 
colom^  Amsi  of  phyneal  strength/ 
was  still  quite  as  much  Asiatic  as 
European— whose  principles  of  po- 
licy,' foreign  and  domestic,   were 
completely   despotic,    and   whose 
praetioes  were    almost  altogether 
oriental    and  barbarous!    In  all 
these  documents,  there  was,  with  a 
nighty  number  of  general  remarks, 
mixed  up  a  wondrous  affectation  of 
honest  priiiciple8-«a  great  many 
words  ooveHng  ideas  t^t  were  not 
altcWBther  dw  and  intdligible; 
or,  fftbey  happened  to  be  so,  only 
{dacing  their  dwn  deformity  in  a 
inore  mdeous  and  detestaUe  lisht: 
but,  for  argument,  or  any  thing' 
like  it,  there  was  none  to  be  found 
ftom  the  beginning  to  the  end  of 
them.     They  reasoned  not;   but 
they  spoke  one  plain  language  to 
Spun  and  to  Europe,  and  that  lan- 
guw  waM^^^We  hdve   100,000 
hired  mercehkneflf,  Bx^d  we  will  not 
stoop  to  reason  with  those  whom 
we  have  determined  to  crush  as 
daves,  or  annihilate  as  freemen." 
Admirable  was  the  frankness,  with 
which  ^lis  haughty  language  had 
been  met  by  the  Spanish  govern- 
ment :    the  papers  which  it  had 
sent  forth  were  plain  and  laconic ; 
they  said: — "We  are  millions  of 
freemen,  and  will  not  stoop  to  rea- 
son with  men  who  threaten  to  en- 
shve  us."     They  hurled  back  the 
threat  to  the  quarter  fitnn  which 
it  issued,  caring  little  whether  it 
was  frbtn  the  Goth,  the  Hun,  or 
the  Calmuck ;   with  firmness  they 
met  the  craft  of  the  Bohemian, 
and  widi  courage  the  savage  fero- 
dty  of  the  Tartar.    If  they  found 
leagued  against  them  the  tyrants. 


by  whon^  the  world  was  at  present 
mfested,  they  might  dmsole  them- 
selves   with  this  reflection^-that 
wherever  there  was  an  En|^ish« 
man,  either  of  the  old  worid  or  of 
Ae  new-— wherever  there  was  af 
Frenchman,  with  the  exception  of 
that  little  band  whidi  now  swayed- 
die  destinies  of  France«n  opposi^ 
don  to  the  wishes  and  interests  of 
its  gallant  and  liberal  population--^ 
wherever  there  was  a  free  heart  or 
virtuous  mii^d,  there  Spain  had  a 
natural  and  an  unalienaUe  friend. 
Mr.  Brouffham  went  pn  to  ex-* 
press  his  adnuradon  of  the  minffled' 
nrmness  and  forbearance  exhilnted' 
by  the  Spanish  government,  which, 
among  so  -many  provocations,  had 
disdained  to  retaliate  on  its  inaoli* 
ing  enemies  by  eiving  utterance  to 
accusations  whidi  might  have  been 
made  against  them.     When,  said 
he,    the    allied    monarchs    were 
pleased  to  adopt  a  system  of  in-' 
terforence  with  the  internal  policy 
of  Spain — when  they  thou^t  fit 
to  descend  to  minute  and  pakry' 
criticisms  upon  the  wh(^  course 
of  her  domestic  government-— when 
every  sentence  in  their  respective 
notes  was  a  direct  personal  insult 
to  every  individual  Spaniard,  and' 
when  the  niost  glaring  attempts 
were  made  in  dieir  difierent  mani" 
festos  to  exdte  rebellion  in  die 
country,  and  to  stir  up  one  dass 
of  the  community  against  the  odier : 
what  would  have  been  more  natu-^ 
ral  for  the  Spanish  government, 
than  to  have  asked  his  Prussian: 
™*jesty,  to  remember  die  ipaiiy 
vows  and  promises  whidi  he  had, 
made  some  years  ago  to  his  own 
people,  and  to  have  suggested  to 
him,  that  it  would  be  more  con- 
sistent with  those  promises  to  give 
his  subjects  a  representative  form 
of  eovemment,  .than  tq  maintam 
at  tiaeir  cost,  and  idmoat  to  dieir 


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Bttcfnifai^  a  Ittgt  sttadidg  atmy, 
far  the  poirpQse  of  rafsgiiig  the 
tcnitOTies,  or  putting  &wn  the 
UbMtiefly    of    any    neighbouring 
power  ?      Mi^  not  Spaia  have 
tiked  the  emperor   of  Austm> 
whether  he,  who  nowpretended  tto 
.be  io  just,  when  the  interests  of 
•Fetdinind   #ere  coneemed,   had 
acted  with  equal  jusdce  towards 
tithers  ?     Whether,  before  he  was 
generous  to  Ferdinand,  he  oiight 
not  to  be  just  to  England,  and 
-teoKf  to  her  Ae  whole,  at  a  con- 
•snerabib  part  of  the  20  millions 
Jie  had-borrewed'ftf  her  in  his  di^ 
•of  djiteem     If  thd  doctrine  of  iii< 
'teifbrence  in  the  intemid  oonoems 
•cf  neighbouiing  nations  were  at  all 
adniittod,*^what  could  hare  been 
more  rightful,  in  a  free  people, 
than  to  have  asked  him,  how  it 
himpeiied,  that  his  dungeons  weve 
filbd  with  all  that  was  noUe,  and 
.aodomplished,  and  Tirtuous,   and 
.patriotic    in    the    Milanese  ?*«-*to 
•haTB  called  on  him  to  acooont  for 
-the  innocent  blood,  which  he  had 
shed  in  the  north  of  Italy  ?<^to 
have  required  at  his  hands  8Bti»- 
fiiction  fbr  tiie  tortures  inflicted  in 
the  vaults  and  caverns,  where  the 
flower  Off  his  subjects  were  now 
languishing— to  have  demanded  of 
•kJm  aome  explanation  of  that  iron 
pfdioy,  by  which  he  had  consigned 
iiiihen  of  families,  the  most  vir- 
tuous and  exalted  in  Europe,  not 
to  exile  or  death,  but  to  a  merciless 
unpiiauument  for  ten,  fifteen,  and 
.twenty  years — nay,  even  for  life, 
without  a  knowledge  of  the  charae 
against  them,  or  of  the  crime  for 
which  they  were  punished  ?    Even 
the  emperor  Alexander   himself, 
tender  and  sensitive  as  he  was  at 
the  sight  of  blood  flowing  within 
the  precincts  of  a  royal  palaoe^^ 
sig^t  so  monstrous,  that,  if  his  lan- 
guage GOuM  be  credited,  it  had 
never  be&ve  been  seen  ia  the  his- 


toty  of  the  wotld— aren  he' ini|^ 
have  been  reminded  of  passages  in 
.history,  calculated  to  lessen  Us  a^^ 
•  tonishment,  at  least,  if  not  to 
soothe  his  feelings ;  for  the  empe- 
Mr  Alexander,  if  the  aonab  of 
Russian  ^tory  might  be  trusted, 
•however  pure  in  himsdf,  and how« 
ever  happy  in 'always  having  agents 
equally  innocent,  was  nev^thdess 
descended  froih  am  iMusirious  line 
of  ancestors,  who  had,  with  exem- 
plary uniformity,'  dethroned,  inb- 
prisoned,  and  slau^tered,  hu^ 
bands,  brothers;  and-  children. 
Not  that  those  enormities  were 
to  be  imputed  to  the  parentSi  or 
sisters,  or  consorts;  but  it  did 
happen,  that  those,  exalted  and 
near  relations  had  never  failed  to 
reap  the  whole  benefit  of  the 
atrocities,  and  had  always  failed  to 
bring  die  perpetrators  to  justice. 
It  was,  however,  painAiI  to  find, 
that  a  monarch,  so  enliahtened  as 
the  king  of  France  had  shown  him- 
self on  varbus  occasions  to  be, 
should  have  yielded  obedience,  even 
for.  a  time,  to  the  arbitrary  man- 
dates of  this  tyrannic  Junta.  He 
had  been  peraaiaded  by  them  and 
by  the  parasites  by  whom  he  was 
at  present  surrounded,  to  tell  the 
world,  that  it  was  from  the  hands 
of  a  tyrant  alone  that  a  free  people 
eould  hoid  a  constitution.  That 
accomplished  prince  could  not  but 
be  aware,  that  all  the  wise  and 
good  men  of  former  times  dtfnsred 
with  him  in  Opinion  ^  upon  this 
point  "  Non  in  ulla  dvitate,  nisi 
m  qua  somma  potestas'populi  est^ 
uUum  domiciHum  libertas  habet." 
Suc^  was  the  Ifinguoge  of  Cicero ; 
of  one,  who  to  .the  wisdom  of  a 
great  philosopher,  added  the  expe* 
rience  of  a  great  statesman,  and 
who,  living  in  times  of  danger, 
and  of/  mfflealty>  and  having 
to  contend  with  the  most  formic 
dableoonq^iraay  to  which  the  lift 


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14]       ANNUAL  REGISTEH.    1823. 


and  liberty  of  social  man  were  ever 
exposed,  put  forth  only  the  visour 
of  his  own  genius,  and  of  the  Jaw, 
and  never  bought  of  calling  into 
his  assistance  the  Allobroges,  the 
Teutones,  or  the  Scythians  cf  his 
day  ;  "  and  I  now  say,"  continued 
Mr.  Brou^iam,  ^*  that  if  the  king 
of  France  calls  on  either  the  modem 
Teutones  or  the  modem  Sc3rthians 
to  assist  him  in  this  unholy  war, 
judgment  will   that   moment  go 
forth  against  him  and  his  family, 
and  the  dynasty  of  Gaul  will  be 
changed  at  once   and   for  ever." 
The  kamed  eentleman  then  asked, 
what  were  £e  grounds  on  which 
the  necessity  of  this  war  was  de- 
fended.    It  was  said  to  be  under- 
taken, because  an  insurrection  had 
broken  out  with  success  at  Madrid. 
He  denied  this  to   be  the   iact. 
What  was  called  an  insurrection, 
was  an  attempt  to  restore  the  law- 
ful constitution  of  the   country. 
Let  the  pretext,  however,  be  what 
it  might,  the  real  cause  of  the  war 
was  not  hard  to  conjecture.     It 
was  not  from  hatred  to  Spain  or 
Portugal,    considered    simply    as 
Spain  and  Portugal,  that  the  allied 
sovereigns  were  for  marching  their 
hordes  into  the  Peninsula — ^it  was 
not  against  freedom  on  the  Ebro, 
or  freedom  on  the  Mindo,  that  they 
were  making  war:    no,   it  was 
agednst  freedom  in  the  abstract — 
wnerevCT^t  was  to  be  found — ^by 
whatever  men  it  was  enjoyed — ^by 
whatever  checks  it  was  secured — 
and  by  whatever  safeguards  it  was 
guaranteed.    Freedom  was  the  ob- 
ject of  their  most  inveterate  hate, 
and    against  freedom  they  were 
ready  to  employ  every  species  both 
of  fraud  and  force.    They  dreaded 
its  institutions — ^they  abhorred  its 
spirit;  all  the  benefits  which  it  had 
conferred  upon  mankind,   all  the 
monuments  which  had  been  raised 
in  iti  honour^  all  the  miracles 


which  had  been  eflfected  by  its  in« 
fiuenoe,  they  hated  with  the  ma- 
lignity of  demons ;  for  they  were 
compelled  to  fear,  and  tremUe  at 
the  very  sound  of  its  name.     It 
was  on  this  account,  that,  disguise 
it    as    they    might,    they    could 
feel  no  real  friend^p  for  Great 
Britain.      It    was   idle    to    sup>- 
pose  that  these  armed  critics  could 
be  bounded  in  their  views  by  any 
limits  of  time  or  of  country.     If 
there  were  any  portion  of  territory 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  empe- 
ror Alexander,  which  appeared  pe- 
culiarly suited  to  his  views,  would 
he  not  soon  be  able  to  discover 
some  flaw  in  its  political  institutions 
requiring  his  intervention,  suppo- 
sing it  even  to  be  a  part  of  the 
Turkish   government?      Nay,    if 
his  imperial  majesty,  with  his  con- 
sistory of  tyrants  and  armed  critics, 
were  met  by  the  Ulemah,  with 
all  his   tribe   of  learned  Muf^, 
pleading  that  their  government  was 
of  the  most  sacred  and  venerable 
description — ^that  it  had  antiquity 
in  its  favour — that  it  was  in  full 
possession   of    "  the  conservative 
principle  of  social  order"— that  it 
was  "  replete  with  grand  tmths," 
— that  it  was  "powerfhl  and  para- 
lysed"— ^thatithad  never  listened 
to  ''  the  fatal  doctrines  of  a  dis- 
organised philosophy,"  and  that  it 
Ym.  never  been  visited  by  any  such 
things  as   ''dreams  of  falkdous 
liberty;"  still  these  "three  gen- 
tlemen of  Verona"  would  not  turn 
away,  but  would  pry  about  for  an 
avenue  by  which  to  enter  into  the 
territory  in  question,  and  if  they 
could  not  find  a  way,  would  not  be 
very  scrupulous  about  making  one ; 
and  the  result  would  be,  that,  in 
three  months  from  the  time  of  de- 
liberation, the  emperor  Alexander 
would  be  at  Constantinople,  or  at 
Minorca;   and   that  Austria  and 
Pxussid  would  be  invited  to  look 


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[16 


&r  an  indemnity  in  any  thing  that 
En^and,  or  the  king  of  En^and^ 
mi^t  have  to  suit  them.  Resis- 
tance to  this  bond  of  congregated 
despots  was  a  matter  of  duty,  and 
the  duty  of  Engjland  was  in  con- 
sequence plain.  It  beli^oved  us, 
howeyer,  to  take  care  that  we  did 
not  rush  blindly  into  a  war.  An 
appeal  to  arms  ought  to  be  the  last 
alternative  we  should  try;  but  still 
it  ou^t  never  to  be  so  foreign  to 
our  9u)ughts  as  to  1)0  conceived 
impoBsihle,  or  so  foreign  from  oiu: 
counsels  as  to  take  us  unprepared. 

The  thunders  of  applause  from 
both  sides  of  the  House,  with  which 
this  speech  was  received,  and  which 
ccmtinued  for  some  minutes  after 
Mr.  Brougham  sat  down,  gave  a 
most  unequivocal  attestation,  both 
of  the  unanimous  sentiments  of  the 
House,  and  of  the  oratorical  power 
which  produced  so  strong  a  mani- 
festation of  f  hem.  Sir  Francis  Bur- 
dett,  sir  J.  Mackintosh,  and  Mr. 
Demnan,  fbllowed  on  the  same 
ade,  but  with  infinitely  less  effect. 

Mr.  Canning,  not  having  as  yet 
been  elected  and  retiuned  a  mem- 
ber of  the  House,  was  not  present 
at  the  discussion.  Mr.  Peel  was 
the  only  one  of  the  ministers  who 
Roke.  He  regretted,  that  Mr. 
Brougham  shoidd  have  used  too 
strong  expressions,  and  toosarcastic 
a  severity  against  powers  who  were 
in  alliance  with  us,  and  who  did 
not  deserve  the  sweeping  invective 
with  which  they  had  b^  loaded. 
The  recent  conduct  of  Russia  to- 
wards Turkey  proved  the  injustice 
of  the  accusation  respecting  the 
spirit  of  aggression  by  whi(m  she 
was  animated :  for  nothing  could 
be  more  manifest,  than  that  her  po- 
licy of  late  had  been  marked  by 
the  greatest  forbearance,  and  by  a 
deare  rather  to  avoid  than  to  pro- 
mote war. 


With  respect  to  the  Spanish 
question,  the  right  hon.  gentleman 
spoke  to  the  same  purport  as*lord 
Liverpool  did  in  the  House  of 
Lords;  though  upon  the  whole, 
with  even  more  reserve,  and  greater 
caution  of  language.  He  thought, 
that  the  grounds  assigned  by  France 
for  her  interference  were  not  ade- 
quate ;  but,  supposing  himself  to 
be  a  Frenchman,  he  could  not  teU 
in  what  light  the  question  might 
then  present  itselC  There  was 
still,  he  conceived,  a  chance,  that 
peace  might  be  preserved :  andour 
duty  was,  to  maintain  a  strict 
neutr^ty,  and  to  mediate  between 
angry  parties,  so  as,  if  possible,  to 
prevent  the  commencement  of  a 
war,  the  termination  of  which  no 
man  could  foresee. 

The  Address  was  carried  una- 
nimously. 

The  favourable  feelings  express- 
ed by  the  ministers  towfuds  Spain, 
and  the  still  greater  liberality  of 
sentiment  so  unequivocally  mani- 
fested in  the  House  of  Commons 
by  the  enthusiastic  reception  of 
Mr.  Brougham's  sarcastic  eloquence 
and  vehement  invective,  produced 
general  satisfaction  throu^out  the 
country,  and  excited  deep  atten- 
tion in  every  part  of  Europe.  At 
Madrid,  the  intelligence  of  the  dis- 
cusssion  was  received  with  exulta- 
tion ;  the  speeches  of  lord  Liver- 
pool and  Mr.  Brougham  w^re 
translated  into  Spani£,  and  were 
widely  circulated,  wherever,  either 
in  the  old  world  or  the  new,  that 
language  was  spoken.  Their  effect 
at  Paris,  was  no  less  visible  in  the 
terms  of  dislike  and  disrespect 
with  which  lord  Liverpool,  and 
still  more  Mr.  Canning,  were  men- 
tioned in  the  Chamber  of  Depu- 
ties, by  the  violent  partisans  of 
Vill^le  and  Chateaubriand. 


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16]     ANNUAL  REGISTl^B,  1823. 


CHAP.  II, 

*  Timporarff  napentian  of  DUeuishm  inParUdmnif  on  the  tf4§oHa' 

tum$  retatwe  U  Soaii^-^QuestiaM  put  to  the  Minittere  by  Lord 

Lansdotvh  and  Mr.  Brougham — Removal  of  the  PnAibkion  of  the 

Exforiatton  qf  Arms  to  Spaiti^Papers  relating  to  the  Negotia-- 

turns  Oh  the  Spanish  Question,  laid  before  Parliament^-Biinisterial 

eojposition  of  the  course  of  Policy  which  the  EngUsh  Cabinet  had 

followed:   the  first  mention  of  diplomatic  discussion   relative  to 

Spain:  Proceedings  at  Verona:  Neaotiations  at  Paris:  our  cofm- 

munications  with,  and  advice  to,  the  Spanish  Oovemment :   our 

Proceedings  subseauent  to  the  publication  of  the  &>eech  oftheKina 

qf  France  at  the  Opening  of  the  Session  of  the  Chambers:  justifi' 

cation  of  a  Pacific  PoUcy-^MoHonf^  the  Repeal  of  the  Foreign 

Eniistment  BiUr— Debate  in  the  House  of  Lords  on  the  Negotiations 

relative  io  Spcdn:   an  Address,  disapproving  of  the  Conduct  qf 

Ministers^  moved  by  Lord  Ettenborough :  grounds  on  which  it  uhu 

supported;    amendment  moved  by  Lord  Oranvitte:    arguments 

aaainst  the  Address — Debate  in  the  House  of  Commons,  during 

three  nights,  on  the  Spanish  Negotiations :    th£  Address  moved  by 

Mr.  Macdonald,  ana  an  Amendment  to  it  by  Mr.  S.  Wortley  : 

&wcA  qf  Mr,  Wilbeiforce;    Speeches  of  the  Chancellor  of  the 

tlxchequer.  Sir  James  Mackintosh,  Mr.  Peel,  and  Sir  Frandi 

Burdett:  Mr.  Canning's  Speech;  excellence  (^ this  Speech:  Mr. 

Brougham* s  feeble  Reply  :  mancRuvre  of  the  Opposition  to  avoid  a 

Division  qfthe  House :  result  of  the  Division-^ubseqwnt  Motion 

of  Lord  Orey  in  the  House  of  Lords — General  state  qf  feeling 

with  respect  to  Spain  throughout  tlie  progress  of  the  Spanish  War, 

MIL  Canmng  took  hu  seat  on  ten  were  pursuing,  and  «  oonyic« 

thelSthof  February^asone  tion^  that,  as  the  parliament  and 

of  the  members  for  the  borousfa  of  people  of  England  had  already  ex* 

Harwich :  but,  for  some  weeu,  a  pressed  their  opinion  strongly  on 

silence  nearly  complete  was  ob*  the    subject,    further    discussion 

•erved    in    both    houses  on    the  would  only  be  injurious,  while  our 

relations     between    France    and  negotiations  continued    and    any 

Spain.     This  did  not  arise  irom  chsuice  of  peace  remained.     On 

indifierence;  for  the  public  mind  the  24th  of  February,  the  marquis 


all  along  fixed  with  eager  an-  of   Lansdown    inquired    of    lord 

xie^  on  the  issue  of  the  existing  Liverpool,  whether  there  was  any 

erisis :  but  there  prevailed  a  gene-  hopetiiat  hostilitiesbetween  France 

ral  feeling  of  confidence   in  the  and  Spain  would  be  averted.    Lord 

course  of  policy  which  our  minis*  Liverpool  stated  in  reply,  that  mat« 

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HISTORY  OF   EUROPE. 


[17 


ten  had  not  yet  arriyed  at  the 
pomt  wliicb  made  the  preservation 
ofpeaoeimpoesnile;  but  deprecated 
any  further  discussiony  as  the  ne* 
fodatkms  were  still  continued. 
He  added,  that  roedal  drcumstati- 
ees  had  occurred,  some  of  them 
▼ery  recently,  which  made  him 
more  averse  than  before,  to  enter 
more  fully  into  the  subject.  The 
forbearanoe,  which  parliament  had 
already  shown,  had  been  of  mate- 
rial advantage  to  the  ministers  in 
their  negotiations  with  foreign 
powers ;  and  that  forbearance,  he 
hoped,  would  be  extended  some- 
what longer.  The  marquis  of 
Lanadown  then  inquired,  whether 
the  country  was  perfectly  un* 
AarkM  as  to  the  course,  which, 
nnder  future  circumstances,  it 
ndg^t  be  necessary  to  ^pt  with 
a  view  to  its  own  interests  or 
honour.  Lord  Liverpool  replied, 
that  we  had  entered  into  no  en- 
gagement whatever  that  could  pre- 
vent us  from  following  any  path 
which  our  honour  or  interests 
nu^^t  prescribe. 

M.  de  Chateaubriand,  had, 
in  ofne  of  his  q^eeches,  asserted, 
dnt  the  prinaples  on  which 
Frmce  proceeded,  were  admitted 
even  by  Mr.  Canning;  and, 
in  proof  of  his  assertion,  he 
pretended  to  quote  some  passages 
from  the  ofl&dal  correspondence  of 
the  secretary  for  the  foreign  de- 
partment. On  the  28th  of  February, 
Mr.  Brougham  put  a  question  to 
Mr.  Canmng,  with  respect  to  the 
odour  given  to  the  foreign  policy 
of  the  British  ministry  in  that 
^eedi  of  M.  de  Chateaubriand's, 
ttid  more  particularly  with  respect 
to  a  pretended  quotation,  given  in 
it,  from  a  note  said  to  have  been 
written  by  the  right  hon.  secretary. 
Mr.  Canning  rq^ied,  that  the  ex- 
tracts were  not  fairly  given^  and 

Vol.  LXV. 


that  they  conveyed,  as  absolute, 
propositions  which,  in  hct,  were 
stated  with  a  quaHfication.  The 
right  hon.  sen  tleman  admitted,  that, 
the  grounds  of  hcming  for  a  con- 
tinuance of  peace  had  been  greatly 
diminished;  but  he  suggested,  that 
while  any  hope  remained,  it  would 
be  improper  to  make  a  complete  dis- 
closure of  all  the  circumstances  con- 
nected with  the  late  negotiations. 
Upon  the  conclusion  of  peace 
between  England  and  Spain,  in 
1814,  an  article  was  introduced 
into  the  treaty,  which  bound  thia 
country  not  to  furnish  succours  to 
the  South  American  colonies.  In 
1818,  the  de  facto  independence  o£ 
these  states  having  existed  for 
several  years,  neutrality  between 
them  and  the  mother  country  re- 
quired, either  that  the  prohibition 
diould  be  withdrawn^  or  that  it 
should  be  extended  to  both  parties. 
The  latter  course  was  the  one 
which  was  adopted.  But  it  was 
obvious,  that,  if  this  state  of  things 
were  to  remain  unaltered  upon  the 
eve,  and  during  the  continuance, 
of  a  war  between  France  and 
Spain,  the  latter  power  would 
be  exposed  ''to  no  small  in- 
convenience from  a  prohibition 
which  did  not  operate  upon  the 
former.  Accordingly,  when,  from 
the  tide  of  events,  war  became  pro- 
bable, his  majesty's  government 
stated  to  Spain,  that  there  were 
two  modes  in  which  the  difference 
between  theprivilegesof  France  and 

an  order  m  council ;  either  by  pro- 
hibiting the  exportation  of  arms 
and  ammunition  to  France,  or  by 
removing  the  prohibition  unon 
their  exportation  to  Spain;  but 
it  was  also  stated,  that  his  majest/s 
government  could  not  remove  that 
prohibition  as  it  rejected  Spain, 
without  renjoving  it  also  as  it  re« 
C 


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\9]       ANNUAL  REGISTER,    1823. 


Sj^ted-the  Soutb  Ameripan  cola* 
mes.  The  extension  of  the  pro-i 
hiUtion  to  France,  would  have 
been  a  prohibition  in  words  only 
and  not  xn  fact ;  for  the  vicinity  of 
the  Belgic  ports  would  have 
rendered  indirect  exportation  to 
France  ao  easy,  that  the  prohibition 
of  direct  exportation  would  have 
been  nugatory.  Our  government 
therefore,  anxious  to  preserve  a 
real  and  not  merely  a  seeming 
neutrality)  adopted  the  other  mode 
of  proceeding  and  issued  an  ovdot 
in  council,  taking  off  the  pro« 
l^bition  of  exporting  arms  and 
iMnmunition  to  Spain. 

On  the  26th  of  March,  lord 
Uverpool  gave  notice,  that  he 
would  on  3ie  Htb  of  April,  lay 
upon  the  table  of  the  House  the 
papers  relative  to  the  late  negotia* 
tions  on  the  state  of  affairs  between 
France  and  Spain.  The  interval  be* 
tween  this  con>munication  and  the 
day  appointed  for  the  production  of 
the  papers,  was  filled  up  by  the 
£)aBter  nolidays;  forbothliousesad** 
journed  to  the  10th  of  Ajpril, — the 
liords,  from  the  26th  of  March ; 
and  the  Commons,  from  the  27th. 
A  ridiculous  enough  attempt  was 
made  in  the  House  of  Commons 
to  abridge,  by  a  few  days,  the 
usual  duration  of  the  adjournment 
under  the  pretext,  that,  in  so  critical 
a  state  of  Europe,  the  sittings  of 
the  house  ought  not  tp  be  suspended 
SCI  long. 

On  the  14th  of  April,  the  diplo.. 
matic  papers,  relative  to  the  ne- 

f)tiations  on  the  relations  between 
ranee  and  Spain,  were  laid  befc^:^ 
parliament  ;•    in  the  House   of 

•  These  papers  (with  the  exceptloa 
of  werely  formal  commanicattons)  will 
be  found  Rmong:  the  Public  Do.'^uraents 
in  a  subsequent  part  of  thi«  volume. 
Mr,  Canning's  share  in  this  cliplotnatio 
correspondence    deserves    unqualified 


Peen^  by  l(»d  Livenwl,  and  in 
the  Commonly  by  Mr.  Canniiig* 
On  this  oeoasion,  these  two  leading 
members  of  the  cabinet  entered 
into  an  exposition  of  the  course  of 
conduct  wnich  had  been  pursued 
by  his  majesty's  govemmoitj  and 
of  the  pinciples  by  which  that 
conduct  had  been  guided.  When 
the  dufce  of  Wellij^ton,  said  Mr. 
Canning,  set  out  to  join  the  Con^ 
gress  of  Verona,  it  was  not  under- 
stood that  it  was  in  oontemplatioii 
to  discuss  at  that  meeting  the 
afiairs  of  Spain.  The  matter^  of 
which  it  was  expected  that  the 
Congress  would  take  cognizance 
and  to  which  the  preparation  of 
instruQtions  had  been  partic4ilarly 
directed,  was  the  state  of  affairs  in 
the  east  of  Europe,  and  the  eom^ 
plicated  transactions  between 
Russia  and  Turkey.  It  was  only 
on  his  arrival  in  Paris,  that  the 
duke  of  Wellington  found  that  the 
state  of  Spain  was  likely  to  occupy 
a  most  important  place  in  the  de- 
liberations of  the  Congress  at  Ve^ 
rona ;  and  he  instantly  applied  &r 
^oecific  instmctions  on  that  point. 
The  requisition  of  the  duke  of 
Wellington  (who  left  London^ 
within  about  forty-eight  hours 
after  Mr.  Canning  had  ac- 
cepted the  seals  of  the  foreign 
office)  was  dated  from  Paris  on 
the  21st  of  September;  and  the 
instSructions  transmitted  in  conse- 
quence were  in  the  followin|{ 
terms :— "  If  there  be  a  determined 
project  to  interfere  by  force  or  by 
menace  in  the  present  struggle  in 
Spain,  so  convinced  are  his  nu^jes- 
ty's  government  of  the  uselcssneag 
and  danger  of  any  such  interfp- 

praise  for  the  united  pcr8pi<*iity,  pre- 
risioOf  and  manly  elcgance»  with  which 
lie  states  the  principles  and  views  pf 
the  Epslish  cabinet. 


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[19 


mocty  so  ^kjeMonMB  does  it  m- 
potf  to  them  in  piinoipley  as  iiMl 
ss  utterly  impncticable  in  execu« 
lioOy  tluit  when  the  necessity  arises, 
or  (I  would  rather  say)  when  the 
epportunity  offen,  I  am  to  instruct 
yimr  grace  at  once  fVankly  and  pe- 
lemptorily  to  declare^  that,  to  any 
such  inteiferenee,  oome  what  may, 
his  -miyesty  wiU  not  he  party.* 
TheM  iDitmetions  did  not  go  into 
HMieh  detail,  and  admitted  no  quali- 
fieatkm;  they  were  positive  and 
peremptory,  and  ftrom  them  the 
duke  of  Wellington  never  for  one 
noment  swerved.  So  far  was 
^  Biitisli  government. at  diat 
timeftom  entertaining  any  idea  that 
a  proposition  of  a  nature  hostile  to 
Spain  would  be  made  by  France, 
^atthere  was  every  previous  reason 
fiir  believing,  that  France  would  be 
the  last  quarter  from  which  such 
a  pn^bition  would  come.  It  was 
a  natter  of  public  notoriety,  that 
the  king  of  France,  on  the  5{h.  of 
June,  declared,  in  aUuaion  to  the 
fiiroe  he  had  stationed  on  his  Py« 
renean  frontier,  that  the  precaution 
thns  adopted  had  kept  from  his 
provinces  a  contagion  which  had 
fivaged  a  great  part  of  Spain;  that 
with  the  same  object  only  he  meant 
to  maintain  the  forces  he  had 
stationed;  and  that  nothing  but 
ill«will  aind  calumny  could  find 
a  pretext  for  ascribing  to  this 
precautionary  measure  a  dif- 
fbrent  purpose.  Such  was  the 
statement  in  the  last  document 
France  had  issued  with  rela- 
tion to  the  affairs  of  Spain ;  and 
the  right  hon.  secretary  mentioned 
k  only  to  account  for  the  fact,  that 
die  instructions  of  the  Britidi  fto* 
remment  were  not,  in  the  first  m- 
stance,  framed  with  a  view  to  meet 
propositions  hostile  to  Spain  on  the 
iiart  of  the  French  government. 
When  the  Congress  of  Verona  met. 


and  when  the  propositions  of  the 
Filsnch  govomment  reeuding 
Spain  were  broudit  forwara,  they 
were  not  directed  to  a  hostile  ob- 
ject—they were  in  their  nature 
purely  dcdTensive,  conditional,  and 
hypothericaL  They  did  not  then 
eall  fbr  the  assistance  of  the  allies 
aeainst  Spain :  they  asked  merely 
-what  would  be  the  conduct  of  the 
allies  in  three  given  cases,  which 
all  presupposed  some  active  offence 
in  the  fint  instance  oh  the  part  of 
Spain.  To  these  inquiries,  an- 
swers were  civen  on  the  part  of  thre6 
of  the  contmental  powers,  profes- 
sing their  readiness  to  countenance, 
an^  if  necessanr,  to  support  France 
in  the  speciffed  cases.  The  British 
plenipotentiary  gave  no  such  an- 
swer. He  said,  that  he  was  pre- 
cluded from  entering  into  any  hy- 
pothetical engagement.  He  de- 
manded, before  he  was  called 
upon  to  give  even  a  hypothetical 
concurrence  to  a  hjrpothetical 
promise  in  a  hypothetical  case^ 
that  he  should  be  informed,  dis- 
tinctly and  practically,  what  of- 
fence Spain  had  actually  given  to 
France,  and  what  were  the  grounds 
of  future  offence  antidnated  by 
France.  The  congress  ot  Verona, 
during  the  weeks  of  its  sitting, 
discussed  the  question  in  all  its 
bearings;  but  the  language  of 
the  duke  of  Wellington  was  the 
same  on  the  last  day  of  meeting  as 
on  the  first— a  positive  refusal  to 
give  any  answer  to  the  inquirieg 
of  France — a  positive  refusal  to 
have  any  thing  to  do  with  inter- 
ference, by  force  or  menace,  in  the 
internal  {^fairs  of  Spain* 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  con- 
gress, the  three  great  Continental 
rowers  agreed  with  France  to 
transmit  to  their  ministers  at  Ma- 
drid several  despatches,  remon- 
j^ti^ting  with  Spain  on  the  state 

C2 


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20]      ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1823. 


of  her  institutions^  and  calling  for 
changes  in  them  as  the  price  of 
their  continued  friefidship  and  for- 
bearance. The  British  plenipoten- 
tiary, however,  declined  any  parti- 
cipation in  that  proceeding,  and 
declared,  on  the  part  of  his  sove- 
reign, that  all  he  cq^ld  do  would 
he,  to  continue  his  minister  at  Ma- 
drid when  the  others  were  with- 
drawn, in  the  hope  of  abating  the 
irritation  such  a  measure  must  oc- 
casion, and  of  preventing  the  evil 
by  friendly  counsel  and  assist- 
ance. 

So  broke  up  the  congress  at  Ve- 
rona. The  plenipotentiary  of 
France  left  it  to  return  to  Paris, 
to  consider  what  step  his  govern- 
ment would  take  more  in  advance 
than  the  rest  of  the  continental 
allies:  the  plenipotentiaries  of  the 
continental  allies,  to  prepare  their 
despatches  for  Madrid ;  the  British 
plenipotentiary,  to  renew  at  Paris 
the  remonstrances  he  had  ineffec- 
tually made  at  Verona,  and  in  the 
last  resort,  to  report  to  his  govern- 
ment his  disappointment,  if  disap- 
pointment it  should  he,  in  order 
that,  to  the  minister  at  Madrid 
instructions  might  he  sent,  to  dis- 
avow, on  the  part  of  this  country, 
any  participation  in  these  proceed- 
ings ;  but,  at  the  same  time,  to  ad- 
vise, and  strenuously  implore,  that 
the  slightest  excess  might  he  studi- 
ously avoided,  which  could  retro- 
spectively justify,  or  prospectively 
encourage,  the  war  threatened  by 
France. 

The  duke  of  Wellington  arrived 
at  Paris  ahout  the  beginning  of 
December.  The  French  govern- 
ment, far  from  being  in  a  more 
warlike  disposition,  were,  on  the 
contrary,  inclined  to  maintain  peace, 
and  di^osed  to  send  back  to  Ve- 
ronai  at  least  to  the  sovereigns 
who  had  not  then  actually  quitted 


that  city,  the  despatches  prepared 
for  Madrid,  and  to  entreat  them 
to  reconsider  the  contents  of  those 
despatches,  and  the  impropriety  of 
the  time  for  sending  them. 

Such  was  the  fest  report  re- 
ceived frwn  the  duke  of  Welling 
ton.  Up  to  this  period,  no  com- 
munication had  taken  place  be- 
tween this  country  and  Spain  oa 
the  subject  of  what  was  passing  at 
Verona ;  and  the  reason  why  no 
such  intercourse  had  occurred,  hy 
in  the  following  circumstances: 
Towards  the  end  of  the  last  session 
of  parliament,  a  loud  complaint 
had  heen  raised  in  this  country  re- 
specting the  state  of  our  commer- 
cial navigation  in  the  West  Indies. 
Pirate-vessels,  some  bearing  the 
flag  of  independent  colonies  of 
Spain,  and  others  of  Spain  herself, 
had  committed  the  most  grievous 
depredations  on  British  tirade,  to 
an  enormous  amount,  and  attend- 
ed with  circumstances  of  such  vio- 
lence and  crueltv,  as  to  call  for 
national  interposition.  Not  lone^ 
therefore,  after  parliament  rose,  it 
had  been  thought  necessary  by  the 
British  government  to  send  orders, 
and  therewith  an  armament,  to  the 
West  Indies,  to  take  into  our  own 
hands  that  redress  which  had  been 
in  vain  sought  by  representation 
and  remonstrance  at  Madrid.  Or- 
ders were  given  to  the  commander, 
in  the  event  of  the  owners  of  pi- 
rate vessels  continuing  to  And  re- 
fnge  on  the  shores  of  Cuba,  that, 
after  first  communicating  with  the 
Spanish  governor  of  the  island, 
and  asking  his  assistance,  he  should 
either  conjointly,  or,  upon  his  re- 
fusal, separately,  effect  a  landing 
in  Cuba,  and  root  out  the  nest  of 
marauders  that  infested  those  seas. 
Ahout  the  same  time,  pretensions, 
utterly  obsolete,  were  revived  by 
commanders  on  the  Spanish  main. 


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HISTORY  OP  EUROPE. 


[21 


to  declare  constructive  blockades  of 
the  whole  coast  of  what  was  Spa- 
nish America,  and  to  capture  all 
trading  vessels  that  should  pre- 
rame  to  violate  these  blockades. 
Many  instances,  recent  and  fla- 
grant, bad  occuixed,  in  which  the 
kws  of  these  blockades  had  been 
rigorouslj  carried  into  execution, 
and  outrages  of  the  same  sort 
had  been  continued,  more  or  less, 
for  many  preceding  years.  Al- 
most from  the  year  181^,  there 
lad  been  a  series  of  unanswered 
representations  of  unredressed 
grievances  preferred  to  the  Court 
of  Madrid,  which  it  was  at  length 
thought  expedient  to  bring  directly 
to  a  point.  That  justice  was  on 
the  side  of  tbe  British  complaints, 
BUgfat  be  inferred  from  the  cir- 
rtance,  that,  after  n^tiation,  re- 
dress was  finally  accorded;  and  that 
the  amount  of  the  grievance  was 
not  small,  might  be  gathered  from 
the  sum  which  the  Spanish  govern- 
ment itself  appropriated  to  the 
liquidation  of  the  claim,  being 
about  half  a  million  sterling.  The 
business,  on  which  sir  W.  A'Court 
(our  minister  at  Madrid)  was  first 
employed  there,  was  in  making 
th^  remonstrances,  and  in  de- 
manding redress.  He  was  to  com- 
municate to  the  Spanish  govern- 
ment— ^first,  the  instructions  with 
regard  to  Cuba;  and  secondly,  the 
fiffther  fact,  that  an  armament 
had  been  sent  to  the  West  In- 
dies, wiUi  orders  to  make  reprisals, 
if  our  maritime  rights  should  not 
he  observed.  Re£ess  was  pro- 
mised on  the  part  of  Spain,  and 
instructions  were  ac^rdmgly  sent 
out  to  sir  John  Owen.  Remon- 
strance having  been  once  made, 
redress  once  claimed,  and  satis- 
&ctian  accorded,  no  hostile  fettl- 
ing could  possibly  remain  on  the 
ptrt  of  this  country.    But  it  was 


not  in  the  midst  of  negotiations 
like  these,  that  it  would  have  been 
either  delicate  or  proper,  to  have 
entered  into  discussions,  or  made 
declarations,  of  the  part  Great 
Britain  was  taking  on  behalf  of 
European  Spain.  This  country  had 
pursued  two  courses  of  action : 
on  the  one  hand,  it  had  claimed 
of  Spain,  redress  for  injuries  in- 
flicted under  her  flag  in  South 
America ;  and  on  the  other,  she 
had  defended  Spain  against  an  in- 
vasion by  European  powers.  The 
British  government  well  knew, 
that  a  time  must  come,  when  a  dis- 
closure of  the  latter  course  might 
be  made  to  the  ministry  at  Ma- 
drid; and  by  a  coincidence  in  pcnnt 
of  time,  it  was  at  the  close  of  the 
Congress  at  Verona,  that  our  ne- 
gotiations for  redress  had  been 
brought  to  a  favourable  conclusion. 
Before  this  disclosure  of  the 
discussions  at  Verona  was  made 
to  Spain,  and  while  she  was  yet 
uncertain  what  steps  had  been 
taken  at  Congress,  an  application 
wasmade  on  the  part  of  the  Spanish 
government,  first,  to  ascertain  what 
Uie  precise  course  of  the  negotia- 
tions had  been ;  and  next,  to  in- 
terest tins  country  to  employ  her 
good  offices  for  the  maintenance  of 
peace.  In  making  this  request, 
pains  were  taken  to  make  it  ap- 
pear distinctly,  that  the  good 
offices  she  asked  were  not  in* 
consistent  with  the  most  strict 
neutrality.  She  asked  counsel  andl 
mediation  —  that  Great  Britain 
should  ofler  advice  to  one  fnend, 
on  behalf  of  another^i.  Upon  re- 
ceiving this  application,  his  majes* 
ty's  government  hesitated  not  a  mo- 
ment to  write  to  the  duke  of  Wi^* 
linffton,  then  expected  at  Farv, 
and  to  direct  his  gE«oe  ta  ofibr  to 
the  French  government  the  me- 
diation of  (mat  BritaiA  for  th^ 


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fuacdcable  settlement  of  the  disputes 
with  Spain*    The  French  govern* 
inent>  after  some  negotiation^  de* 
dined  the  offer  thus  made ;  stating 
as  the  reason^  that  the  grounds 
of    difiefence    between    France 
and    Spain    were    not    of    that 
distinct    and   definite    kind  that 
admitted  of  exact    speoification> 
and   practical  adjustment;    that 
they  grew   out   of  the  state  of 
things  in  which  the   two  king- 
doms found  themselves ;   and  out 
of  the  influence  which  what  Was 
passing  in  Spain  had  upon  the  in* 
ternal    tranquillity   of  his    most 
Christian     majesty's     dominions ; 
that  the  two  nations  had,  in  fact^ 
got  into  such  a  condition  towards 
each  other  of  reciprocal  jealousy 
and  irritation,   that>  rather  than 
submit  to  all  ihe  inconveniences  of 
such  a  situation,  war  would  be  the 
preferable  alternative,  as  afibrding 
at   least  some   ultimate   solution. 
He  (Mr»  Canning)  admitted,  that 
here  was  a  case,  in  which  we  might 
have   said   to  both   parties,    that 
without    something    more    sped* 
fie  on  either  side,   some  sensible 
and  tangible  cause  of  complaint 
-—some    exact    claim    of   redress 
on     the    part     of     the    country 
supposed    to    be    aggrieved  —  it 
would   be  better  for  us   not   to 
interfin^;    that  we  had  done  dl 
that  we  could  do  with  each  party; 
and  that,  as  our  efibrts  had  been 
attended  hitherto  with  no  success, 
we  begged  leave  to  withdraw  from 
further  interposition.  Such  a  course 
was  quite  open  to  the  British  flo« 
vemment :  but  as  every  thing  that 
was  stated  on  both  sides  was  ac- 
companied with  the  most  sdemn 
assurances  of  a  padfic  dispcnition  ; 
and  as  the    British    ministry  did 
entertain  an  alarm,  beyond  any  for- 
mer occasion^  of  the  danger  of  war, 
not  only  to  Spain  but  to  France^ 


and  thitnigh  France  to  Eurd^',  it 
became  a  question  very  material  to 
be  debated,  whether,  while  there 
remained  the  slightoit  dianoe  of 
success,  it  was  not  our  duty  to 
make  a  further  effort,  as  being  the 
only  power  through  whom  it  was 
possible  that  the  ^[brt  should  be 
made*  There  was  this  advantage 
in  the  present  situation  of  afiairs^ 
as  compared  with  the  state  of  £u** 
rope  at  the  opening  of  the  Con« 
gress  of  Verona— ^at  the  que»* 
tions  were  now  reduced  to  the  dif-* 
ferencesbetwecn  France  and  Spain. 
The  dispatches  fVom  the  tfareo 
continental  powers  had  been  sent ; 
their  ministers  had  been  with- 
drawn :  the  cases  foreseen  at  Ve- 
rona>  in  which  alone  the  powers 
were  bound  to  interpose  on  behalf 
of  France,  had  none  of  them  oo^ 
curred.  It  was  a  matter,  ther^ 
fore,  merdy  between  France  and 
Spain ;  and  it  was  for  this  coun« 
try  to  dedde,  whether  it  would  or 
would  not  take  a  step,  which  might 
preveint  the  occurrence  of  war, 
but  which  could  not  widen  the 
breach,  and  increase  the  danger. 
Under  these  circumstances,  his  ma- 
jesty's ministers  determined  to  in- 
terpose their  flood  offices  on  behalf 
of  Spain ;  and  their  anxiety,  in  so 
interposing,  was  to  distinguidi 
their  conduct,  not  only  fh>m  that 
which  the  continental  powers  in 
their  several  despatches  had  di»« 
played  towards  Spain— not  only 
from  that  which  France,  in  the 
speech  of  her  minister,  had  like- 
wise declared  her  detemdnadon  to 
pursue ;  but  to  distinguish  it  also, 
by  the  channd  through  which  it 
was  made,  from  every  spedes  of 
interference  that  did  not  proceed 
from  the  most  friendly  terms. 
The  channel  throueh  which  it 
was  made,  was  the  duke  of  Wd« 
lington« 


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Ahodt  Hie  fliim  week  of  JanUarjr, 
Lfird  FiUtoy  Somenei  quitted  tlus 
oouittrf  ^  with  a  confidential  com* 
nmnioiitum  fraai  his  Giace  to  the 
SpiiTiiali  guvenuneiit ,  and  this 
maaaure  waa  adopted,  in  the  hope, 
tkat  the  expressed  oninioos  of  bo 
disttftgoiihed  a  benefactor  of  the 
Spaaidi  nation  might  have  much . 
ii^uoiee  on  many  leading  Spani« 
ardst  who  had  been  hia  Grace's 
personal  friends  and  acquaintances. 
Not  many  weeks  (continued  Mr. 
Canning)  after  lord  FitJnroy  So« 
menet  had  set  out,  an  event  oc« 
tsantd^  which  shook  very  strongly 
our  hopes  of  bringing  about  any 
aceomniodation  between  the  go- 
vcmmenta  of  France  and  of  Spain 
"^ht  alluded  to  the  extraordinary 
speedi  with  which  the  French  mi« 
nisten  opened  the  chambers.  Of 
fke  ccmstniotion,  to  which  the 
words  of  that  speech  were  liablci 
snd  whieh  indeed  they  most  natu- 
mlly  bore,  there  was  not  a  man  in 
the  House,  who  thought  with 
mate  disgust  and  abhorrence  than 
he  (Mr.  Cacnnhig)  did.    If  that 

rdi  were  to  be  understood  in 
plain  meaning  of  the  words — 
damefy,  that  the  Spanish  people 
were  to  be  called  upon,  to  consent 
to  certain  modificaticms  in  their 
constitution,  not  because  it  was 
&ulty  in  itself,  or  dangerous  to 
noghbouring  states,  or  unsafe  even 
to  the  prince  who  ruled  by  it,  but 
because  it  was  not  an  emanation 
firmn  the  Crown-^-^it  was  clear,  on 
the  one  hand,  that  no  Spaniard, 
who  had  the  slightest  regard  to 
die  independence  of  his  country, 
ooold  consent  either  to  modify,  or 
to  heaor  a  modification  proposed  of 
that  constitution;  and  on  the  other, 
that  no  Briti^  statesman,  who 
valued  his  character  as  a  member 
of  a  free  state,  could  eitheir  think, 
er  h«r  of  his  couaiary  being  made 


a  pahy  to  negotiaticms  {afikepav 
pose  of  discussing  such  monstrous 
proposals*  Not  a  week,  no,  not 
even  a  day  was  lost,  in  conveying 
to  France  the  expression  of  these 
sentiments  on  the  part  of  the  Bri- 
tish government,  and  in  telling 
her,  that,  if  such  was  the  meaning 
of  the  speech  in  question, .  there 
was  an  end  to  all  further  negotia*- ' 
tions^  at  least  throii^h  a  British 
channel-*-that  the  prmciple  avow-* 
ed,  was  one,  which  a  British 
statesman  could  not  acknowledge, 
that  it  struck  directly  at  the  root 
of  the  British  constitution^-^md 
that,  as  it  could  not  be  accepted  as 
part  of  the  British  code  of  law,  it 
could  not  be  recommended  by  a 
British  statesman  to  the  acceptance 
of  any  other  people.  The  ministers 
of  France  were  likewise  told^  that 
as  Great  Britain  did  not  put  for^ 
word  her  own  political  institu- 
tions as  the  model  on  whieh 
those  of  other  states  were  to  be 
framed,  or  as  the  only  system  from 
which  national  freedom  and  hap« 
piness  could  flow,  so  neither  could 
she  allow  France  (whose  freedom 
and  happiness  she  did  not  envy^ 
though  they  were  described  to  arise 
from  a  constitution  odfoff^  from 
the  throne)  to  make  her  own  ex« 
ample  a  rule  for  other  nations, 
much  less  to  force  that  example 
upon  Spain,  in  virtue  of  the  con« 
sanguinity  of  the  reigning  dynas* 
ties  of  the  two  countries.  It  was, 
however,  added^  that  if  this  eon« 
struction  were  disavowed,  the  ne* 
gotiations  mi^t  still  continue. 
The  Frendi  government  did  suIh 
sequently  disavow  this  obnoxious 
construction,  and  adopted  another^ 
which  the  words  were  not  alto* 
gethcr  qualified  to  bear.  The  ne« 
gotiatbns  in  consequence  pro* 
ceeded ;  and  it  was  at  this  penod, 
that  ministera^  when  iatevtogatod 


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on  the  sabject  in  parliament^  had 
felt  iheouelvefl  hound  tot  declare, 
that  they  had  considerahle  hopes 
of  bringing  them  to  a  successful 
termination:  for^  however  sin* 
gular  and  extraordinary  it  might 
appear^  it  was  nevertheless  strictly 
tnie,  that  when  the  speech  of  the 
Idnff  of  France  was  communicated 
to  him  (Mr.  Canning)  by  the 
French  Charg^  d'Af&izes  in  this 
country,  it  was  accompanied  by 
more  profuse  assurances  of  the  de- 
sires of  the  French  government 
for  accommodation,  and  of  th^ 
wishes  for  the  good  services  of 
the  British  government,  in  pro- 
ducing that  accommodation,  uian 
had  ever  been  made  at  any  previous 
stage  of  the  transactions.  It  was 
not  surprising,  that  the  effect, 
which  the  French  government  had 
anticipated,  had  been  produced 
upon  the  British  government  by 
the  communications  which  they 
then  made  to  it ;  but  it  was  sur- 
priangy^that  the  French  govern- 
ment, by  some  strange  and  unac- 
countable delusion,  and  in  spite  of 
all  the  remonstrances  whidi  his 
majesty's  ministers  had  made  to 
them  on  the  subject,  should  have 
ever  thought,  and  indeed  should 
still  continue  to  think,  that,  in  pub- 
lishing the  document  which  they 
had  £me,  they  had  hit  a  choid 
which  could  not  fail  to  vibrate  at 
Madrid,  and  that  they  had  put 
forward  a  spedfic,  which  could  not 
fail  to  cure  all  the  evils  which 
prevailed  within  its  meridian. 

While  these  communications  were 
passing  between  Paris  and  Madrid, 
a  new  application  was  received 
from  the  Spanish  government, 
calling  for  a  more  active  employ- 
ment of  the  good  services  of  this 
country  in  producing  an  accom- 
modation with  France.  If  his 
mtge^^'s  minister9  bad  previously 


entertained  any  doubts  of  the  line 
of  conduct  which  they  ought  .to 
pursue,  that  application  would 
have  decided  them:  fdr^  under 
such  circumstances,  had  they  de- 
clined to  continue  their  interposi- 
tion, they  would  have  appealed  to 
be  setting  their  ovrp.  private  feel- 
ings in  opposition  to  the  judgment 
of  those  who  still  thought  tiieir 
interposition  worth  having.  The 
interposition  was  therefore  con- 
tinned;  but,  &om  that  time  forth, 
the  Britidi  ^vemment  took  no 
active  part  m  the  transactions. 
No  second  instructions  were  sent 
out  to  lord  Fttzroy  Somerset,  and 
he  in  consequence  left  Madrid. 
Sir  Wm.  A'Court,  being  three 
days  nearer  to  Paris,  and  the  du- 
plication of  three  days  in  the  oon^ 
veyance  and  return  of  the  corres- 
p(mdence  causing  the .  delay  of-  a 
week,  was  left  to  conduct  the  in- 
tercourse of  the  two  parties ;  and 
all  that  remained  for  him  to  do 
was,  to  state  to  each  party  the  pro- 
posals and  answers  of  the  odiec 
The  result  of  these  communica- 
tions was  a  total  failure  of  every 
endeavour  to  maintain  peace. 
After  this  failure  nothing  remained 
for  Great  Britain  to  do,  but  to  state 
fairly  to  each  party  the  line  of 
conduct  which  she  was  determined 
to  pursue,  in  a  state  of  things  so 
deplorable  for  the  tranquillity  of 
Europe.  From  the  beginning  to 
the  end  of  these  transactions  it  was 
regularly  stated  to  the  Spanish  go- 
vernment, that  we  would  do  all 
that  we  could  to  avert  a  war ;  but 
that,  if  war  should  unfortunately 
ensue,  it  was  not  to  be  supposed, 
that  our  anxiety  to  avert  it  was  to 
be  considered  as  the  measure  of  our 
determination  to  take  part  in  it, 
when  commenced.  To  France,  a 
formal  declaration  was  made  of  the 
course  of  fohfi^,  which  we  mfiaat 


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[26 


to  pursue  in  a  despatch  which  had 
beoi  tent  to  our  amhassador  at 
Pans,  after  all  hopes  of  an  ami- 
caUe  arrangement  had  ceased^  to 
he  by  hbn  communicated  to  M. 
Chateaubriand.  That  despatch, 
after  giving  a  history  of  the  nego- 
tiations, concluded  in  the  followmg 
manner:  — '^  It  remains  only  to 
describe  the  conduct,  which  it  is  his 
majesty's  desire  and  intention  to 
observe,  in  a  conflict  between  two 
nations,  to  each  of  whom  his  ma- 
jesty is  bound  by  the  ties  of  amity 
and  alliance.  The  repeated  dis- 
avowal^  by  his  most  Christian  ma- 
jesty's government,  of  aU  yiews  of 
ambition  and  a^randizement,  for- 
bids the  suspicion  of  any  desien  on 
the  part  of  France  to  establish  a 
permanent  military  occupation  of 
Spain;  or  to  force  his  Catholic 
majes^  into  any  measures,  dero- 
gatory to  the  independence  of  his 
Crown,  or  to  existing  relations 
with  other  powers.  The  repeated 
assurances^  which  his  majesty  has 
received^  of  the  determination  of 
Fianoe  to  respect  the  dominions  of 
lusmost  fiedthful  majesty,  relieve 
his  majesty  from  any  apprehension 
of  being  called  upon  to  fulfil  the 
bUigations  of  that  intimate  defen- 
sive connexion  which  has  so  long 
subsisted  between  the  Crowns  of 
Great  Britain  and  Portugal  With 
rmect  to  the  provinces  in  America, 
which  have  thrown  off  their  alle- 
giance to  the  crown  of  Spain)  time 
and  the  course  of  events  appear  to 
have  substantially  decided  their 
separation  from  the  mother  coun- 
try ;  although  the  formal  recogni- 
tion of  those  provinces,  as  inde- 
pendent states,  by  his  majesty, 
may  be  hastened  or  retard^  by 
various  external  circumstances,  as 
well  as  by  the  more  or  less  satis- 
SM^tory    progress,    in   each  state 

tgwwb  A  r^ular  and  9«tUed  fQrm 


of  government.  Spain  has  long 
been  apprised  of  his  majesty's  opi- 
nions upon  this  subject.  Disclaim- 
ing in  the  most  solenui  manner  any 
intention  of  appropriating  to  him- 
self the  smallest  portion  of  the 
late  Spanish  possessions  in  America, 
his  majesty  is  satisfied  that  no  at« 
tempt  will  be  made  by  France,  to 
bring  under  her  dominion  any  of 
those  possessions,  either  by  con- 
miest,  or  by  cession,  from  Spain. 
This  firank  explanation  upon  the 
points,  on  whidi  perhaps  alone  the 
possibility  of  any  collision  of  France 
with  Great  Britain  can  be  appre* 
bended  in  a  war  between  France 
and  Spain,  your  excellency  will 
represent  to  M.  de  Chateaubriand 
as  dictated  by  an  earnest  desire  to 
be  enabled  to  preserve,  in  that  war, 
a  strict  and  undeviatins  neutrality 
—a  neutrality  not  liab&  to  alter- 
ation towards  either  party,  so  long 
as  the  honour  and  just  interests  of 
Great  Britain  are  equally  respected 
by  both." 

Mr.  Canning,  after  his  exposi- 
tion of  the  course  which  govern- 
ment had  pursued,  entered  into  a 
justification  of  the  system  of  neu- 
trally which  had  been  adopted. 
He  Imew,  that  many  individuals  in 
this  country  thought  that  the  in- 
vasion of  Spain  by  a  French  force 
ought  to  be  considered  by  England 
as  a  declaration  of  war  against  her- 
self. But  war,  in  the  responsibi- 
lity of  those  who  had  to  make  it, 
ought  to  be  well  and  duly  weighed 
before  it  was  resolved  on;  the  cause 
of  it  should  not  merely  be  sufficient, 
but  urgent ;  and  not  merely  urgent, 
but  al^lutely  essential  to  the  in- 
terest and  welfare  of  the  country 
which  first  declared  it.  In  making 
these  observations,  did  he  cast  any 
blame  upon  those,  who,  seeing  a 
strong  and  powerful  nation  ea^r 
to  crush  and  overwhelm  with  it« 


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vttigeattce  a  lesi  numerous  but  not 
iM  Ijallant  people,  were  anxious 
to  join  the  weaker  against  the 
stronger  party?  Certainly  not— 
the  feeling  was  highly  honourable 
to  those  \nio  entertained  it.  The 
bosoms,  in  which  it  existed  in  full 
bloom  and  rigour,  unchastened 
ahd  unalloyed  I7  any  other  feeling, 
vtete  much  more  happy  than  those 
in  which  that  feeling  was  chastened, 
tempered,  and  mitigated  by  the 
considerations  of  prudence,  in- 
terest, and  expediency.  He  not 
only  knew,  but  he  envied  the  feel- 
ings of  those  who  called  for  war, 
for  the  issue  of  which  they  were 
in  no  wise  likely  to  be  respon- 
fflble :  for  he  would  confess,  that 
the  reasoning,  by  which  the  war 
against  Spain  was  justified,  ap- 
peared to  him  to  be  much  more 
calculated  than  the  war  itself  to 
excite  a  strong  feeling  against  those 
who  h^  projected  it ;  and  he  could 
not  imderstand,  by  what  process  of 
reasoning,  or  by  what  confusion  of 
ideas  those  who  defended  that 
war  contrived  to  persuade  them- 
selves, that  they  had  made  out  any 
thing  which  approached  even  to  a 
shadow  of  a  case.  The  right  hon. 
secretary  added,  that  there  were 
some  persons,  who  thou^t  that, 
though  it  might  not  be  prudent  to 
make  war,  it  might  still  be  pru- 
dent to  menace  war  against  France. 
These  individuals  he  conceived  to 
be  guilty  of  an  eitor  in  principle; 
aS  the  country,  which  menaced  war, 
ought  always  to  be  ready  to  carry 
those  menaces  into  execution. 
There  were  other  individuals  who 
were  guilty  of  an  error  of  a  dif- 
ferent klna — an  error  of  opinion, 
and  who  thought  that  we  should 
immediately  send  forth  a  maritime 
armament,  to  watch  the  events 
that  might  occur  on  the  shores  of 
the   Peuinsula.     Such   a  course 


would  be  unworthy  of  a  great  and 
independent  nation,  ana  Would 
degnde  us  from  a  first  to  a  se- 
condary power*  Whenever  we 
detemdned  upon  war,  to  wage  it, 
not  as  an  auxiliary,  but  as  a  prin« 
dpal,  had  hitherto  been  our  policy ; 
and  on  all  former  occasions,  when 
we  had  resorted  to  hostiHties,  we 
had  exerted  every  nerve  to  bring 
them  to  a  safe,  a  speedy,  and  an 
hbnourable  conclusion.  *'  Toto 
certatum  est  corpore  regni"  This, 
hh  contended,  was  the  only  sound 
view  in  which  war  could  be  con- 
templated. If  war  were  the  issue, 
it  should  be  a  war  worthy  of  this 
great  country ;  and  there  was  no 
war  in  which  the  country  could 
be  engaged  at  the  present  mo- 
ment, and  under  the  existing  cir- 
cumstances of  Europe,  which 
would  not  call  fbrth  aU  her  power, 
all  her  strength,  all  her  energies. 

On  the  same  evening  on  Which 
Mr.  Canning  made  hu  statement 
to  the  Commons,  lord  LiverpodL 
gave  a  similar  exposition  of  our 
policy  to  the  Peers.  The  only 
diflTerence  between  his  lordship's 
statement,  and  that  of  the  right 
hOn.  secretary  (if  difference  it  can 
be  called)  was,  that  lord  Liver- 
pool, at  the  same  time  that  he 
earnestly  deprecated  departure  from 
neutrality,  declared  more  avow- 
edly than  his  colleague,  that  the 
pacific  course,  adopted  by  ministers, 
did  not  arise  fhmi  any  apprehen- 
sion that  the  resources  of  the 
country  were  not  equal  to  meet 
the  exigencies  of  war.  "  I  have 
no  hesitation  or  difficulty/'  said  the 
prime  minister,  "in  again  declaring, 
what  I  stated  on  tliS  first  day  of 
the  session,  £hat,  if  either  the 
honour,  or  the  essential  inteiwts  of 
this  country  should  require  us  to 
engage  in  war,  we  have  the  means 
of  carrying  on  war  with  efl^ct 


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[2^ 


I  npeat  this^  my  1Mb,  not  lootely 
or  ^enetslly,  frcm  the  persuasion 
wboh  every  trae  BiritiBb  mibject 
must  entertain,  that  a  great  coun- 
try like  this,  will  always  find  the 
means  of  protecting  itddf,  when 
its  safety,  its  interests,  or  its 
honour,  are  really  endangered) 
hut  I  say  it,  from  the  ot^rtU" 
nidet,  which  my  situation  gires 
me^  of  examining  such  a  question 
in  detail ;  and  I  aver,  that  if  any 
dreumstances  should  render  it 
either  necessary  or  advisahle  for 
this  country  to  engage  in  war,  I 
should  feel  no  difficulty  in  finding 
the  means  to  support  it,  without 
materially  impamng  any  of  the 
great  sources  of  our  prosperi^." 

Mr.Bitnighamin  the  one  House, 
and  earl  Grey  in  the  other,  imme- 
diately intimated  their  opinion, 
that  the  explanation,  which  had 
hicn'given  of  the  conduct  of  our 
ministers,  was  by  no  means  stitls- 
fiMrtoty :  but  the  more  minute  dis« 
cusnon  of  the  subject  was  neces« 
sarily  delayed,  till  the  members 
had  time  to  examine  the  diplomatic 
correspondence* 

On  the  l6th  of  April,  lord 
Althorpe  moved  for  leave  to  bring 
in  a  biU  for  the  repeal  of  the  act 
which  prohiHted  British  subiects 
from  engaging  in  foreign  military 
service,  and  the  fitting  out,  in  his 
majesty's  dominions,  without  the 
royal  licence,  vessels  for  warlike 
purposes  It  wtts  opposed  on  the 
ground,  that,  in  the  actual  dr* 
cumstances  of  Europe,  such  an 
alteration  of  our  law  would  be  an 
act  of  partiality  in  favour  of  Spain. 
It  Was  rejected  by  a  majority  of 

216  to  no. 

On  the  24th  of  April,  the  for- 
mal debate  on  the  Spanish  nego- 
tiations took  place  in  the  House  of 
Lords.  It  was  opened  J^  lord 
EUittlxHOugh,  who  proved^  by  A 


detached  examination  of  the  coiw 
respondence,  that  France  had  been 
dishonest  and  insincere  in  her  pro-* 
fessions,  and  that  the  line  of  con« 
duct  pursued  by  her,  was  unjusti** 
fiable  in  itself,  and  disadvantageous 
to  this  country.  Tli^n  assuming 
that  the  insincerity  and  mis- 
dhievous  policy  of  Villele  and 
Chateaubriand,  were  imputable  as 
faults  to  Mr.  Canning  and  lord 
Liverpool,  and  that  we  could  have 
arrested  France  in  her  career  with- 
out involving  ourselves  fai  hostl* 
lities,  he  sprung  to  the  conclusion, 
that ourgovemment  had  not  acted 
with  sufficient  vigour.  He  finished, 
by  moving  that  an  address  should 
be  read  to  his  maJesH*,  ofin^ringthe 
thanks  of  their  lord^ps  for  the 
communication  of  thepapers  relative 
te  the  late  negotiations*-^xpress- 
ing  their  regretthat  the  endeavours 
of  his  majesty's  ministers  to  pre- 
serve peace  had  been  inefiectual ) 
and  at  the  same  time  representing 
that  the  course  of  negotiation  had 
not,  in  the  judgment  rt  their  lord- 
ships, been  calculated  to  support  the 
honour  and  interest  of  the  nation ; 
that  their  lordships  had  heard  with 
indmiation  the  speech  of  the  kinjg 
of  France';  and  that  it  was  their 
Opinion  that  more  prompt  and  de- 
cided measures  on  the  part  of  his 
majesty's  government  might  have 
prevented  war. 

Lord  Granville  moved  an  a- 
mendment,  expressing  the  concur- 
rence of  the  House  in  the  princi|deB 
laid  down  on  the  part  of  his  ma- 
jesty with  respect  to  interference 
in  the  intemid  concerns  of  inde- 
pendent nations,  and  their  satis* 
faction  at  the  manner  in  Which 
they  had  been  applied  during  the 
late  negotiations ;  lamenting,  that 
the  efforts  to  preserve  the  peace  of 
Europe  had  not  been  successful ; 
and  declaring,  that  they  should  bo 


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281       ANNUAL   RlfiGlStER,  1823. 


at  all  times  ready  to  g^ve  their 
cordial  su^^rt  to  such  measures 
as  might  be  necessary  to  vindicate 
the  honour  of  his  majesty's  crown> 
and  the  interests  of  die  country. 

The  address  was  supported  by 
lord  Holland^  earl  Grey>  and  the 
marquis  of  Lansdown;  who  de- 
claimed very  eloquently  against 
France^  and  in  praise  of  Spain.  It 
was  not^  however^  easy  to  gather^ 
what  was  the  precise  nature  of 
their  chai^  against  the  ministry. 
Their  voice  was  not  for  war;  and 
yet  it  was  not  for  peace.  War 
was  to  be  avoided,  but  we  had  not 
gone  sufficiently  near  to  it ;  peace 
was  to  be  maintained  by  us,  but 
we  had  not  sufficiently  endangered 
it ; — such  was  the  purport  of  the 
desultory  observations,  of  which 
the  debate  was  made  up  on  the 
part  of  the  opposition  Peers. 

The  amendment  was  supported 

Srindpally  by  lord  Harrowby,  the 
uke  of  Wellington,  and  lord 
LiverpooL  The  proposed  address, 
they  contended,  was  altogether 
unintelligible;  it  was  not  for 
peace,  and  yet  it  was  not  for  war : 
and  the  supporters  of  it  could  not 
condemn  what  had  been  done,  un- 
less they  were  prepared  to  assert, 
that,  we  ought  to  have  gone  to 
war  rather  than  permit  the  inva« 
sion  of  Spain.  If  such  was  their 
view  of  Uie  case,  why  should  they 
shrink  from  avowing  that  princi- 
ple? The  ministers  had  determi- 
ned on  neutrality :  were  they 
wrong  in  that  choice  ?  That  was 
an  issue  which  might  fairly  be 
tendered  to  them,  if  their  oppo- 
nents would  venture  to  do  so ;  Imt, 
if,  upon  that  point,  the  policy  of 
this  government  had  been  correct, 
it  was  impossible  to  throw  any 
blame  on  Uiem  in  respect  of  the 
details  or  issue  of  the  negotiations, 
Tp  havQ  iaenac«4  yrar^  wbea  w^ 


did  not  mean  to  make  it,  would 
have  been  at  once  hazardous  and 
degrading:-  and  it  would  have 
been  absurd,  when  conciliation 
was  our  object,  to  have  used  such 
language  as  was  calculated  to  irri- 
tate. Upon  a  division,  the  num- 
bers were— Contents— present, 
96;  proxies,  46—142:  Not-con- 
tents — ^present,  29 ;  proxies,  19— 
48 :  majority  in  favour  of  the 
amendment,  d4!» 

The  debate  on  the  conduct  of 
our  cabinet  in  the  negotiations  rela- 
tive to  Spain,  commenced  in  the 
House  of  Commons  on  the  28th 
of  April,  and  was  protracted 
through  that  and  the  two  follow- 
ing nights.  The  unusual  length 
of  the  discussion  was  occasioned  in 
a  great  measure  by  the  circum- 
stance, that  Mr.  Canning,  from 
whom  the  formal  and  complete 
defence  of  our  policy  was  expected, 
did  not  rise  in  the  course  of  the 
first  two  evenings;— a  delay, 
which,  on  his  part,  was  supposed 
to  arise  irom  a  wish  to  be.  preced- 
edby  Mr.  Brougham.  The  speeches 
from  the  Opposition  side  of  the 
house  were  on  this  occasion  more 
than  usually  deficient  in  argument, 
and  were  far  from  being  adequate 
either  to  the  importance  of  the 
subject  or  the  interest  which  it 
excit^.  The  assailants  seemed 
afraid  to  come  to  close  quarters 
with  the  ministry  whom  they  ac- 
cused: they  railed  at  the  conti- 
nental soverei^s,  deprecated  war, 
'  and  complained  of  what  had  been 
done:  but  they  neither  ventured 
to  make  specific  charges,  nor  to 
define  explicitly  the  course  which 
ought  to  have  been  followed. 

Mr.  Macdonald  opened  the  debate 
by  moving : — "That  a  humble  ad- 
dress be  presented  to  his  majesty, 
to  inform  his  majesty,  that  thia 
house  ba9  taken  iutg  it9   mo9( 


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[2d 


senoofi  conaideTatioii  the  papers 
lektine  to  the  late  negotiation^ 
which  have  heen  laid  before  them 
by  his  majesty's  gracious  command ; 
to  represent  to  his  majesty  that 
the  disappointment  of  his  majesty's 
benerolent  solicitude  to  presenre 
general  peace  appears  to  this  house 
to  have,  in  a  great  measure,  arisen 
fiom  the  fsdlure  of  his  ministers 
to  make  the  most  earnest,  rigorous, 
and  solemn  protest  against  the 
pretended  right  of  the  sovereigns, 
assembled  at  Verona,  to  make  vmc 
on  Spain  on  account  of  her  politi- 
cal institutions;  as  well  as  against 
the  subsequent  pretensions  ra  the 
French  government  to  deny  that 
nations  can  lawfully  enjoy  any 
civil  privileges  but  fix)m  the  spon- 
taneous grant  of  their  kings,* 
principles  destructive  of  the  rights 
of  all  independent  states,  which 
strike  at  the  root  of  the  British 
constitution,  and  are  subversive  of 
his  majesty's  legitimate  title  to 
the  throne:  further,  to  declare 
to  his  majesty  the  surprise  and 
sorrow  wim  which  this  house  has 
observed  that  his  majesty's  minis- 
ters should  have  advised  the  Span- 
idi  govei^ent,  while  so  unwar- 
aenaced,  to  alter  their 
a,  in  the  hope  of  avert- 
a  concession  which 
alone  would  have  involved  the 
total  sacrifice  of  national  inde- 
pendence; and  which  was  not 
even  palliated  by  an  assurance 
finom  France,  that,  on  receiving  so 
dishonourable  a  submission,  she 
would  desist  from  her  unprovoked 
aggression :  Finally,  to  represent 
tohis  majesty,  that,  in  the  judg- 
ment of'  this  house,  a  tone  of  more 
dignified  remonstrance  would  have 
heea  better  calculated  to  preserve 
the  peace  of  the  Continent,  and 
thereby  to  secure  the  nation  more 
effectually   from   the   h^ard    of 


being  involved  in  the  calamities  of 
war. 

Mr.  S.Wortley  moved  an  amend- 
ment in  the  same  words  as  that 
which  had  been  carried  in  the 
House  of  Lords. 

On  the  first  evening  of  the 
debate,  the  address  was  supported, 
among  others,  by  Mr.  Hobhouse 
and  Mr.  Baring ;  the  amendment, 
by  lord  F.  Gower,  Mr.  Bankes, 
and  Mr.  H.  Sumner.  Mr.  Wilber- 
force  accorded  to  the  cabinet  a 
qualified  approbation.  Though  he 
could  have  wished  to  have  seen  a 
higher  moral  tone  preserved  in  our 
diplomatic  papers*  ministers,  he 
thought,  had  manifested  a  sincere 
desire  to  preserve  the  peace  of 
Europe,  and  to  prevent  the  unjust 
aggression  against  Spain.  But 
they  had  fallen  into  a  mistake  not 
uncommon  with  persons  who  had 
to  deal  with  unprincipled  men. 
Knowing  that  such  men  were 
bound  by  no  ties  of  moral  recti- 
tude or  justice,  they  had  put  in 
operation  such  a  policy  as  they 
thought  would  best  answer  the 
purpose  of  their  negotiations: 
whereas,  they  ought  to  have 
relied  on  those  high  principles 
which  had  hitherto  pervaded,  and 
he  hoped  would  long  continue  to 
direct,  the  councils  of  this  country. 
He  regretted,  that  they  had  not 
said  mm  the  first,  not  only  that 
we  would  not  co-operate,  but  that 
it  was  contrary  to  the  principles 
of  the  British  constitution-^-con- 
trary  to  the  principles  of  jtstice, 
and  to  the  common  rights  of 
humanity — ^that  France  should 
persevere  in  her  designs  against 
Spain.  But  there  was  one  point 
which  had  not,  he  thought, 
been  sufficiently  attended  to  in  the 
course  of  the  present  debate.  It 
was  this.  The  desire  of  ministers 
being  to  prevent  the  war,  they 


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were  bound  in  the  pufiuit  of  that 
object^  not  to  use  Isaipiaae,  which 
might;  bye^ting  in  Spain  the 
hopieg  m  assistance  from  thi^ 
country^  induce  her  to  refuse  such 
concessions^  as  were  at  once  ooub- 
natibte  wiUi  her  interests  and  her 
nonour,  and  would  take  away 
from  France  the  very  shadow  of  a 
pretext  for  the  violation  of  hey 
independence.  In  his  consdenoe  he 
was  persuaded^  that  his  majesty's 
gdvemment  had'  intended  fisdrly 
and  honestly;  and^  though  thev 
ought  have  erred;,  through  theur 
too  great  anxiety  for  the  mterests 
of  the  countiy^  in  not  preserving 
that  firm  tQne>  which  with  perfect 
oomdstency  they  might  have  held> 
•till  he  oould  not  concur  in  the 
motion  of  censure  which  had  b^en 


i  die  second  evenii^  the  diant 
cellor  of  the  Exchequer  and  Mr* 
]Ped.  took  a  share  in  ihe  discussion. 
If  it  could  be  fthown«  said  Mr« 
Robinson  that  the  entering  upon  a 
war,  abstractedly  speaking,  was  a 
mere  matter  of  indmerence  to  this 
country^  or,  that  we  could  gain 
by  such  a  step,  then  was  blame  to 
be  attributed  to  his  majesty's 
ministers*  But,  if  it  was  onoe  ad*« 
mitted,  that  peace  wag  our  policy, 
the  next  inquiry  was,  whether, 
in  the  late  negotiations,  his  ma« 
jesty's  ministers  had  taken  the 
course  best  calculated-— first,  to 
prevent  any  war;  and,  their  efforts 
\o  that  efiect  being  unavailing, 
whether  they  had  used  their  beSt 
endeavours  to  prevent  our  partici- 
pation in  it?  His  majesty's  minis- 
terg  were  called  to  account  upon 
this  occasion,  not  for  having  un- 
necessarily plunged  the  country 
in  war ;  not  because  they  had  not 
taken  the  necessary  steps  to  pre- 
serve the  peace  of  this  country ; 
but  because  they  had  not  taken 


what  were  conatdi^Fedtlie  noomtty 
steps  to  prevent  a  war  between 
two  powers-^between  whom  there 
existed  causes  of  irritation^  which 
had  a  strong  tendency  to  involve 
them  in  hostilities. 

One  complaint  was,  that,  during 
the  late  n^otiations,  his  nudest/g 
minigt^rs  had  not  aasumed  that 
high  tone  of  remonstrance  which 
beoune  the  government  of  this 
country.  Now,  it  appeared  to  him, 
that  there  was  some  difficulty  in 
eiearly  defining  and  understanding 
what  wag  meant  by  a  *'  high  toitt 
of  remonstrance."  Some  members 
might  imagine  it  wag  to  be  found 
in  the  anffry  and  vehement  deda* 
mation  of  the  noble  member  for 
New  Sarum  (lord  Folkegtone): 
others,  that  it  ought  to  be  eooched 
in  the  violent  invective  and  bitter 
garcagm  of  the  member  fdr  Win- 
Chelsea  (Mr.  Brougham) ;  while  a 
third  would,  perhaps,  be  6£  opinion, 
that  it  was  to  be  cusoovered  in  the 
refined  and  epifframmatic  satire  of 
the  mover  of  t£e  original  addxesg. 
But,under  such  conflicting  apinioAs, 
how  were  they  to  come  to  a  de- 
cision ?  It  was  true,  that  nothing 
was  more  easy  than  to  deal  out  the 
harshest  terms,  the  grossest  invec- 
tives against  foreign  powers ;  but, 
would  any  hon.  member  agsprt, 
that  it  would  be  ri^ht  to  purrue  a 
gimilar  course  in  diplomatic  nego- 
tiations? While  he  maintained 
that  our  language  to  our  fdlies 
ghould  be  that  of  persuiasion  rather 
than  of  menace,  did  he  admit  that 
this  country  had  made  no  remon- 
strance against  the  asgresrions  of 
France?  Did  he  admit  that  minig- 
ters  had  not  forcibly  pointed  out  to 
those  allied  powers  the  dangerous 
consequences  likely  to  result  firom 
such  a  course  of  proceeding,  and 
had  not  decidedly  opposed  them- 
selves to  the  projects   of  thoee 


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{31 


ffmen^  No.^  The  conduct  of  his 
m^'estj's  xnimstors  had  been  of 
A  nature  diametrically  opposite; 
in  proof  of  which,  he  referred  the 
House  to  the  two  last  paragraphs 
of  the  con^dential  minute  S[  lord 
jCastlereagh  on  the  affairs  of  Spain, 
addr^sed  to  the  courts  of  Austria, 
Trance,  Prussta^  and  Russia,  in 
May,  1820. 

Another  complaint,  said  the 
chancellor  of  the  exchequer,  was, 
that  we  committed  a  very  great 
mistake  in  not  having,  at  the  ter« 
mination  of  the  Congress  at  Vero* 
na,  said  to  the  dlied  powers, 
"  WeU,  as  we  cannot  induce  you 
to  give  up  your  views  on  this  ques-* 
tion,  we  have  nothing  more  to  say 
to  you."  Why  this,  I  think,  is  a 
matter  very  doubtful.  Was  it 
better  for  us  to  say  to  them,  "  Wo 
will  have  nothing  more  to  say  to 
you  ip  the  present  state  of  thin^ra ;" 
or  to  aay«  "  Shall  we  make  a  last 
attempt  to  bring  about  a  recon- 
ciliation ?"  I  cannot  undertake  to 
lay  (for  I  am  not  quite  so  prophetic 
as  the  author  of  die  address,  who 
has  undertaken  to  say  so),  what 
the  future  event  of  all  these  pro- 
ceedings may  be ;  but  this  I  say, 
that,  if  any  cj^nce  of  averting  that 
war  by  Ui^  continuation  of  our 
good  offices  and  mediation  should 
ofier,  it  was  our  duty  to  avail  our- 
selves of  it.  It  was  our  duty  to 
do  so,  with  a  view  to  the  happiness 
and  interest  both  of  Spain,  and  of 
France.  To  the  charge,  further, 
that  England  had  advised  Spain  to 
modify  her  institutions,  Mr.  Ro- 
binson replied,  that,  if  Spain  had 
not  desired  the  interference  of 
Great  Britain,  and  called  for  her 
advice,  it  might  not  have  been 
right,  under  the  circumstances,  for 
Eoghmd  to  have  tendered  her  sug- 
gcstiomk  But,  England  was  called 
upon  to  act,  and  called  upon  by 


Spain;  and  the  queition  wai^ 
whether  the  adyice  shp  «Ye  wai^ 
under  the  circumstance^  de^ervin^ 
approbation  or  censure  ?  Ep^^Iand 
st(K)d,  as  it  were»  between  two  perv 
8ons,  strongly  opposed  to  each  other, 
both  of  whom  had  applied  to  her. 
England,  as  the  third  yarty,  saw, 
from  the  nature  of  the  dispute,  and 
from  the  temper  of  the  partiei^ 
that  there  was  no  chance  of  reepn- 
ciliation,  unless  some  concession 
was  made.  Concession  she  clearly 
saw  was  the  price  to  be  paid  foot 
reconciliation.  England  advised 
notiiing  disparaging  to  Spain*^ 
nothing  that  could  sink  h^  cbtm 
racter  or  encroach  upon  her  ind&f 
pendence.  'England  advised  Spain 
not  to  yield  to  any  threat  of  France^ 
nor  to  depart  from  the  hig^  tone 
of  independence  which  it  was  ne^ 
cessar^  for  her  honour  and  security 
to  mamtain ;  but  it  was  one  tiding 
not  to  yield  to  any  demand  m 
France,  and  another  thing  to  listen 
to  the  amicable  and  friendly  sug- 
gestions of  Great  Britain.  Spain, 
however,  rejected  the  proposition 
as  inadmissilue,  and  the  negotiation 
terminated.  England  during  that 
negotiation  never  advised  Spain  to 
do  any  thing  that  in  the  remotest 
degree  would  compromise  her  in* 
dependence ;  and,  least  of  all,  did 
we  advise  her  to  yield  to  the  mon^ 
strous  principle  contained  in  the 
speech  of  the  king  of  France,  which 
went  to  represent  all  free  govern^ 
ments  as  mere  waste  paper,  unless 
they  proceeded  from  the  mouth  of 
kings.  **  It  has  been  said,"  added 
Mr.  Robinson, "  that  we  have  been 
grossly  deceived  by  the  French  go-i 
vemment.  Undoubtedly  it  cannotbe 
denied,  that  the  conduct  of  France 
has  been  such  as  to  excite  very 
great  surprise  on  our  part  But  it 
is  going  a  little  too  mr  to  charge 
our  government  with  having  suf« 


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fered  itself  to  be  deceived,  when 
the  party,   with  whom   we  were 
treating,  was  changing  its  mind 
from  my  to  day.     "Die  French 
government  was  very  little  pre- 
pared on  one  day  for  the  change 
which  its  opinions  might  undergo 
on  the  next.     We  are  not  to  be 
blamed,  because  we  could  not  an- 
ticipate such  unexpected  changes." 
Sir  James  Mackintosh  expatiated 
chiefly  on  two  points;  first,  that  the 
internal  dissentions  of  Spain  af- 
forded no  sufficient  reason,  why 
we  should  abstain  from  assisting 
her;  and  secondly,  that  the  occu- 
pation of  Spain  by  France  endan- 
sered   the   balance  of  power  in 
Europe,  and  was  an  adequate  cause 
of  war.     He  illustrated  those  to- 
pics with  his  usual  eloquence  and 
historical  lore :  but  it  is  not  easy 
ta  see  how  they  bore  upon  the  sub- 
stance of  the  question  that  was  be- 
fore the  House,  when  they  were 
insisted  on  by  one  who  declined  to 
contend  that  we  ought  to  have 
plunged  into  hostilities.     Not  more 
than  £ve  minutes,  said  Mr.   R. 
Peel  in  reply  to  him,  did  the  hon. 
and  learned  gentleman  employ  in 
showing  that  the  country  ought  to 
have  assumed  a  more  dignified  tone 
in  the  late  negotiations ;  and  the 
arguments,  which  he  had  subse- 
quently addressed  to  the  passions, 
the  reason,  and  the  judgment  of  the 
House,  aU  went  to  show,  that  the 
country  ought  to  have  made  a  de- 
claration of  war.     He  had  referred 
much  and  often  to  the  balance  of 
power ;  and  for  what  purpose  ?— to 
convince  the  House  that  it  was 
now  in  such  jeopardy,  that  we  were 
bound  to  interfere  for  its  preser- 
vation, even  at  the  expense  and 
hazard  of  being  involved  in  war. 
The  real  question,  however,  was, 
did  the  honour  of  the   country, 
and,  if  the  honour,  did  the  interests 


of  die  country,  render  it  necessary 
that  we  should  become  a  party  to 
the  war  ?     Did,  then,  the  honour 
of  the  country  require  of  us  war  ? 
No.      Did    its    interests  ?      No. 
Did  the  faith  of  treaties  ?    No. 
Did    the    voice    of    the     people 
of  England  ?    A^dn  he  bolfly  an- 
swered.  No.      IMd   the    govern- 
ment of  Spain  ?    Again  and  again 
he  boldly  answered.  No.     Sinc^ 
then,  neither  Spain,  nor  the  voice 
of  the  people  of  England,  nor  the 
faith  of  treaties,  nor  the  interest, 
nor  the  honour  of  the  country,  re- 
quired of  us  war,  was  there  any 
reason  for  criminating  the  govern- 
ment, because  it  had  not  resorted 
to  such    a    course  ?      With    re- 
spect to  that  part  of  the  argument 
on  die  other  side,  which  was  in- 
tended to  prove  ihat  a  dignified 
tone  had  not  been  maintained  by 
us  in  the  late  negotiations;  Mr. 
Peel  alleged,  that  a  very  artfrd  at- 
tempt had  been  made  to  confound 
the  different  periods  of  the  nego* 
tiations,  and  that  the  instrucdons, 
given  by  Mr.  Canning  in  the  first 
page  of  the  correspondence,  had 
been  quoted  to  prove,  that,  when 
France  first  declared  her  intendon 
of  attacking  Spain,  our  language 
had  not  been  so  strong  and  vigorous 
as  it  oueht  to  have  been.     The 
words  or  his  right  hon.  fHend, 
*'  to  such  interference,  come  what 
may,  his  majesty  will  not  be  a 
party,"  used  at  the  very  outset  of 
the  negotiadons,  had  been  applied 
to  events  which  had  occurred  three 
months  afterwards,  and  had  been 
quoted  as  the  only  remonstrance 
which  we  made  to  the  French  on 
their  crossing  the  Bidassoa.     The 
papers  themselves  furnished  proof 
that  this  was  not  the  case  ;  and  he 
therefore    could    not    help    com- 
plaining, that  such  an  asserdon  had 
ever  b^n  allowed  t*  go  forth  to 


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HISTORY   OF    EUROPE. 


[39 


tlRf  pubBe.    It  8ppeare3  to  him, 
U^  iie^  n^jodations  weie  divi- 
deSin^tliree  distinct  periods:  the 
hrtfty  die  period  between  ^e  assem- 
bKng  and  the  close  of  the  Con- 
gftts ;  tjie  second,  the  period  be- 
twiee&^e  zeturti  of  the  duke  of 
WeDingtoa  to  Paris,  and  the  pub- 
Ik^riim  of  the  speedi  of  the  king  of 
Ffesnoe;  and  the  third,  all  the  pe- 
riod that  had  since  elapsed.    An^ 
nnm,  who  read  the  deroatjches  for 
the  purpose  of  criticiong  them, 
oQ|^t  to  keep  these  three  periods 
perfectly  distinct  from  each  other 
in  hb  nnnd,  and  to  apply  the  lan- 
guage used  during  each  of  them  to 
tliiags  as  they  then  existed.    He 
ought  aho  to  recollect,  that  at  pre- 
sent we  were  rendered  wise  by  the 
resdki  and  should  not  forget  that 
tfie  writer  of  them  had  to  enter  into 
calculations  of  probabilities,  with 
which  at  present  we  had  nothing 
nvhatever  to  do.    The  object  of  the 
Bhitish  eoyemment,   during   the 
fiM  of  ^ese  periods,  was,  to  pre- 
vent a  dedaration  from  being  made 
sMnst  Spain  by  the  allied  powers, 
mw  had  sudi  a  declaration  been 
made  or  not  ?     If  it  had  not,  how 
cooli  it  be  justly  said  that  the 
En^iah     n^rotiator     had     been 
duped  ?      Indeed,  what  was  the 
language  used  by  France  regarding 
these    negotiations?      Why,     M. 
Montmorency  said,  that  the  mea- 
sures, wUdi  the  French  jeovem- 
dent  had  contemplated  wr    the 
aibefioration  of  Spain,  would  have 
sseoeeded    but  Kir    the    conduct 
of  England.    That  was  at  least  an 
admission,  on  the  part  of  France, 
t^  Ae  daA  not  consider  her  in- 
terests to  have  been  forwarded  by 
we   played  at 
What    was 
Spain  on  the  same 
Thoagk  she  had  com- 
of  our  rondurt  when  shi 
LXV. 


point  ? 

juikiaa' 

Vol. 


was  unacquainted  with  it,  as  soon 
as  she  was  informed  of  its  effects^ 
her  minister,  ^an  Miguel^  said  to 
sir  W.  A'Court,  on  the  24th  of 
December. — "We  are  sure  of  Eng-* 
land,  and  are  satisfied  with  her 
position."  Did  San  Mimiel  say, 
that  he  expected  that  we  3iould  ep 
to  war  ?  No  such  thing ;  but  he 
pointed  out  the  course,  which,  he 
thought  would  be  most  conducive 
to  I^Ninish  interests.  He  said*  - 
"  There  is  nothing  to  induce  us 
to  ask  for  your  mediation  at  pre- 
sent, but  we  are  at  sea,  surrounded 
by  dancers  and  menaced  by  storms^ 
and  it  is  impossible  to  say  that  we 
may  not  yet  reauire  a  friendly 
hand."  On  a  still  later  occasion  the 
languc^  of  Spain,  whom  we  were 
accused  of  not  having  favoured^  was 
couched  in  the  foUowing  terms: 
— "  To  England,  who  has  taken, 
in  the  conferences  at  Verona,  so 
moderate  and  pacific  a  line,  it  now 
belongs  to  crown  her  work."  To 
crown  her  work  !  He  wished  the 
House  to  attend  to  the  expression 
>-4id  they  think  that  the  Spanish 
minister  would  have  made  use  of  it, 
had  he  been  dissatisfied  with  our 
conduct  ? 

Mr.  Peel  then  vindicated  the  mis- 
sion of  lord  Fitzroy  Somerset,  to 
Madrid,  against  the  censures  which 
had  been  cast  upon  it ;  and  con- 
tended, that  the  advice  which  the 
duke  of  Wellington  had  ofiered, 
through  him,  to  the  members  of 
the  Spanish  government,  was  well 
calculated  to  promote  its  best  in- 
te]%^.  His  grace  did  not  pro- 
pose to  them  to  make  any  modifi'^ 
cations  in  the  Spanish  constitution 
that  were  not  clearly  for  its  benefit 
and  improvement.  Was  there 
any  thin^  in  the  nature  of  those 
,  modifications  to  prevent  their  ac- 
ceptance by  Spain ;  or  any  thing 
ilithe  menace  of  a  third' powerj*" 

CD] 


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34j       ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1823. 


which  Blade  it  impwative  upon  her 
for  reject  them  ?  What  would 
hsive  been  the  result,  if  she  had  ac- 
cepted them  ?  The  withdrawal 
c^  the  Army  of  Observation  from 
the  Pyrenees^  to  the  presence  of 
which  they  attributed  so  much  of 
her  calamities.  As,  at  that  mo- 
ment, the  king  of  France's  speech 
had  not  been  made  public,  Spain 
mieht  certainly  have  consented 
wimout  any  loss  of  honour ;  and 
by  such  consent  she  would  have 
united  her  people,  and  ameliorated 
their  conditioii^  more  than  she 
could  doby  any  subsequent  measure. 
He  admitted,  however,  that  afler 
the  French  king's  speech,  even 
such  a  modification  could  not  have 
been  submitted  to  Spain  with  pro- 
priety. But,  was  it  not  too  much 
that  England  should  be  made  re- 
sponsible for  an  entire  change  in  the 
policy  of  the  French  government  ? 
Sir  Francis  Burdett  followed  Mr. 
Peel,  and  met  the  question  much 
more  fiedrly  and  distinctly  than  any 
other  of  the  opponents  of  minis- 
tecs.  He  insist^,  that  the  discus- 
sion had  nothing  to  do  with  the 
question  of  peace  or  war;  but 
simply,  whether  we  had  so  con- 
ducted ourselves,  as  to  convey  to 
the  minds  of  the  French  and  other 
foreign  ministers,  the  sense  enter- 
tained by  this  country  of  the  in- 
justice meditated  and  done  by 
France  to  Spain  ?  Now,  with 
respect  to  what  had  taken  place  at 
Verona,  he  thought  there  was,  on 
the  face  of  those  transactions,  more 
thun  sufficient  to  call  down  on  the 
head  of  any  English  minister  the 
censure  contemplated  by  the 
original  address.  The  French 
minister,  at  the  outset,  asked  the 
noble  duke  who  was  our  plenipo- 
tentiary, if  England  would  concur 
i^th  France  in  their  aggression  on 
Spain  ;  aod  hc^had  had  the  ixuKKi 


lence,  t<^  go  9a  and  iaquia^wlttt 
effectual  support  this  couxkXtf 
would  give  to  France,  in  case  of  her 
making  this  attack.  Now>  without 
using  violent  language^  or  menaces 
leading  to  war,  there  w^s  a  dig* 
nified  expression  of  virtuousfeeUn^ 
which  would  have  b(rou|:ht  to  the 
minds  of  the  makers  of  such  pro- 
positions a  knowledge  of  the  senti- 
ments which  this  country  must  en- 
tertain with  regard  to  its  atrocity* 
If  we  had  siud,  that  we  were  as- 
tonished and  shocked  at  such  con- 
duct, and  that  far  from  having  our 
support,  we  should  feel  it  necessary 
to  throw  the  whole  weight  of  our 
moral  authority  into  the  other 
scale,  such  language  would  not 
have  been  without  effect.  There 
were  a  variety  of  modes  of  pro- 
ceeding besides  war,  which  mi^ht 
have  been  adopted,  and  which 
would  have  kept  us  out  of  the 
situation  in  wluch  we  were  now 
placed — a  situation,  which  even 
those  persons,  who  were  anxious  to 
preserve  peace  at  all  events,  must 
acknowledge  was  a  most  ambiguous 
one.  Suppose  we  had  said— 
"  Your  conduct  is  a  violation  of 
every  principle  of  justice.  Not 
only  wul  we  not  be  an  accomplice 
in  the  transaction,  but  we  must 
follow  the  severe  line  of  our  duty, 
and  withdraw  frox^  your  court  our 
ambassador."  This  would  have 
been  an  answer  to  the  question, 
more  consonant  to  the  dignity  of 
Eneland  and  to  the  character 
which  she  had  hitherto  supported, 
but  which  she  now  seemed  inclined 
to  relinquish.  Such  an  answer 
would  have  been  more  likely  ta 
deter  France  from  her  vile  and 
detestable  project,  than  telling  her 
that  she  was  undertaking  an  ''un- 
necessary responsibility.  ''  It  had 
been  argued,  that  no  member  ougj^t 
to  vote  for  the  addreo,  who  did  not 


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[35 


l^iak  tint  thiseouiitry  thodld  have 
cooe  to  war  in  the  event  of  the 
mytaaoa  of  Spain.  He  (or  Fran« 
db  Buriett)  could  not  %Mnk,  that, 
St  ibe  oataet  of  ^ese  negotiations, 
It  wai  al  all  incumbent  oh  a  British 
mimster  to  let  France  into  the 
secret  as  to  what  this  country 
might  <sr  might  not  do.  War  or 
peace  riiould  have  been  left  to  de« 
pend  on  the  acts  of  the  parties. 
But,  when  pains  were  taken  to  tell 
France,  that,  whatever  she  might 
do>  she  bad  nothing  to  fear,  it  wan 
impoflBiUe  to  be^e  in  Uie  sin« 
eerity  of  the  desire  of  our  minister^ 
to  loevent  the  aggression  on  Spain. 
If  they  had  been  sincere  in  a  dif- 
ftrent  sense— sincere  well-wishers 
to  the  Bourboil  scheme  of  aggres- 
noo,  and  sincere  enemies  dTthe 
latesests  of  Spain — if  they  had 
been  aooomt^ioes  and  not  dupe»— 
he  couM  not  see  what  conduct  they 
mild  have  adopted  more  unfavour- 
Me  to  Spain,  and  more  likely  to 
forward  the  unjust  views  of  the 
Bourbons,  than  such  a  proceeding. 
The  notes  of  the  French  ministers 
an  ^ypeared  to  be  written  in  a  con- 
fideiitial  way,  as  if  they  were  ad- 
dressed to  parsons  who  in  theilr 
heart  wished  well  to  their  designs ; 
•a  if,  indeed,  there  tiras  something 
in  this  ootmtyy,  under  the  shape  of 
paWc  opinion,  which  the  ministers 
eould  not  conveniently  defy,  so 
tet  l9i^  force  of  this  country  could 
not  well  be  applied  to  fdd  them, 
hot  as  if  it  could  not  be  doubted  that 
the  good-win  of  our  government 
went  along  with  them  in  the  whole 
of  the  transactions. 

It  was  said,  that  France  tiever 
eottld  effect  the  conquest  of  Spain 
•*-that  there  were  in  that  country 
millioxis  of  men  who  defied  inva- 
If  this  was  the  case,  what 
i  of  the  argumenti  that  war 
would  be  dangerous  and'  ruinous  ^ 


Why,  if  we  could  have  entered  on 
a  war  vrith  such  aUies,  and  in  a 
cause  so  certain  of  sticcess,  what 
an  opportunity  had  we  lost  of 
elevatmg  oui*  chatactelr,  and  of  tak- 
ing that  high  ^tmd  which  we 
ought  to  hold  m  the  estimation 
of  Europe  ^  But  the  truth  was, 
that,  if  the  French  government  had 
known,  or  even  apprehended,  that 
a  war  with  England  was  the  ne- 
cessary consequence  of  a  war  with 
Spain,  the  Bourbons  would  never, 
have  embarked  in  the  imjust  cofn** 
test 

That  a  war  with  France  would 
be  inconvenient  at  the  present 
moment,  there  was  no  doubt. 
There  could  be  as  little  doubt,  that 
every  man  whom  he  addressed, 
would  be  desirous,  if  possible,  to 
avoid  it.  But  there  was  such  a 
thing  fts  national  honour — a  thintf 
even  more  precious  than  natlonu 
inmiediate  interests  ;  and  England 
was  sacrificing  her  honour  as  a  na- 
tion, if  she  consented  to  remam  at 
peac^,  ivhen  the  proper  course  f&r 
her  was  war.  It  might  be  ftttd, 
perhaps,  that  Englnnl  wtts  in  a 
situation  i^uiring  repose,  ti^Mch 
made  it  necessary  for  her  to  conihilc 
her  domestic  arrangements,  and  to 
prefer  immediate  to  more  retnote 
advtmtage.  But  if  this  was  so,  why 
not  say  so  openly?  Then  ther^ 
was  no  compromise  of  chahicter— 
no  honesty  lost.  But  it  was  pot>r  to 
see  men  standing  forward  and  vaunt- 
ing their  stifength,  affecting  to  tejr 
— "  We  are  what  we  have  been, 
and  we  can  maintain  the  honours 
which  were  won  for  us  by  our 
fathets ;"  and  yet  shrinking  (in  a 
cause,  too,  from  which  least  of  aU 
they  ou^t  to  shrink)  the  moment 
theiif  boasted  powers  were  in  dan- 
ger of  being  put  to  the  proof.  If 
England  had  taken  part  in  the  war, 
rfie  would  not  have  been  t^fos^ 

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3^J        ANN  RAI,  KE.GIS'CEJl,:1823. 


tqPranoe.  She^  would  have  been 
opposed  oxily  to  tlie  bigotted  bouse 
of  Bourbon^  wbo>  i&hey  succeed- 
ed in  their  counter-revolutiomuy 
enterprise,  would  carry  the  princi- 
ple of  that  enterprise  bacic  into 
their  own  country,  making  the  evil 
eventually  recoif  upon  France, 
which  they  had  compdled  France  ^ 
to  become  the  instrument  of  inflict- 
ing upon  Spain.  There  was  no- 
tbmg,  therefore,  (the  hon.  bart. . 
continued)  to  have  made  a  war 
i^ith  France,  under  existing  cir- 
cumstances, formidable.  He  be- 
lieved he  must  admit,  that  a  majori- 
ty of  the  House  was  in  favour  of - 
peace— of  "  peace,  come  what  may  ;*' 
he  too  was  for  peace,  as  far  as  that 
peace  could  be  consistent  with  the 
honourandsafetyof  England, but  to, 
barter  honour  and  future  fecurity  for 
the  chance  of  present  qoiet  was  a 
course,  to  his  thinking,  not  more 
cowardly  than  impolitic  To  the 
whole  conduct  of  the  negotiations, 
therefore,  he  stood  decidedly  appo»~ 
ed«  He  did  not  see  at  cdl,  that 
ministers  were  bound  to  let  France 
at  once  into  the  secret  of  what  was 
to  be  the  course  of  England.  But, 
if  it  was  right  for  England  to 
speak  out,  he  would  state  what  it 
was  that  England  ought  to  have 
said  She  ought  to  have  said  to  the 
Bourbons—"  We  wish  you  well  : 
We  have  been  your  bcuiefactors : 
We  wish  you  to  remain  safe  where 
you  are :  for  it  is  impossible  for  you 
to  commit  violations  of  the  law 
of  nations  and  of  the  peace  of 
Europe,  without,  in  the  end,  com- 
pelling Engli^id  to  become  your 
adversary."  All  this  might  nave 
been  said — all,  that  he  thought  for 
the  honour  of  England,  ought  to 
have  been  said,  in  the  most  j&iendly 
way  ;  and,  having  been  so  said, 
it  pould  scaicdiy  have  failed  to  have 
had  its  effect.    If  France  had  early . 


seen  and  known^  that  RudfiliO 
would  take  that  line  of  oofSuctj^ 
Europe  would  now  have  he&ai 
at  peace  instcsad  of  being  at  wat^ 
If  ministers  had  been  sinoerejg 
even  their  Mends  must^  ad^iil^ 
that  they  had,  from  whatever  causct 
been,  in  the  last  degree,  unsueceas* 
fuL  But  he  gave  them  no  credit, 
for  sincerity  in  their  efforts.  H^ 
looked  to  the  whole  course  of  the 
published  negotiations :  and  fai^ 
from  seeing  me  cause  of  the  ojH 
pressed  taken  up  by  his  majesty's 
ministers,  he  saw  nothing  b^t  i^ 
constant  participation  in  the  view% 
of  the  oppressor.  As  far  as  there, 
was  any  exhibition  of  friend^iip 
towards  the  oppressed  party,  if  thi^ 
friendship  had  not  been  ti^aehf r-. 
ous,  it  had  assuredly  been  np^: 
woefully  deficient  in  discreticm  and 
sQund  sense.  The  hon.  baronetj,' 
after  ob^rving  that  with  reqpect  to' 
the  immediate  questions  befoiie  the^ 
House,  he  was  quite  as  well  {deai^ 
(excepting  only  one  or  two  woidftj; 
with  the  spirit  of  the  amendniQKt' 
as  with  that  of  the  original  motioo, 
declared  that  he  comidered  thQ> 
interests  of  Spain  and  of  Ensland; 
to  have  been-  most  unjustinably 
compromised,  throughout  the  lata 
negotiations:  and  he  apprehende4: 
no  other  result,  if  the  contest  be-; 
tween  Spain  and  France  should  be, 
prolong^j  but  that  England  would 
eventi^y  be  compelled  to  ^t^ 
into  the  contest,  iwder  disadv^*^ 
tages  which  would  not  have  attach- 
ed to  her  in  its  commencement  . 
On  the  third  night  of  tjie  de* 
bate,  afW  several  members  on  botb» 
sides  of  the  House  had  q^oto 
(among  whom  Mr.  11.  Twiss  d»-^ 
tinguished  himself  by  tispeeck  xsl 
support  of  the  Amexidment,  whJA. 
was  not  very  patiently  listened  to,. 
but.  which  exposed  with  ,g^l 
acuteneas  and  dexterity  of  argij-y 


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[87 


inenl  Ae  iofio^aisteuces  of  the  ^^eWi 
lliat  were  advjocatad  Inr  the  9^po^ 
aenlsaf  minui^en).  Mr.CamUngi 
being  loudlv  odled  for  froa 
•very  port  of  the  House,  rose  at  a 
c^Qarter  before  1 1  o'clock,  and  com* 
vaenced  the  long-expect^  iustifica- 
tjon  of  himself  and  his  colleagues. 

"  We  could  not"  said  the  right 
boo.  Secretary,  *'  take  a  single 
itep  in  tiie  late  negotiations,  till 
we  bad  detennined  what  direction 
ought  to  heaven  to  thgse  negotia- 
tions, so  far  as  the  question  of 
peace  or  war  was  concerned.  We 
determined  that  it  was  our  duty,  in 
the  first  instance,  to  endeavour  to 
preserre  peace,  if  possible,  for  all 
^ world:  next,  to  endeavour  to 
preserve  peace  between  the  motions 
whose  pacific  relations  appeared 
most  particularly  exposed  to  ha- 
lud ;  an4y  failing  in  this,  to  pre- 
serve at  all  events  peace  for  this 
country;  but  a  peace  consistent 
^iratb  the  good  faith,  the  interests, 
and  the  honour  of  the  nation." 

This  deasion,  he  admitted,  was 
a  fit  subject  of  examination:  for 
undoubt^y  the  conduct  of  the 
government  was  liable  to  a  twofold 
tciaL  But,  in  entering  on  an  in- 
quiry as  to  the  merits  or  demerits 
of  the  n^otiations,  it  was  neces- 
SKyto  set  out  with  assuming,  for 
the  time,  that  peace* was  the  object 
whicb  we  ought  to  have  pursu^. 

'*  In  reviewing,  then,"  said  Mr. 
Canning  "  the  course  of  t|^ese  ne- 
flotiadons,  as  directed  to  maintain, 
fin^  tbe  peace  of  Europe ;  second- 
\fi  tbe  peace  between  France  and 
Spain;  and  lastly,  peace  for  this 
eount^,— 4bey  ^vide  themselves 
latnraUy  mto  three  heads: — first, 
the negptifitiona at  Verona;  second^ 
ly,  those  with  France ;  and  thirdly, 
tlM»Be  with  Spain/' 
:  At.Verqmi,  he  contended  we 
yftiot  cwnptetely  succc^uL    "  In 


pcOof«rihi4,"  said  lie,'*  tny  first  wiw 
ness  is  the  dukftMlttUfiu  de  Mont^ 
morency ;  who  states,  in  Us  otk^ 
eial  note*  ci  the  S6th  of  December, 
that  the  measures  conceived  and 
proposed  at  Verona,  '  would  have 
been  completely  successful,  if  Eiig« 
land  had  thou^t  hexadtf  at  libei^f 
to  concur  in  them.'  Such  was 
the  opinion  entertained  by  the  ple<» 
nipotentiary  of  France  of  his  fai- 
lure at  Verona,  and  of  the  cause  of 
that  failure. — ^What  was  the  opi- 
nion of  Spain?  The  voucher  for 
that  optnum  is  the  deraatch  firom 
sir  WiHiain  A'Court,  of  the  7th  of 
January,t  in  which  he  describes 
the  coinfort  and  relief  that  were  fait 
by  the  Spanish  government,  wheu 
they  learnt  that  the  congress  at 
Verona  had  broken  up,  with  no 
other  result  than  the  bruta  fulmina 
of  the  tbfee  despatches  fixmi  the 
courts  in  alliance  with  France. 

"  Whatever  might  grow  out  of  a. 
separate  conflict  between  Spaia 
and  France  (though  matter  for 
grave  consideration)  was  less  to  be 
dreaded,  than. that  all  the  great 
powers  of  the  continent  should 
have  been  arrayed  toother  against 
Spain;— and  although  the  first 
object,  in  pouit  of  importance,  in- 
deed, was  to  keep  the  peace  alto- 
gether,— to  prevent  any  war 
against  Spain — ^the  first>  in  point 
of  time,  was,  to  prevent  a  gesieral 
war ; — ^to  el^nge  the  question  firoia 
a  question  between  the  allies  on 
one  side,  *and  Spain  on  the  other, 
to  a  question  between  nation  and 
nation.  Thif,  whatever  the  result 
Height  be,  would  reduce  the  quar- 
rel to  the  siBe  of  ordinary  events, 
and  bring  it  within  the  sc^  of 
ordinary  diplomacy*  The  imme- 
diate object  of  England,  therefor«>« 

t  Bcu  Pspcrs,  Class  B,  No.  14.      '. 


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38]       ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1823. 


was,  to  liinder  die  knpress  of  ajoim 
duuraoter^  f rom  beii^  affisied  to  the 
war — if  war  there  must  be,^^with 
Spain ; — to  take  care  that  ihe  war 
diould  not  grow  out  of  an  assumed 
lurisdiction  of  the  congress; — to 
Meep  within  reasonalde  bounds 
that  predominating  areopagitioal 
spirit,  which  the  memorandum  of 
the  British  cabinet,  of  May  1820, 
describes,  as  *  beyond  the  sphere  of 
Uie  original  conception,  and  un- 
derstood principles  of  the  alliance,' 
—-an  alliance  never  intended  as 
a  union  for  the  government  of  the 
world,  or  for  the  superintendence 
of  the  internal  af^ors  of  other 
states.  And  tl^s^  I  say,  was  ac- 
complished. 

"  With  re^)ect  to  Verona,  then, 
what  remains  of  accusation  against 
the  gehremment?  It  has  been 
charged,  not  so  much  that  the  ob- 
ject of  the  government  wsof  amiss, 
as  that  the  negotiations  were  con- 
dwited  in  too  low  a  tone.  But  the 
case  was  obviously  one  in  which  a 
high  tone  miffht  have  frustrated 
the  object ;  and,  besides,  as  a  tone 
of  reproach  and  invective  vns  un- 
necessary, it  would  have  been  mis- 
pkced.  There  are  others,  who 
think,  that  with  a  view  of  conci- 
liating the  great  powers,  we  ^ould 
have  addressed  them  as  t3rrants  and 
despots,  who  were  trampling  on 
the  rights  and  liberties  of  man- 
kind. J  doubt  whether  it  is  wise 
even  in  Uiis  House,  to  indulge  in 
su^  a  strain  of  rhetoric ; — to  call 
'  wretches'  and  '  barbarians,'  and 
a  hundred  other  hard  names, 
powers,  with  wh(»n,  after  all,  if 
the  map  of  Europe  cannot  be  alto- 
gether cancelled,  we  must,  evea 
according  to  the  admission  of  the 
most  anti-continental  politids^s, 
maintain  some  international  inter- 
course. But  bedie  language  of  good 
Hense  or  good  taste  in  t£j8  House 


vrbBt  it  may,  clear  I  am,  tliat,  m 
di|uomatic  coirespondence*  no  mi* 
nister  would  be  justified  in  rii&ing 
the  friendship  o^  foreign  countries, 
and  the  peace  of  his  own,  by  coarse 
reproach  and  galling  invective; 
and  that  even  uraile  we  are  plead* 
ing  for  the  independence  c^  na- 
ticms,  it  is  expedient  to  respect  the 
independence  of  those  with  whom 
we  plead.  We  differ  widely  from 
our  continental  allies  on  one  great 
principle,  it  is  true;  nor  do  wey 
nor  ought  we  to  disguise  that  dif.» 
ference ;  nor  to  amh  any  occasion 
of  practically  upholding  our  own 
opinion:  but  every  consideration, 
whether  of  policy  or  of  justice, 
combines  vdth  the  recollection  of 
the  counsels  which  we  have  shared, 
and  of  the  deeds  which  we  have 
achieved  in  concert  and  compamon- 
shib,  to  induce  us  to  argue  our 
dinb:ences  of  opinion,  however 
freely,  vnth  temper;  and  to  en- 
force them,  however  firmly,  with.% 
out  insult. 

*'  It  had  been  asked  why  we  sent 
plenipotentiary  to  the  congress  at 
all? — Originally  it  was  not  in- 
tended to  send  a  British  plenipo* 
tentiary  to  Verona.  The  congress 
at  Verona  was  originally  convened 
solely  for  the  consideration  c^  the' 
afbirs  of  Italy,  with  which  Eng- 
land had  decHned  to  interfere  two 
years  before.  England  was  diere- 
fore  not  to  participate  in  those  pro- 
ceedings; and  dl  diat  required 
her  participation  was  to  be  arrang- 
ed in  a  previous  congress  act  Vienna. 
But  circumstances  had  delayed  the 
duke  of  Wellington's  departure 
from  England,  so  that  he  did  not 
reach  Vieoma  till  many  weeks  after 
the  time  appointed.  The  sov^ 
reigns  had  waited  to  the  last  hour 
consistent  with  their  Italian  «r« 
rangenients.  The  option  was  given 
to  our  plenipotentiary  to  meet  Aiom 


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[39 


en  dieir  letum  to  Vienna ;  \mt  it 
WBs  thought,  upon  the  whole>  moie 
convenient  to  avoid  further  d^y  ; 
and  tile  Duke  of  Wellington  there* 
fore  pnxseeded  to  Verona." 

Another  question  had  heen 
ai&ed^  why  Spain  was  not  invited  to 
aendher  amfaasndor  to  the  congrefls, 
Mr.  Cuming  contended,  that  Eng- 
land was  not  the  power,  that  shoum 
have  taken  any  preliminary  stept 
to  that  end,  as  we  did  not  wish 
the  afl&irs  of  Spain  to  be  brou^t 
into  discussion  at  all ;  and,  second* 
ly,  if  Spain  had  been  so  called 
npoD,  the  ambassador  would  have 
been  sent  eidier  as  from  the  king 
of  Spain,  or  as  from  the  cortes. 
On  the  fost  supposition,  the  e&ct 
could  not  have  been  £ivourable; 
and,  on  the  latter,  it  was  equally 
certain  it  would  have  led  to  such  a 
declaration  from  the  alliance,  as 
we  wiiihed  to  prevent. 

The  result  of  the  oonmss  as  to 
Spain,  was  simply  the  discontinu- 
ance of  diplomatic  intercourse 
with  that  power,  on  the  part  of 
Austria,  Russia,  and  Prusaa;— -a 
step  neither  necessarily  ncnr  proba- 
lij  leading  to  war;  perhaps  (in 
some  riews^  rather  diminishing 
tiie  risk  of  it ;  a  step  which  had 
been  taken  by  the  t^une  monarchies 
towai^  Portugal  two  years  before, 
without  leading  to  any  ulterior 
oonaequenoes.  Its  result,  as  to 
Fiance,  was  a  promise  of  oountfr- 
nanoe  and  support  from  the  allies 
in  three  specified  hypothuical 
cases ; — lst»  of  an  attack  made  by 
Spain  on  France ;  Scd,  of  any 
outrage  on  the  person  of  the  king 
or  royal  fimnly  of  Spain ;  Srdly, 
of  any  attempt  to  diangs  the  dy- 
nasty of  that  kingdom. 

Mr.  Ciuming  then  prooeeded  to 

Jmtify  our  coiSuct  in  the  negotia- 

tkms  at  PlEuris.    He  observed,  that, 

'teving  aueccedad  in  preventing  a 


^joiat  operation  against  Spain,  we 
mighthave  restedsatisBed  with  that 
success,  and  trusted,  for  the  rest,  to 
the  reflexions  of  France  herself  on 
the  haaards  of  the  project  in  her 
contemplation;  and  he  owned  that 
we  did  hesitate,  whether  we  should 
not    adopt  that  more  selfish  oxtd 
cautious  policy.    But  there  were 
circumstances  attending  the  return 
of  the    duke    of   Wellington    to 
Paris,  which  directed  the  decision 
another  way.      His  grace  found, 
on  his  arrii^  in  that  capital*  that 
M.  de  Villele  had  sent  back  to  Ve« 
rona  the  drafts  of  the  denmtches 
of  the  three  continental  allies  to 
their  ministers  at  Madrid,  which 
M.  de  Montmorency  had  bfought 
with  him  from  the  congress  ;— had 
sent  them  back  for  re-con«dea« 
tion ;— whether  with   a  view  to 
obtahi  a  chai^  in  their  content, 
or  to  prevent  their  being  forwarded 
to  their  destination  at  all,  did  not 
appear.     At  the  same  time>  it  was 
notorious,  that  a  change  was  likely 
to  occur   in,  the   cabinet  of   t^ 
Tuilleries,  which  did  in  fact  take 
place  shortly  ailerwards,  by  the 
retirement  c^  M.  de  Montmorency, 
the  adviser  df  war  against  Spain. 
And,  in  the  third  place,  it  was  pre- 
cisely at  the  moment  of  the  duke 
of  Wellington's  return    to   Paris 
that    we    received    a  direct  and 
pressing  overture  from  the  Spanish 
government,  which   placed  us  in 
the  alternative  of  either  affording 
our  good  offices  to  Spain»  or  of  re« 
fusing  thenu 

AM  to  this,  that  the  questionhad 
assumed  a  different  shape ;  it  was 
reduced  from  a  contest  between 
Spain  and  a  self-constituted  corpo* 
rate  power,  to  one  between  king« 
dom  and  kingdom.  Accordindiy, 
although  at  \^rona  a  discouraging 
answer  had  be^  given  to  a  propo^ 
of  mediation,  our  plenipotentiary^ 


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40]       A  NJ»  U.^-4.2 Kj^G i-^y^ »,:  1823. 


the  moment  he.  arriy^  at  Parii^ 
dfi^red  that  mediation.      Nor  was 
there  any  inconsistency  here ;  for 
there  was  a  wide  difference  be- 
tween negotiation  with  that  alfi- 
tfnce  ithidi  had  assumed  to  itself  a 
character  which  we  had  denied  hy 
the  memoran4um  of  the  late  loW 
Londonderry,  and   a  negotiation 
between  kingdom  and  kingdom.  It 
had  been  represented,  that  the  re- 
fusal of  our  mediation  by  France 
was  a  blow  which  we  ought  not  to 
have  submitted  to  ;   but  he  must 
beg  it  to  be  distinctly  understood, 
that  the  refusal  of  our  mediation 
was  no  affix)nt,  and  that  to  accept 
our  good  offices,  after  the  refusal  of 
mediation,    was   no    humiliation. 
True  it  was,  that  our  gpod  offices 
were  ineffectual.    Our  failure  had 
been  ascribed  by  some  to  the  in- 
trigues of  Russia ;  but  Mr.  Can- 
ning's conviction  was,  that  the  war 
was  forced  on  the  French  goverfl- 
ment  by  the  violence  of  a  political 
party  in  France ;  that  at  one  time 
the  French  government  hoped  to 
avert  it ;  and  that,  up  to  the  latest 
period,  some  members  of  that  cabi- 
net would    eladly    have   availed 
themselves  of  the  smallest  loop- 
hole, through  which  the  Spanish 
government  would  have  enabled 
them  to  find  a  retreat.     "  But  we, 
forsooth,"  said  he,  "  are  condemned 
as  dupes^  because   our  opponents 
gratuitously  ascribe  to  Prance  one 
'settled,  systematic,  and  invariable 
line  of  policy ; — ^because  it  is  as- 
sumed, that  from  the  beginning 
•  France  had  but  one   purpose  in 
view ;  and  that  she  merely  amused 
the  BtRish  cabinet  from  time  to 
time    with  pretences   which    we 
ought  to  have  had  the  sagacity  to 


flppiatp^    with,    the    9X6^%  J^ 
brou^t  home  a  result  so  9atiRra|5- 
tory  to  France,  that  he  was  modify 
duke  for  his  services.     He.  had  ibbi- 
joyed  his  new  title  but  a  ffew  dm, 
when  he  quitted  his  office.     On 
this  occasion  I  admit  thati  waa^a 
dupe— I  believe  all  the  world  weje 
dupes  with  me — ^for  all  understood 
this  change  of  ministers  to  be  in$- 
cativeof  a  change  in  the  counsels  of 
the  French  cabinet-^a  change  frppi 
war  to  peace.    For  eight  and  &r|y 
hours  I  certainly  was  under  th^t 
deludon ;  but  I  soon  found  that  ^t 
was  only  a  chang^  not  of  the  que^ 
don  of  war,  but  of  the  character  ff 
that  question :  a  chajige,  as  it  was 
somewhat  quaintly  termed — frooi 
European  t;o  Freiich.     The  du^ 
M.  de  Montmorency,  finding  him- 
self unable  to  carry  into  effect  the 
system  of  policy   which  he  had 
engaged,  at  the  congress,  to  sup- 
port m  the  cabinet  at   Paris,   m 
order  to  testify  the  sincerity  of  bis 
engagement,  promptly   and  most 
honourably    resigned^    But    this 
event,  honourable  as  it  is  to  the 
duke     de     Montmorency,     oon;^ 
pletdy   disproves   the   eharge    pf 
dupery  brought  against  us.     Thj^t 
man  is  not  a  dupe,  who,  not  for^ 
seeing  the  vacillations  of  others,  is 
not  prepared  to  meet  them;  l^t 
he  who  is  misled  by  fiolse  pretences 
put  forward  for  the  purpose  of  ini^ 
leading  him.     Before  a  man  can 
be  sam  to  be  duped,  there  must 
have  been   some   settled  purpose 
concealed  from  him,  and  not  dis- 
covered by  him;  but  here  there 
was  a  variation  df  purpose,  a  vari* 
ation  too,  which,  so  far  firom  co^- 
udering  it  then,   or   now,  as  an 
evil,  we  then  hadled  and  still  con- 


detect  If  so,  the  French  govern-  .  sider  as  a  good.  It  was  no  dupery 
ment  had  made  singular  sacrifices  on  our  part  to  acquiesce  In  a  chaiue 
to  appearance.  M.  de  Montmo-  of  counsel  on  the  p^  of  m 
Ttnty  was  sent  to  Verona;  he  nc-  '  French  cabinet,  which  proved  tic 


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JitlSTjOftY  OF  EU/ROPE. 


iC« 


^muk  of  tbe  eongNSi^  ftt.  Vexona  to 
liexachaffl  have  desonb^  k-^bf 
ginBff  .to  the  quaml  wHd  ^^l|l 
the  cfiinactelr  of  a  French  cwajreLi 
'' When  I  first  described  the  ques- 
tkm  respectuiK  Spsan  as  a  Fr^di 
qoesdon,  the  duke  deM qntmorencf 
knidlj  maintaiDed  it  to  be  a  ques- 
tion iouU  Eunmiewne'^  bqt  14* 
de  Chaleaubrian^  upon  B^y  repeat- 
ing the  same  descripticoi  in  the 
sequel  of  that  cofre^poodence,  a4- 
jBitted  it  to  be  a  question  at  op^e 
and  equally  UmU  franfoise  et  UmU 
Emnpiemme  :  -^-^an  explanation,  the 
eoact  meaning  of  i^hnh,  I  acknow« 
ledger  I  do  not  preoiflely  under- 
stand; but  which,  if  it  does  not 
distinctly  admit  the  definition  of  a 


<haye  leAifed^diB  wOiild  'hay0 
;£Bfii^  tliem-ito  Fxatioe*  To 
.us  she  n^ight — she  did  give  them, 
withpui  low^ing^er  digpit}r*  >  ^ 
The  other  diluted  point*,  tm 
lUs  part  of  the  paae,  wiw  our  sHg- 
.g^stkm  to  Spa^  of  ^  expediaonor 
;pf  adc^ting  some  nfodificntions  of 
>er  oonsUlution.    The    ehannel, 

through  whic|i  thftt  suggestion  was 
'm$idey  was  t1^  most  prop^  tbfVt 
.pould  Intye  been  sdeded  i  wd  tjie 

sugsestion  itsejlf  was  sudi  as  Spm 
-m^t  hftve  aci^ded  to  wi^ut  duh 

eiaoe  and  without  danger,  and>  if 
^Uo^ed,  would  have  pievesatAd 

all  the  evils  that  now  amiyfce9«d 
.Europe.    Mr.    Canning  did  not 

blame  the  Spajoiards  for  having  ve- 


qoestioa  JPTianfOMe,  seems  at  least  .fused  to  m^e'cmy  sacrifice  to  tenon 
to  negative  M.  de  Montmorency's    poiaiy    n^cesiity ;    but    still    he 


defimtion  of  a  questicm  iouie  Eweo- 

'     Mr.  Canning  passed  next  to  the 
last  stage  of  the  proceedings — our 
nesotiations  at  Madrid.     The  first 
pomt  complained    of  here,  was, 
that  we  had  adaed  the  Spanish  go- 
vernment for    assurances  of  the 
ssfiety  ci  the  royal  family.    The 
inswer  was,  that  one  of  tiie  causes 
of  war  prospectively  agreed  upon 
at  Verona,  was  any  act  of  personal 
violence  to  the  king  of  Spain  or 
hiafinnify.  We  endeavoured,  there- 
fsn,  to  obtain  such  assuitmoes  f lom 
Spain  as  should  remove  the  ai^re- 
heofion  of  any  sueh  outrage — not 
because  the  Bntish  cii))inet'thous^t 
thosea«uraaces  necessary— -tetbe- 
becaose  k  might  be  of  the  greatest 
advantage  to  the  cause  (rf  Spain, 
that  we  should  bQ  able  to  proclaim 
(Mir  conviction,  tlmt  upon>this  piunt 
there  was  nothing  to  apprehend ; 
and  thai  we  diiwd  thius  possess 
thameansof  provii^to  Fiance  that 
•he  had  no  ease,  aastqg  out  of  .the 
conferences  of  Verona,  (»  justify  a 
war.  Sn^haysuDHicesJ^wia.  might 


kmoited  the  result  of  the  refusal. 
Of  this  he  was  quite  sure,  that 
,pven  if  the  Snanwds  were  justi- 
fied in  point  of  hooour  in  ol^iMstisg 
to  concede,  it  would  haveoeenja 
most  nwnantic  point  of  hooowr  in 
.Great  Britain  whioh  wOMld  have 
induced  her  np|  to  recommend  eon- 
cession.    It  h^  been  saidj   tlvit 
every  thing  was  requirad  of  l^ain^ 
■and  nothing,  of  France.    That  he 
utterly  deniad.     Fzimce  said  -to 
Sp^^  **  Your  internal  state  dia- 
quiets   me;^'  and    l^^ain  teplied 
to  France,  **  Your  Army  of  Ob- 
servation^ disquiets   me."    There 
were,  tihefefore,  but  two  xsami^ 
.—-war  or  concession  j  and  why  was 
J&n^bad  fastidioiMiy  lojiiiy, ''  Qor 
notions  of  nogtHoitBrfiBQVifie  aaa  ao 
strict^  that  .we  cannot^  advise  .yaii 
jevc3if«ryQ|irgopd;  thongh^wfaC- 
ever.iawicesflbn  you  jaay  "^he, 
will  be  me^  hy  co^BiaVBidiiig  «»- 
cession  on  die  pait  of  rami^' 
Undoubtedly  the  removal  af  jAe 
Arnx^jA  Observation  waaaa  moah 
an  iatomal.mtaauveavtha  ranioval 
of  any  Uot  in  the  oonatitutioa  Jif 


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4S(]       A  N  K  U  A  L  R  E  G I  ST  E  It,   1823. 


0|Nuki«   AkCOot&tskfpYf  thor6  wBk  no 
iBBtanoe  hi  wHeh  Spain  had  been 
dcifetjd  to  yield  flmj  part  of  her  in- 
fltitotloiu^  hi  whMh  it  was  not 
rfwjgltanemisly  held  out  to  her>  that 
Franoei  on  that  oonditiony  woufi 
withdraw  hei;^  Army  of  Obeemir 
tion.     England  did  not  pretend 
to   my,    which    of  the    parties 
was     righty    or    which   wrong, 
hut  ihe  saw  that  war  was  the 
inerilable  consequence  of  perse- 
▼eranoe ;  and,  if  concession  wef^ 
nuide  on  the  one  side,  she  under- 
took to  procure  it  on  the  othn.  **  I 
do  not  pretend/'  said  Mr.Canning, 
**  to  dmde,  whefiher  the  ftihnher  ci 
legishlive  chamber^  in  Spainidiould 
be  one,  two,  or  three.     In  God's 
luune  let  them  tiy  what  experi* 
ttent  in  political  scknoe  they  win, 
pn>viAed  we  are  Hot  «Aeied  by 
the  trial    All  that  Great  BHtain 
has  done  on  this  occasion,  has  been, 
not  to  disturb  the  course  cf  pdi- 
lical  expcariment,  but  to  endeavour 
loat^rtlbecalaniityof  wttr.  Good 
God  I  when  k  is  remembered  how 
many  erds  are  compressed  into 
«iiat  litde  word  '^  ffur"— is  it  pas- 
Bible  for  any  man  to  heshate  in 
urging  every  expedient  that  couU 
overt  it,   without  samfidng  the 
honour  of  the  party  to  which  his 
advice  was  tendered?  Mosteamest- 
ly  do  I   wish  that  the  duke  of 
Wellington    had  succeeded:    but 
great  is  the  consolation  that,  ao- 
oording  to  the  best  accounts  hom 
S^ain,  his  counsels  luwe  not  been 
msimderstDod  there,  Itoweverthey 
iMnre  been  mismreiented  here*    I 
beMevttthait  I  might  with  tmth  90 
flulhav  Mid  My,  thut  tfacve  are 
diose  itt'^aiii,  who  now  r0pmt 
iStke  t%id  cota»  puiMied/amd  wiio 
tte  begfaming^to  ask  eadi  ether-^* 
Whyr  th^heUoirt-sopeitlaadDUiiy 
sumstiens  at   onee  to 
uTjo  reasonaUet   My 


wish  wai^  that  Spain  should  he 
nved ;  that  she  should  be  saved^ 
before  the  extremity  of  evil  had 
come  upon  her'— even  by  the  mak- 
ing of  diose  concessions,  which,  in 
the  heat  of  national  pride,  she 
refbsed.  Under  any  circumstances, 
however,  I  have  sdll  another  con- 
solation—the consolation  of  know- 
ing, that  never  horn  the  com- 
mencement ci  these  negotiation^, 
has  Spm  been  allowdl  by  the 
Britiidi  government  to  lie  under  the 
delusion  that  her  refusal  of  all 
modifications  would  induce  Eng- 
land to  join  her  in  the  war.  The 
very  earliest  communication  made 
to  Spain  forbade  her  to  entertain 
any  such  rdiance.  She  was  tiM 
at  the  be^ning,  as  she  was  told 
in  the  end^  that  neutrality  was  our 
determined  policy. 

"  France,  on  the  contrary,  WAs 
never  assured  ci  the  neutrality  ef 
England,  till  my  despatch  of  the 
81st  of  March  was  communicated 
to  the  French  mini^ay  at  Paris. 
The  speech  of  the  king  of  France, 
on  tlK  openii^  of  the  duunbeis, 
excited  not  only  strong  feelinas  of 
disapprobation    by  the  principles 
which  it  avowed,  but  serious  ap- 
ptdiensions  for  the  fnture>  from 
the  designs  which  it  a^eared  to 
disclose.     I  have  no  difficulty  in 
saying,  that  the  speech,  ddivered 
from  the  British  throne  at  the 
commencement  of  the  praent  ses- 
sion,   did,    as   originnily  drawn, 
contain  an  avowal  ot  oar  intention 
to  pcescrve  neutrality ;  but,  upon 
tiw  arrival  of  the  Idnr  of  France^s 
^aetii,  ^e  paragraph  containing 
unt  avowal  was  withdrawn  t  aim 
I  pMM^  tcdd  tha  French  Cbovg^ 
d'  ^Affioaes,  that  sudi  an  iattma'. 
tkm  hadHbeen  intended,  but  tiiat  h 
was  withdrawn,  in-  consequence  of 
the  speech  (^  the  king,  his  master. 
Was  this  tniddhig  to  France  ^ 


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HISTORY  OF  EUROPE. 


[4t 


*^Tt  wat  not,  however,  on  «•• 
eoanc  of  Spoia  that  the  pledge  of 
neotmlity  was  wiUufarawa :  at  was 
vrthdrawn  upon  pnmnpleB  oi 
geaoral  policy  on  the  part  of  thb 
country — ^beoniae  there  was  that 
in  the  long  ctf  France's  medi, 
whidi  appeared  to  carry  France 
and  Enguuid  hack  to  their  poaition 
in  older  timei^  when  Franccj  at 
i^arded  the  affiiirs  of  Spain,  had 
hf»n  the  moceffful  rival  of  £ng« 
land.  Under  soch  circunutancei, 
itholioTed  the  English  ministers 
to  he  upon  their  guard.  We  were 
upon  our  guard.  Could  we  prore 
oar  caution  more  than  hy  widi- 
holding  that  assurance,  which 
would  at  once  have  set  France  at 
ease?  We  did  withhold  that  aa> 
suraaee.  But  it  was  one  ihwif^  to 
withhold  the  dadaratioa  oi  neu* 
tnlity,  and  anoUier  to  vary  the 
pnxpose. 

"  Spain,  iheui  I  repeat,  has  never 
Wen  misled  hy  the  British  govern* 
BMnt.  But  I  fear,  neverthdiessy 
thai  a  notioD  was  in  some  way  or 
odier  created  at  Madrid,  that  if 
Spain  would  hut  hold  out  reso- 
lutdy,  the  fixyremment  of  England 
would  he  forced  hy  the  popular 
voice  in  this  country,  to  take  pait 
m  her  fisvour.  I  infer  no  blame 
against  any  one ;  hut  I  do  firmly 
h^iere  that  such  a  notion  was  pro* 
pagated  in  Spain,  and  that  it  had 
great  dure  in  producing  the  pe« 
reasptary  tefuau  €i  any  moditot^^ 
tion  of  the  constitution  of  1812." 

Such  was  the  tencv  and  the  ea« 
senee  of  Bfr.  Canning^s  justification 
of  our  conduct  in  tl»  negotiations, 
m  leference  to  its  fitness  to  accom* 
plish  the  end  which  we  had  in 
view  the  prcsei'  vanon  ta  peace* 
He  diea  proceeded  to  Ihe  oonsi- 
ierataon  of  die  second  (piestion-^ 
how  fiEo-  ministers  had  jud^  cor«> 
lectly  in  resolvbg  to  awtnn  horn 


;  and  Ae  diowed  that 
was  the  policy  psescnbod  to  i 
Is^  by  the  situation  e(  Spain; 
jtedly,  by  the  sitoation  of  France; 
A:dly,  by  the  situation  of  Portugal ; 
4thly,  1^  the  situation  of  the  AllI- 
anee ;  Kthly,  If  the  peculiar  sitUA* 
tion  iji  Ei^B^and;  and  lastly  by 
the  general  state  of  the  world.-** 
The  civil  discussions  amoziff  tha 
%ianiards  themselves — the  £inger 
of  again  limiting  up  revolutionary 
flames  in  France— ^he  assurances^ 
which  we  had  received,  that  the  iiw 
dependence  of  Portugal  would  be 
respected,  and  the  oonditions  of 
our  tnaties  with  that  ancient  allv,' 
which  bound  us  to  assist  her  aw 
in  case  of  an  ui^provdEed  attach 
upon  her  terzitoiT^-^e  circum- 
stance that  France  did  not  at  pira* 
sent  receive,  and  was  not,  aoDord* 
ing  to  the  xesolntions  adiq^teda^ 
Veronat  entitled  to  tuk  tar,  the 
assist  nncc  ai  the  allies^  in  whseb 
respect  a  material  diange  might  be 
produced  in  the  aspect  of  a£Bui% 
if  the  British  government- took  « 
decided  paat  in  support  of  the 
Spaniaids-*«the  necessity  of  not 
exposing  the  resources  of  the 
country,  now  in  a  course  of  rapid 
r&^[m)duction,  to  any  sudden  check, 
until  vre  bad  turned  the  comer  of 
our  difficuMes,  and  assured  our* 
selves  of  means  and  strength,  not 
only  to  begin  the  conflict,  but  to 
keep  it  up,  if  necessary,  for  aa 
indefinite  lengdi  of  tiuM,  «nd  on 
an  adequate  scale  (and  what  an 
adequate  scale  mi^t  be,  could  be 

Stberei  from  thus  that»  dufing* 
e  two  yeais  and  ahalf  pnerte^ 
the  eondusioBi  of  the  oampajnof 
1614,  the  eofMise  ineinred  in 
Spain  end  Fsrkigpl  was  about  M 
miHions  ilefling)-**the  essential 
neutral  station  of  England  in  Ihei 
political  sjritem  of  Eumpe,  aeutial 
mH  only  as  between  eeatepdio^ 


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«4]      ANNL^A1>   RBGhSTER;!  1823. 


pi^ni^  pnnciplef'  cv  wBiimited 
moBsrchy  on  yhe  one  Hand,  abd 
ludiniited  democracy  <tti  tlie  other  ; 
rHJieae  were  the  topict  on  which 
Mr.  Cannii^  iniuted,  to  show 
that  peace  wm  the  path  pointed 
oat  -to  U8  by  our  own  most  im- 
portant interests  and  those  ci  the 
world. 

^^  By  reBkaming  at  peaoe  oinv 
adhp»Sy"jaid  Mr.  Canning,  '^  we  hot 
feeuxe  Portugal ;  hy  remaining  at 
peaoe,  we  trice  the  best  dianoe  of  div 
enmscrihingthe  range,  and  shorten- 
ing the  duratioA  of  the  war,  which 
yre  cooldnot  provent  from  breaking 
out  between^  France  and  Spain ; 
by  iwnaining  at  peaoe,  we  shall 
best  enable  oursdvesto  td»  an  ef-< 
lactoal  and  decnive  part  in  any 
oOtttest  into  which  we  may  be 
hoeafter  forced  against  our  snU. 
:  ^  So  far,  then,  as  the  interests 
and  honour  of  Great  Britain  are 
eoncemed,  those  interests  and  that 
boBoor  have  been  scrupulously 
matntained.  Great  Britain  hsts 
eome  out  oi  the  ne&otiations, 
oboming  all  the  reqiect  tioat  is  due 
to  her ;  and,  in  a  tone  not  to  be 
mistidLen,  ei^ordng  all  her  rights. 
It  is  true  that  her  policy  has  not 
been  violent  ot  precipitate.  She 
has  not  flpcuag  fcoth  armed,  from 
die  impulse  of  a  sudden  indigna^ 
tion;  she  has  looked  before  and 
aUter;  she  has  reflected  on  all  the 
oircumstanoes  whidi  beset,  and  on 
aU  die  consequences  which  may 
fellow,  so  aw^  a  decision  as  war  ; 
and  instead  of  descending  into  the 
arena  as  a  pvty  in  a  qirarrel'  not 
h«rown,  she  hiUateUHied  the  atti^ 
lode  and  dw  attributes  of  jutflcie, 
hdLding  high  the  balanoe,  and 
gm^g,  butnot  unahoathing,  the 


Mr.  Canning  oonakided,  byem^ 
^liiniBg  the  paiagrafJis«of  U^^pro? 


pined  addiess^  add  ditwiM  Afllf  it 
^as  not  <mfy  onwartanted  by  thn 
facts  of  die  ease,  but  was  iticenais- 
tent  widi  itself  and  with  the  prin- 
dples  expressed  by  its  supporters. 
"^  It  is  affirmed,"  said  he,  ''  diat 
we  are  now  on  die  eve  of  war,  the 
peace  which  we  have  miuntaineA 
being  insecure.  If  we  are  on  the> 
eve  0£  wtfr,  will  not  diis  be  the 
first  time  diat  'a  Biitish  House  c^ 
Parliament  hsfs  aj^roached  the 
throne,  on  such  an  occaAm, 
without  eveB  a  conditional  pledge 
of  support  ? — If  war  is  a  matter 
even  of  possible  contemplation,  it 
'burdy  becomes  this  House  ei^er 
to  concur  in  an  address  for  the  re- 
moval of  the  ministers  who  have 
needk^y  inc^urred  that  danger; 
or,  as  the  amendment  moved  by 
the  hon.  member  for  Yctrkshike 
proposes,  to  tender  to  his  maki^ 
a  cordial  assurance,  that  this  HoMee 
will  stand  by  his  majesty  in  ras- 
taining  the  dignity  of  his  Crown, 
and  the  rights  and  interests  of  his 
people.  I  trust,  therefirae.  Sir, 
that  by  rejecting  this  most  inoosv 
rect  and  inadequate  address — as 
unworthy  of  the  House  as  it  is  of 
the  occasion ; — an  address  contra- 
dictory in  some  parts  to  itself;  in 
more,*to  the  established  fads  of  die 
case ;  and  in  all,  to  the  ascertained 
sense  of  the  Country—- and  by  adopt- 
ing, in  its  rQom<^the  afoendment 
moved  by  die^hon.  member  fmr 
Yoi^Ldiixe,  and  seconded  by  the  hon. 
member  for  London — the  House 
will  stamp  the  policy,  which  the 
king's  niinisters  have  pursued — 
fe^y  perhaps — perhaps  erroneous- 
ly— but  at  all  events  £nmi  pure  mo- 
tived; ki  thesiacerity  of  their  hearts ; 
andascon4ucive,  in  their  judgment, 
to  the  tranquillity,  welfare,  andhap- 
piness,  not  of  this  country  only, 
but  of  the  world-^widi  that  high^t 
of  all  sanodonii,  the  delib^mte  fip-. 


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HIBTOay.  OP  EUKOPE. 


\A& 


fkok^iltm  of  tte  HouM  of  Oom^ 


ThU  speech  was  one  of  the  hi^ 
pieft — in  boob  respects,  ]perliaps> 
the  bi^piest-^^if  Mr.  Camnmgfs  ef- 
forts ;  and.  one  of  the  most  tnily 
adminiUe  (diou^  not,  .in  external 
g)an»  the  most  ^^endid)  qieoimena 
q£  modem    deuberatiTe   oratory. 
What  we  look  at  the  mass  of  ma* 
toials  wiUi  which  he  had  to  deal, 
—-the    hij^    abstract    prindplea 
which  he  had  to  express  sin^y 
and  ckauiy  and  to  brin^  to  beiu:^ 
opon  the  subject- ^he  distinct  yet 
natozal  arranfl^ment  of  the  whole 
—the  mutttaisubotdination  of  the 
parts    thp  sidl&l  analysis  of  a 
cqmplicatwi  series  of  &ctSy  of  which 
the  most  imtiortant  are  placed  in 
due  relief  boore  the  n^na,  and  the 
outline  of  ihe  whole  is  dear^  d^ 
fined— fihe  artM  yet  ahnost  im- 
pertyptihle    combination    of    the 
statement  df  dxeumstanoes   with- 
sock  ohservations  and  inaxims  as 
tbow  upon  them  the  colour  most 
.        fiemmrBhle  to  the  impressioa  which 
^        the  qpeaker  wishes  to  make— the 
iatermizture  of  qportive  raillery  of 
his  oj^mnentSy  so  livefy  as  to  niake 
them  join  in  the  laugh  at  them- 
sdsesy  and  yet  too  li^t^nd  gay  to 
hurt  even  the  most  sensitive— ^e 
at)/$ing^rm  (a  jra«e  prudence  in  Mr. 
Canning)  &om  every  thing  that 
ocmld  orond .or  mortify  his  adver* 
iBiiea^r^he  abiH^  wiUi  which  he 
cnUsta  upon  his  si^  the  principles 
snd  the  love  of  freedom^  and  puts 
tfaem  bolfiy  forth  in  the  front  of 
his  battle— to  say  nothing  of  the 
eoBtinuous  texture  of  the  whcde 
eomposition;    of  the  persoieuity, 
■mj^icityy   and  flowing  elegance 
of  the  language;  and  of  the  ab- 
temee  of  all  conspicuous^  or  aiaring> 
or  ertrinik  amament,  of  m  oma- 
WfBBtwUeh  does  not  seem  neces*- 
mSkf  inttrwgvea  with  the  frame 


of  the  discourse  its^aflf  part  e#fta^ 
wwy  waro  and  woof:  when -we 
look  at  alt  these  high  exoellencter 
of  tfab  speech^  we  shall  not  wonder 
at  the  persuasive  effeet  whidi  ii 
psoduced,  and  the  admiration  whidlf 
It  exdted  in  the  House  and  in  ^e 
Country  lit  laree.  ,  v 

It  was  the  dlotted  duty  of  Mr.' 
Broufi;ham  to  reply  to  Mr.  Canninff.-' 
For  this  he  had  reserved  hitiis^ 
during  three  nights  of  debate ;  anl 
the  expectatbn  of  a  splendid  effort- 
of  rivalry  on  his  part  was  in-  some 
degree  heightened  by  the  circuniF^' 
stance,  that  only  a  few  nights  had^ 
elapsed,  since  language  l^iid  passed 
between  him  and  Mr.  Canning,  sa 
violent,  as  to  have  led  almost,  to 
personal  hostility.*    Never,  how*' 
ever,  was  ^expectation  more  com-» 
]^etdy  disappointed.     Far  ftau^: 
reaching  the  excellence  which  ^f  r.' 
Cunning     had     exhibited,     Mr*^ 
Brou|il»m,  on  this  occasion,  ML  ili*^ 
fimtdy  below  his   own  prdhmryj 
level.     His  speedt   had   ndther^ 
argument,  nor  happy  illustration, 
nor  vigour  of  expresshyn,  nor  bit*^ 
temess  of  sarcasm :  itwas  a  tissue 
of  desultory  observations,  not  lead-*" 
ing  to  any  definite  conclusioi},  and' 
ttnmced  with  any  f didty  of  styl?. 

The  Opposition  saw,  that  the 
iftinisters  would  triumph:  by  9 
majority  unusually  great  To; 
prevent  this,  the  {dan,  which  they' 
adopted,  was,  to  avoid,  if  possiUe^ 
a  division,  and  themselves  to  suV; 
stitute  the  amendment  for  the 
original  address^  upon  the  pretext, 
that  i^  was  mpst  desirable,  thit 
nothing  should  happen,  which 
might  make  th«  peo^  of  the  con- 
dnent  believe  thilt  there  was  aay 
difference  of  sentiment  in  Ae  Eng-  ' 
Hsh  House  of  Commoos,  with  re- 
spect to  the  character  of  the  Frendi  . 


-♦  Se^-Clisp.'ITofthisvolums^' 


,   > 


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46]       ANNUAL   RBGISTBR.   1823. 


aotnige  (m  fljprin  Aoooid]|i|^yt 
lir.  Brooghsm  ocmduded  lus 
speech  hf  sequesting  Mr.  M'Donald 
to  wcrifice  hu  own  feeliMgi  to  the 
general  uaanimi^,  and^  for  that 
parpose,  to  abstain  from  pceaiu^^ 
the  Home  to  a  diviaon.  In  the 
moderato  amendment  pn^KMedby 
thememberfor  YaAahxte,  heeonld 
aee  no  inreat  approbation  of  the 
eondact^gom^t.  ItKemed 
tobe  of  that  neutral  character^  that 

Sve  trimnph  to  neither  side  of  that 
ouse.  It  went  at  most  to  a  half 
approval  of  the  conduct  of  minis* 
ters^  and  had  more  of  war  in  it 
than  the  orifinal  address.  He 
therefore  imp&ed  the  House  not 
to  let  the  question  go  to  a  yote> 
which  might  be  misconstrued  by 
persons  alnoad^  who  did  not  under- 
stand our  f onns,  into  an  appro- 
bation d  the  conduct  of  France. 

Mr.  M'Donald  then  intimated 
his  willhumess  to  withdraw  hii 
motion.  To  the  amendment  he 
had  na  objection,  and  should  vote 
tatH,  if  It  were  allowed  to  stand 
«s  the  address. 

Mr.  Secretazj  Canning  said,  that 
isfter  having  sufifeied  Ibr  tiiree  hmg 
nights  the  constant,  unceasing^  n&» 
remitting,  and  uniiparing  lectures 
of  die  hon.  gentlemen  opposite,  £at 
a  too  ready  concession  to  the  views 
of  foreign  powers,  it  was  incum« 
bent  upon  him  and  his  ooUeaffues 
to  show,  that  they  hpd  profited  by 
the  lesson  that  had  been  taught 
diem,  and  that,  though  saUsned 
themselves  with  the  amendment, 
they  could  not  concur  in  the  sug- 
gestion of  withdrawing  the  original 
motion. 

The  gallery  was  then  cleared  for 
a  division.  The  Opposition  mem- 
bers rose  in  a  body  to  leave  the 
House.  Some  ministerial  mem- 
bers below  the  bar,  having,  how- 
ev^,  called  for  a  division^   th^ 


deorsware  in 

and  the  Opposition  memb^s  ' 
eompdled  to  remain  in  the  House. 
The  Speaker  then  put  the  question 
on  Mr*  McDonald's  original  motiim, 
which  was  negatived  without  a  d»- 
visien*  He  neit  put  die  question 
on  Mr.  Sfeoart  Wortley's  amend- 
ment The  Ministerial  membera 
cried  "  Aye  i"  the  Opposition 
members  remained  silent.  The 
Speaker  declared,  diat  the  questioit 
was  carried  in  the  affinnadve. 
Some  members  on  the  ministexial 
side,  anxious  diat  a  division  should 
take  place,  called  out  ihat  the 
''  Noes"  had  the  m^ority.  The 
Speaker  diereupon  desired  thoie, 
who  intended  to  vote  for  die  amend- 
ment, to  go  in  to  thelbbby,  andthose 
who  meant  to  vote  against  it,  to 
remain  in  die  House.  The  Oppo* 
sition  proceeded  into  the  lobby,  to* 
aether  widi  the  ministerial  voten  ; 
hot  a  few  members  on  both  aidea 
were  shut  in  the  House,  in  consDi* 
quence  of  die  lobby  being  too  small 
to  contain  die  united  numbem. 
The  numbers  were—- For  the 
Amendment,  372 ;  Against  it,  £0 : 
Maion^,  .352. 

The  triumph  of  die  ministers  oif 
tins  occasum  deterred  dieir  advier- 
SBiies  from  brinf;ing  the  subjeee 
again  into  discussion.  Some  debate, 
indeed,  arose  on  a  raodon,  which 
earl  Grev  made  am  the  ISdi  of 
May,  for  the  producdon  of  papera 
reladve  to  the  capture  of  a  Spanish 
vessel  by  a  French  ship  of  war  in 
the  West-Indies,  long  before  the 
commencement  of  hostilities  in 
Europe,  and  to  the  rdadons  of 
France  with  the  Provisional  Re« 
gency  of  Spain  on  the  one  hand, 
and  die  alued  monarchs  on  the 
other  hand.  But  the  discu^ion 
was  languid,  turning  chiefly  on 
collateraf  points  (more  eqieciaUy 


09  Mr.  Canning's  alleged  abandon^ 


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HBTORY  OF  EUROPE. 


£4> 


of  tiie  eouie  of  Boaiiii  Cft> 
iheXic  Emanciptttiao,  a  tape,  ooiw 
tainly,  not  veij  dudj  caomotteA 
with  the  invasioii  of  Spain) ;  and, 
finally^  the  matioii  was  nc^^red 
without  a  diTisaii. 
.  There  can  be  no  douh^  hut  that 
the  policy  of  miniateK  on  this 
great  qncstion  wai  general^  ap- 
pcored  by  the  country*  Somei 
indeed,  widied,  that,  at  Venma, 
if  we  were  unable  to  prerent  the 
allied  lovereigns  from  promulgate 
mg-  their  foannal  denunciation  of 
the  coostitutioniBd  system  of  Spain, 
we  mf^  at  least  have  counteracted 
their  proceeding  by  declariTig  our 

r'  ion  with  equal  boldness  on 
other  side.  And  so,  it  is  true, 
we  mi^t  have  done,  had  the 
notes  of  Russia,  Austria,  and 
Pmana,  proclaimed  or  recommend- 
ed war.  But  they  did  no  such 
thing;  they  merely  oondemned, 
dMUgfa  with  impfoper  oflBeiousness 
and  oonaidecable  harshness  of  Ian* 
gpiage,  a  system  whidi  it  was  im« 
posAle  to  praise,  and  of  which, 
considered  with  refiBience  to  its 
own  intrinsic  demerits*  and  the 
mode  of  its  administration^  it  was 
not  eai^  to  neak  with  too  much 
npiobation.  It  was  thecofem  im^ 
possible  that  we  eould  hare. met 
these  diplomatic  notes  by  an  eulogy 
of  that  state  of  thii^  which  they 
sott^  to  bring  into  disrepute. 
What,  then,  wcnild  have  been  the 
nature  of  our  oounter^-mamfesto  ? 
Siould  its  ot^ect  have  been  to  de* 
precate  war,  and  to  express  our 
disapprobation  of  any  armed  ag- 
eresskm  against  Spain  ?  To  have 
done  so  would  have  been  consistent 
with  our  principles,  but  would  not 
have  been  suitdide  to  the  occasion; 
&r  there  was  no  mention,  no  threat 
of  war  in  the  notes  which  were 
ianed  fitom  Venma*  and  thers&re 
&r  us  to  have  sent  lorth  to  the 


wedd  a  pralese  BgAbst  war,  vriuch 
the  allies  had  i^uther  anaounoed 
nor  a|iplauded,  would  have  been 
altogether  out  of  place,  and  would 
have  been  mudi  more  likely  to 
asoslnrate  than  to  Hvert  the  appear* 
handed  evih 

But  4iie  people,  ^bao^  ikmf. 
applauded  the  modeiatien  and  pni^ 
doice  of  our  ministets,  were  net 
the  less  aealous  hi  their  widies  for 
the  success  of  the  Spankids;  and 
the  ardour  of  these  wishes  {oo- 
duced  a  corres^ndinjp  alacrity  of 
hope.  The  arrival  of  the  French 
in  Madrid  did  not  excite  much 
surprize ;  for  it  was  not  expected, 
that  any  strong  resistance  would 
be  made  to  them,  till  the  extended 
length  of  their  line  and  the  mul-> 
t^^hcation  ai  their  oonununic»« 
tions  had  weakened  them  upon 
particular  pomts.  The  treadMsxy 
g£  D' Abisbal  excited  serious  fear^ 
whidi  acauirednetw  strength,  when 
the  invadors  weie  allowed  to  ie«* 
main  tranquil  in  Madrid,  without 
any  serious  attempt  to  molest  them 
in  their  rear,  or  to  interriM  their 
intttooune  with  the  mnstsar. 
When  they  began  to  move  forward 
fiBooi  ^UiaA,  it  was  hoped  thaft 
they  would  he  enveloped  on  «ther 
side  by  MoriUo  and  BaOaststoi^ 
and  that  their  further  p«)ggass>  at 
lent,  woold  be  arrested.  Thesr 
anticipations,  hkewtse,  proved 
empty  dreams.  The  armies  df 
Spain  disappeared;  her  patriei 
chiefs  deserted  to  the  foe;  and 
Cadis  was  once  more  beleaguered 
by  a  Frendi  army.  Even,  under 
these  circumstances,  we  were  un- 
willing to  deqpair  of  the  cause  of 
freedom.  CadUs,  we  knew,  had 
all  the  physical  means  of  resist- 
ance ;  and  we  could  not  suppose, 
that  courage  to  make  these  means 
availably  would  be  wanting.  The 
Aegd,  we  flattflDr«doQndves»  would. 


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481       ANNUAt   REGISTER,    1823. 

UjmtnMtedy  tallnlie MKiurdiii(#  tittn  htfd  MtliMo  been  reetiteAV 

ijkit  BMnlmtB  woold-b^ii  to  li^  ynd'  loctti;  af.  the  some  time  that 

othabflted/  and  the  «pptoariiiiitf'>  tlief  ^tojaikred  tl^  "fote  and  d^ra* 

jbckmency  ui  the  0amm  wpcdl  datkm'of  aptopte  tbataigfatbvef' 

Mnyel  them  «a  retreat*    At  lail'  lieen  greats  fanind,  in  the  result  of 

tiw  n|d  reiditf  dinipated  delnmn^^  the  war^  additicmal  resMoa  ier  coxi'^ 

and  forced  upon  the  poUie  nind^  cAriituktmff  themsdTes  en  ^bst  piu- 

tnier  id^aa  df  the  aiate  of  Spain  Jtenee  of  Uieir  own  rtdert. 


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^f 9irQ»y  9f  j;uii©pp. 


[4» 


CHAP.   ip. 

jSi^s  ^Indkttncnt  preferred  agamsi  the  ^^ti/ot^s  in  thfi  Dublin  Theatre 
. — faihre  qf  iho^c  liiih  in  consequence  of  the  Jl^ding  qf  the  Grand 
Jur^ — iiemarh  of  the  AUonu^  Genercfon  this  refiuUr-The  Grand 
^¥r^  vindkaU  their  Cmtdnct — ^'-officio  f^aimiUims  ^fil^  a^aiiuf 
ijte  ^(^crs—Re^tult  qf  iluir  TrialrrRemarks  on  these  Proceedrngs-rr . 
Motions  qf  Mr-  Broivnlony  and  Ccjond  Ba^ry  for  the  Pnodvction  cf 
P^pcr^-^PeiiHon  from  t/ie  Grand  /uru-r^far.  Brawnknv's  Motion 

.  agaiust  Mr^  Phmeit :  Mr.  Plunkelt'fi  pefmce:  course rf the  Debate 
,— Petition  qf  the  Shmjf  and  Graak^Mru  ^  Dublin,  cattung  fof 
fjiq^jru  Into  their  CawdttctSir  I*,  purdetfs  Motion  for  Inquiry 
Cf/^^rifd-^Cgitrse  and  Remtll  of  the  In^iry — State  of  Ireland:   vior 

.  fence  of  Parttf  Dhiscnsiofis :  exientionw  the  system  qf  outrageous 
Qti^ci'S  upon  Persofts  and  Property — insurrection  Act  rcnewedr-^ 
Pfovidm^qft/w  Bit  I  aulliorhing  Qimpositio^sfor  Tithes:  course  ^ 
fh^  BiVth^^gh  Ibe  tfijo  Houses — jifi^hiefs  of  the  system  rf granting 

/  lipases  to  pu^erqujs  Jdifit'Tenants :  Remedy  ofjphed  to  that  Ev%L~^ 
J^ftale  ft^  Mr*  firou^i^m's  Motion  concerning  tie  Administration  qf 
Jfi^icesn  Irelandrrrmr.  flum/e^s  Motiofi  against  the  Church  Estor 
Msh^p^ent  .^  Irelandrr-His  Motion  on  the  Vu^e^regal  Qffice^^Othet 
Mqiiofi^  r^^ve  tQ  trdandr^Stflte  (Jf  Ireland  towards  the  end  cf  the 


«rnH£  oi^tr^  against  lord  >Vel- 
JL  lealey;i  wlncli  &(i  b^acommit- 
.tol  in  ^^  Publin  tliea,tre  on  the 
.  14ith  fjf,  I),eq^ix\ber  in  the  preceding 
j^y  l^  to  con^uenc^^  which  ex,« 
{Qted  i^>  sm^  agi^tjon  in  t^  feel,- 
il^g^tf  the  d^erent  political  parties 
it  fthat  quarter  of  the  empire.  Two 
^4fie  ^aoteiis^  Handwich  a^d  Gn^ 
Jlt^>  yfje^y  on  ^  ^3rd  of  Decexnr 
.%^  ..^ov^tted  to  Newgate  Mm, 
^^mji^XA,  .which  stated  their  of- 
i^oe  ^  be  riot  and  a  cgnqpir^cy  to 
^B^  ^s^pXy  ^Xexrv^^f  however^ 
)ir;infa|^  of  4^tai^r  vfere  lodged^ 
i^b^r^^nff  them  wj^  a  9onppirac|r 
ii  "Icifl  4i)d  a^v"^"  t^  Aord- 
lieu^^nsuit ;  fuid  pne  Jan^  Forbes^ 
.ap^ipofi  in'^^^^^eotable^tuatipn 
^i^  F%».cqqyft|tt<?d  i^  t^e  sfmfte 
Vol.  LXV. 


<accusat^.  When,  the  January 
Sfumx^  W^yedf  the  attomey-gen- 
jaaral  aW4o]ped  the  charge  of  muiy 
Sjsx,  and  pre£^rred  to  the  grand 
j^ry  two  bills  of  indictment  ag^inAt 
;ten  persons  for  a  riot^  and  a  ooi^- 
^pira^  to  not  After  ,two  day^ 
jpentjn  examinipg  witnesses>  the 
bill,  .which  charged  a  riot,  w^ 
fou^d  only  figainst  tyto  of  the  ao- 
.c\ifi^i.^  apd  a^,  in  law,  two  j)tQi>- 

*T|^i|i  indictment  contained  two 
counts ;  the  first  was  for  a  riot  and  as- 
sault pn  the  person  of  the  lord-lieute- 
nant, f^d)  woul^  have  enabled  the  jury 
.to  have  found  the  riot,  and  negatived 
^e  i^ssau^t,  or  moe  verm ;  and  the  se- 
cond w^  for  a  riqt  generally.  In  the 
first  cpunt,  it  was  charged,  that  the  de- 
fendants, pum  multiM  aUis^  had  commit- 
ted the  riot  and  assault ;  and  in  the  sfs- 


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50]       ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1823. 


sons  onljT  cmnot  be  guilty  of  a 
riot^  this  indictment  in  e&ct  ftik 
ed:  the  other  was  ignored.  When 
theseproceedinfis  were  announced  to 
the  Court  on  we  2nd  of  Janusrj, 
^e  attorney-general  expressed 
his  surprise  at  the  result^  in  lan« 
guaffp.iiot  very  temperate.  .  '^  It  is 
needless  to  observe  to  the  G>urt/' 
saidhe,  'Hhat,  according  to  the  tech- 
nicalities of  our  law,  a  riot  cannot 
be  committed  by  only  two  persons; 
had  even  the  bills  been  found  for 
a  riot  only  against  all  the  parties, 
I  would  have  still  fdt  it  to  be  my 
duty  to  adopt  the  line  of  conduct 
I  am  about  to  intimate  in  the  pre- 
sence of  the  G>urt  I  will  not  ar* 
rogate  to  ntyself  the  office  of  ar- 
raigning the  grand  jury  of  the  dty^ 
(^Dublin;  Uiey  have  discharged 
their  functions  in  the  presence  of 
their  God;  under  the  sanction  of 
a  solemn  oath,  taken  in  the  hce  of 
their  country ;  to  that  God  alone 
are  they  accountable.  But  I  have 
also  a  duty  to  perform — I  will, 
without  anticipating  the  guilt  of 
any  individual,  state  sdemnly,  in 
the  presence  of  this  crowded  au- 
dience, that  in  all  my  readii^s — ^in 
all  my  experience— in  all  the  an- 
nals m  this  unfortunate  country-*- 
I  never  did  fmd  a  case  so  fuHy  de- 
monstrated, of  the  foulest  conspi- 
racy to  riot,  of  so  much  atrocity 
as  scarcely  to  be  heightened  by  the 
aggravation,  that  its  object  was,  to 
insult  and  outrage  the  representa- 
tive of  the  king*s  mitjesty  in  the 
public  theatre.    I  will  eaeroise  the 

ecmd  U  #as  charged,  that  they  had  corn- 
mitted  it  with  each  other,  leaving  out 
the  ewn  muftis  atiit.  It  was  on  this 
'  aecond  count  that  the  grand  jory  found 
the  defendants  guHty ;  but  as  they  had 
not  found  them  guilty  cum  rnuUU  aliU^ 
and  as  two  persons  could  not  in  law  be 
guilty  of  a  riot,  the  finding  was  not  one 
on  which  any  proceedings  could  take 
place. 


pfBBO^ative,  that  the  law  and  000-^- 
•titntion  have  given  to  my  office ;  I 
will  discharge  that  dutj  honestly^ 
and  with  the  blessbg  of  God,  feaiw 
leisly,  unintimidated  by  that  gang 
which  have  formed  themselves  into 
a  Miction  to  beard  the  kind's  go- 
vernment, to  overturn  the  laws  of 
the  country,  and  even  to  insult  and 
outrage  the  very  person  of  the 
king's  representative  in  Iidietudy 
pursuing  the  course  of  outrage  and 
violence  from  the  hostility  that 
they  had  taken  up  against  that  ve- 
nerated nobleman,  for  his  seal  and 
firmness  in  carrying  into  effect  the 
Idng^s  intentions  towards  Ireland, 
of  allaying  the  dissentions,  and 
healing  the  wounds  that  have  af* 
flicted  this  unhappy  country.  Th» 
oourse  of  conduct  that  my  duty  di» 
rects  me  to  pursue,  will  be,  in  the 
execution  of  the  prerogative  an- 
nexed to  my  office,  to  fife  ex  i^ffiao 
informations,  and  speedily  to  bring 
before  the  country  all  die  paitiea 
charged  in  these  indictments."  '  In 
the  mean  time,  till  the  informatiooa 
could  be  filed,  he  held  the  accused 
tobeiL 

On  the  following  day,  the  ju^ 
likewise  expressed  lus  surprise 
at  the  fate  of  the  indictments: 
and  on  the  6th  of  Jannaiy,  the 
grand  jury,  by  their  foreman^ 
Sir  Geoi^  Wldteford,  presented 
to  the  Court  a  strong  remonstrance 
against  the  insinuations  which  had 
been  thrown  out  respecting  dieir 
conduct.  This  remonstrance  con* 
duded  with  the  following  words: 
''It  must  be  recollected,  that  to 
us  exclusively  is  the  evidence 
known  on  which  our  judgment  was 
founded,  and  we  therefiire  trust, 
that  this  high  Court  will  reccivfe 
the  declaration  which' we  now  so- 
lemnly and  unanimously  make, 
that  our  decision  was  the  result  of 
a  laborious  scrutiny  (tf  the  evi« 


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[61 


denee,  of  a  oonKieiitious  oomidem- 
tion  of  its  weighty  and  ctf  a  stncoe 
anxiety  to  adrore  to  the  direction 
of  tiie  learned  jndge,  who  lo  fully 
and  dearly  detail^  to  us  the  na- 
ture of  our  duties,  and  the  princi- 
ides  by  which  we  were  bound  to 
oe  re^dated  in  discharging  them." 
In  the  ensuing  Hik^  term,  in« 
formations  ex  (jfficio  were  filed, 
and  the  rioters  were  pat  upon  their 
trial  in  the  b^inninj^  of  February. 
The  prooeeduigs  bsted  several 
days,*  but  were  ultimately  inef- 
fe^ual:  for  the  jury,  after  beii^ 
diut  up  frcm  ^e  afternoon  of  Fri- 
day to  the  noon  of  Saturday,  and 
bsfing  been  several  ^es  sum- 
moned into  court  by  the  judge, 
were  unable  to  agree,  and  were 
disdwrged  without  having  return- 
ed any  verdict  The  attomey-ge- 
Beral,  being  thus  once  moreb^ed, 
intiBuited,  that  he  would  not  be  de- 
terred by  what  had  hi^ypened  from 
hringinff  the  accused  again  to  trial, 
if  he  £ould  deem  such  a  course 
advisaUe.  Subsequently,  how- 
evor,  it  was  not  thought  prudent 
to  carry  Che  contest  with  the 
Orsage  party  any  further ;  and  a 
"oBe  prosequi  was  entered  upon 
tiiepformations. 

From    the   evidence   produced 

rthe  trial,  it  appeared  dearly 
the  riot  at  the  theatre  had 
been  the  eflBsct  of  a  preconcerted 
scheme,  ihe  object  of  which  was.  to 
ogress  publidy  the  dissatisfaction 
rfa  certain  party  with  the  govern- 
ment of  lord  Wellesley.  On  the 
other  hand,  it  is  equally  mani- 
fest, that  there  was  not  the  slightest 
rmd  of  rational  probability  for 
charge  of  a  conspiracy  to  mur- 
der the  lord-lieutenant  A  bottle, 
indeed,  was  thrown  upon  the  stage 

•  For  the  details  of  thts  trial  see  p. 
tl^ofthl^voloaoe. 


6om  the  gallery,  bot'dierewas  no 
reaion  for  bdievinff  that  it  was 
aimed  at  lord  Welledey;  and 
though  a  fragment  of  a  wooden 
rattle  hit  the  firont  of  his  box,  the 
missile,  even  supposing  its  direction 
to  have  been  the  result  of  design 
and  not  of  accident,  was  of  too 
contemptible  a  kind  to  permit  the 
use  of  it  to  be  ascribed  to  a  deadly 
purpose.  In  bringing  forward  tho 
accusation  of  a  plot  to  take  away 
the  life  of  the  representative  i^ 
majesty,  the  attomey-|[eneral  ex- 
ceeded the  bounds  both  of  justice 
and  of  prudence :  and  the  undue 
violence,  with  which  he  commenced 
his  proceedings,  excited  a  spirit  of 
resistance,  which  baffled  lum  in 
his  attempts  to  convict  the  accused 
even  of  that  degree  and  spedes  of 
guih,  which  he  brought  home  to 
them  by  satisfactory  proof. 

A  public  man,  who  deserves 
some  blame,  generally  meets  with 
more  than  he  deserves.  Such  was 
the  fortune  of  Mr.  Plunkett ;  who, 
OB  this  occasion,  was  assailed  with 
loud  clamour,  for  having  filed  em 
officio  informations,  after  the  nand 
jury  had  in  substance  iffnoied  the 
mils  of  indictment.  The  legality 
of  the  proceeding  was  unquestioiw 
able:  what  ihim  was  there  to 
Uame  in  it?  Was  it  harsh  to  the 
accused?  No:  he  had  not  exerted 
asninst  them  the  full  powers  of  his 
office,  and  he  had  recourse  to  it, 
only  when  the  more  ordinary 
means  faUed.  Was  it  unjust? 
Justice  and  injustice  have  a  refe- 
rence to  the  community  at  large ; 
and  surely  it  was  no  more  than  he 
owed  to  society,  as  a  prindpal 
guardian  of  the  laws,  to  brine  to 
trial,  before  the  eyes  of  the  whole 
world,  individuals  against  whom 
there  existed  the  strongest  proof  of 
very  grave  criminality.  In  the  pri- 
vacy of  a  grand  jury,  that  proof  ha4 

LE2] 


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not  faoeQ  xMconed  BiHBcifiit  ^  h&t 
liiflt  CffcsiDStaix^  sffoidedno  leason 
i^gainst  a  piliblie  iiivestagatiai^  e^ 
.p^oifllly  in  an  affidr  which  was  no- 
toHousIy  nkuch  niinglwl  tip  widi  a 
ipitit  of  faction* 

On  tiie  24th  of  Fehroary,  Mr. 
Brownlow^  in  the  Houae  of  Cont- 
mooM,  moved  for  copies  of  the  ood»- 
mittsds  of  the  peraons  engaged  in 
the  allflged  not  uid  consptracy  on 
.  the  14th  of  hist  December^  in  the 
DubGn  tiieatre;  ooines  d£  ibe 
-hills  of  indictment^  atlegiitt  a  riot 
"and  oonspiracf  to  riot^  intSiok  Weoe 
piueiied  to  tiie  grand  jmy  in  tbe 
'city  of  DuhHn,  on  the  1st  of 
Jantnoy^  and  the  finding  of  l3ie 
jury  thereoti ;  n^  a  copy  of  the 
ex  officto  infiMTnations,  on 'die  sandie 
^ndgect,  filed  in  the  conrt  of  KingV 
bendi  by  his  mmstjr's  attorney- 
general  for  Ireland,  lliese  praefs 
were  granted  without  cbposition^ 
ihoagh  not  without  mHihission. 
They  related  exduaively  to  that 
head  of  charge  against  the  leM 
administration  of  Ireland,  whnh 
consisted  in  ihe  fiHng  ««  ^^hh  in- 
finmations;,  after  die  indictmetits 
had  been  ignored  by  the  grand 
juiy  *  On  this  point,  Mr.  Pltmkelt 
•zcdt  himself  strongs  and  die^efbre 
£dnot  heiEtate  to  grant  aHIUat 
hv  opponents  re^ilired.  On  liie 
odiercnaieseM^hat  of  havings  with" 
fftt  ^ufficwnt  grounds,  committed 
diree  persons  to  prison  on  an  accu- 
sation of  a  conspiracy  to  idU  the 
lord^Heutenant — ^he  was  not  equally 
compliant.  Cdlond  Barry  on  the 
S4th  of  March  moved  fin-  copies  of 
die  informations,  on  whidi  the 
committal  of  Forbes,  Graham,  and 
Handwieh,  for  the  capital  crime 
•proceeded.  Mr.  Hunkett,  in  tc- 
wting  the  motion,  stated,  that, 
when  he  was  orimn^y  consulted, 
his  first  impression  was,  that  die 
transaction  mvolved  nothing  more 


ijaii  a  misdemfaaour^  and  shoalil 
hepioceddedagaiisitassiidi.  The 
inVeat^tu^n  continoed  seven  day% 
during  which  die  aoliaiter-generiJ 
and  himself  attended  moat  tapir 
duously ;  and  in  the  course  of.  it, 
itappoffed  that  Fozhes  went,  after 
he  was  i^eaaed^  to  a  tavern  in 
&8ex-6lreet>  tmd  tool:,  part  ib  a 
tontersation  ^himt  the  throwing  of 
thebotde,  and  theriot:  heajMe 
of  himself  as  so  involved  in  it,  that 
his  life  migjit  be  placed  in  jeO« 
pardy ;  he  said  he  teew  He  nwht 
be  transported  to  Botany  B^^  bot 
he  had  BO  objection  to  an&r  ihait 
punishment,  provided  be.  ceutd 
have  die  aatisfaction  of  eataUiahiBl^ 
an  Orange-lodce  tha»;  iJbat  h^ 
had  only  one  lue,  and  was  lefdr 
to  aaoifioe  it  Sor  the  eause.  ife 
emni^ained  thact  the  miaailna  weoe 
badly  imd  eqneased  his  regret  thtt 
thc^  had  turned,  and  his  mtepMaeli 
of  tmddng  another  attempt,  whieb> 
h^  hoped>  woidd  be  moremoeea^hl- 
All  thi^  tfas  proved  1^  the'tMl- 
mony  (k  Afr*  FaneH,  an^aioMy, 
and  Mr.  Troy,  a  silk  meaeer. 
When  he  (Mr.  Plunkett)  heard  thk 
evidence,  the  whole  tnmaacftaiti 
assume^  a  new  character,^  add  «t 
appeared  to  him,  that  a  ddibertfte 
plan  to  attack  the  Itnd-lieutinant 
had  e^dsted,  wli^ch  might  haf?e 
been  attended  widi  the  moet^ftM 
consequences ;  and  under  diat;iia« 
pression  he  gave  his  conscientitiiis 
a4viceto  the  magistiates  to  com- 
.  mit.  Subsequent  h^  had  changed 
his  opinion :  and  he  had  done  aa*, 
because,  oh  further  Pianrinariatt, 
it  had  appeared  to  him,  that  Ike 
object  of  the  conspiracy  wasi,  not 
to  murder  the  lord-Iieutenaiit,  but 
to  compel  him  to  change  his  met* 
sures.  The  danger  to  his  exoal- 
lenc/s  life  Was  consequential,  and 
not  direct:  and,  therefore,  -the 
crime  did  not,  in  the  eye  of  lihe 


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[» 


Itw,  anQQat  to  a  eoospimcy  t* 
■uiniev,  tkongliy  in  truUi,  it  was 
of  a  aqlture  ntA  lees  heinous. 

With  roipeat  to  the  depositioiis 
flf  which  &B  pro^ctioa  was  now 
called  fin»  he  contended  that  to 
gvant  tkott  would  be  a  violation 
of  the  eon^titutioB^  and  altogether 
without  praeedent.  It  woiud  be 
ingiu^  aLn,  to  the  magiftiates  who 
^ded  a  the  case^  am  who  wer^ 
fiaUe  to  be  praaecttted  b7  the  ao- 
cuaed  partiea  for  having  oommitted 
them^  to  put  into  the  buida  of  the 
IrtUr  beforehand  the  grounds  upon 
whii^  the  magistrates  had  pio- 
oeaded.  He  had  never  heard  of 
an  instance  where  such  a  step  had 
bean  takea.  It  would  be  a  dan- 
gerous jpooecedent  to  adopt  at  anj 
tane;  nnr  no  man  would  come 
firward  and  give  information 
agHnat  others,  u  die  seal  of  $e^ 
ixaey,  nnder  which  h^  gave  i^ 
Wicetobe  broiLen^  before  die  whole 
case  underwent  the  investigation 
in  a  oomt  of  jusdoe.  Mr.  Peel^ 
m  J.  Newport^  and  Mr.  Spring 
Biee,  resisted  the  modon  oa 
naanda  aiaiilar  to  those  stated  bf 
Mr.  Plaoakett:  Dr.  Lushington^ 
lad  A.  Hamilton,  Mr.  Qrattan, 
and  Mr.  Lambton  supported  it 
At  the  dose  of  the  debate^  it  was 
rejected  hf  a  majority  of  48  to  33. 

The  nest  step  taken  in  this  afiair 
was  the  presenting,  hj  Mr.  We- 
thardl,  on  the  11th  ctf  April,  of  a 
pedtkn  ftasa  the  grand  jury  of 
bubHn,  complaining  of  the  im* 
putadons  whidi  had  been  thrown 
upcm  them  by  the  attomey-ge- 
nenl fin: Ixolaad.  Thisdrewfinm 
diat  officer  a  justification  of  his 
measores,  and  a  dedaradon,  diat 
it  was  the  conduct  ci  the  grand 
jury,  aionjg  with  some  fiu^ts  re« 
gwydng  i£Bm  whidi  had  oome  to 
ms  knowledge,  that  had  induced 
Um  to  file  t^  iafonaadons. 


On  the  15th  of  April,  Mr. 
Brqwnlow  moved  the  folkwing 
resoludon :  "  That  it  appears  to 
diis  House  that  the  conduct  of  hfti 
majesty's  attorney-general  finr  Ire- 
land, with  reject  to  die  persons 
dia^^  with  a  riot  in  the  Dublin 
theatre,  on  die  14th  of  December 
last,  particularly  in  brinoing  them 
to  trial  upon  informations  filed 
ex-aficio  aner  bills  of  indictment 
against  them  fi)r  the  same  o£fenoe 
had  been  thrown  out  1^  a  grmd 
juiy,  was  unvnse;— that  it  was 
contrary  to  the  pracdoe,  and  not 
congenial  to  die  spirit  of  the 
British  consdtution ; — and  tlu^  it 
ouffht  not  to  be  drawn  into  a  pr&- 
ce&nt  hereafter."  This  propo< 
sidon  he  prefiured  by  a  speech^  in 
which  he  commented  on  the  g^ 
aeral  nature  of  informations  e»- 
f^Ccio— *the  unprecedented  use  that 
had  been  made  of  them  here— and 
die  particular  ciroumstanoes  of  die 
proceedings  in  question.  The  only 
defepce  set  up  was,  heobserved,  thal^ 
the  course  was  lecnL  Legalorille!- 
cal,  wouldithave  oeen  ta):enin  Engt- 
£md?  He  would  suppose  the  secra- 
tasy  for  foreign  affairs  to  announce 
hisintendon  o£  visiting  the  theatre; 
and  a  set  of  Englishmen  to  fimcy 
that  the  cause  of  Spain  had  not 
been  sufficiendy  vindicated  by  thia 
country  in  the  late  n^odation% 
and  that  Uame  was  due  to  the 
ri^t  honourable  secretary  on 
that  account.  Siqypose  sudi  a 
set  of  men  to  meet  at  mxme  coffees 
house  adjoining  Covent-gaiden 
theatre,  and  to  plan  an  attack 
upon  Mr.  Canning  with  a  vdew 
to  drive  him,  if  possibly  fiom 
the  theatre  and  firom  die  councib 
of  the  king;  suppose  a  bill,  on 
sudi  account,  to  w  presented  to  a 
grand  jury  and  ignored;  would  the 
English  attomeyogeneral  venture 
afit^ards  to  proceed  txroffidof 


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Would  he  veiituife^  cveiJ'  if  com- 
manded to  do  80?  He  (Mr. 
Brownlow)  believed  that  the  at- 
torney-general dared  do  no  such 
thing — ^that  the  learned  gentle- 
man knew  that  it  would  be  as 
much  as  his  situation^  perhaps  as 
much  as  his  life^  was  worth  to  do 
to.  Then  why  talk  of  the  thing^s 
being  legal  ?  Was  the  nature  of 
the  proceeding  changed  by  occur- 
ring on  one  side  of  the  water  in- 
step of  the  other  ?  Was  it  meant 
€o  contend^  that  the  same  thing 
would  be  constitutional  in  Ireland, 
end  yet  absolutely  intolerable  in 
England?  The  question  (Mr. 
Brownlow  concluded)  was  not,  how 
Ar,  upon  strict  law,  Uie  proceeding 
in  question  could  be  borne  out ;  the 
•question  was — ^had  it  been  a  consti- 
tutional proceeding,  an  expedient 
proceeding,  a  proceedii^  which, 
under  similar  circumstances,  would 
have  been  adopted  in  this  country? 
Mr.  Plunkett  showed,  by 
)i^d  precedents,  that  ex-qffido 
•iiwBiiBations  mi^t  be,  and  had 
been,  filed,  after  a  grand  jury  had 
lejec^fced  indictments  for  the  same 
matters :  and  he  contended,  that, 
if  the  crown  were  to  be  excluded 
from  this  course,  the  effect  would 
be,  that  the  attorney-general  would 
be  driven  to  have  recourse  to  the 
prero^tive  of  his  office  in  every 
case,  mstead  of  proceeding  in  the 
first  instance  as  a  common  prose- 
cutor: for  what  attorney-general 
would  prefer  an  indictment,  if  the 
finding  of  a  grand  jury— however 
erroneous— however  dearly  ema- 
nating from  mistake  or  prejudice 
—were  to  deprive  him  of  the 
means  of  putting  the  accused  upon 
their  triaL  His  conduct  in  this 
particular  case  he  justified  by  im- 
peaching the  finding  of  the  Dublin 
vrand  jury,  the  conduct  which  they 
£ad  pursued,  the  motives  by  which 


they  had  been  actuated,  and  die 
mode  in  which  the  panel  had 
been  framed.  Had  he  acquiesced 
in  their  finding,  the  ends  of  pub- 
lic justice,  he  argued,  would  have 
been  defeated.  Thirteen  witnesses 
had  been  examined  befiire  that 
grand  jury,  exclusively  of  other 
witnesses  produced  on  the  sub- 
sequent trial:  and  any  impartial 
person,  looking  at  the  evidence, 
would  at  once  declare,  that  theie 
was  no  part  of  the  bill  of  indict- 
ment, whether  it  referred  to  the 
conspiracy,  to  the  riot,  or  to  the 
assault,  that  was  not  completely 
proved.  There  was  no  sound 
mind  that  would  not  admit,  that 
the  men,  who  could  have  brought 
th^nselves  to  such  a  conclusion 
as  the  DubUn  grand  jury  had, 
could  not  have  arrived  at  it  by 
legitimate  means.  It  had  been 
distinctly  proved,  that  a  plan  had 
been  formed  to  commit  a  riot;  that, 
in  furtherance  of  that  plan,  a 
number  of  persons  assembled  ft 
the  dieatre;  that  a  missile  had 
been  thrown  by  Grraham;  tlwt 
Forbes  had  gone  the  day  bdbre  to 
the  theatre  to  buy  tickets  for  the 
purpose  of  packing  an  audience— 
that  Forbes  was  taken  with  the 
whistle  in  his  luuod  with  which  he 
incited  die  rioters ;  that,  at  a  sub- 
sequent meeting  at  a  tavern,  he 
had  expressed  his  concern  at  tl^ 
failuie  of  their  purpose,  and  his 
hopes  of  success  on  a  future  occa- 
sion. Yet,  with  such  evidence, 
the  grand  jury  ignored  the  bill: 
and  their  reason  fi)r  doing  so  could 
not  be  mistaken.  It  was  his  (Mr. 
Flunkett's)  conviction,  that  they, 
the  grand  iury,  conceived  the  phm 
of  these  noters  to  be  a  very  right 
and  proper  plan.  They  conceived, 
that,  when  the  lord  lieutenant, 
in  compliance  with  the  expressed 
desires  of  hi«  sovereign,  l»d  &r 


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HISTORY  OF  EUROPE* 


{66 


erted  hinttdf  to  oondHate  the 
'^mofOB  daases  of  tlie  Irish  people^ 
Audio  put  an  end  to  the  heart- 
Imxlimgs  whidi  had  so  long  em- 
bittered that  community^  it  was 
exttonelj  proper  and  lawful,  that 
certain  persoi^  should  seize  the 
first  opportunity  that  presented 
itaelfj  for  marking  their  powerftil 
diH^pprohatum  of  such  an  acquies- 
eenoein  the  eiqtressed  commands 
€i  his  majesty.  To  that  extent 
ibey  feLt  it  hi^y  proper  the  op- 
pontioii  shouM  proceed;  though 
they  were  not  prepared  to  go  the 
length  0f  tfainldng,  that  it  was 
n^  to  fling  hottles  and  rattles 
•t  his  majesty's  representative. 
That,  in  his  conscience^  he  heUeved 
to  be  the  decided  conviction  of  the 
I  jury— a  oonvicticm,  he  also 
i,  which  the  greater  por^ 
tkm  of  the  Dublin  corporation  did 
not  consider  erroneous.  He  (Mr. 
P.)  had  grounds  for  impeachine 
net  only  Uie  decision  of  tne  grand 
luiy,  but  also  the  manner  in  which 
It  hod  been,  impanelled.  He  had 
mason  to  know,  that  the  sheriff 
WBS^ieliled  to  two  of  the  accused, 
in  Ihe  dose  affini^  of  first  cousin. 
This,  had  he  known  it  «t  the 
time,  would  have  been  ground  of 
AallVnge  to  the  array.  He  had 
also  in  evidence  upon  oath,  that 
the-Aeriff  declared,  that  the  tra- 
iRerseiB  need  not  be  afraid  of  the 
lasolt  of  the  trial,  as  he  had  a  list 
of  Orangemen  for  the  jury  in  his 
pocket.  Another  circumstance 
would  shew  the  spirit  in  which 
the  grand  jury  was  impanelled. 
There  was  a  person,  named  Poole, 
who  was  desirous  of  s^^ngon  the 
mnd  jury.  The  sheriff  promised 
him,  meviously  to  the  riot,  that  he 
ihonld  be  on  the  jury ;  but,  sitet 
the  riot,  he-  found  that  his  name 
was  not  OB  the  Hst,  and  when  the 
skenff was aj^ed toon  the  sub* 


jeet,  he  said,  "  Do  you  suppose  I 
would  allow  a  man  to  be  on  the 
grand  jury,  who  said  he  would 
abide  by  the  king's  letter  ?"  He 
(Mr.  P.)  had  the  affidavit  of  a 
person  who  assisted  in  the  office  of 
the  sheriff,  to  the  effect,  that, 
when  the  jury  was  about  to  be 
struck  acooraing  to  the  usual  course 
of  the  office,  the  sheriff  ordered 
the  panel  to  be  brought  to  him, 
and  said  he  would  prepare  it  him- 
self !  and  the  deponent  swore,  that 
he  believed  this  course  was  taken, 
to  enable  the  sheriff  to  deal  with 
the  panel  as  he  ^pleased.  There 
was  another  objection  to  the  mode 
of  impanelling  the  jury.  When 
he  (Mr.  P.)  learned  that  a  whole 
day  had  passed  without  finding  the 
bills,  he  procured  the  panels  of  the 
five  preceding  years.  He  found 
on  inspection,  that  there  were  from 
about  70  to  100  on  «ach  panel, 
and  that,  on  calling  the  panel,  it 
was  with  difficulty  the  requisite 
number  of  the  jury  was  made  up 
after  oalline  the  whole  list.  In 
the  present  mstance,  the  number 
was  only  about  50,  of  which  there 
were  about  26  names  that  he  did 
not  find  on  any  other  panel ;  and 
the  whole  number  attended,  with 
the  exception  of  two  or  three; 
they  answered  in  r^ular  order, 
and  before  the  26th  name  was 
called,  the  jury  was  completed. 
He  would  pu^  it  to  the  candour  of 
the  House,  if  he  would  hove  been 
justified  in  going  back  with  the 
case  to  such  a  erand  jury.  He 
conduded  by  statmg,  that  his  own 
inclination  would  have  been,  to 
meet  the  resolution  by  a  direct  ne- 
gative, but  that,  in  order  to  pre- 
vent either  party  in  Ireland  mm 
assuming  an  air  of  triumph  on  this 
Occasion,  he  would  only  move, 
"  That  the  other  orders  of  the  day 
be  now  read." 


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561      ANNUAL  REOISTBR^  1823. 

Cdkiti6l  BUrry  #at  thd  ofAf 
itiember  who  suppottdd  the  i^^s^ 
iutioil  strenuously :  thoiig^  seVefdl 
others  expressed'  k  inched  disa]^ 
jttohationof  Mr.  Plunkett'dcdhduct. 
Among  these  wks  lift.  Brouglnffia, 
«^  argued,  that  the  fM^Aehig 
Which  the  ittdhiey-geaeM  for 
Ireland  had  quoted,  wete  alti^^Uier 
inalyplkable:  for  they  Were  aU 
oi&ses  of  informations,  granted  by 
the  court  of  KingVbefich— -not  di 
ififormationB  €Heaex  officio  by  the 
attorney-general ;  andcodsequenfr^ 
ly  were  guarded  by  the  many  bre- 
ventiVes  of  abuse,  which'  the  laW 
Itas  annexed  to  the  former  xtfode  of 
proceeding.*  The  result  of  the 
debate  Was,  that  Mr*  6roWnldWs 
liiotioii  was.  With  the  leive  of  the 


•  Oft  a  subseqnent  day  ( Ae  2facf  of 
May),  Mr*  Plunkett  meiftioiled  a  pr^ 
cedent  in  point,  which  had  been  Recently 
communicated  to  bim  by  a  Mr.  Foley  an 
attorney  in  Ireland.  Tlie  following 
i^ere  the  particulars  of  the  CWe :  In 
October,  1811,  a  bUl  tti  indfctmeni 
was  prtferred  against  a  personrof  the 
name  pf  LeaCh,,  for  writing  a  letter  t6 
sir  Edward  Littlehalea,  soliciting  the 
appointment  of  the  pla^  of  barrack- 
rtaster.  The  bifl  contained  tkrefe 
obnnts:  the  first  was  for  sending  i 
letter,  proposing  to  give  a  bribe:  thk 
second,  for  offering  money  by  way  of 
bribe  5  and  the  third,  for  offering  secu- 
rities for  money  by  way  of  bribe.  That 
WU  was  ignon^d  by  the  graM  jury. 
The  comrt  of  Ktng'tf.b«nch|  impressed 
^ith  the  dispropoitioa  between  the  evl- 
dence  and  the  finding,  ordered  a  second 
blU  io  be  preferred.  That  second  biu 
^  alsb  ignored  $  and  in  the  November 
following;,  tei  ex  qflcio  inforitetion  was 
filed  by  Mr.  Saurin,  Mr.  Flookett'S 
predecessor  in  office.  Mr.  P.  produced 
attested  copies  of  the  indictment,  and 
oT  the  ejp  q^ei^  information  that  followed 
the  ignoring. 

The  result  of  the  case  was,  that  jadg- 
ment  was  signed  against  the  defondant 
for  want  of  a  plea ;  but  in  consequence 
of  his  expressing  great  contrition,  and 
having  lost  a  valuable  sppolntment,  no 
^rther  punishment  w^  inilieted  on  him. 


House,  wiMrawh.  »t  FriMi 
Burdett,  at  AetameAm^pmnii^ 
tiee,  thstt  he  Wotdd,  on  0Mr2itii^(if 
tte  month,  bring  the  oonduot  of  tii0 
4leriff  of  Dublin  befbre  t3ie  Hodtei 
On  the  day  fixed  for  tblBiMdMry 
Mr.  EUiB,  member  for  Dorbliii^  {Mi» 
itented  a  petition  ftoift  one  ef  M 
high  sheriffi  of  Dublin  (Mfi 
Thorpe),  and  from  the  fottumk 
di&d  jurors  of  die  Christibas  gnOttd 
jury  of  that  citj,  praying  m  alfi 
inquiry  (in  sudi  nrnftn^i*  aft  M 
House  ^ould  dire^)  iiiCo  M 
i^harges  preferted  agdhlsft  iStHtnt  hf 
iSbetr  attom^"geneiA  Mr;  BlMi 
fddk  the  opportunity  aitseamnti^ 
llut  Mr.  Thorpe  aoA  iis  <xf  dM 
|rand  jurors,  deputed  by  ^leir 
nllowSi  were  ibea  in  stM^dflDcei 
The  ,  annunciation  was  ttoeMk 
with  todamations;  and  Mf* 
BroughflrmoompHmetited  the  Aeiiff 
aSid  jurors  upon  tlli&  prompiltiidtf 
Inth  which  they  had  s^cited  in* 
qnisry.  Immediately  stftdr#iud^ 
^  Francis  Btudett  moted/  ^^  Aid 
tile  fitatenotenit  Inadef  by  t&e  a*^ 
tomey-geiletal  of  I<eknd^  ft  Itf 
place,  on  the  15th  day  of  Apfil, 
respecting  the  ^oeeedir^  dfer  tM 
trials  of  Forbes,  Orahalta,  mA 
Haiid#ifch,  rebderi^  it  ineiimbMi 
on  thitf  HiHuse  Io  iAfttitbtd  M 
Utrictest  elafniatttion  into  the  tm^ 
duct  of  the  sh^dfi^  of  tie  c^  of 
Dublin  on  that  oocdrioti."'— Mn 
Plunkett,  without.dixee(iydppMillg 
the  motion,  a^Uressed  th^  Hb^liebi 
spdedi  which  show^  that  he  wa^ 
at  bottom,  not  a  little  ftverie  to  the 
eourse  pnnposed.  He  avo  wed|  tlMft 
he  was  willing  and  e^ett  tiiiNjghtit 
fieoessary  t6  institute  m  eri&md 
prosecution  against  the  dMfff  iU 
case  the  House  did  ooty  by  a  p^ 
liamentary  inouiry,  put  it  Mit  of 
Mft  power  to  do  so ;  aild  be  iud** 
mated  very  pkkily,  tlial  pHMdU^ 
iagB  la  a  ^o^rt  ef  jUMiofe  #a« 


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BISTORT  OP  EUROPE, 


[57 


the  ctme,  iSttm  tile  kdperfed 
I  of  ilivefttigatioli  poflBeBsed  b^ 
the  Houw  <}if  Gditimohsi  Mn 
Ctttftfng,  Mr.  Peel,  and  ttie  othet 
niiuBten  exfifessed  ihe  ttune  opi-* 
ftimui  tBOSte  mie^uifocidly  and  put 
m  4ifee|  ne^tive  Qpon  the  motiDki^ 
Mt.  Browfilow  and  cokmel  Bdrry 
MUed  laadlf  pjt  il^uiiy,  and 
teiied  la  Mt^  ihetftiih  of  the  i^e^ 
pAma  ^Hddi  the  attotnej^^ceneral 
■ad  made  against  the  sheriff  and 
gMli  -jwj.  The  le^toed  gentle^ 
ttBtl,  aaid  Mr.  BrbwnloW,  had  as^ 
aerted  in  his  placei  that  th6  jnry 
Wet^  ftfdiedx  N(^,  tdHeteen  out 
ef  tfie  twea^^tbree  mhd  jutons^ 
mh0^Dat6dLiaiib  hnlBi  d  indiHanent, 
Oioafy  aaC  as  moA  jtttort ;  thei:if 
iMBDtea  appeared  in  eVety^tod  fof 
tan  jenii  back;  and  during  that 
Ibte  ihef  had  f^ueMy  recdr^ 
llie  tHaaka  of  lihe  judges  fbr  tiieit 
Bffri^  and  impartial  conduct.-  It 
Mad  Melt  cMted  hf  the  attortiey-t 
gaoefdl,  ti^  one  of  the  trayersers, 
#«  ih^  first  coosin  of  the  sheHff 
In  truths  hdwerer,  theie  was  not 
oie  of  tbera  more  connected  with 
tie  sheriff,  than  witii  die  learned 
gdndeman  himself.  Theattonirf^ 
gSaenl  had  informed  the  House, 
Hat  a  Mr.  Poole  ap^Hed  to  the 
shetWto  he  put  on  the  Juiy ;  that 
fltt  steiff  had  cohsented,  but  tliat, 
sobaequeutly,  Mr.  Poole  having 
txyuMuH  M»  indinfttion  to  6Qxtf 
feto  effect  tiie  iJondliatoff  tiewi 
tf  tiie  bn^s  letter,  hi*  name  wai 
iMindnd^  in  the  paiieL  The 
1^  flbeii^  had  infbrmed  him 
(Mr.  B.),  that,  Aree  weeks  bdbre 
thfe  jury  wa*  impanelled,  Mr. 
P«de  b^ged  to  be  put 'on  the 
grand  jury.  The  sheriff  said,  he 
Would  iulmiit  his  toxte  to  his  col- 
league. In  Uie  mean  time,  a 
fetter  was  addressed  to  the  shenfis 
*T  4c  ODwn  soUdtoTB,  by  the  or* 


defs  df  tfie  atfbrn^-s^neral,  r^ 
questing  that  both  &e  shetiffi^ 
dtould  join  in  making  out  the 
paneL  Mr^  Poole  reHetv^ed  hia 
application  to  be  put  on  the  ghmi 
jury,  when  the  ^riflEi  informed 
him,  that  they  felt  the  necessity  oi 
being  eautious,  and  ^hat  he  had 
disqualified  himself  by  the  appli-> 
tetions  he  had  nuide.  M^  Sheriff 
Thorpe  adced,  what  reason  he  had 
fbr  pressing  the  application?  ''Ill 
tell  you,**  said  Mr.  Pbole;  "  the 
cate  of  a  Mr.  O'Meara  is  to  come 
before  the  grand  jury.    I  ani  ac- 

S tainted  with  facts,  connected  with 
bat  case,  which  are  not  known  to 
the  rest  of  the  jury.  I  wish  to  be 
on  the  grand  jurf,  diat  justice  rAAf 
be  done  to  N&.  O'Meara.  Put  me 
on  the  jury,  and  IH  gi^  you  my 
word  not  to  divide  on  the  question 
of  the  play-house  riots.'*  The 
sheriff  replied,  that,  after  such  a 
declaration  nothing  Vould  induce 
him  to  pMt  Mr.  PoSie  on  tie  Jury. 
With  respect  to  the  conduct  of  the 
grand  jury/  there  was  no  notice 
m  motion  respecting  them,  but  he 
wa^  aiithorixed  to  say,  that  every 
tiling  the  attomc^-generttl  had  said 
with  retoect  to  them  was  incorrect 
ax^  unfounded.  The  attorney- 
general  had  been  misled  and  mis« 
mformed  by  some  calumniator. 
The  attofney-general  had  said,  that 
a  witneM  of  the  name  of  Moran 
had  beeh  produced  before  the  gnnd 
itmr,  and  that  but  two  questions 
had  b6en  put  to  him  when  he  was 
rfkown  to  the  door ;  the  jury  au- 
thorised him  (Mr.  B.)  to  state,  thai 
that  witness  was  askad  a  greater 
tiUmber  of  questions  in  the  ^rand- 
jury  room,  them  he  was  asked  on 
the  trial. 

Mr.  Denmaii,  Lord  Milton,  Mr. 
Spring  Rice,  sir  J.  Newport,  Mr. 
Ticmey,  and  Mr.  Brougliam,  spoke 
in  favour  of  parliamentary  investi- 


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68]       ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1823. 


Mtion.  Upon  a  ^yisiony  sir 
Frauds  Burdett's  motum  was 
Gamed  by  a  majority  of  34;  219 
^oemblrs  voting  for  it,  and  185 
against  it. 

On  the  2nd  of  May  the  House 
resolved  itself  into  a  committee  for 
the  purpose  of  inquiring  into  the 
chaiges  preferred  by  Mr.  Plunkett 
against  Mr.Th(irpe  luid  thejuxy ;  and 
prosecuted  the  investigation  on  the 
5th  6th  and  7th  of  that  month. 
The  three  points  attempted  to  be 
established  against  Mr.  Thorpe,  and 
from  which  it  was  intended  to 
he  inferred,  that  he  had  packed  the 
jury,  were,  ^hat  the  panel  con- 
tained an  unprecedented  number  of 
the  members  of  the  corporation; 
that  the  grand  junnrs  answered 
with  a  suspicious  punctuality  to 
their  names ;  and,  that  the  panel 
was  shorter  than  upon  any  former 
occasion. 

,  One  Mr.  Terence  O'Reilly,  an 
attorney^  stated,  that,  on  the  day  on 
which  ihe  indictments  were  ig- 
nand,  Mr.  Sheriff  Thorpe,  in  a 
room  adjacent  to  the  court,  and 
about  three  quarters  of  an  hour' 
before  the  feite  of  the  bills  was 
announced,  addressed  a  gen« 
tleman,  named  Ward,  on  the  sub^ 
ject  of  these  bills,  predicting  that 
they  would  be  ignored,  and  exulting 
in  the  management  by  which  he 
had  insured  such  a  result.  Mr. 
O'Reilly  was  confirmed  in  some 
sart  of  his  statement  by  a  Mr. 
M'Namara,  but  both  were  contra- 
dicted positively  by  Mr.  Wud. 
One  JolmM'Connellstated,  that,  at 
a  card  party  at  a  Mr.  Sibthorpe's 
about  Uuree  days  after  the  riot  in 
the  Dublin  theatre,  he  heard  Mr. 
Thorpe  say  to  Graham,  one  of  the 
persons  who  were  afterwards  (but 
not  then)  accused,  that  he  had  the 
Oranffe  panel  in  his  pocket. — Mr. 
Shenn  Cooper  proved,   that  the 


panel,  whidi,  according  to  M^Con- 
nel's  statement,  was  in  Mr.  ThoipeTs 
pocket  on  the  17th  of  December, 
was  not  prepared  for  several  days 
after.  He  denied  that  the  grand 
jurors  were  persons  more  re- 
markable for  party  seal  than  other 
gentlemen  in  Dublin ;  andaffirmed, 
that,  if  the  January  grand  jury 
differed  in  any  thing  fnim  fimner 
commission  sraad  juries,  it  was  in 
its  extracM^mary  respectability  w— 
Mr.  Plunkett  produced  a  list  of 
candidates  to  represent  the  mer- 
chant's guild,  recommended  *' aa 
good  men  in  bad  times,"  at  the 
head  a£  which  was  a  vi^ette  of 
king  Wyiiani,  with  his  horse 
trampling  upon  a  Knave  of  Cluba, 
intended,  it  should  deem,  as  the 
symbol  of  the  Dublin  lord  mayor. 
Mr.  Cooper  admitted,  thatsevi^of 
the  fifty  returned  on  the  grand  jury 
panel  were  to  be  found  in  this  list, 
but  d^ed  that  they  were  violent 
party-men.  In  oondusion  he  said, 
that,  though  he  considered  his  ooU 
league  Mr*  Thorpe  a  high  party 
man,  he  should  from  his  knowledge 
of  him  consider  him  as  a  juror  aL 
tog^her  above  exception. — ^Wil- 
liun  Poole  stated,  that,  being 
anxious  to  sit  upon  the  January 
commission  grand  jury,  in  order  to 
ffuard  the  interests  of  a  certain  Mr. 
T.  O'Meara,  who  was  indicted  for 
penury,  he  applied,  in  November, 
to  Mr.  Thorpe,  and  obtained  from 
hima  promise  that  he  should  be 
returned  in  the  panel  Finding 
himself  excluded  from  the  panel, 
he  remonstrated  with  Mr.  Thorpe, 
who  apolo^ed  by  saving,  that  he 
had  a  hard  card  to  play,  and  that 
it  was  impossible  to  please  all  par- 
ties. 

Giristopher  Moran  complained, 
that  the  grand  jury  having  heard 
from  hun  all  the  particulars  of  the 
riot  with  which  he  was  acquainted. 


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[59 


lefbted  to  listen  t6  a  stocy  he  wiah^ 
ed  to  tell^  about  the  anest  of  one 
of  the  Handwiches. 

Here  the  case  sffoinst  Mr. 
Thorpe  clo8ed.-*Mr.  N.  Murray 
Mansfield  was  the  first  witness 
called  for  the  defence.  He  stated 
that  he  was  derk  in  the  sub-she- 
jiff's  office^  and  described  the  mode 
in  which  the  panel  was  struck, 
as  beii^  perfectly  fair.  Mr.  Thorpe 
pnxseeded  eiqpressly  upon  the  prin- 
cmie  of  excluding  from  it  all  men 
€t  Tidle|l  nDlitic&— ^ir  George 
Whitefora,  fi>reman  of  the  ^pnnd 
iaaj,  stated,  that  he  was  solicited 
by  sheriff  Thoipe  to  preside  over 
^  January  srand  jury  several 
weeks befi»e  the  riot;  that,  having 
beard  M'Coonell's  statement,  that 
Mr.  Thorpe  boasted  of  having  an 
Qrmge  panel,  he  refiised  to  act 
iipoa  the  Jury,  until  Mr.  Thorpe 
atmed  him,  upon  his  honour,  of 
Ae  fidiehood  of  M'Conuell's  story ; 
that  he  never  saw  a  body  of  men 
JDOie  conscientiously  anxious  to 
discharge  their  duty  than  the 
mnd  jury  in  question.  Sir 
GtargR  added,  that  he  was  one  of 
those  who  wi^ed  the  dressing  of 
the  itatue  ci  kins  William  to  die 
a  natural  death,  But  he  confessed 
thathn^hnught  the  measures  taken 
to  suppress  the  ceremony  were 
calnimted  io  produce  irritation. 
Beinir  cross-examined  by  Mr. 
FbankeU,  he  said,  that,  in  his  opl- 
mao^  itwas  not  deservinff  of  punish- 
ment, to  ex|»e6B  dissatisfacdon  at 
the  forcible  means  by  whidi  the 
dresnng  was  discontinued.  Mr. 
Twycross,  one  of  the  gnmdjury, 
desmhed  himself  as  an  English- 
man, and  a  friend  to  <;)atholic 
caaacqMtion.  He  afiumed,  that 
die  grand  jury  conducted  their  in- 
f  uity  with  the  utmost  patience  and 
mpaytiality,  and  that  they  were 
tnammous  in  their  decision.     Mi. 


J.  H.  Moore,  another  jttror,  said, 
that  he  had  acted  as  secretary  to  the 
mnd  jury,  and  taken  notes  of 
Uie  examinations.  His  testimony 
perfectly  corresponded  with  that  of 
the  Iwo  preceding  witnesses; 
but,  being  questioned  as  to  some 
particular  racts,  he  heaUted  to 
make  disclosures  inconsistent  with 
hisoathas  a  erand  iuror :  and  a  long 
discussion  fdbwed  on  the  question, 
whether  the  grand  jury  could  be 
wholly  abscdved  from  their  obliga- 
tion cf  secrecy.  The  point  was 
not  decided ;  and  the  examination 
continued  through  the  8th,  9th, 
and  14th  of  May,  upon  an  under- 
standing, that  the  members  Aoulc^, 
as  far  as  possible,  abstain  from 
putting  to  any  of  the  Jurors,  ques- 
tions as  to  facts  which  occurred  in 
the  grand-jury  room.  One  Mr. 
Davis  said,  that  he  was  not  an 
Oranoeman,  and  that  he  had  heard 
Mr.  sheriff  Thorpe  refuse  to  put 
Mr.  AddtBon  Hone  on  his  grand- 
jury  panel,  on  the  ground  of  the 
violence  of  that  gentieman's  pdi- 
tics. 

On  the  £3rd  of  May,  the  inves- 
tigation of  the  conduct  of  the 
high  sheriff  of  Dublin  was  resunv- 
ed.  Afrer  several  vdtnesses  had 
been  examined,  sir  Abraham  B. 
King  was  called.  He  stated,  that  he 
had  never  had  any  panel  put  into 
his  hands  for  revision,  nor,  to  his 
knowledge,  was  any  panel  nut  into 
the  han£  of  his  derk.  He  had 
been,  he  said,  an  Orange-man 
since  1797  ;  the  oath  of  that  so- 
ciety was  in  print ;  a  prayer  was 
read  on  opening  the  lodge,  but  no 
portion  of  scripture  was  read  ;  the 
signs  and  woids  which  were  com- 
municated after  initiatioii  were,  he 
said,  taken  from  the  Old  Testament. 
Being  pressed  to  explain  from  what 
passage  these  signs  and  words  were 
taken,  the  witness  pleaded  his  oath 


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^feciecy.  After  thoHouttkhad 
detemnned  that  he  ^uld  be  oqiii»> 
pelled  to  anmrer,  the  inquiry  way 
urged  in  every  poisiUB  shape:  he 
was  told  by  Mr«  Bron^iam  that 
his  0^  was  an  absurdity,  luid  of 
BO  foroe,  and  admonished  by  the 
diairman  that  his  refusal  might 
drive  the  committee  to  a  paimiil 
oourse*  But  neither  casmstry  nor 
menaces,  nor  perBuasi0a  availed : 
air  A.  B.  King  firmly  persisted 
in  respecting  the  pretended  sano- 
tion  d  his  oath  ;  nor  would  he 
oommunicato  more  than  that  the 
pass-woids  were  to  be  found  in 
the  Old  Testament.  The  attor* 
ney-gieneral  (sir  Robert  GrSbrd) 
thought  that,  before  compelling 
the  niHclosure  of  these  words  by 
measores  of  severity,  it  might  be 
worth  inquinns  whether  the 
isnswer  was  likdy  to  bear  upon 
the  subject  before  the  eommittee> 
Mr.  Canning  too  recommended 
not  to  press  this  line  ci  examif« 
nation*  ■«Sir  John  Nevirport,  Mr» 
Gzatta^  Mr.  Scarlett,  and  Mr. 
J.  Smith  urged  the  necessity  of 
eommitting  the  vritness ;  but  Mr. 
Brou^iam  and  Mr.  Plimkett 
thought  it  better  to  give  him 
another  of^ortunity  of  answer^ 
ing.  Being  reeaUed*  sir  Abra* 
haoi  King  again  eiqplained,  that 
the  only  words,  which  he  hedtated 
to  divulge,  were  the  signs  and  sym* 
bolsl^whidi  Orangemen  are  ena<« 
Med  to  distinguish  each  other;  and 
these  had  no  reference  vrfaatever 
to  any  maximor  rule  of  ODoduct. 
Mr.  Peel  declared,  that,  after  this 
answer,  he  could  not  pnen  the 
inquiry.  Mr.)  Bvoagham  oom^ 
jdfUDed,  that  the  witness  had 
triuH^hed  over  the  ooninrittce»**« 
Mr.  Cakxaft,  on  the  olJier  hand, 
thoujorht  the  last  answer  perfectly 
aatistoctory. 
On  the  it6A  of  May,  the  in* 


>qittry  piooeaded;  and  i^giin  aa 
effort  was  made  to  extort  ftam  air 
A.  B.  King,  the  sign  and  paa»- 
words  of  ue  Orangemeii.MnMr. 
Brougham  said,  it  had  been 
proved  that  sheriff  Thorpe  had 
boasted  of  having  an  Orange 
panel  in  his  po&et,  and  that 
some  of  the  grand  jurors  were  in 
ftct  Orangemen;  and  therefore^ 
the  oommittee  was  bound  to 
probe  the  Orange  system  to  the 
bottom.  Mr.  IVel,  Mr.  Dawson^ 
Mr.  Goolbum,  and  coljj^  Barry 
urged,  that  the  moral  tenor  fo  the 
system  might  be  thoroughly  known 
vrithout  extorting  its  formal  and 
insignificant  symboli^^^Sir  A.  B. 
King  assured  the  House,  that  the 
10  earnestly-pursued  symbols  had 
no  hostile  allusion  whatever  to  any 
dass  of  his  majest/s  snl^iects; 
and  that  they  hinted  nothing  of  ev^ 
ttrminatioa.  Mr.  Brou^^iam,  on 
pressing  die  prqiosition  dP  a  spedU 
Be  examination  to  a  division,  was 
defeated  by  amajority  of  117  to  87- 
Mr.  Hume  thai  pnqposed  to  ai^ 
the  witness  the  purport  of  the  paa^i 

Xfirom  which  tlie  Orange  synu 
were  taken.  On  a  division, 
the  motion  vras  rejected  by  a  ma- 
jority of  131  to  77-  Mr.  Pkmkett 
voted  both  times  in  opposition  to 
ministers. 

The  inquiry  tenninated  on  th# 
fidlowing  day,  by  the  examination 
of  Mr.  Phinkett  himsdf;  the 
members  who  advocated  the  oauaa 
of  die  sheriff  and  jury,  eonoaiving 
that  diey  had  already  sufficienti^ 
made  out  their  case.  The  eflfect 
cf  it  certainly  was,  to  dimovt  die 
inculpatory  allegations  of  the  at« 
tom^-general:  butithadanodier 
more  inmortant  use;  toritAaw^ 
ed  how  familiar  oomiption,  in  die 
administration  of  jusdoe,  was  tp 
the  minds  of  the  Irish  people. 

The -tendency  of  diest  proeeaA 


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HISTORY  OF  EUROPE. 


m 


ngs^  nkftiv9  te  ^  riofc  in  1^ 
t^utitre,  to  exdte  strong  parly  fa^ 
Hig  in  the  capital  could  not  ^ 
doubted;  mid  wlien  a  sfHtit  (^ 
fiietioo  11  caUed  into  activity  in  a 
Boetnipelby  the  raaoter  distnem 
midom  escape  the  eoAti^oB.  The 
▼ktoice  c^  rd%iou8  aniinoftty  d]»- 
tiizhed  the  tcaaquil^ty  tven  of 
tlioae  diatnctf  whearei 


m  geMtai  secme.-   rer  mfltaac^ 
the  eomties  of  Antrim  and  Ais 

S^  ezMfaited  frequent  toenea  of 
eBce»  thoii|^  ftw  at  abtie  of 
plander.  Wh^arever  tiie  Ribaajl 
tnea  and  Orafiigeniien  net^  or  eaiAe 
widin  tcbA  of  leOipi^eal  insult  cr 
pnmKMicm^  riot  Mdom  fidled  lb 
teitfua  Ai  GarndifeKgu^  «  pv»- 
aeemifiiilbrtioi  %oek  pbeebelere 
llMSii  M'CleQaA^  ^eve  the  ftar- 
tiAsjnfietedwekeCatihdies;  bui, 
nft&r  liie  teaniaatiDn  #f  aeveval 
witaetatf^  wh^sa  ^vifloBte  just 
Went  hr  enough  io  pidVe  the  ini- 
ywihili^y  l»f  ^Oba^enafg  whkji 
iaelm   tMie  Ihe  ^MveslMv^    the 

of  Aa  tna)»  and  ^sdtissed  both 
OBBngeiifitoi<aBd  RtfaaiidiaiB>*w«lh« 
Jnat  neptottf-of  Ihilt  nmatutal  ^Mfit 
h|r  "vrUclh  liie  batael>8  of  t^  om». 
tatniiaefl^^aUing  Aeoi#cll*es  Chtab- 
tiito*  %efee  liMa  ^he  4ntitenmtB 
lodefiatiUeiQa  and  'tkyA  blooUhei. 
On  tile  i£tli  «f  Jtttt^  4lie 
Oraiigomeny  and  Bihandbnen, 
tnet  «&  tiie  ftir  of  Mbgbera»  in 
■Ihe  oonniy  of  Dert^«  A  iJjtmtA 
teaued;  wHoii  tbe  Otfaogemeiiy 
h^K  dfariven  to  the  hannobs  iheris 
|*ovidedtiiett9elvef  ^vkh  1una»  and 
-mximmMoB,  and  fired  tepentad 
Vc^leyB  npon  ^  oonntry  people^ 
of  whom  !0oine  wexte  killed»  and 
from  16  to  30  were  wounded. 
l%e  Onrae  iriumph  was  itfter- 
wardfl  cete&aited  liy  an  -attack  o^ 
the  hooaaa  and  windows^of  Homan 
C^itoKci.    Theiblklinii^tirBiinH 


•elsne^  ia  mi  iQtMtnrtion  of  the 
mode  in  which  j^ttiy  spirit  was 
vonatantly  inteiferinc[  with  the 
odminiatration  of  justiob»  At  the 
Lent  aatiBea  <£  li£illinfar,  a  fni- 
Wt^tt  was  put  on  his  tri^  for 
muxdetf  and  the  clearest  evidence 
of  his  g^t  was  produced.  The 
accused  Wte  a  CiithoUc^  and  a 
flingk  Ca^iolic  was  on  the  jury. 
Eleven  of  the  jmon  were  i^reed 
to  convict  the  aoctved  of  mnrder> 
but  the  twelfth  stood  out  Na 
«tgiBb^^  no  i^ppeal  to  juMac^  or 
te  oonscieno^  oould  influence  hini. 
The  jnfy*  after  beh^  h)cked  up 
until  the  Judge  loft  the  town> 
were  dimubed  without  a  Terdkl, 
«nd  ihe  loMttderer  oflcaiped. 

The  distuibanies  in  the  sovAhem 
eeunties  aciid  Ae  ^a^litent  disttidi, 
hAd  ntfrar  been  entirely  ««spended  ; 
bnt  in  the  bf|pnniitf  of  the  yiear^ 
ihe  otftmges  were  kes  sunieroiMi 
Aan  they  bed  pmwMUsly  hoei^ 
and  hopes  w«re  emaHained  ef  it 
gmdttldt^tocn  to  jttnaqniUiiy  «nd 
peace.  ThisexpedadianWBt^iok^ 
JUamoiotfed:  ^dmhigthp  month 
■4^  J&td^  the^^ysfeemirfoiitn^ 
%f«s  ivursned  in  feels  of  the  fro** 
^dnu  of  Mnnster  with  vicMsed 
.aoli^dly  and  vigour,  end  soached 
isAst  fteta^  «the  eonntry  wUdi 
jmdbeen  neaily  escnpt  froindi»* 
^nrbanoe.  Dnrins  libe  ^fot  wedc 
jh  Mafdip  Ave  anBcions  ecBDAagna- 
4aens  and  twelve  eutr^os  rf  di£. 
Arcnt  deierlptions  toA  plaoe  nridK 
in  ike  coitnlQr  o£  XjoAi  »id  tar 
tenato  snfasequent  weeks,  scarody  a 
in^ht  elapsed,  in  wbieb»  within 
^dkoae  daatricts,  tcmQ  bonse  or  pt»- 
jierty  was  not  destroyed  fby  fire, 
or  in  which  attempts  were  sot 
made  by  the  insui^gents  to  en^oree 
-die  penalties  previous^  denounaad 
against  all  those  ^vdio  lesisteS 
'^e  anthoiity  df  theoe  deqierate 
tofibnders.     Notwithstanding  the 


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62]      ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1823. 


most  unremittiiig  exertions  on  the 
part  of  the  military  and  the  police 
to  intercept  the  perpetrators  of 
such  crimes^  few  persons  were 
iqpprehended.  Conflagrations  were 
90  easily  effected^  even  by  one  sUlfbl 
offender,  ftnd  the  system  of  terror 
had  been  so  firmly  established  in 
the  ndnds  of  the  inhabitants,  that 
the  detection  of  the  crime  became 
a  matter  of  extreme  difficulty,  in 
consequence  iji  the  extent  of  the 
eviL 

Lord  Combenfiere,  early  in  the 
month  of  March,  visited  the  prin- 
cipal military  stations  in  Munster, 
and  also  oonferred  with  the  ma- 
gistrates in  the  vicinity  of  D(me- 
raile,  and  in  the  disturbed  districts 
in  that  part  of  the  county  of 
Cork.  At  his  Imbhip's  suggest 
tion,  and  at  the  desire  of  the  ma- 
gistrates, a  large  additional  force 
of  police  was  stationed  in  that 
nei^bourhood,  and  the  military 
force  was  distributed  in  the  man- 
ner best  calculated  to  aid  the  re»- 
toration  of  order. 

In  Limerick,  which  in  January 
had  been  restcnred  to  tranquillity,  in- 
standiM  of  similar  crimes  appeared 
during  the  i^iring;  and  parts  of  the 
county  of  Ckre  were  so  much  agi- 
tated as  to  require  the  applicationof 
the  Insuitection  act  to  two  of  the 
baronieswhichadioined  tothecoun- 
tyofLimericL  An  increased  qnrit 
cf  outrage  was  at  the  same  time 
manifest^  in  parts  of  the  county 
of  Westmeath,  and  Queen's 
County.  In  April,  the  Irish 
newspapers  were  every  day  filled 
with  the  particulars  of  many  fero- 
ciMis  outrages  in  Cork,  Limerick, 
Clare,  Galway,Meath,  and  DubLin. 
The  two  grand  juries  of  the  county 
and  city  of  Cork  addressed  the 
hnrd-lieutenant  upon  the  state  of 
the  country.  They  affirmed  in 
these   addra»e8,  that    the   spirit 


of  insurrection  was  rapidly  ex- 
tending— that  there  luid  come 
before  the  county  grand  jury, 
nearly  a  hundred  petitions  for 
compensation  for  damace  sustained 
by  fire,  destruction  of  cattle  by 
stabbing  and  houghins,  breaking 
machineiy.  See ;  and  tliat,  after  a 
patient  inquiry,  there  were  not  more 
thaii  four  or  five  cases  which  did 
not  appear  fit  subjects  for  relief 
from  the  county — ^that  many  had 
been  turned  naked  out  ci  their 
dwellings,  to  behold  them,  a  fisw 
moments  afterwards,  in  ashes-— 
that  others  had  been  intimidated 
into  an  abandonment  of  tbesr 
land»— that  all  who  had  given 
evidence  against  insursents,  had 
done  so  at  the  risk  of  thdr  live% 
and  some,  who  had  only  made 
statements  respecting  property  de» 
stroyed,  had  been  s^edily  punish« 
ed  l^  the  destruction  of  ihek  own 
houses.  In  the  county  of  Cork, 
two  soldiers  and  a  policeman  were 
attacked  on  the  road  while  return*- 
in^  home  from  duty.  One  of  the 
so&iers  died  next  day  from  the 
Inrutal  treatment  he  suffered,  and 
the  policeman  had  his  ears  and 
one  of  his  cheeks  cut  offi  The 
^irit  of  d^yredatioB  apprpached 
even  within  two  miles  of  Dublin. 
A  Mr.  Loughnan,  of  Fiospec^ 
place,  was  forced  to  ddiver  up  a 
laive  quantity  of  arms,  which  die 
ruffians  demanded  from  him  as  '^  a 
loan."  Several  dsbins  were  attack- 
ed and  levelled  with  the  ground 
in  the  same  county,  and  the  inha* 
bitants  barbarously  ill-treated.  In 
June,  it  was  found  necessary  to 
place  the  neighbouring  district  of 
^ildare  under  the  Insurrection 
act. 

Under  these  droumstances,  lord 
^elledey  called  for,  and  the  mi- 
nisters here  proposed,  the  continu- 
ance o£  the  insurrection  act.  That 


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HISTORY  OP  EUROPE. 


[63 


\  carried  without  mudi 
CuKussioii.  The  opponents  or  it 
aigaed,  not  so  much  against  the 
vpboAe  provisions  of  that  law^  as 
in  fayoor  of  a  general  inquiry  into 
the  state  of  Ireland^  with  a  view 
to  find  and  apply  a  permanent 
remedy  to  her  evUs. 

The  coQection  of  tithes  had 
always  been>  either  in  reality  or 
in  pretext,  one  of  the  principal 
euaaea  of  disturbance  in  Ireland. 
To  alkfviate  this  source  of  mis- 
dnefy  a  hill  was  introduced  by  Mr. 
Gcnjlbam>  the  object  of  which 
moh  to  authorise  compositions  for 
tithes.  It  was  much  discussed  in 
its  progress  ihrough  parliament. 
hk  Uie  form  in  wmch  it  received 
the  royal  assent^*  the  following 
were  Uie  most  important  of  its 
provisions: 

In  order  to  bring  the  act  into 
operation  in  any  parish,  it  was 
nPccsBory  ^t  on  ap^ication  should 
be  made  to  the  lord-lieutenant, 
either  by  die  incumbent,  or  some 
five  owners  or  occupiers  d  land  in 
die  parish  to  the  annual  value  of 
ftOL  ;  upon  which  apfdication  the 
loid-lieatenant  was  to  have  it  in 
Ms  power  to  direct  the  assembly  of 
a  wpedal  vestry,  the  business  of 
wmdi  was,  in  die  first  instance, 
to  discuss  with  the  incumbent 
the  propriety  of  coni|)oundikie,  for 
SI  years,  for  the  tithes  of  the 
whclie  parish.  If  the  hnrd-lieu- 
tmant  directed  the  vestry  to  as- 
semble, it  was  the  duty  of  the 
incumbent,  or  of  the  five  owners 
or  occupiers  of  land  (acoordinff  as 
the  sp^icadon  for  the  vestry  had 
been  made  by  the  one  or  1^  the 
other),  to  require  the  high  consta- 
Ue,  or  other  collector  of  grand- 
jury  rates  or  county  cess  within 
the  parish,    to    deliver    lists    of 

•  4  0«o.iy.c.99. 


vestrymen ,  that  is,  of  perious  who 
in  the  preceding  year  were  assessed 
to  an  amount  exceeding  20  diil* 
lings,  in  respect  of  lands  within 
the  parish  not  dthe  free. 

If  the  incumbent  and  the  vestry 
did  not  agree  in  the  propriety  <n 
making  a  composition,  no  further 
proceeding  could  then  be  had  upon 
the  subject ;  and  it  only  remained 
for  the  inoambent  to  certify  such 
result  to  the  office  of  die  chief 
secretary.  But  if  the  vestry  andin* 
cumbent  agreed  diat  a  composidon 
was  desuranie,  it  was  necessary  diat 
a  memorandum  of  that  agreement 
should  be  made  at  the  time,  and 
rigned  by  both  pardes;  upon  which 
die  incumbent  on  his  own  behalf^ 
and  the  vestiy  on  behalf  of  die 
parish,  were  each  to  proceed,  to 
nominate  a  commissioner  (quali- 
fied as  required  in  the  14di  sec- 
tion), to  fix  the  amount  of  the  an- 
nual oomposidon.  Then  the  in- 
«cumbent  was  required,  widiinseven 
days  after  the  appointment  by  him 
of  a  commissioner,  to  give  nodoe 
to  the  bishop  of  the  diooess,  tothe 
diuschwazdens  of  the  parish,  and 
to  die  office  of  the  diief  secretary, 
of  the  name,  and  place  of  abode^ 
of  the  person  so  appointed  1^  him; 
and,  in  case  any  other  persons  be- 
.sides  himself  were  «ndtled  to  any 
portion  of  dthe  vrithin  the  parish, 
it  was  necessary  diait  a  rimilar 
notice  should  also  be  transmitted 
by  him  to  each  of  those  persons.* 

The  du^  of  the  oommissioneri, 
when  appointed,  was,  to  ascertain 
and  fix  die  amount  of  annual  oom- 
pensadon,  in  the  manner  and  ac- 
cording to  the  rules  laid  down  in 
die  l6th  section. 

This  miffht,  under  pardcular 
drcumstanc^,  be  an  operation  of 
some  difficulty  and  delay;  a  pro- 

•  Section  13. 


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M]      ANJfUAL    REGi^TEH,   1823. 


Mam  in  ^Mtpiontflg  »  _ 

-mA  Ids  pmMemen  ^wm  Aew- 
ximmtvodufecl  in  A>i^  $Ji)^jB^jftim; 
which  enadfidf  ih»t^  if  A*  IAcmi- 
litet  jlumU  kflv»  teni  jj]!^  to 

ivdeti^Ty  for  At  p^rsiwit  <3f  A 
iflpetfifis  ttiDi,  md  mm)i  jngroeoimt 

ihUkcf  a£  tlie  duiMiBi  mi  ii^ 
ffttroH  ^  theMiiigf  Ihe  dii^  j^f 
-'ditieoquAinkmcBa,  AouUii  j»  thut 
i^tte,  be  iinkad  to  «i  uppnMral  .^f 
liw  ^gKsmmt  m  niafe,  fWPnJkd 
Ibtf  wipe  Mdflfied  tint  dtte  «im 
■yqai  0b  ^tm  not  hm  Aui  ihe 

of  lie  tithet  flmiog  tfrnm  yM|8 

fveoeiuig  ijeSL 

Hie  >coin«ifwinamr^  iwithja  imt 
-Mltnltfr  msiiihtfiwm.the   Jat  of 
-HvTotflier   sert,  afi»r  ihfl|r  bed 
-iri([Btd   ibor   cotificste  of   ibe 
Hinaunt  of  ithe  nwnifinijii 
nm  Miwn  OT  «{9tat  diat 
lupoft  al  laadfl  witbin  tbe  |>aEidi> 
«we  tMBBg  tMyiAaiE^  flOBocding  to 
i^ftMk  true  MiBttal  ^iiplticu    if  tto 
^«Kh  tpflfrtmcm  ins  mai^  tbe 
•iliMiiidwiit'iiiii^>rQi|iaie£^  Ibe 
<«^totor  of  4hB  iwriph^BOT  A  ,co|y 
;iof  Iftv^  kit  mff^jfimffm/t,  acofliiuig 
-!•  whiek4|fae««npQatiflA  Avas.tiien 
«»4)e«efUU»  • 

'  if  idM'CMninuanieWiOQQUiXigt 
•fooiinifiMM  the  aaiaiint  i)f  tl^ 
*oempgBitfcon^  £egr  4 

'  Mmek werettbepioviBunu of  the 
'bmr4bfttJira0f«8^:  W  the  hill, 
-m  bilndnced  hj  Mr.  Goulhucn^ 
•ymA^mry^aSuKiA^Kiik  .ia  its  «de- 
tailtHiiid  m  its  graend  {wioiple. 
In  particular,  it  on^aally  ooutain- 
'ed  a  dapse,  %  ^wluah  4he  inoum- 
%eiit 481^  becompeiled  to  aco^ 
itf  a  cap^ocdlien  .e^jsn  agaanstius 


WJM*     7%ii  pi!opp«pd   etisf^tme^t 
W^  S9  \^y  /pppospd,  ^  4i5pWt 
^tfp!W  9^  thp  ffiiB^suBe,  as  a  yjp- 
I^tioi^  <jf  U^   rjghtp  jof  phurcji 
^p^P^fiffKy^  (Imt  it  was  a^  leng^ 
sU^f^l^f^  WJjfift  thiji  stwntli^- 
tilock:  w^x  r^Qv^  oiHjof  Uie  wfiy, 
the  oth^  dauji^,  t^  wl^ipb  q]{|^ 
l^i^ms   of    le^   mpp^rtsmce   )¥eie 
IQad(e,  w^mo^ified^a^to^D^ 
^s%a^pqi^bl^>t]l^  vieiirsof^ 
ft^lties:  and^al;  Wt^ith^  lull  w|s 
jtispsinitt^  ^  d^  Ho)iae  ^  JPq^ 
^  There  m  »tt^ippj  W»§  ^n^  ^o 
ros^re  i|i  iu  ^gyp^  dp^jj^^  to  if^  j[»4- 
.miliive  ifxm;  for,  ^  ^q^yg^  a^ 
il    AWifiutteo    m    ^e    mj^^pure, 
l^  ^W^  iWy^d,  tt*t  it  he 
m  i^8tr^ct^  tto  th^  .(^xo^i^ttee, 
to  jplarp^uce  ^  dau^  to  j^mjpoiy^ 
.t)ie  }ordr^ey<«ei^nt  tp  «ip]^i]^  -a 
commission   for    the    purpp^  .^f 
aettling  t^  ampi^it  pf  compqi^tion 
fcr  titnei^   sudi   .fm^pui^   ^  l^e 
diete]wne4  ynX^  ^[jefi^repc^  to  # 
im»  JH^  for  iith^  ](br  a  ip^^cifi^ 
nuqils^  of  jp^  preyipu^  tf>  ^ 

The  E^r^^fjUverpQoI^  flihoug^ 
M  he}iey^  ttiat  fj,tim^tel7  it 
.^ould  ^  oecQ^i^t^  ^  add  a  com- 
pMb^  jcibtu^  tp  tl^e  bill,  ;wa^  of 
jop^uoB^  th^  mor?  Qdvantage 
^puld  ^re^|;  £ppm  trpjxg  ii  ^  a 
yokijQitaiy  me<i^re  iii  t^e  ^rst  ^- 
Ht^Ac^    Th^  plan  now  propose4» 

.     bf  a4iiutted,    w^    an    imperlect 

to  iqppoint  -<n)^;  Wt  it  ^oyjd  at  least  aUevia^ 
.  tie  ^vil,  a^d  would*  by  its  oner- 
t^^o^cause  the  ^e  nature  ana  9" 
teiit/qf  ^e  diffieuJUios^  thU  were  to 
^MrVffiled  with^  to  be  better  U9- 
4eff8too$r  Tl^e  motioa  was  rejected 
by  ft  n^jo^^  of  S4  to  11;  aufd 
.the  ^Q^uire  was  p^sse^  in  tbe 
Sipimi  which  i^  had/oc^iv^  in  the 
HovLfie  rf  Cq^QMms. 

There  1}^  J^pg  been  a  practice 

i»  JtaJaod,  by  wMcb  jii^r^els  of 

•M^Mm^^.  land^  irQj»  |p^  to   fiv«   hundred 


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HISTORY  OF  EUROPE. 


[06 


acres  in  extent,  were  let  to  several 
indiyiduals,  frcmi  two  to  one  faiin- 
.  died,  jointly.  Erery  one  of  these 
tenants  was  respcmsiUe  for  the 
rent  of  all  the  rest,  as  well  as  for 
his  own.  They  made  a  new  divi- 
sion of  the  arable  every  year  or 
two;  but  the  pasture  remained 
always  undivided.  They  generally 
paid  a  rack-rent ;  and  a^er  they 
had  built  their  huts  without  mor- 
tar, chimney,  or  window,  all  swore 
on  registering  their  freeholds,  to 
40r.  profit  arising  from  a  joint 
lease  for  one  or  more  lives.  *  The 
uniform  results  of  this  system  were, 
squalid  beggary  and  extreme  indo- 
hace ;  the  necessary  consequences 
of  the  industrious  being  liaUe  to 
pay  for  tlie  idle  tod  prcmigate. 

Being  all  bound  for  each  other,  to 
the  whole  extent  of  the  reserved 
rent,  the  landlord  could  at  any 
moment  ruin  any  one  though 
worth  far  more  than  his  own  pro- 
portion of  rent,  by  distraining  nim 
for  the  rent  of  his  co-lessees. 
Even  where  joint-tenants  were  in 
the  best  circumstances,  much  of 
their  time  was  lost  in  watching  the 
proper  ^plication  of  their  common 
funds.  They  all  attended,  when- 
ever money  was  to  be  received  or 
paid  for  the  general  account.  This 
B3rstem  contributed  also  in  another 
way,  to  the  multiplication  of  a 
be^arly  population;  for  as  per- 
sons never  value  a  common  right 
like  an  individual  one,  joint-ten- 
ants readily  admitted  into  their 
partnership  all  their  sons  and  fre- 
quently their  sons-in-law.  These 
joint-tenancies  were  equally  in- 
jurious to  the  interests  of  the 
landlord:  but  they  afforded  him  an 
easy  means  of  increasing  the  num- 
ber of  voters  under  his  alwolute  con- 
trol ;  since  he  could,  without  diffi- 
culty, have  every  male  living  on 
his  estate  roistered  as   a   nee- 

VoL.  LXV. 


holder.  This  eleolkmemBg  itt« 
fluence  was  the  bribe,  which  per* 
petuated  so  pemidous  a  mode  of 
letting.  To  discourage,  therefore^ 
a  practice  productive  cf  so  mudi 
eiol,  an  act  was  passed,  providing 
that  it  should  not  be  lawful  for 
any  person  to  register,  or  to  vote 
at  an  election  in  respect  of,  as^ 
freehold  under  the  yearly  value  of 
20L  held  under  a  lease  executed  to 
any  persons  jointly,  in  common,  or 
in  partnership,  sher  the  Ist  of 
July,  1823. 

On  the  25th  of  June,  Mr. 
Brougham  presented  a  petitum, 
signed  by  two  thousand  Roman 
Catholics  of  Ireland,  complaining 
of  the  unequal  administration  tn 
justice  in  that  part  of  the  empiie. 
On  the  foUowine  day,  after  hav- 
ing moved  that  me  petition  should 
be  entered  as  read,  he  proooedfid 
to  die  consideration  of  the  eomf 
plaint  contained  in  it.  The  to* 
pics  upon  which  he  insisted  wese 
the  composition  of  the  magistral^ 
— ^the  selection  of  juries  and 
the  conduct  of  Sherim  and  their 
deputies.  On  the  latter  subject, 
he  reminded  the  House  of  a  cir- 
cumstanee,  which  had  oocumed 
during  the  current  session.  A 
sentl^nan  of  the  name  of  Dillon 
M'Namara,  an  attorney  of  many 
years'  standing,  had  been  sum- 
moned upon  the  late  inquiir  into 
the  conduct  of  the  sherin^  and 
grand  jury  of  Dublin;  and,  l^ 
way  of  discrediting  his  evidence, 
the  fc^owing  questions  had  been 
put  to  him, — ''  Did  you  not  some 
years  ago  offer  a  bribe  to  a  sub* 
sheriff  of  Dublin,  if  he  would  pack 
a  jury  to  get  off  a  client  of  yours, 
who  was  going  to  be  tried  for 
forgery  T— Answer,  "  Yes,  I  did.' 
"  Did  you  pack  the  jury  ?"-^Aa-. 
SWOT,  «*  No,  I  could  not,  because 
the  panel  was  up  at  the  caitle* 


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60]      ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1823. 


Did  not  tha  mib-iheri£P^  it  would 
be  nAad,  wrkBm,  indignantly 
v^eet  lh«  hmef  Did  he  not  treat 
tlia  offinr^  u  every  sub-sheriff  in 
every  eounty  in  England  would 
treat  it?  Mr.  M'Namara's  an- 
swer as  to  that  point  made  no 
mention  of  indignation.  The 
questions  went  on— ^  Did  not  the 
subosheriff  reject  the  bribe?*'  An- 
swer. "  He  did  not  set  the  bribe." 
Mr.  M'Namara  wotud  not  say  he 
rejected  it.  Question,  ''Why  did 
he  not  get  the  bribe  ?" — Answer, 
''  Because  he  did  not  do  what  I 
wanted  him  to  do."  This  was  not, 
Mr.  Brouffham  submitted,  exactly 
the  kind  of  dialogue,  which  would 
have  taken  place  between  an  attor- 
ney and  a  sub-sheriff  in  Enffland, 
upon  the  subject  of  padang  a 
jury.  He  would  not  say,  that  the 
man,  who  would  pack  one  jury  to 
acquit  a  prisoner  ci  felony,  would 
•  as  readily  pack  another  to  convict 
a  man  ^  high  treason,  or  of 
libd ;  but  it  would  not  be  too  much 
to  suggest,  that  there  was  a  point 
in  money  matters,  to  which,  if  the 
briber  could  manage  to  go,  he 
might  possibly  find  access  to  tlie 
eitrof  the  sub-sheriff,  even  although 
he  should  wish  to  secure  a  con- 
viction for  aa  oflbnce  of  that  cha- 
racter. What  would  the  House 
ny  to  another  practice,  which  he 
eould  prove  by  competent  witnesses 
to  exist  in  Dublin  universally,  of 
the  sub-dieriff,  whose  duty  it  was 
to  summon  the  juries,  being  in  the 
habit  of  reoeivine  from  persons 
liaUe  to  serve,  a  ^  of  a  ^;uinea 
-  a-year,  to  refrain  from  calling  on 
than  to  p«form  that  duty  ?  So 
that  tliose  men,  to  whom  it  was 
eonvenie&t  to  pay  a  guinea  a-year, 
did  not  serve  on  juries  at  sJl ;  while 
those,  wbo  could  not  afford  to  pay 
the  ffttinea,  were  compdlod  to  do 
dottUe  duty,  and  those,  who  wiihed 


to  serve,  might,  by  not  paying  tlie 
guinea,  serve  more  frequently  than 
came  to  their  turn.  And  this  pre- 
cious practice  was  not  peculiar  to 
Dublin;  the  provinces  had  the 
benefit  of  it  as  well  as  the  capital, 
though  the  fee  in  country  places 
was  only  half  a  guineii  a  year. 
Thus  the  superior  classes,  who 
were  best  calculated  to  act  as  jury- 
men, gave  up,  unless  where  they 
chose  to  act,  the  duty  altogether  ; 
and  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  per- 
sons who  were  less  competent  to 
the  discharge  of  it,  and  more  open 
to  undue  influence. 

Another  evil  was,  that  the  pro- 
cess of  the  law  did  not  reach  eqiudiy 
to  all  dsBses  of  persons.  Where 
a  man  had  money,  he  regularly 
bribed  the  sub-«heriff,  as  soon  as 
that  officer  came  into  place,  and 
agreed  to  pay  him  all  fees  upon 
writs  out  against  him  for  debt, 
as  if  such  writs  were  formally 
served,  provided  timely  notice  of 
the  issuing  of  such  writs  were 
given  him.  To  the  poor  man,  of 
course,  this  indulgence  did  not 
extend :  he  was  tabsn  with  all  the 
rigour  of  the  law,  and  fiill  justice 
was  executed  upon  him.  Mr. 
Brougham  said,  that  he  could  prove 
this  at  the  bar;  but,  in  ftct,  iv 
had  been  proved  within  the  last 
three  days,  before  a  committee 
above  stairs.  He  would  read  a 
note  to  the  House  of  the  evidence 
upon  the  subject.  It  was  an  at- 
torney of  respectability  who  now 
spoke,  giving  his  evidence  on  the 
S3rd  ofthe  present  month.  Ques- 
tion. *'  Do  you  regard  ^e  diffi- 
culty of  obtaining  money  in  Ire- 
land af^  ju^ment,  as  one  of  the 
obstacles  to  English  capital  being 
carried  to  that  country?"  An- 
swer. "  Certainly  I  do ;  and  it  is 
cne  of  the  srei^test  evili  we  have 
|o  contend  with."  Question.  ^^Hpw 


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HISTORY  OP  EUROPE. 


(Of 


Ai08  it  ttiae?"  Answer,  '^n 
tli«  management  oi  the  office  of 
Sheriff— £ere  is  no  such  thing  as 
eseeuting  a  writ,  as  you  do  it  in 
England.  I  mean  to  confine  this 
to  exeeutinff  it  upon  persons  hay- 
ing the  rank  and  means  of  oentle* 
men ;  and  the  dty  of  Duhun  and 
tbe  county  of  Cork  are  eicceptions 
to  the  rule.  In  other  plaees  it  is 
the  hflbit^  upon  the  appointment 
tt  a  suh-^eriflP,  that  he  gets  notice 
that  he  will  he  paid  his  fees  upon 
wrHs  deliyered^  if  he  gives  notice 
to  the  parly  that  the  writ  is  about 
to  issue.**  Question.  ''Does  this 
pnictioe  prevail  generally  ?"  An« 
swer.  *'  I  understand  it  to  prevail 
every  where>  except  in  Coric  county 
and  bublin  city."  Now^  what  was 
the  result  of  such  a  system  ?  A 
nan  might  have  SO^OOOA  in  the 
Rngllsh  iimds,  or  in  any  invest* 
nt&t  which  the  law  did  not  reach ; 
he  ni^ht  be  living  in  Ireland  in 
lAie  m&t  of  luxury  and  macnifi* 
eenoe ;  a  hundred  writs  might  be 
out  against  his  person:  but^  so 
long  as  he  could  bribe  the  ^eriff 
to  give  him  notice  in  time^  he 
mi^t  defy  his  creditor^  and  suffer 
him  to  starve.  And  the  evidence, 
which  be  was  quodngi  did  not  stop 
atthispoint.  Another  question  was, 
*f  Do  you  mean  to  say,  then,  that 
there  is  one  practice  for  the  higher 
orders  in  Ireland,  and  another  for 
Uie  lower  r*  The  answer  was, 
''Yes."  Question.  "Stricter  in 
the  one  case  than  in  the  other }" 
Answer.  "Certainly."  Was  not 
this  what  lord  Redesdale  had  had  in 
his  eye,  when  he  had  said,  "There 
is  one  law  for  the  rich,  and  ano- 
tAncr  for  the  poor— both  equally 
31-executed?"  The  evidence  given 
by  this  man  of  practical  knowledge 
snd  habits  bore  out,  to  the  very 
letter,  that  which  loj^  ftedesdale 
aad  asset  ted* 


After  a  severe  invaetiva  agamst 
loid  Noibury,  and  some  remarks  on 
the  want  of  the  same  guarantees  for 
judicial  purity  as  were  enjoyed  in 
Bngland,  Mr.  Brougham  proceeded 
to  impugn  the  three  systems  c^the 
civil  bilb,  the  revenue  boards,  an^ 
the  assistant  barristers.  For  the 
civil-bill  system  it  was  scarce  ne* 
oessary  to  go  beyond  the  records  of 
the  House.  Act  after  act  had 
been  passed  upon  the  subject,  each 
admitting  the  faults  or  abuses  let 
in  by  that  which  went  before  it. 
For  the  revenue  boards,  their 
whole  construction  carried  abuse 
and  mischi^  upon  the  face  of  it ; 
the  same  individual  adjudging  for- 
feiture one  moment,  and  dauning 
the  benefit  of  it  for  his  own  acU 
vantage  the  next :  and  control  ovet 
the  liberties  and  properties  of  the 
king's  subjects  committed  to  the 
hands  d  men  without  a  qualifies* 
tion  which  should  fit  them  to  ex^ 
erdse  it.  Mr.  Brougham  oondud- 
ed  1^  moving,  that  the  petition 
should  be  referred  to  the  grand 
committee  for  courts  of  justice. 

Mr.  Ooulbium  opposed  diis 
course.  He  said,  that,  when  he 
looked  at  the  duoges  contained  in 
the  petitbn  and  the  want  of  facts 
to  substantiate  those  charges,  he 
could  not  give  much  credit  to  them. 
The  pure  administration  of  justice 
certamly  ought  to  be  the  first  ob- 
ject of  the  House  ;  but  iif  they 
were  bound  to  guard  against  the 
coiTuption  of  it,  they  were  equally 
bound  to  guard  a^nst  exposing 
that  administration  to  unjust  sus- 
picion. The  grievance  complained 
of  had  been  divided  into  two 
branches— the  one,  that  the  law 
was  unequal  with  r^ard  to  Pro- 
testants  and  Catholics;  and  Ae 
other,  that  the  administration  of 
that  unequal  law  was  oorrupt—. 
Was  ^  first  grievanee  applicahff 

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08]      ANNUAL  REGISTER,    1823. 


to  Ireland  alone  ?  Why  a  noble  lord 
was  just  on  the  point  of '^troduo- 
ing  a  billy  the  object  of  which  was 
to  confer  on  the  "English  Catholics 
the  same  privileges  as  were  pos- 
sessed bj  Catholics  in  Ireland. 
The  learaed  gentleman  had  charg- 
ed the  magistracy  with  being  more 
or  less  corrupt.  Mr.  Goulbum 
stated  generally  his  belief>  that 
the  administration  of  justice  in 
Ireland  was  not  charg^Ue  with 
partiality  or  corruption;  and  de- 
dared^  that  he  could  not  accede  to 
a  motion  which  was  grounded  on 
no  statement  of  facts^  which  con- 
sisted in  general  assertion^  and 
which^  if  encouraged  by  parlia- 
ment now^  might  go  to  the  extent 
of  vilifying  every  character  and  the 
whole  administration  by  general 
and  declamatory  abuse. 

Several  of  the  Irish  members  re- 
probated the  petition  in  very  strong 
language.  Mr.  Hutchinson  thought, 
that  the  complaints  of  the  peti- 
tioners were  to  be  imderstood  as  re- 
ferring principally  to  the  situation 
in  wUch  they  were  placed  in  the 
city  of  Dublin>  and  not  as  alluding 
to  other  parts  of  Ireland.  If  the 
complaints  were  meant  to  be  ge- 
nendly  applicable,  he  and  many 
other  gentlemen  could  contradict 
them.  The  distribution  of  justice 
in  Leinster,  Munster,  and  Con- 
naught,  was  perfectly  fair,  and  left 
the  Catholics  without  cause  of 
complaint.  How  could  it  be 
otherwise,  when,  in  different  coun- 
ties, many  of  the  grand  jurors 
were  Catholics?  If  this  petition 
were  understood  to  convey  a  com- 
plaint against  the  administration  of 
justice  generally — against  the  in- 
tegrity of  the  bench  as  a  body-* 
against  grand  and  petty  juries  ge- 
nerally throughout  the  country — 
he  was  prepued  to  negative  the 
imputation;   for,  in  the  parts  of 


Ireland  with  which  he  was  bert 
acquainted,  there  was  no  ^pround 
for  the  accusation;  nor  did  the 
Catholics  there,  to  his  knowledge^ 
ever  make  or  sanction  it. 

Mr.  Daly  could  not  assent  to  the 
proposed  construction  of  this  peti- 
tion as  applyinff  only  to  the  ooipo-  . 
ration  or  Dumin.  On  the  oon« 
trary,  he  saw  that  it  cast  a  general 
imputation  upon  the  judges,  the 
magistracy,  the  grand  and  petty 
Junes,  throughout  Ireland.  A 
charge  so  broad  was  an  attack  upon 
the  rrostestants  of  the  country,  to- 
tally unfounded  in  every  respect. 
Much  as  he  contended  for  die  jus- 
tice and  policy  of  the  Cathcdic 
claims,  yet  he  could  not  sacrifice  to 
mean  popularity  his  sense  of  the 
gross  injustice  of  the  charge  con- 
veyed in  this  petition.  Not  a  sin- 
gle fact  was  stated  in  this  petition, 
and  every  insinuation  it  conveyed 
was  unfounded.  He  could  say,  as 
the  representative  of  a  large  Ca- 
tholic county,  that  he  never  sat 
upon  a  jury  without  finding  a  Ca- 
tholic in  the  jury-box ;  and  he  had 
never,  in  a  single  instance,  heard 
firom  any  member  of  that  religion 
a  compbdnt  of  a  mal-administra- 
tion  of  justice ;  he  had  never  heard 
from  one  of  them  even  a  whisper 
of  corruption.  He  owed  this 
statement  to  the  character  of  his 
Protestant  fellow-countrymen;  and 
he  owed  also  to  the  Catholics  to 
deny  their  general  participation  in 
the  statements  of  this  petition. 
Not  a  single  Catholic  nobleman, 
member  of  a  noble  family,  or  ba- 
ronet, had  signed  it.  There  was 
no  signature  to  it  of  any  of  the 
great  Catholic  landed  proprietors ; 
nor  even  of  any  of  the  great  Ca- 
tholic merchants.  Such  a  petition 
did  not  «peak  the  sense  of  the  Ca- 
tholics of  Ireland,  nor  did  it  con- 
tain a  syllable  d  fact  from  the  be- 
ginning to  the  end. 


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[69 


After  speeches  from  sir  Henry 
Pamela  Mr.  Abercromby,  Mr.  V. 
FiUgorald  and  ^Mr.  Peel,  the 
House  divided:  fifty-nine  voting 
fin'  Mr.  Brougham's  motion,  and 
a  hundred  and  thirty-nine  against 
it, 

Mr.  Hume  directed  part  of  his 
attention  to  the  a&irs  of  Irdand  : 
but  the  schemes,  which  he  pro- 
posed, were  too  extravagant  to 
meet  with  any  semblance  of  sup- 
port. One  of  his  plans  was  em- 
bodied in  four  resolutions,  which 
he  brought  forward  on  the  4th  of 
March.  These  resolutions  were 
1.  That  the  property  of  the 
diuidi  of  Ireland,  at  present  in 
the  possession  of  the  bishops,  the 
deans,  and  chapters  of  Ireland,  is 
public  property,  under  the  con- 
trol and  at  the  disposal  of  the  legis- 
lature, for  the  support  of  religion, 
uid  for  «uch  other  purposes  as  par- 
liament in  its  wisdom  may  deem 
beneficial  to  the  community  ;  due 
attention  being  always  paid  to  the 
i^ts  of  every  person  now  enjoy- 
mg  any  part  of  that  property  r  2. 
That  it  is  expedient  to  inquire 
whether  the  present  church  esta- 
blishment of  Ireland  be  not  more 
than  conunensurate  to  the, services 
to  be  performed,  both  as  r^ards 
the  number  of  persons  emp£)yed 
and  the  incomes  they  receive;  and, 
if  u>,  whether  a  reduction  of  the 
same  should  not  take  place,  with 
dne  regard  to  all  existing  interests : 
d.  That  the  peace  and  best  in- 
terest of  Irdand  would  be  pro* 
moted  by  a  commutation  rf  tithes 
— jthoee  behnmng  to  lay  impro- 
priators, as  w^  as  those  in  posses- 
sion of  the  clergy— -on  such  princi- 
ples as  shall  be  considered  just  and 
equitable  towards  the  interests  of 
the  dergy  and  the  present  pos- 
muoa,  whether  lay  or  clerical: 
i  That »  Klwt  fiOQunitieQ  te  up* 


pointed,  to  consider  in  what  way 
the  objects  stated  in  those  resolu- 
tions can  be  best  carried  into  ef- 
fect." 

These  resolutions,  and  the  prin- 
ciples of  spoliation  with  which  Mr, 
Hume  h^  prdfaced  them,  were 
strongly  opposed,  particularly  by 
Mr.  Peel,  and  Mr.  Plunkett  The 
latter  gentleman  declared,  that  he 
could  not  allow  the  resolutions  of 
the  hon.  member  to  be  offered  to 
the  consideration  of  the  House, 
without  esmressing,  in  terms  as 
strong  as  the  English  language 
could  supply,  or  the  rules  of  par- 
liament would  allow  him  to  use^ 
his  sense  of  the  folly  and  despera- 
tion of  -  the  measure  which  had 
been  proposed,  and  without  ex- 
pressing the  strongest^  reprobation 
of  it  which  it  was  in  his  power  to 
bestow.  The  i^ian  of  the  hon. 
gentleman  forgovemingthe  church 
of  Ireland,  if  proper  for  that  coun- 
try, would  be  proper  for  England- 
If  adopted  by  parliament,  they 
would  in  eSect  declare,  that  the 
property  of  the  hierarchy  was  pub- 
lic i»x)perty,  and  was  Imble  to  be 
disposed  of  for  purposes  of  relidon, 
or  for  any  other  purposes.  This 
would  prepare  the  way  for  the 
downfall  of  the  hierarchy :  that  of 
the  throne  must  follow ;  and  this 
would,  of  course,  involve  the  over- 
throw of  the  constitution.  He  was 
no  advocate  for  the  divine  right  or 
the  sacredness  of  church  proper^ 
more  than  of  any  other  kind  of  pro* 
perty.  .^  But  he  was  an  advocate  for 
the  sacredness  of  all  property.  Ha 
qpoke  language  whidi  came  home 
to  the  breast  of  every  Englishman^ 
when  he  said,  that  the  church  (^ 
England  was  an  integral  part  of 
the  constitution,  and  could  not  be 
interfered  with  without  interfering 
with  the  constitution.  But  the 
hffiu  gentlemaa  sail  that  p«lia*< 


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10)      ANNUAL  ll£OISTEIl,  1823* 


mMil  had  interfered  with  thfe  re- 
Hn\3m  of  the  crown,  and  had  the 
fame  right  to  interfere  with  the  re- 
venues of  the  church.  He  ad- 
ntiitedthat  it  had  the  same  right 
to  interfere.  But,  when  the 
House  interfered  with  the  re- 
venues of  the  crown,  it  was  ndt 
to  commit  an  outrage,  but  to 
ttake  a  compact,  to  which  the 
crown  was  a  consenting  party, 
and  which  was  to  last  only  till  the 
exjpiration  of  the  life  interest  of  the 
teigning  sovereign.  Very  differ- 
ent was  the  proposition  of  the  hon. 
gentleman,  who  attacked  the  pro- 
perty of  the  church  for  alleged  ir- 
regularities, and,  without  limiting 
his  measure  to  a  life  interest,  de- 
manded that  its  property  should  be 
taken  away  altogether.  But,  then, 
an  equitable  adjustment  should  be 
made.  And,  what  was  the  equit- 
able adjustment  proposed  ?  Whjf , 
that  full  compensation  was  to  be 
made  to  the  individuals  now  in  the 
church.  This  compensation  was 
to  be  given  to  the  individuals  of 
whose  misconduct  he  complained ; 
and  the  property  belonging  to  the 
church  was  to  be  taken  from  their 
successors,  who  had  never  offended. 
And  this  was  the  "  equitable  ad- 
justment" proposed  by  the  hon.  gen- 
tleman, as  it  was  ^e  custom  to 
call  every  plan  of  spoliation  and  in- 
justice.  If  he  deprecated  thitf 
scheme  as  applied  to  the  Protestant 
establishment  of  England,  he  de- 
precated it  still  more  as  applied  td 
the  establishment  of  Ireland.  The 
dinroh  establishment  in  Ireland^ 
OS  in  England,  was  an  integral 
pot  of  the  constitution,  but  iit 
Ireland  it  was  also  the  bond  of 
connexion  with  this  country. 

The  first  resolution,  as  well  as 
the  third  and  fourth  were  nega- 
tived without  a  division:  6n  the 
leecmdi  ibeHottsediyided;  whea 


the  Ayes,  were  62,  and  the  Niees, 
167. 

On  the  25th  of  June,  a  motion 
was  brou^t  forward  by  Mr. 
Hume,  tl^  object  of  which,  in 
effect,  was  to  pave  the  way  for  dife 
abolition  of  the  office  of  viceroy* 
What,  he  asked,  were  the  duties 
of  the  lord-lieutenant?  On  the 
score  of  the  army,  there  existed  no 
need  of  a  resident  viceroy ;  the  of- 
fice of  seoetary  at  war  had  been 
abolished  ;  that  of  the  commander 
of  the  forces  was  considered  unne- 
cessary ;  and  the  customs  and  excise 
of  Ireland  were  consolidated  wi& 
those  of  England.  There  still  ex- 
isted the  fomality  of  the  vice-roy 
signing  warrants  to  the  vice-trea- 
surer ;lrat,  with  the  exception  of  the 
civil  contingencies,  he  M  not  po»* 
sess  the  power  of  disposing  d^  A 
pound,  without  the  concurrence  of 
thetreasury  of  England.  CouldnOI 
these  duties,  then,  be  discharged 
with  efficiency  in  England  ?  The 
veiy  existence  of  a  seeming  court 
in  Dublin,  assembled  around  it  all 
the  materials  of  party,  and  it  be- 
came the  fbcus  of  internal  disorder. 
The  actual  charge  of  Ireland  to 
Great  Britain,  in  1822,  was 
8,098,826^  At  the  Union,  the 
expence  of  the  military  estab- 
lishment amounted  to  only 
510,000/ — ^it  now  cost  1,500,000^.1 
and  since  then  the  allowances  to 
the  lord-lieutenant  had  been  in* 
creased  from  20,000/.  to  30,0001. ; 
whilst  the  whole  business  could  be 
much  more  efficiently  performed  in 
London.  It  might  be  said  that 
Dublin  would  locally  sufier  by  the 
removal  of  the  court :  this  he  ad- 
mitted, so  far  as  the  interests  of  a 
few  were  concerned:  but  within 
the  la^  twenty  years  Dublin  had 
increased,  and  it  would  ccmtinue 
to  increase,  in  housesand  population, 
«9  well  as  ta  its  oo&imeroe«    He 


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tiiSTORY   OF   EUROPfi. 


{tl 


eoQclnded  by  movinff  an  address  to 
tlie  crown,  praying  for  the  appoint- 
ment  of  a  comnusdon  to  mquirc 
iivhether  the  government  of  Ireland 
ought  to  continue  in  its  present 
state,  or  whether  the  lord-lieu- 
tenant and  other  officers  ought  not 
to  he  dismissed. — Mr.  Goulbum 
opposed  the  motion,  as  derogatory 
to  tke  true  interests  of  Ireland, 
and  fital  to  her  prosperity.  The 
duties  of  the  lord-lieutenant  were 
most  important,  and  could  not  be 
executed  in  England.  Mr.  D. 
Browne  declared,  that  the  very 
mention  of  such  a  thing  in  Dublin, 
would  excite  a  kind  of  rebellion. — 
Sir  J.  Newport  also  said,  that  the 
measure  was  more  calculated  than 
any  other  to  augment  the  discontent 
of  Ireland — ^After  several  other 
members  had  delivered  their  senti- 
inents>  Mr.  Hume  said,  that,  as  he 
was  certain  the  inquiry  he  desired 
must  come  ere  long  from  the  other 
nde  of  the  House,  he  should  not  press 
the  question  then.  The  motion 
was  ne^tived  without  a  division. 

The  Duke  of  Devonshire,  on  the 
19th  of  June,  brought  the  state  of 
Ireland  generally  under  the  con- 
^deration  of  the  House  of  Ldrds- 
ITie  whole  of  the  government  of 
Ireland,  said  his  grace,  its  policy 
and  practice,  demanded  a  prompt 
and  thorough  examination.  His 
majesty's  ministers  had  defended 
their  Irish  policy,  by  saying,  that 
their  object  was,  not  to  give  a 
triumph  to  any  party ;  and  the 
result  was,  that  the  government  of 
Ireland  was  compktely  in  the 
hands  of  the  Orangemen.  In  such 
a  stato  of  things,  something  more 
dedsive  ought  to  be  done,  than 
adopting  a  system  of  giving  a 
triiunph  to  neither  party.  If  he 
were  asked  what  measures  ought  to 
be  adopted,  he  should  urge  the  con- 
oeissioa  of  the  Catholic  question ; 


the  arrangement  of  the  tithes;  tbfe 
abridgment  of  the  power  of  that 
narty  which  had  so  long  ruled  in 
Ireland;  and  lastly,  the  most 
vigilant  attention  to  the  adminis^ 
tratibn  of  the  laws.— He  concluded 
by  moving  the  following  resoln*. 
tions: — "That  this  House  has 
learnt,  with  the  deepest  regrel, 
from  the  information  laid  before  it 
during  the  present  session  by  conu* 
mand  of  his  majesty,  that  a  general 
spirit  of  violence,  manifesting  itself 
in  outrages  of  the  most  alarming 
nature,  has  for  some  titoie  prevailed 
in  many  parts  of  Ireland,  and  that, 
in  the  opmion  of  his  majesty's  gcs 
vernment,  extraordinary  powers 
are  required  for  the  protection  of 
the  persons  and  property  of  his 
majesty's  subjects  in  that  langdom : 
— That  this  House  vrill  be  ready 
to  concur  in  any  measured  ^hicn 
may  be  found  indispensable  for  the 
prompt  and  efiectual  suppression  of 
these  disorders ;  but  experience  has 
proved  that  coercion  and  force, 
however  necessary  to  avert  a  pres- 
sing and  immediate  danger,  hav^ 
not  been  sufficient  to  eradicate 
evils,  whose  magnitude  and  ft^ 
quent  recurrence  induce  a  belief 
tiiat  there  must  exiM;  some  material 
defect  in  the  state  and  administra- 
tion of  the  laws,  and  the  system  of 
the  government ;  to  the  examina- 
tion of  which,  with  a  view  to  the 
adoption  of  more  permanent  and 
effectual  remedies,  it  is  the  duty  of 
this  House,  to  apply  itself  without 
further  delay." 

Earl  Bathurst  denied  that  thero 
was  any  evidence  to  substantiate 
the  charges  against  the  government, 
which  the  noble  duke's  speech  con- 
tained. That  parliament  had  not, 
since  the  Union,  been  employed 
solely  in  passing  coercive  measures, 
was  sufficiently  proved  by  the 
Statute  book.    His  lordship  enu« 


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n]      ANNUAL   ^EGIBTER,  1823. 


jn«rRted  a  immber  of  measures 
wbich  had  been  introduced  for 
the  benefit  of  Ireland^  more  par- 
ticularly those  which  regarded  her 
agriculture,  local  taxation,  fisheries, 
and  the  administration  of  justice ; 
and  then  asked,  was  it  fair  to  re- 
present parliament  as  onlj  em- 
ployed m  devising  measures  of 
coercion  ?  It  was  very  true,  that 
as  the  coercive  measures  were  al- 
ways confined  to  a  limited  period, 
it  was  frequently  necessary  to  re- 
new them ;  but  the  measures  for 
the  benefit  of  Ireland  were  at  once 
rendered  permanent,  and  were 
acting  at  this  moment  silently 
and  beneficially  for  her  advantage. 
One  of  the  evils  which  had  b^n 
complained  of,  was  the  absence  of 
gentlemen  frcnn  their  estates ;  and 
this  government  had  attempted  to 
xemedy  by  repealing  the  assessed 
taxes.  He  concluded  by  stating, 
that,  as  he  was  unwillins  to  meet 
the  motion  which  had  oeen  sub- 
mitted to  their  lordshi|ib  with  a 
direct  negative,  he  would  move  the 
previous  question.  Lords  Damley, 
Kii^  Holland,  and  Lansdown 
ipoke  in  support  of  the  resolutions ; 
Lords  Caledon,  Limerick,  and 
Liverpool  against  them*  .  The  de- 


bate terminated  by  a  di^^flon>  the 
result  of  which  was,  that  there 
were  59  votes  for  the  original  mo- 
tion, and  135  against  it. 

The  alleged  misconduct  of  the 
chief  baron,  O'Grady,  was  the  sub- 
ject of  repeated  discussion  during 
the  present  session.  The  accusa^ 
tion  was,  that  he  had  exacted  illegal 
lees  on  proceedings  in  his  court 
It  appeared  that  he  had  done  so  in 
some  instances;  but  it  was  also 
evident,  that  he  fell  into  the  error 
from  negligence  rather  than  firom 
any  corrupt  motive.  The  more  the 
matter  was  discussed,  the  slighter 
became  the  character  of  his  sup- 
posed ofience ;  and  ultimately,  so 
satisfied  were  all  parties  that  the 
matters  of  imputation  against  him 
were  merely  trivial  and  accidental 
irregularities,  that  no  further  pro- 
ceeding or  inquiry  with  respect  to 
them  was  instituted. 

In  the  end  of  summer  and  the 
earlier  part  of  autumn,  the  outrages 
in  the  south  of  Irelmid  incremd 
in  number,  and  assumed  a  character 
of  extreme  ferociousness.  As  win- 
ter approached  they  again  sub- 
sided; and,  by  the  end  of  the 
year,  the  country  enjoyed  rather 
more  tranquillity  than  was  usual. 


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HIStOftY  OF  EVUOPS. 


m 


CHAP.   IV. 

Cafhoik  Question :  tSir  F.  Burdett  declares  his  Intention  of  withdraw'* 
ing  from  the  Discussion :  Imputations  on  Mr,  Canning  and  Mr. 
Pinnkett:  Mr.  Canning's  Defence:  Mr.  Brougham's  Invective 
against  Mr.  Canning:  intemperate  Conduct  of  the  latter :  Motion  for 
committing  Mr.  Canning  and  Mr.  Brotigham  to  the  custody  of  the 
Seiyeani  at  Arms:  temtination  of  the  Quarrel:  Remarks  on  this 
Proceeding — Mr.  Plnnketfs  Motion  on  the  Catholic  Claims :  its  fate 
— BUls  for  conferring  the  Elective  Franchise  on  English  Cathaics, 
and  adnntting  them  to  certain  Offices ,  passed  by  the  Commons,  hut 
slopped  in  the  Lords — Lord  Colcftester's  Motion  with  respect  to 
Catholic  Institutions — Parliamentary  Reform — The  state  of  the  Elec' 
iive  Franchise  in  Scotch  Counties — Motion  with  respect  to  the  Election 
^Magistrates  for  the  Borough  of  Inverness. 


IT  wuB  the  wish  of  numy  of  the 
friends  of  the  Catholics^  that 
the  question  of  their  claims  ^ould 
not  oe  discussed  in  the  present 
seabn.  Mr.  Canning  expressed 
hit  q[iinion  in  favour  of  this  course. 
The  general  sentiments^  however^ 
of  the  friends  of  the  cause  leaned  the 
olher  way ;  and  the  17th  of  April 
was  fixed  for  a  formal  motion  on 
Uie  subject. 

On  diat  day,  the  presenting  of 
several  petitions  concerning  con- 
cessions  to  the  Catholics  gave  rise 
to  some  preliminary  discussion,  in 
which  sir  Frauds  Burdett  declared, 
that  the  annual  discussion  of  this 
^lestion  was  a  mere  farce,  from 
which  the  honest  friends  of  the 
Catholics  ought  to  withdraw. 
Thai  alludinff  to  wine  observations 
which  had  fallen  from  Mr.  Canning 
m  a  debate,  two  nights  previously, 
(m  the  ej?  qfficio  mformations  in 
DuUin^    he    inveighed    bitterly 

Ethat  gentleman   for  his 
defection  from  the  cause 
noi^tioa*    Tbe  riglit  hoo* 


secretary,  he  said,  had  stated  that 
it  was  impossible  the  Catholic 
claims  could  ever  be  carried ;  for, 
he  had  stated,  that  it  was  impos- 
sible a  government,  or  rather  an 
admimstration,  should  ever  be 
formed,  by  which  this  question 
should  be  carried ;  and  that,  if  it 
was  possible  to  form  such  an  ad* 
ministration^  he,  to  accomplish  it, 
would  willingly  leave  office^— his^ 
acceptance  of  which  was  the  cause 
of  all  this  compromise  of  the  public 
safety.  If  such  was  the  case,  why 
had  Mr.  Canning  consented  to 
practise  a  deception  upon  the  House 
and  the  country  ?  Why  had  he 
employed  himself  in  raising  hope 
that  was  only  to  be  deferred,  and 
deferred  only  to  be  disappointed  ? 
Why  had  he  contributed  to  irritate 
and  excite  the  warm  feelings  of  a 
generous  people,  only  to  plunge 
Wiem  stai  lower  in  the  depths  of 
grief  and  despair  ?  Had  he  come 
forward  so  often  upon  this  subject, 
merely  because  it  afibrded  hun  a 
happy  theme  for  the  jiapby  of  Ui 


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^4}      ANNtAt  REOISTER,  1823. 


rhetoric  ?  or  had  he  endeavoured 
to  catch  a  breath  of  the  fleeting 
gale  of  ^opularity>  by  affecting,  in 
Siis  sohtary  instance,  to  be  the 
advocate  of  liberal  principles  ? 
Some  motive  of  this  Idnd  must 
have  influenced  the  right  hon. 
gentleman;  because  he  well  knew, 
at  the  very  moment  he  was 
vapouring  in  the  cause  of  the 
Catholics,  that  his  exertions  must 
be  utterly  fruitless  of  all  benefit, 
and  become  the  fertile  source  of 
irritation  and  discontent.  Not- 
withstanding this  obvious  truth- 
obvious  by  the  event — ^the  House 
had  been  repeatedly  called  upon  to 
waste  its  time  in  useless  discussion. 
The  people  of  Ireland  had  again 
and  again  been  excited  to  the  ut- 
most pitch  of  expectation;  and 
again  and  aoain  had  they  l^uned, 
that  their  teelings  had  only  been 
trifled  with  and  insulted.  Their 
rights  had  been  enforced  by  the 
right  hon.  secretary  in  the  strongest 
terms;  their  wrongs  had  been 
nainted  in  the  most  vivid  colours  ; 
but  to  their  rights  and  to  their 
wronss,  that  quarter^  which  it  was 
most  miportant  to  propitiate,  had 
been  equally  deaf.  That  the 
people  of  Ireland,  with  their  feel- 
ing so  called  forth — with  their 
gnevances  painted  in  such  vivid 
hues— with  their  wrongs  so  held 
up  in  the  eloquent  language  of 
the  right  hon.  gentleman,  in 
addition  to  their  own  sense  of 
tiitolerable  injustice,  should  not 
be  tranquil,  was  matter  of  any 
thing  but  wonder.  It  was  a  little 
too  mudi  to  trifle  yrith  the  feeHnga 
of  the  people  and  with  the  tran- 
quillity of  Ireland,  by  uselessly 
continuing  so  painful  an  excite- 
ment. Far  better  was  it  at  once 
to  put  an  end  to  all  hope  of  bet- 
tering their  condition,  and  to  pro- 
claim, tnat  the  system  gf  Protest 


tant  ascendancy  would  never  be 
relaxed  from,  than  that  the  Catho- 
lics should  be  led  to  struggle, 
without  a  chance  of  success. 
Under  such  circumstances,  he  con- 
ceived tibat  he  should  best  dis- 
charge his  duty  by  withdrawing 
from  an  usdess  discussion*  He 
concluded  with  reading  an  extract 
from  a  speech  delivered  ly  Mr. 
Plunl^ett  on  the  25th  of  February 
1813.  That  extract  was  received 
with  loud  cheering  by  the  House : 
it  was  in  the  fdlowing  words: 
"  But  how  can  any  honest  mind 
be  reconciled  to  the  ambiguity,  in 
which  the  cabinet  has  oonc^ed 
itself  from  public  view  on  this 
great  national  question;  or  with 
what  justice  can  they  complain  of 
the  madness,  which  grows  out  of 
this  fevCT  of  their  own  creating  ? 
This  is  no  subject  of  compromise. 
Either  the  claim  is  forbidden  hy 
some  imperious  principle,  too  sa- 
cred to  be  tampered  with,  or  it  is 
enjoined  by  a  law  of  reason  and 
justice,  which  it  is  oppression  to 
resist.  In  ordinary  cases,  it  sounds 
weD,  to  say,  that  a  question  is  left 
to  the  unbiassed  sense  of  parlia- 
ment and  people ;  but  that  a  mea- 
sure of  vital  importance,  and  which 
has  been  again  and  again  discussed 
by  all  his  majesty's  ministers,  should 
be  left  to  work  its  own  course,  iand 
suffered  to  drift  along  the  tide  of 
parliamentary  or  popular  opinion^ 
seems  difficult  to  understand ;  that 
government  should  be  mere  spefc- 
tators  of  such  a  process  is  novel ; 
but  when  it  is  xnown,  that  they 
have  all  considered  deeply,  and 
formed  their  opinions  decidedly,  in 
direct  opposition  to  each  otJier; 
that  after  this  they  should  consult 
in  the  same  cabinet,  and  sit  on  the 
same  bench,  professing  a  decided 
opinion  in  point  of  theory,  and  a 

Strict  neutrality  ia  point  of  ptac« 


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[75 


Ike;  that  on  this  most  atiffry  of 
all  questions  thej  should  suffer  the 
population  bf  the  country  to  be 
eetnmitted  in  mutual  hostUity^  and 
cxmTulsed  with  mutual  rancour 
Aggrstated  hj  the  uncertainty  ot 
the  erent^  produdm^  on  Uie  one 
aide  all  the  fury  of  disappointed 
hopes^  and  on  the  other  side  ma* 
li^ty  and  hatred^  from  Uie  ap- 
prehoision  that  the  measure  may 
be  carried^  and  insolence  from 
ereiy  circumstance,  public  or  pri- 
▼ate>  which  tends  to  disappoint  or 
poctpmie  it ;  one  half  of  the  king's 
ildn&ters  encouraging  them  to  seek, 
wi^umt  enabling  them  to  obtain ; 
the  other  half  subdirided ;  some 
heading  out  an  ambiguous  hope, 
others  announciiug  a  never-ending 
despair.  I  ask,  is  this  a  state,  in 
irlixSb.  the  government  of  the 
eaaktrj  has  a  right  to  leave  it? 
Some  tttaster^piece  of  imperial 
policy  must  be  unfolded,  some 
deep  and  sacfed  principle  of  empire, 
ftraiething  far  removed  from  the 
iuspicion  of  unworthy  compromise 
cf  principle  for  power,  to  reconcile 
the  fedings  of  the  intelligent 
public,  or  to  uphold  a  rational  con- 
fidence in  the  honesty  or  serious- 
ness of  the  covemment.  The  con- 
sajneiices  of  such  conduct  are  dis- 
astrous, not  merely  in  the  tumult 
and  discord  which  they  are  calcu- 
lated to  excite,  but  in  their  effect 
upon  the  character  of  Uie  govem- 
ttent  and  the  times." 

Mr.  Canning  denied  that  he  had 
ever  said,  that  he  considered  the 
success  of  the  Cathdic  question  as 
hdpeldsi.  What  he  had  said  was 
mB — ^that  he  thought  it  hopeless, 
in  the  present  state  of  the  country, 
tad  of  this,  and  the  other  House 
of  Parliament,  to  form  an  admi^ 
niitratioh  which  should  agre^  upon 
dus  meslsure,  and  upon  all  uUier 
gtaeittl  mimnmBf  lo  lis  to  be  able 


to  carry  on  the  bu&ness  of  the 
nation.  If  any  persons  imagined 
that  such  a  declaration  was  equi- 
valent to  a  declaration  that  he 
thoucht  that  this  question  could 
not  be  carried  without  its  beine 
made  what  was  technically  called 
a  flovemment  question,  all  be 
wi£ed  to  have  recollected  was, 
that  it  was  not  he  who  had  pro- 
mulgated such  an  opinion.  He 
had  al^ys  thought,  and  had  re- 
peatedly said,  that  this  question 
would  make  its  way  under  any  eo^ 
vemment,  which  did  not  actufuly 
unite  or  openly  set  its  couiitenance 
against  it.  He  believed,  that  it 
had  been  making  its  way*  It 
might,  however,  receive  its  deaths 
blow  from  the  secession  which  had 
been  threatened  that  evening ;  but, 
if  it  did  so  fail,  on  the  heads  of 
the  seceders  alone  let  the  Uame  of 
its  failure  be  thrown !  With  respect 
to  the  observations  which  had  been 
made  upon  his  own  conduct,  he 
asserted,  that,  both  in  and  out  tif 
office,  but  more  especially  whilst  out 
of  office,  he  had  done  every  thing 
in  his  power  to  promote  the  success 
of  this  great  cause. 

Mr.  G.  Bennett  expressed  his  ap- 
proval of  the  sentiments  uttered,  as 
well  as  of  the  line  of  conduct  an<- 
nounced,  by  sir  Francis  Burdett ; 
and  called  in  question  the  sincerity 
of  Mr.  Plunkett,  no  less  than  that  of 
Mr.  Canning.  Other  members  of 
theoppo8ition,among  whom  was  Mr. 
Tiemey,  though  equally  vehement 
with  the  honourable  baronet  in 
their  condemnation  of  ministers, 
thought  themselves  bound,  hop^ 
less  as  the  cause  wa^,  to  support 
the  claims  of  the  CathoHcs  by  their 
votes.  Mr.  Peel  then  defended  his 
conduct  upon  this  subject  He 
was  followed  by  Mr.  Brougham, 
who,  widi  more  than  usual  ^our 
of  manner,  poured  6ut  a  strain  of 

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76]      ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1823. 


warm  eulogy  of  Mr.  Ped,  and 
bitter  invective  against  those  mem- 
bers of  the  cabinet^  who,  pretend- 
ing zeal  for  the  Catholic  question, 
abandoned  it  to  its  fate.  If,  said 
he,  the  other  ministers  had  taken 
example  by  the  single-hearted, 
plain,  manly,  and  upright  conduct 
of  the  right  hon.  secretary  for  the 
home  department,  who  had  always 
been  on  the  same  side  of  the  ques- 
tion, never  swerving  from  his  opi- 
nions, but  standing  uniformly  up 
and  stating  them ;  who  had  never 
taken  office  upon  a  secret  under- 
standing to  abandon  the  question 
in  substance,  while  he  continued 
to  sustain  it  in  words;  whose 
mouth,  heart,  and  conduct  had 
always  been  in  unison  upon  the 
question — ^if  such  had  been  the 
conduct  followed  by  all  the  friends 
of  emancipation,  he  should  not 
have  found  himself  in  a  state 
almost  bordering  on  despair,  with 
regard  to  the  fate  of  the  Catholic 
clsoms.  Let  the  conduct  of  the 
fettomey-general  for  Ireland  have 
been  what  it  might ;  let  him  have 
deviated  from  his  former  profes- 
sions or  not;  still,  if  the  right 
hon.  secretary  for  foreign  affairs 
had  come  forward  at  that  critical 
moment  for  the  question,  and  for 
his  own  character,  when  the  point 
was,  whether  he  should  &;o  to 
India,  into  honourable  exik,  or 
take  office  in  England,  and  not 
submit  to  his  sentence  of  transpor- 
tation, but  be  condemned  to  hard 
labour  in  his  own  country— doomed 
to  the  disquiet  of  a  divided  council 
^.flitting  with  his  enemies,  dnd 
pitied  by  his  friends  —  with  his 
naiids  chained  and  tied  down  on 
all  those  lines  of  operation,  which 
his  own  sentiments  and  wishes 
would  have  led  him  to  adopt — at 
that  critical  moment,  when  his 
fate  depended  upon  lord  chancellor 


Eldon,  and  his  sentiments  with  xe-  \ 
spect  to  the  CaAolic  cause— if,  at  \ 
that  critical  moment,  he,  who  had  , 
said   on  the   last  night    that  he 
would  not  truckle  to  a  noble  lord  i 
(Folkestone),  but  who  then  had  ex-  . 
hibited  a  specimen,  the  most  in- 
credible  specimen,   of  monstnms 
truckling,  for  the  purpose  of  ob- 
taining office,  that  ftie  whole  his- 
tory  of  political  tergiversation  could 
.  furnish 

Mr.  Secretary  Cannlng^ — I  rise 
to  say,  that  that  b  false. 

The  Speaker,  after  a  perfect 
silence  in  the  House  during  some 
seconds,  said  in  a  low  tone,  that 
he  hoped  the  right  hon.  secretary 
would  retract  the  expression  he 
had  used.  An  individual  of  his 
high  rank  and  station  could  not 
fau  to  be  aware,  that  such  an  ex* 
pression  was  a  complete  violation 
of  the  orders  and  customs  of  the 
House. 

Mr.  Canning  said,  he  was  sorry 
to  have  used  any  word  which  was 
a  violation  of  the  decorum  of  the 
House ;  but  no  consideration  on 
earth  should  induce  him  to  retract 
the  sentiment. 

The  Speaker  asked  the  House, 
whether  they  would  not  support 
him  in  requiring  Mr.  Canning  to 
call  back  his  words. 

Mr.  Canning  said,  he  was  ready 
to  acknowledge,  that,  so  far  as  the 
orders  of  the  House  were  con- 
cerned, he  was  exceedingly  sorry 
that  any  conduct  or  eimresbion  of. 
his  shoidd  have  attracted  their  dis- 
pleasure. But,  if  he  was  to  be 
required  to  recall  his  dedaration^ 
by  an  admission  that  his  impression 
was  erroneous  as  to  the  expressions 
which  had  been  applied  to  himj  he 
could  not  in  conscience  do  it. 

The  Chancellor  of  the  Exche* 
quer  requested  Mr.  Brougham  to 
consider  fox  a  moment  the  lao^ 


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[71 


gOBgfi  wliich  he  had  used  i  and  he 
would  see,  that  it  would  not  l^ive 
been  borne  by  one  gentleman  from 
another.  He  would  be  doing 
nothing  inconsistent  with  his  ho- 
nour as  a  man,  or  as  a  member  of 
that  House,  if  he  would  enable 
his  right  hon.  fnend  to  retract  the 
language  he  had  used,  by  admit- 
ting tiuAt  the  expression  he  had 
made  use  of  was  not  intended  to 
convey  a  personal  insult. 

The  Speaker  seemed  disposed  to 
follow  up  this  suggestion,  by  call- 
ing on  Mr.  Brougham  to  explain 
the  words  which  he  had  used :  but 
Mr.  Tiemey  and  lord  Ardiibald 
Hamilton  checked  him  by  insisting, 
that  Mr.  Canning  was  not  in  a 
omdition  to  call  for  an  explanation 
of  any  ambi^ous  phrases  that 
had  *been  appUed  to  him,  till  he 
had  retracted  that  expression  which 
was  a  direct  violation  of  the  orders 
(^  the  House.  Mr.  Bankes  then 
moved,  that  both  parties  should 
be  committed  to  the  custody  of  the 
sergeant  at  arms.  During  all  this 
time,  Mr.  Brougham  remained 
sOent,'  except  that  when  Mr. 
Wynn  requested  him  to  state  what 
was  really  the  intention  of  his 
language,  Mr.  Brougham  refused 
to  give  one  word  of  explanation. 

Mr.  Canning  had  declared  that 
he  would  not  retract  his  words  : 
and  it  was  impossible  to  call  on 
Mr.  Brougham  to  be  the  first  to 
explain.  In  this  situation  of  things, 
there  seemed  to  be  no  other  course 
tium  thsit  proposed  by  Mr.  Bankes. 
It  was  one,  however,  which  the 
House  was  loath  to  adopt:  the 
manager  of  the  House  of  Com- 
mons in  the  custody  of  the  sergeant 
at  arms  would  have  been  a  novel 
spectacle.  At  last,  sir  Robert 
WUson  hit  upon  a  mode  of 
smooUiing  down  the  difficulties,  by 
propofing  that  Mr.  Canning  should 


makieaconditionalretractation,  so  as 
to  enable  Mr.  Brougham  to  disavow 
any  purpose  of  personal  offence. 

Sir  Robert  stated,  that  he  was 
satisfied,  that  the  expressions 
which  had  fallen  from  his  learned 
friend  were  addressed  to  the  riffht 
hon.  gentleman  in  his  official  (£a- 
racter,  either  as  governor  general  of 
India,  or  as  secretary  of  state  for 
foreign  affairs :  and  that  the  inter* 
ruption  of  the  right  hon.  gentleman 
arose  only  from  the  firm  conviction 
ci  the  moment,  that  the  expression 
was  personal,  and  no  otherwise  in- 
tended.  With  this  view  of  the 
case,  he   thought  the  right  hon. 

gentleman  might,  consistently  with 
b  honour  and  feelings,  say,  that  it 
was  under  an  impression  that  the 
language  was  meant  to  be  personal 
that  he  had  applied  the  epithet 
which  had  called  forth  the  present 
discussion. 

Mr.  Canning  declared  that  the 
suggestion  was  one  which  he 
should  not  be  unwilling  to  receive 
and  to  act  upon :  but  he  be^^ed  to 
be  understood  as  acceding  to  it 
under  the  assurance,  that  the 
learned  gentleman  denied  ike  in- 
tention to  convey  any.  personal 
imputation  in  the  language  he  had 
used.  Personal  he  had  considered 
that  language ;  as  it  went  to  im- 
pute to  him,  that  he  had  made  un- 
becoming submissions  to  a  high 
individual  in  the  administration  of 
the  country,  for  the  sake  of  obtain- 
ing office.  Such  an  imputation  he 
felt  to  have  been  cast,  not  on  his 
official,  but  his  private  character. 
If  that  imputation  should  be  deni- 
ed, he  was  Yeady  to  adroit,  that,  in 
what  he  had  stated  subsequently, 
he  was  mistaken :  if,  on  the  other 
hand,  the  imputation  should  be 
avowed,  he  retracted  nothing. 

The  Spe^er  then  stateC  that 
his  own  opinion  was,  that  no  per* 


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wmml  offmoe  liad  been  moaitt  hf 
Mr.  BroughAm,  and  he  trusted  the 
House  would  believe,  that>  if  he 
had  diought  the  words  were  used 
with  aay  such  intention,  he  would 
have  iaterfbred.  He  hqied,  there- 
fore, to  have  the  sanction  of  the 
kamed  gentl^nan  for  saying,  that 
the  impression  he  had  recdved 
Aom  his  lan^age  was  that  which 
it  was  intended  by  him  to  convey. 
Mr.  Brougham,  thus  called  up- 
on by  the  Speaker,  and  the  whole 
House,  dediured,  that  he  felt  that 
it  was  an  extremely  difficult  thins 
to  speak  with  the  accuracy,  whi(£ 
had  now  beoome  necessary,  of  the 
expressions  he  had  used ;  and  that 
he  was  incapable  of  telling  the 
House  exactly  what  he  had  said  : 
but  he  perfectly  remembered  what 
was  his  meaning.  He  did  not 
know  whether  hijs  expressions 
miflht  have  been  used  too  warmly, 
or  if  they  might  have  had  a  per- 
sonal application ;  because  he  did 
not  projfess  that  his  mind  was  cap- 
able o{  making  a  very  nice  dis- 
tincdon  in  the  selection  of  phrases, 
which  should  apply  exclusively  to 
the  personal  or  to  the  political  cha- 
racter. He  would,  however,  tell 
the  House  what  he  meant  to  say. 
He  had  used  the  words  "  political 
torgiversation,"  and  descnS)ed  the 
cxmduct  of  the  right  hon.  gentle- 
man, as  something  which  stood 
prominent  in  the  history  of  parlia- 
mentuy  tergiversation.  The  ex- 
mession,  he  admitted,  was  strong ; 
but  he  aitertained  a  strong  feeling 
and  he  had  meant  to  express  it 
with  respect  to  the  right  hon. 
member's  public  and  political  life. 
As  a  private  individual,  he  had 
never  Imown  aught  of  him,  which 
did  not  do  him  the  highest  honour. 
He  considered  that  the  right  hon. 
gentleman  had,  l^  his  iq)eech  de- 
^vertd  ^  LiveipcMri,  for  the  first 


time  in  his  life,  said,  that  lie  did 
not  vnsh.  the  Catholic  questimi  to 
be  disouBsed  again  in  Pariiament. 
At  that  moment  it  was  known^  that 
the  right  lion,  gentleman  was  about 
either  to  beeome  a  minister,  or  to  go 
as  governor-general  of  India :  and 
the  lord  chancellor  was  the  person  of 
the  highest  authority  and  influence 
in  the  cabinet.  He  had  talked  of 
the  conduct  of  the  richt  hon.  gen- 
tleman as  it  appeared  to  him  non 
the  change  which  had  taken  place 
in  his  conduct  with  respect  to  this 
question ;  and  he  had  a  right  to 
form  an  opinion  of  his  motives 
from  the  outward  and  visible  form 
of  his  actions,  which  seemed  to 
him  to  8h<5w  a  taruckHi^  to  the 
lord  dianoellor.  He  surely  bad 
a  right  to  ^peak  <^his  conduct  as  a 
statesman,  which  he  depbied,  and 
this  he  had  done.  He  had  not 
done  so  for  any  party,  and  still  less 
for  any  personal  purposes,  but  be- 
cause its  consequences  were  likely 
to  j^ove  a  death  blow  to  that  cause, 
in  the  suj^Kurt  of  which  they  had 
both  been  engaged.  Whether  this 
explanation  were  full  enough  or 
not,  the  ri^t  hon.  gentkman 
must  decide  for  himself.  He  (Mr. 
Brougham)  could  have  wishad  to 
have  given  a  fuller  one  ;  but  what 
the  ri^ht  hon.  gentleman  had  add- 
ed to  his  last  speech,  in  which  he. 
almost  repeated  the  disorderly  ex^ 
pressions,  had  stopped  him :  his 
mouth  was  closed,  on  his  part,  re- 
luctantly and  unwillingly. 

Mr.  Peel  then  put  it  to  the 
House,  whether  it  was  not  their 
sincere  conviction  that  a  satisfac- 
tory explanation  had  been  given, 
and  that  the  affiur  ought  not  to  be 
further  proceeded  in.  Mr.  Bankes 
having  expressed  himself  com- 
pletely satined  and  withdrawn  his 
motion,  Mr.  Tiemey  mentioned, 
that  all  that  remained  to  b^  ismi9^ 


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[79 


was,  f<^  the  parties  to  tay  that 
they  would  tldnk  no  more  of  fSbe 
matter.  Mr.  Canning  immedi- 
atdy  rose  and  8a^>  that  he  fhould 
think  no  more  of  the  matter; 
and  Mr.  Bxou^jham  repeated  the 
Mone  expresflioni. 

So  e^ed  this  approximation  to 
a  penonal  quarrel^  in  which  Mr. 
Ganning  did  not  sufficiently  consi- 
der etther  his  exalted  and  responsi- 
hle  station  or  the  dignity  annexed 
to  his  high  endowments  of  mind. 
Mr.  Brougham's  language,  though 
hard),  and,  as  far  as  we  can  judge, 
unfoanded  in  fact,  did  not  exceed 
the  bounds  of  political  invective : 
and  if  met  at  all,  it  oueht  to  have 
heen  met  ei^er  by  cool  denial  or 
by  a  grave  statement  of  circum- 
stances. The  intemperate  language 
ofirritatioCi  and  passion  was  un- 
worthy of  Mr.  Canning;  and  it  was 
degradation  to  t)e  goaded  into  the 
br^ado  of  a  bully.  Mr.  Canning's 
words,  in  effect,  said  "  ymt  shall 
dUier  fight  me  or  retract."  It 
may  be  £mbted,  whether  a  states- 
man, in  l^islatire  debate,  ou^t 
cter  to  have  recourse  to  Mb  mi- 
micry of  the  uUitna  ratio  of  kings : 
but  k  he  does  choose  to  tender  such 
an  issue  to  his  opponents— if  he 
do«  condescend  to  say  to  them,  **  I 
win  prove  by  fighting  you,  that  I 
do  not  merit  your  sarcasms:"— he 
ousht,  at  least,  to  be  consistent ; 
and  he  should  make  this  communi- 
cation privately,  and  not  in  the 
fiioe  of  an  assembly,  where  the  pur- 
pose must  necessarily  be  defeated 
by  the  meref  promulgation  of  it. 
To  tell  a  man  in  private  life  that 
what  he  says  is  take,  has  a  mean- 
ing and  a  result :  to  tell  him  the 
same  thine  in  Parliamoit,  is  mere 
passion  and  fury,  and,  at  the  most, 
is  only  a  formal  inviti^on  to  the 
House  to  commit  him,  who  useff 
«di  expressions,  to  the  custody  of 
the  sergeant  ^X  ar»ft« 


After  this  personal  tffid^  Ind 
been  settled,  Mr.  Brousham  went 
on  with  his  speech,  exhorting  the 
friends  of  the  Catholics  not  to 
relax  in  their  efforts,  in  mte  of 
the  certainty  of  present  mlure. 
Several  other  members  having 
spoken  to  a  similar  effect,  the 
Speaker  called  on  Mr.  Plunlrett  to 
proceed  xvith  his  motion.  Sir 
Francis  Burdett,  Mr.  Bennett 
Mr.  Hume,  Mr.  Hobhouse,  Lord 
Sefton,  Sir  R.  Wilson,  Mr. 
Creevey,  and  several  other  Oppou 
ffltion  members  immediately  tefi 
the  House.  After  a  short  interval^ 
Mr.  Plunkett  rose,  and  after  de- 
ploring the  secession  of  so  many 
members,  deprecating  the  despond- 
ing language  of  Mr.  Tiemey,  and 
defending  Ids  own  conduct  in  ac- 
cepting office,  he  proceeded  with 
his  motion,  which  he  concluded  by 
moving  that  the  House  go  into  a 
committee  on  the  Catholic  daima. 
A  few  remarks  from  Mr.  Banket^ 
and  Mr.  Beeher,  constituted  the 
whole  of  the  debate:  after  which, 
it  was  first  moved,  **  That  this 
House  do  now  a^oum ;"  but  this 
motion  was  with  the  leave  of 
the  House,  withdrawn.  It  was 
next  moved,  "  That  the  debate  be 
adjourned  till  the  fbllowin^  day." 
Upon  this  the  House  divided; 
Ayes,  1S4.  Noes,  29«.  It  was 
afterwards  moved,  "  That  the  de- 
bate be  adjourned  till  Monday 
next."  This  motion  being  nega« 
tived  without  a  division,  it  was 
then  moved,  "  That  the  debate  be 
adjourned  till  this  day  six  months," 
whereupon  a  motion  vras  made, 
and  the  question  put,  "  That  this 
House  do  now  adjourn."  The 
House  divided :  Ayes,  315.  Noes, 
nii — ^The  question  was  not  again 
brought  forward  during  the  ses- 
sion. 

Lord  Nugent  bought  in  a  ^leax 


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80]      ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1823.      ' 

from  being  elected  to  parlkment, 
although  Uiey  possessed^  or  mig^t 
possess^  the  elective  franduse.  As 
for  danger  in  the  preset  measore, 
he  saw  none ;  and  he  denied  that 
it  bound  its  advocates  to  support 
any  ulterior  measure.  The  Cadio- 
lics  of  England  were  few  in  num- 
ber ;  and  even  in  Lancashire^  tke 
county  in  whidi  their  party  was 
strongest,  he  did  not  bdjeve^that 
they  would  have  influence  enoug^i 
to  return  a  single  member  to  par- 
liament. The  law  of  ezciaaon  at 
present  was  one  of  die  very  worst 
character.  Its  enforcem^it  de- 
pended upon  the  pleasure  of  indi- 
viduals, who  woidd  never  make 
use  of  it  upon  public  grounds,  or 
upon  principle ;  because  the  indi- 
vidual who  barred  the  CathoUc 
from  voting,  was  always  the  party 
against  whom  he  was  going  to 
vote.  If  the  exclusion  were  to 
continue,  he  would  prefer  seeing 
the  veto  made  absolute,  to  leaving 
the  law  in  its  present  state ;  but, 
as  he  thought  that  admission  could 
do  no  possible  mischief,  and  that 
much  advantage  would  accrue  out 
of  that  community  of  feeling  be- 
tween Catholic  and  Protestant, 
which  the  bustle  of  an  election 
would  produce,  he  gave  his  hear^ 
support  to  the  measure. 

The  principal  division  on  the 
bill  took  place  in  the  Ccmunittee, 
where  it  was  carried  by  a  majority 
c^  89  to  30. 

On  the  gth  of  J^ly,  lord  Lans- 
downe  moved  the  second  reading  of 
it  in  the  House  of  Lords.  It  was 
supported  by  the  bishop  of  Nor- 
wich, lord  Westmoreland,  lord 
Livei^KXil,  lord  Melville^  and  lord 
Harrowby;  but  it  was  vehemently 
opposed  by  lord  Redesdale,  and  tli^ 
L^d  Chancellor.  The  result  (^  a 
division  was  a  majority  <^  7 
against   the   bill;    tne   numben 


fat  placing  English  CathoHcs 
tm  an  equal  footing  with  those  of 
Ireland,  by  giving  them  the  elec- 
tive franchise,  and  admitting  them 
to  hold  certain  offices.  At  the 
suggestion  of  Mr.  Canning,  it  was 
divmed  into  two  bills ;  the  first  of 
which  was  confined  to  the  grant  of 
the  elective  franchise  by  r^>ealing 
so  much  of  the  statute  of  William 
III,  as  related  to  the  administra-* 
tion  of  the  oath  of  supremacy  to 
persons  votins  for  members  of 
parliament.  This  concession,  being 
supported  by  Mr.  Peel,  passed  the 
Commons  without  much  difficul- 
ty. The  objection  relied  on,  es- 
pecially by  Mr.^Bankes,  was,  that 
this  was  the  first  step  to  fiirther 
encroachment,  and  that  it  was  in- 
consistent to  ffive  Catholics  the 
right  of  voting  for  members  of  par- 
limnent,and  yet  exclude  them  nom 
sitting  there  themselves.  Mr.  Peel 
declared,  that  he  could  not  see,  how, 
upon  granting  the  elective  fran- 
chise to  the  Catholics,  he  was  at 
all  bound  to  grant  them  the  further 
right  of  sitting  in  parliament.  In 
fact,  the  two  things  hadno  connexion 
with  each  other.  The  hon.  mem- 
ber for  Corfe  Castle  had   saidr— 

.  '*  This  measure  gives  us  a  dass  of 
men  who  may  make  members  of 
parliament,  but  who  cannot  be- 
come members  of  parliament  them- 
selves." Why,  what  was  there  new 
in  this  ?  From  the  different  rights 
attaching  to  different  kinds  of  pro* 
perty,  d^re  were  already  thousands 
of  men  in  the  country  who  could 

'  vote  fqr  members  of  parliament, 
and  yet  could  not  sit  in  parliament 
thexaselves ;  and  vice  versd,  there 
were  many,  who  were  con^tetent 
to  sit  in  the  House,  but  who  had  not 
not  quaHficatbn  for  votine.  There 

.were,  for  instance,  the  dergy  of 
Euffland,  a  whole  body  of  indivi- 
duiOs  whojwere  exdwled  by  law 


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mSTORT  OF  BUROPB. 


»1 


JiMg  M  SalOams  Cottteii%  48; 

.  Tliejeamcmtt«.a»tfbraMJrfag 
Cithnlirg  diigyUe  to  certaia  offloei 
iaEnf^rt  i  riwpaind  the  Hoiim 
t£  CoBnaoni^  but  it  was  »ol  in* 
tnduotd  into  th0  Lofds ;  tha  auow 

S'ts.  of  Lmdowne  having,  avaa 
ova  the  MJoctiDn  of  its  oomiadAy 
■qpnawod  Ub  willingfteit  to  dflfer 
the  iwiiiawatlon  of  it  till  the  fok 
■ion,  in  order  to  give 
'  its  lidl  diflouAiion. 
On  Ae  ftd  of  Julj,  leave  was 
asked  and  obtained  in  the  House 
of  Ceaunottsfor  sir  Heuy  Bivaell^ 
and  sir  John  Newport,  to  bring 
in  a  bin  to  enable  Roman  Ca- 
thoiies  to  make  and  execute  ^£ta 
and  grante  to  pious  and  eharitabto 
pupoees;  but  nothing  was  done 
m  pwrtnaaee  of  this  petmisslon* 
Theonlyafleetef  itwas,  toemte 
Aa  vigionoe  of  the  opponents  of 
^Gadudis cause;  and, in  parta- 
eoiar,  to  induce  lord  Colchester  to 
move  for  returns  of  the  number  of 
BomaD  Catholie  Chapels,  Schools, 
Academies,  CoUens,  and  relifldous 
houssain  En^and,  and  also  en  the 
nomhar  of  persons  belonging  to 
SDch  monastic  estabUshments,  or 
bonnd  bf  menastio  or  lel^ous 
TOWS*  This  motion  was  reprDbM;ed 
Igrlord  Rosdyaasinqoisitonal,  and, 
at  the  wcoaimendation  of  the  lord* 
daneeUor,  it  was  withdrawn  by 
the  noble  mover,  whostated,  how- 
ever,  that  ha  would  renew  it,  if 
any  stm  should  be  taken  towards 
SQch  a  Ixill  as  that  which  had  been 
mentioned  in  the  House  of  Com* 


A  ttumberof  petitions  in  ftvour 
of  padiamentarjr  teform  were  pi^ 
ifented;  among  which,  that  of 
Yoihshlre  was  the  most  eonspicu-' 
oos*  It  boasted  of  being  S80  feet 
in  length,  and  of  having  17>065 

Vol.  LXV. 


ifaUMMs.  TUi 
flUf  mote  Uion  twt^4hiidB  of  all 
the  ftoe-^ddffirs  of  ^  county  i  fix^ 
at  the  contasled  ebetion  siaclaen 
years  befbre,  when  every  part  of 
YotUiijce  vrastaasaskadfiHP  votan^ 
only  123,070  came  to  the  polL  Lord 
Milton,  in  presenting  the  petition, 
stated,  lihat  die  utmost  Mdns  had 
been  takssn  to  eaehide  the  names 
of  persons  who  were  not  bona  fide 
freeholders;  andhedidnotbeUave^ 
having  aoae  over  the  whole  of 
theuK  £at  theie  weaa  fifty  to 
vrhich  an  otomtioH  could  bereas(m« 
ablymadeb  One  or  two  had  sign* 
ad  as  trustees,  a  few  mote  as  frea^ 
holders  nf  HuU,  and  of  York,  who 
eogfat  propetly  not  to  have  been 
induded,  and  he  believed  that  the 
names  of  ft^e  females  vrould  be 
found  upon  the  list. 

On  ihe  84tih  of  April,  iMd  John 
Russell  moved,  that  the  present 
state  rf  parUamentary  lepresent* 
ation  remnred  the  most  serious 
consideration  of  the  house;  lord 
Normanby  seconded  the  motion, 
which  vras  supported  by  Mr.  Ri«* 
cardo,  tir  J.  Newport,  and  sir  F. 
Blake,  and  opposed  by  sir  H. 
East  and  Mh  R.  Martfai.  The 
house  divided,^^4br  the  itkotion, 
1<)9-M^ain8t  it,  S80,-Hnajority, 
111.  The  discussion  was  exceed- 
ingly languid  and  did  not  eidte 
much  interest  Lord  J.  Russell's 
plan  of  r^^rm  was,  to  have  a  hun- 
dred memben,  to  be  taken  firom 
the  quota  now  furnished  by  the 
boroughs,  added  to  the  ivpresenta- 
tion  cl  the  counties  end  populous 
towns.  Theonlydreunistanceiin 
which  it  difl^ed  from  the  setone 
proposed  by  him  ih  the 
year,  was,  that  he  now 
his  wiUingness  to  acknowli 
rig^t  of  the  borough*,  which  i 
ht  cKsfranchlsed,  to  have  eompen- 
sationfbrtliekiMef  their  privilege. 


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ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1823. 


Ill  Seotdi  ooimties,  tbe  li^t  of 
voting  is  annexed^  not  to  the  pro« 
prietonhip,  but  to  the  feudal  su« 
periorityj  of  the  land.    On  the 
2nd  of  June>  lord  Aichibald  Ham- 
ilton^  who  had  in  fonner  sessions 
called .  the  attention  of  the  lem- 
lature  to  this  subject^  after  unfold- 
ing the  evils  of  a  system^  which 
excluded  the  oreat  mass  of  the 
property  as  w^  as  of  the  popula- 
tion of  the  country^  from  political 
power^  moved  five  resolutions^  in 
which  were  embodied  the  facts  and 
the  prindples  which  showed  the 
necessity  of  an  alteration.     These 
resolutions  were  to  the  following 
effect:   1.  That  it  appeared  by  a 
certified  copy  of  the  roll  of  free- 
holders ,  of  every  county  in  Scot- 
land^  laid  before   Parliament  in 
1820,  that  the  total  number  of 
persons  having  a  right  to  vote,  in 
aU  those  counties  toeether,  did  not 
exceed  2,389:    2.  That,  by  the 
same  return,  it  appeared  that  the 
g^reatest  number  of  persons  having  a 
right  to  vote  in  any  one  county,  cud 
not  exceed  240,  viz.,  for  the  county 
of  Fife ;  and  that  the  smallest  num- 
ber did  not  exceed  9,  viz.,  for  the 
county  of  Cromarty :    3.  That  it 
further  appeared  from  the   same 
return,  that  many  of  the  same 
persons  had   a  right  to  vote  in 
several  counties,  and  consequently 
that  the  total  number  of  voters  for 
all  the  counties  of  Scotland  was  con- 
siderably less  than  2,889 :  4.  That 
the  riffht  of  voting  for  a  represen- 
tative for  a  Scotch  county  depends, 
not  on  the  possession  of  the  domU 
nium  utile  of   any    real     landed 
estate  in  such  coimty,  but  on  hold- 
ing superiority  ,over  such  estate, 
which  superiority  might  be,  and 
frequently^  is,  joined  horn  the 
property,  insomudi  that  of  all  the 
persons  qualified   to  vote   for    a 
Scotch  county,  tiuexe  may  not  be 


one  who*  is  possessed  of  .a  u^^ 

acre  of  land  within  the  county; 
while  the  whole  of  the  ladd  nia7 
belong  to,  and  be  the  property  of^ 
persons  who  have  not  asingle  vote 
tor  the  rq^resentative:  5*  That 
the  house  would,  early  in  the  next 
session  of  |iar1iament,  take  into 
its  most  senous  oonaderation  t\m 
state  of  the  representation  of 
counties  in  Sootbmd,  with  a  vievr 
to  effect  some  extension  of  the 
number  of  votes,  and  to  establish 
some  connexion  between  the  ri^t 
of  voting  and  the  landed  property 
of  that  country. 

The  remedy,  which  lord  A. 
Hamilton  recommended  in  his 
speech,  was,  to  leave  existing 
rights  untouched,  but  to  increase 
the  number  of  dectors  by  givin^^ 
votes  to  those  to  whom  the  do* 
mnium  uHle  of  the  land  belonged. 

These  principles  and  rescdutions 
were  opposed  l^  sir  George  Clerk, 
Mr.  H.  Twiss,  lord  Binning,  and 
the  Lord  Advocate.  Their  only 
arguments  were,  that  the  people 
of  Scotland  did  not  complain,  trnd 
that,  in  fact,  the  electors  were 
nearly  all  land-owners.  The  firat 
topic  was  obviously  one  of  deda- 
mation  and  not  of  argument ;  and 
the  other  tendered  an  issue  alto« 
gether  erroneous:  for  the  grava- 
men of  the  charge  made  by  lord 
A.  Hamilton  was—not  that  the 
actual  electors  had  no  connection 
with  the  land—but,  that  it  was 
not  their  property  in  land  which 
gave  them  their  vote»-that  the 
vote  might  be  separated  totally 
from  substantial  prc^^egty — and 
that,  in  point  of  £eict,  only  a  veiyi, 
few  of  the  land-holders  of  Scot- 
land had  any  share  in  the  elections. 
The  resolutions  were  supported  by 
lord  Milton,  lord  Glencnn^y,  sir 
James  Macbtosh,  and  Mr.  Ken« 
nedy. 


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HISTORY  OF  EUROPE. 


[83 


The   prevums   question  being 

Eit  on  the  first  resolution^  the 
ouse  divided:  the  Ayes,  117; 
the  Noes,  152 ;  which  gave  against 
lofd  A.  Hamilton's  motion,  a  ma- 
jority of  only  35.*  Theannounce- 
mesBt  of  the  numbers  was  received 
with  loud  cheers  from  the  opposi- 
tioD  benches:  and  lord  Milton  ex- 
preaed  a  hope,  that  the  result  of 
tfiedivision  would  be  welloonsider« 
ed  by  the  whole  country ;  and  that 


in  it  the  inhabitants  of  Scotland, 
who  took  an  interest  in  the  state 
ci  their  representation,  would  see 
a  much  nearer  prospect  of  their 
wishes  being  accomplished  than 
some  gentlemen  who  spoke>  had 
anticipated. 

The  magistrates  of  the  Borough 
of  Inverness  having  been  removed 
from  their  office  bv  process  of  law, 
HI  consequence  of  a  l^;al  infor- 
mality, ike  crown   had  in  1822 


*  The  foUowing  is  a  list  of  the  minority  on  this  occasion. 


Abercromby,  hon*  J. 
Althorp,  vise 
AntoD,  h<Mi«  H«  G* 
Baring,  H. 
Btroard,'vi8C. 
Bdgnve,  viae. 
Beuet,  bon.  H.  G. 
Beatinck,  lord  W. 
Dttkfotkf  B. 
B€nial,R. 
Birch,  Joe. 
BoogfatOD,  sir  W.  R. 
BnNrne,  Dom. 
BnztoQ,  T.  F. 
Calcnflt,J. 
CUcnft,  J.  H. 
Gdfert,N. 
Cuter,  J. 
Giivendish,  lord  G. 
Giveodish,  H.  F.  C. 
Cnbett,?. 
Chaloner,  R. 
Clilton,  viae. 
Colbanie,sirN.  W.  R. 
Crecvey,  Tbos* 
CranptoD,  S. 
Cnidoclc,  col. 
DavSes,  S. 
Denisou,  W.  J. 
BenoMO,  Tho0. 
Dnncannon,  vise. 
Sbrington,  vise. 
Ellioe,  E. 
£nii,G.J.W^. 
Efttis,  W. 
Feigniioo,  sir  R. 
Folksitone,  vise. 
Vtenkland,  R. 
Glenorchy,  vise. 
GitntyJ.P. 
Graittn,  J, 


Guise,  rirB.W. 
Gurney,  Hudson 
Heathoote,  G.S. 
Heron,  sir  R. 
Hobhouse,  J.  C. 
Hutchinson,  boa  C.  H* 
Hume,  J. 
Hurst,  Robert 
James,  Wm. 
Jervoise,  G.  P. 
King,  sir  J.  D. 
Kemp,  J. 
Lanflston,  J.  H. 
LawTey,  F. 
Leader,  W. 
Lennard,  T.  B. 
Lushington,  S. 
Maberly,  J. 
Maberly,  W,  L. 
Maeldntish,  sir  J; 
MaijorilMinks,  S. 
Marr^at,  J. 
Martin,  J. 
Maxwell,  J. 
Milbank,  M. 
Milton,  vise. 
Moore,  P. 
Mostyn,  sir  T. 
Neville,  hon.  R. 
Newman,  R.  W. 
Newport,  sir  J. 
Normanby,  vise. 
Nugent,  lord 
0'CalIaghan,J. 
Ord,  W. 
Palmer,  C. 
PWmer,  C.  F. 
Pares,  Tho. 
Pelham,  J.  C. 
Powlett,  hon.  J.  F. 
Poyntz,  W.  8. 
Ramsden,  J.  C. 


Rioe,  T.  8. 
Ricardo,  D. 
Ridley,  sir  M.  W. 
Robarts,  A.  W. 
Robarts,  G.  J. 
Rumbold,  C.  E. 
RusseU  lord  J. 
RusseU,  R.  G. 
Robinson,  sir  G.  ] 
Scarlett,  J. 
Scott,  James 
Sefton,  earl  of 
Smith,  J. 
Smith,  hon.  R. 
Smith,  W. 
Smith,  R* 
Stanley,  lord 
Stewart.  W.(Tyrane) 
Sykes,  D. 
Talbot,  R.  W. 
Taylor,  M.  A. 
Tennyson,  C. 
Hemey,  G. 
Titchfield,  marq.  of 
Townshend,  lord  C« 
Tulk,  C.  A. 
Webb,  Ed. 
Whitbread,S.C. 
White,  L. 
White,  col. 
Whitmore,  W.  W. 
Williams,  John 
WUliams,W, 
Wood,W. 

TELIXBS.  , 

Hamilton,  lord  A. 
Kennedy,  T.  F. 

PAIRID  OPT. 

Knight,  R. 


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84]      ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1823. 


ontatn  person^  therm  nanied*  to 
•dect  ooonMlIors  Sat  the  Boroogh ; 
and  under  this  wairanty  the  same 

^1111  were  restored  to  offio^^  who 
been  previouily  fdiq^laced  u 
unduly  elected.  Lord  A.  HamiU 
Un  qaestkmed  both  the  [legility. 


and*  in  {Knnt  of  difloretum,  the 
ptopnetj  of  this  mode  of  pn» 
eeeoinfr  contendfaifl;  that  the 
warrants  ought  to  Sate  directed 
the  eleetkm  to  be  by  the  open  tote 
of  the  burgesses.  His  motion  an 
tbesuliject  was  rejected  byanuh 
jori^of49to5l. 


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HISTORY  OP  EUROPE. 


[85 


CHAP.  V- 

J^  Jama  Maelink^Vt  BesobiAms  far  the  Impmmmi  tf  iht  CrimU 
fudCode:  maiure  and  grminds  of  the  Oppomiim  to  ihm  :  they  are 
raeded'-^BilU  m  the  same  S^eat  hftromoed  by  the  Owemmemt'^ 
Two  BdU  iakmg  amy  Capital  Punuhment  firm  oertam  Offeneee^ 
BiU  empemermg  the  JndgtM  to  record  Jitdgmeat  tf  Death,  wkhotU 
prommtuimg  U^BiU  otmcermng  the  Interment  of  any  Permme  found 
Feb  de  ee^^hange  in  the  Lam  of  Principal  and  Factor --New  Mar^ 
rioftlmet  Die^ueion  and  B^'ectionrf  the  Clause  maUng  Maariag$ 
wndahl^-'Jkh^  in  ike  Court  qf  Chancery^^AppellateJuriedieiionmm 
Proposed  BOls/or  the  Seco^  of  Small  bdte^^onduct  ^  the 
Lord  AdsMmOe  m  Borthmick's  Case* 


CfIR  James  MacldfitoBli,  in  proee- 
l3  cQtioii  of  the  vote  to  wbich  the 
Connoons  had  come  In  ^e  preced- 
ing year*,  that  they  woaldin  this 
session  take  into  ccmoderaHon  the 
means  of  increasing  the  cAcacr  of 
die  criminal  laws  hy  abating  meir 
jwonr^  submitted,  on  the  2l8t 
of  May,  nine  resdutions  to  the 
House.  The  purport  of  these  reso- 
kiions  was:  -^  That  it  was  exp^ 
dient  to  take  away  ^e  puidshment 
of  deadi  in  the  case  of  larceny 
from  diips,  from  dwelling  houses, 
and  on  navigable  rivers : — ^That  it 
Wis  expedient  to  repeal  so  much  of 
the  statute  9  Geo.  \,  commonly 
called  tlie  Black  Act^  as  creates  ca- 
jBtal  fdonies,  excepting  the  crimes 
cf  setting  fire  to  a  dwdling  house, 
and  of  maliciously  ibooting  at  an 
indiridnal;  so  much  of  uie  sta- 
tute 26  Goo.  2,  c.  33,  commonly 
called  the  Marriage  Act,  as  creates 
capital  felonies;  so  much  of  the 
statute  21  Jac  1.  c.  26,  relating  to 
fines  and  recoveries ;  rf  6  Geo.  2, 
€.  37^  relating  to  cutting  down 

•  See  Ann.  Reg.  Vol.  LXIV.  p.  00. 


banks  of  rivers;  of  27  Goo.  2,  c 
15,  relating  to  threatening  letters ; 
of  27  Geo.  2,  c  19,  rdatii^to  the 
Bedford- levd;  of  3.  Geo.  $,  c.  l6, 
relating  to  Grreenwich  nenrioners ;  • 
of  22  Ueo.  3,  c.  4,  relating  to  cut- 
ting serges ;  and  of  24*  Qeo*  3,  c. 
24,  relating  to  convicts  returned 
ixotii  transportation,  as  subjects 
persons  convicted  of  the  ^mncee 
therein  specified,  to  the  punish^ 
ment  of  death  :-^That  it  was  ex^ 
pedient  to  take  away  llie  punish- 
ment of  death  in  die  cases  of  horse 
stealing,  dieep  stealing,  and  cattle 
stealing,  of  forgery,  aim  of  uttering 
forged  instruments  :-^That  in  the 
case  of  all  the  aforesaid  offences, 
whidi  are  not  otherwise  suffiaently 
punishable  by  law,  tlie  punidmients 
of  traniqportatiou  for  Sfe  or  years, 
or  of  imprisonment  with  or  without 
haxd  labour,  shocdd  be  substituted 
for  death,  xn  such  proporiioiDS  and 
with  such  latitudes  of  diicretion  in 
the  judges,  as  the  nature  and  mag- 
nitude of  the  reroective  offences 
migiht  req^nire ;-— 'Oiat  it  was  expe- 
dient to  make  provision,  that  nie 
judges  shcmid  not  i«oii<nittce  se&r 


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tenceof  deathin  tluwe  cases  where 
they  bad  no  expectation  that  such 
sentence  would  be  executed ;— and 
that  it  was  fit  to  take  away  the 
forfeiture  of  goods  and  chattels  in 
the  case  of  suidde,  and  to  put  an 
end  to  those  indignities  to  which 
the  remain);  of  the  dead  are  ex-^ 
posed,  in  the  cases  of  suicide  and 
high  treason.  Sir  James>  with  his 
usual  eloquence,  expatiated  on  the 
general  principles,  on  which  the 
necessity  of  mitigating  our  crimi- 
nal code  is  ordinarily  eoforoed,  and 
illustrated  the  propriety  of  the 
particular  changes  whidi  he  had 
recommended. 
Mr.  Peel,  while  he  acceded  in 

rral  to  die  principles  expressed 
the  mover,  objected  to  the 
course  which  he  had  followed. 
He  contended,  that  the  proper 
mode  of  proceeding  would  have 
been  to  have  asked  leave  .to  bring 
in  a  bill  upon  each  of  the  heads 
included  in  the  resolutions,  and 
that  great  inconveniences  mi^t 
be  the  result  of  foUowii^  the 
course  now  proposed.  The  House, 
by  assenting  to  the  resolutions, 
would  affirm  all  the  propositions 
laid  down  in  them;  and  yet  a 
bill,  brought  in  pursuant  to  those 
propositions,  might  ultimately  be 
found  not  worthy  of  hems  sup- 
ported throughout  WhUe  the 
resolutions  professedly  followed  the 
report  of  the  committee  on  crimi'^ 
nallaw,  they  in  truth  comprehended 
cases  not  referred  to  in  that  report. 
The  offences  of  stealing  sheep, 
cattle,  and  horses  were  not  referred 
to  in  the  report,  and  yet  the  resolu- 
tudons  proposed  to  take  away  the 
capital  punishment  from  diem. 
That  the  hon.  and  learned  gentle- 
man had  been  misled  by  the  report, 
was  plain  ;  and  beinff  so  misleii  as 
to  facts  and  cases  wholly  omitted 
in  that  report^  was  it  fair  that 


without  any  notice  given  to  the 
House  c^  the  ejects  (^  his  resoluo 
tions,  they  should  be  called  on  to 
give  a  distinct  o^pinion  upon  so 
many  important  alterations  of  tiie 
law?  Suppose  the  House  to  afibm 
the  resolutions  that  night,  and 
afterwards  to  find  themselves  una- 
ble to  assent  to  the  UUs  brought 
in  pursuant  to  them,  would  not 
that  be  an  inconvenient  situation 
for  the  House  to  be  fdaoed  in? 
Was  there  nothing  inconvenient  in 
the  rejection  of  a  bill  brought  in 
to  remedy  defects,  whidi  the  jour- 
nals c^  Uie  House  would  show  to  . 
have  been  fully  and  dearly  ad- 
mitted ?  The  right  hm.  secretary 
then  discussed  the  merits  of  several 
of  the  pn^posed  alterations;  and, 
while  he  announced  the  intention 
of  government  to  bring  in  bills  for 
carr3dng  some  of  tiiem  into  efiect, 
he  ^owed  that  others  of  them 
were  of  very  doubtful  expediency. 
He  concluded  by  moving  the  pre- 
vious question. 

Sir  James  Mackintosh,  though 
several  of  his  friends  expressed 
their  opinion  that  he^now  sought  to 
pledge  parliament,  without  suffi- 
cient deliberation,  to  too  many  de« 
tailed  measures,  persisted  in  taking 
the  sense  of  the  House  upon  his 
first  resolution.  The  previous 
question  was  carried  upon  it  by  a 
majority  of  86  to  76. 

During  the  subsequent  period  of 
the  session,  four  acts  were  intro- 
duced and  passed,  mitigating  in 
some  particulars,  the  severity  of 
our  p^ial  code.  By  one  of  these,"* 
the  0  Geo.  2nd,  cap.  37,  against  un- 
lawfully and  mahciously  breaking 
or  cutting  down  the  banks  of  rivers 
or  sea-bsmks,  wheret>y  lands  shall 
be  overflowed  or  damaged,  as  also 
unlawfully  and  maliciously  cutting 

*  4.  Geo.  4th,  c.  46:  passed  4th 
July. 


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mSTORY   OF  EUROPE. 


[87 


fao^binds  gtcfwing  cm  poles  in  plan- 
tattons  of  hops—-  the  27th  Geo. 
2nd,  ca^.  ig,  against  malicioudy 
destroying  any  bank^  mill,  engine^ 
.  flood-jgate,  or  sluice^  erected  for 
draininjg  ai^  preserving  the  North 
Level  (part  of  Bedford  Level)  and 
adjoining  lands  — and  the  Srd 
Geo.  Sm,  cu>.  16,  agidnst  know- 
ing and  willingly  personating  or 
fiuaely  aswnning  the  name  and 
diaracter  rf  persons  entitled,  or 
snppoaed  to  be  entitled,  to  any  out- 
pension,  or  allowance  of  money, 
fimn  the  commissioners  or  gover- 
non  of  the  ro3ral  hospital  for  sea- 
men at  Greenwich,  **  in  order  to 
receive  the  money  due,  or  supposed 
to  he  due,  on  sudi  out^pension"— - 
wece  r^oded,  so  far  as  they  de- 
prived persons  convicted  under 
them  of  die  benefit  of  clergy;  and, 
in  lieu  of  the  capital  punishment, 
itwas  enacted  that  persons  so  con- 
victed, ^'diould  be  liable,  at  the 
disoetion  of  the  Court,  to  be  trans- 
ported beyond  the  seas  for  life,  or 
tor  any  term  not  less  than  seven 
years,  or  to  be  imprisoned  only,  or 
to  be  imprisoned  and  kept  to  hard 
labour  in  the  common  gaol  or  house 
of  corxeotion,  for  any  term  not  ex- 
ceeding seven  years."  The  same 
act  also  todk  away  the  penalty  of 
death  inflicted  by  the  4th  Geo.  3rd, 
cap.  37»  against ''  stealing,  cutting, 
and  destro3riiig  linen  yam,  linen 
doth,  or  manu&ctutes  of  linen 
yam,  and  the  looms,  toob,  andim- 
pkamients  used  theTein--4iy  the 
22nd  Cveo.  8rd,  cap.  40,  against 
destroying  woollen,  nlk,  unen, 
and  cotton  manufactures,  and  the 
tods,  tadde,  and  utensils  used 
tiierein ;"— «nd  by  the  28th  Geo. 
3rd,  cap.  55,  aoainst  cutting  and 
destroying  uame-work-lmitted 
pieces,  stockings,  and  other  like 
artides,  and  breaking,  destroying, 
aii4  damagipg  framesi  maclunes^ 


engines,  tools,  instruments,  and 
utensils  used  in  the  same  manu- 
facture and  machinery:  and  it 
enacted,  in  like  manner,  that  per- 
sons convicted  under  any  of  these 
three  laws  should  be  liable,  at  the 
di«aretion  of  the  Coiut,  to  be  trans- 
ported beyond  the  seas  for  life,  or 
for  any  term  not  less  than  seven 
years,  or  to  be  imprisoned  only,  or 
to  be  imprisoned  and  kept  to  hard 
'  labour  in  the  common  gaol  or  house 
of  correction,  for  any  term  not  ex- 
ceeding seven  years. 

Anraier  law  •  restored  the  be- 
nefit of  dergy  to  the  ofiences  in- 
duded  withm  the  following  acts 
—the  22nd  Car.  2nd,  c  5,  against 
stealing  doth  from  the  rack,  and 
stealing  or  embezzling  the  king's 
ammutdtion  and  stores*- the  10th 
and  11th  Wil.  3rd,  c  23  (as  altered 
by  1st  Geo.  4th,  c  117),  against 
burglary,  house-breaking,  or  rob- 
bery, in  shops,  warehouses,  coach- 
houses, and  horse-steaUng;  and  the 
24th  Greo.  2nd,  cap.  45,  against 
robberies  and  thefts  upon  navigable 
rivers,  ports  of  entry  or  disduirge, 
wharfis  and  quays  adjacent.  Adopt- 
ing, instead  of  death,  the  same 
species  and  d^;rees  of  punishment 
as  were  h»d  recourse  to  in  the  pre- 
vious innovation,  it  enacted,  that 
every  person— who  should  be  law- 
fully convicted  of  cutting,  taking, 
stealing,  or  carrying  away  any 
cloth  or  other  woollen  manufac- 
tures, from  the  rack  or  tenters  in 
the  id^t-time ;  or  of  stealing  or 
embezzling  his  majesty's  ammu- 
nition, saib,  cordage,  or  naval  or 
military  stores;  or  of  privately 
stealing  any  goods  or  chattels  in 
any  shop,  warehouse,  coach-house, 
or  staUe;  or  of  stealing  any  goods 
wares,  or  merchandise  in  any  ship^ 

*  4.  Geo.  4th.  c.  53 ;  passed  July  ^ 


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80]      ANNUAL  REGlSTEHk  1823. 


haxgd,  lighter,  boat,  or  other  Tesi^ 
or  craft,  upon  any  navigaUe  xivor 
or  canaly  or  in  any  |K)rt  of  entry  or 
discharge^  or  in  any^  creek  b^ 
longing  to  any  such  rirer,  canal> 
or  port^  or  &<nn  any  dock,  wharf, 
or  quay  adjacent  to  any  such  river, 
caiuil,  or  port;  or  w  pzocuring, 
counselling,  aiding,  or  abettine  any 
such  oSender*^  should  be  liable,  at 
the  discretion  of  the  Court,  to  be 
transported  beyond  the  seas  for  life, 
or  for  any  term  not  less  than  seven 
years,  or  to  be  imprisoned  only,  or 
to  be  imprisoned  and  kept  to  hard 
labour  in  the  common  gad  or  house 
of  correction,  for  any  term  not  ex- 
ceeding seven  years." 

The  custom  of  pronouncing  sen^ 
tence  of  de^  ujpon  great  numbers, 
upon  whom,  trom  the  circum^ 
stances  attending  their  crimes, 
there  was  searcefy  a  chance  that 
it  would  be  actually  inflicted,  was 
ri^tly  deemed  to  be  an  imper- 
fection in  our  ^tem:  since  it 
much  diniinished  the  solemnity  of 
a  proceeding  so  awful  as  that  of 
passing  final  doom  upon  a  fellow 
creature  ou^t  ever  to  be.  To 
remedy  this  evil,  a  law  was  passed,* 
which  enacted^  th&t  whenever  any 
person  shall  be  convicted  of  any 
felony  except  murder,  as  shall  by 
law  be  excluded  the  benefit  of 
clergy  in  respect  thereof,  and  the 
Court  shall  be  of  opinion  that, 
under  the  particular  cacumstagices 
of  the  case,  the  offender  is  a  fit  ob- 
ject of  the  roval  mercy,  the  Court 
may,  if  it  shall  think  fit,  direct  the 
proper  officer  to  ask,  "  whether 
such  ofiender  hath  any  thing  to  say, 
why  jud^ent  of  death  should  not 
be  recor&d  against  him ;"  that  if 
the  o&nder  shall  allege  nothing 
sufficient  in  law  to  arrest  or  bar 
such  judgment,  the  Court  is  autho- 


rised to  ahatttn  fimi . 
judgment  of  death,  and, 
thmof,  to  order  sudi  judgment  to 
be  entmd,  which  accordingly  shall 
be  entered  of  record  in  ^  umial 
form,  and  in  the  same  manner  as 
if  judgment  of  death  had  actually 
been  pronounced  in  open  Court; 
and  that  such  reooord  shall  have  the 
like  effect,  and  be  followed  by  all 
the  same  consequences,  ''asif  soeb 
judgment  had  actually  been  pro- 
nounced in  open  Coiuct,  and  the 
offimder  had  been  reprieved  by  the 
Court" 

The  mode  oi  intearment,  wUdi 
a  long-continued  eustomhad  canted 
(tjbough  unsupported  by  ex^resB 
authority)  W  be  r^;ardad  as  law, 
was  in  many  renects  revolting  to 
every  natural  fediag.  To  remove 
this  stain  firom  our  natioDal  usages, 
a  law*  was  passed,  which  ena^ed 
that,  for  the  future,  it  should  net 
be  lawful  fm:  any  coroner,  or  otber 
officer  having  authodily  to  holdini- 
quests,  to  issue  any  vranrant  or 
oth^  process  direcling  the  remaina 
of  persons^  against  whom  a  findiw 
otfelo  de  t  uiould  have  been  ka£ 
to  be  interred  in  any  publie  highp 
way;  but  that  sudi  ooroKer  or 
other  officer  should  give  directions 
for  the  private  interment  of  the 
remains  of  such  person  fdo  de  se 
(without  any  stiu^e  being  driven 
through  the  body  a£  such  persora) 
in  the  churdi-ynd  or  other  buxial- 
ground  of  the  jparish  or  place,  in 
which  the  remams  of  such  person 
mighty  by  the  laws  or  customs  of 
Ei^Iand,  be  interred,  if  the  verdict 
cifeio  cfe«e  had  not  bem  fotmd 
against  him  ;  such  interment  to  be 
SMde  vrithin  24  hours  £nm  the 
finding  of  the  inquisition^  and  to 
take  place  between  the  hours  of 
nine  and  twelve  at  nig^t.-— The 


•  4.  Oieo,  4th  c  48:  passed  July  Itift.       ♦  4.0so,4iki»e»«2:  pisaAAaytr 


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HISTORY  OP  EUROPE. 


[8d 


•et,  hoMfor*  gave  no  audiodty  for 
iwifwrniiiig  m  of  the  rigkts  of 
Christian  oiirial  on  inch  intennenl; 
and  OQatained  a  nho  of  the  kws 
aadnaagea  xelatinff  to  the  borial 
cfiDcfc  penona,  in  dl  other  leipeots 
than  thoaa  which  we  ha^e 


In  oonieqiienoa  of  petitions  fzosi 
Ae  nutdumts  of  London  and  of 
LireipDoI,  a  committee  was  ap- 
pointed to  take  into  consideration 
Ae  state  of  the  law  between  prin- 
cmal  and  agent  Upcmthisxeport^a 
lul  was  paMed^  enacting^*  that  per- 
sons entrusted  with  goods  for  the 
prnpoaesof  sale,  and  in  whose  names 
sodi  goo&  weie  shipjped^  either 
bf  temsdves  or  by  others^  should 
he  deemed  tl^  true  owners  thereof^ 
so  £»  as  to  entitle  the  consignees 
ti  the  goods  to  a  lien  thereon  in 
;  of  advances  made  hy  them, 
nodce,  to  the  apparent 
,  in  Hke  manner  as  if  the 
ktte  had  been  the  real  owners. 

The  numerous  fcmnalities,  re* 
qpiied  finr  the  celebration  of  mar- 
xi^^e  bf  the  law  of  the  preceding 
TcaVf  Ittd  excited  much  clamour, 
opeeisUf  aasong  the  lower  classes 
sf  people :  and  ^e  effect  of  that, 
wldsh  had  been  intended  merely 
as  « tuevenlive  of  elandesthie  and 
munipci  matnmonml  connexions, 
had  pfodoeed  a  great  dkninution  in 
tiie  annual  number'  of  marriages. 
In  the  Tety  beginning  of  the  pre^ 
amt  session,  the  enl  was  removed 
fiardie  time,  by  repealing  nearly  all 
ifae  ptoviflions  of  the  late  act;  and 
a  committee  of  the  lords  was  ap« 
pointed  to  fiame  a  permanent  bill 
en  this  important  subjectt  A  bill, 
tended  on  ^e  report  of  ^at  com- 
adttee^  was  introduced  by  the 
aichbi^op  of  Canterbury.     One 

•  4  Geo.  4th,  c.  83. 
t^<leo.4llf,c^7e. 


slausB  in  it  provided,  that  the  1 
riage  of  a  mmor  by  Uoence,  without 
the  consent  of  the  parent  or  guai^ 
dian,  should  be  voidable  by  suit, 
instituted  by  proper  parUes  within 
twelve  months  firom  its  sdemniaa- 
tiooi    This  dause  was  vehemently 

r  led  by  the  archUdiop  of  York, 
bishop  of  Chester,  and  lord 
EUenborougb.  One  obf  eedon  was;, 
that  the  precantion  mij^t  be  de« 
feated  et&er  by  going  to  Scotlai^ 
or  the  continent,  or  by  marryins^ 
by  bans :  but  the  principal  topic  ^ 
argument  was  of  a  religious  na- 
ture. To  make  marriage  voidaUe 
was,  ihflir  contended,  contrary  to 
the  Chrtttian  code.  The  divfaie 
legislator  directed,  that  ''a  man 
sImU  leave  fiither  and  mother,  and 
cleave  unto  his  wife,  and  they 
twain  diall  be  one  de^*  He  had 
aaldalso,  ''what  God  hath  Joined 
together,  let  not  man  put  asunder  t* 
and  had  ordained,  that  wives  iboold 
not  be  put  away,  save  for  adulteiy. 
Taldng  these  texts  together,  it 
was  cSrvious  that  the  law  of  man 
ought  to  be  made  agreeable  to  the 
expressed  law  of  God«  Marriages 
w^!e  at  present  sotenmiaed  bnr  uie 
law  of  God,  and  by  the  law  of  man. 
It  was  worse  than  a  mockery  to 
say,  lAiat  a  man  might  be  married 
with  all  the  sanctities  which  re* 
ligion  could  confer  Opon  the  con* 
tract,— -and  yet,  that,  after  a  mi- 
nister of  the  gospel  had  pronounced 
him  married  in  the  name  of  the 
Father,  the  Son,  and  the  Holy 
Ghost,  the  caprice  of  parents  should 
undo  so  solemn  a  compact.  As  to 
the  moral  tendency  of  the  Aause^ 
what  else  was  it  in  effect,  than  to 
gratify  the  pride  and  avarice  of 
parents,  at  me  cost  of  the  ruin 
and  degradation  of  an  innocent 
female  and  the  bastardizing  of  her 
children  ? 
The  liocd  anttceOor  otaerrod; 


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90]      ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1823. 


that  if  these  doctrines  could  he 
supported^  the  House  would  have 
ncihing  to  dehate  upon.  But  the 
question  was^  not  whether  man 
uKnild  put  asunder  those  whom 
God  had  joined,  but  whether  God 
had  joined  those  who  joined  them- 
selves fraudulently,  and  contrary 
to  the  laws  of  their  country.  Now, 
unless  he  had  mistaken  the  whole 
tesm  of  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ment, there  was  nothins  contained 
in  the  scriptures,  whi(£  could  be 
taken  to  prevent  national  societies 
fiom  prescribing  the  forms  by 
which  marriages  diould  be  solem- 
nised. If  it  were  otherwise,  there 
was  not  a  nation  on  earth,  since 
the  Christian  era,  which  had  not 
concurred  in  a  most  profane  p^ae- 
tice.  Much  had  been  said  of  the 
tendenies!^  with  which  the  in- 
terests of  females  should  be  re- 
carded  in  the  bill  before  the  House. 
He  had  no  sort  o£  olgection  to 
doing  so,  but  he  wished  that  some 
care  should  be  extended  also  to  the 
males.  It  happened  to  him,  in 
the  discharge  of  his  judicial  func- 
tions, to  see  firequent  instances  of 
the  necessity  of  protectingthe latter. 
In  one  of  recent  occurrence,  the 
dau^iter  of  a  bricklayer,  a  woman 
82  years  of  age,  with  several  ille- 
gitimate children,  had  prevailed 
upon  a  youth  of  17,  of  high  family 
and  rank,  to  marry  her. 

Lord  Liverpool  stated,  that  he 
objected  to  the  principle  of  the 
clause  altogether,  even  if  its  object 
were  right;  because  there  were 
two  ways  of  accomplishing  it— 
the  fint  l^  nullity,  and  the  other 
by  voidability,  both  of  which  prin- 
ciples were  of  directly  opposite  na- 
tures; and  nullity,  though  suffi- 
ciently objectionable,  was  less  so 
in  principle  than  voidalulity.  It 
was  easy  to  see,  how  the  present 
9lausehadorigiiiatecL   Tb^Hpuse 


had  both  these  difficulties  befoie 
them ;  they  resmrted  to  this  dauae 
by  way  of  compromise;  and,  as 
usually  happened,  the  compromise 
occasioned  more  of  real  difficulty 
than  eidier  alternative.  Udefado 
a  marriage  did  take  phoe,  and  the 
parties  coming  to  the  altar  made 
the  vows  there  tendered  to  them 
falsely  and  knowingly,  1^  mar- 
riage mi^t  be  made  nidi  and  void. 
But  the  most  prqxisterous  part  of 
the  proposed  law  was,  that  if  yoo 
asked  the  parties  one  month  af^- 
wards,  whether  they  were  married, 
they  would  be  compelled  to  answer, 
"  We  don't  know,  for  the  validity 
of  our  marriace  d^iends  upon  the 
act  of  a  third  party,  over  whose 
proceedings  we  have  no  controL" 
It  was  inconceivable,  how  such  a 
state  of  things  could  be  conqiatible 
with  the  prindples  of  the  law. 
He  knew  that  in  some  cases  there 
must  be  a  nullity,  but  that  there 
should  be  a  vcndability  was  most 
objectionable.  Even  if  it  were 
advisable  that  the  marriages  of 
minors  should  be  dissduble,  it 
should  be  eflfected  by  means  of 
makinffthem  null  and  void-h-4iot 
voidalde.  Another  objection  was 
—that  the  dause  would  not  be 
saffident  to  effect  the  object  at 
which  it  aimed :  for  what  was  the 
clause  worth,  if  marriages  in  Scot- 
land, on  the  continent,  and  by 
bans,  were  left  free  fromits  opera- 
tion ?  The  learned  lord,  had  saidi, 
very  truly,  that  there  were  cases 
of  female  as  well  as  of  male  se- 
duction ,  but  it  became  their  lord- 
ships to  consider  chiefly  that  which 
was  most  usual,  and  he  would  ven- 
ture to  say,  that,  in  nineteen  cases 
out  of  twenty,  the  female  was  the 
seduced  party.  The  woman,  who 
after  the  marriage  had  been  com- 
pleted, should  be  turned  adrift, 
had  nothing  befvTQ  he(  but  dis* 


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flfftoGy  nuBCiy^  Slid  nun*  The  man^ 
if' Isy  die  persuasion  of  Ills  friends, 
or  from  any  other  cause,  he  should 
he  indncfld  to  oiTe  up  her  whom 
he  had  eogaged  to  protect,  would^ 
dozing  the  whole  of  his  life,  he 
subject  to  feelings  of  no  enriaUe 
Howerer  much  iin« 
Bt  marriages  were  to  he 
there  was  no  mending 
theniattevhydianlvini^them.  In 
die  majority  of  cases  it  would  he 
iBore  tender  and  humane  to  pro- 
Tide^  diat  the  parent  or  ffuaroian 
flhotdd  hare  no  choke,  £an  that 
he  riionld  have  one ;  not  knowinff 
die  feelings  of  the  parties,  and 
not  perhaps  being  capc^  of  form- 
ii^  a  eorrect  notion  rf  what  his 
doty  ndgfat  call  for.  It  was  a  re* 
iponaibimy  winch,  in  his  own  case^ 
he  should  regret  to  he  under. 

Hie  daiue  was  supported  by 
the  archhishop  of  Canterbury,  the 
biihop  of  London,  lord  Sidmouth, 
and  lord  StowelL  Formerly,  said 
kid  Stowell,  it  was  assumed,  in 
an  oases,  that  the  consent  of  pa- 
rcDtaor  guardians  had  been  granted 
to  thoae  about  to  enter  into  matri- 
mony, although,  in  point  of  £uct, 
little  more  was  deemed  nec3ssary 
than  the  consent  of  the  two  par- 
ties  themselyes.  In  this  state  the 
matter  continued  for  a  long  series 
of  years,  and  that  rule  sunriyed 
the  Reformation.  But  soon  after, 
the  attention  of  the  reformers  was 
qdled  to  the  propriety  of  strengtfi^ 
ening  the  parental  authority.  The 
doctrme  was  then  expressly  pro- 
nuilgated,  that  where  marriages 
were  contracted  without  the  con- 
sent of  parents,  they  should  be 
totally  null  and  void ;  and  thus  the 
law  remained  till  the  time  of  lord 
Haidwidke,  when  the  disturbances 
in  society,  from  the  want  of  an 
cAoent  marriage  law,  induced  him 
to  turn  bis  serious  attention  to 


ihe  siilgect.  His  act  was  super- 
seded mr  that  whidi  had  beat 
passed  last  year,  and,  in  oonse-* 
qnenceof  the  inconveniences  ex- 
perienoed  under  iixe  latter  measure, 
it  became  necessary  to  reconsider 
the  subject  The  committee,  in 
turning  their  attention  to  it,  found 
there  were  only  fenr  possible  ways, 
in  which  the  authority  of  the  pa- 
rent could  be  rejjarded ;— namely, 
nullity,  voidabiEty,  a  preventive 
measure,  or  the  dohig  of  that 
which  was  extremdy  objection- 
able, throvring  ^e  reins  at  once 
on  tiie  nedc  at  youA,  at  a  period 
of  life  when  passion  always  out- 
ran ^dence.  Nullity,  he  would 
say,  in  point  of  princ^e,  iqppeared 
to  him,  up  to  the  present  moment, 
to  be  the  proper  course.  But  the 
general  opinion  was,  that  nullity 
was  a  monster,  against  which  every 
rational  man  ou^t  to  take  alarm  ; 
and  therefore  it  was  abandoned. 
Another  mode  had  been  suggested 
by  a  noble  and  learned  person— • 
that  of  a  remedy  by  a  preventire 
measure.  If  he  thouf^t  a  pre- 
ventive measure  could  succeed,  he 
should  consider  that  to  be  a  very 
advisable  course ;  but,  on  principle^ 
he  knew  that  it  could  not  succeed. 
The  experiment  had  been  tried, 
and  it  had  totally  failed.  The 
number  of  marriages  had  so  de- 
creased under  that  preventive 
system,  diat  l^e  demorsoisation  of 
the  country  was  likely  to  ensue. 
The  last  and  only  remaining  prin- 
ciple, was  a  medium  between 
the  entire  dereliction  of  parental 
authority  on  the  one  side,  and  en- 
tire voidability  on  the  other. 
Thouglh  the  committee  were  by 
no  means  insensible  to  the  objec- 
tions which  existed  against  the 
principle  of  limited  voidability, 
they  thought  it  was  one  which 
ought  to  be  submitted  to  the  eoiv* 


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ttdmtMMi  of  pttrBimoBt  bi  pntiet* 
tnoo  to  Iflftving  youth  altogether 
*  wuKDtacted  Sad  unrettnoned : 
and  OB  tins  ground^  ih^prqpoBed 
tbediuis  now  under  dincaigBOP, 
inWTiiigy  as  it  did,  a  mixuipie, 
whkih^  tfiej  were  well  aware^ 
mi^t  be  open  to  much  reaflonafale 
ol^ectioii>  but  which  they  did  oon- 
eetwtb  be  die  best,  ^oang  that 
nullity  was  sure  of  rejection,  and 
hat  preventive  measures  were, 
generally  speaking,  inapplicable. 
It  had  been  said,  that  the  ol^ect 
of  this  clause  might  be  so  evaded 
ai  to  render  the  provision  nugatory ; 
and  that,  thereterej  their  lordships 
ought  not  to  adopt  it  It  could 
not  be  otherwise  in  the  nature  of 
things;  aod^if  this  oommon  lia- 
bility were  to  be  taken  as  ground 
of  vidid  olgeotion,  it  would  be 
ridiculous  &r  their  hndships  to 
attempt  to  legishte  at  all  in  the 
natter*  They  misht  ^»re  them- 
selvesthe  anxkty  of  devising  reme- 
dieily  if  every  remedy  proposed 
were  to  be  r^eoted,  because  it 
was  possUtle  that  contrivances 
mi^  be  firamed  which  duiuld 
evi&its  operation.  It  had  been 
aiigued,  that  this  clause  would  ope- 
rate pcinc^>ally  for  the  benefit  of 
the  male  part  of  our  pc^lation, 
and  would  bear  hard  upon  the 
&mala  pxrtion  of  the  community ; 
and  theur  lordships  had  been  told 
that  the  cases,  against  the  recmv 
renoe  of  which  they  were  called 
upon  to  provide,  were  much  more 
numerous  on  the  female  side  than 
on  the  male.  Now  he  confessed, 
that  his  own  profeasional  eifNsri^ 
ence  had  by  no  means  led  him  to 
such  a  conclusion.  As  far  as  that 
ejq^erience  went,  it  bad  rather  been 
his  &te  to  see  the  misery  of  fimii- 
lies  oooasioned  by  sons  (the  hopes 
of  those  families),  who  had  ruined 
IbffOfdves^  Mid  bad  blasted  those 


hopes  by  &tal  mairiagos^  whieh 
had  overwhehned  themsdvas  in 
disgrace  and  shame,  and  thair  COD- 
nezions  in  the  Inttexest  aorirow. 
He  oontoided^  therefore,  that  dia- 
graoefol  marriages  happened  ttudi 
aftener  among  our  young  male, 
than  auKmg  our  female  populatioB. 
And  this  was  vary  naturall  The 
education  of  young  women  was 
much  more  correct  and  goaidad 
than  that  of  young  men.  The 
former  were,  for  a  considerable 
portion  of  their  lives,  under  the 
vigilant  infection  andsnperiuCeu* 
denoe  of  their  parents  or  their 
foauHes ;  end,  added  to  these  tes- 
traints,  it  was  to  be  remembered, 
the  natural  delicacy  of  their  sex 
scBieely  permitted  diem  to  be  ex- 
posed to  the  same  sort  of  dangers 
as  young  men  were  at  that  penod 
of  existence.  Young  men  were 
sooner,  and  more  frequently,  and 
for  a  longer  time,  removed  ftom 
parental  inqpect^on;  they  were  sent 
to  school  Bftrii^  in  life,  and  ftom 
thence  were  transferred  topnbiic 
schools,  to  colleges,  and  afterwards 
to  great  cities.  There  t^  could 
not  so  flenerally  or  so  entuely  fae 
under  the  eye  of  their  parents,  but^ 
left  to  themselves,  pursued  th^ 
own  course  and  followed  their  own 
counsels.  They  were  neither  so 
mudi  under  parental  superintend 
denoe,  nor  had  so  much  the  benefit 
of  wiser  counsels  as  their  sisters 
had;  and  it  was  natural,  therefiire, 
that,  yielding  to  their  inclinatians, 
th^  should  more  commonly  form 
early  attachments,  and  that,  if  they 
ontert^ned  such  attadunents,  thi^ 
should  more  frequently  gratify 
them  by  improvident  marriages. 
Lord  Red^sdale  and  lord  Sid- 
mouth  took  the  same  view  of  the 
question :  but  in  spite  of  the  au- 
thority and  wisdom  of  those  who 
were  best  qualified  to  form  a  oqdi 


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HISTORY  OP  EUROPE. 


[98 


me  eftdati  upon  tHe  sobi«e^  tte 
ekufle  ymi$  tejedid  by  M  not* 
MBtents  againit  S2  flontcntf. 

On  tke  4di  of  June  Mr.  J. 
mnkau  moved  for  m  inqitify 
ntodMaiMar  of  buiiiiias  in  tlie 
ooort  c^  ehaaoevfi  and  the  flpjpellate 
jitritdk^rion  of  die  Houie  of  Lords 
ttd  the  eauaes  then^if.  The  8uh« 
finiee  of  tbe  ^eech,  whioh  he 
aMde  in  support  of  thii  motion^ 
oaaatted  of  statementi,  inaceurate 
m  point  of  fyet,  with  re^wot  to 
the  oipenie  and  dmation  of  flvo 
or  fb  partianlar  mite.  He  did 
not  attvnpt  to  show  that  thfe  de« 
hy  and  espensey  of  which  he  com« 
plained,  was  occasioned  by  the 
practice  ci  the  Court,  and  not,  as 
is  in  most  cases  really  the  truth, 
by  ^  mis-management  of  the 
psities  themselves,  or  their  solicit 
ton  and  counsel:*  much  less  did 
he  or  his  confederates  endeavour 
to  point  out  any  specific  part  or 
point  in  the  system  o£  proceedings 
in  equity,  in  which  the  evil  lay, 
or  whidi  midit  be  altered  with 
advantage.  General  declamation 
was  the  weapon  with  which  they 
anaikd  the  highest  of  the  ordi- 
nary tribunals  of  the  country; 
and  as  the  greater  part  of  the  pub* 
He  knew  as  little  of  the  subject  as 
Mr.  Williams  and  Mr.  Denman, 
thetr  oracular  assertions  were  pro- 
mulgated with  all  the  confidence 
of  ignorance.  Mr.  Denman's 
speech,  however,  possessed  one 
an^ulari^ — ^the  boldness  with 
which  he  impeached  the  soundness 
of  the  decisions  of  the  lord  chan- 
cellor. He  was  very  sure,  that 
knd  Eldon  oueht  to  have  issued 
a  commission  oflunacy  against  lord 
Portsmouth  in  1814,  and  that  his 

*  All  his  examples  were  furnished  by 
<ne  solicitor,  of  whose  practice  great 
<3oi&platnts  were  constantly  making  in 
the  court. 


deiermlttidMnii  is  ihe  ^pasUen  of 
Uteraiy  property  weie  erroneous. 
Politioal  hatred  and  self-ooneeit, 
will  do  wonders :  but  we  eenfiess 
we  never  antioipi^ed  tiiat  they 
oonld  have  deluded  en^Mr*  Den- 
man into  a  belief  of  his  own  fttnestf 
finr  sitting  in  Judgment  upon  tiu» 
dedaioiis  of  a  man,  tvho  is  loved 
and  fevered  by  every  individuid 
that  has  occasion  to  observe  Urn 
in  the  daily  administration  of  His* 
tiee,  and  whose  natient  vrisdom, 
unassuming  leamutg^  and  simple, 
disarming  gentleness,  and  courtesy 
of  manner,  acting  uttifbrmly  fiir 
more  tiian  twenty  years,  have 
added  to  his  hi^  offl^  a  dignity 
and  inlkiaioe,  tSs  vake  of  which 
will  not  be  appreciated  till  we  have 
to  mourn  over  its  loss. 

Mr.  Brougham,  Mr.  Abercrom- 
by,  and  Mr.  Scarlett  supported  the 
motion :  the  Attorney-general,  Mr. 
W.  Courtenay,  and  Mr.  Wetherell 
opposed  it,  replying  most  trium- 
phantly to  every  thing  except  the 
vague  assertions  and  general  invec- 
tive of  their  adversaries.  It  was 
rejected  after  two  nights  debate, 
by  174  to  89. 

A  committee  was  appointed  by 
the  House  of  Lords  to  inquire  into 
the  state  of  the  appellate  jurisdic- 
tion. The  substance  of  theur  report 
will  be  found  in  a  subsequent  part  of 
this  volume  Qwffe  63*].  Itproduced 
two  results.  The  one  was  an  act 
for  a  commission  to  inquire  into 
the  forms  of  process  in  the  courts  of 
law  in  Scotland;  and  into  the  course 
of  appeals  from  the  court  of  session. 
The  other  was  the  adoption  of  cer- 
tain resolutions,  the  object  of 
which  was,  to  devote  five  days  of 
the  week,  instead  of  three,  to 
hearing  appeals ;  and  to  compel  the 
attendance  of*  the  requisite  number 
of  peers. 

In  pursuance  of  a  report  of 


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W]      ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1823. 


a  select  committee  cm  tlie  recovery 
of  small  debts,  lord  Althorpe 
brought  in  a  bill  upon  the  sul^ectj 
with  the  intentipn  that  it  should 
stand  oyer  until  the  foUowing  ses- 
mon.  The  pzinci^  of  it  was,  that 
8  barruter  of  some  years  standing, 
as  assistant  to  the  sheriff,  should  at 
oertain  timesin  the  year,  and  at 
difierent  places  in  the  county, 
hold  county  courts,  in  which  sums 
under  1^  might  be  recovered  by 
ft  simple  Inll  <n  jdaint.  The  asses* 
8or,  it  was  proposed,  should  be 
nominated  by  the  lord-lieutenant, 
and  paid  by  a  fixed  salary. 

In  the  last  volume  an  account 
was  given  of  certaiii  transactions 
relative  to  a  man  of  the  name  of 


Borthwick,  which  were  made  the 
sulnect  of  imputation  -against  the 
lord  Advocate.  Mr.  Hope,  who, 
in  consequence  of  the  drcumstances 
that  foUowed  the  debate  on  that 
question,  had  been  brought  to  the 
barof  theHouse,  was  now  solicitor- 
general  for  Scotland :  a  dzcum* 
stance,  which  probably  had  some 
influence  in  producing  a  renewal 
of  the  discussion.  A  motion  made 
on  the  8rd  of  June  by  Mr.  Abei?- 
cromby,  tl^t  the  conduct  of  the 
lord  Advocate  towards  Borthwick, 
had  been  unjust  and  oppreariv^ 
was  negatived  by  a  majority  of 
only  6;  102  voting  for  it»  and  9$ 
agtunstit 


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HISTORY  OF  EUROPE. 


[d& 


CHAP.  VI. 

AgrieuUufal  Disiress^^Discussumi  on  this  Suljed^^Mr.  Whiimore^s 
Molkmfor  a  Reduction  wi  the  Import  Price  ^  Com^^ImprovemerU 
in  the  Situation  of  the  Aericuliural  interest-^Mr,  Western's  Motion 
on  the  Currency^^Equiiiwle  A^ustment  of  Contracts^^Re^ppoinU 
ment  of  the  Committee  on  Fore^  Trade-^Warehousmg  Bilt-^BecU 
prodty  of  IhUies  BilU^Beer  BUl^Attempted  Repeal  of  the  Laws 
regulating  the  Silk  Trade. 


ON  the*14th  of  February,  the 
report  of  the  committee  of 
supply  beingbrought  up^sir Thomas 
LeUibrid^  said^  that,  although  he 
was  gratified  to  find  that  in  the 
htst  paragraph  of  the  royal  speech 
the  hmded  interest  was  character- 
ised as  the  most  important  in  the 
coontry,  he  regretted  that  govern- 
ment had  not  pledged  itself  to  give 
the  great  question  of  agricultural 
d^rossion  that  attention  which  its 
importance  seemed  obviously  to 
demand.  He  was  afraid  that  the 
landholders  of  £ng|land  were  to  be 
left  during  another  session  in  the 
depressed  situation  of  which  it  was 
inqpossible  for  government  not  to 
be  fuHy  aware,  unless  they  had 
^irgotten  the  five  hundred  petitions 
which  had  been  laid,  last  session,  on 
the  table  of  the  House.  He  pro- 
fessed the  most  unqualified  respect 
far  the  talents  and  character  of 
ministers,  and  yet  could  not  but 
view  their  having  failed  to  propose 
some  specific  measure  on  this  sub- 
ject as  a  dereliction  of  their  duty. 
He  conceived  the  depressed  state  of 
the  landed  interest  could  be  ascrib- 
ed oi^y  to  the  impolitic  conduct  of 
the  l^;islature.  The  importation 
flf  produce,  from  foreign  countries, 
to  be  sold  in  iht  English  market 


at  a  price  with  which  the  home 
grower  could  not  compete,  and  our 
return  to  a  metaUic  currency^ 
were  the  main  causes  in  whidi 
^ricultural  distress  originated, 
"nie  hon.  baronet  thought  nimself 
^titled  to  call  the  attention  of  go-> 
yemment  once  more  to  the  subject. 
Mr.  Canning,  while  he  was  far 
from  finding  fault  with  the  hon. 
baronet  for  having  availed  himself 
of  the  opportunity,  which  had  pre- 
sented (itself,  of  aUudine  to  the 
question  of  agricultural  distress, 
thought  he  did  his  majesty's  minis- 
ters injustice,  m  supposing  that 
they  had  not,  on  all  occasions,  been 
anxious  to  adopt  any  practica- 
ble measure  of  direct  rehef,  an4 
not  still  look  with  the  most 
sincere  sympathy  to  distresses, 
which  every  one  must  acknowledge 
and  deplore.  If  ministers  had 
been  able  to  devise  any  practicable 
plan  of  relief,  they  would  have 
been  the  first  to  propose  it ;  Imt  as 
they  were  convinced  that  no  such 
plan  was  within  their  reach,  they 
were  surely  justifiable  in  not  de- 
luding the  country,  by  making 
promises  which  they  knew  they 
could  not  perform.  Heassuredthe 
House,  that  the  subject  had  never 
beeu  lost  sight  of  l^  the  members 


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of  adtmnifitiadcm.  He  had  fin:  a 
time  been  sanguine  of  success;  but 
havijigbeeu  ultimately  compelled 
to  abandon  a  certainmeasure^  which 
he  once  imagined  might  have  been 
bttiefiri^l^  he  resolved  not  to  a^tate 
again^  what  could  end  only  in  d|is- 
appointment^  and  have  the  effect  of 
—  ^  hopes  which  it  would  be 
.Jletorealize«  Accordingly, 

he  pn^essed  that  govern- 

Qient  did  not  see  their  way  to  any 
•  direct  meapure  for  immediate  relier> 
he  flismrad  the  hon«  baronet  that 
any  proposal  of  his  own^  bearing 
on  the  question^  would  be  received 
cm  the  part  rf  the  government,  as 
it  certainly  would  on  the  part  of  the 
House,  with  die  most  anxious  and 
delib^mte   attention*     The  hon* 
gentleman  was  unwilling  to  enter 
into  the  disputed  point,  whether 
the  remission  of  taxes  would  afford 
direct  relief  or  whether  its  remedial 
efibct  on  ihe  agriculture  of  the 
country  would  only  be  collateraL 
He  my^  that  government  had,  at  all 
events,  thou^t  it  their  duty  to 
^gi<^Ar  this  question,  and  conse- 
quently^ that  iii&  only  measure  di« 
lected  to  the  relief  of  die  agriculture 
of  die  country  would  be  comprised 
in  die  intended  remission  of  direct 
taxation,  which  would  soon  be  sub* 
mitted  to  the  consideration  of  the 
House.  And  he  trusted,  that,  as  the 
landed  interest  was  the  foundation 
of  all  others,  it  would  gradually  ad- 
vance with  them,  and  diat  the  relief 
thus  brought,  thou^  not  so  rapid 
and  immecuateas  might  be  desired, 
would  be  steady  andpermanent  in 
its  operation. 

Mr.  Curwenlamentedthat  minis- 
ters could  promise  no  relief  to  the 
agricultural  interest.  Althoueh 
he  did  not  he&tate  to  say  that  the 
country  was  in  a  more  perilous 
situa^on  than  any  in  which  it  had 
hidierto  stood,  he  saw  no  prospect 


of    amelioration   except   from  a 
direct  remission  of  the  taxaticni 
which    immediately    affected  the 
landed  interest,  and,  for  this  pur- 
pose,   he   proposed   charing  the 
funds  with  a  fair  propordox^  of 
die  poor  rates.      He  maintained 
that     this    would    be  beneficial 
even  to  the  holders  of  funded  m- 
perty,  inas  fa^  as  it  might  posohly 
avert  a  crisis,  which,  once  arrived, 
would  be  more  fatal  to  die  fiipd- 
holders  than  to  any  of  die  other 
interests  taken  dn^y*  He  allowed, 
that  some  benefit  would  arise  fix)iii 
a  diminution  of  taxation,  but  he 
insisted  stroi^ly  on  the  necesaiy 
and  jusdce  ofmaldng  the  burdens 
fall  equally  on  all  classes  of  die 
people.    He  thought  it  much  beU 
ter  to  have  diis  done  atonce,  dian 
to  wait  till  the  agricultural  inte* 
rest  should  be  ruined.  He  diought 
that  die  present  distress  arose,  nat 
fix)m  over    production,  but  fitun 
lessened  consumpdon,  which  would 
operate  a  diminution  in  die  quan- 
tity produced,  till  that  wouJjibe 
insufficient  for  the  demands  ot  the 
country.    In  the  course  of  diese 
remarks,  the  hon.  gendeman  stated 
more  than  once,  that  he,  by  no 
means,  yrished  to  break  faith  with 
the   public    creditor      He  only 
tiioughtit  unfair:,  that  one  interest 
in  the  country  should  be  overladen, 
whUe  another  bore  no  part  of  the 
burden. 

Mr.  Robertson  went  into  an 
argument,  to  prove  that  the^  s^cs* 
tem  of  borrowing  on:  ruinous 
terms,  which  had  been  adopted  by 
this  country  for  many  years,  was 
one  fi;reat  cause  of  the  evils  the 
peopb  were  now  labouring  under. 
It  was  quite  evident  to  him,  that  it 
was  this  system  of  credit^  wludihad 
plunged  the  country  into  thoae  diffi- 
culdes  of  which  all  classes  wsn 
complaining:  andhe  iatimatedhis 


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J[97 


intcniion  of  bringing  forward  a 
modon  for  the  reduction  of  ^e 
interest  on  the  national  debt. 

The  discussion  was  resumed, 
however,  on  the  26th  of  Februwy; 
when  Mr.  Whitmorebrought  under 
the  oonaideration  of  the  House 
the  laws  relating  to  the  trade  in 
Conu  Having  stated  that  he  dif- 
fered entirelj  from  diose  who 
thought  that  the  discussion  could 
tend  only  to  increase  the  despon- 
dency which  had  already  difi^sed 
itself  80  widely,  and  having  remov« 
ed  the  objection  as  to  the  time  of 
discussion,  he  went  on  to  show  that 
the  main  featiu«  of  the  question 
a£bcting  the  aericultural  interests, 
was  the  principle  of  fluctuation.  In 
illustration  of  his  view,  he  supposed 
that  a  law,  similar  to  the  com  bill, 
had  been  adapted  in  Holland, 
whidi  was  an  miporting  country, 
to  a  considerable  extent.  Then, 
m  Holland  there  would  be  high 
prices  for  some  years — a  great  ap- 
propriation of  capital  to  agriculture 
•^poor  soil  brought  into  cultivation 
— the  breaking  up  of  old  pastures. 
Supposing  the  extent  of  territory 
sumcient,  there  would  at  length  be, 
in  average  years,  a  produce  suffi- 
dent  for  the  consumption  of  the 
country ;  and,  it  was. quite  obvious, 
abundant  crops  would  give  consi- 
doably  more  than  the  neoessaiy 
consumption.  The  superabundant 
quantity  so  produced  would  ibU 
huk  on  the  market;  the  produce 
would,  in  consequence,  fall  in 
price,  until  it  came  down  to  that 
of  tiie  com  in  the  exporting  mar- 
kets. The  result  would  be  very 
omaderable  distress— destmction 
of  aqpttal— destraction  of  soil  on 
account  of  the  abstraction  of  ma- 
nure—poor land  forced  out  of 
cultivation — and,  instead  of  abun- 
dance, there  would  be  in  two  or 
duree  3reani  a  positive  deficiency. 

Voi.  LXV 


Thus  it  appeared,  that  sudi  a  law 
could  only  operate,  either  in  pro- 
ducing a  superabundance  and  ^ut, 
which  brought  ruin  to  the  farmer  ; 
or  a  great  scarcity,  which,  in  the 
end  would  be  as  injurious  to  ^ 
fanner  as  to  otiher  dasses  of  the 
community.  He  drew  this  state 
of  thinjgs  with  respect  to  Holland, 
and  pointed  out  the  analogy  whidi 
his  supposed  case  bore  to  that  of 
England.  Besides,  he  had  docu- 
ments to  establish  a  fact,  of  whidi 
he  had  long  been  persuaded^-that 
the  consumption,  now  apparent  and 
arising  out  of  the  low  prices,  was 
eoing  on  at  a  rate  which  ooull  not 
be  long  supported.  He  referred  toa 
letter  which  he  had  received  from  a 
Mr.  Cropper  of  Liverpool,  to  prove 
that  the  consumption  was  going  on 
at  a  £u:  flnreater  rate  than  the 
growth.  He  thought  the  political 
tendency  of  the  present  law  was  to 
subject  the  country  to  the  greatest 
peril.  If  it  did  not  answer  its 
purpose,  it  was  contempdble.  If 
it  did  answer  its  purpose,  the  effects 
of  it  would  be  totaUy  at  variance 
with  all  that  had  hitherto  been 
considered  as  practically  beneficiaL 
With  reffard  to  the  operation  of  the 
existing  law  upon  trade,  the  effects 
of  it  must  be  m  the  highest  degree 
injurious  to  those  manufactures 
which  it  ou^t  to  be  our  object  to 
promote.  The  alteration,  whidi 
he  proposed  should  take  place  in 
the  present  law,  was  a  reduction  in 
the  import  price  of  two  shillings  a 
year,  until  it  should  Ml  to  sixty 
shillings ;  because  he  was  convinc- 
ed that  the  quantity  of  foreign  com, 
wbich  might  be  brought  mto  our 
markets,  when  the  price  was  io 
low  as  60s.,  would  be  but  trifling. 
Mr.  Curwen  condemned  the  un- 
wise course,  which  the  hon.  mem- 
ber had  taken  in  introducing  this 
question.  Though  he  by  no  means 


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m)      ANN yAt  ,RfiGiaTE1l.i  1823. 


;^  be  Mifiirt^  U  tp  1)6  t)^  bast 
wecouUhave  Mfld«f existing w^- 

^je^  sugaetted  by  ^h©  Jxon,  g^pUel« 

but  %t  ft  |fpu8«wm  of  thpie^iM^^ 
Wwn  hpre  most  l|ea^y  on  the 
{WW,  wuldbp  the  «*T^  WWft<^ 
rpreatiiUisWiig  tHe  prorority  pf 
the  pftuutry,  ''  To^e  pff  tj?j^  caa, 
ajprtftx/'  aai4  the  W»  gentJepwa, 
"whi^  is  pile  of  10*.  ye^y  to 
c^ypry  pppr  man  in  the  ^»m»try, 
Tbfi^  wistej^d  of  the  cottdgpr'a 
hgiftg  qprape}le4  to  mve  ^4.  for 
his.  iwil^l,  h§  WQuid  .p%y  only 
5^A  fp?  the  pound,  Tftkp  off, 
(U^  the  t^  frcHn  th^  windows  of 
hi«  pqtt^.  It  ^puld  ho  entirely 
remitted  tp  every  oottage  of  a 
fpntal  under  51.  ^  and  tU^  if^eti- 
^ure  would  y^vp  ahnost  Qiiety 
l^hourin^  cottager.  Then  t^la  off 
the  remaining  t%x  on  pw^t.  The 
taxation  on  M^e  preceding  articles 
would  amouut  tp  ahoul  1^,  and 
^ddiug  the  rnalt^  you  would  cause 
89  m^tpriid  4  reduptionj  that  the 
effect  would  soon  be  tp  cftll  into 
cnltivatioii  miUious  of  acres  that 
(^:e  now  uftFofitfthk-*'      He  did 

tot  wish  fpr  great  protpcting  pricps, 
ut  he  wishpd  to  »ee  every  acre  of 
lft»dji  thrt  CQuld  b^  made  availahJoi 
under  culUvation.  He  hoped  that 
funded  prgyperty  would  be  made  tp 
contribute  its  quota  to  t\^  noceib- 
sities  of  the  state  in  the  slmpe  of 
taxes.-TJVIr,  Bennett,  of  Wi^ts, 
CPUld  not  accede  to  the  motion. 
He  laid  before  the  Hpuse  the  rje- 
sult  of  some  very  careful  calcu- 
lation^a  tp  show  what  benc^cial 
egecte  were  tp  be  derived  from  per- 
s^veru^in  ^  reduction  of  taxation. 
— Mr,  tvodehpuse  argued,  tbat  any 
cal^ujations  «m  totUp  pric^;  at  whi(?h 
(ovn  pould  bo  imported  t^u^t  be 
« faUft<?io\)i^    U^  (P9UU  Apt  agrpp  to 


t||e  motipm-^iiMr.  |fui]pBmi-4iA 

npt  attpnjpt  to  follow  the  vqjy  dO" 
sultory  disnn»sinn  whii^  M  t#)m 
pl^pe  since  thp  speeph  c^  the  h^u. 
mpver.  Ho  expressed  hii  wtisfoo* 
tipn  ftt  ^  fm^,  thftt  the  pon^tfT 
CQu)d|  consistently  with  publip  cse- 
dit,  make  a  eonsiderable  remitsion 
of  the  burthens  which  ureighed 
upon  the  pecml^ ;  but  b^  thought 
the  hon,  member  for  Cumh^laud 
had  been  ?ery  unfortumite  ii\  the 
selection  of  his  two  caees  pf  t^X" 
s^tion,  The  tax  upon  candi^  w(W 
very  inconsiderable^  and  tiia  1^ 
bourer.ia  agricultuse^  unless  his 
hpuse  had  more  than  six  windnwsi 
mid  no  window  ta^  at  alh  So 
th^t  the  window  tax,  and  tbc^  ta^ 
on  candles^  of  which  Mr.  Curwm 
proposed  the  repeals  were  £ir  Irom 
being  severe  an  their  operyttion. 
He  aid  not  think  the  present  t(  fit 
time  for  making  any  alteratipn  in 
the  ^^isting  com  laws.  The  pre*" 
sent-  ^^tem  mg^%  possiblr>  by  a 
gr^t  alteration  in  prices^  be  pn>i 
ductive  of  serious  consequences; 
hat  all  iftunediate  fears  ot  sugh 
evils  were  groundless.  Ho  be* 
lievpd  we  1^  seen  the  worst  of 
the  low  prices ;  for  with  the  de^ 
terioratipn  in  cultivation  (which 
he  considered  the  most  spriops  evil 
to  the  country),  and  the  increase 
of  consumption,  he  thought  there 
w^s  a  fair  prospect  of  that  ri«e 
of  prices  which  would  materially 
serve  the  agriculturists  vvithout 
being  a  di^vantage  to  the  other 
portions  oif  the  community.  He 
thought  a  system  of  law  which 
would  continue  the  monopolyi 
would  not  be  a  permanent  adrao* 
tage  to  the  agriculturists,  but 
would  OQusiderably  increase  the 
burthens  pf  the  manufacturerst  We 
dMmJd  wait  for  the  re-^action  ^ 
one  of  thp  causes  of  the  lo^i' 
pice«i  aadthenibyq^oHidificatioA. 


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HWTOftV  OF  BUaoW, 


f» 


0^  i^d  moi^fm  mpottotloi}, 
which  VQvii  be  ifiQ  he^t  iieml^itoir 
of  jpvi^  tb»^  QOu]d  be  «i|of>tfd^ 
Fiillf  mpfe»^  l»  he  was  with 
^  jiuta^  pf  ^e  pxincipbs^  of 
Ufl  ho^.  fruez^>  h«  #nt|«ftte4  huQi 
fiv  d)a  iffieieiit,  |o  withdraw  hi« 


Mt«  Bjcaido  1h¥^  hii  hop* 
£rjend  would  not  withdraw  his 
Biotioii.  Fo^rhi^pwnpartheceir* 
tainlj  would  ^q%  o^goae  it,  becauao 
l«r  shoahl  be  fflad  m  any  approach 
tp  ^  free  trs^  in  com*  out  ha 
thou|^  hid  hon.  friend  did  not  a^ 
^enou^;  for  he  had  left  w 
mi«cbi^  of  %  Av^  Piice,  Both 
hifi  hpUf  friend  and  the  right  hoi^. 
gl^tlempa  had  lajd  down  the  tm^ 
pringiplei  of  a  oorn  law ;  namely> 
that  a^  proteotinj^  du^7  ahoiiild  bQ 
in^cyed  on  foneign  pom«  equal  to 
the  pecpliar  burth^m  borne  by  the 
arower  of  oorn  in  this  country. 
But,  when  this  was  done,  a  fixed 
pnce  ahould  be  dpne  away  altoga* 
they*  In  fact,  his  hon*  friend  had 
saemed  a  little  un^i^tam  aji  to  his 
fixed  price.  He  had  taken  it  at 
60^. ;  but  be  bed  stated/  that  if 
fiwein  com  qou|4  be  imported  at 
55a./he  should  have  reduced  it  to 
tbat*  (|e  thought  he  had  coo^ 
mitted  a  ipeat  error  i^  taking  any 
^xfid  pricus  at  alt  A  duty  WHild 
bp  ipiposed  on  com  unpwtedi  equal 
to  the  peculiar  burthens  borne  by 
th^  grower  of  com  j  and,  in  hup 
qpfnion,^  a  drawbadc  or  boui^ty  to 
nearly  the  same  amount  should  be 
allai^  on  cem  exported.  Theaj 
sipd  theii  only^  would  com  be  k^ 
at  a  ^rice  nearly  (?qual  in  this,  to 
what  it  was  in  other  countri^M* 
If  th^a  was  an  abundant  harvestj 
it  would  fii^  a  vent  by  means  of 
the  bomty;  and^  on  the  other 
hand»  if  therQ  was  a  deficient  sup? 
plf I  imdfv  ibo  ii)flu(QiMi  of 


i%  w|«  wantedj  and  lOt  in  tha 
en(»m»0)ia  quantiriep  pouved  in 
und^  t|ie  axMig  law>  m^m  ik§ 
priep  i»^  to  a  certain  hqii^t,  H9 

should  reconunend,  (hat  thi9  h.v$, 
for  the  amemtmifft  of  t^  qpm 
laws  should  eppnf  intp  op^^ratioil^ 
long  befi»e  pom  bad  |p«ach^  W*^; 
and  he  should  lih#wi|P  navpnymend 
a  system  of  duties  and  bountie^i  ^ 
firsts  in  defei»nca  to  those  prejun 
difres  of  which  he  thought  yt^ 
were  top  tendoTi  highet  than  tb^ 
amcmnt  of  the  j^eciilliar  burthens 
of  the  M[pici||twni|t9j  and  ffraduaUy 
dinunisning  ta  an  ^naS^  with 
the  conq^utad  ai#ount  of  those 
burthens.  He  thou^^l  ^  htm* 
ma^bor  A»  Wiltshire  i|ui|e  erro*' 
neous  in  the  caleijilatians  which 
he  had  ^tered  into,  to  shew 
thai  the  agri^ulturisl  paid  tl^w 
to  the  amonnt  of  67  per  cent. 
His  mistake  arose  frqn  his 
reckoning  this  per  eantagej  e^t  on 
the  eapwse  ofjpwing  m^pn,  b»t 
ontheie|it«  ThUheooiiewiedio 
be  a  most  unwarrwitad  aiodf  of 
calculation. 

Afrer  Mr.  Attweod  and  C^oiiel 
Wood  had  eiqiii^ssed  their  opiniMi 
^j^sinst  the  motirai^  and  Mr.  Xlim^ 
in  favour  of  itj  Mr.  Hume  de^ 
dared  bis  intention  of  taking  the 
sense  of  the  House  upon  it<  When 
the  House  divided^  theye  tfas  a 
i^ority  of  78  to  2$  agaiiist  Ae 
motion. 

Xhesa  Dc^phdots  ef  the  afri^ 
culturistSj  thpu^  Utt9i^  so  inees** 
santly,  eiul  with  so  nwh  eonli-t 
dmcej  wave  rather  the  nssult  of 
recdiection  of  wlui£  waa  past  than 
of  observation  of  preset  cimilmn 
stances.  The  evils  which  called 
forth  their  murmurs^  wspro  evi« 
dently  diminishing  1  and  by  the 
beginning  of  summer^  so  evident 
VOi  the  amlierition  ta  (^1  Ihit 


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100]     ANNUAL   RBGISTBB,    1823. 


eren  Sir  Thomas  Letbbrid| 
knowle^ed  it^  and  on  the  i 


I  ac« 
Id  of 
June  withdrew  a  motion  on  the 
subject  of  agricultural  distress, 
which  had  been  fixed  for  the  5th 
of  that  month. 

It  win  be  remembered  from  the 
tenor  of  some  of  the  debates  re* 
cotded  in  the  preceding  volume, 
that  it  was  a  favourite  notion  of 
many,  that  the  nominal  prices  of 
dl  goods,  and  of  grain,  among  the 
rest,  had  been  lowered  in  conse- 
quence of  the  return  to  payments 
in  specie,  and  that  to  this  change 
thelanddl  proprietors  attributed  all 
their  distress.  Notwithstanding 
their  improvin^circumstances,  they 
were  stul  anxious  for  an  inquiry 
into  this  subject ;  and  accordingly, 
on  the  lltfi  of  June,  Mr.  Western 
submitted  a  motion  to  the  Houf;e, 
the  object  of  which  was,  to  in- 
duce an  immediate  attention  to 
the  state  of  the  currency,  and 
to  examine  into  the  effects  pro* 
duced  by  l^e  changes  that  had 
been  made  in  its  value  during  the 
last  thirty  years.  In  doing  so,  he 
disclaimed  all  party  views,  and  all 
idea  •£  exclusive  reeard  for  the 
landed  interest,  whidi,  however, 
had  betn  obviously  the  first  victim 
of  the  S3rstem  which  he  argued 
against.  He  maintained  that  the 
chance  of  the  oirrency,  caused  by 
the  Wl  of  1819>  had  heaped  new 
calamities  on  the  people,  and 
threatened  to  overwhelm  the  land- 
ed proprietors  in  such  embarrass- 
ments, as  would  degrade  them  from 
the  rank  which  they  had  been  ac- 
customed to  hold  in  the  country. 
The  landlord  fbund  it  impossible 
to  hold  his  tenant  to  the  strict 
terms  of  the  contract,  without  re- 
ducing that  tenant  to  utter  po- 
verty;  and  the  reduction  of  30  per 
cent,  whidi  the  landlord  was  com- 
pdled  to  give  to  bin  tenant,  made 


peers  paupersy  and  the  gentiy  of 
the  land  aosolute  beggars.  Should 
any  thing  like  a  scarcity  approadi 
under  our  present  state  dT  dimi- 
nished cultivation,  even  the  mo- 
lded classes  would  feel  the  pres- 
sure which  now  harassed  the 
agriculturists  alone.  The  chanoe 
in  the  value  of  money,  whii^, 
we  were  told  in  181 9,  would  not 
exceed  five  percent,  had  turned 
out  to  be  a  difference  of  more  than 
three  times  five  per  cent- — Mr. 
Western  said,  that  there  Mras  stfll 
another  most  important  questian—- 
the  practicability  of  maintaining 
the  currency  adopted  by  us,  in  the 
various  dianges  in  our  situation 
that  might  occur  relatively  to  other 
countries.  He  was  thoroughly  con- 
vinced, that,  with  our  currency,  as 
fixed  by  Mr.  Peel's  bill,  we  could 
not  possibly  sustain  a  war  expen- 
diture at  all  approaching  the  last ; 
on  the  contrary,  that  the  first  shot 
fired  would  be  the  ngnal  for  a  se- 
cond recurrence  to  paper,  "^itben 
all  the  rates  of  payment  througli 
the  country  had  been  chan^l; 
when  the  pay  of  the  navy  had  boon 
greatly  incr^ised  and  that  of  the 
army  nearly  doubled;  when  the 
cost  of  every  establishment  of  the 
government  had  been  raised  to 
meet  the  depredated  currency,  was 
it  consistent  with  reason  for  go- 
vernment to  revert  to  the  high  value 
of  money,  and  yet  leaveSl  these 
establishments  at  the  nominal  rate 
of  the  low  value  of  money  ?— Mr. 
Ricardo  contended,  that,  the  differ- 
ence, in  1819,  between  gold  and 
paper,  being  only  five  per  cent,  he 
was  entitlS  to  expect,  that  the 
chance  made  in  the  ciirrency  by 
the  bill  would  not  exceed  that 
amount.  The  Bank,  however,  by 
their  manoeuvres,  occasioned  a  d^ 
mand  for  gold  which  was  not  ne- 
cessarily consequent  upon  it ;  and 


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HISTORY  OP  EUROPE. 


[101 


flo  nuSng  die  price  of  gold  in  the 
general  market  of  the  worlds  they 
changed  the  standard,  with  refer- 
ence to  which  our  currency  had 
been  calculated,  in  a  manner  which 
oould  not  possibly  have  been  fore- 
seen. He  could  not  agree  with 
the  hon.  member  for  Essex  in  es- 
timating ihe  actual  alteration  in 
die  yalne  of  money  at  30  per  cent. 
He  thought  that  the  country  ' 
would  be  able  to  pay  just  as 
much  for  the  support  of  a  war 
under  the  existing  system,  as  it 
WDoId  under  any  system  recom- 
mended by  the  hon.  member  for 
Essex.  As  a  war  measure,  indeed, 
he  thou^  a  change  in  die  value 
of  the  currency  was  no  measure 
at  alL  It  inight  take  the  money 
oat  of  one  man's  pocket,  and  put  it 
Into  thit  of  another,  but  it  could 
have  no  influence  on  the  powe^^s 
and  resources  of  a  state.-— The 
marquis  of  Tichfield  thought  the 
question  turned  upon  this  issue, 
whether  or  not  the  greater  part 
of  the  landed  proprietors  should 
quit  possessions  held  by  them 
sod  their  ancestors  for  ages  past 
and  live  as  exiles  in  foreign  lands. 
The  noble  marquis  went  at  some 
length  into  the  question,  and,  in 
conclusion,  lamented,  that  the  em- 
barrassed state  of  its  currency  and 
ihigncefl  had  rendered  the  country 
inciqpable  of  going  to  war  with 
France  in  defence  of  the  rights  of 
nations.  After  a  few  remarks,  from 
Mr.  Baring  Mr.  Peel,  and  Mr.  Hus- 
kisMn  against  the  motion,  and  lord 
Folkestone  and  Mr.  Bennet  in 
favour  of  it,  it  was  finally  nega- 
tived by  a  majority  of  96  to  27* 

Petitions  were  presented,  and 
motions  made  in  both  Houses,  for 
what  v^as  called  an  equitable  ad- 
justment of  contracts.  The  sub- 
ftanoe  of  the  doctrine  of  equitable 
«djt]stiaeiit   wa^  that  m  who 


owedj  money,  whether  the  nation 
or  inoividuids,  should  have  a  dimi- 
nution of  the  pecuniary  amount  of 
their  debts  equal  to  the  diminution 
which  had  occurred  in  the  price  of 
com.  Lord  Stanhope  ^ras  t|ie 
most  distinguished  patron  of  this 
scheme  of  minp^led  madness  and 
dishonesty;  which  was  supported 
upon  principles  too  absurd  to  de- 
serve either  mention  or  refutation. 
This  session  wasalso  distinguish- 
edby  the  further  prosecution  of  that 
enlarged  and  liberal  system  of  com-^ 
merdal  policy,  which  hadbeenbeffun 
intheprecedmgyear,  and  which  had 
acquired  augmented  patronage  in 
the  promotion  of  mi.  Cannings 
Mr.  Robinson,  and  Mr.  Huskisson. 
Mr.  Wallace,  on  the  12thFebruary, 
moved,  that  a  select  committee, 
should  be  re-appointed,  to  con- 
sider of  the  best  means  of  main^ 
taining  and  improving  the  foreign 
trade  of  the  country.  He  made 
this  motion,  not  merely  upon  the 
general  ground,  that  the  commerce 
of  the  country  was  likdy  to  receive 
important  advantages  from  the  la- 
bours of  such  a  committee,  but  also 
upon  a  special  reason,  arising  out 
of  the  curcumstances  under  which 
the  committee  had  separated  at  the 
dose  of  last  session.  The  House 
would  recollect,  that,  when  the 
dock  system  was  first  established 
in  this  country,  certain  exclusive 
privileges  were  granted  to  those 
who  expended  their  ca^^ital  in  pro- 
moting It.  Those  privdeges,  how- 
ever, were  granted  for  a  limited 
period  only>  and  many  of  them 
were  about  to  expire.  The  first  to 
empire  were  those  ^ranted  to  the 
West  India  Dock  Company;  and 
that  body,  contemplating  their  ap« 
proaching  expiration,  hadpresented 
a  petition  to  parliament^  praying 
for  their  further  continuance. 
That  peUtim  b«4  l^n  miA  bjr 


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m)    ANKtJAL  fefiOlStttR,   1823. 


Mient,  df  ^lilcli  fte  prayer  wai 
di]*ect]y  tlie  refeite;  and  thesd 
eonflictitig  petiiienis  lutd  befh  re* 
ibited  t6  the  cohatdetation  of  the 
ethiiihiftte  iljpoh  fordgtl  trade. 
The  comi^ittee  prosecuted 'HSiat 
inqtiity  i»Hth  the  uttnost  diligence^ 
kna,  \isfoft  tiie  close  of  the  d^oti, 
edited  all  the  evidence  whidh 
Was  tfaateiial  to  H.  Bjr  th€  tim^, 
hoivi^veri  thAt  sueh  feylden<^wai 
ec4letited|  the  s^ikm  utiA  ti^Arly 
tifought  to  A  Condttsion ;  and  the 
coittmittee  theh  felt,  that  they  had 
neither  time,  nor  indeed  humhen 
jmftcient  td  offer  an  opinion  upon 
it|  thai  waa  Iftdy  to  prove  8ati9« 
Ihetory  eithei-  to  the  House,  or  td 
the  hatioh  iii  genend<  That  con* 
nueratKiu  wa  them  to  defer  the 
Mivery  of  Iheir  opinion  to  the 
pleaent  semon*  When  they  trusted 
that  they  should  he  re-i^pointed, 
tfOA  when  they  wet«  more  Hkely 
to  eome  to  a  satkrfHctory  decittOih 
These  h6  considered  good  spe^ 
gronndft  ibr  the  re-^p^iintment  of 
ttiecvmtmittee.  The  export  trade  of 
Hke  country,  he  added,  was  ftonsh* 
ing  under  theahenitions  which  they 
had  sogj^esled.  They  had  released 
the  navigaliori  hnrs  fVom  the  mass 
of  useless  l^;islatio6  by  Whidi  th«^ 
Ml  been  fomeriy  incumbered, 
fcikd  yet  the  nny^atioti  of  the 
et^onfty  had  not  at  lAl  diminished^ 
vm  had  the  effects  wM^  it  had 
■Weft  conndently  Males  wouM 
0etiir  with  tegard  io  one  pafticnlar 
\mmh  rf  our  tra^  taken  pfaux^ 
ifo  had  hai  «  paper  t«cent!y  plaeed 
in  his  handi,  wlii^  showi^,  that^ 
fiftsVdad  ^  theLetant  trade  coming 
Ihfd^h  Holland  into  the  ports  ^ 
IMS  agu#»y  >  as  had  been  pfedicttit, 
Ett^Sa^  Sfwmh  weM  now  aetually 
tfaqiwfltiig  articles  of  liat  trade 
tm^  Blitish  ports  tb  t^oto  of  HoK 
Itttcbr  ttt  all  HMft  ttaterkl  artides 
iw  ^^^W|  vAwFe  MM  DOvn  w  aoBBwe* 


H\Ae  inc»ase.  TTie  eiport  (* 
cotton  had  increased  lOpetccnt^ 
ofhardware,  ITpercent;  of  linens, 
12  per  cent;  of  woollens,  IS 
pet  cent*  and  the  ftg^gate  ex- 
ports of  1822  exceed  those  of 

1820,  by  »0  per  cent ;  and  thoue  of 

1821,  by  ?  per  cent;  notwith^ 
standing  a  deduction  Wad  to  te 
made  fhml  the  ocportt  of  6nc  great 
article,  reftned  sugar,  owing  to  ft 
prohlMtory  decree  of  Russia,  im* 
posing  a  duty  of  at  least  35  per  cent. 
Valuable  as  aU  the  theasu  es,  iti 
which  he  had  been  alluding,  had 
proved  to  the  country,  they  tvert 
not  more  valnsible  than  the  deCh^ 
ttttion^  Y^di  they  had  eMtt^  f^om 
tfie  gorernment  «ndi  fitym  the 
House,  of  the  i«al  pHnci^es  on 
which  they  thoug|ht  that  BritiA 
commerce  oueht  to  rest ;  namdyi 
thAt  We  ought  to  get  nd  of  the 
old  restrictive  system  of  commerce, 
imd  toadcmtonemorelihenliniti 
nature,  and  nu»ie  beneficial  to  ihtf 
intercourse  of  Ibteign  nations  with 
this  country.  After  seteral  of  the 
members  had  acknowledged  the  6b* 
ligations  which  the  country  oweJ 
to  Mr.  Wallace  for  bfe  exertloM  as 
president  of  the  Board  of  Tradei 
andthcirn^retathfareHnmlktlng 
that  oflicial  ^tuafion,  Mr.  Canning 
assured  the  Houafe  that  no  eibtt 
wooH  be  left  untried,  on  the  ptft 
of  flie  kinc^s  government,  to  t^ 
jdaee  him  Si  an  office  eqnal  to  his 
ahiKties  asid  eminent  services.  The 
tUAimittee  Was  then  te-^ippoiHicu. 

The  Warehottsinghffl,  tiic  oljjcct 
of  which  waa,  to  rihjw  fensignert 
ta  deposit  thexr  goods  In  our  W«f^ 
honses,  and  to  ts^  them  mit  fbr 
expuiiaclon  without  pAyment  of 
wUtyi  W9S  liKewise  passed  tnxs  so^ 
s&on.  It  met  wim  comsdcMtble 
oppuiiitioii  in  the  different  stag^ 
et  iw  pnsgt^ss  thitmgh  the  rfon^ 
Aft  seemed  to  he  aatisAeiA  tt  M 


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BtttTORY  O?  EtftOt^B.     '      D« 


iMOk  tbe  Ml  ^iroceedeci;  but  they 
sppii^ie&ded  &mt  its  tuftbhin^ 
Wis  sucb  as  would  probably  des- 
tfof  all  itft  gbod  efi^.  BerMl 
ihe^bti«  bdVing  exprdsed  ibeir 
tiiidety  ibftt  tb^  bdl  sboUM  be 
M  pe^ed  as  pbsaWe,  Mr.  Wal- 
lMe>  on  fhe  2m  of  A|M1,  iub- 
itdmd  ii6veM  aul^namehis  to 
die  House.  Tbe  first  te^ieBted 
&m  UmA  r^iilftfd  mim  tbe  ea^taihs 
of  shi^  Aft  that  WHS  ibtind  to 
1/ibrk  gtedf  ilitohvehieilce  to  ti^de, 
b«  pH^osed  to  sUb^tUte  tbe  kmd 
offiieoWhelVi  A^tber  altetation 
^UHA  m  goods  i^moved  ftbxA  one 
ft^  to  tooths.  At  piHt^t,  tbe 
bond  of  tbe  GM  OWnto  Of  tbe 
^Ktdii  bting  oter  bim,  lintil  tbey 
were  delirered  and  regularly  sold. 
fie  ttfopo^  to  c^eel  the  bond  of 
Ifatf  first  owner  iil  ttuch  ea^,  aAd 
take  that  of  the  purcbM^  instead 
0^  ill  Atiotbei'  idteration  regarded 
igmibi  Wbkb,  being  ini|k^^  ftr 
eiMrtatknli  m%bl  find  d  better 
pm  ^  being  {ml  into  tbe  bolne 
ntifliM^  He  wonM  provide  fbr 
aMk  upon  pttykig  tbe  difik^ce. 
Anntbtit  blteMimi  i^ould  eftalde 
8i^M»#neli|lotrBnrfer  Stol^ssi  Wbidb 
badittit  be^m  tonsttmed  in  aTOyage^ 
to  ad^their  sbi^  jgi^^  ^  another 
flMatiatiOiK  Tbe  fieiet  aiteMtidn 
itdiil  le  eftiend  tbe  ref^ktions  On 
Mfuhft  edfl^.  n^bich  now  ap- 
fmi  ouy  to  pWtatibn  ^bfke^  to 
iO  other  kinds  at  cofibe.  He  httd 
extend  the  s&me  r^gubitiotts  to 
rani)  at  tbe  suggestion  of  tbe  bon. 
fiiefnbef  tar  Bi£^l.  Another  i«- 
gnlatiOii  affeeted  tbe  WareboUsiiig 
i^  ElM  Indid  goodSi  Which  took 
fdM6  at  pt^sent  otid^r  the  4Std 
Geo.  Srd*  That  act  Wtts  to  be  fe- 
fiitfiled  by  the  present  bill,  and  it 
ti^  neeesiaty  to  ttkake  some  nro- 
tkAMittitsAtead.  Tbe  last  applied 
IttlhiMAlitMnmAe^tnwhiehit 


had  been  intended  to  make  sMe 
relaxation  of  the  existing  UWI. 
*rbe  intention,  however^  bad  been 
mistaken ;  and  the  fit^te  eff  Irelund 
m^e  it  desirable  that  noifHtfltion, 
however  erroneous  the^  ginimdA  ttf 
it  Mgkt  be^  sbotikl  be  ildded  tb 
tbe  causes  of  the  present  dlstnfb- 
^ces.  it  was  desirable^  th^te^^, 
to  i^^lac^,  th«lt  tfdde  Up^  Ihe  Mtfe 
fboting  of  exetn|itions  ^  befbre; 

These  ilmehdments  wei^  agreed 
'  ta,  and  the  bill  Wilt  pasted. 

The  Reciprocii^f  Of  OutfeS  Wtl, 

whtc^h  went  to  the  i<e^  of  m^ch 

of  Mf  .Mrstem  df  nAVigfttiOn  laWt, 
was  teAdj  oil  the  4fft  w  Jnly^  fW 
the  third  titbe^  ^jf^  the  ttidtion  of 
Mh  C.  Ofant. 

Mr.  Robertson  oppo^  the  bill. 
He  contended,  that>  if  tbe  pieSeiit 
Iftws  Were  replied,  fcri-eign  ▼esseb, 
whi<^li  ftlieiidjr  ifoMMed  ^ome  ad- 
v^tnget  ovet  bur  own^  Wonid 
obtain  a  piteponderance  tbdt  WOuld 
be  utterly  dei^ruetlve  of  BHUsh 
t^e.  He  tiould  not  eondeive  it 
possiMe,  that  the  legiskkttlife  Wdnid 
give  its  eonsebt  to  A  bill  so  fnihOtts 
as  the  fme^it 

Mh  Walkce^  m  l^f  i  in£«t^ 
that  the  bieflsdi^  flow  biYmght  ih 
httd  been  fendef^  indispens^le  by 
the  sindli^  ptoeeedingiri  which  other 
European  eottmetciill  fibWefS  had 
adored;  Under  the  presefit  iys- 
tetei  common  4o  the  Entopean 
{lowers  in  ^ue^tion,  the  bhly  means 
of  meeting  the  heiiVjr  duties  which 
they  hitd  imposed  on  our  gbods  and 
shipping,  or  of  being  lidmitted  with 
other  nations  to  pt^dpate  in  tbe 
benefits  of  tbeil-  commerce,  where 
the  dutieii  were  bw,  was,  in  all 
tk}8sible  rest^eett,  to  place  OUr 
duties  Upon  «  fix)ting  of  oerfect 
teciprodty  with  theirs.  It  had 
been  urged>  that  fbreigii  nations 
had  great  advantages  Over  Ufi,  be- 
^fkUie  they  i^U  bftild  thips dtii 


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lOi]    ANNUAL   REOrSTBR,  1823. 


mnek  cheaper  mte  than  we  could ; 
but  this  advantage  was  counter- 
bakaced  hf  the  &t,  that  British 
vtsiols  were  generally  of  mater 
capacity  tluui  they  stood  registered 
at;  nidy  consequently,  pttLd  less 
4uty  in  £raeign  ports.  Upon  an 
nvenffe,  again,  it  would  be  found, 
that  w  wages  of  British  seamen 
were  cheaper  than  those  of  foreign 
aulars,  all  charges  being  taken 
into  the  account.  From  the  lords' 
report  it  clearly  appeaced,  that  the 
AtgB  of  Norway,  Sweden,  Russia, 
Krussiay  France,  and  Hdland, 
could  not  compete  with  English 
diips  ftr  cheapness  of  sailing.  It 
was  eoually  dear,  on  the  same 
Toluaiue  authority,  that,  upon  all 
long  voyages,  sadi  as  those  from 
the  coasts  of  Africa  and  Asia,  from 
bidia,  the  Brasils,  and  the  West 
ladies,  freightswerealwayschei^per 
in  Rndish  bottoms  thfui  in  the 
ships  m  Holland,  Fiance,  or  Den- 
mark. He  considered  the  dimi- 
nution in  the  number  of  British 
sh^  eomloyed,'  which  the  hon. 
■uonber  had  regretted,  a  positive 
'  advantage  to  the  dujqping  interest ; 
for  he  mid  reason  to  Imow,  that,  at 
the  commencement  of  the  peace, 
there  were  so  many  British  mer« 
chantmen,  that  this  tsgedes  of  pro- 
perty became,  ci  necessity,  quite 
appreciated.  It  was  imporaible 
that  the  vessels  could  all  find  any 
thing  like  advantageous  employ- 
ment At  that  period,  he  had 
heard  nothing  but  .comphiints  on 
the  score  of  tlieir  nimibers;  and 
be  believed  it  to  be  for  the  general 
beoe£t,  that,  sbce  then,  many  of 
them  had  worn  out,  and  a  vast 
number  had  been  sold.  Now,  the 
xesidt  of  all  this  had  been,  that, 
as  the  numbers  had  decreased,  the 
hire  had  risen,  so  as  at  length  to 
afford  the  owner  a  remunerating 
pioe.    It  W9S,  howerer,  satisfoi^i 


tory  tp  know,  that  the  sfa^j^ag 
trade  had  increased  very  consider- 
ably  since  last  year.  In  1822,  the 
number  of  ships  employed  waa 
18,736 ;  their  tonnage,  2,26d/)0O 
tons.  In  1828,  the  number  of 
shms  employed  was  about  20,000  ; 
then:  tonnage,  2,890,000  tons.  So 
that  the  increase  in  one  year  was 
neuiy  1,400  in  the  number  of 
ships,  and  127^000  tons  in  the 
tonnitfe.  The  mode  of  equalioing 
our  chities  with  those  of  other 
countries  was  saf^  as  regarded  oar 
sharping:  and  if  so,  it  was  ob- 
viously the  least  invidious  mediad 
of  preserving  those  advantages  in 
our  commercial  relations  whidi  we 
already  possessed. 

Mr.  Ricaido  and  Mr.  Husldsson 
supported  the  bill,  and  Mr.  T. 
l^bonand  Mr.  Marryat  opposed 
it.  It  was  passed  by  a  minority 
of  75  to  15. 

The  improvement  of  our  foreijgn 
trade  was  not  the  only  olgect  vdudi 
the  ministry  had  in  view  by  aclins 
on  liberal  principles  of  politifial 
economy.  They  tto wed  themsalvea 
willing  to  remove  several  pn^bi* 
tions,  whicJi  seemed  to  abridge  the 
comforts  of  the  lower  classes  of 
the  community.  Accordingly  a 
bill  was  prc^Kised  and  carried 
through,  the  main  obj^  of  which 
was,  to  affi)rd  the  poorer  dosses  an 
improved  sort  of  beer  at  a  dieoper 
rate  than  they  had  been  accus- 
tomed to  pay  for  it.  This  mea* 
sure,  by  the  increase  in  the  con- 
sumption of  beer  and  malt  oonso- 
quent  upon  it,  would  likewise  be- 
nefit, it  was  supposed,  the  a^icul- 
tiual  interests.  There  were  exist- 
ing, at  the  time,  two  duties  pa3raUe 
on  two  kinds  of  beer ;  the  one  was 
aduty  of  10^.  per  barrel  on  strong 
beer ;  the  other,  a  duty  of  2«*  per 
barrel  on  table  beer.     Formerly 

ibiSK  M  be^a  m  iaten«ediiite 


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IHSTORr  OF  EUROl»E. 


m 


iakf  upon  an  istemadliite  qnalitgr 
€£  beer.  It  was  rabaequently 
finmd  neoesHoy  to  give  tkat  up ; 
becaiuae,  on  the  one  hand^  it  al- 
lowed couadeiable  opportunities 
fiar  evading  thehigherdnties,  andon 
theother,  there  arose  a  great  pre- 
judice to  the  consumer.  It  was 
ohviousy  that  persons,  having  two 
qnaUtiea  of  beer  at  di&rent  rates 
of  du^  in  their  oellazs^  uiight  mix 
ihem  inp^  and  sell  the  composidon 
as  if  all  the  beer  had  paid  uie  high 
dujhr,  and  thoeby  the  revenue 
Bultered^  while  the  consumer  was 
&rfiEom  being  a  gainer.  Inshort, 
he  pddfuU  dutj  for  a  very  inferior 
ailicie.  The  ccmsequence  of  do- 
ing away  this  intermediate  quality 
of  beer  was/  to  compel  the  poor 
man,  who  could  not  smbrd  to  Inrew 
his  own  'beer,  to  have  recourse  to 
that  of  the  highest  quality  and  rate 
of  duty.  It  was  therefore  desira- 
hby  tine  chancellor  of  the  Exche- 
quer thou^t,  to  revert  agmn^  upon 
some  fair  system,  to  an  intenne- 
diate  quality  df  beer.  But  means 
must  be  ti^en  to  prevent  fraud. 
It  was  ririit  to  fo  some  price, 
beyond  wwbh  the  intermediateduty 
should  not  be  carried.  It  seemed 
also  nefi'ssM'y  to  restrain  the  sale, 
so  fiur  as  to  prevent  the  interme- 
£ate  quality  of  beer  ficom  being 
oonaumedon  the  pr^maes  where 
it  should  be  purchased.  The  plan 
proposed  was,  that  it  should  be 
competent  to  any  person  to  take 
out  a  ficence  for  the  sale  of  beer 
or  ale,  of  quality  not  exceeding  in 
price  27*'  the  barrel,  the  duty  on 
which  should  be  only  5#.  per  bar- 
id,  on  condition  tluit  the  article 
should  not  be  consumed  on  the 
premises  oi  the  seller.  It  would 
be  a  sufficient  advantage  to  the 
brewer  and  vender  of  the  interme- 
diate quality  of  beer,  to  beallowed 
to  aeU  ai7  quanti^  uud^r  th«tr 


Hoeoces  down  to  a  pint..  Thej 
wouldhave  consderaUeadvantages 
over  the  publican,  because  muf 
would  not  need  the  licence  whi^ 
the  latter  was  required  to  take  aOt 
by  the  law>  and  would  not  be  win 
der  the  oontial  of  the  magistrates. 
The  small  beer  at  18«.  was  brewed 
at  die  rate  of  seven  barrels  from 
a  quarter  of  malt  The  modified 
du^  would  allow  only  five  banels 
to  the  quarter,  and  with  6s,  a 
barrel  doty,  the  beer,  which  woidd 
bea  reasonably  ffoodartiele,  nncbt 
be  sold  for  fi^d.  per  pot.  This 
was  a  fidr  rate,  and  oa^  to  pro- 
duce a  whblesmne  beverage  fiir 
those  who  were  now  unable  to  mr 
for  the  beer  charged  with  tile  hi|^ 
duty. 

The  Chancellor  of  the  Exche- 
quer laid  before  tiie  House  three 
resolutions  to  acoomidish  tiie 
purposes  which  he  had  thus  ex« 
plamed.  The  xesobitiims  were 
agreed  to. 

On  the  9th  of  Ma^r,  Mr.  T. 
Wilson  presented  a  petition  from 
the  silk-manulactuiers  of  London 
and  Westminster  against  tile  sta* 
tutes  of  the  18th,  82nd,  and  51st 
of  the  late  king,  usually  s^ded  the 
Sptalfidds*  acts,  whidi  enyower 
the  magistrates  to  fix  the  wages 
of  journeymen  silkpmanufooturers^ 
and  impoeeotiwr  restrictionshig^Jy 
injurious  to  the  trade. 

Mr.  Huskisson  fiilly  agreejl  in 
tiie  propriety  ci  repealfaiff  thcMi 
acts.  He  could  account  for  tiie 
existence  of  sudi  statutes  only  by 
their  having  been  passed  at  a  time 
when  the  silk  trsue  was  afanost 
confined  to  l^italfields.  He  moved 
for  leave  to  bring  in  a  Inll  for  an 
alteratimi  of  the  law.  When  a 
bill  to  that  eftct  was  broo^t  in, 
however,  the  operative  weavers, 
afiraid  kst  it  should  have  a  ten« 
demy  to  lower  tiieir  wage?,  pre% 


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m]    ANNUAL    RfiGrStBtt,  1823. 


i^iedtotlie  hduse  ittfong  tejire- 
MS^ttltions  ttgidnst  tn6  proposed 
ftidilsufe.  Several  members  c^ed 
Ibf  dela^^  and  wiflHed  die  subjett 
td  be  refbil^  ib  fei  cdmmif  tee  of 
Ift^ulty.  No  Indltiduttl  dcfeftded 
the  ptiiielple  ot  tbe  regiilations 
WMA  Wer^  to  be  tejjmei,  ttiid 
fet  Mf .  Httddsson's  (Hll  was  fiiially 
atfrieft  fhrtmgh  tbe  Hbuse  df 
Cuiiiuid'ui  only  by  a  ttajoHty  ttf 
S.     Althdu^  Biippt*ted'  Bjr  l()rd 


Liverpool,  iit  Ibe  Motise  rf  Ldtds, 
it  met  with  strong  opposition  fnJtii 
the  lord  chancelldr?  and,  Bjr  His 
indttence,  so  ihatiy  ameilflnieiils 
were  introdncfed  into  it,  as  to  d«- 
trojr  altogether  its  xfA^nA  cha- 
racter. Towards  the  end  of  the 
SeSsioh,  it  was  sent  back  td  the 
Commbh^  with  these  anten^mettte: 
but  Its  fViends  disowned  it  hi  its 
new  form ;    and    the   tteasute 

a>1    ■  i  I  >  I  h  til 
roppen. 


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HtStORY  OV  EUROPE. 


(16» 


CHAP.  VIL 

Mimslerial  Eitpo^khH  1^  the  Fhancbd  SiiuaHotl  6f  ike  CMM/ftf^Jfc^ 
peal  of  some,  and  DimimHan  of  tdheti,  t^  the  AmitM  Ttutee^ 
Minuteriai  MisrepremtiaHm  of  the  AnHmnt  of  tkt  SwpUH  Ruhfmk 
^Improvident  Cmitnd  wUh  the  Amkjhr  the  Pdyment  nfpM  tfihe 
Naval  and  MtUlafy  Pendtms-^BiU  n^lnting  the  ItediwMm  (fihe 
National  I)^§^mdgtt^Amtmnt  of  Taite*  reduced  Hnee  the  wmt- 
ikiliOM  ^ihe  Wur^Mr.  Mttberly's  Motion  respecting  the  Redef^fttoh 

rihe  Land  Tat-^The  TuA  on  Foreign  Woob^Wfthn  with  reepeet 
the  Cffice  ffUemenant  General  of  ike  Ordndhdei 


MM.  Vattsittafe,  tidW  lord 
Bexley^  left  td  (ti^  suecessof 
a  much  ihore  egreeaUe  dtttf ,  tlum 
that  Wfaidl  it  bad  been  bis  own  lot 
to  discbarge.  Hitberto^.  tbe  go- 
vernment, pressed  by  tb«  tl6ce$^t]r 
of  maintainii^  tbe  retenue  at  a 
kvel  acltquate  to  tbe  exigencies  of 
the  itate,  bad  been  obli^d  eitber 
tOTCsiBt  erery  proposed  remission 
of  taxes,  or  to  con^e  it  ungtad- 
OMsf.  Ctfcunstancea  were  now 
altered.  Tbe  expenses  bad  been 
eooMetMf  dimiin^ied :  sucb  bad 
hteh  tb«  idereased  pfodnctivene^  of 
ftMnjrbrtttieb^  of  tbe  revenue,  tbat, 
notWifbstMiding  tbe  late  t^tfcfioil 
of  feraral  taxee,  ihe  total  amotmt 
of  iittt  iaeome.  of  tbe  state,  bad 
beeti  fietk  iirtpabred:  and  the 
Cbanedlof  of  tbe  Exchequer 
ibund,  tbat  if  wlas  at  Icingtb  hi  bis 
puittt  to  tiOtoie  forward  spnntane- 
imsly  and  proposd  an  important  di-» 
«bmtiDii  of  tbe  jMbUc  burthens. 

Tbe  tnlfdsters  dM  not  pertnit 
UMicb  of  l^e  lifeflftioA  fO"  elapse,  be^ 
vSet  xntf  oMfSblt^  tbeitiSelTeif  hi 
iUi  gntdotts  fight.  On  tbe  Sm 
t^  Febmary,  tlw  CtanceBor  of  thtt 
SiRJiei^^,  in  the  committee  of 
Waj%  ethm  Meamt;  gattj  att  expose* 


tion  of  nie  finaticial  c^irCiifnstaiiceb 
of  tbe  country.  H^  Mted,  that 
hi  tb^  last  year,  the  total  f^vetitlfe 

fttaonnted  to S4,41 4,656 

Tbetetaltttpttiaitiire  to49,4g9,i  5d 

Hie  surplus  to  ....  ^.4,gli,5S0 
As  totbeptesentyeai'^liisestimaie 
Was,  thai  the  revenue,  after  allow* 
ing  for  tbe  loss  which  it  mi^tit  be  ex^ 
pected  to  sustain  by  the  lull  mper»* 
tion  of  the  reduction  of  taxes  efifecied 
in  the  last  session^  would  produce^ 
from  the  same  sources  as  were 
available  last  year^  not  less,  ancl 
j^haps  somewhat  more,  than 
52,200,000/.,  to  which  was  to  be 
added  4,800,000/.,  to  he  received 
frmn  tbe  trustees  of  ludf^y  and 
penftoai.  Tbe  total  tbaieibrewduld 
be  about  5?,000>000/.  In  tbUi  es- 
timate h6  f^ted  tbe  Custom^  at 
10,^MX),OOOIL,  that  btaneh  duting 
1899  produced  10 fi&tflOblt  but 
tb^e  was  to  be  dediicled  about 
80,000/.  of  tonnage  duty  received  in 
the  first  half  of  1822  (prior  to  its 
abolition),  which  would  no  lon^j^be 
levied.  The  Excise  of  1822  amount- 
ed to  27,271,668/. .'  It  lost  by  the 
reductiofflsnf  last  yeat,  tiolesd  a  sura 
than  tWftOOO/.;  totvbich  ^Ww  td 


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t<«]    ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1823. 

1w  added  in  die  present  yaoraU  the  Total  chaige  of  fimd* 

additional  Ism  arising  (as  in  the  edunred^med  debt, 

caseof  the  tonnage  duty)  from  the  including    intercity 

full  operation  of  those  leductionSy  long  annuities,  and 

ipghich,  in  1822,  applied  only  to  a      management £fiS,12^,7B6 

limited  portion  of  uie  year :    Mr  Othercha^ei  on  the 

Bobinaon,  therefore,  was  not  dis*  consolidated    fund, 

pqsod  to  estimate  the  Excise  at  such    as    dyil-list, 

more    than     £6,00,000/,       The  pensions  by  act  (^ 

stamps   he  took    at    6,600,000^  parliament,  and  va* 

whic^  was  something  less  thflin  last  nous  items  of  that 

year:  the  post-offioeat  1,400,000^      description 2,050,000 

being  less  than  last  year  by  about  Annuity  to  trustees 

98,000^ ;  and  this  he  did,  only  for    ludf-pay    and 

beoiuse  be  was  unwilling  to  over*      pensions •  •  •       2,800,000 

itftte  any  thing.      The  assessed    Army 7/802,000 

taxes    and    hnd-tax.     in    1822,     Navy 5,442,000 

amounted  to  7>217/969^:  but,  in    Ordnance 1,880,000 

tbe  eouise  ci^   last   session,   the  Miscellaneous  •••••  •      1,494,000 

hearth  andvrindow  taxes  of  Ire*'  Interest  <^ Exchequer 

land  were  abolished,  and  conse-      bill  ••••• 1,200,000 

quently,  towards  the  termination  •...-——« 

of  the  year,  some  loss  Was  sustain-  £.49,852,786 

ed  upon  that  head:  now,however.  The  result,  then,  was 

the  whole  of  these  taxes  was  to  that  taking  the  r&- 

be  deducted,  and  he  therefore  rated      venue  at •     57,000,000 

the  assessed  taxes  and  land-tax  at  The  expenditure  at    49,852,786 

no    more   than    7>100,000/.,    o£  ■■, 

which  the  assessed  taxes  would  be  The  surplus  would 

5,900,000^,    and    the     land-tax      be i6.7,147,2H 

1,200,000^        To    these    laiger 

branches  <^  the  revenue  were  to  be  Of  this   surplus  five  millioDS 

added  various  miscellaneous  items,  were  to  be  applied  to  the  reduction 

amounting  to  600,000/.  The  re-  of  the  debt ;   the  residue,  to  the 

suit,  then,  of  the  whole  calculation  remission  ci  taxes.    The  imposts, 

was  as  follows :«-  which  had  been  selected  as  most 

Customs    10,500,000  P^P^  to  be  Ic^ed  or  abolhhed, 

Excise  26^000  were  the  assessed  taxes  on  wmdo^ 

Stamps 6600000  I^ouses,  horses,  carnages,  and sa- 

Postbffice 1,400,000  f^^      ^^  ^^^  ^^    Sf 

P  KQ^nnnM  menial  capacity,  such  as  the  care 

*.5X,2UU,ow  q£  ^  ^^^^  .  j^  amount  was  about 

On  the  other  hand,  the  whole  SlfiOOL    The  second  was  the  tax 

of  the  expenditure  was   estima-  upon  occasional  gardeners,    l^t 

ted  at   49,852,786/.   which   was  duty  had  doubtlMS  been  impoaed 

compofledofthefoUowingohaiges;  under  the  notion  that  gacdeniiig 

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HISTORY  OF  EUROPE* 


POB 


WMalnxory^  and  s  mareenioy** 
ment  of  the  rich ;  but  its  droct 
had  been,  to  deprive  the  poor  of 
much  casual  employment,  at  sea- 
SODS  when  it  would  be  most  deair- 
ahle.  A  gentleman  could  not 
hare  a  poor  man  to  turn  a  walk, 
or  to  trim  a  flower  bed  in  his 
garden,  even  for  a  single  week, 
without  being  compelled  to  pa^, 
for  his  charity;  Bnd  tbough  the 
tax  was  only  lOx.  for  each  person. 
It  was  very  irksome  to  be 
called  upon  to  p^  for  giving  tins 
sort  of  employment  to  the  poor. 
The  tax  produced  19>700^  and 
was  to  be  abolished  entirdy. 
The  next  item— that  of  the  lower 
dass  of  taxed  carts,  was  also  to 
be  abolished :  it  amounted  to 
g^SOO^  Asimilar  fate  was  allotted 
to  the  3s.  duty  upon  ponies  and, 
mules  und^  thirteen  hands  high, 
employed  hy  persons  in  tr»dp 
ana  husbandry,  which  produced 
4yia0iL  The  last  of  the  small 
dnries  thus  entirely  done  away 
wi^,  was  that  of  39  upon  horses, 
employed  by  small  farmers,  who 
were  engaged  in  trade.  Its  amount 
was  about  6,500L 

With  respect  to  all  the  rema- 
ins taxes  upon  horses,  carriages, 
am  servants^  the  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer  proposed  a  general 
reduction  of  50  per  cent.  The 
pecuniary  amount  of  this  reduction 
was  estimated  as  follows : — 
On  male  sejhrants  .  •  •  •  £.159,500 
Clerks  and  shopmen  of 

traders   98,050 

Four-wheeled  carriages  145,000 
Two-wheeled  ditto  ••  98,000 
Hi^  taxed  carts  ••^•.  17>650 
Hones  for  riding   or 

drawing 324,000 

Ponies  under  thirteen 

hands  hi^,  the  high 

duty   f 9,100 

BaififfiTharses  1,050 


ButbhenT  ditto 4^40(1 

Horses  andmules,  lower 

duty  in  agriculture 

and    trade    jointly, 

and  trade  wholly  ••       7S>500 

With  respect  to  the  tax  on  win- 
dows, the  general  principle,  upon 
which  Mr.  Rolnnson  proposed  to 
proceed,  was  a  dimiiiution  of  50 
per  cent.  There  was,  however,  one 
description  of  windows,  which  he 
wished  to  relieve  entirdy.  The 
windows  of  shops  and  warehouses, 
detadied  from  a  house,  were  al- 
ready exempt;  and  his  wish  was,  to 
extend  this  exemption  to  the 
ground*floor  windows  of  shops, 
whether  attached  to  the  house  or 
not.  '  The  total  reduction  upon  the 
head  of  windows,  was  estimated  at 
1,205,000^;  and  the  total  reduo- 
tion  upcm  the  whole  of  the  assessed 
taxes,  about  2,^00,000^1 

It  was  further  jproposed  to  t^ 
peal  the  whde  of  the  assessed  taxes 
in  Ireland.  The  diminution  thus 
occasioned,  amounting  to  about 
100,000/.,  would,  it  was  expected, 
be  compensated  l^  some  new  modi- 
fications  of  the  Customs,  which  were 
intended  to  be  carried  into  effect  in 
that  part  of  tiie  emmre. 

This  communication  of  theflnan- 
cial  plans  of  tiie  ministers  was  re« 
ceived  with  loud  applause  by  both 
sides  of  the  House.  Mr.  Bicardo 
said,  that  he  thought,  tiiat  the 
science  of  political  economy,  which 
in  the  preceding  session  had  been 
so  frequendy  attacked,  had  never 
before  had  so  able  an  expositor  in 
that  House,  as  it  had  now  found 
in  the  person  of  the  chancellor  of 
the  Exchequer.  Upon  one  point, 
however,  Mr.  Ricardo  dmered 
from  Mr.  Robinson;  and  that 
was,  as  to  the  amount  of  oiur  sur- 
.  plus  revenue.  *'  The  right  hon. 
gentleman/'    said   Mr. 


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It9f]    ANNVAL  ftEGI9TE«,    823. 


of  7,000,000*,  d  mviv£ii,(m,OQQp 
to  be  reoeivi{)4  J  hQ  would  liJia  to 
know  from  wkom?  Could  t|ie 
]!i||ht  1^  ge^tlmgn  himMlf  tell  i^ 
On  the  one  side  of  the  account  he 
Ittd  put  m  ampunt^of  %,9m,0Q0L 
to  bfi  Dftid  for  pcprioni  and  half* 
OV^i  ^(mthQOtbei?8i4ei|hi9h;^ 
^tataOi  that  h^  wj^  ta  isceive 
^iQQ,QQOL  hm  the  t^mstpe^. 
whoevqr  i]m  wight  he,  wbp 
w^ne  to  pf^  aucbpennona  ^nd^UV 
V9S  f  mi  qS  these  two  tteouf,  the 
b^aiicewai  9,000,000/.  to  he  !«<, 
p(^4t  of  POUiis^i  tp  thesp  trustees  q; 
oowmj^oner^  th^npselvfu.  Ua< 
dQuhte%4  therrfore,  ftow  tW*  «»• 
aUIQ^  SUrplMQ  of  7,000,000/,  of 
^^fd  iuQPlY^  Qver  e^^pen^ture^ 
ther^  mmt  be  deduct^  these 
%QQO,000/.,  which  the  sinking 
fund  i^elf  wa?  to  supply*  It  tlus 
view  of  the  9ul)jeet  was  correct, 
tjip  ruj^i  tion.  g^tl^oai),  when  he 
abpuld  have  churned  his  plai;  into 
e&ct,  of  giving  the  propel  relief 
t(k  Ae  oountr)r^  would  actually 
leave  us  with  a  clear  sinking 
ftwd,  m%  of  5,000,000^,  but  of 
3,000,000//'  Of  the  accural  of 
this  ifnwk  of  Mr,  Rip^rdo,  no 
doubt  can  be  coM^rtained :  for  the 
Qstimat^  revenue  of  57,000,000/. 
inplude^  an  item  of  4,8Qp,000/t,  all 
of  which,  p^Msept  £,800,000/.  was 
a  loauirom  the  trustees  of  half-pt^ 
andpenaions. 

The  pnqppsed  reductions  of  taxes 
waxie  carried  into  effect  by  passing 
the  necfissary  bills. 

The  penuanent  annuities  for  a 
fixed  number  of  years,  whidi  had 
haen  created  for  meeting  the  charge 
of  the  naval  and  military  pensions, 
had  upt found  any  purchasers  in  the 
former  year*  Now>  however,  the 
Bank  of  England  contracted  for  the 
piui4iasaofpartofthen^«  Theoon« 
Vm  Wia  tQ  list  ^  fiv9  fe9f9  mi 


a  quaneii  wd  -  waa  10  mA^  0^ 
the  5th c£  Jujyi  18«8.  ^hm 
on  wUfili  it  was  Ibrmfld,  w%  ^ 
taking  the  long  annuities  ^  t)^ 
prifio  on  which  they  w^n^  ^  Ae 
1st  o(  March,  the  day  on  w^ 
they  closed,  these  new  apinutieH 
were  to  be  estimated  at  4  P^W^ 
tiiKud  vidu^  Ou  tl^4;  d^yi  ^ 
annuity  of  ll  fqr  3q  yiean^  mi 
three  quarters,  w^  vor^  i^  17#* 
9df ;  and  the  calculation  «f  ^  ^ 
the  interest  on  that  sum  was  tha 
sam^  as  4/,  2^*  Id*  ner  cent?  The 
total  sum,  which  tne  Bank  wo^ld 
hav^  to  advai^  in  tba  5|  yeafs, 
amounted  to  ld,oa9>^19/-  Aa»^^ 
ever,  it  was  no^  to  be  a4vy|W)ed  at 
once,  l)ut  b>  instalment  ^  wis 
calculated  to  be  the  samp  as  if  the 
Bank  advanced  at  once  U, 883,  IBi^ 
If  that  sum  had  been  advanced  at 
once,  then  the  permanent  inte}^ 
would  have  been  487,700/, ;  l^t  9s 
the  phw  was  to  give  ao^iuuil^ 
£ox  44>  years  at  the  same  ra$e  ci 
interest,  \i  would  aDMlun^  ^ 
585,7^/*;  ^  un  that  arraima- 
ment  the  tii^aaiy  was  pondufjad. 
The  negot^tion  began  on  the  ^ 
of  March,  was  approved  by  t)U) 
prpprietors  of  Banl^  a^n4^  on 
the  20th  of  that  mwth,  was  se- 
duced intxi  afbrmal  contract  pn  the 
S7^,  apd  ratified  by  an  net  which 
received  the  royal  asient}  on  die 
2nd  of  May.    This  act  was  aat 

fassed  without  keen  qraositioa* 
n  the  Commpns  the  thixa  reading 
was  carried  by  X  40  against  91*  i^ 
the  Lords,  it  was  opposed  by  the 
marquis  of  Lansdown,  lord  EUen- 
borough,  and  lord  King.  Nor  did 
the  lifter  at  all  exaggmn^  tha 
absurdity  of  thp  measure,  whavj 
to  show  the  folly  of  the  miociple 
on  which  it  proceeded^  he  joqularly 
moved  as  an  auiendmeut  that  the 
ioUpwing  clause  should  be  added, 


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HISTORY  OF  EUROPE     \     LWl 


pm  bepefii;  ftwa  ttiteiiding  tho 
primcple  §i  iHa  nfcfowid  Mt^ 
^ffw  tli9  firilicipte  of  tt  Slaking 
fimd  ii  proper^  tustfonod  by  comn 
%P9g  Iba  flto^  wiUi  the  system 
oHmfb  h?  U  ea90l«d«diat  the  Iwda 
<wff  kH»nr<  tf  ^  Troftfittgy  pay 
^v9p9^iFfiiiltiQccUtr  to  inweiMft^ihe 
mmm^  la  mw  fiom  th»  9$»k 

9^9mnu  for  tli0  penocTof  ft  hundred 
mrv  liy  Ihe  wW  of  dftf onwd  «iopk» 
thr  inipresi  ip  iXHan^ico  from 

^  Mviiv^i^pwl^  qC  thia  pbn* 
^  tkftfimmoial  &4dvMit&gea  au 
twfiog  ift.  It  wwMs  liQWQVQiv  be 
m^t^iukeMr.  BobiD8oarMpQii« 
aUo  fov  Uie  deroonU  of  a  apheme^ 
i^Wk  moftl  be  regwded*  not  lu 
frtQiij^  ft«)m  bims  but  a«  a  ftivourite 
kn/mg  bequeatb^  to  bi»  gratis. 
t^  9n4  fmqdphip  by  bia  ]^e. 
cuvr  i^  Q^ce*  At  tbe  saoie  time 
h  l\fimv¥^n  wwfi  blame  for  car* 

ail  fiurtber  tbaii  Mr*  Vamit^ 
id  dime.  Tbe  latter,  mudi 
%]ii  mevdHeiitimii  had  left  it  a 
ia«)emni«  oaa  pcmt^aet  between 
%  Twvuiy  and  pertain  tiua* 
^  tf  the  pnbUp  mpney-mii  con* 
t|«PI>i|l  abort,  of  the^nthtion  with 
'^ttif,  Tliia  iiaiiuiwd  contract  was 
evnnyted  tiy  Mr.  Robinson  inte 
^mhitantM  f^gveewnt  wiA  the 
Q^dfr  end  »t  a  momeni^  tocb  most 
iHeJi^iti^teonB  for  the  epeoretion* 
TW  Mneaetton  wa^  in  subetance 
ii]0«AI  iKid  wh^  wa«  the  jnommit 
oiWA  fov  tfaia  loan?  Whj>  the 
«4y  vooM^  when  the  puUls  er&v 
<thp4  anel«in»d  a  gudden  deprea^ 
^.«iid  wbm  the  govommenl 
^  ijiowifiiiye. obliged  to  gfiby  terma 
IMpniiliiiiny  bii^.  The  terms 
Wi  Ibed  by  tha  th^  price  of  the; 
Niammitfcs;  and  that  price  wa« 
4i|iiii«tkhm€vlhMiwh»t  it 


bed  bean  ft  yMi  boiiw*  and  allfth 
lewe«  than  wh^  it  waa  a  yeex  9&^ 
terwards.  The  only  a^DIK)otiq«» 
on  which  the  eondnelof  &esiiiiia« 
tew  in  thiiftffaiy  eaa  be  juaiifiedaa 
reaaanable>  ia,  that  Ihc^  evpeoted 
the  ftmdsi  lo  fell  to  ft  pannaneatly 
1q  w^  rate  than  Ibair  pnoaa  mi  thff 
Htof  Mareh. 

Anpth«  finapciel  negidatiiHi  ine 
trfiduced  by  Mr*  Hnbinaon  waa  ef 
a  veiy  dim»nt  ohexictei.  The 
operatidoa  of  the  ainUag  fimd  had 
biben  encumbered  with  a  nwiie^ 
of  machinery*  of  no  uae  eaeflfil 
to  fp:^  an  air  of  aopapUcetioa  and 
xyyatery  to  a  matter  which  in  itaalf 
waa  very  aimple.  TheCbaneaUor 
of  the  Exchequer  reaolved  io  dfi 
away  with  all  tbeae  petty  oontiii 
vaneea^  and  to  place  thereduodon 
qf  the  national  debt  on  ita  only 
proper  basia-rrrtbe  r^pilar  pranoit 
tp  cowoniaaiQneri  oxa  fixed  aum, 
which  waa  to  be  applied  cKiluaiwIy 
to  that  pnxpoaa  To  accompliah 
thia  end>  he  brought  lEvwaid  a 
bill  founded  on  rwluHoea  whidi 
l^d  been  amptved  by  the  tiouaa. 
By  thia  bill  U  waa  provided,  that 
the  payment  of  all  sums  of  maney> 
chargad  upon  and  iaauaUe  out  ef 
the  conaohdated  fund  of  the  united 
kLniedom  of  Great  Britoin  and  Ise* 
land,  totheoenimiaaiimflraforihaae^ 
duotion  of  the  national  debt,  diouU 
upon  end  d^  the  $ik  of  April 
1823,  ceaae  and  detenmnfr  AU 
qepital  stock  (exoqst  the  capital 
stock  arisiog  from  dimationa  and 
bcqueata  towarda  reducing  the 
national  debt)*  and  all  annuitiea 
for  terma  of  years,  atanding  en  the 
5th  of  Aprils  la^a,  hi  the  names 
of  the  commiaaienera  for  the  re^ 
duction  of  the  nationai  debt,  in 
the  \gH)k$  of  the  Bank  of  Kn^aad* 
or  of  the  South  Sea  eomiiany,  or 
of  the  Bank  ot  Ireland,  mther  oh 
aaaonit  of  the  stoking  &iii#  or  for 


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112]      ANNUAL  REGISTER,    1833. 


Ike  poiekMe  of  life  annuities,  were 
to  be  cancelled  from  and  after  the 
5di  of  April  1823;  and  the  iu'- 
tareit  or  dividends,  which  would 
have  been  due  and  payable  on  such 
capital  stock  or  annuities  upon  and 
after  the  said  5th  of  Aprils  were  to 
cease  to  be  issued  from,  or  charged 
upon  the  consolidated  fimd.  For 
the  &ture  there  was  to  be  set 
apart  and  issued  out  of  the  con* 
aolidated  fund»  to  be  placed  to  the 
aooount  of  the  commissioners  for 
the  reduction  of  the  national  debt, 
the  annual  sum  of  5,000,0002.  to 
be  iq^ed  by  them  towards  the 
reduction  of  the  national  debt; 
which  sum  was  to  be  charged 
upon  the  consolidated  fund,  and 
issued  by  equal  quarterly  pa3rments; 
the  first  quarterly  payment  to  be 
charged  upon  the  said  consolidated 
fund  on  the  5th  of  April  1823. 

The  bill  likewiserepealed  so  much 
of  two  acts  of  the  53rd  and  56tb 
years  of  his  late  majesty,  relating 
to  the  redemption  of  jthe  national 
debt,  as  required,  thc^,  whenever 
such  an  amount  of  capital  funded 
dj^  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland 
respectively  should  have  been 
transferred  to  the  commissioners, 
as  should  be  equal  to  the  whole 
capital,  and  which  should  have  pro- 
duced an  interest  or  yearly  divi« 
dend  equal  in  amount  to  the  whole 
annual  charge  in  peipetual  annui- 
ties of  each  loan  contracted  since 
1786,  a  certificate  and  declaration 
thereof  should  be  made  by  the  com- 
missioners, and  the  amount  of  the 
public  dd)t  to  which  such  certi- 
ficate and  declaration  should  relate, 
should  from  time  to  time  be  deem- 
ed to  be  wholly  satisfied  and  dis- 
charged, and  an  equal  amount  of 
capital  stock,  standins  in  the  names 
of  the  said  commissioners,  should 
be  considered  to  be  redeemed^  afid 
should  frx)m  time  to  time  be  can- 


celled. To  regulate  the  amaimt 
of  the  dnking  fund,  it  was  pro- 
vided, that  no  cajatal  stock,  or  an- 
nuities far  terms  of  years,  which, 
after  the  5th  of  April  1823,  should 
be  placed  in  the  names  of  die  com*' 
missioners,  in  the  books  ci  the 
Banks  of  feneland  or  Ireland,  or 
of  the  South  Sea  company,  should 
be  cancelled  (except  the  stoc^  placed 
in  their  names  fox  the  redemptum 
of  the  land  tax),  until  the  interest 
of  the  debt  redeemed  by  the  ap- 
plicatidn  of  the  said  sum  of 
5,000,000/1  and  of  the  growing 
interest  ^thereof,  should,  together 
with  the  ssud  sum,  have  accumu- 
lated to  a  sum,  the  annual  amount 
whereof  should  not  be  less  than 
the  one-hundredth  part  of  the  then 
existing  unredeemed  funded  and 
outstanding  unfunded  debt  in  ex- 
chequer biUs  unprovided  for,  taken 
together ;  and  that  any  o^tal  stodc 
or  annuities  for  terms  of  yeara^ 
which  should  be  placed  in  the 
names  of  the  said  commissioneis 
on  account  of  the  sinking  fund,  or 
for  the  purchase  of  life  annuities, 
afler  that  frmd  should  amount  to 
the  one  hundredth  part  of  the  ua- 
redeemed  frinded  and  unfunded 
debts  taken  together,  should  be 
liable  to  be  cancelled  at  such  times 
and  in  such  manner  as  parliament 
should  from  time  to  time  direct.  A 
separate  account  was  to  be  kept  in 
the  books  of  the  Bank  of  England, 
of  the  sums  already  given  by  way 
of  donation  or  bequest  towards  re- 
ducing the  national  debt,  and  of 
all  sums  which  should  thereafter 
be  given  or  bequeathed  for  the  like 
purpose,  and  tfie  interest  or  divi- 
dends which  should  accrue  on  all 
stock  arising  therefrom  were  to  be 
applied  in  the  purchase  pf  pubBc 
annuities,  composing  the  national 
debt,  for  the  purpose  of  fulfilling 
the  directions  of  the  person  or  per- 


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HISTORY  OP  EUROPE. 


1:113 


gt?i3ig  or  beqaeatldiig  tlio 
mse,  and^to  no  other  purpose 
whatever. 

Thitf  Kin  eacdted  much  ducos* 
Am  in  the  Houae  of  Commcms. 
It  was  o|^K»ed*on  two  grounds* 
feme  resijited  it  on  the  prindplB, 
that  no  sulking  ftmd  ought  to  exist, 
and  that  anj  suiplns  of  rerenue 
whidi  We  mifiht  enjoy,  ought  to 
be  applied  forUiwitli  in  aremission 
of  taxes.  Others,  amoag  \dioni 
were  Mr.  Baring,  and  Mr.  Rioardo, 
jwunmng  of  the  substance  of  the 
mfl,  thou^t,  that,  as  the  real 
■mptus  of  revenue  was  three  mil- 
Ikms,  and  not  fire  millions,  the 
present  amount  at  the  sinking  fund 
should  be  taken  at  the  former  sum 
and  no  more.  An  amendment  to 
that  e&ct,  proposed  by  Mr.  Baring, 
was  njected  by  only  100  to  7S. 

The  true  statement  of  tl^  case 
is— that  the  country,  comparing 
the  actual  receipts  and  expenditure, 
had  a  surplus  of  five  miUions,  but 
two  millions  of  that  sum  were  ob« 
tsined  by  our  making  permanenti 
dming  45  years,  a  hod  of  charoe 
which  otherwise  would  have  sum 
to  little  or  nothing,  long  before 
that  time:  In  other  words,  our 
nominal  expenditure  did  not  in* 
dude  the  wliole  actual  charge  of 
the  year,  but  part  of  that  charge 
was  met  by  a  loan  which  was  to 
be  repaid  by  a  long  annuity. 

The  bill  passed  through  the  lords 
without  any  division. 

No  discussion,  exciting  any  in- 
terest, was  nroduced  by  the  esti- 
mates of  the  oifierent  departments ; 
though  Mr.  Hume  was  still  assi- 
duous in  pointing  out  supposed 
ponible  minute  reauctions. 

On  the  2ndof  July ,  the  chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer  opened  thabu^^el. 
He  had  stated,  at  the  commence* 
ment  of  the  session,  that  the  total 
-amount  of  the  supply  would  be 

Vol.  LXV. 


about  16,600,000/::  but  k 
now  fbuxid  to  exceed  that  sum  by 
2  or  300,000/1  This  excess  arose, 
not  from  any  increase  in  tiie  es^ 
mates  fbr  the  army,  ^  navy,  or 
the  ordnanee,  but  wh<^  under  the 
head  Miseellaneous  Expenses;  and 
tiie  items,  which  eaused  it,  were 
sueh  as  had  not  entered  hito  hia 
eontemi^ation,  when  heatthe  ooai^ 
meneement  of  the  session  address^ 
the  House  on  the  subject.  One 
of  these  items  was  a  vote  of  neariy 
60,000/.  fbr  the  Stationery  Office, 
and  was  rendered  necessary  incon- 
sequence of  arrangements  latdy 
made  fbr  suji^lying  the  pubfio  d^ 
partments  with  stationery,  whidi, 
though  attended  with  an  extra 
charge  at  present,  would  after* 
warcb  conduce  to  great  eeonomy. 
Formerly,  each  department  jm* 
vided  itsdf  with  whatever  sta- 
tionery it  thoiu^t  necevaiy ;  but 
an  alteration  had  been  made,  by 
which  no  stationery  was  to  be 
furnished,  except  acoordbg  to  par* 
tioular  samples  approved  of  by  tha 
Stationery  Office.  Bythatmeans^ 
the  total  expense  (which  antece- 
dently was  divided  among  the  dif* 
ferent  pubHo  departments)  would 
come  under  one  head.  And  al* 
though  an  increase  appeared  at 
present  in  the  expense  of  the  9ta« 
tionery  Office,  there  would  be  a 
corresponding  saving  in  the  ex- 
penses of  all  the  d^artments  under 
the  head  of  contmgendes.  The 
full  advantages  of  Uiii  alteration 
would  not  be  felt  this  year,  as  the 
navy  and  militarv  departments  ha4 
provided  themselves  with  stamen* 
ery,  before  the  now  arrangement 
tooknlace ;  but  next  rear  the  poblte 
woukL  derive  contiaerable  benefit 
from  it  Another  item,  whidi  he 
had  not  anticipated  at  the  com- 
mencement of  tne  session,  was,  the 
ffrant  for  erecting  buildings  fbr  t^ 


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114]    ANNUAL    RBGISTBB.   1823. 


MOQptioB  of,  his  ouBOSty's  library. 
There  was  also  40,000^  for  the 
harbour  of  Duoleary;  and  15,000Z. 
foe  facilitating  emigration  fnm, 
Iidand.    These  were  the  items, 
wbi^  iBor^ase^  the  supply  beyond 
^anticipated  amount,  and  raised 
it  0   1^976,743/.     There  was, 
howeverj  more  than  a  eurreapond- 
ing  increase  in  the  amount  oi  the 
ways  and  means.    The  way,  in 
wUeh  these  expenses  were  met, 
was  by  three  millions  of  what,  in 
the  printed  papers,  were,  by  mis* 
take^   termed,  annual  malt  taxes, 
though  they  were,  in  reality,  duties 
m  sugar  and  other  articles.    Then 
thore  was  the  lottery,  200,000/.; 
126,87SL,    repayment  by  exche- 
quer-biU  ]pan  commissioners ;   and 
tke  amount  of  naval  and  military 
pensions,   4,800,000/.     The  next 
Item  was  90,000/.  to  be  paid  by  die 
£ast  India  Company,  on  account 
of  half-pay  and  pensions,  which 
required,  some  explanatiop.  As  the 
Easi  India  Company  ha4  a  large 
portion  (^  the  British  troops  em- 
l^oyed  in  protecting  their  territory. 
It  had  appeared  reasonable   that 
tiiey  should  defray  some  part  of  the 
half-pay  and  pensions,  with  which 
the  country  was  chargeable  on  ac- 
count of  the  army.     There  was 
some  difficulty  in  fixing  the  fair 
ynmoction    which    the    company 
ought  to  pay;   because  many  of 
thwe  who  were  pensioned,  or  put 
on  half-pay,  while  their  regiments 
were  in  the  East  Indies,   might 
Imve  become  entitled  to  those  pen- 
sions, or  to  half-pay,  before  they 
had  gone  to  that  part  of  the  world. 
The  arrangement  ultimately  con- 
duded  was,   that  the  East  India 
Company  should  pay   60,000/.  a 
year ;  and  as  they  had  agreed  to 
commence  their    pa)rments    from 
May,  1822,  a  sum  of  90,000/,  was 
thus  disposable  for  the  present  year. 


The  next  item  was  a  sorpluf  of 
Ways  and  Means  of  469,047/>  not 
called  for  by  tiie  expenses  (Xf  past 
years.    There  was  also  a  surplus 
on    the    Consolidated    Fund   of 
8,760,000/.    The   annual  income 
of  the  Consolidated  Fund  mi^ 
be  taken  at  46,000,000/.,  and  the 
charges  at  38,000,000/.     Of  the 
latter  sum,  28,000,000/.  was  for 
the  charge  of  the  Funded  Debt ; 
2,000,00Q/.  for  the    expenses  of 
the  Civil  list  and  other  charges; 
2,800/)00/.  for    the  payment  of 
the  half-pay  and  pension  annui- 
ties; and  5,000,000/.  for  the  Sink^ 
ing  Fund;    which,   with  a   few 
smallitems,  amounted  in  the  whole 
to  38,500,000/.     A  surplus  thus 
remained  of  about  eight  millions 
The  chancellor  of  the  Exdiequer, 
in  making  this  statement,  took  as 
a  criterion,  not  the  receipts  either  of 
the  last  year  or  of  the  current  year, 
but  the  probable  receipts  of  next 
year,  after  deducting  the  amount 
o£  taxes  repealed  during  the  pre- 
sent session.  The  result  of  the  whole 
was,  that  the  Ways  and  Means  for 
this  year  amounted  to  1 7,385,920/., 
and  the  total  amount  of , the  Supply 
was  only  16,976,743/.    Tlius,  no 
less  a  surplus  than  409477/-  re- 
mained unappropriated ;  244,1 50/» 
of  which,  it  was  intended  to  aj»Iy 
to  the  decrease  of  the  unfunded 
debt       The    chancellor    of    the 
Exchequer,  owjng  to  the  late  d* 
terations  in  the  distillery,  had,  in 
the  foregoing  statement,  calculated 
on  a  loss  of  revenue  from  spirits; 
he  had  no  doubt,  however,  but 
that  deficiency  would  be  soon  com- 
pensated.     Besides  this,  another 
surplus  existed  to  meet  passing  con- 
tingencies; for  the  assessed  taxes 
were  nearly  two  quarters  in  ar- 
rear,    and   three  quarters   would 
soon  be   received,    which  would 
leave  an  additional  surplus.    The 


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HISTORY  OP  EUROPE.  JU^ 

chancellor  of  tiie  Exchequer  then  while  the  acoount  for  die  first  port 

alluded  to  the  present  state  ci  the  of  the  year  1822  h^;an  on  the 

rerenue,  in  order  to  shew^  that  he  same  day  and  ended  on  the  5th  of 

was  justified  in  the  compaxison  he  July,  hy  which  the  whok  of  fAtt 

had  made  of  the  first  half  of  this  half  year  came  into  the  account ; 

with  the  same  portion  of  last  year,  and  it  was  well  known  that  the 

The  account  of  the  receipts  in  the  last  days  of  the  quarter  were  hy 

first  part  of  the  present  year,  he*  no  means    the  l^t   |MX)ductiTe. 

gan  on  the  5th  of  January,  and  In  the  Customs  the  account  was  aa 

conclnded  on  the  28th  of  June;  follows:— • 

From  the  5th  of  January  to  the  28th  June^  1823 4  4,02d,66| 

In  BiOs  and  Cash 79. 1 91 

Beceipt  from  June  28  to  July  4,  (1(J,000/.  per  diem*)  80,000 

159,191 

4,185,852 
Half  year  ending  July  5,  1 822 4,045,98T 

w 

Estimated  increase  to  July  5,  1823 ..«• £.199*865 

This    was    independent    of    the  factory.    The  difference  hetween 

amount  of  tonnage  duties,  which  the  two  years  appeared  hy  the  foU 

produced    last    year    a    sum    of  lowing  estimate  of  the  Excise  re* 

06,000/1,  and  wluch  were  now  re-  venue  for  the  half  year  ending 

pealed.     In  the  Excise,  too,  a  con-  July  5th  1823,  oompu^  with  tlie 

siderable  improvement  had  taken  actual  receipt  of  the  corresponding 

place  in  many  articles,  though  in  period  of  last  yeaTi 
others  the  account  was  not  so  satis* 

Payments  to  the  5th  of  July,  1822 12,125,136 

Actual  payments  from  the  5th  of  January  to 

the  1st  of  July,  1823 10,571,081 

Estimated  payments  from  the  1st  to  the  5th  of 

July,    ...••• 658,000 

m  11,221,081 

Deficiency  on  the  half  3rear •.••••.•*#•.•       896,65^ 

Actual  loss  on  the  half  year  unon  articles  on 
which  the  duties  have  heen  reduced. 

Hides •        135,668 

Malt,  including  270,000/.  repayment  on  ac- 
count of  stock  in  hand. ••.•••.•..        450,637 

Stlt.... k ^5,550 

1,051,875 

Actual  increase • .••••.•• •  •       155;820 

In  addition  to  which  the  repayment  on  account  of  malt 
duty,  previously  accounted  for,  amounted  to  Q'tOfiM., 
which  is  included  in  the  above  sum  of  450,637A ;  and  if 


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116]    ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1823. 

no  mxeh  repayment  hnA  been  made,  the  increeae  of  xw6m 

ntt«  wonla  have  been* » • « t        4^,8!^ 


The  re^t  ite  to  the  revenue  de« 
livable  from  Stampi,  the  Pb8t« 
office,  and  the  Asse^ed  Taxes,  ap« 
peared  to  be  equally  satisfactory. 

While  the  revenue  was  thus  im* 
Proving,  the  ministers  had  also 
neen  £%le  to  effect  a  gradual  re* 
duction  of  the  debt,  and  this  re- 
l 


Auction  had  been  progresaive  from 
the  5th  of  January,  1823.  On 
that  day,  the  unredeemed  debt 
amounted  to  796,580,144/.;  and 
the  following  account  showed  to 
what  extent  it  had  been  reduced 
from  the  5th  of  January  to  the 
30th  of  June ;— 


BysinidBgF««d5f£^;::::::::::::::::::::::::;»'jj,^l2.' 

Transferred  for  Life  Annuities  •  • « .334,885 

Ditto,  Land  Tax,  estimated • 24,000 

Ditto,  unclaimed  10  years • 14,432 

Purchased  with  Unclaimed  Dividends •  •  19400 

fittfflish  Debt,  decreased  by  capital  transferred  to  the  debt  in 

^    mland t , •••  797>186 

3,196,470 
Deduct  Irish  Debt  increased  by  capital  transferred  from 
•    England    797^8$ 

Total  redeemed £.2,399,^32 


The  amount  of  debt  remaining 
unredeemed  was  794,130,812^ 
Whilst  this  reduction  was  going 
on,  no  corresponding  addition  hiS 
been  made  to  the  debt.  Besides 
the  capital  redeemed  and  trans^ 
ferred,  there  was  paid  to  the  Bank, 
towards  the  redemption  of  £xf 
ehequcr  bills,  per  3  Geo.  4th.  cap. 
66 — 

Januarys,  1823-... .;...••...  340,000 

Aprils 8^0,000 

To  be  paid  July  5 340,U00 

«f,l,O20,00U 

Thus  it  appeared,  that  there  had 
been  a  clear  reduction-  at  debt 
to  the  amount  of  upwards  of 
«,0d0,000/.      The    chancellor    o( 

*  lu  this  calculation,  the  Chancellor 
of  the  Excheuuer  takes  credit  twice  for 
the  sau^e  sum  of  S70,Q30/. 


the  Exchequer  then  oommented  on 
the  ereat  reduction  of  taxation' 
which  had  been  effected  during 
the  last  two  years  amountinff  to 
6,935,400/. ;  besides  reduetionf 
upon  some  minor  items,  which 
were  to  be  found  in  the  bill  fin 
progress  relative  to  Customs.  One 
of  the  most  important  of  these 
was  the  reduction  of  the  duty  on 
stone  carried  coastwise.  An^tba 
oiroumstance  which  would  dimi- 
nish the  amount  of  taxation,  was 
the  repeal  of  the  Union  duties  in 
Ireland;  ameasure^  which,  thou^ 
it  might  be  pngudknal  to  the  in- 
terests of  a  few  mdividuals,  wouM 
enable  the  people  of  Ireland  to 
obtain  some  articles  of  British 
produce  10  per  cent  below  the 

f»rioe  which  they  at  present  p«i» 
(Mr  them.  Including  these  smal- 
ler itemsj  the  redqctioas  mtide  in 


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HISTORY  OF  mROPE,  '     CUT 

iW9  ye^  would  amount  to  a  total  die  viewt  which  he  and  the  xesl 

of  about  seven  millions  and  a  half.*  of  his  migesty's  ministers  had  en« 

He  added,  that  it  was  dear,  that  tertained ;  and  he  tnisted  that  the 

the  finances  of  the  country  were  House  had  no  reason  to  thinly  thai 

in  a  state  of  progressive  inmrove*  their  support  had  been  improperly 

ment;  and  he  therefore  antiapated  bestowecL     He  had  taken  pains  to 

a  further  leduc^n  of  taxation*  ascertain  tlie  feelings  of  the  coun« 

l^e  was  not  ashamed  to  avow,  that,  try,  with  respect  to  the  course  of 

uihi«opinion,theoriea,  which  every  pcnlcy  which  ministers  had  purt 

body  allowed  to  be  unobjectionable,  sued;  and  he  had  found  that  Um 

lit,  when  they  were  attempted  people  aenerally  were  completeljK 

tice  too  ra-  satisfied  with  it. 


to  be  carried  into  practice 

ptdly,  with  respect  to  such  an  enoi>  Mr.  Maberly  congratulatad  th^ 

moos  coneem  as   the  revenue  of  country  on  the  statement  whiab 

this  country,  be  productive  of  the  had  been  made  b^  the  right  hoa. 

greatest    mischi^.     If,    however,  {^tleman.      During    the  whcJ^ 

gDvemmant  were  allowed  to  pro-  time  that  he  had  been  a  membef 

ceed  in  a  moderate  course,  he  liad  of  that  House,  he  had  never  heard 

very  little  doubt    that  it  would  so  open,  so  fair,  or  so  candid  a  state« 

find,  in  consequence  of  the  acts  of  ment ;  and,  indeed,  it  appeared  to 

reduction  which  had  taken  jdace,  him,  that  the  right  hon.  gentleman 

the  means  of  extending  relief  from  had  rather  under-rated  Uian  oves^ 

taxaticm   still  further,     tie  was  rated  the  grounds,  .\m  which,  ha 

dad  to  have  received  from   the  founded  his  estimate  of  the  pre* 

House  the  most  liberal  support  of  sent  flourishing  state  of  the  j:eve« 

*  ThA  ibllo«ving  2s  an  Estimate  <>t  all  T^xes  repealed  slnc^  the  ttfrmlnatlofl  of 
the  War ;  and  the  amount  of  tMr  amnial  produce. 

PREVIOUSLY  TO    1821.  ^. 

Propeny-tax * 14,287,956 

Wm*  n»lt— England  and  Ireland. ..„ ifi\St^7\ 

Cnstnms— Exports,  Umnagr,^ l,lt5fi1B 

Wiado«i%— Ireland. ....*••«...  ««•#...•*#«• .«<....«..•      fMfiQO 

'     ■■■r„,„,  18^1,20^ 
AT  ^VBBfiQVENT    FCMODS* 

HusboDdrv^bories ..^.« •. 490,000 

Malt 1,400,000 

IWt ^  ifi95/m 

HMes..^ , H 300,000 

Amtvd  TkxM ^,* ^ * 9,300/K)0 

lKtt0,  Ireland,  R^t o «4.tM.» ••     100,000 

Tonnao^c  duty -.... -     160,000 

Ulndotrs— Ireland  ; ♦, *...      180,000 

i*|nrtts— IreUod , 380,000 

Mlte^—Scolbnd  .....* ♦•.*...• * 340,000 

.-^.-«.^    $fiS5/M 

35,456,3<tt' 

Deduct  ta)tes  iniposed  anno  I8l9.,.«M««t^*>n<«»»«f.i.MiMf«t.**    3,200,000 

-^  - 

1  nnwfc 

to  tfieie  must  be  added  tb<  miatr  rsdacUoas  taeatMe4  by  Mr.  BioImi^« 


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ild]    ANNUAt  REGISTER,   1823. 


ntie,  and  of  the  hopes  he  enter- 
tained of  the  future  diminution  of 
SuhHc  taxation.  By  such  conduct^ 
e  would  secure  the  confidence  of 
the  country.  He  was  also  grati- 
fied at  Uie  liberal  principles,  which 
ministers  seemed  to  have  adopted^ 
with  r^ard  to  public  trade;  for 
sudi  libml  views  would  materially 
contribute  to  make  commerce  pros- 
per, and  to  ren^  the  nation  pros- 
perous and  happy. 

Such  were  the  financial  measures, 
brought  forward  by  ministers,  and 
carried  into  effect.  It  remains  for 
us  to  mention  some  propositions 
which  were  rejected. 

Mr.  Maberiy  brought  forward 
Us  favourite  plan  of  substituting 
for  the  sinking  fund,  during  seven 
years,  an  extinction  of  upwards  of 
41  millions  of  3  per  cent,  stock,  to 
be  effected  by  the  redemption  of 
the  residue  of  the  land-tax.  That 
redemption  was  to  be  brought  about 
by  off*ering  more  favourable  terms 
to  purchasers  than  were  at  pi^sent 
held  out  And  so  £ar,  undoubtedly, 
it  deserved  consideration.  In  that 
point  of  view,  the  only  question 
which  it  raised  was — whether  the 
redemption  of  the  land-tax  ought 
not  to  be  encouraged  by  allowmg 
increased  advantages  to  purchasers. 
But  it  was  propounded  as  equiva- 
lent to  a  sinking  fund :  and,  con- 
sidered in  that  light,  it  was  alto- 
gether ridiculous;  for  it  had  not 
one  quality  which  distinguished  a 
sinking  fund.  The  essential  attri- 
bute of  a  sinking  ftmd  was,  that 
its  operation,  while  it  diminished 
debt,  was  unaccompanied  with  any 
loss  of  revenue.  The  interest 
accruing  from  the  debt  so  redeemed 
was  left  at  the  option  of  parlia- 
ment, to  be  a^Ued  either  to  a 
further  diminution  of  debt,  to  the 
puUic  exigencies  that  might  arise, 
or  to  the  repeal  (^taxiitiim.    Bot| 


in  Mr.  Maberly's  plan,  there  was 
no  choice  left;  b«»u8e,  while  it 
reduced  a  certain  amount  of  the 
public  debt,  it  also  extinguished  a 
corresponding  portion  of  the  re- 
venue. 

Mr.  Ricardo  conceived,  that  the 
scheme,    considered   merely  as  a 
mode  of  promoting  the  redemption 
of  the  land-tax,  was  advantageous ; 
but  he  agreed  with  the  chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer,  Mr.  Baring,  and 
Mr.  Huskisson  in  reprobating  it 
as  a  substitute  for  a  smldng  fund* 
**The  whole  of  the   plan,"   said 
Mr.  Huskisson,  "  was  to  transfer 
41,830,000?.    of  stock   ftom   tkc 
purchasers  of  the  land  tax,  pro- 
vided the  whole  1,939,701/.  were 
redeemed   and    purdiased :  —  for 
what   was   commonly   called  the 
redemption  of  the  land-tax,  was 
simply  the  transfer  of  a  portion  of 
the  debt  from  one  class  of  indivi- 
duals to  another.     Suppose  perBons 
were  found  ready  to-morrow  morn- 
ing to  conclude  the  whole  trans- 
action, what  would  be  the  conse- 
Suencc  ? — ^The  public  charge,  and 
lie  public  income  would  be  equaHy 
dinunished.     By  the  act  of  1786, 
each  separate  loan  was  to  be  con- 
sidered as  a  separate  debt.     For 
the  interest  of  each  loan  a  speciik 
sum  was  provided,  by  specific  taxes 
for  that  purpose.     He  would  a^, 
whether,  if,  with  regard  to  any 
loan  subsequent  to  1 79^>  any  given 
tax — the  sugar  duty  for  instance- 
had  been  appropriated  to  the  pay- 
ment of  the  interest  on  that  loan, 
and  we  were  now  to'  allow  that 
duty  to  be  redeemed,  any  advan- 
tage would  be  gained  ?     It  would 
be  very  easy  to  write  oflT  all  our 
debt  in  a  similar  way ;  but,  when 
we  had  done  so,  we  should  be  pay- 
ing just  the  same  interest,  and  be 
liable  to  iu 


at  present. 


just  the  same  ciiaige  as 


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HISTORY.  OP  EUROPE* 


[119 


Mr.  Maberly's  propoBition  was 
rejected  by  a  niBJority  of  157  to 
72. 

Sevaral  petitloiu  were  pesented 
fo:  the  repeal  of  the  duties  on  fo- 
reign wool :  but  government  unU 
mwly  refused  to  accede  to  their 
pntyer.  ^  The  produce  of  this  tax, 
•aid  ministers,  had  risen  from 
^SOfiOOL,  to  400,000^,  while  at 
the  same  time  the  exportation  of 
woollens  had  upon  the  whole  in- 
creased. It  was  true,  indeed, 
that,  notwithstanding  the  general 
increase,  there  were  some  parts  of 
Europe  to  which  the  exportation 
had  cfiminifthed ;  but  it  was  very 
doubtful,  whether  that  was  to  be 
inq^ted  to  the  operation  of  this 
tax,  or  whether  it  did  not  arise 
from  those  causes  which  had  af- 
fected the  agriculture  of  the  rest 
of  Europe  as  well  as  our  own. 
The  question  then  stood  thus:  with 
respect  to  revenue,  the  tax  was 
productive ;  while,  as  it  regarded 
manufactimes,  it  was  not  mjuri- 
ous.  At  the  same  time,  they  pro- 
fessed themselves  willing  to  give 
up  all  ^e  advantaee  of  the 
400,000^  a  year  to  the  revenue, 
provided  the  manufacturers  would 
agree  to  the  free  exportation  of 
wool;  but  so  long  as  that  class 
objected  to  the  latter  measure,  they 
should  not  fibel  justified  in  eiving 
up  the  tax.  This,  they  said,  was 
no  more  than  fair,  as  regarded  the 
interests  of  agriculture. 

Lord  Beresfbrd  had  been  ap- 
pointed, upon  the  death  of  sir 
Hildebrand  Oakes,  to  the  office 
of  lieutenant-ffeneral  of  the  Ord- 
nance. On  the  19th  of  February, 
Mr.  Hume,  who  had  previously 
directed  the  attention  of  the  House 
to  the  tnb^ecty  moved,  that,  as  the 
commissioners  of  military  inquiry 
had  reported,  in  their  13  th  report, 
thatj  ia  their  belief^  {ram  the  ia^ 


fortnatiott  given  to  them,  the  ap- 
pointment of  lieutenant-genem 
of  the  Ordnance  was  not  essential 
to  the  constitution  of  the  board  of 
Ordnance,  in  time  of  war;  this 
House  was  of  opinion,  that  the 
recent  appointment  of  lord  Beres* 
ford  in  time  of  peace,  was  inoon« 
sistent  with  the  recommendation 
of  those  commissioners,  at  varianae 
with  the  professibns  of  economy 
made  from  the  throne,  and  with- 
out a  due  consideration  of  the 
situation  of  the  country.  Mi. 
Ward,  in  reply,  contended,  that 
Mr.  Hume,  luid  misrepresented  the 
declaration  of  the  commisrioneci  of 
military  inquiry ;  that  these  com- 
missioners had  misunderstood  the 
evidence  on  which  they  formed 
their  opinion;  and  lastly,  that, 
suj^osing  both  thehon.  gentleman 
and  the  commissioners  to  be  cotr 
rect,  yet  such  alterations  had  taken 
place  in  the  department,  such  an 
increase  had  been  made  to  the 
business,  that  it  was  totally  im- 
possible to  attend  to  the  recom- 
mendations of  the  r^ort.  Mr* 
Hume  had  said,  that  we  oudit  to 
revert  to  the  Ordnance  establisb-' 
ment  of  1796 :  why  did  he  not  at 
the  same  time  compare  the  present 
business  t^isacted  by  the  board, 
with  that  which  they  had  to  pep- 
form  in  1796  ?  The  present  ord- 
nance establishment  consisted  of. 
8,000men;  that  of  1796  was  4,000. 
Then,  there  were  noho]:ae  artillery ; 
now,  there  was  the  finest  body  of 
that  force  indie  world*  Then^  there 
were  no  sappers  and  miniMrsi  now, 
there  was  an  admiraUy-equimP^ 
coips.  In  1796  the  half-pay  of 
the  Ordnance  was  only  ^,000/.  a- 
year;  now,  it  was 400,000/.  Be- 
sides, there  was  the  wider  range 
o£  duties,  which,  since  1796>  had 
devolved  upon  the  Ordnance*  {ova 
the  incrgMfl  cf  ffplpniftt  bufliiifiif 


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ta02   ANirUAli  RB0I9TBR;  1823. 


ialbeEMl^iid  WaH  Indk^siid 
Ibom  die  tnuufer  to  tlieai  of  tha 
Otdaanoe  of  IxdkudL 

Mr.  Cuming  oonfined  lumself 
to  fefuting  tome  inainuatiinis  of 
Mn  Hitmen  thai  the  o&ee  was  e 
aneeiire,  whkli  hed  been  giyen  to 
lc»d  Bere«ford  from  parlianientarjr 
isAwakse*  He  sbovod^  that  tha 
duke  oC  Wellingtoti  had  offered 
it  fint  to  hnA'  Hopetoui^   etid 


Ant,  to  lord  Hffl  *  tad  ^t,  blUi 
of  tbeaedieets  having  dediaedit 
as  too  laborious,  his  Grace  had 
eext  tendered  it  to  Idtd  Bmrfbrd 
as  another  of  his  companioiu  lA 
anus. 

Seme  of  Mr.  Hume's  friend* 
recommended  to  him  to  withdraw 
thetno^oQ:  but  this  Mr.  Ctfii^ 
would  not  penmt.  It  was  i^ 
Jected  l^  200  Noes  to  7^  Af%s. 


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tilSTDRY  OP  BUROPE. 


Cwr 


CHAP.  VIII. 

titmftmmOimd  and  Cmoc  Brdm  New  Stmlh  fVski  and  Van  Diemetf$ 
Lamd — Proptmed  Eqnalizatkm  of  the  DutM  on  Easi^IndUtn  and 
Wett-Indian  Sngar^Mr.  Buakm's^  Motion  on  Slaverg^Tke  Reto* 
liUions  propotedby  GovemmaU  on  thai  itd^eet — Lord  Baihursi's 
Circular — Alarm  m  ike  WeH^ImUan  Colonies — Proceedings  in  Jo* 
nuuca  and  Barbadoes^^Imurrection  in  Demerara :  its  Orygin,  Pro* 
gress*  and  Suppression:  trials  (cf  the  Conspirators:  Irud  of  the 
Missumarp  Smkh^CondUion  qfthe  New  Seitlemenis  at  the  Cape  ijf 
Good  Hope. 


GtlEAT  and  ftppwendj  not 
unfmuided  complaints  were 
mde,  ia  Uie  present  session,  cf 
abuses  in  tlie  administntion  of 
jostice  in  Newfoiuidland.  A  miK 
twn  for  inq,uii7«  whick  the  miliia* 
ters  leasted  on  the  ground  that 
tliey  were  preparing  a  bill  to  le- 
inedj  the  e?ils  ocnupained  of,  was 
lost  hj  a  majority  of  4S  to  87* 
Some  of  the  inhabitants  of  Cape 
Breton  petitioned  against  the  late 
nnioii  A  diat  island  with  Nova 
Scotia,  as  injoiious  to  their  ri^4s 
and  privikges. 

Kew  South  Wales,  and  Van 
Diemen's  Land  attracted  a  con- 
sideratie  dunre  of  the  attention  of 
goremment :  and  an  act  was  passed 
establishing  courts,  and  making 
other  reguntions  for  the  adminis- 
tration m  justice,  in  those  remote 
settlements. 

These  snlgects,  howeter,  excited 
little  interest,  when  compared  wi^ 
the  discussion  of  some  great  qoes- 
tions  on  the  state  of  oiir  dominions 
in  the  East  and  West  Indies  and 
the  relations  subsisting  between 
them  and  Great  Britain. 

Sugars  impcffted  from  the  East 
Indies  were  sulfject  to  an  extca 


duty,  in  one  instance,  of  lOt.  per 
cwt,  and  in  another,  of  15i.  beyond 
that  which  was  pay  able  inpdb  sugars 
brought  from  the  West  hi^es*  On 
the  3rd  of  Mwch,  a  petition  was 
]^:esented  to  thd  Commons  firom  a 
great  body  of  merchants^  i^ents 
and  ship-owners  interested  in  the 
East-Indian  trade,  and  resident  ia 
London,  prayinga  justelassificatiea 
of  EasUln^Q  siMars  according  to 
theii!  qualities  imd  an  equaliaatioB 
of  the  duties  on  them  with  the 
duties  m^DoeA  <m  West-Indian 
sugars.  The  grounds  on  whidi 
the  justice  and  expediency  of  this 
alteraticm  were  defended  were, 
that,  however  proper  it  mi^t  have 
been  to  hate  givwi  the  West^In- 
dian  cdomes  an  adyanti^  in  the 
British  market,  when  they  were 
excluded  by  law  from  carrying 
their  produce  directly  mto  the 
other  great  markets  c^  the  world, 
yet,  now  that  parliament  had  re- 
moved the  restrictions  which  con- 
fined theirtrade  to  the  mother  coun- 
try, and  had,  by  theacts  3rd  Geo.4th, 
04^  44  and  45,  extended  their  com* 
mercial  intercourse  with  the  United 
States  of  America^  with  independ« 
ent  Spanish  AoKswo,  and  the  ra»- 


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122]    ANNUAL  REGI S TE R,    1823. 


tinent  of  Europe,  the  East-Indian 
trade,  the  British  anpire  in  India, 
and  the  people  of  the  united 
kingdom,  ought  to  be  relieved 
from  the  burthen  of  the  protecting 
duty  —  that,  when  the  pro- 
tecting duty  was  granted  widi  a 
view  of  securing  a  preference  in 
the  home  market  to  the  West-In- 
dian planters,  the  main  argument 
emph^ed  in  defence  of  the  measure 
was,  their  being  excluded  from 
foreign  markets  (with  the  exc^ 
tion  of  ports  south  of  Ce»e  Fims- 
terre,  under  certain  regiuations) ; 
and  consequently  «ince  the  range 
of  the  vrmd,  had  been  afforded 
them  for  the  sale  of  their  produce, 
and  the  purchase  of  their  supplies, 
that  preference  should  cease — that, 
continuing  to  the  West-Indians 
the  virtusd  monopoly  of  the  home 
market,  whilst  their  sugars  are 
allowed  to  enter  into  dijrect  oom- 
petitum  with  East-Indian  sugars  in 
Inreign  markets,  confers  an  undue 
advantage  on  the  former,  at  the 
€(xpense  of  the  latter — ^that  the  re- 
tention of  the  protecting  duty  was 
an  injury  to  the  people  cf  the 
united  kingdom,  by  its  obvious 
tendency  to  enhance  the  price  of 
sugar,  an  article  of  such  general 
use  amongst  all  classes  of  the  com- 
-munity ;  and  would  also  prove  in- 
jurious to  the  revenue,  by  nar- 
rowing the  consumption-*that  it 
was  fur^er  highly  injurious  to  the 
merchants^  manufEtcturers,  and 
ship-owners,  engaged  in  the  trade 
between  this  country  and  India,  by 
cripplin^their  means  of  successfully 
prosecutmg  their  commerce— and 
that  the  use  of  sugar,  as  a  dead 
weight  to  ships  returning  from 
India,  was  essential  to  the  exis- 
tence of  the  trade  with  that  coun- 
try. 

It  was  likewise  asserted,  that 
tiie  demand  for  British  manufiKXi 


tures  on  the  part  of  ourvlndisn 
population  had  greatly  increased : 
that  its  further  increase  was  limited 
chiefly  by  the  difficulty  of  procuring 
returns ;  and  that  the  pnvation  m 
so  material  an  article  as  sufiar  vns 
one  of  the  chief  causes  of  ttiis  dif- 
ficulty, and  tended  decidedly  to 
check  the  increase  of  what  promised 
to  become  one  of  the  most  valuable 
branches  of  British   commerce- 
that  the  protecting   duty,  more^ 
over,  inflicted  a  serious  injury  on 
the  great  body  of  the  people  of 
Hin£)Stan,  who  were  entitled  as 
British  subjects  to  a  fair  participa- 
tion in  the  home  market,  and  who 
possessed  this  further  daim,  that 
they  provided  for  their  own  protec- 
tion and  civil  government ;  and,  in- 
stead of  proving  a  burthen  to  the 
united  kingdom,mcreased  its  wealth 
and  added  to  its  resources — that  in 
estimating  the  comparative  impor- 
tance of  the  two  branches  of  Bntidi 
commerce,  thus  brought  into  com- 
petition, the  immense  difference  in 
the  popidation  of  the  East  and 
West  Indies  should  not  be  over- 
looked ;  as  the  trade  with  the  East 
Indies  was  to  meet  the  growing 
demand  of  a  population  of  one  hun- 
dred millions,  whilst  that  with  oar 
West-Indian  colonies  was  confined 
to  a  population  of  seven  or  cig^t 
hundred  thousand— -that  the  omio- 
sers  of  the  protecting  duty  asked 
for  no  exdusive  favour,  preference, 
or  protection,  but  required  only  to 
be  placed  upon  an  equal  footing 
with  the  West-Indians,  both  in  the 
amount  of  duties,  and  in  the  da*- 
siflcation  of  qualities;  so  that,  if 
British  Indiacouldproducc  Aea^ 
sugar,  her  numerous  population, 
placed  under  British    protection, 
might  not  be  deprived  ot  the  best 
means  of  exerdsmg  their  industry, 
or  forced  to  divert  their  trade  to 
foreign  countries;  aod  that  tbe 


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[123 


united  kingdom  might  not  lose  the 
inestimable  advantage  of  the  ex- 
punge of  its  manufactures  for  the 
poductions  of  India. 

These  arguments  were  enforced 
by  the  influence  of  those  who  were 
connected  with  the  East  Indies: 
they  were,  on  the  contrary,  vio- 
lently resisted  by  the  West-Indian 
interest^  who  regarded  the  proposed 
equalization  as  pregnant  with  their 
ruin.  And  it  must  be  confessed, 
that  this  measure,  whatever  may 
be  its  intrinsic  merits,  was  brought 
forward  at  a  most  unseasonable 
moment.  The  West-Indian  pro- 
prietors and  planters  were  involved 
m  deep  embarrassments,  which 
mi|^t  yet  rise  to  a  still  greater 
hei^t :  was  it  at  such  a  crisis  that 
we  ought  to  adopt  a  change  of  po- 
licy, which  could  not  fail  to  aug- 
ment the  present  difficulties  of  a 
large  and  important  branch  of  the 
comnninity,  who  were  already 
greatly  depressed  ?  Surely  pru- 
dence recommended  to  wait  till 
they  were  in  their  ordinary  state 
of  prosperity,  before  we  adopted^  a 
course  which  might  operate  to 
their  disadvantage. 

On  the  22nd  of  May,  Mr. 
Whitmore  moved  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  select  committee  to  in- 
quire into  the  duties  payable  on 
East  and  West  Indian  sugar.  In 
support  of  his  motion  he  showed, 
that  the  trade  between  Europe  and 
India^  from  the  earliest  periods 
down  to  the  day  on  which  it  had 
been  rendered  open,  had  always 
been  of  the  same  description. 
Drugs,  spices,  and  silks,  were  im- 
ported into  Europe  ^m  India,  and 
million  was  invariably  exported  in 
return  for  them  from  Europe  into 
India.  The  craening  of  the  trade 
with  India  had,  however,  cheated 
a  most  extraordinary  revolution;  for 
Ae  ooasequence  had  been^  that  a 


mart  had  been  discovered  for 
British  manuflictures,  on  which 
nobody  could  have  calculated^  be- 
fore it  was  actually  found  to  exist. 
The  exports  of  woollen  goods  ttom 
Europe  to  India  amounted  in  1815 
to  lS3,430l.;  in  1822  theyamoont* 
ed  to  1,4^1,649/.  But  the  most  ex- 
traordinary circumstance  was,  the 
change  that  had  occurred  in  the 
cotton  trade  between  India  and 
this  country.  Formerly  we  had 
imported  certain  cotton  goods  from 
India ;  now  we  were  actually  sup- 
plying the  natives  with  those  ar- 
tides  at  a  lower  price  than  that  for 
which  they  could  a^rd  to  manu- 
iREicture  them.  In  1815,  the  ex- 
port of  cotton  goods  to  the  eastward 
of  the  Cape  of  Good  Heme 
amounted  to  109,480/.:  in  the 
year  1822,  they  had  increased 
to  1,120,325/.  Reflecting  on 
the  distance  at  which  we  W6re 
from  that  country,  and  the  low 
price  at  which  labour  could  be  ob- 
tained in  it,  he  considered  the  foot 
of  our  being  enabled  to  import  the 
raw  material  into  this  country,  to 
change  it  into  a  manufactured  ar- 
ticle, to  export  it  back  again  to 
India,  and  then  to  sell  it  at  a  lower 
price  than  that  at  which  the  na- 
tives could  aflbrd  to  sdl  it  in  their 
own  markets,  to  be  one  of  the  most 
extraordinary  triumphs  of  skill  and 
industry  that  had  ever  been  re- 
corded in  the  annals  of  commercial 
enterprise.  We  had  thus  annihi- 
lated, at  least  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  the  presidencies,  the  trade  which 
had  existed  there  from  the  earliest 
periods.  That  event  might  prove 
to  be  either  a  blessing  or  a  curse* 
It  would  prove  a  blessing,  if  pff- 
liament  should  enable  the  natives 
of  India  to  employ,  in  another 
channel,  the  industry  which  it  had 
diverted  from  its  former  ol^ects  ; 
but  it  would  prore  »  cur^  wd«ed| 


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it,  after  destrcijring  tlieir  manufao- 
turn,  we  sbould  be  guilty  of  an 
aet  d  sucli  gross  injustice^  as  to 
refuse  to  take  from  them  such  ar** 
tides  of  commerce  as  their  indu»« 
try  enabled  them  to  produce.    Our 
commerce  with  Hindostan  was  as 
yet  only  in  its  infancy.     There 
was  no  assignable  limit  to  it,    if 
we  would  only  permit  our  mer-* 
ehants  to  take  nom  India  those 
articles  which  she  was  enabled  to 
produce^     But  great  as  was  the 
avidity  of  the  natives  to  purchase 
English  goods^  they  would  be  in* 
capadtated  from  doing  so^  if  thef 
were  no|  allowed  to  give  their  own 
articles  in  exchange  for  them^  and 
consequently  our  commerce  with 
them  would  not  only  not  be  in« 
doased^  bat  would  not  even  be 
eoaUed  to  continue  in  that  sue- 
cessful  state  to  which  it  had  ar« 
rived.     In  former  times  there  was 
a  great  importation  of  bullion  into 
India,  in  return  for  the  drugs  and 
spices  which  she  sent  to  £iux)pe. 
Now,  that  importation  had  in  a 
great  degree  ceased :  and  without 
staying  to  inquire  what  would  be 
the  eSect  of  withdrawing  more 
bullion  from  India^  it  must  be  oh* 
vious  to  every  man,  that  as  India 
did  not  produce  bidlion,  all  trade 
with  it  must  be  stopped,  if  it  were 
ttot  permitted  to  export  its  own 
produce.    He  therefore  contended, 
that,  as  far  as  our  empire  in  India 
W8B  concerned,  we  were  bound,  by 
not  only  a  sense  of  justice,  but  of 
Individual  interest,  to  abolish  the 
restrictions  with  which  the  impor- 
tation of  East- Indian  sugars  into 
the  home  market  was  at  present 
fettered.     Re  then  proce^ed  to 
consid^  the  question  with  regard 
to  the  interests  of  the  West-Indian 
klands.   It  had  been  said,  that  the 
presenttimewasexceedinfl^yadverse 
t9  the  motion ;  for  that  it  was  hard 


to  brin^  it  forwurd  at  a  moment 
when  the  West-Indian  interests 
were  suffering  so  much  distress. 
He  lamented  that  distress  as  tnudf 
as  any  man,  but  it  was  necessary 
here  to  look  a  little  at  the  cause  of 
the  evil :  its  cause  was  not  the 
competition  of  East- Indian  sugar, 
nor  its  cure  the  more  rigid  enforce^ 
ment  of  the  monopoly  enjoyed  by 
West-Indian  sugar.  By  one  mode 
only  could  the  distress  be  relieved, 
—by  a  general  change  of  the  whole 
system  in  the  West  Indies.  As 
long  as  slavery  existed,  as  long  as 
the  poor  lands  were  made  to  pro- 
duce sugar,  as  long  as  freights  cou<* 
tinned  so  high  in  consequence  of 
overcharge,  so  long  woUld  Ae 
West  Indies  be  distressed.  The 
great  grievance  was  the  slave- 
system,  which  increased  so  largely 
the  cost  of  production. 

The  West- Indian  planters,  he 
added,  seemed  to  assert,  that  they 
had  a  ri^t — ^nay  a  chartered  right 
-^to  the  continuance  of  these  pro* 
tectin^  duties.  In  vain  did  he  look 
for  this  Charter  amid  acts  of  par- 
liament and  grants  of  the  Crown. 
But  though  he  could  not  find  this 
charter,  he  fcond,  by  the  search  for 
it,  a  fact  that  was  scarcely  less  im- 
portant— ^namely,  tliat  the  duties 
on  East-Indian  sugar  had  sometimes 
been  the  same  as  those  on  West* 
Indian  sugar,  nay,  that  they  had 
sometimes  even  been  less.  Pre- 
viously to  1 803,  the  duties  on  East- 
Indian  sugar  were  ad  valorem  duticsj 
and  thou^  generally  higher,  were, 
whenever  the  price  of  sugar  was 
considerably  depressed,  ready  lower 
than  the  duties  on  West-Irtdian 
sugar.  Mr.  Whitraore  then  ^ve 
an  historical  detail  of  the  vanous 
measures,  by  which  the  West-In- 
dian planters  had  obtained  the  im* 
position  of  extra  duties  of  10*.  and 
155.  on  East-Indian  sugar,  andcdii* 


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[1S6 


tended^  tht/t,  tliough  th^  mAt 
Imve  Bome  claim  to  protoction  wSeii 
Ibe  colonial  fjrttem  wm  flounsbing 
in  full  vigour^  they  had  none  now 
that  it  was  reloxied* 

The  motion  was  resisted  by  Mr. 
Ellice,  and  Mr.  Marryatt,  who  aiw 
guadf  that  the  West-Indiian  oolo« 
nkuB  thou^  fireed  from  some  re^ 
striction^  were  still  fettered   by 
many  reigulat»ons  imposed  with  a 
view    to    the    bene^t    of   Great 
Britain^  and  therefore  had  a  right 
to  some  protection  in  the  home 
market*    They  remained  sulgect  to 
an  ihe  restrictions  regarding  the 
supply   of  British  manufactures* 
By  the  intercourse  UU  of  last  ycar» 
the  trade  was  limited  strictly  to 
some  articles  before  permitted  to  be 
Imported.    Nothing  was  bst  to  the 
Bntish  manufacturer  in  point  of 
motection — nothing  ^ned  to  the 
Weft- Indian  plantersm  pqintof  re- 
stziction.    The  protection  to  the 
fermers^and  provision-merchants  of 
Ireland  was  the  same  as  formerly 
<»*-Uiat  of  the  British  fisheries  re- 
mained untouched^  and  the  Briti^ 
diip-owners  were  still  allowed  the 
^Kclusive  carrying  trade:  restric- 
tions which  were  eictremely  one- 
fpus  to  the  West-Indian  pUmtert 
imd  for  which  he  had  a  title  to  com- 
pe^»«ating  privilegest    The  result^ 
|t    was    further    argued^    of    an 
equali^atipn  of  duties  would  be  a 
gri«t  fall  in  the  price  of  sugar,  an^ 
the  ruin  of  our  colonies  and  all 
the    population    depending   upon 
them* 

Mr,  Bicardo^  on  the  contrary, 
iscmtended,  that  the  etkct  of  the 
pnmosed  alteration  would  he,  not 
to  lower  the  price  of  sugjurs  to  ^ny 
p^nsiderablo  amount^  but  to  pre- 
vent th^m  from  rising  aboyq  their 

v$4ue. 

'    Mr.     Huskisson    oppose!    the 

mptipn*     He  agreod  witb   H^^ 


Ricardo,  that,  so  longas  a  mrpliK 
of  West- Indian  su^  was  annually 
imported   into  this    country,  the 
price  of  it  in  the  market  must  be 
regulated  by  the  markets  of  the 
world :  and  the  East-Indians  were 
now  contending  for  a  measure, 
which  either  would  not  alter  the 
quantity  of  sugar  imported :  or  if 
It  did>  would  be  injurious  in  the 
end  to  the  crowert  of  it.     They 
had  already  Sxe  continent  of  Europe 
and  the  United  States  to  which 
their  sugar  might  be  sent,  and  the 
largest  export  &om  the  East  Indies 
to  all  parts  of  the  world  (excluding 
England)  in  any  one   year,  was 
about  4,000  tons,  and  (including 
England)  about  1 1,000  tons.    He 
would  ask>  what  prevented  those 
countries  of  Europe,  which  had  no 
.cohmies  of  their  own,  from  having 
been    supplied  before  now   with 
this  cheap  East-Indiw  sugar:  It 
was  notorious   that   Franco  had 
supplied  those  countries  from  JSl. 
Pomingo  ;  and  the  real  iiact  W9S^ 
that,  on  a  comparison  of  thepriceii, 
it  was  found  that  the  supply  from 
the  East  Indies  would  not  have 
oome  cheapor  into  the  Europeon 
market.    He  admitted  that,  con«» 
.sidering   the    question    abstract* 
edly,  and   without   reference  to 
the   state   ctf  things  whidi  Iuid 
grown  out  of  the  colonial  policy 
of  this  country  for  the  last  cen- 
tury^— 'the  only  point  ww,  where, 
as  consumers*  could  we  get  our 
sugars  at  the  cheapest  rate  ?    But 
he  denied  that  the  question  ough^ 
to  be  so  abstractedly  considered* 
It   was   tp   be  looked    at   With 
reference  tq   a  numbei:  of  coff^ 
plicated  circumj|tances ;    and  far 
.was   he  from  agreeing  that   the 
House  might  pi^ss  hwrd  upon  a 
West-Indian,  because  that  Westr 
Indian  happened  to  be  an  owner 
.of  dav^    Thikt  the  W^st*Ipdii» 


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wasanownerofsbTes  waanot  his 
faulty  but  bis  misfortune  :  and  if 
it  was  true  tbat  die  production  of 
slavery  was  more  costly  than  that 
of  free  labour^  that  would  be  an 
additional  reason  for  not  depriving 
him  of  the  advantage  of  his  pro- 
tecting duty.  As  for  the  bene- 
fit expected  to  accrue  to  India, 
in  the  shape  of  exbployment  for  her 
population,  from  the  removal  of 
the  duty  in  question,  Mr.  Huskis- 
son  believed  that  those  advants^es 
were  altogether  ima^ary.  Sup- 
posing — ^what  he  did  not  believe 
would  be  the  case— that  the  re- 
moval of  the  protecting  duty 
would  lead  to  an  increased  produc- 
tion of  sugar  in  India,  still  the 
persons,  who  had  been  employed 
in  manufacturing  muslins^  would 
not  turn  their  hands  to  the  cultiva^ 
tion  of  sugar.  Such  a  transfer  of 
labour  from  one  course  of  action 
to  another  would  be  difficult  in 
any  country  ;  and  in  India  the 
system  of  castes  rendered  it  almost 
impossible.     But  whatever  effect 


tion  of  this  country  at  the  lome 
two  periods.  The  produce  of 
suear  in  the  old  colonies — ^those 
ceded  to  England  before  the  year 
1763— had  been  90,000  tons  in  the 
year  1789  ;  and  the  home  con- 
sumption in  the  same  year  had 
been  70,000  tons.  The  present 
production  of  those  same  colonies 
was  140,000  tons  a  year ;  and  the 
consumption  of  En^and  now  was 
140,000  tons  a  year.  If  we  had 
retained  only  the  old  colonies, 
therefore,  our  supply  at  the  present 
moment  would  just  have  equalled 
our  demand.  He  denied  that  the 
abatement  of  duty  would  bring 
any  considerable  additional  supply 
of  sugar  from  the  East  Indies. 
Bengal,  at  the  present  time,  im- 
ported more  sugar  from  China  and 
mm  Java,  than  she  sent  to  Europe. 
Much  of  the  sugar,  almost  all 
indeed  which  now  came  from  the 
East  Indies,  came  free  of  freight 
as  ballast  to  vessels.  But  if  once 
%ve  were  to  look  to  any  thing  like 
considerable  supply,    we  must 


the  reduction  of  duly  might  have    freight  ships  with  the  article  in  a 


upon    the  East  Indies,  it  would 
have  no  operation  upon  the  price  of 
sugar,  as  regarded  the  con8um€r  in 
this  country:  for  as  long  as — ^whe- 
ther  from  Uie  East  Indies  or  the 
West — we  had  a  surplus  of  sugar, 
the  price  in  the  market  of  England 
must  be  reflated  by  the  prices  in 
t^e  generJ  market  of  the  world. 
Whether    the  East-Indian  sugar 
came  to  this  country,  or  went  at 
once  to  the  Continent,  was  a  mat- 
ter of  no  importance  to  the  home 
consumer,  as  long  as  there  was  a 
surplus  of  production.     The  right 
hon.  gentleman  then  went  into  a 
comparative  statement  of  the  quan- 
tities of  sugar  produced  by  the  old 
colonies  in  the  year  1 789  and  at 
the  present  time;  and  also  into  an 
account  of  the  different  consump- 


regular  way ;  so  that  a  consider- 
able addition  would  be  made  to  the 
price.  Mr.  Huskisson  concluded 
by  stating,  that  he  was  willing  to 
take  off  the  duty  of  5s,  which  had 
been  imposed  two  years  ago  U|^ 
a  particular  sort  of  sugar  coming 
from  the  East  Indies,  which  was 
thought  to  be  equal  to  the  clayed 
sugar  of  the  West  Indies.  Cona- 
derable  difficulty  {was  found  in 
^predating  this  particular  sugar: 
The  best  judges  were  often  unable 
to  say,  whether  it  was  a  clayed 
sugar  or  not.  To  obviate  the  in- 
convenience which  the  East-Indian 
planters  suffered  from  having  to 
send  that  sugar,  uncertain  whe- 
ther the  protecting  duty  charged 
upon  them  would  be  ten  shillings 
or  fifteen^  he  was  disposed  to  do' 


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[1» 


9way  with  that  extia  five  dulling 
iaty  altogether. 

The  motion  was  rejected  by  a 
majority  of  l6l.to  34. 
^  On  the  15th  of  May,  the  ques- 
don  of  Slavery  was  brought  before 
parliament,  by  Mr.    F.    Buxton, 
who  moved  as  a  resolution   ''  That 
the  state  of  slavery  is  repugnant 
to  the  principles  of   the  British 
Constitution,  and  of  the  Christian 
leli^n,  and  that  it  ought  to  be 
ahc£shed  graduaUy  throughout  the 
British    colonies,    with  as  much 
expedition  as  may  be  found  consis- 
tent with  a  due  regard  to  the  well- 
being  of  the  parties   concerned." 
The  extinction  of  slavery,  which  he 
declared  to  be  his  object,  was  to  be 
effected  by  ordaining  that  all  negro 
diildren  bom  after  a  certain  day, 
should  be  free.    The  operation  of 
this  one  principle  would  be,  that 
davery  would  bum  itself  down 
into  its  socket  and  go  out     ^^  At 
present,"  said  he, "  we  have  in  our 
cokmies,  a  certain  body  of'  slaves. 
This  will  be  reduced  l^  all  casual- 
ties ;  but  it  will  not  be  replenish- 
ed   and  re-inforced  by  any  new 
recruits.       The  number    is  now 
about  a  million.     Next  year,  that 
number  will  be  somewhat  abated. 
In  ten  years  time,  it  will  be  visi- 
bly diminished.      In  twenty  or 
tlurty  yeand  time,  ^  ^®  young, 
itke  vigorous,  and  those  rising  into 
life,  will  be  free ;  and  the  slaves 
win  be  those  who  have  passed  the 
meridian  of  their  days— who  are 
declining  into  age — the  old  and  the 
decrepid.     Every  year,  then,  will 
malce  a  considerable  change;  every 
child  bom  will  increase  the  one 
body — every  slave  dyins  will  re- 
duce the    other.     A    few    years 
further  and  you  will   find,  only 
here  and  there,  scattered  over  the 
face  of  the  country,  a  remnant  of 
riavery.  A  very  few  years  further. 


he  too  will  have  followed  his 
brethreui  and  slavery  will  be  no 
more."  This  course  had  been 
adoptedin  New  York,  Ceylon,  fien^- 
coolen.  Saint  Helena  and  Colombia* 
In  had  been  successfulevety  where;, 
and  would  be  equally  successful  in 
our  West-Indian  islands. 

"  This,"  said  Mr.  Buxton,  "is  the 
main  point.  It  secures,  a  distant, 
indeed,  but  a  certain  extinction  of 
slavery.  And  I  give  notice  to  his 
majesty's  ministers-^I  give  notice 
to  the  gentlemen  connected  wiUi 
the  West  Indies,  that  if  they  con- 
cede every  thing  else,  but  withhold 
this,  we  shall  not  relax  in  our 
exertions.  The  public  voice  is 
with  us  ;  and  I,  for  one,  will  never 
DeuIto  caJl  upon  the  public,  loudly 
to  express  their  opinion,  till  justice 
has  so  far  prevailed  as  to  pronounce 
that  every  child  is  entitled  to 
Uberty." 

With  respect  to  the  ft^iating 
slaves,  he  admitted  that  he  could 
not  call  for  their  emancipation; 
but  the  only  reason  was,  tlmt  they 
t^ere  unfit  for  the  eiyoyment  oi 
freedom.  If  he  deemed  them  ripe 
for  deliverance,  his  moderation,  he 
confessed,  would  be  but  smalL 
That  night,  for  once  and  for  ever, 
he  should  propose  to  strike  off 
their  chains ;  nor  would  he  wait 
one  moment,  from  the  conc^tion 
that  the  masters  had  the  least 
shadow  of  a  title  to  their  persons. 
But  the  slave  was  not  ripe  for  li- 
berty ;  and  all  that  could  be  done 
for  him  was  to  mitigate  the  severi- 
ties of  his  condition.  The  im- 
provements which  Mr.  Buxton 
called  for,  and  which  he  had  pre- 
viously communicated  to  the  go- 
vernment, were — that  the  slaves 
should  be  attached  to  the  island, 
and,  under  modifications,  to  the 
soil — ^that  they  should  cease  to  be 
chattels  in  the  eye  of  the  law-* 


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laS]     ANNUAL   R£6Ii9ITEH,.1823. 


Ait  tlittr  tittbaoay  duMild  1m  re* 
ttttved^  quantum  valeai'^th»t,  wlien 
any  one  laid  in  hx»  clcdm  to 
the  sgrvicet  of  a  negro,  tlie  anus 
fuvbandi  should  rest  on  the  daim- 
antvn^hat  all  obstructiooB  to  manu-» 
nnflnons  should  be  removed-r-that 
the  provisions  of  the  Spanish  law 
(fixing  by  competent  authority  the 
value  of  the  slar^  and  allowing 
him  to  purchase  a  day  at  a  time,) 
should  be  introduced — ^that  no  go- 
vernor, judge,  or  attorney-general 
diould  be  a  slave<K)wner — that  an 
efiS^etual  provision  should  be  made 
for  the  i?eliglous  instruction  of  the 
idaves^-that  marriage  shonld  be 
i^oroed  and  sanotioncd — that  the 
Sunday  du>uld  be  devoted  by  the 
«laye  to  repose  and  religious  in* 
utruction;  and  that  other  time 
should  be  allotted  for  the  culti* 
yfitian  of  his  provi8ion«grounds— * 
that  some  (but  what,  he  could  not 
flay)  tn^asures  should  be  taken,  to 
restriun  the  authority  of  the  mas* 
ter  (n  punishing  his  untried  slave, 
and  that  some  substitute  should 
be  found  for  the  driving-system. 

$ueh  was  the  substance  of  Mr. 
F.  Ptixton's  speech.  These  topics, 
however,  were  intermingled  with 
abundant  declamation  against  sla- 
Tery«*4o^ici^  and  scriptural  de- 
monstrations 9f  its  unreasonable- 
nefls^^-49^  pictures  of  the  cruelties 
with  whi(&  it  once  was,  or  still 
ipight  be  polluted. 

Mr.  Coining,  after  deprecating 
the  introduction  of  the  many  de- 
olamatory  topics,  and  particularly 
4if  the  delineations  of  cruelties 
that  hfid  long  ceased,  into  the  dis- 
ijussion  of  so  fearful  a  question, 
iKmtended,  that  the  proposed  reso- 
lution proceeded  upon  a  principle, 
which,  though  true  in  one  sense, 
was  not  true  in  the  meaning  in 
.^hich  it  was  here  used.      The 

.British  conititutioA  mi  the  Chrfs* 


tUn  rdigkm  were,  jb  their  sMl 
unfavourable  to  davery,  anahsa 
a  natural  influence  hostile  to  it : 
but  neither  that  constitution  nor 
that  reEgion   prohibited  slavery. 
The    name    of  Christiamty,   he 
thought,  ought  not  to  be   thui 
used,  unless  we  were  prqiaied  to 
act  in  a  much  more  summary  miiw 
ner,  'than  even  Mr.  Buxton  had 
proposed*      If    the    existence  of 
slavery  were   repugnant   to  tl^ 
principles  of  the   British  consti* 
tution  and  of  the  Christian  reli^ 
gion,    how  could   he  consent  to 
pause  even  for  an  instant,  or  to 
allow  any  considerations  of  pro* 
dence  to  intervene  between  him 
and  his  object?     How  could  he 
propose  to  divide  slaves  into  two 
classes;  one  of  which  was  to  be 
made  free  directly,,  while  he  left 
the  other  to  the  jzradual  extinction 
of  their  state  of  suffering?    But 
if  the  British  constitution  did  not, 
in  its  necessary  operation,  go  to 
extingaish  slavery  in  every  o3iaoy, 
it  was  evident  that  the  hon.  gen- 
tleman's proposition  was  not  to  be 
understood  in  the   precise   sense 
which  he  gave  to  it;  and  if  the 
Christian  reli^on  did  not  require 
the  instant  and  unqualified  aholi* 
tion  of   slavery,  it  was   equally 
clear  that  tho  hon.  member  had 
mis-stated  in  his   re^lution  the 
principle  upon  which  he  himsdf 
was  satisfied  to  act.     But  while 
Mr.   Canning  contended    against 
the  literal  sense,  and  too  positive 
language,  of  Mr.  Buxton's  wor 
lution ;  and  while  ho  declared  his 
unwillingness  to  adopt  it  as  the 
basis  of  our  proceedings ;  be  beg- 
ged not  to  be  misunderstood  as  Quar- 
relling with  the  intentitm  of  the 
mover.    He  adniittcd  as  fully  •» 
the  hon.  gentleman  h^selC  that 
the  spirit  both  of  the  Britisli  con- 
stitutjion  And  of  the  Christian  re- 


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HISTORY  OF  EUftOPE. 


cm 


Ugion  is  in  .fiiyour  of  a  gradual 
€!zteniiiiiation  of  this  unquestioned 
evil:  and  professed  himself  ready  to 
proceed  to  all  reasonable  and  prac- 
ticable measures  for  that  purpose. 
The  plan,  however,  of  fixing  a 
day  from  which,  all  children  of 
slaves  bom  subsequently  were  to 
be  free,  did  not  appear  to  him  of 
that  kind:  and  to  it,  therefore,  he 
was  decidedly  opposed.  At  the 
same  time,  he  abjured  the  princi- 
pie  of  perpetual  slavery  ;  express- 
ing a  distinct  opinion,  that  the 
progeny  of  slaves  must  not  be 
^ves  eternally,  though  he  was 
not  prepared  to  state  in  what  way 
he  would  set  about  the  accomplish- 
ment of  the  object.  To  some  of  the 
points  referred  to^  by  the  hon. 
mover,  Mr.  Canning  did  not  re- 
fuse his  concurrence.  "For  in- 
stance," said  the  secretary  for 
fordgn  affiurs,  "he  asks,  if  the 
,present  mode  of  working — ^that 
which  is  described  by  the  term, 
driving — the  slaves,  by  means  of 
a  cart-whip  in  the  hand  of  one 
who  follows  them,  ought  to  be  al- 
lowed? I  reply,  certainly  not. 
But  I  go  further :  in  raising  any 
ckss  of  persons  from  a  servile  to  a 
civil  condition,  one  of  the  first 
principles  of  improvement  is  in 
the  observance  paid  to  the  differ- 
ence of  sexes ;  and  I  would  there- 
fore abolish,  with  respect  to  fe- 
males, the  use  of  the  whip,  not 
only  as  a  stimulant  to  labour  in 
the  field,  but  altogether  as  an  in- 
stromentof  punishment — thus  sav- 
ing the  weaker  sex  from  indecency 
anddegradation.  I  should  further  be 
inclined  to  concur  with  the  hon. 
gentleman  as  to  the  insufficiency 
m  the  time  allowed  to  the  negroes 
for  religious  and  moral  instruction, 
so  long  as  the  cultivation  of  his 
provision-ground  and  his  market- 
ing occupy  the  greater  part  of 
Vol.  LXV. 


the  sabbath."  These  were  pcntta 
on  which  Mr.  Canning  had  no 
hesitation ;  but  there  were  some 
others  requiring  more  mature  coni* 
sideration  in  practice,  although,  in 
principle,  he  felt  himself  bound  to 
say,  that  he  agreed  with  the 
mover.  He  agreed  with  him  in 
thinking,  that  what  is  now  oonsi^ 
dered,  bj^  custom,  and  in  point  of 
fact^j^  property  of  the  negro, 
ou|^  to  be  secured  to  him  by  kw 
— «iat  it  would  be  beneficialj  if 
the  liberty  of  bequest  were  as-^ 
sured  to  him  (perhaps  it  might  be 
made  conditional  upon  marriage) 
•^that  it  might  perhaps  be  desir* 
able  to  do  something  with  regard 
to  the  admitting  the  evidence  of 
negroes— -that  the  process  of  the 
wnt  of  venditioni  exponas^  by 
which  the  slaves  are  sold  separate- 
ly from  the  estates,  ought,  if  pos» 
sible,  to  be  aboUshed.  **Th^ 
one  thing,"  added  Mr.  Canning, 
"which  f  am  most  anxious  to 
avoid,  is  the  declaration  of  any 
pledge  of  an  abstract  nature ;  the 
laying  down  any  principle,  the 
construction  of  whicn  is  to  be  lei); 
to  those  whose  feelings  and  preju- 
dices,  and  passions,  must  naturally 
be  awake  to  these  discussions,  and 
who,  when  they  learn  by  a  declara- 
tion of  this  House,  that  'the  con- 
tinuance of  slavery,  and  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  Christian  religion, 
aro  incmnpatible,'  miglit  ima^ne 
they  saw  in  such  a  dedaration, 
what,  in  abstract  reasoning,  they 
would  be  fairly  entitled  to  see  in 
it-Ltheir  own  immediate  and  un« 
qualified  emancipation.  Lay 'down 
such  principles  I  say,  and  those 
persons  would  have  a  right  to 
draw  that  condtmon,  and  when 
the  House  had  once  made  such  a 
declaration,  the  qualification  would 
come  too  late."  He  was,  there; 
fore,  peculiarlv  desirous,  that  the 


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laO]    ANNaJAL  UEXlIgTBB^   1823. 


AtM^iflcitiiM  lOMia  be  embo^ 
mb  mme  rote  which  affinoed  the 
jprindple^  and  thst  nothiiig  should 
he  left  to  inference  and  oonstnic- 
lion :  that  even  the  hopes  held  out 
for  the  future  should  be  qualified 
wiihthe  doubts,  with  the  delays, 
and  with  the  ^Uffioulties  to  be  sur^ 
mounted,  before  they  could  jXMdbly 
be  realized.  In  tlus  s^nrit,  and 
^ih  this  view,  he  submitted  to 
the  House  three  resc^utions:— 

1.  That  it  is  expedient  to  adopt 
effectual  and  decinve  measures  ua 
ameliorating  the  condition  of  the 
slave  popuution  of  his  Majesty's 
colonies: 

8.  That,  tiirough  a  determined 
and  vigorous,  but  at  the  tame  time 
Judicious  and  temperate,  enforce- 
ikient  of  such  measures,  this  House 
looks  forward  to  a  nrogresdve  im* 
provement  in  the  character  of  the 
slave  population,  such  as  may  pre- 
pare diem  for  a  participation  in 
thote  civil  rights  and  privilege* 
which  are  enjoyed  by  otber  cla^ 
of  his  Majesty's  sutjects : 
~  S.  That  this  House  is  anxious 
for  the  accompliiihment  of  these 
purposes  at  the  earliest  period  that 
hiay  be,  consistently  with  thewel* 
tare  of  the  slaves  themselves,  the 
Well-being  of  the  colonies,  and  a 
fUr  and'equitaUe  consideration  of 
the  state  cf  property  therein. 

A  long  debate  followed,  in  which 
Mr.WilbcrfbrcfeandMr.Bfourfiam> 
Mr.  Ellis,  Mr.  Marryatt,  and  Mr. 
Baring  took  si  share.  Mr.  Can* 
nin^s  resolutions  were  ad<^[ited 
without  a  division. 

The  dispo^on,  which  the  go^ 
vemment  showed  on  this  occasion, 
to  yidd  much,  if  not  every  thing, 
to  the  ultra-abolitionists,  produced 
a  very  deep  impresnon  on  those 
who  were  intererted  in  the  sugar 
colonies,  and  had  even  a  very  un« 
finVonrable  efiect  on  the  value  of 


West-Iodi^pniperty.  Stfllgpcitir 
was  the  alam  spt&ad  in  tlieeolo>' 
nies  themsdve^;  espeoMDj  whts 
they  found,  that  the  ministry  w«re 
xesolved  to  cause  the  reaoltttiaiis 
voted  by  tiie  House  of  Commons 
to  be  carried  into  efifect,  and  thsit 
with  this  view,  a  circolar,  dated 
the  24th  of  May,*  had  been  sent 
>'  ■ «  ■  ■■  ■       ■  ^  ■■ 

•  The  following  is  a  copy  of  tbis  cir- 
cular, against  which  so  much  clamour 
was  raited. 

"Colonial-Office,  Downlng-strec^, . 
May  24, 1823. 

*'  I  take  the  earliest  opportniii^  tf 
eommunicating  to  you  the  reiolutioa^ 
which  were  unanimously  agreed  to  hjr 
the  House  of  Commons  on  the  15ta 
instant;  and  in  order  that  yon  ms? 
better  understand,  not  onl^  the  geneial 
impression  of  the  House  in  coming  to 
these  resolutions,  but  more  particularly 
the  principles  which  have  guided  his 
Majesty^  Government  in  prope^ftf 
them,  and  which  will  continue  to  guide 
them  in  the  measures  to  be  adopted  ftr 
the,  ftirtherance  of  the  important  ob- 
jects to  which  they  relate,  I  have  enr 
closed  the  best  report  that  1  can  pro- 
cure, although  it  may  not  be  altogether 
a  correct  one,  ef  the  speech  of  Mtk 
Secretary  Canning. 

"  I  do  not  propose,  ia  tWe  despatiA. 
to  call  your  immediate  attention  to  all 
the  suljects  to  which  that  speech  refers; 
but  to  confine  myself  to  one  of  tboife 
points,  oa  which  I  have  not  found  that 
any  diflference  of  opinion  exists,  and 
which,  being  simple  in  its  nature,  may 
be  at  once  adopted,  vis.— An  absolute 
prohibition  to  inflict  the  punishmeat  Si 
flogging,  under  any  circufcstanoes,  upoi 
female  slaves.  The  system  of  totiiort^ 
ting  the  condition  of  slaves,  to  wbi^ 
his  Miyesty's  Government  stand  pledged 
by  these  resolutions,  cannot  better  cW 
mence  tiian  by  ttie  adoption  of  a  pito*: 
ple«  which,  in  makroga  distinctioB « 
treatment  between  male  and  feawie 
slaves,  cannot  flOl  to  nusc  this  unfor^ 
tunate  class  generally  above  their  pre- 
sent degraded  level,  and  to  restore  tS 
the  feihale  slaves  that  sense  of  sfaanmi 
which  is  at  once  the  ornament  and  vt^ 
tection  of  their  sex,  and  which  theU' 
present  mode  «f  punishment  has  tenM 
so  unfortunately  to  weaken,  if  not  te  oi- 
litsiate^         ^ 


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HISTORY  OP  lUKOFE. 


[tai 


bf  Lard  BfldMuit^  t0  the  fimotk^ 
ariet  of  tiie  diffisent  isbndB,  xe-* 
eBtameaadmg  or  rather  oommaiid- 
mg  Ihat  tM  use  of  ihe  whip  in 
liie  fields  and  the  praeCiee  of  {»»* 
niiiiiiig  female  slaves  by  QogffBg, 
Aoold  be  aholidied.  Ilie  disgsee, 
iirwhxdi  the  Britidi  goTemment 
aemed  disposed  to  interfere  di« 
i9c%  between  the  skire  and  his 
maater,  was  in  itself  odious  to  the 
planters ;  the  ^xxroect  of  iincea&« 
ing  fntare  interterence>  egdin^ 
filnlly  in  emancipation,  was  stifi' 
move  mpleasing  to  them;  and 
tbew  monds  of  dissatisfaction 
were  stm  further  increased  hy  the 
dot'  unreasonable  apprehensions/ 
whidi    they  entertained,  of  the 


*  ''I  dicmld  therefore  have  oommunU 
alsd  to  yott  his  M^jetlv'e  command^ 
Ihat  the  pfimithment  of  Aogging  should 
lor  tbeiutiire  cease  with  respect  to  fe« 
OAle  slaves,  had  I  not  been  desirous 
that  the  prohibition  should  proceed 
ftmn  the  Court  of  Policy,  as  I -am  un« 
vttfing  to  deprive  them  of  the  satisfiio- 
fioa  which  I  am  sure  they  will  feel  in 
origiiiating  and  supporting  a  measure 
vhicfa  has  heexk  approved  of  by  all 
dasses. 

''With  respect  to  the  practice  of 
drif  ing  the  slaves  to  their  woric  by  the 
semid  of  the  whip,  and  to  ^e  arbitrary 
Infliction  of  it  by  the  driver  as  a  stimu- 
h»  to  labour,  I  am  equally  disposed  to 
tmsttt)  the  Court  of  Policy  to  originate 
aMMurea  for  Uie  cessation  of  this  pWu:- 
ticc^  whioh  I  need  not  state  must  be  re- 
pucdiBt  to  the  feelhigs  of  every  indi- 
vtotflU  in  this  country^  I  am  aware  that 
a  neeenity  may  exist  for  retaining  the 
pmishflient  of  flogging  with  respect  to 
SMileei  thou|^,  at  tbe  same  time,  It 
shauU  be  sobjeet  to  defined  regulations 
and  sestrictions ;  but,  as  an  immediate- 
measure^  I  cannot  too  strongly  recom- 
mend that  the  whip  should  no  longer  be 
Arried  into  the  field,  and  there  dis- 

ej^  by  the  driver  aa  the  emblem  of 
autlMMrity,  or  employed  as  the  ready 
instnifnent  of  his  displeasure.  I  have 
the  honour  to  be,  Sir,  your  most  obe- 
^fent  aervnnt* 

(Signed)      «BATHUR8T.'' 


insubotdiaatioa  «ad  iamanttoiSea,- 
which  mi^t  be  excited  aniding  the 
negroes,  by  a  knowledge  or  mis* 
nqnesentation  of  the  views  and 
plana  of  parliament  for  the  ^present 
mitigation  and  ultimate  extmction 


of  slavery. 

Thefeeling|8of  theresident  We8t«- 
Indian  propnetors  were  atrongly 
cKsplayed  in  the  House  of  Assem^ 
bly  m  Jamaica.  Intimations  were 
^ere  thrown  out^  that  the  idanda 
would  assert  their  independence^/ 
if  the  mother  country  ahould  perw 
sist  in  a  parliamentary  l^^islat^pn, 
interfering  with  their  internal  con-r 
oems.  One  of  the  niember8>  a: 
Mr.  Barrett,  recommended  an  ad- 
dress to  liis  ma^estv  tar  the  removal 
of  lord  Bathurst  nom  his  councils. 
A  bill  was  intifoduced  for  the  re* 
peal  of  the  Registry  act ;  proceed* 
log  not  so  mom  on  the  around  of 
any  imputed  mischiefs  iimexent  in 
the  act  itself,  as  frcmi  a  desire  oi 
fancied  retaliation  upon  the  aholi* 
tionists  for  proseoutmg,  and^  still, 
more,  upon  the  ministers  for  ooun- 
tenandng,  projectsof  emancipation, 
contrary  to  the  assurances^  whichj 
it  was  8aid>  had  been  given  to  the 
colonists,  that,  after  the  regisUy 
measure  should  have  been  carried 
into  effect,  parliament  would  in« 
termeddle  no  further  with  their 
rig^ts^ 

The  House  cf  Assembly  had 
ajqpointed  a  committee  to  inquire, 
what  steps  were  >  necessary  to  be 
takoi,  in  consequence  of  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  House  of  Commons 
and  the  ministers,  on  the  subject 
rf  slavery.  The  report  of  this 
committee,  after  mentioning  the 
resdbitions  prt^iosed  by  Mr.  Can- 
ning, stated, ''  That  his  maj^'a 
ministers  had,  by  those  resolutioofl^ 
sanctioned  the  principles  laid  down 
by  the  enemies  of  the  colonies  in 
the  mothw  country,  and  pledged 


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Ida]     ANNUAL  REGISTER.  1823. 


tlieiiuielves  to  enforce  such  mea- 
suies  as  should  tend  ultimately  to 
the  final  extinction  of  slaveiy  in 
the  British  colonies ;  that  the 
ministers,  in  their  conferences  with 
the  agent  of  the  island^  had  refused 
to  acknowledge  any  claim  to  com- 
pensation for  the  injuries  the  colo- 
nies would  sustain  in  the  mere  en- 
deavour to  carry  the  scheme  of 
emancipation  into  effect;  that  by 
this  recusal  the  ministers  showed 
an  inclination,  not  only  to  dispose 
of  the  proper^  of  the  colonists 
without  their  consent,  but  even  to 
violate  the  common  rules  of  ho« 
nesty ;  and  that  the  House  ought 
to  adopt  the  most  firm,  strong,  and 
constitutional  measures,  to  preserve 
to  the  inhabitants  of  the  island 
those  rights  which  had  been  trans- 
mitted to  them  firora  their  ancestors." 

Upon  this  report  the  House  of 
Assembly,  in  the  month  of  Decem- 
ber, immediately  before  the  dose 
of  their  session,  voted  unanimously 
the.  following  resolutions  :— 

'^  That  the  patient  endurance, 
with  which  the  people  of  this  island 
have,  for  years  past,  struggled 
against  pecuniary  difficulties,  proves 
how  much  they  are  disposed  to 
submit  to,  -where  the  evil  arises 
from  inevitable  causes,  or  from 
circumstances  affecting  the  general 
interests  of  the  empire.  But  this 
House  would  be  unmindful  of  their 
duty,  were  they  not  to  protest 
most  solemnly  against  the  conti- 
nuance of  heavy  and  ruinous  taxa- 
tion on  the  produce  of  their  soil, 
at  a  time  when  the  demands  of  a 
state  of  warfare  can  no  longer  be 
urged  in  its  defence,  and  the  bless- 
ings of  restored  tranquillity  have 
b^  extended  to  their  fellow-sub- 
jects in  the  mother  country. 

'^  That  this  House  cannot  con- 
template without  sensations  of  as- 
tonishment, and  the  most  serious 


appiie^ension,  the  measures  wfakh 
have  been  adopted  by  the  Com- 
mons House  of  Parliament  in  thebe 
unanimous  vote  of  the  15th  of 
May  last :  as  if  the  machinations 
of  a  powerful  and  interested  party 
were  not  sufficiently  active  for  the 
work  of  destruction,  the  sanction 
ci  ministerial  autbcni^  has  beeo 
made  subservient  to  their  view^ 
and  a  decree  has  gone  forth,  where^ 
by  the  inhabitants  of  this  ooce 
valuable  colony  (hitherto  esteemed 
the  brightest  jewel  in  the  British 
crown)  are  destined  to  be  oflfered 
a  propitiatory  sacrifice  at  the  altar 
of  fanaticism. 

''  That  this  House,  composed  of 
the  representatives  of  the  people, 
are  bound  to  guard  the  rights  of 
their  constituents  against  every  eo- 
deavour  that  may  be  made  to  in- 
fringe upon  them :  they  pause,  in 
awnil  expectation  of  the  conse- 
quences which  must  result  from 
the  threatened  innovation,  and 
whilst  they  wait  the  event,  they 
are  prepared  to  meet  it ;  the  blocd 
which  flows  in  their  veins  is  Bri- 
tish blood,  and  their  hearts  are 
animated  with  the  same  fearless 
determination,  which  enabled  their 
ancestors  to  resist,  with  succes^ 
every  encroachment  of  despotic 
power. 

''  That  the  enactment  of  laws 
for  the  internal  regulations  of  the 
island  is  exclusively  the  province 
of  the  local  legislature,  subject  to 
the  sanction  and  approval  of  his 
majesty.  This  House,  however, 
will  at  all  times  receive,  with  at- 
tention and  respect,  any  suggestion 
of  his  majesty's  ministers,  relating 
to  legislation,  when  offered  in  a 
consistent  and  becoming  manner* 
and  will  be  ready  to  f^opt  sudi 
regulations  as  can  be  introduced 
without  hazard,  and  may  appear 
likely  to  promote  the  welfare  of 


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HISTORY  OF  EUROPE. 


[133 


t|^  idand ;  but  this  House  caiinot 
jie^  to  any  measure  proposed  for 
their  consideration^  when  the  un-* 
qnaMed  ri^t  of  rejection  is  de- 
nied, however  specious  the  object 
maj  be^  or  however  high  the  au« 
dknity  fieom  which  it  emanates. 

^  That  this  House,  impressed 
wiUi  a  due  sense  of  their  own  dig- 
nity, and  the  xnt^;xity  of  the  colo- 
mal  diaracter,  set  at  nought  the 
malicious  and  unfounded  aspersions 
whidi  have  been  cast  upon  the  in- 
halntants  of  Jamaica:  proud  of 
iSkdr  attachment  to  his  majesty, 
Mb.  family  and  government^— de- 
voted to  Uie  interests  of  those  they 
rmresent,  and  alive  to  the  impulses 
or  homanity— the  House  n^d  no 
Pharisaical  dictation  to  promote 
them  to  thedischarge  of  then:  duty; 
but,  if  lek  to  their  own  guidance, 
steacUly  pursue  that  line  of  con- 
duct which  comports  with  the 
loyalty  of  their  f eelincs,  their  re- 
giffd  to  the  safety,  honour,  and 
welfare  of  the  island,  and  the  peace 
and  hajminess  of  their  feUow-sub- 
jeets  and  dependents." 

They  also  voted  an  address  to 
the  duke  of  Manchester,  the  gover- 
nor, which  showed  their  determi- 
nation not  to  adopt  any  new  re- 
gulations in  their  slave  code. 
•*  The  House,"  said  they,  in  this 
«3dres8,  '^  in  comfdiance  with  their 
answer  to  the  speedi  your 
Orace  was  pleased  to  make  at  the 
opening  oi  the  present  session, 
have  proceeded  to  a  deliberate  and 
careful  revisbn  of  the  consolidated 
dave  law,  and  find  it  as  complete 
in  all  its  enactments  as  the  nature 
of  circumstances  will  admit,  to 
render  the  slave  population  as 
happy  and  comfortable  in  every 
reject  as  the  labouring  class  of 
any  part  of  the  worm.  This 
House  also  most  solemnly  assures 
your  ^racei  that  they  will  at  all 


times  be  ready  (if  left  to  tkem- 
selves)  to  watch  and  take  advan- 
tage of  every  opportunity  of  pro-' 
moting  the  reumous  and  moral 
improvement  of  the  slaves,  and  to 
mi^Le  such  ameliorating  enactments 
as  may  be  consistent  with  their 
happiness  and  the  general  safety 
of  the  colony ;  but,  under  the  cri- 
tical circumstances  in  which  the 
colony  is  now  placed,  by  reason  of 
the  late  proceeding  in  the  British 
parliament,  the  House  think  the 
present  moment  peculiarly  unfa- 
vourable fcr  discussion,  wluch  may 
have  a  tendency  to  unsettle  the 
minds  of  the  Negro  population, 
which,  the  House  have  the  greatest 
reason  to  believe,  is  at  pretent  per- 
fectly quiet  and  contented." 

In  the  council,  and  the  House 
of  Assembly  of  Barbadoes,  the 
measures  of  government  met  with 
an  opposition  not  less  firm,  thAigh 
more  mild  and  conciliating  in  tone. 
But  the  general  temper  of  the 
community  was  stron^y  exhibitied 
in  the  circumstances  of  an  outrage, 
which  wais  perpetrated  against  an 
individual  connected  with  the  sup- 
posed enemies  of  the  colonies  at 
home.  A  missionaiy  of  the  name 
of  Shrewsbury  was  suspected  of 
having  sent  home  to  the  society, 
by  wmch  he  was  employed,  state- 
ments highly  injurious  to  the 
moral  character  of  the  lower 
classes  of  the  white  population  of 
Barbadoes,  whom  he  represented 
as  bred  up  in  ignorance  of  Christ- 
ianity, and  incapable,  from  their 
depraved'habits,  of  acquiring  any 
knowledge  of  its  doctrines.  The 
people,  sheeted  by  these  supposed 
accounts,  having  obtained  what 
they  considered  sufiicient  evidence 
of  the  charge,  their  first  proceeding 
was  to  repair  in  a  body  to  the 
chapel  in  which  Mr.  Shrewsbury 
officiated;  provided  with  cat-caUi 


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t84]     ANNTUAL   REGISTER,    1823. 

wbA  odMT  noiff  iaitnmieult, 
whidi  ^kf&3^  employea  in  the  nmt 
irUent  maimer^  m  ^e  mipon  of 
•onpdUng  hba  to  quit  tlie  -patfit, 
tnd  dttiit  fram  the  perfernumoe  of 
kbdoty.  All  their  efiortt,  how- 
•ter^wetetuuTBiUiig;  the  preacher 
h^  Ua  poit  unmovedy  waited 
with  coliimeM  dH  the  annoyancea 
tt90CQ,f  asd  tiacn  proceeded  wtth 
his  functioiif.  Finding  it  impoa* 
lifak  h^  this  mode  to  drive  him 
firamhif  poit,  they  had  the  auda* 
city  to  invite>  hy  written  placards, 
tfKpenoosa^gnefed,  t^assemhle 
•n  the  fioUowmg  evening.  Having 
met  at  the  appointed  time,  they 
pMoeeded  to  demoHsh  the  meetings 
AQUie  in  which  Mr.  Shrewsbn^ 
officiated ;  and  after  they  had  ao* 
mmpUkfA  tUs  so  efieotually  that 
aot  a  hntk  or  piece  of  timl^  was 
hft  standing,  they  dispened  quietly 
p»  %heir  several  homes.  A  pxo* 
ghmation  was  issued  the  following 
day  hy  sir  Henry  Warde,  offering 
a  reward  of  lOOt  for  the  diaoovery 
pf  any  of  the  actors  in  the  attack 
on  the  eoDgrmtkm^touse  of  Mr. 
Shrewsbury;  hut  this  was  immep- 
diatdy  followed  by  a  connter^p]a» 
card  on  the  pert  of  the  rioters, 
iMatinsthat  ''the  sood  people  of 
Barfaadoes  would  tdke  oare  ^y  to 
punifh  such  person  or  persons  as 
should  make  any  discovery/'  and 
warninffall  missionaries  to  avoid 
their  shores.  Mr.  Shrewsbury 
thouffht  it  prudent  to  fly  ftom  the 


thouffhi 
.'ffandi 


That  the  apprehensions  of  dan* 
gar  cntfttained  by  the  pknters 
were  for  frofii  groundless,  was 
proved  too  well  by  the  events 
wlueh  happened  in  Demeranu 
Thcre>  aa  in  the  other  ooknies»  the 
inl^elliraice  of  the  pariiamentaiy 
^paocefdings  produced  oonsiteable 
alarm.  Allfaoug^  the  ookmial 
nvwqppsn  wero  prohibited  ftuoi 


toueUng  on  die  aahject,  it  wil 
welUmown  among  the  negro  po^ 
polatioa  that  measurea  for  their 
benefit  were  goin^  forward ;  and 
the  general  opimon  among  the 
whites  was,  that  die  wisest  ooum 
for  the  cdkmial  authorities  woidd 
he;  to  take  some  steps  immediatdy 
in  aoocnidance  with  the  widies  of 
the  government  at  home.  Tfaii^ 
it  was  expected,  would  be  done  at 
the  ftnt  meeting  of  die  oourt  ik 
poHoy,  which  was  looked  forwarfl 
to  with  so  muoh  anxiety,  diat  tm|(- 
sons  r^aired  to  the  oapital  ftott 
almost  every  estate,  in  order  thift 
diey  midit  know  definitively  what 
eourse  they  were  to  pursue  towstdl 
their  daves. 

The  Court  met,  and  after  haviitf 
fxintinued  its  sittings  for  sefssal 
days,  separated  without  havtsg 
taken  or  promulgated  any  tasa* 
sure.  An  adjourned  meeting  wai 
held  a  fortnight  afterwards,  lUil 
Was  eqm^  inefifeotuid.  A  dmd 
ac^oumed  meeting  took  pbne  to 
no  better  purpose.  It  vnu  now 
understood,  however,  that  theie 
was  a  difib:ence  of  opinion  among 
die  members  of  the  oourt;  forditt 
some  of  those,  who  were  ejttensife 
proprietors,  argued  that  every  ooi^ 
cession  to  the  slave  population  was 
so  much  taken  focmi  the  value  of 
thdr  property,  ai^  was  leading  to 
the  absolute  destructioa  of  it;  ani 
that  it  was  better  to  oorreypj 
with  the  government  befoiv  tafcn^ 
any  step,  and  perhaps,  on  repce- 
jsentadon,  the  matter  ndg^t  be 
abandoned  entirely.  Thus,  the 
Court  of  Policy,  after  meeting  te 
the  third  tim^  rose  without  dmflg 
any  thing— «t  least  without  eltto 
public  or  private  oommunicati^ 
on  the  sul^ject,  or  on  the  result  of 
their  dtttngs.  In  diis  situatifm> 
and  during  these  proMcted  dis- 
goasioaiv  ievefal  of  the  pvopiecof^ 


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HIStORr  OV  BUBOPS. 


CJW 


«i  Aam  «^  hid  4i6 
flf  Mliteiy  abdiflhed  on  their 
ifsedfephttlttiiNw  the  un  of  the 
viifiii  die  ^Idinthehtiidf  of 
lkdiif«r,  and  mhetitated  the  hdl 
ftrtheoaok  ofdie  whip^as  tiie 
ijjpil  tor  gam|^  to  wcnk.  Meti- 
UnooBtiiuiediiithttetate  of  ua^ 
cotuitjr  tOl  MoodAj  the  18th  of 
Ai^iut,  when  infinnnatum  wasie*- 
MM^  that  an  inauniittieii  waa 
keriaBg  oat  among  the  ^laveaoa 
WftiMtGni  coast  I  It  fint  nani^ 
teed  itfalf  at  Mabuca;  and  on 
Aildiyaamaed  a  men  deddad 
faa  on  an  estate  oalled  Le  Rea«» 
itanaov  the  negvoea  of  whid^ 
nmd  hf  fivee  two  davoa  belongs 

ate  an  adtoining  ^dantation,  wfip 
hoentakaa  inta  onetody,  and 
voe  in  the  act  of  being  canied 
U  to  their  master.  A  Ms. 
^tiskf  a  aeeltma  ntiamflpaTy  b^ 
^gag  to  die  London  Society,  re- 
MdatLeBei»uTenir,  and  was 
*-hoae  when  the  tonalt  to^ 
phfia  He  used  hit  eadeafouw 
■BteeAillj  to  leaeoe  the  maai^^er 
6m  the  negioai^  and  continued 
^^ertioas  to  induee  Asm  to  re- 
tetadicSrdnty,  till  he  himsrif 
^  by  Yioleae^  and  with  a 
"MpHi  heid  to  his  body,  driven 
««ilha  estate. 
Aa  fimt  anflpacion  ef  the  eon- 


J  in  hia  neig|Uboiirhood  had 

"■Ba  is  scale  tme  assembling  in 

lalnig^;  that  some 

(among  whom  were 

a)   wcce  pwannlgating 


g*»ofl«^fleorgaandthepaiw 
■■let  hannmg  deoved  a  general 


- ^  ^MA  was  fhistxet* 

f'^byidbenvamor,  thefeeal 

id  the  wlute  inhe> 

II   tbat  the  negroes  wen 

xonilfe&  oA  iMPdbg 


tlicir  fteodom^  liiiiTjifen  nihiiiifciia 
atlainaU^  by  afms;  and  fineU^i^ 
that  they  were  to  coDuneDcejOfsn^ 
tions  the  seme  vi^bt.  Qmml 
Murray,  the  g0vema(r>4epeittd  fimt 
<o  Ae  eenrt «  justice,  and  hsatsnad 
^Moee^  aeocmpanied  by  his  staff  end 
4  er  10  of  the  George-town  miUtifl^ 
to  the  disturbed  distnoti  .He 
£>und  serenl  ef  the  estaleais. in^ 
auneetian,  and  the  ttefe^  i 
drawn  u&in  segular  0lBidr^ 
with  cuUasse^  and  some  with  &i^ 
arms.  Hehadatiirley waththemt, 
and  endeatoured  to  persuade  tham 
^  return  to  their  werk  lUy 
^bold  him,  that  tiiey  Ymderstood  that 
their  freedem,  er  ssoie  gsod  thing 
&r  them,  had  oome  out  from  the 
long,  and  was  in  hia-  hands ;  that 
he  and  their  owaeia  together  witii- 
heid  it.;  andihut  thsy  wete  now 
detosoined  to  take  it.therasafares. 
He  exphuned  the  liruth  toj 
and  eudeafomed  to 
them ;  but  they  weeenot  aalisfiad^ 
and  Uie  oavernoe  and  hia  natty 
were  fired  on  £rbi  the  rear  of  the 
body  ef  n^^roes.  On  this  he  re- 
tieii^;  his  escqw  was  altoiiutwl 
to  be  {oevented  at  a  bridge,  wheib 
the  n^iteB  were  in  consideadble 
atrei^£;  but  partly  throudie»> 
trea^,  and  partly  from  the  ttow  ef 
&roe,  he  and  hia  escort  got  oC  In 
the  course  of  that  mght,  all  thenfti 

on  the  estates  aa&r  as  M»> 
with  only  one  eKceptaan, 

and  took  pomeswtt  of  die 
propeity-^puttiiig  the  propgietBWb 
mana^en,  ^ce.  mto  coninement^ 
and,  mmostpUces,  in  Aeatoohiu 
Thm  was  no  faumiHg  of  I 
er  caaes^  nor  any  perwnal ' 
eneept  vdiere  reastanee  was 
to  the  deliTery  of  tkefire^ffma,  in 
theeourseof  wUdi  dueeeeesseaia, 
it  is  asid,  were  k^bd,  and  twioa  as 
amny  wounded*  The 
an  hift  mun  to  the  tom^  ] 


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W}      ANNUAL  RE  G I  ST  EK,   1828. 

iagy  a  deteldBBht'Qf  the^Gaoifao? 
town  brigade  of  militia  sueceoded 
in  coming  up  wi^^  and  dcifealing 
a  stzong  part]r  of  tiie  rdids  at 
Plantation  Elixabetii  Hall,  who 
were  compelled  to  retreat  immc- 
diately,  widi  the  loss  of  about  40 
killed  and  many  wounded.  In  the 
mean  time>  a  strong  detachment, 
composed  of  the  ^Ist  Fualeen, 
and  the  Geoig&-town  brigade  of 
milLtia^  -under  the  command  of 
lientenaat-oobnel  T#ahy,  proceeds 
ed  up  the  coast  on  Tuesda3revenin^, 
and  arriyed  at  Chateau  Mango 
about  nine  o'clock.  Leanng  a  few 
of  the  21st  and  soMe  miEtia  at 
that  place,  the  lieuteoant-odoiiel 
puDhi^  forward  with  the  remainder 
of  his  detachment  (strenfftheaed  by 
a  ride  company,  and  twen^ 
caloured  miUtia,  who  had  joined 
him  on  diemarch)  upon  Lusignsn, 
whece  the  rebels  wove  reported  to 
be  assembled  in  considerable  fimse. 
In  releasing  the  whites  upona  plan* 
tation  called  Better  Hop^  a  few 
shots  were  exchanged,  some  ains 
taken,  and  five  cnr  six  negroes  killed. 
The  detachment  procee&d,  liheiat* 
ingthe  white  people  on  the  difierent 
estates  as  they  advanced,  leaviag 
small  parties  ateach  to  maintatn  the 
communication ;  and  they  -  anrived 
about  three  o'clock  in  the  morning 
of  Wednesday,  at  Plantalnm  Bache- 
lor's Adventure,  the  rendeevousof 
the  disaiBected,  who  were  in  num- 
ber consideraUy  above  1,500,  and 
were  bold  enough  to  assail  the 
sentries  with  cutlasses.  The 
troops  continued  under  arms ;  9nd 
as  day-light  began  to  l»eak,  (lie 
fronts  of  two  considerable  bodies 
of  the  rebels  were  discovered  oo 
the  bridges  to  the  right  and  lefti 
amounting  to  about  1,000  each,  all 
armed,  n^stly  with  cutlasses,  and 
bayonets  fixed  upon  poles;  they 
^  wt^ppoir  to  MTa  mm  tiM 


law,  -and  took 
awBAireB  for  the  suppression  o£  the 
lavolt.  On  the  sbdk  i)^t>  ^ 
techments  of  the  21st  Fusileras 
a&d  1st  West-India  regiments, 
wUeh  had  maxehedfrmn  the  gani- 
flon  under  the  commttud  ci  ct^vtain 
Stewart,  came  up  with  the  rdiels 
al  Plantation  Wittenburgh,  and, 
afteradiort  engagement,  compdlled 
them  to  retire,  &iving  IdUed  and 
wounded  sevend,  wiUumt  any  loss 
on  the  part  of  the  troops.  A  de- 
taahment  of  the  21st,  und^the 
commaiidof  lieutenant  Peddie,  con* 
tinued  to  push  forward,  skirmish* 
ing  OQoasionaUy  and  successfully, 
mm  fomng  tiie  negroes  to  retire* 

On  Tuesday  morning,  a  large 
body  of  the  revcdters,  between 
700  and  800  in  nundier,  and  well 
annodf  assembled  at  Plantation 
Dmichfour.  They  commenced  an 
atteok  upon  lieutenant  Brady,  of 
the  Slst,  who  had  manned  early 
in  the  morning  with  a  small  party 
of  that  corps  under  his  command 
from  Mahaica,  to  endeavour,  if 
possible,  to  arrest  their  progress : 
they  attempted  to  surround  him ; 
but  he  effected  his  retreat  to  the 
post  in  good  order,  killing  and 
wounding  from  10  to  15,  without 
any  loss  whatever  on  his  side. 

On  Wednesday  inoming,  the 
rebels  b^ng  still  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  post,  and  at  the  Bri^  of 
Plantation  Beehive, ,  lieutenant 
Brady  proceeded  to  attadc  them, 
and,  en  his  maidi,  threw  in  a  small 
detachment  to  clear  some  bushes 
lie  had  occasion  to  pass,  where  the 
rehelshad  posted  a  party  ivell  armed 
to  impede  his  advance.  This  service 
was  suoeeasfiilly  performed,  six  of 
die  rebels  being  killed  on  the  spot, 
ihe  troops  possessing  themselves  of 
4heir  arms  and  ammunition,  and  the 
main  body  retreating  witii  great 
{«f|i|il«lm«   OiitbfiMni«ioom« 


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HISTORY  OF  EUROPE. 


p8f 


i09  rtttid  TO  linns  ssd  MAne  j^istok* 
Tke  Ueotemoit-odond,  hnvuig  in 
VMD  attempted  to  ocmviBee  these 
deluded  people  of  their  ernir>  -and 
every  attempt  to  induce  them  to 
lay  down  tl^  anns  halving  fidled^ 
he  made  his  diqioBitions,  charged 
the  tNTo  bodies  simultaneonsly^  and 
dispmed  them  with  the  Ims  oi 
fran  100  to  150.  On  lus  side 
Ihece  was  only  one  rifleman  slight^ 
wonnded.  lliis  success  put  a  com- 
fdele  tennination  to  Uie  revolt. 
Jhmi^its  continuance,  the  wes- 
ton  distiiet  of  the  colony  remained 
psEfectly  tranquil. 

CourtB-aartial  were  held  for  the 
trial  of  the  pristmers ;  and  many 
of  the  insurgent  slaves  were  ex- 
ecuted* From  the  evidence  given 
upon  the  trials,  there  was  reason 
to  heHeve,  .that  the  object  of  the 
oooq^racy  did  not  go  fimher  than, 
by  tafciag  tempc»ary  posBeasbn  of 
the  estates,  to  compdi  the  ]^romul« 
ntion  of  those  re^ulationsm  their 
mvour,  which  they  believed  to 
have  been  made,  but  to  be  with- 
held by  dieir  masters  and  the  np- 
veraor. 

The  vengeance  obtained  by  the 
coGBcation  of  slaves,  was  not  deemed 
niffidcat.  Smith,  the  missionary, 
had  been  taken  intocustody  on  the 
21st  of  August,  on  the  charge  of 
beine  concerned  in  the  con^iracy ; 
all  his  papers  were  seised ;  and  so 
strict  was  his  eonfinement^  that  his 
brother  missionary,  Mr.  £lliott 
(against  whom  there  was  no  ground 
of  su^iobn,  as  not  a  single  negro 
under  his  superintendence  had 
teikea  part  in  the  revolt)  was  im- ' 
prisoned  for  ten  days,  merely  be- 
cause he  had  paid  a  visit  to  his 
follow  kbonrer  in  the  work  of 
Onistiam^.  On  the  Idth  of  Oc- 
toberj  fibnith  vras  brought  to  trial 
bsfore  a  court-martial,  which  oon« 
Ibuadi  b7td(foiinuMa]^  to  ^  JMIb 


of  November,  and "  ootichidad*-  by 
finding  ^e  accused  gnilty  of  a 
capital  ofienee.  The  men,  how- 
ever, who  had  coun^  toxondemm, 
were  afiraid  to  cmrry  their  sentenee 
into  execution :  uid  pncaedii^ 
were  suspended,  till  his  majestnps 
determination  on  the  case  could  be 
known.  In  the  mean  tuAe,  Smith 
was  subjected  to  the  elosest  im- 
prisomaenti  the  miseries  «£  whioh 
were  aggravated  by  much  uaae* 
oessary  severity.  A  disease,  under 
wUch  he  had  laboured,  v4ien-he 
was  fijst  deprived  of  his  Hberty, 
went  on  inoeasaig;  and  he  vras 
rescued  by  the  haiM  of  death,  be- 
fore the  news  arrived,  that  his  ma» 
jesty  had  rescinded  the  sentence  of 
tiie  coort-martiaL 

The  details  of  the  proeeedings 
of  that  court-martial  were  not 
known  at  the  time ;  but  the  most 
important  parts  of  them  *ivefe 
subsequently  pabliriied-«-^a  most 
mekncholy  specimen  of  ignorance 
and  injustice.  Hie  members  of  it 
disi^egarded  equally  thefonasand 
the  principles  of  law ;  every  nde 
of  evidence  was  violated ;  Mid  after 
all,  there  was  not  a  shadow  of 
]nroof,  that  Mr.  Smith  had  had  the 
slightest  intimation  of  the  insiir« 
rection,  till  the  moment  when  it 
broke  out,  and  he  interfered  to 
suppress  it.  But  he  was  a  mis- 
sionary,  and  therefore  he  was  con- 
demned-— condemned  by  a  conrt 
sitting  in  the  name  of  the  Cildwn 
of  Endbmd,  in  defiance  cf  every 
{Hinci^e  that  En^lshmen  hold 
most  sacred.  It  is  long  since  our 
antials  have  been  stftimdwithmiact 
of  injustice  equally  outrageous  | 
and  the  safoty  of  mankind  and  the 
sanctity  of  law,  require  that  the 
participators  in  so  foul  a  deed 
should  not  pass  unbranded  and  tm^ 
pumdied. 


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m]    ANNUAL  RfiOrSTfitt,  1823. 


vM  gftiihHrinmmte  at  die  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  were  ndaoed  in  the 
fuctent  year  to  a  verymiieraMe 
nonditioii.  For  three  years  guo 
oetHiTely,  the  crops  of  wheat  and 
Indkn  oom  had  been  facmkhed  by 
dfDught>  or  de«troyed  by  a  spedefi 
of  bB^t  eaUed  nigt ;  the  eoU  and 
olanate  were  diacovered  to  be 
uttedy  vaSt  fer  pm-peeeg  of  tillage 
husbandry  J  and  the  resoiirees  of 
the  aettkf»  were  wholly  exhausted. 
Mny  of  ihem  ap^ied  to  ktd 
Charies^Somenet  for  a  conveyanoe 
to  Endand  or  to  Van  Diomen's 
tend;  but  the  answer  was,  that 
oomeaaaef  inch  eonveyance  **  were 
athiaexodlency'sdi^OMd.''  Dor* 
lag  hii  temporiMrv  abeanoe  in  £m« 
land.  Sir  R.  Denkin,  who  hekl 
die  eommand  ad  interim^  with  a 
view  to  die  «&ty  dfthe  emiffrant^ 
establiiihed  military  posts  m  the 
aeif^iboininodof  the  Fish  River-^ 
Fort  Wiltshire,  in  advance  of  that 
river  *^  and  FrederuMmrgh,  be<- 
iweea  the  Fiah  River  and  the 
fieeka.  The  latter,  onnpoeed  of 
half-pay  officen  and  other  adlitary 


ecquainted  with  the  mode  of  Cafte 
watflur^  vros  half  vray  on  die 
route  towards  the  Cdfies,  and 
formed  an  eflbctual  ^oteetionto 
die  settlements  newly  create 
Inmiediately  on  lord  C.  SomanetTs 
return,  all  these  safeguards  of  iAm 
cobny  were,  it  is  nid,  wkhdiewn. 
The  town  ef  Baahuiet,  in  "die 
centre  of  the  emigrant  country, 
was  Btrit^ed  at  onoeof  itsgarrismi, 
and  deprived  of  its  rank  as  eeunty 
town;  the  eapital  ci  die  unfofw 
tunate  pereonS)  who  had  expeaded 
their  all  in  buildings  and  domestic 
establishments  there,  was  lost,  and 
the  whole  countiy  wae  left  at  die 
meifoy  of  the  Oaffle  depredatiens. 
The  eonsequence  was,  that  the 
eattle  woe  carried  off  by  droves; 
die  colonists,  Diiteh  as  wdl  ss 
En^ish,  attacked  by  die  plun- 
ders in  open  day ;  and  jome  Of 
them  savagely  murdered.  The 
t»mpUnts  against  his  lordshg^ 
adfflinistretion  were  load;  f^Hbedisr 
diey  vrere  well  founded  or  not>  we 
are  as  yet  widiout  the  means  ei 


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fflSTOHY  OP  EUllOfE. 


tlB» 


CHAP-  IX. 

M%tim  tHp/Mm^  Mr.  B<mring9  Intpirismmm  tke  Canduoi  jmriuHl 
hm  the  mH3i  Chvemmeni  in  that  Affmr-^CMm  of  Mrs.  Oihe 
Serru  io  be  Princess  of  Cumierkmd :  Mr.  Peefs  etpoaUon  ^  ike 
impostur&^ProrogoHon  fff  Parliamen^-^Mr.  Cannings  rmssA  to 

'   aeinomiedge  or  hM  eommunieation  mth  the  Regeneg  rf  Madrid  ■ 
Appoinimeni  ^f  Coniuk  and  Chnsuls^Oenertd  in  the  States  ff  Semth 
America-^Our  Relatitms  with  Sooth  America^Mr.  Cannae  OO' 
erea^ng  popularity :  his  speeeh  ai  Piymouth^ 


AMONG  the  dleged  cases  oT 
.  indiTidual  hafduiip,  whkb 
were  in  die  pnesent  seflrfon,  brought 
befbra  parfiament^  otdy  two  deserve 
tebenoticedt  those  of  Mr.  Bowring 
and  of  Mrs.  Olive  Serres,  styling 
hevadf  the  PrineeaB  of  Cumberland! 
•  Mt.  Bowring^s  case  wasbrought 
failD  diacusnon,  on  the  27th  of 
WAmrt,  by  a  motion  of  bid 
A«chifaBid  Hamilton  fbr  die  pro* 
dnetioo  of  certain  papers  connected 
with  die  impriscmment  of  that 
mitleman.*  ^  According  to  lord 
Archibald  HimiBton's  statement, 
Mr.  BowriAg,  being  on  his  return 
from  a  commercial  journey  to 
France  and  Italy,  had  arrived  at 
Calais.  After  his  baggage  was 
examined  at  the  Customs,  he  was 
informed,  that  he  must  submit  his 
fwn  to  an  inspection ;  and  being 
taken  befbre  the  mayor,  was  com* 
mitted  to  priaon.  Inanswer  to  his 
hiquiries  into  the  nature  of  his 
allied  crime,  he  Was  told  that  a 
tel^r^hic  despatch  had  been 
reomvea,  directing  the  examination 
of  hi«  papers.  Alter  remaining  in 
prison  at  Calais  two  days,  he  was 
conveyed,  in  obedience  to  another 
telegraphic  despatdi,  to  Boulogne. 

rf1tftVoULXIV*p,tl0. 


'Here  again  he  was  reftised  the  in* 
Ibrmation  as  to  the  natmc  of  Us 
<9ime.  He  had  not  been  long  at 
Boulogne,  before  the  incooveniease 
-of  his  imprisonment  was  imiitassi 

5'  many  unnecessaiy  severities, 
e  was  confined  am  secret  in  n 
loathsome  prison,  depiivcd  of  tliB 
todbtyofms  friends,  and  denied 
tiie  benefit  of  pmfMonai'  advke. 
Mt.  Bowring  having  in  the  mean 
time  appUedto  Sir  Charles  Stnaolt 
fbr  proiectiop,  a  new  charge  at  tiite 
end  of  eleven  days  was  mannfho- 
tnred  ;'  and  Mr.  Bowrinff  leaned^ 
that  he  was  now  accused  of  beinft 
engaged  as  an  accomplice  with 
others,  ina  plot  ajniinst  the  French 
government.  After  several '  ether 
examinations,  at  none  of  which  he 
had  been  allowed  a  profeasional 
advocate,  a  letter  was  receivBd  at 
Bonlogne,  by  which  Mr.  Bowring 
was  summoned  to  go  to  Faris»  but 
was  at  the  same  time  informed 
that  he  could  not  be  compelled  to 
go*  At  length '  the  proceedings 
were  concluded  by  a  sentence,  w 
words  of  whidi  were,  that  Mr.  Bow- 
ring was  set  at  liberty,  because  the 
crime,  of  which  he  was  accused,  did 
not  warrant  his  imprlnnmenl  at  all. 
Mr.  Camung,  in  rqily,  gave 
such    an  account  of   the  orn^ 


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140]    ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1823. 


duct  of  our  govenunent  on  iMb 
tffifiir,  as  satisfied  every  person  of 
the  zeal  of  the  secretory  of  the 
foreign  department  in  protecting 
the  rights  of  individuals.  He 
8ti^,  that,  when  he  heard  of  the 
arrest  of  Mr.  Bowring,  it  appeared 
tohim>  th^t  the  part/ which  the 
British  government  were  bound  to 
adopt,  wa^  to  take  care  that  the 
laws,  not  of  England,  but  of 
Ftance,  wete  appbed  to  his  case 
with  perfect  impartiality.  Instruc- 
tions were  sent,  within  three  quar- 
ters of  an  hour  after  the  affidr  was 
known,  to  his  majesty's  ambassa- 
dor  at  Paris,  directing  him  to  take 
instant  measures  to  inquire  into 
all  the  circumstances  of  the  case  ; 
and,  if  there  were  no  cause  to  war- 
rant an  application  to  the  govem- 
jnent  as  to  some  special  measure, 
to  ws^ch  carefuUy  over  all  the 
proceedings,  and  to  see  that  the  law 
was  administered  with  the  best 
legal  information,  with  perfect 
impartiality,  and  with  strict  jus- 
tice. He  did  not  feel  it  right  to 
ask,' that  Mn  Bowring^s  case  diould 
be  separated  from  that  of  any  other 
oet  di  men  in  France,  native  or 
foreigners :  He  was  not  entitled 
to  demand  that  the  writ  of  Habeas 
Corpus,  or  the  trial  by  jury,  should 
be  introduced  into  the  French  ter- 
ritory, on  account  of  Mr.  Bowring: 
but  he  did  think  it  proper,  diat, 
whatever  was  the  practice  in 
France  towards  an  accused  person, 
that  practice  should  be  strictly 
observed  with  respect  to  Mr. 
Bowring;  that  any  deviation  from 
it  mi^t  justify  national  interfer- 
ence; and  that  national  interference 
could  only  begin,  when  individual 
injustice  was  perpetrated.  Mr. 
Bowring  was,  in  the  first  place, 
arrested  as  the  bearer  of  sealed 
U^Hea,  and  as  thereby  defrauding 
^  pof(»oflke  of  ftmD^r^  aime 


of  no  moral  turpitude,  a  crime  not 
nuUum  in  sc,  but  nudum  proUbiimi 
—en  offence,  however,  which  was 
a  misdemeanor,  by   the  English 
law.    With  us,  it  was  visited  by  a 
pecuniary  fine  ;  in  France,  it  was 
punished  in  a  more  summary  man- 
ner.    But,  being  detained  as  the 
carrier  of  letters,  there  grew  out  of 
those  lctters,orofother  things  which 
aros6  in  the  course  of  that  aocusa* 
tion,  matter  which    occasioned  a 
diaige  of  a  heavier  crime — a  crime 
that  incurred  the   punishment  of 
imprisoiunent       On    this    latter 
crime,  however,  be  it  what  it  mighty 
he  was  never  brought  to  trial;  and 
he  was  ultimately  released.   When 
ho  was  released  for  the  greater 
crime,  he   was  not  detained  on 
account  of  the  lesser ;  but  was  set 
at  liberty,  as  the  lesser  crime  did 
not  incur  the  punishment  of  im« 
prisonment.      Mr.  Bowrins*  was 
not  released  because  he  had  been 
unjustly  imprisoned;  but  because 
the    offence,  which  incurred  die 
punishment  of  imprisonment,  was 
not  proceeded  on,  and  the  other 
offence  had  not  that  punishment 
attached  to  it  by  the  French  law. 
Mr.   Canning  added,  that,  during 
the  whole  of  these  transactions,  u 
Mr.  Bowring  had  been  nearest  to 
the  British  government  in  aflbc* 
tion,  and  nearest  to  Mr.  Cauninff's 
own  feeling  individually,  it  woiud 
have  been  impossible  to  watch  over 
the  proceedings  with  more  anxious 
vigilance.     But,  when  those  pro- 
ceedings were  brought  to  an  end 
(and  mm  dose,  he  believed,  was 
precipitated  by  ^e  interference  of 
the  British  government ;  an  inter- 
ference, which  called  on  the  French 
government,  not  to  let  go,  but  to 
proceed  or  let  go)— the  only  course 
for  the  British  govenunent  to  pur* 
sue  was,  to  inquire  whedier  any 
wmfmiitiga  wm   duo  to  Mr« 


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Bowtingy  and  to  ascertain  by  the 
4ipinion,  not  of  £n^ish  lawyers, 
bat  of  French  lawyers,  whether 
the  entire  proceedings  were  conso- 
nant with  the  usual  course  of 
French  junq[irudence.  According- 
ly, he  hunself  instructed  sir  Charles 
S^iart  to  lay  before  two  of  the 
first  advocates  of  Pari^  who  were 
officially  employed  by  government, 
and  two  other  eminent  advocates 
selected  from  the  bar,  and  who 
were  known  to  be  politically  hostile 
to  the  government,  the  whole  pro- 
ceedings in  Mr.  Bowring's  case^ 
and  to  ask  whether,  with  respect 
to  that  individual,  the  ordinary 
course  of  the  Frendi  law  had  been 
steadily  observed  ?  The  answer 
of  these  gentlemen  (concurring  in 
their  knowled^  of  the  law,  but 
differing  in  their  political  opinions) 
was,  that,  in  the  proceedmgs  to* 
waids  Mr.  Bowiing,  the  usufd 
practice  of  the  French  law  had 
been  scrupulously  observed — that 
those  proceedings  were  exactly  the 
same  as  would  have  been  adopted 
towards  a  French  subject.  It 
ther^ore  apj;>eared,  that  Mr. 
Bowring,  bemg  in  the  French 
temtory,  had  nothing  more  to 
Gomplamof,  than  any  Frenchman 
who  was  detained  without  trial 
mi^  complain  of.  That  gentle- 
man, undoubtedly,  was  detained. 
To  that  inconvenience  the  accusa- 
tion necessarily  subjected  him.  If 
the  accusation  were  wanton  and 
malirious,  the  course  would  be,  to 
establish  that  fact  by  an  individual 
fttoceeding;  and  in  the  prepress 
of  such  proceeding  (if  the  French 
law  allowed  it),  Mr.  Bowring  was 
assured,  that  he  should  have  the 
countenance  and  protection  of  the 
British  government.  If,  however, 
the  French  law  did  not  allow  such 
ding,  Mr.  Bowring  could 


country  not  so  hqipy  in  its  obnsti* 
tution,  and  not  so  just  in  its  lawi^ 
as  the  state  which  he  had  left ;  and 
having  subjected  himself  to  the 
^^msprudence  of  that  country,  he 
must  abide  by  the  consequences. 
On  the  3rd  of  March,  sir  Gerard 
Noel  presented  a  Ipetidon  from 
Mrs.  Olive  Serres,  asserting  hqr 
claim  of  descent  from  the  royal 
fiimily  ;*  and  on  the  18th  of  June, 
he  moved  that  the  pedtion  should 
be  refened  to  a  select  committee. 
Mr»  Peel,  on  this  occasion,  showed 
satisfactcurily,  that  Mrs.  Serres 
either  was  herself  practising  a 
most  impudent  imposture,  or  waii 
the  innocent  dupe  of  others.  Ac«y 
cording  to  Mr.  Peel's  statement, 
there  were  formerly  two  brothers 
of  the  name  of  Wilmot ;  the  one, 
Dr.Wilmot,  the  other  a  Mr.  Robert 
Wilmot:  and  the  person  now. 
claiming  to  be  princess  of  Cumber- 
land was  the  daughter  of  Bobort 
Wilmot.  Proof  en  her>  birth  and 
baptism  existed,  and  for  a  omsider- 
able  time  she  had  been  contented, 
with  this  humlde  origin.  But  in 
the  year  1817,  she  diwovered  that 
she  was  the  daughter  not  of  Robert 
Wilmot,  but  of  the  late  duke  of 
Cumberland,  brother  to  his  late 
majesty.  She  did  not  then,  in- 
deed, pretend  that  she  was  the 
legitimate,  but  the  illegitimate, 
daughter;  and,  in  I8I79  a  petition, 
sigi^  ''Olive  Serres,"  was  pre- 
sented to  his  majesty  hy  a  person 
on  her  behalf,  wluch  contained 
these  words — "  May  it  please  your 
royal  highness  to  attend  to  the  at- 
testations which  prove  this  lady  to 
be  the  daughter  of  the  lat^  duke 
of  Cumbenand,  by  a  Mrs.  Payne, 
the  wife  of  a  captain  in  the  navy. 
Mrs.  Payne  was  the  sister  to  Dr. 
Wibnot,  and  this  lady  was  bom 


\y  xegKi  that  he  had  gone  toa         •  Titft VoU UUV. pp. il»-tf i. 


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at  Wvwkk,  oad  the 
of  her  faiitk  u  both  s!giied  And 
aetled  by  the  matron  and  tho 
medical  attendant"  Thia  petition 
lepiesented  her  as  the  illegitiinate 


142]     ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1823. 

iia|e»  and  dbe  eoneaqneBt  Isiiiker 
a  (£ild  in  1772— no  other^  as  waa 
pretended,  than  the  preMnt  Mn* 
Senes.  To  account  lev  the  long 
belief  that  she  waa  zeaHy  te 
dandier  of  Msi.  Wihnot^  ne  aa« 
aerted  that,  Mrs.  Wilmot^  ha?iiffi 
been  deliyored  of  a  still-bom  diilC 
the  petidonei^  the  dauf^iter  of  the 
duke  of  Cumbedandf  was  suhsti* 
tuted  for  die  sake  of  coocealmea^ 
and  that  Mr*  Dunning  and  Ind 
Chatham  had  consented  to  dial 
substitutiim.  The  story*  said  Mr. 
Peel*  was  full  of  fabrioatinns  fiom 
b^jinning  to  end;  ihe  two  most 
important  documents— -the  sup< 
posed  will  of  his  late  nu^esty*  and 
the  pretendied  certificate  of  te 
^  private  marriage*  were  plain'  foM 
geries.  The  petitioner  daimed 
15*000^  under  an  instrument 
which  she  called  a  will,  signed  ai 
the  2nd  of  June*  1774*  by  his  kts 
majesty*  and  witnened*  **  J.  Jhsa* 
ning*  Chatham*  and  Brook.".  The 
terms  of  the  bequest  were  singular* 
It  was  headed  G.  R.  ''  In  case  rf 
our  royal  demise*  we  give  and  be» 

2ueath  to  Olive*  onr  brothfir  ot 
'umberland's  daughter*  .the  sum 
of  15,000/.*  commftnding  our  heir 
and  successor*  to  pay  the  same  art* 
vately  to  our  said  niece*  for  her 
use*  as  a  recompense  for  the  mis* 
fortunes  she  may  have  known 
throu^  her  father *"  This  p^ 
was  witnessed*  among  others*  liy 
lord  Chatham  in  1774;  now  that 
ndbleman  had  resigned  his  office  m 
176B*  and  never  afterwards  held 
any  public  employment :  In  177^ 
henuide  a  speech  in  direct  oppo* 
sition  to  the  king's  govemmoit* 
and,  on  the  20th  <^  January*  177$> 
he  moved  an  addresB  to  his  majes^* 
to  with^w  the  troc^  inm 
Boston.  Those*  vdio  knew  the  senr 
timents  cd  his  late  majesty  on  the 
subject  ,Qf    die    Americ^a   w^r 


dMighter  of  the  duke  of 
land;  but*  in  1819*  the  lady  became 
dissBtfsfied  with  this  distinction* 
asid  then  ihe  discovered*  and  pro- 
duced attestations  to  prove*  that 
she  wdk  the  le^timate  offspring  of 
l3ie  duke  of  Cinnberland  by  the 
daughter  of  Dr.  Wilmot  She 
all^edi  that  Dr.  Wihnot  had  a 
dau^iter  who  was  privately  mar- 
ried to  the  late  duke  of  Cuuh 
berland  in  1767*  It  was  known* 
that  the  duke  of  Cumberland 
Was  in  fact  married*  not  to 
Mlm  Wilmot*  but  to  Mr&  Horton* 
in  1769^  Of  course  the  ground 
of  the  petitioner's  claim  was*  that 
the  duke  of  Cumberland  had  been 
guilty  of  having  been  married  to 
Eer  mother  two  years  before  his 
onion  with  Mrs»  Horton.  After 
the  death  of  lord  Warwick*  and  of 
every  party  who  could  prove  the 
signatures*  the  petitioner  produced 
several  documents  to  show*  that 
there  had  been  a  private  marriace 
m  1767>  and  that  she  wai  the  off- 
sping  of  it«  The  marriage  at 
that  date  would  have  been  l^nl ; 
the  royal  marriage  act*  not  Uien 
having  been  passed.  Shealso pro- 
duced various  papers  to  account  for 
the  seoset  ha^ng  been  so  mys- 
teriously kept  till  the  year  1819: 
but  none  of  these  papers  had  been 
Ibrthcoming*  until  the  death  of 
every  party  whose  signatures  they 
purported  to  bear:  even  the  ao- 
eoudieur*  who  attended  her  mo- 
ther* ^ed  in  1818*  a  year  before 
theclaimwasadvan(>Bd.  Theattest* 
ing  witnesses  to  her  documents 
Wei«*-Mr.  Dunning*  lord  Chatham* 
and  lord  Warwick;  and  their  names 
^eve  uspd  tp  prove  A  secret  inar- 


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HKTORY  OF  f  UROI% 


mp 


worid  finA  it  diflcQk  to  bditro^ 
Aot  muter  Mich  ckcusistanoes  h^ 
wmM  aeleet  lord  Chatham  to  bo 
hia^  oonfidont  in  a  pnvate  toaaa* 
actkm  aiioh  aa  the  one  in  question. 
Bitt>  on  ar  teference  to  the  recorded 
^eech  of  lord  Chatham  on  ihfit 
ocftawn^  it  would  be  found  that 
that  DoUelmd  actually  oommenoed 
il  with  theieworda:  ''As  I  hare 
not  the  honour  of  access  to  his 
aMijesty,  I  will  endeavour  to  trans- 
lait  to  him^  throu^  the  constitu- 
tional chamiel  oi  this  House,  my 
ideci  of  Americai  to  rescue  him 
ftom  the  misadyioe  of  his  present 
ndmsteiB."*  There  was  another 
of  this  ladv's  documents,  said  to  be 
signed  by  hnd  Chatham,  of  a  still 
more  extraordinary  nature.  It 
began^''  To  be  committed  to  the 
flames  after  my  decease ;"  and  it  tes- 
tified, ''  that,  the  duke  of  Cumbesu 
hmd  haTing  subjected  himself  to 
t^  crime  of  bigamy,  we  have 
sgieed  to  let  his  dau^ter  Olive  be 
aw  sacrifice."  It  was  signed 
''Warwick  and  Chatham."  It  was 
on  the  20di  of  January,  1775, 
that  lord  Chatham  had  made 
his  motion  respecting  the  troops  at 
Boston,  and  in  six  we^ks  afier«- 
wards  his  name  was  aopended  to  a 
document  couched  in  tli^e  terms-— 
"  The  princess  Olive,  only  child  of 
Henry  Frederick,  duke  of  Cum^ 
faecland,  and  l)red  up  as  my  brother 
Robert's  dau^ter,  may  be  known 
by  a  large  brown  i^t  of  a  liver 
colour,  on  her  right  ribs."  The 
pretended  certificate  of  the  mar- 
riage, which  was  dated  March  4, 
i7vr,  was  in  these  words—"  I 
hen^  certify  that  Henry  Freder- 
ick, duke  of  Cumberland,  was  this 
day  maaied  to  Olive  Wilmot,  and 
that  sudi^  marriage  4ias  been  le- 
gally and  duly  soJemniged,  accord- 

*  Seeftd,  History,  v.  19,  p.  149. 


ingto  tiie  rites  and  ceremonies  ef 
the.Cfaurch  of  England."  It. was 
aimed  "James  Wilmot,"  present 
"  toooke,"  "  J.  Adder."  "G.  R.'' 
was  also  appendedi  but  for  what 
puxpose  did  not  appear.  This  do^ 
eument  was  intended  to  make  ou^ 
that  the  marriage  was  solemnised 
by  James  Wilmot,  the  real  uncle  o£ 
the  petitioner.  Now,  James  Wil« 
mot  was  a  fellow  of  Trinity  col- 
lege, Oxford,  and  unfortunately 
for  Uie  petitioner,  on  that  very  day# 
March  4,  1767^  he  was  reei4^ 
there ;  as  it  appeared  by  the  boob 
of  the  college,  that  he  quitted 
Oxford  on  the  5th  of  March,  1767^ 
So  much  for  James  Wilmot :  the 
si^atures  of  the  late  lord  War- 
wick and  of  J.  Adder  alone  re- 
mained to  be  disposed  oi.  The  late 
lord  Warwick,  l^  the  pi^er,  ap- 
peared to  have  signed  "Brooke,^ 
nis  father  being  still  alive ;  but 
unluckily  again,  the  late  lord  War- 
wick, before  he  succeeded  to  the 
title,  had  always  si^ed  "  GredlleT 
He  was  so  named  in  the  entry  of 
the  burial  of  his  wife.  His  ser- 
vants knew  him  by  that  title  only, 
and  by  that  title  his  father's  pro« 
perty  was  bequeathed  to  him.  He 
(Mr.  Peel)  was  in  possession  of  a 
letter  from  the  present  lord  War- 
wick, stating  that  the  title  of  lord 
Brooke  had  not  been  borne  by  any 
eldest  son  but  himself.  The  fab- 
ricator of  this  instrument  had 
therefore  been  misled  by  the 
present  practice  of  the  family*  As 
to  the  signature  "J.  Adder,"  a 
person  had  been  sent  down  to 
Warwick,  to  inquire  if  th^re  ex- 
isted any  recollection  of  such  a 
person;  and  bv  the  residents  he 
was  rather  startled  to  be  informed, 
that  the  medical  attendant  of  the 
Warwick  family  certainly  was  a 
Dr.  Adder.  On  further  investi- 
gation, it  turned  out,  howev^. 


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i:44]    A  N  N  U  A  L   A  E  0 1 S  T  KR;   1823. 


that  tKe  red  name  of  the  gentle- 
nxaii  was  James  Haddow;  that  he 
came  from  St.  Andrew's ;  and  that 
the  people  of  Warwick  generally, 
in  speaking  of  Dr.  Haddow,  had 
omitted  the  H  in  his  name  alto- 
gether, and  had  substituted  an  R 
for  a  W  at  the  end  of  it.  Here, 
again,  vulgar  mispronunciation  had 
imsled  the  iramer  of  this  piece  of 
imposture.  It  was  needless  to  go 
into  other  documents.  There  was 
however,  one  pretension,  on  which 
he  (Mr.  Peel)  did  not  wish  to 
throw  the  least  discredit.  He  held 
in  his  hand  a  manifesto  signed 
**  Olive,"  and  claiming^  the  nigh 
dignity  of  princess  of  Poland,  by 
virtue  of  her  relationship  to  Aii- 
gustus  Stanislaus;  upon  the  pre- 
tejrt  that  the  duke  of  Cumber- 
land married  Olive,  the  legitimate 
daughter  of  the  kiiig  of  Poland. 
It  concluded  in  th^e  terms— 
"Alas!  beloved  nation  of  our  an- 
cestors, your  Olive  lives  to  antid- 
ete  the  emancipation  of  Poland, 
vite  us,  beloved  people,  to  the 
kingdom  of  our  ancestors,  and  the 
generous  humanity  and  wise  policy 
of  the  emperor  Alexander  will 
restore  the  domain  of  our  ancient 
House."  It  went  on  to  assure  the 
Poles,  that  her  legitimacy,  as  prin- 
cess of  Poland,  had  been  fully 
proved  in  England.  With  her 
claim  to  be  a  R)li8h  princess,  Mr. 
Peiel  declared  that  he  had  not  the 
slij^htest  wish  to  interfere ;  he  was 
satisfied  with  having  shown  that 
she  had  no  pretension  to  that  rank 
in  England. 

The  statement  of  Mr.  Peel  left 
no  doubt  on  the  mind  of  any  per- 
son of  the  imposture  of  this  wo- 
man ;  and  the  motion  for  an  in- 
quiry into  the  matter,  was  loudly 
and  unanimously  negatived. 

On  the  19th  of  July,  the  ses- 
sion tcirmiliated.    As  ms  majesty 


had  for  a  &ort  time  previoudy  been 
somewhat  unwell,  the  fatigue  of 
the  ceremony  of  closing  raeste* 
sion  in  person  was  deemed  too  greet 
for  him;  and  therefore  the  parik- 
ment  was  prorogued  by  coroim&> 
sion. 

The  commissioners  were  t)i6 
lord  chancellor,  the  archbishop  of 
Canterbunr,  the  eaii  of  Harrowby, 
the  earl  of  Liverpool,  and  the  eart 
of  Westmorland.  The  speeth  was 
read  by  the  lord  chancellor,  and 
was  as  follow : 

"  My  Lords  and  Gendemerf, 

"  We  are  commanded  by  his 
Majesty,  in  releamng  you  fttnn  your 
attendance  in  parliament,  to  ex- 
piress  to  yon  his  Majesty's  acknow- 
ledgments for  the  zeal  flndasndnity 
wherewith  you  have  applied  your- 
selves to  the  several  objects  whick 
his  Majesty  recommended  to  your 
attention  at  the  opening  of  the 
session. 

•*  His  Majesty  entertains  a  con- 
fident expectation,  that  the  provi- 
sions of  internal  regulation,  which 
you  have  adopted  with  respect  to 
Ireland,  will,  when  carried  into 
effect,  tend  to  remove  some  of  the 
evils  which  have  so  long  afficted 
that  port  of  the  United  King* 
dom. 

"  We  are  commanded  to  assure 
you,  that  you  may  depend  upon 
the  firm,  but  temperate  exehjise, 
of  those  powers  which  you  have 
intrusted  to  his  majesty,  for  the 
suppression  of  violence  and  out* 
rage  in  that  country,  and  for  the 
protection  of  the  lives  and  i»o- 
perties  of  his  Majesty's  lo}'al  sub- 
jects. 

"  It  is  with  the  greatest  satis- 
faction that  his  Majesty  is  enaUed 
to  contemplate  the  flourishing  con- 
dition of  all  branches  oi  our  com- 
merce and  manufactures,  and  tte 
greatest  abatement  of  those  fiffi" 


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fflSTORY  OP  EUROM. 


[145 


csblte  v»bkh  the  agrieukural  in- 
toresl  lias  so  long  and  so  severely 
sufiered. 

'' Gentlemen  of  the  House  of 
Cominons, 

"  We  have  it  in  command  from 
his  Majesty  to  thank  you  for  the 
suppHea  whidi  you  have  granted 
fat  ^  service  of  the  year,  and  to 
amue  you  that  he  has  received 
the  linc^est  pleasure  from  the 
relief  which  you  ha  ve  heen  enabkd 
ta  aSard  his  people,  hy  a  large  re* 
duction  of  taxes. 

**  My  Lords  and  Gentlemen, 

"  Hk  Mf^esty  has  commanded 
us  to  inform  you,  that  he  conti- 
mies  to  receive  from  all  foreign 
powers,  the  strongest  assurances  of 
their  firiendly  di^osition  towards 
this  countiy- 

"  Deeplv  as  his  Majesty  still  re- 
grets the  fidlure  of  his  earnest  en« 
Attvoqrs  to  prevent  the  interrupt 
tkm  of  the  peace  of  Europe,  it 
afixds  him  the  neatest  consolation 
that  the  principles  upon  which  he 
has  acted,  and  the  policy  which  he 
has  determined  to  pursue,  have 
heen  mari^  with  your  warm  and 
eoidial  concurrence,  as  consonant 
with  the  interests,  anii  satisfactory 
to  the  fedings,  of  his  people." 

Some  time  hefore  the  end  of  the 
aeanoD,  an  attempt  was  made,  but 
without  success,  by  the  regency, 
whidi  had  been  established  at 
Madrid  immediately  s^ter  the  ar« 
rival  of  the  duke  of  Angouleme 
in  that  capital,  to  open  a  corres- 
pondoice  with  the  British  govem- 
loent  Don  Victor  Saez,  in  the 
name  of  the  Hegency,  wrote  to 
Mr.  Canning,  on  die  7th  of  June, 
amxmnetng  ^  instalktion  of  that 
body;  and  he  transmitted  to  him 
at  the  same  time  a  letter  to  the 
Mng,  c<»nmuiiicating  that  event 
toeed^v  with  mnes  of  documents 
mtiva  to  it.  Hr.  Canning,  how- 

Vau  hXV. 


ever,  refused  to  aeknowkdg^tliia 
Regency,  or  to  hcdd  any  communi- 
cation with  them.  The  following 
was  his  answer  to  Don  Victor 
Sae«:~ 

ForeigQ-office,  June  19, 1833. 

Sir,— I  have  the  honour  to  ae« 
knowledge  the  receipt  of  the  letter, 
which  your  excellency  did  me  the 
honour  to  address  to  me  on  the 
7th  inst.,  announcing  the  installa- 
tion of  a  new  regency  at  Madrid, 
and  enclosing  a  letter,  addressed 
(as  you  inform  me)  by  that  body 
to  the  king,  my  master. 

The  r^eney  of  Urgel  some 
months  ago,  and  more  recently 
that  which  was  instituted  after 
the  entrance  of  the  French  army 
into  Spain,  successively  addressed 
letters  to  me,  announcing,  in  like 
manner,  their  assumptbn,  re* 
spectivdy,  of  the  government  of 
Spain.  * 

To  neither  of  these  communis 
cations  has  it  been  thou^t  neces- 
sary to  return  any  answer;  and 
if  I  now  deviate  from  the  course 
pursued  in  those  two  instances,  it 
is  only  because  I  would  not  appear 
to  be  guilty  of  indviUty,  in  send* 
ing  bi^k  your  messenger  without 
a  written  acknowledgment  of  your 
letter. 

I  have,  however,  nothing  to  add 
to  that  acknowledgment.  The 
my  master,  having  a  minister 
mt  near  the  person  of  his  ca- 
tholic majesty,  cannot  receive  a 
communication  of  this  description ; 
and  it  is  therefore  not  consistent 
with  my  duty  to  lay  before  the 
king,  the  letter  addressed  to  his 
majestv,  which  I  have  the  honour 
herewith  to  return.  I  have  the 
honour,  &c 

(Signed)    Gbobge  Cakniko. 
His  Exrellcwcy  Hon  Victor  Saez, 

One  result  of  the  succeasof  Fxance 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


my    ANNUAL  RKeiSTEE,    1823. 


jnmM^soine  cbwge  in  tbeftvaw* 
«di  ^kmmUK  9f  our  rebtions  with 
t^  9(vtef  of  Sottth  Amorist.  Ib 
tlie  month  of  Julj^  an  appUcatioa 
wat  m»di  to  the  forelcn  office^  by 
4  Biunber  of  lespocUth^  mercbtuits 
oooneeted  with  the  South  Amm-^ 
ttn  trade,  flubmittiDg  to  the  con* 
aideration  of  ^lat  department^ 
whethi^  it  miffht  not  be  fit  to 
rteommend  to  his  majesty,  thai 
commercial  agents  should  bo  vp^ 
pointed  |o  protect  British  interests 
in  that  quarter  of  the  world.  On 
the  SSnd  of  August,  an  answer 
was  returned,  by  the  direction  of 
Mr.  Canning,  which  stated  that 
the  sul^ect  was  under  considenn 
lion;  ttnd  shortly  afterwards,  con-* 
suls  and  consuls-^eral  were  u^ 

Sinted  to  the  pnncipal  stations  in 
e»cO|  Colombia,  Peru,  Chili, 
and  Buenos  Ayres.  The  consuls 
were  t«  receive  l,QOQL  ar-year,  and 
beat  liberty  to  trade  as  merchants. 
The  consuls-general  were  to  re- 
ceive 2f200L  a-year,  but  were  not 
to  engage  in  traffic 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  year, 
communications,  with  re^^ect  to 
these  coimtrie^  took  place  between 
our  government  and  that  of  France. 
The  language  of  Mr.  Canning  on 
this  subject  was  manly  and  oon- 
sistent— '^We  will  not  interfere 
with  Spain  in  any  attempts  she 
may  maketo  re-conquer  what  were 
onoe  her  colonies ;  but  we  will  not 
permit  any  third  power  to  attack 
them,  or  to  re-conquer  them  for 
her ;  and  in  granting  or  refuang 
our  reoognition  of  their  indepen- 
dence, we  shall  look,  not  to  the 
conduct  of  any  Europeafi  power, 
but  to  the  actual  circumstances  of 
these  countries." 

During  the  autumn,  Mr.  Can- 
ning ^tended  his  influence  among 
the  mnmercial  dasses  by  a  visit 


toaom^of  tiie  mmAfti  flmacc*. 
dal  and  manuiactunng  diitnct^ 
He    received   every    wher^  hut 
more  ^t^ptcially  a(  Liverpool  the 
most  flattering  testimonies  oi  the 
popularity  of  his   conduct      In 
October,  being  in  Devonshire  on- 
a  visit  to  the  earl  of  Morlejr*  he 
was  voted  the   freedom  oi  Fly^^ 
mouth;  and  on  being  presented 
with  it,  addressed  the  coipcffatioa 
in  a  speech*   which>  Uiough  de« 
livered  on  an  occasion  of  ceremonigl 
compliment,  excited  much  atten* 
tion  at  the  time,  on  account  d 
tiie  manifestation   which  it  oim- 
tained  of  the  views  and  feeUngi 
of  the  most  important  member  of 
the  cabinet     **^Our  ultimate  ob- 
ject was,"  said  Mr.  Canning,  "  the 
peace  of  the  worid ;  but  let  it  not 
be  said,"  he  continued,  "  tbaX  we 
cultivate  peace  either  because  wv 
fear,  or  because  we  are  unpreparol 
for,  war :  on  the  contrary,  if  eifht 
months  ago  the  government  aid 
not  hesitate  to  proclaim  that  the 
country  was  prepared  for  war,  if 
war  should  unfortunately  b^ne- 
cessaiy,  every  month  of  peace  that 
has  since  passed  has  but  made  us 
so  much  the  more  capable  of  ex- 
ertion.   The  resources  created  by 
peace  are  means  of  war.     In  cher- 
ishing those  resources.,   we  but  ap- 
cummate  those  means.     Our  pre- 
sent repose  is  no  more  a  prooi  of 
inability  to  act,  than  the  state  of 
inertness  and^ inactivity,  in  whub 
I  have  seen  those  mighty  masses 
that  float  in  the  waters  above  your 
town,  is  a  proof  they  are  devoid  of 
strength,  and  incapable  of  being 
fitted  for  action,     Y qu  well  know, 
gentlemen,  how  soon  one  of  those 
stupendous  masses,  now  repouog 
on  their  shadows  in  perfect  sm- 
ness — how  soon,  upon  any  cdl  of 
patriotism,  or  of  necesdty,  it  would 
assume  the  likeneas  of  an  anim^t^i 


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iwTPW  or  nvw»% 


tHi 


tiling,  instinot  with  life  and  mo- 
tion— how  soon  it  would  ruiHe^  as 
it  were,  its  swelling  plumage— 
k)w  quickly  it  would  put  forni  all 
its  beaut  J  and  its  bravery— collect 
its  scatt^^  elements  of  8treng|h> 
and  awaken  its  dormant  thunder. 
Such  83  b  one  of  these  magnificent 
mMam  mhm  stonnguag  mm  i». 
artivi  mtP  a  disfday  oi  lt«  9tt^ 
<^-m)i  b  Ea^md  htnM,  whUe 
ipparan^  paiMve  aad  moticuil^iB 


she  silently  concentrates  the  power 
to  be  put  forth  on  an  adequate  oc« 
oasion.  But  God  forbid  that  that 
occasion  should  arise !  After  a 
war  sustained  for  nearly  a  quarter 
pf  Q  century — sometimes  single* 
handed,  and  with  all  Europe  ar- 
ranged at  times  against  her  or  at 
her  aide^  Engifiad  n^ndsmfiirJod 
of  Iran^ifiity,  and  inaf  ^Joy 
it  without  Hear  et  nisaop^^c- 
Am" 


l^^l 


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148]     ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1823. 


CHAP.   X- 


FRAKCE-^Pretended  vklaiion  of  the  neulraUty  of  the  French  sMyAm* 
Ingucfiu  conduct  of  the  French  Ministry—iSpeech  at  the  opening  of 

•  the  French  Chambers-^Dtipliciiy  of  the  MinUter — The  subiequent 
explanation  attempted  to  be  given  of  the  doctrine  contained  in  that 
Speech — Respective  departures  of  the  French  and  Spanish  ambassa* 
dors-^Debate  in  the  Peers  on  the  Address;  amendments  moved  ;  speech 
of  Talleyrand — Address  of  the  Peers — Debate  in  the  Chamber  qf 
Jbeputies  on  the  Address;  Address  of  the  Deputies — The  Budget — 
Discussions  ott  tlie  War  in  the  progress  of  the  Financial  measures; 
Chauieaubriantts  speech — Course  ^observation  pursued  by  Manud: 
proceedings  against  him  ;  his  expulsion  from  the  Chamber — Protest 
against  this  ^neasure  tendered  and  ryected — Secession  of  the  OopO' 
sttum-^Biots — Addresses  against  the  War — Annunciation  cf  the 
commencement  of  the  War — Exultation  of  the  French  in  the  success  €f 
the  Spanish  Campaign — Proceediti^s  in  Paris — Cammumcations  with 
England  as  to  South  America — Dismissal  of  the  Duke  of  Belluno — 
Remarkable  Trials  at  Paris — French  Clergy-^Efigltsh  artizans 
employed  in  France. 


AS  the  Spanish  troops^  at  the 
end  of  1822^  had  advanoed  in 
pursuit  of  the  Royalist-insurgents 
to  the  very  ^ntiers  of  France,  it 
would  not  have  been  surprising  if 
the  animosity  of  civil  war  had  led 
to  some  rash  and  partial  inroad 
upon  the  French  territory.  The 
prudence  of  the  chiefs,  however, 
prevented  any  thing  of  this  Idnd 
from  taking  place ;  and  a  transact* 
tion,  which,  in  the  early  part  of 
January,  called  forth  the  invec- 
tives of  the  French  ministerial 
journals  as  an  act  of  open  hostility, 
turned  out,  upon  Airther  exami- 
nation, to  be  of  a  character  alto- 
gjther  different.  The  alleged  vio- 
tion  of  a  neutral  territory  oc* 
curred  under  the  following  circum- 
stances: On  the  29th  of  December, 
1822,  after  an  engagement  be- 
tweeii    the  Constitutional  t^roops 


and  the  bands  of  the   Faith,  in 
which  the  latter  were  defeated,  and 
fled,  part  into  France,  and  part  to 
Valcarlos,    the     Spani^Ji    colonel 
Assura,  at  the  heaii  of  200  men, 
presented  himself  at  a  village  com- 
mon  to  both   countries,  and  re- 
quested guides  from  the  French  to 
poin(  out  the  road.     There  was 
nothing  hostile  in  this  proceeding ; 
on  the  contrary,  it  indicated  a  de* 
sire  to  respect  the  FrencK  soiL   In 
the   absence  of   the    mayor,    his 
deputy  made  no  scruple  to  furmsh 
the  guides  who  were  demanded : 
and  Sie  Spanish  troops,  having  ar- 
rived at  Valcarlos,  completed  the 
defeat    of  those    enemies    whom 
they  had  previously  routed.  When 
the  prefect  was  informed   of  this 
proceeding,  he  suspended  the  civil 
officer  who  furoisbed  Aasuro  wi^ 
giiide9f 


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HISTORY  OF  EUROPE. 


[149 


The  S8th  of  January  was  the 
day  fixed  for  the  meeting  of  the 
French  Chambers ;  and  up  to  that 
time  the  suspense  with  respect  to 
the  hostile  designs  of  France  to- 
wards  Spain  continued  unimpair- 
ed. The  elevation  of  Villele>  who 
was  now  president  of  the  council 
of  ministers^  to  be  the  acknow- 
ledged head  of  the  administra- 
tion, made  no  alteration  in  the 
conduct  pursued  by  the  ffovem- 
ment.  The  Journal  Dex  Debats, 
indeed,  teemed  with  articles  which 
ddineated  the  dangers  of  war  in 
dowing  colours;  mat  paper  was 
Known  to  be  entirely  in  the  in- 
terest of  VOl^e ;  and  in  fact,  some 
of  the  most  important  of  these  ar- 
ticles were  corrected  with  his  own 
hand.  Military  preparations,  how- 
ever, went  on;  every  thing  that 
was  done,  bespoke  war;  and 
most  of  what  was  said  tended  to 
excite  suspicion.  Still,  hopes  were 
entertaindl,  und  more  strongly  in 
En^and  than  elsewhere,  that 
peace  would  not  be  disturbed.  But 
these  hopes  had  no  stable  ground; 
they  emanated  from  our  wishes— 
from  the  dear  conviction  enter- 
tained by  all  reas(mable  men,  that 
an  aggression  upon  Spain  was  alike 
inmc^ic  and  unjust,  and  that  it 
eorad  produce  no  beneficial  result 
for  France,  but  might  endanger 
her  tlirone  and  invdve  her  in  a 
nmase  of  evils. 

So  little  was  known  of  the  real 
pmmses  of  the  administration,  that 
on  me  very  cby  fixed  for  the  nieet- 
ing  of  the  chambers,  the  complaint 
of  the  duke  of  San  Lorenzo,  the 
Spanish  ambassador,  against  cer- 
tain individuab  who  had  attempt- 
ed to  negociate  at  Pans  a  loan  for 
die  R^^cy  of  Urgel,  came  on  to 
be  hem  before  a  court  of  justice. 
For  the  defendants,  it  was  oh- 
jfrtodiiODftiuiexpeotedl^atbat  the 


diplomatic  character  of  the  plaintifi^ 
in  .which  alone  he  was  entitled  to 
prosecute  the  proceedings,  had 
ceased  on  that  very  momin|% 
The  objection  was  sustained ;  aim 
.this  was  the  first  public  intima« 
tion,  that  there  was  no  longer  any 
accredited  minister  of  Spain  to  the 
court  of  the  TuiUeries. 

On  Tuesday  the  28th  of  Jan- 
uary, the  session  of  the  chambers 
was  opened,  amid  intense  anxiety, 
and  a  numerous  attendance  of  di- 
plomatic personages.  Among  these, 
however,  the  ambassador  of  Eng- 
land was  not  to  be  seen ;  and  it  was 
well,  that  he  was  not  to  be  found 
among  them;  for  it  would  not 
have  been  becoming  in  the  repre- 
sentative of  England  to  have  hon- 
oured with  his  presence  a  ceremony, 
in  which  he  miist  have  remained 
a  silent  acq^uiescent  witness,  while 
the  first  pnnciples  of  rational  so- 
vemment  were  trampled  imder 
foot.  The  king,  in  his  speech  to 
the  chambers,  began  with  describ- 
ing the  fiourishing  state  of  France 
and  the  blessings  which  she  had 
derived  from  her  return  to  legiti- 
mate rule ,  he  then  proceeded  to 
consider  her  relations  with  Spain. 
"  Divine  justice  permits,"  said  he, 
"  that  after  having  for  a  long  time 
made  other  nations  suffer  the  terri- 
ble effects  of  our  disorders,  we 
should  ourselves  be  exposed  to 
dangers  brought  about  by  similar 
calamities  among  a  neighbouring 
people.  I  have  made  every  endei^ 
vour  to  guarantee  the  security  of 
my  people,  and  to  preserve  Spmn 
herself  from  the  extremity  of  mis- 
fortune. The  infatuation  with 
which  the  representations  made 
at  Madrid  have  been  rejected,  leaves 
little  hope  of  preserving  peace.  I 
have  ordered  the  recsll  of  my  minis- 
ter; one  hundred  thousandFrench* 
men^  commanded  by  ft  prince  cf 


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)50)     ANI^UAL   RigOl^f &k,   1823. 


Iieitrt  delights  t6  call  lily  wb^^-ete 
midv  to  ittfifcb^  invcUn^  Ihe  Od3i 
i»r  m.  Lopi%  for  ite  8(9^  df  (h^- 
sefving  l^  ^toiie  of  Spain  to  a 
(teeatdont  of  Heniry  4th-^f  «iy- 
iM  ihfA  fine  kiiiij^om  frtntt  its 
ftfiiii  and  of  rccondUng  ii  with 
Europe.  Our  di&tioris  Bte  aboiit 
to  be  reinforc^  in  tho^  places 
Wliet^  our  maritime  cotritiiertie  has 
need  of  that  tirotec^on*  Cruiftc*s 
riiallhe  e^tauished  eiret)r  #heiti^ 
whet^rrel'  our  arritals  can  {xw^iUy 
be  annoyed^  If  war  i§  ineritable, 
1  will  use  all  my  end^avmm  «o 
confine  ita  dttle,  to  fittit  its  dum- 
tion :  it  win  be  undertaken  only 
to  eonc[uer  peace^  which  the  d^te 
Hf  SpAn  Would  rendet  imj^oi^hle. 
Lh  Ferdifkind  Vh  hi  free  fo  give 
to  kh  peapie  inifilMicmi  lehich  ih^ 
vtifipioi  hold  bfit  frmH  htm,  ai^ 
whl^^  by  fleenrin^  thdt  tfRtcfuil- 
lity^  would  disd^rte  the  Joftt  in- 

Suietndes  h£  Fr»Me:  hostilities 
kail  eea^  from  that  iitonient<  I 
mafed^  l^ntlenfen>  befote  y^^  s 
aoleiiifi  eoKagentent  on  this  jpfihft. 
I  was  bonftd  to  lay  before  ymi  Ithe 
state  of  onr  foreign  affairs*  It  was 
t>r  mo  to  deliberate*  I  We  done 
it  maturely.  I  have4<xm9«lted  the 
dkiilty  of  my  erowu,  the  honour 
atmsecufilty  of  Francft.  Oentla- 
<ffeni  we  at«  Frenchmen  i  we  shall 
illwaj^be  {^(teed  to  defend  such 
interests."' 

Thiti  ^feech  was  the  mmt  de- 
liberate avowid  of  the  prhfC^dis 
of  tyranny,  ^t  etar  was  addfesiwd 
to  oh  tfttermUy  bdttrhig  the  nsnie 
and  diaracter  of  reproscntmive. 
Bad  as  the  eonstltntiou  of  Spain 
was  (and  wowo^  wo  admit,  denm- 
cratic  Mly  neyor  !Vamed)^want- 
ing  as  her  statcmnon  had  sh^wn 
themselves  in  erefy  quality  that 
(Katvsthen  otodtt  Ui  havo-*'Wfa*t 
|uftiAo»ti<m  m  itot  vSbrd  to  a 


ftteigh  iMH^er  for  ittvadiii^  her 
with  an  itfifted  fbrce?  unmttA 
hk  eabinet  disfike  tiM  Ihtefwd  si- 
toiftiAtrttiort  of  Bpan:  but  are 
theif  Hkings  the  nife  of  i^t  M 
Wrtttg?  v^t  k  the  ftuhdatiohftf 
their  pretogatiVfe  to  awaoH  wift 
100,000  men  WhaWtta: !«  m*  *- 
eommc^ated  to  their  fency?  If 
the  praeiieal  ptirptAt  of  (he  wecA 
wasirifantoos,  the  prfndple  of  Hirir 
im«tfcwnce  was  still  toore  Wt*- 
thy  of  reprd!iatiori.  td  #>f*- 
aaHd  befhse  to  gite  to  khpt^ 
inmtiiiiim  Hfhkh  tk^  tmwi  Md 
hntftmhim.  What!  i^fweddii 
tfe  enAiMc  only  f«m  the  teeftth 
eC  a  tywint  ?  Are  kw,  itnd  rtrt», 
ftAd  manly  IMtttflde  to  ttdflt  bf^ 
inandby  anlditf^e^jowflfd?  I^t 
the  nations  Mst^  to  tl*e  wWttto 
ptymiulgatedby  the  resldied  Ix)«fc 
and  i^edioe€  l^  his  dttttbert.-*- 
*"  The  people  hate  m  ti^t«;  «) 
lights  esA  he  derived  ftwti  tr^> 
ottemtmy  of  tostide,  orgenendw- 
Mty— flone  Awn  tlie  cotfrtlttitltti 
of  human  nMute  cMtrMred  widi 
the  eirciABBtanee  In  \miSA  iMt  ^ 
^aeed  by  bis  Cfiritoi«u*«one  tfVMi 
mnn  the  will  or  renilatiofi  of  *« 
Creator  himadf  t  All  imfiitfftiRti 
mid  of  eourse  ^  ^e  ri^iis  whM 
thtiy  tatdtr,  adm(rwkdge>  or  pn- 
toct^  em  proceed  only  ftmn  a  «^ 
narch  c  what  is  not  f^tm  bf  ^ 
d^pot  fnM^t  not  to  be  liS^P^  ^ 
exist."  IMd  the  dttittst  rf  *c 
dark  ages  ever  pv^nee  any  arowal 
nidre  atrodoos  than  tta«  }  ^ 
knew  not  tfll  now,  how  perfwdy 
Napokon  had  dladpBiied  tbe 
Frcndi  into  a^rtitt^T  What 
must  have  beeh  the  state  6f  ^^ 
pnUie  mind,  iHwn  a  miniiM  ec^ 
without  haaard  pot  suehflaxiii^ 
into  the  month  of  his  sorer^nP 
It  is  not  alone  for  the  etStvit^ 

Snoe  of  the  princtpks  as^Hrted  hi 
ii  ^{mAi  ibat  the  FVmdiiidifli* 


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mSTOftV  OF  BUROPB. 


Xm 


itn  demm  d6M>  eondimmtlioii  t 
tbei^  dttsiniBladoii  k  e^ualty  re^ 
****iei»fliWe.  Up  to  this  time  tli^ 
.  la  Uieir  eaannuiiicatioiis  with 
At  British  ^^nment,  professed 
the  most  pacific  wishes  and  hopes ; 
«id  tbese  professiotis  were  repeated 
with  renewed  Mrdour  at  the  very 
i&eiiient  when  Mr*  Canning  rfi^ 
ceiTed  the  first  oommunication  of 
this  extxBVBgant  manifesto.  They 
had  indeed  called  upon  Spain  to 
naliewnne  modifications  in  her  oon- 
BlitQtion :  but  the  bo^  on  which 
-the  qiMslion  had  be^  put,  was, 
that  if  these  siodifications  were 
eoaeeded,  peace  would  be  preserved, 
bet  that,  diou^  they  were  refused, 
war  did  not  neoewarily  follow. 
Nows  the  speech  of  Louis  entirely 
•or«r^rew  both  the  positive  and 
negative  branch  of  the  altema^ 
tive :  far  its  purport  was,  that  war 
was  unavoidable,  so  long  as  insti- 
tutions existed  in  Spahi>  that  were 
not  freely  given  by  and  held  of 
thegood  Immure  of  Ferdinand. 

ftu:.  Csnning,  indeed,  spMested 
that  another  construction  mi^t  be 
put  upon  the  speech,  and  that  the 
sentiment  intended  to  be  conveyed 
vUtxt  be  no  other  than  *'  that,  in 
via  to  give  stability  to  any  mo- 
difieadott  of  the  existing  system, 
and  in  order  to  aiford  sufficient  as- 
smrsnoe  to  France  to  justify  her 
diseoatinuing  her  wulike  prepa- 
rations, the  idng  of  Spain  must 
be  a  party,  and  consent  tosudi 
modifionkm."  Bnt  this  is  deurly 
a  meaning  which  the  words  can- 
not iairly  bear :  and  the  Frendi 
nmiiaters  did  not  adopt  it.  M . 
'da  Chateaubriand  assented  to  it  as 
a  ppoposition :  and  that  be  fably 
mi^t  4o;  for  it  is  perfectly  con- 
mtumA  with  the  general  propost- 
taon  avowed  by  the  king;  bat 
neither  he  nor  his  colleagues  dis- 
•MB^ial  dm  ofakioxi0us  mase  which 


Ae  speech  actntalhr  c(mvayed>  asr 
Mated  that  Mr.  Canning's  fiseeed 
construction  was  that  in  which  It 
was  meant  to  be  taken. 

Bdbre  the  meeting  of  te 
Chambers,  orders  had  been  sent 
to  the  count  de  la  Garde,  the  am- 
bassador at  Madrid,  tbquit^aia. 
Oil  the  S6th  of  January,  he  de- 
manded his  pasroorts ;  hot  M  not 
receive  them  till  midnight  on  ^ 
S8th,  though  he  hsad  ordcr^  die 
arms  of  France  to  be  taken  dotm 
from  his  hotel ;  and  it  was  not  til 
the  30th  that  they  were  eoonler- 
signed  by  the  potitical  ddef  At 
Idadrid.  At  6  o'clock  on  that  day 
he  set  off,  accompanied  oiily  iQr 
M.  Belloc,  his  principal  secretary 
of  legation,  and  arrived  at  Bayonne 
on  the  3id  of  February.  The 
duke  of  San  Lorenso  was  oom- 
manded  to  quit  Paris  within  four 
Mid  twenty  hours. 

The  royal  q>eeck  was  ionne- 
diately  taken  into  consideration  by 
the  chambers;  and  in  each  die 
task  of  framing  a  reply  was  en- 
trusted to  a  committee.  On  the 
3rd  of  February,  the  due  de 
Levis,  reporter  of  the  special  com- 
mittee of  the  peers,  presented  the 
project  of  an  answer  which  had 
be^  examined  and  improved  in 
the  committee.  The  baron  de 
Barente  moved  an  amendnmnt  in 
disa{^m)batkm  of  the  intended  war 
with  Spain,  which  was  supported 
fay  M.  de  Talleyrand.  '' It  is  now 
sixteen  years,"  sdd  tliat  expe- 
rienced statesman,  ''  since,  com- 
manded by  him,  who  then  ruled 
the  woiid,  to  defiver  my  opinion 
on  a  conflict  in  whidi  he  was 
about  to  engage  with  the  Spamdi 
people,  I  Imd  the  misfortune  to 
disease  him  by  unveiling  the 
future,  and  pointing  out  the  mul- 
titude of  daa^gers  t£it  would  arise 
mat  of  an  aggxessioii  egnally  ndi 


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Uaj    AN,NU;AiLtIME<JISTEII;  1823. 

csctfpe  the  difla8ter»' that  MpiL-ii^ 
dustoy  and  tmde  ?  In  the  ppeseiijk 
state  of  society,  all  bnnches  of 
TOoeperity  are  linked  together. 
The  losses  of  the  merchant  will> 
in  their  turn,  fall  upon  the  culti- 
vator, and  the  agricultural  class  of 
the  people  will  be  drained  of  the 
money  diat  will  be  lost  on  the  de* 
solated  plains  of  Spain.  Why  do 
not  the  powers  of  the  world  count 
at  this  temUe  moment  what  are 
■the  suffirages  ?  On  one  side  theca 
isa  whole  pec^le,  and  on  the  other 
•—what  shall  I  say? — aome  indi** 
vjdual  interests,  which  endeavour 
to  turn  to  their  advantc^  ezdu* 
sively,  a  restoration  which  was 
intended  for  the  benefit  of  sooietar 
at  large.  The  war  is  not  a.  ques- 
tion relative  to  dynasty ;  itis  alto- 
gether a  party  question.  The  in- 
terests <rf  royalty  are  not  opo- 
oemed,  but  cmly  those  of  a  par^i 
true  to  its  ancient  hatreds  and  its 
ancient  pretensions^  and  which  is 
less  amUtious  to  preserve  than,  to 
re-Kxmquer.  It  is  wished  to  obtain 
revenge  on  the  tops  of  the  Pyre- 
nees. What  substantial  motives 
could  induce  Franee,  now  so 
happy,  so  tranquil  and  so  pros- 
perous, to  risk  the  chances  of  a 
war^  with  Spain?  What  has  Fnoioc 
to  complain  of?  All  her  complaints 
are  reduced  to  this— the  Spanish 
charter  is  full  of  imperfections.  I 
myself  think  thut  it  is  full  of  im- 
p^ections :  but  how  long  is  it 
since  neighbouring  nations  have 
believed  UCTSselves  authorised  lo 
eisact  of  an  independent  pecjple 
the  reformation  of  its  political 
laws  ?  With  such  a  thecny,  what 
would  become  of  the  independence 
of  nations?  What  wnyilur  re- 
formers, what  strange  Lycucgusesy 
a  hundred  thousand  soldiers,  speeds 
Uy  to  be  foOowed  by  as  mai^ 
mntejWOttlAmfdtt]  Whokittkit 


tngoflU  l^sgnwe'was  the 
reward  of  my  aineerity.  After  so 
loi^aBiBtaml,rI  find  myself  by 
a  smgular  destiny,  under  the  ne- 
cessity of  renewing  the  same 
cftrts  and  the  same  oounads! 
The  speech  from  the  throne  has 
idMost  banidied  the  last  hope  of 
the  friends  of  peace.  However, 
war  is  net  yet  dedared.  Peers  of 
France,  a  moment,  a  sinde  mo- 
ment still  remains  toens&e  you 
to  preserve  your  king  and  country 
frixn  the  chances  of  so  dangerous 
aa  enterprise.  The  wid^  of 
the  French  people  are  decidedly 
for  peace.  All  the  parts  (Mf 
this  vast  empire,  which  presents 
ao  many  various .  interests,  are 
unanimous  on  this  question.  Lille 
coincides  Mrith  Strasburg,  Lyons 
widi  Bordeaux,  and  Mars^lles 
witii  Groiolde.  The  most  inso- 
lent party  spHt  cannot  dispute 
this  fact.  And  how  should  it  be 
odnrwise  ?  In  this  case,  have  not 
Uie  sfaiiMiwners  of  Bordeaux  and 
Marseilles  the  same  interest  as  the 
mannfiicturer  of  Lyons  or  Rouen  ? 
Is  not  the  one  in  danger  of  being 
robbed  ci  the  treasures  which  he 
has  earinrked  on  the  sea,  and  is 
not  the  other,  by  being  suddenly 
deprived  of  his  most  important 
outlets,  eiqposed  to  the  rids  of 
being  compelled  to  shut  up  those 
wardiouses,  which  once  constituted 
his  i^ofy  and  the  prosperity  of  our 
oonntry?  Need  I  mention  that 
portion  of  ^ne  population,  who 
^  only  by  their  daily  kboor, 
and  who,  through  the  reduction 
in  th^  price  of  that  labour,  now 
earn  ol^y  a  part  of  ^e  wa^s 
necessary  to  support  their  famihes, 
and  who,  from  day  to  day,  may 
run  the  risk  of  being  deprived  of 
this  lastresource ?  Can  you  sup- 
pei^,  gentlemen,  that  the  most 
PottiiaMiis  ftaie  of  »||ri6tt9to»  m 


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fflSTORY  OF  BUROPE.; 


Itm 


ft  is  widied  to  ianjiose  upon  bf  this 
poBticfll  Don  QuizotkmP  Does 
any  person  flatter  himself  that  the 
aeeret  of  this  new  crusade  is  a 
mpAerj  to  the  people?  No; 
Spun  with  its  acquired  liberty, 
Spain  without  privileged  orders,  is 
an  istolerahle  ^ectade  for  piide 
to  wkness;  it  cannot  be  endured, 
and  it  is  necessary  to  do  that  in 
Spain  which  it  has  not  bean  poa- 
slde  to  do  in  France — ^to  effect  a 
comiter^feyidution.  The  king,  is 
deceived!  It  is  our  duty  to  unde* 
cehre  him.  He  is  told  diat  his 
people  desire  war,  when  tfa^  wish 
fe  peace.  He  is  told  that  the 
hottour  of  his  crown  would  be 
coHiponuBed  if  he  did  not  revenge 
the  mBuhsn^iich  have  been  ofiered 
to  Ferdinand  7th.  His  ancestor 
Louis  14th  did  not  revenge  insults 
much  more  heinous;  and  on  a 
point  of  dignity  Louis  14th  is  not 
a  model  to  be  defused.  The  hap- 
tiness  of  France  is  the  ^ory  of 
Louis  18th ;  and  he  is  worthy  of 
enjoying  such  glory.  It  is  said, 
mt  ^Mn  being  a  prey  to  anarchy 
is  dm^etoos  wc  France.  Facts 
are  boore  us  to  answer  this.  Isit 
tnie,  that  anarchical  doctrines  have 
made  alamdng  progress  in  France  ? 
On  the  contrary,  has  not  power 
made  its  greatest  acquisitions 
amongst  us  since  the  revolution 
of  Spain  ?  Do  not  fear  to  make 
the  truth  known  to  the  kine :  he 
will  never  reject  it ;  and  wi£  this 
oonvietion,  I  suppttt  the  amend- 
ment  moved  1^  the  baron  de 
Barente.  As  to  what  may  be  the 
aseret  wish  of  Ferdinand  7th,  I  do 
not  presume  to  ^e  a  personal 
epinSon ;  I  derive  it  from  the  past, 
which  is  but  too  well  known.  The 
king  of  Spain  was,  doubdess,  never 
more  completely  deprived  of  liber^r 
than  during  the  seven  years  of  m 


peal  to  the  reeollection  of  smne-  ef 
my  noble  oolka^nes,  whetlwr  at 
that  painful  penod  they  did  jMit 
find  that  neither  ibitir  brilliant 
names  nor  their  affisctin^  attach;* 
meat  ware  cmble  of  inspnrine  tbai 
sovereign  wiu  sufficient  conMenoe 
to  make  him  regard  the  atlcaipt 
which  they  wished  to  make  for  Us 
deliverance,  as  any  other  thnv 
than  an  act  of  temerity,  of  whim 
he  would  become.the  victim. 

The  first  ameadnMHt  not  hayiw 
been  carried,  a  second  aad  modified 
amendment  was  propoaad  b^  the 
count  de  Segur,  and  suppocfted 
by  the  count  I^ffu ;  it  was.opposed 
t^  M.  de  Villde  and  viscount  de 
CHiateaubriand,  and  was  finally  lost 
by  a  minority  of  90  to  5a.  The 
original  project  of  address  was  then 
ad^ited  by  a  majority  of  99agaant 
26.  Onthesubjectdfthewarwith 
Spain  it  contained  the  foHowing 
passi^s: 
^<Why  must  the  memorahia 
example  of  iht  rapid  unexpected 
return  of  our  prosperity,  after  uti« 
heard-of  misfortunes  and  losses,  be 
lost  to  Spain,  when  that  xetum  is 
evidently  due  to  the  trtuaph  of 
legitimacy,  as  well  as  to  the  inti- 
mate  alliimce  of  religioB,  order,  and 
liberty  ?  And  by  what  fateUty 
have  the  disinterested  oouBselsof 
a  monan^  whose  wisdom  is  re- 
spected, and  whose  good  fidth  is 
iMRuiured  by  Europe,  been*re|aoted 
by  those  who  hold  under  the  yoke 
a  nation  wilii  whioh  we  have  not 
only  the  relations  of  victnace  and 
redproeal  wants,  but  also  me  ties 
which  arise  from  politiealintcreals, 
a  common  fatth,  nsd  thekradradof 
the  sovereigns  ? 

"  ^re,  to  preserve  ^pam  finn 
any  imnunent  ruin,  the  coaaa- 
quences  of  which  would  be  ttttX 
to  our  own  twmquiltityy  you  haw 
mBmami  It  mntlMiiflipOFraioht 


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Ul4]     ANNUAL  RBGISTER,  1823. 


at  tfMlr  knd  maidies  a 
fri&M  of  yoar  iudiy--^  that 
Mttotl  ftmUy  always  prodigal  of 
iti  wood  whm  its  dory  and  outs 
-mm  al  mka.  Such  aa  anny  is 
mmkf  of  baviafr  fiar  its  chief  a 
Mineaof  Hied  vuoor  j  hisirirtoes 
nm  ^e  mtt  {dodge  which  yoar 
iBfl)etty  presonlf  to  the  people 
wiMAn  yoQ  wish  to  doHver;  to 
•tiM  people  to  whom  is  ofimd  a 
salutaty  support  to  assist  them  in 
faaliy  cmqang  from  tiie  anarchy 
wiaoh  dofoun  them,  and  in  soa- 
nmtoeiiig  a4  the  same  time  uietr 
nwn  happisoK  and  the  repose  of 
oatftonsy  tmder  the  proteetioii  of  in- 
stitatioBs  ffoely  emanatjng  from 
kntitaste  autlunaty. 

^'  1%  hefamni  to  your  majesty 
akMM^  to  deluemte  on  the  mat 
qaostiaas  of  war  and  peace.  This 
niaction  of  the  high  prerogatite 
oortWed  to  youh^  Frondenoe,  you 
have  exercised  with  that  matori^ 
ti^idi  aoch  grate  circumstances 
itfiand.  For  ounelves^  Sare^  cer- 
tain of  your  bre  for  your  poopk> 
wladi  will  induoa  3rou  to  oonfiae 
the  waCy  if  it  he  iuevitahle,  within 
the  uarioweat  cinde,-^-confidflnt  in 
yviir  pmdeBce,  which  will  allow 
BO  opportunity  for  cooduding  an 
honourable  peace  to  escape*— we 
sooerre  with  raipect  this  important 
opiaaimwfatkm^  and  we  r^ieat 
with  yott  that  we  are  Frenchwiea. 
Yes^  Smf  the  peers  of  your  king-* 
dom,  to  whom  the  name  of  Frenci- 
mea  is  the  proudest  of  titloi^  pas- 
aess  the  featimonts  and  know  the 
fhitieB  of  Uiflt  name*  and  th^  will 
with  all  thehr  efii^s  concur  in 
■mimaining  the  dignity  of  your 
crown,  and  the  honour  and  secunty 
of  the  eoonlry/' 

The  pEDJeet  of  the  address  from 

the  ChamoiNr  of  D^utaes  was  not 

•uhmatted  to  that  assembly,  till  the 

••MtofFobrtiMy*    On  that  day  the 


dilcasBion  of  U  took  phaa  in  a  la- 
ciet  sitting,  whieh  lasted  bam 
half-past  one  till  eight  in  the 
evening.  After  the  proposed  ti» 
dress,  whidi  was  enturdly  cm- 
foniudde  to  the  prineqdes  snd 
Tiews  diaotesed  in  the  ^leech  tea 
the  throne,  had  been  read,  II.  de 
la  Bourdonnaye,  a  violent  royslist, 
ascended  the  tribune.  Heattacksd, 
in  general  terms,  the  oondnct  df 
that  party  in  the  ministry  who  at 
one  time  were,  or  were  suppondto 
be,  unfriendly  to  the  war.  Bj 
postponing  hortilities  so  long,  time 
had  been  flowed  to  the  SpaniaidK 
to  prepare  diemselves,  whilst,  Iw 
deciding  at  an  opportune  pem, 
M.  de  la  Bourdonnaye  thought 
they  would  have  been  taken  b^ 
surprise,  and  victory  rendered  ea^. 
M.  de  Keigorlay  ^oke  at  grest 
leittth  to  demonstrate  the  jostke 
and  the  necessity  of  the  rudit  of 
intervention.  M.  de  Villme,  in 
reply  to  the  attadu  directed  i^wuiit 
him>  said  that  at  the  period  whfin 
he  was  reproached  with  having 
testified  pacific  intentions,  the 
state  of  the  finances  and  the  anay 
did  not  penmt  France  to  ooauaeaee 
waf ;  iW  the  government  Ikm 
did  every  thing  uat  waa  in  their 
pow»,  by  fafourin^  the  intecatl 
disaenoonsof  Spain;  that  unses^ 
senahle  prenarations  would  only 
have  exposed  Ferdinand  to  danger. 
"  Every  thing,"  said  he>  "  wmoh 
could  be  don&  against  the  eonstittt- 
tionalsystem,  was  done.  It  was  dif- 
ficult to  supply  the  esUiavagant  de- 
mands for  men  and  DMniey  made  by 
the  chiefs  of  bonds ;  but  asatstanee 
was  given  them,  insurrection  wis 
stirred  up  wherever  it  wa$  pos- 
sible. ♦  " 

♦  This  celebrated  passage  in  M.  d« 
VllWle't  speech,  in  which  he  avoirs  that 
h^  hftdfiNBcnted  the  ci  v)l  distorbaoces  tu 
Spain,  was  sunsd  diOeieutiy  in  diiersot 


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HISTORY   OF   EUAom 


[m 


Mtet  Ail  tfpeech,  the  general 
tiamm  tras  closed ;  ^e  projeci 
tfibt  address  was  r^  a  second 
toHe^  Biid  two  amendnietitt  were 
LjMjOMsdly  one— 4)y  M.  Ottvergier 
tt  mtiranne^  declaring  tliat  the 
fttmber  eageny  embraced  the  last 
ba^  of  peace ;  the  second  by  M. 
lAn^  exppKsring  nearly  the  same 
sflinfticnts,  bnt  in  a  manner  less 
a^lidt  These  two  amendments 
mt  rise  to  an  animated  debate. 
The  left  lide  and  centt«  did  not  take 

Eitt  H^  tin  after  the  discussion 
liiftt^  on  general  interests. 
wM.  Cafadtion  and  Leseignenr 
•*«  on  the  interests  of  com* 
W!tc  and  indnstty.  General 
MrfRiaiti  pointed  oitt  the  dan* 
1^  6f  an  expedition  tflanned  to 
MM  conquests  for  absolute  powei: 
in  ^aain,  in  order .  to  intrdduce 
9bfmm  ittfb  Fr«n6c.  General 
Wt  jfoposetl  an  amendment^  of 
Wn  the  c^ed  was^  that^  in  th^ 
«••*»»  rf  war  pttMng  inctittitble,  at 
Mil  Ae  Fn?nch  territory  should 
teiuamftleed  fltnd  the  nresence 
^ht^ign  atudKaries ;  and  he  re* 
4««led  the  rtitaister  fat  fbreign 
4lki  to  tfMuB  known  to  the  a»> 
Mtttly  fkfe  Mate  of  our  relations 
irtA  tfcfltffe  powers  i^hose  co-opera*, 
^ni  Ungnt  d6  feaitxl. 

M^ieClfliteaubriand  commenced 
tti^  fjwn  his  sew,  but  at  the 
n)Mt  (C  the  chamber  ascended 
*te  trihinev  «md  declared  that  he 
^te  14WI  prepared  to  answer  the 
fj^om  put  to  him ;  that  it  be^ 
i*|rt  to  the   king  tb  conclude 


._^_- — .  the  wordi  jg^  ven  above  wcw  the 
^jwk  ueribed  to  bim  in  the  Journal  du 
fti*T«ie.  Thottgh  the  difference  In 
ttMcflDMrtl  of  dUftreat  reporters  shOaM 
te  f%yi|iil  lo  t^i^i  tht  €«ldeiica  of  «o 
^Miotti  no  aoknotrlodgmeiii  iiucif- 
jmii,  ftX  tlic  charge,  when  brought  by 
•mi,  mitetttcd  mifrthtcdy  ^d  all  ct^ 
lymvedilstniUii 


whatetet  treaties  he  judged  tt^ 
cessary;  and  that,  as  the  kins^s 
minister,  he  could  not  dimlge  m 
secrets  of  which  he  was  the  d^ 
pdaitary ;  that  he  could,  however, 
alHilB,  that  as  plenipotentiary  at 
Verona,  he  had  not  concloded  any 
treaty  derogatory  to  the  honour  <jf 
Fnuice.  M.  Chautdifi  was  also 
heairl,  aftd  proj^sed  another  iiiiieiid<- 
ment  against  the  project  of  the 
address.  The  chamber  rejected  afl 
the  amendments,  by  voting  the 
prefimis  question :  and  the  projeet 
of  the  address  was  adopted  by  a 
maj^ty  of  S09  totes  to  99. 

The  address,  which  WM  toted  hjr 
so  ItfKikki^iant  a  majdnly,  wta  mtleh 
more  watiike  in  its  tenor  thih 
ts^en  the  speech  to  Which  it  was  an 
answer ;  and  it  spoke  a  l^guage 
less  auitklder  to  the  popular  repns 
sentatives  than  the  rejdy  of  the 

Cerswodid  have  been.  The  peers, 
thdr  flddreas  to  the  throne,  if 
they^Udnotr«tnittate,atleastdidndt 
re-echo  the  infamous  maxim^  Ifirft 
the  Spaniards  tonM  receive  and 
hold  their  Vberties  only  ftoM  the 
hands  and  at  the  wffl  of  king  Feiw 
w&aiML  Tlus  defleleficy,  however, 
was  amply  supplied  by  the  depu- 
ttoi;  ittid  the mof^  democratic  part 
nK  the  constitution  avowed  a  fttht- 
dple,  according  to  Which,  if  ft  had 
«!?  foundation  in  truth,  they  them^ 
aeives  could  not  have  existed,  and 
would  riot  then  have  been  assem* 
bled  in  their  haU,  to  betray  ever^ 
princlfde  of  ireedom*  The  addt^sb 
was  in  the  Mowing  wordjv  >- 

^  Shre,— It  is  with  tentifaiente 
always  of  ^e  most  profound  gratis 
tnde  and  lote,  that  your  fknhM 
subjects,  the  deputies  of  the  departs 
ments,  apprOadb  to  depose  at  the 
ibot  of  the  tnitmb  the  hcmiage  df 
•their  respect. 

"  The  necessity  of  the  Itgulat 
tot«  rf  the  ta«6i  m^le  It  t^  dtfty 


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166]    ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1823. 


promptly  to  answer  the  summons. 
The  apmhatkm  of  the  king,  and 
tiie  public  welfare,  are  our  recom- 
pense. 

**  Under  a  firm  and  paternal  go- 
vernment the  internal  situation  of 
lihe  kingdom  could  not  fail  of  im« 
fntmnff.  The  wisdom  and  cou- 
rage of  the  magistrates,  the  loyalty 
of  juries,  whose  consciences  no- 
iJuBg  has  intimidated,  have  de- 
feated conspiracies  wherever  form- 
ed, and  justice  has  destroyed  the 
hopes  of  impunity  entertained  by 
the  fieurtious. 

''  Sire,  it  was  reserved  to  the 
most  Christian  king  to  raise  our 
temples  horn  their  ruins.  Thanks 
to  your  pious  solicitude,  religion 
daily  re-assumes  that  salutary  in- 
fluence which  inspires  men  with 
Sjiore  attachment  to  their  duties^ 
more  respect  for  the  laws  of  their 
country.  The  conventions,  recently 
concluded  by  your  nuy^ty  with 
the  Holy  See,  have  restored  to 
your  churches  their  former  pas- 
tors. Soon  will  labour  and  indi- 
grace  find,  tiiroughout  even  the 
provinces,  the  consolation  and  re- 
lief of  wlddi  they  have  been  so  long 
deprived. 

''  The  ordinances  of  your  ma- 
jesty. Sire,  have  pr^red  new 
means  of  economy,  and  fixed  order 
in  the  puUic  accounts.  Hence- 
forth, France  vnll  be  better  in- 
f<Nrmed  of  the  Iqgal  appropriation 
of  the  public  funds.  She  already 
enjoys  the  fruits  of  the  progressive 
improvements  of  the  administra- 
laon  ;  and  an  excess  of  40  millions 
above  the  credits  q)ened  in  1822 
attests  the  prosperous  state  of  our 
finances. 

"  Yes,  Sire,  it  is  by  the  return 
to  religion,  to  l^itimacy,  and  to 
order,  that  tiiis  fine  France,  en- 
joying, at  length,  real  liberty,  diows 
Id  Europe  how  puUic  cidaimtieQ 


"  Why  should  the  exmph  cf 
our  present  prbsperity  and  the  \a* 
sons  of  our  past  misfortunes  be  lost 
upon  a  neighbouring  state,  whoee 
independence  we  do  not  question  ? 
But  can  we  see,  without  alann, 
the  discords  wluch  devour  her, 
and  abandon  oursehres  to  the 
dangers  vrith  which  we  are  xne* 
naced  by  the  calamities  whidi 
affict  her  ? 

"  Destined  by  Providence  to 
close  the  abyss  of  revolutions,  jotff 
majesty,  in  his  paternal  solicitude, 
has  made  every  effort  to  guarantee 
your  subjects,  and  save  Spain  her- 
self from  the  disastrous  effects  of 
the  rebellion  of  a  band  of  pjerjurtd 
soldiers.  A  blind  infiituation  his 
rdected  the  counsel  of  the  chief 
of  the  august  fiunily  of  the  Bour* 
bons. 

"  Sire,  we  are  Frenchmen ;  no 
sacrifices  will  be  considered  •  too 
great  by  your  subjects,  to  defend 
Uie  digni^  of  your  crown,  and 
the  honour  and  security  of  France. 

"  It  is  to  your  majesty.  Sire, 
that  it  belongs  to  deliberate :  it  is 
for  us  to  concur,  by  all  our  efforts, 
in  the  noble  enterprise  of  suppres* 
sing  anardiy — ^to  recognise  peace 
alone— to  restore  to  liberty  aprince 
of  jrour  blood— to  ensure  the  re- 
pose of  Spain — ^to  consolidate  that 
of  France— to  deliver  from  the 
yoke  of  oppression  a  Tnagnanimous 
people,  who  assisted  us  to  burst 
our  own  fetters,  and  who  can 
only  receive  from  their  lc|^timat8 
sovereign  mstitutions  conJmmable 
to  tiieir  views  and  manners. 

^'  Sire,  your  courageous  and 
fiuthful  army,  which  knew  hoir 
to  contemn  the  dastardly  insinua- 
tions of  revolt,  goes  forth  with 
ardour.  Under  the  banner  of  the 
lily,  at  the  voice  of  your  majesty, 
guided  by  a  pz^ce  that  your  neart 
and  your  9ttlgeGted«%^  in  cfiUii| 


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HISTiMfY   OF  BUROPB; 


iW 


jonr  um,  ibis  noble'  itaiidaid  will 
only  pEodaim  eaemifls  to  the  fac« 


**  We-  return  thanks  to  your 
mijefty  for  the  precautions  which 
jou  bare  taken  to  protect  our 
maritjtaie  coounerce.  Your  pre- 
sciei^  wisdom  watches  over  all  our 
intelsstSy  and  the  naval  forces 
of  jour  majesty,  which  have  so 
often  afforded  timely  aid  to  hu« 
nanity^  will  maintain  with  equal 
devation  the  honour  of  the  French 

^'  Sire,  your  faiths  subjects, 
the  deputies  of  the  departments, 
deeply  affected  by  your  royal 
promises,  will  repeat  them  to  your 
people.  They  will  tell  them  that 
the  moat  just  of  kings  wills  the  as- 
sembling and  maintenance  of  his 
armies,  only  with  the  view  of  pre- 
serving social  order^and  defending 
our  oountry  and  our  institutions 
bom  all  contagious  and  disorga- 
idsing  principle." 

On  the  10th  of  February, 
ViOele  broughtforward  thebudget, 
which,  so  far  as  regarded  the  pre- 
sent year,  had  been  partially  settled 
in  1822. 

The  grants  for  1821,  according 
to  the  minister's  statement,  ex- 
ceeded the  charges  by  32,5d7il81f. 
which,  in  the  account  presented  to 
the  chamber  in  June,  1822,  had 
been  stated  at  only  31,542,405f., 
sad  estimated  at  that  amount  in 
die  budget  for  1 822.  The  budget 
of  that  year  also  presented  a  sur- 
plus of  grants  beyond  the  expenses 
of  9,292,330  f.  There  was,  there- 
fore, a  sum  left  unemployed  for 
1823  of  10,287,106  f. 

In  1822,  the  credits  granted, 
had  been  exceeded  by  25,355,537f. 
m  eonsemience  of  expenses  not 
provided  for  by  the  law.  The  re- 
ceipts of  the  same  year,  howev^,. 
€ue6dci  the  estimates ;  vii.  (or  ro- 


girtMtioii,  4,80^097f.;  woods, 
275,59£tf.;  customs,  8,045,983f.; 
salt,  955,835f.;  indirect  taxes, 
10,82d,599f;post.office,700,786f:; 
the  bttezy,  3,325,62/(f.;  miscel- 
lanies, 894f. ;  the  negotiation  of 
the  12,000,000f:  realiaed  in  1822, 
16,493,59^.  These  sums,  de« 
ducting  800,000f.of  defakationson 
various  artides,  made  45,532,322f. 
of  excess  in  Uie  estimated  reoe^ta. 
Thus  the  ad|ostment  of  the  bu^et 
c^  1822  i^esented  the  following  re- 
sults:— 

Receipts 958,859,98^ 

Expenses    • 9^6,201,182 

Excess  of  the  di^osa- 

ble  receipt  on  Ist  of 

January,  1 823  •  •  •  •  32,658,801 
Which,  added  to  the 

disposable  excess  of 

1821     10,287,106 


Made  the  surplus  ap- 
plicable to  the  ser- 
vice of  1823 42,945,907 

Tlie  minister  admitted,  that  the 
eircumstanoes,  under  which  these 
receq>ts  and  eiqienses  were  about 
to  be  placed,  impose4  the  obligation 
of  looking  forward  to  the  diminu- 
tion whidi  mig^t  oecur  in  the 
former,  and  tl^  increase  which 
might  inevitablv  arise  in  the  lattm*. 
The  estimates  for  1823  had,  how- 
ever, been  made  on  so  low  a  scale, 
compared  with  the  receipts  of  1822; 
that  there  was  reason  to  appro* 
bend  that  the  ordinaiy  wants  of 
the  current  public  service  would 
not  be  covered  by  the  receipts 
which  had-  been  appropriated  to 
them  in  the  preceding  session. 
[See  vol.  LXIV.  p.  197.] 

As  to  extraordmary  wants,  the 
minister  said,  it  was  impossible  to 
foresee  them^with  pvedsioii,  and  it 
would  be  contrary  to  the  intemtsof 
die  coimtry,  to  publish  befoff^aod 


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IM]     ANlfUAL   RBGISTEB*  1823. 


te  cbtai}  of  tks  tfmaBMttte  fo 
wUdiihfi  go/vemmeat  migbt  tUnk 
fit  tar  devnfte  its  attnMioa,  Wo 
ecaweh^  toid  hd,  ft)iitim«ueheuN 
wiwilinrpB^  our  dulf  will  be  to 
ooniiia  0Bnfil?et  lo  tskitg  of  tiie 
diMttber  a  mpplmnmitBiy  oredit  of 
100,oa(M)00£»  wbicb  Ibe  miiiislsr 
•f  inaate  cannat  tMi^  exoeptto 
meet  die  flalrafltdinary  expeoaei 
in  tba  difercat  tmaislerifd  dqsart* 
mmiM,  ia  viitoo  af  the  royal  oidv- 
aaD0«c  wUdi,  ai  well  a«  idl  the 
supplementary  credits^  will  be  fuh* 
laUted  to  the  ratification  of  the 
laWy  with  the  accounts  of  the  8er<> 
vices  for  which  they  might  be  re* 
quired.  A  creation  of  four  mil- 
li^asof  rtmles,  added  to  4^,945^7f • 
of  excess  on  the  e^menses  of  the 
services  of  1821  and  1822,  will 
«wnplat9  &r  1823  the  means  of 
satining  the  eventual  and  extra- 
ordinary wants  for  the  service  ^ 
this  year. 

The  minister  then  took  a  view 
of  the  providon  fbr  the  receipts 
aad  oomenaH  of  1804.  In  pursu- 
aneeofthaohafgo^  augmonlatioaBy 
9mi  tetaedfiLom  which  he  ati^ied, 
iiia  aanaual  of  the  reoaipts  ior 
li^  would  k^  90^^94^A90('f  and 
the  eapewief  908,77Q»01  tf.,  kamg 
a  pfa^awd  auvplus  of  the  reoaipts 
to  the  aaMHiat  ^  56^A76l  As 
the  lav  was  finally  sattjed  towards 
tba  end  ef  the  aawiattj  the  oidiiiary 
ahargac  weaa  amngad  in  the  M 
laving  arala  :-<^ 

1.  ThaaapeoMof  the       Franes. 
'  eoaaolidatod     debt* 

:^af  the  amai^Maa- 

Maal^  weie  izad  at  2^87.086,^08 
Si,  Th0   gaiwaal  ex* 

penses  of  the   go^ 

yermmapt  waro  - 
Gmmi  Expanses  ..,  S^5,99dlfiB9 
CaUactHigy    nmnflgn 

jnatie,  deideoriesf .  1^,701^9 


Tha  Anaaciri  hmt,  it  emjt 
stage  of  their  pragfe«»  kd  Ip  tho 
most    animated  discussion  of  the 
poiiey  of  the  Spaimh  war ;  ftad, 
the  langnage  wU^  had  heea  insd 
in  tlie  £nglidi  parKamcnt  boiag 
by  diii  time  known  aU  am  Sii« 
npe,  the  Fnench  oppoditiQa  mm* 
aKmed  to  their  aid,  as  a  powfrfttl 
authority,  the  consenting  vaire  of 
that  country,  where  ftaedam  tnd 
loyalty  ware  aHhe  vefarcd,  ani 
inaeparahfy  Mended  tc^gather.    la 
one  of  the  debates.  General  Fnf, 
ia  taking  a  rapid  eorv^  of  ^e 
Spanidi  faw>lution,  and,  dist  it 
waa  repeoachaUe  wiA  fewer  «a^ 
eesses  than  any  other  in  hii^oiT* 
This  remark  littrinc  dawn  (vHk 
violent  mimauring  mas  the  rigk^ 
ode,  ''  Geotknien*"  said  §mai 
Fey,  ''  1^  is  iiot  my  laD^unps 
it  is  that  of  an  En^iA  onsiM^ 
lord  liverpoeL"  ^  What  is  that  «• 
us?      What  is  thin  nan  to  as? 
What  is  this  man  ?"  was  the  ili^ 
sww  made  from   the  annii*9n^ 
benches.     General  Foy  eeniai^ 
'^  You  adk  what  ia  thia  a:iQn^    I 
tell  you,  be  is  one  of  die  sappartwf 
of  ancient  institutions  in  Ea^^and^ 
he  is  one  of  the  colitnias  of  the 
English  aristecxaey ;  a  man  rm 
pe(^  in  his  couatrf  far  Us  pfif 
bity  and  mederatian ;   and  vk> 
passes  lor  having  no  yery  Mij 
a&ction  for  Ubeisal  ideas*" 

The  ministers,  especially  Ctt^ 
taanbriand,  wave  efually  eager  tP 
auppf  rt  their  f^tem  by  tibe  autho- 
rity t£  Ei^land,  and  hf  a  curiims 
jHixtura  of  giKMis  knefance,  and 
iUogioal  leasoning,  foimd  oat,  tMt 
tb^  war  agpahiat  SpaiQ  was  n- 
ite^f  mailof^im  to  our  war  with 
France  in  1793.  In  this  nnahvfi 
be^des  overlooking  tihe  wide  w> 
^Mrence  betwe^m  tha  situalaeii 
and  eoaduot  of  S|win  in  I8tt. 
aod  of  Fiane^  in  17^2,  thejr  finfo^ 


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Hlirrpiiy  op  eu»opb. 


Ctflft 


if  too  often  fogga^bBa  ev«ii  MM»g 
oiii9dveB-i-4h4t  in  1793  wmt  was 
Qvrt  iMTffflfljntd,  •  Qipd   hr<til*tiiy 

IgBdagainftt  Franoe,  but  I17  France 
i^mit  Fi^lancU 

Chgtwftwteand'a  mat  elaborate 
drfenoe  of  the  policy  of  the  miiiii.<. 
ten,  was  addreMed  to  tbe  Chamber 
of  Doputia^  on  the  25th  of  Fe«v 
bruaryf  After  a  tissue  of  mis- 
tampflwtsaiid  blvwden^  with  De* 
mftct  to  what  Englajid  had  done, 
b^  continued  in  these  words : 

''  Our  foUtkaliuterosts  lorecomp* 
pooMeiiy  the  revoluticm  of  Spain 
bas4«stsoyedapartofourcQinnerc^ 
sod  we  are  oU^^  to  keep  up  ships 
ff  wan  to  protect  what  remains. 
The  wfir  in  Spain,  by  interruptiog 
our  lelationa  with  Spain^  has  xe« 
dueed  to  half  the  value,  land  in 
the  d^artments  bordining  on 
S^tain.-  A  great  number  of  manu- 
iactoaes  have  )ost  their  vent  in 
^ain;  our  consuls  have  been 
threatened  in  their  persons  j  in 
fine,  our  territory  ha^  been  violated 
three  times. 

"  War  is  then  indispensable ! 
It  is  preferable  to  tiiis  state  of 
demi-hostiUties,  whidi  has  all  the 
iaconven^ces  of  war  without  its 
advaptageay  aii4  wl»ich  exposes  our 
soldiers  to  all  insinuations  of  the 
agents  of  discnders. 

"  The  violation  of  our  territory 
M  ei^u^  to  justify  our  anned  in- 
tanreatMm.  Engjaod  herself  de- 
clared ot  VerQn2H*-Lord  Welling* 
Urn  said  there,  that  the  king  his 
imstVj  had  no  objection  to  make 
to  the  measurea  01  France  towards 
tbe  Spaniards,  and  especially  those 
to  guard  against  the  moral  conta- 
gion of  pcfitical  principles  and  the 
vicdation  of  the  French  territory "" 


'' After  liiMFkif  eHMMl^  ^ 
the  s^eoehes  whdh  aae  nMde  m. 
France  against  the  Holy  Alliinafj; 
I  arrived  at  the  coiigms  vith  pre- 
judieas  which  are  m^v^ty  f$,Ymm^[ 
able  to  it.      I  had  be^  a  litde 
shaken   by  the  caininfties  whidi 
were  every  day  vepeOedi   tatt  J 
saw  there  only  prineiplea  aboimU 
ing  in  modfiwatiflii,  aiid  Ix^pk  who 
w^e  honest  m^*    J«seeoUeet  that 
one  day  the  «»perer  of  RumMiid 
to  me*-"'Iamv«y  giedtbai|K(JMei» 
cpme  to  Verona,  in  order  that  ^> 
may  befiome  «  witness  to  the  ewfei* 
ments  of  Rusaa-     When  aaeial 
<^der  is  in  d«iger>  policy  shrould 
neither  be  English.   Riinsisi^  4« 
Prussian;  there  should^  (I gene* 
ml  policy  only  admitted  fiir  ibe 
salvation  c(  the  people  and  of 
kings.    Nothing  seems  mere  to  a^ 
inteoBst  than  a  peligioes  wnv  wit^ 
Turkey ;  but  I  faeve  notieod  Mevo« 
lutionary  symptoms  in  the  treo^  of 
the  Pe^Nonne8us,  and,  tbeirefeiies 
I  would  not  assist  dent.    I  wUl 
never  ii^>a»ite  myself  fnm  the 
monarohft  ivith  wh^  I  am  naited^ 
I  have  00  need  of  nywWiiriwg 
my  empire;  and  Oadliea  giym 
me  $O0fiQ0  soldmr^  only  to  pi^ 
tect  reUgVm  mid  the  people*'    A 
prince,  who  holds  audi  hr^gma^g 
will  not  pnopose  any^  thieig  to 
France  wiueh  will  oompnimse  kcv 
interests  and  indapQ^denee,   Thvet 
whatever  baa  been  siedat  Vevmik 
the    allied   powers   he^    sever 
i^poken  of  war  with  Sfmn$  hn$ 
have  only  been  of  opiieoQ  tbil 
France  would  ha  filmed  te  wnipe 
war.     At  Vemne  no  tma^  hnxH 
t]ia[ifiome    to   Fraaee   has  bem 

rken  of,  nor  has  any  passed  on 
subject  of  marthing  foreign 
troops  throu^  our  territory.  What 
then  did  occur  there  ? — only  that 


Af^  a  few  othQT  jjeneral  re-  the  great  powers,  unitei  with 
marks,  passing  to  a  review  oi  ihc  France,  will  gcve  her  idlthiir  SQp•^ 
tn^sfkrtions  at  Verona,  he  said. 

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M01     ANlfUAL    REGISTER,  1823. 


pitft,  oMwiFcuiee  willpreBerve 
tlMhij^  tfoik  that  is  due  to  her  in 
Europe." 

The  Tioilence  of  thete  diBcussiims^ 
M  on  one  occasion  to  an  exertion 
ofpoweronthe  part  of  t^  ultra 
ro3rali8ts^  which  diowed  no  small 
ooriidenceintheirownstrength.  In 
the  debate  on  theSOth  of  Feomary, 
M.  Maaucil,  d^uty  for  La  Vendee 
alfaided  to  the«ondaot  of  Ferdinand 
Tt^-iii  tetms  ei  strong  reproheL*- 
tion;  and  appHed  to  his  sway  the 
^iMiiBt  '<  atrocious:"  the  ul^ti 
members  -  instttntfy  exclaimed^  that 
it  was  insii]^portable  to  hear  tlie 
goremment  af  a  Boorbon  called 
athMloos !  After  oonsideral^ 
tumidt,  M.  Manuel  proceeded; 
"  Forasn  war  would,  instead  of 
suppressuig  th6  excesses  of  civil 
war,  only  aggravate  them.  If 
they  wi^ed  to  save  the  life  of 
Fed&iand,  he  implored  them  not 
to  renew  thecircuttstanoes  which 
had  hurried  to  the  scaffold  those 
whose  fete  inspned  them  wit^  re- 
gret so  intense."  Cries  of  "  You 
are  justifying  regicide !"  assailed 
the- speaker  from  the  ministmal 
benches,  '^  What  caused  the  fate 
of  the  Stuarts  ?"  added  Manuel, 
"  It  was  the  protection  of  France, 
which  placed  them  in  opposition 
to  j$ubhc  opinion,  and  prevented 
then*  looking  to  the  En^h  nation 
for  support.  Must  I  say,  that  the 
moment,  in  whkh  the  dangers  of 
the  royal  Family  of  France  had 
become  the  most  serious,  was  after 
France,  revolutionary  France,  felt 
that  it  was  necessary  to  defend 
herself  with  aew  strength,  and  by 
anienefgywboUynew."*— Scarcely 

•  The  following  were  the  oflfensive 
words'  spoken:—**  Ai-je  bcsoin  de 
dire  qu*au  moment  Oii  les  dangers  de  la 
FunSlle  Royale'  en  France  sont  devenns 
1m  plus'graveii  c'/ttt  lore^ne  la  Fhmce, 


had  this  sentence  been  ntieredt 
when  a  general  burst  of  indigna- 
tion from  the  ministerial  party 
was  manifested :  the  members  of 
the  right  shnnita&eously  arose,  and 
demanded  that  M.  Manud  should 
be  called  to  ordar.  A  violent 
tumult  then  ensued ;  and  the  pre- 
ffldent,  after  rin^ng  his  bell,  and 
trying  every  method  to  restore 
order,  or  to  procure  attention*  at 
last  dismissed  the  members  to  their 
geparate  bureaux.  They  assemltod 
again  in  about  an  hour.  In  the 
bureaux,  a  proposition  was  adopted, 
that  a  commissioii  should  be  nam- 
ed to  consider  the  conduct  of  ^  ob- 
noxious member.  Many  inembers 
thought  that  a  vote  for  his  imme- 
diate expulsion  should  be  pased : 
but  this  course  was  rejected  on  the 
score  of  irregularity.  On  Hiuriiday, 
M.  la  Bourdonnaye  brought  for- 
ward a  proposition  for  Manvel's 
exdusion:  a  commission  was  sp- 
pcMuted  to  examine  it ;  and  on 
Saturday  tJie  1st  of  March,  that 
cominission  reported,  that  *'  they 
unanimously  recommended  to  the 
Chamber  the  expulsion  of  M. 
Manuel,  on  accoimt  of  the  roeecJi 
which  he  delivered  on  the  20th  of 
FelMTuary,  whereby  he  compromis- 
ed the  honour  of  his  charactereC 
Deputy,  and  tbe  dignity  of  die 
Chamber."  On  Monday  the  Srfl 
of  March,  this  report  was  taken 
into  consideration. 

M.  Hyde  de  Neuvill  then  spoke 
in  favour  of  a  more  lenient  course, 
and  moved  that  M.  Manuel,  instead 
of  being  excluded  absolutely  and 
general^,  should  be  expelled  onfy 
for  the  session,  leaving  the'  emm- 
ing  to  resume  proceedings  or  not, 


)a    France     rcvolutionnaire,   a    aenti 

au^lle  avoit  besoin  de  se  defendre  psf 
es  forces  nou^elles  ct  par  uneeneig»> 
toute  nouvelle  ?''  , 


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ISST01IT  OF  "EUBOPB; 


tl»t 


ayffiiiiMy  lo  tke  senae  <tf  what 
mij^l  remfiin #rb0OQ»e  ihe  wajfltw 
itf  of  the  dumber,  ^  the 
ikmgds  whidi  the  ekotuma  night 
pi«Mb«e»  Thin  propon^on  was 
carried  by  a  great  minority.* 


*  Mr.MaanelwMboroatBaraeloa* 
■Me,  ia  the  deaartment  of  the  Hautet- 
Alpesy  and  was  the  son  of  a  Notary,  wlib 
•eat  him  to  Rouergue  to  be  educated  by  an 
oade.  The  imcle»  who  was  an  ecdesi- 
utie,  aooo  obacrfed  cgr  ftoeiad,  that  his 
atphav,  along  with  boldness  of  chaiac- 
luv  (Bsplayedy  even  ininfimcy,  ooosider- 
aUe  natund  talents.  He  sent  bun  to 
Nismes  to  improve  his  education,  whence 
he  returned  home  ftoBi  his  studies  at  the 
eaclyaffeafl^  He  was  about  to  em* 
hack  iallK  tiade,  which  the  inhabitants 
«f  Che  Alps  carry  on  with  Piedmont, 
when  the  Revohition  broke  out,  and  in- 
daoed  him  to  alter  hfeplans.  In  1793, 
Aoogb  than  scareely  17,  he  entered  into 
the  araqr^  and  served  in  the  first  cam* 
pigm  in  Italy  and  Germany.  He  soon 
mse  to  the  nnk  of  captain  of  cavalry^; 
bat,  aboot  the  time  of  the  signing  of  the 
trm^of  Oampo  Panaio^when  he  had 
senml  aU  years,  he  retired  from  the 
aiaiy  in  eonaeiiwenoe  of  ill  health.  At 
tbatepodi,  French  advocates  were  not 
reqmml  to  ondet^  preparatory  exami* 
nations:  they  were  called  ^'oflficial 
delHideiik"  M.  Maanel  performed  the 
paitof  offidal  defender  finr  aaveral  of  his 
fntpd$.  On  these  occasions  his  talent 
ibrpleadinir became  known, and, deter* 
tmmg  to  devote  himself  to  the  bar,  he 
rspaiied  to  Aix,  which,  uader  the  new 
^apanmentfima  the  aeatof  a  court  of 

a»l.  There  he  applied  himself  to 
y,  and  was  soon  capable  of  apnearing 
with  dtstanctioB  in  his  new  pnxession. 
In  IS\6  he  took  an  active  part  a^inst 
the  faaatiea  and  aristocracy  of  Aix. 
AAir  the  raliirn  of  BaonapaHe,  the 
buainasi  of  the  courts  being  in  a  great 
measure  suspended,  M.  Bfanuel  visited 
IWls:  and  he  had  not  been  long  there, 
when  he  lenmnd  that  twoalaetoral  aroli- 
diswweoti  of  the  Hautea  Alpes  had 
letiirned  him  a  deputy.  He  wished  to 
doMme  this  honour,  but  being  urged  by 
hiafijaodstoacoept  it,  betook  hisseal^ 
and  very  soon  be<Ame  a  leading  man  in 
the  cbmnber.  On  the  formation  c£  a 
coomiittee  to  draw  up  the  plan  of  a  con- 
stitutioa,  in  the  name  of  the  provisional 
Vol.  LXV. 


I vei WM imnamg  una  vaia^  m». 
Usmnd,  on   the    foEbwing  day^ 
entered  the  ehamber,  suppctrted  hft 
many  of  his  frkenda,  and  tookhis' 
seat  aa  uaiiaL    The  pneaident  iok 
fiinued  him  of  the  vote  cf  Menda^, : 
and  adviaed  him  to  ^mthtew;- 
he  refiiaed,  and  deobted  he  mmld 
yield  only  to  Ibcoe.    The  mttiaag- 
was  then  Miqpended  for  an  hflinr;> 
and  in  the  maanrime  the  prindpal: 
doomkeqper  entated  and  lead  to  Urn 
the  order  he  had  received  for  hia 
^^oluaion.    M.  Manuel  remained^ 
firm,  and  the  door*keeper  called  in 
apiqiietof  thenatiottalgiiaida:  but 
the  aerjeant  uid  hia  men,  on  being 
addieaaad  by  Uie  members  of  thelett 
side,  dedined  executing  the  ofdara 
they  bad  received,  to  remove  the 
refractory  member  by  foreew    This 
produced  abouta  ofbraval    from 
M.  Manuel's  friends,  as  well  m 
the  salleries  as  on  the  floor  of  the 
cbaim)er.   The  gendarmerie  were 
tiien  called  in,  who  laid  hold  of 
him  and  hurriad  him  out  of  tha 
chambers,   followed   by   all    the 
members  on  the  left  side.    After 
his  ezeluaion,  the    agitation   was 
such,  that  the  president  was  ohUg« 
ed    to  adjourn  the  sitting.    On 
Wednesday  morning  MM.    Foy, 
Laffitte,  and  other  members  of  the 
o|q»6ition    delivered    a    protest 
against    the  proceedings  adopted 
toward    M.     Manuel ;    but    the 
majority,on  the  princiidetbatitwas 
not  competent  to  deputies  to  enter 
any  protest,  refiiaed  to  hear  it  read. 

government,  he  was  chosen  one  of  die 
members.  Aiter  the  dSaaolatiob  of  tfaitt 
asflembly,M.  Maaaal  vetnmedto  pah 
vatelUe.  HeapattadtobaadmHtedto 
the  bar  in  Paris,  but  his  application  was 
Injected  by  the  Procnreuri^GeBeral  BeW 
lart  He  was  several  times  put  in  no- 
mination to  represent  Paris,  but  miais* 
terial  influe^ice  tarried  the  elections 
against  htm  by  small  majorities.  He 
was  at  length  chosen  for  La  Veodee. 
CM] 


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M|    ANlftTAiL  IlBGrSTEB^1823. 


MUkmrnsmOmnt  tmnw/ft  ttw^if  ihe 
Mt  cite  (Uiatb  about  170)  wilh* 
dk«w  in  abody^  and  the  remamder 
^otad  tko  aapfdiisa  fbr  waiv  On 
TlMuiday»  mo  deputies  an  the  kA 
sida  were  iveaanl.  The  chancer 
mel  an  Saturday^  but  no  buneaa  of 
ivposlaiioe  was  traaiactad.  The 
qrfnirtars  v$ere  present^  wi^  only 
flighl  nemban  of  the  left  oentrc^ 
and  aeran  of  the  extiwie  left* 
The  phUest  of  the  60  membera  of 
tiio  Chanber  of  Da|putiea  aaai«at 
the  eadunmof  M.  Manuel  con* 
tainad  tiiia  foUoving  passage:*^ 
'5  WaaraoonTinoadthat  this  ant 
s^  is  but  the  piriude  to  the 
s^pttem  which  oonduott  Fraaoe  to 
an  unjust  war  abroad^  in  older  to 
oontunmalethe  oaunter-i^vQlutifm 
at  hmne,  and  to  invite  the  forttgn 
aaaupBtion.  af  our  temlory/'^ 

IW      ■■■■<f       yil         ■■■!■  m.m»^m,mwm.    ,w>        mm 

.  *  This  protest,  which  wag  not  allowed 
to  appear  on  the  records  of  the  chamber, 
mw  expre»«ed  In  the«e  word«  .— 

**  Wo,  the  un^tenilgnod  Morabeia  oT 
tba  Chaaibar  of  Doputiec  oC  Hiq  d«pfart«. 
laoMts,  declare,  with  protbund  griel'and 
iadl^nution,  that  we  feel  it  to  be  our 
fluty  to  proclaim  before  all  France,  the 
illegal  set,  whieh  in  hoetlKly  to  the 
ohariois  tho  rayal  |iMr«a»tive,  and  aH 
the  priooiplee  of  roiu-esenta^ive  govern- 
mont,  hasatUfked  the  iutegritv  of  the 
i)ational  representation,  and  violated,  in 
the  person  of  a  Deputy,  the  guarantees 
a^saiwd  to^all^tho  righu  of  every 
«leolar  aad  atery  Freaeli  citicen. 
■  •*  Wf  declare,  in  the  face  of  our  coun- 
ti7,  tbat,hv  this  act,  the  Chamber  has 
overstepped  Its  legal  pale  and  the  limits 
6t  its  authority. 

«  We  deekre,  tlialthe  dootrkia  pro- 
fetsied  by  (he  oemmittee  whkh  pro|MMd 
the  exclusion  of  one  of  our  ooUeaguea, 
aad^m  whieh  that  measure  is  founded, 
MMubvOrslfeorall  MMialorderaiidof  all 
jaiHee  ;  that  the  menairoiis  coofuaioii 
of  the  ftinolimiB  of  legisUior,  aecaser, 
reporter,  juryraan,  aad  judge,  is  aa  ant- 
ra^  unexampled  except  in  that  trial,  the 
remeiahrancA  of  which  has  servt-dasa 
mtexl  foriaamaiiflg  the  petwers  of  M. 
Manuel. 

<'  f^X  the  principlea  sat  forth  ia  tl^e 


Dnr^  the  latiainacac  ^  dn 
aaasion,  the  mambeiftof  the  a^trmt 
left  abatoined  from  again  appwnng 
in  their  places  or  taUng  anjr  diaw 
in  the  piooeedingi  of  thQicbaiar» 
bers. 

..These  discuasLons  in  the  le^tfla-* 
tuie  w«ce  aennrnpanied  with  ffreat 
agitation  in  the  public  aaind,  wldoh 
in  some  cases  led  to  breaches  of 
the  peace.  On  Thursday,  the  $th 
of  March>  crowds  of  people, 
amounting  to  between  fivtt  and  six 
hundred  in  number,  assembled  oa 
the  Boulevards  San  Martin,  and 
du  Temple.  They  were  mostly 
of  the  working  clasae^  thowk 
some  few  among  them  wave  of  a 
better  condition*  The  gendarmes 
arrest€4  29  of  them. — Next  day  a 
crowd  assembled  at  Port  St.  Dea*^ 

report  of  the  oomaiitlee,  as  to  the  «d« 
limited  aod  retroactive  authority  of  the 
Chamber,  are  no  other  than  the  anarchi* 
cat  prhiciples  which  led  td  tiieaMt 
odious  of  crimes :  Tiiat  the  pvotaeliag 
(hcma  with  which  the  law  ehkhk  the 
mostoborure  person  under  aceueatiea, 
and  even  the  t^pti  ntmiuai,  which  oa  an 
ihiportant  occasion  am  alone  guamatee 
the  Independence  of  votea,  hawi  taea 
rejected  with  a  frantic  and  tnrholaat 
obstinacy. 

"  Considering  the  resolution  adopted 
yesterday,  the  3rd  of  March,  1883, 
against  our  colleague,  as  the  firal  aieve« 
mentofafiietioftdeeiroiia  of  plvtagii- 
self  viohmtly  aboveall  fbrms,  and  Resale* 
ing  through  all  the  checks  imposed  oa 
it  by  our  fundamental  compact ; 

^*  Convinced  that  this  llret  step  hbul 
theprehide  to  the  syeSein  which  oea* 
duou  Pnuiee  to  anui^juat  ivar  ahmsd, 
in  order  to  eoAsumnate  the  conalsr* 
revolution  at  hoaie,  and  to  invite  the 
foreign  occupation  of  our  territory  ; 

<*  Unwilling  to  heconift  aooompboes 
of  the  misfortuaet  whIcH  tbts  iMliaa 
oannatiail  todcaw  on  cair  rouatc^a* 
pretest  against  all  the  Ulc^cml  and  WMna- 
Atitutionnl  measures  lately  takoa  ta  the 
exclusion  of  M.  Manuel,  Daputy  of  La 
Veadoe,  and  against  the  Tmleiiee  wHh 
which  he  has  been  torn  Ibonri  She  I 
of  the  Cbamhcr  of  Depaties," 


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HirrORY  00  BUROIPE/ 


pa 


nil;  eal^ag  otil  ^Vlve  MaiHiAl: 

loarckmnaye.**  The  gendametie' 
iHipeiiiwI  the  mateMMge  bi  a  few 
■KNnentf  ;  but  the  rielen  in  their 
tsht  aaaukd  a  party  of  Swi9» 
ioUien,  and  woonded  aome  of 
them,  dealhig  or  their  way  Mow* 
on  all  sides,  witiihhidgeonfs  knives^ 
ittid  Btflettoes.  Nine  individuals 
wne  arrested  and  conveyed  to  the 
goafd-bouae,  and  Iran  thence  to 
te  I\pefbctui«.  Among  them  were 
a  civilian^  a  physician,  and  a  mer- 
ihant ;  the  rest  bdonged  to  the 
Meaner  ckstes.  Several  of  them 
W9re  auhsequently  brought  to  trial, 
and  conrHeted  of  the  riot. 

The  |m)spect  of  approaching 
war  esEcited  also  mw^  alarm  in 
ihe  maiiuiiietnring  and  commer* 
Oil  diatriets  cf  Prance. 

On  flie  iOth  of  February  Lyons 
was  the  scene  of  a  disturbance, 
OGcasioDed  by  the  opposition  (^ered 
hydie  aiithOTitiea  and  the  military 
to  the  piogresa  of  a  procession  at 
muksif  which,  under  the  privilege 
of  the  Carnival,  purported  to  repre* 
ttnt  the  FuMtrml  of  Trade.  The 
next  ^my,  in  the  aJ^temoon,  an  in* 
dividual  utteired  aloud  several 
times  on  the  Place  Bdlecour,  the 
aminoos  cry  of  Five  PEmpereur. 
Attempts  were  made  by  the  aen« 
darmes  and  oflleers  to  arrast  him) 
hot  he  was  Kuddenly  surrounded 
hy  a  number  of  persons,  who 
stracfc  them  and  rescued  him.  A 
fttmig  military  force  having  at 
hnt  assembled,  onkr  was  restored, 
and  the  oflbmUng  individual  ar» 
rested. 

A<ldraflsea  IDsewite  were  fare* 
sRited  ta  the  chambers,  signed  by 
ainltitiides  of  persons  engaged  in 
£ffSnrent  branches  of  oomniercial 
and  manufacturing  indusiry,  who 
deprtcatad  war  with  %atn  as 
fatal  to  the  internal  prospwity  of 


Frimiee*  AmMig  ditssi^  rljiiii  the  > 
belief  prevailed,  thai  War  widt' 
Spain  would,  sooner  or  kler,  hnk. 
to  war  with  £nghmd ;  when  theia 
commercial  marine  wnald  be  in^ 
Aantly  swept  away  In  hopeless  de« 
struction.  Even  though  Oreal 
Britain  ^oiild  remain  nentral, 
great  injury  would  be  saslalned 
nrom  the  depredations  of  ^anifJk> 
privateers:  and  that  thdr  feara 
were  not  groundless^,  was  idreadv 
attested  by  the  height  to  whieii 
tiie  premiums  of  insuranee  had 
Suddenly  risen,  and  the  hMi«ase 
which  had  taken  place  in  the  prices 
of  theprindpa]  articles  of  colonial 
produce. 

Rumours,  too,  previ^led,  that 
Russian  armies  \rere  assembling 
in  order  to  support  thoae  of  I^euis, 
and  to  be  ready  to  erarii  any  at-» 
tempts  which  the  disaffeefcd  in 
Prance  might  be  encour^^edtomahe. 
The  supposed  probabiBty  of  en-^ 
eampmenlsof  these semi*hari)aroMS 
hordes  on  the  banks  of  the  Moselle^ 
the  Seine,  or  the  Loire— visitors 
scarcely  less  unwelcome  as  friend.n 
than  as  fbes^-r-was  the  sul^ect  of 
not  very  |4easii^  antinipafticms. 

Amid  these  mrs  and  doubts^ 
Villi^le  and  his  associates  continued 
their  j^reparations  for  war.  'fhe 
sopi^es  were  voted  by  the  sham* 
hers ;  and  the  hepes  of  the  IViends 
of  iieaee  (for  up  to  the  last  mo- 
ment their  wishes  led  them  to 
hope,  contrary  to  every  gmund  of 
reasonaMe  calculation)  were  anni^ 
hilated  by  a  fbrmal  cmnmunicatlml 
of  the  commencement  of  hoatili- 
tics,  made  b)"  the  minister  of  war 
on  the  10th  of  April  to  ik»  Cham* 
her  of  Deputies.  ^*  Gentlemen,*' 
said  he,  "all  eflfhrts  to  stop  the 
eour$e  of  the  faction  which  go- 
verns the  councils  of  Spain  havmg 
mvcd  fbutless,  Monseigneur  the 
Diske  of  Ai^g^l^n^  received  or* 


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164]    ANNUAL  BE6ISTER,  1823. 


den  to  pan  the  ttoatiet,  and,  oa 
the  7th  of  this  month,  passed  the 
Bidassoa  at  the  head  of  Uie  anny." 
The  financial  measures  were  then 
completed ;  and  in  the  mcmth  of 
May  the  session  of  the  chambers 
closed. 

The  details  of  the  war  in  Spain 
belong  to  another  chapter.  It  is 
enou^  to  state  here,  that  the 
French  ministry  experienced,  in  the 
execution  of  their  project,  none  of 
the  embarrassments  which  had 
been  anticipated.  France  remain- 
ed quiet  internally;  her  soldiers 
showed  no  reluctance  to  the  ser- 
rice  in  which  they  were  engaged ; 
Spain  presented  nothing  but  trea* 
son  and  cowardice:  the  invaders 
did  not  conquer,  because  they  had 
no  need  to  ^eht,  but  they  marched 
in  triumphiu  procession  firom  the 
Bidassoa  to  Cadiz,  and  saw  a 
powerful  nation  surrender  its  in- 
dependence into  their  hands  with- 
out even  a  struggle  for  its  h<mour 
and  happiness. 

The  impression,  produced  in 
France  by  these  events,  proved,  how 
little  the  great  body  of  the  people 
of  that  country  (whatever  midit 
be  the  case  with  respect  to  enlight- 
ene4  individuals)  either  understood 
or  cared  for  the  principles  of  ra- 
tional freedom.  They  expressed 
no  vegcet  at  the  progress  of  their 
army  in  Spain ;  they  seemed  ra- 
ther to  take  a  pride  in  acain  strut- 
ting upon  the  stage  of  Europe  in 
the  guise  of  conquerors;  they 
were  tdd  that  they  were  dictating 
to  a  neighbour,  and  their  vanity 
looked  no  farther.  The  duke  of 
Angoul^me  was  metamorphoaad 
into  a  hero,  and  loaded  with  eulo- 
gies, which  would  have  been  ex- 
travagant, oven  if  opplied  to  Tu- 
renne  or  to  Nqx)lcon.  Of  course, 
the  language  of  flattery  cannot 
be  mistaken  for  an  exprcsikm  of 


the  actual  sentiments  of  men. 
But  the  French  make  high  pre- 
tensions to  taste;  and  even  that 
secondary  principle  of  human  na* 
ture  would  cause  some  proportkn 
to  be  kept  between  the  state  of 
public  feding  and  the  ceremonies 
and  addresses  whidi  professed  to 
be  the  expounders  of  it. 

The  triumphal  entry  of  the 
duke  of  Angoultoe  into  Paris 
was  attended  with  one  cirenm- 
stanoe  not  unworthy  of  hemg 
mentioned.  A  sentmel  at  the 
Tuilleries,  conceiving  that  he  wta 
insulted  on  his  post  oy  one  of  the 
mob,  discharged  his  musket,  and 
killed  the  man  on  the  spot  F(V 
this  he  was  tried  before  a  coutt- 
martial ;  and,  it  beine  proved  that 
abusive  language  had  been  addresi- 
ed  to  him,  he  was  acquitted.  [See 
Chronicle,  p.  I62.3  Such  a  mode 
of  proceeding  must  be  adnutted  to 
be  very  nngmar ;  nor  could  it  he  ' 
tolerated  in  a  country,  where  sound 
notions  of  government  existed* 
A  sddier  is  charged  with  the  mur- 
der of  an  unanned  person  in  civil 
life ;  and  for  this  the  murderer  is 
tried  by  a  court-martial  f — that  is, 
the  subjects  are  to  appeal  from  die 
fury  of  one  soldier  to  the  equity 
of  many :  the  refuge  of  the  a^ 
grieved  from  military  violence  is 
to  be  sought  in  military  law ! 

The  occupation  of  Spain  by 
French  troops,  led  to  negotiations 
between  the  French  ministers  and 
the  English  cabinet  on  thenib- 
Ject  of  the  Spanish  provinces  of 
South  America.  France  would 
have  been  glad  to  have  figured  in 
the,  to  hCT  new,  character  of  a 
tramMitlantic  conqueror:  but  be- 
fore such  a  wish  could  be  explieidy 
avowed,  or  any  step  towards  i 
ventured  upon,  it  was  necessary  to 
ascertain  how  for  England  would 
permit  her  to  go.    And  heie,  for 


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HISTORY  OF  EUROPE- 


[165 


tunfttdiy  for  the  worlds  the  minis- 
ten  of  Enghuid  interposed  a  de- 
cided n^atiTe.  The  language 
uted  hy  Mr,  Canning  in  his  cor* 
leapondence  with  the  Prince  de 
fofimac,  amounted  in  substance 
to  uoB :  — •  We  daim  and  enjoy 
free  oommetce  with  the  trans-at* 
hatic  pnmnces:  we  are  wilHng 
to  allow  Old  Spain  the  grace  and 
adnmtage  of  bemg  the  tot  to  ac- 
knowlec^  their  iimependent  sove- 
reignty; but  should  she  hesitate^ 
our  reeoKniticm  can  in  no  case  be 
delayed  fongj  that  recomition  and 
alBineey  too>  would  be  unmediate- 
If  consequent  upon  any  attempt 
OD  the  part  of  the  mother  country 
to  regain  possession  of  the  sqn- 
rsted  states  by  the  aid  of  foreign 
anns:  neither  will  we  pay  the 
ali^test  regard  to  any  attempts 
OB  the  pert  of  Spain  to  revive  the 
obsolete  interdiction  of  intercourse 
with  countries^  over  which  she  has 
no  longer  any  actual  dominion. 

The  duke  of  Belluno  was  minis- 
ter of  war  during  the  continuance 
of  milhary  operations.  His  dis- 
vusbdI,  however^  had  been  expected 
finr  some  time ;  for  it  was  bdieved 
that  Villele  distrusted  him,  and 
that  the  duke  of  Angoul^e  dis- 
liked him.  On  the  19th  of  Octo- 
ber he  was  removed  firom  his  situ- 
ation^  and  was  replaced  by  the 
Baron  de  Damas.  The  displaced 
minister  was,  by  way  of  consola- 
tion, appointed  ambassador  at 
Vienna ;  out  that  court  refused  to 
receive  him  under  a  title  derived 
from  a  place  within  the  Austrian 
dominions. 

On  the  2Srd  of  December  a 
most  unexpected  creation  of  peers 
look  place.  Several  of  the  most 
vehement  oi  the  ultra*royalists 
were  included  in  this  promotion  ;* 

•  The  loU<y«rUig  were  the  individuals 


which  gratified  them  and  their 
party,  at  the  same  time  that  it  re- 
moved them  from  an  assembly, 
where,  in  consequence  of  their  in- 
temperate «eal,  they  were  some- 
times dangerous  fiiends,  and  ena- 
Ued  Villdle  to  rejolace  them  by 
more  tractable  auxiliaries. 

On  the  24th  of  December  an 
ordinance  was  published,  dissolv- 
ing the  Chamber  of  Deputies,  and 
ordering  the  electoral  colleges  of 
the  d^artments  to  meet  on  the 
6th  of  March,  and  those  of  the 
districts  (arrondissanents)  and  of 
departments  having  but  one  col- 
1^,  on  the  25th  of  February. 
The  opening  of  the  session  of  the 
chambers  c?  1824  was  fixed  for 
the  23rd  of  March. 

The  public  attention  in  Pari 
(and  Paris  is  France)  was,  in  No- 
vember and  December,  more  at- 
tracted by  three  trials,  which  came 
on  before  the  G}urt  of  A&sizes, 
than  by  the  public  concerns  of 
Europe.  The  first  was  that  of  a 
physician.  Dr.  Castaing.     The  in- 

elevated  to  the  French  peeMc:— count 
Frere  de  Yillefrencon,  archbishop  of 
Besan^on;  count  de  Vich,  bishop  of 
Autun ;  baron  de  Gland^ves,  brigadier- 
genera] ;  count  de  Puy-Segur  (Gas- 
pard) ;  viscount  Dode  de  la  Bnineric, 
brigadier-general;  viscount  d'AgouU, 
idem ;  count  de  Mesnard,  idem ;  count 
de  Bourbon  Busset,  idem ;  marquis  dc 
Juigne ;  viscount  Gabriel  Dubouchage ; 
chevalier  de  Charette;  marquis  dc 
Croislin ;  count  de  Toumon,  counsellor 
of  state,  formerly  prefect  of  the  Rhone ; 
count  de  Breteuil,  prefect  of  the  Gi- 
ronde;  count  de  Bethisy,  member  of 
the  Chamber  of  Deputies ;  coimt  Cha- 
brol  de  Crouzol,  idem ;  count  d'Orglan- 
de8,idem;  count  de  Chastellux,  idem; 
marquis  de  Villefranche,  idem ;  Laine^ 
minister  of  State,  idem;  viscount  de 
Bonald,  idem ;  count  de  Vqgue,  idem ; 
count  de  Marcellus,  idem  5  count  de 
Kergorlay  (Florian),  idem ;  marquis  de 
Rastignac,  Idem;  ceunt  de  Courtavel 
(P^)i  idem}  ooant  d'Ambnigeac« 
Idem* 


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W«T    ANJfUAL  RBGISTBB,.1823. 


dicttteifi  chiur^  ham  with  liirte 
arincA— Isty  witk  hftviog  admiiui* 
tared  poiioo  to  his  young  fneadp 
Hippoljrte  Ballet,  abcmt  the  oud  of 
<X{loheri  18^9;  Sndly,  with  hav- 
log,  m  conjuiictioii  wUh  tbe  siir- 
v4vii)g  brokher>  Augustc  Balletv 
dciitniyed  the  will  of  the  Aioeaaed, 
le  qoHvert  his  pranerty  to  tbcir 
j<iint  use ;  md  ^roly,  wiUi  lmv~ 
k^  u)  the  end  <^  May,  183^^ 
BMide  his  accomidicc  his  victiui^ 
irfWr  he  had  socurad  the  t^o^  by 
haviiig  induced  Augusle  to  h&n 
i|uoa4h  it  tohim  by  testamentary  iu** 
struiHi;nts«  The  jioisou  said  to 
bavo  heea  employed  iu  both  cases, 
was  uf  a  vegetable  Jdnd»  called 
acetate  of  morphine ;  and  it  was 
Hlle^ed  to  have  becaadifiiuistcred 
ia  Uie  last  case  in  a  tavern  at  St. 
C^loud,  where  Ballet  «nd  Castaing 
had  gone  to  pass  some  days  ot 
{ileasurc'or  relaxation  iii  the  cou^ 
IkUmce  of  fneudsfaip. 

There  was  evidence  thaf  Cas-^ 
^iug  had  acetate  of  moqihnie  in 
his  possession ;  but  there  was  not 
the  sliglitest  proof  that  cither  of 
the  BaSets  di^  of  jioison,  or  that 
any  thiug  obupxiuus  was  adniinis- 
tcred  by  Castaing.  Mauy  of  tlie 
witnesses  for  the  prosecution  fell 
into  gross  oontramctions,  How^* 
cNxr,  iiftcr  a  trial  which  lasted 
several  days,  fSec  Law  Cases 
!>.  1*]  the  unfortuimte  physi- 
cian was  found  guilty  ^yf  the 
voices  of  only  seven  to  five,  and 
the  court,  mlding  its  own  numbers 
ti»  the  jury,  and  thereby  consti- 
tuting a  legal  majority,  cmid^nncd 
him  to  death,  besides  heavy  da« 
iiiHp;cs  for  having  dcstroyort  the 
will.  The  ^)roccdlintt  exhibited  a 
curious  MJiecimen  of  r  reach  jus* 
ticc.  lleaniay-cvichMioo  in  the 
thitil  and  fourth  degree  was  aiU 
mitted  without  scruple;  when  a 
difHcutty  aroscj  the  iniwmer  was 


(ddled  upon  to  ex|platti  ii,  io 
to  assist  in  his  own  coirrieiiiB; 
and  lastly,  when  five  out  of  twdvo 
jurors  acquitted  hhn,  the  Courtt 
uiitead  of  giving  the  prisooer  the 
benefit  of  a  doubt  which  had 
weighed  with  five  men  out  «f 
tweave»  joined  itself  to  the  scaotf 
mi^|ori^,  in  ofder  t»  awaid  the 
fenaltyof  death! 

The  second  tnal  waa  that  ef  a 
Madame  Boursier  and  her  pa»« 
mour  for  the  mucder  of  her  hus- 
band. Boursier,  one  of  the  rioheKt 
grocers  in  Paris,  died  two  or  Uiiee 
months  before  in  terrible  9gfmkh 
attended  with  circumstaiicGS  ef 
strong  suspicion.  It  waa  nruptsod* 
on  his  doith,  to  opea  tw  body* 
His  widow,  however,  opposed  tbu 
proposal,  mid  he  was  interred  ia 
the  cemetry  of  Pere  I*a  Chaise. 
The  widows  grief  dried  up  as 
soon  as  her  husbands  remsias 
were  interred;  and  slie  recehred 
the  visitsof  Kostolo her  GieekloTsri 
whom  lier  husband  had  forbiddeu 
the  house.  The  suspicions  of  the 
family  could  no  longer  bo  supprssi* 
ed.  fiuursicr's  brother  procuml 
an  order  from  the  pr(^r  authari<t 
tics  to  disinter  the  body,  and  tu 
examine  the  servant :  and  a  grcst 
quantity  of  arsenic  was  detected 
lu  the  contents  of  the  stoonich. 
The  Dioof  of  death  by  poison  was 
complete:  but  Uvcxq  was  no  evi* 
dence  to  show,  how,  or  by  whonii 
tlie  poison  was  administered.  Both 
the  lady  and  her  friend  were  ac- 
quitted. [See  Law  Cases,  &c  p. 
lyM 

The  third  trial  was  iu  some  re* 
s^>ects  more  extraoidinary  than 
cither  of  the  others.  ITie  accused 
were  two  persons,  mother  and  ion» 
of  the  muac  of  Locouffc.  The 
murder  was  itHumitted  on  Madaaie 
Jerome,  a  be^ir,  in  the  Faubouqj 
du  Roule.    The  crime  was  evn* 


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HISTORY  OP  EUROPE. 


cut 


iadtkArtibre  the  man  utmalufdt 
kui  it  was  fti  IsBt  disbttvaKvi,  tloit 
tfie4«eeaa»dluidaw»icb»  whieh  «he 
«MoMiled  in  the  stiaw  of  hor  bed, 
«Bd  wfaMi  nfiglit  havo  been  the 
fiiidiKseiMiit  of  the  criminals.    Tbe 
iiotker>  L«oDiiffi»,  wtisfintamsled, 
"imdor  dmuMtMioes  of  stnmg  sua- 
fMion^    During  Uie  time  that  Uie 
Judge  (flustruction  was  exaroiiiing 
witnesses  against  her^  the  son  came 
iWward,  and  avowed  himself  the 
Buuderer.      The    account    which 
he  gave^  both  of  his  motives  for 
Gontniitting  the  crime  and  his  rea- 
sons for  confessing  it,  were  of  the 
nost  singular  kind.     He  told  the 
Jadge  d'lnstruction^  that  he  wanted 
to  marry,  but  could  not  find  money 
to  pay  the  expenses  c^  his  noce,  or 
wedding  ;  and  that  having  heard 
of  the  old  beggar's  possessing  the 
requisite  sum  in  property  or  coin, 
he  had  taken  away  her  life  to  get 
possession   of  it     He  had  then 
narried,  but  soon  began  to  repent 
of  the  assassination.    His  first  idea, 
he  said,  was  to  expiate  his  crime 
hj  suicide ;  and  having  heard  that 
brandy,  taken  in  sufficient  quantity, 
would    produce    death,     he    had 
bought  a  bottle  as  a  certain  poison. 
Having,  however,  drank  two  glasses 
of  this  mortal  liquor,  he  found  that 
he  was  the  less  disposed  to  die,  and 
therefore  postponed  the  consum- 
mation of  the  process  to  the  follow- 
ing day.     In  the  night-time,  the 
sbade  of  his  father,  his  own  guar- 
dian angel,  and  two  other  angels, 
with  whose  physiognomy  he  was 
unacquainted,  appeared  before  him, 
and  enjoiiied  him  to  confess  his 
guilt.     He  therefore  proceeded  to 
the    Judge    d'Instructton,   whom 
these  messengers  iKiinted  out,  and 
who  happened  to  be  the  same  per- 
son who  was  drawing  up  the  evi- 
dence against  his  mother.     The 


jadge  issuid  ill  oUdsr'&rUi  ilfem 
<m  the  disokMUie  <if  fttts  italid  bt 
himself.  The  young  Hum  dsnM 
afVerwardi  tile  cnme^  ttid  fladavel 
thac  he  made  a  false  eoDtenoAy  to 
induce  tiie  judge  to  rekeee  his 
mother.  However^  additbiiid  em- 
dcBce  wa8eolleetod:atidthe»uh 
of  the  trial  WM«  thattiwnnwn 
dedared  guilty  of  the  nuorder  aad 
n^bberyi  sttdthe  mothev^  though 
acquittoi  of  the  assassination,  was  < 
convicted  of  having  concealed  the 
articles  stolen,  with  knowledge  of 
the  murder.  Both  the  piiaoners 
were  condemned  to  death.* 

In  the  budget  for  the  year  18S2- 
3,  the  sum  of  29,520,003  francs 
was  set  apart  by  the  government 
for  the  maintenance  of  the  French 
clergy.  In  addition  to  this,  the 
communes  voted  6,407>727>  and 
tlie  councils  of  the  department 
1,162,61 8  francs ;  so  that  the  total 
of   the  funds  appropriated  to  the 

•  In  the  courao  of  tWs  trial,  M. 
Dubois,  an  eminent  physician,  was  <»llfd 
upon  to  say  whether  he  observed  in  the 
prisoner  Lecouffe  any  appearance  of 
uirntal  alienation.  In  vain  did  the  phy- 
sician proteHt  that  he  saw  no  nuirk  of 
derangement ;  the  counsel  for  the  pri- 
soner, with  the  consentof  the  prebident, 
inmsted  upon  the  head  of  iiis  client 
beinff  examined.  The  doctoi  felt  the 
niuracrer'8  head,  which  was  perhaps 
destitute  of  8purzheim's  protuberances 
—but,  after  groping  all  over  and  round  ^ 
about  it»  he  solemnly  declared  that  he 
could  discover  nothing  remarkable  in 
the  prisoner's  skull.  The  following  dia- 
logic succeeded  to  this  examination  ^— 

The  President.*-'*  What  is  the  result 
of  your  examination  ?" 

M.  Dubois.—"  The  cranium  of  the 
accused  presents  no  deformity,  and  in- 
dicates no  kind  of  alienation." 

Prisoner's  Counsel.—"  Can  you  say, 
that  the  accused  never  hat  experienced 
mental  alienation  ?'* 

M.  Dubois.—"  It  is  possible  he  may 
have  when  young— before  the  bones  of 
the  head  joined  ;  but  at  present  there  is 
no  kind  of  deformity  r*' 


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190]    ANNUAL   REGISTERi  1823. 

eketgy  amounted   to  37^089>745  Ikbaen wefe  said  toheeaofkfeA; 

fiomcs,  or  about  1>483,589^  iter-  and  new  works  for  roiling  iron 

liog.    .The.  aggr^ate  number  of  were  bqpm  to  be  built  by  some  of 

Ao  actual   daegj    was   35,676:  our  countiynien  on  the  banks  of 

The  number  of  candidates  for  luily  tl^  Seine  near  Pans.    Two  iron 

driers^  in  the  seminaries,  and  in  the  steam,  boats  plied  regukdy  firom 

Theological  colleges^  was  299379*  Havre  to  the  metropmis;  and  in 

It  would  appear,  that  France  several  lam  cotton  ftdcwiesy  the 

was  availing  herself  of  the  skill  of  majority  of  the  workmen  were  oh- 

our  artisans.    At  the  iron-works  tained  £com  Scotland  or  En^and. 
rf  Charenton>  two  hundred  Eng^ 


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mSTORY  OF  SttOPE/ 


t16l 


CHAP.  XL 

Netuerlasds — Suppression  of  Roman  Catlwlic  Sociel'ies ;    Renlrk- 

...  tkms  OH  Commerce  with  Frances  Session  of  the  Siatcj^  Gcnenil; 

Plans  (f  Improvement:    MiUtartf  operations  in  Siimairu — Den- 

.    HARK — Swedes:    Measures  of ,  the  Diet;    Tenor  of  t/ic  King's 

.    speech  on  the  Dissolution  of  it — Bades — Weimah-^Ubshb  Cau* 

.    sel^^Prussia  :  Establishment  of  Provincial  Assemblies :   Prosecum 

tkms  against  Secret  Associations :  Restraints  on  the  Press —  Wirtem* 

berg:    Proceedings  of  the  Diet  against  the  German  Observer: 

Refusal  of  Wirtemberg  to  concur  in  the  awroval  by  the  Diet  of  the 

Proceedings  of  the  Congress  of  Verotrn — Bavaria  :  Measures  taken 

at    the    recommendation   of    Austria — Switzerland:    Measures 

adopted  at  the  Command  qj  France  and  the  Hoh  Alliance,  against 

personal  liberltf  and  the  Press :  Swiss  Diet :  Jurlher  Demands  qf 

the  Holy  Alliance'^ Austria — Russian  ordinances  against  Free^ 

.    Mamms — Meeting  qf  the  Emperors  of  Austria  and  Russia  at 

Czemowitx. 


IN  the  b^inning  of  the  year^ 
some  triffing  dmurbonces  took 
place  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Lux« 
embtirg.  Subsequentlv  the  go- 
remment  x)f  the  Netherlands  issued 
a  decree  for  the  suppressbn  of  two 
Roman  Catholic  Societies  One 
was  called  "  The  Catholic  Society 
of  Belgium,"  and  had  its  pincipal 
estaUidunent  at  Brussels;  the 
other,  which  took  the  more  general 
dtle  of  '*  The  Roman  Catholic  So- 
dety,"  had  its  chief  seat  at  Utrecht. 
The  ground  for  suppressing  them 
was  stated  in  the  preamble  of  the 
decree  to  be — *'  because  they  were 
formed  without  the  knowlec^  and 
consent  of  the  government,  and 
because  the^  had  wiown  themselves, 
by  divers  cucumstances,  to  be  in- 
stitutions, the  further  existence  of 
wlndi  would  influence  the  public 
tranquillity  in  a  manner  the  extent 
of  wnich  could  not  be  foreseen." 

The  government  of  the  Nether- 
laodi  look  no  open  part  in  die 


political  measures  of  their  nei^« 
hours :  they  were  wholly  occupied 
with  plans  of  internal  improve* 
ment,  and  commercial  regulation. 
Of  the  latter  the  most  important 
was  a  decree,  dated  the  20th  of 
August,  r^ulating  commercial  in- 
tercourse with  France.  For  the 
purpose  of  retaliating  upon  that 
country  her  own  narrow  prohibi- 
Unry  system,  it  augmented  the 
duties  on  some  of  her  productions, 
and  forbade  or  fettered  the  imp^i> 
tation  of  others  of  them.*     This 

*  The  following  were  the  heads  of 
this  decree  :— 

Art.  1.  The  foUowin|(  articles,  lofiMT 
as  they  are  of  French  ongin  or  imported 
from  France  into  our  kingdom,  shall  be 
liable  to  the  following  import  duties  :— 

Porcelain,  white  or  painted,  per 
1001b.,  dOfr. ;  cUna  of  aU  kinds,  90fr. ; 
earthenware,  15  per  cent.;  stockings, 
caps,  mittens,  and  other  articles  of 
wearing  apparel,  of  cotton,  wool,  or 
thread,  eitner  knit  or  wove,  SO  per  cent ; 
slates jper  1,000,  Sf. 

8.  The  foUowiog  articles  of  FnaA 


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IW]    ANNUAL    REGrSTER,  1823. 


measure  was  not  adopted^  till  after 
repeated  representations  on  the 
subject  bad  been  made  to  the  king 
by  the  chamber  of  commerce,  and 
the  provincial  assemblies,  and  till 
afVer  all  his  majesty's  endeavours 
t'l  conckide  an  amicable  arrange- 
ment with  Fffince,  had  Mled. 

On  the  20th  of  October,  the 
session  nf  the  States-general  was 
njicncd  nx  the  Hague ;  and  it  was 
remHikctl,  th'At  none  of  the  foreign 
inimHt*:rs,  oxcept  lord  Clancarty, 
were  prts;."nl  at  that  ceremony. 
The  KjK^di  fpoiti  the  throne  con- 
Uuuod  not  the  slightest  allusion  to 
the  ailaii'i  of  8pain  and  Portugal, 
and  breathed  in  every  sentence  a 
ttiild  and  liberal  spirit ;  "  Every 
Netherlander,"  ffaid  his  majesty, 
"who  looks  round  him  without 
prejudice,  gratefully  rcinai'ks  the 
advantages  which  are  enjoyed  in 
his  free  and  hospitable  country. 

•*  This  jrear^'  continued  he,  "is 
no  lessdistinguishedthan  the  last  by 
"a  productive  Harvest.  An  accurate 
investigation  of  the  interests  of 
the  fanners,  combined  with  those 
of  the  consumers,  has  convinced 
me,  that  thd  interference  of  the 
law  is  not  rcquih^d.  In  tlte  pro- 
vince of  Groningen,  a  society  erf* 
iiirmors  is  forming,  wiHi  a  view 
to  found  a  system  of  credit  on  the 
land  and  its  produce.  The  objetTt 
Is  to  ubtain,  at  moderate  interest, 
T&aAy  money,  which  they  can  repay 
in'  the  sequel  without  embarrass- 

■  "  ' $ 

•rtgiii,  or  imported  from  Prtincc,  arc 
prohibited  :•*- 

Glasses  and  glassivare  of  all  kind«,  ex- 
cept looking-glastrs ;  doUm  and  ki*rsey. 
merci.  Muriatic  add,  nitrioacid,  vitri- 
olic addi  and  bimndy  distilled  fhmi 
giBitt. 

'^,  The  follovifing  articles  coming  from 
France  shall  not  be  imported,  except  by 

Distilled  liquon,  vinegar  (of  wine, 
btttt  and  artlfickil.Tlneg«r),  and  vine. 


ment.  If  this  trial  succeeds,  other 
provinces  will  doubtless  follow  the 
example,  and  the  difficulties,  to 
which  many  farmers  were  exposed, 
particularly  last  year,  will  be  pre- 
vented for  the  future. 

"  The  low  price  of  provisions 
favours  1^\l  the  undertakings  of  the 
national  industry ;  but  the  greater 
the  fertility  of  the  soil,  and  the 
activity  of  tlie  people,  the  morB 
care  is  necessary  to  obtahi  a  regillar 
exportation,  which  enlivens  trade 
and  navigation,  and  multiplies  our 
relations  with  foreign  tountries. 

*'  The  conviction  of  this  troth 
caused  a  measure  to  be  adopted  in 
one  of  the  laws  last  session,  to  give 
energy  to  our  negotilitions  with 
foreign  powers  on  tnose  important 
subjects.  These  could  not,  from 
their  nature,  be  otherwise  than  slow 
in  their  progress.  Some  of  them 
are  already  in  such  a  state,  that  we 
mav  hope  fbr  a  favourable  result" 

In  allusion  to  Hic  decree  of  ^ 
20th  of  August,  he  added  "I 
have  liifhcrto  been  only  onde 
obliged  to  adopt  reciprocal  mea- 
sures to  hinder  or  to  hmit  the  im- 
Tiortation  of  foreign  pitiductions. 
It  is  with  regret  that  1  have  in  this 
instance  deviated  ftron  our  libenll 
principles.  I  shall  be  hanpy,  if  it 
should  promote  the  revival  clif  thoi^fe 
principles  in  others,  and  thus  be  of 
short  duration*" 

From  some  of  the  schemes  ft>r 
tntcmal  improvement,  whidi  were 
discussed  and  approved  by  the 
States-geneml,  it  would  appear, 
that,  in  that  legislature,  as  in  sonde 
others,  there  was  more  «eal  for  the 
iniblic  weHiire  than  wisdom  in 
contributing  to  it.  One  of  Aese 
schemes,  which  occuiHcd  a  consider- 
ttble  ^are  of  attention,  and  was 
warmly  received,  was  a  law  for  ex- 
empting from  land-'tax^  during 
^fifteen   jmn,  -certain    buSdiogs 


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iatSnt>RY  OF.  EUROPE. 


tni 


hf  Oi^  BeneTDlmt  Sod^ 
1  of  Ite  H«na  uA  Brusadb. 
Tke  obj^eta  cf  the  cfltabUahiiiMity 
wUdft  WWB    to  be  thus  eooott* 
afod  weve  two-foU — Ist^  to  pro* 
BUHe  the  ciiltivatifm  of  waste  said 
biROQ  lands;   aad  Snd>  to  find 
uaoful  aEadoymeni    for   a    lam 
aHMber  of  deadtute  poor.    The 
Dutch  and  Bel^an  legialatovs  will 
aoon  find,  that  nmtber  the  state 
qor  assodatiDns  can  cullinUc,  with 
adrantace,  lands,  upon  which  indi* 
vkhiak  do  not  think  it  prtident  to 
expend  their  ctUtttal>  or  can  supply 
piofitable    em^yment  to   thwe^ 
whdeo  induatiy  no  private  capital* 
ibt  is  willing  to  call  into  exertion* 
In  the  pceseot  year>  as  in  the 
prevedii|g»  some  trifl^  military 
ulcerations  were  carried  on  in  Su^ 
asOra*    These  had  their  orieb  in 
smne  dissensiotis    as  to  reSgious 
einnionsy  which^  so  hmg,  ago  as 
ISlSy  'bro^  out  on  the  west  coast 
of  that  island,  between  the  natives 
of  the  upper  districts  of  Padangf 
1b  couaequenec  of  these  quureli, 
some  chiefs  of  the  kingdom  of 
Maaan^kahang  condaded  with  the 
Dutch  resident  «t  Padaiig  a  cmw 
veation  by  which  they  ceded  tlieir 
provinoes  to  tlie  government  of  the 
Netherla^ids,  on  condition  that  the 
inhaliksmts     of    those  ^  countries 
should  be  protected  from  the  at* 
tacks  of  their  turbulent  neighbours 
called  Padrios*    The  ceded  districts 
wok:  occupied;  and,  as  the  Pad* 
lies  continued  hostilities,  measures 
were  taken  in  April,  1821,  to  en* 
deavour  to  drive  them  from  their 
villages,  situated  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  the  Dutch  colony  of  Sa- 
mscwang. 

They  had  assemlied  to  the  num* 
her  of  20)000  men  in  the  environs 
of  that  estaUishmeut,  but  lieute* 
■ant-colonel  Raafl*  at  the  head  of 
^00  j;egu%  troops,  and  }3|000 


Malays  defealad  theiii  in  save«r 
ml  enoountns.  In  Jaly»  1822,  the 
Malays  abandoned  him:  so  liut 
he  was  forced  to  suspend  any 
furtiier  attack*  till  h^  uould  re«^ 
orive  fnesh  reinfoseemcnts.  On 
the  14th  of  April,  in  the  pcesent 
year,  he  advanced  to  the  frontiers 
of  Linto,  and  swde  a  general  aU 
tack,  which  failed,  in  consequence 
of  the  difficulties  of  the  ground 
and  the  arran&oments  adopted  by 
the  enemy*  His  troops  were  conw 
peUed  to  retreat,  with  the  loss  of 
nmr  pieees  of  cannon,  21  killed^ 
and  139  wounded,  among  whcmi 
were  seveifal  officers*  However,  in 
the  beginning  of  May,  the  Padries 
were  repulsed  at  Pakadan,  and 
finally  retired  from  those  parts ;  so 
that,  in  the  middle  of  the  year,  alt 
was  tranquil  in  the  districts  of 
Priaman  «tid  Toqjoekotta* 

When  the  war  with  Spain  broke 
out,  the  king  <fi  Deianark  pub>* 
lisbed  an  edict  prohibiting  all  pd* 
yatoers  of  whatoHtf  nation  frost 
ontmng  the  ports  or-  seas  of 
that  kingdom;  excent  in  case  of 
evident  danger  from  bad  weather, 
or  to  avoid  the  pursuit  of  an 
enemy.  No  privateer  Mras  per* 
mitted  to  send  prisies  to  Denmark, 
or  sell  them  there*  PrivateexS, 
forced  to  enter  Danish  ports,  weie 
not  to  unload,  or  sell  their  caigoes^ 
either  wholly  or  in  part ;  Danish 
subjects,  were  fbrbidden>  under  tlie 
severest  penalties,  to  purchase  -the 
prices  of  foreign  privateers.  Sliips 
of  war,  enterinff  the  Danish  .portib 
might  bring  thcurprines  with  *'  .em, 
but  were  to  take  them  away  ^u^aini 
being  in  the  same  manner  pro* 
hibited  from  unloading  them,  or 
scllinff  them  or  their  cargoes,  either 
who%  or  in  part. 

In  one  part  of  the  t>anish  do^ 
minions^  discontent  appeared  in  a 
very    unc^ivooal    wape^      Thv 


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172)    AINNUAL   REGISTER*  1823. 


■oUes  and  superior  clergy  of 
Holsteinj  in  petitions  presented  at 
two  suocessiye  times  to  the  German 
Diet,  complained  of  having  been 
deprived  of  their  political  privil^es 
by  their  sovereign.  The  Diet,  in 
rq)ly,  advised  them  to  wait  patiently 
for  die  new  constitution,  which 
their  kin^  was  preparing  for  them. 

The  Diet  of  Sweden  was  exclu- 
sively occupied  with  matters  of 
internal  regulations.  Some  steps 
were  taken  towards  the  repeal  of 
those  laws,  which  ^hibitcd  the 
importation  of  foreign  oommodi- 
ties  and  imposed  heavy  taxes  on 
the  use  of  certain  luxuries. 

One  of  the  measures  of  the  diet 
was,  to  present  an  address  to  the 
king,  recommending  that  publicity 
shoidd  be  given  to  the  proceedings 
of  inferior  tribunals,  and  of 
chambers  of  nolice.  The  king^  in 
his  answer,  admitted  his  conviction 
of  the  advantages  of  publicity; 
but  chiefly  because  he  wished  it  to 
be  seen  how  far  publicity  was  in* 
eluded  in  the  plan  of  a  new  form 
of  proceedings,  presented  by  the 
committee  of  legislation,  he,  for 
the  pixiit^iiti  rejected  the  proposal 
of  the  Dku 

The  scssidii  of  the  Diet,  which,  by 
the  fuiidameiital  cuinpiict,  ought  to 
last  Qnly  four  months^  was,  in  con- 
sequence of  tlieir  own  desire,  pro- 
If  »ngcd  seven  monlhi*  more.  It  wA 
termiiaatod  on  the  2'ind.  of  Decem- 
ber by  u  sjjcccli  fnjin  the  king, 
which,  both  iii  langtiuge  and  senti- 
ment, was  sucIj  as  an  able  and 
honest  cousititutitmal  king  might 
liddress  to  a  free  people.  '*We 
expeTienc4?/'  said  }a %  "  the  happy 
influence  of  an  aliuof^t  insular  po* 
*ition";  mid  when  he  uttered  this 
itentiuR'iit  ivnd  looked  to  the  con- 
duct of  France  iu  8pain,  and  to  the 
pretensions  of  the  Holy  Alliance, 
Itc  probably  Ht,  that  it  was  that 


almost  insular  position,  which  de- 
terred foreign  bayonets  from  beinff 
pointed  against  his  throne.  "  U^ 
continued  he,  ''the  laws  whidi 
govern  us,  have  not  acquired  all 
the  perfection  which  could  be  d^ 
sired,  the  changes  to  be  made  must 
be  the  work  of  time.  To  endea- 
vour to.  accomplish  those  changes 
hastily,  would  be  to  put  to  hasud 
all  present  advantages,  and  the 
finest  hopes  for  the  future.  To 
precipitate  the  natural  progroB 
which  belongs  to  the  genius  of  our 
institutions,  would  be  to  expose 
them  to  those  catastrophes  of  which 
the  present  age  has  furnished 
striking  examples." 

Among  the  minor  states  of  Ger- 
many, considerable  attention  was 
excited  by  the  discussion,  in  the 
second  chamber  of  the  States  of 
Baden,  on  the  military  estaUi^- 
ment  of  the  grand  Duchy,  and 
l^  the  obstiiuuy  with  which 
the  representatives  of  the  people 
resLsted  the  wishes  of  their  nders. 
The  ministers  had  fixed  the  esti- 
mate for  that  branch  of  the 
revenue  at  1,684,000  florins.  After 
some  debate,  they  consented  to  a 
reduction  of  48,000  florins,  hot 
they  insisted  on  the  sum  of 
1,600,000  florins,  as  absdutely 
necessary  to  defray  the  expenses  of 
the  military  establishment,  such  as 
it  had  been  agreed  to  by  the  cham- 
ber itself,  and  such  as  the  obliga- 
tions of  Baden,  as  a  member  0^ 
the  German  confederation,  r^ 
quired:  and  they  showed,  that  in 
the  other  states  of  Germany  the 
assembly  of  the  states  had  allowed 
a  military  establishment  more  con- 
siderable in  proportion.  The 
chamber  would  not  enter  into  any 
details,  but  persisted  in  refusing  to 
allow  more  than  1,500,000  flonns- 
The  government  then  dedaredi 
that  it  had  need  of  the  lum  te^ 


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H(S3X>RY  OF   EUHPFE. 


iVfi 


(foSieA,  to  fiilfil  its  obl^gaiiOQ  as  a 
ittember  of  the  confedmition^  and 
wUch,  by  article  68  of  the  consti- 
tottioa^  me  anembly  of  the  states 
cottld  not  hinder  it  from  discharg- 
ing. It  theiefiire  required^  that  the 
duunber,  without  abandoning  the 
already  voted  resohition,  dioiud  be 
content  with  Ihat  dedaaration^  and 
dumld  not  prevent  the  government 
bom  jnchimiigin  the  budget^  by 
virtue  of  its  ng^t  as  a  confedezitte 
state,  tiie  military  establishment  at 
thesmn  of  1,600^000  florins.  The 
chamber  voti^  upon  this  pointy  on 
^  dOth  of  January ;  when  the 
|MOpoaal  of  tile  government  was 
wjceted  by  80  votes  to  29^  The 
session  closed  a  day  or  two  after* 
wards:  and  the  grand  duke  fixed 
the  budget  at  the  sum  which  his 
ministers  had  proposed. 

The  States  of  the  grand  dudiy 
of  Weimar  were  occupied,  among 
other  things,  with  the  assimilation 
of  tiie  Jews  to  the  other  classes 
of  dticens.  The  discussions  were 
iirouffht  to  a  dose  towards  the  end 
of  May,  and  the  r^ulations,  which 
were  then  adopted,  exhibit  a 
eorioua  mixture  of  liberal  indul- 
gences and  illiberal  restrictions. 
The  poll-tax  paid  by  the  Jews 
is  abolished;  and  they  are  d&* 
dared  liable  to  nuHtsury  service. 
That  the  number  of  the  Jewish 
firmilies  mi^  not  increase,  only 
one  son  of  a  family  is  allowed  to 
marry.  Mairii^es  between  Jews 
and  Qiristians  are  declared  l^al, 
bat  the  diildren  are  to  be  dlu- 
cated  in  the  Christian  religion. 
The  Jews  must  take  family  names 
and  have  fixed  abodes,  though  they 
may  scjoum  anywhere  for  a  time. 
If  they  carry  on  trade,  they  must 
pay  a  protecting  duty  and  a  par- 
tiailartoll:  they  shsJl  not  deal  in 
salt,  drugs,  or  grocery.  They  shall 
not  take  6  per  cent.,  except  for 


Ul}s  of  exchange  at  short  dates: 
otherwise  no  more  than  5  per  cent* 
They  may  exercise  any  profession, 
exc^  tlu)se  of  brewer,  baker,  ai^d 
invkeeper. 

Hesse  Cassel  was  thrown  into 
some  agitation  during  the  month 
of  July,  by  rumours  of  a  oon^- 
racy  against  the  life  of  tiie  elector 
and  thosQ  who  were  iramediatdj 
about  his  person*  The  alarm  oxigi« 
nated  ftom  some  anoujrmous  letters, 
containinff  threats  of  violence.  A 
reward  of  ten  thousand  doUgrs  was 
o&red  for  the  discovery  of  the 
persons  concerned  in  the  plot :  btrt 
no  further  light  seems  to  have  been 
thrown  upon  the  afiair,  e^ccept  that 
the  letters  were  suspected  to  have 
been  written  by  a  subaltern  officer. 
If  there  was  any  conspiracy,  its 
importance  was  pix>bably  mudi  ex- 
aggerated. They  who  engspe 
senoudy  in  a  plot  minst  the  life 
of  their  monarch,  &  not  usually 
b^in  their  operations  by  announc- 
ing, in  anonpaous  communica- 
tions to  their  uitended  victim,  the 
fate  which  they  are  preparing  for 
him.  There  seems  to  nave  been 
reason  to  believe,  that  it  was  a 
contrivance  of  some  of  the  per- 
sons connected  with  the  police  es- 
tablishment, for  the  purpose  of 
magnifying  their  importuice  and 
manifesting  their  vigilance. 

The  king  of  Pruana  had  long 
promised  new  political  institutions 
to  his  people;  out  it  had  likewise 
been  £mg  understood,  that  this 
pimnise,  instead  of  being  performed 
in  its  spirit  by  the  establishment  of 
a  representative  body  with  an  in. 
tegral  part  of  the  ledslative  power 
for  the  whole  king&m,  was  to  be 
eluded  by  the  organisation  of 
provincial  estates  with  limited 
powers.  At  length,  on  tlie  Srd  of 
August,  the  amdverasry  of  his 
birth-day,  .there  was  published  the 


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4741     ANNXJAl   RBOI^BTER,    1823. 


kw-^zpMMd  Ddiot  fk  Frederick 
^Pl^inni^  f(ftr  the  introduotion  of 
represenfaftiTe  ttSAemblies  intd  ^le 
iii0iimrchy>  b^  the  estaUishment  of 
proYindal  assemblies  in  what  wa» 
oaBed  die  spirit  of  the  antient 
Oenman  cobslihition.  A  tforo- 
mittee,  ef  which  the  crown  prino^ 
was  ptesMent,  had  been  appmnted 
by  his  majesty  to  prepare  thi» 
iiieamiie>aiiatO€onsult  upon  it  with 
experienced  men  from  eadi  pro> 
mce^  Upon  the  repoirt  of  thi» 
ei»mBiklee>  his  majesty  gare  a  de^ 
eree^  dated  June  5^  whldi  ordered 
1slr»  that  pumncial  aseemMiea 
shcmld  be  called  into  action ;  Sdly, 
that  landed  pvopeir^  should  be  the 
basis  of  the  repHMentotion ;  and 
Sriljf  l^t  the  provini^ol  estates 
fihould  be  the  leading  organ  of  the 
various  subordinate  estates  in  each 
'prarince. 

With  respect  to  the  powers  of 
the  pvovindal  estates,  h4  majesty 
wa»ta  cause  to  be  sent  to  them  for 
their  diseusrion  the  preject  of  such 
laws  as  concerned  the  piDtinee 
•«ly ;  and  so  long  as  there  were 
Mo  general  asocmbKos  of  the  States, 
«u««  -genend  profects  of  laws,  also, 
as  related  to  changes  in  the  rights 
of  persons  and  property,  and  to 
the  taxes.  They  were  likewise  to 
esanrine  and  decide  upon  petitions 
and  remonstrances,  whidi  concerned 
the  special  welihrc  and  interest  of 
the  whole  provmce  or  a  part  of  it^ 
and,  in  general,  to  conduct  all  the 
mmfmmtd  afikirsof  tho  province, 
sohjert,  of  oonme,  to  his  majesty's 
apMtdNition. 

To  ^  genera)  decree,  wore  an* 
neved  special  laws  containing  de^ 
tailed  ni((ul"^^<n^<*  respecting  the 
riigtbiKty  of  the  deputies,  the  right 
of  election,  the  convocation  and 
the  duration  of  the  provincial  as-. 
■emhlieH,  the  communal  assemblies, 
file  assemblies  of  circles,  j^c. 


The  special  kws  weve  ril  SsEiedl 
1st  of  July,  and  rdatcd  siweirily 
to  the  provincial  estades  ;— -Fiiat,- 
f4  the  march  of  ^andflhhmrgh 
and  the  marquisate  of  lower  Ijdk 
Satia  ,*— Secondly,  to  theee  of  dM^ 
kingdom  ^  Prussia,  comipffiripg 
east  Prussia;  Lithumtia,  wert  Pnm- 
sia ;  Thirdly,  to  those  of  POineni^ 
nia  and  Rugen. 

The  estates  of  the  first  pravtece 
were  to  meet  at  BerUn;  of  tii» 
second,  at  Koningsberg  and  DaAt- 
sic  alternately ;  and  rt  the  thinl/ 
At  Stettin* 

Nd  changes  were  to  He  made  i» 
these  special  laws,  without  the-' 
concurrence  of  the  p*ovinciiil  a»- 
semblics. 

Ncuichatd  and  Vallengitt  were^ 
not  included  in  these  arrange*' 
ments. 

It  is  impassible  to  consider  such 
int>vincial  assemblies  as  girinp 
Prussia  even  the  ^mlKtude  of  a' 
free  constitution  r  they  are  itistni*' 
ments  iVamed,  not  with  a  view  to 
promote  liberty,  but  to  facilitate 
and  perhaps  improve  the  admini^ 
traticin  of  the  country  under  arbi- 
trary power.  Still,  they  ore  nor 
without  their  use.  Even  when  they 
do  not  operate  as  a  check  u|M»n 
despotism,  they  enlighten  ita  un- 
derstanding, and  they  miti^te  its 
-spirit.  However  i\*ebk  their  ipcvw' 
ers  may  be,  they  at  least  unite  men 
in  asscvnMies  for  the  fiscnssion  of 
public  matters:  and,  at  aoroe 
hfqipier  moment  than  the  present, 
they  may  oxiwiitep  the  limits  pre- 
scribed  to  them,  and  become  the 
authors  of  political  ameliomtion. 

Tlie  Prussian  government  con- 
tinued to  exhibit  a  most  sensitive 
appreliension  of  every  thin^  con- 
nected Mrith  secret  assnciatiims  or 
lilierel  institutions.  fn  the  be- 
ginning of  the  year,  edicts  wet* 
issued  against  all  priveteassembHes, 


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Hurroiur  oi  eubopk 


pra 


the  «lgMtflf  mVA  wm  tA.v^ 
ImA  lo  mid  ^  UUe.  The  qo^ 
mail  meeUngi  of  the  Monviaa 
kedunen  wore  proMbitad.  Tho 
pn»okB»  of  thi»  aao(  weve  &iN 
biddeo  to  go  in  future  firom  one 
owgnipiam  m  wioilific.  U  was 
iaMdadfay  llteMnmauffefttopvav 
«wi;«U^U9pidoui  ooi!f«0|Mnid^iQ« 
«nd  ilie  eixcalalion  of  nfw«u  At 
CokwMb  puUie  notice  wm  ^venj 
tto  nrutom  nilneoi^  who  should 
9>.lii  aoUiew  to  Ureaocb  weianol 
toaiqfieci  wDQr  kind  of  asnataqoe  oa 
thw  return;  and  " the  le«s  ap^  m 
the  diaferen,  which  there  awaita 
tbna>  will  bkve  been  whoUy  dj-awn 
on  them  by  tran^gresaipf  thoii 
duty  M  fuLj«cts,  in  attaching  theow 
idra  to  actual  feragia  tothoae 
dutiea^  and  in  its  otm  nature  cri- 
«iinaL"*<-*The  preflB  wa8>aausnal« 
the  ol^Qct  of  paiiimlar  aolicitude* 
la  May,  «U  the  heokai^eni  of  Ber* 
lin  weiainvi^s  by  a  circi^  from 
the  pqlioasto  take  mat  pv9caution« 
HI  the  sale  of  books,  and  to  refusn 
such  m  had  suspicious  titles,  qk 
gmfcaJBffid  dangerous  majdws. 
Those,  who  tramgresacd  this  adnio^ 
aitioii,  wore  th^tened  with  ttie 
loss  of  their,  licenses* 

Xn  Wirtamherg  there  was  a 
joiunalf  entitled  ''Xhe  German 
Obneirer,"  which  excited  c(msi« 
decri4e  Attention  by  the  freedom 
^aeyerity  of  its  political  discus^ 
skttuu  Austria  ana  Prussia  signi- 
fiadto  the  court  of  Stutgard  mif 
h^  dinlaasuve  ^t  the  Um  ration  of 
so  UberM  »  pre^;  and,  finding  that» 
notwitlystaoding  this  esUnmtion  of 
their  opinions  and  wishes,  the  puh»> 
)i«;ation  of  the  (^noxious  journal 
Still  owtiai«e4,  th^  brought  k 
UAder  th»  notice  of  the  German 
ttst,  A  cownutfeee  was  appointed 
to  ianestigate  the  sul^ect.  In 
their  r^portji,  the  committee  de^daiv 
fd  tbut  the  Geripfo/i  Ob^ryfr  wiks 


itfolloffcTtsfisBrfar 
Baliupe»  that  Aofonly.  dificpk^  h^ 
not  in  diaoaTehii|!»but  in  nlaalii^ 
pnwtiiof  its.ddin^eney;  thaftiS 
adiMMaited  revolutkaflry  psin^Blefl^ 
not  aocideotally  and  oosasHmatty, 
bat  regalarly  and  pexseveringly ; 
that  aU  the  aitsdesi  drigtmu  at 
well  as  bonfiwed,  namtife,  arga* 
wantativa,  satirieil^  poKtital,  asri* 
ou%  religious,  and  litenuey*  weta 
axidiisiray  directed  to  ^  oiie^a* 
tion  of  rewdutionary  views  tad 
doctxines ;  and  that .  the  likd  aa 
the  central  oemmitlee  at  Menta 
(which  gave  Ae  first  ground  taa 
these  pioce6duig8)might  of  itaalf 
be  justly  cesiaMeied  at  a   disaoS 
attack  on  the  diet     They,:  thetar 
tote,  reooaimanded  to  the  Diet,  to 
suppress  that  journal  entirely,  aad 
to  probilnt  the  Editm^  Mr^  S.  G^ 
Luaching,  from  engagbig  fiirtha 
next  five  yaara  in  the  ^tingof 
any  sinnlar  puiUicatMm  ht  any  of 
the  ^ates   of-,  the  coa£9doBi^io». 
On  the  30th  of  May,  llie  npait 
and  pioposal  of  the  oemmitlea  wear 
diflctissed  in  the  Diet.    The  am« 
bassador  of  WiricsBbeig  declined 
voting*    The  legationa  of  the-elaoi* 
torof  Hessoand^  thegrand  Duchy 
of  Hesse  DanwtslAt,  without  eateis 
ing  into  the  nierits  of  tha  casc^ 
thought  that  the  diet  was  not  eoB^ 
petmt  to  suppcesft  a  journal  witsh- 
out  previous  kistructiona  oa  tha^ 
express  point  given  to  the  nsein*- 
bm  by  theiir  respective  Soverei0as» 
but  that  tbey   might  request  the 
JUobassMlor   of   Wirtembarg     im 
a|^y  to  his  own  govenimaai  to 
take  steps  for  the  supprsasion  of 
tlie  GmiHm  Oimrver,Mnll  if  the 
government  of  Wirtessbeffg^  shoaU 
j^fuse,  they  mif^t  then  tidi^  thair 
own  measores.    The  Saxon  Oucal 
legations  concuned  in  this  ofnnioii, 
which  was  opposed  by  the  aaibaa- 
sador   of  Aastria,  as  psosidonV 


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im\      ANNUAI.'  RBGI8TE».  18S3. 


UMnatcif  a  flfeBt  minority  of  voles 
iiijiciiiiig  wim  die  veport  of  the 
taaamtleB^  the  leaolutioa  propoted 
«vat  put  tad  carried.  It  was  not 
mJbta,wkaX  dnie  Hanover  took  in 
Mm  important  dacuflsion. 

The  government  of  Wirteittberg 
ttot  thnldng  it  prudent  to  incur 
tiie  further  diqpleMure  of  thdr 
powerfid  nei^bcmts^  the  Oermau 
Observer  was  suppressed.  Their 
amhMasfldor  repoited  to  the  Diet 
that  the  decree  had  been  executed; 
and  on  the  Srd  of  July  the  re- 
presentative of  Austria,  as  presi- 
doit  of  the  Diet,  replied  to  this 
intimation  in  language  most  omin- 
ous  to  the  independenoe  of  Gov 
many : 

"The  Emperor  and  King,  my 
master/'  said  this  minister  at  the 
conclusion  of  his  answer,  ''has  done 
jnst&ee  to  tiie  conduct  of  his  repre- 
sentative, and  to  the  resc^otion  of 
this  illustrious  assembly,  founded 
on  the  federal  law  of  S^t.  20, 
1919 ;  «nd  hiA  Imperial  Majesty 
has  thought  ftt  for  the  present  to 
SUsapextte  with  the  execution  of  the 
order  he  had  previously  given,  to 
direct,  at  tha  same  time,  the  atten- 
tion ef  the  Diet  to  o^er  journals, 
edited  in  a  maniJer  not  less  danger- 
ous and  perturbative  ;  such  as  the 
Gaselteof  the  Neckar,  Annals  of 
lifeurohard,  and  National  Chroniele 
ofthe  Germans,  because  his  Ma- 
jesty supposes  that  a  sentence, 
pronounced  according  to  the  laws, 
of  ^  confederation,  against  the 
Berman  Oftjifrtufr,  will  make  jour- 
nalists more  circumspect,  and  cen- 
sors more  vigilant. 

''The  Minister  President  has 
coPM^uenlly  heard  with  ]^easure 
the  deularatian  that  the  govern- 
ment of  Wirterabeig,  higMy  dis- 
approvingof  someperiodi^  papers 
which  appear  in  the  kingdom  of 
Wirtemberg,    proposes   to    stop 


the  sUmses  of  dn  press  by  i 
eensord^reffulatians;  which  «dl 
firevent  tor  the  lutiiie,  inaman* 
ner  conformable  to  ^  ob)iolsof 
the  confederation,  the  degeocfacy 
of  the  press." 

The  hantoiess,  with  wbsdi  Wif- 
temberg  was  treated  in  this  tnflS- 
action,  arose  probably  in  no  anfi 
measure  from  her  havrngwitthdl 
her  ooncurrenee  fiMn  a  measars, 
which  the  aBied  aoveieigns  hai 
deemed  benefieial  to  the  trunnph  if 
somd  piine^fdes  in  G«rmany.  la 
the  fae^ningof  theyear^thef  con* 
mnnicated  to  the  Diet  the  tenor  ef 
the  prooeedincs  which  had  been 
adoptod  at,  and  the  dicukr  whiflk 
had  boen  issued  fromi,  VcKaia; 
and  a  resahit&on,  amoiutmg  leaa 
approbation  <]f  those  proceeding 
Mid  that  drcnlar,  was  pniposed  ^ 
the  Austrian  represeotatrfe.  Tlie 
resolution  was  canied:  but  Ws- 
temberg,  though  the  veto  wai 
delayed  in  order  to  give  her-imins* 
ter  time  toreceivenew  instni^lkHi^ 
refused  to  concur  in  it.  In  thv 
opposition  she  was  oountenanm 
by  Hesse  Cassel  and  Hease  Damn 
stadt,  and  in  some  degree  by 
Bavaria  and  Hanover. 

In  Bavaria  the  government  had, 

ever  since  the  downfid  of  NsfO* 
leon's  tyranny,  exhibited  a  veiy 
liberal  spirit :  but  it  was  no  loa* 
ger  at  liberty  to  icHkm  the  ooun^ 
which  its  own  prindplea  and  feri* 
ings  suggested;  there  was  a  om* 
trSling  power,  acting  firom  widn 
out,  which  fbreed  it  to  advance  in 
the  career  o£  jealonsy  and  le- 
stnetion. 

New  instntetsoos  were  given 
to  the  censors  of  the  Bavarina 
journals,  founded  on  tlie  dectet 
of  the  German  Diet  of  1819»aii 


commanding  that  no  artiele  < 

be  allowed  to  pass,  which  might 

give  cause  to  remonstrancea  fipem 


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HSVCDRir:  OB  eurofe: 


im 


pOVMn,  or  #liidi  ccntiiti* 
edtlie  least  adtkiim  on  a^ts  enift- 
firom  another  state  of  the 
PidnbitioiM  weee 
aed  fdative  to  the  aaaooiatkms 
of  students  in  the  Universitiai 
•of  Eikngaiy  Landshut,  and  Warts- 
•teig^  and  die  extnordinary  cam* 
in  those  UnivanttieB 
to  exercise  the 
vigilance  in  this  respect, 
were  taken  in 
of  communiflatietis 
hf  the  ministers  of  Austria 
mad  Prossiay  and  after  a  retwrtof 
Mr.  FfeSSd,  the  Baivarian  Minister 
at  the  Diet,  on  the  debates  in  a 
«eoarac  aittim  of  that  assemhly . 
.  Aatria  had  the  incliniuion  to 
caany  her  iatexfereaee  rtill  further* 
It  waa  generally  beHeved,  that, 
in  the  faeginniBg  of  the  year^  she 
sMide  pr^osals,  though  withoot 
mooess,  to  the  courts  <^  Munich 
ami  Slotgaid,  to  put  an  end  to  the 
pnUseity  of  the  ddiatei  in  the 
ahamhere  of  BaTaiia  and  Wirteni* 

^  It  was  not  in  Germany  akme, 
Austria  was  desirous  of  im* 
; shackles  on  the  press:  she 
.  with  Franoe  and  Russia  in 
to  the  Swiss  cantons  re- 
tjaiBHWnHnliaiMij  whidi  had,  as  they 
wcae  intended  to  have,  the  efiect 
t£  «oaimand&  This  iaterferenoe 
took  pboe  early  in  the  spaing;  its 
cxiateiKe  was  known  at  first  only 
bf  the  ramoorB  of  which  it  was  the 
fldbject,  and  the  anxiety  whidi  it 
eocc^ei;  hut  it  soon  manifested  it- 
mdt  by  eflhotSy  diat  could  not  be 
miaunderstood.   The  reprpyntari  ve 

blad  fasftir^  their  usual  time ;  s»» 
rvrt  deliharaliona  were  held ;  and 
offirsorfoaiiy  powesa  of  fine  and 
iaqaiaoament  weae  coa&ned  on 
tlia  eouadl  of  state.  One  canton 
■aaeiidad;  tmnoaiitdir  to  th^  «n^ 


tit«siiaptmMi&of  the  KMF4r  of  ti» 
press  for  two  years.  InJuaa^Ihe 
council  of  state  issued  two  domes 
«f*the  one  estahlhhing  a  cenaoraby 
of  the  press,  or  rather  prohibitMig 
the  printing  of  any  reattrics  on  £»• 
reign  politics,  either  directly  or  in* 
diroctfy;  the  other,  inatiftuong  aa» 
▼ere  measures  of  poliea  against 
foceigneiB.*    These  dacrees  were 

*  The  followinp;  were  the  measures 
decreed  by  the  Helvetic  government 
irith  respect  to  foreigrtcrft  :— 

«<Actl.  Nofordiaershali  izhis 
legal  resid^uoe  iu  soy  ouUod,  unless  be 
haa  previously  obtained  pcnniwiou. 

"^.  Every  foreiffner  is  oblif^  to 
giv«  notice  to  Uie  police  vrithin  94  bdum 
tdter  his  avrival  la  tbe  csiitsa. 

*<3.  Foreigners,  who  after  their  arri* 
val  in  the  canton  shall  desire  to  remain 
more  than  three  weekf>,  shall  apply  to 
the  dlrector-gcneral  of  poWce,  at  the 
AlienHifllce. 

**  4.  Foreignsn^  who  sball  rwida  ia 
the  canton  without  being  autborised. 
shall  be  sentenced  to  pay  a  fine  of  500 
florins,  and  to  two  months*  tmpriscm- 
ment. 

•*S,  Keepers  of  fiimirtipdhitri%  iaft> 
keepers,  and  heusoobolders,  who  sbaJI 
have  lodged  Corcigners  without  permis- 
sion, shall  be  WMc  to  a  flne  of  1,000 
florins,  and  to  three  raontfit'  imprison- 
ment ;  in  ease  of  a  repHkbm  af  tiM  oC* 
&oee,  tbe  penalty  ahaU  be  donWsd.'' 

Tbe  decree  on  tlie  printing  of  |)o« 
litical  writings  comprises  the  following 
articles : 

^  Article  I .  No  persMi  shall  sell,  of 
oaMc  to  be  priatod,  witboat  the  pasvioas 
Ueense  of  the  eouncil  of  state,  works  re- 
lative to  foreign  policy. 

"  2.  This  ficensc  shall  not  be  given, 
tni  the  MS.  has  been  examined,  to  see 
if  ft  oentalos  aiif  tbing  repiebMiiibl»» 
labothcwrs,  iisnuaibt  siaaad  b]r tha 
author  sod  tbe  printer,  and  deposited  in 
the  chancery. 

*<3.  The  author,  printer,  or  book- 
seller,  who  slmH  transgress  this  order, 
ibsll  be  btougbt  bdsre  the  tribasai^ 
whert  tbey  may  be  rondasMsd  ton  i^t 
of  1,000  florins,  and  a  year's  impriaaa* 
mcnt.  The  penalty  may  be  increased, 
accoMing  to  the  contents  of  the  wHtlng, 
as  the  §erioiwne9s  of  the  dfciimftances 
nav  require.*'  ^  > 


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1T8]    ANNUAL  ilBOrfiTBfi,   1823. 


Italittiy  and  Pi<)diiumtMe  reAigee«^ 
to  quit  thd  Swin  territory ;  in* 
duungeten  thofe  who  had  resided 
thert  with  die  permissioii  of  their 
FO^«otive  foremmciittj  and  had 
done  so  fix*  10  and  15  years.  Thid 
elder;  which  was  stric^y  executed, 
did  luH  fMult  frotti  the  extraordi- 
nary powers  granted  to  the  council 
of  state,  but  was  an  exercise  of  the 
authority  conferred  on  that  body  by 
the  constitution. 

These  proceedings,  which  were 
Ibiown  to  have  been  adopted  in  con- 
sequence of  admonitions  ^ven  by 
AuMiria  in  the  name  of  lite  Ho^ 
Alliance,  accompanied  with  lists  m 
names  transmitted  from  Vienna, 
made  a  deep  impression  in  Swit- 
aerlaad.  Kor  though  little  account 
is  made  there  of  the  liberty  of  the 
preai,  which,  except  in  three  or 
four  cantons,  can  hardly  be  said  to 
exist,  the  Swiss  felt  humbled  at 
receiving  dictation  from  a  foreign 
pewer>  and  mertifiedat  being  ftm^ 
to  send  away  numbers  of  unfortu** 
nate  foreigners,  who  were  perse- 
cuted on  aU  sides,  and  were  without 
afty  plaee  of  refuge. 

In  July)  the  ^natters,  which  had 
excited  the  jealousy  of  the  Holy 
Alliance,  were  brought  under  the 
oQOsiderationof  the  Sww  Diet,  who 
i^tpeaved  fully  adnsible  of  the  ne» 
oessity  of  acquiescing  in  whatever 
was  demand^  of  them.  A  com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  consider 
the  subject ;  and  the  report  made 
by  them  was  such  as  was  better 
suited  for  an  Austrian  minister  to 
receive,  than  for  a  Swiss  patriot  to 
tkiiapU  They  refKurted^  that,  if,  on 
the  Mie  hand,  the  circumstances  of 
the  times  aflbrded  sufficient  morives 
fbr  adopting  prudent  and  general 
itieasures  of  police  witli  respect  to 
ttie  press  aiwl  (breign  refugees,  yet 
PH  the  p^ber  ht^nd,  none  of  thf  re« 


ktiotis  &bd  bythe  fWeral  eon* 
pact  should  be  violated,  or  the  so- 
vereign    rights   of   the  Helvetic 
states  endai^ered;  on  this  account 
a  resolution  of  the  Diet  would  not 
be  advisable :   it  would  be  better 
to  send  a  preising  invitadon  to  all 
the  cantons  to  Mbpt  vigoreus  and 
satisfiMtory  measures  for  preventing 
in  newspapen,  journals,  pamphletSf 
and  aU  kinds  of  periodical  pnblica^ 
tbns,  every  thing  which  might  be 
contrary  to  the  respect  due  to  fb> 
reign  powers,  or  might  give  them 
just  grounds  for  complaint    With 
regard  to  the  police  superintend- 
ence of  foreigners,   they  recom- 
mended that  measures  should  \» 
taken  to  prevent  fugitives  £rom  en- 
terinff  or  residing  m  Switzerland, 
who  had  left  theu*  country  in  con- 
sequence of  their  crimes,  or  of  any 
interruption  of  the  paUic  tran- 
quillity, or  who,  during  a  regulariy 
authorijed  abode  in  Switzerland, 
riiould  carry  on  intrigues  against  a 
friendly    foraign   power,    or    to 
trouble  internal  tranquillity  ;  that 
the  entrance  of  fereignera  ^oidd 
depend  on   their  possessing  valid 
certificates  from  their  recognised 
local  authorities;   which,  in  the 
case  of  those  whose  govemmeBts 
had  ministen  accredited  to   the 
confederation,  should  be  reoognieed 
by  those  ministers.     This  proposal 
was  unanimously  ajmroved* 

Still,  the  Holy  AUiaiioe  was  not 
satisfied.  In  consequence  of  a  oaiif^> 
renoe  of  their  ministers  hdd  at  Paris 
on  the  3 1st  of  July,  notes  similar  to 
each  other  were  presented,  on  the 
20di  and  21st  at  August,  to  the 
Helvetic  govennnent,  by  the  mi- 
nislers  And  chaigte  d'  a&ires,  re- 
siding at  Bemo,  for  the  courts  of 
Austria,  Russb^  Prusria,  France, 
andSardinia.  The  demand  was,  ^t 
jibout  ^00  refugees  of  vnriouit  coun- 
tries (many  of  whom  M  bteq  Nu 


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{if^ 


dead!)  should  be  expelled  from 
Switserland;  andasthesovereiffiis 
would  not  allow  them  to  reside 
either  in  their  dominions  or  in 
Spain  or  PcHtugal^  these  victims  of 
proscription  were  to  receive  pass- 
ports for  the  United  States  of 
North  America^  to  which  they 
were  to  proceed  by  way  of  Ham- 
burgh or  Bremen.  The  French  mi<* 
nifter  ftirther  required,  that  Swit- 
serland should  consent  to  arrest  and 
ddiver  the  deserters  and  refractory 
omiscripts,  who  might  take  refuge 
m  that  country,  in  proportion  as 
Switserland  was  submisdve,  the 
desuota  of  the  continent  rose  in 
tlieSr  demands :  and  befbre  the  end 
of  Ae  year,  they  called  upon  her, 
not  fbr  restraints  merely,  but  for 
the  total  suppression  of  the  liberty 
of  the  pitss ;  for  the  banishment 
ev«n  0/  those  foreigners,  who  had 
bsan  naturalised  in  the  cantons: 
and  for  the  abolition  of  chibs  ana 
rcadW  societies. 

Whue  Austria  was  thus  busy  in 
the  affiiirs  of  her  neighbours,  her 
own  nrovinces  exhibit  no  event  of 
any  importance.  She  agreed  to 
oompoond  for.  the  debt  due  tram 
her  to  the  English  government  by 
peeing  a  small  part  of  it;  andpro-. 
med  funds  for  the  purpose  by 
contracting  for  a  loan  in  London. 

The  emperor  of  Russia  ex- 
tended his  hatred  of  secret  societies, 
even  beyond  his  own  dominions : 
ibrhe  promulgated  an  ordinance, 
raoiiirii^  all  consuls  and  vice-con- 
«iis  In  m#  service,  resident  in  fo- 
rdgn  countries,  either  to  resign 
thSr  situations,  or  to  withdraw 
bom  and  toabiure  all  Free-masonry 
wdeties,  with  which  they  might 
hAve  been  previously  connected. 

Nothing  decisive  was  yet  known 
91  to  |he   course  which    Russia 


meant  to  adopt,  with  respeet  to 
the  celebrated  ukase  by  wlndi  she 
usurped  the  whole  of  the  more 
northern  part  of  the  western  coast 
of  America  and  the  ocean  inter- 
vening between  it  and  the  opposite 
shores  of  Asia.  On  the  one  hand,  it 
was  asserted,  that  a  Russian  fHgatQ 
had  driven  away  some  Ameiuan 
vessels,  which  had  transgressed  the 
appointed  limits.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  committee  of  the  society 
of  d)ip-owners  in  London,  stated, 
that,  having  made  application  on 
the  subject  to  his  majesty^  secre- 
tary of  state,  they  had  been  in- 
formed, that  representations  had 
been  nmde  to  the  Russian  goveiti* 
ment,  and  that,  in  consequence^ 
orders  had  been  sent  out  by  the 
court  of  St.  Petersburg  to  their 
naval  commanders,  calculated  to 
prevent  any  collision  between  Rtks- 
sian  ships  and  those  of  other  na« 
tions,  and,  in  effect,  suspendhig  ^e 
Ukase. 

The  present  year  cannot  boast 
of  the  dangerous  honour  of  a  Con- 
gress, unless  that  name  is  to  be 
ghren  to  the  meeting  between  the 
emperors  Francis  and  Alexander 
at  Czemowits.  This  interview 
took  place  in  consequence  of  ar- 
rangements made  between  the  two 
sovereigns,  while  thev  wei^  at 
Insprudc,  In  the  Tyrol,  after  the 
close  of  the  Congress  at  Verona ; 
and  its  sole  object  was,  to  confer  09 
the  aflmrs  of  Turki^,  Francis  ar- 
rived at  Caemowits  on  the  4th  of 
October:  on  the  evening  of  the  6t|i 
Alexander  entered  it ;  the  latter 
departed  on  the  11th  of  the  same 
month,  and  the  fbrmer  on  the  19th. 
Prince  Mettemlch  was  not  present : 
under  pretence  of  sickness,  he  re* 
mained  at  Lemberg,  where  he  was 
visited  by  count  I^eelrode* 


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180]    ANNUAL  RErGI«TBR,  1823. 


CHAP.  XII. 

Spais— Delivery  of  the  French,  Russian,  Austrian  and  Prusmn 
Notes  at  Madridr-^Proceedings  of  the  Cortes  upon  them^The 
Answers  of  the  Spanish  Government — The  Russian,  Austrian,  and 
Prussian  Ministers  receive  tlieir  passports — Address  from  the  Cortes 
to  the  King — Proceedings  in  the  Cortes  after  the  commumcaHon  of 
the  speech  of  the   King  of  France^Close  of  tfie  Extraordinary 

■  Cortes — March  <fBessieres  and  Ulman  upon  Madrid;  their  retreat; 
Ulman's  inroad  into  Valencia — Ferdinands  rtfusal  to  concur  in  the 
transference  of  the  Govemmeni  from  Madrid;  tlie  Ministers  r^- 
tnoved  and  restored  on  the  same  tkiy — Another  change  of  Minidrt/ 
— Opening  o/'  the  Ordinary  Cortes^Removal  of  tlie  King  afid 
Cortes  to  SeviUe — Military  Preparations -^Commencement  of  the 
Campaign — French  Refugees — St,  Sebastian — March  towards 
Maartd^Operaiions  in  Caiahnia-^Arrival^  the  French  at  Madrid 
— Convention  with  the  French — Attempt  of  Bessieres  on  the  Capital--- 
Establishment  tf  a  Regency  at  Madrid^-Treacliery  of  Abtsbal— 

\  Proceedings  of  the  Cortes  at  SeviUe — They  appoint  a  Resency^The^ 
Removal  of  the  Kir^  and  CoHes  to  Cadiz^March  of  the  French 
Troops,  from  Madrid  into  Andalusia — Cordova — Seville — Operations 
in  the  Asturias  and  Galicia:  Defection  cf  MorUlo^Contnna-^ 
Operations  in  Valencia  and  Murcia:  Defection  of  Ballasteros-^ 
idea's  expedition :  his  defeat,  and  capture — Operations  in  Cata- 
lonia— Arrival  of  the  Duke  of  Angpukme  before  Cadiz :  Ms  correS' 
pondence  mth  Ferdinand:  The  Trocadero  taken:  Negotiation 
attempted  by  the  Cortes:  Military  operatiofis :  Ferdinand  repairs 
to  the  head-quarters  of  the  French — Surrender  of  the  Fortresses-^ 
Tenmnation  of  the  Campaign — Course  of  Administration  pursued 
by  Ferdinand^Change  in  the  Spanish  Ministry. 

ON  the  5tli  of  January,  the  nofe  the  most  favourable  hopes  of  their 

of  the    French  government  steadiness  in  resisting  foreign  ag- 

was  presmted  to  the  Spanish  mi-  gression. 

nisters  ;  the  notes  of  the  courts  of  To  mark  at  the  same  time  their 

Austria,  Rusaa,  and  Prussia,  were  inclination  to  conciliate  the  fiiend- 

delivered  on    the  following  day.  ship  of  England,  a  resolution  was 

These  documents  were,  on  the  7th,  immediately  passed  for  satisfying 

oommunicAted  to  the  Cortes  in  a  Uiechdms  of  indemnification,  whicn 

secret  ntting;  and  were  received  our  minister  had  been  urging  at 

by  that  assembly,  not  merely  with  Madrid,  in  respect  of  losses  occa- 

an  unanimous  expression  of  indig-  sloned  to  Engushmen  by  captures 

nation,'  but  with  an  air  of  tempe-  for  pretended  violation  of  blockade 

^te  compoiute,  calcukted  to  excite  in  the  West  Indies  »nd  Ui?  neigh- 


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BISTORT  OF  BUROPE. 


[18^ 


_  Spafai  admitlecl  Ae 

dafaw  geDeralljy  leaying  their 
pvtieiilar  amount  to  be  deter- 
nmied  by  future  ammgeiiients ; 
waad  a  sum  of  40^000,000  of  reals 
{aoOfiOOL)  was  ordered  to  be  in- 
aoribedia  die  mat  bode,  toanswo: 
them  ^i^ien  adjusted. 

On  the  9th  of  January,  San 
Miguel  read,  in  an  open  ritting  of 
ihe  Cortes,  ihe  menacing  commn- 
akmtioas  from  the  four  members 
of  the  Holy  AlHance,  together 
tridi  his  replies  to  them.  These  re- 
plies w^e  in  the  form,  the  one,  of 
m  note  addressed  to  the  l^anish  mi- 
BiHer  at  Paris ;  the  other,  of  a  note 
addressed  to  tile  Spanish  charges 
ttafftdres  at  Vienna,  Berlin,  and 
St.  Petersburg  [See  Public  Docu- 
ments^ 154^  et  se^2  These  docu- 
menti  inasted  on  uie  right  of  Spain 
to  manage  her  own  aflrars  without 
legsrd  to  fordgn  interference,  and 
on  the  inoonsistency  of  the  allied 
sovere%us  in  now  assailing,  with 
inrective  and  threats  of  war,  the 
very  constitutiofi  which  they  had 
llMBieelves  acknowledged.  The 
readti^  of  the  notes  was  listened 
tb  wit£  imbonnded  applause,  both 
from  the  members  of  the  legisla- 
ture and  from  the  spectators  in  the 
galleries.  Galiano,  the  head  of  the 
▼iolenl^  liberal  party  in  the  Cor- 
tes, than  proposed  an  address  to 
diekmgon  the  present  situation 
of  alBdrs  t  all  voices  were  raised 
in  favour  of  the  suggestion.  Ar- 
gueUea,  the  leader  of  the  mode- 
rate party,  marched,  in  this  in- 
stance, pari  passu  with  Galiano ; 
and  a  motion  made  by  him,  to  ad- 
joam  for  eight-and-forty  hours, 
that  Europe  might  be  convinced 
of  t^  ddiberate  coolness  by  which 
the  councils  of  the  Spanish  legis- 
lature were  directed,  was  at  once 
Mproved.  Arffuelleswasappoint- 
Mtmemborcn  the  oommitteoof 


IXplomacy,  chained  with  the 
framing  of  the  address ;  and  €^ 
liano  TOre  testimony  to  his  con- 
Tiction— -that,  however  they  migiit 
differ  on  the  details  of  the  public 
service,  Arguelles  would,  when- 
ever the  safety  and  dignity  of  the 
nation  were  at  stake,  be  die  fore- 
most in  def<^ding  them. 

On  the  10th,  die  Austrian, 
Russian,  and  Prussian  ministers 
applied  for  passports ;  which  were 
transmitted  to  them  on  the  11th, 
accompanied  by  three  exceedingly 
laconic  communications.* 

On  the  11th,  Galiano  nresented 
to  the  Cortes  the  draught  of  an 
address  to  the  king,   idgned  by 

*  These  cotes  were  cooched  In  the 
fbUowing  terms : 

Answer  4o  the  Note  addre$ml  ip  the 
Pruwan  Minisier.^*'l  have  i<ecelvod 
the  Note  which  your  Excellency  tnms- 
mitted  to  me  under  the  date  of  the  iOtb, 
and,  contenting  myself  with  stating  in 
reply,  that  the  wishes  of  the  govern- 
ment of  his  moet  Catholic  Alijcsty  for 
the  happiness  of  the  Prussian  States 
are  not  less  ardent  than  those  manifested 
by  his  mijesty  the  king  of  Prussia  to- 
wards  Spain,  I  transmit  to  your  Bxcel- 
lency,  by  royal  order,  the  passports  for 
which  you  have  applied.'' 
*  Answer  to  the  Russian  Note,^-"! 
have  received  the  note  which  your  ex- 
cellency transmitted  to  me  yesterday, 
the  lUth  instant,  and,  limitii^  myseU^ 
for  my  sole  reply,  to  stating  that  yoa 
have  shamefully  abused  (perliaps 
through  ignorance)  the  hiw  of  nations^ 
whieh  is  always  respectable  in  the  eyes 
of  the  Spanish  gcyvemment^  I  transailt, 
by  order  of  his  Miyesty,  the  paaiports 
you  desire,  hoping  that  your  excelfency 
will  be  pleased  to  leave  this  capital  with 
as  little  delay  as  possible." 

Answer  t9  the  Austrian  Nete.'^^l 
have  received  the  note  whlcfa  your 
excellency  was  pleased  to  remit  to  mc» 
dated  yesterday,  Ae  10th,  and  having 
now  only  to  say,  that  the  government 
of  his  Catholic  Mi^esty  is  Indifferent 
whether  it  maintains  relations  or  not 
with  the  court  of  Vienna,!  senclyoa» 
by  royal  order,  thQ  pa8S|>ortft  wmch  yw 
bAv««ro^ttired«'' 


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4^3    ANJNiqyVU  RK^^ISTBR,  1823. 

.JhimseUv  and  hy  Cffiga,  Alavo,  An 
go^UusMt  Saavfldra,  ftuei  de  la  Ve- 
4»^  Aclan  and  Salva.  It  wai  to  this 
emet  \J^  Public  Documents  p. 
l$7*^:  tWtbeCQrtosmaiiiSBabsd 
to  hift  w^^Gtty,  that  th(^^  had  heard 
witk  tha  grcatast  astonubineat  the 
assartums  contaiaod  in  tho  notes 
of  the  cabijiett  of  Parisp  Vieiuia> 
Berlin,  and  Petcx^sburg ;  because 
these  diplomatic  fonununjoationi, 
besides  being  iaoonsisteiit  with  the 
establishect  practice  of  civilised 
nations,  were  instdtiag  to  the 
Spanish  aadoa,  its  Cortos,  and  its 
gcnrecnment;  and  that  they  had, 
at  die  same  tiine>  hoard  with  the 
greatest  a^tisfactioa  tho  judioioUs 
and  decorous  answer  made  hy  the 
Spanish  gorwnmont,  exposing  the 
^sehood  of  the  impiitalloiis  cast 
m^c  natian^  and  expressing  its 
determination  to  mamtain  its 
rights.  After  some  further  obser* 
vuttons  on  tiKie  points,  the  addiMS 
oonoiuded  by  declaring,  that  the 
CoHteS  were  prepared  to  maintain, 
at  eveirrisl^  the  dignity  and  [q[iilen« 
dmir  ot  the  eoaftkutioiiid  ^baiat, 
mdci  teidngior  ihe^Smdns,  as 
wieU«s  the  independence,  liberties, 
^nd  honour  of  the  Spanish  na* 
Cion,  and  to  deovee  wh^eversacri^ 
fioe  mig^t  be  neoesmry  for  tike 
^i^eservaitimi  ^interests  so  intvalu- 
able.  It  was  vot^  tdthoutone 
dissenting  voice*  The  reply  of 
4ie  Hag  was  caaMmimcated  to  the 
aasenUy  on  «ke  Mne  <day;  it 
breartied  tfie  most  aident  8eriti*> 
Aents  of  pjiuiotisnk  "  The  sentt>* 
itients,"  said  his  ns^esty^  ^'  vf  hon* 
cmr  and  ftatmud  faidepefideftoe>  so 
pMfeunAy  rooted  hi  the  hearts  <rf 
Sptttiards,  ofter  me  the  securest 

Sarantee^  Uiat  the  oxisting  po- 
ical  i»fltitutioiiSi-4he  olj^  of 
their  pwdfiectioi»«i*'will  eontiniie 
unsltwable,  notwithstanding  the 
etblrtft  of  their  most  vkdeiit  euem 


,  hoWj  lift  thisMipM^^wi 

ontfrtaia  the  sli^^htost  doubW  «hao 
I  am  a  witness  of  th^  efiuMoaiif 
the  patriot  fentimentsandfBaQ- 
xous  vwialdomj  which  will  isator 
the  4ittin|i  of  the  Natknal  Con- 
gress on  thoStbaod  llthof  this 
month  eternally  menyHaHft? 

^'  For  o^yaelfj  cDnvioced  mm 
and  moce  of  the  inpenous  nooii- 
d%y,  that  all  the  children  of  tkm 
mat  family  should  aflsanUa  toMftl 
iU  constitutioanl  Aroiie,  I  wOi 
steadily  foUow  the  route  whfah 
my  duty  prescdbea  to  mec  aad  if 
^  ipe^taokof  a  B$tion»  devolsd  ti 
the  defimoeof  her  iiide|ieadaMB«il 
lawflb  do  HOI  ratftraiA  thosQ  whav*' 
ditate  to  invade  her,  I  wiUjpiM 
n^aetftftberhead^  certain  aim* 
toiy  in  the  moat  just  of  CMM 
which  is,  04  tiNesamo  6mt^  that«f 
aU  the  free  natioM  of  Oa  wtk" 

Amidat  all  ihtf  axeiienMOl*  Ao 
British  anrtiassador  oei^iattad  ¥> 
eofert  his  «ttdeavoiAr9  to  pcessK«« 
peaces  The  owxae,  lullowml  Ar 
diis  puipos^wai,  iQriiaisiiiMiidiaf 
to  the  mimitars  to  make  oaOMina* 
dificatMmsiathacoMitiatien:  fa 
if  that  watte  conoedadft  ^vabdioved 
that  Fraane,  on  her  parW  ^^M 
withdraw  hor  aiviiy  of  obienwtiflit 
after  which  harmony  hetwieai  the 
two  neighboms  ni^Al  oasi^  hd 
restered.  The  Spauah  miaiitei^ 
boivevetf,  would  noi  liateniaMf 
proposala  of  oonoassimii  mA  * 
suggestion,  their  deolavei,  esaM 
not  oven  be  maiirinffiad  ia  Ihs 
Certea 

The«n>iiiMhisg  wiv  was  4ba 
only  -sulglect,  whidk  oM^fifA  Ae 
attetttion  of  the  Cottoa  ia  its  aa»* 
cesBi^e  flMotiiigB;  opd  an  aviiy 
ooea^en  the  iseatkn  of  itcalrf 
forUi  exyreasiMis  of  tlie  aaoatsHih" 
bom  tesokitioa  aever  to  yidd. 
Thespesphoftbeld^of  Fwiss 
t*  lh«     ■      " 


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BlSTdRY  OT  EUitOPB. 


[118 


cat«A  16  tile  C^rteb  on  the  5th  of 
Fehraaryhf  ft  ro]ridTRettttge;  and 
to  the  message  was  subjoined  a 
saties  of  propositions,  wnich  had 
-^  their  objeet  to  accelerate  and 
-extend  the  prepamtions  of  the  nd* 
Mtary  depaittnent.    On  the  6^,  a 
pi:t>|eet  of  deeree  was  discussed  for 
^living  effieaey  to  the  ministerial 
demands  of  the  day  preceding.  The 
eager  patriotism  of  more  than  <^e 
-ef  die  deputies  out-stripped  the 
deoMui^  of  ^e   govcnnucnt  for 
-#Bp|^eB,  and  led  them  to  reoom* 
tfieiid«  soale  of  enlistment  even 
more  liberal  than  that  reqtiired  by 
A*  ministers.    The  existing  esta- 
'hfitfinwnt  of  the  army  being  about 
€7>M0  men,  the  first  article  of  the 
^daeree  proposed  an  imme^&tte  ad- 
^Mon  of  i9,9f$  men,  to  be  drawn 
from  M.  the  prertnces  of  i^pain^ 
^ceoWttng   to    their    popuh^ion. 
Y<mng  men,  who  had  competed 
thsir  ITth  year;  might  be  admitted 
M  aiibibtutes,   or   as  Toltntteers; 
Soldiers,  who  had  already  served, 
it^gte  be  re-Nonlisted  by  the  go- 
««nnnent.    The  mttttia  was  to  be 
Wiudeied  ^BsposaUe.     The  impoiv 
Gallon  of  anna,  ammunition,  ^cc., 
w«t  authoHaed;    and  900  cun* 
I  were  ordered  to  be  fttted  out 
nmmed,  fbt  the  delbnce  of 
tandharbonn. 
'^Iie  finance^  too,  occupied  nmdi 
ef  Aa  time  of  the  legislatnre ;  and 
-vain  endearoun  were  nmde  to  re- 
asM^  by  enaetments,  those  den* 
«leiiees  in  the  praduce  of  the  taxes, 
which  arose,  in  some  degree,  no 
^nbt,  fifom  Uie  want  of  good  offi- 
cisl  arrangements,  but,  innnitely 
MMVy  'ftffva  the  poverty  and  Ae 
vului'ljed  state  of  the    eom^tiy. 
One  of  the  measures  adopted  wa^ 
to  aAnMriae  the  gc^remmeht,  dnr* 
iBg  tae  nrst  fonr  mouths  of  the 
Tear,  to  adcept  produce  in  discharge 
idoafiKiBi'tkeiowiis 


and  ^k)eesan  juntas,  and  to  com<* 
pound  with  individual  debten  to 
the  treasury.^ 

On  the  19th  of  February  the 
sittings  of  the  extraordinary  Cortes 
were  closed.  ''Some  diplomatic 
i^dations^''  said  the  Idng,  in  his 
speedi  on  this  occasion,  ^havii 
been  interrupted  durinff  the  sit<* 
tings  of  these  Cortes ;  mit  these 
misunderstandings  betwem  cabinet 
and  cabinet  have  increased  the 
moral  force  of  the  nation  in  the 
eyes  of  the  civilised  world,  where 
honour,  probity,  and  justice  are 
IMofessed.  On  seeing  that  Spain 
does  not  capitulate  with  her  degra- 
dation, a  just  idea  vrill  be  formed 
of  the  firmness  of  her  character, 
and  of  the  happy  influence  of  the 
institufiotts  1^  which  she  is  go* 
remed. 

'^  The  king  of  France  has  AeJ 
ehured  to  the  two  chambers  of  the 
legislative  body,  his  intentions  with 
respect  to  Spain.  Mine  are  already 
public,  and  are  attested  in  tlie 
most  solemn  manner.  Valour, 
decision,  constancy,  love  of  na^ 
tional  independence,  and  the  in- 
creased conviction  of  the  necessity 
of  preserving  the  national  code  ci 
ISlS-'^hese  are  the  vigorous  an- 
swers, which  the  nation  must  give 
to  the  anti-social  principles  ex* 
pressed  in  the  speech  of  the  most 
christian  monardi. 

''The  circumstances,  in  whidi 
the  public  a^tirs  are  placed^  are  of 
a  serious  character ;  but  there  is 
no  occasion  to  be  apprehensive  fot 
my  government  or  for  the  Cortes. 
My  firm  and  constant  union  with 
the  deputies  of  the  nation  wiB  be 
^he  secure  guarantee  of  a  happy 
issue,  and  ofthe  new  days  of  glory 
which  are  {Msparing  fbr  us.  The 
day  for  die  opening  of  the  sessions 
of  the  Cortes  is  near  at  hand.  A 
ttew  field  of  patriotism  is  flbont  to 


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lU}    A N N.U A L  R B:0 IS T £ R/  1823. 


pieaeDt  ita^  to  therc^preiienlRtxve^ 
of  die  na^ion^  and  to  me  new  mo- 
tives for  making  my  sentiments 
public." 

While  the  G>rtes  were  doing  all 
that  could  be  done  by  words  to 
vindicate  the  digni^  o£  their  coun- 
try»  Mina  was  more  usefully  em- 
ployed in  prosecuting  his  opera- 
tions in  Catalonia.  As  the  enemy 
had  disappeared  &om  the  field,  all 
that  remained  to  be  done  was,  to 
reduce  the  few  places  of  strength 
which  were  still  in  their  hands. 
In  this  the  'constitutionalists  were 
successful.  The  Seo  d'  Urgel  w^ 
defended  by  the  partisan  Romi^posa 
with  great  obstinacy ;  but  £unine 
at  last  compelled  him  to  abandon 
it;  and,  towards  the  end  of  January, 
that  fortress  was  occupied  by  Mina. 
On  the  28th  of  February,  Me- 
^uinenza  surrendered  by  capitula- 
tion. Many  wandering  bands, 
however,  still  continued  to  traverse 
Catalonia  and  Arragon,  thoush 
they  were  almost  uniformly  de- 
feated, whe^never  they  were  over- 
taken by  tlic  constitutionalists. 

While  the  cause  of  the  soldiers  of 
the  faith  was  thus  unsuccessful  iu 
that  quarter  of  Spain,  where  it  had 
a  few  months  before  flourished  in 
the  greatest  strength ;  the  in- 
trigues of  France  and  tlie  hopes 
of  ner  support  caused  disturbances 
to  break  out  anew  iu  other  pro- 
vinces. Of  these  attempts  to  sup- 
port the  cause  of  despotism,  the 
most  daring  was  one  which  was 
conducted  by  two  foreigiiers— 
Bcssieres,  a  Frenchman,  andUlmau, 
u.Swiss.  Bessieres  hud  commanded 
at  Mequincnza,  on  the  Ebro ;  and 
in  January,  he  had  broken  up  from 
that  place,  in  order,  as  it  would  iqp- 
pear,  to  march  upon  Saragossa. 
Being  opposed  by  Velasco^  he  was 
obUged  to  change  his  purpose,  and 
tb«i|  initedd  9f  diapeiwg  hi^ 


troops,  as  most  of  the  otiKV  cIdbA 
woiud  have  done,  be  formed  theboU 
design  of  making  a  fovoedmaodi 
upon    the   ca^tal   by  Catakgrod 
and  Siguenxa.    His  band  was  ui- 
creased  on  the  way,  by  the  juae** 
tion  of  all  the  discontented,  and 
when  he  passed  Guadelaxaca,  he 
commanded  not  fewer  than  be- 
tween 5,000  and  7>000  maii.    The 
troc^s,   that  could  be  despatchrf. 
from  the  garriflon  ci  Madnd#  has* 
tened  unMr  the  commai^  of  | 
ral  ODaly  to  i^i^ioae  thei 
The    capital    was    thrown    inte 
the  gEieat^t  alaim;  the  loyaUsts 
were  at  the  distance  of  mdy.%  £sw 
leagues;  and  if  they  were  ome 
within  its  gates,  re4nfoK«ed  tmikBef 
then  would  be  by  numexoue  friends 
connected  with  the  court,  and  mas* 
ters  of  the  person  of  the  king,  the 
consequences  mi^t  be  most  iatil 
to  tl\e  existing  authmliea.    The 
result  of  the  first  engagoment  was 
not  such  as  to  diminish  the  alana^ 
On  the  25th  of  January,  0'lMiy» 
with  a  column  of  1,000  Biai>  in^ 
eluding  I  Go  cavalry,  arrived  near 
Brihu^^  betv^een  three  and  &Mir 
o'clock.     He    there   discovered  a 
post  of  the  insurgents,  oonstfting 
of  60  lancers  and  a  comnny  of 
infantry.     A  squadron  of  the  iqp 
ment  of  Alcantara  charged  thm^ 
and     they    instantly     diapeiwd. 
When  O'Daly  arrived  in  si^  nf 
Torrya,  the  royalists  prooeeded  to* 
wards    the   heights  of   Levimte^ 
where  they  took  a  positimi.    Seiee 
men,  whmn  they  had  1^  as  Gue- 
rillaj^  were  obliged  to  retreat.  The 
commandant  of  the  eonstitulional 
troops  sent  forward  the  companies 
of  Guadalaxara,  and  the  sottadioa 
of  Alcantara  on  the  left  of  the  toad* 
Three  pieces  of  artillery  weie  left 
in  the  road  with  some  infantry  end 
a  company  of  cavalry ;   wlule  a 
battalion  of   milit-.tn  adiMmsad.  fl& 


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HIStORYr  OP  BU10I«, 


[1S6 


theiqi^  with  a  nieoe'of  taiSBery, 
to  attoek  the  vulage  of  Torrija. 
TkB  troopaan  the  Id^  with  the 
gnatar  part  of  thacaidlxyi  hehaved 
takral^ybiit  thoae  mi  tiie  right 
iiiaardintniy  g^ve  way  before  the 
nmlistSy  after  having  had  some 
kuled.  aiid  womidedy  and  f  eU  hack, 
with  their  axtillery  9  to  the  diBtanoe 
of  a  quarter  of  a  league  ficmn  the 
hfli^ilB*  The  in&uitry  on  the  left 
thanhegontogivewi^;  aiidimally> 
O'Dai^y  was  not  only  lepoliedy  but 
wai  ofalifped  to  abandon  three  pieces 
oC  canwoHi.  That  general  retired 
to  Goadalaaara,  mere  he  dnrew 
up  entroichiaents  at  the  palace  of 
dir^h]]E»4el  lalantadoy  and  theore 
bewaa  ioon  joined  by  reinforce- 
mgaOM,  whidi  were  sent  to  him 
fen  Madrid. 

Am  soon  as  the  news  of  this 
affidr  was  known  in  the  capital, 
the  -fflvenuncnt ;  being  dissatisfi- 
ed w^  «faa  conduct  of  O^Daly, 
seat  general  O'Donnel,  connt  c^ 
AhU&i,  to  rephice  him.  That 
officer,  sopperted  by  the  corps  of 
genacal  Vdasco,  advanced  against 
the  royalists,  who  had  taken  up  a 
posiiiott  ia  the  neighbourhood  of 
Gnaddbanra,  foioed  them  to  re- 
treat fmn  that  post,  and  rooted 
tham  in'diffieieat  skinnishes.  On 
the  £9th  of  January,  they  at- 
teaqpted  to  defend  the  bri^  of 
Auon  OB  the  Tagus,  and  likewise 
the  defiles  leading  to  Sacedon; 
but-  fiiiHng  at  evory  point  they  re- 
uaated  &r  Huete  and  Cuenca. 
PuBBued  during  the  whole  of  tne 
noath  of  Febniary  by  the  consti- 
tutionalists, Besmeres  and  Ulman 
Mtfaffnted  The  former  took  re- 
fi^  in  Axtaflon  and  Navarre; 
aad  hia  forces,  hy  the  beginning  of 
March,  were  nearly  all  dispersed 
or  Aesteoyed*  The  other  directed 
hia  ooarse  towards  Valencia,  where 
kit  gnninid  ipmwb  htcx^m 


to  poMss  himsdf.of  the  fortress  of 
Murviedro,  oppose  the  constitu- 
tionalists in  Che  field,  imd  eveii 
threaten  the  a^tal  c^  the  pn>« 
vince.  On  the  2nd  of  April  he 
endeavoured  to  intercut  a  con- 
siderable oonstitutumal  force  under 
oolonei  Don  Antonio  Bazan,  who 
was  mardiing  southward  from 
Castellon,  at  the  head  of  1,000 
veteran  soldiers,  to  the  relief  of 
Valencia.  Between  Ahnenara  and 
Murviedro,  the  insurgents  amount- 
ing to  5,000  men,  with  three  piec^ 
of  artillery,  presented  th^n^elves 
before  him,  but  were  immediately 
attadced  and  overthrown.  The  ej<- 
aggerated  accounts  of  Baisan  repre* 
sented  Ulman  as  having  lostoA  this 
occasion  1,000  men,  together  with 
a  number  of  ammunition-waggoiia^ 
and  1,000  muskets. 

The  last  labours  of  the  Cortes 
had  been  to  pass  a  decree  providing 
for  the  transference  of  the  seat  m 
government  to  Cadiz,  or  some  other 
town,  in  case  the  capital  were  mer 
naoed  by  the  invasion  of  a  foreign 
army.    On  the  Ipth  of  FehruBxy^ 
after  the  dissolution  of  the  extra* 
ordinary  legislature,  the  ministers 
waited  upon  the  king,  to  consult 
him  about  the  execution  of  tha^ 
decree.    His  majesty  showed  grea^ 
repugnance  to  comply  with  their 
wishes,  or   to  authorize  any  ar- 
rangements for  leaving  the  capital ; 
accusing  them  of  having  acted  con- 
trary to  his  commands  in  making 
the  proposition  which  had  received 
the  legislative  sanction.     He  fur-* 
ther  insisted  that  such  a  measu^, 
partaking  of  pusillanimity,  and  be- 
jtrajring  the  want  of  means  of  re- 
sistance, would  have  for  its  result 
the    most    fatal  disorders.     The 
ministers  answered,  that  their  de- 
terminatk>n  w^s  fixed ;  that  they 
were  responsible  to  the  Cortes ;  and 
that  it  was  not  ia4h«pow«r^tf»9 


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a«6]    ANNUAL  ftEGtStER,    18^3. 


Infie  to  reject  a  measure  of  high 
'pohcf,  decroed  bf  th^  Cortes^  eon- 
wrmaMj  to  the  arHcles  of  die  con- 
-^nation,  which  chai^  them  vigi- 
lantly to  maintain  the  8ecui4^  of 
-Clie  state.  **  They  wimld,  then, 
tnuufer  me  i^auMt  my  will  y 
«lMerv«d  the  monarch.  *  Yes,  if 
the  Cortes  ordain  line  translation 
y>f  the  govemmfent,"  replied  the 
minister  of  justice,  *'  f  would, 
without  hesitation,  dgn^  the  or- 
-der  to  tdcc  you  away  hound, 
in  case  of  absc^te  necessity." 
After  dedbring  that  he  would  not 
comply  with  the  decree,  the  king 
Tequirod  the  ministers  to  surrender 
their  seals  of  oftoe.  The  deoiee 
of  ^lestHutimi  was  oountersigned 
1^  Egea,  the  minister  of  finance, 
in  eonsequenoe  of  a  previous  un* 
derstanduig  wiUi  his  oc^eagues, 
that  any  one  of  them>  to  whom  liis 
imjesty  i^ould  apply  for  such  a 
purpose,  woidd  first  sign  the  de*- 
cfoe,  and  then  tender  his  own  re* 
d^natioit. 

As  sobn  as  these  evaits  became 
|aiUie>  great  agita^on  took  place 
m  ^le  popular  dubs,  among  the 
adherents  of  the  ndniafeerB,  ai^  the 
party  that  had  supported  the  de- 
xTdt  of  the  Cortes,  to  which  his 
majosty  showed  snch  repugnance. 
A  crowd  eollecfted  around  the  pa* 
iaee,  vocifoat&ng  menaces  against 
ihe  person  of  the  king,  caffing  out 
fair  a  legeaey,  and  testifying,  in 
every  way,  their  indignadon  at  the 
^^fesmssal  of  ministers,  and  its  cause. 
"The  crowd  was  not  great,  hut  ap* 
peared  to  be  guided  by  some  per- 
sons  ef  hi^er  station  attd  great 
inHuenee:  and  they  would  pro* 
bably  have  even  entered  and  pro- 
ceeded to  the  apartments  of  the 
long,  had  they  not  been  restrained 
by  the  grenadiers  aoid  the  militia, 
who  diit^ersod  them.  Egea,  who 
~  wtth  lihe  kti^>  at 


length  obtained  from  him  anothfr 
decree  to  i^e^tore  the  ministers  to 
the  offieescf  wMch  hehaddeprfted 
them .  The  deposed  mmistcrs  were 
therefbre  replaced  in  theh*  respec- 
tive situations,  and  the  public  ^sn- 
quillity  was  restored.  On  the  foV- 
lowing  day  (the  «Oiih),  a  multitude 
met  in  the  square  and  signed  a  pe- 
tition dcmssi^g  ardency.  Dur- 
ing this  scene  of  tiurbofence, 
whkh  created  fittle  tdarm,  snd 
WES  attended  w^  no  exeesses,  dte 
great  body  of  the  eitivens  i^emsdned 
«dm  and  orderly.  On  the  same 
day,  the  king  summoned  the  eoun^ 
dl  of  state  before  him,  and  cottN 
plained  of  the  menaces  of  his  mi- 
msters.  The  -  ministetv,  far  fnwn 
denying  any  thing,  defended  their 
lan^age,  and  insisted,  ^utt  ettfj 
individuid,  the  king  not  excepted, 
was  subject  to  the  oonstitutionsl 
decrees  of  the  Cortes.  The  comr- 
cil  of  state  could  only  offer  the 
king  one  eonsoktion ;  and  dtttWM, 
to  remiiid  him  that  he  possessed 
the  n^t  of  dismissing  his  mimsters 
whenever  he  chose.  Whatdensioa 
was  ^s,  when  the  king  was  com- 
pelled hy  the  vociferations  of  ^ 
assembled  populace,  to  neinstate  at 
midn^ht  on  the  19th,  the  very 
ministen  whom  he  had  disnnfiSCu 
at  six  o'clock  in  the  evening ! 

On  the  1st  of  March  the  minis^ 
ters  i^in  tendered  their  rerfgnft- 
tions,  which  were  accepted.  Several 
of  the  individuals,  who  were  named 
to  the  vacant  offices,  declined  t&e 
honour;  and  f£i&r  a  fortnight's 
uncertainty,  a  new  ealnnet  ^rm 
formed,  composed  of  Oon  Manuw 
Garcia  Barros,  as  minister  of  ^ 
interior,-— Don  Sebastian  FerWw* 
dejB  VaUesa,  as  minister  of  grace 
and  justice,— Florez  Estrada,  ts 
minister  of  foreign  aftuis,— Tor* 
rijos,  as  minister  of  war,— and 
Cahd  4e  Bomi8>  «8  mMMr  4f 


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HISTOIIY  OP   EUROP 


im 


Tba 
^f  wm  to  comtiwm  m  the 
BtaCflffiun,  till  ^tmyhsA 
idle  nflOiBfliy  rapotta  to  die 
Cm^sB,  wmd  till  die  ginreniiaait 
hmi  iMKbed  ks  uhiaste  do8tiB»ii 


On  Ad  lit  itf  Handle  die  ] 
«f  die  vdiiiny  Cortes  was  opened. 
I^k^^pli^iBngindiydlMPes 
Ui  en»Ba» «  not  etteni  in  poraon ; 
hiildi^aecaBteMscf  suite,  eekis  be*. 
lialC  ddiraed  le  d»  tmUaU  his 
to  tie  depntauy  the  biw 
«£  whaoh  was  iach  as  be* 
Ae  dimniateDoes  e£  dw 


«  The  Moat  affi8lievilaxig»''Md 

ewJirtj^bMiteteddMil  100,000 

I  to  some  te  eetdt 

lefiiM^^Spaan,  said 

i  the  emmi  of  «ur  instiAa* 

Mfhee  betfaie  ^arera  aoldfan 

Lteieteaalawaf    In 

\  is  k  wiittee,  diae  niUi* 

jewsiims  my  be  the  pMeu^- 

ef  Mtioaaa  Mkitf  w  aey 

_    _  I?    It  would  be  imieordKy 

aBBBaa»  end  iswoeldint  be' 
fewm  Ae  eaBstttecdraai  Ueg  of 
I  to  ^aiogise  Ibr  die  j«Mt 
ithose^ii^iA 
to  eolbdee  eveiy  fedng  ef 
'  t^eeuKivcB  widi  the 
ftof  Oenest  djeeaatcMa  hy« 


Iket  the  enevgy,  the 
lA  4ne  ooMtOMy  in  wW 
Gertea  mil  ftBm  die  bast  vefAy  to 
:  4»f  tha  Host  Chrislnm 
1  hap^  diet,  steedif  Ir  dieir 
dsa^  end  lesalvod  to  ifralk  in 
thifc  pikhef  dxdr  datf,  th<7  wiH 
alaai^ba  AaCottes  ef  dM^  md 
lith  af  Jiuiuir^,  mid  ^irar^eifimiiid 
idleaapacts  weiidif^  the  He- 
has  itttrasltd  te  dRM 
Far  tof  part^  I 
4eJdia  t^edsMi 


Coogiess  the  ce>opetatioA  of  all 
my  eflbrts  te  leriiw  hopes  whiili 
thelnendfl  of  liharal  iaatkutiaiis 
pkoe  m  Spain,  hf  canying  iate 
eiecution  dl  tlM  aeosores  >Rridiki 
die  compass  of  ay  authority  te 
enel foiee  Iht fofo^  Theetaseiw 
eUe  lemeval  of  my  paieni  and  the 
Cortestoe  point  ton  subject  te  the 
ii^ueiioa  of  militaiy  operatiaoB^ 
will  pandyee  the  onemy's  plens, 
and  prevent  amy  suapidoa  in  die 
inpudsa  ef  the  Govamatent^  the 
eotion  of  which  au^  U>lm  Mb 
kk  every  pofait  of  ue  Hunaudiy.'* 
To  this  speedtk,  e  suitable  esueier 
was  returnad  on  the  4th. 

In  the  sittng  of  the  tnd  ef 
March)  e  member  piepoaad,  that 
the  Minsten  should  beoaUed  iu^ 
and  mpiked  to  state,  what  pea* 
cautious  diey  had  taken  for  die 
defimce  of  the  kingdoei,  and  what 
aRaoMBents  thay  had  aiede  te 
tiansm  die  seat  <^DO^wrnasKit  te 
e  aafiv  ^aae  dm  Madrid,  lie 
nniiisten  dedaied,  that  dwy  had 
tahan  all  the  neMures  in  dieiff 
power  f«r  the  defenoe  of  the  kingrf 
dom  against  forogn  invasion,  hut 
that  dSy  eiperionead  efartedea  m 
diaaging  the  seat  of  goveinaMnt. 
The  Cartes  on  ilk  deeiead,  that 
on  dieMlewtogday<the^)dKy 
wouxd  talEe  mte  eaniBocraawn  toe 
necessity  of  ohang^g  the  aeat  of 
government)  and  ddermiae  on  the 
city  to  which  it  should  be  ttatist 
feired. 

Seville  waa  fina%  the  place 
whieh  was  selected;  its  prin^pal 
recommendatiims  were,  its  remote* 
nass  from  die  French  ftuntjer,  end 
i|s  modeiaea  distance  inini»  and 
fiMtlity  ef  cenanunioedon  with 
Ce&r,  which  was  with  reaaoR 
looked  upon  as  the  last  StMig-held 
of  the  constitutional  canaa. 

Whank  wna iimanenrt  te  haa 
Majesty,  that  the  court  and  | 


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iU\    ANNUAL;  R&GISTEB,;  1823. 

taoiliiwaiD  to  be  tnuufieiral  to 
Senile,  be  endeavoufcd  to  afoid 
tbe  joasiey,  on  tbepke  of  iadi^K>> 
4KtioB.  A  committee^  oompoeed 
ohkfly  of  FhyAmoM,  was  appoint- 
ed to  report  on  tbe  xojel  boiltb ; 
MOfi  as  bb  Mijest/ft  leal  or  px^ 
iesdad  attack  of  tbe  gout  was 
found  not  to  be  80  aevere  as  to 
xeBMier  bim  unable  to  travdi  bis 
departure  from  Madrid  was  fixed 
for  tbe  17tbof  Marcb.  A  furtber 
xti^le  (d  tbree  days  was  after* 
wsicda  gBMited  to  bim :  and  on  the 
tSOtb  (£  UmA,  be  set  out  from 
the  eapkaL  He  was  escorted  on 
tbe  road  hj  abody  of  troopm  com- 
posed <^eAy  of  Militia^  and  arrived 
in  SeyiUe  upon  tbe  IQUi  of  ApriL* 
Thov^  tbe  .  preparations  of 
Spun  to  meet  tbe  impending 
emifUct  WBoe  far  from  beii^  pro- 
portioned to  tbe  danger  which 
threatened  tbe  constitutional  flrf»> 
teniy  her  rulers  did  not  altogether 
neglect  the  means  of  resisting  the 
inmder.  Annies  were  ordered  to  be 
levied^  and  allotted  to  tbe  defence 
of  the  diffisvent  provinces;  and 
considemUe  assiduity  was  diq»lay« 
ed  in  pBOvisLoning  and  puttmg  in  a 
stato  of  defence  tbe  fortresses  on 
the.east^n  and  western  frontiers 
— JTigueras,  Barcelona,  Tacragonay 


•  The  fidlowiag  is  the  lUnefaiy  of 
hia  Mijesty's  jouracy  from  Madrid  to 
Seville,  as  arraoged  oeibre  Lis  depar- 
ture :— March  20,  Aranjuez,  7  leagues ; 
Slst  TembUque,  7 ;  S2nd,  Madridejos, 
4 1  t3fd,  VnUrta,  S ;  84th,MaoaaDare8, 
5  ;  8Mh  ahalt ;  36th,  Valdepinas,  4 ; 
27th  and  28th,  a  halt ;  30th,  VisUlo,  4 ; 
doth.  La  Carolina,  6;  31st,  a  halt; 
April  1st,  Balen,  4 ;  2Dd,  Andujar ,  5  ; 
3ni,  Corpio^  7;  4cfa>  Cordoba,  5  ;  5th 
aad6th,  ahalt;  7th,  Cariota,  6;  8tb, 
£cUay4;  9th»lALiusjna,3;  10th,  Car* 
mona,  6}  llth^  Seville,  6.- Total,  88 
leagues. 

Thejomney  was,  however,  actually 
eoaiplaM  In  cue  day  lets  than  tbe  toe 


and  Urtod  on  die  eae; 
and  Panipebina,llt. Sdtestian, and 
Santonaontheothei;    Tbeanues 
were  conunanded  by  tbe  first  iniii- 
tary  characters  of  Spsin.  '  Mtaa 
wasappointed  to  conduct  thestmg- 
l^le  in  Catalonia ;  Abisbal  hadbeen 
mvested  with   the  coanDaad'  of 
Madrid.       Ballasteros,    slthoagb 
boUing  a  seat  in  the  Oortes,  whose 
mcmbm  were  held  by  the  eottstito- 
tion  incapabloof  Wmg  nsyoflke 
underthe  a»wn>  waseseaaptedfRMi 
that  disability  by  »  special  law,  and 
set  over  tbe  eastem  prdvinees  ef 
Anagon,  Vabnda,  and  Muroia ; 
while  Mcnillo  declared  his  tetHf^ 
turn  to  forget  the  okaoor  which 
bad  not  long  beibre  eon^eUedhim 
to  leaive  Madrid^  and  ossuniod  die 
oonmand  of  tbe  North  of  SsomtB, 
indoding  Galioia)  Astunas,  Lecnv 
and  the  bordering  part  of  old  Cas- 
tile. VillaMnopa,in  thoneaatinie» 
was  to  form  an  amy  of  reserve 
in  Andalusia ;  while  MonUo  wd 
BaUasceros    were  to    harass    the 
eneny  by  proToldng  them  to  fie* 
quentsUnnishes;  aiM  thu8»  by  gra* 
dually  weakening  ihem,  to  pieyent 
the  Fxendi  army  bma  mavdnng 
into  the  interior.    The  enpeiior 
numbers  of  the  invaders,  koweror, 
defeated  this  plan.    Ont  of  the 
70^000  men  that  oonwosed  it,  it 
was  not  difficult  to  find  a  nondier 
sufficient  to  neutraliae  the .  eAnts 
of  those  Spanish  troops  that  were 
to  operate  on  their  fluika,  and  allow 
tbe  main  body  of  die  amy  to 
march   forward  into  the  interior 
without  danger  or  embarrassment. 
On  the  1 5th  of  Maich,  the  Dnfce 
d'Angouldme^  genraalittiBio  of  dbe 
Frendi  forces,  left  Paris  and  pre* 
ceeded  to  the  fiwntiers.     When  he 
arrived  at  Perpignan^  he  found  it 
necessary    to   ti^e    measnres  to 
crush  a  plot  whiiA  bad  been  fonned 
8gttnittbe9am0< 


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HMTORT  OF  EUROTB.     /     [tSf 


UMU  Mresal  Fwndi  insunpents^ 
andhwchj  it  waageoerallpr  bdiev- 
fjdj  cnlffaoccl  officexs  o£  luidi  cuik* 
l>e  wbok   affidr  has   lemained 
wr^  in  mjatay  ;.  ior,   although 
Goieial  Pia^  the  alleged  nng-l^ 
der.of  the  plot,  and  two  of  hia 
•cfimnplices   were  .  arrested^    the 
French  floveauaent  took  no  fur-> 
ther  pa  uk  meanires  in  the  aiGbir. 
On  the  2nd  of  Apri],  the  duke 
d'Ai^foulenie  puhUahed  a  proda* 
iVMtiDQ  addt^ned  to  the  Spanish 
aatioDf    He  assigned  as  his  leaaona 
€v  nraoaching  their  tenitories^ 
and  intarfering  in  their  political 
BxpmgemmtB,  the  repeated  provo* 
cytigM  that  had  been  giinen  to  his 
Vost  Christian  Majesty  by  the  re- 
^olutionai^  £EM:tion  that  seoned  to 
bear  sway  in  Spain.    He  thought 
it  hi^  time  to  counteract  the  mal 
efibcta  of  a  contagion^  which  had 
already  q^read  it^lf  over  Naples 
and  Piedmont^  and  had  gone  &r 
to  destroy  the  loyalty  of  the  French 
army.    He  hoped  that  he  would 
be  assisted  in  Bs .  attempt  to  save 
the   independence  and   glory   of 
Spain,  ,by  the  steady  and  fedthful 
Go-opeiation  of  all  who  were  the 
friends  of  order  and  established  law. 
*'  %aaiaids,"  said  he,  ''all  will 
be  done  for  you,  and  with  you. 
The  French  are,  and  wish  to  be, 
only  your  auxiliaries;  your  stand- 
ard  alone  will  float  on  your  cities  ; 
the  pnmnoes   traversed  by    our 
8ol4ior8  will  be  administered  in 
the  name  of  Ferdinand  by  Spanish 
authority ;  the  most  severe  disd-. 
plinewUl  be  observed;   all  that 
^laU  be  necessary  for  the  service 
of  the  ani^y,  will  be  paid  for  with 
relig^nia  exactness.'*   A  formal  or- 
der was  immediately  issued  to  the 
Frendi  troops,enforcing  thestrictest 
discipline:  and  in  the  event  it  was 
pnnred  to  the  world,  that  a  French 
ifiny  .4o^  not  necessarily  cany 


akmgifMi  JtfqfMiHBttflnii  aa 
Their  progress  throng  %ain  waif 
marked  l^  no  cruel  exoesaps.  In 
every  imitaiioe  they  manifested  a 
desire  to  reiqpect  the  laws  and  |»a« 
perty  of  theiXHmtrj  throufffa.  whidi 
thoy  marched.  The  FrenrS  waldian 
fimned,  in  this  respect,  a  very- 
atrildng  contrast  to  the  conduct  of 
the  army  of  the  Faith,  whe  in- 
dulged in  all  manner  of  excesaea 
towards  those  who  diffisi;«d  ftom 
them  in  opinum.  It  wasintendedy 
that  they  should  have  fonned  the 
van-guard;  but  their  wanton  mis- 
conduct^  rendered  it  necessanr  to 
place  them  in  the  rear;  andthe 
approach  of  the  Fraidh  soldien 
was  hailed  in  every  district,  by 
the  more  respectable  Spaniuds,  as 
a  deliveiiance  from  the  barbarities 
of  their  own  countrymen. 

On  the  6tii  of  Amil,  military 
operations  commenced,  and  some 
ra  the  divisions  of  the  French  army 
reached  the  banks  of  the  Kdasaoa. 
Here  another  attempt  was  made 
to  shake  the  fidelity  of  the  invading 
troops.     Not  more  than  a  hundred 
exiled  Frodchmen,  commanded  by 
one  Carron,  weve  seen  on  the  fur- 
th^  side  of  the  river,  cbthed  in 
the  uniform  of  the  old  imperial 
guard,    and  waving  the  tnodor 
standard  surmount^  by  the  eaji^le 
of  Austerlitx.     In  thus  displaymg 
every  ensign,  that  was  most  Iftely' 
to  revive  m  the  army  associations 
of  the  revolutionary  war,  and  feel- 
ings of  hostility  to  the  reigning, 
family  of  France,  they  seem  to 
have  acted,  more  for  the  sake  of 
parade,  or  from  the  impulse  of  the* 
moment,  than  in  pursuance  oi  any. 
regular  and  well-concevted  scheme. 
Three  discharges  of  gn^  and  one 
of  shot  from  a  small  batt^  of 
cannon,  followed  by  a  volley  of 
musquetry,  put  the  refugees  to 
%bt;  and  wh^  terror  nq  Ipni^ 


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!9*j    ANI^tJrAt    RBOlfeffift,  1823. 


mafk  the  consequences  or  their 
feUj,  they  foiind  that  ftur  of  their 
(MSeen  and  seven  priTates  had  heen 
kflled  or  wounded. 

On  the  7th,  abridge  was  thrown 
acrt)68  the  river,  and  on  that  and 
the  following  day,  the  whole  rf 
the  French  army  passed.     The 
Spainsh  detachments  which  were 
hi  the  small  frontier  towns,  re- 
treated before  them  in  good  order, 
and  threw  themselves  into  St.  Se« 
hastian.    The  French  immediately 
appeared  before  this  town;   and 
rfttoilt  two  o'clock  of  the  afternoon 
of  the  9th  of  April,  sent  in  a  flag 
of  truce,  requiring  the  surrender 
1^  the  ^ce,  to  be  held  in  depofdt 
for  Petdinand  7th,  by  a  Bourbon 
prince.    While  the  answer  to  this 
propotitidn  was  preparing,  the  left 
wing  of  the  French  made  a  move- 
ment in  advance,   and  opened  a 
heavyflreofmusquetry  on  a  Spanish 
galliot  which  was  anchored  m  the 
harbour.    A  message  was  imme- 
diately  sent  td  the  French  com- 
mander, informing  him,  that,  if  he 
did  not  withdraw  his  troops  and 
replace  them  in  the  points  which 
they  occupied  When  he  sent  in  the 
flag  cf  trucci,   reprisals  would  be 
matte  Upon  it.    This  threat  had 
the  proper  effect :  the  fire  was  dis* 
contuiued,  and  the  enemy's  troops 
withdrew  to  their  former  position. 
After  the  flag  of  ttuce  had  returned 
to  die  Prendi  camp,  a  detadiment 
of  IfiO  nten  was  sent  out  from  San 
Sebastian,  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
connoitring the  enemy.    This  de- 
tachment, Tiowever,   got  engaged 
with  some  advanced  corps  of  the 
French,  and  was  finally  charged 
by  1,500  of  the  Royal  guard.    A 
battalbn  was  sent  out  from  the 
garrison  to  support  the  detachment, 
and  prevent  it  from  being  cut  off, 
^  w«m  nttlan  tbm  commfncfl4» 


Tr6  Spanzni  tioop^,  tAOttsh  fftBXtf' 
inflsrior  bi  number  to  tne  ettemy, 
fim^t  gallantly,  and  succeeded  m 
saving  the  detachment.  On  Ae 
Spannh  side,  there  were  two  ofilcets 
killed,  three  wounded^  and  ISjpi- 
vates  killed  and  wounded.  The 
French  loss  was  conriderable. 
During  the  remainder  of  Ae  cam- 
paign, a  loose  Uockade  of  the  place 
was  maintained.  The  governor,  to 
facilitate  the  procurineof  Ae  neces- 
sary sujrpUes,  dedaredthe  port  fltec. 
Leaving  the  Uodtade  of  San 
Sebastian  to  be  matiaged  by  prince 
Hohenlohe,  the  duked'Angcndtae 

reeded  towards  MadrQ.     On 
mardi  to  the  capita!  he  re- 
mained  several  days  at   Toloss, 
and  arrived  at  Vitttma  Just  about 
the  time  that  general  V afUn  was 
passing  the  Ebro  without  resist* 
ance.    It  was  difficult  to  ascertain, 
what  were  now  the  precise  plans 
which  the  Spaniards  intended  to 
pursue. '  They  abandoned  almost 
every  thing;    yet,    at    insulate 
points,   diey  fought  c^)Stiiiatety  J 
they  retreated  before  the  French, 
and  yet  the  latter  seemed  to  dicad 
their  strength  or  their  cutinbg : 
fi:>r  their  advances  into  die  interior 
were  made  with  much  caution  and 
slowness.  Many  instances  might  bd 
given  of  the  inconsistency  with 
which  the  Spaniards  acted.    Thus, 
they  made  no  exertions  to  defrnd 
the  bridge  of  Miranda,  die  con* 
sequence  of  which  was,  that  not 
oniy  general  VaHin,  but  Ukewise 
the  duke  of  Recgio,  crossed  the 
Ebro  without  difficulty ;  while,  at 
Logrono,  a  corps  of  about  a  thou- 
sand Spaniards,  commanded  hy  the 
Brigadier  Julian   Soncheir,  were 
itghting  desperately  against   the 
van-guard  of  general  Obert ;   and 
when  they  were  compelled  to  yield 
to  superior  numbers,  ttiev  continued 
the  strujpgle  In  ihc  bouses^  i»l 


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HI8T0RV  OF  EUBOPS, 


riti 


of  'tli0  town.  Hie 
nritpenraclcd  the  inhabitants  of 
Fteipehtna  and  Santona.  They 
reAiaed  to  comply  with  the  terms 
ptapomsd  to  them,  and  made  pre- 
paiation  for  a  protracted  siefe. 

The  head-quarters^  i^ter  oonti- 
nning  for  about  a  month  at  Vittoria, 
were  moved  to  Burgos ;  and  there 
the  duke  d'Angoul^me  joined  the 
divisions  of  t&  duhe  of  Reggio, 
which  had  arrived  ih&e  on  the 
^tod  of  April  The  halt  at  Vit- 
todft  aiose,  it  was  supposed,  from 
an  expectation  that  the  left  wina 
of  the  army  under  Moncey  would 
mcd  penetrate  through  Cataloniaj 
and  eitahiish  communicatiotis  with 
the  main  body.  For  a  while 
Monoey  met  with  but  few  ob- 
Btades  in  his  career;  and  the 
road  to  Barcdona  was  open  before 
InnL  But  he  saw  the  danger  of 
advancing  rai^y.  The  Frendi 
army  ooiUd  have  proceeded  along 
the  phdn  whidi  stretches  between 
the  mountains  and  the  sea  through 
the  whcde  extent  of  Catalonia  to 
the  frontier  of  Am^on  and  Va- 
lencta«  if  Mina  could  £ive  been  dis" 
lodged  from  the  stations  which  he 
occufned  on  the  mountains :  until 
that  was  effected,  Moncey  saw  it 
would  have  been  madness  to  pene- 
trate further:  for  the  troops  of 
Mina  would  have  immediately  de- 
scended from  the  mountains  and 
harassed  his  rear.  Mina's  forces, 
distributed  into  three  divisions, 
each  consisting  of  3,000  men,  were 
spread  along  the  banks  of  the 
Fluvia ;  and  tq  this  point  accord- 
ingly ^e  French  general  directed 
the  strength  of  his  army.  Having 
concentrated  his  scattered  troops, 
he  presented  himself  before  Mina. 
General  Donnadieu  was,  at  the 
aame  time,  bringing  doWn,  through 
Cfl«predon,  the  reserve  divisions 

to  m\^\  W  r«nr,   Mio»  rerwit^ 


^MfhotitglviagbMlc  TwdrmI 
advantages  wove  now  gained  by 
Moncey.  He^  first  of  all^pottessed 
himsetf  of  Oeiona,  and,  in  the 
second  phMse,  had  it  in  his  power 
to  advanoe  further  into  the  interioi) 
whenever  he  thou^  it  expedient 
to  do  so :  for  Mina  w«s  mm  so  l«ur 
behind  him,  that  he  could  XM  be 
suddmly  attacked  on  the  reslh 
AlUiougb,  howevsr,  the  path  wa«' 
open  bttore  1^,  and  althongjh  he 
would  have  been  Justified  in  acting 
with  more  confidoioe  skioe  thefau 
of  Saragossa,  whleh»  hekig  eva- 
cuated by  Ballastevos,  had  yielded 
to  the  lefi  wing  of  ^  French 
army,  under  the  command  of  Mo^ 
litor,  he  saw  that  he  oould  not 
cooperate  effectaally  in  the  geneval 
plan  of  the  campaign.  The  c^ 
stades  {^resented  m  Catalonia  nut 
it  out  of  the  power  of  the  inva^rs 
to  bring  it  immediately  under  sub* 
jection.  The  contest  in  that  quarter 
would  obviously  be  p«(»acted,  and 
would  afibrd  Moncey  suffldmit  em- 
ployment:  but  provided  he  was 
active  in  watchine  the  enemy's 
movements,  the  udrmishing  in 
Catalonia  could  have  but  little  in« 
fiuence  on  the  Ibrtunes  of  the  war 
in  the  other  parts  ai  Spain. 

The  duke  d'AngouMme  arrived 
at  Burgos  on  the  10th  of  May  f 
and  firott  thence,  the  whole  army 
began  its  march  upon  Madrid.  The 
generalissimo  vn^  himself  at  the 
head  of  the  centre  division.  They 
met  with  no  opponition.  Movillo 
gjave  way  befc»e  them  on  their 
right;  and,  on  their  left,  Balkis- 
teres  was  employed  in  watching 
the  movements  of  Molitor*  When 
th^  arrived  before  the  capital, 
terms  were  proposed  by  the  oonstt*  * 
tutionalists:  and  a  convention  was 
agreed  upon,  by  which  Zayas, ' 
with  those  troops  which  were 
umlw  hlf»  command,  Wftn  to  r^uMi 


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mi   ANN-UAL  R«OmTJ&«,:1823, 


«ke  vmotaaa  at  tbe:  Uem,  tSOi 
the  r  veach  wore  xoidy  to  enter* 
Abubal  had  been  able  to  muster 
floly  5,000  man  in  the  capital* 
who  were  willing  to  make  a  stand 
afpainat  the   invadera*    To  have 
given  the  en^ny  battle  in  siich  cii> 
etimstaneei,  would  have  been  ex« 
poaktt  hi»  troc^  to  destruction, 
^ad  the.capit8l  to  danger^  without 
a   ohanoe    of  gaining  any  .one 
advantage  by  Uie  sacxifioe*    He 
eoold  not  prevent  the  enemy  from 
entering  Madrid;  and  the  olject 
be  now  aimed  at  was,  the  safety  of 
tjie  inhabttantsi  who,  surrender- 
ing upon  termsy  would  be  secured 
aoainit  all  the  excesses  of  the  army 
of  the  Faith.    Bessiexes,  however, 
who  had  previously  combined  his 
Q^perations  with  those  <^  the  left 
lue  of  the  French  army,  advanc- 
ed to  the  nei^bottrhood  of  the 
capital;  and  on  the  SOth,  at  the 
hcHid  of  a  column  of  more  than  a 
thousand   infantiy    and    cavalry, 
presented  himself  unexpectedly  at 
the  gate  of  Alcala.    He  then  de- 
tacheda  party  of  ten  lancers  to 
reconnoitre,  who  penetrated  as  far 
as  the  Custoin4iouse,  and   were 
joined  by  a  few  inhabitants.    This 
event  obliged  Zayas  to  order  a 
company  to  advance,  which,  after 
firing  on  the  aggressois,  compelled 
them  piecipita^y  to  retreat  as  far 
as  the  Cibdes,  whi»*e  Bessieres  was 
itationed.     This  general  himself 
immfdiately  came  forward  to  q^eat 
to  the  oommandtn:.of  the  compaqy, 
who  observed  u>  him  that  be  must 
retreat,  and  that  he  could  not  ke^ 
the  podtion  he  occupied  without 
vidating  one  of  the  articles  of  the 
capitulation  concluded  with    the 
cbM'oftheFrencharmy.    "Itisto 
the  Jatter  done,"  said  Zayas, "  that 
the  plftoe  shall  be  given  up;  be- 
mdes»iaooDrding  to  t£uB  laws  of  war, , 
tl^  c^^^  ^^H^d  b9  8cru]^u-i 


hmfy  etoem^  If  the  Fjmnh 
general  were  informed  of  what 
passes,  he  would  be  grieved,  hem 
cause  he  had  testified  Ske  warmest 
desire  to  presence  public  tranquil- 
lity, and  has  (^eied  me  his  own 
aoldifirs  to  attain  that  object." 

In  spite  of  these  reasons^  Bes* 
sieres  answered,  that,  accustomed  to 
conquer,  he  was  resolved  to  enter 
Madrid,  thous^  he  should  do  so4n^ 
mainfiwoe.  %ayas»  then  rephe^ 
't  Plaee  yourself  at  the  head  of 
your cohnan^-^i^!.  Ifyouooib, 
quer,  you  shall  enter  Madrid,  but. 
not  otherwise." 

Zayas  immediately  gave  orders 
for  the  constitutional  tjcoops  to  at«. 
tack  the  column  of  Bessieres^  which 
kept  up  a  warm  fire  ftpm  the  gate 
of  Alcala.  The  garrison  drove 
back  the  enemy's  troops;  but  be^ 
tween  the  two  FenUu  thc^  latter, 
made  a  stand,  and  a  A^ieral  action 
ensued.  However,  the  artillery  of 
Zayas  soon  thiew  disorder  into  the 
ranks  of  Bessierea:  a  squadron  of. 
cavalry  then  charged  them  and 
conq>Ieteddieroute*  In  this  action 
the  royalists  lost  about  80  men 
killed,  a  ^reat  number  wounded, 
and  700  prisoners.  In  consequence 
c^  this  uniortnnfttR  eveivt,  the 
Frei^  geaesalt  Obert,  pushed  for- 
ward his  vanrgiuird,  a^  entered  on 
the  morning  oi  the  23rd,  a,  day 
sooner  than  was  otherwise  intend- 
ed. The  conduct  of  the  French 
upon  this  ooaasion  deserves  some 
praise.  They  denied  to  the  royal.- . 
ists  all  right  of  retaliation  on  the 
constitutionalists  who  had  made 
resistance  to  the  army  of  the  Faith. . 
The  regency  acted  otherwise. 
They  afterwards  erazed  from  the 
list  of  the  Spanish  army  the  names 
of  the  regiments  who  had  fought 
under  Zayas. 

Such  were  the  events  of  the 
Spanish  cam|»aign.up  to  thq  day. 


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HIBTOmr  OF  EUROPE. 


n« 


atm  dake  d'AiiffcxillnMr 
nurflliadi  into  the  cqsiti^  The 
eppotttiaii  nade  to  him  in  his  pro* 

EM  tluimgh  lihe  eoQBtry  had  been 
hit:  ey«cj  £strict,  thiongh 
wtich  he  ponied,  wai  oompktolj  at 
liif  diqpottl;  and  perhaps  the 
aimuicB  of  stout  iwnance  was  a 
pnnoipil  oousB  of  the  moderadon 
whldi  he  and  Us  officers  exhibited* 
The  guvemment  of  the  subdued 
townsy  widflii  hiy  between  the 
fimtiera  and  the  capital^  had  been 
moScxmJj  entrusted  to  Spaniards  j 
asid^  in  Uke  wawwr  when  he 
aciived  in  Madrid,  eontmuinff  in 
Ae  same  cooxse^  he  convoked  on 
tlto  29rd  of  May,  the  supceme 
councils  of  Castile  and  of  the 
Infiesiy  and  requested  them  to  a^ 
point  a  resen^ ;  e  form  of  gorem* 
wtmit  wmc^  was  thou^  to  be 
tlie  best  adapted  to  the  state  c^  the 
eoiiiitiy.  These  conndls  bemgas» 
aemUed  by  their  respectiy^  presL* 
dents,  die  duke  of  Infantado  and 
tliediikeof  Montemar,  decided  on 
the  same  da^  by  a  majority  of 
votea«-that  the  ooundls  oi  Castile 
and  the  Indies,  according  to  the 
laws  of  Spain,  and  the  practice  and 
enstom  obserred  in  the  kingdom, 
never  had  possettied,  and  did  not 
possess,  the  power  of  proposing  or 
iq[)pointing  to  the  offices  m  regents 
of  the  kli^^dom,  and  that  themoie 
they  were  not  competent  lawfully 
to  propose  or  nombiate  the  mem» 
hers  of  a  regency,  as  desired  1^  his 
foyal  highness ;  but,  beinff  solici- 
tons  to  mbrd  him  a  proof  of  the 
iiist  estimation  m  which  they  held 
Ins  resolutions^  and  taking  into 
eonsiderBtion,  on  the  one  huid  the 
state  (rf  captivity  in  which  the  king 
was  kept,  as  also  the  critical  cir- 
cumstances of  the  nation — and,  on 
the  other,  the  beneficent  wish 
manifested  by  hk  royal  highness, 
to  ensore  sucoeis  in  a  matter  of 
Voi,.  LXV. 


sdcb  ifllportanoe  to  the 
th^  had  agreed,  dist,  if  hia  royal 
Ui^mess  shoiilddeemitproper,thy 
would  transmit  for  his  appnoval  the 
list  of  pemoRs  whom  tbay  ^haoAt 
the  best  fitted  to  be  invested  mSA 
the  offiee  of  regatta  ad  taiertBir 
Thispropoaal  was  aeceded  to  bf 
the  duke  d'AngouUaie,  who  re» 
qvdred,  howerar,  that  the  Hat  -jpm^ 
sented  to  him  should  consist  of 
precisely  the  same  number  of  indi* 
▼Uuals  as  were  to  oompese  the  in* 
tended  regency .  On^fbUowing 
day,  the  oounotls  transeritted  the 
list  oi  individuals  whom  theiy 
judsed  best  eualified  to  be  regenta 
of  me  Idnffdom  >«4hey  were  the 
duke  of  Infantado,  the  duke  of 
Montemar,  the  baron  d'EroIes,  the 
bi^p  of  Osraa,  and  Don  Antonio 
Gomea  Calderon.  These  indivi* 
duals  were,  in  a  proelamation 
issued  by  the  dnka  d'Angooldmei, 
by  him  as  ngents  of 
the  fingdom,  and  assnmed  the  es« 


aneboly 


supreme  ai 
Spain  was  now  in  a 


Vident  aniraositiespre- 
vailed,  between  the  hoUheaded  ad» 
herents  of  the  army  of  the  Faith  od 
the  one  hand,  and  the  most&ctious 
of  the  oonstitutionalistsonihe  other. 
Both  of  tbeise  cksses  bore  keener 
hatred  to  each  other  than  to  the 
foreigners  who  had  overrun  their 
country.  Tl^e  inflnenoe  of  the 
duke  d'Angoul^me  was  tibus 
strengthened  and  inoreaied.  There 
was  no  union  among  the  Spaniards. 
them8elvea--*no  great  display  of 
national  feeling.  Divided  m  poli- 
tical sentiment  and  inveterately  at* 
tadied,  each  to  his  own  qiinkns, 
they  lookM  to  the  French  for  aai^ 
sistance  and  protection  against  the 
violence  of  their  feUow-citiiena. 
These  dissensions  were  daily  weak, 
ening  the  cause  of  the  oonstittt* 
tiomuists ;  white  their  enemy  had 


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194]     ANNUAL   RBGI8TER,   1823. 


nodipg  to  fear  and  eyery  tliiiig  to 
hapefhcm  their  cxiateiice.  Trea- 
chery, too,  began  to  diiqplay  itself; 
and  Abisbal  was  the  first  to  set  an 
example,  whioh  was  not  the  less 
di^B^racefiil,  because  it  found,  many 
inutatars.  In  an  answer,  which  he 
wrote  to  a  letter  of  the  oonde  de 
Montejo,he  pointedout  the  weakest 
parts  of.  the  constitutional  system, 
and  declared  the  constitution  of 
1812  to  be  at  variance  mth  the 
wisbesof  the  majority  of  the  nation ; 
he  prc^posedthatsuch  changes  should 
be  made  in  the  Spanish  constitu- 
tion as  would  satisy  the  French, 
and  that  the  king  should  retiun  to 
Madrid ;  he  thought  a  new  Cortes 
should  be,  called,  a  new  ministry 
formed,  and  an  act  of  indemnity 
passed  These  opinions  were  com- 
municated secretly  to  one  of  the 
commanding  officers  of  the  army 
he  pretended  to  cippoae.  But  no 
sooner  had  Monte}o  published  the 
letter,  than  Abisbal  prof esied  him- 
self willing  to  adhere  to  his  duty 
and  his  oath,  and  to  shed  his  blood 
in  defence  of  the  constitution, 
which  he  had  just  before  condemn- 
ed as  being  a  form  of  ffoyemment 
that  had  been  forced  upon  the 
nation  against  its  wilL  The  oon- 
stitutionaliftts,  however,  would  no 
longer  trust  a  general  who  had 
once  deceived  them ;  and  Abisbal, 
to  shun  the  contempt;  and  indigna- 
tion of  his  countrymen,  chose  to 
seek  protectioa  among  the  ranks  of 
that  army  into  wh«ie  hands  he 
would  have  betrayed  them. 

While  the  French  were  thus 
proceeding  successfully  in  Spain, 
the  Cortes  continued  to  be  as  busy 
as  ever  in  using  the  most  pompous 
language  of  patriotism,  and  as 
n^^gent  in  the  active  employ- 
ment of  the  means  necessary  for 
the  salvatioa  of  the  country.  The 
deputias  having  anived  at  Seville 


m  suffici^t  numbers  fat  tnoiSMt- 
ing  business, '  the  session  was  re- 
sumed on  the  £3rd  of  April  The 
re-commenoement  of  their,  sittiogi 
was  celebrated  by  the  presideat, 
FloresCalderon,in  a  speech  which 
euh^ized  in  the  most  ridicukiu 
bombast  their  own  heroic  virtues^: 
and  those  of  the  nation.  .On  the 
same  day,  Garcia  Bacros  minister 
of  the  Interior,  and  Vallesob 
minister  of  grace  and  justice,  re- 
signed their  i^ypointmeats ;  and 
tl^ir  resignation  was  followed  by 
some  official  arran^ments  which 
terminated  in  n^^niing  firsts  Cala- 
trava,  and  then  Garcia  Herresos, 
minister  of  the  Interior,  and  Z<v- 
raouin  minister  of  war. 
.  The  Cortes  ^proved  of  a  pio- 
damation,  of  war  against  Franoe, 
which  had  been  sisned  by  die 
king  on  the  23rd  of  April;  ppe- 
pared  manifestoes;  discussed  plans; 
denounced  punishments  against 
traitors ;  and  voted  decrees  fbr.coa- 
ductinff  the  Campaign  successfully* 
But  when,  in  spite  of  the.vote^ 
they  saw  the  French  in  tranquil 
possession  of  Madrid,  and  threaten- 
ing Seville,  diey  bcjgan  to  make 
arrangements  for  withdrawing  to 
Cadis.  As  it  was  known  that  the 
king  was  most  averse  to  such  a 
step,  and  as  his  obstinacy  might  in^ 
volve  the  government  in  consi- 
derable difficulties  sir  William 
A'Court  took  the  opportunity  rf 
recommending  to  the  Cortes  to 
negociate  with  their  adversaries 
For  this  purpose,  he,  on  the  8th 
of  June,  offered  them  his  medisr 
tion,  proposing  to  ^  in  person,  to 
Madnd,  and  promising  to  do  i^ 
in  his  power  to  bring  back  favour- 
able conditions.  The  Cortes  »• 
.plied,  that  they  stood  in  no  need  of 
any  foreign  interference;  at  the 
same  time  they  enuressed  their 
gratitude  for  his  goofl  inlentioBS. 


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HISTORY  OF  EUROPE. 


{195 


^  On  the  9th,  there  was  a  grand 
BiCting  of  the  council  of  state,  in 
which  the  prince  of  Anglona  de» 
dared,  that  they  ought  to  nego^ 
ckte  with  the  duke  aAneouldme. 
This  advice  being  rejected  by  the 
council  and  the  Cortes,  the  prince 
gave  in  his  rea^nation.  On  the 
10th«  there  was  a  very  stormy  sit- 
tii^  of  the  Cortes.  On  the  11th, 
die  king  was  waited  upon,  and  was 
requested  definitively  to  state,  whe- 
ther he  was  willing  to  set  out  for 
CadijL  ffii  nu^esty  reined,  that, 
•o  far.  as  regarded  himself,  he  had 
no  objections  to  go,  but  as  he  con- 
ndered  his  traiuference  to  Cadix 
M  being  contrary  to  the  interests 
of  his  peoi^,  he  would  not  yield 
to  tiie  demands  of  the  Cortes  but 
by  Ibree.  After  this,  on  the  night 
cC  the  11th,  there  was  another 
atting  of  the  Cortes,  in  which,  on 
tiie  motion  of  M.  Galliano,  it  was 
decreed,  that  the  king  was  in  a 
Jtelf  ef  mental  insanity,  and  that 
being  Ui'us  incapable  of  conducting 
wt  government,  the  Cortes  or* 
derad  him  to  be  carried  to  Cadiji, 
and  appointed  a  regency  in  his 
stead,  composed  of  Valdez,  Ciscar, 
and  Vigodet.  The  minister  of 
England  then  sent  a  note  to  the 
government,  in  which  he  stated, 
ihat,  as  he  was  accredited  to  the 
king,  and  not  to  a  regency,  he 
^oM  not  follow  the  kin^  to  Cadis 
without  further  instructions.  The 
C^ortes,  to  remove  the  scruples  of 
mt  W.  A'Court,  rardered  his  letter 
to  be  answered  by  a  dedaration, 
that  his  majesty  would  be  under 
restraint  only  on  his  journey,  and 
that  he  would  resume  his  functions 
in  Cadiz.  Sir  William  rej^ed, 
that  he  could  not  go;  for  that  he 
did  not  see  his  objection  removed 
by  the  proposed  arrangement.  He 
therefote  remained  at  Seville  for 
new  instructions ;  as  did  likewise 


die  minister  of  the  Unked  Statcis 
of  America,  the  ambassa^  of  thfe 
Netherlands,  and  the  ambassador 
of  Sweden.  ' 

At  eight  in  the  morning  ci  the 
12th,  dra  Gabriel  CiscaSr,  one  of 
the  members  of  the  r^ency,  wafit* 
ed  on  Ferdinand,  explained  to 
him  what  had  been  done  up  to  that 
time,  and  pointed  out  the  necessity 
of  his  proceeding  on  that  day  to 
the  iste  of  Cadis.  The  king  re- 
plied, that  he  was  ready  to  under- 
take the  journey. 

While  the  preparations  for  the 
removal  were  in  progress,  messages 
were  repeatedly  interchanged  be- 
tween the  regency  and  the  Cortes ; 
and  general  Espinosa  was  appoint- 
ed to  command  the  escort.  At  one 
o'clock,  the  troops  of  the  line,  and 
the  Madrid  and  Seville  miH^ 
were  under  arms  and  ready  to 
march;  the  baggage  was  sh^gped 
on  board  of  vesseS  in  the  liVer, 
and  every  thing  was  arranged  fbr 
a  prompt  departure.  But  at  fbur 
o'clock,  rumours  were  spread,  that 
his  majesty,  notwithstandii^  he 
had  in  Uie  morning  stated  to  Ciscar 
that  he  was  ready  to  undertake 
the  journey,  now  refused  to  move. 
This  report  excited  great  discon* 
tent,  and  a  general  a&rm  previdl* 
ed.  At  five  o'clock,  the  troops 
drew  up  in  a  line  extending  from 
the  Alcasar  to  the  extremity  of 
the  city.  General  Espinosa  passed 
frequently  akmg  the  Hne,  and 
every  preparation  appeared  to  be 
complete,  but'  still  the  agitation 
continued.  At  last,  about  six 
o'clock,  the  household  coaches  be- 
gan to  be  pot  in  motion ;  and  in 
about  half  an  hour  aAer,  the  king 
and  the  royal  fkmily  entered  tiieir 
carriages,  and,  followed  l^  their 
suite,  drove  off  towards  Utrera. 

The  oidy  member  of  the  diplo- 
matic body  who  accompanied  them, 

CO  23 


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1^    ANNUAL  BB0I8TSR,  1823. 


iMt  00  flkst]g6  ffafimt  of  Ssiumyj 
trhom  aorcceign  was  uncle  to  tha 
gne^  of  Sp«m.  Thej  pasted  the 
night  of  the  12th  at  Utxera;  that 
«f  the  13(h  at  Lebriga;  that  of 
the  14th  at  the  Puerto  de  Santa 
Jlana;  and  on  the  15th  the^ 
jnade  thttr  entry  into  Cadis. 

On  the  IStix,  the  deputies  em^ 
hacked  on  board  a  steam-boat,  and 
4tfri?ed  in  Cadis  on  the  14th. 
Jmmediately  before  the  king's  enr 
ivy  into  that  city^  the  three  regents 
made  a  formal  oommunieatiQn  to 
the  minister  Calatrava,  that  they 
Md  rssi^ined  the  executive  power 
mth  which  they  had  been  intrust^ 
e4  daring  the  journey  of  the  royal 
family.  On  the  same  day,  a  pre- 
liminary meeting  oi  the  Gnrtes 
)vas  held,  at  wh^  only  89  depu* 
ties  were  present  At  their  next 
si|ttin|^  110  members  attended; 
^hat  nun4>er  was  afterirards  aug* 
mented  to  118.  One  of  the  first 
ads  of  the  goremment  was  to  an- 
noonee  to  Sie  British  ambassador 
the  king's  restoratitm  to  his  royal 
functions.  Sir  Wm.  A'Court,  how- 
ever, did  not  repair  to  Cadis ;  he 
took  up  his  abode  in  Gibraltar. 
The  Cartes  oantinued  their  sittings 
to  the  6th  of  August,  when  theu: 
ordinary  session  terminated. 

The  news  of  the  removal  of 
the  king  from  Seville,  exdted 
Strongly  the  wrath  of  the  Madiid 
regency;  and  that  body  issued  a 
decree  denouneing  confiscation  and 
death  against  the  nranbers  of  the 
CoKtes,  and  all  others  who  had 
been  accessary  to  it. 

In  the  mean  time,  the  French 
troops  began  to  act  with  more  vi- 
«mr  than  they  had  hitherto  done* 
Generals  Bourmont  and  Bourde- 
-  soult  at  the  head  of  two  divisions, 
consisting  each  of  seven  thousand 
men,  were  ordered  to  advance 
Hgon  Seville  dud  Cadiz ;  and  Mo? 


litor,  instead  of  co-opeiatiB^  wi& 
Monoey  in  Catalonia,  was  dueded 
to  march  down  upon  Volencia, 
and  thence  upon  Murcia  and  Gn^ 
nada.  As  the  Irft  column  under 
Bouidesoult  approadied  Mansa* 
naresy  colonel  Abad,  the  guerilla 
ehief,  fell  back  into  the  pass  sf 
De8pens|>erros,  where  the  main 
body  of  his  army  had  ez^renchsd 
itsdf.  Hie  duke  de  Dino  suo- 
ceeded,  on  the  7th  of  June,  is 
surprisbg  the  Spanish  rear?gi]ard( 
drove  on  the  9th  the  constitutioiisl 
chief,  Placentia,  from  a  stroof 
position  which  he  had  taken  at 
Despenaperxos;  andenteredC(»do» 
va  cm  the  18th.  This  town  the 
French  found  already  in  the  hands 
of  the  royalists.  A  counter  ravir 
lution  had  been  effected,  and  the 
constitutionalists  had  left  the  town 
at  the  disposal  of  their  advetaaiifi^ 
and  und^  the  influence  of  seotir 
ments  hostile  to  their  own. 

Bourmont,  in  the  meantiiiie, 
who  with  his  division  had  a^ 
vanced  by  the  way  of  Estrenu^ 
dura,  readied  Truxillo  on  the  11th. 
The  divisions  of  the  Frendli,  hav* 
ing  united  there,  continued  to 
press  on  towards  Seville,  until 
they  were  infiDrmed,  on  their 
march,  by  a  courier  of  the  Eng- 
lish minister,  that  Ferdinand  hd 
been  transferred  from  Sevilfe  to 
Cadis,  and  that  a  pzuvisioiial 
i»gency,  invested  with  die  execor 
tive  authority,  had  been  appointid. 
Bourdesoult  then,  tuminff  off  frcm 
the  direct  road  to  Sevifiet,  wheie 
his  presence  was  not  necessary, 
as  that  town  had  declared  againsT 
the  constitutionalists  the  moment 
that  the  Cortes  had  quitted  it, 
pressed  on  to  Cadiz.  In  conser 
quence  of  this  movement,  L<^P? 
Banosy  who  wished  to  supply  hiff 
army  with  clothing  and  equip- 
i^nt,  was  enabled  to  march  en  to 


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HISTORY  OF  BUROPE. 


[1«7 


Bi^Hk.  At  dsy-brak,  on  tlie 
ttlh,  he  piMflDted  bimielf  bifim 
t^  <itf  9  in  the  dmctbn  of  Trtana: 
dte  injMaiMs  wlm  hod  been  joixied 
bf  tlie  canibineeni  and  ratrdi, 
eMaed  their  fire  fiom  t&  left 
m  1km  OuadalquiYir  and  the 
boiMM  of  the  Tnano,  protecting 
die  bead  of  the  bridfte  with  two 
pieooe  of  attUler^.  Lopei  Banos 
Ibrmed  a  column  sufficiently  strong 
tooveittwetike  enemy^andforce  him 
to  abandon  the  bridc^,  which  was 
iBMiediat^  pawed  If  the  oonstl- 
ttnlMial  troops,  together  with  ^ 
ettvalrjr  and  artllleiy.  The  enemy 
Aen  retreated  in  the  utmost  di»> 
o(der>  flnd  it  was  supposed  that  he 
woqM  make  no  farther  resistance; 
bot,  on  the  contrary,  the  city  gates 
were  immediately  closed,  and  they, 
as  weQ  as  the  houses  and  streets, 
wttB  defended.  Two  of  the  prin* 
c^pat  gates  were  battered  by  artil- 
My ;  end,  at  lensth,  the  royalists 
were  ^lodsed  and  pursued.  Lopefl 
Biaos  hamg  levied  his  oontri- 
bolioni^  and  made  some  prisoners, 
retreated  by  a  circuitous  route,  and 
RSdwd  CadLs  with  2,500  troops. 

While  the  great  body  of  the 
French  army  was  advancing 
against  Cadix,  general  Bourek  was 
employed  in  suppressing  the  con« 
scituthmalists  throughout  the  Ath 
turias.  Campilb  and  P^area  had 
there  orored  a  lealous  resistance 
to  thie  French.  The  former  of 
Qieee  oAoers  crossed  the  Oeba, 
And  made  an  effiirt  to  itiise  the 
^ege  of  Santona.  A  division  of 
the  French  army,  however,  under 
the  commandof  Huber,  camedown, 
dmmgh  Reynosa,  upon  his  rear, 
and  forced  him  to  retreat.  Again 
he  advanced,  and  a^ain  he  fafled. 
Generd  Bourck,  in  nte  meantime, 
entered  Oviedo,  and  afterwaras 
ftOewed  the  retreating  Spaniards 
actoss  GaHcie  towards  Coiunite. 


At  ^  time,  the  Spanish  cause 
received  another  fatal  mow  by  the 
defection  of  Morillo.  On  the 
f0th  of  June,  he  pnldished  a  pM^ 
damation  declaring  l^e  members 
of  the  Cortes  to  be  traitors.  The 
only  pretext  which  he  oflered  fbr 
this  sudden  change  in  his  sent^ 
ments  and  conduct,  was  a  wish  to 
preserve  Oalkia  in  a  state  of  netf 
trality.  At  first,  he  disavowed  the 
regency  installed  at  Seville,  and 
appointed  a  junta  fbr  the  district 
which  he  commanded;  prcrfeasing 
his  determination,  at  the  sAne 
time  not  to  yield  to  the  ibreign 
invaders.  For  this  conduct  he  was 
severely  reprobated  by  Quirogay 
who  denounced  him  as  a  traitor^ 
unworthy  of  the  confidence  of 
an  army,  and  assumed  the  com* 
mand  in  Galida.  Morillo  recri* 
minated  but  unsuooessfiilly*  He 
had  a  conference  with  genaral 
Bourck  at  Luso,  on  the  10th  of 
July,  and  finally  threw  hhaneelf 
into  the  arms  of  the  French, 
tarrying  With  him  about  three 
^lousai^  men. 

The  loss  of  Morillo  was  but  iH 
compensated  by  the  acquisition  of 
sir  Robert  Wflson;  who,  withaf^w 
other  Englishmen,  set  out  to  Jon 
the  constitutional  forces  in  defenee 
of  the  liberties  of  the  pemnsula. 
He  made  an  expedition  to  Oporto* 
with  the  hope  of  securing  the  co- 
operation of  the  Portuguese  *  but 
the  counter-revolution  had  takrti 
place  in  that  kingdom,  and  the 
hst  spark  of  what  i&t  Robert 
deemed  true  freedom  was  Just  ex* 
piling  as  he  arrived  in  Portugal.' 
He  returned  to  Spain,  and  lost  no 
time  in  manhellin^  troops  to  de» 
fiend  Conmna.  Quiroga  gave  him 
his  advice  and  assisomce;  and 
both  of  them  seemed  ardentfn  the 
cause  fn  which  they  had  embarked. 
1%ey  vrete  attacked  on  ifae  mora* 


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1»]     ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1823. 


kut  of  tile  15th  of  July,  by  gene- 
nd  Booidc,  who,  af^  a  warm  oon- 
teai^  £arced  the  Spaniards  to  seek 
raft^  within  the  walls  of  the 
town.  Sir  Robert  Wilson  and  his 
iriead  o^onel  Light  were  hotk 
wounded.  But  although  sir  Ro- 
bert had  bled  for  SpaniSi  freedom, 
he  was  by  no  means  partial  to 
Fiench  captivity;  and  this,  he 
iened,  would  be  the  result  ti  his 
lemaining  in  Corunna.  Acootd- 
in^y>  ^liroga  and  himself  sud- 
dralydis^ipeared.  They  had  sailed 
in  a  steam-packet  for  Vigo.  There 
Uie  Boyish  general  remained  to 
resist  Morillo,  who  was  advancing 
agaiiist  it  at  the  head  ci  an  army 
composed  of  French  and  Spanish 
mAdtesB.  Quiroga  suled  for  Eng- 
land ;  and  in  the  meantime^  No- 
vella assumed  the  command  cf  the 
gamsqn  in  Corunna. 

Bouick,  during  the  first  week 
of  August,  prosecuted  his  advances 
against  that  phioe  with  vigour, 
and  met  with  a  very  stout  resist- 
ance. On  the  6th  and  7th  cf 
August,  the  city  sustained  a  heavy 
caimonade,  which  did  considerable 
mischief.  The  wants,  both  of  the 
inhabitants  and  of  the  garrison, 
being  very  pressing,  generu  Novd- 
la,  on  the  10th  summoned  the  prin- 
c^^  officers  of  the  garrison  to  a 
oouttdly  in  which  the^uestion  of  fur* 
tharrfesistanoe  was  discussed.  The 
difimnt  opinions  were  drawn  up 
in  writing,  and  signed  1^  the 
officers.  Some  wished  to  hold  out 
hngeTi  in  the  expectation,  that  the 
troops  operating  externally  might 
Migd  Uie  enemy  to  raise  the 
sii^;  and  because,  at  all  events, 
Uie  keeping  the  Frendi  occupied 
in  that  quarter,  might  prove  use- 
fill  to  tne  constitutional  cause. 
1^  minority,  however,  thoof^t 
^Mil  no  advantage  could  be  gaiusd 
hf  eontbuiiog  the  49f«iio«*    At 


last,  the  oommrthdaht  of  die  Gra- 
nada corps  proposed,  that  the 
overture  ci  an  armistioe  should  be 
made  to  Uie  besieging  general,  on 
the  pround  diat  reports  had  been 
received  of  negotiations  bdng  com* 
menced  between  thp  oonstitutiottal 
government  at  Cadis  and  the  duke 
c£  Angoul^me.  This  propositiim 
being  unanimously  apptoved,  a  ccr* 
reqpmidenoe  was  immediatdy  open- 
ed with  genaral  Bourck,  whii& 
led  to  the  calling  of  another  couih 
cil  on  the  following  day.  AAor 
communicating  Uie  oorrespcmdieDse 
to  this  council,  genefal  NoveUa 
formally  submitted  dte  fbttowiiig 
question,  vi« : — "  Is  it  proper  to 
negodate  on  honourable  b«Ms,or 
to  continue  the  defence  of  the 
^ace  ?"  T waity-six  officers  voted 
for  n^otiation,  and  only  foHr^ 
namely,  the  sub-inspector  geneisl 
of  engineers,  the  chief  of  the  staff, 
the  commandant  of  the  engineer!, 
and  the  first  constituti<nial  alcalde 
—voted  for  continuing  the  defaooe. 
Von  Hallen,  the  chief  of  the 
staff,  in  his  vote,  which  he  reduced 
to  writing,  stated,  that  the  resooieei 
of  the  place  were  suffictent  f<r 
continuing  the  defence,  and  that 
he  consi&red  a  surrender,  under 
the  existing  circumstances,  to  be 
hi^ly  di£onourable.  In  the 
course  of  the  negotiation,  Bourck 
dexterously  availM  himadf  of  the 
submianon  of  Ballasteroe,  which 
had  taken  place  by  this  time,  and 
which  he  represented  to  Novell* 
as  an  example  to  be  followed.  1^ 
convention  between  Bourck  and 
Novella  was  signed  on  the  13th  rf 
August.  It  provided*  that  t^ 
enture*garris0n  of  Conmna  sbotud 
pass  under  the  command  of 
MoriUo,  captain-general  and  cooh 
mander-in-chief  of  the  Spaoiih 
army  in  Galicia,  upon  the  ssitf 
ooqattions  m  wei«  ipw^d  lo  ^ 


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HISTORY  OF  EUIIOPE. 


im 


go- 


£(Ug0  Detween  the  Fvondi 
Spmnii  meamnis  ;-'^^tmt  the 
fonor  or  Conmna  would 
diirtely  soDd  two  Spanish  oflken, 
•BWHi^miicd  bf  twoFl«iidi  offioen, 
ia  Monllo  to  make  known  the  sab^ 
anflnOD,  and  to  reeeive  hk  oiden ; 
-Httd  that  Jifofillo  flhodd  atqmlate 
with  eount  Boorck  fiir  the  interests 
o^tiie  eovps  and  the  individiiak^ 
lihooan^osed  the  garrison  andpcv 
pokliottc^  Coninna. 
•  Mama,  who  4>ad  mada  a  braye 
at  the  bai^  of  San  Payor, 
[^at  he  oouM  no  longer  suc- 
«nst  Morilfe,  retired 
Ae  interior  with  the  des^n 
cf  caeitnag  a  rey«dutionary  spirit 
am^  &  peaaaatrf;  and  sir 
Babevt  Wilson  entered  immediato- 
}f  into  a  correspondence  wiA 
Moritto  rebthro  to  an  amustioe, 
mwhicfa  he  made  certain  pro- 
piwitksaB  and  used  certain  expres- 
■DDB^  tint  xtquired  some  ingenuity 
SB  the  part  of  his  friends  to  ex- 
fluB  in  any  ratknnd  sense.  From 
this  time  the  aealous  patriot  ceased 
ta  SBtcrfcae  in  Spainsh  afiairs,  and 
SBoa  after  arrived  in  England. 
lUsraa  was  defeated  in  the  object 
'<f  hia  march  into  the  interior. 
The  peasantry  of  Gaiicia  were 
sot  to  be  esated;  and,  in  his 
■nidi  to  Castile,  he  was  intercept- 
ed by  geosral'  Margneyre,  who 
cnapdkd  hhn  to  surrender,  and 
■nt  him  with  his  detadmient  of 
1010  moi  as  prisoners  of  war 
Mo  Fraaoe^  Commna  was  en- 
twed  ^m  the  Slst  by  Morillo,  and 
OaHda  was  thus  finally  conquered. 
The  fortune  of  the  Spanish  con- 
sicotiMialiM  had  likewise  suffered 
mi  rsyerses  in  the  South-Eastern 
Vtarler  of  die  kingdom,  Ballasteros, 
■aiiue  nnsucoesMfully  attempted 
ta  marc  himself  master  of  Valencia^ 
lid  bsfore  the  advancing  anxy 
tf  itfnBtttiL  ■w^OTtrrialrd  tn  Murcia 


Mfditor  entered  ValenGia  on  the 
Wth  of  June.  He  next  eUt  hia 
way  by  the  bridge  of  Akixa  aver 
the  Zucar>  and  soon  Biker  drove 
Ballasteros  from  Murdku  His 
next  step  was,  to  maieh  down  up- 
on Granada.  On  his  way  thither, 
arriving  at  Guadix  on  the  24di 
cf  Jnly  with  the  advanced  guard, 
MolitcHr  learned  that  the  enem3r'8 
anny  had  taken  a  position  to  await 
him.  Genmal  Zayas,  who  com- 
manded a  separate  corpse  was  at 
Crranada ;  Ballasteros  aad  Balan^ 
aar,  with  the  mmn  body  and  best 
troops  of  the  army,  had  advanced, 
as  secretly  as  possible,  item  tiK 
environs  ii  Graimda  and  Jaen,  to 
Giiadalhuertona,  upon  the  r^|^. 
of  the  road  &om  Gua£x  to  Gnm»- 
da,  hoping  that  the  French,  in 
ignorance  of  their  movementy  wttdd 
be  compromised  in  advanoiag  im- 
pmdendy  upon  the  latter  town. 
Mditor,  however,  iimnediately 
made  arrangements  to  attack  thran 
on  the  following  di^.  On  the 
S5th  he  marched,  with  one  divi^ 
sion,  fimn  Gaudix  upon  Mooe- 
da;  crdaring  another  division  to 
advance  upon  Guekgo  ftom  Gor, 
and  a  tiiird  to  march  upon  Almais. 
The  Spaniards  who  depended  upon 
th^  cavflJry,  hastened*  to  send 
1,S00  (^  those  troops  in  advanee  to 
Guadalhuertona,  where  there  were 
only  400  men  to  oppose  them. 
General  Bonnemains>  who  had  d» 
cmnmand  of  this  advanced  guaidi 
did  not  hesitate,  howevmr,  to  begin 
ihe  attadc  The  •  Spanish  aqua* 
drons  stationed  in  advaaee  of  the 
town,  and  those  wfaidi  occupied  it, 
woe  €as9t  routed,  and  then  three 
regular  charges  were  made  upon 
l,O0Oeavalry;  who,afkerofieriBgan 
obstinate  reaistanoe,  were  thrown 
into  disorder,  and  pursued  two 
leagoes  beyond  Guadalhuertoaar 
After  Om  mw,  BalkHcm 


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dOQ]     ANNUAL  RBOISTBltt  1823. 


hnviiig  siill  aeady  iiiOOO  w^ml, 
iMeatod  upon  Htielma»  imd  made. 
8ft  ewd  nuurehat  imd  couflter^ 
nitrcbes.  Tbe  Fr^ich  followed 
all  hismoy^ooeiUs;  and  haringleftm^ 
ed  thatmi  the  STtli  he  liad  fiwd  hia 
poaitioii  in  tha  staop  moUataiiui  of. 
CMipillo  de  ArQtia%  th^  rasolvad 
to  aUaak  him  Uiore.  Bgkigufiabla. 
to  obtain  subBiateiica  from  an)r 
phM)e  but  Granada^  whidi  waa 
oooupied  by  Zayaa^  Molitor,  on  the 
37thy  wnt  General  Ordonneau  up* 
onthatt^iwn  with  five  baitalioni 
and  a  regiment  of  cavalry.  Ge» 
naral  Zayas  raHeated  at  his 
apinoaoh,  but  a§ceed  to  leave  a 
battalioji  therei  to  maint^n  trao*  • 
quiUity  till  the  arrival  of  the 
enemy*  When  the  French  troopft 
affeiMfedi  thia  battalion  haataned 
to  Join  them. 

Oti  the  28thj  Molitor  aMembled 
his  troc^  at  Montele^pcar  at  an 
eariy  hour  in  the  monung,  haviiig 
made  all  his  dispositions  tor  the 
attack  on  the  peeeding  day.  He 
posted  the  division  df  GonetuL 
Lovefdo  en  the  rkjhty  in  order  to  take 
possession  of  the  heights  whidi 
cowDlanded  Campillo^  and  putting 
hpaself  at  th»  head  of  the  6th 
division^  which  was  followed  by 
the  tsoom  of  General  Domon,  pro« 
ceeded  by  ^^  l«ft  to  take  the 
enemy  ^  roverB.  The  march  of  the 
coluams  waa  effected  so  simuUane* 
oualy^  that  they  anived  and  bwin 
the  attack  at  the  samo  time.  The 
iilfaatry  of  BallasteTos  downing  dil 
the  heicht«y  his  reserve  tsoopa 
advwoed  noiiUjr  to  tttm  the  risht 
wing  <yf  General  Loverdo;  but 
that  officaf,  with  a  battalion  <^ 
riflemen^  suppoitedby  tbeftgkaeala 
of  the  line#  m  dose  coluranj  quiekly 
nqpulsed  them  wiUi  a  considerable 
IqsSf  and  made  himself  master  of 
the  position  of  Lao-Albuncles. 
A^mmm  time,  OenMl  Bene* 


the  mmmtaina 
Campilb.  Upon  the  k&i  whs» 
General  Molilar  wia^  Uw  aMajf. 
sought  to  dafistid  the  MMdMa  la! 
GampiUoi  bm  GeBand  8i«  Cka^ 
mans»a»  Iheheadof  twufgimsrtlarf 
ChaaseOrsi  feraad  his  My  iJM^  Aa 
town.  Theenediy.drifenoiitfikw 
CanmiUOf  fled  in  tJwdiawtie*  tf 
Gam  talc  but  being  oUigad  la  pais 
under  the  fire  of  the  dinsidnof 
Genc^  LoverdOf  they  wave  «ii- 
strained  to  tbmwthaaMMlveatQitfaidi 
the  Mt,  whcM  GeoeMil  Pelkn 
porij  after  hAVing  caniad  the  I 
position  of  EUSastiUa,  < 
them  fresh  loaa. 

Ballasteios  had  still  n  ecBsi- 
darable  force  i  but  thia  tvaa  loft 
last  exertioit  in  the  cause  of  tha 
Spatiierdai  He  ent«ed  iAto  a 
negotiation  with  the  Ftenehi  and 
having  eoneluded  a  oimvwttlaB 
with  Siem  on  the4th  of  Aognsli 
became  more  subsarviMit  to  tha 
wishes  of  tha  invaders^  thsQiilhar 
Afaisbal  or  MoriUo,  whoae  dfai* 
honourable  enaamla  he  dMae  t» 
foUow.  Heboug^tistthapeioaaf 
his  fidelityi  the  eantSituaiioe  of  latik 
and  hice  in  the  araty  to  himetf  and 
hie  inferior  offioeMi  He  ioU  hk  filMM 
raeter J  and  laoeiif^  in  fetora  hmm 
the  adharaiUof  the  duke  d'Ai^on* 
Umecaatemmenta  and  lagidar  pay* 

Before  it  was  known  ia  Cadw 
that  BaUaataios  had  proved  ua* 
faithf ul»  a  phm  had  bean  IbMed 
for  middoff  a  vigoMms  efibrt  ih  be* 
half  of  &e  oonstitution  in  th» 
quarter  which  had  been  intriiiiai 
tohiHk  Fear  this  porpoee>  Ridio» 
on  the  17th  of  Augusti  Mt  Cmm> 
Aniving  at  Mak^  wheve  Zayaa 
was  with  S,000  men*  heoidssed 
Zayas  to  Ca^,  aad  himself  took 
the  ocdnnatid  of  the  army  in  Gra* 
nada^  in  Ike  agCenkeof  aAndilii 
rfkaiiag*  oat  of 


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BIBTORY  OF  EUROFB. 


[901 


mm   ^Knff  ■BUI  ▼lOHMB    Wm 

nd  ■wiifitiJ  te  U^ei  of 
«rtbe  Midrilutts.  WUIe 
obUMini  Iiib  Hwtiith  ti 
»  thiw  liyuisiiit  (?  th^ 
i  ^tuKfi  iiuuei  tlw  iiuiuiuUmL 
qf  ildlnMWitmifcjLovcwto^ttnd  JttBii 
Om«^  tothrtthoed  to  mmnuid  bkn^ 
lb  afvU  tiris  In  ^Med  Makga 
oa  tiMilidl  gf  iep««Btori  ind  Imy' 
nffiHl  flntte  dMslon  of  BQitito> 

OnilT  ly  the  f»iy  trf  Alaeri%  hm 

_    ikkdiieBlioiltotfaeSmrtfai 

came  into  the  Tidnitf  of  tlitf 

r«f  BalkMnw  M  Akttlala  Rtal. 

BiUMl«i«ri^    on     hk 

I  hwng  iBfofniod  of  the  novea 

^idsi  to  &ffwbii07  and  LuoedB} 
Ind  tat  a  few  troops  at  hu 
at  Pki^o>  whoh  HMgo 
i^ppiand  ^hre  on  the  10th  of  Sci» 
Ho^  howoter^  adnuKted  to 
ihla^  vsAivAai^  with  hk 
orderod  the  firing 
toMgta,  irtdehkmodtui  iSAi^^ 
cMOf  Hid  nsvoial  addWrt  of  Rh||o/ 
IIm  tvoo|»of  the  ktteri  hoWenor^ 
Off  fviuiiittig  the  ftrOy 
'  up  thefar  oapi  in  the  air^ 
IjdBMAthewihliers  of  Otaend 
who  thta  thooghl 
tlte  latter  wkhod  to  unittf 
A  coiA»eiiatipii  took 
HIego  alidB«Ua»i 
b|  andtkeyretiiadtothdmiarB 
t«a  of  the  kMer,  whara  Ri^ 
eodaafoiaed  to  tpemiadd  hina  to 
laaiUt  tfoopo  agi&iit  the  French, 
oibrfag  to  ii»?a  imder  Him  as  a 
sia^de  iiidMU»>eaili)K  Hisi^reposal 
heiAg  ttrjeeted,  he  aHtiled  himself  of 
a  fracaatkm,  wkiflh  hd  had  tohen^  of 
f  sono  of  hii  01^  troopi  to 
'  BalkMiniif  dnarters^  and 
rthatOcnend  p^Mmeri  akmg 
wi^  all  h&l  stiff.  He  tiien  tried^ 
baewMiootsuiaBiSi  to  Muca  hH 
U  Urn  aiiBi  tfaaa«  tba 


hiigiiai  staitoned  at  OMUm^  aad 
LUdena^  haring  learhed  what  trab 
panbg  at  Prf^^  And  the  fktu  of 
thdf  general,  marahed  to  his  dot^ 
liyertmoe.  Ri^  having  thus  td» 
tally  ftdtod  in  his  enter^iso^  attl 
fednag  to  he  otMat^n  hj  ihk 
troops  that  Oenend  MoUtor  had  . 
Bint  in  lailBuit  of  1bui>  hastily  re« 
titoatod  npon  Akindeto  and  Martoi. 
Notoneoffiser,  not  a  sing^  soUiir 
of  Oenirai  Bdkstavds,  felkMiret 
RiiffO  ;  on  the  conttary,  a  inunbBr 
of  hiB  inen^  among  them  two  elMiflB 
s^ilodfous^  Joined  the  array  of  Aak 
General  on  the  iltfa. 

While  these  enmts  wetfa  tiUng 
nhwe,  Lieiilenantigettend  Foissae 
LatOur,  who  was  at  Coidofa»  ro^ 
looted  his  troops  and  adtanoad^to 
Andojar ;  ana  LteutJ^eneral  V»* 
lift  arrnrod  at  Edja  wMi  Ids  ditU 
sunii  On  the  other  liandi  Bonnes 
nudnB  chNttly  fidloWed  Riego,  and 
at  length  otoiftook  him  on  iha 
l8tiiatJain«  iUego>  who  ooeuj^id 
^ut  town  with  ihoat  51)000  men, 
and  was  levying  eontfibiittotiB,  an^ 
doavchifod  to  deflmd  himself  diefa, 
hot  in  a  i^  initontB  tile  towk 
was  in  tho  Imnds  of  the  FtmiL 
The  SpMihtfds  itOlied  onthaheighti 
heMnd  Jaen,  hot  Were  fytM.  smv 
eessitely  ttbm  one  position  aftttr 
Another^  till  they  Were  dfiren  Im 
yond  Matieha  Rml< 

On  quilting  Mahcha  R«b1» 
iliegotoidcthe£t)etionof  lodar; 
intending,  prohably,  to  tty  whetfaei* 
he  could  be  mota  fttttunato  wMi 
the  part  of  tiie  anny  of  OeaeM 
BiUastotts  eantoned  about  Uhedi, 
or  to  attim^  at  least  to  reatdi  tte 
^^rra  Morena^or  the  mountains  of 
Saeta  1  but  to  pretext  this,  FoiaMD 
Latour  had  already,  on  Uie  iMl, 
lent  Gohaiel  d' Argout  with  S  sqili- 
dtthis  of  chasseurs,  and  th^ee  ooflU 
paftios  4t  infantry  of  th^  Boyal 
OiMdi  towaffd  Bcijiair^  to  ooliAkiile 


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902]    ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1823. 


cm  ^e  14di  his  movement  on 
Mbr  ;  and,  hy  a  forced  mardi,  he 
liad  repaired  himsdf^  with  some 
Aaigooug^  and  five  companies  of  the 
mooad  regim^it  of  the  Guard,  to 
BtieaBL,  in  order  to  died^  the  enemy, 
«i  case  he  should  have  passed  lo- 
ibc»  before  d' Argout's  arrival. 

The  village  of  .  lodar,  hy  its 
.positioii,  appeared  to  be  necessarily 
a  dedsive  point  for  him  who  should 
&DBt  occupy  it  Colonel  d'Argout, 
tluerefare,  leaving  his  in&ntry  be- 
Uad,  made  all  ^leed  to  reach  it : 
Imt  when  he  arrived  on  the  14lh 
at  noon,  Riego  had  gotten  to  it  an 
hour  bdSnre,  with  aU>ut  1,500  foot 
and  500  horse.  D'Ai]^t  took 
advantage  of  the  surprise  winch 
•his  sudden  smpearance  caused,  and, 
•without  sumning  himself  to  be 
•delayed  by  the  fire  of  the  posts, 
Wttdo  his  regiment  proceed  along 
.one  of  the  exterior  sides  of  the 
village,  to  the  other  OLtremity, 
whe^  the  enemjr's  infantry  had 
.formed  two  squares,  between  the 
•loads  of  Quetskda  aikl  Cabra.  One 
of  tiese  squares  was  charged  and 
broken  bythe  first  dquadron;  which, 
•Uf^ported  by  the  second,  advanced 
immediately  upon  the  cavalry,  and 
^mt  them  to  flight.  During  this 
time,  the  other  square  had  succeeds 
-ed  in  tuning  the  mountains  against 
which  lodar  in  a  manner  leans; 
dnd  there  the  men  who  composed 
it,  dinersedin  all  directions.  Ri^ 
'himacif  escaped,  and  found  refusem 
the  mooniains,  where  he  contmux 
fid  vrandering  the  remainder  of  the 
day,  aooompanied  hy  about  twenty 
followers  on  horseback,  fifteen  o£ 
whom  wiere  superior  officers.  Ex^ 
iwmstedwi&fotijgoe  and  hunger, 
be  met  the  hermit  of  La  Torre  de 
Pedrogil,  and  an  inhabitant  of 
-Vilches,  named  Lopez  Lara.  He 
took  them  aside  and  said-— ^'  My 
ffknbf  you  have  now  an  opptvtu^ 


nity  of  making  your  own  and  fih 
milies'  fortunes ;  you  have  only  to 
ocmduct  me,  unobserved,  to  Caro- 
lina, Carbonenis,  and  NavM  de 
Tolosa,  where  I  have  good  fioends, 
who  wiU  procure  me  a  guide  to 
Estremadura,  whidier  I  am  desr- 
ous  of  proceeding."  Thehenrnt 
and  his  companion  refined  lus 
oflto;  but  R^go  caused  lhem<  to 
be  sei^  and  mounted  npon  two 
mules,  dediuing  to  them  at  die 
same  time,  that,  whether  willing  <v 
not,  they  diould  serve  aa  goides  Is 
the  troop. 

.  At  night-foU  they  prooeeM 
onward.  Riego  i^ioke  to  hiB  ooik 
panions,  of  his  journey  foem  Bla- 
drid  into  Andalusia,  of  the  fdaees 
where  he  found  aequaititimces,  to ; 
and  from  this  unguarded  eonver* 
sation,  the  guides  conduded  dist 
hewas^Ri)^.  At  day-bteak,  t^f 
foundthenrndLvesnearafiEUin.  R^^o 
said,  that  they  would  demand  aa 
asylum  there  ;  on  wliidi  Laia 
knod^ed  at  the  docnr,  and  it  so  hap 
pened,  that  one  of  his  own  farotheo» 
named  Mateo,  came  and  openedit 
Riego,  fearing  that  too  nmaer- 
ous  an  escort  would  betray  ImSi 
would  permit  only  three  of  in 
£[dlowers  to  enter  with  him* 
One  of  these  ¥ras  an  En^isfanua^ 
who,  impressed  vrit^ .  mistms^ 
hasfcQy  dosed  the  door,  fodced 
it,  and  retained  the  key.  They 
fed  their  horses,  and  repoeed  theoH 
sdves  in  the  staUe  with  ^bm 
drawn  swords  by  their  sides.  Riego 
on  awaking,  peremptorily  said  to 
Lc^ex  Lara,  that  he  muat  get  his 
horse  shod.  'Wdl,'  replied  tfas 
latter,  *  I  will  go  and  get  it  done 
at  Ai^uillas.'  Riego  inaiated  that 
Mateo  should  undertake  the  ocoh 
mission,  not  by  leading  the  hocsB 
to  Arguillas,  but  by  fetdiing  a 
fotri^.  Lopes  had  only  dneto 
whiipcr  to  btt,bEOth»M(»Thu«n 


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HISTORY  or  EUHOPE* 


[203 


JsBfi^ga:  giveinfimftfeion  totke 


of  dmit  intelligence, 
Mateo  fSkve  informatioa  to  tlie 
autliinitief ;  and  he  promifled  so  to 
muami,  thnt  Ri^o  should  be  at 
hreddnsty  nHien  an  armed  foree 
dmild  stnround  the  house. 
-  Bi^  in  fact  sat  down  to  break- 
£ut  immediately  on  learning  ham 
Maleo  that  the  furrier  was  ooraing 
finthwitfi:  but  the  Englkhman, 
cpoitatttly  impressed  with  his  fean, 
iad  not  quit  the  window,  from 
whidi  wiUi  a  telescope  he  kept  a 
kxik-oat  all  round.  Suddenly  he 
exdaaied,  ^*  Conmiandant,  we  ace 
km  !^-^ere  are  armed  persons  ad- 
fttBong."  ''Arm !"  cried  Riego^but 
tfaatinatant  Lopea  and  Mateo  scdaed 
the  caifaines,  and  cocked  and  level- 
led them  at  the  fugitives,  saying, 
**  The  first,  who  moves,  is  a  dead 
mmr  They  had  ahready  grasped 
tiieir  swofds,  but  the  resdution  of 
fii^  all  at  once  forsook  him. 
He  albwed  Lopea  to  tie  his  hands 
hehiad  his  back.  He  even  said  to 
hiafr-— '^  Have  the  gtx)dness  to  t^ 
te  men  who  are  comings  not  to 
Imrt  us,  since  we  are  your  jnison- 
ers."  In  a  few  moments,  the  AU 
eirie  entend,  Ibilowed  by  an  armed 
^  fcioe,  and  oonduoted  the  prisoners 
toCarolina. 

Amid  all  these  disasters,  Mina 
continued  fiuthful.  Having  left 
his  gaUant  coadjutor  Milans,  to 
cover  Barcelona,  he  withdrew  with 
the  other  division  c£  his  army  into 
Upper  Catahmia,  where  by  rajM 
and  ddlful  movements  he  at  once 
harasied  and  eluded  the  enemy. 
D'Erales,  inho  was  pursuing  him 
up  the  Ter,  towards  Campredon 
and  the  Frendi  firontier,  urged 
Moncey  to  direct  all  his  force 
against  Mina.  Moncey  did  so; 
Imt  was  unaUe  to  gain  any  impor- 
tnt  ftdvaaloyt    Mina  was  at 


Berga,  in*a  stattion  whieh  qiened  to 
him  the  road  to  Barcelona.  Doft- 
nadieu  rtraig^itway  proceeded  toin« 
teroept  him,  but  was  met  at  Caa* 
telteraal  by  adetadunent,  who  had 
sallied  out  of  Barcdana  under  the 
command  of  Rotten.  The  Ftench 
general  was  e^qiosed  to  a  long  and 
heavy  fire,  and  at  last  was  deroated 
in  tbe  object  he  had  princ^ially  in 
view.  Mina  was  mr  out  ci  his 
readi  and  at  Cellent ;  and  while 
lihey  imagined  he  was  in  the  neigh*- 
bowrhoodof  Cardona,he  had  crossed 
the  Pyrenees  at  Cfuapredon,  and 
was  traversing  the  bordm  of 
France.  D'Eroks  and  St.  Priest 
used  every  effort  to  preclude  the 
possibility  of  Mina^s  retreating 
upon  Urgd ;  but  he  cut  acrass  the 
Pyrenees,  and  soon  after  we  find 
hui  in  Banselona.  The  combined 
forces  of  Curial,  Donnadieu,  aad 
D'Eroles  now  prepared  to  coMipiete 
the  overthrow  of  Barcelona;  and 
ill  health,  produced  by  the  fat^e 
whidi  he  had  undergone  dwmg 
his  campaign  amonff  tl£  mountains, 
prevented  Mina  nom  takim  an 
active  part  in  the  defence  of  tiie 
town.  The  French  had  not  cal» 
ciliated  wdl  on  the  diances  of 
failure.  There  were  ftefuetnt  sal- 
lies made  on  ^um  from  Barf^dbna, 
and  their  rear  was  perpetually  kept 
on  the  alert  in  repemng  the  aa« 
vances  of  Milans.  The  Spaniards 
diifkd  their  scenes  of  aetion  so 
often  and  so  qijtickly,  ihatJifoacey 
was  obliged  to  divide  his  army,  and 
after  all  found  it  diffictilt  to  atatkm 
them  at  the  points,  where  their  as** 
sistance  would  most  probably  be 
neeessaiy.  Thus,  when  he  had 
driven  the  enemy  from  Ignaladaaiid 
believed  that  t^ey  had  reti«ated 
to  Cervera,  he  ascertained  that  they 
had  forced  the  passage  of  the 
I^bregat  and  were  in  his  rear« 
Moooeyi  at  kagibi  despairing  oC 


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iOI]    ANNUAL  HEGISTBR,  1828. 


IdSag  Bshsdona  iti  the  pfttott 
giMilmstaiioM,  Mt  tiount  Cuxial 
with  i  large  detathmtot  bifora  tlM 
walk  of  that  dtf,  and  preised 
do#ii  tipon  Ta^tagotia.  Here  fa# 
fraa  equally  unfortunate*  Before 
he  had  otatipleted  the  inTestment 
ti  the  plaoe^  a  nllj  vmA  made 
from  it|  on  the  division  that  he 
hid  Matioiied  at  Torre  Lambarm 
ttoddr  General  Berger.  Monoey 
Mttinediately  ordered  dl  the  French 
diviBMini  to  be  ooncentntedi  andto 
be  carried  forward  against  Tarm* 
goaa  in  one  great  mass.  His  Orders 
Were  esecatol  on  the  dOth,  and  m 
wahai  was  the  rec^tion  which 
Ihey  «a«l  with  imta  the  town,  that 
th^  w«c  ultimately  compelled  to 
fallback  to  their  ^irtm^  portions* 
Tahragona  remained  unriumn;  and 
As  Monoey  had  found  it  neeessarf 
fomerly  to  collect  his  scatter^ 
fortes  that  he  might  strengthdA 
ihe  bloekade  of  Baredona^  so  no# 
he  thought  it  pTudeht  to  withdraw 
his  aitey  ftom  Barodona  to  rehv* 
force  tfie  troops  that  were  to  watch 
the  eneiagr  within  the  walls  of  Taiy 
lagotUi.  In  that  neighbourhood 
all  imtiortant  adTantage  was  gained 
by  Muiani  over  the  French  afmy^ 
consisting  of  10»000  men,  and  com** 
manded  by  Menoey  in  persmi^ 
The  eikigagement  took  {dace  on  ^he 
SBth  d'  August  at  ArtafoUa,  some 
kagues  N.  £.  of  TarragDoa*  It 
was  maintained  with  extraordinary 
ebs^naftfyon  both  sides>  and  was 
lenninaied  by  a  decisive  bayonet 
attlMk  a^g  the  whola  line  on  the 

Ct  ^f  Hhe  Spanish  infoatry,  who 
ke  th^t  enemy  and  drove  them 
aff  the  field  I  the  cavalry  of  Mikma 
fusmling  them  fm*  several  miki 
and  in  vamus  directions*  Mikni 
aade  the  French  Ums  amount  td 
near  1|70^  of  whom  170  vfUB 
prisouerrt'  'his  own,  to  somethifi^ 
I  Ibaa  600. 


In  themean  time,  tlie  ftbOpA 
efibrts  of  the  French  ware  dineiei 
agahait  Cadix.  Br  the  nridffie  of 
July,  they  had  colieotedBiuftiitfil 
foroe  to  establish  a  hxise  blodcadgn 
The  bedf^pasred  deerees;  thabe* 
sixers  strengthened  themltolvai  lA 
their  posto }  and  for  more  fStMk  a 
month  the  uniformitv  of  dieir 
tnnftactions  wm  varied  only  by  A 
very  wdl  supported  MfiA  nUA 
the  Spaniards  madl^  on  di»  iMl  of 
July,  wkh  mudi  galkntryi  iad  a 
fair  d^^ree  of  success* 

On  the  S8th  of  July,  die  Duke 
of  Angouldme  quitted  Madrid^  hi 
order  to  pnlceed  to  Cadi^ . 

In  the  course  of  hia  imoMf 
thither,  he  wrested  fitim  ihehattAl 
of  the  royalists  the  powers  wHh 
whidi  he  had  entrusted  them,  and 
which  they  had  kmg  ahuaed*  M 
issued  a  decree  at  Andu|as%  which 
prohilttted  any  arrest  by  SpaniiA 
authorities,  without  the  sanetkm  of 
Uie  Frendi  officer  vommanding  vk 
the  district.  All  puUk  Journali^ 
and  those  who  conducted  diflm> 
were  put  under  the  superintend* 
cAce  of  French  officei'a.  ThMd 
arbitrary  arrangements  were  gala* 
lAg  to  theSpsAiih  r^vyaHsts,  and 
Served  to  cherish  the  hatred  whftdi 
had  previously  eodsted  to  a  cerlsiil 
deme  between  the  two  partiei.   • 

His  royal  hi^mess  srrived  at 
Pbrt  St  Mmy  on  the  lOth  of  Au- 
gust, wh^fe  he  found  an  army  of 
80»000  men  waiting  for  his  oom* 
mandsk  On  the  following  day,  hrt 
Aispatdied  colonel  Ldkitte,  one  of 
his  a]de»d&4»mp,  with  a  ^^>^^^ 
truoe  anda  ddroatdi  to Gadbi  Th^ 
delqmfedi  was  addressed  immedl«te* 
ly  to  the  king.  The  oolonel  wai 
«kM  that  hecouM  not  be  admitteflto 
see  the  king,  or  to  tnnsact  any  bitfi* 
ness  6t  carry  on  any  communicatioft 
with  him,  except  through  the  uMI 
Mediuai  of  Uaxef^^ons&eadv^M 


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HISTORY  OP  EUROPE. 


[«06 


^nmtod  in  Uf  cvigiim  purpoae^  sad 
noaUd  to  exaeute  bis  fint  iaakyuo 
tkmi^  fequfltfted  to  see  the  governor 
q£  Cadis.  The  gcnremor  was  VaUes, 
wliOy  becides  having  the  cetnmand 
of  CMiM,  was  likewise  chief  <^  the 
permasmit  comiaisaioii  of  the 
Cortes,  appointed  on  the  prorogi^ 
Ikm  of  that  body.  It  was  of  course 
in  his  fornmr  eapacitj  that  an  inteiw 
new  was  solicited  with  him  by  the 
aoent  of  the  duke  of  Angoukme. 
Vaides  leeelyod  the  duke's  aide«de» 
samp  with  much  oiyility,  and 
ofievsd,  if  the  lelter  of  his  soyal 
highneai  wove  kitrusled  to  him*  to 
sscme  its  delivery  to  his  majesty, 
STfttany  xatotoaequaiau^his  miyesty, 
wish  its  contents*  On  this  oondi^ 
lion  the  duke's  aid»-de-eamp  left 
the  letter,  which  was  as  follows  >-> 
Sir,  my  brother  and  cousiAr«* 
^ip&ui  is  deliyered  &om  the  revo- 
hitknasy  yoke.  A  few  fortified 
towns  only  now  serve  as  an  asylum 
to  iimdicated  persons.  The  king, 
mj  unde  ana  lord,  had  thought 
(snd  events  have  in  no  wise  changed 
Uaofinion),  that  your  nu^esty,  re* 
stoned  to  liberty,  and  uang  cl^ 
-mmicy,  wonld  think  it  advisi&e  to 
grantan  amnesty,  necessary  ator 
so  many  troubles,  and  to  give  to 
your  poEqple,  by  the  omivocation  of 
the  ancient  Cortes  of  die  kii^dom, 
gnarantees  for  the  re-estaUisbnent 
4xf  ofder>  justice^  and  good  adminis- 
•tralion*  All  that  France  could 
perform,  as  well  as  her  allieib  tuid 
the  whole  of  £u0^[«,  in  order  to 
consolidate  this  act  ^  your  wisdcHn, 
I  do  not  hesitate  mysdf  to  become 
s  guarantee,  shall  be  done.  I 
tfaou^t  it  my  duty  to  remind  your 
migesty,  and  throu^  you,  all  Uiose 
who  may  still  prevent  the  evils 
which  threaten  th^xi,  of  the  feel- 
ings of  the  kii^  my  unde  and 
lord*    K  in  live  days  hence,  I 


•haU  not  have  reosi?el  any  i 
factory  answer,  and  if  at  Uiat  pa* 
nod  your  majesty  ahall  still  be 
deprived  ci  your  liberty,  I  shall 
recur  to  force  in  order  to  restore  it 
to  you.  Those  who  shall  listen 
to  their  passions  in  preference  to 
the  interests  of  their  country,  will 
alone  be  answerable  for  the  blood 
that  may  be  spUled.  I  am,  with 
the  most  profound  respect,  your 
very  a&ctionate  brother*  eonsin, 
and  servant, 

(Kgned)      I^HJia  Amtow9* 
From  my  Head^iuartffs  at  Port  H, 
Mary's  tbU  ITtb  of  Avifpitit,  1833. 

The  king  in  Us  answer  stats4> 
that  he  was  not  deprived  ef  any 
other  liberty,  than  that  of  whieh 
the  operatkms  of  the  French  amy 
stripped  him ;  that  he  could  w^ 
submit  to  the  proposals  of  his 
royal  highness;  but  that  he  would 
gladly  terminate  the  war  throei^ 
ihe  mediaticm  of  Great  Britain, 

It  was  now  necessary  to  j^^ose* 
cute  the  siege  vigorously :  and  fbr 
this  purpose  the  Trocadoo  was  the 
first  point  to  be  attacked^  The 
Troecuiero  stands  nearly  ofpowle 
to  Cadis,  on  (me  side  of  a  narrow 
strait  which  runs  op  to  the  htsh 
hour,  and  consequently  it  eoov* 
mands  all  the  approaches  to  the 
dty  by  sea.  The  S^^ianiards  had 
been  assiduous  in  putting  this  pen- 
insular situation  in  a  state  of  de* 
fence.  Theyhadmadeacutacieas 
theisthmus,200foetbrQadand4foat 
deep ;  by  which  the  oommunioatiao 
widi  the  main  land  wasin^erruptad. 
It  was  garrisoned  by  about  5i,000 
men,  a»d  flanked  by  gun-boats. 
The  French,  having  bnm^t  their 
trenches  near  to  the  canal,  made 
an  assault  on  the  30th  of  Aiwus^ 
but  were  r^ulsed.  In  the  £url^ 
ness  of  the  following  night  thsQr 
a^ain  moved  forward;  and  the  Spa- 
niards, too  secure  from  their  Ia|e 


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206]      ANNUAL  REGISTEB,  1823. 


raeoess,  allowed  thcan  to  pa»  tiie 
ttendies^and  form  in  front  of  ihe 
canals  b^ore  they  knew  of  tbeir 
approach,  or  offered  renstanoe. 
Dmeient  aoooimts  were  giyen 
of  the  drcumslancee  which  led  to 
this  dkagt^;  but  the  following 
was  Uie  most  generally  received: 
A  guard,  consisting,  of  a  lieu- 
tenant  and  about  forty  men,  had 
been  appmnted  to  keep  watch  in 
that  put  of  the  fortress  which 
was  most  aooessiUe  from  the  canaL 
The  men,  who  had  been  harassed 
witii  comtant  labour  for  several 
days,  and  had  not  had  the  proper 
rendfs,  became  completely  exhaust- 
ed, aad,  it  was  bdieved,  fell  asleep. 
About  two  in  the  morning,  it  beti^ 
0seeedinglydark,theFrenchcross^ 
tiie  canu,  having  their  allies,  the 
Spanish  Ultras,  in  their  front. 
The  mise,  in  some  degree  inse* 
parable  from  the  movement  of  so 
large  a  body  of  men,  just  served 
to  arouse  a  little  the  attention  of 
the  aleepy  garrison  ;  but  their 
alarm  subsided  wlien  ^ey  heard- 
themsdves  carelessly  addressed  in 
1^  Spanish  tongue  with  the  phrase 
of  Dont  disturb  yourselves  ;  we 
are  all  friends."  So  re-assured, 
lliey  laid  themselves  down,  and  it 
was  not  till  after  some  time  that 
they  saw  a  body  of  men  in  the 
garrison  far  outnumbering  them- 
selves. They  now  took  the  alarm ; 
the  bude  sounded  to  arms;  and 
ipresimuy  a  body  of  them  fired: 
but  being  addressed  in  Spanish  by 
tiieSr  exponents,  who  asked  ^em 
in  affected  astonishment  how  they 
could  fire  on  their  comrades,  they 
became  embarrassed:  and  in  an 
instant,  the  confusion  was  ren* 
deied  incurable  by  the  arrival  of 
a  large  body  of  French  troops, 
liius  in  the  eonf\]sion,  resistance 
was  impossible,  and  the  French, 
with  scarcely  any  loss,  tM)okposses« 


skm  of  the  Hwtnsss.  Some  of  die 
Spaniards  retreated  to  the  mill  of 
Guerra  and  entrenched  themsdves 
there;  but  the  French  attacked 
and  took  that  fort  on  the  following 
raarmng.  The  invaders  lost  no 
time  in  erecting  new  batteries  on 
the  Trocad^fo  and  directing  thdr 
^«  to  the  appotite  sbate.  It  is 
not  easy  to  see  what  th^  aimed  at 
in  this  part  of  their  conduct.  If 
they  merdy  wished  to  do  miaQfaief 
in  the  nei^bourhood  of  Cadix  and 
thus  intiimdate  the  enemy  into  an 
aequiescense  with  their  proposals, 
they  succeeded  only  to  a  very  limit* 
edextent;  for  the  Cortes  were  stBI 
loud  m  their  abuse  of  the  measmes 
of  the  French  govermnent  and 
their  praises  of  constitotional  xndet> 
pendenoe.  Besides,  no  injury  was 
done  within  two  miles  of  Cadiz, 
und  to  reduce  that  place,  tJiey  ulti- 
mately had  recourse  to  maontime 
bombardment.  Hitherto  their  ope- 
rations had  been  retaided  for  the 
want  of  naval  co-qperation ;  Imt 
admiral  Hamelin,  on  account  ci 
illness  real  or  pretended,  withdrew 
mr  was  removed  frcm  the  command 
of  the  fleet;  and  rear-«dfiiiral  dii 
P&TO  was  entrusted  wi  A  the  di- 
rection of  the  fleet  and  flotilla. 

The  occupation  of  the  Trocadero 
so  much  dismayed  the  Spanisid^ 
that  Ferdinand,  with  the  approbe- 
tion  of  his  ministers,  or  rather  his 
ministers  in  his  name,  opened  a  corw 
respondence  on  the  4th  of  Sep- 
tember with  the  duke  of  Angoi- 
l^me.  General  Alava  was  thfe 
bearer  of  the  letters  of  Ferdinand; 
and  the  duke  de  Quiche  of  those 
of  his  royal  highness.  The  duke 
of  Ansouldme  having  stated,  that 
he  could  treat  with  the  king  only 
when  free,  Ferdinand  proposed  an 
'interview  either  on  board  a  neutial 
vessel  or  at  some  spot  equally  <Us* 
taut  from  both  armies.    Alava,  on 


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HISTORY  OP  EUROPE 


pK)7 


Aa  aOi  of  September,  mfimned  the 
king  end  hk  miniglen,  thet  the 
French  geoecalunmo  would  >  not 
accede  to  the  soggestiim,  and  de- 
Uverad  a  memotandmn  *  containing 
the  tennsy  oa  which  alone  the  in- 
vaden  weie  willing  to  treat. 

The  eahanasBments  of  Uie  con^ 
rtitationalists  incieaaed  every  day. 
To  the  want  of  fiwan^]  reaouices, 
wiiidi  were  in  vain  endeavoured 
to  he  applied  ly  fmroed  loana,  were 
9d3ed  appiehenckms  of  militaiy 
mutiny.  Several  companies  of  the 
n^nent  d  9an  Mardal,  whkh 
hm  till  then  been  distisgiudied  for 
HberaHioij  ezhi^ated  such  unequi- 
voealjymptams  of  seditami,  that  it 
became  neeeeiary  to  have  recourse 
to  severe  pnnishnients.  The  ccm- 
voeatioQ  of  the.  extraordinary 
Cortea,  which  took  ^ace  on  the  6th 
of  September,  was  hurtful  radier 
than  beneficial:  fcnr  the  time  was 


wasted  in   vain   dhenssiong,  and' 
not  one  energetic  measure 


•  The  Mowing  is  a  copy  of  the  me- 
"MniMhDm  Above  aUuded  to : 

"  I  can  treat  of  nothing  until  the  king 
i«  free.  Let  the  king  aud  royal  femily 
repair  either  to  Chiclana  or  Port  St. 
Mary'e,  u  hi«  majesty  chooses.  I  will 
mt  tbe  whole  of  my  influence  with  his 
n^esty,  in  order  that  he  may  promise 
and  grants  of  his  own  free  will,  such  in- 
stitutions as  he  shall  judge  to  be  suitable 
to  tfie  happiness,  wants,  and  tranquillity 
of  Us  people ;  and  hi  order  that  he  may 
•Bomnice  that  he  fofgets  the  past.  All 
Uiose  who  wish  to  leave  Spain  may  with- 
draw  wherever  they  think  proper ;  and 
m  consequence  thereof,  orders  shall  be 
ipven  to  the  admiral.  A  French  division 
ahall  eater  Gadii  for  the  purpose  of 
JBttintauiiiig  ofder  there,  preventing 
re-actions  and  protecting  every  one." 

The  last  paragraph  was  modified  in 
the  following  manner :— "  The  French 
tfoope  shall  occupy  La  Isla  de  Leon,  as 
«r  and  indading  tbe  Cortaduia  and 
«>rt  Pimtalea.  The  ground  between 
these  two  points  and  the  town  shall  be 
neutral.  The  armistice  with  the  town 
shall  be  for  two  months.  The  coin- 
Bwrcial  relations  shall  be  re-establish- 
fd." 


*he  naval. prepan^imis  of  the 
besiegers  being  aniipleted,  andDu 
Perre  having  replaoed  Haai^» 
an  attack  was  made  on  Santi  Petri. 
Hiis  fort  made  at  first  a  sbaw  of 
stout  resistance;  but  at  sight  of 
the  boats  which  the  French  iwnind 
had  sent  off  to  effect  a  landing,  the* 
white  dag  was  hoisted ;  and,  on  the 
20th  of  September,  a  capitubtioa 
was  concluded.  The  bombardment 
of  Cadiz  was  begun  at  eij^ht  o'dbd: 
on  the  nuHning  of  the  2i8rd»  and 
oontbued  till  half  past  ten,  when 
by  a  shifting  of  the  wind,  tlud  boats' 
were  forced  tochange  theirnositionw 
The  French  next  attemptea  to  land 
on  the  isle  of  Leon,  at  its^oHthenr 
point.  The  Spaidaids  now  saw 
the  danger  of  their  situaiian,  and 
the  inmossibility  of  middng  any. 
sttccessnil  drfence.  Mutinies  and 
dissensions  b^;an  to  shake  thcdr. 
confidence  in  eadi  othei^  and  the 
Cortes  could  come  to  no  ^t^^f*^ 
line  of  conduct.  At  last  they,  de^ 
termined  by  a  majority  of  60  to  SO 
to  abandon  all  thou^ts  of  further 
resistance ;  and  it  was  asneed  that 
Ferdinand  diould  be  wowed  to 
join  the  duke  d'  Angoul^e  at 
Fort  St.  Mary's,  while  he,  on  his 
part,  premised  full  oblivion  and 
pardon  of  all  offenoescommitted  by, 
or  alleged  against,  the  constitu^. 
tionalists.  I^is  promise  was  re« 
duced  into  an  authentic  form  in  a 
ptnclamation  issued  by  the  king 
immediately  brfore  he  left  Uie.isle 
of  Lecm,  and  which,  he  voluntarily 
assured  his  minister^  e^qpcessed 
truly  his  real  sentiments. 

On  the  1  stof  October,  Ferdinand 
and  his  family  repaired  to  the  head 
quarters  of  the  duke  d'  Angoul£nie» 
where  his  first  acts  were  to  break 
all  the  promises  he  Juid  given^  and 


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aM|    ANNUAL   RBOISTBB.   1823. 


;«I1  hoi^or  Mifiity  «iid£M» 
don  eatalrtiiiied  bgr  tlw  wiquishfid 
constiiutianaligte.  He  issued  an 
osder  tfiaft  QmBs  •honld  bo  inatantly 
dilivtnd  up  to  the  Frendi ;  and  on 
timStiot  October>  thty  took  fo§* 
nation  ef  tbatcity. 

Whik  ^eaeeTOBts  were  going  on 
i^  Cadis,  tbasoeoeflMsoftheFrencli 
luid  enaUed  them  to  proiecute  die 
nege  oi  the  fortified  towns  with 
aoroTiymr  than  inthehy  nning  of 
tihceampaign*  Marsha]  LauiMtoo, 
wiHi  10,000  men,  piesied  fmnspe^ 
hma  so  doielft  tJiat  the  garrison, 
flifaandoning  all  hoiies  of  a  success* 
fill  dafcnea,  capitulated  on  the  17th 
of  fi^tember.  Santona  suxscn* 
dared  oo  the  26th  of  that  month, 
and8t.Sd)a8tianonthe27th.  Fer. 
aondes  who  had  been  governor  of 
Cardona  easxied  assistance  to 
Piguens;  but  having  met  with 
Bo  sineere  a>*operation  from  the 
gnnriion  within  the  town,  his 
struggle  faefove  its  walk  served 
anlv  as  a  pnxtf  of  his  own  valonr 

thasiefle.  Fipuera8,too,8uxTendered 
by  esfAtulation  to  the  Fninch.  lu 
eoDsequence  of  the  fall  of  these 
tetressQS,  not  less  tiian  1£,000 
fi^MUiiaids  were  carried  prisoners  of 
war  into  Fiance. 

Mina  oould  have  protracted  the 
contest  in  Catalonia ;  hot  to  have 
done  so  would  have  exhausted  still 
inrther  his  unhappy  country  with* 
out  any  chance  of  final  success. 
He  thowfore  consented  to  surren^ 
der  Borealotta  upon  certain  tenns ; 
that  city  was  occupied  by  the 
Firench  on  the  4th  of  Novonber; 
and  its  fiUl  was  followed,  as  of 
course,  by  die  submission  of  Tamu 
gona  and  Hostalrich.  The  prin- 
cipal conditien  ^dnoh  Mina  bar< 
Sed  for,  was,  that  the  militia 
lid  be  allowed  to  return  to  thehr 
without  being  eiqposed  to 


dm  malrtlatiim  of  tba  . 
Hovinc  Jtaken  4]are  of  thesttsty  of 
his  8ol£er%  he  saw  die  aeoesB^rof 
oonmiltingsflKt£9rhisown.  Tiia 
fidelity  and  seal  wbtbh  he  had  dik 
piMred  in  the  prosaootLon  of  the 
war,  hekBOw.mustnetemaiilyhaie 
incurred  the  hatred  of  a  monsidi, 
who  had  no  re|^  to  fdsnMrfio* 
misesand  no  iwlulgfraae  tomm 
those  whoonoe  opposed  his  willi 
and  ha  therefiite  prudent^snads 
En^bnd  his  home^  where  he  wm 
received  on  his  landing  witii  dn 
most  entfausiaMic  applanse^  hOns 
lost  mudi  by  his  fidelity^  but  Bs^ 
histeras  and  Mmallo  gained  aodnag 
by  their  treason.  Tho  one  rs» 
mained  unrewarded,  and  die  othst 
stx^^ped  of  his  honows  fled  to 
France,  to  cancoal  his  shsme  and 
Uve  in  obscuril^. 

Badajos  and  Carthagena  hddoitt 
till  the  end  of  the  war.  InOetate 
theysurrendered;  andonthelSthcf 
November  Ferdinand  reached  Ma- 
drid, and  the  campaign  was  coaN 
pleted.  The  duke  d'  Aneoul^me 
re-crossed  the  Bidassos  on  we  S^id 
of  the  same  month,  and  on  the  2nd 
of  December  made  his  triumphaaft 
entry  into  Paris.  He  lef^  behind 
him  the  greater  pert  of  his  armr  i 
and  ,by  a  convention  between  me 
two  governments,  the  prindpsl 
fortresses  and  cities  of  Spain  woio 
to  be  occupied  by  40/MX>  Frentdi 
troops,  lliis  military  occupation, 
ind^,  was  to  cease  at  the  end  el 
six  months:  but  there  was  eveiy 
probabili^,  that  the  term  would  be 
extended. 

The  presence  of  French  troops 
was,  in  some  recpects,  an  aUeviatiDn 
of  the  miseries  of  Spain ;  since  it 
imposed  a  cheek  on  the  iinyof  die 
fanatics,  who  were  now  in  full 
possessimi  of  power.  Don  Victor 
Saes,  who  had  hmg  been  confix 
sorof  the  king,  ac^  as  miniMr 


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idsroftv  0^  Ktjiiaiȣ:. 


lam 


itf  Mmd^iuMk  whtB  tint  itgtticf 

r  he  was  eontiiiued  in  Mfl 
I  fflaoid  at  tte  EMd^f  tkil 
noniatry.  The  meaiiirei^  vMek 
wiietaiapica,  weM  wcU  Mdted  to 
lihiidioMift.  0» Hie IMM  darf ,  thf 
toa4f.0i6tbber>  Ftfcfittond  iflsned  a 
a,-  pntead*  bjr  a  iMg  mvadii 
_  i  the  cotniifmluiail  4jw^ 
^^ttidaoilchiding  ivMitfie  twe 

'^i.  AIldieact»oCtlMi0av«nN 
■rilfJiiid  ceag^totional  (<iif<viiaib« 
••^rUad' a&d^deatelijitoi^tfa^r  MBj^ 
lia),«.^BMttB  wUch'Ofiprened  lay 
paa^Ham^erTliiog  MuMh^lMOi 
cnta^liie  lat  rf  Oe(i»ber>  189»,  av^ 
diwfairt  M&  aad  voSa,  ^eclaring^ 
» I  DOW  dadait^  thbt  chii^  the 
iritele  of'  Otet  pttiiod  I  ha^e  b^eii 
i&fdy^dirtif  Wkt^yM^gBii  to 
aaneiiM  kwaandaulliMiiireoideiV; 
dewaei^  and  regulations,-  which 
ll#  aaid  geveRunent  fi«ined  and 
eMeuted^  against  tiiy  will. 

"2. 1  approve  of  e?e*y  thing 
ilAiMi  has  been  decreed  and  <irdeted 
fajr-fbe  pio«<iliotaal  juntiK)!  gov^^m-^ 
iMU^  Hud  h^  lAie  regei^jyv  ^^^  ^''■^ 
oM^iBd  M  Oyafxun,  Aprils  the 
nAer  May  96,  in  thfe  present^hoar; 
nyyn^  mttftnwMIe^  Until,  siMli 
atowfly  iaSoraied  aa  tofhew^ls 
«f^iii)r  people^  I  ijtf^y  WiM^to 
bMo4v  tMei^#8,ai!iafdoptllfeae 
lireiDtifeB,  vAdeii  AM  hebeat  cal^ 
cokked  to  secure  4hdl^  ]!N^  j^rioape* 
xity  and  welfare,  the  constant  ob- 
ject of  all  my  wishes." 

The  spirit  of  his  administration 
was  di^iuayed  in  a  manner  equally 
strong  in  a  decree,  dated  on  the 
4th  of  October,  and  issued  at  Xeres. 
In  it  his  majesty  ordained,  that, 
on  his  journey  to  the  capital,  no 
individual,  who,  during  the  exist- 
ence (^  the  system  styl^  oonstitu* 

Vol.  LXV. 


ttMia1>  Ibid*  be«#i  A  A»p^  to  Hie 
Cones  in  the  two  last  legirisMl^ 
iilt&ig%  shoald  preseM  hhssalf,  or 
he  wltfahi  B^e  leagues  of  iSfae  rotrtsf 
loMadrid.  Thbprohihtlioilwasdek 
daved  to  amdy  to  tiie  rnhnsten, 
ooundUors  of  state,  l9ie  membei%  of 
Ao  Aipreme  tiSbunal  of  juslioe, 
Ifee-eonmumdants^g^neral^  pc^tlcd 
MeA,  the  persona  em^yed  in^ 
invend  departments  of  the  secn^ 
taries  of  state,  and  the  dueft  and 
offieen  cf  the  late  national  Yolun* 
teer  tnilitia,  to  wham  his  majesty 
further  mtetdietod  fbrever  fpArti 
99cmpftJ-  entranoe  to  the  capital 
md  the  Toytd  ressdence,  or'iqsproadi 
thereto  wi^iin  a  drcumferenee  of 
fineen  leagaes. 

There  was  an  exception  in  hf* 
vtmr  of  indiTiduals,  who,  since  the 
entrance  of  the  Freneh  army,  had 
Ohtained  from  theproTiaional  juBtd 
or  the  r^^e^  of  the  lcingdom>  a 
new  noramation  to,  or  oonfixisialioti 
of,  the  offices  which  they  held  by 
1^  msjes^s  appointment  prdri* 
onsly  to  the  7th  of  Mardb,  l«9a 

Under  such  circumstances,  muli 
titndes  of  the  consdlutionidist^ 
sought  sa^  in  fli^t  Of  istiosb 
who  remained,  great  numbta  were 
secretly  and  ailntrarily  imprisoned  i 
and  ^ese  acts  of  oppression  would 
hite  beeil  carried^  to  a  stiU  greater 
he^  t^  if  they  had  not  been  in  somi 
d^g^pievi^nted  by  tJifrinteite- 
enee  of  tfcte  Frenchi  The  operM 
tion  of  this  check  isilkistrated  by 
wkat  oocnned  in  -CfkSaxi  Ther^ 
Ij8M,  et-*eenstitn6onal  coannand* 
ant,  and  the  duke  del  Parque, 
were  arrested  by  EKAunoy  the 
governor.  On  the  same  ni^t, 
count  Bourmont,  the  French  ocnn- 
mander,  sent  for  the  governor,  and 
asked  Um,by  whose  orders  the  ar- 
rests had  been  executed.  "In  vir- 
tue of  secret  orders,"  was  the  rqply. 
«  Let  me  see  those  orders,"  re)Ouied 

in 

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210]     ANNUAL  REGISTER,   1823. 


the  French  generaL  '^  No^*^^  an- 
swered the  Spaniaid.  ''Then," 
added  Boonnonty  '*  if  you  repeat 
such  arrests  without  shewing  me 
a  qpedfic  authority^  si^ed  byldng 
Ferdinand^andif  within  two  hours 
you  do  not  send  me  a  written  jus- 
tification of  those  already  mad^ 
you  shall  take  jrour  departure  fixim 
Cadis."  ^'I  will  execute  my  se- 
cret orders  without  your  leave  ov 
knowledge/'replied  D'Auncnry  ^'and 
I  willnot  quit  Cadix,  unless  fineed.". 
Forced  he  was  aocoidingly :  for, 
at  four  the  next  morning  a  detach- 
ment of  Freneh  gnnadiers  put  the 
refractory  governor  beyond  the 
gates  of  Cam£. 

V  Imprisonment  was  not  deemed 
apuniAment  adequate  to  the  guilt 
ofRiego.  He  was  condemned  to 
death  for  his  diare  in  the  pro- 
oeedings  of  the  Cortes  at  Sevule ; 
and,  in  pursuance  of  his  sentence, 
was,  on  the  7th  of  November, 
hansed  on  agiUiet  of  extraordinarv 
bei^t.  Dming  the  whole  ot  his 
progress  frmntheprison  to  theplace 
of  execution,  the  most  pro&and 
silence  jeigned.  The  ittreets  and 
squares  were  filled  with  immense 
crowds;  and  at  the  windows  were 
seen,  intermingled  with  the  inha- 
bitants, a  great  many  monks  and 
other  eccfemastics.  The  moment 
the  executioner  intimated,  by  a 
signal,  that  Biego  was  dead,  cries 
laviv^t  were  hcSid  from  a  nume- 
luus  gamp,  which  formed  a  semi- 
circle at  a  small  distance  ixon^  the 
jKsa&ld.      Riego     diowed   great 


firmness  and  tranquillity  in  this  brt 
scene  of  his  life ;  but  it  was  with 
much  difficulty  he  ascended  the 
ladder,  in  consequence  of  the  pain 
Mid  swellmg  of  his  1^8)  occasioned 
by  the  fetters  he  had  wonk  sinoe 
hisaxrest. 

:  On  the  4tii  of  Decembo;  »sar- 
piinng  chan^  was  made  in  the 
cplnnet  counol  of  FefdiaeBd.  Sacs 
ttod^his  ooUeaffues  were  dismined; 
and  a  new  and  more  liberal  mkus* 
tiy  was  firamed,  at  the  head  of 
whidi  was  Casa  Ini^o,  who  had 
been  ambassador  hooL  the  Cortes 
te  France.  The  dqpartmfiftit  of 
moaoe  and  justioe  was  iatsusfted  to 
SonNafCisode  Heredia,  a  man  of 
letters  and  of  hi^  peraenal  cha- 
xactec.  The  other  pnncipd  offices 
were  fiUed  by  Lopes  Ballasterps  (a 
zelatioa  of  the  genecal  ci  thai 
name),  de  la  Crua,  and  ViUel^ 
Some  ascribed  the  formalian  of  this 
administration  to  the  a^^rioe  <tf 
France:  but  the  meee^  g0"f^ 
c^inion  was,  that  it  had  its  origin 
in  theintzigueaof  PosaodiBorao» 
wh»  was  then  at  Madrid,  and  who, 
it  was  alleged,  exerted  the  influ- 
ence of  Buaria  to  promote  thepin> 
poses  of  his  own  stock-jobbing  spe- 
culations. Wha|evermight|e)the 
cause  of  tlie  elevation  of  Qm 
Irvgo,  it  |^x)dnced  no  sensible  al- 
teiatioB  in  the  dark,  rerengefuU 
^ttdvlent,  and  most  op^se^ive 
course  of  ffovemment,  wl^mFer- 
dinand  ben  adopted  and  still  con- 
tinued to  pursue. 


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HISTORY  OF  EUROPE. 


[211 


CHAP.   XIII. 

PonrvoAL^RelaiioMof  Portugal  imUi  Greai  Briiam  amd  France-^ 
AmaramU's msmrweiian :  kisprogren:  BeffOi's operalimu :  Inautu 
reetkm  ntppressed,  ami  AmamnU  retretiU  mio  Spam^ArreHs  m 
LMtm  JmmifrectiomqftkBMSrdrtpment'^Pfince  MigueVs  FUgkt 
fnm  ike  Pmhme-^The  RebeU  Joined  by  moH  of  ike  Trwpe^Cms^ 
pkie  tucceu  ef  ike  Ckmntet^IUvohikm^AMomimemi  of  a  nem  Mi- 
mk^^DumbtOm  of  ike  QHew^-^^Sir  Roberi  Wibom  m  Poriugai^ 
Freitch  Emba»iU''-'-BnAgiL:^^ompleie  sepantiim  if  Brazil  from 
Perimgah^Hostdt  proeeedmgBqf  BraxU  tomards  Poriuga^Imiemal 
Dietemakme  qf  BraxU'-'Reswtieikm  qfik^Audndas  and  ikeir  tsmw- 
d$aieresioraiimioPower^''Meeiimg^tkeCongre»^Secemon(f 
Mimsier»fTom  ike  Ckmgreu^ViaeHi  DucusSone^CkoMge  of  Mi- 
■i<<iy  Diemuion  beiweett  ike  Emperor  tmd  ike  CongPeM">  Oppo- 
jMom  of  ike  Andradas  io  ike  Emperor — Vioieni  procmlings  of  ike 
Qmgren  and  of  ike  Emptror^^A  new  MimUiry — Tke  Emperor  du^ 
solves  ike  CoHgrees  by  MUiiaryforee'^Anoiker  ckanm  ifmimttry^-^ 
Canvooaium  ^  a  new  LegUmve  As$ewMtf^^  Meaeures  pursued 
agamet  ike  lenders  of  ike  Opposition  Basis  of  a  fundamenial  Lam 
m  ike  Monarckn  proposed  by  ike  EmperoT'^Tkie  sckeme  appoFmoed 
by  ike  mnmcipamy  of  ike  capOal — General  approbaiion  of  ike  pe^ 
eeeMnms  qf  ike  Emperor — Caiaslropke  at  Para-^MiUtary  Operations 
ai  BiMa  :  D^iculiies  qf  Madeira's  siimaiion:  kis  vigorous  resist- 
ance :  Effaouaiion  qf  BakiaF^Jjord  Coekrane^s  OpenSkm^^Monie 
Fideo-^Arrival  of  Portuguese  Commissioners  ai  Rio  de  Janeiro: 
ikeir  dismissal'  ■  'JFimmces  qf  BraziL 


^  )RTUGAL  could  nol  fail  to 
be  abmed  by  tlie  menaces  of 
France  against  l^ain :  and,  under 
eireumstances  of  Mick  reasonable 
8pprdijenrion>  berminiiters  thought 
k  their  duty  to  apply,  towuda  the 
ettd  of  1 99i,  to  ti^  British  cabinet, 
to  ascertain,  whether  in  case  of  a 
threatened  invasion,  she  might  de- 
pend on  the  alliance  of  Crreat 
Britain. ,  The  answer  to  this  «p- 
plication  was  most  satisfactory,  and 
was  communicated  to  the  Cortes, 
in  a  report  dated  the  28di  of  De- 
cember. "  The  ministry  of  Eng- 
land," said  Ferreiray  who  was  at 
the  head  of  the  foreign  department, 
^'hasjustX!qdied.^ThattiieBritish 


gpferaaaent,  having  soleraaly  de- 
clared in  the  lace  u  Euro^  that 
it  does  not  pretnme  to  attribute  to 
itself  a  rkpt  to  interfere  in  Hhe 
mteiiMd  a&irs  of  other  states,  con- 
siders^ itaelf  bound  to  give  to  this 
kingdom  every  succour  of  which 
it  may  stand  in  need,  diould  its 
independence  appear  to  be  threat- 
ened in  any  mode  or  by  any  power 
whatever.  But  this  promise,"  con- 
tinued he,  "  which  is  nothing  more 
than  a  repetition  of  those,  which 
have  in  other  times  and  at  difierent 
epochs  been  made  to  us,  has  no 
reference,  nor  can  be  understood 
to  have  any,  to  our  political  insti- 
tutions, as  they  have  in  no  wa  j 
CP2] 


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212]     ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1823. 


altered  the  reladons  which  pre- 
viously subsisted  between  the  two 
countries." 

The  indiimtion  of  the  Portu- 
guese eovemment  to  conciliate 
Great  Britain^  was  marked  hy  a 
decree  of  tlie  12^  of  March,  sus- 
pending'the  edict  of  die  14th  o€ 
July  1891,  Ifor  the  increase  of  the 
duty  on  Briti^  woollens,  anddk^ct- 
tng  that  that  impost  should,  until 
the  ieonclusion  of  a  final  treaty, 
remain  at  its  antient  rate  of  15 
per  cent.  On  the  other  hand,  an 
attitude^  somewhat  hostile,  waa 
mdiirtalned  towards  Fnmoe.  Thejr 
directed  their  arabassadcx'  to  re- 
monstrete  agunst  the  doctrines 
avowed  in  &e  speech  of  Louis 
1 8th,  increased  their  mSitary  force, 
sdid  declared  their  readiness  to  eon- 
dude  a  defensive  treaty  mth  Spain. 

But  in  Portugal,  as  in  Spain,  the 
oonstitutioRal  system  had  enemies 
within  the  kingdom  as  wdl  as 
i^thout.  The  Conde  de  Amarante, 
after  bavins  traversed  a  great  part 
(^  the  provmce  of  Minho,  and  so- 
journed at  Braga,  and  other  oon« 
siderable  places  in  that  province, 
made  his  appearance  in  Villa  Real, 
and  on  the  21st  of  February,  at 
the  head  of  some  miHlia  and  some 
countrymen,  raised  the  standa^  of 
revolt.  ''  Death  to  the  ccnstitu- 
tiouy  and  aU  ita  followers,"  was 
the  cry,  whidi  marked  the  objects 
of  Amarante,  who  at  first  pro- 
daimed  himself  the  partisan  of  the 
antient  system,  though,  aAer- 
wards,  as  his  cause  began  to-droop, 
he  was  willing  to  iranain  satisfied 
wiUi  a  modification  of  the  r^re- 
sentative  system.  He  was  joined 
hy  some  of  the  troops  who  were  sta- 
tioned in  die  province ;  and,  mardi- 
ed  northwards,  reaching  Chaves, 
the  garrison  c^  which  brou^t  a 
eonaidenifale  reinforc^nent  to  his 
xanlcs.     Texeira  "mm  despatched 


against  him,  joined  in  the  insur* 
rection,  and  a  junta  vras  now 
formed,  oi  which  M.  Souxa,  for- 
merly minister  in  London,  was  a 
niember.  The  district,  which  was 
the  scene  of  this  revolt,  was  bound- 
ed by  the  Ddoto  on  the  aoutii,  an^ 
^6  Galickn  fiontiar  on  the  north ; 
the  river  Sabor  on  l^e  Bast,  and 
the Tttme^onliie West  Beyond 
these  linnts  the  insurredion  did 
not  extaiid :  but  wilidn  them  the 
peasantry  took  up  arms,  and  weie 
aealotti  in  its  suppcnrt.  General 
Bego,  who  was  in  the  vichiity  at 
^e  tkne,  ocdlected  ^idthout  dday 
such  troops  as  eouM  be  depended 
upon,  and  prsgsod  die  insurgents 
so  mvch,  tl^t  they  had  no  time  to 
extendtfadr  intrigues  or  consolidate 
dieir  strength.  The  only  success, 
whidi  they  had,  was  obteined  by 
surprise  on  the  ISth  of'  iKfardi. 
On  the  precedhig  day,  Rego't  ad- 
vanced guard,  tmder  the  command 
of  Piim^ona  Monia,  was  attKadial, 
a  village  distant  about  two  nnles 
firom  Chaves.  On  that  evening, 
t^iete  came  to  the  head^uartos  of 
Pbmplona,  where  ge&eral  Rego 
then  was,  a  cavdry  officer,  preteiS- 
ine  tabe  an  emissary  firom  his  com- 
rades,  who  wished  to  escape  trtfiR 
the  rebels  and  join  the  constitu- 
tionalists. Intruth,  hawasa^y.- 
and  havmg  seen,  that  the  tv^c^ 
instead  of  being  btvowKised,  ^0^ 
iu  quarters,  he  returned  to  Chavis 
to  report  hh  observations.  At 
day-break,  three  smiadroas  of >  tife* 
valiy  appeared  in  mmt  of  Rego^ 
{Hpincipcu  position,  and  a  oovdon  on 
the  flank  extending  as  far  as  the 
cantonments  of  the  eonsdtutloci- 
alists.  R^'s  troops  (the  detach- 
tnent  oonauted  only  of  two  regi- 
ments) foQght  gallantly,  but  ttof 
were  so  compl^ly  taken  by  sur- 
prise, that  th^  were  broken  and 
lonted;  I^nafptooawvittakeit  flad 


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[»18 


Bogci  Umidf  nanbwly  ^fleaped 
fymi  hdog  made  a  pru^Bear.  On 
tfa^  14tii*  all  the  coaatitutioaal 
efficm,  vbo  had  bean  oaade  pori^ 
mmen,  werec$U6d  Ufon  to  jom  tha 
JDfuige&lii^  or  to  DTomiie  not  to 
baar  aime  against  them :  but  th^ 
all  refosad  except  two^  one  ci 
whom  was  not  a  Portuguese. 

The  laflnigeDts,  who  mustered 
about  SfiOO  Btxfmg,  now  endear 
Tootsd  to  eflbd  a  passage  to  the 
ng^  bank  of  the  Tamega,  with  a 
view  to  peaatrnteinto  the  proviaee 
of  Minbo :  and  Rego  was  obliged 
to  ctonfine  himself  for  a  few.  &ya 
todefonKba  ojperations^  in  order  to 
^Te  tha  reiorovoements^  that  were 
<m  their  way  to  join  him,  time  to 
amre.  His  centre  was  first  as- 
aailed:  but  Uie  rebels,  not  being 
sJble  to  foree  any  of  bis  poats  thera, 
fesolved  to  endeavorar  to  obtnn 
pessesffloa  of  Amaacante,  where  his 
nf^t  wing  was  stationed.  Widi 
tlnsTiew,  .at  8  in  the  evening  of 
the  22iid  of  Mardi,  they  com* 
meaoed  their  march  from  Mondim 
de  Basto  towards  faiaii^t,  umtiag 
all  their  reffuhff  troops  on  Uie  eentfe 
ef  their  bne,  and  posting  on  the 
other  points  of  it  theaimed  militia 
and  peasants.  At  day*bieak  they 
opened  a  brisk  fire  on  Villa  Pohca 
&  Tamega  and  Oafian;  and  the 
hetter  to  cover  their  manoeuvre, 
they  atta[I^>ted  to  form  a  moveable 
Mdga  or  raf^  on  the  liver.  In 
ftoB,  however,  they  failed ;  and 
ihey  were  rqmlsed  with  great  loss 
on  every  point  oi  attack. 

After  this  imluie,  many  of  Ama- 
ntnte's  troops  went  over  to  the 
enemy,  and  others  dispersed  them- 
selves.  He  retreated  through  the 
ptovuMe  of  Teas  os  Montes,  in  a 
nofth-eastem  direction,  towards 
the  firontieraof  Leon  and  Gralida ; 
and  was  cL  ;ly  pursued  by  Rego, 
who  hid.  now  about  seven  thouaaoiA 


traops  of  the  line  under  hb  ^om* 
maMg  and  upwards  of  five  thonr 
sand  militia.  There  was  nothing 
equal  to  resbt  a  forte  lika  i^M, 
though  the  people  of  the  prpviaoe^ 
in  some  distnctsat  least,  gavestrang 
mmrka of  adherence to&e sinking 
cause.  In  the  small  town  of  Trin^ 
dade,  at  ike  entrance  cf  Vilk 
Flor>  although  Bego  was  ahnost 
at  its  gates,  me  inh&tants,  rose  in 
arms,  and  intercepted  the  qffioeHB 
wit^  cnes  of  "  Death  to  the  Con^ 
stitotion  I"  On  tbe  12th  of  Apnl, 
orders  were  issued,  that,  as  a  pumsh- 
ment  for  its  pervarseness,  it  should 
be  burnt  to  the  ground.  The 
a^trocity  of  the  punishment  is  a 
still  more  unequivocal  proof  of  the 
predominant  t^piit  of  the  distnot, 
than  even  the  audacity  of  the  of- 
fence. On  the  ISik  of  April, 
Rego  entered  ]&»ganaa ;  and  the 
insurgents,  encouraged  by  the  ap^ 
preach  of  the  French,  sou^t  nr 
fuge  within  the  Spanish  frontier. 

There  t^iey  ofi»ted  to  join  the 
French  generalissimo  2  he  declined 
their  direct  aid,  on  the  ground 
that  France  was  not  at  war  with 
Portugal :  but  he  added,  that  these 
was  no  (Ejection  to  tiieir  co-opera- 
ting with  the  army  of  the  Faith. 
Accordingly  Amarante  and  his  fol- 
lowers remained  in  theprovinees 
of  Leon  and  Castile,  till  the  sue^ 
eess  of  the  duked'Angoul^me,  and 
the  turn  which  afiaixa  took  at  Li^ 
bon,  enabled  the  funtives  to  ra- 
tuni,in  the  xnonth  of  Jone,  to  their 
country  with  the  character  of  pa- 
triots and  conquerors. 

At  Lisbon,  as  soon  as  intelh- 
genoe  was  received  of  this  revok, 
the  government  was  armed  willh 
extraordinary  powass  of  imprison- 
ment and  arrest;  and  many  sut* 
pected  persons  were  placed  in  con- 
finement. Goierals  Serraain  and 
Soidigne,  accused  oi  being  ^ittts 


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214]    ANNUAL    REGlS"rEU,    1823. 


in  ^0  inadiraaticMis  of  the  Freiu^ 
against  the  peace  of  the  Peninsula^ 
wereoffderedtoquit  the  Portuguese 
territory.  Geneial  Stochler  Was 
removed  to  Bugio^  and  the  arch- 
bishop of  Braga  to  Busaoo. 

The  insurrection  in  the  province 
of  Tras  os  Montes,  seems  to  have 
been  connected  with  intrigues^ 
whose  ramifications  spread  through 
the  greater  part  of  the  Kingdom ; 
though  Amarante's  failure  in  his 
first  military  operations  deprived 
him  of  that  open  and  declared  as- 
sistance, on  which  he  probably 
reckoned.  The  events  which  took 
place  within  less  than  six  weeks 
after  his  retreat  into  Spain,  proved 
that  he  had  reason  to  hope  for  sup- 
port and  co-operation  from  the 
liighest  quarters.  On  the  26th  6£ 
May,  the  23rd  regiment  of  the 
line,  having  received  orders  to  set 
out  for  Bmra,  where  it  was  to 
form  part  of  the  army  of  Obser- 
vation, marched  from  the  capital. 
At  a  flhort  distance  from  the  dty, 
OB  the  road  to  Almeida,  the  troops 
were  harangued  by  the  colonel, 
and,  having  expressed  their  wil* 
lingness  to  concur  with  him  in 
overturning  the  existing  system, 
took  up  a  position  at  Vil&  Franca, 
five  leagues  distant  from  Lisbon. 
Their  intentions  were  expressed 
in  ^e  following  letter,  whidi  their 
colonel  immediately  transmitted  to 
Sepulveda,  the  commander  of  the 
troops  in  the  city : 

*•  My  dear  general  and  friend, 
—The  deposition  of  the  present 
ministry  and  the  formation  of  a 
new  one — a  king  with  dignity,  and 
a  constitution  which  may  assure 
the  happiness  and  repose  of  the 
country — ^in  fine,  union  and  the 
oblivion  of  the  past — such  is 
what  the  23rd  regiment  wants: 
yeu  doubtless  want  the  same. 
Anarehy  has  then  ceased  to  exist. 
(Signed)  '*  Souza," 


On  the  27th,  at  one  o'^odc  iir 
the  morning,  prince  Migud  tlitf 
kin^s  second  son,  quitted  the 
pal^,leBvinff  behind  lum  a  lettet* 
addressed  to  his  fieither.  He  was 
aeoompanied  by  some  caraluneers 
of  the  4th  regiment,  noA  hating 
joined  the  revolted  troops  at  ViUa 
Franca,  puUished  a  prodamation, 
in  which  he  CBlkd  upon  the  nation 
to  aid  in  the  ddiverance  of  their 
king,  in  order  that  a  system  mi^ 
be  established  alike  remote  from 
despotism  and  anarchy.  On  the 
same  day  he  was  jomed  by  several 
detachments.  As  soon  as  tJiese 
events  were  known,  tiie  Cortes,  an 
extiaordinary  session  of  which  had 
commenced  on  the  15th  of  May, 
sent  a  message  to  the  king,  declar- 
ing that  the  ministers  had  lost  the 
confidence  of  the  coimtry.  F& 
majesty  immediately  assembled  a 
council,  and  delibemted  widi  them 
on  the  appointment  of  a  new 
ministry.  On  the  dQth,  being  Ckir- 
pus  Christi  day,  the  troops  olf  the 
garrison  assembled,  according  to 
custom,  to  parade  the  streets.  After 
this  ceremony  was  over,  they  re- 
paired to  the  Terreiro  do  Pa^  (a 

*  The  fblkywing  was  the  Prinoe's  let- 
ter: 

"My  Father  aod  Lord,— My  only 
grief  is  for  haviog  left  your  majesty's 

falace  without  your  permission ;  but  as 
could  not  obtain  H  from  yonr  pru- 
dence, and  being  unable  longer  lo  see 
the  degradation  of  the  throne,  contrary 
to  the  wish  of  the  whole  kingdom,  \ 
have  adopted  a  course  which  your 
majesty  as  a  king  cannot  disapprove. 
We  ought  to  preserve  the  royal  nuuesor 
uuimpaiied  ;  it  is  a  deposit  wKb  whioi 
we  are  entrusted.  I  merely  aim  at 
serving  your  majesty,  as  my  king,  as  my 
father,  and  delivering  thie  nation.  I 
hope  that  heaven  will  M  us,  and  tba^ 
as  a  &ther,  you  will  give  me  your  bene- 
diction, though  as  a  king  you  may  have 
to  perform  outward  acts  contrary  to 
your  royal  heart.  I  kiss  your  majesty's 
hands.    YoUr  most  devoted  sou, 

"MIGUEL-'-' 


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HISTORY  OF  EUROPE. 


[91^ 


iqiiai«%  from  whence  aU  tbe  regi- 
nleats  of  die  line  (with  the  ex« 
oqptiott  of  the  18ih  raiment  of  ii^ 
fimtiy),  and  one  or  two  xfi^iments 
of  militi%  nuodied  to  join  prince 
Miguel;  and  with  them  went 
general  Sepulreda,  the  military 
governor,  who  had  been  entrusted 
with  the  defence  of  the  capital, 
and  0B  the  preceding  day,  had 
iflMied  a  prodamatinn  to  tianquil- 
lise  die  inhabitants.  The  other 
militia  R|;iments,  the  18th  in- 
fu^,  and  part  of  the  artillery  of 
the  Une,  refused  to  follow  Se- 
puheda;  and  such  was  their  re- 
ventmenty  that  he  nearly  lost  his 
lile  in  the  square ;  one  individual 
endeavoured  to  murder  him,  and 
was  hindtted  only  by  the  interpo- 
sitson  of  general  Aiolles  and  some 
other  officers.  The  troops  declared, 

JUL  ihu  occadon,  4hat  they  wish- 
some  changes  in  the  constitu- 
tion, luuning  particularly  the  esta- 
Uishment  of  two  chambers,  and 

S'ving  the  long  an  absolute  veto. 
n  the  30th,  at  the  opening  of  the 
flitting  of  the  Cortes^  it  was  noti- 
fied, that  the  king  had  appointed  a 
new  ministry;  butwithman  hour 
after,  it  was  announced  that  don 
Neves  Costa,  aj^Knnted  minister  of 
war,  had  eone  over  to  the  prince. 

M.  de  Braanchamp,  one  of  the 
heads  of  the  moderate  party,  who 
had  been  appointed  minister  for 
foreign  affiurs,  took  the  same 
course.  On  the  same  day,  the 
king  published  the  following  pro- 
clamation:— 

*'  Portuguese^— My  son  and  in- 
Amt,  don  M%uel,.fled  from  my 
^oyal  mansion  and  joined  the  SSid 
t^^iment.  I  abandon  him  as  a 
iadier,  and  shall  know  how  to 
punish  him  as  a  kinff. 
*  ''His  mdesty  dedaxes,  that 
faithful  to  his  oi^,  and  to  the  re- 
ligion of  his  anoestm:^  he  will 


the  oontdtutioa  which 
he  voluntarily  accepted*  His 
libetty,  he  says,  has  never  been 
restricted,  nor  his  authority  de- 
spised. He  invites  his  people  to 
confide  in  the  Cortes,  and  to  remain 
faithful  to  their  oaths." 

In  the  afternoon,  the  18th  regi^ 
ment  declared  itself  for  the  same 
cause  as  the  other  corps  of  the 
line ;  and,  repairing  to  the  palace 
of  Bemposta,  in  the  centre  of  the 
town,  amidst  cries  of  vivas  to  the 
king,  the  queen,  and  the  infante, 
induced  his  majesty  and  all  the 
rojral  family  to  quit  Lisbon.  They 
took  their  depcuture  at  7  in  the 
afternoon,  and  reached  Villa 
Franca  on  the  next  day. 

In  the  mean  time,  the  peace  of 
the  dty  had  been  preserved  by  the 
JBealous  efforts  of  the  citizens  and 
national  guards.  A  project  for 
<mening  afi  the  jails,  and  setting 
the  numerous  felons  at  liberty,  was 
discovered  and  suppressed.  The 
felons  in  the  castle  of  St  Georae 
endeavoured  twice  to  force  the 
prison,  but  without  success ;  and 
the  guard  fired  on  them,  killing 
and  wounding  several.  The  Cortes 
held  their  sesnon  on  the  ^Ist  at 
the  usual  hour,  and  transacted 
their  businesB  in  the  usual  wa^. 
On  the  same  day,  the  municipali- 
ty sent  a  dq>utation  to  the  lun^ 
begging  to  know  what  were  his 
royal  mtendons:  the  deputation 
returned  late  in  the  night,  with  an 
answer,  that  his  majesty  by  no 
means  wished  to  return  to  the  old 
system;  but  that  it  was  necessary 
to  frame  a  constitution  more 
adapted  to  the  interests  of  all 
ciniflos,  than  the  existin|(  one.  A 
manifesto  or  proclamation  to  this 
effect,  was  issued  by  the  hing, 
coimtersigned  by  Monnho  da  SiL 
veira,  who  had  been  named 
minister  of  finance  a  few   days 


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S}«]     A  N  N  U[  A  ¥i  H  9a  If  T  BJk   1823. 


befmf?.    Ontlie  Istof  Juaeanesr 

ministry  was  appointed.  The 
(X)nde  de  Palmelia»  a  man  of 
talents  and  literature^  who  had 
been  plenipotentiary  to  the  con* 
ffre^s  of  Verona,  and  filled  the 
highest  offices  under  the  absolute 
monarchy,  but  had  been  treated 
by  the  Cortes  with  great  rigour 
and  harshness,  £see  Vol.  fior  1821, 
p.  2173>  ^^^  named  minister  of 
Foreign  affairs.  Pamplona  Costa- 
Real  was  placed  at  the  head  of  thp 
war  department;  Gome^  de  01i<- 
veira  became  minister  of  the  In- 
terior ;  Falcao  de  Castro  minister 
of  justice;  and  Ferraz  de  Lima 
de  Castro,  intendant-general  of  the 
police  of  the  court  and  kingdom. 

On  the  2nd  of  June,  the  Cor- 
tes closed  their  sittings;  having, 
previously  to  their  separation^ 
dniwn  up  a  formal  protest  against 
any  change  in  the  government; 
"The  Representatives  of  the  Por- 
tuguese nation,"  said  they  in  this 
instrument,  "now  assembled  in  the 
extraordinary  Cortes,  finding  them- 
selves deprived  of  the  executive 
power,  which  may  carry  into 
-effect  any  of  their  decrees,  and 
destitute  of  an  armed  force,  declare 
themselves  in  a  situation  which 
makes  it  impossible  for  them  to  per- 
form the  functions  of  their  offices : 
as  the  continuation  of  ^heir  sit- 
tings may  lead  to  the  danger  of 
the  nation  being  abicted  in  the 
persons  of  its  r^resentatives, 
without  the  hop^  of  any  public 
advantage,  they  interrupt  their 
sittings,  till  the  permanent  depu- 
tation, which  continues  in  the  ex,- 
ercise  of  its  functions,  or  the  presi- 
dent of  the  Corte8>  shall  think  S^ 
to  assemble  the  deputies :  and  they 
protest,  in  the  name  of  their  con- 
stituents, against  any  alteration  or 
modification  that  may  be  made  in 
the  constitution  of  the  year  1922" 


At  Aa  vvf  m^  ^9(bmih/m 

occurrepceff  wf  re  t^ikhig  place,  mf\ 
Robert  Wilson  had  coiiie  fi»Q| 
Galida  to  Oporto^  in  oid^  t» 
rouse  tiiA  friends  of  liberty  Uf 
vig(9t)^fi  re^tanc^  Upon  the  fall 
^  the  constitutional  system,  he 
withdraw  from  Oporto,  for  the 
puipose  of  Tetuming  to  Span; 
but  at  Braga»  he  was  sei^  hf 
the  populace,  and  in^irisQiied  for 
two  d£^8.  This  cooled  )us  aidouiv 
Qud  he  thought  that  his  most  pnir 
dent  course  now  wai^  to  petun  tf 
Oporto.  There,  too,  he  was  tneat* 
ed  with  considerable  rigour^  and 
was  immediately  sent  back  to  Ga^ 
licia  by  the  way  of  Caminha.  He 
arrived  at  Vigo  on  the  I4th  of 
June,  and  there  issued  an  addreai 
to  the  Portuguese  nation,  foigivii^ 
with  due  magnanimity  ibe  wcuagi 
he  had  met  with  from  themf  and 
regretting  the  inglorious  ooune  d 
poUtical  conduct  which  they  had 
adopted. 

These  events  were  particularly 
agreeable  to  France,  both  in  thea^ 
sdves  and  by  their  influence  oa 
the  operations  in  Spaitk  M.  ^yde 
de  Neuville  was  despatched  \jy 
Louis,  to  congratulate  the  king  of 
Portugal  on  his  re-acquisitioa  of 
absolute  power.  That  envoy  was 
presented  at  the  court,  on  the  &d 
of  September,  in  a  solemn  audienoe 
appointed  expressly  for  the  fuc^ 
pose ;  and,  by  the  language  which 
he  used,  did  ample  justice  to  the 
sentiments  of  those  whom  he 
represented.  "Sire,"  said  he,  a4" 
dressing  the  kin^ — "Mj  sovereign 
feels  the  most  hvely  ioy  at  leaner 
ing  the  great  and  amy  evmt^ 
which  saved  PorUigalj  ana  xeplaoed 
in  the  paternal  hands  of  your  mar 
jesty  a  power  which  you  alwi^rs 
used  for  the  haj^inessef  your  suh- 
jectfr— a  power,  the  legitimate  ex- 
ercise of  whii^h ,  coostiUtfei .  i|Ot 


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[217 


mif  die  strengtik  and  di^tf  of 
,lfae  throne^  but  also  the  aecoresl 
pledge  of  the  true  Hbertief  ef  the 
suhjeet^-a  power,  without  whieh 
kui^  cannot  fulfil  the  obUgdtiOBS 
whu^  God  has  imposed  on  theta.'' 
The  counter-revolution  tri« 
umphed  without  resistance  in  other 
posts  <^  Portugal.  On  the  4th  of 
June,  an  address  was  transmitted 
to  his  majesty  from  Oporto>  signed 
by  tlM  bishop  and  other  chief 
pemons  of  the  ^iistce,  add  dedanu 
taNry  c^  their  joy  at  the  dissolutioti 
of  those  forms  of  government^  to 
which  th^  had  male  neither  oppo* 
sttkm  nor  objection,  until  the  army 
set  them  die  example  Many 
other  plaoes^qyressed  themselves  in 
&?our  of  this  change.  Onthedth, 
the  kii^  returned  to  Lisbon ;  and 
<mtha  9^,  the  ia&nt  don  Miguel 
waa  appointed  commaadeivin-^ief 
of  the  army.  On  the  18th  of 
Jose  a  junta  of  14  members,  at  the 
head  of  whom  was  the  oonde  de 
Paknella,  was  appmnted  to  propose 
the  pJan  of  a  fundamental  law  of 
the  Portuguese  monaidiy.  What* 
ever  dieir  private  labours  may  have 
been,  the  world  has  hitherto  seen 
ao  firuits  of  them,  ibr  they  have  not 
as  ye^  produced  any  scheme  tcfg 
the  regulatimi  or  mitigation  df 
absolute  power.  The  authority  of 
the  thzoae>  re-estaldidied  on  its 
old  basts,  was  not  shak^,  during 
the  remiainder  of  the  year,  by 
ai^  apesa  disturbances;  but  Lisbon 
continued  to  be  the  scene  of  mudi 
secret  suspieioB  and  secret  fermen- 
tatioii.  Many  Pteaee  committed  to 
piiaon  for  alleged  poHtind  tiflbnees; 
and  apiong  these  was  Madeira,  Ae 
bcsve  and  pene^wtinir  defender  of 
Bshia. 

The  proclamation  of  don  Pe&o, 
Memperor  <^  Brmdl,  on  the  12th 
of  October  iaS8,  completed  the 
4ipttattai  oS  that  emmlijr  fimi 


Farti]^;  and  die  Uttifost  that  the 
mother  country  could  now  expect 
firom  her  late  colony  was-^not 
obedience — but  amicable  inters 
oouive  on  terms  nsatutdly  beneficiad 
'*Thou^  frotii  the  12th  of  this 
montht"  said  the  emperor  in  a  pro^ 
damation  dated  the  21st  of  Ok;to^ 
her,  "  Biaail  Ho  longer  forms  an 
integral  part  of  the  antieat  Por* 
tuguese  monarchy,  still  nothing 
preveats  the  continuation  of  their 
andent  oomm€a:cial  relaitions,  ai  I 
declared  in  my  decree  of  the  1st 
of  August,  if  Portugal  do  not 
send  troops  to  invade  any  of  dM 
provinces  of  diis  Empire.  Pdrtu* 
ffuese;  I  o£fer  you  the  space  of 
four  months  to  make  your  decision. 
Determine,  and  choose  either  the 
coBtinuanoe  of  a  friendship,  found- 
ed on  the  dictates  of  justice  and 
generosity,  and  in  the  ties  of  blood 
mid  reciprocal  interests ;  or  a  wsoBt 
viident  war  whidb  can  termbate 
only  in  the  independence  of  Bra- 
ail  or  the  ruin  of  bot&  countries." 
The  proceedifigs  of  die  Cortes  at 
Lisbon  gave  evident  proof,  that 
Portngid  would  not  adqpt  thee  pru- 
dent  course  here  recommended  to 
her;  and  the  Brarilians  toc^  their 
measures  aecovdiiigly.  Onthellth 
of  December,  two  decrees  were 
issued,  whidi  might  be  regarded 
as  preliminary  steps  to  active  hosti-> 
lides.  The  first  laid  an  embargo 
on  all  vessds  bound  to  die  Portu* 
gnese  dominions  in  Europe;  the 
second,  after  referring  to  the  declar* 
rations  of  the  Cortes  as  a  iustifica- 
tion,  ordered  that  dieie  should  be 
put  under  efleotrre  sequeitaition— ^ 
1.  AH  die  merchancBse  in  dm 
wardtousea  of  the  emmre  which 
belonged  to  subjects  of  the  king- 
dom OT, Portugal :  2.  All  merchan- 
dise of  the  same  description  in  the 
poBsesrion  of  Braiilian  Dserdiants; 
3.  AH  pDaseMODnB  in  town  anct 


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218]    ANNUAL  RE6ISTBR,   1823. 


country,  wldch  were  under  the 
same  circumstanoes:  4.  The  ves- 
seb  beknunng  to  Portuguese  mer- 
chants. The  shares  of  we  nation- 
al hank  of  the  Cans  de  Seffiuo, 
and  of  the  iron-works  of  the  Villa 
de  Sorocflba,  were  alone  excepted 
from  this  sequestration. 

The  spirit  of  bitter  hostility, 
which  was  excited  at  Rio  de  Janeiro, 
was  disphyed  still  more  ]^ainly  in  a 
decree,  dated  the  llth  of  January 
1828,  for  isBuinff  letters  of  maique 
against  Portugu.  It  granted  to 
afi  foreigners,  who  sh^ild  amiy 
for  such  letters,  as  weU  as  to  fira- 
silians,  authority  to  ^'bum,  sink, 
and  destroy "  the  vessels  and  pro- 
perty of  the  Portuguese.  To 
facilitate  the  fitting  out  of  diips 
for  this  purpose,  adventurers  were 
to  be  aUo^i^  to  purchase  ammu- 
nition from  the  government  arse* 
nal,  at  a  credit  of  twelve  months, 
with  a  total  release  firom  payment, 
if  it  was  proved  to  have  been  ex- 
pended in  attacks  on  the  Portu- 
guese. The  {Nivilege  of  ofanting 
Otters  of  marque  was  conferred  on 
all  Brazilian  consuls  residing  in 
foreign  ports ;  and  they  were  au- 
thorued  in  ihe  event  of  clotures 
being  made,  to  form  on  the  niot  a 
court,  connsting  of  the  resident 
consul  and  four  other  persons,  for 
the  condemnation  of  prises. 
•  The  assumpdon  of  the  imperial 
title  by  dott  Pedro  was  favoiued 
by  all,  as  being  the  easiest  mode 
of  reaching  the  important  point, 
— the  estaUi8hn(ient  of  the  nation- 
al independeneb,  without  dismem- 
berii^  the  oountry  by  the  sepa- 
ration of  the  provinces  ftxmi  each 
other.  But  there  was,  amid  ap- 
parent unanimity,  much  dissension 
in  thacouncils  of  Brazil ;  arising 
partlyirom  the  bitrigues and  jea- 
lousies of  rival  candidates  for 
power^  and  partly  tnm  the  preir»- 


IcQoe  01  very  diflweut  systeiusci 
opinion  with  respect  to  the  scheme 
of  internal  government  that  ou^ 
tobefc^wed.  The  headof  tbs 
existing  ministrv  was  Jose  Bodi* 
faeio  &  Andra^  Silva;  and  his 
broiler,  Martin  Francisoo  Andrads, 
was  minister  of  finance.  Both  cf 
these  men  were  stronffly  adverse 
to  despotical  power.  Harassed  hf 
the  intrigues  of  their  opponents, 
they,  and  fdl  their  adherents,  on 
the  25ih  of  October,  1822,  roigtied 
thcar  functions;  and  successors  te 
them  were  immediatdy  appointed. 
—The  baron  de  St.  Amara,  was 
named  first  secretary  of  state; 
Luis  da  Cunha,  minister  of  mlif** 
rine;  D. 'Hnioo,  minister  of  jus- 
tice; Joao  Ignado  da  Canhai 
minister  of  fi^mce;  and  Joso 
Vicieu  de  Camulho,  minister  «f 
war.  Of  theae  individuals,  tw^ 
including  the  Premier  deet,  de* 
dined  weir  appointments;  and 
the  change^  as  r^arded  the  otheii^ 
was  so  fitde  pc^ular,  that  a  me- 
morial was  prepared  on  the  part 
of  the  dtisens,  and  presented  to 
the  empercnr,  for  the  restoration  of 
the  displaced  ministers,  with  the 
exceptkm  of  Nolrega,  the  mimster 
of  war.  On  the  80th,  the  peti- 
tion was  complied  with ;  and  the 
restoration  to  power  of  the  An- 
dradas  and  their  party  was  oeie* 
brated,  on  the  same  evening,  by  * 
general  illumination. 

Early  in  thfe  year,  the  dcwuties 
to  the  Gn^ress  from  the  different 
provinces  began  to  arrive :  and  hf 
the  17lli  of  April,  thdr  mimbew 
^ueeded  that  prescribed  by  the 
dection  law  as  necessary  beftre 
the  sittixm  could  commence.  They 
accordingly  met  on  that  day*  1^ 
bishop  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  wsi 
diosen  P^dent,  and  don  Manod 
Jose  de  Souaa  Franca,  Secretary- 
Thqr  then  proceeded  to  the  ^^o- 


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HISTOHY  OF  EUROPE. 


[»19 


of  tke<  ^eeAan$,  and 
th»  lypmntment  of  tiie  nooonuy 
oontnUtoes.  After  the  iireliiiii- 
'  liiii<iDeBi  was  oaaclttdedj  tko 
aooonpamed  l^  hia  ooo* 
lort  and  the  princeas,  piooeeded  in 
state  to  the  Congress,  and  opened 
its  fint  aesBiai  on  tiie  3rd  of  Msiy, 
the  annivanar]r  of  the  diseoveiy 
of  Bmaal  bjr  the  Portoguese  na- 
▼igBtor  Pedro  Alvaies  CabraL 
The  oereoeny  was  conducted  with 
gtcnt  pompb  The  imperial  iamily 
wero  in  sidendid  carriages;  some 
of  the  stveeta  wer&atiewed  with 
ibwccs ;  the  fronta  of  the  hoastes 
were  draped  widi  varie^ted  silks 
and  iafuHary  of  difiEeient  kinds ; 
the  whole  ik  the  passage  was  lined 
with  troops^  and  the  artillery  in 
the  lorts  fired  salutes.  The  em* 
pemry  being  seated  on  his  throne, 
addnaaud  a  speedi  to  the  Assem* 
Uy ;  and  tiiis  ira  did,  aocordii^^  to 
the  goremment  gasette,  with  so 
much  eosMKf  and  appjxyriate  ac- 
tion, thai  he  seemed  rather  to  be 
qjsaking  extempore,  than  readinc 
a  ipecdi  which  had  been  prepared 
for  him.  In  this  harangue,  his 
oMJesty  gave  a  long  history  of  the 
oompiunta  of  Braal  aoainst  Por- 
tugal, of  the  transactions  of  the 
revolution,  of  the  state  of  the 
finances,  and  of  the  measures 
adapted  by  the  different  depart- 
BKata  of  the  gOTcmment*  Then 
speaking  on  the  subject  of  the 
constitution,  he  said — 

**  As  oonstitutianal  emperor,  and 
more  especially  as  pexpetual  de- 
^nider  Jt  this  empire,  I  stated  to 
the  people,  on  the  Ist  day  of  De- 
cember, 1822,  on  which  I  was 
Clowned  and  anointed,  'that  with 
my  sword  I  would  defend  the 
country  and  the  constitution,  if  it 
dmold  prove  worthy  of  Brazil  and 
of  me.*  I,  to^bty,  ratify,  most  so^ 
kmnly.  befive  you  that,  promise^ 


and  I  hope  that  you  will  aid  me  m 
the  pevformance  of  it,  by  forming 
a  oonstitutiony  wise,  iust,  ade- 
quate, and  practicable,  dictated  fay 
reason,  not  caprice^  that  shall  have 
solely  in  view  the  general  happi- 
nesB,  which  never  can  be  oompk^ 
if  the  oonstittttioD  be  not  founded 
on  solid  bases,  moved  by  Uie  wis- 
dom of  ages*  These  are  the  true 
foimdalions  on  which  to  ground  a 
just  Hber^  to  the  people,  uid  every 
neeessfltry  strength  to  ^  execu* 
tive— a  constitution  in  which  the 
three  powen  shall  be  divided;  so 
that  neither  shall  arrogate  to  itsdf 
rights  whidi  do.  not  comport  wiUi 
it,  but  which  ihall  at  the  same 
time  be  so  organised  and  harmo- 
nious, as  to  render  it  impossilde^ 
even  in  the  lapse  of  time>,  iai 
those  powers  to  become  enemies^ 
.and  thmt  they  may  more  and  more 
co-operate  for  the  fpeheial  happW 
neas  of  the  stato  m  fine,  a  con* 
stitutioo>  which,  ]dacing  barriers 
to  de^tiam,  wh^her  lyyal,  aria* 
toeratieal,  or  democratical,  shall 
pot  anarchy  to  flight,  and  plant 
the  tree  of  that  liberty  under 
whose  shade  shall  p;row  the  union, 
tranquillity,  and  independence  of 
this  empire,  defined  to  be  the 
wonder  of  both  the  new  and  old 
worlds." 

The  first  proceedings  of  the 
new  Congress  were  not  £stinguish« 
ed  by  that  harmony  which  had 
been  anticipated.  Attempto  wer^ 
made  with  mudi  vigour  by  the  po- 
pular party  to  effect  the  removal 
of  the  ministry  from  office,  and 
the  ministers,  in  order  to  frustrate 
them,  resorted,  before  a  fmlnight 
had  el^Med,  to  the  singular  ejme- 
dient  <2f  withdrawing  altogether 
from  the  deliberations,  along  with 
the  whole  of  thmr  adherentf  By 
thb  secession,  the  number  of  the 
d^nties^  as  many  from  ih/^  distant 


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$90]    ANNUAI4   RfiGISTJfR,   1823. 


■hnrinoes  had  not  arrived,  was  le* 
duoed  beldw  that  which  the  kw 
preacrihed  as  heceasaty  to  consti* 
iUte  a  legal  sittiog,  and  the  husi^ 
ness  of  the  state  was  ther^ore 


device  could  not  be  long 
emj^oyed ;  and  the  ministers  were 
again  obliged  to  meet  dieir  anta* 
gonists  in  free  discussbn.  The 
great  point  in  dispute  was>  whether 
ihe  executive  should  have  an  abso- 
lute veto  in  the  enactment  of  laws. 
The  necessity  of  giving  the  crown 
a  veio  Was  insisted  on  by  the  minis- 
ter for  foreign  affairs,  Joze  Boni* 
&cio  de  Andrada,  who  wished  to 
establish  the  new  constitution  upon 
the  basis  of  a  limited  monarchy 
similar  to  that  of  En^nd.  The 
democratical  party>  on  the  other 
hand^  asserted  that  his  views  were 
altogether  despotic ;  and  inveighed 
bitterly  against  him  for  having 
ocdered  the  impriscmment  <? 
•everalindividuals,  whoentertained 
more  liberal  or  republican  ideas* 
On  the  30th  of  June^  the  emperor 
fractured  two  of  his  ribs,  by  a  faS 
ftom  his  horse,  which  confined  him 
to  the  palace  for  three  weeks ;  and 
this  aoddent  presented  to  the  of^xH 
idtion  a  iivourable  opportunity  (^ 
forcing  the  minister  to  resign.  On 
the  15th  of  July,  a  threatening 
letter  was  sent  to  one  of  the  gen- 
tlemen of  the  palace,  cnrdering  him 
lo  deliver  a  letter  which  was  en- 
closed fiMT  the  emperor,  and  which 
intimated  to  his  majesty,  that,  un-* 
less  he  changed  his  system  and  dis- 
missed the  ^dradas,  his  own  life 
would  be  in  danger.  The  minister^ 
thus  aware  of  the  strength  and 
desperation  of  the  party  against 
him,  resigned  on  the  morning  of 
the  l6th ;  and  on  the  afternoon  of 
^e  some  day,  his  brother,  the 
ininister  of  finance,  also  tendered 
tiis  resignation.    There  was  Bomi 


difficuky  to  find  indiiaduds  wSr 
inji;  to  accept  of  the  places  of  thoie 
ministers ;  and  it  was  not  till  tbs 
evening  of  the  17th,  that  snecei* 
sors  to  them  were  appointed.  Jose 
Jooquim  Cameiro  Campa^  pnv 
sided  over  the  new  administratioii, 
as  minister  of  foreign  affiuxs  aod 
of  the  intmor;  Caetano  Pinto  de 
Miranda  Montenegro,  had  the  de- 
partment of  Justice ;  Joao  Vieiis 
de  Carvalho,  that  of  war ;  Luis  ds 
Cunha  Moreira,  that  of  the  rnann^ ; 
and  Manoel  Jacinto  Noaieirads 
Gama,  that  of  finance.  The  dis- 
missal of  the  Andradas  was  ac- 
companied, on  the  18th  of  Juhr, 
by  a  prodamation,  in  which  m 
emperor  professed  to  have  been 
guMed  in  his  late  proceeding  Boidy 
by  a  regard  for  public  opinion.* 
Prior  to   this    change   in  tlie 

*  This  proclamation  was  in  thefol' 
lowing  words :— "  Inhabitants  of  Bruit 
—The  constitutional  government  whiA 
does  not  guide  itself  by  public  ofi^ioii, 
or  which  is  ignoruit  or  it,  bMometlht 
scourge  of  humanity.  The  monarch,  wbs 
does  not  know  this  truth,  precipitstti 
himself  into  an  abyss,  and  ms  Idngdom 
or  empire  into  an  ocean  of  mfsfortao^* 
Providence  granted  me  the  knowledge  of 
this  truth;  upon  it  Ifoooded  mysfi' 
teo^,  to  which  I  shall  always  be  M^ 
ful. 

•*  Despotism  and  arWtrary  acts  are  de- 
tested by  roe/  I  lately  gave  yott  a  piwij 
among  many  which  I  have  given  yovk 
We  may  all  be  deceived^  but  moBsrski 
seldom  hear  tht  truths  and  if  they  donoi 
seek  it,  it  never  appears  to  them.  When 
th^y  know  it,  they  ought  to  follow  it;  I 
recognised  it,  and  did  so.  Hence,  though 
at  present  we  have  not  a  constitution  hy 
which  we  are  governed^  yet  we  htm 
bases,  established  by  reason,  wbiA 
must  be  inviolable ;  these  are  the 
sacred  rights  of  persooid  safety,  of  pn>- 
perQr,  and  the  imrnimf  ty  of  the  hofoe  «f 
the  citizen  •  If  they  have  b^en  attacked 
or  violated  hitherto,  it  is  because  your 
emperor  was  ignorant  of  the  exercise  d 
such  arbitrary  and  despotic  acts,  wfaUb 
art  at  all  times  improper^  and  contrary 
t»tlie  qistemwe  haive  embiaoad.^  Be 


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HISTORY    OF   EUROPE. 


[221 


mBiOry,  tiie  deptity  Aranja  l^inda 
badpit^pMed  the  project  of  a  law, 
bf  'whmt  the  decrees  of  the  a»- 
sembfy  skmU  be  executed  by  the 
executive,  even  although  the  em- 
peror Teilised  his  sanction.  This 
piDfectmB  finally  discussed,  and 
<!arned  by  a  considerable  majority, 
on  Ae  29th  of  July.  The  em- 
peror, however,  declared,  that,  not" 
widiitanding  this  vote  <^  the  as- 
sembly, he  would  sanction  and 
execute  sudi  acts  only  as  met  with 
Uf  approbation.  The  assembly, 
611  the  other  hand,  expressed  their 
vcsidiitiBn  to  put  him  to  the  test, 
\ff  prmrine  several  obnoxious  de- 
wees  for  his  signature.  In  this 
Btoation  the  emperor  began  to  be 
veiy  aaiduous  in  his  attentions  to 
the  military ,  in  order  to  secure  their 
asastance  in  defending  his  prerog- 
ative ;  and  in  this  course  he  was 
animated  by  the  accounts  which 
were  received  of  a  counter-revolu* 
lion  having  been  effected  in  Por- 
HigaL  In  the  b^inning  of  August, 
the  general  belief  was,  that  he 
would  attempt  to  establidi  an  abeo- 
hite  veto  by  military  force,  even  at 
Ae  liak  of  dissolving  the  assembly* 
If  the  Andiadas  had  formerly 
Iteeome  obnoxious  to  one  party,  be- 
caoae  th^  were  not  sufficiently 
(lemocratical  in  their  notions,  they 
were  equally  adverse  to  the  course 
which  the  emperor  seemed  now  in- 

jwuredj  they  will  from  thiaday  forward 
be  religiously  maintained.  You  will  live 
■tppy,  secure  in  the  booom  oif  your 
tettliet,  in  the  arms  of  your  tender 
nMoaet,  sqrroiinded  by  your  children* 
Ittmrdless  of  the  incautious  persons  who 
K«  to  call  in  question  any  const! tu- 
ypri  disposition,  it  will  always  appear 
^l^niphaQt,  as  the  sun  dispels  thd 
wdcest  donds.  Depend  on  me  as  I 
depend  on  you,  and  you  will  see  demo- 
«cy  and  despotism  repressed  by  a  just 
nbcf^. 

July  18  it  *rmi  EMPERoa'* 


dhied  to  punue;  and,  along  widt 
the  rest  of  the  oppositim,  in* 
veighed  vehemently  agsinst  th6 
real  or  supposed  politics  of  the 
court.  Shortly  after  the  £smis- 
sicmof  ihe  brothers  from  power; 
two  new  journals,  the  **  Sentindla" 
and  the  "Tamoya/*were  published, 
whidi  laboured  to  vindicate  the 
administration  of  tie  Andradas, 
and  took  eveiy  opportunity  of  nU 
tacking  the  measures  of  the  new 
administration — of  exc^ng  fbel- 
ings  hostile  to  Portugal  and  the 
£urc^)ean  Portugese  settled  in 
the  Braaiis,  and  m  reprobating  tlie 
principle  erf  employing  European 
officers  or  soldiers  in  the  army.  It 
was  generaUy  believed,  that  many 
of  the  articles  in  the  Tamoya  wero 
written  by  Martin  Frandsco  An- 
diada,  and  a  third  brother  Antonio 
Carioe,  both  members  of  the  as<i 
sembly. 

In  the  thirtieth  number  of  the 
Sentinella,  published  on  the  thirdrf 
November,  there  afmeared  a  letter 
under  thesignature  of  ''O  BrasQeiro 
Resohito,''  which,  by  certain  officers 
of  the  horse  artillery,  was  oon^ 
dered  as  an  attack  upon  the  whole 
of  the  captains  of  that  coips.  B^ 
Heving  that  one  DavM  Pamplona, 
an  apothecary^  was  the  author,  two 
of  these  officers,  Europeans,  went 
tohis  shop  on  the  5th,  and  violently 
ataaulted  him. 

On  the  6th,  a  petition  from  the 
apothecary  was  presented  to  the 
assembly,  complaming  of  this  at-* 
tack  by  Europeans  upon  aBraziUan, 
and  ascribiuff  the  whok  transa&« 
tion  to  the  spirit  of  a  party.  Some 
discussion  took  place  upcm  present- 
ing the  petition,  and  ultimately 
the  matter  was  roferred  to*' the 
Commission  of  criminal  justice. 
This  opinicm,  however,  cud  not 
prevail  without  much  opposition ; 
atid  Antonio  Carlos  de  Andrada 


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222]      ANNUAL  REGISTBR,  1633. 


pidpotad  an  funendmeiit  to  Ulft 
eftct  of  remiiring,  oit  aoooimt  of 
the  esMotdmastj  oireusiBlaiices  of 
Bfasil,  that  in  case  the  oflSanden 
dumid  be  oonvicted  of  the  cnme 
imputed  to  diem^  tbey^diotild  be 
bamdied  fnim  the  empire. 

On  Satmday,  the  8th  of  No- 
TembeTf  the  cnminiMnon,'  tepofted 
to  the  ai0embly>>lhat  the  pet^ 
tioner  ought  to  proceed  againat  the 
parties  according  to  law;  (Devia 
usar  OB  meioa  ordinarios.)  The 
more  violent  membera  of  the  a»- 
semUy  opposed  the  report  of  the 
commission,  insisting  that  there 
was  more  in  this  transaction  than 
appeared  at  first  si^t^  and  re- 
oinrinff  diat  the  matter  should  be 
nilly  mscussed  at  the  next  meeting, 
on  Monday,  the  10th.  During 
the  intervfd,  the  opposition  party 
were  not  idle,  and  procured  a  con- 
nderable  number  of  their  friends 
to'  attend  the  discussion.  Every 
part  of  the  House,  assigned  for 
strangers,  was  crowed;  when 
Senor  Aiencar,  one  of  the  members 
f<nr  Pemambuco,  proposed  that  the 
people  should  be  admitted  into  the 
body  of  the  House.  This  was 
aoreedto,  and  presently  the  wfaofe 
of  the  space  behind  the  seats  of 
the  members  was  filled.  The  An- 
dmdasmadeviolents^eeches.  While 
Martin  Francisco  was  ^peaking,  a 
person  immediately  behind  him, 
supposed  to  be  an  European,  et- 
di^ed — ^  Hold  your  tongue,  you 
fooir  This  caused  the  utaiost 
conlbsion ;  the  president  rose,  and 
dedared  the  session  finished  at  a 
qtiuter  past  one  in  the  afternoon, 
which  was  an  hour  earlier  than 
the  usual  time.  Wbile  these 
matters  were  transacting  in  the 
assembly,  several  c^  the  members, 
dreading  the  result,  retired. 

The  emperor,  being  aware  that 
the  sitting  would  be  stormy,  had 


come' to  the  lilty,  and  retiMuMd,  da^ 
ring  the  debate,  in  the  pdaie 
There  he  received  the  resi^Mtioifc 
of  his  ministers,  with  theexceptieft' 
of  the  minister  c€  marine ;  aid  » 
new  mimstsy  was  named,  composel 
of  Frandsoo  Villek  Baxbosa,  for 
the  home  and  fbrogn  afimr 
Clemente  Ferreika  Franca,  fer  ju^ 
tioe;  Sebe8tia5  Luis  Tinoco,  ftr 
finaMer'Jose  iTOIheirar  IkHbasSi 
fcr  the  war  department  ^  and  Lob 
da  Cunha  Moneira,  for  the  maims. 
In  the  afternoon  of  the  same  dty,% 
number  of  the  oflkers  of  the  in 
tilloy  (Europeans)  went  in  abo^ 
to  the  emperor,  ai^  demanded  M- 
tisfaction  for  the  alleged  insults 
ofieredto  them  by  the  Senlaneibt 
and  the  Tamoya.  During  the 
evening,  the  emperor  ordered  the 
whole  of  the  troops  under  snns, 
and  marched  them  to  St  Cliri^ 
tovao,  where  he  commanded  iheat 
in  person. 

Every  one  looked  with  anxiety 
to  the  deliberations  of  the  senkmr 
of  the  nth.  A  message  on  tM 
day  was  received  from  the  empe* 
ror,  informing  the  assembly  that 
the  officers  of  the  army  regmieft 
satisfaction  for  the  insults  omnred 
to  them  by  certain  public  journ^ 
and  desiring  the  assembly  to  take 
Uie  subject  into  consideratioe. 
Upon  this,  Antonio  Carlos  de  Ain 
diuda  Madiado  proposed  tM  ^ 
assembly  should  declare  their  sit- 
tings permanent;  that  a  deputa- 
tion should  be  appointed  to  requite 
from  the  government  an  expuuis- 
tion  of  the  motives  for  caBlng  out 
the  military;  and  that  in  the  mesn 
time  the  message  of  the  emp^pr 
should  be  remitted  to  a  commissidn 
of  five  members.  The  proposal  wis 
agreed  to. 

The  deputation  returned  wim 
an  answer  from  the  eovcmment. 
informing-  the  assommy,  that,  ia 


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HISTORY  OF  lEUROPE. 


oDfutquenee  of  eert»m  violent  pro* 
eeedings  which  had:  taken  ^ace^ 
the  esiperor  had  deemed  it  prudent 
to  withdraw  the  tfoofs  mm  the 
town,  80  aa  U>  allow  the  aaiemhly  to 
1  in  their  diacnsnoni  without 


uHecruption. 

About  two  o'clock^  thorwroia 
lion  reported  to  the  aaaembl j>  that 
theHouieouf^  to  lequke  fiom 
thegoTenunent information  as  to 
the  number  of  officers  who  coab* 
Iilaiofid^Aid  the  names  of  the  jour^ 
na)s  referred  to.  The  report  was 
flfpnuve^y  and  two  of  the  seeretariea 
vcoe  appointed  to  present  it  to  the 
epipBioi:. 

.  The  sesnon  remained  in  the 
mean:  time  peniianent;  and  it  was 
iiot  till  Q^ly  on  the  morning  of  the 
idth,  that  the  fiiUowing  message 
was  received  &om  the  government : 
T-Tbat  as  to  the  officers,  the j  were 
A  body  lepreaenting  4ie  whole ; 
that  the  Tamoya  and  the  Sentinella 
mom  the  pubUcations  complained 
of;  that  the  three  Andradas 
were  accused  as  ■  the  editcnrs  o£ 
lhe^rBt»  and  assistants  to  the  edir 
tor  of  the  second;  and  generally 
that  these,  individuals  were  tl^ 
^ue&  of  a  seditious  party  in  the 


It  was  then  proposed  and  agreed 
tp,  that  this  me^Rage  should  &  re- 
ndtted  to  a  meoiar  commissbn  to 
ie  qamed.  At  eiffht  o'dock,  An- 
tomo  Caclo^  Andrada  Machado 
poposed,  that  the  minister  of  the 
mtenor  Aould  be  called,  which  was 
afproved.of.  About  IQ  o'clock,  the 
sanister  ap]geaied,  and«wbmittii^ 
to  eamminatkai,  dedareA,  that  the 
assembling  of  the  troops  at  St, 
Christoyao  was  to  avoid  commo- 
tions in  the  capital,  and  to  preserve 
the  subordination  of  the  army; 
jthat  he  did  not  know  the  number 
pf  jthe  officers  who  complained,  but 
th^  were  numerous ;    that  the 


die 
of  the  Andiadas  ttom  the  House ; 
that  he  had  advised  the  en^exionr  of 
the  impracticafaility  of  audi  %  mee- 
sore ;  that  he  conceived  it  would 
not  be  porudent  to  move  the  troops 
from  the  encampmfiQt,  until  theaa^ 
sssablf  had  decided  upon  the  mea- 
sures to  be  taken ;  tlmt  the  empe- 
ror had  not  issued  any  orders  to  the 
minister  of  ^istice,  reb^ecting  the 
apprehcnaon <tf  the  editors^  the 
journals,  but  he  had  given  direo* 
tions  tot  proceedinp^  agttnst  the 
persons  coneemed  m  uie  attack 
on  die  apothecary* 

A  motion,  made  by  the  degmlsf 
Montesuma,  that  the  intsRogate- 
ries  and  answers  of  the  minister  of 
the  interior  should  be  remitted  to 
the  qpedal  commission^  was,  after 
considerable  discussion,  approved 
of:  and,  in  the  mean  time,  the  de- 
puties, not  considering  themselves 
sufficiently  informed,  ordered  the 
new  minister  of  war  to  be  sum- 
moned, in  ordar  that  he,  too,  might 
be  interrosated.  They  also  pro- 
ceeded to  discuss  a  law,  the  effect 
of  which  was,  to  order  that  the 
Eur(^)ean  Portuf^uese  and  other 
fbreigners,  bdongmg  to  the  militarjr 
corps  assembled  at  St  Quistovao, 
should  withdraw  into  the  interior, 
to  the  distance  of  at  least  six  leagues 
from  theca{ntaL 

While  the  commission  were  pre- 
paring their  r^ort,  intdlioenoe 
was  received,  that,  hy  the  order  of 
his  majesty,  the  troops  at  St.  Chris- 
tovao  were  on  their  march  to 
town  in  two  columns.  About  one 
o'clock  a  military  officer  arrived 
with  an  ogen  fopex  from  the  em- 
peror, to  be  ddiveared  to  theassem- 
ply,  which  was  reoeivedet  the  door 
(rf'the  House'^  two  of  the  secreta- 
ries, and>  beinff  read,  proved  to  be 
A  decree  disscdving  the  Congress. 
,The  House  was  now  surrounded  by 


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824]     ANHUAL  REGI&TBB,    1823. 


tW  naiktoxft  and  aftor  a  oogsr  of 
the  decree  wBi  taJoBii^  the  memben 
ouiBtlj  retired  ;  but  in  goiiig  out, 
Antoiiio  Cados  Andrada  de  Ma^ 
diadoy  Maitm  Fiaiicisoa  R9kuw 
de  Aadaada^  Jose  Joa^im  da 
Bixha,  FiawciMO  Qk  Aca^afaa 
Montesuma,  and  Nioolau  Pexxeiza 
de  Campos  VergueiiQiy  were  made 
|dflOBeia  In  the  afitamoon  Joai 
ocmi&cio  d'Andiada  de  Sihta  and 
Belchiar  Pinheiro  de  OHvein, 
who-  had  previous^  zetised  £roni 
the  House,  were  aba  made  prU 
aonerB^  along  with  aeveral  indi^ 
viduals  of  less  note;,  ths  whole 
wece  seat  in  die  evening  to  the 
priaoa  of  the  Laga^  aonudl  fiirt 
Imilt  upon  a  rook  at  the  entraaoe 
of  the  harbour 

After  these  scenes  wexs  condu* 
ded»  the  eniperor,  accompanied  b^ 
his  stafl^  paracfefi  the  piincipal 
streets  on  horaebaek ;  andwas  te>^ 
coved  with  acclamations  bjr  the 
lower  part  of  the  populace. 

Jn  the  evening  there  was  an 
cqiera  annpunced ;  but  although 
Ar  house  wasfull^  t^iere  were  very 
few  respectable  families  present 
The  audience  was  oomposeddnefly 
9f  the  meanest  of  the  European 
Portuguese.  At  night,  there  was 
a  oniaal  illumination. 

In  the  midst  of  tiieae  haxardoos 
measures^  the  councils  of  don 
Pedro  were  disbneted  bgr  the  if^ant 
of  union  among  his  advisers.  Th^ 
ministry,  nam^  on  the  10th,  was 
composed  only  of  Brazilians ;  and 
two  of  diem  refused  to  sign  die 
decree  £ot  dissolving  the  assemUy* 
When^hat  meai^iue  was,  notwith^ 
siuding,  persevered  in  and  carried 
by  dM  s^niiture  of  the  ministers 
of  justiee  and  the  war  department, 
thi^  iamiediately  tendered  thesr 
xerij^nation%  whmh  were  accepted; 
sad  it  was  not  till  the  Uth,  when 
die  minister  at  war  also  rengned. 


that  the  fottswingi 
was  fanned  .v^Pedio  de  Arai^ 
lima,  for  the  interaor ;  Lois  Joie 
de  CarvaUo  e  AfeDo,  for  finrifi 
aiain;  FianciseoVilldaBarbon, 
for  the  war  dqpaxtiaent^  Pedro 
Joze  da  Costa  Barros,  &r  the  auk 
rina;  Don.  Mariano  Jotfe  da  Fon- 
eeoa,  &r  finance;  and  Clemcate 
Eemexra  Franca,  for  the  depart* 
meat  of  justice*    To  these  wsit 
added  four  eouaciUsn  of  slate** 
Antonio  Luis  Peneiro  da  Cuiih% 
ManoelJaciata  Nogaekada  Qaio^ 
Jose  Jeaynn  ■  Carnriro  de  Cvasgff^ 
and  Baiaade  Santo  Amaio.    E^ 
this  administration  did  not  laig 
eontiane  entu%  for  on  the  l6th 
the  ministers  of.  the  intenor  sad 
marine  gave  ia  their  resigpatiniai 
vnon  wmch  the  minister  at  wii^ 
EianciflCo    VOlela.  Barbosa,  w« 
moved  to  the  marine  departmentj 
and  Joao   Severiaao    Macoal  ds 
Costa  and  Joa5  Gomea  da  Silveitt 
Mendonca  appointed,  the  fatmesr  ts 
the  interior,  and  thus  latter  to  the 
war  department. 

On  the  13th,  the  emperor  ^ob* 
hshed  the  following  proclamatmn 

"  I,  Dob  Pedro,  &c^— Having 
convoked,  as  i  hava-a  li^  to  d^ 
the  general  constituent  and  le(^ 
lotive  assembiy,  bj  llie  decrea  of 
d»  3rd  of  Jnae  la«t  jear^  in^crds^ 
to  savaBiasil  fruna  ike  imnnafiiit 
dancer  with  which  she  was  thifat* 
ened;  and  that  assembly  haviag 
perjiued  itself  by  violating  te 
oath  solemnly  made  to  the  vMSMt 
to  defend  the  integrity  o£  the  efli* 
pa»,  its  ind^peaaenoBy  and'  nf 
i^nasty. ;.  Ihave  ihou^  proper  to 

dissolve  the  said  assemUyv  s^  ^ 
oesnnDke  another,  anording  to  die 
ndeB  laid  down  for  the  oonvocstte 
of  that  which  liaa  now  ceased  td 
exist  lliiS'  nasv  assembly  wSl 
have  todelibecata-cxk  the  plan  of  a 
eonstitutioa^whieh  I  inteod^shoi^r 


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HISTORY  OF  EUROTPE. 


[226 


to  preflent  to  it,  and  which  wil!  he 
•  infinitely  more  liberal  than  that 
Which  was  approved  by  the  late 
iuueuibly.  My  Mimiifers  and  se- 
nretaYief}  of  state,  m  dl  the  different 
depaTtments,  have  received  the  re- 
ffOifOte  instructions,  which  they  will 
€Sirfy  into  execution  for  the  welfare 
of  the  empire." 

This  was  foflowed  on  the 
10th,  by  a  long  manii^o,  in 
wHkh  Ms  majesty  vindicated  his 
late  proceedings.  Apprehensions 
were  entertained  of  the  effects 
wkieh  might  be  produced  in  the 
provinces  hy  vague  intelligence  of 
tlie  rrcnts  in  the  capital.  The 
posts  therefbre  were  stopped ;  and 
on  the  14«th,  an  embargo  was  laid 
km  the  shipping  in  the  harbour  of 
Rk),  which  continued  till  the  21  st 
On  that  day  the  Laconia  transport, 
dn  hoard  of  which  the  six  arrested 
deputies  and  their  families  had 
been  placed,  sailed  with  sealed  or- 
ileps  not  to  be  opened  till  her  ar- 
ifval  in  a  certain  latitude.  As  the 
vessel  had  been  supplied  with  pro- 
rbaans  for  five  months^  her  desti- 
nation, though  given  out  to  be 
Havre  de  Grace,  was  generally 
supposed  to  be  some  far  more  dis- 
tant port ;  and  conjecture  pointed 
at  thatofGoa,  In  the  East  Indies. 
'Hie  departure  of  the  democratic 
members  was  followed  by  a  pro- 
ddmation  from  the  minister  gf  po- 
Bee,  affixed  in  all  the  public  streets, 
ofiMng  a  reward  of  400  milreas 
(about  100/.)  to  any  person,  who 
would  enable  him  to  prosecute  to 
conviction  the  authors  of  certain 
placards  reflecting  on  the  recent 
conduct  of  the  government ;  offer- 
ing, at  the  same  time,  to  conceal 
the  names  of  the  informers,  and 
to  observe  strict  secrecy  in  the 
pKteecution.  This  proclamation 
struck  more  alarm  into  the  inhabi- 
tants, than  any  other  act  of  the 

Vol-  LXV. 


emperor;  for,  in  a  country  where 
for  a  small  bribe  persons  could  be 
found  ready  to  8%vear  any  thing, 
no  one  felt  himself  secure  against 
a  secret  prosecution.  On  the  day 
after  this  proclamation,  the  only 
journal,  which  remained  in  oppo- 
sition to  the  government,  gave 
notice,  that  the  publication  could 
no  longer  be  continued.  It  was  not 
till  the  25th,  that  the  troops  arrived 
from  the  cantonments  at  St.  Chris- 
tovao,  in  which  they  had  been 
placed  by  the  emperor's  order. 

The  subsequent  conduct  of  the 
emperor  showed,  that  the  two 
charges  which  had  been  brought 
against  him— of  his  aiming  at  des- 
potic power,  and  of  his  being  in- 
clined to  promote  an  union  with 
Portugal — were  alike  groundless. 
Itnmediately  after  the  violent  disso* 
lution  of  the  congress,  certain 
bases  for  a  fundamental  law  of  the 
monarehy  were  presented  in  his 
name  to  the  council  of  state;  and 
on  the  1 1  th  of  December,  that  body, 
with  his  approbation,  promulgated 
the  project  of  a  constitution,  which* 
though  far  from  perfect,  was  blame- 
able,  rather  as  leaning  too  much 
to  popular  forms  and  powers,  than 
as  leaving  the  prerogative  too 
unrestrained.  It  borrowed  some- 
thing or  other  from  almost  every 
species  of  constitutional  experi- 
ment or  theory  that  had  been 
heard  of  in  the  Brazils^  sometimes 
from  the  system  of  the  rights  of 
iflan  ;  sometimes  from  the  French 
charter ;  sometimes  from  the  Eng- 
lish constitution;  and  sometimes 
from  that  of  the  Spanish  Cortes. 
The  indirect  or  parochial  and  pro- 
vincial elections  were  from  the 
latter  source — and  the  age  of  40, 
prescribed  for  the  senators,  was 
adopted  from  the  example  of  the 
French  chamber  of  deputies*  [^Fide 
Public  Documents,  p,  175*"|. 


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aM]    ANNUAL  Ripai,«TEB.   1823. 


Q^  tibe  I7th  of  Deoeiob^>  du^ 

pi^ject  was,  hy  a  rojral  order,  sulv 
miued  to  the  municipal  body  of  the 
capital;  in  order  that  thoy  mi^t 
make  their  remarks  upon  it  Oa 
the  22nd«  the  municipal  senate  signi* 
fiedbva  pvoclamation  to  the  public^ 
that,  having  examined  the  scheme 
of  the  constitution,  drawn  up  by  the 
council  of  statCj  on  the  basis  ofierod 
by  the  emperor,  they  had  im>  ob» 
servations  to  make  upon  it ;  th^ 
the  project  was  a  proof  of  the 
liberal  views  of  his  m^esty,  and 
of  his  humanity ;  and*  considering 
that  a  new  assembly  could  do  no 
more  than  accept  this  poject,  and 
that  it  was  of  die  highest  imports 
anoe  to  avoid  the  delay,  which 
would  ensue  from  waiting  fcnr  the 
acceptance  of  the  constitution  by  a 
new  assembly^  the  senate  had 
therefore  resolved  to  collect  the  go* 
neral  sentiments  of  the  citizens,  by 
inviting  them,  without  any  con« 
stroint,  to  sign  their  opinion  in 
two  books  prepared  for  the  pur- 
pose—-one  fur  those  who  approved, 
the  other  for  those  who  disapproved 
the  project  The  books  were  to 
remain  open  for  12  days ;  by  which 
time,  the  senate,  knowing  the  g^ 
nend  opinion,  would  be  able  to 
petition  his  majesty  in  the  name  of 
the  people,  to  put  the  scheme  in 
force  as  the  ccmstitution  of  the  em- 
pire, and  convoke  the  assembly  in 
the  form  prescribe  by  this  project, 
which  should  remain  the  political 
constitution  of  the  empire  of  Bra* 

At  Bahia,  on  the  arrival  of  in- 
telligence of  the  events  at  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  a  protest  was  prepared 
and  signed  oy  several  indi\'iduals, 
expressive  of  their  disapprobation 
of  the  empepor*s  conduct  in  dissolv- 
ing the  legislative  assembly.  On 
the  1 7th,  however,  a  general  meet- 
ing of  the  principal  persons  in  Ba- 


hia \m  hfild  a^.the  mvU6vo.ii 
the  govemmenty  to  conader  wbst 
steps  oughl  to  be  taken,  but  vth 
thing  occurred*  escept  the  pasaog  a 
retohition  to  consider  that  nroteat 
as  null  and  yoid.   Those,  who  had 
sidled  it,  addressed  the  meetma^ 
principally  with  the  view  of  excul- 
pating themselves  for  having  don? 
v^  by  alleging  that  thoy  were  not 
aware,  at  Uie  time,  of  the  real  sUtff 
of  the  case.  Upon  the  whole,  dierc 
appeared  toba  a^nenddispo^tifui 
to  be  satisfied  with  the  conduct  ot 
don  Pedro* 

At  Pemambuco,  measures  weu? 
taken,  in  the  monUi  ol  Decombef^ 
for  executing  the  decree  fur  Urn 
cxpulsiim  of  those  Portugueae  whq 
had  not  taken  the  oath  of  sH^ 
rence  to  the  Brazilian  govera^ 
ment,  and  a  ship  waa  prepsj^ed  fat 
tlieir  conveyance  to  Europe* 

The  insubordination  i^  the  S(»» 
(Uers,  and  the  prevailing  jealoimr 
against  Europeans,  made  Paratk 
scene  of  melancholy  events.    0» 
the  night  of  the  13th  of  Novem- 
ber, the  troc^  be^t  to  anas,  wi 
declared   their    determination   \o 
expel  or  murder  every  Portugwn* 
in  the  place.    They  commenced  I7 
taking  possessions  of  the  forts,  bar* 
racks,  and  depositories  of  arms  aq^ 
artillery ;  they  then  armed  all  vhP 
joined  them,  broke  open  the  taveW 
and  shops  of  the  Eun^>ean8>  flfd 
marctied  through   the  town  witb 
fixed  bayonets,  colling  cfiii^"  Dead 
to  the  Europeans  I  long  live  indfi- 
oendence  and  the  emperor  PedraT 
Having  reached  the  palace  of  tbc 
^vemment,  they  dopoar*^  the  pit- 
sident,  and  elected  another  of  tbeir 
own  dioice— «  jiriest  well  known 
for  his  hatred  to  the  Portuguef^ 
They    then  demanded     the  pio- 
scription  of  nearly  aU  the  govern- 
ment officers,  and  the  confis^sition 
of  their  property  ;  the   whole  of 


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imiVORY  OF  EUROPE. 


pSf. 


lin  ied  to  the  eountiy  <tar  on  bond 
Mp;  Att  htmMs  and  shopB  were 
fltot  npk  and  no  penons  were 
seen  m  the  atieeta,  but  these  nif« 
lfaaw»  with  bhidgeons,  and  ewotda^ 
in  small  flsngs^  pillaging,  fightinr 

caiicr,andlnH)ctingdownevery  Poiw^ 
toguese  whom  thej  met.  Theykont 
pomession  of  the  town  ^  the  15th; 
wten  oapt  GrenMl>  of  a  brig  of 
of  lord  Goehrane's  Braawan 
landed,  with  40  cv  50 
^mostly  English,  and  having 
gotten  pessfession  oi  the  reposkory 
of  arnia  by  aorprise,  despatched 
tiienee  a  detachment  of  English 
jMUon  against  a  stoon^  body  (^  the 
iiDtEn,  who  were  robbmg  two  laxge 
atoies.  After  a  sharp  contest,  tSe 
flBilors  obliged  them  to  fly,  having 
lulled  five  or  six,  wounded  sixteen 
or  eighteen,  and  taken  about  forty 
o^€i^  orisoners.  The  greater  part 
of  theacttdiersthen  retired.  Eariyin 
the  nniming  of  the  l6th,  oaptoin 
OvenfiiU  sent  round  to  invite  the 
intaihittnfs  to  meet  at  the  Train, 
(or  tepoiitory  of  arms),  where  they 
sH  saoenred  anus  and  ammumtion. 
'n»uo  veluttteers  bemg  arrayed 
atkaigwitb  the  militia,  and  sup- 
]pQsrted  by  ei^t  pieces  of  artillery 
mnwwffl  by  'Engnshmen,  the  sol- 
diers were  ordered  to  lay  down 
itUa  arms  in  their  quarters,  and 
iurreidm  themselves  prisoners. 
Contrary  to  general  enectation, 
tiny  iaimediately  comjuied  with 
tUs  requisition,  and  were  marched 
bet^eentwo  ccAnins  of  volunteers, 
w  the  Pdatexsquare,  headed  and 
teskad  by  volunteers,  artSlleiy,  dnd 
latHtta.  There  tiiey  were  ranged 
in  a  edumn,  with  the  militia  in 
front  of  them,  and  the  loaded  ar- 
iBUty  bdbing  upon  them,  to  fire 
kiitandy,  should  they  resist  the 
sentences  abtat  to  be  passed.   Soon 


aAeii  a  body  ti  eaftdqr,  40  M  50 
stesng,  vAo  hid  not  yet  surmi* 
^redf  galloped  up  with  an  intenti 
Im  to  charge  and  throw  the  in«* 
&ntry  into  eonfusiott,  that  their 
oomrades  migiht  esca^pe  t  but  aaeing 
two  pieces  of  artillery  pointd 
against  them;  they  diew  up,  and 
sunendered.  Tliere  were  now 
500  unarmed  men  on  the  grounds 
Every  thing  was  as  StUl  as  deadi. 
A  council  «  war  was  held  befbiw 
the  Palace,  and  it  vras  determined 
that  five  of  the  ringleaders  should 
saScT  instant  military  execution. 
The  Serjeant  who  commanded  the 
cavalry,  a  notorious  character,  one 
of  the  heads  of  the  rebellion,  and  a 
reputed  murderer,  was  selected  as 
ilie  first  to  suffer.  He,  at  first, 
conceived  the  whde  to  be  a  joke, 
but  finding  the  case  desperate,  he 
only  bulged  to  be  confessed,  and 
allowed  five  minutes  for  this  duty. 
He  knelt  down  at  the  month  of  a 
gun,  with  a  priest  at  his  side.  The 
moment  the  time  had  expired,  he 
was  taken  to  the  firont  and  shot  by 
a  file  of  soldiers.  The  four  odieis 
were  then  brought  out  and  dis- 
patched in  the  same  way.  About 
150  of  the  known  rioters  were 
then  picked  from  the  ranks,  and 
sent  to  prison ;  whence,  with 
about  100  others,  detected  in  rolK 
bing,  or  receiving  stolen  goods, 
they  were  next  day  sent  on  board 
a  prize-ship,  in  the  harbour.  The 
remainder  of  the  troops  were,  after 
a  severe  reprimand,  ordered  to  their 
quarters.* 

*Tbe  seqael  of  this  borrid  traoMC- 
tioQ  was  gtill  more  horrid :  It  took  place 
on  board  of  the  priaoD^sbip,  which  con- 
taiaed  about  956  individuals.  Aboat 
nilMt  OD  the  night  of  the  Idtb,  the  sea- 
tiaek  on  deck  fa^rd  a  mat  noiae  belew» 
and  repeatedly  ordered  quietnefs,  iHth* 
out  eflfeci.  In  a  short  time,  fiAding  the 
prisonen  were  forcing  the  batches,  they 
immediately  Bred  OAt  or  tiro  vcdleys 


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888]     ANNUAL  REGISTEIl,-1823. 


The  expedidcm^  wliich1iadl»eii 
fitted  out  firom  Lbkaa  in  the  au- 
tomn  of  1822,  for  the  rdief  of 
Bfthioy  arriTed  in  that  port  on  the 
30tli  of  October.  As  soon  as  Uie 
troops  landed,  general  Mad^ixa 
prepared  an  atti^  on  the  head- 
quarters of  general  lAhatut;  for 
vhidi  porpose  a  hody  ai  about 
400  men  embarked  at  Bahia,  and 
attacked  the  BraxUians  at  Cabrito, 
whOe  anodier  detachment  of  equal 
foree  marched  by  land  to  Pira^ 


ftmoDg  them,  after  which,  every  thing 
was  quiet.  In  the  morning,  they  took 
off  the  hatches,  to  remove  me  dead,  and 
they  found  only  /onr  out  of  the  256 
alive !  The  pUux  presented  a  most  appal- 
ling spectacle  of  Ucerated  and  mangled 
bocues.  Some  had  their  eyes  thrust  out : 
the  tongrues  of  some  hung  out  of  their 
mouths  :  others  had  their  ribs  driven 
in ;  othen,  their  months  torn  from  ear 
to  ear.  Some  were  hanging  by  their 
hammock-strings  by  the  neck ;  others 
by  their  middle,  with  their  heads  down ; 
and  some  had  undergone  mutilation  too 
horrible  to  be  described.  It  appears 
the  carnage  ooomiemeed  by  a  party  of 
them  wishing  to  murder  all  the  Euro- 
peans, who  were  their  fellow  prisoners 
faboutlOor  12  in  number) ;  being  in 
the  dark,  they  dispatched  many  who 
were  not  Europeans,  which  excited  ill 
blood  (a).  They  did  not,  morever,  all 
agree  upon  escaping  by  force,  which  in- 
creased the  animosity  amongst  them, 
and  a  mutual  massacre  of  the  most 
savage  nature  commenced ;  for  they  had 
no  edged  weapons,  nor  any  thing  bnt 
their  hands  and  their  hammock-rofies. 
They  were  all  naked,  their  clothes  being 
torn  fipom  their  backs.  They  had 
piled  up  the  dead  bodies  under  the 
iiatcfaes,  to  form  a  kind  of  platform  to 
enable  them  to  reach  the  gimtings ;  and 
most  of  these  were  bodies  of  Europeans. 
About  20  were  killed  by  the  discharges 
of  musketiT.  The  four,  who  were  found 
alive,  had  bidden  themselves  under  the 
water-casks  at  the  commencement  of 
the  Oray,  and  had  not  suflbred  in 
health. 

(a)  Other  accotmts  suppose,  that  they 
had  destroved  each  other  In  a  fltof  in* 
mi^  or  desperation, 


The  resnlt  of  theb  joint  atlKk,  a6> 
oordinff  to  Madeira's  aoeoont,  was, 
the  d^eat  of  the  BramliaBs,  wiih 
the  loss  of  250  men  and  five  field- 
pieces.  TheBras]]ians,ontheoon» 
trary,  asserted,  that  their  advanced 
posU  at  first  retired  in  good  order, 
kavii^  a  few  pieces  of  ortiUay 
behind  them;  that*  onarrifii^flt 
the  main  body,  intrenched  on  a  bill 
oommanded  by  some  artillery,  diey 
made  a  vigorous  stand,  and  xe« 
pulsed  tiie  Portuguese  in  Uine 
suooessiTe  attacks,  with  oQni|dcr» 
able  loss;  that  the  Bcaailian% 
having  now  broug^  up  some  ad^ 
ditaonal  pieces  of  artillery,  oUiged 
the  enemy  to  fiy  into  ^  tows 
widi  sudi  precipitation,  that  they 
left  behind  them  the  field-pieces 
which  they  had  taken  i»themoni« 
ing,  besides  two  of  their  own; 
and  that  theBrasiliansimmediatdy 
advanced  nearer  to  the  town.    ' 

Many  skirmidies  fdkwei 
which  produced  no  importsntre' 
suit  On  the  7th  of  Janmucy, 
Madeira  made  an  attack  on  the 
island  of  Taporica.  Hisforcecon- 
sisted  of  1,500  men,  on  booid  « 
two  brigs,  20  gun^boats,  and  sonic 
smacks,  all  provided  with  guns  a 
considerate  calibre.  The  asvuk 
histed  five  hours,  and  eidedin  bis 
bmng  compelled  to  retire  with* 
loss  of  200  men. 

In  February,  theBraailians  made 
a  vigorous  attack  on  the  lefk  ^"^^fj 
the  Pmtuguese,  but  were  wi*^^ 
with  c^nSderable  slaughter  tfw 
dislodged  fiom  their  positions.  The 
indqiendents,  dissatisfied  with  we 
reputed  failures  of  their  genw 
Labatut,  deposed  and  arrested  bna. 
On  the  2nd  of  May,  colonel  J.  Jj 
de  Limae  Silvatook  theotmnnww 
of  the  besiraing  troops. 

Though  Madeira  had  a  force 
capable  of  repelling  assault,  ^ 
situation  was  becoming  every  mf 


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HISTORT  OF  EVROPB. 


tm 


ttoie  embflRBSsecL  On  the  14t]i 
d  December^  18i2,  he  had  under 
him  4^1  troops  of  the  line^  and 
4^74  mililaa.  On  the  14th  of 
Febnimy^  hia  strength  was  reduced 
to  4,222  troops  of  the  line,  and 
3,851  militia,  forming  a  total  of 
Sfi73.  Thus,  in  the  course  of  two 
manths,  the  miHtia  lost  523  men, 
nearly  all  by  desertions.  Thesick 
of  the  troops  of  the  line,  alone,  in 
^  ho^tals  and  quarters,  amount- 
ed to  739.  And  the  difficulty  of 
proeurixi^  supplies  fmn  without, 
nuareased  every  day. 

In  proportiim  as  affiiirs  seemed 
to  be  drawing  to  a  crisis,  Madeira 
icted  with  augmented  ti^our.  He 
took  into  his  own  hands  Uie  whole 
civil  miUiority,  and  made  active 
preparations  for  defending  the  city 
to  the  last  extremity.  He  subject- 
ed the  inhabitants  to  martial  law, 
and,  provisions  having  become  ex- 
tronwy  scarce,  'compelled  the 
women,  children,  and  all  persons 
incapable  of  bearing  arms^  to  quit 
the  city.  The  excluded  popula- 
tion having  been  refuseda  convey- 
ance from  St.  Salvador's  by  Sea, 
wore  forced  to  go  in  the  direction 
of  the  interior;  but  there  being 
BO  place  of  reAige  within  a  consi- 
dmMe  distance,  and  most  of  them 
beii^  ill-provided  with  necessaries 
for^  the  journey,  great  numbers 
perished  by  the  way,  (rf  fat^ue 
and  hunger. 

While  Madeira  was  thus  arrang- 
ing hisphms for  the  effectual  de- 
ftnoe  or  his  post,  an  indiscreetex- 
ertaon  of  his  power  increased  his 
danger.  On  the  20th  of  May,  he 
ittued  an  order  for  the  removal  of 
Jem  Felix,  the  Portuguese  ad- 
minJ,  on  tbe  ground  of  incompe- 
tency,  from  the  command  of  the 
navy.  The  sailors,  however,  who 
were  much  attached  to  him,  muti- 
vMj  tlieiAniidGoatinuediahis 


eommand,  in  despite  of  Madeira, 
and  on  the  25th  mit  to  sea  with 
his  whole  fleet.  Before  sailings 
he  despatched  a  letter  to  Madeira^ 
in  which  he  informed  him,  diat» 
a&cted  by  the  state  of  severe  pri- 
vaticm  to  which  Bahia  had  been, 
reduced,  and  convinced  of  the  ul- 
timate impossibility  of  preserving 
the  province  for  Portugal,  he  vrm 
resolved  not  to  .  eo<4>perate  any 
lonffer  in  that  object— 4hat  he  in^ 
tended  puttins  to  sea  for  »  cruise 
of  ten  days,  which  period  he  would 
allow  to  the  governor  for  delibera- 
tion ;  but  that,  if  on  his  return  he 
was  not  prepared  to  embark  with, 
the  troops  under  his  command,  he 
should  cease  to  act  with  bun,  and 
should  pursue  for  himself,  that 
course,  which  appeared,  under  the 
Qurcumstances,  to  be  most  advisable. 
.  At  last,  Madeira  found,  that, 
by  the  end  of  June,  die  provisions 
remaining  would  be  adequate  to 
little  more  than  30  days  consump* 
tion;  which  would  scarcely  be  sufo 
flcient  for  the  voyage  to  Europe. 
He  caused  all  the  troops,  subjects, 
stores,  and  property  of  Portu^, 
to  be  embarked  on  board  thc.ships 
in  the  harbour:  and  at  upon  an 
the  2nd  of  July,  the  fleet  and  the 
merchant  ships,  consisting  of  up« 
wards  of  ninety  sail,  got  under, 
weigh  for  Lisbon.  The  city  was 
immediately  oociqued  by  Silva's 
forces. 

Lord  G)chrane,  who  had  entered 
with  the  approbation  of  the  Chilian 
government,  into  the  service  of 
don  Pedn),  had  taken  the  oom« 
mand  of  the  Brazilian  fleet,  in  the 
month  of  March :  and  with  a  small 
squadron  was  off  the  harbour  of 
Bahia,  at  the  moment  when  Ma- 
deira set  sail.  The  Portuguese 
force,  consisting  of  thirteen  ships 
of  war,  besides  numerous  armed 
neixhiaitoxnepa  was  too  ^xq9§  tQ 


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$30].    ANlltJAL   REGISTER^  1823. 


he  attacked  hy  an  armament  so 
ihoonsiderable  as  his.  But  he 
watched  and  followed  them :  and 
hj  skilful  manoeuvres^  succeeded 
in  making  several  captures*  More 
than  twenty  of  them^  it  is  said, 
fcQ  into  his  hands. 
'  Monte  Video  also  surrendered 
IB  the  course  of  the  year  to  the 
BrasiHans:  so  that  Portugal  no 
bogei'  possessed  a  single  station  in 
South  America. 

On  ^e  6tli  of  Sentember,  the 
eervette  called  the  Voador  wiUi 
two  Portugese  commissionerSy  the 
count  de  Rio  Maior  and  don  Fran- 
dsco  Jose  Vieira,  late  minister  of 
Bnuiil,  arrived  at  Rio  de  Janeiro, 
to  announce  the  restoration  of  the 
king  of  Portugal,  to  his  former 
power.  The  Voador,  with  the 
cotnmissionera  on  board,  entered 
the  luffbour  under  Portuguese  co- 
lours, and  without  hoisting  a  flag 
df  truce.  SSie  fired  a  roy^l  salute, 
wkibh  was  not  returned.  Soon 
after,  an  intimation  was  sent  on 
board,  that  no  person  wouH  be  per- 
mitted to  hum:  the  rudder  was 
unddpped  and  deposited  in  the  aiv 
snal;  ^e  corvette  was  laid  up 
under  the  guns  of  the  batteries; 
and  the  government  treated  her 
in  eveyy  respect  as  a  prije.  The 
cemmimnoiiers,  not  bang  Me  to 
declare  that  they  had  auUiority  to 
recognize  the  independence  of  Bra- 
zil in  the  first  instance,  were  not 
aHowed  to  n^ociate  en  any  other 
pent,  tod  were  immediatdy  sent 
back  to  Europe  in  the  Portuguese 
hnz  of  war  treire  de  Mah. 

From  a  statement  dp  the  finances, 
wllidi  was  laid  before  the  eongress 
ott  the  96lh  of  September,  the  ex- 
chequer of  Biraail  appeared  to  bo 
in  no  very  flonri^iing  state.  The 
esiimatod  or^Knary  revenue  for  the 
hatf  year  was  l,7ff?,000  mttreas  ; 
a»d  tfi»  opettdilim  ler  Oio  0a»» 


time  was  expected  to  exceed  tUs 
sum  by  900,000  miheas.     The 
debt  amounted  to  30,500,000  cni- 
sadoes,  or  about  fbur  nrillims  sterV 
ing.   The  local  revenues  of  the  ^-^ 
ferent  provinces  were  Hkewisc  in- 
adequate to  their  local  expenditure. 
The  annual  df^^of  Minas  OcracB 
amounted  to  near  60,000  milrBas  ; 
that  of  Gamx,  to  near  «0,000; 
that  of  Matto  Grofto  to  10,544 
milreas;  that  of  Shnto  Cathenos 
to  34,870;   making  in  all  more 
Omn  125,000  milreas.    The  oiher 
movinces  of  Spirito  Santo,  BfcMs, 
Pemambuco,  Rio  Grande,  Alagi^ 
Ptodba,  Maranhao,  Ac  wcreHkw 
wise  in  arrear.     Santo  Spirito  pre^ 
sefited  an  annual  de/ick  of  55,172 
milreas.      The   charges    thrown 
upon  the  treasury  by  these  defio^ 
endesin  the  localre  venues;,  amount* 
ed  to  280,000  mihreas  annually. 
In  the  midst  of  such  diflkulii^ 
the  govemmenthftd  sought  rdirf 
in  fimed  loans  and  contributions, 
donations,  and  even  sequestratioB^| 
by  which  means  they  hadobtwned 
about  a  million  of  crusadoes.    But 
they  now   hoped  to  find  a  b»w 
efl^uai  resource  in  a  loan,  the 
negotiation  of  whidk  had  been  ctnv* 
menced  in  London^     The  P^^^P^JIj 
terms  of  it  were— that  2,5OO,00w. 
should  be  raised  by  the  sale,  at  7A 
percent,  of  3,33S,333i:.  st<)ck,bcar- 
mg  6  per  cent  interest.^ 

♦  The  fitetements  of  the  nrfnurterrf 
flnsnce  specified  wKh  extreme  wam^ 
nets,  aU  the  simvi  a4«aBce4  in  «uPU^ 
of  the  e»perQr  or  hk  bouscheW.  *«"• 
expenses  incurred  at  the  diristemoff  « 
the  emperor's  daughter  amoimted  !• 
5,06©  mfhvas  (about  1,200/.) :  tbercw* 
paM  f«r  books  and  ttie  charges  of  ue 
imperial  library,,  abwit  350/.  Amv 
ttUng  to  the  emperor'a  palace  and  »»• 
adjoining  liousesco9t  800/.  Pen  Mro^ 
coronatiou  cost  only  (FJJiOO  milreS9|  ^ 
aomewfaat  less  than  XifinH, 


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[281 


CHAP-  XIV, 

tTALY^'PrMcculkms^^Ekdion ^  a  New  Pope-^IoNiAN  IsIjAnds*^ 
TvniCBY  —  War  with  Ike  Greeks^MUiiart/  and  Naval  sUualkm 
(f  the  Greeks — MUUary  Operalions'^Naval  Operaliotuf — Predaionf 
fnctttshtuf  in  Asia  Minor — Affairs  at  Cotistaniinople — DifficuUks  wilk 
respect  to  WaUachia  and  Moldavia^^Seizure  at  Cottslantinoj)letfShif$ 
mtder  the  Russian  Jtag-^Conoessians  of  the  Turks^^Arrang^hetUs 
hettBccn  Turkey  and  Atistria^Treaty  between  Turkey  and  Persia. 


ITALYcontinucd  tranquil  under 
her  despotic  administrations 
In  Naples  and  Lombardy^  prosecu- 
tions for  the  political  tramjereasions 
of  ISdO  stin  went  on^  and  several 
of  the  accused  were  condemned  to 
death  :  but  enveloped  in  secrecy 
as  these  proceedings  were — ^the 
precise  nature  of  the  charoes 
unknown  as  well  as  the  evidence  oy 
which  they  were  suprported — thai 
they  were  carried  on,  is  all  that  can 
Ik  safely  stated  widi  re^)ect  to 
Ihem. 

On  the  20th  c^  August  Pope 
hus  7th  breathed  his  mx,  regrbt* 
ted  by  his  subjects  and  revered  by 
the  whole  Chriutian  world,  \yide 
Biography,  p.  210.*]  On  the  27th 
of  September,  the  cardinal  DeUa 
Genga  was  elected  his  successor, 
and  assumed  the  name  of  Leo  the 
Twelfth*  The  new  pope  was 
bom  on  the  2nd  of  August,  1760, 
at  the  Castle  de  la  Genga,  situated 
between  the  Duchy  oT  Urbin  and 
and  the  IJi^Iarch  of  ^Ancona.  .  He 
was  Nuncao  during  14  years  in  the 
electorates  of  the  Shine,  and  at  the 
period  of  the  persecutions  exercised 
by  Buonaparte  agauist  the  head  of 
^  Church,  was  obliged  to  quit 
Rome.  Inl814hewas8entby  Piu« 
Tthlocongratulate  Louis  ISthonhis 


restoration  to  the  throne.  At  the 
moment  of  his  election/  h«  was 
Cardmal  Vicar,  that  is,  adminislra^ 
tor,  in  ^liritual  affiiirs,  of  the  dio« 
cese  of  Rome.  He  has  the  charac- 
ter of  being  u  man  of  great  leBm* 
ing,  accustomed  to  business,  and  of 
irreproachable  morals. 

The  Ionian  islands  continued  U» 
enjoy,  under  our  dominion,  qUiet, 
and  increasing  prosperity :  and,  at 
length,  those  groundless  and  so 
often  refuted  dmrges  of  oppremioa 
and  mijttovcmmcnt,  whicn  immity 
to  Engknd  invented,  and  ptrty 
spirit  at  home  foolishly  circulated, 
against  sir  Thomas  Maitland, 
began  to  sink  into  the  oblivion 
which  their  falsehooddeserved.  A 
new  parliament  was  elected,  aadi 
met  at  Corfu  on  the  1st  of  Marehi 
The  session  was  opened  by  a  speeoh 
from  the  lord  oomnrissioncf* 
With  respect  to  the  war  in  Greece 
he  observed,  *'  These  unfortunate 
hostilities  are,  as  usual,  attend: 
with  the  greatest  horron  and  a||u«* 
cities.  The  Ionian  government,' 
however,  will  continue  to  seiro  oa 
every  opportunity  of  exerd^i^  the 
duties  of  hospitality  and  humsmity, 
in  favour  of  the  unhappy  victims  of 
that  wide  desolation  which  forms 
the  peculiar  character  of  this  cruel 


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933]     ANNUAX   REGISTER,   1823. 


and  bloody  warfare."  In  xmxd  to 
the  internal  quiet  of  the  islands 
themselves  he  stated  that  he  felt 
confident  of  the  continuation  "  of 
thepresent  calm  and  unruffled  tran- 
quillity;" and  recommended,  incon- 
sequence, to  the  Ionian  Executive 
government,  "  the  recall  to'  their 
native  island  Zante,  of  those  turbu- 
lent individuals,  being  five  in  num- 
ber, whose  behaviour,  during  the 
late  crisis  in  the  Morea,  forced  the 
government  tjo  remove  them  from 
the  island  for  a  time.  They  com- 
prise the  whole  of  the  individuals 
treated  in  this  manner ;  nor  is  there 
a  single  person  within  the  states  in 
a  state  of  arrest  or  detention  on  this 
account" 

•  The  speech  then  adverted  to  the 
finance  of  the  islands.  The  public 
accounts  reached  to  the  31st  of 
January,  1823,  the  close  of  the 
financ  ial  year.  The  receipt  during 
the  year  was  707,875  Spanish  dol- 
lars;  the  expenditure,  590,518; 
leaving  a  surplus  revenue  of 
117,357.  "Your  financial  affairs" 
(said  the  general)  "  continue  to 
wear  a  promising  aspect.  Certain 
it  is,  that  this  is  not  the  result  of 
fresh  taxation,  for  you  well  know 
that  no  additional  imposts  have 
been  laid  on  the  people,  since  the 
establishment  of  thepresent  consti- 
tutional ^vemment  of  1 8 1 7,  unl6ss 
the  modification  of  the  then  exist- 
iM  taxes,  made  by  parliament  in 
lol8,  is  considered  in  that  light. 
But  to  settle  this  pinnt  at  once, 
there  is  laid  on  your  tabic  a  return 
of  thepresent  commercitil  duties, 
and  taxes  of  all  descriptions,  toge- 
ther with  a  statement  showing 
how  they  stood  at  the  period  of  and 
antecedent  to,  the  connexion  be- 
tween Great  Britain  and  the  Is- 
lands. From  these  documents  it 
Wws,  that  mitigations,  not  ai 
gmvatiw,  of  taxatioo,  ww 


result  of  the  regulatioiBS  of  IftIS, 
aUuded  to." 

The  crops  during  the  preceding 
year  failed  in  Corfu.  In  the  idua 
of  Cephalonia,  Zante,  and  Ithaca, 
the  year  was  one  of  unexampled 
pro^rity,  in  consequence  of  the 
goodness  of  the  crops  and  the  price 
for  currants  being  high  beyoiul  all 
precedent,  owing  to  the  total  de* 
struction  of  the  currant  plantatjoni 
of  the  Morea  by  the  contest  in  that 
peninsula. 

On  this  point  sir  Thomas  Mait- 
land  said — "  Prom  real  documents 
which  have  been  submitted  to  me, 
it  appears,  that  the  proprietocs  of 
Cephalonia,  Zante,  and  Ithaoa, 
have  received  in  one  year  a  return, 
clear  of  all  charges  whatever,  of  20 
to  30  per  cent  on  the  value  of  their 
respective  properties;  and  it  afibrds 
me  the  highest  gratification,  at  a 
time  when  the  agriculturists  in  all 
other  parts  of  the  world  find  the 
greatest  difiiculty  in  obtaining  sale 
for  their  produce,  that  the  iiuialH- 
tants  of  these  islands  form  the  hep* 
picst  exception  to  the  general  dis- 
tress ;  and  that  the  praiseworthy 
industry  they  have  shown,  since  the 
establishment  of  the  present  govern* 
ment,  in  tlie  material  extension  of 
the  cultivation  of  their  lands,  has 
met  its  due  reward." 

In  regard  to  the  expenditure,  the 
civil  list  was  laid  on  the  table  for 
the  consideration  of  the  assembly; 
also  an  account  enumerating  every 
item  of  the  whole  expenditure. 
The  chief  heads  of  it  were  alluded 
to  in  the  speech ;  such  as  the  govern- 
ment new  buildings  at  Corfu,  the 
new  market  and  lassaretto  in  Ce- 
phalonia, and  the  new  military  hos- 
pital in  Zante ;  the  money  expend- 
ed in  all  the  islands  in  the  making 
of  roads,  and  in  paying,  during  the 
last  year,  an  extra  body  of  the  mi« 
tttia  to  guard  tbg  coasMwA  prOf 


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HISTORY  OF   EUROPE. 


[233 


cfltttioii  made  neoesnury  by  the  a(^ 
peaiBQce  of  tlie  plt^e  on  '  the 
oppoBte  shores.  The  lord  com- 
imaaiwifr  stated  that  the  new 
coUege  would  open  in  the  current 
jeor,  not  however  in  Ithaca^  as 
faniierly  proposed^  but  in  Corfu. 

in  respect  to  the  administration 
of  justice,  the  general  expressed 
his  regcet  that  greater  progress 
had  not  been  m0&  in  remedying 
tha  defects ;  he  believed^  however, 
that  great  substantial  amelioration 
had  been  efifected,  and  adverted  to 
SB  act  of  Parliament  of  the  former 
year,  firom  which  much  benefit  had 
boni  derived,  and  from  the  effect  of 
wlddi  he  eamected  the  certain  re- 
forniatkm  of  the  laws,  and  of  the 
judicial  service  of  the  States. 

The*  address  concluded  with 
some  observations  on  the  late  ge- 
neral elections  :— 

''  At  the  time  (said  sir  Thomas 
Maitland)  that  the  present  charter 
was  frameii,  it  must  be  known  to 
those  I  am  now  addressing,  that 
the  greatest  difficulties  were  sup- 
pose to  exist  in  introducing  the 
system  of  voting  viva  voce,  instead 
ci  the  one  in  practice  of  balls  and 
Ulottinff  boxes ;  and  it  was  even 
contended  that  this  last  manner  of 
voting  was  necessary,  for  the  peace 
and  harmony  of  society. 

*'  It  appeared  to  me  then,  as  it 
does  now,  that  the  introduction  of 
the  system  of  voting  viva  voce  on 
all  occasions,  would  of  itself  tend 
to  form  the  character  and  correct 
the  morals  of  the  people  more  than 
any  other  measure  that  could  be 
adopted ;  and  its  success  has,  I 
own,  exceeded  my  most  sanguine 
expectations,  and  I  apprehend,  has 
aLio  surpassed  those  of  every  well- 
wisher  to  his  country  :  for,  whe- 
ther we  look  at  the  number  of 
electors  who  assembled,  and  their 
fed  ux^  fotxiety  to  ej&erci^  their 


elective  franchise,  or  whether  we 
consider  the  quality  and  description 
of  the  persons  they  returned  as 
their  representatives,  it  must  be 
obvious,  that  every  thing  that  has 
been  said  by  a  few  factious  indivi- 
duals, is  proved  by  this  act  and 
deed  of  the  whole  of  the  nobi^ 
lity,  and  of  every  person  of  res- 
pectability or  property  in  the 
country,  to  be  utteny  false.  The 
conduct,  in  fact,  observed  by  all 
ranks  of  society,  seems  to  me 
to  be  exactly  the  one  best  calcu- 
lated to  ensure,  and  at  the  earliest 
period,  an  extenmon  of  the  liberties 
and  fi-anchises  possessed  by  the 
people." 

The  war  between  the  Greeks 
and  the  Turks  continued  to  race 
with  undiminished  fury,  but  with- 
out any  decisive  results  on  either 
side.  In  January  the  siege  of 
Missolunghi  was  raised.  Chur- 
chid  had  been  succeeded  by  the 
Seraskier  Mahonxet  Pacha.  That 
chief  had  his  head  quarters  at 
Larissa  in  the  b^^ning  of  the 
year :  but  even  so  hte  as  tlic  end 
of  ^ring  he  was  without  an  army. 
The  Pachas  who  commanded  in 
Albania  were  at  the  head  of  a  con- 
siderable force ;  but  that  force,  in- 
stead of  being  employed  in  the 
subjugation  of  the  Morea,  found 
more  than  sufficient  employment  in 
checking  the  insurgent  fieys  of 
Albania.  The  Turkish  arms  were 
every  where  paralyzed  by  the  ina- 
dequate supply  of  military  storcsi 
and  by  the  wantof  money  for  the 
regular  pay  of  their  troops. 

The  Greeks  on  their  part,  intro- 
duced, in  a  pretended  assembly  of 
deputies,  some  fancied  improve- 
ments into  their  imaginary  consti<* 
tution,  and  made  some  alterations 
in  their  official  arrangements. 
Petro  Bei;,  a  military  chief,  ivua 
placed  at  the  head  9f  the  es^ecu« 


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aSi]     ANNUAL  RBGISTER,  1823. 


'tiVe  goVermnent ;  and  M auxoeor- 
4ig|o»  the  hie  preadent>  accq)ted 
Idle  offiee  of  aecretary  of  foreign 
•fiairs  under  him.  But  the  nomi^ 
Hid  governineiit  for  Greece  had 
neither  the  resources  to  maintain, 
-nor  the  influence  to  eontfoleren 
the  scanty  hands  that  fought  for 
their  causes  For  the  Greek  sol- 
dien  reoeiTed  no  pay;  net  more 
than  a  lliird  of  them  were  equim)^ 
with  sttffident  cbthing  to  di^t^ 
them  from  the  inclemencies  of  a 
mountain  warfare;  they  ahnost 
invariably  slept  in  the  open  air, 
and  firequently  had  to  pass  two  or 
three  ^ys  without  any  other  food 
than  the  herbs  of  the  field.  So 
lar  as  they  did  not  provide  for 
themselves,  they  were  summed 
fran  te  scanty  resources  of  the 
individual  ciuefs  whom  they  M* 
.  lowed*  The  general  mode  adopt* 
ed  by  tho  diie&  was,  to  advance  a 
amall  sum,  generally  about  two 
i^panish  dc^krs,  to  each  soldier  pre* 
vioua  to  his  entering  the  field; 
with  wUch  he  provided  hims^ 
with  bread,  tobaeoo,  and  whatever 
other  necessaries  he  might  require, 
as  far  as  the  money  woidd  suffice. 
The  neoenary  consequence  of  this 
state  of  things  was,  that  the  troops 
were  rather  the  partkans  of  parti- 
eaknr  leaders,  than  the  servants  of 
the  covemment,  and  that  the  dis- 
sensions and  jealousies  of  the  dnefs 
pRvented  any  consistent  plan  of 
operations  from  being  persevering- 
ly  acted  upon. 

^  The  navy  was  equally  deficient 
in  permanent  organization.  It 
eoWBStedy  in  faot,  ^  nothing  more 
than  about  a  hundred  (at  one  time 
the  number  was  180)  vessds  of 
vvrious  mns,  fitted  out  as  jniv*- 
tears,  by  about  thirty  individiials 
resident  in  Hydra,  Spezzia,  Ipsara, 
and  Saams.    The  teamen  amount* 


thousand;  and  the  cSiief  dithAt 
with  respeet  to  them,  consoled  h 
providing  for  their  Cuttifies  in  di4^ 
absence. 

Under  these  dreumrtances,  no^ 
thing  of  importance  eouM  be  ^ 
pected  to  be  accomplished.  Hie 
operations  by  land  consifstod  diher 
of  ineflbotual  hbekades,  or  tf 
p^tty  ^eifiDa  warfare ;  the  evcHiB 
of  whidi  were  usually  magnffitf 
for  a  time  into  decisive  litlMio* 
The  Greeks  besieged  PAtras,  M 
in  vain.  The  Turt», on  tteofltar 
hand,  moved  downward  mt  fc 
Morea  with  a  considentUe  fter^ 
But  they  were  retarded  sd  tag 
"by  the  difficulty  of  procMtiBg  pB** 
visions^  and  so  haraased  uf  A^ 
hostility  of  the  inhalntants  -df 
tiie  mountainous  districts  ^l^'^'^ 
iM^ich  they  had  to  pass,  that  me 
autumn  was  arrived  bcfcrc  thff 
came  near  to  the  destined  scene  of 
action,  and  a  great  part  of  ^^ 
mercenary  troops  qnitted  tWr 
standard.  The  example  of  diw** 
sion,  being  once  set,  was  ^P*^ 
followed;  and  by  the b^nnin^ « 
August,  the  army,  without  ^^^^"8 
accomplished  miy  one  things  ^^^ 
oonmletdy  to  exist.  One  of  tWr 
chiels,  however,  again  fonned  tftc 
sie^  of  Missdun^;  but^  after 
losmg  nearly  two  months  before 
that  place,  they  were  <Mi^i^ 
hasten  away  from  it,  ahannomflg 
their  wounded  and  their  siA  ^ 
well  as  a  considerate  quantity  ef 
stores.  The  Turks  still  hdd  Mr 
don  and  Conm.  In  Csoadtathey 
received  important  assistance  fn*n 
the  PUcha  of  Egypt :  yet  CiO^ 
and  Retymo  were  the  only  tar 
tresses  which  they  retained  in^^ 
island,  and  these  were  ckisd^ 
blockaded. 

The  Greek  fleet  was  bite  n» 
comaiencing  opera^ons;  and  i^ 
waa  kept  a  cback  hy  the  ae^ 


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mBlXHlY  OF  EUROI^B. 


tS35 


tuufchoiflil»iiiPciytiiii|PidMWifli 
simemniilacl,  iriikh  the  Porte 
kid'  nroie  flieet  efibrit  to  eqid|P> 
Old  whUi^  daring  pin  of  tin  ye|n> 
kd  the  beooftt  of  the  (XMnperalion 
of  die  l^yptiaii  and  Algetuie 
qeadrons.  Th^  vommatB,  how* 
cfer,  kkl  ieftnlpartttS  sueoeaet; 
«Dd  tiieir  fnotiad  supexifvitj  to 
''^ — neiinet  wet  proved  by  this 
die  Torkiib  admkat  did 
to  make  aaj  ettempt  to 
Nduee  Hiloy  Naoda,  Tino^  Myco- 
aai,  Skyto,  Qamxm,  Andro,  Zea, 
nitans,  Serphoy  Aydva,  Speacia, 
inata,  or  aaj  of  the  other  idands 
whiah  had  thrown  off  the  yokerf 
dM  iBfldeb ;  and  that,  in  the  end 
of  die  year,  he  abaadoned  the 
Grecian  ieas,  widi  nothing  to 
ti,  except  dial  he  bad  for* 
■knee  to  one  or  two  be* 
fatreuefy  asakted  tor  a 
m  the  froitlesf  btookade  of 
If  iBR^m^,  and  with  two  divi^ 
dons  of  his  fleet  wttntaiaffd  m 
engage  mciii  widi  some  dnrty  or 
dttty^fe  QieA  ddps,  in  which 
bod>  pnrties  ebuned  die  victory. 

The  herrorsof  war  wet»  cdmI* 
derobly  an^nented,  witheat  any 
real  advantwe  to  die  caose  of  In^ 
dtopeadenee^  by  predatory  mroadsof 
the  insurgents  on  the  coasts  of 
Jlsin  Ifijnir.  On  one  oacasian, 
ifteen  Ipfloebi  armed  vtnels,  ae* 
eoBsitained  by  opwaitls  of  100 
barfcr,  ^ipeared  m  the  bay  of 
Adramit  and  Sandarly^  landed  a 
nomber  of  mm  near  the  kUer 
piaee,  pftnndered  th^  town«  ninr- 
incd  die  gxeator  part  of  the  in- 
habitants, and  earned  a  great 
number  of  them  into  slavery, 
naMmg  wlmn  was  the  Hamn  cf 
Cnra-OmuA  CMn.*  Ther  then 
plundered  and  burnt  all  the  vil- 

*  This  it  the  Chief  of  the  powerfhl 
twtfty,  wldcfa  for  about lifbfycars  has 
sitiiueei  in  tUs  part  of  itsis,  a  sove* 


kgas  and  finds  In  ^nyghboofw 
hmd;  and  after  ndiort  action  widi 
nme  troops  that  were  sent  agaSnsi 
them,  in  wUch  ih^  lost  ab6«it 
thirty  men,  returned  to  their  ships 
kiden  with  booty.  The  origind 
plan  of  die  Ipaariots  was  imcu- 
Jated  on  a  more  eitenaSve  scale. 
They  had  threatened  to  proceed 
ntim  Sandarly  to  Smyrna,  m  order 
to  set  fire  to  that  gmt  city;  but 
the  Gomniand^  St  one  of  die 
Eimypcan  squadrons  cruinng  there 
behi^  informed  of  this  intention^ 
repaered  in  person  to  Ipsars,  and 
represented  to  the  Primatesi  thai 
if  such  an  attempt  should  be  made, 
an  the  commanders  of  European 
dkips  of  War  would  ^-pMe  it. 
This  unexpected  attack  ^ed  the 
whole  country  first  with  terror, 
Md  afterwards  with  boundless 
rage:  and  the  consequence  wa^ 
that,  in  the  town  of  tfprgamo^  not 
far  firom  Sandarly,  the  Turlddi 
^ihaltttants  and  M^dier*  fcdl  on  die 
Greek  pbpnlatiDn,  and,  notwidw 
standingautheexettionsoftheCidi, 
adreadfelmagafterc  ensued,  in  whMi 
about  1,000  were  kflied.  When 
die  account  of  these  transactions 
was  received  at  Constaiitinopie, 
the  sultan  ordered  Ibrahmn  Padia, 
whe  commanded  the  troops  on  Hie 
Boi^orus,  to  send  immediately  n 
IntgB  deta^mettt  to  Pergamo,  ann 
to  puni^,  with  the  utmost  ri^uur, 
the  authors  of  these  isamsmry 
seenes,  which,  he  ctodared,  were 
neither  justified  mir  excused  hy 
the  preceding  excesses  of  die  in* 
surgents. 

The  inftuence  of  the  janisBBrics* 
which,  at  the  end  of  the  preerf* 
ing  yesr,  had  asserted  its  predomi- 
ttAnce  so  tmmphahdy  f^ainst  die 
sultan  and  his  favourites,  stulcond* 


idlgaty  dwost  tnlsipeadeBi  ef  (hs 
hau,  and  (as  all  travelien  Hl^  ^ 
mftd  and  heueficent  manner. 


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236]     ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1823. 


Qued.  '  Hftldi  Padia>  wlio  was  le- 
garded  as  a  seabiis  friend  of  that 
mUitary  mol^,  was  appointed  to 
the  command  on  the  Bosphorus. 
About  the  same  time^  the  Mufti 
was  removed  from  his  high  office. 
>  Lord  Strangfbrd  had  sml  the  ar- 
duous task  to  discharse^  of  carrying 
on  Uie  n^;otiations  ror  the  preser- 
vation of  peace  and  for  the  removal 
of  the  grounds  of  quarrel  between 
Turkey  and  Russia.  Moldavia  and 
Wallachia  occasioned,  in  appear- 
ance at  leas^  the  chief  difficulty. 
For  though  the  Porte  had  nomi- 
nated Hoqpodars  in  the  two  prin- 
dpelities,  had  dedaxed  its  wil- 
lingness to  allow  the  inhabitantsto 
enjoy  the  jnivileges  which  were 
secured  to  them  by  treaties,  and 
had  issued  orders  for  the  evacua- 
tion of  the  provinces  by  the  Turkish 
soldiers;  yet  Russia  complained, 
that,  instead  of  these  orders  havine 
been  punctually  and  fully  execute^ 
Gonsiaerable  bodies  of  troops  werd 
still  stationed  in  those  provinces. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  Turkish  mi- 
nisters, were  dissatisfied  at  the  pre- 
sence of  a  numerous  Russian  force 
in  Volhynai,  Podolia,  Bessarabia, 
and  the  adjacent  districts,  and 
insisted,  that  they  could  not  be  ex- 
pected to  leave  Uieir  own  frontier 
m  a  defenceless  state,  when  a 
neighbouring  power  menaced  them 
wi%  a  formidable  military  array. 
They  further  dechured,  that  the 
presence  of  some  troops  was  abso- 
lutely requisite  for  the  internal 
tranquillity  of  the  principalities, 
and  had  been  asked  for  in  formal 
petitions  by  the  Christian  Hospo- 
dars  themselves. 

Another  difficulty  arose  from 
the  precipitate  conduct  of  the  au- 
thonties  at  Constantinople,  in  seiz- 
ing and  detaining  in  the  arsenal 
four  ships^  which  were  sailine  for 

Afi  Mmtenmeio  mks  the  Bua* 


^an  flag.  The  preieit  for  lius 
seizure  ^iras,  that  the  drips  wwe  in 
foct  Greek,  and  on  tl^wayttf 
co-operate  with  the  insoigoiti'* 
After  many  urgent  rm:esentatioiu 
from  lord  Strangfor^  they  were 
released  in  the  month  .of  Jun& 
Some  progress  was  ako  made  in 
removing  tiie  other  obslades  ta 
peace.  The  Russian  troops  were 
partly  withdravm  from  BessaraMs 
to  cantonments  more  temote  tarn 
the  Ottoman  frontier ;  and  the 
Turks,  on  their  part,  gjave  reassa 
to  expect,  that  the  principalities 
would  be  forthwith  evacuated  by 
the  Pacha  of  Silistria,  and  maw 
some  concessions  with  respeei  to  the 
navigation  of  the  Black  Sea^ 

The  Austrian  Internuncio  had 
exerted  himself  to  soothe  the  ap- 
prehensions which  the  divanea* 
tertained  of  Russia;  and  he  ob- 
tained for  his  court  some  commer* 
dal  advantages,  by  the  removalor 
alleviation  of  several  of  the  incw 
venienoei  to  which  Austrian  ves- 
sels were  exposed  in  the  Darda- 
nelles  and  ^e  harbour  of  Con* 
stantinople.* 

•  The  following  were  said  to  be  th« 
principal  articles  of  a  conventioD  be- 
tween Austria  and  Turkey  :— 

1.  The  visitation  of  the  Austrian  sbi^ 
on  their  arrival  in  the  PardaneUes^^ 
to  be  continued,  as  the  Ottooian  pi**^ 
ment,  particularly  on  account  of  the 
Greek  insurrection,  cannot  neglect  any 

Krecaution ;  but  this  visitation  is  not  to 
e  attended  with  any  inconvenience  or 
eipense. 

3.  The  vessels  so  visited  in  the  Dsr* 
danelles  are  exempt  from  any  fiirtber 
examination. 

3.  The  practice  of  visiting  the  sbip^ 
at  the  moment  of  sailinff  out  of  the 
harbour  of  Constantinople  is  wfaoUy 
abolished:  it  is  to  take  place  only  whea 
the  vessels  go  from  the  DardtneUes 
into  the  Black  Sea,  and  then  to  be 
without  inconvenience  or  expense* 

4.  The  custom,  which  has  giadasUy 
b^M  iatroduce^i  foe  Hw  captaw  to  ^1 


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HISTORY  OF  EUROPE. 


[297 


On  tbe  28th  of  Jidy,  hostilitiei 
between  Penia  and  the  Porte  were 
concluded  hy  a  treaty,  founded  on 
tlie  hasis  of  that  of  1744.    The 

two  hard  piastem  whenever  they  cast 
anchor,  and  another  tax  whenever  they 
dian^  their  station,  is  abolished. 

h.  The  duty  of  two  or  three  hard 
piistersy  whYdi  the  ships,  after  taking  in 
tbeir  catvo,  had  to  pay  the  custom- 
hoase  omoers,  tce^  is  also  abolished. 

6.  likewise,  all  duties,  which,  under 
virioas  pretexts,  were  demanded  from 
diips  proceeding  from  Constantinople  to 

7.  Alao^  the  duty  of  eleven  Turkish 
piastea  ior  the  Iktm,  which  precedes 
the  detfrery  of  the  firmans  permitting 
tiM  tfanrit  of  goods. 

8.  These  firmans  shall  be  delivered 
without  delay,  and  not  be  withheld  for 
15  erSO  days,  as  has  been  done  hitherto. 

9.  The  practice  of  putting  officers 
{TtehamehM)  on  board  the  slnps  as  sbon 
as  they  arrived,  who  remainea  on  board 
tin  they  sailed  again,  is  totally  abo« 
lisbed. 


principal  stipulations  were,  that 
the  country  within  the  .Turlddi 
frontier,  c^  which  the  Persians 
had  taken  possession  hefore  or  du- 
ring the  war,  should  be  restored, 
with  aU  the  fortresses,  towns,  &c^ 
in  their  existing  state;  that  the 
two  powers  should  hind  themselves 
not  to  interfere  in  eachother'safi&irs; 
that  Persian  pilgrims,  pasring 
through  the  Ottoman  territory  to 
Mecca  and  Medina,  should  he  free 
from  all  taxes  or  duties  which  had 
not  been  established  bv  antient 
usage ;  that  the  wives  of  the  Per* 
sian  monarch,  and  of  the  princes 
and  grandees  of  his  dominions, 
when  on  pilgrimage  to  Mecca  or 
Kerbelah,  should  receive  all  the 
honours  due  to  their  rank;  and 
that  the  two  powers  should  send« 
eadi  to  the  Courts  of  the  other,  an 
ambassador  every  three  years. 


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2M}    ANNUAL   REGI8T£lt,  1893. 


CHAP.   XV. 


UvsTRi>STATM9'^Lafif»a0aiusi  theSlaveTrade'^OpeningtfiheSesAm 
Iff  Congres9'^N§£0tiaiums  with  England^  France,  and  Rusm^. 
Fi$mnce9  of  i/i^  Ifyited  Staiet^^Quarrel  mth  the  Rkcarce  Indian§  m 
MBXico^^epantian  of  liurUde^^Iniemal  dUsenHow — Mtelmg 
of  a  Congress-^Propoted  Cojutitution  of  Mextco^-^Negotiaivms  mik 
the  Spanish  CommimoHers-^Diepute  between  the  Town  cf  Vera 
Cruz  and  the  Castle  of  St.  Juan  de  UUoa-^Conteaiiences  cf  that 
DispMte'^CoLouBiJh^anta  Martha^-^Maracaibo^Porto  CabeUo^ 
Naval  suc^eMsee  of  the  Spaniard^^^Ctqjiure  of  Motacafbo  by  tkt 
CoUnManM-^JSurrenderofForto  CabeUo^Insurrections  qfthelndtant 
*^JnsurreGtion  at  Pasto-^Proceedims  qf  the  Congress  of  CohmMa. 
-^Treaties  with  ChiU  and  Peru — PsRU-^^San  Martin  resigns  his 
Authority — Expedition  against  General  Canterao^^Viciory  of  the 
Spamards^^Rtva^Aguero  declared  President — Temporary  occupO' 
tion  of  Lima  by  Canterao^Dissentions  between  Rwa»Aguero  and 
the  Congress — Reinforcements  received  from  Colombia  and  ChiU^^ 
MilOary  Operations — Bolivar  arrives  at  Lima,  and  is  placed  at  the 
head  of  Affairs — His  preparations  for  carrying  on  the  War — A*»fl- 
Aeuero  taken  Prisoner — Chile — JDiscontent  wUh  the  Administration 
(fj  OHigginS'^OHiggins  and  Rodriguez  resign^^A  Junta  appointed 
— General  Freyre  is  named  Director — Bubnos  Ay  res — Prdimi' 
nary  Convention  with  Spain — Misunderstanding  with  one  rf  ih 
English  Naval  Officers  on  the  station-^-HAYTi — Porto  Rico. 


THE  United  States  attested 
their  sincerity  in  the  abolition 
of  the  slave  trade  by  passing  a  ]&w, 
which  made  it  piracy  to  be  con« 
cemed  in  that  traffic,  and  by  in- 
structing their  ministers  at  the 
different  courts  to  use  their  endea- 
vours to  induce  all  the  powers  of 
Europe  to  adopt  the  same  mea-' 
sure.  Vessels,  fitted  out  for  the 
trade,  were  tobecondemned,  though 
no  slaves  were  actually  found  on 
board. 

The  first  session  of  the  eigh- 
teenth congressof  the  United  States 
was  opened  on  the  first  of  Decem- 
ber. Mr.  Cl^y  was  elected  Speaker 
of  tl^e  House  of  Representatives 


by  1S9  votes  out  of  181 ;  and,  m 
the  following  day,  the  President's 
message  was  read  to  the  Senate 
and  House  of  Representatives.  That 
document  contains  detailed  state-* 
ments  of  the  foreign  relations  and 
internal  situation  of  the  country 
during  the  year :  and  to  it  there- 
fore we  refer  the  reader  [^f^e  Pub- 
lic Documents  p.  183*].  The  most 
important  part  of  the  message  was 
thut,  which  announced  the  views  of 
the  American  rulers  on  tbemibjectof 
the  interference  of  the  allied  powers 
with  the  affairs  of  those  regions^ 
which  had  once  been  colonial  de^ 
pendencies  of  Spain.  "  We  owe  it 
to  candour,"   aiid   the  president; 


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HISTORY  OF  EUROPE. 


cm 


•'iBd  to  the  aaoaiiaiUe  lelatiait  ex» 
itdng  between  the  United  States 
and  Oiose  powers^  to  dedarOj  that 
we  ahould  conwder  any  attempt  on 
their  part  to  extend  their  system 
to  any  portion  of  this  heniiq}here 
asdangerous  to  our  peace  and  safety. 
With  the  existing  colonies  or  da* 
pendencies  of  any  European  power^ 
weba?e  not  interfered,  and  shall 
nol  interfoie.  But,  with  tiie  go^ 
▼eramests  who  have  declared  their 
independence,  and  nHMJntaincditiand 
whcse  independence  we  hare^  on 
gnat  consideration,  and  on  just 
principles,  acknowledged,  we  could 
not  view  any  interposition  for  the 
purpose  of  oppressing  them,  or  con-* 
tndling  in  any  other  manner  their 
destiny,  by  any  European  power, 
in  any  other  light,  than  as  the  ma^ 
nifiBi^tion  of  an  unfriendly  dift« 
position  towards  the  United  States. 
In  the  war  between  those  new 
governments  and  Spain,  we  da« 
claied  our  neutrality  at  the  time 
of  their  recognition;  and  to  this 
we  have  adhered,  and  shall  con- 
tinue to  adhere,  provided  no  change 
shall  occur,  winch,  in  the  judg* 
ment  of  the  con^tent  authoritiea 
of  this  government,  shall  make  a 
coneaponding  change  on  the  part 
of  the  United  States,  indispensable 
to  their  security/' 

The  determination  of  a  part  of 
the  boundary  between  Canada  and 
the  United  States,  vnth  respect  to 
which  the  commissioners  under  the 
treaty  of  Ghent  had  disagreed,  was 
*  the  subject  of  amicable  negotiation 
hetween  the  two  governments :  as 
were  also  the  pretended  claims  of 
the  dtusens  of  the  United  States 
inhabiting  the  banks  of  the  rivers 
and  lakes  that  empty  themselves 
into  the  St.  Laurence^  to  enjoy 
the  navigation  of  that  river  to  the 
ocean.  Against  France  there  were 
two  sobjects  of  complaint;  >one. 


that  the  Fveneh  mmiaKm,  whidi 
blockaded  Cadia,  nad  prevented 
an  American  firi^te,  on  board  of 
which  was  the  envoy  to  the  Idng 
of  Spain,  from  entering  the  har« 
hour ;  the  other,  that  the  Ameri- 
can demands  for  indemnity  in  res< 
pect  of  the  seunire  and  confiscation 
of  American  property  durinjgthe 
war,  had  not  yet  been  satSfied. 
Theseveralelaims  of  Great  Britain, 
Russia,  and  the  United  States,  with 
respect  to  the  WestemCoast  of  Ame* 
rioa,  were  in  the  course  of  anranee* 
ment  by  negotiation  at  Petersburgh : 
and  in  that  neootiation,  the  United 
States  maintamed  as  a  principle, 
'^that  the  American  continents, 
by  the  free  and  independent  con- 
dition which  they  had  assumed  and 
maintained,  were  thenceforth  not 
to  be  considered  as  sul^ects  for  fu- 
ture coloniiation  by  any  European 
power."  This  daun  was  scarcely 
less  extravagant  than  tiiat  of  the 
Russian  Ukase.  The  northern 
Autocrat  excluded  every  body  but 
himself:  the  tmns-atlantic  repuUic 
would  fain  have  excluded  both  him 
and  every  other  more  civiliaed  Eu- 
ropean. 

The  ambition  of  the  United 
States,  disguised  under  a  veil  of 
seejning  humanity,  was  likewise 
stront^ly  marked  in  a  proposal, 
which  their  ministers  made  to 
France,  Russia,  and  Great  Britain, 
-—that,  in  all  future  maritime  wars, 
the  commerce  both  of  belligerents 
and  of  neutrals  should  be  unmo- 
lested, except  when  an  attemnt  was 
made  to  br^  a  lawful  blockade. 

The  state  of  the  finances  was 
flouridiing.  On  the  1st  of  Jan- 
uary 1823,  there  was  a  balance  in 
the  treasury  of  4,237,427-55  dol- 
lars- The  actual  receipts  during 
the  three  first  quarters  of  the  pre- 
sent year  amounted  to  16474,035' 
26.    Of  this  sum,  the  Customs  had 


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^0]     ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1823. 


jproatfeed  15,01*9,392-74  dollars; 
piibHc  lands,  exdusiye  of  Mississippi 
stock,  657,505*73 ;  dividends  on 
istock  in  the  Bank  of  the  United 
States,  350,000 ;  arrears  of  inter- 
nal duties  and  direct  tax,  and  in- 
Hdental  receipts,  102,726*15;  re- 
pa3mient  of  advances  made  in  the 
war  department  for  services  or 
supplies,  prior  to  the  1st  of 
July,  1816,  44,410-64.  The  re- 
ceipts  of  the  treasury  during  the 
fourth  quarter  were  estimated  at 
4,270,000,  making  the  total  esti- 
mated receipts  during  the  year, 
20,444,035*26;  and,  with  the  ba- 
lance  in  the  treasury  on  the  1st  of 
January,  1823,  forming  an  aggre- 
gate of  24,681,492*81. 

The  expenditure,  during  the  three 
first  quarters  of  the  year,  amounted 
to  11,422,847*30,  viz.  ci\Tl,  diplo- 
matic, and  miscellaneous  expenses, 
1,510,735*14 :  military  service, 
including  fortifications,  ordnance, 
Indian  department,  revolutionary 
and  military  pensions,  arming  the 
militia,  and  arrearages  prior  to  the 
1st  of  January,  1817,  4,383,715* 
62;  naval  service,  including  the 
gradual  increase  of  the  navy,  1,776, 
989*37;  public  debt,  3,751,407* 
17-  The  expenditure  during  the 
fourth  quarter  was  estimat^  at 
3,894,559  74,  via.  civil,  diploma- 
tic, and  miscellaneous  charges,  489, 
704*1 1 ;  military  service,  includ- 
ing fortifications,  ordnance,  Indian 
department,  revolutionary  and  mi- 
litary pensions,  arming  the  militia, 
and  arrearages  prior  to  the  Ist  of 
January,  817,899,449*93;  naval 
service,  including  the  gradual  in- 
crease of  the  navy,  726,776*46: 
public  debt,  1,778,629-24.  Thus, 
the  total  expenditun^  of  the  year 
was  15,317,407*09  dollars;  leaving 
in  the  treasury,  on  the  Ist  of  Jan- 
uary, 1824,  an  estimated  balance 
of  9,364,055*77,  from  which  how- 


ever were  to  be  deducted  certftn 
appropriations,  amounting  to  2, 
897,086*47  dollars. 

The  only  interruption  of  tran- 
quillity in  the  States  of  the  Union 
occurred  on  their  western  frontier. 
In  the  month  of  June,  a  misun- 
derstanding arose  between  a  trad- 
ing party,  and  the  tribe  of  the 
Riocacee  Indians,  in  consequence 
of  which  the  latter  attacked  the 
traders  and  killed  several  of  them. 
A  military  detachment  immediate- 
ly proceeded  against  the  oficnd- 
ing  tribe  and  destroyed  their  vil- 


In  describing,  in  the  histoiy  of 
last  year,  the  discontent  which  the 
proceedings  of  Iturbide  excited  in 
Mexico,  we  mentioned  that  the 
popular  dissatisfaction  terminated 
in  the  deposition  of  the  enajperor. 
It  was  produced  by  the  armm^  of 
the  pro\'inces  against  him ;  he  him- 
self ascribed  it  to  his  reluctance  to 
plunge  the  country  into  the  horrors 
of  CivtI  war.  The  congress  had 
been  assembled  in  Mexico :  and,  at 
an  extraordinary  meeting  of  that 
body,  held  on  the  19th  of  March, 
this  adventurer,  who  found  him- 
self without  a  stay,  either  in  popu- 
lar favour  or  military  «eal,  sigm- 
fled  his  willingness  to  resign  the 
power  which  he  could  no  longer 
keep. 

"I  accepted,"  said  he,  ''the 
crown  with  mat  reluctance,  and 
acquiesced  only  through  a  desire 
to  serve  my  country.  But  from 
the  moment  I  perceived  that  to 
retain  it  would  serve  as  an  excu^ 
or  pretext  for  an  intestine  war,  I 
determined  to  abdicate.  I  did 
not  conclude  on  this  course  sooner, 
because  there  was  no  generally  re- 
cognised body  to  represent  the  na- 
tion; and  I  considered  that  any 
step  taken  by  me,  unless  there  was, 
would  have  been  both  useless  and 


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HBVHIY  OK  BtJRCHPB. 


tm 


woBf  tad  I  MQtdiiiglj  alM 
.  Mf  praMnsein  tkii  oeiratYjf 
would  be  always  a  pretext  for  dk« 
uatiukn ;  and  piK>jectf>  of  which 
I  Adfjkl  n^Tcr  havil  lhou^t>  m^l 
hk  attifbttted  to  ale.  In  cnp&v 
tM^fin^  to  MdDvo  iuq^icbn>  I 
Krai  laate  thia  cisuiitiy,  aild  direct 
liqr  ifcepa  to  a  fdeiffn  one.  Te« 
or  fifteen  days  WiU  be  aiffidsnfe 
to  iigilkto  mj  dotoetftic  affiant 
aid  -to  lak»  die  ncne»iiy  men^ 
flOrtH  16  oo6duct  mx  fanulj  and 
■qrvelf  afiNor.**  The  only  request 
Se  BHidA  was^  that  4he  ^emmcnt 
WvMJd  difldhacge  oertaio  ptrBonal 
ddtea  which  he  had  contracted  toit 
WBcdft  privAta  friends.  This  they 
mdilx  engaged  to  do;  as  well  as 
to  r^laoe  to  private  individual^ 
the  convoys  of  money  seked  l^ 
hki  tm  thdor  way  from  Mexioa 
to  Vera  Cnia.  They  likewise 
gftated  to  Iturbide  himaelf,  the 
yeailjr  mub  of  25|000  dollars,  on 
aendHkm  that  he  should  reside  in 
Italy.  He  was  subaequentbr  con*^ 
Tiyed  to  Europe  with  his  uoeulj^ 
in  an  English  vessel>  at  the  ex« 
pmie   of  the    Mexican   govern* 


cbIM  ''The  PMatl^Alttf.  iff 
Meidean  Liberty."    lie  tvml 


General  Victoria,  reputed  to 
pOiseii  very  ^perior  talents  both 
as  A  8<ddkr  and  a  statesman,  was 
at  the  head  of  the  sovernment 
whirii  suDceeded  luu%ide.  His 
atttfaority  and  that  of  his  two  as^ 
aadates  Bmvo  and  Negretto  was 
wukieif  temperary  and  provisional, 
until  n  FMukr  constitution  could 
get  eetabhshed.  After  the  lapse 
Sf  a  fe#  Weeksi  some  discontent 
binan  to  m^nr,  on  aooount  of  the 
dMqr  of  the  executive  authorities 
in  At  completion  of  that  great 
work.  On  ^  5th  of  June^  fi^iga* 
din*  don  Antonio  Lopez  d^  Sait*^ 
WAi  published  at  San  Luis  P^tosi, 
a  |dibi  fior  fbtning  an  armti  to  tm 


ol^eets  of  his  scheme  wete,    to 
sttengtliea  the  guannteesiif  popiM 
lar  litertyi  tolia^en  the  eonvteation 
c^  the  oonmes  which  Was  ^  pn* 
pare  the  pcSUical  cqnstilUtian  of  the 
statOi  and  to  protect  tike  i^vino^ 
in  their  design  of  oonstitutingooftA 
federated  republics.  ThehiydJer^ 
8tigmatiaing»  aa  enemieaof  ln)tfr^> 
all  persons  oppoaad  to  hiaaehitafe^ 
had  caused  himself  to  be  deciarcd 
general  of  the  arrays  and  artesltfl 
aU  the  officers   who  opposed  hie 
measures.  These  distuHiaaoBft  wen 
soon  quelled  by  the  prudent  inoA 
nesB  of  the  authorities  |  and  the 
pretext  (or  them  was  reknoved  h^ 
the  meeting  of  the  eoagress  on  tkie 
dlst  of  October.    The  eonsidetnii 
tion  of  the  plan  of  a  eonstittition 
Was  referred  to  a  oommittoe ;  whiV 
in  their  report,  proposed  the  scheme 
which  they  conceived  to   be  Uto 
best  adapted  to  the  dxtuMstanoei. 
and  feelmgs  of  the  country.    Fif* 
teen  stotes,  constiiuting  the  Mexi* 
can  empire,  were  to  ibrm  afediaral 
republic^  governed  by  a  congress 
and  president    The  congress  vhm 
to  be  composed  itf  a  senate,  to  whieh 
oKih  stote  should  nominate  twit 
senators,  and  a  chamber  of  deptetke^ 
who  should  be  distributed  among 
the  provinces  according  to  thdr 
population.    The  geniBml  powera 
of  congness  wercj  to  sustain  die  na» 
tkmal  independence  and  sQciiritj^> 
and  to  provide  (^  whatever  re* 
garded  fore^  relations ;  tomain* 
tain  tile  independence  of  the  stotea 
among  themselves :  to  prds^ve  tii^ 
fedetml  uiUoti,  regulate  limitSi  ilnd 
^ttle  diffirences  between  two  or 
more  stotes;  to  supnort  the  equal 
distribution  of  duties   and  taxm 
among  the  states,*  to  admit  new 
states:    to  regulate  annually  tiie 
gMeml  expenses  of  the  nitioAi  tp 


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fl4C}    ANNUAL   RBGISTEB^  1823. 


'tfltaUfah.  the  oontrilmtums  to  the 
general  expense,  their  proportions 
a^.aomoes;  to  examine  the  ao» 
counts  of  the  finances  given  hy  the 
execnliye  power;  to  regolate  ex* 
teinalaad  internal  commerce;  to 
oontract  debts;  to  acknowledge 
the  public  debt,  and  fix  the  means 
of  consolidating  it ;  to  declare 
war ;  to  appoint  the  armed  force  by 
land  and  sea,  and  to  fix  the  quota 
of  the  reqiective  states  ;  to  oi^^anize 
the  national  militia,  reservine  to 
the  sta^  the  nomination  of  the 
oQcers;  to  approve  treaties;  to 
concede  to  the  executive  extraor- 
dinary powers ;  and  to  make  laws 
neoessary  to  carry  the  consitution 
into  efiect.  The  duties  and  pre- 
sogatives  of  the  president  were,  to 
put  in  execution  the  seneral  laws ; 
to  name  and  displace  me  secretaries 
of  the  cabinet ;  to  name  officers  of 
the  government  and  interior;  to 
declare  w£Kr,  when  authcuized  by  a 
decree  of  the  general  congress ;  to 
dispose  .of  the  land  and  sea  forces, 
of  the  acting  militia,  and  of  the 
local  militia  within  the  territory  ; 
to  appoint  officers  of  the  army, 
navy,  and  active  militia,   and  to 

S've  discharges  and  furloughs  to 
ye  military ;  to  name,  with  the 
approbation  of  the  senate,  diplo« 
made  affents  and  consuls ;  to  di- 
rect foreign  negotiations,  and  exe- 
cute treaties  previously,  approved 
of  by  congress ;  to  have  the  right 
of  ob|ectinff  to  the  laws  within  ten 
days^  andofsuspending  their  execu- 
tion until  the  decision  of  congress; 
to  issue  decrees  for  the  better  ful- 
filling of  the  constitulion  and  laws; 
and  with  the  adviceof  the  secre- 
taries, to  pardon  delinquents  or 
commute  their  punishments.  The 
Boman  catholic  reli^on  was  to  be 
pfoCectedby  the  state,  and  all  others 
were  to  be  prohibited. 
.  Subordinate  to  this  general  cen« 


tral  gorehunent,  flach.pi9Vino6.f^ 
to  b^e  a  particular  goyemment  of 
its  own  framed  upcHi  similar  pnn* 
ciples. 

'  In  the  mean  time,  commission* 
ers  had  arrived  from  Spain,  fiir  the 
purpose  of  condudingli  treaty  wi^ 
Mexico.  The  first  meeting  be- 
tween them  and  the  Mexican  ref 
mrcsentatives  took  plaoe  in  Veca 
CnuB  on  the  28th  of  May,  wheat 
they  respectively  produced  their 
commissions,  and  agreed  that  their, 
fufture  meetings  should  be  held  st 
Xalapa.  They  accordiqgly  assav* 
bled  in  that  city  on  .^e  12th  of 
June,  when  the  Spanish  commis* 
sioners  read  a  long  letter  expla^ 
natory  of  the  diqpositioti  of  Spaia 
towards  Mexico.  In  the  sittiiig 
of  the  14th,  D.  Guadalupe  Vic- 
toria called  on  the  %)anish  com* 
missionere  to  declare  explicitly  the 
views  of  the  Spanish  govenunent 
on  the  recognition  dT  the  indepen- 
dence of  Mexico,  in  order  that  a 
definite  reply  might  put  an  exid  to 
the  idle  reports,  among  the  conupon 
people,  concemingthesinistervieWi 
of  themother country.  TheSpaniah 
commissioners  rej^ied,  that  th^ 
could  ^ve  no  stronger  proof  of  the 
disposition  of  their  government  to 
recognijEe  the  independenceof  Mesi* 
CO  than  the  &ct,  that  they  had  o&F« 
ed  suitable  eolations  and  guaiwi- 
tees,  and  had  clothed  their  oan« 
missioners  with  the  necessary  au* 
thority  to  act  on  the  subject  Or 
the  18th,  Victoria  inquired  of  th» 
commissioners,  if  they  were  disposed 
to  enter  into  a  proviional  tiealy  of 
qommerce;  They  replied,  tha^ 
in  exercise  of  the  authority  vested 
in  them  by  their  Govemmeut,  thfl^ 
were  disposed  to  conclude  a  trea^ 
of  commerce  under  such  oonditiov 
as  would  operate  to  Uie  mutual 
advanta^  of  both  countries.  :ThB 
negotifitions  were  px^racted  hm 


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IHSTORY  OF  EUilOl^E. 


tlmetb.tiifie;tni  tbejr  Weresuddenly 
-broken  off,  in  ccmsequence  of  what 
happened  at  Vera  Cruz. 

On  a  small  island,  or  rather 
swamp,  dose  to  that  town  and 
comnrum&ig  its  harbour,  stands 
the  castle  of  St.  John  de  UUoa, 
whidi  was  still  held  for  Spain  by 
General  Leraonr,  with  a  garrison 
of  about  300"  soldiers, '  and  was  the 
only  spot,  throughout  the  whole  of 
Mexieo,  which  acknowledged  the 
dominion  of  the  mother  country. 
WhUe  the  commissioners  were  at 
Xal^n  ne^iating  with  general 
Victoria,  I^mour,  though  on  ar- 
vuBtioe  had  been  concluded  (the 
gotemor  of  the  castle  undertaking 
not  to  molest  the  town,  and  the 
mawemcfr  of  the  city  agreeing  to 
fumi^  him  with  proTisions),  took 
pOBieiiuon  of  a  small  islaind  at  the 
east  end  of  the  harbour  (Sacrafi- 
eios)'in  a  hostile  manner.  The 
governor  of  the  city  ordered  the 
gates  to  be  closed  immediately 
Bgoinst  the  castle,  and  cut  off  its 
vmial  supply  of  fresh  provisions. 
Oenend  Lemour  then  gave  up  the 
iriand,  and  requested  tmit  the  gates 
night  be  opened.  But  an  express 
lud  been  m  the  mean  time  dis- 

5 Idled  to  general  Victoria  at  Xa- 
[It,  who  t(M  the  commissioners, 
that,  as  general  Lemour  had  vio- 
lated the  armistice,  he  would  have 
noflifng  more  to  do  with  them,  and 
(Meredthem  to  leave  the  country, 
lliey  were  as  much  displeased  with 
ti»  conduct  of'  Lemour  as  the 
iiexicans  were ;  and  therefore,  in« 
stead  of  repairing  to  the  castle,  they 
wem  to  Alvar^o,  whence  they 
ailSfidfortlieHavannah.  Frequent 
fligs  of  truce  were  sent  from  the 
erne  to  the  dty  on  the  28rd,  24th 
and  25th  of  September,  to  endea- 
vour to  get  the  gates  opened ;  but 
<o  no  pnrpose.  At  last,  the  general 
wettt  word,  that  if  the  gates  were 


not  immediately  opened,  hie  would 
with  his  batteries  destroy  the  city. 
The  governor  replied,  that  he  might 
do  as  he  pleased,  and  that  he  should 
have  gun  for  ffun.  Accordingly, 
on  the  25th,  at  half  past  12  p.  m., 
the  fire  from  the  castle  commenced, 
the  inhabitants  having  had  only 
a  few  hours  to  leave  the  city.  The 
cannonade  of  the  town  continued 
as  late  as  to  the  13th  of  October, 
by  which  time  a  great  part  of  Vetti 
Cruz  was  in  ruins.  The  Mexican  ^ 
vemment,  on  their  part,  acted  with 
vigour  and  suirit  on  the  occasion. 
They  determmed  that  Vera  Cm* 
should  be  abandoned,  and  cease  to 
be  a  port  of  trade,  so  long  as  di(? 
castle  of  St.  John  de  Ulloa  ^oold 
be  held  by  the  Spaniards.  The 
Mexican  merchants,  in  consequence, 
removed  to  Alvarado,  which  was 
declare  the  port  of  entry^  for 
Mexico,  and  a  strict  nroh^tioii 
was  issued  against  the  admistion  df 
Spanish  vessels  into  any  poirt  of 
the  empire.  All  Spaniards  were 
ordered  to  quit  the  country ;  and 
a  formal  daclaration  of  war  wai 
issued  against  Spain.*  General  La 


•  The  following  was  the  decUiratioii 
of  war  by  Mexieo  agaiiMl  SfMua : 

**  The  unexpected  commencement  of 
hostilities  by  the  governor  of  the  castle 
of  San  Juan  de  Ulloa  against  the  town 
of  Vera  Crox,  has  compelled  the  sn* 
preme  executive  power  ^to  adiipt  iiiea- 
sores  consequent  on  an  aggremoit  un- 
provoked by  its  Inbabitanu,  and  war- 
ranted by  no  political  considerations. 

**  1  It  is  ordered  that  all  political  and 
mercantile  rehitiotw  with  the  Spanisft 
nation  ceMe. 

8.  «  Using  the  lenity  dictated  by  the 
philanthropic  principles  of  the  Mexi- 
can nation,  it  is  ordered  that  all  Spanish 
vessels  immediately  leave  the  ports  of 
Mexico,  the  government  not  proceed* 
ing,  as  it  might,  to  embargo  or  eoii* 
fiscate. 

3.  <<  That  the  same  conduct  be  pursued 
with  all  SpaiUeh  mercfaantmeD  that  may 

CR23 


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M4}     ANNUAI*  ftSGISTSR,   1883. 


Molto  and  «ov«ral  ether  Ffendi 
eaasamesp  aocufled  of  treasonable 
intrigues,  were  arrested  and  pat 
into  dose  confinement.  All  French- 
men were  ordered  to  quit  the 
country. 

The  Spaniards  still  maintained 
the  contest  on  the  shores  of  Colunw 
hia.  On  the  3rd  of  January^  they 
took  Santa  Martha,  afler  a  flpirited 
resistance,  and  acquired  possession 
of  the  greater  part  of  the  province 
of  Coro.  On  the  22nd,  however, 
Santa  MarUia  was  re-tfdcen  by  the 
Columbians;  and  Morales  was 
obliged  to  hasten  to  Maracaybo, 
which  was  menaced  by  general 
Montillo  at  the  head  of  7,000 
troops,  and  a  flotilla  under  com- 
modore Belouche.  Thare  he  re« 
mained  in  a  state  of  imperfect 


In  the  mean  time,  the  Colum- 
Into  squadron,  under  commodore 
Danids,  had  stationed  itself  in 
Barbaretta  bay,  where  it  completely 
intercepted  all  communication  with 
Porto  Cabello  by  sea.  This  block* 
ade  continued  till  the  30th  of 
April,  when  the  Columbians  were 
defeated  in  a  severe  naval  engage- 
ment with  the  Spanish  fleet,  rem- 
htroed  by  two  fnmtes  which  had 
lately  arrived  off*  that  coast.     Thfe 

arrive  in  these  ports  from  Europe  In  the 
space  of  four  months,  a  time  sufficient 
to  allow  this  resolution  to  be  known  on 
that  continent,  and  of  forty  days  from 
Havannah  or  any  other  Spanish  port  of 
North  America. 

4.  "That  all  vessels  arriving  after  the 
expiration  of  those  periods  will  be 
treated  according  to  the  kws  of  war, 
(if  before  it  be  not  terminated),  as  will 
be  (torn  this  moment  all  armed  vessels. 

5.  "That  after  the  period  of  four 
months,  the  productions  of  the  Spanish 
soil  will  not  be  admitted  to  an  entry 
un^er  atiy  flag  whatever. 

"  By  order  of  his  Serene  llighnesR, 
"  Francisco  Jose  Bemal.*' 
*'  Mexico^  Oct,  t,  1823." 


Spaniardg  had  a  Bi^ariatiti  if 
force,  theirfleet  oonastmgof  fuv«i> 
sels,  carrying  186ffuns  andl,SOD 
men,  w^e  that ofthe CdurabkmK 
oon^sted  of  bat  four  vessels,  with 
82  guns  and  478  men.  The  Smf 
niaras  having  ajmroached  under 
British  odours,  the  ColuAfaitiiB 
were  deceived,  and  had  no  alteniK^ 
tive  but  to  fight  or  surrendtt. 
They  behaved  with  detennifted 
bravery.  Daniels,  the  oommddot^ 
was  severely  wounded,  and  his 
vessel  did  not  surrender  till  on  the 
point  of  sinking.  The  Spaniard, 
were  victorious,  and  succeeded  i& 
capturing  two  vessels,  the  Carabdbo 
and  the  Maria  Fnmcisca«  The 
Columbians  had  l6l  killed  and  91 
wounded;  the  Spaniards,  85  killed 
and  49  wounded.  Thi<  sdcoes 
enabled  the  latter  tb  throw  sap- 
plies  into  Porto  CabeUa 

This  was  followed  by  a  disaster 
of  inferior  consequence,  sustained 
by  Padilla,  who,  on  fcmnng  the  ei^ 
trance  of  the  Bar  of  Maracajha 
with  a  flotilla  of  twelve  sail  lost 
three  of  his  vessels.  Maracayhd, 
however,  was  still  closely  watched ; 
and  as  Padilln  at  last  obtahiedtte 
command  of  the  lagoons,  atid  &b 
Royalist  troops  h^  re-occu^ 
the  adjacent  country,  the  occam 
oi  their  absence  was  seised  t» 
harass  the  city,  and  even  to  tatt 
temporary  possession  of  it  MQh 
held  it  during  the  l6th,  the  llih 
and  the  18th  of  June,  but  M^ 
doned  it  on  the  19th»  in  conH^ 
^uence  of  the  approach  of  Morsfta. 

On  the  S4th  of  July,  Mdnto 
made  a  desperate  but  onsucturfrf 
effort  to  rmin  possesabu  of  ^ 
lake  of  Maracaybo.  Fdr  li* 
purpose  he  manned  a  nmnheref 
^raall  crafk  with  the  eren^  ^  * 
frigate  and  alocm  of  war,  add,  si- 
sisted  by  forces  from  the  ooast^  ••• 
tempted  to  surprise  Pktdilla.    The 


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HISTOllV  OP  EUR6PE. 


[245 


temlty  however^  proved  most  &• 
vouraUe  for  the  independents; 
Pacmia  took  eleven  of  Moi;ales' 
vessels ;  and  two  were  blown  up. 

In  August,  Maracaybo  was 
finally  re-<»ptured  by  the  Colum- 
bians; all  the  Spanish  vessels  of 
war  in  tlie  lake  were  delivered  up 
to  them:  and  Morales  with  tho 
forces  under  his  command^  in  vir- 
tue of  a  convention  by  which  he 
mA  they  were  not  to  serve  in 
fiOuz^  against  Columbia  unless 
tschaogeC  sailed  for  Cuba;  thus 
Abandoning  on  honourable  terms 
Aat  territory  in  which  he  had  so 
lope  upheld  the  cause  of  Spain 
m&  a  seal  and  gallantry,  which 
no  Spaniard  at  home  exerted  for 
the  freedom  of  his  native  land. 

Freparations  were  forthwith 
made,  by  the  independents,  to  pro^ 
secate  activdy  the  siege  of  Porto 
Caliello.  The  Colombian  squadron 
JUL  received  such  reinforcements^ 
tlkftt  U  no  lon^  feared  any  naval 
trmament  whidi  the  enemy  could 
muster  in  those  seas.  To  co« 
operate  with  it,  the  flotilla  pro- 
ceeded from  Maracaybo,  equipped 
wiih  heavy  artillery  and  mortars, 
and  conveying  abundance  of  aU 
tihe  ammunitions  of  war.  A  large 
land44»*ce  was  collected  at  the 
I^Bie  time ;  and  on  the  22nd  of 
SeptoBiber,  the  siege  was  regularly 
Gommenced.  The  garrison  were 
spon  in  such  a  situation,  that  sur- 
tv^Sfix  was  inevitable,  unless  they 
ime  idieved  from  without.  The 
coQunandant  of  Porto  Cabello  wrote 
to  the  political  chief  of  the  Ha- 
Yflptyfthj  endaiiuug  t.h^.  distressed 
stile  of  the  fortress,  andeamestly 
soliciting  agnrtanoe.  At  the  Ha- 
▼annah  the  docimients  were  order- 
ed to  be  referred  to  the  cornmis^ 
jiffd  of  finiM^ee,  with  artcommend- 
ation  to  consult  with  two  officers, 
wh»  w^  q^t  by  the  commandant 


of  Porto  Cabello,  on  what  ought  to- 
be  done.  The  subject  wss  after- 
ward^, on  the  12th  of  November/ 
submitted  to  the  consideration  of 
the  Consnlado  Nacional ;  that  body 
approved  a  report  made  by  the 
Syndic  on  a  plan  for  the  reUef  of 
the  Columbian  Gibraltar,  which 
had  been  proposed  by  the  second 
in  command  of  the  naval  force  at 
the  Hav^nnah:  and  a  certified 
copy  of  this  report  was  ordered  to 
be  transmitted  to  the  superinten- 
dant-general  of  finance.  But 
while  the  authorities  of  the  Ha- 
vannah  were  thus  proceeding  with 
all  the  characteristic  deliberation 
of  Spaniards,  Porto  Cabello  was 
taken  by  assault  on  the  8th  of 
November;  and  Spmn  ceased  to 
hold  a  sin^  inch  of  soU  within 
the  limits  d[  the  Columbian  repub- 
lic. 

The  successes  of  the  royalists  in 
the  beginning  of  the  year,  were  ' 
facilitated  by  some  insurrections  of 
the  Indians.  In  Apure,  the  dis- 
turbances were  of  so  serious  a  cha- 
racter, that  Bolivar  deemed  it  ne- 
cessary to  despatch  general  Paeip 
to  suppress  them.  The  presence 
of  that  officer  restored  tranquillity, 
which  he  confirmed  by  executing 
twenty-five  of  the  ring-leaders  of 
the  insurgents. 

That  pirt  of  Upper  Peru,  which 
was  comprehended  within  the  limits 
of  the  republic,  was  the  scene  of 
a  more  grave  rebellion.  Pasto,  a 
town  and  district  of  Quito,  had 
been  for  a  considerable  time  in  aH 
unsettl^  state;  and  thoueh,  in 
December  last,  order  was  fuDy  es- 
tablidied  under  the  republican  go* 
vernment,  a  party  hostile  to  the  new 
order  of  things  still  wasted  in  this 

Gvince.  T^e  more  sealous  ad- 
ents  of  this  party  assembled  in 
some  force  among  the  mountains 
Tin»9x  Pwtea  from  wlich  th^  wer^i 


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OM]     ANNUAL  REt>  18 TfrR,  1823. 


Bl  fixsty  soon  driven  by  the  pa- 
triots, and  forced  to  withdraw  to 
a  conuderable  distance.  Subse- 
^uen^,  however,  taking  advan- 
tage of  the  march  of  the  Coliun- 
Uan  troops  for  Peru,  the  rebels, 
headed  by  Augustin  Agualongo, 
descended  from  the  mountains,  and 
marched  rapidly  towards  Pasto, 
which  they  took  on  the  I2th  of 
June,  and  completely  destroyed 
the  garrison,  cpmmanded  by  colonel 
Fkires*  Flushed  with  this  success, 
they  marched  upon  Ibarra,  which 
they  also  enterdL  President  Bo- 
livar, who  was  at  Guayaquil  when 
these  events  took  place,  returned 
to  Quito,  and  made  arrangements 
for  putting  an  end  to  this  civil  war. 
He  caused  the  troops  in  iront  of 
the  rebels  to  retire,  and  drew  them 
into  a  plain,  where,  afler  a  gallant 
xeidstance,  they  were  surprised  and 
totally  defeated.  The  bulletin  of 
the  conquerors,  dated  at  Ibarra,  July 
18th,  and  signed  by  Don  Vincente 
Gonzales,  the  Adjutant-general  of 
the  Columbian  army,  states,  that, 
when  the  rebels  perceiv^  the 
hazardous  nature  of  their  situation, 
they  endeavoured  to  cross  the  river 
of  Ibarra,  and  to  gain  a  defenuble 
position,  but  were  prevented  by 
the  activity  of  the  Columbian  ca- 
vahy,  who  charjged  and  broke  them 
three  times.  Their  armed  forcq 
consbted  of  1,500  men,  of  whom 
rix  hundred  fell  on  the  field  of 
battle,  or  near  it,  and  the  greater 
part  of  the  remainder  were  killed 
or  taken  in  the  pursuit. 

The  congress  of  Columbia  met 
on  the  17th  of  April :  the  session 
terminated  on  the  6th  of  August. 
During  this  period  they  were  busily 
occupied  wiw  matters  of  interior 
r^ulation.  By  one  edict,  the  loan, 
wmch  M.  Zea  had  contracted  In 
Europe,  was  declared  null,  and 
only  90  much  of  the  amount  ac« 
Imowledgedi  as  bad  been  actually 


furnished  to  die  iq^Uic  innuney 
or  effects.*     Another  decree,  dated 

•  The  following  was  the  decree  on 
thisB^ect:— 

*'  Art.  1.  The  Conmn  dinppiaves 
the  loan  contracted  in  nris  00  tael4lli 
of  March,  1822,  by  the  deoewed  ex- 
Miniater  Francifco  Antonio  Zea,  and 
declares  null  and  void  all  that  he  has 
done  relative  to  the  af&ir,  both  fai  the 
8ub0tance<tf  the  contract,  aodinaUHs 
chiuses. 

"  Art.  2  Notwithstanding,  the  dcU 
incurred  {conirahitla)  by  that  act  is  re- 
cognized, aad  that  which  was  eontraeled 
prior  to  the  l8t  of  August,  18MK^  asfiur 
as  the  turn  which  shall  be  proved  to 
have  been  furnished  for  the  republic,  in 
money  and  effects. 

"  Art.  3.  Pbr  the  liqmdatlon  of  the 
same,  the  executite  Is  amply  aotbofiwd 
to  effect  it  in  the  manner  iawbvhit 
may  think  fit. 

"  Art.  4,  The  executive  is alspao* 
thorised  to  approve  and  ratify,  eiiner 
individually,  or  by  the  person  or  per- 
sons whom  it  shall  delegate  for  the  fur- 
pose,  the  result  of  the  liquidatioi ; 
it  may  call  in  the  ohlipations,  bills,  or 
debentures,  put  into  circulation  by  the 
deceased  Francisco  Antonio  Zea,  and 
substitute  such  as  it  may  deem  neommty 
to  the  amount  of. the  sum  which.msy^ 
liquidated  and  approved.  The  saiye 
must  be  signed  by  the  secretary  of  state 
and  of  finance,  or  by  the  person  who 
shall  be  duly  authorised,  so  that  tbeie 
new  bonds  or  debentures  may  be  sd- 
mitted  as  numerical  amounts  10  any  ns* 
loan  that  may  be  decreed ;  and  lastlji 
it  may  name  arbitrators,  judges,  and  ami- 
cable conciliators,  in  the  event  of  any 
fresh  disagreement  arising  with  tl^ 
creditors,  cither  in  the  territory  ol 
Colombia,  or  in  any  country  in  EuiW' 

"Art.  5.  The  same  executive  autho- 
rity may  agree  npon  the  period  fin*  the 
reaemption  {amortizaeion)  of  the  sstn 
that  shall  have  been  liquidated  upon  the 
mortgages  with  which  credit  should  be 
preserved,  and  upon  the  method  of  jwy- 
ing  the  interest,  until  the  consolidatiott 
of  the  national  debt,  on  which  sutjtet 
the  congress  is  now  eraplo^d. 

"  Finally,  the  executive  is  autfioriwd 
to  remove  all  difficulties  that  may  oc«ir 
in  the  execution  of  the  present  lav. 

•*  House  of  Representatives  in  Do^>te« 
June  9,  lb23. 

($goed)      <(  PajciKoo  C*nmo$ 
Pitrideot," 


Digitized  by  Vj^^^^V  IC 


mSTiOltT  OP  fEtTROPfi. 


[^49 


meBt  to  dicukte  in  Europe  ^es 
orbonds^  secured  on  the  credit  of 
the  repubHcy  by  way  of  loan,  or 
othrr.  fimmniil  (mention,  to  the 
moaBt  of  90  miflions  of  doUars^ 
to  be  contracted  for  either  in  whole 
or  in  parts.  .  These  securities  were 
to  be  ligned  by  the  presideht,  and 
■U  the  levennes  of  the  state  in 
OBDeral,  andin  particular  that  of  to- 
baoDO,  were  charged  with  the  pay- 
BM&t  of  the  pnncipal  and  interest 
flf  tibekxm.  To  Bolivar  there  was 
grniled  an  aimoal  pension  of 
aOflOO  dollars, '  in  consideration 
of  his  hovix^  spent  the  best  jrears  of 
hsalifiey  and  the  fortune  he  iahe- 
iiled  firam  his  anoestars,  in  the  sot- 
vice  of  the  republic ;  it  was  to 
commence,  when  he  should  cease 
40:hflld  the  office  of  president  A 
depSBe  eoofeosed  on  odooel  James 
Hamjhnn,  theexdusiye  privile^ 
of  enmloying  steam-boats  to  navi- 
gate die  river  Orinoco,  from  the 
pofftof  Saato  Tomas de  Angostura 
wpwards,  and  all  t^  oliier  rivers 
Wlncli  flow  into  the  Orinoco. 
.  A  subject,  which  seemed  to  oc- 
capy.  agveat  share  of  the  attention 
of  die  gofcmment,  was,  the  estab- 
Hahmmt  of  si^iools.*    The  vice- 

*  Tbe  foUowing  returns  (extracted 
book  .the  Gttiette  of  Columbia)  of  the 
•choou  established  In  some  of  the  pro- 
Ttnoes,  will  illustrate  the  anxiety  of  the 
gofemment  on  this  subject. 

FtovmoB  qf  Bofota.'-^The  followii^ 
I^mcBsteriaa  scboiMs  are  established  in 
the  pionooe :— One  in  the  wardship  of 
iht  cathedral,  one  in  the  parish  of  Las 
Nieves,  one  in  the  college,  and  one 
in  the  convent  of  San  Fmncisco.  The 
Mine  in  the  parishes  of  Usaquen,  Cipa- 
con,  Cerresuela,  Caqoeza,  Choachi,  Gi- 
Daqoiia,  Ubate,  Nemooon,  Cota,  Gua- 
anas,  and  La  Vega. 

Schools,  according  to  the  antient 
mtthedy  are  established  in  the  fc^wing 
parishes,  viz. : -^  Fontivon,  Bosa,  Bo- 
g9l%  Bqi«Q»i  Gviativ»9  Facatativa,  Fo* 


pimdeni  himsdf  attended  at  the 
examination  of  the  pupils  m  some 
of  them. 

A  treaty  of  alliance,  defensive 
and  oflfensive,  was  entered  into 
between  Columbia  and  Clnl^. 
On  the  6th  of  July,  a  similar 
treaty  with  Peru,  was  concluded 
in  the  Ciudad  de  los  Libras  de 
lima,  by  Don  Joaquin  Mosqni9ra, 
on  the  part  of  Columbia,  attd 
D.  Bernardo  Montei^de,  on 
that  of  Peru,  and  was  ratted  at 
Bogota,  on  the  12th  df 'the  some 
month,  by  the  Ccduitibian  vice-pre- 
sident Santander.  It  contained  a 
clause  expressly  providing,  thieit  all 

meque,  Ubaqoe,  Chipaque»  Fosoa,  Une, 
Choconta,  Macheta,  Tivirita,  Manto, 
Gacheta,Chipa8aque,  Guasca,  Guatavita, 
Cogua,  Gachancipa,  Chia,  TaWo,  Vil- 
leta,  Quebtmdanegia,  Chagoanii  Fnia- 
gasuga,  Melgar,  Soacha,  Cacanuva,  8a- 
esca,  Fuquene. 

Province  of  iVtftVrt.  — This  province 
has  schools  on  the  antient  methbd,  as 
follows :—  In  the  capital  of  the  province, 
and  in  the  parishes  of  Gnagva,  Retko, 
Yaguara,  Purification,  PlaU,  Hmuaa^ 
Jigante,  Garzon,  Pital. 

Province  of  Mariquita.^The.re  are  on 
the  same  method  schools  : — In  the  rtt-  . 
pital  of  the  pnrrince,  the  city  of  Ma^ 
riquita,  Ibaque,  Chaparral,  Guamo, 
Piedras,  Lapalma,  Caparrapi,  Pena, 
Mesa,  Vitumia,  Anolaima,  Rioceco,  and 
Sah  Antonio. 

Province  qf  Miioquiaj^^i^ool»  ac- 
cording to  the  T-^nraaterian  tnrlhud  are 
established  in  the  Ioivub  of  Mcilf^lliii  »id 
Ciudad  de  RLo-Deg:n>,  and  according  to 
the  antient  rtirlhci*!  in  the  panshcji  of 
Belen,  SancrlstuvttI,  Estrella,  Envfgnifo, 
Amaga,  Titiriv-ij  Atoviejo,  Copacsbana^ 
Barlw^  IgumiaciUr  Aniioqii^  Sope* 
tran,  Sar\jeronimo^  Cntiaa^orda^  Sapa- 
nalarga,  Buritica,  Urtao»  Sncftojal, 
Guame,  Samrutentt,  Lnclmpnj  Concep* 
cion,  Santodommi^o^  Cejij  Rettro,  Pe- 
rdra,  Abejonal,  Son -von,  AgiuuiuSp  Sa- 
baletas,  Mai  i  ii  i  I  la,  Pcnol ,  Carmen,  San  - 
tuario,  Bao5}  SkntHrrozs^  SaoipedrOt 
Yarumal,  Claras,  Don  matin*,  Zamgtwi, 
RemedioBy  YoIombOi  Ccmc&Dj  Sambar- 


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ttt)    ANRir^L  RBt;}t8Vft:BM823. 


diould  ho  mrikai 
iad  iufped  by  the  oantx»ctui§  pOfw 

flMipiot  frf  luiiooi  bond,  rad  qbr* 

In  Peftt^  «ka  Martw  had  foMd 
k  UtaMvry  to  aUktte  tbo  autko* 
vi^vvUdiliehilaaniMi.  Alter 
lu0  witbdf»w«I>  die  exeoiilive 
inver  HM  in  the  haodi  of  «  junta 
ti  tlmm  mmnh  of 'Whom  g^nml 
Joi^  4o  la  Mar  was  die;  dncf- 
TWv  moat  w^ifaiifraimaani.  wtts^  to 
piieaiMB  dia  war  ttatest  the 
iQ9raUili»  who  s^  had  dia«oni<r 
iMi  ooaNMBd  of  Upfar  Fani. 
La  Sema^  die  ricecoyj  was  fit 
Cu«co  with  S,500  troop.  Generol 
Omteme  oonmiaiKled  m  Arequipa, 
4,000  tnkma.  At  Juiya  there  waa 
a  ibroa  (^  S^dOO,  besides  1,000 
van  imdar  Valdaa  in  die  oeirii* 
houilitfod  of  Caaele.  In  October 
lB%f^  m  es^Mditaon  sailed  ftom 
JUpa  to  attec^  Cantetac  The 
Inapt  OB^phinred  in  dut  aacvioe, 
4^)0§iBttiMiMr,  asdeodMikad  in 
40  tranaporta  oontoy  ed  by  a  frigate 
and  two  alo^  of  war,cDna8teo  of 
MO  Chiliana  under  general  La 
Ctna,  800  FatUTiana  nndav  caknel 
Mfller,  1,900  BnenoB-Ayranis, 
and  1«!I00  Columbians — ^the  whde 
under  the  direcdon  of  Alvarado. 

Thi  eaaat  ctf  Pteni  from  Pisco, 
(whioh  was  to  be  the  scene  of 
«6tieii)  southward^  isadesort,  where 
no  v«^Qlatian  occurs  within  ^  and 
ift  omt  pasta  60  males  off  the  ooaft, 
awBsat  in  dwaawfl  md^s  thwagh 
winch  the  riven  dischiave  them* 
ttl^rps  into  die  sea;  and  at  these 
mim,  widi  die  exoiptiim  of 
QuijUa  and  Aries^  theie  is  no 
hndby.  The  eiipodition  arrived 
i|t  diA&Qnt  points  of  the  coast  in 
%  «id^  «tiW«  »nd»  though  ha* 

tranqportation,  and  the  del 


«f  a  suffly  af 
Jcatedaihoct  way  kila  tl»  oauBlqr. 
CatttMAa'fliaBjhea  to  meal  ihm; 
^gtii  m.  the  WA  d  Jannaiy, 
die  oppoamg  armiaa  aama  wilUa 
siflfat  of  eaidi  edwr,  al  a  tam 
emd  Mofuagaa»  aiiaathia 
than    40    leafues    fraa 


t  far  battle^  and  lit 
widi  peak  spiiit  an  hadi  aid» 
Jt  was  nMantaiiiad  wMi  wmk 
absdaaey,  dll  dw  iMitsiots,  yieUm 
ito  gwf^^iyyr  maonben,  av  '  *^ 
fldll«  gave  way ;  and  die  i  , 
ohiained  a  signal  'uaL>asy,-nali 
than  aoo  or  goo  af  d«a  Mi^uvss 
aaoapiag  ftaas  the  aoena  aB  dii 
aanMinasy  rnnlwsi  Tha  wsaok 
af  the  indepaadaactasaiy'asriMd 
al  Callao  en  die  fidi  of  FalaBaij 

Tha  nawB  of  dda  dissstae  ss» 
taanged  die  nandi  oCdiofBOpk 
ftom  tha  eaeeutsvaaathoriy  I  sad, 
on  die  ertihof  Fefan»iy,lhaavisy 
dadarad,  that  the  fanner  ehitf  ef 
the  police,  Dan  Jae6  ia  La  Bba* 
Agiaara»  shoaU  be  piarad  ia^ 
supreaM  cammand  aa  psadrtanfe^ 
4tf  teptthlio.  Ha  Qoi^prass  eh- 
jactad  ta  diia  ihnagri,  sad  dim 
i^bauxtehmaedindiaii  mi^ 
it ;  finally,  howeasa^  fbeoaaWM* 
edf  and  tha  aia^  gaMl  thsir 
wishes  by  placing  RwsUAmMilsria 
the  govafamentj  in  l&eii  of  ftaeh* 
noxious  junta.  No  Uoed  WM 
shed.  The  minister  of  war  and 
marine  was  removoi  at  the  sHne 
time.  Shaady  aftaawaads  a  pls^ 
or  a  pretended  {dot,  to  Uiver  oP 
the  castle  (tf  Callao  td  the  roTif' 
ists  was  discQveired,  ineonasqnwo 
of  which  60  paasaas  weaa  appas* 
handed  mud  sent  to  prison,  mest  rf 
a^om  were  old  lesideat  ^Mnisidi* 

In  the  mean  timo,  CaoAcssc 
Hvallid  himself  of  his  aaocesi,  *• 
adrmpaa  in  tha  aKttth  af  Msf  il 
Bail 


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BHTOIT  OflP  EUROfK     '     fMi 


iliMMi  Ini^  to 


wiikoairmB^maMj  9^^         i^lkm  Uwatw  cf  ■illilwyy  ll 


to  tfai  wBaoat  of  iBCM    Ail3r)«IM«iponl»«Mi^« 
M^OMcMlait.  Mtffarlhewiff,1dspattinli 


iMti  tD  ttiBt  Um,  wkMMT  to     * 


AmvMkf9miwmwmMkiflkf$ 

fVUtmj  mien  1km  iimkMf nmuim%§    Mad  wnlud  Don  Joill 


Mio    (mdmil 


hf  Ae  iJJMBiwinM  whIA  Tkt  tmfBmy  tmoom  of  4^ 

li  laMg  Hw  mionk    On  flpminido     hid    mAuoMI     4no 

ii|»  to*  «f  /une,  tibe  Congiwi  iiiiwwMu  otfcot    *nt  it  Mt  ok^ 

^     ni  tin  iwowilof  tto  fpypyn*  oiltd  ti^r  aommnrito  tolk  ^ 

rto'nuifilo.    Onthettad,  OofaMM»iiSlChil4,tnc        ' 

fumd  ihdotiug Hiai  orivft to  tiM  utmoflin  i 

of  Don  Joa4  io  lo  iiAiiiWMMiU  to  dwM^  i 

atpoHUentof^  oraoe  thotr  otm  vpm  hpipttoMy 

npniilie,  had  ceased;  ind  an  IN  oonnootod.    The  FrnHno  CbMN 

Mv^  bj  mother  dooMO^  pottpoirts  tot^ei^ewnotUnBtJwni  onilfcoy 

moonrtciodtoho  gifvnn  tohini,  again  hoeaao  the  aaaOatti.    CUft- 

laenMehiniaokaiPodioteRitorf  tame,  on  hb  utanU,  waa  nnnb 

of  itm  iopuldh^  and  lellie  to  a  haianwdin  pandng  thtfUMMainii 

fainaanberdotnnBiaod  on  bjr  Ae  andfwnonouunteiod,  toAohagtfc< 

oapanMOBllitaiyMidiori^.    Rtvn  ning  of  8oplenibor>  hjr  Iho  Colmn* 

tiann,  imwnfo^  fawtoad  of  anh*  hiwi  fcaooa  ouniiiianinii  hy  gtnertJ 

wmkg  to  ihoM  dodoos,  Hod  io  fanpo,  t4Mn   an  aadan  entuod/ 

1bai»AonCalhio,aoQonipanM  whMl oniad hiiha total Mhat  of 

Igr  nmnl  aaesbora  of  the  Con.  Aaioyallita.    A  saaond afldf  took 


ewha  alill  adhoMd  to  him.    plaooat  Ln  INw^akygeandiNmig 
aaai  "  *" 


not^oaa,  to  donf  Aa  on*    team  in    tho  tattiior  ^  9mm, 

ovihof^htofiMCoi^irefla    ooeooM   hf  •  ditUon  of  tko 

*  ••  wfJm  t  •         ^  M^- 


l»  lajHiui  Un  in  any  noaadM    n^raHit  tnon 
«Ufllthothonghtoondori«o«oAo    ftnm  dMt  fiat  by  ft  doiaiiiftuait 
of*  Bam.    He  aftatnaida    of  the  I^mnrima 


ml  an  oniap  or  doAno  dhnnfaa-  ganaral  Santa  Onta^nadao 

jjdbonaMMy^andthenfiMaaed  witii  tho  fonmant  of  tto 

«4Mntoof  X!l,«f  hia  own  flhooi«  Canterao^  to  votixo  upon 

a&at^Wlmi  bead  lie  placed  him-  9ome  othat  nikafy    aywaaim 

«K     Hn  and  all  bw  foUomia  nndcnlaeainthatnunthtofwhlih 

^aan daJiiiil  taaitoiato the  atate t  aaiy  mfciam  iiaaanntt  i^eangittn 

biklBrtead  of  TOtumfaigtobbedip  by  tha   oyponio   ftsnk^      Hlo 

owfchtiwtiabfrd  twy  fa  Ae  SpaniA nannak anfeitad, ll^ 

«n^oedf«ip9aaof  maaobitigupan  twle  af  tha  amy  rf  giMnl 

Una  Santo  Cni»,6«iWatrtn»diifeiaad 

'-btf^atnto  of  dtatmotlonjlie  tipftoa a  yaiy inferior IM»«  w{di# 

MBW  OTointfd  gonerul  |)<m  oot«ghtii«$  thgtttanuQnitlid 

imJkifmf^^img^  wjA  a  Im  anaaliy;  iwd  that  thn 

arthcaity  of  the  I  niBit  ftipm  USS^  md  nil  thi 


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A  NWfn^L  R'BtJlSfTXtti  1823. 


hnd,  lli^«taleiiieiit«f'tliepatfiol8 
WM^  tltttSMita  Crufl^  having  pedu» 

pied  tao  great  ao^ittnt  of  oomttvyv 
DBUDivcd  ofdets  uon  general  Sucre 
to  leliie  inon  Arequ^  iot  tibe 
pvpoee  of  ronMig  a  jonciaon  with 
tito  maia  ha^  of  Die  vdofeadrnt 
tatmf,  and  that  general  Gamana 
wee  at  ike  aaae  tbne  diieoted  to 
ML  bock  upon  Bfo^fuegte.  In 
:  these  evdetfs,  oooaflional 
toek  pleoe  with  the 
in  whidi  boith  adee  sue- 
eene  Ion.  The  anny  of 
^_Cnui  wee>  howet<er>  aooeai* 
'  by  B,  wuaSber  of  n^roes, 
wh^  having  noehoes,  were  unaUe 
to  flUHrah  alonff  the  difficult  roads, 
through  whidi  the  retreat  was 
oonducted.  These  men  and  some 
law  recruifes^  raised  at  LaPaa^  ioB^ 
tpned,  and  some  where  taken,  and 
otVets  killed :  and  on  this  trifling 
drcumstance  the  royalists  were 
«aidto  have  founded  theaceeunt 
ef  dM  total  defeat  of  Santa  C^rua. 
:  On  the  Ist  of  September,  Boli« 
var  arrived  at  Cal]ao>  and  on  the 
same  day,  hastewed  to  die  a^ital, 
where  he  viras  reoeived  with  rap- 
turotos  extacies  of  applause.  Chi 
the  fcAlowiM  day,  tibe  sovereign 
constituent  (ingress  passisd  a  S^ 
cre^  iqppinliag  him  to  the  office 
of  tcnauurtuiff  the  diffieulties  oon« 
set^nent  on  &»  existence  of  the 
government  of  Biva-Aguero,  in  a 
pari  of  the  republie ,  since  Jane 
M;  aad  eonfernng  upon  him  the 
necessary  powers  for  the  aecom« 
pUshm^t  of  that  enterprise. 

Anoither  decree  oanfendl  upon 
him,  under  the  name  of  "  Deliver- 
er," ftnt,  the  supfeaie  military 
imthority ;  second,  directorial  poli« 
tical  authority  as  connected  with 
tfaa  affinrs  of  war?  and  thkdl^> 
tl|t  Iweutt  ef  Libeaakor  tr  Dwi 


inaU  the  tsadtoiy  of  A» 
republic* 

On  ^  10th,  Bolivar  mssDled 
hkadf  in  tiie  Natkmal  Coaan4 
and,  addnised  to  that  boj^r,  t 
qjeech  of  thanks  for  the  nmMMMH 
whidi  they  had  reposed  in  lam. 
"<  llie  soidicni"  said  he, '' whahsl 
ooam  fimn  the  Fkite,  Um  M  airi<i 
the  Maffdaleaa»  and  the  Oanote,  Si 
the  dehverers  of  Pent,  worid  net 
letnm  to  th^  naliwe  eauatryi  tiB 
they  were  oorveiFed  with  kard^ 
tiya  they  ooidd  pass  under  CfimflMl 
arehee,  nor  till  they  ednM  csh^ 
off  as  trophies  tlte  etMid^ 
tile.  They  w31ooii|uea  and  Jeeve 
Peru  free,  or  th^  win  die.  TUif 
promise." 

He  nnmediately  proceeded  to 
the  exercise  of  the  authorities  with 
which  he  was  inveeled:  bat  hk 
first  act  was  not  very  paktable  to 
the  people;  for  it  confts^Jn. 
Iev3ring  a  contributioa  of  a  hundred 
thousand  doUacs,  which  was^^iickly 
followed  by  a  sdauae  ef  e&  tbe 
horses  and  mules.  The  auxilis^ 
troops  fiom  Chite  and  Columto 
had  arrived.  When  the  wh* 
Independent  feeca  was  mmMf^ 
it  was  expected  that  it  wwlt 
amount  to  upwards  of  ei^teaa 
thousuidmen.  The  royalists  ooidd 
not  muster  in  Upper.  Perui  laota 
than  twelva  thoasand:  so  theta 
speedy  termination  to   this  pr»> 

•  The  prewnblc  to  these  decrees  rtW 
that!  <«6eeir<Ai8«f  aveidbigbyana» 
metm  which  prudtnee  didetes>  the 
evila  piodttoed  by  dvil  discord,  etp«^ 
ally  when  there  are  foreign  enenues  w 
combat,  and  having  the  highest  coiin- 
dence  hi  the  Ifbeimting  Prewdent  « 
Columbia,  fltroon  Bdlvar,  whose  V^ 
teetion  the  oovei^gn  anthcArity,  dm 
solicited  as  the  only  means  of  e*''**!?** 
dating  the  national  liberties  ^^5; 
last  affgreseion  of  the  9pcnl«r«|  vn 
soverrian  eoastttoeat  CoagreM  I*** 
da>ifeaaslWloiv8«'< 


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HISTORY  QV  EUR0P1. 


fStt 


aaUdpated. 

On*  obstacle  alone  diveii«d  the 
effinta  of  BoUwr  fipom  beiog  di- 
i^eetad  exdMsiydy  i^gaintt  the 
fi^paaiaids.  Riva^Agueio  was 
stiQ  at  XxivqUoj  daatnin^^  the  su*- 
l^ram^  ]power>  esnrcidnff  it  within 
a  eeitain  distekt^  and  raveatening 
hoaliliries  with  a  coniideraMe  fiwpee. 
9^Tar,  upon  his  fij»t  avriTal  in 
limay  had  vi^nUem  to  this  nan  in 
Tecy  firiendly  tenasy  to  induce  him 
to  ^Mst  ftom  his  career  of  hostility 
and  luorpatiaii^  and  oftrin^  him 
hia  mediation  %xiA  friendship  in 
hffingiag  matters  to  a  final  accam- 
mod^km.*     This   fetter   having 

*  The  fbUowing  was  the  letter  written 
by  Bolivar  on  this  occasion  : 

To  Sen.  Pon  Joie  Riva  Aguerou 

.      .  X^wfo^  4th  Sept,»  1883. 

^  My  dear  Friend^t  is  with  Infinite 
|Min  that  1  have  to  address  you  on  a 
naUter  the  most  unpleasant,  and  at  the 
same  ttee  the  most  momentous  which 
can  ooeur  la  the  life  of  a  public  cfaarac* 
ler. 

*'  It  is  unnecessary  at  this  period  to 
enter  into  an  investigation  of  the  cause 
ef  Mferenoe  between  yourself  Mid  the 
Ouagiem,  or  evea  to  aoalyie  the  cha- 
mcfcrofii.  TbefluAiSyyoaarenDwat 
opca.war  with  the  national  representa* 
fioa  of  your  country.  This  representa- 
tive assembly  was  convoked  by  the  foun- 
der of  Hs  liberty,  and  has  been  acknow- 
kaftd  bf  the  puUie  aulboiities  and 
pe^e  of  Pbru.  You  youiself  owed 
your  elevation  to  the  presidency  to  this 
»semt>Iy.  It  Is  tlierefbre  beyond  all 
4odb(,  that  ftha  aatbority  of  a  body 
elected  hy  the  nation  can  never  be  aa* 
aulled  \^  any  individual  of  whatever 
rank  he  may  be ;  and  much  less  by  you. 
who  was  one  of  the  principal  agents  in 
the  establishment  of  popular  represent 
tatisaiand  to  whiob,M  prtsident,  yoii 
have  solemnly  taken  the  oath  of  obqdi* 
enee.  In  ft^  my  friend,  the  principki 
I  believe,  does  not  admit  of  discussion  : 
let  us  see  what  will  be  the  result  of  a  line 
ef  eondaet  ia  oppositkNi  to  it. 

*^  Baoaapaite  in  fiampey  and  Itac- 
Ude  In  AnieilGa,  weie  tbt  flmt  wtnm* 


prodtioed  no  eftctj  a  i 
eatkm  for  an  amicable  f 
waa  made  to  him  in  October.  The 
aeoond  attempt  was  equally  inelGMi* 
tual  with  the  fiinner:  sothataetiva 
warfare  was  the  oalyaltemativ«r 
In  Novemher,  Bolivar  embarked 
Ids  troops,  in  coniuaction  with  the 
Chiliaa  fiyrce  under  gsaenl  Sua^ 
and  landed  in  tM  vicinity  of 
Tnudllo.  The  cavaky  of  the  ra»- 
hds  immediately  reivolted;  aiil 
ELva-Anguero  imd  his  primipal 
officers  weretaken  priam>eia,aimnst 
without  resistance. 

The  change  of  admiaistiratiim  in 
Chile,  which  ocanmenced  towaidi 
the  end  of  18S2,  was  oomplited  in 

I   ■    ■■         » 

dinary  men,  each  in  his  sphere,  which 
modem  history  presents ,  to  the  world. 
Although  benefiictors  of  their  oountrv, 
and  promoters  of  its  national  indepeml- 
eoce,  they  b^ve  bsea  umdAs  Soeacspe 
ruin  merely  on  aoeount  of  their  poUlloal 
sacrilege  in  profaning  the  tempTe  of  th^ 
laws  and  the  sanctuary  of  social  rights. 
You  to  this  have  added  tte  most  scan- 
dalous outrage  oa  the  persons  of  yoar 
ninisten.  I  think  vou  caaaot  beinsea* 
sible  to  the  united  clamours  of  indigna- 
tion excited  amon^  all  classes  of  mea 
at  what  took  place  m  Truxillo,  and  which 
beliefe  me,  is  the  bkiclcest  stain  that  has 
suUted  the  rsvolutkm  of  America ;  eea* 
S6(|uentiy  you  can  expect  aothiM  bal 
maledictions  in  this  oountiy,  and  dis* 
approbation  in  Europe.  1.  notwith- 
standing, make  you  a  tender  of  my 
friendship,  and  ofier  yoo  all  the  proteo- 
tioa  which  n^  8ituatk>a  oaa  aflbm.    If 


you  are  incUned  to  accept  my  (^ 
offices,  colonel  Urdaneta  and  Mr.  Oalr 
deano  are  authorized  to  accommodate 
Blatters  with  you,  as  well  as  with  those 
who  are  acting  under  you  in  this  horrible 
a^Bur. 

''The  ruin  of  Peru  is  inevitable,  should 
the  acceptance  of  these  generous  oflfars 
be  delayed ;  by  your  refusing  them,  ysn 
can  expect  nothiag  but  the  slavery  ef 
your  oountryi  and  >'our  execmtion  by 
every  American.  Public  opinion  wHl  be 
so  decidedly  expressed  against  you,  tbat 
not  even  in  your  own  conscience  wiA 
you  beaUe  to  find  aQasjrlumt  Thai 
yott  oryoarpartAiaai  caaefir  fule  bi 


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i§Si    ANMVAL  REGISTER,  1823. 


the  present  year.  !Redngues,  th6 
rainutcor  ef  finance,  and  the  most 
ictive  of  tbe  individuals  who  wert 
eonoefne^  in  the  government  under 
tfKg^tns  as  supreme  director,  had 
lately  caused  the  duties  on  impor- 
tation to  he  raised,  and  new  Custom* 
house  regulations  to  he^  introduced. 
These  ];m)duGed  universal  discon- 
tent among  the  merchants,  and 
lent  strengui  to  the  sentiments  of 
dSssatisffuSon  with  the  existing 
^oflsegsora  of  power,  which  had 
mig  been  on  the  increase.  Amid 
ihe  financial  difficulties  of  the  coun- 
tj,  the  pay  and  supplies  necessary 
m  the  troops  had  not  been  regu- 
larly ftimished :  and  the  military 
fbrce,  which  was  stationed  under 
generalFr^rreinthedi^trictofCon- 
peption,  had  been  for  some  time 
abandcmed  to  the  resoiinces  of  the 
province  without  any  aid  from  the 
general  government.  These  troops^^ 
Piith  their  comma^er  at  their 
head,  declared  their  dissatisfaction 
with  the  authorities  at  St  Jago ; 
and  the  povinces  of  Conception 

|fi '    HI  anii^)»i  <ii»ii  ■!     iwwi      ■    I   i»jii  iwn 

LlipB.  is  out  ef  the  question.  One  and 
•U  0r  ua  wUl  become  the  avengers  ot 
^m ;  nor,  If  the  enemy  again  subjects 
fMir  eoontiy  tb  the  Spanish  yoke,  can 
ye«)  0««n4n  this  ease,  obtahi  what  you 
aspire  alkeiv  PfamHy,  rest  assured,  diat 
ao  nropitious  fortune  can  alter  the  prln« 
ctpies  of  natural  order  which  )'ou  have 
Irampled  upon,  and  ^ts  affair  will  prove 
aaource  (rffemorse  which  will  accompany 
you  to  the  gimve. 

^  Have  the  goodness,  my  dear 
Mead,  0  par^  the  frankness  of  my 
txpoeftion.  Having  been  actuated  by 
no  unworthy  pergonal  motive,  but  con- 
•tttmed  the  head  of  an  independent 
•late,  I  couM  not,  without  ikilinff  in  my 
duty,  remalii  silent  on  the  su^ect  of 
jour  conduct,  which,  at  the  present  un- 
"*PP7  period,  may  produce  incalculablo 
antsehfeflo  America.  On  the  other  hand, 
I  eannot  Ngel  what  you  have  done  for 
AmeHca«  and  part^^ujariy  fbar  Peru,  of 
iHmc  imm  ysu  were  |h«  saviour. 


and  Coquihibo  made  common  eausff 
with  them.  Rodrigues  was  the 
principal  object  c/thor  dis[deasure ; 
and  O'Higgins,  whose  respecta- 
bility of  chajnuster  was  admitted  Vy 
all,  was  at  first  excasted  from  thw 
declared  enmity.  As  the  head  of 
the  existinff  government,  however, 
it  was  his  auty  to  resist  the  insur- 
gents ;  and  in  January,  he  b^an  to 
assemble  troops  on  the  northern 
bank  of  the  Maule  to  stop  their 
progress  and  overawe  thw  ptfh 
oeedinjgs.  He  vras  then  included 
m  theur  denunciations ;  the  public 
dpinion  was  with  them :  both  he 
and  Rodrigues  resigned ;  and  the 
executive  authority  was  plaeed 
in  the  hands  of  a  jimta  ot  three 
persons. 

Greneral  Freyre  continued  feis 
march  towards  St.  Jago  ]  and  on 
the  15lh  of  February,  encamped 
within  three  leagues  of  it  The^ 
the  municipality  and  principal  in« 
habitants  of  the  dty  paid  him  con* 

rtulatory  vidts,  cmd  weloomed 
approach.  It  was  intimated  to 
him  by  the  provisional  govemmentx 
that  they  were  wUling  to  resign  in 
his  favour;  but  general  Fre3rrere« 
fbsed  the  honoiur,  replying  that  he 
came  not  to  assume  the  reins  of 
government,  but  to  see  it  e^K 
Bshed  on  a  solid  basis ;  that,  hii 
only  object  being  the  w^are  of 
his  country,  he  would  perform  his 
duty,  in  protecting  the  rights  and 
liberties  of  bis  fiouotrymcn«  and 
assisting  in  the  removal  of  tho 
abuses  which  had  crept  into  the 
former  administration.  It  wa4 
only  after  bein^  aoUpited  l^  x^ 
peatad  deputations,  that  he  eon* 
septed,  on  the  Q2nd,  to  march  Into 
^e  capital  at  the  bead  of  his  troops, 
which  bad  lately  be^n  joine4  V 
500  cavalry  &oa  Conoeptimu  0^ 
the  eaih,  a  aMeting  took  place  at 
tiie  geyemaeBt-hoiise,  kt  wUdi 


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gpmnl  Freyre  idknowladged  iim 
provtaonal  govemmenty  as  compe- 
tent to  act  until  ^  assembling  d 
congress.  In  Maich,  three  wob 
nsional  assemblies  net^  to  regulate 
the  mode  of  electing  d^uties  from 
the  difierent  provinces  to  the  con« 
Ijress,  It  was  determined  that  the 
3ee^n  should  be  popular,  and  on 
the  scale  a[  one  deputy  (or  eveiy 
15J000  inhabitants. 

The  provinces  were  not  satisfied 
witli  a  junta  elected  without  their 
eoncurrence  in  St.  Jagc^  and  com* 
j^oaea  exclusively  (d  inhabitants  (4 
that  city.  It  was  therefcHre  held 
eiqpedient  to  place  the  ea^ecutive 
fswer  in  a  single  hand :  and,  on 
the  Jfd  of  April,  Freyre  was  in« 
stsJled  in  the  office  ai  director  by 
^eaipotentiaries  from  the  provi- 
jio^  assemblies. 

During  the  remainder  of  the 
year,  the  Chilian  government  wag 
(jiiefly  occupied  widi  making  the 
requiate  preparations  fbr  assisting 
Peru  to  expel  the  Spaniards.  To 
tliis  purpose  was  devoted  a  conside* 
nUe  part  o£  the  proceeds  of  the 
hwi,  which  had  been  raised  in 
fiiuriand  in  die  preceding  year. 

fiueoos  Aynes  continud  to  pxosk 

Er  under  the  administration  of 
radavia.    So  {hpoo^tous  was  the 
state  of  theflnaneei^that  the  revenue 
for  the  first  six  months  of  the  cur^ 
rent  year  exceeded  the  expenses  by 
several  hundred  thousand  dollars. 
The  interior  of  the  country  was 
still  occasionally  disturbed  by  armed 
bands,  who  annoyed  and  sometimes 
plundered  the  unprotected  inhabi- 
tants of  the  plains.     The  privilege 
which  the  nulitaiy  had  enjoyed  of 
not  beinff  amenable  to  the  civil 
courts  of  justice,  was  abolished, 
and  all  dtixens,  without  exception, 
were  declared  subject  to  one  and 
the  same  law.    The  government 
was  much  dissatisfied  with  the  pro* 


empercnr  of  Braail,  who  was  endeai* 
vouring  to  annex  to  his  dmainjifflf 
Monte  video,  together  wi^  iht 
Banda  Oriental  (the  east  sidetif 
the  river  Plate) ;  though  BUenOe 
Ayres  had  always  eUamed  thai 
fortress  and  that  province  as  pail 
of  her  confederate  territoiy.  Im 
cnder  to  arrange  the  disputoi  k 
flenipotentiary  was  sent  ftm 
Buenos  Ayres  to  Bio  di  Janeim*  • 

On  the  4th  of  Julyi^  a  plrelim» 
nary  ccmvention  was  sigoed  t^ 
Pereyra  and  Robla  commisaonett 
frcmi  Spain  on  the  One  jpar^  ini 
Rivadavia  on  tiie  otbo"!  by  wiiitii 
hostilities  between  the  motk^ 
coimtry  and  her  colonies  wete 
Buq^ttnded,  and  Ae  basis  Was  laid 
for  a  permanent  peace.  By  b  la# 
of  the  same  date,  die  exeoudte  wte 
invested  with  power,  upon  the 
oondusion  of  a  definitive  treat/ 
founded  on  that  eontendon^  to  m^ 
godate  with  the  other  itidepttldent 
states  of  South  America  for  tctihg 
to  Spain,  in  order  to  assist  her  in 
the  stru^le  with  France,  the  sanle 
sum  which  die  Flinch  ishambela 
had  granted  for  eanying  an  title 
war  agldnst  hd*.  lliis  viask^  if 
matur^  midiit  have  had  die.h^ 
piest  resuks  by  oonnecdng  the  t^ 
eognidon  of  the  indepeMenss  of 
die  colonies  with  the  ^tcoDedtion 
of  benefits  received  by  the  parent 
state.  Unfortunately,  die  pomwb 
of  events  in  Spain  rendered  all 
these  schemes  abortive. 

In  August,  a  slight  misunder« 
standing  on  a  point  of  etiquette 
occurred  between  the  govenunent 
of  Buenos  Ayres  und  captain 
Willis,  of  the  Brazen  sloop  of  war, 
which  was  stationed  in  the  river 
Plate.  It  hadbeenthepracdeeof 
English  men  of  war  lying  in  the 
outer  roads  of  Buenos  A3rres,  to 
board  all  English  vessels  bound  in« 


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^mi    ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1823. 


waxdft;  bat  t^  gorermiieitt  Iiad 
lat^  sMioiied  a  gun*brig  in  the 
outer  roads,  with  orders  to  board 
all  vessels  enterins;,  before  any  boat 
ham  the  Eneli£  sloop  of  war 
should  visit  them.  Accordingly, 
a  boat  being  sent  from  the  Brazen, 
to  board  an  inward  bound  ship,  it 
was  fired  on  by  the  gun-boat. 
Captain  WilHs  demanded  an  apolo* 
jgy  from  the  government,  which 
was  vrfused,  and  a  onrres^ndence 
cinsued  between  him  and  Rivadavia, 
in  which  it  must  be  confessed  the 
advantM^e  in  respect  of  good  sense 
and  imwcrtiHiftn'was liot  on  the  side 
of  our  countryman.  At  last,  the 
latter  was  oi^ered  on  board  his 
ship  within  two  hours.  With  this 
order  he  complied,  but  declared 
his  determination  to  prevent  all 
En^sh  vessels  from  entering,  and 
prooseded  immediately  to  act  on 
that  determinaticm.  On  the  des- 
^patches  with  this  intelligence 
reaching  Rio  de  Janeiro,  su*  T. 
Hardy  immediatdy  sailed  for  the 
river  Plate.  ^pon  his  arrival 
there,  the  governor  of  Buenos 
Ayres,  tiurough  a  person  deputed 
for  that  purpose,  scmcited  some  ex- 
.pressum  of  opinion  on  his  part 
•with  regard  to  the  corre^ndence 
•whidi  had  taken  place  between 
.Ihaa  and  captain  Willis ;  but  he 
replied,  that  as  the  afiair  had  al- 
ready been  referred  to  the  British 
govf^ment,  he  saw  no 


fbr  his  interference.  On  qtiei- 
tionim  Ae  messenger  what  sort  of 
reception  he  himseu  might  expect 
if  hepaid  a  visit  to  Buenos  Ayres, 
sir  Ilicattas  Hardy  was  informed 
that  the  members  of  the  ffovem- 
ment  were  most  anxious  for  that 
honour,  and  that  he  m^^  depend 
on  every  act  of  courtesy  and  atten- 
tion which  it  was  i^  th«r  power 
to  offer  him.  While  the  admiid 
remained  diere,  the  utmost  har- 
mony existed  between  him  and  the 
native  authorities ;  so  that  all  ^ 
appr^ensions  were  efiaced,  which 
had  been  excited  by  the  dispite 
with  captain  Willis. 

Ha3rti  continued  tranquiL  To 
remove  the  alarms  whic^  some  ei* 
tertained  with  re^)ect  to  the  danger 
which  might  arise  to  the  Euxopeaa 
West^In&n  oolonies  firom  inter- 
course with  a  free  negro  state,  the 
president  Boy6r,  on  the  20^  of 
March,  issued  a  proclamation  for- 
bidding Haytian  vessels  to  anchor 
or  touch  at  any  of  the  neighbouring 
islMids. 

Porto  Rico  renewed  its  dedam- 
tion  of  independence,  after  the 
news  arrived  of  Ferdinand's  depar- 
ture from  Cadia.  The  project  of 
the  ad  venturers,  who  had  established 
themselves  there  towards  the  end 
of  the  former  year  under  the  style 
of  a  new  repuUic,  was  suppressed ; 
and  some  of  the  participators  in  it 
were  executed. 


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CHRONICLE, 


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CHRONICLE. 


JANUARY. 

TIE  following  is  the  official 
statement  oT  tHe  qtiantity  of 
wine  exported  from  Oporto  during 
the  year  1822,  viz — ^To  England 
and  its  dependencies,  27,535  pipes ; 
Hambiugh,  111;  Holland,  87; 
South  America,  20 ;  Denmark,  19 ; 
Sweden>  l6 ;  L<c^hom,  6 ;  Trieste 
S  ;  Genoa,  2  ;  Russia,  1 ;  France,  K 
.  FenBioN  Stock  Exchanob. — 
A  loom  was  opened  in  Capd- 
pourt, .  closely  adjoining  the  Stock 
Exchange,  for  effecting  transao- 
tioQS  in  the  foreign  securities, 
whick  liad  been  previously  con- 
ilucted  openly  on  the  Royal  Exp 


iriLD  WoMAN^ — ^A  wild  woman 
was  lately  found  in  Spain,  in 
the  Siena  de  Montero,  a  desolate 
and  rnde  range  ol  mountains  in 
Ihe  south.  1^  had  been  seen 
trcasionally  by  the  goat-herds,  as 
they  wandered  through  the  moun- 
Iaiii8»  The  tale  at  kngth  reach<' 
ed  Gxdova,  and  the  authori- 
ties sent  officers  in  pursuit  of  her, 
who  succeeded  in  apprehending 
her,  uad  lodged  her  in  one  of  the 
Sfdilic  luMpitals  of  that  city.  She 
was  not  altogether  destitute  of  un- 
dentao4m>  nor  ignorani  of  lan- 
gatgp,  fs  ihecould  say.a  few  words, 
mi^B^  pepa  (papa),  goto  (a  cjt), 
pmf^ibtemmtrjj,  and  some  ISiw 
attflkp-  When  dM  was  asked,  if  she 
wqqjjl  like  to  retum  to  the  eoun- 
Iry^  ihe  nodded  her  head  in  the  af- 
finitive. She  eat  whatever  was 
men  to  her,  but  preferred .  un- 
Vol.  LXV. 


cooked  meats  and  vegetables.  At 
first,  cooked  victuals  did  not  a^rea 
wUh  her,  and  made  her  sick; 
she  eat  wiUi  an  extraordinary 
aupetite ;  her  clothes  appeared  as 
it  they  w^re  placed  on  a  stick ;  her 
arms  were  tied,  because  she  was 
always  tearing  hcT  shoes,  in  spite 
of  evert-^  care  thiU  was  taken  t^  pre- 
vent her.  Sometimes  site  threw 
off  all  her  garments,  and  ran  out 
quite  naked.  She  has  been  found, 
after  as  interval  of  tv^o  days,  coiled 
up  in  a  place  full  of  mire  ;  and  at 
another  time  she  has  l)een  disco^ 
vcred  in  the  dunghill  of  the  stable. 
She  wa^  about  sixteen  years  old,  of 
a  short  stature*  a  deep  brown  co- 
lour, protruding  lips,  and  so  rough 
as  in  utpearance  almost  to  resemble 
a  wdf  She  slept  by  dgy  m  well 
as  by  night,  without  any  regularity, 
and  generally  coiled  up*  Some- 
times her  sleep  continued  fox 
twenQr*eight  houn  successivdy, 
dther  in  bed  nr  on  the  ground, 
with  or  without  covering.  She 
kept  her  eyes  mostly  closed,  and 
when  she  was  alone,  she  would 
cryfor  three  hours  together,  andfor 
the  next  three  hours  would  laugh* 
The  duke  de  Riva,  the  constitu* 
tional  alcaide  of  Cordova,  took  a 
great  deal  of  trouble  to  find  out  the 
oriffin  af  this  femak  j  but  it  baSed 
alihis inquiries.  It  was  supposed 
that  she  belonged  to  parents  not 
Itss  wfld  than  herself,  who  were 
still  undiscovered  in  the  moimtainff* 
.  Fbbnou  Marriages,  —  The 
following  udvertbcment  appeared 
lately  in  the  Feticea  AfficHes  of 
B 


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£lB5t$ 


Paru :— -''  Marnage»— Aie  afiere^i 
1.  Three  young  ladies^  aged  from 
20  to  25,  with  1^500  francs  por- 
tion. 2.  Pour  yoimg  Ikdies^  noni 
18  to  24/  with  4,000  fhmcs  &tto: 
3.  Two  young  ladies,  from  28  to 
38,  with  8,000  francs  ditto,  and 
20,000  more  in  expectation.  .  4. 
Two  voung  ladies,  from  17  to  18, 
with  whom  can  be  guaranteed  from 
60,000  to  80,000  francis.  5.  Two 
young  kdies  from  18  to  19>  with 
50,000  francs.  6.  Two  widows, 
from  45  to  50,  with  incomes  of 
2^400  and  3,000  francs.  Address 
to  M.  Adolplic,  rue  Feydeau. 
(His  office  is  open  on  Sunday.)" 

2.  Execution. — Robert  Hart- 
ley was  executed  on  Penenden- 
^eath,  near  Maidstone,  for  wilfully 
Stabbing  captain  Owen,  of  the 
BeUerophon  convict  ship,  lying  at 
Sheerness,  on  the  29th  0£  August 
last. 

From  the  time  of  his  condemna- 
tion till  the  evening  before  his  exe- 
cution, the  unhappy  man  behaved 
in  the  most  hardened  and  inmeni- 
tent  manner  ;  stating  bis  disoelief 
of  a  future  existence,  and  disregard- 
ing the  exliortalions  of  tlio  chaplain 
to  the  gaol.  He  was  wont  to  speak 
of  bis  many  offences  with  exulta- 
tiouj  and  confessed  upwards  of  200 
burglaries  and  robberies  committed 
by  him  from  the  age  of  ten  yeiffs 
to  the  present  time.  Oa  Sunday 
last  J  one  of  the  turnkeys  asked  him 
if  he  was  not  cold ;  he  said,  '*  No ; 
but  I  ishaU  be  a  d — d  sight  colder 
thi*?  night  week,  or  else  hotter,  1 
don't  know  which  yet,  but  I  will 
come  back  and  let  you  know."  On 
Monday  he  said>  "  If  1  Was  to  be 
set  at  liberty  to- nighty  I  should  do 
sotnething  beftire  morning  to  get 
in  agaiiL  On  WedTu\sday  He  re- 
quested one  of  the  turnkeys  to  gp 
for  the  surgeon  of  the  gmA,  sayings 
he  wi^ed  to  sell  his  kidy,  for  he 


was  sure  the  resorrectiaiMiien 
would  stick  a  knife  into  him.  In 
the  evening,  he,  for  the  first  time, 
joined  in  ^yefi^  dhd  fo|pented  to 
receive  the  sacrament  in  the  nxnm- 
ing.  The  chaplain  visited  him 
again  at  eight  o'clock  on  Thursday 
morning,  when  he  .  said  he  had 
slept  very  weU  till  idwut  three 
o'clock,  ftom  which  timehe  jn| 
much  harassed  with  shoddjag 
dreams.  He  received  the  sacni- 
ment,  and  appeared  much  afiected: 
but,  upon  being  asked,  whether,  it 
he  was  discharged^  he  should  lead 
an  honest  life,  he  replied,  *'  No,  he 
should  go  on  the  same  way  again." 
About  ten  minutes  before  he  left 
the  ^1,  he  requested  to  see  Oliver 
and  Lewis,  two  pisoners  leftfopr 
execution  for  a  burglary  at  Chan- 
ton,  but  who  had  received  a  re^te 
during  his  majesty's  pleasure.  The 
two  unhappy  men,  upon  seeing 
Hartley,  shook  hands  with  him. 
They  were  greatly  distressed,  shed 
tears,  and  ejaculated  a  short  prayed 
to  the  Almiffhty  to  have  mercy 
upon  their  felh)w-sufikrer.  Hart* 
ley  said,  ^  Don't  fiet,  mates ; 
there's  nothing  the  matter;"  aoiS 
after  taking  leave  of  them^  wd,  in 
a  firm  voice-—**  I  am  ready  now,** 
At  ten  minutes  after  11  o^cteck. 
the  gates  at  the  entrance  of  m 
gaol  were  thrown  open,  and  di^ 
culprit  appeared .  seat^  in  a  waff^ 
gon,  guoroed  by  the  usual  attend? 
ants.  He  held  in  his  hand  a 
prayer-book.  On  his  way  to  the 
heath  he  repeatedly  bowed  to  per- 
sons in  the  crowd,  and  shook  hands 
with  two  or  three  near  the  gabl^ 
On  coming  to  the  brow  of  the 
heath,  where  the  gallOTiV's  first  ^ 
peared  in  view,  he  looked  tqwsDrai 
it,  Bnd  smiled ;  on  arriving  pt  iSbt 
spot,  the  chaplain  read  a  very  un^ 
pressive  prayer,  to  which  the  un- 
happy man  appealed  to  pay  gteol 


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a 


ftmtieii ;  at  the  conclusion,  he 
Sicended  the  scaffold,  and  in  a  firm 
voice  said,  *'  I  be^  you  will  excuse 
all  imperfections  in  my  speech :  I 
hope  jou  will  all  take  warning  by 
my  fate;  there  are  manypersonsin 
dus  assembled  multitude  whose 
hces  I  very  vreU  know,  and  who, 
I  am  afraid,  if  they  do  not  alter 
their  wicked  course  of  life,  will  be 
sommcmed  to  appear  before  God 
with  all  their  sins  upon  them  ;  in 
whose  presence  I  shall  shortly  be. 
There  are  many  of  you  that  may 
not  perhaps  be  guilty  of  all  crimes 
-*you  may  not  lie  nor  swear,  but 
you  have  been  guilty  of  many  of- 
fences, for  whi(£  you  deserve  to  die 
in  the  manner  I  am  about  to  do 
now."  He  stopped  short,  hb  feel« 
ngsa^wared  to  overcome  him,  and 
msr  a  pause  he  saidj  "  I  must  b^ 
vardoB,  I  cannot  go  any  farther." 
W  then  turned  to  the  executioner, 
and  whilst  he  was  putting  the  rope 
round  Uie  beam,  said,  "  Do  not  be 
long  about  it — let  me  feel  what 
drop  3rou  have  given  me."  He  then 
leaned  forward  to  try  the  length 
of  the  rope,  and  said,  "  That  will 
do — the  knot  is  too  much  under 
my  jaw."  The  executioner  moved 
it  towards  his  chin ;  when  he  said, 
*^  It  is  now  too  much  under  my 
dm."  When  the  rope  was  ad« 
Justed,  he  said,  ''  Put  on  the  cap 
now."  When  drawn  over  his  face, 
he  said,  **  Let  me  draw  it  off  my 
mouth."  When  he  had  removed 
die  cap,  he  said  with  aloud  voioe-^ 
^'  Lord  Jesus,  into  thy  hands  I 
eoounit  my  sjpmt — oray  let  this  be 
a  wamii^  to  you  au — I  vmh  you 
fill  a  happy  new  year :" — he  was 
then  launched  into  eternity;  he 
was  much  convulsed,  and  strugK^^ 
fiiriO  minutes  after  the  drop^lL 
S.    Dublin. CoNSPiRAcr 

AQAINBT  THB  LoRD  LlBVTXNANT. 

Oublm  CbaiiiiiMf0fi«_About  half- 


past  two  o'clock  it  was  amtiounced 
to  the  Court,  that  the  grand  jury 
of  the  city  of  Dublin,  afto  two 
days  close  inquiry,  had,  in  effect, 
ignored  all  Uie  bills  against  the 
persons  accused  of  the  riot  in  the 
theatre.  There  were  two  bi]l»-^ 
one  for  a  conspiracy  to  riot,  and 
the  other  for  a  simple  riot«  The 
first  was  ignored,  llie  bills  were 
found  against  two  for  a  riot  But 
two  cannot  constitute  a  riot:  so 
the  effect  was,  a  dismissal  of  the 
bills. 

On  the  Inlls  coming  down  from 
the  grand  jury,  the  attorney-gene- 
ral addre^ed  the  Court  as  fd* 
lows : — 

My  Lords; — Upon  a  ease  the 
most  interesting  tliat  ever  occurred 
in  this  country,  two  bills  of  indict- 
ment have  been  sent  up  to  the 
grand  jury  of  the  city  of  Dublin, 
against  five  persons:  one  set  of 
iSls  charsnng  a  conspiracy  to  cause 
a  riot  at  Sie  theatre,  in  which  the 
person  of  the  lord  lieutenant  was 
outraged  and  insulted;  the  other 
bills  charging  a  riot  generally* 
Upon  the  &st  indictment,  the 
ffrand  jury  of  the  city  of  Dublin 
have  ignored  the  bills  against  all 
the  parties.  Upon  the  second  in- 
dictment they  have  fcrund  a  riot 
committed,  implicating  two  of  the 
persons  in  the  indictment,  Graham 
and  one  of  the  Handwiches.  It  is 
needless  to  observe  to  the  Court, 
that,  according  to  the  technicali- 
ties of  our  law,  a  riot  cannot  be 
committed  by  only  twov  persons. 
Had  even  the  bills  been  found  for 
a  riot  only  against' all  the  parties, 
I  should  have  then  felt  it  to  be  my 
duty  to  adopt  the  line  of  conduct  I 
am  about  to  intimate  in  the  fnre- 
sence  of  the  Court.  I  will  not 
arrogate  to  myself  the  ofiSce  of  ar- 
raigning the  conduct  of  the  erand^ 
jury  of  the  city  of  DuUin ;  but  I 


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also  have  a  duty  to  perform.  I 
will,  without  anticipating  the 
guilt  of  any  individual^  state  so- 
femnly  in  the  presence  of  this 
crowded  audience,  that,  in  all  my 
readings,  in  all  my  experience,  in 
all  the  annals  of  this  unfortunate 
country,  I  never  did  find  a  case  so 
fully  demonstrated  of  the  foulest 
conspiracy  to  riot,  of  so  nmdi 
atrocity  as  scarcely  to  be  height- 
ened by  the  aggravation  that  its 
skvowed  object  was,  to  insult  and 
outrage  the  representative  of  the 
king's  majesty  in  the  public  theatre. 
The  course  of  conduct  that  my 
duty  directs  me  to  pursue,  will  be, 
in  the  execution  of  the  prerogative 
annexed  to  my  office,  to  file  ex 
offick)  informations,  and  speedily  to 
brin^  before  the  country  all  the 
parties  dmrged  in  these  indict- 
ments. 

The  Attorney-General  imme- 
diately afterwards  left  the  Court. 

The  Solicitor-General  applied 
to  have  the  indictment  against  the 
prisoners,  Handwich  and  Graham, 

?[uaflhed,  the  grand  jury  having 
bund  bills  against  these  two  pri- 
soners only  for  the  riot,  which 
amounted  to  ignoring  the  bills  al- 
together. 

Mr.  Robert  Johnston  applied 
for  the  discharge  of  Mr.  Forbes, 
stating  that  he  had  been  committed 
on  a  capital  charge  for  a  conspiracy 
to  murder,  but  that  the  indict- 
ments were  only  for  a  conspiracy 
to  create  a  riot,  and  for  a  riot, 
both  of  which  Uie  grand  jury  had 
ignored. 

The  Court  observed,  that^  upon 
the  information  which  had  been 
before  it,  facts  were  charged  on 
oath  against  Mr.  Forbes  of  the 
deepest  criminality ;  a^d  although 
the  grand  jury  had  ignored  the 
bills  which  had  been  sent  up,  it 
Aid  not  follow  that  the  attorney* 


general  misht  not  yet  proceed  oli 
Uie  capital  charge;  he  had  in 
mercy  proceeded  only  for  a  riot 
and  conspiracy  to  riot ;  but  on  the 
imding  whidi  had  t&ken  place, 
and  h»l  excited  so  much  surprise, 
he  might,  if  he  pleased,  have  t^ 
course  to  the  other  and  graver 
char^.  He  had  also  expressed 
his  determination  to  proceed  fat 
the  diarse  of  conspiracy^  to  riot, 
and  of  not  by  ex-offido  informa- 
tion; and,  under  these  circum- 
stances, the  prisoners  could  not  be 
discharged  without  his  consent, 
before  the  period  for  discharge  by 
proclamation  had  arrived.  There- 
lore,  as  the  attorney-general  was 
not  then  in  court,  the  application 
should  stand  over  until  to-morrow, 
as  well  as  similar  applications  on 
the  behalf  ci  the  other  prisoners. 

3.  This  day,  about  one  o'clock 
the  right  hon.  the  Attorney-Gene- 
ral having  come  into  court,  stated, 
that  he  attended  in  consequence  rf 
a  notice  given  by  the  prisoners, 
Forbes,  Handwich,  and  Graham, 
that  an  application  would  be  made 
for  their  discharge. 

Mr.  Driscol  (K.  C.)  baring 
moved  for  the  discharge  of  Hemy 
Handwich  and  George  Graham; 
Mr.  Robert  Johnston  (K.  C.)  for 
that  of  James  Forbes ;  and  the 
arguments  of  these  two  gendemen 
having  been  followed  by  addresses 
in  support  trf  them  by  Mr.  Scrivcn 
and  Mr.  Blackbume  (K.t.);  ^! 
Attorney-General  said,  he  shoijM 
pray  the  Court  to  hold  them 
to  sufficient  bail,  until  he  was 
enaUed  to  file  i^ainst  them  ex- 
officio  informations,  which  should 
be  the  first  moment  the  approwB- 
ingterm  would  permit. 

Their  lordships  having  consulted 
for  a  short  time.  Judge  Moore 
said,  the  Court  could  have  no  ob- 
jection to  what  the  attomet-g^*^ 


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& 


ibI  lad  pnjed^  and  tkerafinre 
ihould  require  die  prisoners  to 
are  good  and  siifficient  bail  for 
their  ^ipearance  to  the  ex-offido 
intemations  to  be  filed  by  tbe  2,U 
tomey«geBeraL 

It  was  then  ordered,  that  Mr. 
Forbes  be  bailed,  himself  in  1,000^ 
and  two  sureties  in  500L  each,  to 
^ide  die  result  of  a  criminal  in^- 
fixmatkm  to  be  filed  against  him 
hf  the  attorney-general,  in  the 
court  of  King^s^ienofa,  in  the 
next. term;  aim  the  other  five 
persons  re^ectively,  themselves  in 
20OL,  and  two  sureties  in  lOOA 
each,  for  the  same  purpose. 

Bail  was  instanUy  tendered  for 
Mr.  Forbes  in  court ;  but  the  at- 
tornor-general  stated,  that  twenty* 
four  hours  notice  must  be  served 
on  the  crown  solicitors. 

RiBANDiaic— Thomas  Hughes, 
for  administering  wicked,  mali- 
cious, and  unlawful  oaths,  on  the 
1st  of  January,  1822,  was  put  on 
liis  triaL 

There  were  nine  counts  in  the 
IncBeteieiit  One  of  them  chaiged 
the  prisoner  with  having  adminis- 
tered illegal  oaths,  to  compel 
aundry  persons  to  obey  the  rules  of 
an  illegal  commander. 

The  Attorney-General  stated 
ihe  nature  and  extent  of  the  illegal 
aodety,  of  which  the  prisoner  was 
charged  with  being  a  member. 
The  objects  of  that  society  were,  to 
sabvert  the  constitution,  the  laws, 
and  the  government  of  the  coun- 
try. *'  From  the  evidence,"  said 
the  attomey-genexal,  ''  you  will 
learn  with  surprise  and  regret,  that 
a  aet  of  men  are  in  existence,  who 
have.been  base  enou^  ibolidi  and 
wickedenoQffh,  tobla^enie  the  sa- 
cnd  name  of  the  Creator ;  wretches 
daring  and  impious  enough  to 
abuse  ^e  great  and  revered  name 
.of  Ae  living  Qod,  for  purposes 


so  base :  you  will  hava  proo^*  that 
thase  peorie  have  entered  into 
a  hellish  hoad,  profaning  every 
thing  sacred,  and  prostituting  every 
thin^  valuable,  for  the  purpose  oi 
making  inroads  on  the  solemn  re- 
verence due  to  God,  and  with  the 
absurd  hope  of  overturning  the 
government  of  the  empire  itself."  • 

The  Attorney-General  produced 
and  read  to  the  Court  the  agn  and 
pass-word  of  the  conspirators,  a 
copy  of  which  was  found  in  the 
pocket  of  a  man  named  David, 
who  was  taken  up  drunk  in  the 
streets  on  the  24th  of  November. 

The  charge  of  administering 
illegal  oaths  having  been  estab- 
lished in  evidence,  Mr.  Justice 
Burton  charsed  the  jury,  who  re- 
turned a  veruct  of  Guilty. 

The  prisoner  was  Uien  aei|- 
tenced  to  be  transported  for  life. 

AOBIOULTUBAI^       DlBTBBaB.— - 

No  less  than  sixteen  counties  have 
sent  requisitions  to  their  respective 
sherifis,  to  appoint  county  meetings 
to  consider  the  causes  and  remedies 
of  agricultural  distress. 

A  meeting  was  held  at  Nor- 
wich, which  was  convened^  pro- 
fessedly, '^  for  the  purpose  of 
taking  mto  consideration  uie  pre- 
sent state  of  agricultural  distress, 
and  the  best  means  of  relieving 
it."  A  series  of  resolutions  of  a 
decidedly  anti-ministerial  temper, 
were  proposed  by  Mr.  Thurtell^ 
and  seconded  by  Mr.  Coke,  of 
Holkham ;  but  they  were  prompt^ 
rejected ;  and  a  petition  proposed 
by  Mr.  Cobbett,  recommending,  in 

^n  terms,  the  overthrow  ofthe 
^slature^  and  the  spoliation  of 
the  church,  was  adopted  with  rap» 
turous  acclamation. 

6.  Dublin  CoMMi88ioN^^Thi9 
morning  the  judges  Moore  and 
Burton  were  on  the  bench  at  ten 
o'clock. 


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About  three  o'clock^  the  gmnd 
^fj  o£  the  city  of  Dublin  came 
mto  Court,  and  the  foreman,  sir 
George  Whiteford,  read  from  a 
written  paper  nearly  as  follows  :— 

My  Lords, — ^We  have  learned 
with  deep  resret,  that  the  diacharse 
of  our  offidid  duties,  as  to  certain 
bills  c^  indictment,  has  been  made 
the  subject  of  animadyerBion  by 
his  majesty's  attorney-general,  and 
1ms  been  pronounced  by  the  autho- 
rity of  this  hi^  Court  to  be  a 
matter  of  surprise.  We  hope,  that 
neither  the  Court,  nor,  with  its 
sanction,  his  majesty's  jnincipal 
hiw  officers,  intended  to  convey 
any  intimation,  that  our  judgment 
has  been  influenced  by  fear,  by 
favour,  or  affection.  A  charge  of 
such  a  nature,  without  advertmc 
to  the  enormity  of  the  suilt  whi(£ 
it  would  impute,  woum  be  essen- 
tially unjust;  for  the  oath  c^  se- 
cresy  which  we  have  taken,  forbids 
a  disclosure,  which  the  vindicadon 
of  that  judgpnent,  and,  if  neces- 
sary, the  satisiBctory  refutation  of 
such  a  charge,  would  impose.  It 
must  be  recollected,  that  to  us  ex- 
clusively is  the  evidence  known, 
upon  which  our  judgment  was 
founded;  and  we  therefore  trust, 
that  this  high  Court  will  receive 
the  declaration,  now  unanimous^ 
and  solemnly  made  by  us,  that  our 
decision  was  the  result  €£  a  labo- 
rious investigation  of  the  evidence, 
a  conscientious  consideration  of 
its  weight,  and  a  sincere  desire  to 
adhere  to  the  charge  of  the  learned 
judge,  who  so  fully  detailed  to  us 
the  nature  of  our  duties,  and  the 
nature  of  the  principle  upon  which 
ive  were  bound  to  discharge  them. 

Mr.  Justice  Moore. — Gentlemen 
of  the  grand  jury,  the  less  I  now 
say  upon  the  subject  of  your  com- 
munication, perhaps  the  better.  You 
have  stated  what  you  have  stated. 


fnm  what  yon  say  yon  kawlnii) 
and  only  heard*;  andnotfromany 
dung  collected  by  your  own  intel- 
ligence, or  in  your  owa  pvesenca. 
It  is  a  dangerous  thia^  far  a  ptMia 
body  to  act  on  oj^nioos  and  oil 
hearings,  of  the  aecnracy  of  whidi 
they  may  not  be  wppnaei.  Gen* 
tlemen,  I  shall  say  no  more  thai 
tJiis,  that  the  attoriiey^geDeralha% 
in  what  has  been  coinmunicatad 
to  you,  been  (I  wiU  not  suf  un* 
justly)  most  shamefully  niin«i«»* 
senteo.  In  my  hearing,  or  in  dut 
of  my  brother  judge,  he  not  6dy 
did  not  cast  any  imputation  upoa 
the  grand  jury,  but  expmdf 
guarded  himsdf  against  any  such 
suspicion.  He  saSl,  that  no  oaa 
oomd,  or  dared  to  arraign  a  gimil 
jury  for  dieir  decision  in  the  esep- 
ase  6£  their  constitutional  fd^ 
lege— thus,  gentleman,  leaving  to 
you  all  the  privileges,  which  b^ 
law  belong  to  you,  and  which  yoa 
have  a  ri^t  to  ohdm.  The  attoiv 
ney-gencral  had  at  the  same  dme 
his  privil^e,  and  a  ridht  to  ex- 
press his  surprise  and  Sisa^^pdnt- 
ment,  that  a  body  of  evideooe, 
which  had  a^eaied  to  him  so  de- 
cisive, should  have  struck  a  supfr* 
rior  jurisdiction  in  so  very  di£SBreiit 
a  way.  He  had,  I  say,  a  ri^  to 
express  such  surprise,  giving  evei^ 
re^>ect  to  the  conscientious  deo- 
sion  of  the  jury ;  and  havii^  that 
right,  he  manAilly  stated,  tbit  hs 
mmd  could  not  be  satisied,  unksi 
the  case  underwent  disonsskm  h^ 
fore  another  jury ;  and  he  accorf- 
ingly  announced  his  intention  (n 
file  an  information  against  the 
same  persons,  and  bring  the  niartir 
bdbre  a  petty  jury,  where  the 
whole  event  and  circumstances  of 
♦he  case  could  be  considered.  Van 
have  stated,  that  the  Court  ex- 
pressed surprise.  I  did  say  that 
I  wai^  and  I  am,  suiprisad.    Yo«^ 


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C  H  R  6  IT  I  C  L  £v 


gBBtlmei^  I  am  suze>  h»m  acted 
acooriing  to  your  oonacieneeB ;  hv^ 
I  £d  and  do  express  m j  surpriflei 
af^r  .reading  the  body  of  evidence* 
that  it  was  not  ealculated  to  obtain 
tie  diaracter  of  veracity  from  the 
jury.  I  also  said^  in  answer  to  aa 
observation  bom  counsel  (and  I  say 
ao  itill)^  that  you  had  no  ri£ht>  l^ 
Imw,  to  try  what  ocmstitutea  a  con- 
tjpxtiey,  ttod  that  your  only  busi* 
liess  was  to  consider^  whether  you 
believod  the  fiicts.  I  said^  and  say 
ffgKtn,  that  on  the  swcum  infonna- 
tuBis  which  I  had,  there  is  a  full 
conmracy  shown  in  point  of  law, 
if  me  fiicts  are  believed.  1  alio 
aaidy  that  the  grand  jury  had  no 
zi^t  to  try  the  cause,  but  only  to 
pttt  it  into  a  course  of  triaL  It 
was  in  answer  to  counsel,  who  as- 
serted that  the  men  were  in  efi^t 
acquitted,  that  the  Court  thought 
itadf  bound  to  say,  that  no  man 
could  be  acquitted  who  was  not 
tzied.  I  said,  that  upon  the  in- 
fcnmatums  there  appeared  a  maoi* 
fast  conspiracy-— prepared  circuna- 
stances — ^placuds  distributed — in- 
tentions shown  by  some  parties 
or  other  to  disturb  the  public 
peace.  If  you  had  decided,  that 
these  facts  did  not  prove  a  con^ 
'^nracj,  you  would  have  decided 
a  question  of  law.  But  if  the 
point  of  your  decision  was,  that 
there  was  not  credible  evidence 
of  the  fiscts,  then  I  said  I  had 
notjiiiig  to  do'  with  that,  and 
that  1  must  presume  that  sudi 
ms  the^round  of  your  determina- 
tion, niese  were  explanations, 
.which  I  gave  to  counsel;  that  is 
the  o{nnion  which  I  held,  and  now 
entertain;  and  when  different  lan- 
||uage  has  been  attributed  to  me^ 
It  has  besn  either  from  great  mis- 
conceptkm,  <nr  gross  misrepreseQ^ 


^2  ^The  grand  jury  then  V^^^f 


The  Attomey-GaieiBl  was  not 
in  court  during  this  conversation. 

13.  ^[hipwbbck.  —  The  hng 
Venus,  frcnn  Newfoundland,  came 
into  the  harbour  of  St«  Helier,  this 
momingfhavingon board  nine  men, 
the  surviving  part  of  the  crew  of 
the  ship  Windamere,  of  Liverpoc^ 
which  foundered  in  a  heavy  gale 
near  the  coast  of  Ireland  on  Uie  8th 
instant.  The  Windermere  was  a 
fine  ship  of  367  tons  biurthen,  with 
a  crew  of  23  men  and  boys ;  she- 
was  bound  from  Old  Calal»r  to 
Liverpool,  laden  with  palm-oil, 
ivory,  red-wood,  and  had  on  board 
1,500  dollars  in  specie.  On  the 
8th  of  January,  at  10  p.  m»,  being 
in  50  degrees  N.  latitude,  and  14 
W.  loneitude,  in  the  midst  of  a  vio- 
lent gfue,  the  vessel  shipped  a 
heavy  sea,  which  tore  the  ring- 
bolts from  the  deck,  carried  away 
the  boats,  and  part  of  the  stan- 
chions, and  split  the  lee  gunwale. 
At  eleven  o'clock,  a  tremendous 
sea  struck  her  again,  which  hove 
her  on  her  beam  ends,  carried  away 
her  foremast  and  bowsprit,  and 
washed  the  master  and  eight  of  the 
crew  overboard.  She  immediately 
filled,  but  the  remaining  part  of 
the  crew  having  cut  away  the  main 
and  mi^en  masts,  she  ridited.  In 
a  few  minutes  more,  the  decks  were 
jTorced  up  by  the  pressure  of  the 
water  underneath ;  and  the  crew, 
now  reduced  to  fourteen,  w^e 
obliged  to  take  ref  i^  on  the  poop. 
In  the  course  of  tue  night,  two 
more  hands  were  washed  overboard^ 
and  next  day  one  toy  died  through 
excessive  cold  and  fatigue.  In  this 
horrid  sit^iadon,  stnuhing  every 
nerve  to  maintain  thbir  holdiu^ainst 
the  fury  of  the  waves,  which  threat- 
ened every  moment  to  ingulf  them, 
the  miserable  remnant  m  the  crew 
remained  without  any  sustenance 
whatever,  until  the  10th  instant, 


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wSefl  at  twelve  o'clock^  tlie  brig 
Venus,  of  Jertey,  hove  in  rieht; 
anfl  mth '  a  praiseworthy '  ho- 
manity,  made  every  effort  to  res- 
cue the  sufierers  from  their  pe- 
rilous situation.  But  here  anothof 
difficulty  OTesented  itself^  for  tiie 
Venus  had  lost  her  boats,  and  had 
otherwise  been  materially  injured 
in  the  previous  gale ;  the  only  me- 
thod, merefore,  of  escape  was  by 
twimmingy  and  the  assistance  of 
ropes  thrown  towards  the  wreck '^ 
by  whidi  means,  about  S  p.  m.. 
nine  men  at  length  got  on  board 
the  Venus,  two  being  drowned  in 
the  attempt. 

15.  McNiCH.  —  About  eight 
o'clock  in  the  evenii^  the  Nevr 
Court  Theatre  was  £^vered  to 
be  on  fire,  and  in  a  few  ndnutes 
the  whole  of  the  interior  was  in 
ihmes.  The  audience  happily  ea- 
<a^)ed  without  injury,  and  in  to- 
lerable order,  by  means  of  die  nu- 
merous oudets.  Soon  aften/mds 
the  roof  fell  in  with  a  most  dread- 
ful crash ;  and  m  less  than  three 
hours,  the  whole  of  this  spltodid 
edifice  was  reduced  to  ashes. 

17*  A  meeting  was  held  at 
Hereford,  to  take  into  considera- 
tion the  diflteesaes  of  agriculturists. 
Lord  Somers  presided  as  lord  lieu- 
tenant Three  petitions  were  o€- 
fcred  to  the  meeting;  the  first,  by 
Mr.  Patteshall,  was  merely  prac- 
tical ;  the  second,  proposed  by  Mr. 
Charlton,  was  what  might  be 
ealled  a  Whig  petition ;  the  third 
was  Mr.  Cobbett's  Norfolk  peti- 
tion. It  was  moved  by  its  author 
in  person;  he  was  heard  with 
more  {Silence,  but  he  spoke  widi 
less  success,  than  at  Norwich ;  and 
liis  petition  was  rejected  with  un- 
equivocal expressions  of  contempt. 
Mr.  Patteshall  withdrew  his  peti- 
tion, and  Mr.  Charlton's  was  car- 
ried without  opposition. 


'  IS.  lifocR  Stma.— At  BUi&el» 
lington,  in  Ayrdiire,  abmitvod^day; 
four  suns  were  observed  in  the 
firmament  at  one  time.  An^nn- 
oommbn  vivid  lml6,  resembling  s 
rainbow,  half  circled  eadi  of  M  '■ 
mock  suns,  wh3e'  the  natural*  «K^ 
was  entirely  surrounded.  The  up^ 
pearanoe  of  the  whole '  was  ex- 
tremely beautiful,  and  exceeded  itf 
brilHancy  and  splendor  any  lidng 
of  a  similar  nseture,  whidi  has  oc^ 
curred  in  the  memory  of  the  Meat 
shepherds  in  diat  quarter.  IVt 
phenomenon,  though  varied  In  ap^ 
pearance,  was  likewise  visiUe  iff 
other  places  of  die  county. 

20.  Giles  East,  aged  sixteefr 
years,  was  executed  pursuant  to 
his  sentence,  on  die  tx^  of  ih» 
Lodbre  of  Horsemonger-luie  Oaoli 

l^is  mdbrtunate  boy  was  coo^ 
victed  at  the  late  Kingjston  asifam; 
of  a  rape  upon  tiie  person  of  a  difld 
named  Potter.  '  " 

'  A  woman,  named  Sarah  Faner^ 
Who  was  the  mother  of  the  diilAt 
was  charged  in  the  same  indiet- 
inent  as  bdng  accessory  after  the 
fact  This  woman  had  cofaaUtcid 
tegidarly  with  the  unfbrtdnaM 
victim  of  her  seduction — die  bein|^ 
fbrty-five,  he  but  sixteen.  On 
the  trial,  it  aj^^^ared  that  she  liai 
concealed  die  circumstance,  widdl 
had  been  communicated  to  her  mi 
the  ensuing  morning  by  her 
dauf^ter ;  mi  it  was  also  stated 
by  the  child  herself,  that  this 
mother  cried  over  her,  when  she 
Yelated  to  her  the  irealiuent  she 
had  experienced  hum  GOes  East 

The  learned  judffe(baimi  Ova- 
ham^  in  charging  &e  Jury,  dwtft 
'on  this  latter  fact,  inferring  from 
it  bhe  improbabifity  of  dke  iMitlMr 
having  been  accessory  to  the  oriikieb 
'She  was' Acquitted. 

21.  A  meeting  of  iSb»  MM^ 
tants  of  the  county  of  ^ 


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.^ 


WB9  litid'in  the  town  of  W^^ 
to  ttSa^  into  oonridenlioa  the  pro- 
paet^r  of  petttuminc  parliament 
on  the  subject  of  agncultund  6^ 
tress,  ek  Thomas  Leihbridge, 
Mr;  Diddnscm^  and  a  number  of 
porsoufe  of  considera^on  were  pr&" 
sent  Mr.  Hont^  who  had  previ- 
01UI7  addressed  a  letter  to  the  uh 
fafliilaaitsof  Uie  conntyy  proposed 
a  series  of  resolutions,  recommend- 
ing pariiamentarj  reform ;  but  the 
slienil^  oonstd^ng  that  the  object 
of  liie  meeting  was  not  forreform^ 
refused  to  put  th^n.  Upon  an 
ondentanding  ^t  thehij^  sheriff 
would  call  a  meeting  m  reform 
OB  tive  Tuesday  following,  Mr. 
Hunt  abandoned  that  subject,  and 
his  other  resoiutions  were  carried. 
Thefiii^  sheriff,  however,  refused 
to  ;^. them  en  behalf  of  the 


09.  A  meeting  on  the  subject  of 
parliamentary  reform  was  held  at 
Yoifc.  The  speakers  were  lord 
Mflfton  and  Mr.  Petr^  who  de. 
dared  thrauelTes  recent  oonyerts 
tot  the  prinei|des  of  reform  ;  Mr. 
W.  FawkeSy  who  nn^ioaed  the  re* 
stations;  and  Mr.  Stuart  Wort- 
fey^  who  opposed  the  professed 
o^eet '  ef  the  meeting.  Mr. 
Fawkes's  resolutions,  and  a  peti- 
'6dn  ffrdunded  on  them,  were 
<anried. 

.Mb.  CA2f Nino's  Leti^sr  of  rb- 

8IGNATION  TO  THE  PRBEMBN 
,      OF  iLlVKBPOOL. 

*'F$9^  Qffke,  Jan.  23,  182S- 
'^  Gcauinnen ;  —  Four  months 

vasyeiionce'  ei  the  occupations  of 

'the  department,  whifth  the  king  has 
been  gmeiously  j^eased  toecmfide 

-^  me,  oombined  with  the  antici- 
pation of  that  mcreased  prassuie 
whidi  the  approadiing  session  of 
pwBiinent  wiU   brins  with    it, 

•fisipoea^iipen  me  the  imeiant.con- 


▼ktidn^  that  i  should  ho  bnMr  be 
aUe  tO.give  to  the  impovtaiit  dudes 
of  a  representative  of  Liverpool^ 
that  degree'  of  attention  wnich 
would  satisfy  your  just^bdms,  and 
my  own  ccmsoientions  estimate  of 
them.  . ' 

'^  After  much  hesitation,  and 
with  a  feelmg  of  de^  reg^t  (for 
which  I  know  you  wiU  give*  me 
credit),  I  have  Uiought  it  right  to 
declare  this  conviction  to  you 
plainly  and  openly.  It  is  for 
better  both  for  you  and  for  me,  thit 
the  foilure,  which  I  apprehend  ai 
tboprobaUe,  diould  be  prevented 
than  remedied. 

"  I  surrender  into  your  hands^ 
therefore^  a  charge,  whidi,  d«rhq( 
the  ten  years  that  I  have  had  the 
honour  to  hold  it,  I  may  pxesume 
to  say  I  have  fulfilled  with  earnesU 
ness  and  fidelity ;  but  in  which  i 
am  nevertheless  fully  aware^  how 
mudi'my  endeavours  have  been 
aided  by  your  encouragement ;  how 
many  ai  my  omissions  have  been 
overlooked  by  your  indulgence; 
and  how  greatly  my  services  (sudi 
as  they  were)  have  been  ovetpaid 
by  the  repeated  and  increasing, 
mamfestations  of  your  regard  ana 
good  opinion. 

"  You  win  not,  I  hope,  find  it 

difficult    to    provide    a  successor 

better  quafified  to  serve  you.  Vfht^ 

ever  may  be  the  object  of  your 

dioioe,  he  may  depend  upon  my 

co-operation  on  any   occasion  ob 

which  I  can  properly  and  use&iD^ 

aid  him ;   and  you  may  beasmired 

•of  the  pleasoie  with  whieh  I  diall 

-avail  myself  of  every  such  oppc^- 

*tunx^,  to  testify  my  gvateful  re* 

r  membraDce  of  a  eoraenonf  wincii 

has  been .  the  pride  of  my  puUie 

'  life,  and  which  noihinff  cculd  ha^se 

induced  me,  during  ue  cootiBa- 

ranoe  of  my  pubhc  life,  to  reHn- 

•  qiiish,  excqpt  a  sense  of  duty  thet 


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ANNUAL   RISQI^TBR.       ^9^ 


ibrtaf  flio  «^  odigiii  A  tn»k»  of 
whiffh  I    oMmoi  adequatelj  diB« 

«'l  luife  thelbcniear  to  be»  with 

isd  atturhmffiit,  genidenEieii*  your 
obliged  and  fiedthful  seorvant^ 

**  GSOEOB  CAMHIMCk" 
35«  COUBT  OF  SbBUON — ^FlBBEP 

Dtvmov.'-^DeciaraUtr  of  3far- 
tiatBt^'Jd'Gr^ar  v.  Blach  McNeil 
erjolfy^^ThdfiicoaMDsMyoea,  ootof 
'o^iiah  the  acfcion  orimiiated,  ase 
abortly  these:«-The  defendant  is 
a  nataial  daughter  of  the  late  Dr. 
M'Neil  of  SUBveniton.  She  X9- 
sided  with  her  moAer  till  about 
id^iit  or  ninejeors  ago ;  wh^^  in 
^aonaiquflnce  of  her  mother^s  death, 
«be  -mint  home  to  her  fiidier,  whoK 
infimi  state  of  healtih  reqiiixed  ttn- 
•amttting  attentioD.  She  ooo- 
iinued  to  live  with  him  down  to 
hia  death  in  May,  1817.  The 
pHKsuer  (plaintiff)  hecnne  earlj 
wquamted  with  the  defendant; 
and  having  been  introduced  to  her 
father,  he  was  occasionally  em* 
ployed  by  him  in  the  management 
of  his  affidrs,  and  beeame  a  sort 
of  inmate  in  the  house.  ;Being 
apmetimes  useful  to  the  old  gentle- 
man in  various  ways,  he  gradually 
acquired  his  coi^ence;  and,  in 
'^e  3rear  1816,  he  was  intrusted  to 
^anj  instructions  to  Dr.  M'Neil's 
raent,  rdative  to  the  preparation 
c£  a  settlement  in  the  defendant's 
fevour.  By  that  deed  the  doctor 
aettled  upon  her  the  whole  of  his 
property,  real  and  personal,  yield- 
mg  an  aannal  income  of  IfiOOL 
This  unexpected  acqnisttion  re- 
■Dving  cnery  stain  whidi  illegiti- 
laaoy  attacliad  to  the  defemSnt, 
the  pumier  suddenly  felt  a  violent 
fliection  fer  her  person  as  the 
-iKOiM  of  aocpiiring  the  command 
of  her  property.  His  addresses, 
iwweinaF,  wen  x^ected,  as  the  d»- 


fendapt  had  p^i^^itod  her  feitk  to 
Mr.  JoUy,  a  surgeon,  her  prearait 
husband.  He  was  not  easify 
checked,  however^  and  in  May^ 
1816,  he  renewed  has  pretensions 
with  increased  ardour.  Again  he 
wasrqpulsed;  but  this  second  dfr» 
feat  had  the  eiSxt,  not  of  repress* 
ing,  but  of  irritating  him,  uid  of 
making  him  raoreresdute  in  dito 
accomplishment  of  big  obiect.  He 
very  soon  showed,  that  he  had  no 
scruple  about  resorting  to  ai^ 
means  that  mi^t  serve  him ;  for, 
on  the  evening  of  the  23rd  of  May^ 
after  Dr.  M'Neil  had  gone  to  bed, 
he  came  to  the  house,  and  b^ned 
her  to  accompany  him  to  ner 
fether's  agent,  wiUi  whom  he  and 
he  had  business  to  transact.  The 
defendant  consented  to  go.  Whoi 
they  reached  Edinbur;^,  it  was 
late,  and  the  pursuer  pretended, 
that  the  agent  would  not  receive 
them  at  such  an  hour.  Under 
pretence  of  going  to  ahouse  where 
they  might  get  scmie  refeeahment, 
he  carried  the  defendant  to  Car- 
rubber's-close,  and  having  got  her 
to  the  foot  of  the  stair,  wi^Te  Mr. 
Robertson,  of  the  Leith  Wynd 
chapel,  lived,  he  insisted  that  she 
should  go  to  Robertson's  house 
with  him.  Upon  her  expressing 
anger  at  this  attempt,  he  spoke  to 
her  in  such  passionate  and  deopa- 
rate  language,  as  to  intimidate  her 
into  a  compbuice  with  his  request. 
Up,  then,  they  went;  and  Mr. 
Robertson,  on  being  shown  a  cer- 
tificate of  the  proclamation  of  bans, 
performed  the  mamace  cerenuny 
m  the  inresence  of  his  wife  and 
daughter.  After  the  union^  the 
pursuer  accompanied  his  tremb- 
ling spouse  to  her  fether's  houses 
about  a  mile  distant^  where  he 
passed  the  night;  but  whether 
he  reposed  in  the  nuptial  bed  or 
not,   was  not  fully.  broMght  out 


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JhMl; 


CHRONIC  L.'E, 


II 


HI  cvMJpTifli^  It  WB8  iwiiliWeiy 
WMntaiwpd  by  the  defendai^  thi^ 
Widid  not  iaaut  gn  the  psM* 
km  of  a  htuband. 
.  Notmthstandixig  this  tanucm 
tiaa,  Mr.  Jollj  cootiinied  his  ad« 
dKBW%  and  in  two  or  three  wedcs 
tiiereafier,  the  defendant  and  Mr« 
Jfdly  wore  maniad  by  one  of  the 
TOiisfters  of  Leith,  with  the 
usnal  formaHty  and  solemnity* 
The  {nmuer  knew  of  the  mar- 
riage,  but  ofiered  no  interruption* 
He  accepted  ^^ores  on  tfte  occa* 
von,  was  present  at  the  wedding 
frast^  and  visited  the  pair  at  divers 
ftimes.  Things  went  on  harmo« 
aioudy  eaou^  between  the  two 
hnsbandi^  mrtil  the  death  of  Dr« 
lI'Neil  determined  the  pursuer  to 
nfive  his  ri^its;  and  in  order  to 
nnder  them  effectual,  he  raised 
an  action  of  dechiration  of  mar* 
isaes  behove  the  Consistorial  Court 
at  Edinburgh,  calling  Mrs.  Jolly 
as  defendant ;  nazrating>  that,  *'  in 
the  montii  of  May,  1816,  the 
parties  were  regularly  married  by 
the  re^.  Joseph  Bobertson,  minis* 
ter  of  the  cfa^^  in  Leith  Wjmd : 
notwithstandingof  all  which,  the 
■aid  Mary£la&,  or  Maty  Blach 
M'Neil,  casting  off  the  fear  of 
God,  and  finrgetting  her  natural 
and  Christian  duty,  and  promise 
made,  at  her  entering  into  said 
marriage  with  the  pursuer,  now 
lefuaes  to  acknofdedge  her  mar* 
riage,  or  to  cohabit  with  him  as 
her  husband."    . 

The  defendant,  in  replying  to 
this  lAd,  denied,  that  any  thine 
had  occurred,  which  could  be  held 
looonstitote  amarrtage;  thatshe 
had  been  entrapped  by  deceit  to 
aacompany  the  pursuer  to  Ro- 
hertKm'a  stair— -that  there  he  had 
menaced  her  with  violent  and 
Ifareatenuig  language ;  that, 
frif^rtcsned  into  con^ianoe,    Ab 


wai  lod,  almost  insaniiU%  tiito  Ms^ 
Bdlwrtson's  -  house,  who,  on  re* 
ceiving  a  bribe,  hnrried  over  the 
marriage  oereatwny,  withoataBking 
her  a  question,  without  may  ex* 
hortation,  without  assertainiiic 
timt  her  appearance  was  free  and 
unfineed,  rad  without  receiving 
any  ezpreasion  or  indicatian  of 
eonsent — ihat  no  ameubiing  had 
Mlowed*— and  that  the  pursuer,  by 
hisown  aets^  had  virtually  a^newi^ 
ledffed  her  marriage  vnth  Joily. 

After  a  keen  a»i  animated  ^ki»> 
cussion  in  the  Commissary  Court, 
their  lordships  repudiated  the 
second  marriage,  and  found  that 
the  pursuer,  M'Gr^or,  was  the 
lawfal  husband  of  the  defendant 
Against  this  judgment  an  iq>peal 
was  taken  to  the  court  of  sessmi; 
the  merits  of  which  were  dia  iissBil 
to-day  in  the  first  division  of  the 
Inner  House. 

Lord  Hennand  said,  that  the 
circumstantial    evidence    £at   ^ 

rnier  had  entirely  fsuled;  and 
had  now  recourse  to  the  ahi- 
straot  pmnt  ci  law,  grounded  on 
the  mummery  of  a  celebration. 
The  question,  then,  is,  was  there 
any  marriage?  Was  there  a  tme 
and  genuine  consent  ?  Did  the  de» 
fender  agree  to  accept  of  the  pur- 
aner  as  her  husband?  He  thought^ 
tfiese  points  could  not  be  estaUidi- 
ed  l^  the  mock  oelebcatbn  at  Bo- 
bertson'fr  It  took  plaee  atan  un- 
timely hour  of  the  night ;  no  r^ 
nectaUe  wittiess  was  present;  and 
the  ceremony  was  humed  over  in 
an  indecent  and  scandaloos  manner 
by  a  professed  manufiusturar  of 
marriages,  who  had  sutce  bean 
banahed  fcnr  his  ilkgal  practices. 
Hie  ^fender  did  not  consent  to 
these  vkdent  proceedings.  She 
was  intimidated  to  go  to  Robert 
flan's  house  by  the  pursuer's  me- 
of  sarasimwting  Mr.  JdUj^ 


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Mid  thrantenkig  to  de8tv6f  her 
Aither's  settlements,  wHck  were 
in  his  possession.  Could  it  be  said, 
that  there  was  here  a  &ir  and  de- 
liberateconsent  to  marry,  eqpedaUy 
-when,  the  parties  having  returned 
to  Dr.  M'Neil's  house,  the  pursuer, 
instead  of  demanding  the  privileges 
of  ahudxmd,  slunk  into  his  soli* 
iny  bed,  like  a  menial  servant  of 
the  family,  and  allowed  his  spmise 
to  pine  alone  on  the  nuptial  couch  ? 
The  pursuer's  subsequent  conduct 
•was  totally  at  variance .  with  the 
idea  of  marriage.  He  knew  of 
Jdly's  marriage,  accepted  of  gloves, 
and  was  present  at  numerous  par« 
ties  with  the  defender,  where  he 
drank  to  her  as  Mrs.  Jdly. 

Lord  Balgray  concurred  in  ojii- 
nion  with  hnd  Hermand.  He  raid 
that  by  the  law  of  Scotland,  con* 
sensus,  non  amcubUtis,facU  matri- 
numium;  that  the  consent  must 
be  genuine  and  deliberate,  whether 
the  marriage  took  place  in  facie 
ecdewK,  or  otherwise.  The  cere- 
mony was  a  mere  dvil  order  in- 
troduced by  positive  law,  and  did 
not  infringe  on  this  essential  re- 


quisite. The  consent,  too,  must 
be  mutual,  and  exchanged  vdthout 
force  or  fiuud.  Were  these  prin- 
•ciples  borne  out  by  the  facts  of  the 
.present  case  ?  Besides,  there  was 
^6  regular  proclamation  of  bans. 
•The  certificate  presented  to  Ro- 
-bertscm  was  dated  21st  May,  and 
•the  mardage  took  place  on  the 
ISSrd.  ThedictymofUielawwas, 
that  the  bans  should  be  proclaim^ 
ed  in  the  parishes  where  the  par* 
ties  reside,  thvee  consecutive  Sun- 
days. This  was  not  done  hore-— 
two  days  00)7  intervened  between 
the  gnrntingnf  the  certificate  and 
Ae  marriage.  It  wasfiir  tfaew«at 
of  regular  prochmatidn,  that  he 
viewed  the  marriage  as  clandestine, 
«^  as  on  that  account  subject  to 


all  the  cxcepthms,  which  the  lair 
permilB  aWnst  that  mode  of  unioit 
One  of  these  exceptions  was,  that 
it  was  requisite  for  the  pursuer  to 
have  proved  directly  and  unequi;- 
vocally,  that  the  defender  said  to 
him,  ^^  I  accq»t  of  you  as  117 
husband." 

Lord  GiUies  was  deariy  of  opi* 
nion,  that  the  marriage  betweea 
the  pursuer  and' defender  was  r^- 
ffular,  and  must  be  sustained.  If 
uie  contrary  doctrine  were  to  be 
held,  the  marriages,  whidi  had 
taken  place  in  Sci^land  for  half  f 
century,  might  be  annulled.  The 
clergy  had  deviated  from  the 
rigour  of  the  law  in  performing 
the  ceremony  withoot  in^uirii» 
into  the  actual  prodamatioii  a 
bans ;  yet  no  one  had  said,  that  this 
relaxation  destroyed  the  efficacy  of 
tl^  nuptial  benedictioiis ;  and  for 
a  very  good  reason,  because  the 
ceremony  itself  was  only  meant  to 
express  the  consent  of  the  cqiip 
tractii^  parties.  Here  the  per* 
sons  were  of  mature  age-— the  de* 
fender  was  26  years  of  age,  aii^ 
the  pursudr  somewhat  older.  Botfi 
knew  what  they  were  about ;  still 
no  objection  was  nmde.  The  de- 
fender, as  appears  from  the  prooC 
eiqxressed  not  one  word  of  dissent 
He  must  interpret  this  conduct  to 
be  indicative  <tf  a  serious  intentico 
and  a  deliberate  purpose.  It 
therefbre  appeared  to  him,  that  the 
actual .  celebration  widiout  ol||ec* 
tion,  validated  the  xnarnB^  He 
would  however  decline  genng  vxf 
final  opinion,  until  the  oommiisantf 
had  brought  forward  every  pa«A» 
whose  testimony  mi^t  throw  H^ 
on  this  extraordinary  cause. 

Lord  Succoth  and  the  I^ 
Preaidfint  coneoired  in  the  views 
i>f  lord  Gillies. 

r  The  decision  of  the  Coulft  wt^ 
to  remit  back  the  whole  cause  te 


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C  11' R  ON  I  C  L  E. 


Id 


{he  cominiasaries/  inth  instruc- 
ttons  to  adduce  further  proof  on 
lAe  vbHous  parts  of  the  case. 

SS,  Paris  Tribunal  op  Cor* 
HBcnoNAii  Pot  ICE. — This  was  the 
itky  fixed  for  hearing  the  cause  of 
tile  duke  of  San  Lorenso  against 
Messrs.  Ouvraird  and  Rougemont^ 
on  the  snhject  of  the  projected 
loon  in  ^tour  of  the  regency  of 
^pain.  M.  BeHot^  as  soon  as  the 
cause' was  called^  presented  a  requi«- 
dtion  e^ressed  in  these  terms : — 
*  **Me««ieur8 — The  citation^  which 
you  hare  heard  read  at  a  preced- 
ing hearing,  informed  jou^  that 
Ae  Sieurs  aOuvrard  and  Rouee- 
mont  had  been  cited  before  this 
ttibunal,  for  being  guilty  of  an 
tmtrage  towards  the  person  of  his 
majesty  the  king  of  Spain,  b^ 
immfehing  a  prospectus  announcing 
the  opening  of  a  loan  for  the  re- 
gencyof  Urgel. 

**  This  process,  gentlemen,  caHs 
upon  you  to  judge  oi  questions, 
wtnch,  if  not  of  mfBcult  solution, 
are  at  least  of  great  importance. 
Independently  (^  the  scheme  which 
Messienfs  dX)uyraid  and  Rouges 
mont  have  announced  in  the  jooxi- 
jtth,  you  win  have  to  examine^ 
whether  the  htw  of  1819  does  not 
Te^iliate  that  outrages  against  the 
'persons  of  sovereigns  should  be 
fitMecuted  only  at  the  request  df 
-sovereigns;  and,  in  consequence, 
lirhetiier  the  duke  of  San  LoreniO 
^oQ^t  not  to  produce  an  eneeial 
*8tfthonty  ibom  his  majesty,  Ferdi* 
nana  Vn,  hnnself. 
'  **  hi  tdk,  the  question  to  be  da- 
•dJM  is>  whether  to  publish  ^ 
^existence  of  a  r^ieney  which  de- 
cbies  ifsdf  estabfidied  during  the 
^o^l^vity  Of  uie  king  of  Spam,  is 
^  outrage  against  a  captive  king*  j 
or  on  t&  supposition  of  injury, 
wh^er  it  is  not  rather  committed 
HfdMisi  suljeets,  who  hold  their 
king  in  captivity. 


*'  however  this  "may  be,  gentle^ 
men,  these  questions  di^ppear 
with  the  process  which  has  given 
rise  to  them.  We  are  informed, 
and  we  are  author!^  to  announce 
to  you^  that  all  political  relation^ 
iiave  ceased  between  the  govern- 
ment of  his  msgesty  and  that  cf 
Madrid.  Not  only  has  his  majesty 
Louis  XVIII  recalled  his  ambas- 
sador from  Madrid,  but  the  duke 
of  San  Lorenso  has  ceased  to  be 
accredited  to  the  French  govern- 
ment in  the  ouality  of  ambassador 
of  the  king  of  Spain. 
•  "  In  the  mean  time,  the  process, 
as  you  know,  was  instituted  at  the 
request,  as  it  was  said,  of  the 
king  of  Spain,  and  the  proceedings 
originatel  on  the  part  of  his  am- 
ba^ador,  the  duke  of  San  Lorenso. 
At  the  bottom  of  this  citation  it 
was  attested  by  the  minister  cC 
foreign  aflmrs,  that  the  duke  of  San 
Lorenso  was  accredited  in  this 
capacity  to  the  French  government. 

'*  From  what  we  have  now  had 
the  honour  to  announce  to  the 
Court,  it  results,  that,  since  the 
citation  was  served,  M.  de  San 
Lcnnsnso  has  lost  th^  quality  hn 
which  he  was  then  recognised; 
hence  the  citation  must  be  cmud- 
dered  as  of  none  effect,  and  it  is  no 
longer  incumbent  upon  us  to  take 
cognisance  of  this  afiSiir.  Under 
these  circumstances^  we  require 
that  the  Court  will  be  pleased  to 
annul  the  record." 

M.  Mauguin  said,  ^  It  i^pMf  s 
to  me  that  the  khig^s  advocate 
takes  upon  himself  a  serious  re- 
qKmstfauity;  he  has  jint  dedared 
war  against  Spain." 

The  Kmg^s  Advocate— *  I  hai^ 
announced  a  fact,  because  I  have 
'  in  my  possession  documents  which 
auAenticate  what  we  have  aver- 
red. I  shaH  read  to  tiie  Const 
a  letter,  which  I'have  just  xe» 


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jfNNU 


AL    REGISTER. 


[lasi. 


aa^efi.  finm  the  keeper  of  the 
•ealfl: — 

.  "  M.  the  King's  Advocate.— I 
hasten  to  announce  to  yoUi  that 
M*  the  duke  de  San  Loreaso  has 
eeasBd  to  be  reoognixed  in  Fiance 
in  the  quality  of  miaist^  plenipo^ 
tentiary  of  his  Catholic  majesty 
the  king  of  Spain. 

'' The  Keeper  of  the  9eals, 
(Signed)         «  Pbtroknbt/' 

M.  Mauguin^ — I  suppose  the 
Jdng's-advocate  conoetves  his  re- 
sponsibility secure  under  the  sig^ 
nature  of  the  keeper  of  die 
nefHiB ;  but  there  are  present  seve- 
nd  persons  of  the  embassy,  who 
have  no  knowledge  of  the  fact, 
and  even  this  morning  the  amba»- 
jador  had  not  received  his  pass- 
.ports. 

The  King's  Advocate.— That 
laay  be» 

M.  Mauguin  commenced  to  ar* 
gue  the  merits  of  the  question, 
when  he  was  opposed  l^  the  king's 
advooate,  who  observed  that,  aflter 
what  he  had  announced  on  the 
part  of  the  goivemment,  it  was  for 
the  Court  to  dedde,  whether  it 
could  iKOcaed  with  die  suit.  In 
this  view  M.  Maugwin  concurred. 

The  Coort»  afW  a  few  minutes' 
deliberatian,  gave  the  fdUowing 
jodgmeat:— 

"  Inasnuieh  as  it  results  from 
the  letter  of  the  keqier  of  the 
aeals  to  the  king's  advocate, 
that  the  duke  of  San  Loraiao 
kasiseaseato  bis  aostedited  as  am- 
hattador  «f  his  Catholic  majesty 
the  kii^  of  Spain  to  his  mijMy 
thftkinff  of  Fnmce»  the  Court  con- 
sequently  cannot  reoogniae  him  in 
the'quaHty  in  which  he  is  repre- 
afiBted  in  the  indictment  The 
'Cknnt,  therefine,  d^elares,  that  it 
eannol  takeoogniiance  of  the  suit, 
«nd  orders  it  to  be  erased  from  the 
zecQvda  of  the  tribunal." 


81.  Couirr  op  Kino's  6sn6& 
Intimation  to  trb  Bab. — Soob 
after  the  sitting  of  the  Comrt,  the 
]ord-*chiefHUStioe  said,  that,  as  it 
was  of  high  importance  to  the  pub- 
lic and  to  the  suitors  in  the  partU 
eular  causes  in  which  rules  mn  for 
new  trials  had  been  granted,  that 
those  rules  diould  be  disposed  of 
during  the  term,  or  as  soon  after 
as  possiUe,  the  Court  would  wiA 
to  hear  only  one  counsel  on  each 
aide.  They  therefcare  requested, 
that  the  juniors  would  not  oflfer  to 
address  tliem  after  their  leader  hai 
been  heard,  unless  they  felt  thst 
he  had  omitted  to  notice  some  im- 
portant fact  or  some  materiid  ar- 
giment.  They  did  not  mean  to 
y  down  a  r^id  rule,  that  thej 
would  hear  only  one  counsel  on 
eadi  side,  which  might  be  produo 
tive  of  inconvenience,  but  they 
trusted  to  the  discretion  of  the  bsr 
not  to  occupy  their  time  hf  gomg 
severally  through  the  whole  case, 
whei«  it  was  not  absolutely  neces- 
sary to  the  interest  q£  their  clients. 
The  case  of  HoUis  v.  Goldfindi, 
which  stood  next  in  the  new  trial 
paper,  and  was  an  action  of  tres- 
pass for  breaking  and  entering  s 
dose,  being  then  called  on, 

Mr.  Gaseleeshowedcaosei^uast 
the  rule  for  a  new  trial,  m  a  qpeech 
whidi  lasted  nearly  three  he«s> 
As  soon  as  he  had  ooneluded,  Mr. 
Sdwyn  roee  and  said,  ^  I  am  on 
the  same  ride  with  Mr.  Gaselee; 
and  m  coi^Drmity  with  tioit  nde 
whidi  your  lordidikM  have  thisdi^ 
MA  down,  I  refinun  from  adding 
any  obsirarvations  to  tibose  wtiiA 
you  have  already  heard.  But'  ift 
the  peouHar  rituation  in  which  I 
stand,  as  the  first  victim  of  this  re* 
gularion,*I  feel  it  due  to  myself  and 
to  those  who  surround  me  tasi^* 
that  I  trust  this  regulation  wiU 
cease  with  the  occasion  which  hss 


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CHRONICLE. 


IS 


caimd  it^  and  will  not  be  applied 
al  all  times  and  to  all  caaes." 

TbaLcHdChief  Justice— <'' I  am 
v^  much  suipiised^  that  su^  an 
observation  should  be  made.  The 
Ckmrt  has  kid  down  no  regulation, 
nor  has  it  placed  anj  one  in  the  sU 
taotion  of  a  victim:  it  has  oplj 
thrown  out  an  intimation,  which 
the  ^reat  press  of  business  and  the 
puhhc  interests  seem  absolutely  to 
require." 

Mr.  Selwyn— ''  I  felt  it  my  duty 
to  make  ^  remark  whidi  I  have 
made,  because  I  will  never  have  it 
said,  that  I  surrendered  the  nAta 
ofmyprofesskm." 

The  Ix>rd  £3ii|ef  Justice  (at- 
t«Dptiii^  to  ii^erpose). — "  There 
are  no  n^ts  in  question." 

Mr.  Sdsvyn  (continuing). — i'  It 
ahatt  Bev«r  besaidj  thati,  situated 
as  I  am  to^y,  expressed  no  dissent 
fimin  ^  regulation,  which,  if  per- 
vanentily  adopted*  would  make  a 
desert  of  these  benches,  and  would 
d^Krive  the  juniors  of  the  bar  of 
those  opportunities  of  addressing 
the  Court,  which  may  give  them 
eiperienoe  and  a  just  eonfidenee  ift 
their  powers,  and  may  qualify  them 
in  due  time  to  becMue  leaders  of 
causes." 

The  Lord  Chief  Justice— '^  I  am 
very  nrodi  concerned  that  such  a 
remark  should  be  made ;  and  I  am 
sure  it  is  not  called  lor  by  any  act 
on  the  part  of  the  judm.  The 
intimatian  is  not  new.  Long  be* 
fina  tbf :|me  nAdOhl  had  mt  the 
honour  te  flit  here,  a  sbmlar  notice 
waa  mote  slron^y  gLvtn,  and  was 
astad  on  widbout  objection,  lam 
always  meet  amdousto  hear  all  that 
can  be  in]ged  by  die  ^ratlemen  of 
the  bar:  I  know  that  their  obaeT'* 
vations  are  not  only  tidiulated  to 
benefit   themselves,  but  to  saire 


their  clients  and  uifi>rm  the  judg^ 
ment  of  the  Court ;  and  it  is  with 
paat  pain  that  I  refrain  fiom  heaiw 
mg  them  at  length*  We  do  90| 
mean  to  say,  tbtt  we  will  hear 
qnly.one  counsel  even  now,  but  we 
put  it  to  the  geatkmen  of  the  bar, 
whether,,  in  .the  present  state  of 
public  business^  they  will  occupy 
the  time  of  the  Court  with  a  repe- 
thion  of  alignments  already  pre* 
tented  to  ita  attention." 

Mr.  Selwyn— "  I  trust  that  I 
have  made  the  remark  which  I  felt 
bound  to  offer,  with  all  the  reqiect 
which  is  due  to  the  Court."     .  . 

The  LordChief Justice— "  Why, 
the  wcnrd  ^^  victim"  nught  have  beoi 
omitted."  .  . 

HouaB  OP  CfioofaiiB.-^An  in* 
teresting  illustration  of  tiie  votes 
of  tiie  members  of  the  House  of 
Commons,  daring  the  last  sea- 
sion  of  parliament,  has  been  pub- 
lished under  the  title  of  ^*  An  Al- 
phabetical List  of  the  Members  of 
the  Commons  House  of  Parliament, 
&c"  It  illustiates  their  votes  both 
for  and  against  ministers  on  14 
great  questions,  and  pves  the  mi- 
norities-on- 86  questMBs;  distin- 
guishing- 69*  mambcrs  who  hold 
places/  tiieenMduments  of  which 
in  the  aggregata,  amoent  to 
183,S7^l>  Ss.  ll^iL  per^mmn,  ao- 
cording.te  a  return  -nMide  to  the 
House  during  last  sassiosil  di»- 
tingwiihing  iumo  about  40  other 
membera-^such  as  the  sons^  bn>« 
thins.  Of  dfipendents  of  the  JLocd 
President  of  the  Council,  of  the 
Secretary  of  State  tcft  the  eol»- 
nies,  &c  who  receive  about  20,0001. 
per  anniAn  out  of  Ae  taxes,^  not 
ineludad  in  the  befine^miMiimecl 
sum  of  ISS^7^S9.  Hid.  The 
following  analysis  and  smnmsvy  h 
deduced  from  ^e  w..ole,  lrii.«^    - 


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fC 


ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[\m. 


MtniJtn  Vot*. 

For 
MinMen. 

Agunsi 

BoUk 

Kot 
•talL 

ToUi.  . 

Fram  40  comities  of  Engknd. .. . 
—   12  ^tto,  and  W  to*rw  of 

25 
13 
59 

151 

•  • 
3^ 

25 
24 

21 

37 

9 

107 

le 

29 

11 

14 
7 

10 

1 

5 

5 

•  • 

• » 
2 

•  • 

8 

1 

11 

28 

.  1 

9 
24 

8 

80' 

24 

—  89a^esaiidb(noa^open 

180 

^  99  »to  ditto,  in  which  the 
niffirage  isyefled  in  bur- 
gage   tenofee  or  tetf' 
deetedeorporataoAs,  and 
eoBaeqii0ntlj     reeolved 
into  indifidualinfiuenoe 

—  15  ditto,  ditto,  ditto    .... 
«—     2  UniTenitieB 

—  83  Counties  and  66  loysl 

hifffdis  of  Scotland...* 

—  82  counties  of iidond  .... 
-^   S3  cities  and   boroughs  of 

196 

29 

4 

45 
64 

36 

_ 

Total 

320 

226 

23 

89 

6U- 

The  following  shows  the  counties,  in  whidi  the  borough  idtaawe 
more  particularly  prevails,  viz. 


Bonogbs. 

Fot 
MtairtiCv. 

AgaiMi 

Not 
alAU. 

,  Totol. 

CnrBwall  <*•••.«••.••. 

21 

16 
13 
12 
12 

9 
5 

32 

18 
13 
17 
13 
9 
9 

3 

8 
10 

4 
6 
8 

«  • 

7 

6 
3 
3 
5 

1 

1 

42 

wUta  .«««•••• • 

32 

fyamm • 

26 

XXemm..**..  .•»..•.• 

24 

Hmta     tt,r--rt.  .r-tr 

24 

DcMiet  ^  •.•«.•.••.•• . 

18 

Snmy  .•.•..•*...••• 

10 

Total 

88 

111 

39 

26 

176 

.    .,        FBBRUARY. 

ISmpfxat  yesterday  oTepingxeaebeJl 
Zarskqiildo, .  and  to-day  am^ 
in  tiMA  «^«  He  ztoaired  to  the 
Cathedtfl  <^  our  U4^  of  Caaan, 
where  Te  Deum  was  pierformed  for 
his  majesty's  happy  return   after 


six moo^ha' absence.    Tteci|yw« 
illuminated  in  ^e  eveni^'  > 
5.  J«IB  Dbogan  Pww.  Ca'*' 

ifly^Pfi^sent,  th^.eprl  of  Liy- 
jfiiHl  the  chanceUor  rf  the  t*- 
cheqjuer.;  th« hon. Beikelfy  I^i 
Viscount  Lowther;  lord  Granville 
H.  Somerset. 


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Cil  R  a  3J  I  OLE, 


n 


oounsel  in  mxpport  of  th^  t&ims  of 
dbe  xnatqaiK  of  Hastings  nuA  tkc 
Qofii.  Aitny,  and  of  those^  nr 
ThoDMa  Hi^p  and  the  army  of 
the  Daoean^  and  having  matin^dy 
and  deHberataly  wdgh^  and  con- 
sidered all  the  documentary  evi«> 
dedce-laidhefinre  liiem,  in  behalf 
<£  the  aewral  paztiM^  and  the  ar- 
guments of  die  dotmsel,  are  of  opi- 
nion, thAt  the  ttott  Just  and  equit- 
Me  pruMsipfe  of  dntribution  will 
W,  1k>-adhew,  as  nearly  as  the  dr- 
eumstanees  of  the  case  may  admit, 
to  that  of  aqtual  capture :  uid  liiat, 
flif&oo^  they  are  aware  that  die 
princ^pe  of  constructive  capture 
must,  under  certain  ctieumstanoes, 
in  a  degree  be  admitted,  thedispo- 
aitkm  should  be  to  limits  mther 
Ana  to  extend,  that  pvinciple : 

^  Th^ore  Aerenneaf  ofttnion, 
dia*  die  mode  (rf"  di$tsibution  origi- 
ndfy  intaoied  l^  tlM  aiar^  of 
Hnstbigs  would  be  most  equitaUe^ 
and  Just,  widi  respect  to  the  booty 
lalBsm  at  Pbenah,  Maludpora  and 
Vagpore ;  and  that  the  booty  taken' 
en  ^aoh  of  t^ose  oeteasfiens  rei^»eo- 
th«ly,  diould  belong  to  the  ^vi- 
wm  of  the  Peeoan  ^rmy  engaged 
in  '^hB  ro^ective  opeMions  in 
whieh  thesaaae  wasoMtured:  btttr 
dnHi,  ae  the  division' of  the  Bengal 
ssv^y,  underbrfgadkr-^generalHar- 
dynuai,  appwi^  to  have  been  put  in 
motion  mr  the  puirpose  of  co-ioperfr- 
tiiig  diieetly  in  die  tttdueden  of 
l^agfom,  and  to  haiv«  been  aetuaUy 
engaged  viMi  »c<»peof  dieeaemy^ 
ante^deDt  to  the  surrender  ef  that 
|pU#,  this  division  anpeara  to  their 
kpMiipr  to  tor  JusUy  endtled  to 
itidre  ty  the  booty  captured  at; 
Nagpore;  and  that  such  other 
booiy;  aHsing  ftom  tbe  onerationr 
ateinst  the  Mainrattas  in  the  yetre 
lliT  and  191^  as  may  90W  be 
subjeec  to  his  majes^s  roMd  di»« 
Vol.  LXV. 


position,  Aoold  be  granted  to  such 
divisions  ci£  t^  mnd  army  under 
die  command  of  die  marqmi  of 
Hastinos,  and  of  die  Decoanandy, 
under  die  command  of  sir  Thome 
Hislop,  as  may  respecdvely  have 
Gii^ytured  thevame. 

^Thdr  lordsh^  are  alio  of 
opinion,  that  eonrermably  to  the 
letter  <^  die  marquis  of  Hastings 
to  sir  Thomas  Ifiikyp,  of  the  12di 
of  January  1818,  sir  Thomas  His- 
lop, as  commander-in-chief  of  die 
Deocsn  army,  and  all  the  olficerg  of 
die  ffeneral  staff  of  that  army,  are 
endded  to  participate  in  the  booty 
which  may  arise  mmi  any  capture 
by  any  divinons  of  the  army  of^e 
Deccan,  until  die  said  army  of  the^ 
Deoean  was  brehen  up  on  die  dlst 
of  March,  1818. 

'^  Their  lordships  have  felt  it  to 
be  inoomdstent  with  their  duty  to 
recommend  to  his  mijesty  to  give 
his  sanction  to  any  agreement  for 
die  oommon  divinon  of  booty,  into 
which  the  several  divisions  of  either 
army  may  have  entered^  as  it  is 
their  decided  (pinion,  that  if  the 
principle  of  actual  ciq^ture  be  not 
adopted,  in  this  case  as  the  rule  of 
disttibiitlon,  no  other  ooneet  or 
eonitable  inle  could  have  been 
adopted,  dian  diat  of  general  dis* 
taibution  amongst  the  forces  of  all 
the  preridendes  engaged  in  the 
combined  operations  of  the  cam-' 
paign. 

**  Their  lordships  do  not  consi- 
der, dmt,  under  all  die  drcum- 
staaeeaof  this  case,  it  vrill  -be  ex- 
pedient to  recommend  to  his  ma- 
lesty  to  grant  any  part  of  diis 
booty  to  the  East-India  Coei^pany. 

'''And  dieir  lordahips  will  subimt 
to  his  majesty  theh-  reeommeada)* 
don,  diat  he  will  be  gracicmsly 
pleased  to  direct, diathisioyal  srant 
of' dbe  said  booty  may  be  made  in 
ocmfomity  viadi  these  fnrineiplell.'^ 

C 


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ANNOAL    register.        [ig£ir. 


6.  The  cause  xelatiTe  to  the  let- 
ter of  Benjamin  Constant  to  M. 
Ifonsin^  procuieuivflenmly  before 
the  Royal  Court  of  Poitien,  was 
heard  on  Thursday  by  the  Court 
of  Paris.  Both  parties^  M.  B.  Con« 
stant  and  the  puUk  proseeutoTy 
Iwd  appealed  agunst  the  sentence 
of  the  Court  oi  First  Instance, 
which  condemned  the  aecused  to 
one  month's  unpnsonment,  and  a 
fine  of  500  fitocs.  The  Court, 
after  hearing  the  pleadings^  and 
deliberating  one  hour,  annulled 
both  sq^ypeau  /  but  nererthdess,  in 
▼irtue  m  article  463  of  the  ponal 
code,  altered  the  punidiment,  con- 
demning M.  B.  Constant  to  pay  a 
.  fine  o£  1,000  francs. 

KiNo's-BBNCH—  The  ISng  t. 
Wright*  Mr.  Gumey  moved  for 
tiie  judgment  ot  the  Court  on  Mrs. 
Susannah  Wi^riit,  who,  having 
been  found  guuty  of  publishing  a 
libel  on  the  Christian  religion, 
was  committed  last  term  to  New- 
gate, for  persisting  to  state  matter 
which  the  court  deemed  offensive. 

Mrs.  Wriffht  now  appealed  on 
thefioor  of  ue  court,. attended  by 
a  female  firiend*  She  was  neatlv 
dressed,  but  seemed  to  have  suf- 
fined  in  health  firom  the  imprison- 
ment whidi  she  had  undergone. 

The  Lord  Chief  Justice  aaked 
her,  if  she  wished  to  offer  any 
thins  in  mitisation  of  punishment. 

Bus.  Wright  replied  that  she  did. 

The  Lord  Chief  Justit^.— Then 
we  are  ready  to  hear  you. 

Mis.  Wri^t  product  a  larse 
mper,  and  procc^ed  to  read  it 
She  be^  by  declaring,  that,  hav- 
ing reviewed  her  ooimuct  in  itbe 
soutude  of  her  prison,  she  saw  no 
reason  to  change  her  opinions,  or 
to  repent  of  the  constancy  with 
which  she  had  urged  them.  When 
she  waa  last  befqre  the  Cotot,  she 
was  fHrepared  to  show,  that  the 


Judges  had  no  ri^t  to  pass  sny 
sentence  upon  her,  because  Cbrii- 
tianity  was  no  part  of  the  law  of 
England.  In  pressing  this  sign- 
ment,  she  had  been  stopped  by 
their  lordships,  because  her  rea^ 
soning  was  not  agr^eaUe  to  their 


Mr.  Justice  BayIey.^Not  be« 
cause  it  was  not  ureeaUe,  but 
because  it  was  not  E^aL  I  wS 
show  to  you,  that  it  is  not  our  as- 
sertion, but  the  solemn  decision  of 
former  judges,  tlttt  Christianity  is 
parcel  of  the  Endish  law,  and 
we  cannot  auffer  ^t  point  to  be 
argued  now.  The  leaned  judge 
then  read  the  opniom  of  the  Court 
in  the Z^'  King  v.  Orme." 

Mrv.  Wr^t,  without  msikiiig 
any  xjpply,  proceeded  with  her  ar* 
gument,  that  Christianity  could 
not  be  part  of  any  human  law, 
and  that  no  human  judges  had  a 
right  to  punish  those  wfio  endea-. 
voured  to  destroy  it. 

The  Lotd  Chief  Justice  then 
addressed  tiie  defendant,  who  con- 
tinued her.  CTdeavoura  to  obtain  a 
hearing  ^— Mrs.  Wright,  you  hafe 
been  informed  by  the  Court,  that 
they  cannot  permit   you  to  con- 
tend, tiiat  to  defame  and  vili^the 
Christian    religion  is  no  ofeope 
against  the  law.    If  you  can  urge 
any  thing,  to  whidi  we  may  p><o- 
periy  attendf— e^ecially  if  you  coi 
address  to  us  any  topics  to  show, 
that  a  pitying  considmtion  of  ycuc 
case  may  be  talcen,  we  are  mo^ 
ready,  nay,  most  anxious,  to  hesr 
you ;  but  we  will  not  hear  what 
we   cannot   listen  to  without  a 
breach  of  the  duty  we  owe  to  oar- 
selves  and  to  the  country*     Ve 
will  not  suffer  any  person^  oonvirt* 
ed  of  a  blasphemoua  libel,  to  repeat 
the    offence,    under    pretence  of 
showing  that  no  judgment  ooght 
to  be  pronounced  against  him. 


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CHRONICLE. 


19 


Mrs;  Wri^t — I  do  not  conn-* 
der  it  as  an  offence^  and  I  will 

Mr.  Justice  Bayley.— It  is  not 
wbat  you  consider  which  must 
prevail,  but  what  the  Court  de- 
tennine,  in  conformity  with  pre* 
▼1008  decisions^  and  under  tho 
nnction  of  their  oaths. 

Mrs.  Wright,  however,  pro- 
eeeded,  as  if  no  prohibition  had 
been  addressed  to  her— '' The 
Christianity  you  say  you  hold" — 

The  Lord  Chief  Justice.— Will 
you  offer  to  us  any  grounds  in 
mitigation  of  punishment  ? 

Aus.  Wright. — I  shall  proceed 
with  this—''  The  Christianity  you 
say  you  hold  "'— 

The  Lord  Chief  Justice.— «We 
are  sorry  to  take  this  course,  but 
we  have  no  option.  The  law  must 
not  be  borne  down  and  trodden 
upon  by  defendants  in  this  man* 
■er.  We  can  hear  no  more,  unless 
you  will  address  us  in  away  which 
we  can  propedy  hear. 

The  J  udges  then  began  to  con- 
sult, but,  during  the  whole  of 
their  consultation,  Mrs.  Wri^t 
mooeeded  to  read  on,  quite  reg^' 
lesi,  and  apparently  unzeeuded. 
At  length  she  was  stopped  by 

Mr.  Justice  Bayley,  who  rose, 
and  without  any  pieliminaxy  ob- 
servation, said, "  Susannah  Wright, 
the  judgment  of  the  Court  on  you 
u,  that,  for  the  offence  of  which 
ybu  have  been,  found  guilty,  you 
be  impxisoned  in  the  House  of 
Correction,  in  Gold  Bath  Fields, 
for  eighteen  calendar  months,  and 
^t  you  pay  to  the  king  a  fine 
of  100/1,  and  thai,  at  the  expira- 
tion of  your  immrisonment,  you 
Jnd  two  nirel&Bf  ibr  your  good  be* 
haviour  for  five  vears,  in  ^  each, 
and  that  you  be  nirther  imprisoned, 
until  audi  sureties  be  found  and 
such  fine  be  paid." 


Mrs.  Wright  was  taken  from  the 
court,  protesting  against  the  sen- 
tence, and  with  a  contemptuous 
smile  on  her  countenance. 

11.  The  Solicitor  General  moved 
the  Kinff'ft-bench  for  a  rule  to  show 
cause,  wnj  a  criminal  informatioxr 
should  not  be  filed  aoainst  Dr. 
O'Meara  for  several  libds  publish- 
ed a^unst  sir  Hudson  Lowe  in 
"  A  Voice  from  St.  Helena-"— 
The  Court  expressed  some  diffi- 
culty in  granting  the  rule,  on  ac- 
count of  the  lateness  of  the  ajp- 
plication.  Mr.  C.  Phillips,  for  the 
aefendant,  observed,  that  no  less 
than  three  grand  juries  had  sat, 
since  opportunity  was  affiirded  for  . 
the  application,  ^ter  consulting  ' 
with  dye  other  Judges,  the  lora 
chief  justice  granted  the  rule,  say- 
ine,  "  You  may  take  your  rale  ; 
ana  in  showing  cause,  perhaps  you 
will  produce  authorities  for  our  in* 
teifering  at  so  late  a  period." 

12.  Inthecourtof&ing's-bench, 
five  persons  recently  convicted  of 
keepmg  gaming-houses  in  Pall- 
Mall  uid  St.  James's*street,  were 
brought  up  for  judgment: — Ro- 
giers  was  sentenced  to  pay  a  fine 
of  SflOOL  and  to  be  imprisoned  in 
Cold  Bath  Fields  12  months; 
Humphrey,  to  pay  a  fine  of  200^ 
and  to  be  imprisoned  two  years; 
Oldfield,  to  pay  a  fine  of  1,0001. 
and  to  be  imprisoned  in  the  King's- 
bench  prison;  Bennett  to  pay  a 
fine  of  1000/.  and  to  be  impri- 
soned ii^  the  same  jdaoe ;  and  Car- 
los to  n^  a  fine  of  500^  and  to 
be  impnsoned  in  Cold  Bath  Fields, 
each  tor  18  calendar  mondis. 

13.  Upwards  of  250  soEoitors 
met  at  the  Crown  and  Andior 
Tavern,  in  the  Strand,  to  adopt 
such  measures  with  respect  to  th» 
king's  counsel  in  hi^dbest  practice 
in  the  court  of  Chancery,  aa 
might  lead  to  a  more  effectual  per- 


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ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


Dws. 


fermanoe  of  their  duty  to  their 
olieats,  than  has  taken  pkoe  since 
the  establishment  c^  the  Vice- 
chancellor's  court.  Mr.  Le  Blanc 
was  in  the  chair.  The  measure 
suggested  as  most  advisable,  was 
the  appointment  of  a  committee 
to  consider  the  propriety  of  secur- 
ing justice  to  their  clients  by  em- 
ploymg  those  gentlemen  of  the  bar 
only,  who  would  attend  strictly  to 
the  business  placed  in  their  hands, 
and  who  were  determined  not  to 
divide  their  attention  between  the 
courts,  in  such  a  manner  as  to  ^ve 
cause  of  complaint.—- Resolutions 
to  this  effect  were  immediately 
^  agreed  to. 

These  resolutions,  however, 
proved  ineflBsctuaL  None  of  the 
gentlemen  of  the  bar  made  any 
^Iteration  in  their  usual  line  ci 
conduct.  The  truth  viras,  that  this 
clamour,  raised  by  the  aolicitars, 
was  wholly  without  foundation* 
No  instance  is  to  be  found  of  any 
Ung^s  counsel  neglecting  his  duty 
to  his  client. 

15.  LnrxBPOOL.— Half-past  12 
o'clock. — ^The  election  terminated 
by  the  withdrawing  of  the  two 
(mpodtion  candidates,  and  Mr. 
Huskisson  was  veturned.  The 
numbers  stood,  at  the  dose  of  the 
poll-. 

Mr.  Huskisson ...  236 
Lord  Molyneux  .  .    SI 
Or.  CraupUm  ...      0 
•    19.    Nbwcassus^upon-Tyhji. 
— In  the   thea^   shortly    after 
the  commencement  of  the  second 
9Ct  of  Tom  and  Jerry,  cme  <^  the 
gas-li^ts,  in  the  thud  box  finm 
ibe  stage,  setfiretothewood-^work 
that  enctoied  the  pipe.    The  can** 
sequence  was,  that  an  immediate 
alum  of  *  fire'  pervaded  the  house, 
partioularly  the  gaileiy,  which  was 
veiy  much  crewoed.    Although  it 
was  soon  apparent  to  the  company 


in  Uie  boxes  andTthe  pit,  dutt  there 
was  little  or  no  danger  to  be  q^ 
prehended,  the  people  in  the  ^- 
liery  were  not  to  be  tranquilHsed. 
Considerable  efforts  were  made 
from  the  staoe,  too,  to  peisuade 
them,  that,  iT  they  wouM  but  pa- 
tiently wait  a  very  short  tiaie, 
they  would  see  eveiy  thing  re< 
stcnred  to  order.  All  in  vain:  a 
deaf  ear  was  turned  to  the  advice 
given  to  them^-«nd  with  a  ire* 
mendous  rush,  they  stru^s^  ^ 
egress.  Eight  individual  weie 
literally  trodden  to  death !  Msay 
more  sustained  severe  injury. 

2a  Old  Bailbv — Benjaam 
Moore,  a  well-dressed  young  msn, 
was  indicted  for  assaulting,  on  the 
kinff's  highway^  general  Wm.  Kcrr» 
with  intent  to  rob  him. 

By  the  evidence  of  the  prosecu- 
tor it  appeared,  that  on  the  7th  of 
February  witness  had  been  diniqg 
at  the  United  Service  Club,  in 
Waterko-pkce.  He  kft  that  house 
shortly  before  ei^t  o'clock,  not  ia 
the  least  afiect^  by  wine,  snd 
passed  through  St.  Jnmeg's-squar^ 
by  the  house  of  the  late  marquis 
ci  Londonderry.  He  wore  at  the 
time  a  military  doak,  which,  beinc 
open  in  hoot,  left  his  chain  and 
seals  exposed  to  view.  When  he 
arrived  near  the  bottom  of  Duke* 
street,  he  suddenlyreceivedavident 
hk»w  on  the  back  of  his  headf  which 
almost  stunned  him.  Findinghixa- 
salf  umtble  to  renst,  witness  calis4. 
out  for  help;  and  turning  round  ts 
see  who  was  near  him,  he  ftD 
against  some  railings,  aadhel^^ 
b^them.  He  saw  a  man  stimdiiig 
ciose  behind,  with  (as  wkness  dia^ 
conceived)  alargestic^  inhishttd. 
Hie  man  held  the  stick  up  Wi^ 
both  his  hands,  in  the  attitude  rf 
strikmg.  Witness  thoutth^  that>  iv 
it  had  been  a  sdck,  &  blow  hs 
received  must  have  finictvnd  kV 


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CHRONICLE. 


21 


jdndL  The  DMn  did  not  fltoike  a 
sncmd  \A6w,  bat  ran  off,  whett 
witness  again  cried  out  for  aisrist- 
«nde.  Tlie  night  was  dark^  but 
tkere  were  three  gas  lamps  near 
the  qwt  where  he  was  attacked. 
Witness  saw  two  men  on  the  op- 
posite side  of  the  way^  one  of 
whom  ran  after  the  prisoner^  and 
the  other  came  over  to  support 
witness.  In  a  few  minutes^  and 
while  witness  still  coatinned  on 
^kt  spot^  the  prisoner  was  brought 
to  him  hy  a  soldier  and  the  man 
who  had  pursued  him.  The  pri^ 
floner  then  appeared  to  be  much 
hatted  and  agitated,  and  said  to 
wittieaSy  "  Are  you  the  man  I 
shoved  against  just  now?"  Witness 
replied^  to  the  best  of  his  recoUeo* 
tioQ,  "  I  don't  know  what  you  call 
shoving,  but  some  cowardly  villain^ 
a  few  minutes  ago^  most  cruelly 
assault^  me  behind  my  back." 
The  prisoner  said^  he  had  taken 
witness  for  another  man.  The 
ttisbner  held  a  cotton  umbrella  in 
his  handy  which  appeared  to  be  sa- 
tnlftted  with  rain.  The  blow  wit- 
vsis  received  was  a  most  severe 

Shis  head  was  much  swollen^ 
he  even  now  felt  the  effects 
of  it. 

Michael  Donovan  proved^  that 
ha  was  passing  through  Duke^ 
street  on  the  n^ht  in  question^  in 
cMspany  with  a  man  of  the  name 
of  Oanin.  Me  heard  a  ery  (^ 
"  Help,  for  God's  sake,"  and  heard 
at  the  same  time  a  blow^  or  Uows. 
On  ^e  opponte  side  of,  the  way, 
he  saw  two  persons ;  one  of  them 
was  staggering,  and  the  other  was 
running  away.  Witness  pursued 
the  man  who  was  running  away^ 
and  overtook  him  at  the  bottom  of 
St.  James's-square.  During  the 
t^ase,  witness  cried  out,  ^*  Stop 
him i'  and  in  Pall-mall  a  soldier 
did  stop  him.     When  the  soldier 


stopped  him,  ihe  misouer  struck 
him  with  an  umbrdla. 

Osmin  and  the  soldier,  hf  theit 
evidence,  oohfirmed  this  account 
most  fiQly.  The  prisoner  waft 
taken  io  St.  James's  watchhouse. 

In  his  defence,  the  prisoner 
stated,  that  he  had  attacked  the  ge- 
neral by  mistake,  conceiving  hii6 
to  be  another  man.  He  denied 
that  he  had  any  intention  to  rob 
the  prosecutor;  and  represented 
the  improbability,  that,  if  he  had 
intended  to  rob  the  genetal,  h^ 
would  have  incumbered  himself 
with  an  umbrella. 

Several  witnesses  gave  the  pri^ 
soner  a  good  character.  One  oC 
them  was  his  own  brothef ,  a  re^ 
spectable  tailor  in  Bond-street. 

The  jury  (after  the  judge  had 
summed  up  the  evidence)  asked, 
whether  they  could  find  the  pri- 
soner guilty  of  the  assault,  exclud- 
ing the  intent  to  steal  ? 

Mr.  Baron  Graham  explained, 
that  the  prisoner  had  been  indicted 
upon  A  particular  act  of  parliament, 
and  that  the  Jury  must  be  satisfied, 
that  it  was  the  prisonei's  intention 
to  comlnit  a  robbery.  The  prisons 
must  therefore  be  pronounced 
either  guilty,  or  whoDv  innocent  of 
the  charge.  Not  Guilty  was  the 
verdict. 

SI.  MuRDBA.  —  Efy  Amst 
Court, — John  Ri^(S  was  ciMivioted 
of  the  murder  of  John  Landen, 
with  a  hedge-stake,  in  a  planta- 
tion on  the  farm  of  Jonathan 
Page,  esq.,  in  Burnt  Pen,  parish  of 
Littleport« 

On  his  first  examination,  Rolfe 
charged  two  labouring  Fen  men, 
his  neighbours,  as  accomplices  ^^h 
him  in  this  deed,  who  were  imme- 
diately apprehended.  As  he  per- 
sisted in  charging  them  with  bdtig 
the  first  who  struck  Landen^ 
another   examination   took   place, 


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ANNUAL    REGISTER.        [lui. 


in  the  ooune  of  which  their  inno- 
cence was  80  clearly  manifested, 
that  at  length  Rolfe  adbiowledged 
the  falsehood  of  his  tale^  and  con- 
fessed himself  to  have  heen  the 
sole  perpetrator  of  the  deed !  After 
hiscondemnation^he  became  sullen^ 
-and  regardless  of  his  approaching 
fate,  until  a  few  hours  before  his 
execution  took  place,  when  he 
made  the  following  voluntary  con- 
fession of  his  crime,  vie : — 

''  That  he  went  with  Landen, 
from  the  house  of  the  latter,  on 
the  night  he  committed  the  mur- 
der, to  the  plantation,  where  they 
had  agreed  to  take  the  game  ;  soon 
^if^  they  had  arrived  there,  while 
Landen  was  stooping  to  set  a 
snare,  he  struck  him  with  the 
back  part  of  a  casting-tod-— «  kind 
.of  fen-spade,  which  he  had  brought 
with  hun  horn  Landen's  house; 
.that  he  repeated  the  blows  two  or 
three  times,  though  he  believed 
the  first  had  killed  him,  as  the 
only  words  he  spoke  after  were— 
/Oh  dear!'— that  he  did  not 
struggle  at  all.  The  bludceon,  he 
said,  produced  in  Court,  lie  had 
never  seen  before:  that  Landen 
took  no  stick  with  him,  but  cut 
one  on  entering  the  plantation  for 
himsel£  He  nid,  that  he  had  de- 
termined to  kill  Landen  two  or 
three  days  hdore  he  did  it,  and 
that  his  object  was,  the  booty  of 
his  money,  watch,  and  his  high 
shoes,  which  he  unlaced  and  took 
from  his  feet;  but  that  he  was 
also  afraid  Landen  would  inform 
against  him  for  some  fowls  they 
had  stolen  together.  That  he 
intended  the  fen-spade,  which  he 
brought  from  Landen's  house,  for 
another  purpose  beside  the  murder 
of  Landen;  that  was,  to  die  his 
grave,  and  bury  him;  which  he 
thought  he  had  sufficiently  done." 

25.  T»«  King  r.  JopN  F»r« 


RisB.^This  was  an  informatiflii, 
filed  ex-qffido  by  the  attorney'^ 
na»l,  against  &e  captain  oTa 
merchant  vessel,  for  carrying  two 
seamen  named  Clarke  and  Morris, 
to  Genoa,  and  wilfully  leaving 
them  at  that  port. 

The  Soliator-Geneial  stated, 
that  this  prosecution  was  issti' 
tuted  under  the  statute  of  Wit 
liam,  which  was  passed  to  protect 
British  teamen  ttom  a  species  of 
OTOMfeasion  to  whidi  they  were  pe- 
cumrly  liable.  There  was  a 
douUe  temptation  to  captains  to 
leave  their  men  in  foreign  ports, 
because  the  mariners  were  not  en- 
titled to  waoes  unless  they  per- 
formed the  vmole  voyage,  and  be- 
cause foreign  sailors  migh  I  be  hired 
at  a  cheap  rate  to  navigate  the 
vessel  on  her  voyage  home.  To 
shield  seamen  frcnn  this  evil,  the 
statute  prohibited,  in  Uie  most 
positive  terms,  the  leaving  of  any 
sailor  at  a  foreign  port  by  the  o^ 
tain  of  a  merdiant  vessel  Tne 
defendant  had  taken  Clarke  and 
Morris  on  board  at  Bristol,  but  st 
Genoa  had  refused  to  aUowthen 
provisions,  in  order  to  compel 
them  to  leave  the  ship.  Th^ 
were  willins  to  go,  if  the  captain 
woidd  pay  them  their  wages,  bat 
he  refused  to  do  so;  and  while 
they  were  oone  ashore  to  obtain 
provisions,  he  set  sail  without 
them.  The  British  consul  pro- 
vided for  them  while  they  re- 
mained there,  secured  them  a  pa^ 
sage  home,  and  passed  them  to 
the  Navy  Boaid,  by  whom  this 
prosecution  was  directed.  A  sinuj 
lar  indictment  had  been  tried 
three  years  ago,  and  the  Admiralty, 
thinkmg  it  of  great  importance, 
had  caused  the  proceedings  to  be 
printed,  and  had  ordered  a  copy  to 
be  placed  in  the  office  of  evtry 
British  consul. 


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The  ca^  was  proved  by  the 
Uro  seamen^  Moths  and  Clarke. 

The  defendant  made  an  address 
to  the  jury,  in  which  he  conn 
plained  that  the  sailors  had  not 
oone  their  duty  as  he  expected, 
hot  did  not  ap^y  his  observations 
to  the  nuileiiarpart  of  the  diarge. 

The  jury  found  t]i»  ddcnlant 
Gnihy. 

AnSWSB  of  THB  BIOBT  HON.  T. 

Walulc^,  M.  p.  (late  prendent 
of  the  Board  of  Trade),  to  the 
Address  from  the  merchants, 
bankers,  ship-owners,  and  others 
connected  with  the  trade  of  the 
Port  of  London,  presented  on 
the  26th  of  February,  1823 :~ 

It  is  for  the  first  time,  I  be- 
lieve, that  it  has  been  the  good 
fortune  of  any  individual,  under 
unikur  drcumstanoes,  to  receive 
fiton  the  great  mercantile  body 
«f  the  city  of  London  the  honour 
that  fans  been  conferred  upon  me, 
hy  this  most  gratifying  address; 
gratifying^  not  Ten  from  the  senti- 
mento  it  conveys  tiian  firom  the 
manner  in  whidi  the  communica- 
tion lias  been  made  to  me. 

If  yon  do  justice  to  the  emotions 
which  tlie  sense  of  such  an  honour, 
and  from  such  a  bod^,  cannot  hSL 
to  ezcito  in  a  mind  not  dead  to 
every  feeling  of  honest  pride,  you 
must  be  satisfied,  how  hopeless  it 
would  be  (m  my  part,  if  I  at^ 
tenq^ied  to  find  language  capable 
of  givkig  ezpresnon  to  wl^t  I 
ieel  at  the  pseaent  moment  I 
win,  therefore,  simnly  assure  you, 
that  I  thank  you  nom  my  heart 
fiir  this  inestimable  testimony  of 
your  esteem,  and  that  I  receive 
horn  yon,  with  the  profoundest 
sentiments  of  xewfod  and  gratis 
todj^  this  hiriiest  di^tinctioii  to 
which  A  pubue  man  in  a  he^ 
country  can  aspire,  the  qpontaneoos 


acknowledgment  of  his  services 
by  a  body  of  his  oountiprmen, 
not  only  most  important  m  its 
intimato  relation  to  the  national 
wealth  and  prosperity,  but  at  the 
same  time,  best  qualified  to  ap- 
predato  the  services  it  has  oon- 
desoended  to  iq^prove. 

Thankful  as  I  am,  I  reiaui, 
however,  too  just  an  estimato  of 
the  limited  extent  of  my  own 
powers  to  presume,  that  anv  pos- 
sible exertion  of  them  could  en^- 
title  me  to  a  distinction  so  un- 
exampled. Much  I  must  be  con- 
scious is  due  to  the  partiality  with 
which  my  efforts  have  been  viewed  ; 
much  more  to  the  purposes  to 
which  they  were  directed  and  the 
principles  which  governed  them; 
and  most  of  all  to  the  results  they 
were  intend^  to  obtain.  If  any 
differences  of  qpinion  have  existed 
in  remect  to  the  measures  of 
which  I  have  been  the  advocate, 
I  have  the  hafrpiness  to  see  before 
me  a  convincing  proof,  that  the 
eandour  of  those  who  differed 
from  me  has  never  denied  to  my 
motives  the  most  favourable  in- 
terpretation. To  relieve  the  ship- 
ping of  the  country  from  every 
vexatious  and  unnecessary  bur- 
den; to  sinmlify,  consolidate, 
and  improve  the  laws  by  which 
our  navigation  has  been  regulated ; 
to  give  additional  freedom  to  our 
intercourse  with  foreign  states ;  to 
recommend  a  system  S  trade  more 
adapted  to  the  aoe  in  which  we 
live,  and  the  en&htened  and  li- 
beral principles  that  characterise 
it»  freed  fitom  the  antiquated  pre- 
judices that  made  us  view  vrith 
jealous  apprehension  the  industry 
and  progress  of  other  nations,  and 
unincumbered  by  ^  shackles  and 
restrictions  those  prejudices  had 
imposed ;  to  open  wide  our  ports 
for  the  adffiisaon  and  transit  of 


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ANNUA  I.    REOISTER.        iim 


At  fipdubCiotM  of  every  ii^miiy^; 
lo  wider  this  idand  tk6  imivmid 
ctnpodm  of  trader  and  to  «iee  ^ 
cilj  rf  LoadoQ  tiie  metanoi^olifi 
vKyt  •nly'of  Ike  fint  (eomifiercid 
laiifldo«i  ^t  of  A^  coilimercial 
.wond  itself >  bave  been  the  9t|jeetiB 
for  some  yean  to  which  the  hopes 
9Ai  lab6urs  of  ity  publk  life  hleive 
be^  ocmstaatly  devoted;  ol^ect^ 
of  wb]€by  timmgh  the  koiofm  soi^ 
MsoeatB  of  his  snuesty's  goveror 
^msntj  and  the  wisdom  iaf  the  kgifr- 
Jature^  I  isnult,  ttnder  the  Uesmig 
of  Prbvidence*  we  shall  all  witr 
nim  the  accomj^lmieiit*  If  this 
should  happily  be  achieved^  if  I 
shall  have  been  fortunate  enou^ 
•to  be  in  any  d^ree  a  humble  inr- 
,strument  in  the  success  of  such  a 
work,  the  consciousness  of  having 
fulfilled  my  duty^  the  certain 
prospenty  ci  the  country^  and» 
gentlemen,  the  gmteful  remem*- 
brance  of  this  day>  I  shaU  fe^l  to 
be  rewards  hi  beyond  any  pre- 
tension^ I  can  possess,  and  move 
than  sufficient  to  satisfy  the  ut^ 
fiiost  wish  any  vtasoiiable  ambittoa 
^ooiild  chmash.  The  aMunmce  of 
this  feeling,  I  tnlRt,  will  be  aci 
eepted  by  yon  as  A»  hM  j^M^e  I 
jcan  ofier,  that  my  4eal  wul  never 
be  li^mitted,  white  any  part  of 
the  duty  imposed  on  me  by  the 
wish  you  have  been  pleased  to  eai^ 
press  is  kft  unpeffiwmed^  and 
while  it  is  in  my  power  in  any 
way  to  oantribute  to  the  advaneef 
ment  of  our  navign&n  and  oqib^ 
xnexoe^  to  whiA  may  bs  traeed  so 
satMhof^bkasiags  wfciflh,  at  a 
pea|de»  we  eni«y,  our  weafadi»  our 
greatntfls,  our  mantime  pokier,  oar 
exalted  statioB  amonnkjaiiDcikidt 
in^  nattoni^  even  of  &e  Ufaoriy  df 
this  country  iftadf^  and  iim  aaeans 
by  which  n^a  ham  been;«Md]iad  to 
bear  so  glosioiis  a  partrin  rb^estaib4 
lishing,  I  hope  rpocmanmtiy,  thii 


fMedofn  Mid  iadependeiice  sfEo^ 
rope.  Allow  me  M  trespMi^wa 
momevifurtlier  on  your  attciltiDn, 
to  expreKs  myparticular  oUigstifli 
to  y0«i  g^tlemea  who  have  dsil 
me  the  honour  of  -  attending- eft 
this  <H)pa^on;  and  to  asstcMya^ 
that  your  penonallalidiiesitemi^ 
in  coBSentiBg  tP  folm  -iHs  dila- 
tation, has  made  an  imprentft 
npan  my  mind,  that  will  remsm 
imalter^  to  the  latest  hour  (tf  tof 
Kfe. 

FiticNCH  Pbbss. — An  artSdid  in 
^e  Drapeau  Blanc  having  J^Ven 
offence  to  the  Chamber  of  mis, 
the  editor  of  that  journal,  and  M. 
MartainVille,  the  writer  of  the  ar- 
ticle, were  brou^t  to  the  bar  of 
that  assemibly.  They  wew  beud 
by  themselvei^  and  sbuiisGl,.ifM 
vHiich  the  Chamber  acquitted  ihs 
editor,  and  sentenced  Mrtaalviik 
to  be  imprisoned  one  mooth,  ani 
to  pay  a  fine  of  UK)  fimoa  Thi 
proceedings  were  with  dosed  deesi. 

SB.  LcncDPoBiBiitiuve^Cijaoa 
-»-This  important  ease,  alter  bai4ng 
sieeupied  seventeen  days,  in  ^ 
emminatioa  of  witnesses,  wal 
this  day  conehided.  Mr.  emsttii^' 
wumar  Trower  summed  up  tbe 
whole  at  gnst  knffdi.  fie  ptr- 
ticnlaily  eommented  on  the  ^ 
dienoa  of  the  OMdical  nten,  wb* 
had  dedared  bird  PcBrtaoHiutk  t$ 
beef  ansDundmind,aadpiitilM 
the  Jury,  whether  they  had  ssM 
any  thing  in  their  ennmiiiatikit  rf 
his  krdship  to  lead  tium  t»  a  d^ 
feremt  aB«iiu»»«  In  alluding  «a 
tkeTnatriage  of  the  mett  with  m 
m»nt  oouBtess,  he  thought  thai 
Mr«  ikaoen  had  besa  ipinty  of  a 
denttotion  of  his  doty  BS  a  trustee^ 
in  acting  a|  he  had  actad  In  to- 
tbosapoe  «f  tfaia  manriaga  wUhoal 
the  knoadadge  of  the  it^htrthislesft 
The  jury  rechcd  Ibr  an  houf,  «nd 
then  rtfturped  iud  ajMnhnotts  ^^tt* 


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CHRONIC  L>E. 


B8 


^fid^-^'  Thte  Joim  CSHucki,  M 
«CF<tftgmmtt]i,  it  a  mtat  of  tm^ 
•OMdd  fliiiid  uii  ocmditkni,  flul 
mttaJAB  of  gignagi^  hiwiitlf  and 
tdbUUn;  ftndtkttl  he  hM  beoi 
wftotitluilst Jan.,  l^."  Th^ 
inf  mfttturwdB  d«daved,  at  th^ 
•aggwekvn  of  tlHi  chief  dommii^ 
nmer,  tluit^  having  heaid  no  evi. 
doMe  on  the  Miat,  they  knew 
mot  who  wag  heir  to  the  titles 
and  astaiteB  of  the  earl  of  Portd*- 
nooth. 

OBfUBRAtS      FbP91      Aim     Ca«. 

mAacosk^^Abotit  two  yearft  agt^ 
the  Nei^Milkafi  eenMral  Carascoaa 
announced  hii  leterminatkm  of 
coiUiig  out  lieut^general  WMHam 
Pepey  kite  cdndaander  of  ^e  Neai- 
^raotaa  forees.  Vety  shortly  after 
fBMnd  Pepo'a  atiiral  iA  London, 
•which  waaon  the  Istof  this  month, 
ha  received  a  letttnr  from  gen^ 
Caraaoosa,  in  which  that  offioeif, 
aftto  dmt^ne  geiieral  Pepe  with 
conchM  injnrWdto  his  reputation, 
aaowad  his  opinion,  that  military 
tavoltilfiens  were.  In  ail  eases,  tenv- 
*nff  to  the  pHnei|des  ef  honour 
**-4hat  any  duuige  in  the  gorem* 
■aat  of  Nicies  was  nnnecessaiy 
«-*«nd  adll  kas  in  that  of  Spaixt^ 
Hie  ItftOT  condadsd  with  a  oha]«> 
lawe  in  the  wdal  terms. 

To  IMa  ktler,  geiiaral  Pepe  re^ 
fiiady  hy  declaring  his  ofrndon,  that 
«vary  free  state  waa  indebted  for 
Ita  liteity  to  military  retdotiott, 
not  tstoepthig  even  Ea^and^that 
^  %)aidarda  were  now  a  pray  t6 
dvil  teas«hy,  only  because  certain 
MividaBia,  eaHxi^  themselves  Li- 
betvd^  were,  in  fact,  hostile  to 
the  eonsiitntion  df  the  Cortes^ 
that  he  had  entpk^^  the  atttiM^ 
rilf  which  his  rank  and  his  eem« 
lotttd  had  given  him  at  Naples, 
tareslst  the  despotism  of  a  govern* 
mont,  wWch,  while  it  rendered 
wia  peapla  ttikfertd^le)  was  of  no 


aodid  advofttaga  to  flto  taigHug 
dyaasi^t^— and  ooneloded  l^  ao* 
oep^g  the  ehaUenge* 

On  thoiiOth^  the  gsneaals  mat 
^'^^-coiHit  Santa  Rosa^  ex-ttuaistaa 
of  war  of  Piedmotit,  attended  gOii 
Boral  Pepe>  and  M.  Bnntet,  a 
fi«odigeiftleman,  general Caras^ 
4Xmu  '^e  weapons  were  awocda^ 
and  the  coasbatants  engaged ;  hut 
at  the  soocmd  pass,  geiMral  Pope's 
sword  sxiappad  short  near  tho 
guard,  on  wmoh  the  saoonds  tntar^ 
wed,  and  the  ocanhat^  as  ia  usual 
in  suob  casos,  wbm  defenad.  . 

A  secotid  meeting  took  ^aao 
to-day,  a  few  miks  from  Loa-^ 
don,  not  to  ftom  Kow^bridge* 
On  ongagbig^  genaral  Cafaaeosa 
attacked  with  ^eat  in^ietnoii^  | 
bat  afber  sevcMd  passes  on  both 
aides,  general  Pefie  seiskig  lik  ad- 
vmsary's  sword  l«4th  Ins  left  haod^ 
disarmed  him;  and-  pladag  tho 
pohit  of  his  sword  at  his  breast, 
had  his  1Mb  in  his  powos..  Halt 
the  afikit' Would  have  terminated, 
but  genet^  Carascosa,  an  reoovefu 
4ng  his  BWGtdi  renewed  theoenibat> 
which  Was  warmly  maintained) 
until  he  wai  finally  disabled,  by  a 
Ihfust  from  getieral  Pc^  in  the 
rif^t  shoulder.  General  Pepe^ 
aed^  his  advemry  kioapaMo  of 
fbrther  defence,  dedined  availtog 
himself  of  his  advantage;  ^aad 
tilus  the  dudi  tenninaied. 


MARCH. 

1.     Hi^liWAV    RdttBBY   n  A 

tmikjaJtt.-^On  Thntsday  eveaiiw^ 
kt  ab^t  halftpaat  seven  o^dod^ 
ka  liUss  Dnney,  a  farmer's  daiigh* 
ter  at  ReedOmm,  in  Nor^c^,  about 
16  years  of  age,  iVas  on  tter  re* 
tniti  home  ftom  YsBrtnouih/  ac* 
tompanied  by  a  female  servant  and 
a"boy>  ^e  was  8cce<»ted  on-Had^ 


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ANNUAL  REGISTER. 


iim. 


diaooe  Dam  bf  a  penon  in  wonma's 
atdre>  who  approached  her  and 
demanded  her  nioBe79  with  a 
threal  flf  cutting  her  throat  if  she 
did  not  insta^tfy  comply^  at  the 
sanie  time  pnttinff  her  hand  in 
her  hoaom,  ai  if  to  take  out,  the 
knife.  On  hearins  thii  threap 
the  servant  and  the  ooy  ran  away> 
leaving  Miss  Disney  in  the  power 
of  the  rohher,  to  whom  she  deli- 
vered a  moroooo  purse  with  SSj^ 
and  a  hundle  containing  oranges^ 
lace,  &c  On  ihe  reoe^t  of  the 
boo^,  the  robber  made  a  precipi- 
tate retreat  When  Miss  Disney 
acrived  at  Haddisooe^  the  drcum* 
stance  had  become  pretty  generally 
known  horn  the  servant  and  hoy, 
and  several  people  were  abput  to 
hasten  to  her  assistance.  The 
Yarmouth  Monung  Star  coach 
coming  up  shortly  sftetf  informa- 
tion S  the  robbery  was  given  to 
the  coachman.  On  the  coach's 
arrival  at  St.  Olave's-bridge,  the 
landlord  of  the  public-house  Uiere, 
asked,  if  he  had  room  finr  a  female 
to  Yarmouth,  to  whidi  he  replied 
in  the  aflbrmative.  The  female 
then  made  her  appearance;  and 
it  immediately  occurred  to  the 
coachman,  that  she  must  be  the 
robber,  of  whom  a  descrrotion  had 
been  given  him  at  Haddiscoe. 
The  coachman  placed  her  inside, 
and  requested  a  friend  to  get  in 
also,  and  to  take  charge  of  her,  but 
not  to  make  his  suspicions  known. 
On  the  arrival  of  the  coach  at 
Yarmouth,  a  mayor^s  oflker  took 
her  to  his  own  house ;  where,  on 
examining  the  bundle  she  had  with 
her,  it  was  found  to  contain  the 
very  articles  v^hich  had  been  stolen 
from  Miss  Disney ;  and  on  a  fur- 
ther search,  the  purs^  with  its 
contents,  was  found  beneath  her 
stays.  To-day  she  was  brought 
up  for  examination  before  the  ma« 


giatimtes  fior  the  county,  at  Yar- 
moutii;  when  it  appeared,  that 
Missl^sney,  with  the  servant  and 
boy,  came  to  Yarmouth  in  the 
foroMon  of  the  day  of  the  robbety 
to  make  a  few  pur^ases;  ani,ia 
tha  course  of  their  ^gamnMatim, 
met  vrith  the  prisooer,  who  was 
well  known  to  Miss  IMsney  fion 
their  bavins;  lived  in  the  sme 
pariA  togetSer.  On  their  reton 
nomein  ^  evening,  the  prisanflr 
expressed  her  intentum  of  .aeeonh 
panying  them  part  of  tiie  wayi 
and  proceeded  vnth  them  as  fiir 
as  Fritton,  when  she  bade  them 
good  ni|^  Miss  Disney  had  noti 
however,  proceeded  far  over  Had- 
discoe Dam,  when  die  was  ac- 
costed by  the  prisoner  in  the  msii- 
ner  before  described^  whom  ibe 
then  took  to  be  a  man  disguised  as 
awoman.  The  prisoner  was  fully 
comroitted  to  Norwidi  Castle,  to 
take  her  trial  for  the  oflfence.  She 
is  about  18  or  19  years  of  age. 

Wild  BBAavB.>— The  Idtf  of  Msa 
was  lately  in  danger  of  beingotcr* 
run  by  beasts  of  prey.  Thecarawi 
behmging  to  PoUto^  got  intoa  de^ 
drift  of  snow,  on  the  road  betweeo 
Dou^as  9xA  Ramsay,  when,  owing 
to  tl^  inclination  of  the  vehiclei, 
the  beasts  were  finreed  on  one  side; 
the  boards  gave  way,  and  ftrth 
issued  tigers,  bears,  hyenas,  tod 
other  animals ;  but  their  £emtiif 
was  totally  paralyaed,  either  by  ^ 
cold,  or  the  appearance  of  the  sno^ 
all  around,  ud  they  were  agaitt 
gotten  into  secure  confinement. 

Tbbad  Mill.— Mr.  Secretaiy 
Ped,  in  January  last,  addressed  a 
circular  to  the  visiting  magi^ 
trates  of  the  twenty  gaols  and 
houses  of  correction,  wl^re  tread- 
wheels  have  been  estaUiihed; 
*'  asking  how  long  the  tread-whed 
had  been  in  operation  j  and  wh^ 
ther  they  had  found  any  injuiiooi 


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27 


c&ctf  had  been  prodiioed  by  it 
on  the  bodies  or  Um  of  the  pri- 
80Ben«  who  had  woned  tha!eat  ?" 
The  replies  of  the  magistxates  in 
efEbct  are^  that  no  injury  of  the 
sort  ia  complained  of;  on  the 
contrary,  that  the  tread-wheel  is 
conducive  to  health. 

Prinob  Estbbhazy. — Some 
oonsiderabLe  time  ago,  a  Frendi- 
man,  calling  himself  count  de 
Bettera,  waited  upon  prince  Paul 
Esterhasy,  and  made  a  daim  for 
the  payment  of  a  large  sum  of 
money,  which  he  alleged  he  had 
won  at  a  ggming-table,  during  a 
residence  in  Austria,  from  prince 
Nicholas  Esterhasy,  the  fintner  of 
prince   PauL      The    prince,    not 


hein^  inclined  to  give  implicit 
credit  to  such  a  story,  rensted 
the  ^flnmiMJ ;  but,  finally,  in  order 
to  get  rid  (^  the  claimant,  who 
was  exceedio^y  boisterous  and 
troublesome  in  his  mode  of  en* 
fordnf;  his  suit,  he  consented  to 
py  him  150^,  upon  condition  that 
It  should  be  taken  as  an  entire 
acquittance,  and  that  he  should 
quit  this  country.  Bettera,  how- 
ever, subsequently  repeated  his 
demand  for  the  whole  sum,  which 
he  had  allied  in  the  first  instance 
to  be  due  to  him ;  and,  fEuHng  in 
obtatning  it,  he  had  recourse  to 
threats  and  conduct  (tf  the  most 
noleat  kind.  He  took  every  op* 
portunity  of  insulting  the  prince;, 
and  that  as  publicly  as  possible. 
He  went  several  times  to  the  re- 
sidence of  the  embassy  in  Queen 
Anne-street,  and  accosted  hLn  at 
various  other  places  thcei^ning 
to  horsewhip  or  cudgel  him ;  and 
another  mode  rf  annoyance,  whic^ 
he  adopted,  was,  to  make  the 
prince  the  subject  of  a  caricatuw, 
which  was  exhibited  in  the  window 
of  a  well-known  shop  in  Pioea- 
diiUy.    At  length,  he  went  so  f 


as  to  threaten  to  Worn  out  tho 
brains  of  |^oe  Paul,  who  thcro- 
upon  made  complaint  to  his  majes- 
ty's ministen.  The  consequence 
was,  that  Monsieur  de  Betteca 
was  visited  one  day  last  week  at 
his  hotel,  ihe  Prince  of  Waks,  in 
Leicester-plaa^  by  an  officer,  who 
conveyed  him  before  the  privy 
council,  at  WhitehidL  He  was 
there  examined,  and  then  com- 
mitted to  the  House  of  Corvection, 
Coldbath-fields,  until  he  could 
find  sureties  to  keep  the  paaee, 
with  an  order  also  that  he  umM 

S've  forty-eight  hours'  notise  of 
il.  To-day  he  gave  Botiee  of 
bail,  and  was  conveyed  to  a  pdywd- 
office,  to  enter  into  the  proper  r^ 
cognisances;  but  the  penons, 
whom  he  had  named,  did  not 
come  forward,  and  he  vras  re- 
manded bade  to  prison. 

Bbqubmts  to  the  Natson^-*^ 
There  has  been  published,  by 
carder  of  the  Hoose  of  Commons, 
an  account  of  the  sums  of  money, 
sdven  or  bequeathed  by  indivi- 
duals towards  the  reduction  of 
ihe  nationsl  debt,  up  to  the  5th 
of  January,  1828.  llie  foUowins^ 
is  a  list  of  these  donations  and 


i  Burgis,  1st  August,  1 809, 
^OOL  8  per  cents. 

Admiral  Peter  Rainier,  1st 
February,  1810,  ll,488t  18«., 
and  on  the  5th  April,  18ig,  187^ 
99*  8d. 

Anna  Maria  Reynolds,  1st  May, 
18l€,  lin  stock  of  various  descrip- 
tions, to  the  amount  of  35jS9oL 
7'.  id.  sterling. 

Anonymous,  1st  May,  1816, 
lOU-Ditto,  5th  July,  1818,  SL^ 
Ditto,  5th  April,  1882,  800^ 

Ridiard  Qiiarlermain,5th  April, 
1822,  100^ 

M^or  Thomas  GamUe,  5th 
July,  1822,  14^00/L  navy  Qva 
per  cents. 


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The  tdtal  imouiit  in  money  u 
mfiA6L  14#.  Id.;  and  the  estU 
«wted  ttnount  of  three  per  cent 
centolMiitied  tmnuitieB^  which  the 
above  donatiotu  and  heqilestb 
would  amount  to^  on  the  5th  of 
April,  182^,  if  the  whole  sum 
•faiid  been  irested  in  those  annuities, 
is  187M»1' 

7.  A  sjdendid  entertaindient  to 
•the  l^anuh  and  Portuguese  am^ 
.haasadon  was  this  day  given  al 
the  eity  of  London  Tavern.  The 
nMit'  distinguished  members  of 
hath  Houses  of  Parliament^  and 
the  most  eminent  persons  of  the 
eemmertial  and  mcmied  intere^, 
^Ued  the  room.  Upwards  of  400 
persons  of  rank  and  respectability 
were  there.  Lord  William  BentandL 
was  in  the  ohair,  and  on  his  right 
sat  the  duke  of  Sussex^  the  duke 
de  San  Lorenso,  suppcnrted  by  the 
amhassikdors  of  Spidn  and  Portu- 
gal, he  ito* 

FnXHOte  ALSXANDfiR  HoBBK^ 

umm^^^Dt.  Badeley,  ^'otestant 
physieiaft  to  the  oonvent  of  New 
Hall>  near  Chelmsford,  has  pub^ 
lished  ''An  Authentic  Narrative 
of  the  Plurticulafs  of  a  miracu- 
loss  cure  of  one  of  the  nuns."  The 
patient,  aged  30,  was  suddenly 
uttadked  od  the  7th  of  December, 
1S20,  widiout  any  apparent  eanse, 
with  ft  pain  in  the  right  thumb, 
which  rapidly  increased,  and  was 
suooeeded  by  a  swelling  of  the 
whole  hand  and  lower  arm.  The 
«wdling^  becoming  red  and  painful, 
the  advice  of  ^.  Barlow^  a  re- 
spectable surgeon  of  Chehnsfctfd, 
was  taken ;  under  whoae  directions 
the  usual  remedies  of  leeching, 
Uistering,  fomendmg,  poulticing, 
and  embrocating,  were  employeo. 
After  giving  these  various  modes 
of  treatment  a  trial,  Mr.  Barlow, 
supposing  matter  had  formed  jiear 
4he  botiei  made  an  incision  in  the 


ball  of  the  ^mnb,  but  no  msttsr 
escapii%,  he  recommmided  furtte 
advioe  to  betaken,  and  Mr.Csrpue, 
of  London,  was  accordingly  callsd 
in^  who,  after  inqpeoting  the  pari, 
enlarged  the   indsion,  suppofiiag 
that  mattCT  would  Mow;  but 
none  appeared.    After  the  ejcpirfr- 
timi  of  a  week,  another  inosioii 
was  made  on  the  baek  of  the  (bt^* 
&iger,  with  the  view  of  aObidiiig 
vent  for  ma^tter ;  but  nothing  eir 
cept  blood  escaped.     The  surgeom, 
bemg  evidently  a  little  embsimnd, 
and  desirous  to  get  rid  of  the  le- 
sponsibility  of  £e  ease,  dedired, 
as  is  conmion  in  such  cases,  thst 
the  constitution  was  in  fault  Tbe 
assistance  of  Dr*  Badeley  was,  in 
oonsequenee,  resorted  to;  who  pre* 
scribed  mercury,  with  oth^  medi- 
cines, to  correct  the  consdtutimi, 
while  mercuriil  ftiotion  was  applifld 
to*  the  afieoted  arm.     This  was 
oontkmed,  till  thenun  was  salivatei 
The  swelling  of  the  arm,  whSe 
the  ^rstem  was  under  the  infiueaoe 
of  mercury,  nearly  subsided,  sad 
in  this  state  it  contiiiiied  msiif 
^ys.    The  disease,  however,  wotm 
continued  to  advance,  ^  it  '^  was 
as  bad  as  ever,^  notwithstaadiiig 
£hw    Baddey    had    succeeded   in 
^'r^-estaUishing  per^tly  htf  ^ 
neral  health,  and  motwitiiitandnig 
every  thing  had  been  done  whicb 
the  Londcm  and  the  oountiy  sur« 
geon    oould    suggest    during   16 
months." 

Mrs.  Gerard,  the  superior  of  the 
convent,  supposing  that  the  diaesse 
could  not  be  cured  by  any  human 
means,  v^rote  to  prince  Hohenlobe, 
of  Bamberg,  who  is,  hy  some  Ge^ 
man  enthusiasts^  considered  to  ke 
peculiarly  favoured  by  the  Al- 
n^hty,  to  solicit  his  mUiftumee 
wiui  ^e  Disposer  of  nil  events,  in 
behalf  of  the  afflicted  nun. 

To  Mrs.  GerariA's    letter,,  thr 


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7» 


prince  returned  llie  £allpwing  an- 
swer:— 

"  To  the  reli^us  Nun  in  Eng- 
land^— On  the  3rd  oC  May,  at 
eight  o'clock,  I  wiB  offer,  in  eom- 
pliance  with  your  request,  my 
prayers  for  your  recovery*  Having 
made  your  confessionj  aad  com* 
«innicated>  offer  up  yoiir  own  alaoj 
with  that  fervency  of  de^odanand 
entire  ftdth  which  we  owe  to  our 
Redeemer  Jee^s  Christ.  Stir  up 
from  the  hottom  of  your  heart  the 
divine  virtues  of  tnie  repentance, 
of  Christian  eharity  to  all  men,  of 
firm  helief  that  your  prayers  will 
be  &vourably  received*  and  a 
steadfast  resolution  to  lead  an  ex- 
emi^ary  life,  to  the  end  that  you 
9ay  continue  in  a  sta^  of  graee.-^ 
Aeeept  the  assurance  of  my  regard. 

*'  PmmOB  A.  HOHBNIiOHB. 

«« Bamberg,  Mmh  16,  IBS^/' 

On  the  Sod  of  May  last.  Dr. 
Badeley,  heing  at  New  HaU,  esc- 
amined  the  arocted  hand  and  arm 
of  the  mm,  whidi,  he  says,  he 
''found  as  mueh  swollen,  and  aa 
bad  as  he  had  ever  seen  them;" 
hot  he  admits,  that  her  ffenezal 
health  was  good,  so  that  the  dia* 
ease  was  looaL  The  fingers  were 
enormously  enlarged,  and  the  wrist 
was  fifteen  inches  in  dreimifereBoe. 
Neidier  the  doctor,  nor  the  Londcm 
or  country  surgeon,  ventured  to 
sjnre  ^le  swelling  a  name.  The 
Allowing  day,  viz.,  the  Srd  of 
May  (a  day  particularly  observed  by 
Ca^lica5,  the  afflicted  nvn  went 
thaough  Inerdigioiiapvocessywhiidi 
tlie  prince  had  prescnfaed..  Man 
being  neioly  ended.  Miss  OConnor, ' 
the  ^tient,  not  finding  i^te  imn 
mediate  xelief  she  expected,  eat* 
daimed,  ''Thy  will  be  done,  O 
Lord !  thou  hast  net  thought  me 
worthy  of  this  oure."  Almost 
immediately  after,  she  felt  an  ex- 
tnundinary  sensation  through  the 


w4ude  ann»  to  the  ends  of  Ihkd 
fingera.  The  pain  instantly  left 
her,  and  the  swel&g  graduatty 
Ailnided;  but  it  was  snne  we^ 
before  the  hand  resumed  its  nativ* 
ml  ase  and  shape.  Now,  aqra 
I>r.  Badefey>  I  can  perceive  ma 
diAareaee  finnn  the  other; 

Dc  Badeley  left  the  paldetit^  as 
4ie  Sid  ef  May,  ftee  som  pain ; 
and  on  visiting  the  eohveat  on  tfa» 
11th  of  May,  he  was  astonished  tai 
find  her  capable  of  moving  her 
finflers  without  pain,  and,  ooimU 
deiang  the  degpee  of  swellings 
with  considarable  activity;  the 
haad  and  arm  having  hithertabeBB 
immovable,  aad  constantly  aa^a^ 
ported  ia  a  sliitt;  The  doctor  in^i 
mediately  exdidmed  (net  knownig 
that  appUcatnn  had  been  made  to 
the  oeleibrated  prinoe  of  healing 
power),  "What  have  yea  ban 
doii^?"  "Nodnng,  I  declare^' 
rq[>lied  ^  nun,  "eaeaptfolknvittg 
the  instruction  of  prinoe  Hohen* 
lohe^"  Befeie  the  doctor  lefit  the 
Qonvent,  she  wrote,  with  thr  imm^ 
footed  hand,  a  letter  to  Mb.  CaiFpua, 
to  ^piise  him  c£  the  woniarftd 
diaiige  ^bathed taken  plaoe,  and 
the  means  by  whioh  it  had  haen 
eftcted;  but  whedier  Mr.  Caxpue 
aaecibed  it  to  Divine  inteipasitiien, 
^e  doctor  has  neglected  to  stateL 

Another  Mwack.^Thm  last 
number  of  a  pertodieal  work,  cdlad 
the  NouvdUa  Tusculanes,  puUidi»« 
ed  in  Paris,  eontaina  the  f^imlig 
account  of  another  pretended  mira^ 
cukos  eore,  parfonned  by  poiiae 
Hohen]ohe'.->*^Twehpe  witnesn,'* 
says  the  Journalist,  "  whom  me 
know  to  ba-inoq^ble  of  ftdmiioDd, 
aad  whe  ate  by  nomeans  ovedakaia 
thcmaeltMB,  vonchfiirthefoHowiii^ 
minculooa  cure,  which  hag  bean 
made  public  by  order  of  Ae  aaerii* 
bidiop  of  Toulouse,  oardiaal  da 
denmmt  ToBnene,  an  pivciitiga* 


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ANNUAL   REGISTER. 


[182S.' 


tloa  of  which  left  no  douht  upon 
the  mind  of  his  eminence: — On 
the  £nd  of  Septemher,  1821,  Ade- 
laide Veyaty  a  nun  of  the  order  of 
St.  Benoit^  at  Toulouse^  who  had 
aaramed  the  name  of  Sister  Gotilda, 
reoeiTed  a  violent  hlow  on  the  leg, 
which  had  soon  so  severe  an  eflfect 
upon  the  STStem,  that  her  limbs 
became  cold,  and  she  was  inoqpable 
of  motion.  The  foot  eren  turned^ 
and  the  most  eminent  physicians 
and  surgeons  of  Toulouse. declared 
her  case  hopeless.  The  cardinal 
▼ilitedthis  joung  nun^  who  was 
<mly  23  3rears  of  age^  several  times, 
for  the  purpose  of  offering  her 
consolation.  She  fiequentty  ex- 
pressed a  ffreat  desire  to  write  to 
pxinoe Hohenk^ ;  andaftermuch 
adlidtationy  the  cardinal  acceded  to 
her  request^  and  even  indited  the 
letter  to  the  prince,  which  was 
dated  May  22,  1622.  The  prince 
returned  an  answer,  and  fixed  the 
S5th  of  July,  the^i^  of  St.  James, 
the  patron  of  the  monks,  to  offer  up 
his  pravers  in  her  favour.  The 
caidmal  also  celebrated  mass  on 
the  same  day  in  the  chamber  of 
the  nun,  who  gradually  recovered 
as  that  sacred  ceremony  proceeded. 
When  the  Host  was  raised,  her 
foot  returned  to  its  natural  position, 
and  she  was  aUe,  without  the 
least  pain,  to  leave  her  bed  and 
partake  of  the  sacrament !  She  is 
now  perfectly  recovered." 

11.  Stookholm.  — The  State 
Gazette  of  yesterday  contains  the 
following  notioe:  —  "Am  ficti^ 
tioiisoK£r8,  with  the  forged  sig- 
nature of  major-meral  Hol^ 
have  been  sent  with  most  criminal  • 
intentions  to  his  nugesty's  com- 
manders in  Gefle,  Huhnstad,  Her- 
nosand,  and  Christianstad,  and 
letters  containing  them  were  put 
into  the  general  post-office  in  this 
city;  every  one,  who  can  point  out 


the  person  or  persons  who  put 
these  letters  in  the  post,  is  hereby 
called  upon  to  ^ve  notioe  to  the 
chief  governor,  or  to  the  chancellor 
of  justice.  The  honour  of  the 
naUon,  the  sacrecbiess  of  ihe  laws, 
and  the  general  safoty,  are  ind- 
mately  connected  widi  it.  He, 
therefore,  who  can  point  out  Uie 
author  o£  these  lettm,  and  ^fe 
1^  proof  of  the  truth  of  his 
statements,  shall  receive  a  reward 
of  10,000  dollars  banco.  The 
letters  in  question  were  put  into 
the  seneral  post-office  in  this  city 
on  the  27th  and  28th  of  Febmaiy, 
were  sealed  with  a  wafer,  and  were 
directed,  in  the  Norw^ian  Isn- 
guage  —  '  To  the  Royal  Com- 
manders,' &C.  &c.  By  his  majesty's 
command,  D.  Edblcrxutk* 

G.  E.  LoDi. 
"  Office  of  the  Chief  Go  vernor.'* 
The  letters,  to  which  the  officisl 
notice  refers,   were    intended  to 

read  throughout  all  Sweden,  spd 
t  by  means  of  the  authorities 
themselves,  an  announcement  cf 
the  approadiing  assassination  of 
the  king  and  of  the  whole  royd 
family.    * 

12.  Lincoln  Absisbs. — Wil- 
liam Arden,  gent,  of  Pulteney- 
street,  London,  Benjamin  CbaS' 
deler,  late  butler  to  the  duke 
of  Newcastle,  and  John  IXm^ty, 
carpenter,  at  Grantham,  were  w?* 
raigned  before  Mr.  Justice  Pfft 
on   the  oath  of  Heniy 


jtt,  apprentice  to  a  Knen- 
draper  at  Urantham,  with  in 
oflfence  revdting  to  human  natore. 
The  trial  lasted  from  8  in  the 
morning  till  8  in  the  evoiinff,  when 
the  prisoners  were  oonvictedon:^ 
dearest  evidence.  The  learned 
judge  passed  sentence  of  death  iv 
all  the  ofienders. 

NbW  CrBATION  OP  CABDIltAUi- 

— The  DMrrio  lb*  Aoma  of  this  dal^ 


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mcationi  iba  additkm  of  twdrv 
CanJimJn  to  the  lacnd  college:— 
Tliey  are,  1.  FraiuaB  BertufoU, 
biihopof  EdoHu  8.  JohnFiancu 
Falmaq^paybUhopof  Anoona.  8. 
Antonio  Pallotta,  auditor-general 
of  the  lacred  chamber.  4.  Fnncia 
Leilupi,  auditor  of  the  sacred  rota. 
5.  Charies  Maria  Pedidoi,  lecre- 
taiy  of  the  propaganda.  6.  Louii 
Pandolf ^  secretary  of  the  consulta. 
7«  Fabricius  Turrioiai,  assessor  of 
the  holj  and  uniTersal  inquisition. 
8.  Herailes  Dandini,  bishop  of 
Osimo  and  CingolL  9.  Charles 
Odelaschi,  auditor  of  his  holiness 
snd  archbiahop  of  Ferran.  10. 
Antonio  Frosmi,  prefect  of  the 
lacred  palaces  and  m^or-domo  of 
his  hohness.  H.  Thomas  Biano 
Sfinaa,  master  of  the  chamber  to 
his  holiness.  '12.  ViTiaoo  Orfini, 
deacon  of  the  saoed  chamber. 

The  above  list  is  endxely  com- 
posed of  Italians;  the  most  of 
diem  make  part  of  the  hous^old  of 
thepopoy  are  empbjred  in  Rome  in 
diffinent  offices  of  the  government. 
13.  CHBUfSFORD^— Fdix  Rey- 
aoHs  was  indicted  for  violating  ihe 
penon  of  Mary  Totham,  spinster, 
St  Harwich,  on  the  S6th  of 
February;  and  Timothy  QuiUiean; 
Francis  Fitspatrick,  and  S6bn 
Botcher  were  indicted  as  aoces- 
lories  to  the  same  fact 

The  priioners,  all  of  whom  were 
ander  Uie  age  of  £3,  were  privates 
in  the  58th  regiment,  quartered  at 
Harwich.  The  {nroseoutiiz,  a  girl 
^  18,  of  pr^^oaessing  i^>pearance, 
WIS  Krvant  in  the  family  of  Mr. 
Stewart,  a  pflot,  at  Harwich.  A 
yoimg  seaman  named  Finch  was 
piling  his  addresses  to  her,  with 
the  i^iprobation  of  her  friends.  In 
the  evening  of  the  86th  of  Fe- 
hmary,  she  was  walking  with  her 
brer  on  the  esplanade,  at  Haxw 
^"Wi,  when  they  were  aik»Bted  by 


the  prisonen,  two  of  whom  laid 
hold  of  her  and  hurried  hei;  off  to- 
wards the  barra^  leaving  the 
others  to  secure  Finch,  who,  nearw 
ing  her  dbriddw  for  help,  strug- 
g^  to  fbflow  his  sweetheart,  and 
protect  her  from  violence;  but 
findmg  his  eSxrts  unavailing,  he 
retiumed  to  die  town  to  procure 
assistance.  In  the  mean  time,  die 
mdttppy  girl  was  forced  to  a  hoUow 
place  near  the  barracks,  and  in 
q^te  of  her  effinrts,  was  forcibly 
violated  by  aS  die  prisoners,  who 
sueoessively  acoomididied  their 
diabolical  purpose.  The  prosecu- 
trix wpcke  vrith  certainty  as  to  the 
identity  of  the  prisoner  Be3molds, 
and  other  evidence  was  adduced  to 
show,  that  the  remaining  prisoners 
had  been  absent  from  barracks  at 
the  time  the  trsnsactum  tookj^ace, 
and  shortly  afterwards  returned 
and  hurried  to  bed.  Nodoubtwaa 
entertained  of  their  identity.  The 
case  in  its  details  excited  universal 
hotnr*  The  unhsEppy  prosecutrix 
was  deeply  aflEected,  uid  her  situa* 
tion  produced  general  sympathy. 
The  prisoners  (who  were  defended 
by  Mr.  Jessop)  said  nothing. 

Mr.  Banm  Graham  having  sum- 
med up  the  evidence, 

Tfa«  jury  immediately  found -die 
prisoners  Ouihy—Deadi. 

14.  Staffobd — Sir  Oeante  Jet'* 
nmgkam,bart.  v.  BeecA.^— Tniswas 
an  action  of  trover  by  sir  George 
Jeminfffaam,  die  proprietor  of 
StaffixS-caalle,  and  of  large  estates 
in  its  vicinity,  against  diedefendant, 
a  timber-merdniit,  in  die  borou^ 
of  Stafod,  to  recover  die  value  of 
an  adi  tree  and  two  alders,  his  pro- 
V  wUdi  had  been'  wrongs 
converted  to  die  defbndanfa 


jerty^ 
foUy 


In  December  last,  a  person^ 
calling  himsdf  die  hon.  JaiOes 
Stamps  Sutton  Cooke,   arrived  in 


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tmi. 


fkaSaO,  and,  cmbthitf  of  U»lnoN 
ther,  Uj  wliom  he  taam  tbe  Istle  of 
loBd  Stflffiad,  kdl  diun  to  th» 
MtaOss,'  of  ndiidi  w  Gaocge  Jce^ 
id  kk  predeasflon  ]urf» 
ID  powoMioii  far  man  than 
a  oentuij.  Hefocn  interetlad  i^ 
nombet  of  the  populace  in  hit 
canaa  hf  the  boUnew  of  his  mm^ 
•uiesand  die  Hberalily  of  his  pro* 
unset.  He  appointed  gamelffiepera 
to  tiie  manor  of  Forebind^  in 
whidi  Stafibrd-caftle  is  situate, 
and  by  a  manceurre  obtained  a  few 
hours  possession  of  the  oastle  itself, 
whidi  is  usually  open  to  the  in- 
i^ection  of  the  curious.  Notices 
were  issued  to  die  tenants  of  sir 
Geoige  Jaming^iain,  requiring 
them  to  pay  dseir  renta  only  to 
Mr.  Cooke,  the  authoriaed  agent  of 
hkbfother,  and  threatening  diem 
with  distresses,  in  case  diey  should 
NfuBe  to  comply^  In  order  to  in* 
duce  them  to  attorn  to  die  new 
bhomant,  leases  were  offered  them 
at  low  rents,  on  the  payment  of  a 
piemium,  and  a  day  appointed  to 
maekve  ^  oants  in  amar,  half  of 
#hidi  only  were  requited  in  con- 
sequence of  die  pressure  of  the 
diaea.  On  diese  xepeesentations, 
some  of  the  tenants  actually  made 
payments,  and  reoeiptB  weoe  given 
them  for  the  sums.  In  the  mean 
dme»  llh*.  Cooke  proceeded  to  em- 
ploy men  to  fell  timber  on  several 
parts  of  die  domain,  which  diey 
aid,  attended  by  a  rabble,  and,  in 
die  whole,  felled  between  70  and 
90  trees.  Alduragh  a  handOnU 
wv  issued,  and  served  on  all 
tfattber*dealers  in  Staflfoid,  not  to 
purchase  any  of  these  trees,  the 
defendant  and  others  beoame  pos- 
aessed  ef  same  of  them,  and  obMi- 
nately  detained  them  from  the 
owner. 

The  defendant  in  this  action 
was  one  ef  the  persons  who  were 


if 


draadeluded.  It  waapwvsdrthil 
two  gidea-treea  and  one  ash-tiet, 
cut  en  die  lands  of  sir  George 
Jennnghaan  on  die  1 4dk  of  Jaamiy 
in  this  year,  weie  donvcffrad  to  lis 
pramises^  aid  that  he  vefuaid  to 
deliicr  them-  op  vdien  dsaBgwiVi 
by  die  agcnta  of  sir  Georaa  Ji»« 
ningham.  The  value  of  the  tnes 
was  prcvred  to  be  Si  Ifif. 

The  Judge,  in  hss  dmge  to  the 
jury,  eiqpfeHed  his  strong  lepo- 
bation  ef  these  proeeediagji.  To 
try  a  daim  of  rig^,  it  would  bf 
enoueh  to  cut  a  twig  or  take  owmt 
adod  of  earth;  and  thercfiate  this 
system  of  depredsden  and  vkieacc 
was  entirely  without  excuse.  Ike 
only  doubt  in  die  case  was,  whodMr 
die  conduct  of  the  defendant  did 
not  amount  to  £dony:  todiispobt 
the  evidence  did  not  quite  cook, 
but  it  was  extfem^  near  it  ^ 
trees  were  wroogfelly  severed  tne 
day,  without  a  shadow  of  excuse, 
and  taken  away  the  ns9^  the  per* 
ties  who  Isnt  diensaelves  to  ludia 
taking  would  have  te  annver  si 
felons  in  anodier  emurt. 

The  Jury  found  a  verdislfer  tlir 

plaintxdt-Xlamages  tL  Us. 

Chambeb  op  D»finnPB.-^ 
SiOiMff  of  March  lii*-^.  de  Fit- 
nilly  denounced  the  ibUowing  ex- 
tract frem  die  Journal  du  Co*- 
m^rce  of  the  11th  inst.  }«*- 

**  The  um  of  die  duaaber  of 
deputies,  now  become  the  feitkfiii 
organ  of  the  council,  will  only  be 
die  rauKmstfve  oracle  of  the  mini** 
tor's  pleasure  What  a  speds* 
do  die  public  sitdngs  of  the  hf^ 
lation  cxhilnt !  the  sorrow  » 
shame  of  Fmnce.  WkM  vodd 
be  the  linit  to  taaes^  when  voipd 
by  dioie  onfy  who  dariee  bm 
diem  salaries  and  penskns^ 
die  msdntenanea  or  dii 
weee  abandoned  0  those  who  «>- 
obdm  andnst  it  as  odious,  and  wo* 


IT 


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3» 


repioaeh  it  wiUi  ha^ng  oonafr- 
tratad  usurnitioiiB,  who  could  have 
at  onoe  turn  in  iti  doiatum^  ttid 
in  the  aeemity  of  the  domains, 
which  it  has  especially  guaran- 
teed? 

*'  Finallj,  the  doctrine  on  which 
die  expulsion  of  M.  Manuel  is 
gnmnded,  tends  to  destroy  the 
rights  consecrated  by  the  charter, 
am  consequendy  the  moral  ohli- 

r'  m  of  suhjects.  It  infringea 
privilefles  of  die  chamher  of 
peers  as  wdl  as  the  prerogatives  of 
die  Crown ;  it  ruins  puUic  liberty, 
and  consequently  the  monarchy. 
It  would  dierefare  be  of  ursent 
necessity  to  dissolye  a  chanuier, 
whaeh  pttrsoes  sudi  a  career,  and 
to  renounce  electoral  combinations, 
whioh  have  produced  such  a  cham« 
ben 

'<  Such  a  text,"  continued  M.  de 
Fradlly, ''quires  no  comment  I 
now  submit  to  the  chamber,  that 
dns  Hbellous  extract  incurs  the 
penalties  of  the  I5di  article  of 
die  law  of  die  25th  of  March, 
▼ix. :  —  '  An  ofience  against  the 
chamber  may,  on  being  denounced 
by  one  of  its  meml^rs,  be  in- 
deed before  die  ordinary  tri- 
bunals: or  the  accused  may  be 
summoned  to  the  bar:  in  which 
ktter  case,  if  die  offender,  after 
having  been  heard  in  defence, 
thonlabe  adjudged  guilty,  die  as- 
sembly shall  forthwith  ordain  the 
hiffictio9i.of  die  enacted  penalty.' 
Kdier  W  dMse  courses  of  proceeds 
log  being  at  the  option  of  the 
diamber,  I  demand  #  that  the 
dbmber  authorise  the  indictment 
of  the  editors  i^id  proprietors  of 
tte  Joomal  in  quesiMm  before  the 
MmBab." 

M.  de  la  Bonrdonnaye  expressed 
his  e^nmon,  that  the  chamber,  by 


_      J  the  course  of  citing  the 
oftading  parties  before  the  ordi- 
VoL.  LXV. 


nary  tribunals,  would  prejudge  the 
question. 

Thehon.memberwascaIled  upon 
to  move  an  amendment,  but  he 
declined. 

The  president  read  the  15th  ar- 
dde  of  the  law  of  the  25th  of 
March.  When  he  came  to  the 
words  "  shall  be  summoned  to  the 
bar,"  several  voices  on  the  right 
cried,  '*  Summon  them  to  the  bar! 
Summon  them  to  the  bar !" 

M.  Andr6  d'Aubi^res  expatiated 
upon  the  insolent  invectives,  which 
luid  been  levelled  asainst  the  ma- 
jority of  the  chamber  by  certain 
journals,  who  were  the  organs  of  an 
opposition  which  had  voluntarily 
absented  itself.  They  (die  right 
side)  had  been  held  up  to  public 
hatred  as  enemies  of  the  charter, 
and  as  partisans  of  absolute  power. 
He  (M.  Andr^  d' Aubidres)  demand- 
ed, who  were  the  greatest  enemies 
of  liberty,  they  who  violated  the 
charter  by  not  fulfilling  their  duty 
towards  dieir  constituents,  or  they 
who  discharged  their  duty  as  faith- 
ful depudes  ?  Who  were  the  par- 
tisans of  absolute  power,  a  consti- 
tudonal  majority  who  defended  the 
preroffadves  of  the  chamber,  or  a 
minonty  evidenUy  unjust,  since 
they  place  themselves  in  revolt 
against  the  very  principle  of  law, 
which  recognizes  that  the  mafority 
decides.  He  concluded  by  voting 
for  summoning  the  ofieoders  to 
the  bar. 

The  keeper  of  the  seals  consi- 
dered, that  an  indictment  before 
the  ordinary  tribunals  would  be 
preferaUe,  as  the  most  impartial 
course  of  proceeding;  inasmuch  as 
the  chamber  would  not  be  a  judge 
in  its  own  cause. 

Several  other  members  briefly 

addressed  ^  assembly.    M.^  Ba- 

sire  dwdt  upon  the  inconvenience 

6f  fnich  a  proceeding,  at  a  time  when 

D 


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[18£S. 


the  chamber  was  deprived  of  the 
presence  of  a  great  number  of  its 
members. 

A  voice  on  the  right — ^^  Give 
yourself  no  uneasiness;  the  gen- 
tlemen of  the  left  side  will  return^ 
to  be  present  at  the  proceedings 
against  the  offenders." 

The  assembly  decided,  by  a 
strong  maj(mty>  that  the  editor  of 
the  Journal  du  Commerce  should 
be  indicted  before  the  ordinary 
tribunals,  for  the  publication  of 
the  article  above  extracted. 

East  India  College.  —  The 
followii\g  is  the  bishop  of  London's 
decision  on  an  app^  lately  pre- 
sented to  him:—* 

*'The  bish(^  of  London,  ap- 
pointed visitor  of  the  East  India 
college  by  the  statutes  thereof];  has 
received  the  appeals  of  Flint, 
Lawrell,  Rowley,  Taylor,  and 
Watts,  late  students  of  the  said 
college,  complaining  of  sentences 
of  expulsion  therefrom,  pronounced 
affains^  them  by  the  ooUege  coun- 
cil. He  has  lUcewise  received  the 
answers  of  the  college  ooundl  Jo 
the  said  s^[^)eal8  and  complaints, 
and  also  the  relies  of  the  appel- 
lants to  the  said  answers. 

^'  Having  duly  weighed  and 
considered  these  several  documents, 
the  visitor  finds  himself  compelled 
to  declare  his  conviction,  founded 
in  no  small  degree  upon  the  ad- 
missions of  the  appellants  them- 
selves, that  they  have  all  of  them 
been  parties  to  a  conspiracy,  ori- 
ginating in  the  most  erroneous  and 
unwarrantable  notions  respecting 
their  own  relative  situations  in 
the-coUege,  and  pursued  by  a  series 
of  gross  uid  contumelious  outrages, 
committed  against  the  governing 
members  of  the  society,  for  the 
express  purposes  of  annoyaaee  and 
intimidation. 

^*  The  visitor,  attending  to  the 


general  natui^  c^T  the  intftitutm, 
and  likewise  to  the  particular  bo^ 
of  statute;^  under  ^  authority 
and  observance  of  which  it  is  to  l^ 
conducted,  pnmeunees  his  iiidg- 
ment,  that  the  several  appelknts 
have,  by  a  course  of  mtMnduct 
totally  inoon$i8te&t  with  all  acado- 
nncal  discipline  imd  subordiiiatkm, 
and  utterly  subvernve  thereof, 
justly  incumd  the  penalty  of  ex- 
pulsion; and  he  tl^refore  affirms 
the  sentences  pronounced  to  that 
e£fect  by  the  principal  and  profes- 
sors. 

''  He  directs  the  coll^  counefl 
to  insert  a  copy  of  this  his  deo^ 
in  their  proper  r^istry. 

(Signed)  *' W.  London,  \riator. 
''  Attested  by  me, 
(Signed)      ''  Christ.  HoniaeoK, 

Notary  Public 
«  London-hoiise,  March  18, 182S." 

Covent-Gardbn  T^atiou— 
A  new  tragedy,  entitled  JuUm, 
was  perfom^:  it  is  from  the  pen 
oi  Miss  Mitford,  who  is  already 
known  to  the  literary  world  as  il» 
authoress  of  some  poems.  The 
scene  is  laid  in  Sioly,  and  the 
action  of  the  tragedy  arises  from 
Ae  virtuous  opposition  of  Prince 
Julian  to  the  ambitious  designs  of 
his  father,  the  Duke  of  Melfi. 
The  latter,  who  is  uncle  to  Alkioao, 
the  rightful  heir  of  the  ^dliaa 
crown,  is,  on  the  demise  of  the 
prince's  father,  constituted  regent 
of  the  kingdom,  and  guardian  of 
the  young  monarch.  Under  the 
pretence  m  conducting  the  P™* 
to  Mesflina,  where  it  is  propoflcd 
that  his  coronation  shall  take  idaoe, 
Melfi  inveigles  him  into  a  sditaiy 
pass  in  the  mountains,  where  ha 
attempts  to  murder  hia  Idnfflwn 
and  his  sovereign.  At  this  crisis 
Prince  Julian,  who  had  riddw 
fiom  Messina  to  meet  the  caval- 


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35 


eade^  is  attxactecl  to  the  spot  l^ 
the  cries  of  Alfonso ;  he  interposes 
nt  the  nloment  when  Melfi  is  on 
ilie  point  of  slaying  the  youthful 
nng;  and>  ere  he  nas  had  an  op- 
Jwrtunity  of  seeing  the  face  of  the 
traitor,  whose  arm  is  uplifW 
against  his  sovereign,  he  plunses 
bis  sword  into  the  side  of  his 
fitther,  whom  he  recognises  as  he 
is  sinking  to  the  earth.  He  im- 
mediately flies  from  the  scene  of 
blood,  accompanied  by  Alfonso, 
who  travels  with  him  in  the  dis- 
guise of  a  page.  The  dreadful 
reflection  that  he  has  slain  his 
parent  preys  on  the  sensitive  mind 
c^  Julian,  and  during  eight  days 
delirium  usurps  the  seat  of  reason. 
The  play  opens  with  his  recovery; 
and  one  of  its  best  and  most 
powerful  scenes  is  that  in  which 
bis  bride,  Annabel,  draws  from 
bim,  by  her  passionate  endear- 
mentli,  the  cause  of  his  strange  and 
sudden  malady.  Peace  revisits  his 
breast,  when  he  learns  that  he  has 
only  wounded,  not  destroyed  his 
fiEither:  but  his  happiness  vanishes, 
when  he  finds  that  his  father,  still 
obstinate  in  evil,  has  propagated  a 
report  of  the  death  of  Alfonso  by 
the  hand  of  an  assassin^  and  has 
assembled  the  barons  to  witness 
bis  coronation  as  next  heir  to  the 
crown.  Julian,  whose  loyalty  is 
iiiflezible,  vainly  endeavours,  in  an 
interview  with  his  father,  to  di»* 
suade  him  from  his  guilty  design* 
Tbe  unexpected  appearance  of  uie 
jonng  long,  whose  death  had  been 
so  confidently  reported,  excites  the 
suspicion  of  the  nobles.  One  of 
tbem.  Count  d'Alba,  who  has  re- 
ceive secret  intelligence  of  tbe 
attack  which  had  been  made  on 
Alfonso,  arrests  Melfi  on  a 
diarge  of  high  treason ;  and  calls 
on  Julian  to  bear  witness  against 
bis  father.     This  he  indignandy 


refuses;  and  he  declares,  that 
whatever  blood  was  spilt  when 
Alfonso  was  attacked,  was  shed  by 
his  hand.  Melfi,  when  arraigned, 
admits,  in  a  fit  of  frensy,  the  truth 
of  every  chargebrought  against  him. 
He  and  his  son  (whose  ambiguous 
declaration  is  looked  upon  as  a 
confession  of  guilt)  are  banish- 
ed. The  character  of  the  Count 
d'Alba  is  now  brought  prominently 
forward.  His  great  object  in  re- 
moving Melfi  and  Julian  from 
Sicily  was^  that  he  might  have  an 
opportunity  of  assailing  the  virtue 
ra  Annabel,  whom  he  had  long 
loved.  He  contrives  to  have  her 
inveigled  to  his  castle,  where  he 
urges  his  suit,  but  is  indignantly 
^umed.  Julian,  while  weeping 
over  the  dead  body  of  his  father, 
whose  mental  conflict  has  caused 
his  wound  to  burst  forth  afresh, 
and  thus  occasioned  his  dissolution, 
is  informed  of  the  perilous  ritua- 
don  of  his  wife.  He  hastens  to 
ier  place  of  confinement,  gains 
admission,  and  tells  her  that  bis 
life  is  forfeited,  the  hour,  at  which 
hie  should  have  quitted  Sicily,  hav- 
ing elapsed.  There  is,  he  observes, 
but  one  way  in  which  she  can 
escape  dishonour,  and  he  prepares 
to  loll  her.  His  resolution  feShi : 
but,  while  he  is  yet  parleying. 
Count  d'Alba  enters  with  a  num- 
ber of  soldiers.  Annabel  rushes 
fiorward  to  protect  her  husband, 
and  recaves  a  fatal  wound.  The 
assassins  quit  the  prison;  and 
Julian,  having  thrown  his  cloak 
over  the  dead  body  of  his  wife, 
covers  himself  with  a  garment 
which  one  of  the  murderers  bad 
left  behind  him.  D'Alba,  ignorant 
of  Annabel's  death,  and  exulting 
in  the  supposed  success  of  bS 
scheme,  returns  to  the  prison.  He 
mistakes  Julian  for  one  of  his 
followers;  passionately  demands 
D  S 


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ANJIUAL    REGISTER.        ixm. 


ofllim:  where  Annabel  has  retired, 
and  is  appalled>  when,  after  an 
ambiguous  conversation,  Julian 
throws  aside  his  disguise,  and  at 
the  same  moment,  snatches  from 
the  lifeless  body  of  his  wife  the 
cloak  under  which  it  had  been 
shrouded.  D'Alba  is  consigned  to 
the  hands  of  justice,  and  Julian 
dies  in  delirium. — Such  is  the  plot' 
of  Miss  Mitford's  play,  in  the 
formation  of  which  more  attention 
has  been  paid  to  the  marvellous, 
to  striking  situations,  and  scenic 
effect,  than  is  exactly  consonant 
with  the  true  spirit  of  tragedy. 

20.  Mr.  Ravenga,  envoy  from 
the  republic  of  Colombia  to  this 
country,  was  arretted,  for  a  sum 
of  90,000^,  alleged  to  be  due  from 
that  flovemment,  at  the  suit  of 
Mackmtosh,  an  army  accoutre- 
ment-maker. 

Bank  Stock. — A  meeting  at 
the  Bank  of  England  took  pkce, 
when  a  proposition  by  the  direc- 
tors, quite  unexpected  by  the  pub- 
lic, for  reducing  the  half  yearly 
dividend  from  five  to  four  per  cent, 
^ve  rise  to  a  lengthened  discus- 
sion. On  a  division  ifor  the  old 
rate,  the  numbers  were  43;  for 
the  proposition  of  the  directors, 
reducing  the  interest  from  five  to 
four  per  cent,  62.  The  effect 
upon  Bank  of  England  stock  was 
excessive,  it  fell  from  2S6  to  210. 
Another  amendment  for  making 
the  half  yearly  dividend  4j  per 
cent,  was  also  negatived.  The 
half  yearly  dividend  was  therefore 
reduced  from  five  to  four  per  cent. 
Bank  stock  again  advanced  from 
210  to  215. 

21.  Parbigide — ^AttheEnnis- 
killen  Assizes,  John  Keys  was  in- 
dicted for  the  murder  of  James 
Keys,  his  father,  on  the  23rd  of 
April  1822,  at  Shane,  in  this 
coimty. 


The  first  witness  called  was  Ann 
Keys^ — Deceased  was  father,  and 
prisoner  is  brother,  of  witness; 
prisoner  and  deceased  went  out  on 
the  morning  of  the  23rd  of  April 
last  to  make  a  ditch ;  they  came 
home  and  dined  together  that  day; 
they  took  out  spades  with  them 
in  the  morning ;  deceased  did  not 
return  in  the  evening,  but  prisoner 
did,  and  had  two  spades  with  him; 
the  family  asked  prisoner,  where 
the  deceased  was ;  he  said  he  went 
a  little  above  the  house  to  look  for 
a  goat ;  prisoner  supped  with  the 
family  and  went  to  bed ;  thefBonily 
sat  up  later  than  usual,  waiting  for 
deceaised  to  come  in :  he  never  re- 
turned; family  became  alarmed 
the  day  before  the  body  of  deceased 
was  found ;  witness  told  prisoner 
the  day  b^ore,  that  there  would 
be  more  about  it ;  prisoner  replied, 
he  did  not  value  ner.  It  was  a 
little  distance  from  the  house 
where  the  body  was  found ;  could 
not  look  at  it;  prisoner  was  not 
present  at  finding  the  body ;  wit- 
ness has  another  brother  (Thomas), 
who  is  not  at  home,  and  had  not 
been  at  home  for  five  weeks  be- 
fore that;  witness  and  family 
were  afraid  to  make  a  noise  about 
the  murder,  lest  the  landlord 
should  come  and  distrain  for  the 
rent. 

John  Keys  examined. — Is  uncle 
of  the  prisoner,  and  was  brother 
of  deceased ;  recollects  the  time  of 
deceased  James  Keys's  absence; 
made  a  search  on  May-day;  went 
with  others  to  the  house  of  de- 
ceased at  sun-rise ;  the  door  was 
shut :  went  in  and  saw  Elifld^eth, 
witness's  niece ;  prisoner  came  out 
of  his  father's  house,  before  witoca 
went  to  search ;  prisoner  said,  he 
had  not  seen  deceased  for  eight 
days  before,  when  he  was  ditch- 
ing; prisoner  said,  deceased  went 


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37 


to  look  for  a  goaty  or  to  look  for 
the     prisoner's    brother    in    the 
army;    prisoner    came  out    with 
witness  and  his  party ;  witness  and 
two  others  were  present,  when  the 
body  was  found  in  a  mountain  in 
a  newly-made  ditch,   which  was 
about  eight  steps  long ;  there  was 
a  march  ditch  near  this,  but  it  had 
no  connexion  with  it ;  prisoner  at 
this  time  was  on  a  hm  in  view ; 
witness  brought  a  spade  from  the 
house  of  deceased,  and  began  to  dig 
down  the  ditch;  prisoner's  sister 
was  present;  witness  dug  down, 
and  on  the  rim  of  the  ground  got 
a  scraw,  under  which  he  discovered 
a  body  stark  naked;   it  was  his 
brother's  body ;  there  were  marks 
of  violence  between  the  head  and 
neck  as  of  blows.    As  soon  as  wit- 
ness discovered  the   body  of  de- 
ceased, he  pursued  prisoner,  who 
was  then  out  of  sight;   witness 
saw  prisoner  walking  by  a  lough 
in  company  with  another  person; 
when  witness   came  up,  prisoner 
jumped  into  the  lough  up  to  his 
shoulders,  and  said  he  would  drown 
himself;  he  would  not  come  out, 
and  said  to  witness  **  You  accuse 
me  of  killing  my  father;  I  will 
never    stand    on    green    ground 
again ;  no  one  shall  cast  up  to  me, 
that  I  killed  my  father."     Prisoner 
remained  upwards  of  two  hours  in 
the    louffh;    when    witness    and 
ihxMe  with  him  would  go  away, 
prisoner  would  come    out  to  the 
shore,  and  when  they  would  return 
he  would  go  in  again;  witness 
told  prisoner,  if  he  was  an  innocent 
man,  to  come  out  and  go  seek  after 
his  father,  and  that  he  (witness) 
would  pay  his  expenses;  prisoner 
b^an  to  make  his  will,  he  remain- 
ed in   the  lough   until  William 
Collum,  who  could  swim,  came  and 
fetched  him  out 
James  Gordon  sworn.— 'Knew 


deceased ;  was  at  the  place  where 
his  body  lay  about  an  hour  or  two 
after  it  was  found ;  remained  there 
nearly  two  hours;  prisoner  was 
there  all  the  time ;  it  was  about 
nine  o'clock  in  the  morning ;  went 
with  prisoner  to  captain  Faussett's, 
the  magistrate ;  had  no  conversa- 
tion with  him  going  to  the  magis- 
trate's, but  had  a  conversation  with 
him  in  the  magistrate's  kitchen; 
the  magistrate  was  not  present 
There  was  no  hope  or  expectation 
of  forgiveness,  or  threat,  held  out 
to  the  prisoner  by  witness;  had 
not  seen  the  magistrate  at  the 
time;  there  was  no  constable 
there ;  witness  walked  behind  pri- 
soner going  to  the  magistrate's 
house.  Prisoner  said,  he  had  helped 
at  killing  his  father,  that  he  was 
not  the  worst  nor  the  first  upon 
him.  Witness  asked  prisoner,  who 
was  concerned  with  him?  Pri- 
soner hesitated,  then  said,  ''that 
his  eldest  brother  Thomas  had  come 
to  him  the  day  before,  and  that 
they  had  agreed  to  kill  Uieir  father 
next  day,  that  they  might  have  his 
prcmerty  between  them  ?" 

John  Corrigan  examined.— 
Knew  deceased;  was  one  of  the 
persons  who  found  his  body ;  pri- 
soner was  not  then  in  view ;  the 
place  where  the  body  was  found 
was  like  a  grave,  it  was  covered 
with  a  cope  sod  in  a  ditch ;  the 
body  was  naked;  saw  nrisoner  a 
few  hours  after  in  the  lake ;  saw 
nothing  but  his  head  and  dioul- 
ders. 

Sureeon  Leonard  examined. — 
Saw  Uie  body  at  the  place  where 
it  was  found;  there  were  two 
wounds,  one  of  which  seemed  to 
have  been  inflicted  with  a  blunt 
weapon,  the  other  with  a  sharp  one; 
the  former  was  a  contusion  over 
the  right  eye ;  the  latter,  a  wound 
on  the  back  of  the  head  near  the 


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[I82lr 


neck;  there  were  two  riVs  firac* 
tured.  These  wounds  might  have 
been  the  cause  of  deceased's  death; 
but  he  has  seen  men  more  severely 
wounded  recover. 

B7  the  Court — Thinks  the 
death  not  occasioned  by  strangula- 
tion, but  by  temporary  syncope^ 
and  that  the  man  might  have 
been  buried  in  that  state,  although 
not  dead. 

The  judge  having  recapitulated 
the  evidence,  the  jury  retired  for 
nearly  half  an  hour,  and  returned 
with  a  verdict  of  Guilty. 

After  sentence  was  passed  on 
him,  the  unfortunate  man  appeared 
deeply  affected,  and  begged  in  tears 
to  speak  a  few  words.  He  said, 
his  brother,  who  was  accused, 
had  nothing  to  do  in  the  miur- 
der :  he  alone  conceived  and  per- 
^trated  it 

22.  At  Haddington,  in  presence 
ctf  the  sheriff  of  the  county,  the 
right  reverend  George  Pretyman 
Tomline.  Lord  bi£op  of  Win- 
chester, &c,  was,  by  a  jury,  o£ 
yrhom  lord  viscount  Maitland  was 
chancellor,  served  heir  male  in 
general  of  dr  Thomas  Pretyman, 
baronet,  of  Nova  Scotia,  who  died 
about  tibe  middle  of  last  century. 
His  lordship  also  established  his 
rieht  to  the  ancient  baronetcy  of 
^va  Scotia,  conferred  by  Charles 
1st,  on  sir  John  Pretymaii,  of 
Loddington,  the  male  ancestor  of 
or  Thomas. 

24.  At  the  election  of  a  foreign 
associate,  of  the  French  institute, 
in  tiie  zoom  of  the  deceased  Dr. 
Jenner,  the  following  gentlemen 
were  proposed :— Dr.  Wollaston, 
Dr.  Young,  M.  Gibers,  M.  S5- 
merinff,  M.  Von  Budi,  Mr.  Lamb- 
ton,  Mr.  Brown,  Mr.  Dalton,  and 
M.  Oersted.  The  number  of 
members  who  voted  was  44,  and 
the  ballot  was   as   foUows  :<— Dr. 


Wollaston,  38 ;  Olbers,  5 ;  Voa 
Buch,  1.  It  is  remarkable,  that, 
out  of  nine  persons  propos^  by 
the  institute,  from  among5t  all  the 
learned  and  talented  men  of  the 
civilised  world,  five  should  be 
Englishmen. 

25.  A  horrible  affair  took  phoe 
in  the  back   apartments,  on  the 
third  floor,  of  a  house,  in  the  Rue 
de  Vannes,  in  Paris,  where  lived  a 
mother,  with  her  daughter,  aged 
15,  and  her  step-dau^ter,   aged 
about  2 1 .     She  was  separated  from 
her  husband,  who  was  a  German, 
and  by  trade  a  tailor,  and  who,  from 
criminal   motives,  had  constantly 
opposed  the  marriage  of  his  eldest 
daughteTf      After  having  break- 
fasted with  the  &mily,  the  monster, 
with  a  large  butcher's  knife,  whidi 
he  had  nought  with  him,  gate 
his  eldest  daughter  a  mortal  stab, 
of  which  she  died  in  a  few  minutes 
afterwards.     The  young  ^1  ci  15 
also  received  from  him  a  wound  ip 
the  right  side;    the    mother  too 
was    wounded  in   attempting   to 
disarm  the  murderer,    who  was 
secured  by  the  neighbours,  wham 
the  cries  of  the  victims  drew  tp 
the  spot,  and  was  by  them  deli- 
vered into  the  hands  ofjustice. 

French  Libbl. — The  affiir  of 
the  editors  of  the  Journal  du  Caifh 
merce  and  of  the  Courier  Franfoit 
(see  page  32)  has  been  deodei 
before  the  tribune  d  cc^rectioDsl 
police.  M.  Cardqn,  the  editor  of 
the  Journal  du  Commerce,  was 
first  tried  for  the  article  in  that 
paper  of  March  11,  whidi  wis 
denounced  to  the  chamber  of  de- 
puties by  M.  FreniDy .  TTie  Court 
condemned  Carbon  to  three  months 
imprisonment,  a  fine  of  3,000  firancs 
and  coats,  and  ordered,  that  he 
should  be  bouiid  to  insert  the  mc- 
sent  sentence  in  his  paper  wiftio 
three  days. 


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CHRONICLE. 


39 


The  tnbonaL  then  proceeded  to 
try  separately  the  accusatioiiB 
against  the  ecUtor  of  the  Jmmal 
du  Cotmnerct  and  of  the  Courier 
Frcmfoii,  for  haring  given  an  ac- 
count (without  bemff  authorised) 
of.  the  secret  sitting  of  the  chamber 
of  deputies,  on  the  8th  of  February, 
for  the  discussion  on  the  Address, 
and  for  having,  besides,  excited  the 
ckicens  to  hatred  and  contempt  of 
tke  kingfs  goyemment,  by  attri- 
buting to  the  president  of  the 
conned  of  ministers  language  which 
he  did  not  hold,  vis.-— That  M.  de 
Vilkle,  replying  to  Messrs.  de  la 
Bourdonnaye  and  Delalot,  had  said 
that  the  French  government  has, 
rdalivdy  to  Spam,  •done  all  it 
could  to  &vour  the  insurgents. 

The  king^s  counsel,  mer  some 
observations,  prayed  for  judgment 
on  both  the  accused,  and  that  they 
shouldbesentenced  to  three  months' 
iBiprisonment,  and  a  fine  of  3,000 
frajics  each. 

The  Court  sentenced  Messrs. 
Cardon  and  Legraiveux,  responsi- 
ble editors  of  tl^  two  journals,  as 
they  refiised  to  give  up  the  names 
of  Uie  auth(»s  of  the  articles,  to 
three  months'  imprisonment,  and 
io  a  fine  of  2,000  francs  each; 
dedared  the  seizure  of  the  numbers 
of  the  9th  of  February  to  be  valid; 
ofdeied  the  copies  to  be  torn  to 
pieces;  and  condemned  these  edi- 
tors also  in  costs. 

TsiALB  FOR  Riot.— The  affitir  of 
the  yoimg  men  arrested  in  the  tu- 
mults of  the  3rd  and  6th  of  March, 
was  divided,  and  tried  by  the  court 
of  correctional  police,  on  two  sepa- 
rate days.  On  the  first  six  persons 
were  tried;  vix.  Blochet,  aged  40, 
tailor;  Choffiurd, apothecary's  pupil; 
Apout,  aged  33,  merchant's  clerk ; 
Evrard,  cutler;  Diolot,  26;  and 
Oaitte,  traveller.  M.  BeHlot,  the 
Idnifs  a^ocate^  gave  a  summary 


of  the  grounds  of  the  accusation. 
Blochet  was  accused  oi  having 
vjplently  resisted  gendarmes,  who 
wished  to  hinder  hmi  from  crossing 
the  Pont  Louis  seise,  and  of  having 
insulted,  by  gestures,  a  ccmimissary 
of  police,  in  seizing  him  by  the 
collar.  The  others  were  accused  of 
having  added  seditious  cries  to 
those  of  "Vive  Manuel!"  "Vive 
le  Cdte  Gauche!  Vive  la  liberty.' 
The  witnesses  being  called,  most 
of  whom  were  gendarmes  who  had 
assisted  in  arresting  the  prison^n, 
one  deposed  that  Diolot  had  cried, 
"  Down  with  the  hussars  of  the 
guillotine."  M.  Blainviliier,  a 
young  advocate,  in  his  defence  of 
Cho&rd,  pretended,  that  the  as- 
sembly of  the  3rd  of  March  was 
not  seditious ;  and  was  interrupted 
by  the  president,  who  told  him,  he 
was  preaching  resistance  to  the 
armed  fcnrce,  and  was  defending 
the  sovereignty  of  the  pec^le. 
After  hearing  t^e  counsel  of  the 
other  persons,  the  Tribune  con- 
demned Blochet  to  2  months'  im- 
prisonment and  a  fine  of  50  francs; 
Choffiurd,  8  months  and  100  francs; 
Amout  and  Diolot,  each  6  months 
and  50  francs;  Evrard,  2  months 
and 25 francs;  andClaitte,15days* 
imprisonment,  and  l6  francs  fine. 
Loes  OP  THB  Albrt  Packet. 
—"We  sailed  from  Dublin,"  says 
one  of  the  passengers,  in  his  narra- 
tive of  this  event,*  **  at  half-|Mi8t 
^ht  o'clock  on  Tuesday  evenmg. 
There  were,  as  nearly  as  I  can 
judge,  about  fifteen  passengm, 
including  myself»  in  the  cabin. 
Ammig  them  were  three  ladies. 
We  had  a  favourable  breese 
throughout  the  night,  and  made 
the  Weldi  coast  early  in  the 
mcnrning.  About  ten  o'dock,  how- 
ever, the  breese  died  away,  and 
the  packet  was  driven,  by  the 
force  of  .the  current,  towards  the 


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l\m. 


West  Mouse  rocL    Captain  Mor- 
gnn  immediately  oidered  the  boat 
ajiead,  in  the  full  confidenee  that 
it  would  succeed  in  towing  the 
packet  out  of  danger.    But  in  this 
he  was  disiqppointed*    the  vessel 
being  driven  hv  the  strenffth  of 
t^e  tide  on  the  ratal  rock.     It  was 
aiwut  half-past  ten  o'clock,  when 
she  struck.     I  was  in  my  Urthiin 
the  cabin,  at  the  moment     The 
shock,   though  not  very  violent, 
was    sufficient   to    rouse    me.     I 
started  up  instantly,  and  found  the 
passengers  in  the  cabin  in  a  state 
of  confusion  and  alarm.     I  imme- ' 
diately  ran  upon  deck,  and  found 
it  in  a  similar  state  of  confusion. 
I  returned  to  the  cabin,  and  dis- 
covered, with  feelings  not  to  be 
described,  that  the  water  had,  in 
the  meantime,  made  its  way  into 
it.      The    confusion    and    alarm 
among  the  passengers  bebw  in- 
creased with  the  increasing  danger. 
The  ladies  were  screaming  with 
affiight ;  and  even  the  gentlemen 
were  alarmed  at  the  imminency  of 
the  periL    I  immediately  quitted 
this  scene  of  horror,  and  making 
my  way  upon  deck,  ran  up  the 
shrouds.     At    this  moment,    the 
water  had  risen  to  a  considerable 
height  in  the  hold,  and   baffled 
every  exertion  which  was  made 
by  the  passengers  and  such  of  the 
crew  as  remamed  on  board  to  bale 
it  out.     I  now  saw,  for  the  first 
time,  theboat  ahead,  a  short  distance 
from  t}ie  extremity  of  the  bows)>rit, 
with  several  of  the  packet's  crew  in 
it.     I  came  down  me  shrouds,  and 
making  my  way  towards  the  bow- 
i^t,  endeavoured  to  gpt  into  the 
boat.     I  was,  however,  prevented 
by  some  of  Uie  persons  Mongiog 
to  the  packet  around  me,  who 
stated,  that  if  I  were  allowed  to 
get  into  the  boat,  there  would  be 
a  general  rush  towards  it,  by  which 


means  it  would  run  the  risk  of 
being  swanmed,  and  thus  cut  off 
the  only  chanoe  of  any   peisoo 
being  saved.     Determined,  how- 
ever, to  renew  the  attempt  at  a 
favourable  moment,  I    remained' 
partially  concealed  in.the  £ove«fait 
of  Uie  vessel    Buying  my  of^- 
tunity ».  when  the  boot  was  a  yard 
or  two  from  the  extremity  of  the 
bowsprit,  and  when   I  had  seen 
the  last  seaman  ^  into  it,  I  ran 
idong  the  bowspnt,  but  in  attempt- 
ing to  get  into  the  boat,  I  unfor- 
tunately fell  into  the  sea.     I  was 
taken  up  b^  one  of  the  crew,  who 
pulled  me  into  tlie  boat,  being  the 
first  passenger  who  was  reodTed 
into  it.    At  this  moment,  seven! 
other  passengers  made  their  way 
along  the  bowsprit  to  endeavour 
to  get  into  the  boat,  some  of  whon 
succeeded  in  gaining   it,    whilst 
others  fell  into  the  water  and  wen 
drowned.     The  captain  next  at- 
tempted   to    reach   the  boat,  by 
plunging  into  the  water  firom  ^ 
l)owsprit  and  swimming  towards  it 
A  rope  was  thrown  towards  him 
by  one  of  his  crew,  which  he  wis 
so  fortunate  as  to  gra^,  and  was 
pulled  into  the  boatu     As  soon  as 
he  caught  hold  of  the  rope,  seveial 
passengers,  who  had  plunged  into 
the  sea  at  the  same  moment  as  the 
cfl^itain,  were  observed  to  ding  to 
hisbody>  in  the  hope  of  thoefay 
saving  themselves;  but  sudi  was 
the  crowded   state  €ji  the  boat, 
which  was  already   almost  level 
with  the  water,   that  the  ciew 
dared  not  venture   to    take  any 
more  into  it,  and  they  were  abas- 
doned  to  their  fate.     There  were, 
at  this  moment,  seventeen  of  os 
in  the  boat.    When    we    rowed 
finally  ofl^  we  lefi  four  or  five  un- 
fortunate men  strugi^iiig  in  toB 
water,  with  no  chanoe  m  escq^ 
A  boy,  about  14  yeara  of  afs^  wss 


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about  tliis  time  obsenred  to  lash 
liftnaplf  to  a  pieoe  of  wood  and 
iiaow  himself  into  the  sea,  in  the 
hope  of  ium3ortmg  himself  until 
the  amrival  of  succour.  Just  as  it 
wmB  determined  to  quit  the  sinldng 
▼eiael,  a  man  got  hold  of  the  gun- 
wak  of  the  boat,  to  which  he 
dang,  earnestly  entreating  the 
crew  to  take  him  in;  but  tl^^ 
feaiii^  that  the  boat  might  be 
smsk  ay  the  additional  weiffht  on 
one  sidO)  laidied  him  to  it  In 
this  state  he  remained  for  nearly 
half  an  hour;  when  the  people, 
findinff  that  he  retarded  the  boat's 
way  through  the  water  (the  tide 
thai  running  stronely  against 
them),  deemed  it  expedient,  at  all 
risks,  to  take  him  in,  which  they 
happily  accomplished.  During 
the  time  we  were  rowing  towards 
the  liiore,  which  was  attended 
with  great  difficulty  and  fadmie, 
the  packet  was  driving  fast  ottthe 
land.  She  sunk  about  three-quar- 
ters of  an  hour  af^r  we  quitted 
her,  and  whilst  we  were  in  the 
act  of  landing.  No  sooner  had 
the  orew  laimed  the  passengers 
who  were  saved,  than  Uiey  heroi- 
cally resolved,  although  the  boat 
waa  nearly  half  full  of  water,  to 
return  with  all  expedition  to  the 
spot  where  the  packet  was  sup- 
posed to  have  sunk.  They  went 
accordingly,  and  succeeded  in  res- 
coin^  three  individuals,  who  had 
sustamed  themselves  in  the  sea 
by  some  buoyant  article,  from  a 
watery  grave. 

"  It  were  in  vain  to  describe 
^le  scene  of  horror  which  the  deck 
of  the  packet  exhibited,  when  we 
were  on  the  point  of  quitting  for 
ever  the  multitude  which  crowded 
it.  It  was  a  scene  which  would 
have  melted  the  hardest  heart. 
For  some  time  before  that  moment, 
all  hope  of  preservation  had  been 


entirely  abandoned;  and  the  un- 
fortunate crowd  were  awaiting,  in 
awful  suspense,  the  dreadful  death 
which  stared  them  in  the  face. 
Many  of  them  had  fallen  on  their 
knees,  and  were  imploring  the 
mercy  of  heaven ;  whilst  others 
were  sending  up  the  most  piteous 
and  heart-rending  screams,  which 
drew  tears  even  mnn  those  in  the 
boat,  who  had  some  chance  of 
escape.  There  were  many  women 
on  board,  with  young  children,  to 
whom  they  clung  with  a  mother's 
fondness  in  this  scene  of  death; 
the  frantic  shrieks,  extorted  by  their 
maternal  agony,  were  most  piercing, 
and  were  heard,  long  after  the  boat 
had  quitted  the  sinUng  wreck." 

Fanaticism.  —  A  disgusting 
scene  took  place  some  days  ago  in 
the  village  of  Truellion,  in  the 
canton  of  Zurich.  A  dozen  indi- 
viduals, men  and  women;  shut 
themselves  up  in  a  house,  under 
pretext  of  praying.  An  hour 
afterwards  a  di^eadnil  noise  being 
heard,  the  inhabitants  of  the  neigh- 
bourhood hastened  to  the  spot,  and 
demanded  in  vain  that  the  house 
should  be  opened.  Meantime,  the 
tumult  increased  eveiy  moment, 
the  door  was  at  length  forced  open, 
and  these  wretched  people  were 
all  found  stretched  on  the  ground, 
in  various  groups,  closely  em- 
bracing each  other.  They  were 
all  arrested.  Their  depositions 
presented  nothing  but  instances  of 
deplorable  folly ;  they  pretended  to 
be  inspired  by  God,  and  a  girl,  who 
was  pr^nant,  was  always  the 
organ  by  which  his  wiU  was  mani- 
fested to  them.  Some  of  them 
were  taken  to  the  mad-house. 

It  was  hoped,  that  the  measures, 
adopted  by  the  government  d^ 
Zurich,  would  sufl^  to  enlighten 
the  fanatics,  or  at  least  to  restrain 
them  within  bounds,  when  the  ri« 


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[1823. 


diculous  scenes,  which  took  place  at 
Truellion,  were  suddenly  succeeded 
by  others  that  were  tragical  and 
horrible.  In  the  night  of  the 
14th,  a  young  female  visionary 
pretended  that  Buon£^)arte  had 
appeared  to  her,  and  had  in^ired 
her  with  the  resolution  to  die  to 
save  thousands  of  souls.  This 
apparition  inflamed  the  imaeina- 
tion  of  several  fanatics,  and  the 
sacrifice  was  instantly  resolved 
upon.  Men,  women,  and  young 
gids,  immediately  prepared  instru- 
ments for  the  execution,  fastened 
the  unfortunate  young  womafi  to 
a  board,  and,  anudst  the  cries  of 
joy  uttered  by  the  victim,  they 
drove  nails  into  her  feet  and  hands 
— ^tore  her  breast — dashed  her 
head  to  pieces  with  a  mallet — and 
sang  pious  hymns  to  celebrate  her 
death.  The  magistrates,  being  in- 
formed, hastened  to  the  spot ;  six 
of  the  guilty  were  arrested. 

A  sister  of  this  unhappy  young 
woman  also  perished  in  Uie  most 
cruel  tortures,  a  victim  of  religious 
rage.  Her  brother-in-law  has  de- 
dfured  that  he  was  her  assassin, 
but  he  pretends  to  have  fulfilled 
the  will  of  God,  and  boasts  of  his 
cnme. 


APRIL. 

1.  Piracies.  —  His  majesty's 
ship,  T3me  and  Thradan,  arrived 
at  Kingston,  having  captured  a  pi- 
ratical schooner,  which  after  a  pur- 
suit of  many  days,  sometimes  gain- 
ing intelligence  of  her,  at  others 
losing  all  due  to  her,  they  at  length 
got  siffht  of,  ofiP  Baraooa. 

Both  ships,  disguised  as  much  as 
possible,  to  bear  me  appearance  of. 
merchantmen,  stood  m  to  close 
with  her.  For  three  hours,  the 
schooner  remained  unaware  oif  the 
deception    which    was  practised; 


when  she  crowded  all  soil  and 
made  for  the  harbour  of  Mate, 
where  she  andliored,  wilih  her 
broadside  commanding  the  nazvow 
entrance  of  little  more  than  a 
cable's  length  in  breadth,  and  diso 
played  Spsmish  colours.  The  boats 
of  the  ships  were  instantly  hobted 
out,  manned,  and  armed,  and 
under  the  command  of  captain 
Waloott,  proceeded  to  ascertain 
what  her  r^  character  was ;  when, 
at  3  p.  M.,  the  boats  being  within 
gun-shot,  she  opened  her  me  under 
the  Spanish  flag,  which,  after  the 
first  shot,  was  supplanted  by  the 
black  flag.  She  had  previoudy 
landed  a  body  of  men  to  fire  firom 
a  thicket  on  one  side  of  the  har- 
bour's entrance,  which  increased 
the  advantages  of  her  already  ad* 
mirable  position  for  defence,  and 
placed  our  officers  and  men  under 
an  incessant  and  most  galling  fire 
of  every  description,  for  inwards 
of  three  quarters  of  an  hour,  whidi 
was  sustained  with  the  firmest  in- 
trepidity. At  length  the  opportu- 
nity for  boarding  arrived,  and  with 
three  cheery  our  gallant  fallows 
rushed  in  under  a  heavy  shower 
of  grape  and  musketry.  Thepunc 
qn  board  was  instantaneous,  and 
the  most  of  her  crew  threw  them- 
selves into  the  sea. 

She  proved  to  be  the  Zara^ 
zana,  ot  about  120  Urns,  carrying 
one  long  18  pounder  on  a  swivel 
4  long  9-pounders,  8  swivels,  well 
armed,  and  every  way  prepared 
against  boarding.  Her  decks  were 
covered  with  bottles  filled  with 
combustible  materials.  She  had  a 
crew  of  from  70  to  80  men,  daelBj 
European  Spaniards,  commanded 
by  Cayatano  Anogonex^  who,  with 
his  crew,  fought  the  vessel  with  a 
skill,  and  until  the  moment  cf 
panic,  with  a  desperate  ooitnge, 
worthy  ^  a  bett^  cause. 


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CHRONICLE. 


43 


This  vessel  was  fitted  out  anned, 
at  the  Havannah^  in  January  last^ 
with  50  men  on  boards  for  a 
poirt  towards  the  east  end  of  the 
island,  and  partly  laden  with  mer-  ' 
chandizej  under  the  designation 
of  a  merchant  vessel,  armed  for 
self-defence. 

The  nirates  had  10  killed,  15 
woundea,  16  taken  by  the  Spar- 
niards,  and  28  brought  to  Port 
Royal  for  txial;  total,  69. 

Many  of  the  remainder  are  sup* 
posed  to  have  been  drowned. 

The  Tyne  had  2  wounded ;  the 
Thradan  2  wounded,  and  2  lolled. 
An  equally  gallant  exploit  was 
performed  bv  ms  majesty's  cutter, 
Crredan.     On  the  20th  March,  at 
9-30  A.M.,  she  observed  a  schooner 
dose  on  shore,  at  the  entrance  of 
die  river  St.  John's,  Bay  of  Phil- 
lipina,  on  the  coast  of  the  island 
of  Cuba;  the  schooner  hoisted  a 
red  flag  forward,  and  a  white  flag, 
having  the  bust  of  a  death's  head, 
with  marrow-bones,  at  the  main, 
and  instantly  commenced  a  heavy 
fire  from  2  lone  1 8  and  12-poundpr8, 
on  pivots,  and  6  short  9-pounders, 
all  brought  over  on  one  side,  with  a 
great  number  of  musketry.  At  1.5. 
p^tf.the  Grecian  commenced  action^ 
with  round  and  gnme  shot;   and 
at  1. 55,  she  too£  tne  ground  in 
two  fathoms  water,  about  half  a 
musket  shot  from  the  pirate,  at 
which  moment  the  latter  blew  up 
with  a  tremendous  explosion.  The 
Grecian's  boat  at  this  time,  being 
manned  for  the  purpofie  of  board- 
ing, instancy  put  off;  the  pirates 
took  to  their  boats  for  the  shore, 
distant  half  v^  gable's  length,  and 
had  but  a  few  moments  to  form, 
when  our  bofits  reached  the  spot ; 
a  desperate  conflict  here  took  place 
for  a  short  time,  when  the  pirates 
ilew  in  all  directions,  having  about 
30  killed  and  woi^de^;.  ^   pri- 


soners were  taken>  two  of  whom 
died  of  their  wounds.  From  the 
information  of  the  prisoners  on 
board,it  appeared  that  the  schooner^s 
name  was  La  Gata,  of  90  tonsr 
commanded  by  a  person  named 
Joseph  Sabina,  a  notorious  pirat^ 
with  a  complement  of  90  men; 
she  also  had  a  felucca,  with  four 
carnage  guns  and  27  stand  qi 
arms,  and  two  other  boats^  with  a 
mounted  swivel  in  each,  and  24 
stand  of  musketry,  all  of  which 
were  in  the  action. 

Convicts — ^Mr.  Capper,  the  su- 
perintendant  of  the  convict  esta- 
blishment, has  reported  to  the  secre- 
ti^for  the  home  department,  ''thaX 
a  vast  number  of  the  convicts,  of 
late  received  on  board  the  hulks, 
have  brought  with  them,  from  the 
respective  gaols,  such  reports  of  bad 
character,  that  but  slight  hope  of 
reformation  can  be  looked  for  by 
their  detention  in  any  establish-* 
ment  in  this  country."     On  the 
1st  of  January,  1822,  there  were 
2,807  prisoners  on  board  all  the 
convict  ships;    since   that  period 
there  have  been  received  from  the 
respective  gaols  2,200  (being  550 
less  than  in  the  year  i821).  Dur- 
ii^g  the  year,  1,470  have  been  trans- 
ported to  New  South  Wales  (being 
550  less  than  the  preceding  year); 
85  have  been  removed  to  the  Pe- 
nitentiary; 367  discharged  by  par- 
don, or  odierwise ;   five .  have  ^s*- 
caped,  and  49  have  died;  leaving 
3,031  prisoners  in  confinement  in 
the    several   d^pdts   on   the    1st 
instant. 

3.   SWSDBNBOBO'S   SkULL. — ^A 

.letter  of  this  date^  signed  "  J»  T# 
Hawkins,"  and  addressed  to  the 
editor  of  the  Times  newsp^er, 
gives  the  following  particulars  witb 
respect  to  the  adventures  of  Swe- 
denborg's  9kull :  '' Captain  Ludvk 
Granhmn^  of  the  royal  navy  m 


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ANNUAL   REGISTER.        {im. 


Sweden^  called  on  me>  near  the 
end  of  ^e  year  1817>  invited  me 
to  his  lodgmfls^  and  showed  me  a 
skull^  which  he  said  was  the  skuU 
(^  Swedenhorg.  He  informed  me, 
that>  a  few  days  before^  he  had  at- 
tended the  funeral  of  one  of  his 
countrymen,  into  the  vault  under 
the  Swedish  ambassador's  chapel, 
in  Prince's-square,  Ratdiffe-high- 
way;  that  he  remained  there  a 
short  time  with  others,  looking  at 
the  inscriptions  on  various  coffins ; 
and  that,  on  reading  the  name  of 
the  honourable  Emanuel  Sweden- 
horg, and  observing  that  the  coffin 
Hd  was  loose,  he  was  seized  with 
the  idea  of  maldng  a  large  sum  of 
money,  by  taking  the  d^ull,  and 
selling  it  to  some  one  of  Sweden- 
borg's  followers,  who,  he  had  heard, 
amounted  to  many  thousands  in 
this  country,  and  amongst  whom, 
he  imagined,  there  would  be  much 
competition  for  the  possession  of 
so  valuable  a  relic  He  watched 
his  opportunity,  lifted  the  lid,  took 
out  the  skull,  wrapped  it  in  his 
pocket  handkerchief,  and  carried  it 
out  of  the  chapel  unnoticed. 

**  I  inform^d  captain  Granholm, 
to  his  great  disappointment,  that 
the  members  of  Uie  New  Jeru- 
salem church  reprobated  the  pos- 
session of  any  religious  relic,  and 
more  particularly  a  part  of  a  dead 
body,  which,  they  believe,  will 
never  more  come  into  use,  the  soul 
remaining,  afier  death,  a  complete 
and  active  man  in  a  spiritual  body, 
not  to  be  again  fettered  with  ma- 
terial flesh,  blood,  and  bones. 

"  Captain  Granhobn  died  a  few 
months  afterwards  in  London, 
without  having  disposed  c^  the 
skull,  and  without  having  left  this 
eonntry. 

''A  very  curious  circumstance 
occasioned  the  coffin  lid  to  be  loose. 
About  the  year  1790,  a  Swedish 


philosopher,  then  in  London,  wbo 
was  a  great  admirer  of  Sweden- 
borg's  philosophical  writings,  but 
had  no  relish  for  his  theological 
opinions,  became  acquainted  with 
some  of  the  members  of  the  New 
Church,  and  warmly  opposed  Swe- 
denbor^s  tenet — ^that  ue  soultskes 
a  final  leave  of  the  material  body 
at  death,  and  enters  on  its  new 
scene  of  superior  activity  in  a  i^- 
ritual  body  more  suited  to  obey  its 
energies.  The  learned  Swede  en- 
deavoured to  persuade  them,  that 
all  great  philosophers  had,  by  vir- 
tue of  their  profound  wisdom,  the 
power  of  t^ikin^  with  them  into 
the  world  of  spirits  their  natural 
bodies;  and  he  asserted  his  full 
conviction,  that  Swedenhorg,  whooi 
he  consid^^d  one  of  the  first  phi- 
losophers, had  taken  away  his  body 
out  of  the  coffin. 

"  In  order  to  convince  the  Swede 
of  his  error,  leave  was  obtained  to 
have  the  coffin  opened ;  when,  to 
the  utter  confusion  of  the  philo- 
sopher, the  body  of  Swedenhorg 
was  presented  to  view.  The  ffl 
was  merely  laid  on,  without  beioff 
re-fastened,  and  thus  was  afforded 
the  fadlity  of  which  captain  Gran- 
holm availed  himself  27  yoi* 
aflerwards." 

China— f  From  the  Peiin  Ga- 
zdtej. — ''  It  has  been  stated  tohb 
majesty,  that  a  foreign  tribe  of 
shepherds  on  the  north-west  corner 
of  China,  included  in  the  province 
of  Kansuh,  have  sufifered  severely 
from  a  fall  of  snow.  The  peo^ 
in  lighthouses  have  perished  by  ity 
and  the  whole  ci  their  cattle. 
Ninety-two  families  yet  remain, 
and  on  these  the  emperor  com- 
mands that  thc;^  shall  be  no  duties 
levied  for  three  years  to  come. 

''Chagn,  the  judffe  of  Shan-tmig 
and  conductor  of  ue  English  em- 
bassy when    in   the  province  of 


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CHRONICLE. 


45 


-Chin-lee,  has  been  degraded  to  a 
Teiy  low  lank,  accompanied  by 
some  Tery  lerere  anioudvenionB 
nom  tbe  emperor  for  bis  incapacitj 
and  bad  government. 

''.The  emperor  himself  has  at- 
tended to  the  examination  of  the 
higher  departments  of  the  literati 
tins  year,  and  hasheard  them  read  in 
yarious  classical  authors.  As  might 
be  anticipated,  some  have  beien 
promoted,  and  others  have  been 
degraded  to  a  very  low  rank. 

"  His  majesty  has  also  examined 
the  progress  made  by  his  fourth 
•on,  a  kd  of  fourteen  years  of  age, 
and  is  much  disappointed  to  fmd 
him  quite  imable  to  write  verses. 
The  emperor  remembers  well,  that 
his  august  father,  the  late  emperor, 
examined  him  when  he  was  thir- 
teen years  of  age,  on  which  occa- 
sion verses  were  daily  composed  by 
him.  His  majesty  attributes  the 
present  failure  to  the  prince's 
tutors,  and  has  ordered  a  complete 
aet  of  new  masters." 

4.  Taunton. — Much  curiosity 
was  excited  by  the  appearance  o( 
the  names  of  three  females  in  the 
calendar,  on  a  charge,  under  lord 
Ellenboroug^'s  act,  of  maliciously 
cutting  and  stabbing  an  old  woman, 
a  reputed  ^'  witch,'  with  intent  to 
mui^  her.  The  grand  jury, 
however,  after  consulting  the  judge, 
threw  out  the  bill  on  the  caphal 
charge  of  maliciously  cutting  under 
lord  EUenborough's  act,  and  re- 
turned a  true  biU  against 

EUxabeth  Bryant,  the  mother, 
aged  50,  Elisabeth  Bryant,  the 
younger,  aged  22,  and  Jane  Bryant, 
aged  15,  the  two  daughters,  for 
having  xoaliciously  assamted  Anne 
Buiveas. 

Mr.  Erskine  stated  the  case  to 
the  jury.  The  parties  resided  at 
Wivelisoombe,  in  this  county,  and 
the  prosecutrix  was  a  very  aged 


woman.  The  dder  prisoner  tras 
a  married  woman,  residing  in  the 
same  neig^bomhood.  ^e  had 
three  daughters,  who  lived  with 
her,  two  of  whom  were  prisoners 
at  the  bar.  One  of  these  had  beni 
afflicted  bv  fits,  which  the  mother 
firmly  believed  were  the  work- 
ings of  some  malignant  spirit; 
ami  in  order  to  counteract  or  break 
the  spell,  she  applied  for  advice  to 
a  reputed  sorcerer,  named  Baker, 
residing  and  exercising  absolute 
sway  in  a  remote  part  of  Devon- 
shire. This  fellow  told  her,  that 
her  daughter  was  bewitched  by  a 
particular  person  in  their  neigh- 
bourhood,  and  that,  to  get  rid  of 
the  charm,  it  was  necessary  to  draw 
blood  from  the  witch,  and  to  cause 
a  preparation,  of  which  he  gave  her 
the  recipe,  to  be  burnt,  with  cer- 
tain ceremonies  and  praye^rs.  Whe- 
ther from  a  staid  deportment,  re- 
servedness  of  manners,  or.  old 
grudge,  did  not  appear,  but  the 
prosecutrix  was  immediately  fixed 
upon  as  the  witch,  and  was  puh* 
li^ed  as  such  throughout  the  town 
of  Wiveliscombe,  by  the  dder  pri- 
soner, who  positively  declared,  that 
her  daughter  had  been  bewitched 
by  her  for  more  than  12  months  I 
The  prosecutrix,  alarmed  at  the 
general  impression  which  appeared 
to  be  raised  against  her,  went  on 
the  night  of  the  26th  of  Novem- 
ber, to  the  house  of  the  elder  pri- 
soner, whom  she  met  in  the  dark 
passage  of  her  house,  and  said,  in 
a  very  simple  manner,  thai  she 
came  to  know  the  foundation  of 
the  reports,  which  had  been  circu- 
lated respectmg  her.  The  prisoner 
viewed  the  visit  as  a  providential 
one  for  executing  her  purpose  of 
drawing  blood,  and,  wiu  homble 
imprecations,  seiied  the  dd  woman. 
The  two  daughters,  upon  hearing 
the  noise,  rushed  out,  and  instantly' 


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[m*. 


ftfl  irpon  tlie  proMctflriz^  who  was 
togged  to  the  floor,  and  one  of 
tiiem  fetched  a  nail  as  Uie  first 
ilung  in  the  wa^,  and  began  fo 
koeiate  the  old  woman's  arm  in 
liie  raoRt  ferocious  manner,  whilst 
the  other  two  held  her. 

The  reputed  witch,  Ann  Burgess, 
was  first  calledi  She  was  a  fine, 
hale-looking  M  woman,  68  years 
of  age,  of  rather  imposing  ffravity. 
She  deposed — "  I  know  the  pri- 
soners, the  mothor  and  the  two 
daughters.  They  live  about  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  from  me.  On 
me  26th  of  November  I  went  to 
her  house  (Mrs.  Bryant's^,  and  met 
her  in  ike  passa^,  which  is  dark. 
I  said,  '  Betty  Bryant,  I  be  come 
to  adc  you  a  civil  question,  whe- 
tlier  I  bewitched  your  dMi^ter  ?' 
She  said,  '  Yes,  you  have,  you 
d— d  old  witch;  you  have  be- 
vntched  her  for  ^e  kst  twelve 
months;'  and  she  said,  she  was  10/. 
the  worse  for  it^  and  she  would  be 
totally  d— d,  if  she  would  not  kill 
me.  They  all  came  out  together, 
and  fell  upon  me.  The  little 
daughter  drew  out  my  arm  and 
held  it,  whilst  one  of  the  others 
cut  at  it.  The  eldest  of  them  said, 
'  Bring  me  a  knife,  that  we  may 
cut  the  flesh  off  the  old  wretch's 
^nns.'  They  tore  my  arms  all 
over  with  an  iron  nail."  The  old 
woman  here  described  the  manner, 
in  which  the  prisoners  performed 
tihe  operation.  She  was  ill  from 
liie  wounds  on  her  arm;  there  was 
a  woman  who  accompanied  witness, 
who  came  in  and  d^tged  her  a  way 
from  their  fury.  It  appeared,  fur- 
ther, tibat  witness  and  her  Meild 
(iried  out  ''murder"  as  loud  as 
tiiey  could,  and  a  mob  assembled 
in  the  street  round  the  ^or ;  but 
they  did  not  choose  to  interfere, 
because  the  old  woman,  on  whom 
the  prisonen  were  exercising  their 


luiy,  was  a  witch.  T*wo  of  th^ 
prisoners;  the  mother  and  the  elder 
daughter,  continued  to  hold*  the 
old  woman  as  she  struggled  on  the 
ground  for  her  life  (as  she  ex- 
pressed it),  whHst  the  younger 
daughter,  with  the  first  instrument 
which  came  to  hand,  a  large  nafl, 
lacerated  her  arm  in  a  dread- 
ful manner.  This  was  done  fbr 
nearly  ten  minutes,  the  mob  stand- 
ing by  nearly  the  whole  of  the 
time;  and  the  old  woman  was  res- 
cued only  by  the  vigorous  efforts  of 
her  companion.  She  did  not  doubt; 
that  if  a  knife  had  been  in  the  way 
when  she  presented  herself  at  the 
door,  she  would  have  been  mur- 
dered. 

Cross-examined. — ^Do  not  the 
people  of  Wiveliscoml)e  account 
you  to  be  a  witch  ?    . 

The  old  woman  (with  great 
agitation) — "  Oh  dear  !  oh  Seax ! 
that  I  should  live  to  be  three  score 
and  eight  years  old,  and  be  ac- 
counted a  witch  at  last.  Oh  dear, 
what  will  come  of  me  ?'* 

"  Wen,  it  is  very  hard,  cer- 
tainly ;  but  do  they  not  account 
you  to  be  a  witch  ?" 

It  was  some  time  before  the  old 
woman  could  give  an  intelligible 
answer,  but  she  said,  that  she  had 
never  been  accounted  a  witch  in 
her  life  (God  forbid)  by  any  one, 
before  the  prisoners  circulated 
about  the  town  that  she  was  so,  and 
had  exercised  her  infernal  influence 
over  one  of  them.  She  al^y« 
tried  to  live  righteously  and  peace- 
ably, without  doing  any  harm  to 
any  one.  She  was  greatly  afflicted 
at  the  injurious  supposition. 

The  apprentice  to  Mr.  North, 
surgeon  at  Witeliscombe,  deposed, 
that,  on  the  night  in  question,  the 
prosecutrix  came  to  him  to  dreas 
ner  arm,  which  he  found  dread- 
fully lacerated.     There  were  15 


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CHRONICLE. 


47 


or  16  inciaoiui  upon  it^  sovie  About 
a  quarter  of  an  inch  deei>,  ^^ 
otliecB  an  dghlh  of  an  inch.  Thsiy 
w&e  ftom  two  to  three  inches  and 
three  inches  and  a  half  long.  She 
bled  very  severely.  Witness  dreased 
ber  arm^  and  as  she  was  vecy 
hefdthy/  it  got  well  &st.  She  was 
iU  for  more  than  a  mouth  in  eoi^ 
sequence  of  the  attach.  Her  arm 
was  still  bound  iip. 

Elisabeth  Collard  deposed,  that 
she  was  an  acquaintance  of  the 
elder  jnisoner,  and  met  h^.on  the 
morning  of  the  day  on  which  the 
assault  took  place^  not  having  seeu 
ber  before  for  a  long  time.  Wit- 
ness said,  "  We  were  talhing 
about  our  ^»ubles,  when  she  tdl 
me  that  her  troubles  were  greater 
than  mine  or  any  body's  troubles, 
for  they  were  not  mortal  troubles. 
She  said,  her  daughter  had  been 
bewitched  for  the  mst  12  mantha, 
and  that  she  had  been  to  consult 
old  Baker,  the  Dev^mshire  wizard. 
About  her  case,  who  had  given  her 
a  recipe  against  witchcraft,  and 
told  her,  thatUoodmust  be  drcmm 
from  the  witch  to  break  the  charm. 
She  said  that  old  Mrs.  Burgess  was 
the  witch,  and  that  she  was  going 
to  get  blood  from  her.  She  was 
in  such  a  way,  that  I  thought  she 
would  have  gone  immediately  to 
Mrs.  Bui^j^  to  have  drawn  blood, 
but  I  advised  her  not  to  do  so,  and 
to  let  old  Baker  punish  her  if  she 
was  really  the  witch." 

Mr.  Justice  Burrough.— Who  19 
old  Baker? 

Witness. — Oh  I  my  had,  he  is 
a  great  conjurer,  the  people  aaj* 
He  is  a  good  deal  look^  up  to  by 
^e  poor  peofde  in  these  parts. 

Mr.  Justice  Burrou^. — I  wish 
we  had  the  fellow  here.  Tell 
Urn,  that  if  he  does  not  leave  off 
his  conjuring,  he  will  be  caught 
and  charmed  in  a  manner  that  he 
will  not  like. 


Th0  wkneit  reimbed^^^'^  I 
pitied  the  woman,  she  was  in  tiidi 
a  weild  of  troubles:  and  besides 
that,  she  baa  had  a  great  many 
afflictions  wi^  ber  fttn&y,  but  die 
iqppeared  to  feel  the  bewhehisg  of 
her  daughter  very  deejay.  I  nkied 
faow  the  witchcraft  wm^nd  upon 
hei^  when  diet  told  me  that  when 
her  daughter  was  worked  upiMi, 
she  wouM  dance  and  «n^  just  as 
if  she  was  dancing  and  smgii^  to 
a  fiddle>  in  a  way  tlut  th^  was 
no  stopfong  her  be£6re  she  dropped 
down,  wl^  the  fiend  left  her. 
Whilst  the  fit  was  upon  her,  abe 
woijdd  look  wished  (wild  or  af- 
fiif^ted),  and  point  at  somediing, 
crying, '  There  die  stands !  Th«» 
she  stands!'  (the  witch).  I  fdt 
for  the  daughter  very  mudi.  Her 
state  is  very  pitiable,  my  lord." 

The  jury  then  found  all  the 
prisoners  Guilty. 

The  sentence  was,  that  they 
should  be  each  impr^oned  in  Use 
eounty  gaol  for  the  space  of  four 
calendar  mmiths. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  the 
unulet  which  t^  man  Baker  gave 
to  the  poor  dupes  to  wear,  as  a 
charm  against  witchcraft,  andabo  of 
the  recipe  er  direction  for  breaking 
theehann^-^ 

"  The  gar  of  nuxtur  is  to  be 
mijct  with  half  pint  of  gen  (t.  e. 
gin),  and  then  a  tablespooin  to  be 
taken  mormngs  and  at  eleven 
o'doek  four  and  eight,  and  four 
of  the  pills  to  be  taken  every 
morning  fwtin^  and  ^  p>pv  of 
powder  to  be  divided  in  ten  parts^ 
aad  one  fail  to  be  taken  every 
night,  going  to  bed,  in  a  little 
hcmey." 

^^  The  pq»r  of  arba  (t.  a  herbk} 
is  tobebiiumt,  a  small  bit  at  a  time, 
on  a  few  coals,  with  a  litde  hi^ 
and  rosemary,  and  while  it  is 
burning,  read  the  two  fint  verses 


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48 


ANNUAL  REGISTER. 


[m5. 


of  tlie  68tli '  Salm,  and   aay  the 
Lord's  Prayer  aft^. 

(Si^)  ''  B.  Baxbe." 
The  tune  at  whidi  all  this  was 
-  to  he  done  was  nudnigfat,  and  with 
,  other  attendant  oeremonies  and 
circurastaaoefl^  for  which  he  gave 
instnictions.  The  verses,  wkh 
which  the  incantatkn  was  to  he 
oom^ted  are  the  followinff,  which, 
it  will  he  agreed,  are  weU  chooen 
•for  effect  :— 

Exturffot  Dens,  8ie.  '' Let  God 
arise,  and  let  his  enemies  he  scat- 
tered: let  diem  also,  that  hate  hbn^ 
flee  hefore  him. 

"  Like  as  the  smoke  vanishetii, 
so  shalt  diOQ  inve  them  aw^ : 
and  like  as  wax  melteth  at  the 
^re,  so  let  the  unflodly  peoridi  at 
the  presence  of  God." 

As  the  preparations  were  taken 
hy  the  ignorant  creatures,  it  could 
'  not  he  ascertained  what  they  were^ 
'whether  mediainal  or  men  rub- 
iush.    After  die  rites  had  been  all 
per^onned^soch  was  the  eflfeot  upon 
the  imagination  of  the  siri  (aged 
^),  who  fiemded  herselrpossessed, 
^lat  she  has  not  had  a  fit  since. 
The  act  of  drawing  blood  from  the 
snpBoeed  witeh  remained    to    be 
pnnirmed,  in  order  to  break  the 
charm  entirely,  and  to  prevent  it 
from    retomiag,    which  horrible 
<9nemonywas  soon  performed  in 
th&.ma«ner  stated. 
'    11.' Captain  Henry  Dixon  was 
teavcdlne  with  a  fneod,  and  was 
widiin  'lAout  three  quarters  of  a 
mile  of  Faeoaa,  when,  about  ei^ 
€^4dook'in  the.evening,  their  cai^ 
riage>w«s  stopped  by  a  band  ef 
&dt-xQbben.     The  traveUera  woe 
dfagged-tolha  mund,  and  with 
knres  at  thebr  uMoats,  wete  taU 
that  diey  y^knM  be  murdeted,  if 
they  moved  an  inch,  or  made  the 
kast  noise,  r  While  in  this  8itim«> 
tin,  the  banditti  rifled  their  car- 


carriage,   and    took   oot  of  die 

pockets,  notes  and  flold  to  the 

amount  of  8$5L,  wi&  a  oomher 

of  drawinffs  and  presents,  intended 

lor  the  fneinis  of  the  traveilen  in 

England.    The  villains  then  srade 

c^  and  esoq^  widi  their  boo^. 

RuasiA.^ — ^Letters  from  Petm- 

tergli,  of  this  date,  state,  diatyon^ 

pre^ding  day,  a  government  offieisl 

was  affixed  on  the  exdiange,  wstn- 

ing  the  merchants  not  to  cany  on 

any  oommereial  transactions  wkh 

Spain  and  Portugal,  and  particu- 

Itfly  not  to  send  any  vessel  thite. 

The  same  letters  mention  a  curiow 

instance  of  disaffection  to  the  Bos- 

sian  autocrat  among  the  peuantiy 

of  the  government   of  Wiftc^, 

who,  though  recently  released  frost 

bondage,    and    invested   wiA  t 

right  to  the  produce  c^  their  own 

labour,  have  had  die  ingratitude 

to  aas#er  tins  benefit  hy  a  refiuil 

to  pay  taxes.    They   have  even 

gone  so  fiur,  as  to  insult  an  ia^ 

rial  i^^t  sent  thither  to  reoMin* 

strate  widi  them,  and  have  had 

the  audacity  to  address  a  letter  (o 

the  empress  dowager,  in  which  thef 

accuse  the  empaor  himself  of  in- 

justioe !  It  has  been  found  neoes- 

aary  to  deq;Atch  trooprto  die  p»- 

vince,  to  put  down  die  rising  ^ 

affibcdon* 

AifTiQUiTZBSw — In  making  saoie 
repairs  near  die  Monastery  of  ^ 
Lucia,  at  a  very  small  depdi  ia 
the  ground^  the  workmen  found  s 
finger  and  a  fragment  of  the  arm 
of  a  statue.  This  gave  occasion  to 
further  searches;  and  on  digeing 
lo  the  depth  of  only  a  few  pi^ 
five  statues,  of  the  site  ci  lift^ 
were  discovered  among  some  rub- 
bish. Three  of  these  ftatues  srs 
Fauns  in  different  attitudes :  cme^ 
a  Silenus;  and  die  fifth represtfrt* 
one  of  the  Amnades.  The  most 
perfea  of  the  Fauns  has  diehead^ 


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CHRONICLE. 


49 


tlie  oUieci,  and  the  Silenus,  Vfwat 
the  head,  or   scmiie  other  purts, 
whidi,  it  ia  hoped,  will  3ret  he 
ttmad.    The  worlonanship  ii  ez- 
tfemely  heautiful,  and  the  original 
lustre  of  the  sur&ce  is  still  pre- 
aerved.    There    have    also   heen 
disoorered,  a  column  of  dark  hrown 
colour,  ahout  two  palms  in  dia- 
meter ;  another  smaller  ;  and  part 
of  an  ancient  walL     On  esploring 
the  interior  of  this  wall,  to  the 
jheight  of  ahout  ten  palms,  and 
in  hreadth   to  ahout   two  and  a 
half,  it  was  found   to  he  faced 
with  marhle.    The  pavement  h&> 
lore  it  is  entire,  and  is  constructed 
of  marble  of  various  colours  and 
forms.    At  the  distance  of  ahout 
ei^t  palms  from  this  wall,  the 
plinths   of   the    first   mentioned 
column,  and  of  two  others,  were 
found.     It  appears  that,  at   this 
ipot,  there  had  heen  a  portico  with 
statues,  which  had  lieen  thrown 
down  towards  the  road,  whic^  is 
the   direction  of  the  fragments, 
and  the  bricks  of  the  ruin.    By 
panoaecuting  the  d^ging,  the  other 
sides  of  the  buildmg  and  its  orna- 
ments will,  periiaps,  be  found;  and 
we  shaU  then  letun  the  dimensions 
of  the  edifice,  which  doubtless  was 
rich  in  ^lecimens  of  the  fine  arts. 
About  this  monastery,  and  ^t  of 
Son  Martino,  thore  exist  considera- 
ble   remains    of    ancient    public 
wcttrks,   which,  according   to   the 
opinion  of  antiquaries,  bdonged  to 
the  baths  of  Trajan. 

OxFomn  CiBcuiT.->-The  follow- 
ing correspondence  has  t^en  place 
on  the  subject  of  Mr.  Curwood 
changing  from  the  Home  to  the 
Oxford  circuit : — 

.  London^  March  5, 18S3* 

Sir  ^-^I  presume  to  address  you 
at  ImAot  of  the  Oxford  cireuit,  to 
state  what  periiaps  may  have  d- 
leady  come  to  your  kniowledfle-^ 

Vol.  LXV.  . 


m)r  wish  and  iattentiovto  join  thit 
body!  As  I  know  this  step  is  not 
a  usual  one,  at  my  standing  at  the 
bar,  I  feel  it  due  to  you  and  the 
other  gentlemen  of  the  circuit,  to 
inform  you  of  the  motives  which 
have  induced  me  to  adopt  it.  I 
have  lately  succeeded  to  some  small 
landed  property  in  the  county  of 
Worcester,  and  it  is  my  wish  to 
reside  upon  it,  which  I  find  I  can- 
not accomplish,  and  continue  on 
the  Home  (a  distant)  circuit ;  for 
if  I  continue  there,  I  shall  never 
be  able  to  reach  home  until  the 
month  of  August,  after  the  sum- 
mer circuit;  imd  perhaps  not  for 
a  single  day  in  the  spring.  Under 
these  circumstances,  I  must  eiUier 
abandon  a  place  to  which  1  am 
much  attached,  or  change  my  cir- 
cuit for  the  Oxford.  I  am  making 
a  considerable  pecuniary  sacrifice 
by  the  change,  which  rq)ds  the 
presumption  of  any  capricious  or 
mercenary  motives ;  being,  indee4> 
only  actuated  by  a  wish  to  increase 
my  domestic  comfixrts  in  my  new 
arrangements.  I  have  .deemed  k 
ri^t  thus  to  apmise  you  of  my 
Jn^entioa,  and  the  reason  of  i^ 
trusting  that  you  and  the  other 
gentlemen  of  the  circuit  will  not 
object  to  receive  me  into  your  so- 
ciety. I  remain,  your's, 
T.  Jervis,  esq.  J.  Cubwoiw^ 
WoTcnttr,  March  10,  1895. 

Dear  Sir; — I  have  taken  the 
earliest  opportunity  of  lajrins  your 
letter  to  me  of  the  5th  inst.  befote 
the  members  of  the  Oxford  circuit, 
and  have  it  in  command  from  that 
body  to  trannnit  you  the  fbUowing 
answer  thereto : — <<  At  a  gcnenS 
meeting  of  the  Oxford  circuit,  a»< 
semUed  at  Worcester  on  the  10th 
of  March,  1823,  Mr.  Jervis  having 
communicated  to  the  members  of 
this  circuit,  now  assembled  at  the 
jejoKuit  table,  a  letter  of  the  5tk 

£ 


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ANNUAL    REQISTER.      .  [ms. 


inst  from  Mr.  Curwood  to  him, 
intimating  Us  intention  of  joining 
the  Oxford  ciicuit,  the  same  was 
taken  into  consideration ;  when  it 
was  resolved  unanimously,  that^ 
considering  the  standing  of  Mr. 
Curwood  at  the  har,  and  the 
length  of  time  that  he  has  been  a 
member  of  another  circuit,  the 
'  members  of  the  Oxford  circuit 
cannot,  for  the  reasons  sbated  in 
Mr.  Curwood's  letter,  consistentlj 
with  the  known  rules  of  the  prc^- 
fesnon,  consent  to  receive  him  as  a 
member  of  their  body;  and  that 
Mr.  Jervis,  as  the  senior  member 
of  this  circuit,  be  requested  to  sig^ 
nify  this  resolution  to  Mr.  Cup- 
wooi'^  I  have  the  honour  to  be, 
uearSzr,  jour  obedient  servant, 

J.  Curwood,  esq.  T.  JsRVis. 
Worcener,  March  11, 18S3. 

Dear  Sir ; — ^This  morning  I  r^ 
edved  the  letter,  which  you  did 
me  the  honour  to  address  to  me, 
in  reply  .to  one  to  you  on  the  sub^ 
j«et  of  my  intention  of  joining  the 
Oxford  circuit,  and  in  which  yon 
transmit  to  me  the  resolution  of 
tile  eircttii  upon  that  matter.  By 
the  copy  of  that  resolution  it  ap- 
pears, it  was  resolved  unanimously, 
**  that,  oonsidmnff  my  standing  at 
llie  bar,  and  the  length  of  time  1 
have  been  a  member  of  another 
dreuit,  the  Oxford  drooit  cannot, 
for  thfe  reasons  stated  in  my  letter, 
eonsistenthr  vnth  the  known  rules 
<tf  ^e  proression,  consent  to  receive 
me  as  a  member  of  their  body." 
As  a  iNfeliminary  observation,  I 
must  express  my  surprise,  that  such 
a  leiolution  should  have  been  un». 
mmoiiftly  adopted ;  because  to  se^ 
teral  of  the  members  of  the  0»- 
Ibrd  circuit,  whom  I  saw  in  court, 
and  who,  I  presume,  formed  a  part 
of  ^llie  table  which  joined  in  that 
lesolution,  I  had  long  ago,  and  on 
tmaf  acoaaions,  in  Westminstep- 


hidl,  stated  my  intention,  and  the 
reasonii  for  it  as  given  to  you  in 
my  lest  letter,  and  who  piefefted 
to  me,  timt  they  thought  those  tea- 
sons  sufficient  and  satismietiKy. 
/Indeed,  it  is  now  above  tw^v^ 
months  sin(»  I  first  made  know^ 
my  intentions,  and  bnt  from  one 
man  did  I  hear  an  objection  to  il,  o<i 
the  ground  of  vic^ting  «iy  pro- 
fessional rule.  He  had  the  frank- 
ness to  teU  me,  that  he  thought  it 
would  be  irregular,  and  if  asked^ 
Would  state  such  to  be  liis  opinion. 
As  his  vote  is  consistent  with  Mb 
avowed  opixdon,  I  will  name  WA 
•—Mr.  Campbell.  Bnt  to  the  more 
important  matter:  the  resohitiott 
states,  that  tiie  members  of  tiie 
Oxford  circuit  cannot  admit  n^ 
because  my  diange  of  ciircuit,  under 
the  cireumstimces,  is  inoonsiBtent 
vnth  the  known  rules.  This,  inr, 
is  putting  the  matter  upon  a  tihoit 
and  dear  issue.  If  I  have  violated 
any  known  rule  of  the  prtrfesoon, 
I  deserve  reprehension,  whether  I 
have  done  it  in  ignorance  or  nof, 
fbr  1  ought  not,  at  my  standing,  to 
be  ignorant  of  any  known  pnwW" 
skmal  rule;  biit  if  tJiere  be  ft 
known  rule,  it  must  be  a  oettdn 
nde,  I  presume,  tnd  not  suUect  to 
Ae  arbitrary  oonstihiction  cn  those 
who  may  be  interested  parde^^  I 
tieed  har^  recall  to  your  itntid 
what  is  said  by  a  great  master  of 
our  profesnon,  of  the  miserable 
state  of  those  ihi  jns  est  vagum  a^ 
incognitum. 

Is  there,  then,  any  known  cer- 
tain rule?  If  so,  where  is  it  to  he 
found?  It  must  be  either  informed 
recotded  resolutions  of  the  profes- 
sion, in  precedent,  or  in  genetsl 
undeHstanding.  I  did  not  adopt 
the  step  I  have  taken  hastily*  1 
made  every  inquiry  as  to  the  rule  j 
•recorded  resolutions  I  could  ita» 
-none;  precedent^,  of  course,  <»»- 


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CHRONICLE, 


51 


hot  Be  many^  tettufteiur  nUB»,  who 

has  ac^uiiad  biuinesa  m  at»  eb- 

cuit^  wiQabaftion  h  to  Ugin  a^piin 

in  another^  UMkte»  he  hag  moUires 

fixan  other  cacoaes  oul  of  the  pro- 

kaaatk,  to  which  he  looka  iof  ooa^ 

penaatiQii  for  his  loss;   but  with 

xeapect  to  kng^  of  standiM  at 

the  bar,  I  can  state  one  pfocaaent 

on  the  home  otrcmt  (with  whose 

history  I    am   best    aoguainted). 

Sergeant  Kempe  came  from  the 

weatem  to  the  home  dxcoit^  and 

at  dnoe  took  the  lead  of  it.    I  have 

also  beard,  that  lord  Loug^boroudi 

first  went  the  ndrthenx^  ^£tet  he 

had  obtmned  a  silk  gown.    With 

lemct  to  general  underatandinfe 

I  &und  the  rule  to  be  so  varioiisfy 

midcrstood»  that  I  could  amve  at 

BO  oortain  conclosion*    With,  some 

it  was  undentood  to  be  an  ahsoiute 

light   to    change    once -^others 

thought)  that  aaj  changejn  a  man's 

o«ni.  peculiar  ciKcumatanoes  was  a 

MiflhikuL  jostifieation.       That  a 

ain  has  a  ri^t  to  change  his  cm* 

evit,  has  been  a  thing  so  often 

doQj^  that  no  one  doubt  can  exist 

updn  tlie  understood  right  in  tba 

i^stxact,  but  at  what  standing,  ok 

nnder   what   circumstances,    are 

wholly  undefined,  or  at  Ittist  as 

Inr  as  I  can  learn.    The  cmly  oon^ 

ehsion  I  could  eome  te,  was  one 

as  stated  by  a  gentleman  of  lank 

on  this  dxcuit,  wImi,  on  speaking 

to  me  on  the  mb^ect,   obseweC 

'*^  that  in  his  opiraon,  it  was  en- 

tiiely  amatter  of  feeling,  to  be  de- 

eidedon  the  peculiar  droamatances 

of  each  individual  case."      It  was 

ugan  this  last  principle,  that    I 

acted:  I  felt  I  was  not  influenced 

hy    any    unwoBthy    motives,    ox 

taUng  advantage  of.  any  peoulias 

cireumstances  in  the  circuit,  against 

tile  junior  members  of  it;    and 

although  I  heme  I  shall  ever  be 

qpen  to  conviction  if  I  am  in  error, 


jffit  if  it  be  a  oQMaon  to  be  decided 
t^nooneot  ieelbiff,  IshaUalways 
fed,  decide,  and.ulomatcdy  act  ^ 
myself.  I  will  not  condescend  to 
make  ptofiissions  of  the  purity  o£ 
my  motives;  I  bolUy  iqppeal  to 
the  vi^hoi»  conduct  of  my  past  life, 
private  and  pmlbsriimal,  as  a 
voueher  for  d^  Roundness  of  my 
intentions;  and  if  it  becomes  a 
question  between  me  and  others^ 
as  to  the  corieetnte  of  theae  M^ 
ings,  or  that  conduct,  general  opi* 
nkm  must  decide  between  us.  I 
have  thus,  sir,  gone  more  into  daik 
tail  of  the  qoestion  between  me 
and  theOxraddrouit.  If  thett 
be  any  known  rule  as.  the  resolu** 
turn  asserts,  I  shall  sot  pKCswDa 
to  infringe  it ;  but  I  wish  to  ooov^ 
to  the  gentlemen  of  the  circuit 
send  my  most  anxieus  widi  is  to  do 
it  in  manner  and  language  as  le* 
speotful  as  any  body  of  gehtkawtt 
pan  le^iuisa  fiom  en  wu^>  that  I 
wiU  not  abandon,  bet  ormly  main* 
tain,  a  right  for  myself  and  4»dMit 
who  may  be  in  like  cirGumstapees 
hereafter,  until  theasserted  known 
rule  of  the  profession  isdistinot]^ 
proved  to  exist.  1  am  fi^trf^mtiLf 
sorry,  that  you  should  be  the 
ohsnnel  of  what,  to  me,  is  n 
painful  onmmunication,  but,  trust* 
mg  to  your  polite  attention  and 
former  friendship  for  pardon,  be« 
Ueve  me^  sir,  ever  yourli  req>eet* 
{ulfy*,,  J.  CvBmooB* 

To  T.  Jervis,  esq. 

Stsfibid,  Marah  14, 1808. 

Siry— I  have  U^  honour  .to  oom* 
munioate  to  you  the  following  re* 
sohiikm  of  llie  Oaford  circuit  :-^ 
'^  At  a  meeting  of  the  Oiderd  drw 
enk,  holden  at  Staffind,  at  the  cir- 
cuit table,  on  the  14th  Mardi,  it 
was  unanimously  reiolved,  thai 
the  members  df  thiseiicuit,  having 
ecmsidered  the  answer  oi  Mr.  Cur-* 
wood  to  Mr.  J^ris's  letter^  see  dp 

E  2 


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ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[182S. 


jreaMm  for  reoedinff  from  the  re- 
solution paraed  at  WoroeBter>  and 
therefore  cannot  reoogniae  Mr. 
Curwood  as  a  member  of  this  cir- 
cuit"  I  have  the  honour  to  b^ 
iir,  your  obedient  servant, 

T.  Jbbvib. 

To.  J.  Curwood,  esq. 

Stafibrd,  March  15, 18tS. 

Dear  Sir;  I  have  been  in  doubt, 
whether  I  ou§^t  to  reply  to  your 
note,  conveying  to  me  we  last  reso- 
lution oi  Uie  Oxford  circuit,  in 
answer  to  my  second  letter.  Upon 
the  best  judgment  I  can  form,  I 
think  it  is  due  to  you,  sir,  to  state 
my  feelings  on  the  subject.  I  cer- 
tainly  expected,  that  in  a  case 
where  it  was  matter  of  contro- 
versy, as  to  the  existence,  extent, 
and  applicability  of  an  alle^ 
professional  rule,  the  question 
should  have  been  properly  re- 
ferred to  the  profession  at  lai^, 
or  to  the  seniors  of  each  circuit ; 
but,  as  the  Oxfozd  circuit  them- 
selves, beinp  parties,  choose  also  to 
be  judges  in  their  own  cause,  I 
cannot  implicitly  bow  to  their  de- 
cision. I  shall,  therefore,  myself, 
next  Term,  submit  the  correspon- 
dence between  us  to  the  members 
of  the  pn^ession  at  large,  and 
shall  regulate  my  conduct  accord- 
ing to  their  judgment,  as  far  as 
I  can  collect  it 

I  do  not  address  this  letter  to 
the  circuit,  and  I  trust  yqfx  will 
believe  me,  when  I  say  it  is  meant 
as, a  mark  of  respectful  attention 
towards  yourself.  With  much  re- 
gret, that  you  should  have  had, 
what  I  know  you  have  felt  to  be, 
an  unpleasant  professional  duty 
between  me  and  the  circuit,  b^ 
lieve  me,  sincerely  yours,  with 
great  respect  J.  Cubwood. 
T.  Jervis,  esq. 

My  dear  Sir ; — I  have  perused 
with  great  pain  the  correspondence 


between  you  and  Mr.  Jervis.*.  I 
am  certainly  not  aware  of  any 
known  rule  on  the  suUect  of 
changing  the  circuit,  and  I  csa 
truly  say,  that  I  should  not  have 
thought  it  objectionable  for  a  gen- 
tleman, situated  as  you  are,  to 
change  from  the  Oidford  or  any 
other  circuit  to  the  home.  I  ami 
dear  rir,  ever  yours. 

A.  Onslow. 

April  17, 1623. 

20.   RUBSIAN  ENCBOACHMBNTft 

— (FfWfi  the  "  BotUm  Senliner^ 
this  date). — Information  has  bem 
received  that  the  biig  Pearl,  of 
Boston,  has  arrived  at  the  Sand- 
wich Islands,  from  the  northpweit 
coast,  having  been  ordered  off  VT 
the  Russian  officer  commanding  at 
Norfolk  Sound.  After  leaving  the 
port,  the  Pearl  was  boarded  by  the 
Russian  frigate  Apollo,  and  docu- 
ments were  pres^ted  to  her  c^ 
tain,  ^^}^nng  the  Russian  cu^ 
of  exclusive  jurisdiction  to  ext^ 
to  latitude  51  N.  on  the  N.  W. 
coast  of  America,  northward  « 
Behring's  Straits,  and  thence  to 
ktitude  47.  5a  N.  on  the  coait  rt 
Japan;  and  that  all  vessels,  w 
whatever  nation,  found  within 
100  Italian  miles  of  those  extca- 
sive  limits  (except  in  cases  o» 
actual  distiess)  will  be  subject  to 
confiscation;  national  vessels  nw 
excepted.  The  Apollo  was  ^out 
to  despatch  vessds,  and  also  to 
jHXJceed  down  the  coast,  for  tfie 
purpose  of  ordering  all  vessels  off. 
Two  other  krge  Russian  »"j^ 
were  on  their  way  to  the  coast- 
It  has  been  often  mentioned,  tw* 
Russian  ships  had  sailed  for  ttie 
north-west  coast  to  carry  into  ex- 
ecution the  arbitrary  ukase,  v^ 
the  above  is  the  first  in&nnaw^^ 
received  of  its  actual  execution  py 
a  Russian  force.  ^      .  - 

21.  The    New  York   Evemng 


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CHRONICLE. 


53 


Post  of  this  4ftte  contains  a  long 
correspondence  between  the  Ame- 
ncBn  oonnnodore  Pofter,  and  the 
eonunandant  kA  Porto  Rioo^  on  the 
vabject  of  ^e  death  of  lieutenant 
KMktj  commanding  the  American 
schooner  Fox^  who  was  lulled  bys 
discharge  of  a  cannon  nom  Fort 
Moro^  while  persisting  to  enter  the 
port,  after  aprerious  discharge  with 
m  blank  cartridge  to  prevent  him. 
The  commandimty  who  was  absent 
at  the  time,  attributes  die  rigorous 
execution  of  a  positive  order  by 
ilie  second  in  command  to  tiie 
alarms  excited  by  ^e  previous 
bncaneering  expedition  against  the 
iAmdy  firom  an  American  port, 
under  tiie  command  of  the  adven« 
turer  Ducodray  Holstein,  as  well 
as  to  rumours  of  other  intended 
de8%Bs  against  Porto- Rico.  Com- 
modore Porter  is  veiy  lofty  in  his 
«xpo6talfttion,  and  Ihto  Spanish 
commander  very  depreealory. 

KiNo'0  Bbnoh.  —  ^ovdfti  V. 
Tmtgood^^Tht  qnesllen  in  this 
case  was,  whedier  a  chorister  in 
^  diapel  of  the  P^ntugeese  am- 
bassador, residue  in  a  house  se- 
parate from  that  of  the  embassy, 
felting  part  of  his  house  to  ledgers, 
and  engaged  as  prompter  «t  the 
Opoa-honse,  and  as  a  teacher  of 
hmgua0M>  has  a  ri^t  of  action,  if 
his  goMs  are  distramed  fer  ratos^ 
taxe^y  or  rent. 

Mr.  £.  Lawes  urged,  tittt  tiro 
privileges  never  extended  to  any 
goods  but  tiiooe  of  tiie  embassy, 
and  that  tiie  seisure  of  the 
phintiflTs  property  could  not  de- 
prive him  of  the  abili^  to  pei6»m 
his  accustomed  teties.  Tlieir  loss 
would  not  a£bct  his  voice,  nor  in- 
iore  has  musical  skUL  It  would 
be  perfectly  monstrous,  if  a  person 
in  such  a  capacity  could  take 
houses  apart  from  tiie  ambassador, 
let  them  to  lodgers,  and  then  evade 


tiie  payment  of  rent  and  taxes,  on 
the  pretext  that  the  rights  of  tiie 
ambassador  rendered  his  property 
as  well  as  penon  invic^te. 

Mr.  Campbell,  in  reply,  con- 
tended, that  no  distinction  had  yet 
been  taken  between  the  perM 
and  tiie  goods  of  a  perscm  attached 
to  the  ambassador's  suite.  If  the 
property  of  a  person  in  the  con- 
Mnioe  of  the  ambassador  were 
aobject  to  process,  the  deqMtehes 
from  his  court,  and  the  drsMes  ap- 
pointed for  Ids  suite,  Mfiht  be 
taJtonrby  the  riieriff  of  Middlesex, 
yrhetk  immedialeiy  requisite  for  tiie 
purposes  of  tiM  embassy. 

The  Court  gave  jutenent  for 
tiM  defendant  on  this  sin^e  ground, 
Aat  the  privilege  daim^  was  neit 
at  bU  essential  to  the  performance 
of  those  services,  whieh  the  plaintiff 
was  bound  to  render.  They  would 
sustain  Ijie  privileges  of  an  am- 
bassador, sofruras  they  could  eon- 
tribute  to  his  convenience,  con- 
abruing  tiwt  convemenoe  in  regard 
to  his  rank,  his  office,  and  his  re- 
ligion ;  but  it  was  the  privilege  of 
t&  ambassador,  not  <i  the  ser- 
vant ;  and  it  was  kapossible  that 
any  ambassador  could  donre,  tiMt 
a  person,  engased  oocarionally  to 
aferdhim  c^s&  assistance,  should 
protect  hims^  from  Habilky  to 
contribute  to  the  support  of  the 
revenue,  or  to  the  burtiiens  of  the 
parish  in  which  he  resided.  Sudi 
a  construction  would  be  contrary 
to  every  principle  of  the  law ;  the 
ambassador  could  sufer  nolldngby 
the  seisure  of  these  goods  und^ 
process  of  law,  and  tiwrefore  a 
wmsuit  must  be  entered,  as  the 
I^aintdff  had  no  ground  of  action. 

S5.  AomBAiiTr  Sbsbiokb  — 
Old  Baikbt. — Marinel  Krans, 
aged  87;  Carle  Kalke>  80;  Jan 
Schmidt,  81 ;  Jacob  Robileau,  26; 
Jaa  Lammpe,  88;  Martin  Kape, 


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H 


ANVVAt    RKOISTER. 


Jepnor^  8d ;  Jtti  de  Fnes^  26 1 
V^dlui  M«ree«  32 ;  Kiest  MdiaMw^ 
24;  Keiftdiiek  de  Bwgiiew  ^Sj 
Jankd^FNiiqlibei^Sli;  JooaMian 
Vaddykf^  M;  Jan  Cvat^  5^; 
H^idri<»  AUempD,  2i^i  Ja^  d^ 
FseoAvk,  16;  Comeliui  R^jmfi% 
^;  Abwm  de  MqUoaarft  24; 
John  Haoiaea,  27;  Wiltian 
D«a^j;erfield,  IS;  all  stated  to  be 
juaUvea  of  Flushing,  Middkbiu^ 
and  Tre&w>  and  by  profeaRoa 
fishermen  and  manner^^  vmte  put 
t9  the  bar  on  an  indictment  oon^ 
fisting  (^  12eountii»  the  prindyal 
charging  Uie  ptiflomafs  with  nudi* 
4iou2y  shooting  into  the  Badger, 
a  vessel  in  the  service  of  his  nMM 
jest's  custoni#»  off  Duogenesl^ 
ywithia  fourteen  leagues  of  ^ 
county  of  Kent,  on  the  13th  of 
January  lagt,  and  kiUing  Jnmsj 
Hmpw  and  Wm.  Cullvm  oSoen 
of  his  mi^esty's  eustoms* 
.  All  die  frisenen^  ex«ept  ikm 
first sut  pleadedin  &iglalh>  which 
lanyiage  they  ayfienred  telemtilir 
well  acipiaintfd  uriUu 

Whflti  the  case  for  the  proseMH 
ticm  WBB  Gk)sed>  the  prisoneiBi  on 
being  called  apon  for  their  defeaec^ 
saidy  they  would  leave  it  to  theix 
#0iinsel;  with  the  excaption  of 
Reynas  and  A«  Molinaar>  who 
hafiaded  in  written  pfq^ars.  JBe&ce 
these  wese  r^^  however,    . 

Dr*  lAuhiagton  rose  to  offer 
^bjeotioiis  in  pssnt  of  law  to  the 
F<BBenjt  pirooeeding;  contending^ 
that  the  Badger  had  no  ii|^ 
whatever  to  search  the  vessel  in 
%uesta0n»  and  that  the  attack  made 
hy  the  fomer  was  UlegBlf  flaid«oft 
authorised  by  «ny  eaustifl^  atatntd. 
.  Mr.  Justice  PaiiL  said,  that  it 
was  the  intention  of  the  Court  to 
ves^rve  these  points  finr  the  oon^ 
aideration  of  U^  twelve  jud^Bs^ 

26.  At  ten  o'clock  the  Coun  sat 


and  proceeded  on  liie  Uia)«  Mr. 
Justice  Pari^  ashed  Mr.  Brou^iam 
(in  the  absence  <i£  Dr.  LM^ing- 
ton),  whether  he  wished  to  have 
two  papers^  put  ia  1^  Dr.  Lush* 
ington,  readJ^^^r-  Broughatt  re« 
p&d  in  the  affirmative.  The 
papers  w^re  aoaordii^g^y  psad*.  The 
first  was  a  de£9nee  adteessed  to 
the  Court  by  Beytnas^  statiM  that 
he  was  em^doyed  on  board  the 
Four  Brothers  as  pilot«n  thedagr 
of  the  engagemcttt^  and  took  n« 
part  in  it.  The  second  was  from 
Exeam,  aaaster  of  the  Four  Bm^ 
ther»»  and  slated^  that  the  Fenr 
Bn>theis  beloi^ged  to  Fludiing,  aiid 
that  he  was  directed  l^  theitiartar 
to  land  theeafgo  on  theooaat  of 
Spain.  It  denied  the  right  «f 
Fngland  to  bpog  a  Dutdi  Tassel 
t%  on  the  Ingh  seas  in  time  of 
peaofi  or  that  any  law  made  in  thia 
fowtryoeuldbiodtba^ttitiects  «f 
another  oounlry;  andaskdL«H^ 
posing  the  Fxmh  to  have  made  a 
sttOilar  hkWt  weuid  the  BngiiA 
Mbnittoit? 

J[ohn  BeEfti>.Witnoss  is  a  shsp« 
brokeri  wdll  acrpiainleA  widi  thd 
Dutch  language  and  «hi|p'^  PifW! 
the  papers  pr^aed  0"*  in  niia»t 
her)  were  dw  n^^uhic  piq[wrs  cf  a 
Dutch  ihi|^  the  nlfntinafifl  atatad 
that  the  Four  Brotbart  was  beiwd 
toFennL 

James  Lowes.  —  Witoeas  is  a 
ship-builder  at  Fhishing;  hebnilt 
the  Four  Brothen;  she  war 
bunched  last Ootobw;  heaoldher 
to  Mr.  Inglebart,  a  Dutchman^ 
who  lives  with  hia  family  at  Mid^ 
dlebuig;  pcov^  the  roocdpta  He 
gave  for  the  priee  nf .  the  vessel ; 
after  he  ecdd  the  Four  Brothers^ 
Krana  and  Carl  Kelke  ngged  hnr* 

On  his  crosanwaminatiovb  ho 
said.he  livdL  35  years aA  Saad^tCj 
and  knew  Jeaepb  Welk,  who  ia 
nnw  called  AeynMs>  andoneof  the 
prisoners. 


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Ahw] 


O  B  RO  N  re  L  £/ 


K 


BowiBg  SetleiJagwNi«Bnmifted 
thmigh  on  interpreter*— WitneM 
|»  a  native  of  Middkburg,  and 
BMicihant ti^n.  Mr.  Ingletetis 
a  merchant  tlieie>  and  a  natiTC* 
Knows  tke  Tetael  called  tfie  Four 
Bffotben:  acaiije  of  tobaeoo^  gin 
and  tea,  was  dnppedon  boaxdSei! 
in  January  last,  by  nMrchaats  ef 
the  firm  of  Muidn  and  Co.,  ona^ 
third  on  aooonnt  of  witness.  She 
deared  out  for  Feioe^  a  Damsh 
island;  but  her  veal  destinatum  was 
Family    Poftugal.     Ovdtfn  *weftr 

f'lven  to  the  master  to^psooeed  to 
^nrtugal,  and  a  letter  was  gtvea 
him,  to  be  d^veCed  to  a  honn 
IbflR^  winch  letter  eontained  di- 
rections to  sell  the  offgo  andseoA 
the  amount  1^  the  oa|Mn  in  cash. 
Oiaotioiisweiia given  to  theooaaster 
to  take  a  pilot,  as  he  w^  net  enfti' 
ficacntly  aaiyaintpd- with  the  dttUH 
ael.  Witness  saw  Mr.  IngMmrtoA 
the  15tk  of  thaa  months  at  Middlo-^ 
hofg ;  be  was  veiy  ill»  ^to  ^ma^ 
Uet^eomatotinsqamtrj.  Wk^ 
mm  frodueed  the  wrois^  ef  die 
cargo,  xeoeiTed  from  Minlb  and 
Cowfbf  wbaaikwaMhioped.  He 
faidfarhsaowa  thiaiof  th^eaigo 
to  Li|^labeft« 

^ritMBB  flsid^  b0  had  dealt  in 
iniBtaaitd  tebUboe  tor  90  jFears: 
uuTOed  spirits  in  small  casks  and 
battksy  oftd  tdbaeco  in  small 
parcels.  Tha^^veasds  in  these  casetf 
wet^  mtmet  sent  to  Rn^nd  or 
Ireland,  nor  the  cargoes  mtendad 
to  be  smugged  into  England  or 
Iidandi 

Van  Oldanbeok,  eraminad 
Ihioa^  the  intsQireter«-4iyes  at 
Flnshmg,  l^eps  a  lodcing-bouaei 
an4  k  a  carpenter^  has  hnown 
Cornelius  Reymas  sevian  ^reais  who 
lives  in  iPlushing  vHtth  lus  family, 
•bd:  is  known  these  bgr  the  Mnae  of 
Joe  WiUr;  iUofa  bim  an  Eng* 


t 


ha  gets  hu  lining  as  a 
;  knows  CusingwasasslU 
maker  in  Flushing,  aiuL  oamafirom 
Ostdnd ;  as  &r  as  witness  knows, 
both  Cusiags  are  Englishmen; 
the  le^ster  of  baptism  was  kept 
in  the  to«n*housa  of  Ffaahmgr 
whiohwas  burned  to  thegKnd 
by  bombaidment ;  knows  Abram 
deMolinaar,  the  prisoner,  heisn 
native  of  Fhidnng;  the  prisdnar, 
Bobileau,  is  a  Dutchman ;  nevat 
hoard  him  ^neak  any  otber  lan- 
guage; Sohnadt  is  also  A  Dntsh 
sailor;  his  fiidier  was  an  English* 
mtn,  but  livedttt  FfanUng:  knows 
ICiettdeMdinaBr;  heisanaliaa 
af  Fludung;  has  known  one  of 
the  prisontts  by  te  name  of  Witts, 
seven  or  ei|^  yean;  his  £itlMV 
lived  at  Fluduns  28  y«nn  ago, 
and  had  diildrmnving  with' ' 
be  was  an  Bngtishwan. 

Cannd  Goniadi^Witness  ia  m 
aeasnan  living  at  FksUng,  of 
wbi<A  be  is  a  native;  h0  has  knowB 
ioa  Wills  £»r  yw^;  be  ia  si 
sailor  asidft  buii^ of  FbaUag^ 
htfviqg  a  i^ifb  and  haikf  IMag 
thera.  HaakBownTfaodMsCnsing 
in  Fhtthing  ei^  or  ten  yean. 
His  onnd&ther  was  a  srift-faakar 
in  Fhidiing. 

Sarah  Curtis,  eramiwed  by  Mr/ 
Ibauglm.  -^  Is  an  Esisriidi 
wcn»n;  lived  in  Flaabing tlioBft 
£9  years;  msmed  Abraham  da 
Molinaar,  the  AAat  of  Kieat  dn 
MoUaaar,  the  priaooBr,  who  is  her 
son;  he  wasbomatFlushin&and. 
b«onght>up  to  the  aaB»  smdMlowed 
itevnraiaee. 

Bidmdl  Witts  ttvas  in  FottoaK 
<ta«e:  issonof  Richard  Will9,o£ 
Fdkastme,  who  was  a  muinerf 
remembers  his  mother  gmng  to 
HoUaiid  with  his  fs^ier.  AVitness 
was  then  cig^  years  M ;  bis  mo- 
ther bmuf^t  a  yoittig  son  with  her 
on  her  return ;  witoBss  identified 


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Ihe  piMBer  Ecynas  ai  his  iNxUher, 
wbo  was  then  brought  ta  Engknd 
hy  his  oM^ther. 

IsabeUa  Walls  enmined.-— Geo/ 
Wdibj  her  faushmdy  was  an  invaHd 
on  board  the  Severn ;  in  Jamisr^ 
die  attended  him.  The  wounded 
men  ham  the  Four  Broilers  were 
hnnig^t  on  board.  One  of  them, 
who  has  since  died,  raved  very 
much ;  it  was  mostly  in  a  foreigo 


ianiel  Milton  lives  At  Folke* 
stone.  The  prisoner  called  VolKn 
Maree  is  his  son^  and  was  bom  in 
Flushii^  in  the  year  1789 ;  wit- 
ness lived  there  at  the  time  for  four 
years.  Witness  came  home  in  the 
year  1790;  after  which  £ng|ancl 
was  the  nruonei^s  home. 

Ann  Boxer  lives  at  FoDcestone. 
Hanoock  Allister,  the  prisoner^  i» 
herson^  and  was  bom  at  Ostend 
abo«t  40jean  ego ;  hbr  husband 
was  a  seaman,  and  she  at  that 
tone  stayed  in  Ostend  four  18 
months,  dotiBg  which  time  her 
husband  sailed  from  l3utt  port. 

On  her  csosi  eramination,  Ae 
9aid  she  xetnmed  to  fins^and  when 
her  son  was  six  months  eld;  he 
had  been  baptised  at  Folkestone, 
where  he  lived  ever  since,  exc^ 
when  at  sea. 

Wm.  Boflcer  proved^  that  he  was 
master  of  a  vessel  in  the  year  1788; 
the  Ihther  of  the  prisoner  Boxer 
was  one  of  Uie sailors;  he  took  his 
wife  to  Ostend  in  that  year,  where 
she  lived  for  some  time. 

Thomas  SmaHl  was  a  quarter- 
master on  board  the  Sev«m  in  Ja- 
nuary; saw  Vanness,  who  was  de- 
ranged before  he  died,  and  raved 
sometimes  in  £nglish,  and  some« 
times  in  Dutch. 

Mr.  Brougham  mentioned  to  the 
Court,  that  the  counsel  for  the  de- 
fence had  now  closed  the  evidence 
pn  national  character* 


Alter  some  conversation  amongst 
the  counsel  for  the  proeecutionj 
Mr.  Nasan  was  called  up  and  exa- 
mined by  Mr.  Justice  Pazk.->-The 
Badger  was  9  or  10  miles  from  the 
coast  of  France  when  thejr  fitst  saw 
the  Four  Brot^iers,  and  IS  or  14 
leagues  off  the  Englidi  coast  when 
she  came  up  with  her ;  the  Four 
Brothers  was  notatthat  t]me,whi]0 
in  his  view,  nearer  the  coast  of 
France  than  9  or  10  miles. 

•— --  Fo^lewell  stated,  that 
when  tiie  Four  Brothers  was  fint 
seen,  she  was  about  three  or  four 
leagues  from  the  Frendi  coast; 
she  was  at  no  time  neai^. 

James  Harper  and  Charles  Brett 
conoborated  diis  ftucL 

The  defence  proceeded. 

■ ''  FoQche  examined.  ■  Is  a 
Ueuteoant  of  the  French  customs 
at  Marlemont;  he  saw  the  en* 
gagement  between  die  two  vesa^ 
on  the  evening  of  liie  18th  of  Ja^ 
nuary,  about  eight  o'dctek;*  they 
vrere  about  tme  league' fvovn  tim 
shore;  he  made  a  report  to  hie 
chief  the  day  after. 

Maree  de  Mmiton  saw  two  ves« 
sels  near  the  French  coast  on  the 
18th  of  January ;  they  were  idxmt 
oneleague  distant  from  Marlemont; 
^y  fired  at  each  other:  heoonld 
not  SQB  wheUier  they  had  celouia 
flying. 

Mr.  Justice  Park  i^arged  the 
jury,  and  reeapitulated  <the  whole 
of  the  evidence.-  There  were  two 
things  which,  if  found,  would 
entitle  the  prisoners  to  acquittal ; 
the  first  was,  that  no  part  of  the 
vessel,  which  the  prisoners  navi- 

Sted,  bdonged  to  any  subject  of 
I  majesty ;  the  other,  ^mt  one 
haUT  the  crew  were  not  liis  ma- 
jesty's subjects.  For  if  nei^r  of 
these  faets  existed,  his  majesty^e 
ship  had  no  riaht  to  fire  at  their 
vessel:-  but  tf  the  jury  bdieved 


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CHRONICLE. 


69 


tbtt  eiiter  any  part  of  tlte  vessel 
was  Briddi  propertyy  or  that  one- 
half  of  her  crew  were  British  sub* 
ieetSy  then  his  majesty^s  ship  the 
Badger,  under  the  circumstances 
that  had  been  proved,  being  on  her 
duty,  and  &ving  her  prqier 
coloan  flying  was  justified  in 
boarding  thenr  vessel;  and  their 
malii^  resistanoe,  by  firing  at  the 
'Btdger,  was  a  capital  ofiience.  The 
reason  for  which  the  evidence  re- 
qiectinff  the  distance  of  the  vessds 
from  ue  French  coast  had  been 
given  was,  became,  by  the  law  of 
nations^  the  ships  of  war  of  any 
power  are  notpemdtted  to  attack, 
in  a  hostile  manner,  any  vessels 
within  one  league  of  the  coast  of 
any  other  power  in  time  of  peace ; 
but  Ae  evidence  gii^en  on  that 
poiiit  could  not  leave  any  doubt  on 
tiie  miiids  of  the  jury,  that  the 
Teisds  were  more  than  a  league 
diaUnt  fram  the  French  coast  at 
the  time  the  Badger  required  the 
Four  Brethers  to  eome  to,  and 
could  not  form  any  justification  of 
the  conduct  of  the  prisoners.  Hii 
loiMup  made  sevml  obaervatiotis 
cm  the  e^rideaioe  given  to  prove, 
that  a  ma^rity  of  the  prisoners 
weva  Efl^ah  subjeots,  which,  in 
his  opinion,  ^leat^  preponderated 
ovnr  tbat  whidi  had  been  produced 
to  prove  the  converse  of  ^hat  feet 
He  condnded  by  directing  the 
jofy  to  find  a  speoal  verdict  upon 
the  pokits  he  Ind  mentioned. 

*  la  answer  to  a  question  from  a 
jtttar,  •    • 

Mr.  Justice  Park  said,  that  perw 
scms  bom  in  ^ns  country  of  foreign 
pMentB  were  «iearly  amenable  to 
the  laws  of  Enifland. 

I4»d  StowelL — ^  And  the  same 
nay  be  said  of  the  children  of 
British  parents  bom  in  other  coun-^ 
tries.  They  owe  an  allegiance 
to  the  parent  slate,  and  are  also 


amenable  to  the  laws  of  the  coun- 
try in  wMch  they  reside." 

At  five  o'clock  the  jury  retired, 
and  having  deliberated  fijr  two 
hours,  returned  a  verfict  of  N6t 
Ouiliv,  for  all  the  prisoners ;  find- 
ing that  the  ship  and  cargo  ^citJ 
wMly  fiMfeign  property,  and  that 
more  than  one-half  of  the  crew 
were  fordgners.  The  announce- 
ment of  the  verdict  was  neceived 
with  shouts  of  approbation  by  the 
crowd  assembled  m  the  court-yard. 

The  prisoners  were  then  given 
in  charge  to  the  jury  on  an  indict- 
ment for  murder,  for  which  a  WH 
had  been  fbuhd  in  consequence  of 
one  of  the  Badser^s  crew  (GuUtiin) 
hitving  been  kiffed,  and  no  evidence 
being  offered,  they  were  imme- 
diatdy  acquitted. 

i  ' 

Captvbb  q¥  thb  Spanish  xan- 

CHANT  SHIP  La  VajbOB  Mah 
BIANA,  JMT  THB  JbAN  BaBT 
FaSNOH    SHIP    OF    THB    hlUJ^ 

(given  kyffmr  paumgun  in  ike 
Spanish  ship,  J 

**  The  Spanish  merdiantman  La 
Nueva  Vdba  Mariana  skilled  from 
Vera  Crtu?  on  the  S4l9i  of  Decem- 
ber last,  and  from  the  Havannah 
on  the  27tii  of  January  fbllowing, 
bound  for  Cadij.  On  the  22nd 
Feb.  wWlc  steering  to  the  south  of 
the  i^nd  of  Santa  Maria,  one  ^ 
the  AjEores,  at  S6  deg.  9  min.  N. 
If^,  she  observed,  between  half 
past- four  and  five  hi  the  nfJWfiW, 
to  the  leeward,  anotheSrvessei, 
steering  in  the  opposite  direction. 
The  officer  of  the  watch  of  the 
Vdojf  immediately  gave  orders  for 
a  tack  to  be  made  for  the  purpose 
of  pasnng  ^e  ship,  which  was  ob- 
served to  be  approaching ;  but  the 
latter,  insteiid  of  pursuing  her 
course,  altered itand  stood  towards 
tile  Veioi.  Tlie  Spanish  captain 
then,  ccmcluding  that  this  vessel ; 


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must  be  one  «f  the 
Gonain  which  puxtne  the  Spooiah 
iao,  osdeced  the  deck  to  be  dearedy 
ana  made  prepacatians  for  defeaoe, 
at  the  aaaie  time  hoUting  aome 
additional  sail  with  the  view  of 
ftid^ng.  Shortly  afterwacd^,  the 
'morning  b^an  to  dawn^  and  a^ 
daylight  the  chasing;  vessel  was 
discovered,  to  be  a  kige  sh^  of 
war,  carrying  a  press  otsaiL  i^ 
fixed  a  gun  to  make  the  Mariana 
show  her  colours,  which  the  latter 
answered  by  firing  another  gun, 
and  hoisting  her  &g.  Neverthe- 
lesSy  the  ship  of  war  made  more 
sail^  threw  out  her  ufper  and 
lower  studding-«ailsy  aim  gained 
on  us  in  the  chase  with  the  most 
determined  persevcBance*  The 
captain  of  the  Velog  continued  his 
flight,  in  obedience  to  his  instnio- 
tionsy  vdiich  weie^  that  he  should 
avoid  an  engagement  with  acn^ 
vessel,  more  particulai^y  wil&  one 
dMtfing  in  his  wake,  and  whose 
eokmrs  could  not  be  made  out  in 
consequence  of  their  flyifig  £are 
and  an.  Hie  Velos  bevig  vnder 
the  guns  oi  the  chasing  ship  00 
the  weather  side,  the  latter  fired 
one  gun  without  sbot^  and  thtee 
with  shot.  The  two  ibips  being 
now  near  enou^  spoke ;  in  oon^ 
sequence  of  which  the  captain  of 
the  Veloi  went  on  board  the  ahip 
by  which,  he  bad  bec»i«  punued, 
carrying  along  with  ham  the 
it^f^^^ei^.  the  certificate  of  ovmet « 
ship,  jfbB  royal  license  for  carrying 
gun^,  &C.  He  ibund,  that  the 
vessel  was  the  Jean  Bart,  a  Fjreock 
sh^  of  war,  commanded  by  rear* 
admiral  Mejmard  de  la  Faxge^ 
who,  notwithstandins  that  all  w 
documents  he  could  demand  wete 
presented  to  him,  declared  his 
determination  to  carry  the  VeJoa 
into  Martinique.  On  being  ia^ 
formed  of  thu^  the  fifty-^ve  pas- 


wiio  wore  <xk  honi  the 
Veios  Mariana,  dq^uted  thseeof 
their  number  to  go  on  bs«d  the 
Jean  Bart,  and,  in  the  name  of  alL 
to  oitieat  that  the  rear-admim 
woidd  land  them  at  the  Aieres, » 
that  thtiy  midit  continiie  tbds 
voyage  to  Cadia;  butthisseqiMt 
was  refused. 

"  The  Velof  was  maimed  with 
French  soldiers  aod  sailors;  sad 
upwards  of  100  men  ot  her  crewt 
inchiding  90  discharged  soldisn^ 
who  wese  proceeding  finm  the 
Havannah  to  the  Peninsula,  sod 
some  passengesa,  were  ti9nstoBd 
from  the  Vdoa  to  the  Jean  Bart. 
There  remained  Mi  boaid  the  fiir- 
mer,  only  about  SO  passMigers  and 
a  few  of  the  cvow,  who  were  -is* 
tained  to  assist  in  wockinc  the  Aip* 

''  The  pssage  icoat  the  Afoces 
to  Martimque  bated  from  the  £^ 
of  February  to  the  nig^  ^  ^ 
llthof  March.  Durkigthe  ISdi 
and  13th,  the  VdoB  hj  in  Marti* 
nifl^e  roads,  but  without  beiag 
suwed  to  oomoMjakate  with  the 
shore,  by  ocder  of  AdmM  Mef« 
naid  de  k  Faige.  On  the  14A^ 
the  passeagen,  after  their  l^gM* 
had  been  rraiistered,  also  by  w 
admiral's  or£r,  were  penmlted  to 
go  ashore. 

''At  Martinioue  the  cb^ 
and  supercarao  oi  the  Veloa  mw 
vaoious  apimcatians  to  the  ||^ 
ver&OT,  praying  for  the  Iflww^*? 
of  the  vessel  TTiey  miie  it 
manifest,  that  the  Spanish  govern- 
ment had  not  the  slightest  pc*^ 
part^r  orinterest  in  the  veftd,  ind 
reprasented,  that  the  greater  part 
of  her  caigQ  bekmeed  to  F***^ 
individuals,  who  had  fled  fitoitf  «e 
revolutaons  in  America;  but  to 
these  ai^lications  no  wnttta 
answer  was  returned  lor  the  4^ 
of  45  days,  namdy,  from  the  IW 
of  Maooh  till  thejd^th  of  Api^ 


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r^H«8eiitatiim>  atatiiig  thftt  tb^ 
w«re  in  a  iueeaga.  coustirjr,  mdc, 
and  mthoHt  reiouicesy  and  praf^ 
ing  tkat  tb^  Hii^t  be  aupflied 
\y  the  gofonmiant  with  the  meoBi 
of  prnwyding  im  their  voyage  to 
Cadi£;  but  finding  that  thispKayer 
was  ineffectui^  ih^  eolialcd  a 
snaU  yortium  of  thdr  pmp&cif  re^ 
gi»tered  «q  board  the  VdoE,  in 
oisd^  to  defray  their  naoanaiy  ecL* 
pcnai^;  and  though  a  promise  was 
given  that  they  should  be  fiv« 
niched  wiA  vehat  waa  requiatety. 
th^y  recetTed  nothii^* 

'<  On  the  25th  of  April*  the 
cacgo  nf  the  Veloa  still  remained 
on  board  that  vessel,  under  iha 
usual  seals.  Th^  governor  of 
Martiai|u0  had  not  dispoied  of 
ai^  iroperty  belnpgirtg  to  the 
^p  ;  ftr  «Ten  at  that  d^  it  waa 
not  positively  known  then^  whe^^ 
^i«r  or  not  war  would  take  plaos^ 
tboittlb  the  Velos  had  been  pre- 
viously sdaed  on  the  preaumptian 
that.^tir  had  aotuidly  brohen  out. 
Xhia  capture  was  in  Ihctmadeaiic 
waahs  .hefoca  the  fflnmwnoBmant 
of  hostilitaas  in  the  Pynmees.'' 


MAY. 

Tb0  length  of  streets  akaKty- 
lighted  with  gas  in  the  metn^pdia 
is  SISjBiilcsi  andthetii»epf]»- 
Qftl  Gompani^  light  $9^504  pub^ 
Ik  lamp0»  and  cousuims  annually^ 
about  3^158  ohaldrotts  of  ottls. 

Ci;jaious  Law  Suit.  •^  There 
is  now  bafexe  .the  tijbunals  at 
Pm%  A  very  ouaima  caaise:  it  ia, 
aalhing  leas  than  the  tiklof  ridit 
to  the  heart  ef  Oretry>  the  <Se« 
Wat0l  musical  composeiv  Gretry 
when  he  died,  1^  his  beaat  to  hui. 
native  eHj  (Liega).  His  nephew, 
Flamaud  CSxetry,  did  not  execute 


the  wifi'vf  the  iinqla^  and  allter  a 
l^Nie  of  years^  tibe  inhabitants  of 
liege  have  Wought  the .  dneslioil 
before  the  courts^ifkw*  M.  Fl»* 
maad  Gretry  deelaxes  m  hk  de«> 
fence,  that^  on  tiie  denise  of  his 
imd^  he  virmfee  tD  Ae  burgOBiBster 
of  lisge^  raquesling  him  to  send 
tar  the  heart*  which  was  care^iUy 
preserved;  but  that  the  magia* 
tnite  r^i^ed  by  letter  in  •  these 
terma^^'^  Veuillos^  bien.  Monsieur^ 
aaua  envoys  fiwaso  le  coeur  de 
Monsieur,  voire  unde,  par  la  dili^ 
genoe."  This  letaer  filled  M. 
Gff^sry  widi  sudi  indignation,  that 
he  vowed  the  heart  of  his  uncle 
diould  remain  in  France,  foid  it  waa 
pbusad  by  him  in  an  urn  in  the 
garden  of  the  hermitage  of  J.  J. 
Soottwan,  at  Montmetency,  now 
the^iraperty  of  M.  Flamand, 

Nsw  Somn  Walm.  ^  The 
last  Sydney  Gaaettas  brli^^  obIjt 
general  hnil  intalfigeBoe,  butthe^ 
beipeak  by  their  tippemnaim  med* 
vity  in  all  Ae  movemanla  ef  the 
settlements.  An  a^ricultand  ao- 
dety  has  been  nrttoWishad,  of  winch 
nr  Tbrnms  Briabeae  is  patnm: 
and  soma  idea  may  he  temodof 
the  hir  leasing  anndber  of 
aUe  ootkmats,  frcan  the 
stance  of  aig^  gsmleafian  I 
sat  dawn  at  Parsmatta,  at  the  first 
dinner  of  the  estabfishnent  in 
August  last,  when  iq»wards  of 
IfdOOl*  W2S  subscrihed,>  to  carry 
into  eflbct  the  purposes  of  the  i»- 
stttntiott. 

The  nov^&cined  satdemant  at 
MaaiuarnB  hfiohonr,  asln^>1iAnt 
as  a  seoondavy^ase  43f  tran^erta* 
tion  for  the  omndi]^  eonvicts,hai 
crnithmifid  to  mahe  successful  pro- 
gress. The  cod  ioond  hero  is  good 
and  easy  of  aeoeB8»  and  tte  timber, 
both  in  quanti^  and  qiodi^,  an*- 
swers  every  esqiectsitian.  - 

As  a  proof  tint  the  incseaae  ci£ 


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ANNUAL  REGISTER.        [isss. 


Juzttries  keeps  pue  with  the  more 
lolid  improvement  in  all  the  com-^ 
forts  of  life,  an  advertiiement  in 
one  of  the  Sydney  papers  invites 
masters  of  venels  to  pick  oranges 
for  their  sea^stores  from  the  trees 
of  a  settler^  at  6d.  per  dosen.  A 
very  few  years  back>  this  estimable 
fruit  was  attainable  in  the  colony 
only  at  6d.  each ! 

The  same  paper  says>  a  house  in 
Sydney  is  now  selling  colonial  to- 
bacco fully  equalling  the  cdie* 
brated  American  negro-head  in  its 
strength  and  peculiar  sweetness. 

The  bee«>hives  taken  out  by  cap- 
tain Wallis,  of  the  IsabeUa,  fortu« 
nately  arrived  safe,  and  four  of 
their  thickly-populated  habitations 
are  now  in  the  nei^bourhood  of 
Sydney,  where  the  valuable  little 
colonizers  seem  to  lose  none  of 
their  forces  from  their  change  of 
climate,  but  rather  to  increase  in 
thrift  and  hardihood.  The  owner 
e^iected  to  extend  his  four  to 
twenty  hives  in  twelve  months. 

Those  cultivators  of  the  vine, 
who  have  selected  proper  situa- 
tions, have  every  proroect  of  beinc 
amply  rewarded.  Mr.  Blaxland 
brou^  over  some  samples  of  Aus- 
tcalama  wine  in  the  Shipley,  for 
submission  to  the  Society  of  Arts, 
who  have  awarded  him  the  silver 
medal,  in  token  of  their  approba- 
tion of  its  quality. 

While  every  minor  source  of 
wealth  is  obtaining  due  attention 
in  the  territory  at  large,  the  princi- 
pal feature  that  distingiiishes  New 
South  Wales,  more  immediately  as 
it  TQfBixdts  the  interest  of  this  coun- 
try, IS  the  neculiar  fine  vrool  of  its 
sheep.  The  favourable  prices  it 
obtains  here,  and  the  hi^  opinion 
entertained  of  its  qualities  by  our 
most  experienced  manufacturer^, 
continue  to  stimulate  the  growers 
to  increased  exertioQ* 


3.    £xTBA<miMNABT     SuiOIM. 

—At  Bury,  a  coroner's  inquest  sat 
upon  the  body  of  Mary  Gooch,  and 
received  the  following  evidence : — 

Mr.  Dalton,  surgeon,  had  been 
for  some  time  attendiing  Maiy 
Gooch,  the  deceased,  who  was  sulv 
iect  to  fits;  was  employed  to  dosa 
by  John  Spring ;  was  called  in  by 
the  brother  or  the  deceased  about 
half-past  ten  on  Friday  night; 
saw  Spring  lying  on  the  bed,  ani 
olMerved  the  body  of  the  deceased 
on  the  other  side  of  the  bed,  partly 
dressed,  and  quite  dead  and  stiff. 

Mr.  Mountain  knew  John 
firing ;  knew  he  lived  with  Maiy 
Gooch,  but  did  not  know  her. 
About  half-past  seven  on  Friday 
morning.  Spring  came  to  witne« 
and  sai^  "  the  girl  has  been  veiy 
ill  all  night  with  fits."  Spring 
looked  very  unwell :  he  said,  he 
had  been  up  all  night ;  saw  Spring 
half  an  hour  after,  when  he  ssid 
"  the  girl  is  dead,  and  I  shall  now 
go  to  hard  work." 

Amos  Webb  lives  at  No.  5, 
Schod-hall-lane,  and  lets  lodg- 
ings; his  lower  room  was  occu- 
pied hy  Mary  Gooch,  the  decesa- 
ed;  lives  up  stairs  himself;  John 
Spring  liveii  and  slept  with  oe- 
ceased ;  they  had  the  apartments 
entirely  to  themselves;  saw  the 
deceased  on  Thursday  night  last, 
about  ten,  then  alive;  she  sp- 
geared  well;  she  went  to  bed  wi» 
Spring;  the  mother  of  deceased 
was  in  the  room  at  the  time,  and 
left  the  house,  calling  witness  to 
come  down  and  lock  the  door  after 
her;  witness  went  to  work  at  half- 
past  six  on  Friday  morning;  c^ 
back  at  eight;  Spring  then  stood 
at  the  door,  and  requested  witness 
to  lend  him  half-a-crown ;  witn** 
lent  him  two  shillings;  ^iP^fi 
then  went  out,  and  returnw  n* 
twentjr  minutes  afler,  comyhiri"* 


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of  illness,  and  asked  for  a  cup  of 
tea;  Spring  said  nothing  about 
Mary  Gooch ;  about  ten  ^e  same 
morning  witness  asked  Spring,  bow 
Maiy  did,  knowing  she  was  sub- 
kct  to  fits ;  Spring  said  she  had 
been  ill  during  the  night,  but  was 
then  asleep;  witness  worked  in 
the  yard  until  three  o'clock,  but 
did  not  see  Spring,  who  had  fast-> 
ened  the  door  by  placing  a  chair 
between  it  and  the  bed;  witness 
tried  several  times  to  get  in,  but 
could  not;  at  nine  at  night,  the 
mother  of  deceased  came  to  the 
door  and  knocked;  Spring  said^ 
^^Who  is  there?"  Spring  letv the 
mother  in;  soon  after  which  he 
heard  some  person  cry;  he  then 
went  in,  and  saw  the  mother  of 
the  deceased  and  her  youngest 
daughter  crying ;  saw  the  deceased 
quite  dead,  Ijring  with  her  head  on 
Spring's  arm;  witness  heard  in 
the  morning,  that  she  was  dead, 
but  Spring  told  him,  she  had  only 
tome  of  her  fainting  fits;  told 
Spring  during  the  day,  he  heard 
she  was  dead;  Spring  replied, 
"  Nonsense,  she  is  only  fainted, 
and  is  now  asleep ;"  witness  asked 
Spring,  if  she  wanted  any  gruel; 
he  said,  "No,  she  is  much  better;" 
at  four  o'clock  witness  left  home, 
and  was  absent  three  or  four  hours. 
Mr.  Dalton  re-examined. — Ob- 
served appearances  upon  the  skin 
which  induced  him  to  think  the 
death  of  the  deceased  was  occa- 
sioned by  narcotic  poison,  the  feet 
having  a  peculiar  appearance  under 
such  circumstances ;  he  afterwards 
opened  the  body,  and  his  suspicions 
were  confirmed;  upon  examining 
the  stomach,  he  foimd  a  mixture 
of  laudau^um,  with  a  strong  smell 
and  colour  of  that  poison ;  the  de- 
ceased was  not  pregnant;  there 
were  no  marks  of  violence  about 
the  body;   witne®  did. not  think 


she  died  in  a  fit,  but  that  her  deaA 
was  occasioned  by  poison. 

Mr.  Sabine  proved  the  purchase 
of  four  ounces  of  laudanum  at  his 
shop  by  Spring. 

Mary  Gooch,  mother  of  tJhe  de- 
ceased, saw  her  daughter  about 
hsdf-past  nine  on  Thursday  night; 
die  was  sent  for  by  deceased;  saw 
her  in  bed  with  John  Spring;  the 
deceased  said,  die  was  ^omg  to 
London  the  next  morning,  and 
wished  to  see  her  first;  at  thia 
time  there  was  no  one  in  the  room 
but  Spring,  herself,  and  the  de- 
ceased; she  said,  "Mother,  you 
want  a  pair  of  shoes,  you  may  have 
mine,  they  are  the  only  pair  I  have» 
but  3pring  is  goinff  to  buy  me 
some  in  London ;"  £e  wished  her 
to  take  the  shoes,  brushes,  and 
some  blacking;  and  said,  if  she 
would  take  a  tin  box  from  the  till, 
she  would  find  some  duplicates, 
which  she  wished  her  to  keep  till 
called  for;  witness  remained  in  the 
room  about  half  an  hour ;  the  de* 
ceased  locked  very  ill,  and  said  she 
had  a  sore  throat ;  Spring  said,  he 
had  a  situation  in  London,  where 
he  could  earn  a  guinea  ax^d  a  half 
per  week,  and  wished  those  things 
to  be  taken  care  of,  till  they 
were  sent  for;  witness  then  left 
the  house.  Witness  was  sent  foi: 
to  see  her  at  nine  last  night ;  had 
sent  to  inquire  two  or  three  times 
during  the  day,  whether  she  was 
gone  to  London,  but  did  not  re- 
ceive any  answer,  the  door  being 
fastened ;  a  person  came  to  witness 
and  said  she  lived  near  deceased, 
and  requested  witness  to  go  to  in^* 
quire  after  her  dau^ter,  as  she 
had  not  heard  her  speak  all  day; 
witness  went  acnd  knocked  at  the 
back  door;  Spring  asked  "who 
was  there;"  witness  rej^cd,  "It 
is  me,  I  want  to  speak  to  Mary ;" 
witness  then  went  in,  and  was  in?^ 


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ANNUAl  REGISTER.       i\m. 


fomed  by  Spnng>  that  Mary  was 
in  a  sound  sleep;  Spring  turned 
the  bed-clothes  down,  wen  tbe 
"witness  discovered  ber  daughter  a 
corpse;  some  time  after  Spring 
mad,  '^  Do  not  ttet,  Mrs.  Gooch^ 
she  bad  been  dead  ever  since  the 
morning ;"  witneitt  asked  Mm,  why 
he  did  not  let  her  know  it  befove  f 
He  replied,  he  did  not  like  to  break 
h  to  her ;  witness  told  him>he  must 
be  sine  she  must  kilow  it ;  Spring 
said,  she  went  6ffin  a  fit ;  that  she 
had  taken  laudanum^  and  that  he 
had  taken  double  the  quantity ;  he 
said  they  had  taken  two  ounces; 
he  appeared  very  bad  on  being  told 
lliat  he  was  the  cause  of  her  death. 
The  witness  was  aware  her  daudi* 
ler  had  for  some  time  been  livmg 
with  Spring,  and  remonstrated 
with  her  for  it  On  Thm^y 
night,  deceased  said,  '^  There  is  a 
piece  of  bread  which  will  do  for 
one  of  the  children,  we  shall  go 
early,  and  shall  not  want  any 
breakfast;"  deceased  took  witness 
by  the  hand,  and  said,  '^  Good  l^e. 
God  bless  you^  do  not  fret  when  I 
am  gone." 

Ann  Hayward  lives  in  Garland- 
street;  saw  Mary  Gooch  on  Thurs- 
day last ;  was  sent  for  by  deceased 
to  pledge  a  gown  at  Mr  Weston's, 
about  four  or  five  o'clock;  deceased 
said,  ^  To-morrow  two  years  my 
fether  was  killed;"  witness  pledg- 
ed the  gown  for  Ss.  6d.,  and  gave 
the  mon^to  the  deceased;  who 
appeared  in  bad  spirits,  and  talked 
about  her  father. 

The  evidence  of  Spring  being 
deemed  admissible,  the  jury  went 
to  his  house,  and  he  deposed  a$ 

f(^WS>— 

John  Spring  said,  that  he  was 
present  with  the  deceased  in  bed 
when  she  died,  about  seven  o'clock 
on  Friday  morning;  that  she  did 
wt  die  in  i^ony;   that  on  the 


Wednesday  evening  the  deceased 
«nd  witnen  came  to  an  agreement 
to  buy  some  laudanum  to  take  to- 
eether,  that  tb^  miffht  bodi  be 
fo\md  dead  toffi^er  m  the  laiie 
bed;  that,  on  &e Thursday  mmth; 
ing,  he  (the  witness)  went  to  the 
chymist's  and  bought  some  Iflodi^ 
Hum ;  he  thinks  four  ounces  ;  that 
when  he  ciune  in,  Mary  Goodi 
said,  '*  Your  heart  has  failed  you, 
you  have  not  bought  it  forme;** 
that  she  got  up  and  felt  witness^ 
pocket.    The  deceased  said,  "  You 
nave  got  something  herew"    Wit- 
ness replied,  "Oh,  tJiat  will  soon 
do  our  business,  if  we  take  it* 
She  said,  "  Have  you  any  nion^ 
left  of  what  I  gave  you  to  buy  U 
with?"  Witness  said,  "Yes,  there 
are  some   halfpence."      The  de- 
ceased said  ^'she  would  purdisie 
aome  oranges  with  them,  to  take 
after  it,  and  would  send  for  themr 
that  she  sent  a  boy  of  Webb's,  who 
returned  with  two  oranges;  libat 
tiie  deceased  peeled  them;  diatshe 
took  two  #ine-|lB5£flea  off  the  shelfi 
and  placed  hers  on  the  box,  and 
said,  "Now  let  us  take  it;"  «hc 
poured  half  into  one  glass,  and  haff 
mto  another;  one  glass  she  hfi 
herself^  and  the  other  she  eave  to 
witness.     The  deceased  said,  "  Lc^ 
us  take  hold  of  each  other's  hxa^" 
Witness  said,  "  No,  my  dear,  if  we 
do,  we  shall  not  take  it;  let  oi 
turn  beck  to  back  and  take  it" 
Deceased  and  witness  turned  their 
backs  to  one  another,  and  irtcok 
the  contents  of  the  passes :  after 
they  had    drank    the    kuwiam> 
the  deceased  said,  ^WhiA  shall  we 
do  with  the  bottk  ?^  witness  aaii 
"he  would  ffo  and  throw  it  away;" 
she  said,  "  akb  would  in  the  mean 
time    wipe  up   the   glasses;"  he 
threw  the  bottle  into   the  pn^> 
and  the  deceased  had  wiped  the 
glasses  by  the  t»ne  he  came  baek: 


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68 


^  deeeaaed  sead,  "  Let  us  go  to 
bed;"  they  boUi  went  to  bed ^oge- 
tber  ;  the  deceaaed  af^CTwards  got 
out  dFbed  and  phMied  a  ehair  agaiBst 
the  door  to  fasted  tt^  and  drew  €i^ 
window-Uinds ;  the  deceased  then 
aaid^  ^'  Now  we  nhall  die  happy  to«- 
eether ;"  this  was  between  two  ^ad 
Uiree  o'do<^;  he  asked  the  de* 
eeased^  how  she  eame  by  the  money 
she  had  given  him ;  the  deceasell 
said^  **  That  is  of  no  eonsequence, 
and  does  not  rignify  ,*"  thatthede- 
oeaaed  and  the  witness  conversed 
together  about  different  things,  till 
about  eight  o\Jock ;  she  said,  she 
had  sent  her  gown  to  her  amit% 
and  that  the  mon^  came  from  her; 
the  laudanum  did  not  take  any  ef* 
Beet  till  about  two;  she  then  began 
to  sleep;  the  witness  was  sick 
about  K>ur,  and  the  deceased  was 
awake  at  that  time;  the  deceased 
was  not  ack  at  all,  and  fell  into  a 
sound  sleep  at  six;  the  witness 
aw(^e  her  between  six  and  seven, 
the  deceased  then  said,  ''How 
large  your  eyes  look ;  witness  said 
to  ho-,  "Mary,  I  am  afraid  my 
laudanum  will  take  no  effect;" 
the  deceased  said,  ''  ph  dear,  if  I 
die  without  you,  and  you  are 
taken  before  a  court  of  justice,  I 
shall  not  die  easy:"  witness  told 
her  she  mig^t  be  quite  Imppy,  far 
if  tt  did  not  take  ^ect,  he  would 
get  up  and  buy  some  that  would, 
as  be  would  die  with  her;  Ae  de- 
ceased swd,  "  My  dear,  pray  give 
me  that  blue  muslin  himakerchie^ 
that  I  may  have  it  in  my  hand 
when  I  die :  pray  don't  you  take 
anv  tiling;  but  let  me  die,  und  you 
wfllgetoverit;"  she  then  laid  her 
Ittad  on  the  shoulder  of  the  witness, 
and  died  almost  immediately ;  the 
body  began  to  grow  cold  by  the 
tiine  he  came  in  from  the  town, 
about  balf.past  eight ;  the  deceased 
had  been  m  a  Ind  state  of  mind 


ever  rinde  he  has  known  her ;  she 
alwa}^  appeared  to-wish  to  die,  ai^ 
had  attempted  to  destroy  herself 
before,  when  the  witness  Was  at  a 
fair;  about  a  month  previous,  the 
deceased  having,  come  home  in  ap 
unhappy  state  of  mind,  about  12  at 
nigl&t,  got  up,  took  a  linen  Hne, 
pinned  her  cap  over  her  head,  went 
out  of  the  house  taking  a  smdl 
chair  with  ho:!  she  had  one  end  of 
a  rope  about  her  neck,  and  was 
aboutto  throw  it  over  the  arm  of  an 
apple-tree^  when  he  overtook  her, 
brought  h^r  in,  and  took  the  rope 
from  her.  The  deceased,  aU  Wted- 
nesday  evening,  was  very  anxious 
to  die,  and  wished  witness  to  die 
with  her;  on  Thursday,  she  ex^ 
pressed  a  desire  that  they  should 
both  die  together;  the  witness  had 
known  the  deceased  ever  since  Mi- 
chaelmas Bury  Fair;  she  had  been 
very  anxious  about  the  payment  of 
the  half-year's  rent;  tiie  witness 
said  he  would  go  to  his  fHends  and 
get  it;  deceased  said,  '^  If  you  go 
awayi  I  diall  be  afraid  that  3rou 
will  not  come  back  again ;"  it  was 
not  for  want  that  they  committed 
the  act ;  it  had  be^  in  contcmpla^ 
tion  some  time. 

The  jury  retired  somewhat  more 
than  half  an  hour ;  and  on  their 
return,  delivered  their  verdict,  that 
— "  Mary  Gooch,  being  of  sound 
mind,  took  laudanum  to  cause  her 
death,  procured,  at  her  request,  by 
John  Spring,  and  that  she  died«- 
Fehdese." 

About  midnight,  the  remains  of 
the  wretched  woman  were  interred 
in  the  cross  road,  at  the  end  of 
Abbeygate-street. 

Gbsbkb.— .The  following  letter 
has  been  addressed  to  the  secretary 
of  the  Greek  Committee,  by  lord 
Byron,  one  of  their  members : — 
«  Gehoa,  May  1«.^ 

"  Sir— I  have  great  pleasure  in 


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ANNUAL  ftBGISTKR. 


[ittl 


aeknowfed^ing  your  letter,  and  tlie 
honour'  which  the  committee  have 
done  me ;  I  shall  endeavour  to  de- 
serve their  confidence  by  every 
means  in  my  power. 

"  The  prmcipal  materiel  wanted 
by  the  Greeks  appears  to  be,  first, 
a  park  of  field-artillery,  light,  and 
fit  for  mountain-service;  secondly, 
gun^wder;  thirdly,  hospital,  or 
medical  stores.  The  readiest  mode 
of  transmission  is,  I  hear,  by  Idra, 
addressed  to  Mr.  Negris,  the  mi- 
nister. I  meant  to  send  a  certain 
quantity  of  the  two  latter — no 
spneat  deal,  but  enough  for  an  in- 
dividual, to  show  his  good  wishes 
for  the  Greek  success,  but  am 
pausing,  because  in  case  I  should 
go  myself,  I  can  take  them  with 
me.  I  do  not  mean  to  limit  my 
own  contribution  to  this  merely, 
but,  more  especially  if  I  can  get 
to,  Greece  myself,  I  shall  devote 
whatever  resources  I  can  muster, 
of  my  own,  to  advancing  the  Rreat 
object.      I  am  in 

with  sienor  C (wdl  known 

to  Mr.  Hobhouse),  who  is  now  at 
— — ;  but  his  latest  advice 
merely  states,  that  the  Greeks  are 
at  present  employed  in  organising 
th^  internal  government,  and  the 
details  of  its  administration ;  this 
would  seem  to  intimate  security- 
hut  the  war  is,  however,  £u:  from 
being  terminated.  The  Turks  ar^ 
an  obstinate  race,  as  all  former 
wars  have  proved  them,  and  will 
return  to  the  charge  for  years  to 
come,  even  if  beaten,  as  it  is  to  be 
hoped  they  will  be.  But  in  no 
case  can  the  labours  of  the  com- 
mittee be  said  to  be  in  vain ;  for 
in  the  evei^t  even  of  the  Greeks 
being  subdued  and  dispersed,  the 
f un£  which  would  be  employ^  in 
succouring  and  gathering  together 
the  remnant^  so  as  to  alleviate 
in  part  their  distresses,  and  liable 


them  to  find  or  tmke  »  cowitty  {u 
so  many  emigrants  of  other  nadont 
have  been  compelled  to  do),  would 
'  bless  both  ^ose  who  gave  and 
'  those  who  take,'  as  the  bounty 
both  of  justice  and  of  mercy.  WiA 
regard  to  the  f ormaticm  c^  a  bri* 
gide  (whidi  Mr.  Hobhouse  bints 
at,  in  his  short  letter  of  this  day's 
receipt,  inclosing  the  one  to  which 
I  have  the  honour  to  r^y)i  I 
would  presume  to  suggest,  but 
merely  as  an  opinion  resulting  rar 
ther  from  the  melancholy  expen* 
ence  o[  the  brigades  embarked  in 
the  Colombian  service,  than  fitns 
any  experiment  yet  fairly  tried  ia 
Greece,  that  the  attentkm  o(  the 
committee  had  better  perhaps  be 
directed  to  the  employment  of 
officers  of  experience  than  the  en- 
rolment of  raw  British  soldiefS, 
which  latter  are  apt  to  be  unruly, 
and  not  very  serviceable,  in  irre- 
gular warfare,  by  the  side  of  fo- 
reigners* A  small  body  of  good 
officers,  especially  arriUerv  or  en- 
gineers, with  a  quantity  (such  ss 
the  committee  might  deem  requi- 
site) of  stores,  of  die  nature  which 

captain intubated  as  most 

wanted,  would,  I  should  concej^ 
be  a  higUy  useful  accession.  Offi- 
cers, who  had  previously  served  in 
the  Mediterranean,  womd  be  pr^ 
ferable,  as  some  knowledge  of  sts- 
tion  is  nearly  indispensable.  Jj 
would  be  as  well,  that  they  should 
be  aware  that  they  are  not  ff^ 
'  to  rough  it  on  a  beaf-steak  and  s 
'  bottle  of  port ;'  but  that  Creeos 
never,  of  late  years, .  very  plfio«»- 
fuUy  stocked  for  a  mess,  is  at  pre- 
sent the  country  of  all  kinds  ot 
privation :  this  remark  may  seem 
superfluous ;  but  I  have  been  1» 
to  it  by  observing,  that  many  fo- 
reign  officers,  Itahan,  Frencb,.*nd 
some  German  (but  fewer  of  the 
latter)  have  returned  in  iHsgQ^i 


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C  H  RO  N  I  G  LB. 


6^ 


liu^ourig  ciutcT  t&at  they  i^efc 
gtiin^  np  %d  make  a  ^arty  of  ^ea-^ 
Rir^  or  to  enjoy  Ml  pay,  spMidy 
pitiBsotnMi)  and  a  very  moderate 
d^;f<te  of  duty:  l3iey  comptedn,  too, 
<^  hating  been  ill  receiy^  by  the 
gotemment  or  inhabitants;  bat 
numbers  of  niese  complainants 
were  mere  adtentnrers,  attracted 
by  a  hope  or  command  and  plun- 
mr,  ana  disappointed  of  both: 
Aose  Gf^seks  l^t  I  have  seen, 
streiisotuTf  dehy  the  charge  of 
InhuaEfitanty,  and  dedare,  that  they 
fflUut^  iheir  pittance  to  the  Isst 
cnimb  mith  l^eif  fereigtf  ▼tlair^ 
teers. 

^l  neeft  not^tjg^tofSiecoM'' 
irtttee  the  very  great  advantage 
wMdr  most  ttcme  to  Great  Bri-^ 
itftt  hrm  iSht  sncces^of  1^  Greeks, 
and  ^eir  probaUe  connnercfai}  re-^ 
laooiis  vnth  E/tmotAd^  in  conse<' 
ifKAce^  becanse  I  fee!  iMiiuKlecl 
uEat  €he^  first  dbject  Of  the  commit^ 
wB^n  uHtit  emaftefj^iiou  hhibouC 
ttSf  lUlteresfed  views  i  btrt  thecob* 
OTeranott  migiit  wngD'  witn  viier 
jBhuhwi  people  ui  g^eneniy  m  tneu^ 
passion  fbr  ev^tf  kiiri  of 
4  1 1  tsftiy  n^cd  nflt  <!Ml!i^ 

^  iVmerican  seas,  ror  one  iinfelif 
DMfMr  tv^llh  ^neiif  while>  s^a 
iritit€t  nome.  The  resovcr6es  cftti. 
MFan  etnigrant  popnlatSoh  hi  the[ 
QftiiY  I^ands  alone,  ttte  rarely  tc^ 
be  pa^titeled;  and  die  eiieiipness 
c(f  e^(^  kind  of  liot  only  necessary, 
hot  loxury  (that  is  to  ^y,  hitory 
rf  natntc^,  fhlits,  wine,  oft,  &c.  in  a 
steNsbf  peace,  are  far  beyond  those 
df  the  Ge^e  and^  Van  Diemeil'if 
£«id,  and  the  o^r  plaice^  d^ 
wrege,  whnm  tne  Bil^sh  pdpina^ 
tiM^aire  ilear^iiiig  for'  over  the 
itttiek^ 

''  I  Bcs  that  the  committee  wiS" 
cOKiliiaiiQ  me  in  any  and  every 
way:  if  r  am  fttvouied  with  any 
mstturaotts,  I  ahaB' endeavour  to 

Vot.  LXV. 


mnow  them  to  the  letter,  whe« 
fhef  conformalne  to  my  own  pr$« 
vate  opinion  or  not.  I  b^  l^va 
to  aM,  personally,  my  respect  mt 
uie  gentleman  whom  I  have  the) 
honour  of  addressings  and  am,  Sir, 
your  obliged  and  very  obedfeiit 
servant,        (Smied) 

**  NOBI,  BWION.'' 

'  WAKBTBAiy  HouBB  was  Mdby 
auction  on  the  premises,  on  Mon-* 
day  last,  for  10,060/1 ;  ooe  of  th6 
condilSons  of  sale  Knds  ^e  ,pttr* 
chaser  to  clear  every  thing  away, 
even  to  the  foundation,  by  Lad|f  i 
&y,  1825.  The  biddings  eom* 
menced  at  1,0001!.  and  advanced*  by 
thousands,  iSi  they  reached  ^fiOOi, 
when  they  dwindled  to  tti  advance 
€/f  IWL  eacb  bidding,  tm  th^ 
reached  the  sum  at  which  the 
haSS&sif  was  sold ;  die  purchaseni 
were  MesSirs*  Stannard  and  Athow, 
Or  Norwich,  vti  oontnnction  with 
three  other  of  their  townsmen. 
The  auetioiiocii'  announced  to  the 
company,  by  their  request,  uiat 
uiey  itttencted  to  sein  nie  whole  tA 
rots,  laigiei  dr  sknmr,  to  suit  bufyeis, 
and  they  sold  a  pail'  of  matbfo 
i^dmney'^pieces  foif  dOO  gmm^; 
oeiure  raey  leit  tne  room,  rnua 
is  sacrificed  to  eitttttvagaxfee  attf 
gtaabBng,  a  mansion,  whicih  cost 
m  it*  erection  vLurt  than  SW^OOOf. 
and  which  has  no  equal  in  the 
ootinty  0^  Essex  f 

15.  lto6Toeit.'<^A  labourer,  of 
Akeiu^e  of  Beckman,  fived  in  d 
house  out  of  the  KropUn  gate,  with 
his  wi^,  who  was  pregjiant,  Ihkti^ 
dittdren,  a  sist^,  atid  his  father* 
The  twa  latter  Wei«  always  qiiar-^ 
i^dlii^  and,  on  ^  lOth  or  thi^ 
month,  they  even  e%me  to  biows. 
The  father,  who,  at  die  Wfeal:e9t,, 
had  been  obHtfed  to  yidd,  was  sd^ 
irritated  that  he  rose  in  the  nij^t, 
closed  the  doors  inade,  and  barri- 
cadoed  lliem  and  the  wii^ws  ftf 
F 


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£utt  as  possible.  He  then  set  fire 
to  this  miserable  abode  in  several 
places,  leaped  into  the  river  Warne, 
which  flows  close  to  it^  and  was 
drowned.  The  house  was  totally 
consuni^>  and  the  three  children, 
as  well  as  the  sister  of  the  owner^ 
not  x>nly  perished  in  the  flames,  but 
were  so  completely  reduced  to  ashes, 
that  no  trace  of  their  bodies  was  to 
be  found.  The  man  and  his  wife 
were  found  still  alive,  but  in  so 
miserable  a  state,  that  the  wife 
died  on  the  11th,  and  her  husband 
pn  the  13th.  The  body  of  the 
unnatural  father  having  been 
in  the  Wame,  was  deliver^  to  the 
anatomical  theatre  for  dissection. 
*  l6.  Shipwreck  off  the  Isle 
OF  MAN.-i--The  brig  Robert,  of 
Whitehaven,  186  tons  burthen, 
sailed  from .  Dublin  for  Liverpool, 
early  in  the  morning,  liaving  on 
board  between  50  ana  60  passen- 
,gers  (including  about  20  women 
and  children),  13  horses,  39  bul- 
locks, and  60  pigs,  &c.  Towards 
evening,  the  sea  became  extremely 
boisterous/  as  the  vessel  indined 
to  either, side,  thither  the  cattle 
rushed  in  a  body.  In  this  pre- 
dicamenty*  considi^-able  fears  were 
entertained  by  the  passengers  for 
their  safety,  and  they  entreated 
the  captain  either  to  return  to 
Dublin,  or  to  put  into  the  nearest 
port  It  was  impossible  to  comj^y 
with  the  former  requiest,  but  &e 
captain  said  he  would  run  into 
Whitehaven.  About  half-past 
eight)  the  vessel  was  under  a  h^vy 
raress  of  sail,  and  bearing  on  the 
Manks  coast  The  captain  was  not 
aware  of  being  near  the  land,  for 
in  reply  to  a  question,  he  said  there 
was  no. danger,,  as  the  vessel  was 
^tween  20  and  30  miles  ham  3ny 
coast.  ,  A  few  minutes  afterwards, 
ihe  detain  and  a  Mr.  Nixon, 
iieing   in   th^    cabin    (the  latter 


having  lain  down  in  the.captttaV 
bed),  the  vessel  struck  on  the  rodL 
at  Langles  Point  with  a  dreadful 
crash.  The  .captain  and  Mr. 
Nixon  instantly  rushed  on  deck, 
where  a  scene  of  the  most  horrify- 
ing description  presented  itsdf. 
At  this  moment — ^the  sea  nmning 
mountains  high,  and  the  waves 
dashing  over  the  vessel,  and  on  an 
unknown  coast — there  was  not  tfi 
instant  for  deliberation.  Thoie 
who  could  swim  immedii^y 
jumped  into  the  sea,  and  gained 
the  rocks,  while  a  few  others  suc- 
ceeded in  passing  over  the  oow^ 
sprit,  and  descen£ng  on  a  jutting 
point  of  the  lock.  Several  who 
had  gained  the  rock  were  washed 
off  by  the  overwhelming  waves. 
Those  who  succeeded  in  retaining 
their  hold,  clambered  from  rock  to , 
rock,  during  the  short  interval  that 
succeeded  each  wave,  until  they 
attained  the  knd.  Of  the  enftiie 
number  not  more  than  nineteen 
persons  (indudinff  the  cq^tain  sad 
ciew)  were  save£— the  remabdff 
found  a:  watery  grave.  From"  the 
darkness  of  the  night,  these  unfor- 
tunate people  had  considerahle  difr* 
ficulty  in  finding  a  habitatiaD. 
On  the  following  mornings  th^ 
went  to  Castletown,  wheieacol- 
lection  was  raised  for  their  re- 
lief, and  a  vessel  prepared  to  con- 
vey them  to  their  destination 
The  passengers  were  entirely  rf 
thepoorer  aaas. 

KNAVERT        OUTWITTB1J.--A 

German  paper  mentions  the  f<^ 
lowing  event  as  having  oocunw 
latfely  at  Warsaw:-^ A  Jew,  the 
proprietor  of  an  hotel  in  that  a^* 
was  intnvrted  with  a  casket,  «»- 
taining  valuable  property  to  th^ 
amount  of  50,000/.,  belonpng  f 
an  Englishman,  who  g;ave  it  tohtf 
host  for  greater  security.  When 
•  the  Englishman  asked  for  his  P*>- 


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67 


pemtj^f'Ht^  Jew  positively  denkd, 
hsmxig,  received  it.  In  despair  the , 
SngUshman  proceeded  to  the  arch- 
duke C<mstantine,  who  summoned 
the  hotel-keeper  before  him,  and 
used  his  utmost  efforts  to  induce. 
tlie  Jew  to  surrender  the  casket, 
but  in  vain.  Pardon  was  even 
ofieced,  but  to  no  purpose;  the 
Jew  -perasted  in  the  deniaL  His 
nap^nal  highness  then  turned  the 
ooaversation  to  some  other  subject, 
and  after  some  minutes  drew  out 
his  watch,  and  on  looking  at  it 
aoid^  "  I  believe  it  is  not  right,  let 
me  see  what  it  is  o'clock  by  jour's." 
Then,  seeming  to  take  afancy  to  it, 
the  giand  duke  asked  the  Jew  to 
exchange  watches— i-to  which  the 
Jew,  unsuspicious  of  any  design, 
i^eadlly  consented.  The  piinee. 
with^w  into  his  cabinet,  and, 
de^fttched  a  trusty  messenger 
in.tb  the  exchanged  watch  to  the 
hotel,  desiring  him  to  tell  the  land- 
lady, on  the  part  of  her  husband, . 
to  send  the  casket  immediately,  as 
he  wanted  it  much,  in  order  to  ar- 
range some  business  with  the  grand 
dulce.  The  landlady,  on  seeing 
her  husband's  watch,  suiqiected  no- 
thing, and  instantly  eave  the 
casket  to  the  duke's  vsuet.  The 
grand  duke,  when  he  had  received 
tbe  casket,  offered  pardon  to  the 
rascal,  provided  he  would  admit 
his  having  received  it ;  but  the 
Jewr  denied  all  knowledge  of  the 
casket,  and  even  swore  to  t-he  truth 
of  ius  deniaL  He  was  then,  by 
order  at  the  prince,  handed  over  to 
^le  military  tribunal,  who  sen- 
tenced him  to  be  shot  by  twenty 
Jews.  The  latter,  however,  exe- 
cuted the  sentence  so  badly,  that 
the  culprit  suffered  excruciating 
agony  for  two  hours. 

^  1 7'  Pabis.  —  Judgment  was 
g^ven  by  the  court  of  correctional 
^ce^  in  the  case  of  M.  KocUin, 


the  deputy,  who.  was  ptosecuted 
for  a  pamphlet  published  last 
summer,  givmg  an  account  of  the 
transactions  in  Colmar,  connected 
with  the  arrest  of  colonel  Canm* 
He  offered,  at  the  tribune  of  the 
chamber  of  deputies,  to  bring  2,000 
witnesses  to  establish  upon  oath 
the  truth  of  his  allegations  against 
the  civil  and  military  authoritiea 
of  the  department,  provided  a 
committee  were  appointed  to  con- 
duct the  inquiry,  and  to  receive 
their  depositions.  He  made  the 
same  offer  to  the  court  of  correc- 
tional police,  where  his  trial  came 
on,  after  six  cases  of  fraud  and 
petty  larceny,  and  where  he  was 
placed  on  the  same  bench  with  the 
vilest  of  criminals.  The  Court 
condemned  M.  Kochlin  to  six 
months  imprisonment,  and  a  fine 
of  3,0Q0  francs.  He.  was  accom- 
panied by  a  great  number  of  his . 
coUes^es  of  the  left  side.  .  Wheji 
they  retired  from  the  coiurt,  thwr 
were  saluted  in  the  •  passage  with 
great  enthusiasm- 

WiNCBESTER. — Some  labour- 
ers, working  in  a  field  belonging 
to  H.  Noyes,  esq.,  of  Thruxton, 
near .  Weyhill,  discovered,  about 
two  feet  under  the  ground,  a  most 
beautiful  tesselated  pavement,  sup- 
posed to  be  the  flooring  of  a  tent 
used  by  some  Roman  generaL 
The  pavement  is  composed  of  small 
dies  about  half  an  inch  square,  of 
yarious  colours,  and,  according  to 
the  different  compartments,  vary- 
ing in  size;  the  workmanship  is 
beautifully  shaded,  and  the  fig^es, 
which  are  mostly  preserved  ^*- 
feotyshow  great  sldU  of  delineation* 
In  die  centre  is  placed  the  general^ 
with  the  right  arm  extended,  dasp* 
ing  a  gpblet-^in  the  left  is  a  spear 
—over  his  shoulder  hangs  a  skin 
of  a  wild  beast,  and  his.  feet  arQ 
resting  on  the  back  of  a  leopard* 


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The  iuBcriptim,  which  m  as  per« 
feet  as  at  first,  is  on  the  npper 
margin  of  the  parement,  and  is  as 
follows : — "  Qvintvs  Natafis  IvH- 
anvs  et  BodenL"  At  the  upper 
side  of  the  square^  just  ahore  the 
letter  Q,  is  a  piece  of  freestone 
about  two  feet  square. 

25.  Ambbicak  Duellino^- 
CFrom  the  "  Firgima  Thnesr) 
The  su]perior  court  of  law  for  New 
Kent  county,  tried  and  determined 
six  several  presentiments,  found 
by  the  grand  jury  against  colonel 
Richard  Graves^  in  each  of  which 
the  defendant  was  charged  with  a 
violation  of  the  act  to  suppress 
duelling.  The  case,  during  the 
last  session  of  the  lesislature,  had 
been  laid  before  that  body,  by  cm^ 
tain  Archibald  Lacy,  with  the 
view  of  removing^  colonel  Graves 
ftom  his  seat.  The  several  pre- 
sentments charged  Richard  Graves 
— Ist,  with  sending  a  challenge 
to  Archibald  Lacy  to  fi^ht  a  duel 
-^Snd,  to  fight  a  duel  with  poison 
— Sr^  for  sending  a  challenge  to 
Archibald  Lacy  to  iight  a  duel,  in 
the  following  manner — that  two 
cups  ^ould  ht  filled,  the  one  with 
pure  water  and  the  other  with 
deadly  poison;  and  that  two  tickets 
should  be  rolled  up  and  put  in  a 
hat ;  and  thcjr,  Graves  and  Lacy, 
should  draw  lots  who  should  drink 
the  cup  of  poison,  &c — 4fth,  for 
sending  a  challenge  to  fight  a  duel 
with  knives,  drc — 5th,  for  chal- 
tenging  him  to  dlaw  a  lot  fbr  a 
cup  of  poison,  whidi  cup  was  to  be 
drunk  by  the  person  to  whom  the 
Ame  ^ould  fall  by  allotment 
The  evidence  went  to  show,  that 
Graves  received  a  challenge  from 
Archibald  Lacy  to  fisht  with  fists, 
two  or  three  days  bmre  themeet* 
ii^  of  die  kmlature  in  1821; 
Onives  idusra  to  accommodate 
bimatUwt  time,  on  account  of  Us 


pubficduties;  bot  pldtged Uttrif 
to  give  him  an  uppmtunity  Of  eft* 
taining  honourable  satiflfiMtioB  im* 
mediately  after  the  risins  ef  the 
legislature.  On  the  Itfth  dr  Mardi, 
Graves  wrote  a  note  to  Lacy^  re- 
questing to  meet  him  at  a  eertaia 
place  to  setiile  the  difierence. 
They  met,  but  CJraves  was  dis- 
abled by  an  accident  in  one  of  his 
legs  and  ande.  Lacy  urged  a  firt 
fi^t ;  but  Graves  proposed  they 
m>uld  put  an  end  to  the  difieieace 
in  the  following  way— that  t#o 
cups  diould  be  fiUed,  the  one  with 
pure  water  and  the  other  wiA 
deadly  poison,  and  set  on  a  f^ 
coveted  with  a  doUi;  that  tw© 
tickets  should  be  rdled  un  and  f«t 
into  a  hat,  the  one  Mai*,  the 
other  marked  P. ;  that  he  who 
drew  the  blank  should  take  hii 
dioice  of  the  two  cups,  and  swat- 
low  its  contents,  and  that  he  who 
drew  the  letter  P.  should  be  boiM 
at  the  peril  of  his  Kfie  and  honoor, 
to  swallow  th^  eontcnts  of  Aj 
other  cup.  Lacy's  answer  to  mi 
proposition  was,  **  I  wiH notdrirf 
poison  to  accommodate  you,  im^ 
will  I  haaard  my  Kfe  witii  you  ia 
any  manner  whatever.**  Grsv^ 
second  proposition  was, "  '^^**5* 
Lacy  insists  on  a  decision  by  bsdif 
exertion,  he  shall  be  accoBMrt^^ 
dated,  under  a  i^edge  of  hooW 
that  he  will  afterwards  meet  eol^ 
nel  Graves  on  equal  ground,  tod 
lodge  no  information,  nor  takes^ 
vantage  of  such  honourable  p'*'?** 
atiotts  as  he  may  nH^*  «  «* 
proporitkm,  La^  answered  m  ^ 
negative,  saying  again  he  weola 
hazard  his  Hfe  in  no  other  w«f 
than  fist  fight.  Here  Grti^ 
under  the  influence  of  pa«sioB,^«>* 
"  I  am  not,  nor  wffl  be  «^*«^J7 
you;  and  to  prove  it,  I  am  wiBhi 
to  go  into  the  wodds  aleoe*  JJJ 
put  a  final  end  to  liie  contest  wi» 


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Ae  liasb  of  tbe  six  counts  laid  in 
the  indictment,  to  which  the  de- 
fendant pleaded  not  guilty^— ^Ver« 
diet.  Not  Guilty. 


JUNE, 

1.  The  Dbaik — David  Morn- 
ion  hai  been  s^itenced  to  seven 
voars*  banishment  by  the  Sootob 
Hijg^  Court  of  Justiciary^  for  vio- 
lating the  sepulchres  of  the  dead. 
On  his  trial.  Dr.  Barclay^  a  teacher 
tf  anataoiy>  deposed  that  some  bo- 
diet  became  decomposed  in  a  few 
lUjVodiers  lasted  much  longer;  in 
soBBd  tha  features  could  not  be 
koownia 48  houii>  whilein othen 
ihsy  mij^  be  recogn^aad  for  a 
wmki  but  much  depended  on  the 
fBBvioua  illness;  he  had  fa^own 
the  features  of  a  Lasear  remain  re- 
■l^^gairBHff  fiir  a  fortnight     In 
Aiee   -wetlka^  a  subject  beoonMs 
wifitlbrthe  purposes  of  dissection. 
^twD  weeks  the  4)uter  skin  oomes 
d^  Wtk  it  the  nailsy  and  the  haiir 
WMldbe  looser  but  marks  on  the 
hkj^  mJAt  be  identified.    He  had 
known  nequent  eases^  where  reb- 
tifesrwerte  mistaken  in  the  bodies 
H^  slgimioi,  and  jnstanofid  one, 
i  a  body  made  of  leather  vrop 
d  ^m  as  being  the  one  they 
I  aa  sMMth  of. 
Iri^    MABBiiB.^«Some  quaiw 
JiSB  ef  white  and  gi^een  marUehav? 
hsen  lately  discovered  in  the  west 
ef  bulandy  wfaidi  premise  to  be 
vary  v»kMUe.    The  white  is  said 
la  be  of  n  quality  superior^  for  the 
porpoae  of  statuary  and  soi^ture^ 
la  aiiy  Italian  rnarUe^  beii^of  the 
mne  teaituzeand  oonstitutkm  with, 
thobnt  Gveciaa  marble;  and  the 

ra  nuwble  is  considered  to  be  of 
fianily  it  the  V€rde  antique, 
mi  tp  fival  in  bcau^,  Ibe  finasi 


N  I  C  I.  E.  69 

Jlieciiiiens  of  that  very  me  and 
oxstly  article. 

2.  This  mornings  about  seven 
o^dock,  an  immense  quantity  Qf 
mfickerel  were  hauled  on  shore  at 
Deal^  having  been  caught  in  a 
seine  net,  to  the  number  of  about 
7>000^*a  circumstance  unpoeoe- 
dented  in  the  annals  of  the  fidieiy ; 
the  whole  w^:e  purchased  in  the 
course  of  an  hour  afterwardjc^  at 
the  rate  of  17'*  per  100. 

8,  Stats  of  Newqatx. — For 
the  last  21  years  there  have  not 
been  so  few  prisoners  within  the 
walls  of  this  prison  as  at  present. 
The  return  made  this  day  to  the 
Court  of  Aldermen  by  the  gover« 
nor,  was  as  follows  >-* 

ll«.W«|Mp 

Convicts  respited  during 

pleasure 1  1 

Sentenced  to  death   .    ,    5  1 
Transported  for  life  .     .    9  10 
Ditto  14  years      ...    2  7 
Ditto    7  years      ...  18  24 
Imprisoned  different  pe- 
riods ......  15  5 

Commihed  by  Commis- 
sioners of  Bankrupts  .     1  0 

Insane I  0 

Judgment  respited    .     .    5  1 

For  the  assizes      ...     1  0 

To  be  tried  next  sessions  43  26 
Remanded  for  next  sea- 

sbns 2  0 

101     74 

There  are  but  8  men  and  7  w<^ 
jnen  in  the  Infirmary^  and  nvwt  ef 
ihose  are  under  cure  for  duordsia 
<»ntiaotBd  before  their  imptiaoiifi 
ment. 

Fbvals  Pbxaohkr^— a  pla- 
o9Bci,  announcing  that  Mary  Brown^ 
0£  Nottingham,  would  preach  oai 
Sunday  at  the  chapel  in  Grubby 
street,  was  last  week  posted  in  difi^ 
m^  parts  <tf  the  dty.  The  novelty 
Mxmii/^  V99t  ci;owds  to  the  sggti 


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Ci«2^. 


snd  although  the  chapel  is  a  spaci- 
ous one^  capable  of  accommodating 
upwards  of  2,000  people,  it  was 
completely  crowded  long  before  the 
time  fixed  for  the  commencement  of 
the  service ;  even  the  window-sills 
and  the  avenues  leading  to  it  were 
'  filled,  nor  was  the  derk  allowed  the 
accustomed  exdusive  possession  of 
his  pew.  The  female  preacher 
had  on  a  nankeen  dress,  and  wore 
a  capon  her  head.  She  took  for 
her  text  a  passage  in  the  Psalms, 
as  follows : — "  Kivers  of  waters 
flow  firom  mine  eyes,  because  men 
keep 'not  thy  commandments ;"  on 
which  she  expatiated  for  upwards 
'  of  an  hour. 

9.  Mr.  Plunkett,  the  attorney- 
general  for  Ireland,  having  obtain- 
ed from  the  Court  of  King's-bench 
a  rule  to  shew  cause  why  an  infor- 
mation should  not  be  filed  against 
a  Mr.  Thomas  Hamilton,  of  Rds- 
crea,  ibr  writinjg  him  a  threaten- 
ing letter,  the  rule  came  to  be  ar- 
gued on  the  2nd  inst.  The  argu- 
ment beinff  resumed'  to-day,  the 
Court  ^et  aside  the  conditional  order, 
and  left  the  attomey-igeneral  to 
his  remedy  by  way  of  indictment. 

)0.  Several  individuals,  male 
and  female,  of  the  religious  sect  call- 
ed, "Primitive  Methodists,"  or, 
"  Ranters,"  have  been  preaching 
in  various  parts  of  the  town  of 
Shrewsbury,  durine  the  last  twelve 
months,  and  have  a  licensed  place  of 
worship  in  Barker-street.  Yester- 
day, one  of  them  commenced  an 
address  near  Market  Hall,  remon- 
-strating  against  the  folly  and  vice 
attendfljat  upon  Shrewsbury  show. 
'Instead  of  removing  these  fanatics 
by  lawful  means,  c&ums  and  fifes 
were  procured  by  one  or  two  indi- 
viduals, and  a  military  party  was 
ordered  to  march  through  the  as- 
sembly, to  drown  the  voices  of 
the  speakers  and  singers:  this  oppo- 


sition, of  course,  strongly  excited 
the  enthusiasm  of  the  sectaries, 
'  and  occasioned  much  tumult,  and 
*  several  battles  among  the  crowd, 
which  continued  after  the  preach- 
ers had  gone  away.  This  morn- 
ing, the  street  preachers  again  sang 
a  hymn  near  the  same  spot,  and 
announced  *' Divine  Service  there 
at  2  o'dock."  It  was  accordingly 
held  peaceably,  until  one  person  di 
a  state  of  inebriety  went  out  of  a 
public-house,  with  a  pint  jug  of  ale 
in  his  hand,  and  advancing  to  the 
preacher,  was  in  the  act  of  ofier- 
'  inghim  the  contents  to  drink,  when 
another  person  struck  him  a  violent 
blow,  and  knocked  him  dowif. 
This  was  the  commencement  df 
tumult;  eggs  were  thrown  from 
an  opposite  window,  and  an  end^ 
was  put  to  the  preaching.  The 
preachers  were  followed  ^  a  po- 
lice officer,  who-  conveyed  two 
before  the  Maybr,*  where  an  in*- 
habitant  deposed  that  he  had  been 
annoyed  by  their  proceedings,  and 
they  were  in  consequence  coniiifit- 
ted  to  gaol.  The  Mayor  aSer€Si 
to  liberate  them,  on  their  piomi^ 
ing  not  to  pre^h  again  in  Shrews- 
bury; they  declined  to  give  any 
such  pledge,  but  promised  to  re- 
frain nrom  offending  in  the  ctetie 
of  the  town. 

Superstition.  —  The  eldest 
daughter  of  a  French  lady,  res^inj^ 
in  Bouverie-street,  had  been  af- 
flicted with  a  most  severe  and  ex- 
cruciating nervous  complaint  for 
the  period  of  18  months.  When 
she  attempted  to  leave  her  bed,  the 
depending  posture  of  the  leffs  pr^ 
duced  the  greatest  agony  m  the 
stomach  and  bowels ;  and  after  the 
attempt,  she  would  lie  for  several 
hours,  suffering  under  acute  hys- 
terical flatulence,  distension^  and 
violent  head-ach.  In  short,  her 
agony    was    extreme,     and    abt 


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becameoompletely  bed-ridden.  She 
WS8  com^tantly  bedewed  with 
dbuniny  perspiratioxis ;  her  face 
was  exangainey  Im  body  emaci- 
ated. The  most  eminent  physi- 
cian in  this  city  attendea  this 
young  lady:  by  expostuladont  and 
entreaties  he  endeavoured  to  rouse 
her  to  exertion — by  medicines  and 
diet,  to  correct  the  deranged 
state  of  the  ^stem ;  but  to  no 
purpose.  Six  days  af^  his  kst 
yisity  he  received  a  long  letter  from 
this  young  lady^  stating  herself  to 
be -perfectly  recovered.  She  had 
written  to  prince  Hohenlohe>  who 
ortored  her  to  say  mass  thrice^  and 
to  pray  for  him  ;  at  the  same  time, 
he  would  pray  for  her,  and  after  the 
third  mass  the  would  be  restored 
to  perfect  health.  Her  attempts 
to  kneel  down  at  the  two  first 
masses  were  prevented  by  the  tor- 
tures usually  experienced  upon 
trying  to  quit  her  bed^  Dread 
and  apprehension  lest  she  should 
lose  the  chance  of  recovery,  ena- 
bled her  to  {lerform  genuflexion  at 
the  third  mass,  though  her  at-* 
temps  to  quit  b^  were  equally  ex- 
cruciating. She  rose  quite  well 
bom  her  last  devotions. 

11.  Sfitai^fibldsWsavers — 
The  great  interest .  excited  by  the 
diird  reading  of  the  bill  for  the  re- 
peal of  the  ^talfields  regulations, . 
brought  down  nearly  the  whole 
of  the  poor  persons  employed  in 
the  silk  trade,  to  the  neighbour- 
hood .  of  the  House  of  Commons. 
Pakce-yard  was  thronged  with 
them  in  every  part,  as  was  every 
avenue  of  the  house,  from  the  outer 
door  to  the  members'  lobby.  Many 
members,  and  strangers  who  were 
mistaken  for  members,  were  earn- 
estly solicited  by  various  groups, 
as  they  passed  in,  to  oppose  the 
bill.  The  interest  excited  among 
the  cr  onv'd  was  intense  when  it 


was  communicated  to  them,  that 
the  house  were  dividing  on  the 
third  reading.  As  soon  as  the 
divifflon  was  over,  a  person,  who 
came  from  the  house,  informed 
those  nearest  the  door,  that  the  bill 
was  lost  This  news  spread  in- 
stantly amongst  the  crowd,  and* 
was  received  with  loud  shouts  and 
waving  of  hats.  The  exultation, 
was,  however,  but  short-lived.  The ' 
real  state  of  the  case  was  soon 
made  known — ^that  the  bill  was 
passed  by  a  majority  of  IS.  The 
disappointment  seemed  to  be  deep- 
ly felt  by  all,  but  there  was  not 
the  slightest  disposition  to  disorder 
of  any  kind.  The  crowd  sepa- 
rated into  small  groups,  by  whom 
the  merits  of  the  bill  were  a^oin 
discussed,  and  after  a  little  time 
they  all  retired  peaceably. 

12.  .The  De  Sai^abebry 
Steam-boat  lefl  Quebec  about 
two  o'clock  this  morning,  for  the' 
river  Chambly  and  Montreal,  with 
a  full  cargo,  valued  at  upwards  of 
3,000/1,  consisting  chiefly  of  the 
summer  investments  of  the  mer- 
chants of  the  river  GiamUy ;  and 
had  on  board  240  passen^rs,  men,'^ 
women,  and  children,  chiefly  emi-' 
grants  of  the. poorer  classes.  -  She! 
had  hardly  passed '  Cape  ^uge,  • 
about  four  o'clock,' when  'die  was 
discovered  to 'be  on  fire.  The 
crowd  of.  passengers,  crammed  to-- 
gether  in  so  anoUa  craft,  effec- 
tually baffled  the  spirited  exertions 
of  Mr.  Kuper  and  his  crew,  to 
subdue  the  ramng  element.  In 
this  situation,  Mr.  Kuper,  intent 
only  on  saving  the  lives  of  the  pa»-' 
sengers,  directed  the  boat  to  be 
run  on  shore ;  in  doins  which,  she 
struck  upon  a  rock;  but  the  De 
Salaberry  having  fortunately  two 
large  American  boats,  belonging  to 
some  rafVsmen  who  were  return- 
ing home,  attached  to  her,  these/ 


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miih  h^  own  \oBt,  would  hov^ 
i^m  tiilUr  adequate  ^  eave  every 
ipdividjuiil  ai;id  muc}i  of  the  pro- 
fetty,  had  not  seveiSBl  passengers^ 
^l  a  gt^te  of  umxmtrollahLe  akitn, 
precipitated  themselves  into  the 
valefi  <rf  whom,  thoiigh  every  ex*, 
erti^  was  made  to  save  them,  five 
$fr  six  unhappily  perished. 

Steam  njuvigation  appears  to  be 
i^an^ed  to  a  y^ry  great  extent  in 
t^  Canadas,  On  the  river  St. 
X^twrenoe,  between  Montreal  and 
Quebec,  du?iu^  the  open  season^ 
^hicb  )asts  from  the  1st  of  May 
tip  the  S5t}i  of  Norember,  no  less 
than  leaght  vessels  are  constantly, 
pljring,  of  i^hich  the  largest,  the 
Ididy  Sh^brooke,  is  of  767  tons 
burdep,  and  is  impelled  by  an  en- 
jgine  of  60  horse  power. 

14.  CouBO*  OF  King's  BENOH.'-r. 
Ifuo^tersm  v.  Lovie^ — This,  was 
^  action  for  ^  b^^^u;h  of  prpiaise, 
of  marriage,  tried  by  a  special 
juiry  ij^  I^ndon,  at  tiie  sittings 
before  IgAt,  Hilspry  Term.  Tho; 
JMry  returned  a  verdiat  for  the 
dlmnitifl^  with  500^  damages.  In. 
Milary  Term,  the  Court  gn^ited  a 
rule  to  show  oRUse,  why  a  new 
trial  should  not  be  had,  on  the 
^Kyand  that  the  damages  were  ex- 
pessive;  at  the  same  time  direct- 
ing 150/!.  to  be  paid  into  court,. 
fl9ld'givii^  a  strong  r^ocommend- 
atiirn  tbat  an  arrangement  should 
he  made  between  the  parties. 

It  appc«ired  in  proof  at  the  trial 
that  the  plaintiff  was  a  widow, 
w^o  had  been  twipe  married,  and 
that  the  defendant  was  the  captain 
of  a  West  India  vessel,  in  which 
^he  hfKl  once  ipade  a  voyage,  in 
order  to  join  her  husband*  Af^er 
Mr.  Maopherso^'s  deat|i,  ai|  ao- 
qu^ntanoe  continuiod  between 
them,  and  captain  Loyia  myed  her 
attentions  as  ner  Ipver.  Th^  pro- 
mise relied  on  was  in  writpg,  and 


eo^ressed  in  these  tamt-^'^  Pear 
Mad^m,  I  do  sqlen^y  promise  to 
you,  Mrs.  Macphrarson,  that  I  will 
many  you  when  I  return  from 
Demeraia,  plea^  God,  orjray.you 
l,000/.-^ame8  Lovi^"  T^  ad- 
dress and  the  skpature  were  in  the 
hand- writing  ofthe  defendant,  but, 
the  remainder  of  the  document  was 
written  by  the  plaintiff*.  In  ocdff . 
to  corroborate  this  promise,  pna  to 
repel  tlie  suq^ncion  of  fraud,  Mrsr 
Isabella  Staniforth,  tbe  dauffhtar- 
of  ^e  plaintiff;  Mary  Ami  Mao- 
pherson,  a  younger  daughter  of  tha 
]^a^itifft)y  Mr.  Maqpberpon;  and 
lyirs.  Wallace,  the  pkiatiff'f 
mother,  wec^  cabled,  who.  proved 
that  an  intimacy  subsisted  between 
^e  parties;  that  Mr.  L^vie  had 
i^db^  repeatedly  of  his  in|»iitiait 
to  X)ian7  Mns.  Macpbeirso^;  and 
that  he  had  ^ven  a  dinner  ^  her 
relations  on  board  his  ship,  the 
Lalona,  where  his  oondu^  and  hit 
language  i^oiresponded  with  lus 
previous  expressions.  It  was  alio 
proved^  that  ci^tain  Lovje  had 
offered  a  derk  of  th^  j^aintiff's 
attpmey  150/.,  if  he  would  destmf 
tiie  ^fftepjB0nt ;  at  ^p  semf  time, 
however,  asserting  that  he  pev9F 
int^ade4  to  v^e  s^ch  %  ooat^ftAt 
but  had  si^p^ed  his  nam^  tp  a  P^ 
of  blant:  paper.  For  tlie  4ofeii- 
dant,  ofL  attempt  was  made  to  MJaom*' 
that  the  pronuse  \yas  fraudulently, 
obtained  fp^^i  cap^^  Lovie,  wl>P 
intended  m^^y  to  sign  i^i  9ff^^ 
ment  for  allpwing  Mrs.  Maqpil^l^ 
^n  to  retam  possession  of  ahouse; 
and  witness^  were  caUed  tg  prov^ 
tbat  ^e  had  lived  with  o^ptaui 
Lovie  as  his  mistress;  that  she  ^^ 
generally  a  wpman  of  loose  con- 
versaticm  aud  demaanoiiri  fl^d  that 
^h»  had  beeQ  so  los^  to  aU  sense  ef 
deqeil^,  as  tp  co^npelher  daughter 
Mrs.  Stauifinrth,  to  Si^rve  ber  with, 
bireakfa^  when  i;^  bed  wi|b  b^ 


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CHRONICLE. 


73 


iianmour.  The  accusatioD  was^ 
hQwever,  denied  by  Mrs.  Stxuu- 
fertli  ia'podtive  tenns. 

The  Lord  Chief  JuRtice,  having 
^ptad  his  report,  aaked^  whether  vio 
anvogem^t  had  been^  or  could  be 
made  between  l^e  parties? 
.  Mr.  Addphus  said»  none  had 
fawn  {»Qpofied  on  the  part  of  the 
plaintiff. 

Mr.  Scarlett  observed,  that  150^ 
bad  been  paid  into  Court,  and  he 
was  1^7  to  suffer  the  plaintiff  to 
liBtain  that  sum  and  to  pay  i^l  the 


Tbe  Pi^urt  v^ry  strongly  qiged 
Mr*  Ad^phus  to  accede  to  hj^  -pf^^ 
posal;  Imt  he  dedined  it;  in- 
sisting, that  his  dient  had  beei% 
u^ore^  «pd  insulted  as  w^fnan  sel- 
dom  bad  beenr— <t^  she  ba4  the 
stroogeat  d^ums  on  the  jqstice  of 
ik»  Court-*an4  that  he  should  be 
guilty  of  a  base  and  unmanly  de- 
idictioD  ^  his  duty  af  ^  advo>« 
cate,  if  he  did  not  persist;  in  main- 
Inaiiig  a  rig^t  to  damage^,  which 
evefy  generous  mind  must  feel  to 
}fa  a  scanty  eopipen^alion  for  her 

The  Lord  Chief  Justice  said, 
lilpl  the  rule  must  be  made  abso- 
lute for  a  new  ^xjal«  the  costs  of 
th^  fermw  trial  be^  paid  out  of 
the  monqr  in  Court,  the  trial  being. 
fixc4  for  ^  day  in  the  ensuing  sit- 
tipigB,  and  4ie  plaintiff  having 
judgment  of  th^  te^rm  (if  she  should 
oblan  a  verdict),  unless  the  judge 
should  thinjc  proper  to  stay  it  by 
^rder. 

Mr.  AdolphuB  evp^ssed  a  wish 
to  know  the  grounds  of  the  ded- 
«oii. 

.  The  Lewd  Chief . Justice  saidf  he 
^auld  not  particulai'ly  state  ihep 
^thout  ^opttiomiting  on  the  f^cts 
ip  eyide^pe,  which  might  create  a 
pffjJQdiiBe  ea  the  jeccmd  trial ;  but 
h^  y^  «^^y  !of  opin^i  tfee  ^9^ 


ought  to  be  subqutt^.  to  ^^t^ 

Mr.  Justice  Bayley  apd  Mr. 
Justice  Holroyd  eiq^ressed  th^ 
Qonvicticm  on  the  ge^^raJi  pr^uipl^, 
t^iat  it  was  not  omy  the  jc^t,'^!^. 
the  duty  of  theCour^  wjiepevar 
they  thought  a  vQr4ict  pressed  too 
hard  on  cither  party,  to  s^d  4^ 
case  \o  ^  8ec(md  ju^. 

Mr.  Adolphus  l)egged  to  v^j^, 
tion,  as  a  reason  for  the  peculiar 
wuipl)^  and  ,eskmeatn9ft  with 
which  he  had  pressed  his  client's 
cause,  that  the  defendant  h&d  put 
an  ^][ecution  into  h^  hoyi^,  and 
had  continued  hi^  egression  up  to 
the  p?esen|;  tifne. 

10.  Houa^i  QF  Lo^L9».r^Lojf4 
y.  TrmlestoH^^^TJm  was  a^  afv. 
peal  frpn]f  the  Court  of  Chancery 
in  Ireland.  Some  y^ars  agQ  the 
late  lord  TnipkstQa,  who  ^ad  ip 
the  latter  pa^  of  his  UI6b  m#r|}ed 
a  second  w^ei,  Misil  Ai^  £u#ta4^ 
%  ypung  My  of  wwideiaWp 
beauty,  now  married  to  QenersJl 
Loyd,  died,  leaving  \ry  hi^  will  Hm 
hvixk  of  his  e^tt^es  to  luf  widow:, 
to  |he  exdusion  of  hi^  son,  ^  pre^ 
sent  l(Nrd  Trimleston.  The  vfjidit^y 
of  his  loi^ship^s  wiU  wfis  C(we* 
quently  questioned^  Vf^  c^  9uit  yfm 
inatl^ted  vfk  thf)  I^iah  court  of 
Chancery..  The  Iprd  chancellor  di?) 
lectedaniiSiieintheCourtpfKipg's? 
banch,  to  try  the  validity  of  thjfe. 
will.  A  trial  at  bar  wa9  ^ccqvdr 
Vfi^  had  before  tha  judges  of  ^hal 
court,  in  which  it  was  urged,  q^l 
^e  part  of  lord  Tpmle^n,  thni 
hii  fath^  had  been  prpyailed  upon 
by  the  undue  in^u^ip^  ^  his  ]^y 
to  execute  the  will  i|i  q^ef!^«a. 
The  ti4l  Iw^  fourt^i^  days*  hutj 
thp  jury  did  poJ^  w^j  nine  de^ 
daruigi^  feyeur  9«  QQ^*4^«  i^id 
thr?e  qn  the  other-  A  ^4»1  at.  har 
was  t^n  \^  before  the  judgas  of 
a^  Coiff  t  of  Cow»on  f]mi  wiJJ^ 


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tlBftS/ 


lasted  for  11  days*  A  great  many 
strong  fiBcts  were  swom^  to  as. 
instances  of .  the  influence  which 
the  lady  possessed  over  the  late 
lord ;  whik,  on  the  other  side,  evi- 
dence was  adduced  to  justify  on 
prohaUe  grounds  his  lordship's 
disinheriting  his  son.  Lord  Nor- 
bury  chorgS  in  favour  ofgeneral 
Loyd;  and  Mr.  Justice  iQetcher 
(lately  dead)  and  Mr.  Justice 
Moore  in  favour  of  lord  Trimles- 
ton.  Mr.  Justice  Johnson  did  not 
sit  upon  the  occasion.  The  Jury, 
after  eonsiderahle  deliberation, 
found  their  verdict  in  favour  of 
lord.Trimleston,  against  the  vali- 
dity of  the  wiU.  A  motion  whs 
made  to  the  lord  chancellor  to  set 
iliis  verdict  aside,  as  being  against 
the  weight  of  evidence,  and  to 
grant  a  new  triaL  His  lordship 
refused  the  motion;  and  against 
that  decision  general  Loyd  now 
appealed  to  the  House  of  Lords. 
Bdbre,  however,  the  merits  of  the 
ease  were  gone  into,  the  attomey- 
gen^nl,  on  behalf  of  the  appellants, 
urged,  as  a  preliminary  objection, 
that  lord  Manners  had  refused  the 
motion  without  having  the  judges' 
notes  of  the  trial  before  him,  wmch 
rendered  it  impossible  that  Ids  lord- 
ship could  pronounce  an  aceurate 
deasion,  as  to  whether  or  not .  the 
verdict  was  had  uzainst  the  weight 
ef  evidence.  Aner  some  discus- 
sion of  this  point,  tl^  House  of 
Lords  yielded  to  the  objection,  and 
directed  that  the  chanceUor  should 
procure  the  judges'  notes  of  the 
evidence,  and  re-hear  the  motion. 
18.  MoNTRBAii. — ^Three  boys, 
the  eldest  about  17  years  of  age, 
were  returning  to  the  eastern  side 
of  the  Ottaway  in  a  canoe,  con- 
taining about  600  weight  of  flour; 
from  want  g(  knowledge  of  the 
daijiger  of  crossing  near  to  the 
Chene  Ri^ids,  they  did  not  go  far 


enough  up  the  river.  Afler  having 
paddkd  nearly  half  the  width  of 
the  stream,  ^e  canoe  was  observed, 
by  several  on  the  shore,  to  be  drawn 
by  the  force  of  the  current  towards 
the  vortex  which  this  tremendous 
rs^id  presents.  She  was  going 
down  broadside,  in  which  case  im- 
mediate death  must  have  been  the 
event ;  but  with  great  pres^ice  of 
mind,  the  boy  at  me  hdm  righted 
her,  and  headed  down  the  stx^eam. 
Scarcely  had  he  done  this,  when, 
with  the  velocity  of  lightning,  the 
canoe  dashed  among  the  terrific 
breakers,  and  w^  lor  a  moment 
lost  to  th^  petrified  spectators  on 
the  banks,  who,  standing  in  full 
view  of  the  scene,  could  render  no 
assistance  to  the  sufferers.  Again 
the  canoe  appeared,  and  the  largest 
boy  was  seen  to  throw -overboard 
some  bags  of  flour.  Instantane- 
ously they  disappeared  among  the 
waves,  and  the  spectators  gave 
them  up  as  lost.  Although  the 
canoe  was  forced  through  a  swell 
which  is  said  to  rise  above  20  feet 
high,  yet  the  boys  adhered  to  the 
boat,  which  was  upset  three  times 
in  succession.  Messrs.  M'GiUivray 
and  Monier,'  of  HuU,  who  faad^ 
been  witnesses  of  the  events  ran  to 
the  lower  landing,  where,  finding 
a  canoe,  they  sprang  into  it,  ana 
pulled  for  t^  other  side,  to  save 
the  boys  if  possible.  Another, 
however,  had  rowed  towards  them . 
from  the  other  side,  and  found 
them  clinging  around  their  canoe, 
which  was  upset.  The  swell  was 
still  so  great,  that  those,  who  came 
to  assist,  could  not  reach  them. 
They  were  therefore,  obliged  to  let 
them  float  down  still  fuiiher,  be- 
fore they  oo(dd  rescue  them  from' 
their  perilous  condition.  The 
largest  boy  had,  with  admirable 
presence  of  mind,  as  soon*as  they 
emerged  from  the  heaviest  part  cif 


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76 


the  'sweUj  directed  the  smaller  two 
to  approach  each  other^  and  lock 
their  arms  across  the  bottom  of 
the  canoe.  This  being  done^  he 
placed'  himself  at  the  stem^  and 
grasping  with  his  hands  the  gun- 
wale ^on  both  sideS;  gave  her  di- 
rection down  the  stream.  Th^ 
were  perceived  in  this  situation  by 
the  canoe  from  the  eastern  side. 
After  they  had  gone  down  about  a 
mile,  they  were  taken  off,  previous 
to  which  the  smaller  boys  com- 
plained grievously  that  their  hands 
were  cramped. 

Thb  Army.  —  Gbneral  or- 
DRR.  —  Horst'Guards,  June  18, 
1823. 

HiB  majesty  has  been  pleased  to 
irpprove  of  the  discontinuance  of 
breeches,  l^^gs,  and  shoes,  as 
^part  of  die  cubing  of  the  infentiy 
^oldi^r,  and  of  blue  gray  doth 
trowsers,  and  half-boc^,  being 
substitnted. 

Patterns  of  the  articles  intended 
to  be  adopted  have  been  prepared, 
snded,  and  deposited  at  the  proper 
office,  in  Spring-gardens,  and  all 
supplies  on  account  of  clothing  for 
the  ensuing  period  are  to  be  made 
in  strict  conformity  thereto. 

Ill  order  to  indemnify  the  colo- 
*nek  for  the  additional  expexise  they 
will  in  consequence  incur,  tli^ 
waistcoat  hitherto  provided  with 
the  dothing,  will,  from  the  15th  of 
'December  next,  be  considered  as 
an  article  of  necessaries  to  be  fur- 
nidied  by  the  soldier,  who,  being 
'relieved  from  the  cost  of  the  long 
and  short  ^ter,  as  also,  from  the 
stoppage  hitherto  made  in  aid  of 
the  extra  expense  of  the  trowsers, 
(in  all  cases  where  such  have  been 
allowed  to  be  furnished  as  part  of 
the  dothing  of  r^ments),  and 
^being,  moreover,  supplied  with  ar- 
ticles of  a  description  calculated  to 
last  longer  than  the  breeches  aad 


shoes  now  issued,  cannot  fail  to  bb 
benefitted  by  tbe  above  arrange- 
ment; 

The  waistcoats  are  to  be  made 
upon  aU  occasions  in  strict  confor- 
mity to  the  approved  pattern. 

The  non-commissioned  officers, 
drummers,  and  privates  of  the  in- 
fantry regiments,  both  at  home  and 
abroad,  are  at  all  times  to  be  in 
possession  of  a  pair  of  white  Hnen 
trowsers  (conformable  to  a  pattern 
which  has  been  sealed  and  depo- 
sited at  the  clothing  offioe),  to  be 
worn  on  all  occasions  of  dress  pa- 
rade, instead  of  a  second  pair  of 
doth  troWsers,  with  which  they 
have  hitherto  been  required  to  te^ 
nish  themsdves. 

-  The  dark  gray  trowsers,  whkh 
were  formeriy  supplied  at  the  cm- 
tion  of  the  colonds,  are  entirely 
abolished. 

The  60th,  and  all  rifle  raiments, 
will  continue  to  wear  green  trow- 
sers,   as  at    present    established. 
R^ments  in  the  West  Indies  will 
'  continue  the  use  of  blue  serge. 

With  the  view  of  placing  the  re- 
'  ^ments  serving  in  the  West  Indies, 
whose  serge  trowsers  are  inferior 
in  value  to  the  doth  trowsers  of 
the  rest  of  the  in&ntry,  on  an 
equal  footing  with  them,  three  pair 
i£  cotton  socks  for  the  se^eants, 
and  two  pair  for  the  odier  ranks, 
will  be  furnished  by  the  colonel, 
and  in  future  form  part  of  the  soU 
dier's  annual  equipment 

It  will  be  perceived  that  the 
above  regulations  are  not  intended 
to  apply  to  the  Highland  regi- 
ments, or  to  the  RoyafStaff  Corps, 
which  will  continue  on  their  pre- 
sent footing. 

By  command  ci  his  Royal  High- 
ness the  Commander  in  Chi^, 

HSNRT  TORRBNS, 

Adjutant-General. 
^     19*   HiGB  Court  of   Y^bub-^ 


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ANNUAL   REGISTER.        iim. 


oAXMB^ldJUUhm  f»  Stoqk  nr 
TuADE^-^Milhr  against  Bloou^ 
Jield  and  Slade. — ^Tms  was  an  i^ 
seal  tp  the  dakpitef  from  the 
Court  of  the  pecuSar  mid  exempt 
jurisdiction  of  Great  Camfbrd  and 
Poole^  Donetthirey  which  was 
prosecuted  hy  J.  B.  Bloomfield 
and  Robert  Slade,  jun.,  church- 
wardens ci  the  parish  of  St* 
James^  in  the  town  and  county  oi 
the  town  of  PodLe,  against  Richaxil 
Miller,  a  parishioner  of  the  parish 
ingestion,  for  non-pajment  of  a 
church-rate,  under  the  following 
(circumstances :  < — On  the  21st  of 
December,  1821,  a  vestry  was 
held  in  St.  James's  parish,  pur- 
suant to  public  notice,  in  order  fio 
make  *'  a  church-rate  or  asflofts 
ment  on  the  inhabitants,  ooou- 
piers,  and  others  of  the  said 
parish,  liable  to  the  pa}rment  of 
the  same,  for  the  use  of  the 
church  of  St.  Jamas,  and  the  se- 
pair  and  ornaments  theraof."  A 
church-rate  <tf  ^.  in  the  pound 
was  agceed  to;  and  it  was  oip- 
dered,  that  it  should  be  made 
agreeably  to  the  then  existing 
poor-rate,  and  according  to  the 
usual  mode  of  maUn^  the  church- 
late  in  the  parish.  In  ocmformity 
with  the  resolution  and  order  q£ 
the  ves^,  a  rate  of  ^r.  in  tbe 
poupd,  made  after  the  custynnfoy 
mode^  wa»  nsecfsed  oa  the  28tb  rf 
December,  1821;  waa  regulariy 
allowed  by  Mr.  Bowie,  asoffieial ; 
and  was  submitted  to  and  paid  by 
the  mc^ter  part  of  the  inhaUtantp. 
Mr.  Miller  resided*  at  the  period 
1^  settling,  the  rat^  within  the 
parish  of  St.  Jamei^  occupied  eer- 
tain  messuages  snd  tenements 
Amt,  fwd  wv  pomtmi  q(  oi^rtain 
stock  in  trade,*  in  virtue  whereof 
he  had  be^  assessed  iff  the  sum  of 
19^  7f.  Xhiy  p^sessment  Mr. 
.  Mill^  loused  i9  paar^  i»d  a  suit 


was  promoted  agMust  him  intke 
eourt  below,  &c  On  the  Sth  of 
October,  1822,  the  proctor  fiv 
Bloomfield  and  Slade  exhiUted  a 
libel  nwMafftT^g  of  leversl  artickvi 
setting  forth  the  facts  above  stated; 
which  libel  was  admitted  by  the 
judge  of  the  inferior  oouit,  sod  the 
other  i^xictorwas  aisignfd  tod> 
liver  in  his  client's  answers  in  the 
next  court.  From  this  deoree^  sn 
appeal  was  duly  interposed  to  the 
d^mites  on  behalf  of  Mr.  Miller. 

ne  oeuasci  £ar  the  mdhnt 
ar^ed  at  some  lengith  on  the  us* 
fiumessof  asspssing  £or  raisin  0^ 
a  churdi,  the  trademan  or  6BMr> 
the  owner  of  stock,  more  hsari^ 
timx  the  landhold^  or  hn^ 
proprietor.  The  gentlemen  c£  the 
neighbourhood,  were  assessed  u 
£x  their  lands  and  houses;  hot 
hen  was  a  oas^  in  whid»  ^^'•^ 
man  was  assessed  as  for  hooff 
houses,  and  his  stock  in  ^'^J^ 
the  one  eese  the  rate  was  Imm 
aecording  to  nfffPf*!^^  possefliov* 
in  theo£er»  aeeordingtoaMi^p** 
a  distinction  which  savoured  vsy 
little  of  equity  or  of  cocpediaKy* 

The  counsel  for  the  rnqfoaMB^ 
relied  on  the  formal  and  1^ 
9laaQer;»  in  whieh  the  vesfcry  wd 
been  oallect  assembled,  and  M- 
ducted;  and  they  coni^ided,  thst 
it  was  impotsiUa  to  i«ipes«h  thu 
rale.  It  was  by  no  means^n** 
prinoiplef  that  stock  and  po*"^ 
fifipff^  besides  }9^^  and  ioa^i^ 
should  be  deqlai«d  liable  tP^ 
cbial  rates;  n<Mr  were  they  cslW« 
on  their  kvdsbips  to  wni^-,*r 
wWb,  qmfid  the  town  of  ^^'^^ 
WHS  in  ai|y  reiqpeGt  an  old  <»^  •*" 
pbdedpr^oe.  , 

Xbeif  loidsbips  py««^ 
f^ainsl  Ibe  ftppeal«  found  ^^ 
jud«rftheoourt  bdowb^dpj^ 
cmM  duly,  and  retain^  ^ 
prirariml  cause. 


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CHRONICLE. 


77 


Mr  9mger  agaimt  Somle.-^ 
Tfaoa  w»  aa  apped  from  an  in* 
iiBrii)r  jufkdictimi  mder  tba  fbl- 
lowing  angular  ciJraaiitaneea:— * 
SoB»  tfiM  ia  tfaa  nMath  of 
Asgust,  183dy  a  dtatiMi  isnied  on 
tlie  part  of  lite  i«r«  Chaites  Boiwie^ 
ptinapal  offldal  of  die  peculiar 
nd  exempl  kuiaiictiaii  af  Great 
Caaftird  and  Fooler  aad  wasaenred 
inoD  Janaea  Saagcn  ^  tte  paniii 
or  St.  Janei,  i«  P«il^  €H|.,  dtiBg 
Utt  toanswariftftcaaieof  offioe, 
MBotcd  agamrt  Mm  tor  having 
illegally  ereeltd  in  Hbe  fSoAA 
Amk  of  St.  «kMBfl»  aifoeattd^  a 
aomuiient  to  Uie  menKyry  of  hia 
mfo  aad  aene  of  log  faxuiky  with- 
out the  conaent  of  the  ordinary. 
I&  the  «oort  below^  the  dtaaion, 
ealliw  OB  Mr.  Seaoer  to  appear 
and  £ow  oauBOy  ^nij,  "having 
aeled  of  koa  own  mere  authoii^^ 
lariumpBtkni  of  the  power  of  t^ 
oadinaryj  and  without  any  legal 
fiaenae  or  faculty  fint  obta^ied  for 
tfaw  pttrpose^  he*  iteiild  not  he  dfr* 
cnelto  rcnaove  said  aumoinent'* 
waa  retufned*  Aftides  were  ex* 
lahtoed  aganiat  Mr.  Seago*,  whose 
praetor  proteated  against  thenr  ad« 
■iMon^  and  in  Teply  propounded 
an  aOcgaeion^  setting  ftirth^  that 
he  had  dtily  Stained,  aeeoiding  to 
ttm  cuatofli  ef  the  parish^  the  don* 
sent  of  the  ehurehwardens  and 
oviiifvecja  fbr  the  ereefion  of  the 
iBOBnaiest.  This  allegation  waift 
r^eoled ;  and  the  cause  was  i^ 
pMed  to  the  high  coort  of  dele- 


Oor  4ie  part  of  die  respondent^ 
nDk  8awie»  who^  receiving  Mm- 
aelf  the  ordiaar/s  fees  lor  sueh  ft^ 
<^iltieaaad  lieenses^  in  hie  eapadty 
dtpi^ndpal  ofl&eial  of  the  peculiar, 
Ml  isaaed  file  citation,  callii^  on' 
Mr.  Seager  to  answer  in  his  own' 
eooirt,  Th.  Swahey,  Dr.  Do^Mm, 
and  Mr.  Adams,  wne  heard  agaisai 


the  appaaL  Th^  rdiad  on  ib^ 
autlwity  of  all  liie  piinc^  vx^ 
thsikieaupon  ecclesiastical  law<^-« 
Gibam,  Wataon,  AylifBi,  Bwcti, 
hcs — to  show,  that  no  maanaeni 
oeold  be  lanad  within  the  dinndi^ 
withoot  the  conaent  first  had  and 
obtain^  and  a  fecnihy  pnobmed, 
from  the  ordinary,  who  ^i^  alone' 
empoweitd  to  gniiit  it. 

Dr«  LusUngtod,  Dr.  J.  Addams, 
and  lit.  Mereweaihet',  lor  the  ap- 
pellant, argued  for  the  costoni  of 
the  paridi,  whidi  had  always  ac- 
cepted the  consent  of  the  chutid^ 
^»a*dena  and  overseers  aa  snfficienf 
sanction  Ibr  svoh  erections.  They 
fdso  quoted  autiiorilies,  to  iptme, 
i^n  general  analosi^,  that  such 
consent  was  a  valid  and  binding 
authority;  dkey  entreated  their 
lorddiip^  to  condder  wdl  the 
dangerous  consequences  of  c^eidiig 
a  £or  to  extortion,  by  going 
radier  on  the  letter  than  the  spirit 
of  the  law,  and  ddled  upon  themr 
to  exercise  a  vigilant  caution  in  ae 
case,  where  the  originid  party  pm-^ 
ponent,  who  proceeded  by  artklea 
in  tile  court  bdow,  was  at  once 
the  pnrsoer  and  the  jndge  in  hi» 
own  cause. 

The  judges  ddegates  (who  were 
Baron  Wo^,  Mr.  Justke  Holioyd; 
Mr.  Justice  Burrough,  Drs.  Ar-* 
nold,  Jeaner,  Daubeny,  Meyridr^ 
Asxensi  and  fbiggard),  having  con- 
sulted togetiier  for  some  time,  pro- 
aamced  lor  the  Mipeal,  findki^' 
tiwt  tte  judee  of  me  icourt  below 
had  proceeded  wnmgfi^fy. 

S8.  PABRiemSANVSciCIDS. — 

An  inquest  vraahdd  before  iThoma^- 
rHggs,  es^.,  coroner,  on  the^be^Bes 
(X  Tnomas  rMward  onmtns,  esc^*, 
aged  9^  and  Abel  Chiffihs^  his 
aon,  i^ed  SS. 

Thejury  beingswofit,  proceeded 
te  take  a  view  of  the  bodies,  whodi 
lay  at  the  hoiiae.  No.  4,  Maddox- 


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ANNUAL    REGISTER. 


[!«»., 


street^  in  the  ^rawinj^  room.  The. 
floor- of  the  apartment  was  covered 
with  blood ;  the  £Mlier  lay  pros- 
trate on  his  hack  in  one  comer  of 
the  room^  and  the  son  was  lying 
f^hout  seven  yards  from  hiiQ.  They 
resembled  each  other  very  much. 
,  On  the  return  of  the  jury  to  the 
Green  Dragon,  Mr.  Hunter  Ni- 
cholson>  assistant  to  Mr.  King,  of. 
Conduit-street,  surgeon,  bdng 
sworn,  said,  that  he  was  sent  for 
at  haU'-past  12  o'clock  yesterday 
afternoon.  A  person  called  in 
great  hgste,  sa3ring  that  a  gentle- 
man had  shot  himself.  He  went 
immediately,  and  arrived  at  the 
house  five  minutes  after  the  dr^ 
oumstance  had  taken  place.  Wit« 
ness  was  shown  into  the  drawing 
room  on  the  first  floor,  where  he 
found  the  two  bodies,  one  near  the 
doQjr  and  the  other  near  the  fire- 
^ace.  The  father  was  dead ;  but 
the  son  was  not  quite  so,  but  in-, 
aenablew  He  died  in  five  minutes 
Bttsr  his  arrival.  Both  the  de- 
ceased had  their  clothes  on.  On 
esmmining  the  head  of  the  elder 
deceased,  he  found  a  wound  occa- 
sioned by  a  pistol-ball,  from  which 
a  large  quantity  of  blood  had 
4owed,  and  whidi  had  caused  his 
death.  There  were  no  other  marks 
of  violence  on  his  j^erson.  The 
body  of  Mr.  Griffiths  junr.  lay 
near  the  fire-place,  with  a  wound 
on  the  right  temple,  evidently  from 
a  pistol  1^,  which  had  entered  the 
Ittain.  The  brains  of  the  de- 
ceased were  scattered  about  the 
carpet.  ^  There  were  two  small 
pistols  in  the  room— <>ne  on  the 
^ble,  and  the  other  on  the  floor. 
There  was  a  discolouration  on  the 
fore-fin^  of  the  right  hand  of 
Mr.  Griffiths,  jun.,  which  causes 
witness  to  bdieve  he  fired  ofi*  the 
pistols.  The  hands  of  the  other 
jbceased  were  perfectly  detei.   He 


had  his  gloves  on,  and  his  uttibreHa 
and  hat  lay  dose  by  him,  as  if  he 
was  on  the  point  of  leaving  the 
room  when  shot.  . 

William  Wade,  a  man^of  colour, 
said,  that  he  was  servant  to  the 
dec^ksed,  Mr.  Griffiths  sen.,  whose 
son  occasi(mally  visited  the  house. 
Mr.  Abel  Griffiths  was  studying 
the  law;  his  father  did  not  usui^f 
see  him  when  he  made  his  visits. 
He  had  given  orders  to  be  denied 
him  when  his  son  called.    The  last 
time  he  called  was  yesterday  noon, 
about  half-past  twelveo'dock,  when 
witness  was  upstairs.     He  was  in- 
formed by  a  boy  in  t^e  house,  thst 
a  young  gentleman  was  below,  who 
was   desirous  of  seeing  witness's 
master.  Witness  went  Soiwn  stain, 
and  saw  Mr.  Abel  Griffiths  stand- 
ing in  the  passage.     He  had  his 
arms  fblded,  and  appeared  mdan- 
choly  and  dejected.     He  said,  he 
wanted  to  see  his  father,  and  asked, 
if  he  was  at  home ;    witness  an- 
swered '*  that  he  was,"  on  which 
tiie  deceased  asked,  "  Boight  he  g» 
upstairs?"  Witne«ssaid ''no:"  but 
proceeded  up  stairs,  and  informed 
the  father,  who  consented  to  see 
him.    Witness  conducted  him  into 
the  drawing  room,  on  which  he 
bowed  to  his  father,  who  returned 
the  salute.     The  father  was  going 
out  at  the  time,  and  had  previously 
announced  his  intention  of  dcnng  ao 
to  witness.    They  remained  in  ^ 
room  about   20  minutes  and  at 
first  sp<^e  very  low:  witness  heaid 
the  father,  say  to  his  son,  "  That 
he  knew  very  well  what  would  he 
the  end  of  it;  he  (the  son)  wopB; 
not  feel  satisfied,  until  a  |^1  had; 
picked  him  up."     He  also  said, ''  I 
allowed    you  a   certain    sum  of 
money,  and  that  would  have.  kept, 
you  very  well.    You  ought  to  have 
stayed  where,  you  was.".    He  did 
not  hear  the  deceased  repeat  the 


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CHRONICLE. 


79 


specified  sum  which ''l^e  allowed 
lum — ^nor  did  he  know,  where  hii{ 
father  wished  him  to  have  re- 
mained. Witness  also  heard  the 
father  say,  to  his  son,  '^  I  must  go 
out."  His  master  appeared  vexed 
with  his  son  while  in  the  room. 
They  had  not  heen  there  long» 
when  witness  heard  the  report  of  a 
pistoL  He  shortly  after  heard  the 
rqiort  of  a  second  pistol ;  and,  on 
opening  the  door,  he  saw  the  old 
gentleman  lying  on  the  floor,  and 
ueedinjg  very  much. 

24.  The  jury  having  assembled 
at  four  o'clodc  in  the  afternoon, 
proceeded  to  examine  other  wit- 
nesses, the  first  of  whom  w&s — 

Mr.  George  Pinhom,  of  Oranee* 
street.  Bed-lion-square,  chymist. 
He  deposed,  that  he  had  Imown 
the  deceased,  Mr.  Abel  Gii^ths, 
between  two  and  three  ^ars^ 
During  the  whole  of  that  ^riod 
be  had  been  labouring  under  a 
complication  of  disorders,  the  na- 
ture of  which  had^  been  mistaken 
by  his  medical  attendants.  An 
immense%  quantity  of  mercury  had 
been  administered  to  him,  which 
bad  produced  a  nervous  debility 
and  irritation  which  characterLsed 
the  whole  of  the  latter  part  of  his 
Kfe.  Between  two  and  three 
months  ago,  he  called  upon  the 
witness  on  his  return  from  South- 
ampton, and  told  him  that  he  had 
narrowly  escaped  the  jaws  of  death, 
owing  to  the  skill  of  a  medical 

rtleman  of  that  place,  and  that 
thought  his  hc^th  was  then 
restored ;  but  he  still  appeared 
very  nervous  and  irritable,  and 
betrayed  ssnnptoms  of  that  oom- 
^lamtduringthis  interview.  About 
a  wedk  afterwards,  he  sent  fen:  wit- 
ness to  his  lodginss  in  Queen- 
iquare,  and  said,  "  Pinhom,  I  have 
such  a  depresdon  of  the  brain;  that 
jL  cannot  bear  (the  pain :    do  you 


thSnk  leeches  would  do  me  good  ?" 
He  described  the  pain, as  passins 
from  one  temple  to  the  other,  and 
a  great  weight,  bearing  upon  the 
brain.  Witness  applied  his  finger 
to  the  temporal  artery,  and  found 
the  pulsation  uncommonly  vic^ent; 
*  the  patient's  left  eye  was  soffiised 
with  blood;  the  eyelid  had  droi^)ed 
down,  and  had  lost  the  power  of 
contractipgagain.  Witness thou^t 
these  sufficient  indications  that  the 
patient's  brain  was  afiected.  The 
application  of  leeches  afforded  no 
relief,  the  head-ach  and  oppi^ssion 
Still  continued,  and  the  eyelid  re- 
inained  in  the  same  state.  During 
ihis  time,  the  witness  and  the  do-i 
ceased  had  a  conversation,  which 
turned  chiefly  upon  the  mistakes 
made  iby  the  medical  men  who  had 
attended  him,  and  in  the  course  of 
which  the  deceased  q)oke  with  ao 
little  coolness,  as  to  convince  the 
witness  that  his  mind  was  under 
the  influence  of  disease.  Witness 
had  seen  him  very  frequently 
since ;  the  last  time  was  on  Thurs^ 
day  evening,  previously  to  which  he 
had  been  rather  better.  He  wrote 
a  letter  to  witness  in  the  momingi 
of  that  day,  which  was  unintelli-> 
giUe.  It  required  some  '^  hi§^ 
wines,"  instead  of  i^irits  oi  wine» 
as  ^e  witness  understood  after- 
wards  he  meant  Witness  sent 
that  letter  back,  and  the  deceased 
called  in  the  evening.  He  said, 
''  Can't  you  understand  my  writ* 
ing  ?  I  have  had  another  attack  of 
the  pain  in  my  head,  and  I  want 
some  spirit  of  wine  and  laudanum 
to  tdte  off  the  heat."  The  wiu 
toess  then  save  him  some  of  this 
mixture  as  he  liad  done  before. 

The  witness  had  never  heard 
the  deceased  mention  his  father, 
nor  did  l^e  know  that  the  latter 
resided  in  town.  Witness  consi^ 
d^red  the  deceased  in  a  state  of 


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ANNtAL  REGISTER.         nm. 


nervotts  irritability  bcrdeiing  on 
^ifltrftction.  The  deceased  was  an 
inteUi^t^  and^  apparently,  a  very 
amiaMe  youngman,  of  a  humane 
disposition,  mtness  believed^  he 
itudied  very  hmtd.  He  had  never 
mentioned  his  fiither  to  witness^ 
bat  he  had  spoken  of  his  family^ 
and  had  re^tted  that  he  was  de- 
prived^  owmg  to  the  distance  at 
whkh  they  resided  from  him,  of 
tliose  attentions  and  scnrices  to 
Wtnch  he  had  been  accustomed* 
He  oompkined^that,  when  he  went 
mit  to  evening  parties,  he  was 
bMiged».  instead  c^  having  a  car« 
liage,  to  go  home  in  a  ^Kkney-* 
lowch,  or  to  widk,  and  was  thus 
Mposed  to  odid,  which  caused  his 
glands  to  swell,  and  brought  back 
hia  complaints  widi  great  violence. 
MiiCbmhs  Kelson, of  Berwick*- 
alreel,  surgeon,  had  known  the 
yoanger  deceased  for  three  or  four 
yean,  firing  which  period  he  had 
iMended  him  as  a  medical  ^im 
Three  weeks  ago  was  the  last  time 
he  had  seen  hmi,  when,he  seemed 
i»  a  state  amounting  ^  insanity. 
He-  bdieved,  that  any  dista^ss  of 
snnd,  added  to  hia  bodily  infirmity', 
would  hfltve  driven  Imn  mad.  Lat^ 
teriy  the  deceased  had  been  hi 
nmisualiy  low  sgiiitB;  but  even  so 
£ir  as  two  years  back,  he  had 
^fcmphthim  queer.  He  knew 
nodnng  of  any  difierences  between 
the  deceased  and  his  &ther;  he 
bdlevedthat  money  matters  were 
f^^^fAngaala^  mind,  and  he  ap* 
y^very  unhappy.  He  never 
Kfjcjiiilfi^ted  hia  comphdnii^  9f  btn 

^  Samud  Woodward,  of  ibrpou 
street,  soigeuu,  had^kvlbwn  Mr* 
Abel  Gcrimflks  for  the  last  twv  or 
tlferee  monthft  Witnesa  had  been 
eanmlted:  by  fafan- liirae  weeks  1^, 
and  On  Sunday  last.  He  £d  not 
peiceife  any  thing  remarkable  in 


the  state  of  the  deceased's  min^ 
except  that  latterly  he  seemed 
much  dejected  and  absent,  whxck 
witness  thought  proceeded  from 
his  indispoation. 

Mr.  Corbett  Woodward,  of  Fur- 
nival's-inn,  solicitor,  had  known 
the  deceased  for  tl^  last  three 
mondis,  during  which  he  had  re- 
sided at  his  mother's  house  ia 
Qu^en-square.  He  saw  him  almofit 
every  day.  He  fq>peared  to  tt 
labouring  under  a  severe  malady 
in  the  head,  which  at  times  inm 
him  almost  distracted.  He  kept 
his  bed  occasionally,  and  hii 
leedies  applied  behind  the  eari 
Witness  had  not  seen  him  anoe 
Saturday.  He  was  not  aware,  diat 
he  was  in  any  pecuniary  emtMr" 
tassments.  He  did  not  kxunr 
where  the  pistols  were  procuM 
nor  whether  the  deceased  had  any* 
He  kept  no  servant  of  his  owiit, 
but  was  attended  by  Mr.  Wood- 
ward's footman. 

Ci^ptain  Andrew  Vincent,  R.N4 
had  Imown  the  younger  deceased 
six  months.  He  saw  him  laA  M 
Saturday.  He  had  before  inet 
him  frequently  at  dinner  parties 
where  he  had  seemed  to  ^ufier  IP 
much,  that  he  had  several  timei 
gotten  upin  the  middle  of  djiuM^ 
and  had  thit>wn  himself  ap^^ 
S0&,  distracted  with  pain.  He 
ocnnplained  of  great  agony  in  tbe 
head  and  tem^e^  and  it  was  er^ 
d^t  that  the  head  was  the  scat  of 
hia  dfiorder  ;  for,  after  lyiiq^ «  ^ 
mmutes,  his  left  eye  apjP*^? 
bloodshot  and  inflamed.  The  de- 
ceased endeavoured  to  avoid  W 
afliction  as.  mudi  as  he  oopld,  Iff 
refraining  from  wine,  and  drfn^^ 
watbroi^,  On  Saturi^y,  wW 
the  witness  met  him»  be^ajlpetfC" 
extremely  nervous^  and  worse  tlup 
usual;  in  the  latter  part  of  tkeir 
conversation,    the  deceased  hor^ 


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n 


lum  die  oauae,  lie  pat  bif  bfmd  to 
l^is  head  and  nid,  ''  It  is  here  as 
ujrmI;  li  is  np  better/'  alludbff  to 
Ik  nain  ke  ^was  sufferiao.  This 
WBi  Wfoe  12  o'eloek  on  Sitaidaj., 
He  was  to  have  dined  with  witnesa 
qn  Monday.  Witness  knew  no-^ 
tfungqf  hiaaflkJPB,  norwhetberthef 
weve  emharraaBed  or  not.  He 
cooiidered  him  in  a  high  state  of 
nervous  imtation,  and  said  to  a 
ftiepd  that  he  thought  that  he 
would  soon  be  put  under  restraint. 
Re  never  heard  of  his  having  any 
difoenees  with  his  father.  When 
be  cnedy  he  gave  no  reason  for  it ; 
witness  chidhim^  and  invited  him 
to  dine  with  him  on  Monday,  and 
to  eome  early  th|it  they  ndght 
have  some  convenation.  He  was 
#  genUemanly  young  man,  of  e 
Ifaie  mind,  and  poss^ng  9  very 
delicate  sense  of  honour;  he 
vould  feel  hurt  upon  very  trifling 


Abnham  Walker,  asrvant  to 
Mrs.  Woodward,  pf  Queen- 
auune,  stated,  t^  Mr.  Abel 
mffitlM  slept  at  boaie  on  Sunday 
vigft,  and  was  also  at  home 
dimft  the  whole  of  Sunday.  He 
aM^iolveiy  pooily,and  complained 
mck  of  his  head.  He  look  hia 
tds,  but  did  not  eat  so  much  as 
umsiL  He  went  to  bed  s;t  11 
cfeiodc  on  Sunday,  and  witness 
«Mr  him  at  nine  the  next  moiyiing, 
when  he  took  up  hot  water  to  hie 
kad-KKm.  Mr.  Griffiths  appeased 
imwell';  but  the  witneas  OTserved 
BpdiflBsenoe  in  his  behaviour  then. 
On  Monday  moming,  he  break- 
ftsM  with  Mrs.  imd  Miss  Wood* 
Wdipdtwogj^tl^aaeD.  He  had 
wrer  amiiad  tp  witness  for  pow- 
4tr  or  ^fft»  nor  h$A  witne^e  aiqr 
mmm  to  bdieve  ihe  deeeioad 
tbvg^l^lMlionMond^.  These 
Iwnailgwvadae  ofyisiola^baWBg: 


been  Iqa^ad  in  his  room.  When. 
he  went  out,  witness  thought  her 
did  not  appear  quite  so  goo^ 
tempered  as  usual ;  he  looked  £wtt 
and  cross.  The  family  at  Queen-» 
square  were  first  infenned  of  the' 
&tal  accident  by  two  gentlemen 
who  qmne  in  a  hackney  ooadi ;  he 
did  not  hear  what  thev  said,  but^ 
his  mistress  informed  him,  when 
he  and  evenr  body  in  ihe  house 
were  alarmed  and  surprised  at  it 
No  one  ever  called  at  the  house 
for  bills  due  from  the  deceased^ 
mnr  was  he  ever  dunned  for  money. 
Witnem  did  not  know  of  mof 
thing  which  annoyed  him;  aa 
never  suspected  him  tube  out  of 
his  senses,  nor  heard  any  otihar 
person  express  an  opinioii  tetfaat^ 
eflfect. 

Sarah  Lyoi^  of  No.  82,  Creve»« 
street,  stated^  that  she  had  known 
Ur.  Abel  Griffithi^  whom  she  saw 
on  Monday  morning.  She  let  hiaa 
in  at  about  half^ast  1 1,  as  wallas 
she  repolleetad*  He  had  walked 
to  the  house,  and  snamffl  veiy  low 
and  ilL  She  and  her  aister  ob» 
served,  after  he  left  uie  hons^^ 
that  he  looked  as  if  he  was  ma^ 
He  snamrd  veiy  ill  and  low^ 
nkited.  He  caUad  i^pon  a  gea^ 
tieman  who  was  Hvmg  in  hat 
mothei's  hous^  and  whmn  he  had 
fonncriy  bean  in  the  haUt  of. 
Tinting.  That  gendeman's  name 
was  Cats;  he  was  a  person  of 
fortune,  and  resided  oonstantly  la 
her  moihef^s  housa  He  saw  Mn 
Cata  for  a  short  time,  but  the  wi^ 
ness  knew  noduna  of  the  sub|eot 
of  their  conversation.  Shedsdnot 
know  where  Cats  was  now.  Ha. 
had  1^  the  boose;  she  did  not 
know  wbaie  he  waa  gone*  He 
he4  lalhajEt  same  time  ainoe  of 
ynf^  .^#Ynfnrt*rfr*^j  b^t^  die 

Mt  ka«opr  whadier  he  had  goBe* 
'Wettaa^ 


ts. 


Mr.  JMobJUmasm  t£ 
Q 


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ti 


ANI^UAL  REGtSTER.        ims. 


•ireet,  undertaker^  stated^  that  he 
had  been  employed  to  put  the 
bo^es  of  the  deceased  into  coffins ; 
on  stripping  the  younger  Mr. 
Griffiths^  he  found  a  ^k  handker- 
chief, a  powder  flask,  containing 
two  bullets,  and  some  powder. 

After  a  conkiltation  of  nearly 
two  hours,  the  jury  returned  the 
following  verdict:  —  "  Wilful 
ihiirder  of  Thomas  Howard  Grif- 
fiths, by  the  said  Abel  Griffiths, 
who  afterwards  killed  himself  in  a 
sound  state  of  mind." 
•  The  warrant  for  the  interment 
of  the  unfortunate  parricide  in  the 
cross-road  was  then  issued  by  the 
coroner,  and  delivered  over  to 
Robei^ts,  the  summoning  officer,  to 
flee  it'  duly  executed  Several 
friends  of  the,  deceased  having 
aorived  in'  town,  it  was  imamned 
that  resistance  would  have  Tbeen 
cfflfered  (the  verdict  appearing  to 
them  to  be  in  oppontion  to  the 
testimony  produced  at  the  inquiry), 
in  consequence  of  which,  several 
constables  and  watchmen  were 
i^tioned  about  the  neighbourhood. 
Oh  '  the  morning  of  the  !25th, 
aiout  ten  o'clock,  a  party  of  men, 
headed  by'the  coristanle,  proceeded 
ft^  St.  George's  Workhouse, 
Hanover-square,  to  the  house 
where  the  deceased  lay,  and  after 
staying  in  the  house  about  half  an 
hbiir,  returned  again  to  the  Work- 
house with  the  body  enclosed  in  a 
shelL  About  half  past  one  o'clock, 
the  body  was  brought  out  sup- 
ported on  the  shoulders  of  four 
men,-  and  followed  by  a  party  of 
constables  and  watchmen.  The 
rf)litary  procession,  whichiilsereas^ 
in  numbers  as  it  went  along,  pro- 
peeSed  up'  Mount-street,  down 
Sd^th*  Audley-street  into  Stan- 
hope-8tieet,'ftom  thence  inte  Piu*k- 
lane,"  through  Hyde-park-coraer, 
ioid  along  Grosvenor-phice,  until 


Ha  final  anital  at  t)ie  etom-xM 
formed  by  Eaton-street,  Grot- 
venor-place,  and  the  King's-road. 
When  the  procesaoa  arrived  at  the 
ffrave,  which  had  been  previoudr 
dug,  the  constables  arranged  them- 
selves around  it  to  keep  3ie  crowd 
off;  the  shell  was  then  laid  on 
6ie  ground,  and  the  body  of  the 
unfortunate  deceased  taken  out 
It  had  on  a  windins-sheet,  diawen, 
and  stockings,  and  a  quantity  of 
blood  was  dotted  about  the  head; 
the  lining  of  the  shell  was  mnct{ 
stained.  The  body  was  then 
wrapped  in  a  large  piece  of  Rtts- 
flian  matting,  tied  round  with 
some  cord,  and  instantly  dropped 
into  the  hole,  which  was  about  five 
feet  in  depth.  It  was  immediately 
filled  up.  The  disgusting  part  m 
the  ceremony  of  Uirowing  lim^ 
over  the  body,  and  driving  a  stile 
through  it,  was  di^ensed  with. 

25.  Court  op  Common  Plbas 
^Thurtell  v.  Beaumont. -^'^t 
trial  of  this  cause  occupied  tiie. 
Court  from  10  o'clock  in  the  morn* 
ing  until  hear  7, in  the  evenii^. 
It  was  an  action  against  the  di^ 
rectors  of  the  county  fire-o&*t 
to  recover  the  value  of  certain 
property  insured  by  the  plaintiff 
which  was  destroyed  by  fire  itt 
the  month  of  January  last.  The 
plaintifiT  had  been  a  farmer  in  thef 
county  of  Norfolk,  where  he  rentel 
400  acres  of  land,  at  a  rent  of 
800/L  a-year.  Becoming  insolvent 
in  consequence  of  the  pressure  of 
the  times,  he  offered  to  give  up  to 
lease  to  his  landlord,  who  refiiw  ' 
to  take  the  fartn  off  his  hands  he^ 
fore  the  expiration  of  the  temu 
Under  these  circuifiLBtances  he  al" 
bwed  himself  to  be  arrested  bl 
his  brother,  for  a  debt  of  17^ 
with  a  view  to  take  the  benefit  of 
the  insolvent  act.  When  his  land- 
Itttd  perceived  his  detenf&iatioOi 


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■OH  R  0  N  I  C  LE. 


«3 


l^d  A»i  hit  seliednte  was  pre- 
ftpei,  he  tboQgtit  proper  to  come 
to  tenns;  and  the  plinntiff  com- 
pounded with  his  onier  creditors. 
He  then  set  up  a  puhlic-house  in 
Ae  Haymartet,  called  "The 
CocL"  Some  time  afterwards,  he 
determined  to  avail  himself  of  his 
irothef's  knowledge  of  the  silk 
^iiKmess  (the  hfother  having  beeA 
in  that  line  at  Norwich,  but  being 
then  an  uncertificated  bankrupt), 
and  to  enter  into  a  speculation  in 
tf  at  trade.  With  this  view,  hav- 
iag  rvMd  a  sum  of  money  amongst 
his  friends,  upon  some  bills  of  ex- 
change, at  the  dose  of  last  year. 
Tie  took  the  upper  part  of  the 
house,  93,  Watung-street,  pur- 
cSiased  various  quantities  of  bom- 
^nudmr,  lfi)rwi(^  crapes,  and  oiher 
i3k  goocb,  and  placed  them  in  the 
4tbove  witfehouse,  under  the  cai^ 
■of  his  brother,  to  whom  he  in- 
truMed  the  management  of  the 
whole  business,  and  who  was  to 
rieepontheinremises.  The  ground- 
floor  belonged  to  a  Mr.  Penny, 
who  dealt  in  wine  and  spirits. 
The  property  was  insured  in  D©. 
member,  widi  the  defendants,  for 
1^70011  On  die  morning  of  Sun- 
day, Ae  26th  of  January,  182S, 
at  about  fire  o'clock,  a  fire  in  the 
premises  was  discovered  by  the 
Watdinum,  who  immediately  gave 
Aealfltm.  Thefire-engines speedily 
arrived,  but,  owing  to  the  snow 
<m  the  ground,  there  was  so  much 
^Bcufty  in  obtaining  water,  that 
dle^pronises  were  de^royed.  For 
iome  time  nx^einously  to  this,  the 
Ipmher,  whom  die  plaintiff  mx)^ 
foiled  to  be  sleeping  m  the  ware- 
house, was  in  thehabit  of jdeeping 
with  a  female  at  a  lodgine-hpuse 
on  Garlick-hill.  The  evenmg  be- 
toe  the  fire  took  place,  having 
locked  up  the  warehouse  as  ufua^ 
at  about  five  o'dock,  he"  weht  t*> 
V 


Ate  phnntiif  s  house,  in  the  Hay- 
market,  and  from  thence  prooeede4 
to  Stai^te,  Lanibeth,  to  meet  a 
fHend,  with  whom  he  was  togb 
to  the  Opera,  having  obtained  two 
drders  of  admission  for  that  pur- 
pose. He  reached  Stangate  at 
O  o^clock,  and  remained  there  drinb- 
ing  with  his  friend  in  a  publip^ 
house  until  half-past  10  o'clock; 
when  they  set  out  for  the  Opewf. 
Afier  the  ballet  was  over,  they 
proceeded  to  the  Saloon  tavern, 
where  they  remained  carousing 
until  near  5  o'clock  on  Sundi^ 
morning,  wheii  they  thought  it 
tune  to  return  home.  They 
walked  together  as  far  as  Charinf^ 
cross.  Th^  there  parted,  and 
the  plidntin's  brother  went  home 
to  Us  lodgings  on  Garlid^-lul^ 
pissing  through  Bridge-street  and 
-ThameS'Street,  and  was  let  in  b&- 
•tween  five  and  six  o'clock.  Ait 
about  half-past  ten,  he  was  informed 
of  the  fire.  Having  made  out  A 
account  of  the  property  destroyed 
l^  the  fire  (stated  at  1,900/.),  d^ 
juaintiff  presented  his  claini  to  the 
office;  but  several  drcumsisaneea 
having  concurred  to  exdte  strtrng 
suiqncions  in  the  minds  of  the  di^ 
rectors,  they  thought  it  prudent 
to  redst  the  daim,  and  iMive  the 
matter  investigated  before  a  jury. 
The  statement  of  the  brother,  how- 
ever, was  corroborated  in  most  of 
its  material  points  by  the  evid^VD^ 
(^  oUier  witnesses  ;  and  the  wsitdv- 
man,  who  gave  ^e  alarm,  swore,, 
that  he  was  at  his  post/  opposite 
the  pkuntaff's  premises,  from  -  8 
o'dock  in  the  evening  to  the  time 
when  the  &«  was  perceived,  and 
that  it  was  impossible,  that  kny 
lx>dy  could  have  gone  in  or-  dok~ 
unloibwh  to  him.  The  prop«H^>. 
also,  alleged  to  have  be^-  ^m^ 
stroyed,  was  clearly  proved  to 
have  been  in  the  warehouse  down 
G2 


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ANNUAL  HBOISTER.        [!«». 


to  the  itenod  wheti  the  &«  todk 

Amonffst  the  yarious  droom^ 
fltances  of  sospicum,  relied  upon  %7 
the  defendants,  it  wis  stated  by 
Amanda  Gwillen,  the  woman  whe 
^pt  die  brothel  where  the  pbin* 
tin's  brother  lodged,  that  one  day ^ 
while  she  was  cooldnff  in  his 
xbom,  Mary  Dodson,  t&  female 
with  whom  he  li^ed,  said  to  hhn, 
^  If  I  were  vou,  Thurtell,  I  would 
sell  dfall  tne  goods,  and  set  fire 
to  the  warehouse/'  to  which  he  re- 
plied, "  Don't  say  so,  Mary ;  if 
iny  one  were  to  hear  you,  and 
audi  a  thing  were  to  occur  afVerw 
wards,  diey  would  say,  I  set  fire  to 
it  purposely."  Upon  her  crosa-ex* 
amiiiation,  however,  she  admitted, 
Atat,  subsequendy  to  the  fire,  she 
«sd  Thurtell  (die  brotfaer)  had  a 
aqUahble,  which  led  to  a  hear- 
ing before  die  alderman  at  Guild»- 
km-  AnodMT  witaesii,  named 
CpwderoT,  a  waiter  at  the  Golden*- 
oosB,  Charing-CRMS,  stated  that 
be  was  eng^ed  in  Deoembec, 
18121^  to  ke^  a  publio-house  tar 
4ie  plaintiff's  brother,  hi  Ixmg^ 
aem,  who,  while  he  was  in  his  aeiv 
vioe»  pnmoaad,  thsit  die  witaeas 
akcmld  tjke  a  house  in  his  own 
MBne,  akid  put  ooods  into  it;  and 
heviiu;  iamed  £em,  he  (Thurtell) 
woula  lemovo  them,  and  set  flie 
Ip^  the  house.  Tbia  proposal  the 
witness  dedined.  On  his  caosft- 
emnination  he  said,  that  he  re- 
mained in  his  serWee  three  weeks 
after  this;  and  although  he  knew 
ef  the  fire  a  day  or  two  after  it 
oeouned,  it  was  only  last  month 
b0  menttoned  this  citciimsCanee  to 
Ite&aetqrs.  He  edmittect,  duDt» 
ift  a  GOHyenatioD  with  Thurtdl, 
akoQt  dime  months  a^,  he 
tkieatened,  unless  he  paid  him  1 7t, 
which  he  owed  him»  to  mention 
diia  to  die  directocSf 


The  judge;,  in  Ui  cka^  ta 
the  jury,  <£senred,  diat  althoof^ 
die  witneM  Thurtell  hal  prond 
himself  to  be  in  the  lowest  state 
cS  d^xadation,  in  pobt  of  jamA 
feeling,  yet  they  were  not,  thci# 
fore,  to  presume,  in  the  absence  df 
all  evidence  of  the  fact,  thathehfli 
setfiretodiese  premises;  particoi 
larly  as  die  other  evidence  in  Iks 
cale  had  corroborated  the  material 
parts  of  his  account,  and  proved  it 
to  be  almost  impossible  that  kl 
had  committed  the  act  of  wkidike 
had  been  suspected.  Verdkt  fe 
the  pkdntiff. 


JULY. 

1.  DaAXATie  PUFFlKO-— Ift^ 
demoiselle  Oeorgeisnow  ttaveffiiig 
trough  the  departments  of  ^^^^ 
and  exhibiting  on  dieir  ^^'^ 
diat  radier  extEavB{;ant  mode^ 
performing,  which  is  not  tM^ 
ttlishedindiecapitaL  Shecasisi 
widi  her  a  kind  of  hcraldrfk* 
&me;  and  this  person  in  one  « 
the  journals  styles  her  the  *»-Qtt« 
of  me  actresaes-^he  most  wj^ 
tiAd  woman  at  preaetit  <m  W 
st^."  The  fblkwing  iB^e» 
cular  letter,  by  which  d»mangj 
of  die  diealfe  of  Angers  iijvrtei 
the  chief  persona  of  his  disW*J* 
attend  the  performances  of  »* 
"  Queen  of  beautHulaotfesM*^-^ 

"  Monaieur,r— Mad.  Gt^  ^ 
first  tragic  perflonner  of  Frsee» 
and  of  the  two  theatres  of  the  <ap 
tal,  having  been  pleaaed  to  oo^seai 
to  appear  on  the  stM^  to  wU^ 
endeavour  to  drew  the  hoiMn^^ 
Dublic,  I  dare  hope  that  you^* 
deign  to  encourage  my  dSbt^  bf^ 
tribute  of  admiretum  in  Aw'*' 
the  most  beaudful  woman  in  ^ 
rope— 4uch  a  woman  as  has  w 
here^in  aB  die  pomp  e^ ''>'' 


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JIM.] 


.CURONipLE. 


86 


.,     Tfce  pupil  of  Talua 

mod  WademoiieBe  Baaocmrt^  and* 
above  all,  of  benedfient  and  gene* 

I  Nataixe^  m  coming  to  aee  Mift- 
laUe  Oeoive,  jrou  will  see  at 

,  Nature,  Talma,  and  Rau- 
court  In  the  fine  part  of  Semi« 
munis  she  will  appear  with  100,000 
crowni'  worth  o£  diamonds.  All 
the  omam^ts,  which  she  wears  in 
that  tragedy,  are  precious  stones* 
"  I  jHEcmt  yegy  humUe  respects, 

9*  Ckmm^^^In  the  pari^  of 
Castldiaven,  within  3  miles  of 
Skibbereen,  the  rector,  the  fier. 
fi^  Uortitt,  finding  it  impossible  to 
otam  payment  of  his  tithes,  pnv 
cnred  a  wanaat  of  ^stsess^  wh^ 
weaxntmsted  to  his  proctor,  and 
ftve^olkar  «ud>  who  were  appoint-' 
ed  neoial^constables,  to  ezecnte  it 
on  Uie  pastka.  For  tiie  nu»e 
fBKtaalgrescnration  of  the  peace, 
a jpsrQr  of.the  pDUce,  consisting  ci 
Iiaiil.Hawhshaw,  and  four  moont* 
ei  and  seven  dismounted  men, 
<arioaed  at  Skibbereen, wectorder^ 
•i  to^  assist  them.  Accofdinc^jr, 
Aaf  wooeeded  to  the  ground,  and 
viiea  some  cattle,  whea  the  conn. 
tgf  people,  assembled  in  gieat 
BOBiben and  resisted.  Thepdice 
tndoonstahles  were  ohliged;,  in  their 
own  defence,  having  abandoned  the 
Mtia,  to  keep  up  a  constant  fire, 
whkh  was  returned  by  the  country 
people  wiUi  voUies  of  skmes.  Fi- 
ually,  the  police  and  constables 
were  obfiged  to  retreat,  leavii^ 
one  of  the  police,  named  Bowen, 
•nd  the  proctor,  named  DiisooU, 
KDed;  several  of  the  party  were 
itpunded.  TKq  (xkintry  people 
laidr  two  shot  dea4>  and  ip  or  1^ 
ws^mdedt  Such  was  the  rapidity' 
ef  th^retmt,  that  lieut.  Hawk- 
die»r  lost  his  o«p,  whidi  was 
knocked  off  by  i^  stone. 

4.  Fanov  Mill  AT  CkmsHt 


Oabdbn.p'-A  sMid  flBMg^  WD; 
given  in  aid  or  the  Spanish  snbir 
scription,  at  Covent-garden  The^t 
atre,  wasnomAousIy  and  splendid- 
ly^  attended.  The  house  was  &&« 
cifuUy  and  well  fitted  up.  The 
front  boxes  of  the  dress  oirde 
were  formed  into  a  temporary 
gallery  for  the  accommodatioB  cxf 
the  Ladies  Patronesses  and  their 
immediate  acquaintance:  the  pit 
was  floored  over  to  the  level 
of  the  stage;  and  the  stage  it- 
self,  covered  with  a  canopy  in 
the    style    of  a   marquee,    wtfi 

backedby  1"^°^''''^^  ^^'^    '^^ 
portion  ai  the  boxes  reserved  for 
the  Ladies^  Patronesses  was  hand* 
somely    furfushed    with    eoache» 
Slid  chairs,  ornamented  with  dra* 
penes  of  Hght  blue  and  gdd,  an^ 
separated  by  cmtains  of  the  same 
material  from  the  odier  part  of 
tbe  dieatre.    The  side  Ixnces  on- 
iSie  right  hand  of  the  stage  wet^ 
filled    VTith   musicians^  who^  to* 
gether  wiUi  a  military  baOd  placed 
abore,  in  the  second  aide,  playeA 
waltses  and  quadrilles  dnrincp  the 
greater  part  of  the  evening.    Three 
circles  for  dancing  were  enclosed 
upcm  the  area,  which  extended  fi^ 
the  back  of  the  stage  to  the  Irontv 
of  the  dress  circle ;  the  house  was 
hung  from  top   to  bottom  with, 
banners,  and  embellished  with  ad- 
ditional chandeliers;   the  saloons 
were  filled  vnth  tables  for  refreili- 
ments ;  and  the  lobbies  and  stair- 
cases, fully  thrown  open,  formed 
an  agreeable  promenade  for  those, 
to  whom  the  crowd    upon    the 
lower  area  proved  oppressive.    The 
company   was  brilliant,  and  the' 
dresses  were  generally  tastefiilfind 
magnificent.    After  the  accounts' 
of  receipts  and  disbursements  woB 
made  up,  a  balance  of  372/1  fin 
was  aU  that  remained,  after  paying 
diarges  to  the  amount  of  betwena 


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ANNUAL.  RKXilSTER.        [imi 


mspaiiov^  to  the  ^aniab  Conw 
oittce. 

>  EmcoNTON  Faib. — Coubt  of 
King'6  Bbnch,  Westminstsb — 
The  Kin^  v.  B^%. — Tliu  wasaa 
infonnation  in  the  nature  of  a  qm 
m»i^r€mlo  againit  Mn  Bigley,  the 
owner  of  the  field  on  which  Echncm- 
ton  fair  is  partly  held>  requiring 
him  to  show  hy  what  authority 
tibe  iair  is  holden*  To  this  the 
defendant  ^j^a^Led  a  custom  for 
such  &ir.  The  affirmative  of  the 
issue  heing  on  the  ddendant^ 
'  Mr.  So^ett^  on  his  behalf^  call- 
ed a.  number  of  witziesses^  who 
proved,  that  the  fair  had  subsisted 
fpt  many  years;  that  it  was 
nriflinally  hdd  in  the  yard  of  the 
9^  but  was  afterwards  removed 
to  Mr.  Bigley's  field,  which  was  a 
more, commodious  situation;  that 
it  was  attended  by  many  of  the 
aei|^hbouring  gentry  and  their 
families,  and  by  thousands  of  p^- 
sons  from  London';  that  there 
lirere  many  sports,  shows,  and 
amusements  provided,  and  also 
booths  for  the  sale  of  light  articles, 
as  toys,  clothes,  hardware,  ribands, 
and  ornaments. 

Mr.  Solicitor-General,  for  the 
Crown,  contended  that  custom  was 
no  plea  for  a  fair;  the  party,  who 
insisted  on  a  right  to  hold  it,  must 
rely  on  a  grant;  and  though  it 
might  not  be  necessary  to  pro- 
duce the  grant,  yet  he  must  show 
such  a  prescription,  as  would  in- 
duce the  jury  to  presume  it.  In 
the  present  case,  however,  not 
even  a  custom  was  shown  for  a 
fidr,  which  was  an  institution  for 
the  purposes  of  commerce,  and  not 
merely  for  shows  and  the  sale  of 
toys. 

Mr.  Justice  Best  interrupted 
the  learned  solicitor,  and  told  him, 
he  thought  there  was  no  evidence 


tat  fustain  the  defendant's  cue.  A 
imx  could  be  evideneed  ooiy  \i$ 
pcQscriptaon;  it  must  have  ili 
proper  officers ;  it  must  he  eslab*' 
%9Mk  principally  for  the  pupMi 
of  commerce,  and  not  mr  mm 
recreation  and  pleasure.  The  ban 
at  Edmonton  had  not  been  shorn 
to  bear  any  of  these  chanusteristici. 

The  jury  immediately  fimnd  a 
verdict  for  the  Crown. 

5.  A  statemcait  of  the  ^fxnSakf 
of  porter  brewed  in  London  \if 
tl»  twelve  fisit  kouses,  ftim^ 
5th  ef  July,  18S2,  to  the  6th-of 
July,  18dS:— 

Bttfck- 
Baittlay,  Peridns,  and:  Gv.  :i5\^m 
Truman,  Hanbary,  and 

Co.  •         *        -ftlfcltf 

Whkibread  and  Co.  ^  .  lilS^M 
BeidandCa  .  -  19^9» 
Coombe,    Ddafield,  and 

Co.        -         .  -  \^f»» 

FeUx  Calvert  and  Co.  -  mjU» 
Henry  Menx  and  Co.  -  IWm 
GoodwynandCo.  -  -  7«»0# 
Elliott  and  Co.  -  -  6l,6i» 
Taylor  and  Co.  -  -  5%7^ 
Tickell,Joaeph  -  -  ^^ 
CrwandCo.      •         -    liM^ 

A  statement  of  the  quanti^  rf 
Ale  brewed  by  the  rix  princ^ 
houses  in  London,  from  the  5th  of 
July,  1822,  to  the  5th  of  Juty, 

182S:— 

Barrett. 

Coding  and  Broadwood  -  28,5SS 

Wyatt  and  Son    -     -  -  19,*!^ 

Charrington  and  Co.  -  -  l6,^ 

Coding,  Thomas     -  -  15,2W 

Ball  and  Co.     -      -  -  12,15^ 

Hale  and  Co.  -        -  -    6,455 

8.  Persia.— The  Persito  Bfr 
nister,  Mir^a  Mahconed  SauliW 
having  effected  the  object  ^^ 
misuon  to  this  country,  and  wf 
the  necessary  arrangements  for  m 
dejpartuze  fin:  Rv^dai  in  thfe«&^ 


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J^Y.'] 


CHR  O  N  I  C  1  £, 


m 


Amp  0i  wm,  immeii  as  Ui  latt 
pnUbacty  ttn  oiBdid  notificfttian 
ftom  Oe  I^iBoe  Ro^u  of  Penisy 
to^he  feofHe  of  Ec^bod^  aad  the 
9&wenl  other  Enropeaa  nttioiity  of 
wli&sh  Ae'filllownff  is  a  ttraj : — 
^  "  Aa  mmj  ftnnbea  feen  Emoi- 
l^eancotRitrieB  luK?e  lalsfy  reeotted, 
asne  toAmmca  and  New  H6^ 
bud/  and  odien  to  Georgia  and 
Dafl^uatany  as  sektien;   his  Royal 
Hi^DMBs  Abhas  Mksa,  the  Pnnee 
Boyal  ^of    Persia,,    through    the 
JMedwua  of  his  miiiister  at  the 
Coint  «£  Great  BntaiB,  pecsonalty 
aasuxca  all  those  who  may  be  tar 
dned  to  tahe  up  their  residence 
4n  his  kingiom  cf  Adairhijan,  of 
winch  tibe  ei^iSai  is  Tabiis,  that, 
on  ^eir  arnVal  in  the  disteict  of 
Sauvidgoboolog^    ha  will  iarae- 
idiataljF  assign  to  them  portions  of 
land^  wiA  resiinoesattadied^  atid 
i'lMUji  xeanistte  for  their  oomfinrt 
•and  anbsutanee^      The  soil   will 
*yibld  abendant  craps  of  wheats 
.hailej^   rioe^  cotton^   and   eTory 
*ipecies  of  fruit  or  grain .  they  may 
dibeae  to  cultivate ;  iuidthenalund 
'pBodnee ef  the'eouaSry  exceeds  that 
u£  any  other  quarter  of  the  flbbe. 
'Besides  xeceivutt  grants  of  hnds, 
.  such  settlers  8hafi>  as  long  as  th^ 
/reside  in  Persia^  be  exempt  from 
.aD  taxes  or  contributions  of  ai^ 
land;  their  proper^  and  persons 
be  held  sacred,  under  the  immedi- 
ate protection  of  the  Prince  him- 
jflet^  who  furth^  engages  that  they 
sbdl  be  treated  widi  the  .ffreatest 
.  kindness  and  attention,  an^  as  is 
the  custom  of  Persi%  be  at  &1II 
liberty  to  enjoy  their  own  religious 
■  omnions    and    feelings,    and    to 
mlow,  withmit  control  'or  inter- 
mpnionj  their  own  mode  of  wor- 
ihip.     As  all  travellers)  who  have 
'  visited  Pet«a>  agree,  ijhat  it  is  the 
best  dknaie  un&r  the  sun>  it  -is 
.|«i)y  aaoefta^.to  6t^,  by  way  of 


#wMi>lJnaaaun,  tlittt  k.ls  the  Usual 
place  of'  reaort  for  peraons  whase 
health  has  been  impaired  hy  a 
residsaee  in  India,  mid  it  race^ 
happens,  that  such  invalids  do  not 
speadily  become  convalescent  from 
tiie  change.  ' 

"His  Royal  Highness,  in  issuing 
his  cemmands  to  give  puUidty  't6 
these  sentiments,  is  prompted  by 
an  ardent  desire  ns^urally  to  pM- 
mote  the  welfare  of  settlers,  aad 
the  improvement  of  his  ooontr>' ; 
which,  he  is  convinced  frrmi-pait 
ex:pmeace,  would*  he  greatly  adr 
vaaced  in  tnawiedgei  Imd  Biatenn 
•ally  benefitted  in  every  point  :«f 
•view,  by  a  more  eii^ended  -and 
famiyar  infteisourse  with  Euro- 
peans, and  especially  with  those 
.whom  he  has  ev^  felt  pleasure  in 
designating  'his'Enriisb  friends-'' 

''The  undersigned,  in  thus  jno- 
muhpting  the  views  and  wishes  of 
las  Prince,  in  d)edience  to    the 

C'trve  commands  with  which  be 
been  honoured,  scarcely  con- 
ceives it  necessary  to  offinr  ai|f  0^ 
servations  upon  the  assorances  given 
in  this  paper,  as  the  cha^racter  of 
his  Royid  Highness  is  so  well  un- 
derstood, and  has  been  so  duly 
appreciated  by  the  subiects  of 
Great  Britain  who  have  K»r  years 
been  dimiiciled  in  Perna,  a»d  to 
which  many  authors,  both  ai  that 
and  oUier  countries,-  have  added 
^leir  testimony;  but  for  th^ 
satisfaction  ai  such  individuals  'as 
may  not  have  the  facility  of  obtain- 
ing information  upon  this  point, 
the  Prince's  devot^  servant,  and 
humble  vq^resentative,  begs  leave 
to  state,  that  his  R^al  Master  has 
ever  been  characterised  as  amiable, 
'  jus^  benevolent,  and  honourable  in 
the  highest  degree ;  though  digni- 
fied in  his  deportment,  extremely 
a&ble;  proverbially  of  a  liberal, 
enlightened;    nnd     magniMiu}ov& 


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M 


ANHDAL  RKGISTER.        [im. 


f 


kb  hirii  prerosatirt  wit) 
inenMnil  ccmsileaitkm ; 


MpfittBd  ;  ft  stieiMMttB  advocM  for 
mre  niorali^,  and  itlig^  widioo^ 
IngotnF;  die  friend  of  the  cmpras^ 
ed  and  needy;  uniformly  admBia* 
tering  stnct  and  impaitial  jnstin, 
*^ —  ait  ibm  lame  tnne  exercaang 
t  with  the  moft 
aident  in 
hill  eadeaToun  te  cultimte  tJw 
vuid»«  and  impiore  the  condition 
at  all  olaflBes  of  Ida  aahjeds^  aa 
&r  aathe  oiKcaniitaioea  in  whieh 
he  i«  placed  will  admit:  indeed^  it 
may  he  aaid  with  tntth,  dwt  he  it 
fiy-^tnaneiitly  distiagoirfied  fiir 
099rw  Tirtne  that  ia  erthnabW  in 
«inliaed  locie^^  or  that  oaa  adom 
[nify  ^  sKmandi  or  iht 

>^Ke.  95,  enat  Ooiani-strtet) 
London,  Jvify  0." 

la  Frnmnm  LoAnt.^^  Parti, 
Jhfy  lot  7  oTofacit,  p*  in.  The 
Fiendi  lean  of  £8^14,516  of 
yttda  was  adfoteed  to  the  hoose 
^  Ifeam.  de  RoUiichili  Bmthei^ 
mJi  Oe.  Four  o'dock  was  tiie 
komr  appointed  hy  the  offieiid  an- 
-nouneement  of  the  nunister  of 
teance  for  receiving  the  tenders  of 
audi^oonpeniea  as  intended  to  bid 
inrthisloan.  The  puhHc rooms  of 
the  minister  of  dnanee  in  his  hotd, 
in  i^of  Neuve  da  Pdii§  Chamm, 
were  thrown  open  to  the  ponHc 
about  two.  By  three,  a  consider- 
-afaAe  number  cif  persons  had  col- 
leeled.  At  four,  the  suileef  piMie 
rooms  was  nearly  filled,  and  the 
apailinent,  where  a  kind  of  bureau 
wta  piii^  for  the  contractors  and 
the  ministers,  was  crowded  to  ex* 
eess<  At  a  fbw  mnutea  past  Ibur, 
a  bustle  in^  orowd  annonneed 
jttn  entrance  of  the  ministers.  Not 
.only  ihe  nunisters  of  finanee  and 
war  attended,  but  the  minister  of 
Ike  hHniiii,  and  the  minister  of 


'^«d»  wa  .^^nflSB 
the  nMtng^opanedy  and  QSdssdlht 
leyal  deoreetv  be  re^i,  ishkh  s» 
thoited  the  ade  of  te  twaM^ 
thiteaolliinsefmitaik  Tbiid» 
croe,  and  Kkesme  <he  mBste^ 
reguhitaon)  fixing  die  esnilitiitni  of 
biddings  &o^  wen  mad.  IL  di 
Villele  then  farmally  deported  « 
the  bureau  ike  seated  paper  on* 
taining  the  amMMMi  finrwhidikft 
would  aDow  tin  trnte  to  be  ad^ 
judged.  Theaa  tenuJito  boit| 
eampleted,  the  r^resentativet  m 
the  diflfareut  eoBq^anies,  who  hi* 
tended  ta  bid»  depasited  thsii^n- 


Co.;    tti 


Hw  lista  weee 
1^ 
Messrs.  Lafitte  and 
MsKs.  Oiaihlhe, 
Co.;  aid,  Meiera.  de 
Bsothers;  and  4lh^  Oeanr  da  id- 
panouae  and Co«  AftarthoyhsA 
dibeav  deposited 
M.  de  yillab  bMm  by 
M.  Lafitta's,  wldeh  wi 
first  M .  Lafitte,  who  had  so» 
bined  with  Axdonin 
othorsofthelihBndl 
a  tender  of  87f.  75»  fi»r 
hundred  of  remas.  Tfais^ 
cited  a  little  movienientindKtJ* 
sembly,  as diermler,  that  day^w 
off  at  90  fhoKS  %S  oanta.  » 
GtufiUke  and  Co.1s  tender  -mm 
then  opened^  and  wmiL  It  -M* 
tained  eaactly  the  same  aftr  « 
87f .  75c.  Messnu  de  Botksdtf 
and  Brothem*  tsnderwas  the  dM 
in  the  order  of  preoentaiioa^  w 
the  diiid  read.  It  ^nested  aoM 
little  movement  in  tlia  meetiag  If 
iu  discrepancy  with  Ifce-t^w*^ 
Mer.  It  oflbved  tn  tim  sdahj 
fbr  hiswNlar  Sffi  55e.,  beingaesj 
f  per  cent,  aho^  them.  W 
Iburth  and  the  laat,  wus  thrt  tf 
M.  de  Lapaneuae.  It  was  djs 
same  as  that^ef.  M.  Lafittaa^li* 


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C  B  RO  9  LC  L  E.^ 


99 


thd 
tiwcaiifeatooftile 

faeylnH  papery  tnoounoed)  dM 
te  eAfuteBd  tho  kitii  to  Mem  d« 
BnlbnUUl  and  Bfothen^  Aeirttii« 
Aer  caneeiug  hi»  1 
wliidi  of  ooune  wu  not 
Theninigteraftci  wMiliannooncod, 
tloit  bis  MMMMOR  was  66f.  500. 
Xkougfa  tlie  fatdtfng  of  Mem.  do 
BofefcacMldwBs  muchUgber  tboa 
the  lot^  it  WIS  still  on  'Cfaiagi 
Iso  good  a  baraaiti|.t2Mt 
^w€«e  sou  at  ooa 
aUfpraninm.  Tha  tima 
»it  was  si]|i{MN9d> 
fiom  the  unifonnity  of  their  Ud* 
had  feanad  a  ooaliftkn  to 
r  km  8»oiig  Fsoidi  oapU 


16.  CmrFUunAtwig  op 

ear  Sv.  Paui/s  at 
r  thet)ight  between  tii# 
&Mi  and  Ifthy  the  waffcnieni  who 
spiayeB  in  maading  soiaa 
jnttan  to  canry  the  water 
xoof •  of  the  ebmsh  of  Sti 
Baid>  bad,  either  by  ini|niideiioaor 
faiaalftihiewj  kit  a  little  chaAiig<* 
tt£>oii.tha  Mal6ia%,  iidtiih  was 
eitfiialyofwood:  hisnot  known 
whether  aone  spofha  feU»  or  who* 
ther  the  meca  boat  of  this  fixe  cooH. 
munkated  a  dame  to  wood  alrea^ 
tub  cousbustSkle  fboai  age.  Aboat 
ima  itt  tiM  inomiaf  y  a  trardler^ 
bayjwaiiiK  tapastf  by  on  bogscbach^ 
the  iaBMs  pouring  out  ki  vo* 
fimn  this  auttmfiottit  adli- 
'nO-ifiHkiediatKyy  by  dhitw 
tmd  bnoching  at  dooi% 
the '  neighbours,  and  ran 
» through  tho  town)  sail* 
lag  oiitlbr  iztnen  ai^  the  neoes^ 
mgf  asslitatiQO  to  extinguish  the 
-A#|bQttt  spite  of  eiperr  eM#* 
^ioftriMthuig  oDold  mf  4hu  Mbk 
boadhi^  the  flameabathig  gained 
400  giaat  fetKength,  and  the  distanoe 
|wiig4oo  vamimMu^  tHiiom^t 


any  aid  MMngintfanottf  I 
iwwimaut,  so  iaterasting  to  4mi 
CatiMfio  r^Hgion,  and  so  TsloaUe 
fer  its  oont^ts.  The  bemitlM 
oedan  of  JAhnou  were  eausiuiied-^ 
a  Test  qoanti^  of  pilkra  h^ 
strarwed  about,  and  some  weie  o?«i 
cakined  by  the  beat  of  the  dames. 
The  firemen  pei'fotaied  prodigies 
of  vakur,  and  several  ^ir^  then* 
sslves  into  the  middk  of  the  iames^ 
to  cat  txff  or  pall  down  ftag^ 
mcnts  of. the  burning  pik;  ihief 
didofery  things  in  fut,  ikfktwm 
eonU  do  to  save  it,  bat  in  tain^ 
This  calamity  was  oarsfiiUy  ccm^ 
eeaied  fna  the  Fope,  in  onlar  «w 
^are  hk  gseat  age  a  grkf 
alract  him  too  mnoh* 


TOnOfl     AMD 

SmcmHB— -A  oause,  remaiUbkftr 
its  romasrtk  detaik,  oane  beibre 
the  sixth  Correctional  €hamber  at 
Paris.  The  9kur  Asacdarl  da 
8et|g^o^  amd  9B,  bad  k»  ISSl 
been  oUUIged,  in  consequenoe  of 
the  potttieal  commotions  wbish 
then  agitsted  Piedmont,  to  kav« 
Turin,  where  be  studied  medicitoei 
On  tiding  vefoge  in  Fnaac^  ha 
ised  hk  lesidenoe  at  Ptans»^Hwre 
he  lo%ed  in  the  house  of  a  ksk^ 
sadthy  who  bad  a  young  and  hand* 
some  dau^itsr.  Aaadaii  abussd 
the  advaDtases  whith  thk  sitoa^ 
tion  affordel  bim,  and  the 
WOflum  became  lihe  victim  of 
ttts*  The  father  having  disooasTi^ 
ed  the  intrigue,  reproached  the 
JHeimonteae  for  hk  oenduct^  and 
e  quanel  ensued,  in  the  eouiaaef 
whkh  Axaolati  bit  with  sooh  iiiry 
the  thuBtb  of  hk  boat,  tlM  4he 
nau  oame  on*  After  thk  aoene 
Aaaolari  canied  off  hk  ndstresa  to 
¥enaBles»  where  they  lired  togei» 
ther  fbr  a  few  deyt^  But^destl^ 
tale  of  the  means  of  esostenee,  and 
reduced  to  Ae  last  dettreeef  deH 
the  two  Wvers  iDKined  m 


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00 


ANNUAL  R£GIST£R.        [wm: 


Awth.  Th63r  henlated  between 
viOols  and  poisoii.  Deciding  tt 
poller  «lie  latter,  they  took  each  a 
jbeught  ooflipoied  of  white  vitriol 
ktfiiaed  in  water.  The  medical 
intneflBeB  proved  that  this  inftuioa 
wat  not  of  a  natuxe  to  cause  death, 
and  in  fact  Assdari  and  his  mis- 
treas  escaped  with  some  scdfoing, 
in  consequence  of  the  bevetage 
acting  as  an  emetic.  This  event, 
however,  led  to  inquiry,  and  A»- 
■olari  was  arrested.  The  Chamber 
of  Accusation  set  aside  the  charge 
of  poisonii^  and  also  of  abdnotbn, 
as  the  girl  had  com]^eted  her  l6th 
year  wiien  she  followed  her  se- 
ducer. The  only  charse,  on  whidi 
proceedings  wece  founded,  was  the 
aasaiUt  on  the  &ther.  Assoltti 
was  sentenced  to  one  yeta^B  irapri* 
aoranent,  and  50  francs'  fine^-*^ 
Journal  des  DebaU. 

Ns8T  OF  CoiNEBs. — On  Mon- 
day se'nnight  a  man  of  the  name 
ef  Whitehouse,  a  labourer,  gave 
information  at  the  police-office  of 
Bixteing^iam,  that,  as  he  was  dig^ 
gng  in  a  garden  belonging  to  one 
Theodore  Moore,  ren^nff  near 
Vau^all,  in  that  town,  he  fdt 
his  spade  repeatedly  come  in  con- 
tact wi^  some  hard  substance; 
wheq,  on  a  further  ezaminatiott, 
he  discovered  that  ^e  soil,  where 
he  was  digging,  and  on  which  cab- 
bages had  been  planted,  was  not  of 
any  considerable  depth,  and  that  it 
was  suf^ixnrted  by  a  boarded  fko&g, 
oomposed  of  a  quttntity  of  planks* 
His  curiosity  led  him  to  exariiine 
faMher,  *  and  on  removing  one  of 
the  planks,  he  discovered  a  large 
eave,  about  seven  feet  deep  anid 
12  feet  wide.  The  man,  to  oorrd^ 
borate  hia  tale,  produced  some  base 
HMRiey,  ooMSting  of  shillings  and 
balf-ctfowns,  wh^  he  said  he  had 
ptokodMpaearthespou    Thenffi* 


toths 


•eps,  on  MMiviBg  this 
lottno  time  in 
place.  The  parties, 
whaft  was  j^olting  against  then^ 
were  i^Mind  buaiy  engagid  M 
filling  up  the  hole.  Onsean^iB^ 
however,  the  officers  disoo««red  a 
staoming-block,  wlndi  had  eri* 
dently  the  ^^peaianoe  of  a  pnii 
having  been  recei^  fiied  dienoiiy 
but  this  latter  artide  had  beea 
timdy  secreted.  The  iaaakf  d 
the  Moores,  mniiattiig  of  two  awa 
and  a  woman,  were  taken  inA 
custody,  and  on  Monday  wfltt 
bconphtup  for  mtaminatioo  at  the 
public-office,  ^^len,  no  evidenoeaih 
pearing  acabnt  ^Mm  ( WMtdMNiie 
having  iSsconded),  and  notUag 
having  been  found  on  the  pnasiiii 
anffidedt  to  orimiiiate  th^  th^ 
weredisduoged.  Itwassuspem 
that  Whitdiottse  was  equally  tfi 
ndnal  with  the  otheim  hot  M 
be  had  been  led  to  givetheinfor 
nation  in  consequence  of  aquanri 
having  arisen  between  them,  aad^ 
that  his  abaootiding  aitiae  pcobi^ 
from  the  influence  of  a  briber « 
from  a  sunneien,  that  wlule  ei^ 
daagedng  Uie  lives  of  hiaassosialfiii 
he  mii^t  be  unconsciously  hln|^ 
ing  his  own  into  periL-— ^JHaiif- 
Mm  Chromde* 

The  Frbnch  Piimb*— A  M* 
of  the  Frendi  newspapera  po^ 
lished  At  Paris,  with  the  mama$> 
of  the  number  of  copies  pnn^ 
Will  show,  that,  notwithstaafi^ 
.the  low  price  of  Bewspapen  ^ 
paper  beii^  sold  for  2d.  £n^i^ 
ibire  is  by  no  means  the  aame  ex- 
tent of  intellectual  appetite  Ihst 
as  in  £nffland»  Tl^  Momteer 
publnhes  ftom  3,000  to  4,09^ 
Journal desOebats,  11,000;  Jc^ 
nsilde  Paris,  8,000;  Courier  Fia*- 
joai^  d,000;  Qiietidienne>  3j50(^; 
Drapeau  Bknc,  5,500-;  Jmnal 
iuCQiiinioi:eQ,4yWO;  GwetM^ 


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Jkwe.3 


C'ftRO  N  VQ  L  S. 


f< 


together  about  .4»000;  OriflMnnM^ 
4Q0;  .  Cabititutk«ttfil  IT^OOO  to 
la^OOO*  These  are  aU  dail^ 
fipen:  no  weekly  newtyopev,  oc 
^um  dajra  nswipaper,  ia  puiUi^id 
in  PariB. 

n.  YoiUK — RAPJi^-^ohn  Bus^ 
ivwB  was  indkiad  for  oonunitting 
a  lape  vnpfm  the  penon  of  Mkt 
Eliaabeth  PuUan,  dui^ter  rf  John 
PuUai^  gentleman^  of  Blubber- 
hoHsei^  in  the  West  Ridii^  oo 
Siiiidf||r  evening  the  15th  of  Juno* 

The.pri3piier  was  a  xobu9i4ook^ 
ing  young  fellow*  about  28  yean 
of  age^  of  stem  and  eoam  f eatuces, 
pJninly  iji^-if^f^^  f^iffi  in  Mweaianoi^ 
aa  Mincultiinl  servant 

Ine  protecutiui*  an  iiitavesti«|^ 
It^^^aiig  joung  girU  (^  mild  and 
pwpyiwin^  apfwaranre»  was  the 
principal  mtness.  She  described 
her.  living  set  out  on  the  Sunday 
asveoiag  finm  her  lather's  residence 
fit  Blubbeifaousesy  «nd  her  arrival 
at  We8t-end»  where  she  joined  a 
farty^  who  afterwaids  went  and 
took  tea  at  Mr.  John  Kay's  house. 
After  qpwvHng  the  evening  with 
this  fiuni^y,  she  set  out  on  her  r^ 
turn  home,  between  six  and  seven 
o'clock;  and  soonitfter  she  entered 
the  fidd-path>  she  met  an  ac* 
qjBajntflnne,  young  Mr.  Horseaian* 
with  whom  iho  stc^iped  a  short 
tim^  in  coaversation  i  they  then 
sepiurated,  as.  he  was  floing  U^ 
wards  Wost-end*  and  we  to  her 
ftther*!^  whidi  was  the  apjpoaU 
way.  She  had  not  long  parted 
fian  Mr.  Horseman*  when  &jq  ob- 
served a  man  lying  dawn  in  the 
ri  field  adjoining  the  pathwi^ 
was  traversing,  and  sbd  reed- 
leoledy  from  his  dresi!,  that  he-  wip 
one  qf  two  men»  who  passed  hejr 
while,  talking,  with  Mi-^Horseman. 
TV  j^ouej:.  w^  the  pesson  n]^ 


not  know  him  befora>  but  waa 
fositire  aa  to  his  .identity;  whoD 
flhe  «ame,  up  to  hin^  he  said  soma* 
thing  to.heiv  which  affi-igbtad  her, 
and  induced  her  to  hurry  by  hinu 
Afler  she  had  passed  him  two  or 
three  yards,  he  gpi  her  ck>thes  be»* 
hind  her  back,  and  attempted  to 
restrain  her.  She  desired  him  to 
desist;  he  nid  he  would  have  a 
kiss,  and  then  asked,  why  she 
slopped  to  speak  with  the  young 
man  just  hrfore.  She  redied,  thai 
the  person  (young  Mr.  Horseman) 
was  far  mone  reqpeotahle  tham  he 
(meaning  the  prisoner)  was,  and 
she  again  insisteji  upon  his  not  im- 
peding her  way ;  the  only  house 
on  the  pathway  was  about  a  quar- 
ter of  a  mile  froaai  the  qiot  where 
the  prisoner  seized  her.  The  j^rir 
sonar's  companion  was  passuw 
dose  by  at  me  time>  but  he  passoS 
oa,  although  she  implored  Ins  as^ 
sistance.  Miss  PulW  then  de« 
scribed  the  particulars  of  tbs 
violent  outrage,  which  the  pri- 
floner  {unoceeded  to  commit  upon 
her,  and  he  prevented  her  &3m 
screaming  by  putting  his  hands 
upon  her  mouth  and  throat.  She 
was  at  length,  after  two  or  three 
minutes,  released  firom  the  prisoner 
hy  two  labouring  men  who  were 
accidentally  passing 

Cro6s-examined.^-She  had  not 
the  smallest  doubt  of  the  identity 
of  the  prisoner :  and  in  answer 
to  several  questions  from  couna^ 
she  persevered  in  ^  detail  she 
had  already  given  respecting  the 
outrage  perpetrated  by  the  pri* 
loner.  She  admitted,  that  he  did 
not  attempt  to  run  away  when  the 
two  men  released  her  from  his 
grasp,  but  that  he  said,  nothing 
could  harm  ]iim>  or  words  to  thai 
efiect»and  foUpwed  the  men  quietly 
alongt.as  they: were  laJciffUug/bM; 


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M 


ANNUAL  RBG.ISTER.        tuHL 


mg  wbwe  he  lodged,  whiob  was 
cme  to  one  of  lier  fkdMi^s  fielda  j 
lie  enterod  the  hcxue,  when  he 
enne  to  it  on  their  way,  and  said, 
Ihad  they  alwavt  knew  where  to 
ind  him.  She  utterly  denied 
hvring  complained  at  the  tiiney 
that  M  had  soiled  her  honnet  and 
dreas.  She  did  teQ  him,  when  he 
ftrat  pulled  at  her,  tode^andnot 
tear  her  elothea. 

James  Biowne  depoied,  dy^on 
tfiia  Sunday  eveninff,  as  he  waa 
lasfling  ahn^  the  pa£  with  Jc^n 
Hall,,  they  saw  the  youoff  girl  in 
the  situation  in  whiim  she  dumbed 
herself  to  ha?e  hecsB  with  die  pri. 
aonerj  and  on  hearins  a  noise,  and 
aeeimp  that  she  stretdied  her  hand 
out  tor  aaaistance,  they  went  m 
and  rescued  her.  Ssttt  sesmea 
veiy  much  Stressed  et  the  treat* 
ttent  she  had  reoeived.  As  they 
escorted  her  home,  the  prisoner 
fiAowed  on  very  carelessly,  and  en« 
tared  his  lodmng. 

John  Hm,  who  accon^Mmied 
the  last  witness,  oonfirmed  his 
itaiement. 

Mrs.  Hannah  Pullan,  the  mother 
of  the  young  lady,  said,  her  daugh* 
ter  was  just  l6  years  of  age,  and 
Was  eonducted  home  to  her  about 
a0?en  o'clock  on  the  eTeninff  of 
Sunday,  the  l^th  of  June  last 
She  was  then  Tery  much  agitated, 
tnd  com|iIaiDed  of  being  very 
>iidely  treated  by  a  man  on  the 
way;  but  it  was  not  until  the  fc^ 
lowing  morning,  after  her  father 
had  gone  out  to  h)ok  after  his  suiu 
f^  that  she  disclosed  the  whole 
Oatuteof  the  outrage  which  she  had 
suffered.  The  witne8s>  naturally 
i^rehensiire  for  the  consequences 
lo.  her  daughter,  ijnmedkitely 
mrised  her  mther,  who  desired 
taepi  tobe  all  silent  upon  the  aub-i 
>iQt,^tt]|til  he  could  .ti^tt^  tut  tlie 


oAoder,  whkh  he  did  htftaa  At 
Thorsday  fiJlowing. 
.  Mr.  John  PuUan,  £ither  ct  ihs 
prosecutrix,  merely  related  Asia* 
Inrmatiott  communicated  to  bim^r 
his  wile,  and  the  immediate  slipi 
which  he  took  to  aacertain  ilis  w* 
fender.  Prisoner  was,  he  undo- 
stood,  II  Cambridga^iie  laboani^ 
who  had  been  li^ehr  eopkytd  it 
Yorkdiiie,  in  embaiudng  roads. 

Crosa-ezamined. — The  pmaef 
did  not  attempt  to  go  out  of  Ihl 
neighbourhood;  he  was  tt  Ui 
won  in  the  usual  way^  on  Moadaf 
and  Tuesday  of  the  week  aflRr  tlia 
particuhff  Sumday. 

John  BeedoelW  the  eonataU^ 
Iqr  virtue  of  a  warvaat  whidi  hoi 
been  put  into  his  knnda  on  ttet* 
day  mon^ng,  went  in  aearah  tt 
tiiepriioner,  and  foynd  himas> 
hiding  in  a  photatioi^;  he  |it» 
tended  to  be  poorly,  and  tbatM 
was  only  resting  befoie  he  got  ta 
West-end,  where  he  wished  la 
enjoy  a  drink  of  ale.  IhewitaeH 
said,  he  feared  he  wanted  mat* 
thii^  dse  besides  the  ale,  Snd  tbi 
he  must  be  frightened  «s  well  si 
sick,  after  what  he  had  doot  on  tfai 
previous  Sunday^  H&said,hebMW 
notbing  ebout  the  Sunday,  fo  ki 
was  ''tossed,  <nr  tessiosttdi'; 
during  most  of  ihat  di^. 

Mr.  Shaw,  a  medieal  F*^ 
tioMr,  gafe  the  usual  evidenee  ol 
h^ury,  for  the  proseoutrix^  whkm 
the  oeoasion  required* 

Mr.  John  Elliot  was  calle^ 
He  said,  Itet  he  had  been  the  eUtf 
overaeer  of  the  poor  in  the  toim 
ofMai«h,inCambri^ediiit.    Hs 

knew  theivisotter  asbdngent^JJ 
of  that  part  of  the  country,  std 
chargeable  to  their  paiish;  hi 
knew  him  to  hawbeen  in«  virf^J 
state  of  derangement  towards  »J 
dose  of  Oe  year  IttM)^  he  M 
parosUsl  asfie^  bst  waskft  tti^ 


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(7  H  HOK  I  Ot  B. 


13! 


Ae  eiie  «Bd  omitnd  of  Ut  paie«l% 
wafSL  the  eailj  part  of  $he  y«iv 
}W1%  About  (£e  flfriag  of  that 
ih«y  said  wj  eoidd  99 
take  charge  of  him/  and 
fliegr  ocmsigBed  Um  o?ir  to  tiie 
fii^ ;  he  was  then  very  vielenl;^ 
and  lequired  ftequeiitly  two  of 
Ihiee  BMB  to  loc^  after  hiiii;lii0f 
Iwinaminiiil  hiv,  tmder  theciuto^ 
of  two  Iseepec^  to  Bedlan^  ul 
London,  where  he  waa  eonfined 
lOiOQt  IS  nontha;  the  gpvemora 
4bm  wrote  down  to  Cambridge 
Mse,mpng»  that  they  could  keep 
him  no  longer,  aahia  year  wa$ex<^ 
nred,  and  they  transferred  him  la 
Belhnal^gieen  ho^nlal,  to^  wfakk 
flm6e  tiie  wUne^  aoon  after  went 
to  fetch  him  down  to  his  ofem 
country ;  he  brought  haii  hotaie  ai 
^he  end  of  last  November,  and 
Ibey  Ani»t  Mm  in  their  peai^oiDie 
ted  iMt  Febmary  or  Mavdi ;  he 
was  IheH  rneady  qmcft,  and  amdeus 
fe  get  out  of  the  house  to  earn  his 
brdid.  He  applied  to  haire 
:  TOffUE^f'  advanced  to  bim  by 
to  enflUe  him  to  pass 
iHo  LmoeinMit,  where  he  4aii 
fee  tbooght  he  eoidd  cet  b^tlar 
worirHSitmif  haieaalned  in  Cam* 
Itoidge^iiei  bnt  they  seflwad  ^ 
gsftehimmy  money,  as  tiiey  racier 
widiad  himito  remain  with  his  fa* 
■^Hs^wra  he  would  be  less  ez«> 
posed  to  aunent  ^^ff'M  ^apom 
ihemii  second  time.  They,  hew* 
ever>  yidded  to  his  9ffba»Am  la 
be  permuted  lo  go  al  laige,  and 
Aey  never  heard  any  thing  more 
«f  Urn,  mtil  thia  unfiottanate  bosiK' 
^ned.  On  the  jornmey 
I  Ba«i«ial-gnaD^  tho^pii- 
I  geMiii^  an  evtaa  pint  of 
i^uitemoehesent* 
Hieveidiet  wasi  Chril^. 
^  fSa»  WawOobp  Aaaiua.  ~ 
Bmiff  Ddtfp,  a  poIiee-ecnstaMe 
id.*eftTraBiM^' 


ei  Anke  muricr  ef  BwAokmieW 
Mi^mth*  on  the  14tfa  of  Apil 
laal^  nt  Uslious^  near  AnnstowQ^ 
by  shooting  him  throu^  the  hcndi 
•  Hie  deceased  and  otkers  bad 
cut  and  ooUeeted,  on  the  fltnmd  «t 
Annstows,  or  Benvoy,  a  quan* 
tkyofsea-weedfformannrei  1%i 
pveforietor  of  the  land  (Mattheif 
Power,  £sq.,  of  Dntihill-lod^)ft 
conceiving  tbAt  this  was  a  violanan 
«f  Us  own  exdttslve  right,  took 
poasesaion  of  'the  sea^eMl  ao  oA* 
tected.  His  carts,  when  in  the 
act  of  drawing  it  awaiy,  were 
flopped  by  Ae  oountry^peepl^  an^ 
tte  manure  readued.  Infotm»» 
Ifams,  in  consequence  of  this  mm 
cue,  were  sworn  agsinst  the  do^ 
eeaii^  and  two  others,  liefdaa 
Heary  Sargent,  £sq.,  a  mafnstrate 
for  the  county,  rerimng  in  Wate]^> 
feM,  "Who  thereupon  issued  his 
wiammt'  foe  'Acir  apprdiensionf 
and,  with  Mr.  Power,  the  coin* 
phdnant^  went  to  the  pdice  station 
at  Tramore,  to  direct  Mr.  Hcly* 
the  ^jeutleman  oommanding  the 
poMee  there,  to  send  a  party  to 
exediletkewwnuit  ItwasiiMn 
ananged^  that  tthe  pavty  ^loold  oa 
ont  m  tibis  puxpoaeaft^hree  o'cScdk 
the  nsKt  morning;  but  snbsdquen^ 
fy^  at  9  or  10  o^dook  tiie  same 
eve^^  Mr.  Power,  ahme,  calM 
on  Mr.  Hely,  and  prevailed  on 
him,  bycertdin  repeeasntationsi,'  to 
let  die  party  go  out  thattni^t.' 

Aedrading  to  tiie  testimony  of 
die  latter  gentleman,  ribout  three 
or  finzr  o'clock  in  the  morning  the 
party  came  bade,  when  Ddap  eame 
to  witness  abd'ttdd'him  that  th^ 
hmklewaiidefl  eutiaiieaafeonetiflto 
men's  booaes.ih  the  kin^s  iifmi»<- 
tiiat  it  wnanot  gKan«Bdi^*4hat'aay 
endeaamxed  to  ^saee  open  ttoe 
doov*--thBt  a  man  fof  ottt  eC  tike 
wiiUow^mid  aMemptaibtoeanpe^ 
that  ht  edtod  eiit  m  Urn  9ti  ifaa 


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ANNUAL    REGtSTER.         imi. 


Idii^t  neaa^  1»  tit&p  -^  and  Aat^ 
fei  he  did  not  ^  60y  and  fleemed 
Ifleriy  to  escajpe,  h«  (Delap)  fired 
•t  and  killed  Mm. "  Whnem  could 
not  say  he  had  selected  Delap,  as 
be  had  called  on  him  in  the  regular 
Toatine  of  duty;  but  oonsilered 
kftm  the  fittest  man  that  he  could 
Ittve  employed^  uom  long  obseis 
vfltioii  of  his  steadiness  and  good 
eondoet 

The  Chief  Justice,  in  summing 
UDy  stated^  that,  in  the  case  of 
iif^t,  there  might  be  a  sufficient 
jvttification  for  firing  at  a  fugitive^ 
pnovided  there  weie  no  other 
OMaas  of  apprehending  him.  In 
die  course  Dt  his  charge,  he  ani'» 
madterted  severely  on  the  conduct 
of  Mr.  Power.  After  consider-* 
Me  hesitaticm,  die  jury  retnmed 
a  verdict  oi^Noi  dmiky. 

The  Chief  Jusdce,  aiVer  fimr- 
mally  addressing  the  prisoner,  in  the 
way  of  caution  as  to  his  future 
oondoct,  thus  proceeded  :«.—  «'  I 
cannot,  however,  sdlow  this  trial 
todoM,  wtthoot  again  nuddng  a 
Ifm  dbaervations  on  the  conduct  of 
aome  of  the  peiioiis  conoemed  m 
die  transadtaon.  I  have  already 
noticed  die  share,  which  Mr.  Pdw^ 
er  had,  in  producing  the  mekn- 
dnfy  occurrence ;  I  must  now  say, 
that  it  would  have  been  mudi 
fttter,  that  he  diould  have  been 
plaaedattliatbarthaAyDU.  lean 
cononve  nodnng  more  d^kxrabie^ 
dum  that  ^entfemen,  in  vindica- 
tion of  their  real  or  iuppcaed  dvil 
rights,  should  resort  to  such 
rigorous  and  unwarrantable  pro- 
oeedingsagainst  men  in  thehand>ler 
clasKs  of  society.  If  persons  in 
the  hi^ier  ranks  will  lord  it  over 
their  inferiors.vndi  a  stronff  hand 
^^if,  in  die  assertion  of  their  own 
ri^ts,  diey  trample  upon  ppblic 
justice,  or  donmt  the  laws,  which 
sboolda^brde^ial  protection  to 


rich  and  p6or,  into  fastiwirtiita  cf 
hrjusdce  and  oppression  tewarai 
the  weak  and  powerles»-*48  it  not 
in  vain  to  hope,  that  the  common 
people  will  feel  for  them  either 
respect  or  afiection,  or  that  tlM^ 
will  refrain  inm.  endeavouring  t0 
procure  for  themselves,  by  vi<4ence, 
that  redress,  which  the  conduct  tf 
their  superiors  teaches  them  tft 
believe  is  not  otherwise  to  be 
obtained? 

RuBH-BBARiN08.-^*^n  dieSM 
and  127th,  the  ancient  cuMont  rf 
Rudi-bearings  took  place  at  Am- 
bleside. ATOut  seven  o'clock  00 
die  Saturday  ev^ing,  young  ^rif, 
to  the  numberof  about  Ibrty,  went 
in  procession  to  die  church,  pte- 
ceded  by  a  band  of  musii^  eadk 
carrying  in  her  hands  the  usna) 
ruik-hwrimgSy  the  orisin  and  ng- 
nification  ot  which  has  so  long 
puzsled  die  researches  of  anti- 
quarians. These  degant  Utde  tro- 
phies were  disposed  in  the  dmrtft 
round  the  pulpit,  readhi^^lesit, 
pews,  &C.,  remamed  thei«  dinia^ 
the  Sunday  till  the  service  was 
finished  in  the  afternoon,  when  a 
similar  procession  was  formed  to 
convey  them  home  i^ain.  In  some 
parts  of  Lancashire  a  rimilar  cere* 
mony,  under  the  same  desiftnatiOtt, 
formerly  prevailed,  in  whicii  die 
rufh^bearmg*  vrere  made  in  the 
form  of  females,  with  a  fancifnl 
rosette  for  the  head.  No  satis- 
factory explanation  of  diis  cere- 
mony has  ever  yet  been  given. 

28.  County  or  Down.— Jklmu 
Bmn.— Patrick  M'Cann,  other- 
wise Barnard  M^Canm^  oiheiwise 
JmmeM  Hughes,  was'  indicted  fiar 
die  murder  or  Owen  M^Adnai, 
near  lisbnm,  on  the  S6th  of  Jalf* 
1815;  andalthoufffa  ten  yean  bad 
^psed,  and  he  had  left  that  pszt  dT 
the  country,  and  had'  setdel  ad 
prospered  under  another  name  as 


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dS 


n  dqUuct^  ill  TO^town  of  Obiw&iT) 
lie  was  there  accidentallj  reoOf^ 
waed  and  brouglit  to  justice. 

M'Adam  was  a  horse-dealer^ 
with  whom  the  pfMoher  had  been 
drinking  on  the  day  on  whieh  ^e 
itffmor  lost  his  life ;  and,  tempted 
hy  the  money  in  hib  possesnimy  he 
murdexed  and  threw  him  into  the 
oanaL  The  eiHdence  was  circum* 
stantial,  but  conclusive.  Althdueh 
80  long  a  time  had  passed,  uke 
hone  and  watch  of  the  deceased 
were  traced  to  the  hands  of  the 
iprisoner. 

The  culprit,  who  had  escaped 
tiie  punislmient  due  to  his  crime 
for  so  long  a  period,  had  in  the 
interim  mstfried  a  respectable  wife 
in  Galway,  maintained,  for  the 
last  ten  years,  an  unexceptionable 
characto*,  and  a  family  of  five 
children,  and  had  acquired  an 
indq)endence  not  often  found  in 
ihaX  rank  of  life.  He  was  sup« 
posed  to  be  worUn  at  least  1,500^ 
of  -capital,  and  had  2S  tacres  of 
land,  nearly  rent-free,  fbr  ever. 
He„  acknowledged  to  the  sher^, 
aboiit  11  o'dod^  on  Wednesday 
nigfat,  that  he  had  been  at  the 
murder,  and  was  about  ten  yards 
off  when  it  occurred — that  the 
person  who  conmiitted  the  murder 
was  named  James  Hughes,  and 
that  he  took  that  name  when  he 
went  to  Galway. 

On  Thursday,  he  paid  the  for- 
feit attached  to  Hs  crime.  Shortly 
ifter  the  drop  fell,  his  great  weight 
broke  the  rope,  and  the  miserable 
wretdi  fell  upwards  of  20  feet. 
He  alif^ted  on  Ins  feet,  but,  from 
his  hands  being  pinioned,  immedi^ 
atdy  fen  bac^  and,  by  the  surr 
raimding  mctators,  it  was  thought 
he-  was  either  dead  or  senseless. 
The  soldiers,  with  a  ready  human^ 
ity,  immediately  cairied  him  in- 
dde'ihe  gixA  gate,  and-  in'  a  few 


mbftites  he  sat'u^d^ht  Upd^hi^ 
own  coffin,  and  a^ed  lor  a  draughe 
df  water.  Af^  a  period  ci'neari^f 
ta  hour  and  a  half  had  elapsed,  hd 
walked  up  Ihe  stairs  leading  to  the 
]^atform ;  he  was  brdu^t  on« 
agaiil ;  kndt  dowti  with  the  elei^gyw 
snn  wi^  amNairent  UrinnesA ;  and 
was  more  amdd  of  a  second  fyf 
tiMR  of  his  approaching  dissc^-' 
tion.  He  was  then  launched  into 
eternity. 

'  28.  ExBTBR. -*- The  sentence 
of  the  law  was  inflicted  upon  John 
Radford  for  the  murder  of  Sa!rtiA( 
Downe.  The  following  is  his  oon^ 
letsion  d  ihe  deed,  dictated  by 
himself:—* 

''On  Friday,  the  Hth  instanty 
about  a  quarter  before  four  in  the 
al^fcemoon,  I  went  to  the  house  of 
Thomas  Coles,  in  the  parish  of 
East  Worlington,  who  sold  eider, 
and  remained  il^re  drinking,  in 
company  with  Samiiel  Melhuiflh, 
antQ  ten  o'clock.  About  a  quar* 
ter  past  nine,  Sarah  Dowite,  mad 
Mary  her  sister,  came  into  the 
room  where  Samuel  Melhmdi  and 
myself  were  drinkmg.  I  asked 
Mary  Downe  to'drink  to  me ;  but 
she  r^iised,  desiring  me  to  give  it 
to  the  right  person,  meaning  her 
sister  Saiih.  I  according^  MeteA 
it  to  her  sister,  who  topk  it  and 
drank  to  me;  after  which,  her 
sister  Mary  asked  her  if  she  was 
going  home;  her  answer  was, 
^  Yes,  I  am."  I  then  sa^,  «  ^e 
are  all  going  directly,  because  it  is 
our  direct  road."  Mary  said, 
'"  Come  then,  for  I  am  going  now." 
Sarah  answered,  "Go  on,  and  I 
will  overtake  you."  Mary  ^oi 
went  towards  her  home,  whidi 
was  about  half  a  m^  fnmi  thence;^ 
Mrs.  Coks  said  unto  Sarah,  ''You 
had  better  sit  down,  till  thev  0ft 
ready  to  go."  I  was  then  tMsik 
in  the  sMle  br  tiie  iit)*Bidi>  an) 


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9utik  ftaodlag  opponte.  Mn* 
Cdet  pushed  b^  down  by  me*  lay* 
iogi  "  There,  rit  jou  down  by  the 
■£ofhim.*  SheroiQaiaedthecea 
few  miautet;  after  which  she  roie 
up  upia,  and  laid  she  would  no^ 
•ten  theie  any  longer,  as  die  must 
go  home.  I  answered, '^  You  may 
mahe  haste  along  if  you  like ;"  theii 
dnuik  the  cider  that  remained  in 
the  cnp,  and  we  three  went  out  to^ 
cether,  Sarah  and  myself  taking 
uie  direct  road  towards  home,  and 
Samuel  Melhuish  goipg  across  the 
ground  a  shorter  way.  Sarah  fao* 
oeeded  some  paces  ia  boat,  with  a 
ha^et  on  her  arm  anid  »  cup  in 
her  hand;  I  followed  at  a  Uttle 
distanoe  We  had  not  gone  above 
26  land  rodsi  whenwemet  WiUia«i 
Flip  and  James  Bourn ;  and,  after 
that,  we  went  on^  until  we  came  to 
across  road  near  Worlington  towuj 
where  I  turned  away  to  flo  to  mgr 
home.  She  asked  me  whether  I 
would  not  go  home  with  her;  my 
answer  wasj  I  would  rather  noS; 
she  replied,  "  You  had  better,  for  I 
have  someUung  to  tell  y<m;  ladoed 
herwhatitwas;  she  said, ''if  you 
will  flo  with  me,  I  will  teH  you;" 
I  sai^  ''  I  do  not  mbd  going  as 
fer  as  Bridgispark  s;ate."  Wkea 
we  arrived  Ihcie,  she  would  not 
tell  me,  but  xeouesled  me  to  go 
luatfaer.  I  walked  with  her,  until 
we  reached  her  own  home,  wheoe 
we  remained  tSl  it  b^^an  to  rain* 
I  then  aeaUt  **  I  'will  go  home,  and 
dp  yoa  ^  in;"  die  replied,  ^  I 
iMM  go  in  as  yet"  I  asked  hats 
where  she  would  go,  tiiea,  out  o£ 
tf^rain^  Sheiepfieii  '^  do  not 
Imow  whflre,  inuess  we  ga  into 
Mr.;  Smith's  Hidiaiy.''  {  tfjeeled, 
it  Mm  so  fiir  oQt  of  mr  wi^. 
Shsr  ss]4»  &  was  not  too  iN^,  as  Ae 
manR  not  go  in  imtB  -her-  sister 
llaijt  WAS  &  kd.  So  we  bath 
.  liB  «e  amis  tf  Mbr* 


AsiiA'siidtty.  Aterwa^ 
the  linhay,  she  laid  down  •  her 
basket  and  cup.  I  demanded  agn 
of  her,  what  It  was  she  hadttfteU 
me,  but  she  made  na  no  answer* 
I  said,  ^^ If  you  wiHoot  teUaie 
what  it  is,  I  shall  go  home;,  aad 
you  must  g^  ia*"  She  mub  va> 
fused  to  eo  ia,  sayaig,  ^  1^  dstes 
is  not  ia  bed;  if  Igoinbeforesba 
is  in  bed,  nhe  wifi  aiiairel  with 
me."  Then  I  replied,  ''  I  w»'a 
stop  any  Icognr,  for  I  n«st  aad 
wiUgohome."  She  then said» ''t 
will  go  over  the  marsh  with  yoii^ 
if  you  will  stop  till  my  sister  is  in 
bed."^  I  re^,""  Yes,  if  you  win 
tell  me,  what  you  have  to  lelateaa 
me."  So  we  went  over  the  nanb 
tosether;  and  on  our  road  I  sai4* 
*'  You  might  as  well  tell  m^  what 
that  is."  She  said,  ''What  da 
you  think  it  is?"  I  answered,  ^  I 
am  sure  I  doAot  know  what  it 
mi^t  be."  She  then  said,  ''lam 
wiUi  child  by  you,  and  the  people 
tell  me,  that  you  won't  have  nnu 
nor  pav  towards  the  child."  I 
said,  "No^baoaasaitisnotminar 
She  demaaded  tiie  reason  why. 
I  said,  "Because  you  have  hod 
two  already  bf  other  pev^oos^  nor 
do  I  thtiik  you  an  in  tbeiiMnllQF 
way."  She  said*  "Yes^  I  e»* 
taialy  am,  and  the  pecfla  tall  aaa 
thesama."  I  repti^  " Hm Lofll 
knoweth:  I  amsqsalAonoir"  | 
likewiflssaid»"Ifyoo  ai!^  I^dmll 
have  aothinff  to  do  ti^th  it-*^ 
With  that  die  dmsad  ma,  vesy 
much.  I  told  her,  it  was  «•» 
worth  her  while  to  abu96  Wfb* 
She  then  bepBft  to  curse  and  swqif 
at  UM^  calliaff  mo  all  manner  it 
names.  I  sai),  "po  not  swMri 
where  do  ypu. think  your  poor  jorf 
win  go?*  SbexepIiecL  "rm  «-^ 
if  I  care  what  beoomes  lyf  mif 
dia  itffl  kept  on  ^flbadtti^  as^  a«ii 
tfit  i«to  a  vUe»l^  MSMm^  wU* 


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VJ 


'Hgf'joxA  irtkated  om.    I  doibed 

to*  to  oorapose  henelf,  and  not 

l^ve  way  to  passion.     She  said, 

-"  I  don't  care  about  being  in  a 

pasofflii  nor  don't  care  for  you ; 

«nd  I  do  not  care  what  will  be- 

^come  fji  me :  you  never  shall  rdst 

or  abide  in  the  country^  except  you 

hare  got  me."     I  said^   ''Don't 

say  flo>  for  if  you  do  you  will  set 

me  in  a  passion^  and  make  me  do 

•what  I  should  not  do  else."    I^e 

Iken  said,  ''  I  don't  care  what  you 

•dp,"    and   b^;itn   to   swear   very 

jDuch,  (Sailing  me  a  d-— d  bad  fel- 

lowy  and  said,  if  she  was  able,  she 

'would  knock  me  into  that  pit*     I 

twia  in  such  a  great  passion,  that  I 

Jmew  not  what  I  did,  and  said  to 

'her  again,  "  If  you  repeat  that,  I 

iwill  put  you  there."     She  repeated 

'the  wlMdSy  and  said,  *'  You  may  if 

you  like  ;  but  if  you  do,  you  shall 

'fio  tiiere  too."    It  was  then  I  gave 

-W  a  pudi,  and  she.  immediately 

-Ml  in.     I  turned  round  and  •  said, 

***  The  Lord  have  mercy  upon  me, 

I  have  done  fbr  her."      I  went 

'down  into  the  water,  and  endea- 

«voured  to  set  her  out ;  but  it  being 

«aa   dailc   1   could  not    find    her. 

^Upob  that  I  went  home  praying 

'la  ^le    Almighty  that  he  woula 

^fcmve  roe." 

*-  •  -The  unfcnrtunate  young  man,  to 
*lhfe  latest  moment  of  his  existence, 
-deiaed  having  ever  had  any  erimi- 
^wA  tannexion  with  the  person  for 
yiham  murder  he  soflfered. 

;Wb8T  InDL4  PnOPBBTT — ^As 
Antancea  of  the  depreciation  of 
]weat  India  property,  the  following 
*te  adduced  in  a  late  petitbn  from 
.|^  Council  of  Barbadoes  to  the 
.Hou^  of  Commons,  they  j^ 
(ta^jei^  from  the  records  of  t)ie  coinrt 
.qf  dbancery  of  the  island  f^» 

;    <'ThetA«lraituiepl8ntB«iau4^ 
in  1819  for  di,d50U-waa  resold 
Vol-.  LXV. 


in' January,  1822,. by  the  master 
in  chancery,  for  18,21 9^.  &s. 

*'  Oxfotd  plantation*  sold  in 
1819  for  25,0002. — was  re-sold  1^ 
the  master  in  chancery,  in  April, 
1822,  for  16,000/. 

"Hopdand  sold  in  1819  for 
20,000/. — ^Was  resold  by  the  mas- 
ter in  chancery  in  June,  1822,  for 
11,801/. 

^'Quinten's  plantation  sold  in 
1819  for  25,000/. — ^was  re-sold  by 
the  master  in  chancery  in  1822 
for  18,630/. 

"  The  River  plantation  was  sold 
in  1818  for  20,000/. — was  re-sold 
by  the  master  in  chancery  in 
August,  1822,  for  11,500/. 

''Sion-hill  sold  in  1821  for 
24,000/.— was  re-sold  by  the  maa- 
,ter  in  chancery  in  September, 
1822,  for  12,250/." 

31.  Affray  on  Musselburo 
RACE-COURSE. — Owingto  the  sus- 
pension of  business  on  Thursday  in 
•the  suburbs  and  neighbourhood  of 

•  Edinbnrjrii,  it  being  the  fast-day 
in  the  West  Church  parish,  the 
workmen  and  labourers  in  that  ex- 
tensive district  were  unoccupied ; 
and  a  great  number  of  the  ktter 
resorted  t^  Musselburg  races.  Be- 
tween twelve  and  one,  as  the 
keqiers  of  the  ground  were  pre- 
paring to  clear  Uie  course  for  the 
horses,  an  Irishman  floornbed  his 
bludgeon,  and  exclaimed,  ^' Stand 
aside;  I'll  clear  the  way  for  yoU, 
my  honey;"  and  thereupon  he 
struck  a  baker,  who  stood  in  the 
middle  of  the  course.  The  baker 
returned  the  blow,  which  brought 

.  seven  or  eight  more  Irishmen  upon 
him,  who  beat  tim  severely  before 
any  assistance  was  afforded  Jiim. 

•  At  IragA  about  70  or  80  bakert 
weie  assembled  by  the  shout  of 
''The  Edinburgh  side,"  and  die 

;  Irish  retreated  into  a  booth,  wharia 
t|ifv  were  pursued^  and  aftev  a 


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keen  reaistanoe,  were  apprehended 
and  conv^ed  to  prison  by  the 
bakers.  Tiie  riot  was  not  quelled 
before  two  o'clock.  The  race  af- 
terwards commenced. 


AUGUST. 

ASSIZB  COUBT  OF  THE  DxPART- 

jiBNT  OP  THE  Landsb. — Murder. 
-*-This  Court  has  recently  been 
occupied  with  the  trial  of  two  men 
named  Begu  and  Laffarcade, 
accused  of  me  murder  (in  the  year 
1816)  of  a  soldier,  whose  name  is 
unknown.  The  trial  lasted  nine 
days,  and  112  witnesses  were  exr 
amined,^  whose  evidence  disclosed  a 
scene  a£  shocking  barbarity. 

It  appeared,  that  the  accused, 
and  another  man  named  Dugers, 
lived  near  the  bridge  of  Oro,  and 
there  is  every  reason  to  bc^ve^ 
that  they  were  associated  for  the 
purposes  of  murder  and  robbery. 
When  the  French  troops  returned 
from  Spain,  BOtfie  drafixmnsVere 
billeted  at  Oro.    One  en  them  who 
lodged  with  Begu,  who  kept  an 
inn,  possessed  a  great  number  of 
quadruples,  which  upon  one  occa- 
sion he  spread  out  on  a  table.    This 
drasoon  D^og  compelled  to  depart 
suddenly  fhmi  Oro,    buried  his 
treasure  in  Be^'s   garden.     In 
181^,  two  individuals,  who  called 
diemadves   the  brothers  of  the 
draooon,    came    to    B^u,    and 
wished  to  dig  in  his  gurden,  which 
Begu  would  not  su^.    On  the 
7th  of  Q^ber,  1816,  about  six 
in  the  evening,  a  stranger  ali^ted 
a£  Begu's  house :  the  nei^  i^oin- 
ing,  a  quantity  ojf  blood  was  dis- 
covered near  the  remains  <^  a  fii^ 
in   the  neighbouring  wood;   t^e 
blood  was  traced  to  the  Liiz,  a  deep 
river  which  bounds  the  forest; 
and  the  river  being  dragged*   a 


naked  body  wa«  found,  which  had 
been  disfigured  by  fire,  and  to  the 
neck  and  feet  of  which  bags  filled 
with  stones  were  tied.    Theselect- 
ion  of  the  places  where  the  body 
had  been  burned  and  drowned,  aii4 
the  arrangements  which  had  been 
made,  announced  that  the  crime 
must  have  been    committed   by 
individuals  who  where  aoquainted 
with  the  locality  of  the  neighbour- 
hood.   The  baffl,  which  were  tied 
to  the  body,  hsd  been  sewed  by  an 
experienced  hand:    Begu    was^  » 
tauor.     It  appeared  from  an  iiii- 
spection  of  tl^  foot-mark?  in  the 
ferest,  that  the  assassins  were  three 
in    ninnber;    one    wore    shoep, 
another   shoes  vid  spatterdasheify 
and  the  thijcd  wood^  shoes.    It 
was  proved  that  Lafibccade,  B^u, 
and  Dug^^  constantly  wore  shoes 
of  this  description.    Begu  admit- 
ted, that  a  dragoon,  posses^  a 
quantity  of  gc^  had  lodged  with 
him,   and  he  also  acknowle^ej, 
that  two  persons  had  wished  to 
dig  in  his  garden ;  but  h/e  strongly 
denied,  that  any  stranger  had  oome 
to  his  house  on  the  7th  of  October^ 
1816.    To  contradict  this  denial 
three  witnesses  were  called;   the 
two  first  of  whom  merely  wive^ 
that  they  saw  a  stranger  in  Begu's 
house  on  the  7th  of  October;  the 
evidence  of  the  third  was   more 
important    He  deposed  that  hie 
wa9  a  cow-herd,  and  that  he  w^s 
in  the  habit  of  sleepix^  r^(«l«r]if 
at  B^'s.    On  the  nisht  of  the 
7th  of  Octobra:  I8l6,  he  did  not 
meet  with  so  kind  a  receprion  as  he 
was  wont  to  experience  irom  B^u. 
He  was  only  allowed  to  sup  imd 
refiresh  his  oxen,  and   could  not 
even  obtain  permisrion  to  sleep  in 
the    stable.      This    witness    also 
stated,  that,  when  he  arrived  at  the 
inn,  hjs  found  a  supper  lareparing 
for  several  persons.    He  saw  Laf- 


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fercade  t^eace  and  a  stnnffer^ 
wliose  desoripticni  he  gare :  wnen 
he  left  the  house  between  ten  and 
dennon  o'dobk,  the  stranger  was 
fltfll  thete.  Some  witnesses  pxored 
die  complete  identity  of  t^e  dr»- 
gooB«  who  Hyed  with  Begu  in 
1813,  the  stxanger  who  was  seen 
at  the  inn  on  Uie  night  of  the 
murder,  and  the  corpse  which  was 
discovered  in  the  river.  The  wit- 
Besses  concurred  in  describinff  the 
dragoon  and  the  stranger  as  being 
iobust>  and  about  five  feet  high, 
and  as  having  very  white  hair, 
aad  fins^y,  as  wanting  a  front 
tooth.  This  description  tallied 
exactly  with  that  of  the  corpse. 
On  the  night  of  the  murder.  Du- 
ffers and  Begu  were  seen  convers- 
ing together,  and  the  former  said 
to  one  of  tbs  witnesses,  "  I  have 
been  assisting  B^u  to  perform  an. 
deration;  keep  your  counsel,  or 
it  is  all  ovar  with  you."  Shortly 
after  the  commission  of  the  crime, 
Begu  wished  to  sell  a  waistcoat^ 
which  the  person  to  whom  it  was 
offered  reftised  to  buy,  because  it 
#as  stained  with  large  spots  of 
blood,  partly  washed  out.  It  ap- 
peared also,  that,  ftom  the  period 
of  the  murder,  Begu  had  aban* 
doned  his  business  of  taibr,  and 
that  his  circumstances  had  greatly 
UBpioved.  .  The  prisoner  LafiR)r- 
cade  stated,  that  he  did  not  see 
6effQ  on  the  night  <i  the  murder, 
9Ba  that  he  was  in  bed  at  nine 
o'chA.  The  farmer  assevtion  had 
already  been  proved  fajse,  by  the 
evidence  of  the  cow-herd,  who 
saw  Laffbrcade  at  Begu's  house  on 
the  night  in  question;  and  the 
latter  statement  was  shown  to  be 
equally  unworthy  of  credit  by 
two  witnesses,  who  deposed  that 
Lafforcade  had  visitors  in  his 
louse  at  a  very  late  hour  <yf  the 
nig^.     Anodier  witness    stated. 


diat  about  midniglit  cries  of  sufifer^ 
ing  were  heard  to  proceed  ftom 
Lraforcade's  house.  Nothing  of 
what  passed  in  Lafforcade's  house 
would  have  been  known,  had  not 
a  little  gill  overheard  a  woman 
who  lod^  there,  and  who  could 
not  be  found  at  the  period  of  the 
trial,  give  the  following  details 
to  one  of  her  female  acquain- 
tances : — ^After  supping  at  Begu's, 
the  dragoon  was  brought  to  the 
house  of  Laffbrcade,  where  Dueers 
was.  The  three  wretches  snd^n- 
ly  placed  a  noose  round  the  neck 
oi  their  victim,  threw  him  on  the 
ground,  and  strangled  him.  "  You 
did  not  do  it  well,"  said  Laffbr- 
cade :  "  And  yet,"  replied  Dugers, 
*'  I  put  the  cord  seven  times  round 
his  neck."  The  assassins  then,  by 
j&vour  oi  the  night,  carried  the 
body  into  the  forest,  and  there, 
like  cannibals,  delivered  the  yet 
quivering  members  to  the  flames, 
and  afterwards  threw  it  into  the 
river.  Divine  retribution  soon 
exercised  itself  on  Dugers.  He 
happened  one  day  to  say  to  an 
individual,  that  he  had  assisted 
Laffbrcade  and  Begu  to  commit  a 
wicked  act,  that  he  had  been  badly 
paid  for  it,  and  that  he  intended  to 
confess  all  he  knew.  Shortly  after 
tMs,  Dugers  was  found  mortally 
wounded;  he  had  only  time  to 
confess  his  participation  in  the 
murder  of  the  soldier,  and  to  tell| 
that  he  had  been  himsdf  killed  bf 
one  of  his  associatea  in  crime. 

After  the  counsel  for  the  accus-^ 
ed  had  been  heard,  the  jury  imme- 
diately found  the  prisoners  GuUiv. 
They  heard  the  sentence  of  their 
death  pronounced  without  exhibit- 
inff  any  emotion. 

It  was  shown  during  the  course 
of  the  trial,  that  two  persons,  who 
had  by  some  means  obtained  a 
knowledge  of  the  prisoners'  crime, 

H  2 


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had  died  suddenly^  under  drcum- 
stanoes  which  left  no  room  to 
doubts  that  their  death  was  caused 
by  poison.  In  the  house  of  Lafibr- 
cade  was  found  a  rope  with  a  slip 
knot^  forming  a  noose,  to  which 
human  hur  of  a  different  colour 
from  that  of  the  murdered  soldier 
was  found  sticking. 

Mb.  Crawford-'s  Mission  to 
SiAM. — Letters  have  been  received 
from  Singapore,  dated  the  S4th  of 
January,  which^  announce  the  re- 
turn of  Mr.  Crawford  to  that 
place,  from  his  mission  to  Siam 
and  Cochin-China.  At  Siam  his 
reception  was  not  so  favourable  as 
had  been  anticipated,  as  will 
appear  from  the  annexed  letters 
relating  to  his  transactions  there. 
Of  the  result  of  the  mission  to 
Cochin-China,  nothing  was  known, 
except  that  he  had  been  better 
received  there  than  at  Siam.  Mr. 
Crawford  returned  to  Singi^re  on 
the  l6th  of  November  la^ : — 

'' Translation  of  a  letter  from 
Praya  Pipat  Radia  Balat  Kosa, 
second  Prah-Klang,  to  Mr.  Prin- 
sep,  Persian  secretaiy  to  govern- 
ment. 

"The  letter  of  Praya  Pipat 
Racha  Balat  Kosa,  second  Prah« 
Klang  at  the  Court  of  Prah  Maha 
Makau  Si-Ayuthia,  to  Mr.  Prin- 
mp,  to  make  known  to  him,  that 
the  lord  of  the  kingdom  of  Bengal 
(Chao  Muang  B^  Kfdla)  has 
sent  a  letter  1^  Mr.  Crawford,  the 
aibjcct  of  which  is,  to  make  known 
that  England  is  at  peace  with  all 
the  nations  of  Europe  for  a  long 
twe,  and  that  the  lord  of  die 
kingdom  of  Bengal  is  anxiops  to 
be  in  ftiendship  with  the  kingdom 
of  Siam,  and  to  Increase  it  beyond 
the  fhendsb^  of  other  times;  and 
he  further  widies;  that  the  mer- 
f^uqits  of  Sifon  should  trpd^  to 


EngUah  ports,  whether  m  Europe 
or  other  parts  of  the  world,  and 
that  the  English  should  Havt  the 
same  liberty  to  frequent  this-kmg- 
dom ;  and  that,  as  the  imposts  oa 
trade  is  Siam  are  high,  he  le- 
quests  t&e  Kine  of  Siam  to  niaka 
diem  lifl^ter,.  &at  by  this  metns 
the  En^ish  merchants  may  be  en- 
couragS  to  extend  their  commeioe 
to  Siam.  Mr.  Crawford  haviii| 
come  as  the  Envoy  from  the  lora 
of  Bengal  to  offer  ^nresents  to  bis 
Majesty,  and  repiesenting  the 
person  of  the  lord  of  Boigsu,  &e* 
&c,  the  Chao  Saya  Prah-Klan^ 
First  Minister  in  diis  department, 
gave  him  i^  assistance,  md  hitm^ 
duced  him  into  his  majesty's 
presencei,  with  the  letter  and  pie- 
sents  of  the  lord  of  the  kingdom 
of  Bengal,  and  exjdained  the  oon* 
tents  of  the  above  letter  fully  to 
his  nugesty.  His  majesty  on  this 
caused  it  to  be  distinctly  msde 
known  to  his  officers  of  eyery  nmkr 
that  the  lord  of  the  kiiffidom  of 
Bengill  with  good-will  baa  chosen 
Mr.  Crawford  to  convey  ofierings 
to  his  majesty,  with  a  desire  <£ 
strengthening  the  existing  friend- 
ship and  increasing  it ;  and  in  con- 
sequence of  that,  that  merchants 
miffht  be  encouraged  to  resort 
wiOi  their  ships  to  the  kingdom; 
at  all  which  hia  majesty  is  mudi 
gratified.  In  r^ard  to  the  im- 
posts upon  trade,  Mr.  Crawford 
has  been  directed  by  his  majesty  W 
confer  with  the  {tttaeipal  offioert 
of  th«t  demrtmenty  Bcoording^ 
custoiiL  His  mi^esty  has  ordbfia 
the  offioezsrin  charge  of  the  magir 
sines  tq  return  mresents  to  tos 
lord  of  Bengal  a^ follows:  10  ele* 
phants*  t^eth,  vo^i^ing  2  pecuk; 
benjnnn,  2  pe^uls^;  eagle-wood,  8 
peculs;  cardBmum8,'|,'pecul;  csr^ 
damums,  small,  S  pecuk ;  tin»  1^ 
peculs;  peppeTj  150  peculs;  fi^i 


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CHRONICLE. 


lai 


100  peodi;  and  gamboge,  5 
Mculi.  These  presents  have  been 
wliverod  to  Mr.  Crawford. 

'^This  letter  was  written  on 
Tuesday,  in  the  7th  month,  on  the 
8th  day  of  the  bright  half  of  the 
moon,  in  the  year  of  the  Horse» 
«7th  of  May,  1822.)" 

"  Translation  of  a  letter  from  Paya 
Choola  Racha  Mautri  to  Mr. 
Crawford. 

''The  letter  of  Paya  Choola 
Mautri,  collector  of  the  Customs 
and  Duties  on  sh^  in  the  port  of 
the  Court  of  Pndi  Maha  Mabui 
^-Ayuthia,  to  Mr.  Crawford. — 
.The  lord  of  the  kingdom  of  Ben- 
f;al  commanded  Mr.  Crawford  to 
eome  to  Siam  to  open  the  way  to 
friendship  and  commerce,  and  to 
request  permission  for  English 
chips  to  trade  to  this  capital,  and 
permission  to  buy  and  -sell  with 
the  merchants  of  Siam,  pajdng 
duties  as  formerly.  The  Rajah 
Frah-Klang  directs  me  to  express 
his  satis&ction  at  the  contents  of 
the  letter  of  the  lord  of  the  king- 
dom of  Bengal,  and  to  address  a 
letter  to  Mr.  Crawford  in  the  form 
of  an  agreement,  to  say.  That  if 
Bn^^ish  merchant  ships  came  to 
the  port  of  the  capital,  upon  their 
arriyal  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
they  shall  be  searched  by  the  Go- 
vernor of  Paknam,  and  their  small 
arms  and  cannon  be  landed,  ao* 
oordin^  to  farmer  custom,  and  then 
the  ahq>  conducted  to  the  capital 
As  toon  as  they  are  anchored,  the 
Mllector  of  Customs  shall  affind 
all  asaistanoe  in  buying  and  selline 
with  the  mevchants  of  Siam,  and 
the  duties  and  duurfles  shall  not  be 
more  than -heretofore,  and  shall 
not  afterwards  be  raised.  Let  the 
English  merdbants  come  to  Siam, 
to  sell  and  buy  in  conformity  to 
Ai^^agreemenU 


*'  This  letter  of  i^preement  waa 
written  on  Thursday,  in  the  7th 
month,  the  Snd  day  of  the  dark 
half  of  the  moon,  in  the  year  of 
the  Horse,  (8th  of  June,  1822.Y' 

Between  the  1st  of  Septemoer 
and  the  31st  of  December,  1822, 
93  vessels,  measuring  32,072  tons, 
had  arrived  at  Singapore,  and  87 
vessels,  measuring  32,080,  had 
sailed  from  thence.  The  imports 
within  the  same  period  amounted 
to  1,574,518  dollars,  and  the  ex- 
ports to  1,364,445  dollars. 

3.  An  atrocious  attempt  to 
assassinate  S.  Horrocks,  esq.  (M.P. 
fbr  Preston  in  Liancashire),  was 
made  on  his  return  from  diurch, 
by  a  wretdi,  named  Riding,  who 
attacked  him  with  a  cleaver.  The 
blow  was  eiven  with  such  force, 
as  to  cut  urough  Mr.  Horrock's 
hat,  and  make  a  deep  incision  into 
the  skull.  The  villain  made,  a  se- 
cond, a  third,  and  fourth  attempt  to 
cut  at  the  h^,  all  jof  which  blows 
were  received  on  Mr.  H/s  left  jarm 
and  hand«  Afrer  some  struggling 
he  was  secured.  Riding  was  a 
spinner,  a  single  man  about  24 
years  df  age ;  and  the  reason  he 
alleged  for  his  horrible  attempt 
was,  that  Horrocks  and  Co.  in  a 
turn-out,  about  two  years  agO{, 
were  the  first  to  lower  the  wages. 
He  was  subsequently  tried,  found 
to  be  insane,  and  ccmunitted  to  the 
lunatic  asylum. 

4.  Gill  v.  Gill. — ^This  was  a 
petition  from  Mrs.  Gill,  praying 
that  a  writ  De  inquhrendo  luHotico 
might  issue  against  her  hui^band. 
The  allepitions  in  support  of  it 
chiefly  rdated  to  an  unconquerable 
delusion,  into  which  Mr.  Gill  had 
fallen  as  to  the  fidelity  of  his  wife. 
He  had  brought  two  actions  for 
criminal  conversation  with  his  wife 
against  a  gentleman  of  his  own 
county  (Hereford),   which  we{^ 


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t\m$. 


tried  in  LtoMMAare,  and  in  each 
be  was  defeated  witliout  any  evi« 
denee  bein^  called  for  die  defence. 
Mrs.  Gill  bad  afterwards  proceed* 
ed  against  him  for  tbe  restitution 
of  conjagal  riffbts  in  tbe  court  of 
Arcbes,  uid  <%tained  a  decree  in 
her  favour.  Tbe  main  evidence 
of  bis  insanity  was  derived  from 
his  own  letters. 

Hie  Lord  Chancellor  proceeded 
to  comment  upon  tbe  merits  of 
tbe  petition.  He  distinguished 
between  Uie  writ  De  inquirtndo 
iunaiico,  which  the  petition  pray- 
ed, and  the  issuing  oi  the  com- 
mission of  lunacy,  and  observed, 
that  thete  seemed  to  be  a  very 
material  defect  in  the  evidence, 
which  he  did  not  conceive  it 
was  possible   for  the    Court    to 

S;  over^— there  was  no  affidavit  to 
ng  circumstances  of  tbe  insanity 
up  to  the  present  period.  WiUi 
respect  to  tbe  circumstances  set 
forth  in  tbe  affidavits,  they  seemed 
to  resolve  themselves  chiefly  into 
one  particular  delusion  whidb  pos** 
sessed  Mr.  Gill's  mind  as  to  the  silp^ 
posed  infidelity  of  bis  wife.  It  was 
very  easy  to  see,  that  a  sane  man, 
having  got  it  into  his  mind  that  he 
was  wronged  in  the  most  tender 
point,  would  not  regard  the  con- 
duct of  bis  wife  with  the  same 
.  feelings  and  views  with  which  a 
jury  would  consider  tbe  facts  of 
that  conduct  put  in  evidence  be- 
foi^  them.  His  pertinacity  in 
bringing  tbe  second  action  for  the 
same  a&ir,  Mrs.  Gill's  innocence 
notwithstanding — and  every  thing 
went  in  presumption  of  her  inno- 
cence-—would  be  no  proof  of  un- 
soundness of  mind.  But  this  was 
not  all.  Mrs.  Gill  bad  proceeded 
in  the  Arches  court  for  tbe  rasti- 
tation  of  conjugal  rights,  by  whidi 
she  seemed  to  seek  to  re-estal^irii 
a  community  of  int^i^ts  with  her 


huibond  as  with  a  sane  mao.    H« 
did  not  say  that  her  suit  in  tlfee 
Ecdesiastiral  Court  was  to  debar 
her  of  a  remedy  here,  if  the  lunacy 
could  be  estaUisbed:  but  the  kw 
was   always   tender  of  aUoWing 
wives  to  petition  in  lunacy  against 
tbdr  husbands*     How  was  it,  tfaM 
this  lady  could  find  no  relation  of 
the  family  to  bring  this  petition  ? 
He  did  not   say  that  the  Court 
would  in  no  case  admit  the  peti- 
tion of  tbe  wife;   but  where    a 
wife   bad  manifestly  treated  lier 
husband  as  sane,  the  Coiut  must 
hold  the  matter  in  doubt,  e^e- 
cially  with  that  defect  of  evidence 
which  he  bad  before  pointed  out. 
There  were  circumstances  coniiect- 
ed  with  this  case  which  had  cotne 
to  bis  knowledge  by  abotber  ^an- 
nel,  and  which  rendered  tbe  sub- 
ject very  painful  to  bis  feeliiMb 
It  appertained  to  bis  office  to  affix 
the  great  seal  to  tbe  commissiDtia 
of  the  peace.     On  tbe  r^ewal  of 
tbe  commission  for  the  county  of 
Hereford^e  last  time,  tbe  name 
6[  Mr.  (Sll,  which  bad   alwayli 
been  in  the  list  before,  was  olEnit*> 
ted.     It  was  customary  fc^  the 
loidf-lieut^uint,  on  remitting  tbe 
lists,  to  asngn  some  canses  for  tbe 
omission.   But  it  so  happened,  ^at 
there  was  a  necessity  on  tkis  oc- 
casion for  instantly  affixmg  tbe 
seal  to  tbe  commission,  and  tbe 
matter  was  left  to  afW-explana- 
tion.    He  bad  received  letters  (rymi 
Mr.  Gill  upon  the  subject  since, 
which  were  written  with  perfect 
projMiety,  and  did  bonoiSff  to  hSa 
capacity.      He  bad  also  acted  m 
under-sheritfof  tile  county  of  Me- 
rioneth tbe  year  before  last,  wki^ 
was  considmibly  afWr  tbe  period 
of  tbe  alleged  insanity,  with  mwh 
credit  to  bimsdf.     Under  all  ^lese 
circumstaaoes,  ke  was  of  ap^uoti 
that  tbe  petition  ought  to  beiih 
missed. 


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109 


0.  BfAlMM!ni.--WBfiaiki  I>o. 
naOan^  alias  Dm^BSfy,  was  indicted 
Ibr  iht  wOftil  murder  of  Bridget 
Sim^ao,  bis  wtfe^  at  Chathfon^ 
on  the  19th  ci  Sept  1818,  hy 
drowning  her  in  a  well. 

In  the  yest  I8I6  the  prisoner, 
who  had  been  previoosl j  a  soldier, 
"^as  brought  as  a  deserter  finom 
Porfdiester  gaol  to  the  d^t  of 
Uie  98th  reg^ent  (to  which  he 
belong),  at  the  Isle  of  Wight 
The  regiment  being  then  in  Cana- 
da, he,  together  wilh  his  wife  and 
two  (duldren,  was  sent  to  America; 
and  in  1818  he  returned  to  this 
<souBtry,  and  was  quartered  at 
AroApton.  In  September  in  that 
year  he  was  billeted  at  the  DuJce 
of  York  public-house,  and  a  back 
kitdien,  to  which  was  attached  a 
bed-room,  was  asdgned  to  him  and 
his  family*  His  wife  was  then  in 
an  advanced  state  of  pregnancy. 
On  the  morning  of  the  19th  c^ 
Sifiptember,  the  deceased  was  nds- 
fling,  and  the  prisoner^  being  asked 
by  the  wife  of  a  Serjeant,  what 
had  beeome  of  her,  stud,  she  had 
gone  off  wi&  a  solder  of  his  regi- 
ment, and  taken  SL  with  her, 
and  her  clothes,  leading  him  but 
15r.  He  thai  proposed  to  the 
stt)eanl^tf  wiie,  who  was  preparing 
Id  Joia  her  husband  at  the  Ciqpe  of 
Good  Hcqpe,  that  she  should  coha- 
bit with  I6xa.  She  treated  the 
proposition  wi&  derision,  and  told 
him,  she  had  no  doubt  his  wife 
would  return  to  him  in  a  day  or 
two,  knowing  her  to  be  a  woman 
of  correct  habits.  He,  however, 
said,  he  would  be  dr«-d  if  his  wife 
irould  ever  be  seen  in  Chatham 
again.     On  the  same  day,  the  ser- 

Cf  s  wife  agreed  with  the  pulv 
I  to  take  the  apartments  which 
]la#been  oocuped  by  ^le  prisoner, 
who  was  let  into  possession  of  an- 
etker  joom  in  the  house.    Upon 


emmining  iSke  pmoftaa^  bed,  there 
were  stains  of  blood  upon  the  bol- 
ster, the  sheets,  and  the  ticking. 
This  drcumstanoe,  however,  ex- 
cited no  suspicion  against  ^e  pri- 
soner, and  he  remained  in  the 
house  for  a  tireek  after.  ,  Immedi- 
diately  under  the  window  of  the 
room  was  a  well.  In  a  few  days 
alter  the  deceased  was  missing,  it 
was  observed  that  the  wat^  was 
tainted  and  unfit  for  use.  At  the 
end  of  three  weeks  something  was 
discovered  in  the  well,  which  ex- 
cited curiosity,  and  a  man  being 
sent  to  examine  it,  the  body  of  the 
deceased  was  brought  up  in  a  state 
of  nakedness  and  putridity.  ^  No 
marks  of  violence  were  dis^mible, 
ftom  the  length  of  time  the  body 
had  lain  in  the  water,  but  no  doubt 
was  entertained  of  her  identity. 
It  vras  admitted  on  the  part  of  the 
prosecution,  that  nothmg  would 
turn  upon  the  nakedness  of  the 
body,  as  it  was  the  practice  of  die 
lower  orders  of  Iri^  to  sleep  in 
that  state.  At  this  time  the  pri^ 
soner  had  leh  Chatham,  having 
been  discharged  feom  his  regiment, 
and  ttb  traces  of  him  could  be  ob- 
tamed.  In  the  year  I8I9  a  pri- 
vate in  the  8nd  West  India  regi- 
ment, named  Thompsmi,  who  was 
stationed  in  the  island  of  Barba- 
does,  and  had  been  a.  seneant  in 
the  98th  in  the  year  1810,  when 
the  prisoner  was  recmved  at  the 
d^dt  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  hap- 
pened to  pick  up  at  the  guaid- 
room  door,  a  piece  of  an  old  news- 
paper, containing  an  account  of 
Mrs.  Donallan's  murder  by  her 
husband,  which  brought  to  his 
mind  the  conviction  that  the  pri- 
soner was  the  man.  In  the  month 
of  March,  1822,  Thompson  hap- 
pened to  be  quartered  at  Clanmor- 
ris,  in  the  county  of  Mayo,  in  Ire- 
land, where  the  prisoner  then  re- 


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stdedi,.  ^  Being  (^  duty  one  day«  the. 
prisoner  passed,  the  barracks,  and' 
he  imme^tely  r^q^nued  him  as^ 
an  old  comrade.  They  fell  into 
omversatiou,  and  Thompson  asked 
him>  how  Biddy  and^  the  children 
were,  meaning  the  prisoner's 
wife.  The  prisoner  became  much 
agitated,  and  answered,  that  his; 
wife  died,  or  that  he  had  buried  her : 
(which  the  witness  could  not  say), 
at  Chatham,  in  1818.  In  a  day 
or  two  Thompson  communicated, 
his  suspicions  to  Captain  Smith,, 
and  in  consequence  of  liis  informa- 
tion, he  and  two  other  soldiers  were 
sent  by  the  honourable  Denis. 
Browne  to  desire  the  prisoner  to 
attend  him.  The  prisoner  being 
informed  of  the  message,  became 
again  violently  agitated,  and  ex- 
pressed a  wish  first  to  put  on  a 
clean  shirt,  which  he  was  incapa- 
Ide  of  doing  without  assistance, 
from  the  extreme  perturbation  at 
the  communication  which  had  been 
made  to  him.  Upon  his  appearing 
before  Mr.  Browne,  he  was  sent  to 
this  country  to  answer  the  charge* 
The  prison^  stood  for  trial  at  me 
last  assises,  but  in  consequence  of 
the  absence  of  material  witnesses^, 
his  trial  had  been  postponed.  Two 
circumstances  were  admitted  to  be- 
favourable  to  the  prisoner-^— first, 
that  within  a  week  after  his  wife 
was  missed,  he  had  drank  of  the 
water  of  the  well;  and  secondly, 
that  he  had  made  no  attempt  to  es- 
oipe,  when  suspicion  was  attached 
to  him. 

The  prisoner  was  without  coun- 
sel ;  but  he  handed  in  a  written 
defence,  wherein  he  solemnly  pro- 
tested his  innocence. 

Mr.  Sergeant  Onslow  recapitu- 
lated the  evidence,  and  left  the 
jury  to  determine  three  questions 
—first,  whether  they  were  satisfied 
of  the  deceased's  identity  j  second,. 


whether  tfie  ,pri80iier 

thor  of  her  death;   and  thkdl^^ 

whether  the  deceased  csbm  by  hov- 

death  in  the  manna*  charged  in  the 

indictment. 

The  jury  deliberated  for 
time,   and  found  the 
GuiUy—DetUk. 

A  Ghost.  —  Nearly  all  tke- 
inhabitants  of  AbberviUers,  nesr 
St.  Denis,  attended  the  Ccmrt  of 
Assizes  at  Paris,  to  hear  a  singnhir 
case  of  theft  tried.  A  widewr,* 
named  Tronet,  had  for  a  servant  ft. 
young  fellow  called  GrimpereL- 
All  at  once  he  gave  his  mistreae. 
warning,  though  he  had  no  caaae» 
for  discontent,  assigning  as  a  pre- 
text for  leaving  her,  that  his  sleeps 
was  disturbed  every  night  by  the. 
ffhost  of  his  old  master,  who  had' 
been  dead  about  a  month.  Hie 
widow  considered  it  vary  extnuxu 
dinary,  that  the  g^mat  of  her  hus- 
band should  pay  the  man  a  visit,  and 
take  no  notice  of  her.  However* 
she  was  not  able  to  overc<HBe.the 
prejudices  of  Grimperel,  who  went 
away.  On  the  25th  of  June  fiid^ 
lowing,  the  widow  heard  a  noiw 
in  her  chamber,  and  believing  the 
ghost  had  come  at  last,  was  in  very 
great  terror.  The  next  day  she 
discovered,  that  she  had  not  been 
alarmed  by  a  phantom,  but  that  w 
thief  had  broken  into  her  house  and- 
robbed  her  of  600  francs,  besides 
various  articles  of  plate.  Twenty 
months  passed  without  any  dis- 
covery of  the  robbers ;  but  it  hap* 
pened  at  last,  that,  in  pulling  down 
an  old  wall  belpngii^  to  Sieur 
Milleret,  proprietor  oi  the  house 
where  Grimperel  lodged,  th^< 
found  part  of  the  money  takeHi 
firom  the  widow,  with  several  ar* 
tides  known  to  be  her  yroperiy. 
Grimperel  was  found  guilty,  and 
sentenced  to  five  years  imptisQiK 
mentan^thepUlory  -^Pjam^Mper.^ 


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105 


B.  Bamnar  at  Lambbth  Pa- 
ifAoa.  •—  The  neighbourhood  of 
Lanabeth  was  thrown  into  thegreat- 
cat  oonf usion  by  a  report  from  the 
Pakoe,  that  a  gang  c^  robbers  had. 
btdcen  into  and  plundered  the. 
principal  roonuk  The  thieres  had 
certainly  calculated  upon  a  great 
booty;  but  tbey  were  disappointed 
if  they  expected  much  plate,  as 
his  (nace  had,  just,  before  his 
departure  from  town,  sent  eight 
cherts  of  plate  off  to  Messrs.  Run- 
dell  and  Bridge's — a  precaution, 
which  had  been  taken  ever  since 
the  great  robbery  at  the  palace  35 
jeazaago. 

The  magistrate  at  Union-Hall, 
immediate^  ordered  that  all  the 
police-offices  should  be  informed  of 
the  robbery,  and  that  two  officers, 
Gknnon  and  Gill,  should,  with 
the  utmost  exactness,  inquire  into, 
the  circumstances  and  examine  the 
premises.  Upon  their  retiun  to 
the  office  the  magistrate  was  put 
in  possession  of  the  foUowmg 
htU : — Mrs.  Courtney,  the  house- 
keep^,  who  sleeps  in  a  room 
under  the  study  of  his  Grace, 
in  the  morning  about  two  o'clock 
thought  that  £&  heard  a  noise  over- 
head. She  ascribed  it  to  a  little 
dog  which  wanders  about  the 
house,  and  paid  no  attention  to  it. 
No  other  of  the  servants,  six  or 
seven  of  whom  sleep  in  the  palace, 
was  in  the  slightest  degree  dis- 
turbed. The  dmirs  had  b^  closed 
at  10  o'clock,  and  all  the  domestics 
had  retired  to  bed  at  11.  Before 
seven  in  the  morning,  the  sweeps 
came  to  sweep  the  dumney  of  the 
servants'  hall;  firom  the  window  of 
which,  oue  of  the  servants  was 
astonished  to  see  the  window  just 
above  wide  open,  and  a  ladder 
against  the  wall.  The  alarm  was 
immediately  given  through  the 
pahpe,  and  attempts  were  made  to 


to   the   apartment   in  which 
open  window  was;  but   the. 
whole  suite  of  rooms  leading  to  it 
were  locked,  the  robbers  having 
deteonined  to  secure,  themselvet 
from  all  interruption  in  the  course 
oi  their  enteiprise.    The  cellar- 
man  and  chapel  derk  th6n  entered 
at  the  window  by  the  ladder ;  and: 
the  first  thing  that  presented  itself 
was  one  of  his  Grace's  wax  candles, 
which  lay  on   the  window-stoo^ 
and  had  been  used  by  the  robbera 
to  light  them  out  of  the  palace. 
From  this  circumstance  it  was  con- 
iectured   that  the  robbery   must 
have  been  committed  before  three  * 
o'clock  in  the  morning..   This  room 
contained    nothing  but  furniture, 
and   cupboards;    the  latter  were 
broken  open  with  a  large  crow- 
bar.    The  study    was    the   next 
room  visited  by  the  thieves.     Here 
several    desks,   boxes,    cupboards, 
and   cabinets,  were  broken  open. 
Amongst  the  boxes   which   were 
wrenched  open,  were  council-boxes, 
and    other    depontories,    all    of 
which  were  pulled  almost  to  pieces, 
as  the  locks  were  Bramah's,  ^en's, 
and    Russell's   patent  locks,   and 
could  not  be  picked.    A  vast  num- 
ber of  letters  from  his  majesty, 
the  duke  of  York,  and  others  of 
the  royal   family,  to  his   Grace,- 
were  strewed  about  the  floor.    All 
the  secret  drawers  in  the  several 
desks  were  dragged  open.     Several 
morocco  bags,   whioi  must  have 
contained  papers   of    importance, 
and   were    secured    with    patent 
locks,  were  cut  open  at  the  bot- 
toms.    The  letters  and  doomients 
were  all  trodden  upon,  and  cast 
about  the  room.     The  thieves  next 
visited  the  wardrobe,  where  the 
crow-bars  were  put  to  work  with 
equal  activity.     The  Archbishc^'s 
bed-room   was    then    plundered; 
and  Mrs.  Sutton's  dreniBg-room, 


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ANNUAL  REGISTER. 


lims. 


irhicli  in  next  to  k,  was  Uled  #iUi 
te  litde  cei:emon)r.  A  number  of 
M  tiinketa  were  lying  atiout^  the 
tlnetes  haying,  no  doubt^  ftted 
Qpon  tlie  most  valuable.  It  is 
tnvtky  of  notice,  that  several 
articles  of  value  were  h^  behind^ 
evidently  because  they  hore  the 
arms  of  the  family,  or  some  other 
marks  by  which  they  could  be 
identified.  The  next  room,  to 
which  the  thieves  went,  was  that 
«f  his  Chrace's  eldest  daughter. 
Upon  the  bed,  lay  several  tnnketil 
which  hud  been  emptied  out  of  a 
small  mahogany  box,  which  was 
wrenched  asunder.  A  couple  of 
MoUaoes,  of  no  great  value,  and 
iome  empty  reti<mles,  were  lying 
on  the  counterpane,  as  was  a 
large  easy  chair  which  used  to 
stand  bk  a  comer  of  the  room* 
Several  of  the  doors,  throush 
which  the  villainspa80ed,were  bnS:* 
enopen'with  acrow-bar,  whichmuM 
have  been  of  a  very  large  Axe 
£rom  the  marks  on  the  doors.  Mrs* 
Sntton's  wardrobe,  which  contain* 
*ed  all  her  valuable  dresseck  was  not 
touched.  In  fact,  no  place  was 
touched,  ^t  did  not  bear  tho 
appearaaoe  of  a  place  of  security 
for  money  or  trinkets.  Thethieveil 
did  not  extend  their  d^redationd 
beyond  one  suite  of  rooms;  bat, 
having  rOached  the  door  which 
•communicated  immediately  with 
the  staircase  leadiiw  to  &e  ser^ 
vants'  hall,  they  locked  it  and 
took  the  key  with  them.  The 
long  galleiT,  the  most  spLead&d 
zoom  in  the  house,  did  not  e»- 
eape.  Immediately  opposite  to 
the  chair  in  which  his  present 
mijesty  was  crowned,  there  slood 
A  table  w^h  a  wax  candle  upon  it, 
which  the  new  visiters  Ughtei.  A 
very  el^;ant  writinff-dew  lay  upon 
the  table,  with  the  lock  torn  away 
|iom  tha  screws;  and  on  anothar 


table  was  a  tea-caddy,  which  iio 
dxmbt  was  mistaken  ^  the  depotf  «• 
tory  (i€  something  more  valuable. 
The  caddy  was  fuU  only  of  tea  and 
sugar.  Na  injury  was  done  to 
any  part  of  the  furniture  which 
was  not  supposed  to  contain  pro- 
perty,  and  which  it  was  not  neces- 
sary to  force  open  to  reach  that 
property.  After  the  misfhiff  had 
been  accompliriie^  the  thieves 
returned  throueh  the  window, 
turned  the  canme  out  on  the  win- 
dow-stod  in  endeavouring  to  turn 
it  down  in  the  candlestidc,  and 
kft  the  ladder  behind  them.  They^ 
then  passed  on  through  the  grouncb 
to  a  connderaUe  distttice,  where 
ihey  had  another  ladder,  hy  whic& 
diey  got  over  the  wall,  after 
having  passed  a  cate,  of  whidi,  on 
their  entrance,  m^  had  ^nd  It 
necessary  to  pick  the  lock. 

It  is  rather  extraordinary,  that 
on  Sunday-night  a  fteek  of  geese, 
which  were  m  the  pond,  were 
heud  to  cadde  violently  betweeir 
11  and  IS  o'clock,  and  that  a  light 
was  seea  in  this  vety  paft  of  the 
building,  where  the  entrance  was 
Elected.  The  drcumslanoe,  how-^ 
ever,  never  occurred  to  tl^  sefw 
vants  HntU  tiie  robbeiy  took  j^ace. 
No  attempt  was  made  upon  the 
closets,  in  which  the  plate,  durinjB^ 
the  stay  of  the  fsOnfly  in  town,  is 
kept ;  but  whether  that  was  owing 
to  the  knowledge  of  the  thieves  as 
to  the  regulation  fiHr  the  security 
of  the  phte,  or  the  equally  im- 
portant regulation  for  keepu^  in 
the  kitchen  next  to  the  plate-cuoset 
two  confidential  men,  who  have 
fire-aims  in  abundance,  could  not 
be  guessed  at.  At  the  foot  of  th^ 
ladder,  a  small  crow-bar  was  found 
on  the  temch  of  a  tree. 

9.  CONPLAQRATION  AT  SaRSP-' 

TA.— ^The  settlement  of  the  Mora- 
vian ]feethrmi  at  Sarepta,  on  thi 


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CHRONICLE. 


lor 


Wo]g«,(i»liiit«bMit  SOOnikfftipom 
Astta^iflnw&sihnDSl  entirely  des- 
troyed by  fire;  and  the  greater  pert 
of  theinhabitentSy  500  in  numWi 
deprived  of  tlieir  homes.  The 
dituch  and  a  few  dwelling-houies 
wore  saved;  the  wmaiadcT  of  the 
inttkment,  including  the  various 
9ianu£ftct<»ie8,  shops^  and  faming 
pfemiseii,  together  with  property 
of  eveiy  land  to  an  immense 
amount,  became  a  prey  to  the 
flames.  The  loss  was  estimated  as 
high  as  a  million  of  rubles  banco, 
or  40^000^.  sterlinff.  The  calamity 
was  heightened  by  the  circum« 
stance  ci  the  sufferers  being  sep»- 
rated  sevend  thousand  miles  from 
Uie  nearest  settlement^  of  their 
brethren,  and  isolated  from  civil- 
iced  sodety  among  the  wild  stripes 
of  the  Wolga. 

la  LAMBSTHCaUBCHBBOXBN 

<mK.*--Inform8tion  was  received 
at  Unkm-hall  office,  that  Lambeth 
Church,  which  almost  touches  the 
Arehbidiqp's  pakoe,  had  been 
broken  into  bv  thieves.  The  dis* 
oovery  of  the  burglarv  in  tlie 
chun^  did  not  take  place  until 
this  morning.  When  the  sexton 
went  round  to  prepare  for  divine 
service,  before  7  o'clock,  he  was 
8ur|nrised  to  see  deep  marloiof  foot- 
st^s  near  the  west  door  of  the 
chnrch  in  the  burial-ground,  and 
toon  found  that  the  d^  had  beoi 
Wostkdhed  Open.  The  instrument 
used  to  perform  this  service  lor  the 
thieves  must  have  been  larger  than 
thoee  which  were  applied  to  the 
doors  of  the  palace,  as  Ihe  marks 
on  the  edges  of  the  doors  of  the 
church  were  of  con^derable  si^, 
3Uid  in  fact  the  chur^  doorS  ai^  of 
sndi  unwieldy  magnitude  as  to 
require  great  stre^^,  botii  of 
arm  and  instrument,  to  break  them 
{>pen.  The  lock  at  the  west  docnr 
had  been  jDtdteii  Off,  and  the  pan- 


nelwaidirapeieirwithit  The 
thieves,  if  ^y  were  the  same  that 
robbed  the  palace,  were  certainly 
not  so  well  acsquainted  with  tl4 
passages  to  the  interior  of  fhe  church 
as  Wtth  those  to  the  most  private 
rooms  of  the  former  building;  for 
upon  breaking  open  the  first  door, 
tiiey  applied  their  stren^h  to  the 
great  gateleading  to  the  aisle.  They 
were  here  defeated  after  numer- 
ous violent  efforts,  for  there  were 
several  nuu-ks  on  the  door.  It  is 
supposed  that  they  opened  the 
lodoi  with  a  skdeton  k^,  and 
that  they  relinquished  the  idea  of 
forcing  their  way,  upon  findii^ 
that  the  door  had  been  fkstened 
by  a  couple  of  immense  iron  bohs, 
which  are  capable  of  resisting  the 
attempts  of  SO  men.  Baffled  in 
their  object  of  entering  at  this 
door,  they  next  attacked  a  wooden 
partition,  whidi  they  were  ttis*> 
taken  in  suppdsine  led  td  the  in- 
terior of  the  diurdi,  fen*  it  merely 
commtinieated  with  the  engine 
house.  They  broke  sufficiently 
through  dus  partition  to  convince 
^emsdves,  that,  eoLdtpt  they  chose 
to  steal  the  fire-engine,  they  had 
no  chance  of  profit  by  pnsUng 
their  kbours  Airther  in  that  direct* 
ion.  Thore  were  no  further  syntp* 
toms  of  attempt  to  enter  tiie 
church,  and  no  instrumenU  were 
found  near  the  tfpo^ 

The  conjecture  lanongst  thoee, 
trho  are  well  quaMed  to  judge  as 
to  the  attempt  to  get  into  the 
church,  is,  that  ^e  villains,  who 
broke  kto  the  pakce,  upon  find- 
ing that  they  had  no  chance  of 
getting  hold  of  ihe  expected  chests 
of  i^^,  determined  to  try  ihe 
^nrdi  and  Sbip  the  eoflsmunton 
table:  but  in  their  hopes  in  this 
respect)  alio>  they  woe  quite^nis- 
taken ;  foir  Uiere  is  no  j^ate  kept 
ialheduareh.  Thitwl&(9ibeIoi^ 


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ANKUAb  REGISTER.        [nm 


toity  and'iB  ooeaskmally  tued,  is 
Mgulflrlj  taken  to  a  place  c^ 
•eoority  remote  tnm  tbe  diurdi> 
when  thefe  is  no  necessity  for 
producing  it. 

Watbbspouti— On  Saturday^ 
the  town  and  net^bonrfaood  of 
Padiiuim  were  alurmed  by  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  very  large  Water- 
spout.  When  first  seen^  it  seemed 
to  have  risen  from  clouds  which 
were  gathering  thick  round  Hamil- 
ton ;  soon  aft^  it  assumed  a  more 
terrific  appearance^  and  veered  to 
the  north-west.  In  this  quarter^ 
it  di^[^yed  every  symptcmi  of  im- 
mediate explosion,  but  suddenly 
made  a  tvj^  circuit  to  the  west. 
In  its^  passage,  the  noise,  which  it 
created,  represented  the  distant 
Toar  of  the  sea  on  a  rocky  shore  ; 
but  as  it  continued  to  ascend,  the 
tone  was  altered,  and  resembled 
mofte  the  cmnpressed  discharge  of 
steam  from  a  boiler.  The  revolu- 
tions, which  it  made  in  its  transit, 
n^ere  awfully  grand;  and  its  at- 
tractive faculties  of  re-uniting  the 
volumes  of  mist,  which  issued  from 
its  side,  were  beyond  description 
beautiftiL  After  r^ieated  ascents 
and  descents,  it  varied  its  foim 
with  great  rapidity ;  at  one  period 
its  loi^tudinal  extent  must  have 
been  very  considerable,  and  in  the 
next  moment,  the  poiiit,  which 
left  no  more  than  eighty  3rard8  from 
itself  to  the  earth,  was  embosomed 
in  the  mass.  It  continued  these 
transmutations  for  an  hour,  and 
then  was  buried  in  the  ebuds. 
Immediately.  <m  its  disappearance, 
the  atmosj^iere  became  densdy 
dark,  and  die  most  vi^  liflhtninf 
and  tremendous  thunder,  raat  had 
been  heard  in  the  neighbourhood 
for  many  years,  ensued. 

A      DiSTRBflMD     PRIN0B88. — 

A  meeting  for  the  relirfof  Olivet, 
sm^dimni  prinoess  of  Cumberland> 


kldy  took  daoeat  the  Freemason's 
Tavern.  There  were  about  fifty 
persons  present  Sir  Grerard  Nod 
took  the  chair,  and  Dr.  Tucker  (of 
AshburUm)  entered  at  length  into 
the  lady's  claims.  The  result  of 
the  meeting  was,  that  20^  were 
subscribed  %  sir  G.  Noel,  51.  each 
by  Mr.  Hunt,  and  Mr.  Parkins, 
the  ex-sheriff,  and  one  sovereign 
was  sent  up  to  the  chairman  from 
the  meeting,  which  then  separated. 

PbINCB       HoHENLOBfS.  —  Dr. 

Murray,  lately  appmnted  Roman 
Catholic  archbishop  of  Dublin,  has 
dgnalised  his  succession  to  Dr. 
Irqy  by  a  pastoral  letter,  announc- 
ing, and  positively  attesting,  ano- 
ther miracle  by  prince  Hohenlohe. 
A  woman  of  the  name  of  Mary 
Stuart  is  here  dedared  by  the 
Popish  ux^bishop  to  have  been 
suddmly  cured  of  palsy  and  of 
dumbn«»  by  virtue  of  a  mass  ode- 
brated  on  the  1st  instant,  in  con* 
cert  with  the  above-named  prince. 
The  DuUin  papers  contain  affida- 
vits in  attestation  of  the  pretended 
miraculous  cure.  The  foUowiBg 
is  the  lady's  own  account  of  her 
case:«- 

Affidavit  of  Mary  Stuart,  a  Rdi* 
gieuse  of  Randagh  Convent 

County  of  Dublin  to  wit. — ^Macy 
Stuart,  of  Ranelagh  Convoit,  in 
the  said  county,  a^  36  years,  or 
thereabouts,  came  before  me^  one 
of  his  majesty's  justices  for  the 
peace  for  the  said  county,  and  made 
oath  on  the  holy  evangelist,  and 
saith,  that  in  the  month  of  Janu- 
ary, 1819,  die  was  Attadrad  fey 
typhus  fever,  as  die  was  in- 
formed and  believes,  which  con- 
tinued up  to  the  10th  of  March 
fdlowmg,  on  the  night  of  which 
day,  s^r  while  this  deponent  was 
in  a  state  of  convalescence^  the 


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109 


€imfeL  of  ibe  conyeiit  havinff  been 
coneumed  by  an  aoddenul  Bie, 
depoaeat  was  so  alarmed^  that  aha 
took  refuge  in  an  adjoining  field, 
being  long  after  midnight^  and 
from  the  damp  of  the  grass,  as 
this  deponent  was  informed  and 
believes,  she,  this  deponent,  con- 
tracted the  disease  under  which 
she  had  been  languishing  for  more 
than  four  years ;  that  the  principal 
symptoms  of  her  complaint  were 
stagnations  at  night,  which  re- 
turned five  or  six  times  for  the 
tjpaee  of  £Dur  hours,  and  produced 
a  total  suspension  of  all  faculties, 
and  sometimes  occurred  even  when 
this  deponent  was  perfectly  awake  ; 
that  there  were  very  few  weeks 
in  the  entire  period  of  her  illness 
in  whidi  she  was  free  from  these 
attada ;  that  she  had  occasionally 
experienced  a  temporary  suspension 
(^  the  fiiculty  of  qpeech ;  that  since 
the  6th  of  January,  1833,  the  loss 
of  speech  occurred  whenever  she 
was  raised  in  bed,  in  conse- 
quence of  which,  repeated  blister- 
ings  and  bleedinga  were  retorted 
to,  in  order  to  obtain  temporary 
rdief ;  that  on  the  27th  day  of 
June  last,  she,  this  deponent,  lost 
all  /acuity  of  speech,  which  could 
not  be  restored  by  the  most  power- 
ful remedies  that  were  applied; 
that  since  the  month  of  September, 
1^2,  this  deponent  had  been  oon- 
fioed  to  her  bed;  and  from  the 
month  of  January,  1828,  up  to  the 
first  day  of  August,  1893,  she 
had  bera  unable  to  turn  in  bed 
without  the  assistance  of  two  per- 
sons; and  during  her  illness  she 
had  been  repeatedly  bled  in  the 
anas  and  temples,  and  leeches  had 
been  applied  to  her  head,  in  one 
or  two  instances  up  the  nose; 
and  so  great  was  the  tendency  of 
blood  to  the  head,  that  on  one^io- 
cision  the  tempml  artery  bunt. 


dthoo^  it  hid  not  baefk  opcmd 
fior  some  weeks ;  that  blisters,  in  a 
oonnderable  number,  were  applied; 
and  sinoe  the  6th  day  of  Januaijr^ 
1820,  this  deponent  had  an  issue 
on  tbs  top  of  the  head,  containing 
as  she  was  infimned,  and  believes, 
thirty  peas;  aftowhioh,  two  other 
issues  were  made  in  the  nape  of  the 
neck,  and  one  in  her  left  arm,  con- 
taining five  kidney  beans;  that 
durintf  the  entire  period  of  her  ill- 
ness £ehas  taken  no  remedies,  but 
such  as  were  ordered  by  the  physi- 
cians ;  that  she  attributes  her  iiw 
stantaneous  recovery  to  the  super^ 
natural  interference  of  the  Divine 
Power,  throuffh  the  interoessumof 
prince  Hohenbhe.  This  deponent 
saith,  that,  having  understood  the 
prince  had  appointed  the  1st  day 
of  Augustinstant,asaday  on  whiflh 
all  those  who  wished  to  apnly  to 
the  Almighty  for  relief,  snonld 
join  him  in  prayer,  she,  this  depo« 
nent,  endeavou^  to  dispose  her- 
sctf  to  have  supplicationsolfered  for 
her;  that  having  fulfilled  the  oon- 
ditions  generally  prescribed  by  the 
prince,  and  prepared  herself  by  a 
sacramental  confession  (which  she 
was  abb  to  make  only  1^  signs)  ta 
receive  the  most  adiiaral^  Eudia- 
rist,  the  Reverend  Mr.  Meagher 
oflcred  the  divine  sacrifice  of  the 
mass  in  her  chamber,  at  which  her 
sister,  Anne  Stuart,  and  two  other 
religieuses  of  said  convent,  and  the 
attendantof  this  deponent,  asnsted; 
that  this  deponent  was  aeooaspa- 
nied  by  her  brother,  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Stuart,  during  ike  devotions  pre- 
vious to  the  mass ;  after  which,  as 
deponent  was  informed  and  be- 
lieves, he  went  to  oflfer  up  for  her, 
nnss,  in  the  chapel  of  the  convent ; 
that  this  deponent  could  not  rooeiva 
the  Uessed  Eucharist  but  as  a 
viaticum,  and  that  when  reoeivkif 
it  she  could  not  project  her  tongas 


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Lii!^. 


he^fXM^iiiieleedi;  tfait  at  tlie  obit» 
cLunon  of  tho  masg^  liliis  deponent 
fxmtiniied  in  ihe  iame  lie^en 
Hate  at  ber^m-belbra  deacnbedy 
and  D^en  addxened  by  Iter  sister^ 
tiie  nid  Anne  Stuart,  as  tp  bow  (die 
felt/  the,  tbis  deponent,  wat  unable 
to  give  any  signs  of  recoverj;  that 
in  perceiving  no  alteration  in 
benelf,  she  was  mentally  making 
an  act  of  resignation  to  the  divine 
will,  and  invoking  the  holy  name 
of  Jesus,  when  she  suddenly  per- 
eeived  she  had  strength  to  utter 
SDme  words,  and  immediately  ex- 
ciafttied,  ^^  Holy,  holy,  holy.  Lord 
God  of  Hosts,  tibe  heavens  and  the 
aavtb  are  full  of  ttiy  glory,''  and 
then,  without  any  assistance  from 
any  ponon,  raised  herself  in  the 
bed,  and  knelt  erect,  and  then 
prostrated  heraelf  to  adore  the 
goodness  of  God ;  that  having  im-^ 
mediately  dressed  bersdf^  die 
watted  down  to  the  dixpei  to  giv^ 
public  thanks  to  the  Alnugfaty; 
llut  since  tliat  time  she  has  not 
experienced  the  least  symptoms  of 
her  late  disease;  that  from  the 
issues  above  deso'^bed,  die  has  ex- 
perienced no  inomvenience  what- 
ever, notwithstiiadinff  that  no  ap^ 
fdication  for  heaiing  nas  heea  re- 
torted to ;  and  that  liie  said  issues 
are  now  entirdy  healed. 

6wom  before  me  this  15di  day 
of  Aucnst,  1893. 

John  Danisl  Ababin, 
Ifagistrate,  CaDuUin. 

Maty  Stuart. 

In  coBttqnenoe  of  l^e  notc^riety 
of  tUs  case,  a  letter  vm  addressed 
to  Dr.  Cheyne  (an  eminent  phyn* 
dan  who  had  attended  the  pa- 
tient) lisquesting  his  opinion  on 
two  points—namely,  whether  there 
Wei  any  thiag  miraculout  in  die 
flihange  whidh  took  place  in  Bfrs. 
StiMkifs  bealtJ^;  aM  wfaelber  it 


oould  be  explained  on' natural  piin- 
c^les?  He  felt  no  difficulty  in 
answering  the  queries,  and  ihs 
following  is  the  reply : — 

^  Dublin,  August  82, 1823. 

"  Dear  Sir ; — I  felt  it  necessary 
to  see  Dr.  Mills  and  Mr.  Macn^ 
mara  before  I  could  answer  your 
letter  of  the  20th.  ConsiclaiQ| 
that  the  friends  of  Mrs.  Stuart,  m 
Ranelagh  convent,  misbt  not  thint 
it  expedient  to  pubiiMi  our  certifi- 
cates relative  to  the  state  of  her 
health,  we  resolved  not  to  give  an 
opinion  on  the  subject,  and  not  in 
any  way  to  commit  ourselves  indi- 
vidually. 

"  These  certificates  having  been 
published,  I  have,  in  consequence 
of  your  letter,  waited  upon  Dr. 
Mills  and  Mr.  Macnamara;  and 
as  they  leave  me  to  the  exercise  of 
my  own  discretion,  I  can  have  no 
hesitation  in  answering  your  qnes- 
tions.  To  the  first  1  reply,  4at 
there  was  not,  in  njy  opimon, 
any  thing  miraculous  in  the  change 
whidi  took  place  in  Mrs.  Stuart'i 
health;  to  the  second^  that  her 
case  can,  to  my  entire  satisfaction, 
be  accounted  for  on  natural  prin^ 
dples.  I  sm,  dear  Sir,  your's, 
"J.  Cheynb. 

"  Rev.  Robert  Daly,  &c" 

ExBOUnON  OF  AN    INNOCtlft 

Mix.  —  CFrtm  the  "  Protidenee, 
Bkode  Island  Journal"  J -^  J  Ab 
C.  Hamilton  wat  executed  lA 
Kentucky  in  1817,  for  the  muidff 
of  Dr.  Sanderson,  ci  Natchez 
MissisaippL  A  man  recendv  ex- 
ecuted in  Mobile,  has  confesiel 
himself  liie  murderer  of  ^anta- 
ton,  and  declared  tbat  HamiHoa 
was  innocent*  The  fcltowing 
are  the  particulars  of  this  melasi- 
AxAj  affidr. 

"  Young  Hamilton  l|iiourf 
life    supp^ted    $fk  mWim^ 


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Ill 


elmittter^  and  obtainad  tibe  loFfe, 
esteem,  and  admiration  ctf  j^  his 
acqtwintanoe.    As  is  coftuapu  wiA 
liie  young  gentlemen  of  Kenludiyi 
he  was  in  the  practice  of  spending 
iSke  winter  season  in  ^  moire  ge- 
wbL  cUmate  of   tlie   MississippL 
On  his  xetum  fhmi  a  wipter  re- 
sidenoe  in  that  quarter,  he  aeci« 
dentally  fell  in  company  with  Dr. 
Sandmim,    who    being    unwell, 
was   journeying  to   Harrodsburg 
1^,  in  the  hope  of  recovering  his 
lost  health ;  imd  as  he  was  anxi^ 
oos  to  make  something  out  of  his 
pilgrimage,   he  tock  with  him  a 
'  large  sum  oi  money,  with  which 
he  contemplated  purchasing  ne« 
groes  on  speculation.     On  hu  way 
up  ^  country  his  infirmities  in- 
creased, and  as  he  was  apprehen- 
sive he  might  expire  on  iae  road, 
he  committed  his  treasure  to  the 
diarge  of  Hamilton.     In  a  few 
days,  however,    his  indisposition 
abated,    when    he   pursued    his 
journey,  and  finally    arrived  in 
safety  at   the  residence  of  Ha* 
mibon,  in  Barren  county,    Ken<r 
tocky,  where  he  remained  during 
tfie  summer,  and  received  from  his 
young  friend  eveiy  mark  of  cour* 
te^,    attention,   and   hospitality. 
In   the  month  of  Octob^,   Dr. 
Sanderson  made  arrangements  to 
depart*      Hamilton   aoeompanied 
him  sevend  miles  on   the  road^ 
and  then  took  an  afibctionate  fiuse* 
weO.    Ten  or  twelve  days  after, 
as  some  hunters  were  rambling 
through  the  forest,  they  discovered 
Ab  body  of  Dr.  Sanderson  in  • 
state  of  opiTuption,  shivt  in  several 
plaees,  and  mangled  in  the  most 
shocking  manner.     As  •  Hamilton 
was  laJBt  seen  with  him,  and  as  it 
was  known  that  he  had  from  time 
to   time  made   use   of  sums  of 
mon^  urigiDaUy  tbe.pDoperty  of 
Sandexsoiv  aiqpicioii  lell  on  his 


haadr  a«d  he  ivaa  aviMed,  tntd^ 
and  executed* 

^*  Previous  to  hk  arsesib  he  w«s 
advised  to  leave  the  ooontiy,  to 
avoid  danffer;  but  as  he  was  0009 
scious  of  nis  innocence,  he  dis. 
dained  tp  tak^  a  1^  which  wcmld 
cast  a  doud  of  di^mce  upon  his 
diaracter,  aad  rescmitdy  rented 
at  home.     As  the  mhalntanta  of 
the  coun^  were  divided  in  their 
opinions  as  to  his  gmlt,  the  afiair 
|p»dually  died  away ;  but  HamiU 
ton  being   anxious   that   a  tnal 
should  ta£e  pLic€^  and  firmly  believr 
ingthat  in  sui:b  w  event  his  r^u^ 
tation,   would  remain  unspotted* 
aoHdted  a  txial  at  the  hands  of  jua» 
tice,  which,  to  his  astcmishment 
and  sorrow,  closed  with  his  coa^ 
demnation.     The    only  evidence 
against   him  waa  cinnimstantial^ 
VIZ.  that  near  the  body  of  Sandeiv- 
son  wece  fi>und  a  bloody  pmr  of 
pantaloon^,    and   a    mkoi,  bodt 
bearing  the  nam^  of  Hamiltom. 
Through  the  whole  of  the  trials 
be  manifestad  a  fortitude  and  cool«> 
ness,  characteaistic  of  innooenoe^ 
and  expired  with  a  full  ooovu^ion,. 
that  the  real  murdiarer  would  ulci#- 
mately  be  discovered.    When  on 
the  scaffold,  he  took  a  manly  leave 
of  the  worlds   exfiressed  not  the 
least  regret  for  Us  ftte,  bat  W 
mented  that  his  misfortunea  would 
doud  the  projects  of  his  family.'' 

25i     PbI2B8      for     TIBTUOUa 

ACTIONS.  —  In  the  sitting  of  the 
French  Aeademv  on  St^  Loois^ 
day,  five  mises  (the  foundation  of 
baron  de  Montyou)  were  avntfded 
to  five  individuals  of  the  lower 
classes  of  society,  for  acts  or 
halits  of  virtue.  Four  of  these 
virtuous  peosoDS  were  of  the  softer 
aax>-*Dame  Jaoquemin,  and*  de» 
nwiHelles  Adele  Caillet,  litaie 
Gailier,  and  Barbe  Anaemanl^ 
The  fint  is  Ae  wife  of  a  wafe&> 


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camifir,  whose  hiuband  gtins  no 
more  ihan  35  sous,  or  l&L  a 
6my;  bat  on  tkis^  dame  Jaoqu^ 
min  reoeiTcd  into  her  house  and 
supported  a  poor  female  neigh- 
bour, left  d^tute  of  bread  or 
refupe.  Demoiselle  Caillet,  a 
millmer^s  girl,  has  durins  12 
years,  maintained  by  her  Ctbour 
the  mistress  with  whom  she 
aisrved  her  apprenticeship,  and 
whom  an  incurable  malady  pre- 
vented from  doing  any  thing  for 
her  own  supnort  Marie  Cartier 
has  performed  the  same  office  of 
chanty  for  the  last  17  years  to  a 
female,  whose  house  she  entered 
as  a  servant,  but  who  has  since 
fiJlen  into  utter  poverty.  The 
last,  who  is  a  porteress,  received 
and  supported  in  her  house  a 
young  woman  from  her  own  pro- 
vince, though  for  the  support  of 
lierself  and  family  she  has  only 
SOO  francs  or  8^  a-year,  and  was 
obliged  to  pledge  her  wearing  ap- 
inrel  to  pmorm  this  act  of  cha- 
nty. Each  of  these  benevcdent 
individuals  were  rewarded  with 
1,000  francs,  and  the  notice  of  the 
Firench  Academy. 

The  first  prize,  of  the  value  of 
J, 500  francs,  was  decreed  to  Jo- 
seph Becard,  an  old  clothes-man, 
and  the  following  is  the  account 
that  the  bishop  of  Hermopolis 
gave  of  the  invincible  patience, 
and  numerous  sacrifices,  which 
drew  down  upon  him  the  award 
of  baron  de  Montyou's  bounty : — 
This  man,  formerly  die  servant  of 
tiie  marquis  of  Stinfort,  who  died 
at  Arras  at  the  commencement  of 
the  revolution,  had  witnessed  in 
the  prison  of  that  dty,  during 
tiiat  disastiousperiod,  tiie  generous 
devotedness  of^  madame  de  Cha- 
Tilhac  to  her  husband,  who  was 
.  jduown  into  ihe  same  dungeon. 
Deprived  of  all  su^mrt  after  the 


death  of  her   husband, 
de  Chavilhac,  in  1812,  csaie  to 
Paris,  to  solicit  payment  of  some 
money    which  was  due   to  hiou 
She  understood  veiy  fit^  of  the 
French  language ;    and  not  suc- 
ceeding   in    i£e   object   of   Imt 
journey,  was  lednoed  to  the  bit 
d^ree  of  want,  when  she  aeo- 
dentally  met    Becard,  to  whom, 
being  of  the  same  province,  sad 
speaBng    the    same   dialect,  ibe 
communicated  the  account  of  her 
distress.     Becard  was  deeply  sf- 
feeted  with  her  change  of  oonfi- 
tion,   and   rendered  her  immedi- 
ately  all   the    assistance   in  hii 
power,  by  selling  for  her  at  a  pw- 
fitable  rate   those   articles  whick 
she  was  obliged  to  dispose  sf  for 
her  immediate  subsistmice.    Thb 
small  fund  was  soon   eidianstod: 
and  the   unhappy   lady,   in  des- 
pair,   passed    whole    ni^ts   snd 
days  in  tears,  struB]^ting  to  con- 
ceal the  distress  wmch  oppresnd 
her.     Becard,  although  himself  re- 
duced to   straits,   endeavoured  to 
aid  her  with   his  feeble  means; 
and  as   she  was  ashamed   to  in- 
scribe her  name  at  the  bosid  of 
charity,  he  placed  his  own  there  in 
her  stead,  eating  himself  the  coaise 
bread  which  he  received,  and  buy- 
ing fine  bread  for  madame  de  Cbs- 
vifiiac,  who  had  become  blind  fitsa 
the  excess  of  her  affictions.    Na^, 
conquering  his  natural  fedings  of 
riiame,  he  even  submitted  to  bef 
abns  in  the  street  for  her  s^; 
and  not  succeeding  in  his  object 
by   all    the   humiHations   of  Wi 
new  calling,  tried  afWwards  the 
trade    of    an    old    dothes-msit 
About  the  end  of  last  December, 
this  unfortunate  woman   heoaaie 
in,  and  Becard,  af^  going  ibdttt 
during  the  day  to  gain  a  niitt>Ke 
to  her  support,  watched  WtiiA 
bed  during  the  night  on  a  cbabr. 


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113 


It  WM  only  after  three  montliB 
watching,  that  he  could  he  pi»- 
waled  upon  to  a«oept  of  a  inattreis 
4rom  one  of  the  neighhours^  re- 
flating the  offer  go  long,  on  the 
■ground  that  he  might  thus  fall 
4||leep  while  his  patient  required 
his  asostanoe.  His  charity  did 
not  diminish,  as  the  progress  of 
tnadnniff  de  Chayilhac's  illness 
rendered  Hs  services  more  painfuL 
He  neyer  addressed  her  but  with 
the  leqiect  of  a  servant,  executing 
her  most  trifling  wishes  without 
a-monnur,  thoi^  continued  suf- 
fering had  soured  her  temper, 
and  rendered  her  peevish  and  mo- 
fose.  She  sometimes  complained 
of  his  leaving  her  during  the  day. 
He  only  answered  her  %  saying, 
that,  if  they  could  have  the  means 
q£  siunxirt  without  his  labour,  he 
would  never  kave  her  bed-side. 
Ten  days  before  her  death,  he  in 
filiit  eeased  to  go  out  on  his  usual 
oocnpation.  Sue  died  about  the 
ipiddtte  of  May  last  Becsid  ren- 
deiped  her  the  last  services  of  hu- 
manity, accompanied  her  body  to 
the  ffrave,  and  carried  to  ^  eur^ 
of  toe  parish  five  fisncs  which 
ijgmained  of  the  succoinr  which 
that  omr^  had  sent  her,  for  the 
nurpoae  of  obtaining  prayers  for 
W  souL  Faithful  to  her  me- 
mory, he  made,  with  his  own 
hands,  a  small  wooden  ooss,  and 
placed  it,  with  her.  Qame  in- 
lOSCTibed,  on  thagrave  where  her 
icBiains  were  intemd*  Such  was 
^  eourse  of  action,  which  se- 
eaved  lor  this  faithfld  friend  of 
misfortune  a  gold  medal,  and  an 
hemouiaiUe  mentioB  among  aa» 
SBobled  aoadeodoians.  If  thnre  m 
ms  ^focoaaee  in  the  letum  rf  iha 
^  finsncs,  and  the  aractifla  of  tha 
iJWwnmmtj  it  must  be  ascribed  t9 
tk^  bishop  who  gave  the  details* 

Vol.  LXV. 


SEPTEMBER. 

Tbb  Tbead  Mill.— Sir  J.  C. 
Hippisley  has  nublished  a  work  on 
this  subject.  Whether  this  humane 
magistrate  be  right  ^  or  wron^  in 
his  conclusions,  his  opinions, 
founded  as  ther)r  are  on  much  per- 
sonal observation,  deserve  serious 
consideration. 

*'  To  ascertain,"  says  he,  in  his 
letter  to  a  friend,  "  whether  , 
any  actual  change  has  in  any 
way  been  product  in  the  effects 
complained  of  since  our  visit^  of 
last  year,  I  have  once  more  ac- 
cepted of  your  invitation,  and  at 
the  time  of  writing  this,  have  just 
returned  from  the  House  of  Cor- 
rection at  Cold-Bath-fields,  to 
which  I  had  the  honour  of  beinff 
aocompanied  both  by  yourself  •  and 
Mr.  Cole,  who  took  a  part  in  the 
examination  we  entered  into,  and 
to  whom  I  appeal,  us  well  as  to 
yourself,  for  the  accuracy  of  th& 
following  brief  account  of  it. 
The  wheels  were  at  work  on  our 
arrival  in  all  the  yards,  still  idly 
expending  their  ^wer,  and  that 
of  their  workers,  m  the  air.  The 
hour  was  half-past  eleven  in  the 
moniinff,  the .  thermometer  at  6Q 
djdg.  Fi^renl^it,  with  a  cool  and 
gusty  breeae,  which  many  have 
complained  of  as  being  chilly, 
veering  from  north  to  south-west. 
We  examined  the  subterranean 
machinery,  which,  with  the  pon- 
decous  fly  above,  was  wiMrkin^  at 
a  fearfully  rapid  rate,  notwith-* 
standing  the  slow-naced  motioB^' 
of  the  principal  shan.  The  men 
were  on  duty  on  the  wheels  in* 
their  respective  yards,  and  the  re*i 
port  is  true  that  the  shaft  has 
again  broken,  forming  a  fifth  in- 
atanceof  Mure ;  and  otherwcnrkerv 
been  fig^i^  iibjown  upon  theb, 
b^s^J^viei^  idalfonn,  jwho-. 
must  in  lorae  instances  have  fallen 

I 


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ANNUAL    REGISTER.        [ims. 


through  to  the  stone  pavement, 
some  10  or  12  feet  bdow,  had  liot 
the  present  vigilant  govenK^r,  in 
antidpation  of  such  an  aeoidentf 
prudentlj  ordered  the  middle 
hatchways  to  he  dosed.*  I  in- 
spected the  men  as  they  descended 
in  rotation  fscm  the  whed,  at  th« 
end  of  the  quarter  of  an  hour** 
task-work>  to  make  room  for 
iresh  reki3rs.  Every  one  of  them 
was  perspiring,  some  in  a  dripping 
sweat.  On  askii^  them  sepa- 
rately^  and  at  a  distance  irinfM 
each  other,  where  was  the  chief 
stress  of  lahour^  they  stated  in 
succession,  and  without  the  leasl 
variatioa,  that  they  suffered  greaS 
pain  in  the  calf  of  the  leg,  and  in 
the  ham,  while  most  of  them, 
though  not  all,  compbiaed  <^ 
distress  also  in  the  instep.  On 
examining  the  hottom  a(  ^bar 
shoes,  it  was  manifest  that  the 
line  of  tread  had  not  extended 
ftuther  than  £rom  the  extremity 
of  the  toes  to  about  one-ihird  c^ 
the  bottom  of  ^e  foot ;  for,  in  se* 
vend  instances,  the  shoes  were 
new,  and  between  this  line  and 
the  hed,  altogether  unaoiled-Ht 
fact,  however,  that  was  as  obvioua 
liom  the  position  of  the  foot, 
while  at  wori^,  as  fixn  die  ap« 
pearance  of  the  shoe  at  rest  Se- 
veral of  the  worken  seem  to  aim 
at  supporting  their  weight  by 
hrinmi^  the  heel  into  acttoo,  thi* 
feet  lieung  twisted  outwards;  and 
cm  inquiring  why  this  was  not 
oftener  acoomj^isfaed,  the  repkf 
wai^  that  thoo^  they  could  gain 
a  little  in  this  way,  it  was  with 
so  painful  a  stsess  of  the  kneesr 


*  The  hatchways  are  now  removed 
to  the  endi  of  the  ffaUenea.  Among 
other  smaller  casualties,  a  woman  feu 
down  the  hatchway,  havimr  previonslv 
idlen  ina  fit  frm  the  head  oTtlw 
whed  upon  the  floor* 


that  they  could  only  try  it  occa^ 
sionally.  The  palms  of  their 
hands,  in  consequence  of  holdixig 
ti^t  to  the  rail,  were  in  every  m* 
stance  hardened,  in  many  hoosgrf 
in  some  blistered,  and  dischargii^ 
Water.  The  keeper,  who  aeoom- 
paniedus,  admitted  the  truth  of 
all  these  statements,  and  sdded^ 
thaS  it  was  the  ardinasy  result  sf 
the  labour,  and  that  use  did  aol 
seem  to  render  it  less  severe ;  lbs 
those  who  had  been  confined  hmg, 
qipeared  to  su&r  nearly,  or  she- 
ffiker,  as  nmch  as  tliose  who  wsrs 
new  to  the  work ;  thns  eonfiimiai 
thereaarkl  long  wme  took  tlsi 
Bherty  of  making  to  you— I  mssB, 
that  when  an  organ  is  directed  te 
any  kind  of  lalxMir  for  which  it  ii 
not  naturally  jnteoded,  no  pens- 
veranoe  will  ever  rive  it  fiMalitf 
of  action,  or  takeoff  the  origiasl 
distress. 

"^  The  females  we  found  agsin 
as  woi^  upcm  the  whed;  for,' 
with  a  stnmge  oountennanding  d 
indulgences  they  were  agaia  os* 
dered  to  hrave  all  the  mischiewMS 
eoBBequenses  which  had  beM 
proved  te  ensue,  and  apparently  t» 
undergo  a  new  set  of  espcriaicflls; 
whil^  as  though^in  full  coasaiflMf* 
ness  of  what  must  follow^  tks- 
visiting  magistrates  had  eaidfla* 
voused  te  prepare  against  some  of 
the  indeemcy  hewtofaie  complsia* 
ed  of,  by  exchanging  male  £v 
iemale  kespers,  and  nosing  a  fiasa 
screen  a  few  feat  above  the  plsl- 
fbcm,  so  as  to  hide  t^  sndsa 
Here  also  the  same  e&ets  of  pfl^ 
jytratimi,  the  same  camnlaints  cs 
pain  in  the  insfeq;>9  calf  OS  the  ki^ 
aadham^  were  repeated  as  in  t»e 
male  side;  to  whidi  the  teisle 
heqper  added  a  great  pain  in  tkt 
haxu,  thai  geimally  and  «i9 
grea^  diaCxcasod  than*  Tke 
per^nration,     however,    existing 


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sn*.^ 


C  H  R  O  1?  I  or  L  E. 


n^ 


t hf  feiiHii6i»  B  flnen  irftry 
»▼€ ;  Md  one  of  tiustt,  not 
hig  dnem,  ftll  down  to  iha  p]BU 
fimiB  afilintingfit;  tbe  li^^er 
Wndf  iMnod  deqpljr  to  f<icl  for 
4beni;  lierkngoagewiii^thlietliejr 
often  hid  not »  diy  tioeoi  befaif* 
lag  to  tkem ;  sid  this  MJdod^  700 
i^oiild  be  ftinrpiiMd^  Svt,  mwoiiag 
haw  ci^6a  the  inett  of  diem,  sfter 
kanng  been  8  few  weeks  jit  Work, 
«e  worn  down  And  «nidnted«  I 
mqaiiod,  whetkNT,  eren  or  this  so 
oomity  dbe  did  not  feel  k  neoMttuy 
to  vBcoBiniend,  at  tuse^  a  fbw 
da)is  rdanrtaoR,  tka/t  they  miglit 
aeooveir  tlienisdbes;  md  liie  od^ 
iinllidj  diAt  rile  was  ttot  anfire^ 
qoently  compelfed  to  do  «>•  Tl» 
pafaas  of  dieir  handff  hete^  as  nt 
tiM  case  of  ihe  make,  w«ie  bank 
horny,  and  in  far  moiv 
,  Uistera^  istit  katherf 
dan  in  some  cases  peefing  off,  and 
eipusinff  a  sore  suriaee  beneath** 
i^  dl  kinds  irf  needla^woKi,  and 
eAer  deikate  deseri^onf  of  nuw 
mad  kibotr,  Ibey  seem  to  be  oen^ 
ueluy  unfitted^  and  tlieheejpar  ai^ 
Wed  ^B*  ihey  were  efaaost  aW 
ways  xendetfsd  aedcss  fot  sucbr 
poT|Kieei.^ 

BovRMlAin>-^Tbe  Mtmotial 
Batddaig  gms  tiw  feilowiHff  ao^ 
oonnt  eC  a  singcdat  VKOeeedbig? 
''The  triboBil  of  Oanaotbnal 
Mku  has  given  todgmeaitiii  tlw 
oMipUnt  pioAarad  by  M«La?o^#V 
tkar  of  St  Eloy,  agafosr  •  mer*' 
dMmd  named  Bsrdiee.  Heaiiileiliin. 
tkai  the  vics#  ef  St.  Siiy  eDiti» 
mitteidisvoffinios  ageiBtt  mdana 
by  adtnomhing  faev  ha 
not  to  oama  tv  mass  «i 
i/chick  wkh  hai?  hair  hi 
r^  and  th«t  M.  BartlMs  wui 
ai  seiMas  inMto  to  dbe 
whom  he  sent  for  to  hk 
keoie,  oarppete^egitf  awfiisiiiif  a 
■k   p^uout;   the   ttttauttd  eMa« 


t^nced  him  to  One  nioitth's  impri-' 
aonraent  and  a  fine  of  SOO  francs.*' 
-***C0viafiMi0iiiMi. 

9^  At  Lknagoeraeen,  near  Fer^ 
moy,  in  It^land,  an  entire  fiudly, 
consisting  of  Mr.  Thomas  Franks 
hk  wilby  and  Us  sen,  Mf«  Henry 
Franks,  wore  mnrdaredbya  party 
cf  Whiteboys. 

Mr*  Ffanks's  home  had  beetf 
homed  some  time  ago,  by  the  mis^ 
oraants  who  deraaiate  tbk  eenni^, 
and  was  now  nadergeing  repair. 
Not  a  door  had  been  yet  put  up; 
the  famify ttted  pitncq^y  intone' 
aiiall  roomy  not  19  Ibet  square^  die 
window  sadies  of  which  were  not 
put  np^  and  the  wind  was  exehided 
onlyby  acunsum.  Onthedayof 
the  Bsurder  Mrs.  Pranks  end  her 
«Bti  had  been  at  Kildorrery/ 
and  rmmrned  to  a  kte  dinner, 
whieh  was  sovcely  oter^  when  a 
aoiie  was  heard  in  the  passBfle. 
Mr.  Franks  started  up  and  sM, 
here  atfe  my  ftknds  paying  mo 
oiother  tidt,  and,  beckcmixw  to  hk 
wife  and  eon  to  remain  qmet,  he 
Wtot  outside  theroemdoor  ;  tfaeM 
ho  was  met  by  a  Mhiw  of  krga 
^tetaroy  with  whom  a  oonteateon^^ 
tienoed.  The  mm  was  not  aftnad^ 
Ibid  they  fbught  wMi  thdr  handg, 
1ibf4  Ffanfca  retreating  to  the  pap^ 
kur ;  on  hk  entering  whkh,  did 
iasm^aiiti  nrihed  in  and  soon  fiUad 
dK  loottL  At  Ak  time  a  serrant 
ghd  about  14  yean  of  ago,  of  tka 

na«e  of  Matt  Mytt^  di]n^  u^^ 
a  taUe,  and  eonoealing  heraeif 
tkan^  witutiMd  die  hoftid  soemf 
Whkh  fiiUowed.  The  leader  of 
the  itfnirsentSy  a  ruffian  dituMd 
kk  wnMBW  cdotlwa,  demaaded  ai 
Mr.  Franblnaamis.  Mr.Franka 
said  he  had  none  in  the  house ; 
boa  that  he  would,  if  tfaey^chose^ 
aoeanipBiy  the  party  to  the  Rook 
Milk,  mid  gai  them  Ivom  Mr. 
Smhh,  who  &d  Item,  'niekader 
I  2 


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116 


ANItUAL    REGISTER.       [lais: 


then  laid,  ''  Boy%  ^  Toor  duty," 
tnd  he  himsdf  upiet  »  taUe  oa 
which  a  lighted  candle  wm  placed, 
which  hemg  extinguiahedy  he  had 
it  limited  amm  at  a  fire  in  the 
XDom.  Mr.  Franka,  hia  wife,  and 
800,  wenton  their  kaeea  to  bwler 
mercy,  aiauring  the  leader  of  the 
party  that  they  had  no  arma;  hot 
here  no  mercy  was  to  be  found. 
The-  lavagp,  as  if  impatient  of 
delay,iaatchedft4uirtgiin  firam  one 
of  lus  f oUo  wersy  and,  wiUuB  three 
feet  ci  the  unhamy  fiuher,  fired 
and  lodged  the  bidlets  in  hia  heart. 
They  wen  proceeded  to  dispatch 
the  son,  and  here  a  dreadfol  soeoe 
enaued:  the  mother,  onlyanxioas 
to  preserve  her  child>  and  rqganfless 
of  her  <fwn  safety,  dung  ta  the 
wietdied  young  man,  aa  if  to 
shield  him  ftcm  the  vengeance  of 
the  Msassins.  They  rcfpeatedly 
triedto  force  her  firom  hun,  and 
told  her  to  return  to  anodier  loooi, 
but  she  would  not  leave  her  son; 
ihey  then  struck  her  with  a  heavy 
iron  bar  on  the  left  temple,  and 
Ittesally  shattered  her  head  to 
atoms;  after  whidi  they  beat  the 
son's  brains  out,  and  mutilated  ali 
the  bodies  of  the  deceased.  At 
the  omnmencement  of  the  hornd 
weik,  another  female  servant  had 
been  duit  up  by  die  ruffians  in  a 
small  room;  when  they  had  mnr- 
deied  the  young  man,  they  thott^ 
they  heard  some  groan,  or  sound, 
aa  ^  life  was  not  entirely  eitino^ 
and  the  candle  having  been  ex* 
tkiguished,  they  took  tins  servant 
bom  her  place  of  eonfinement^ 
and  ene  of  them  holding  her  by 
the  hand  with  one  hand,  and  her 
htad  down  with  the  other,  mada 
her  proceed  to  a  cupboard  in  the 

eour,  and  take  out  a  candle  and 
t  it;  th^  then  te>ve  two 
heacvy  iron  bars,  waidiiu  30  er 
401b.    each,    throned   tSe   dsdl 


bodies;  and  eadi  nun^ 
skmw  took  a  kmir 
Ibf^andiepeatolydiove'it 
into  the  bodies.  Another  mffin^ 
in  female  apparel,  ooai* 
ootaide  the  imose;  sn4» 
_  a  womaniqppearat  thedoor 
of  an  out-house,  with  a  chiM  ia 
her  arma,  he  called  out  <<Tdbei, 
to  bed,"  and  ^aoed  e  asntiael  ea 
the  door.  When  the  shot  w» 
fired  insUe,  this  feUow  dmced  a 
regular  honwipe,  as  if  deligkliag 
in  the  dreaofiil  aoene  ffBingte< 
waid.  The  woman  of  ws  noois 
hada  son,  who,  immediate  yon  As 

Emarchinc  off,  mom^  a 
and  rode  to  KSdorTayi 
iN^ience  a  mSitary  pai^  anivcdhi 
half  an  hour  at  die  aoene  of  csii- 
nage.  It  would  uipcar  that  the 
hM^aents  sepaeatedb  and  proceeded 
in di&ient  directions^  as bleodiM 
traoed  <m  the  roads  to  Dooenis 
and  Kildarreiy. 

Claim  or  CkTHnuoa  to  piat 
omn  THB  nsAo  nr  PBoraariM 
CHUBra-TAnDfl;^^The  followiitf 
circumatanees  occurred  at  afuBOil 
whidi  took  piece  on  Tueaiayv  the 
9th  of  Sewbember,  16d8,  in  the 
church-yard  of  St  Kevin's,  PuMmg 

Ardiur  lyArey,  esq.  bacwir,  o» 
UsheP4ftreet,  was  interred  in  S^ 
Kevin's  dnuch-yard,;  on  Taerisy, 
the  9tii  of  September.  The  fb- 
neml  wasatteoided  by  a  ^'■i*'' 
of  prieets,  who  walked  in  i«guw 
proccaskm  op  Church-lane,  to  the 
grave,  and  there  enciivled  di^ 
selveB  about  it  Wheitheecma 
dSfVMited  durein,  etffe  ^^ 
.  Its,  who  stood  bdML  the  a^ 
ton,  desixed  him  to  stand  by<*^ 
he  shmild  oommenoe  dieb  oer^ 
The  aexten,  en  ttfning  rom 
penoetved  all  in  the  dktmeb^ 
uncovered,  and  hafonned  die  pirn 
diat  he  waa  sorry  to  be  oUi^di* 
interfere  with  Inm,  or  aay  «•>* 


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•3 


C  H  R  O  N  I  C  L  fi. 


lit 


i^  u  the  ytaurvUBg  of  thoif 
TcligiisuB  serrioey  but  lie  ooold  ndt 
|Miiuit  Inin  to  offioiftte  ^ofb*  The 
pnetteuecEiiim^iii  b  veiy  pevemp* 
tmftammer, hy  what  authorinr&e 
tloypod  hiwttoin  pwk'jewKng?  The 
lexlvA  Buomed  ittn^  b^  the  oireO" 
tioBs-oCilwoleigj  uieu  of'die  pniflh* 
And  hy  whst  authority  do  thejpre- 
vmtaSynidtheprieBt?  TheaexUm 
Bmmied  bun,  bj^e  nnctkni  oC 
their  bUiop^  and  the  exprem  kwi 
if ^  the  knd^  whidi  jpnffeat  any 
pnest  nNm  winding  hu  pvayeny  oir 
perfcmning  any  service  in  a  Pro* 
leitaBt  dnifeh-ywd.  The  priest 
■dd,  tiny  had  done  ao  before^  and 
why  wenf^hey  pverenited  now? 
VhMeaionKepHe^  if  he  had,it  WW 
hy^ateiith,  ondnot  with  the  sanction 
ef  idK  miaistei  of  the  parish,  as 
so  one^  not  efcn  a  clei^gynuni  of 
tiw  fataUished  ■chnrdi,  could  read 
the  Amend  aerrioe,  unlesB  antiio* 
riaed  by  him.  The  priest  thai 
eaelahnedyitwaa  amat hardship 
and  aiao  ti  great  mappointment 
to  thaBiy  and  to  that  large  assembly, 
ta  be  pie  Wilted*  The  sexton  re* 
ftted,  he  hoped  not,  as  he  under* 
stood  that  Uiey  always  performed 
their  funeral  service  before  the 
eorpse  was  removed  6om  the 
himse,  and  he  supposed  tiiat  they 
had  done  so  that  morning,  as  they 
^emaeives  knew  well,  that  no 
pMst  oouM  peKfan  any  service 
aaPkotestantflfaindi-Tard.  One 
afthem  said,  ^*  Doctor,  goonwitii 
the  aervioe;,  and  don't  attow  any 
iNBa  tomteuupl  you."  after  a 
mmab,  **m;'  said  h^  <<  say  the 
D9Pnfimdur  Hie  sexton  then 
Boplied,  that  nothing  codd  be  done 
MM' in -the  way^  of  servioe,  ex* 
papt  with  the  oonaent  of  the  deru 
t  of  Jtiioparirfi,  and,  if  they 
Itiw  teHfid  serviea  to  ba 
that  he  wmrid  send  for  ym. 
I  '*  Na/'     Tba  pnast 


Shssr 


(V\Bther  Bhlra)  then  tumed*round, 
and  in  a  very  audiUe  voice  in* 
fbrraed  the  sarroundine  multitude, 
**  that  tJiey  were  puUidy  prevented 
ftom  going  tiirough  their  service, 
md  as  they  were  prevented  from 
praying  in  puhKc,  he  desired  them 
all  to  admss  their  prayers  to 
Heaven  in  private,  to  themselves." 
Xlie  sexton  then  retired  from  the 
diurdi-yard  to  his  house,  while  the 
mnltitude  were  praying,  and  did 
CRit  further  interrupt  tiiem. 

In  a  short  thne  after,  a  nom* 
her  of  respectable  persons  called 
at  his  house,  one  of  whom  asked, 
whether  it  was  true  that  he  had 
had  die  audacity  to  prevent  their 
priests  fraoL  going  throuah  dieir 
nmend  sendee  that  mommg,  over 
dieir  deceased  friend.  The  sexton 
admitting  the  fact,  Uiey  tiien  adced 
him, by  what  authority  he  haddonO 
80.  The  sexton  replied,  that  he 
had  already  informed  thdr  priests. 
They  i^uisted  on  knowmg  by  whose 
anthority  he  had  done  so.  The 
aexton  then  replied,  by  the  orders 
of  the  minister  of  the  parish,  whose 
diureh-yard  it  was.  They  ^ea 
aaked,  had  he  received  any  parti* 
colar  instructions  from  the  an^- 
bldiop  of  Dublin  on  that  occasion 
to  prevent  them  ^  The  sextmi  re- 
ified, none ;  as  he  never  had  any 
communication  with  his  met  on 
thesubfect;  and  also  said,  his graee 
was  not  in  the  kingdom,  but  tet 
he  had  acted  by  general  instruo* 
tkms.  One  of  them,  a  Mr.  Red* 
inonda,  <3i  Rathnines,  replied,  that 
he  had  always  had  a  priest  to  per^ 
form  iStie  service  at  the  interment 
of  his  mother  and  odier  friends, 
hi  St.  Kevhi's  church-yard.  Hm 
sexton  rqdied,  if  ever  he  had,  it 
was  throng  stealth,  as  he  had 
i^eady  mentioned  in  the  chnrchL 
yard,  and  that  he,  Mr.  ftedm<mds, 
WM  no  friend  of  the  priaal  for  wftf^ 


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119  ANNUAL   REOIfTER.       ivm 

m^  in  «|.  V^^0  or  ia  «!. 

Mge^/BMd^oace  aboat  ^w  j«iii 
afD  (w  Si.  Peter's  ebiiitk.]Wit)i 
m  wbicb  lima  Ihe  leslwi  w«il 
19  the  pffim*  hf  <xder  of  dn 
coiwie  (tf  the  paibh  (wko  wm  « 
Ite  vestejF-niem  ai  die  iiiae)>  mI 
pvereniad  Um  ftom  preoeediBf 
Tbe  prie9t  iraine<He<riy  MMd 

The  ebeve  eialemeiK  wis  mil 
i^mn  oeih,  beCm  the  ked  nftT* 
el  PuUuis  1^  the  wleo  of  a 
Kevin^  peiiflii- 

DiB0OV%BY    OP     AH     ^NOUWt 

PAiN>rtrf«<-*4]i  deaiu^g  the  tomb 
weU  of  Ihe  <^uich  at  WooMhi 
Beiflet,  Wilt0»  whieh  i»  mm 
•neieai  then  the  veet  of  die  «Mr 
lure,  the  woHmwn  moMfinlAf 
W>¥i|[bt  to  li^t  A  very  nufiflM 
peiating,  eveevted  ia  the  mtet 
style.  jDhnishuMb  epieeeitfike 
pleliter  fell  eft  and  iheamed  ftot 
of  e  nmn  with  e  epvr  wes  «i» 
eoveied  imdemeeth.  Giedually 
lenumng  die  i^ester  eioued,  ibi 
worknen  found  a  peuidpft  » 
weler  oUbnie^  of  the  imiiaar  if 
eiehUshop  Beehett.  The  fcwr 
loughts  m  comiilete  «nnMir  sie  0 
the  aotof  assMiItia^  the  eiehhiik^ 
The  figpies  of  die  knifhls  aie 
oewrly  perftet ;  die  tve  Jatt^riit 
die  M^  of  drawing.  The  enb^ 
Uibep  is  kaimg  hefcnte  the  sUtr; 
between  his  bands,  which  ^ 
laiasd  in  a  pious  aCtitiBde,  u  As 
wafer;  the  cup  and  the  hoek«H 
plaeed  on  the  table  before  hm 
the  cvoaier  end  mitre  ere  )if  bf 
fide.  Hiseaidinal'sxedrob^v^ 
coldea  hmi»,  is  distinct^i^ 
teatuies  area  good  deal  cWtknie^Jm 
but  there  is  sufficient  to  show,  d^ 
bi«  head  is  turned  nmnd  b  fw^ 
surpisse.  Thepietnreiflevlis**^ 
peiited  on  the  flmt  eonda^  w'*^ 
h»e  8t«M  is  imiM  ^iiildr  "••^ 


fng  ai»»  es  the  priest  oonld  hgfe 
been  punidied  for  so  donig,  it 
tieing  contrary  to  law.  They  then 
threatened  the  sexton,  saying  that 
millionB  were  not  to  be  tranq^ 
m,  or  insulted  by  afew,  nor  womM 
d^y  endure  it  any  hmg^;  b«t 
that  they  should  hi^e  their  riebm, 
and  would  have  them,  and  Ul^ 
wise  would  have  thdr  own  service 
ia  future  performed  by  their  own 
^dergymen,  and  would  not  be  pvo* 
vented.  The  sexton  then  md,  m 
ih^  threatened  him  for  doing  his 
duty,  he  requested  them  to  come 
at  11  o'doek,  and  that  they  would 
have  en  opportunity  of  meeting 
die  archdeacon  of  DnWn  diere, 
whose  church*yard  it  was,  and  who 
would  inform  diem  better  than 
the  sexton  could,  why  the  laws 
prevented  them.  They  0^  it  was 
a  savage  thing  to  disturb  them  in 
their  dying  hours  l^  such  conduot. 
The  sexton  said,  he  was  eovry 
to  hear  a  person  that  bad  the  «p«- 
pearance  oi  a  geiHleman  say  so, 
as  he,  the  sexton,  oertmiy  did  no 
fueh  thing,  as  he  believed  that  the 
poor  man  had  died  the  Saturday 
or  Sunday  before.  They  then  be« 
came  outrageous,  when  die  sexton 
was  obliged  to  inform  Mr.  Redn 
monds,  who  stood  near  him,  that 
he  was  surprised  to  see  him  bead* 
ing  such  a  number  of  persons,  bodi 
to  insult  and  amault  him  in  Us 
own  house,  and  if  they  would  not 
retire,  he  diould  h(dd  him  account* 
able.    They  then  dispersed. 

The  sexton  states,  that  the 
fianids  ef  the  decoded,  on  the 
evening  before,  when  adud  AmiA 
the  clergyman  of  the  parish  attend, 
answered  no,  as  they  would  haye 
one  of  their  own  widi  them. 

The  sexton  further  states,  that, 
during  the  time  of  his  holding  «^ 
oAee  (upwards  of  six  years),  ne 
priest  had  perfimned  any  scrwe 


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a 


CHRONICLE. 


119 


£iUiag  doors  ia  dso  rudely  scfmo 
«flnftpd»  and  below  it  dsetdied  what 
nwi  nrtWMJQci  to  ^ofiufy  ftbe 
iHttkednl  itfalf. 

Tub  FBOi>p0fs  op  Fakmgb 
iMmMVBY^— 11m  Pam  joimali 
Jbftvtt  of  kfee  cnlarlauied  mir  zea^ 
40  irilh  labottBod  dflMriptinDB -aad 
mm  >iilngini  sf  the  ooUvotiaa  of 
4he  pindncU  of  French  ioduitrf, 
mom  rsMihkdng  bx  the  Loufpe. 

This  is  the  seeond  show  of  the 
Ufld  pmeatad  to  the  good  people 
of  FmM,  mxk»  the  retum  of  Uie 
JSeurboDSy  in  one  of  the  pelacea. 
JNapoIeDii  did  not  think  of  bringing 
ihe  mmufaoftirers  and  artisans  so 
«ear  his  own  resideno^  or  under 
the  wum  roof  with  his  splendid 
gMWHiHj  but  aiq[sopriated  fSor  the 
stiiplajr  of  their  conunodities  the 
eehion  of  the  ikoU  Miiitwre;  and 
4hus  gaire  the  Parisians  a  trip  to 
^le  Champ  de  Mars,  the  scene  of 
je  many  striking  and  splendid 
spnstetka  during  the  xevcdutami^ 
mA  nndtr  his  government.  The 
last  exhiUtion  which  was  ordyered 
by  aothonQr^  and  the  first  in  the 
lAmrxe,  took  ptaoe  in  1819,  under 
the  Bunifl«rj of  De  Cases;  and  the 
<rigiiial  inleplinn  of  allowing  a 
Jftistie  to  pass  between  every  sue^ 
eessiiTe  one  would  have  put  off  the 
fBsaenty  till  the  autunm  of  ISiA. 
This  plan  was  departed  from  only 
on  aoeoont  of  the  war  with  Spain. 
At  end  befbae  the  oommencfimenr 
of  hostilitiei^  the  oonunerdal  and 
■MSinfnetwing  part  of  the  nation 
took  the  alfura  Hx  their  wocfc- 
sheps  and  magaaineB^paedicted  the 
jvinof  their  trade,  sod  the  star^ 
vetaoQof  thflur  workmen ;  and,  in 
the  hMgiMne  of  Cknteaubriaai, 
^*  lod&rated  pewie"  with  all  their 
Wglit.  To  stove  the  Msehood  ef 
4h«r  yndifliSone,  and  thefoUyof 
tbew  elentf^  the  ministfr  of  ri>f^ 


iaicrfar  adonfeed  the  very  logical 
expedient  of  asaeabling  the  pn>- 
diiotsof  their  industiy  in  a  general 
WMStnr,  offering  to  prove  by  ocular 
tnspectioay  that  the  Frendi  could, 
under  an  ultra  cabinet,  make  brass 
nails  and  broadcloth,  shawls,  cali- 
oees,  end  cutlery,  as  well  as  under 
an  adnunistration  from  the  centre; 
but  forgetting,  or  affecting  to 
faagsty  that  the  manu&ctuicKs 
campkined  not  of  the  degenera^ 
nf  meir  workmen  or  the  diminu- 
tion of  their  skill,  but  of  a  reduced 
dffnand  lor  their  goods— not  of  the 
want  of  articles  in  their  magasines, 
but  of  the  want  of  a  market  amon^ 
theur  fiireign  customers.  However 
that  may  be,  the  project  has 
answered  one  of  the  purooses  of  its 
invention  most  effectually — it  has 
acted  as  a  diversion  to  public  dis- 
content. The  public  prints  have 
forgotten  Cadis  and  politics,  to 
descant  on  cachemeres  and  speak- 
ing dolls. 

The  ezhilntion  is  s(N«ad  over  &% 
rooms  of  the  Louvre,  and  embraces 
the  whole  suite  of  apartments  on 
the  first  floor  of  the  parallelogram 
of  the  new  palace,  besides  the  ves- 
liholas  under  the  grand  cobniiade. 
£very  article  of  French  industry  is 
mnrai^ed  in  convenient  classes,  and 
has  Its  proper  place  allotted  it. 
The  scale  even  descends  so  low  as 
children's  toys,  tooth-brushes,  peri- 
wigs, and  perfumery.  The  num- 
ber of  mennfacturers  or  artisans, 
who  have  sent  arddes  of  their 
ewn  making,  amounts  to  1,648; 
|he  catalogue,  without  a  word  of 
^description,  composes  a  pamphlet 
4xf  ISO  pages.  In  the  first  room 
jon  the  gnmnd  floor  under  the 
great  colonnade,  aro  arranged  th^ 
utensils  of  husbandry  and  various 
articles  of  ingenious  machinery 
made  of  iron,  steel,  oagpet,  anc, 
and  other  metals.    The   number 


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120 


ANNUAL  RE6I&TSR. 


[IMI. 


of  eiMbifeors  in  'das  dapoitBiait 
ampunts  to  154;  and  in  the  list 
are  found  the  names  ci  several 
Bn^ishmenr-ffiioh  as  Banson  and 
So^  Smith,  Waddtngton,  Resfer 
and  Dixon,  &c.  Passing  by  two 
large,  rooms  dedicated  to  articles 
of  perftimery,  which  httve  fsr 
thesf  owners  only  16  modest  com^ 
petitors  for  medals  and  customersy 
and twoothecB  set  apast  £orwliat 
axe  called  '^alimeuliiry  prodnets/' 
-«4udt  as  dried  meat,  yinegar^ 
beet-root,  and  cane-sogae,  dmoo- 
late,  and  confectionery — ^we  come 
to  two  sallei,  containing  chymical 
products,  as  alum,  soda,  soap,  seal- 
ing-wax, and  other  such  prepara- 
ticrns.  The  number  of  persons, 
who  have  contributed  to  gratify 
public  curiosity  with  these  sped^ 
mens,  is  64,  and  among  diem 
are  the  names  of  three  or  four 
Englishmen.  Then  follow  three 
murtments  filled  with  kitchen  fur- 
niture and  utensils — such  as  stoves, 
furnaces,  lamps,  &ci  Two  rooms 
are  devoted  to  various  articles  of 
paper  and  pasteboard,  and  one  to 
commodities  manufactured  of 
leather  and  hides,  such  as  parch- 
ment, gloves,  shoes,  moroeco,  and 
others.  Two  large  saloons  are  set 
apart  for  instruments  of  music: 
t4e  number  of  contributors  here  is 
41.  Then  follow  four  or  five  of 
the  most  interesting  apartments  in 
the  suite,  filled  with  optical  and 
medical  instruments,  artadet  of 
ornamental  dock-work,  porcelain, 
and  polished  wooden  f^umiture.  A 
lar^  space  is  of  course  appropriated 
to  silk  fabrics,  battery,  jewdlcry, 
and  cutlery.  Two  saloons  are  oo- 
ciipied  with  articles  of  bronse,  gc^ 
and  silver  ware ;  and  two  others, 
with  plated  goods.  Articles  made 
of  fiax,  and  hemp,  and  cotton> 
6Ui$h  as  cambric,  damask  table^ 
doths,  haQdlsercfaie£s-««liooo^  aiaa* 


Iim;,  te.,  M  upjtwo  lar^  apift- 
meats,  and  have  finr  thnrcmln* 
bolors  ISdmaouftMHiMrs  or  aiti* 
sans.  Six  rooms  are  adorned  wldi^ 
the  manufacture,  of  whiflh,  Boct  ti 
siik,  Franca  has  tlie  most  raaooii  la 
boast  the  perfectien-^iiamfhr, 
woolkftaitkfes,  iadnding  Awilii 
baoad-ctoths,  Uankels^  fianaeis^Aa 
The  number  of  aunuftctiim  of 
thiastsfle,  whohavepresenlQiti: 
the  pubUc  spodmMaa  of  tinir 
ftbric,  aaMunlis  .to  dOa  Thai 
second  vestibidb,  filMl  mA  vu^ 
diinery  and  impLemeats  of  hv 
bandry  aadof  theertsi^  oomfittm 
the  long  series  of  dieae  prodneli  of 
Frendi  indoftiy.  It  would  W 
difficult  to  eoDceiive  anv  t^Mf 
more  full  in  the  detaib— <iHia 
stxiking  in  the  epitembl^  Na 
fabric  of  coBvenienee,  utility^  or 
eJepanoe,  was  without  a  lupwieRi 
tative  in  this  magniiosBt  psno^ 
rama. 

12.  THBNswLoNiN>N^Bft»Q& 
'^The  Bridge-house  oommittta 
met  at  Guildhall,  to  ddihenti 
upon  t^e  subject  c^  fixing  iqpoa  a' 
site  for  the  new  bridge,  tibe  build- 
iag  of  whidi  is  to  be  forthwith 
actifdy  cenmienced.  Mr.  Reani^- 
the  engineer,  attended.  After 
aome  previoaa  bnsinesB,  ni^  f^ 
paired  to  FidimonMrs'-hallf  opoa 
tiietopofwhldi  they  began  their 
dafiberations. 

Several  of  the  member*  ooa* 
tended,  that  as  a  new  biidffB  mo^ 
be  built,  the  most  advisable  po^ 
tion  is  upon  the  nte  of  the  uioi«J^ 
bridge,  die  fmmdatioa  of  whiA  il 
one  of  great  stahOky.  The  ap- 
proaches would,  by  ^kas  phai> 
occasion  less  expoise,  as  aowBg 
would  be  necessary  but  ftwidn- 
iag  of  the  streets  at  eaih  «■& 
of  the  bridge.  It  had  betfk 
s^Ggeatod,  by  vnne  of  tteffe  vbo 
have  been  acttye  in  fwtheiiBflh^ 


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C  HiH  O'N  I  C  L  E. 


121 


Aafyif  a  hMfgB  to  eMdted  at  m. 


i^  iMMt  ba  tttetti  ioBotdtMBfy  on 
tiwcMlfUfeof  FiffanoBgenr-lidL 
Ib  ifaii  eMs,  ibe  line  of  ivMd  would 
MataMwe  ftt  •  aftftauwe  ef  dO  yadb 
fipBm  the  north  aide  of  Uppor 
XMnMe-flMety  snd  temiuKte  in 

WBt  mT      -  -  O        ^fc      [111  ■«    _    ^* 

ingD^nVBiV)   SNNRDIPttK)   flt  ft  Il9> 

taiice  of  IM  ynd^  irom  the  river, 
kmiw  m  extennve  area  at  eadi 
€ttd  Iff  tbe  Mige.  The  espenaea 
attending  muSk  ^V^  were  urtted, 
and  the  opinion  ef  Mr*  xeifoMy  a 
■Mn  of  oonaideMble  skill  and  expe- 
Mieey  was  'taken  upon  it  The 
op&flioa  of  liiat  gentieman  was,  that 
uenefrMdgeshouldheoonstracted 
•anenr  ai  pcM^le  to  the  old  hn^, 
•oaanot  to  atodanger  its  staluli^, 
aad  that  pibbaUy  ^le  new  bridge 
laight  be  ereeted  at  a  distance  of 
SO  ytudB  from  the  present  bridge. 
It  was  n^ged  hy  Mr.  Bennie^  thit 
ihe  least  expensive  course  would 
b^  to  eicct  a  temporary  bridge 
the  pfesent  bnd^  and 
^-hall>  OTor  whidi  the 
\of  liondon  oouU  be  carried 
on,  end  tSut  the  old  bridge  diould 
be  ttJben  dowir  and  a  new  one 
rtfsed  upon  its  rite.  The  expense 
of  the  icmpotaty  bridge  would 
flaomit  to  no  more  tium  90,000^, 
and  the  approadies  to  Uie  new 
})Mge  would  not  add  so  much  to 
the  whole  estimate^  asif  anew  site 
wweaeleeted. 
The  Committee,  after  a  moat 
mvestigation  of  the 
of  tire  ease,  came  to  the 
ieieimination,  to  have  the  new 
hridffe  on  a  new  rite  as  dose  to 
Lonocm  Ibidge  as  posrilidej  and  to 
aflow  tlM  present  bridge  to  stand 
ulil  the  new  one  «L  its  ap- 
shall   have  been   com- 


The 


_  is  to  be 
SODS  as  poirihfe 


The 


nent  of  St.  Savidm^s,  Sonthwarky 
will  be  thrown  opoi,  and  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Fiihmongers'-hall  will 
be  oonsideraldj  benefitted.  The 
stone  for  the  bridge  is  to  come  from 
Aberdeen* 

Oi*»  BMiLwr^^CkargeafMnr^ 
der^^^W.  B.  Dyson  was  indicted 
for  the  vrilful  murder  of  Elisabeth 
Andumy. 

BHndietfa  Bdl  stated,  that  riia 
Knew  the  prisoner  and  the  deceased. 
She  reeoUected  their  lodging  to- 
gether as  mim  and  wife,  at  Mr. 
Williams's,  in  Sherrard-street ; 
tiiey  left  Williams's  on  the  25th 
of  July ;  witness  dined  with  them 
on  that  day,  and  parted  from  them 
at  9  tiut  night.  They  both  ap- 
peered  very  dejected ;  about  12  at 
night,  on  ihe  25th  of  July,  prisoner 
casnetowitness'slodgix^;  she  went 
down  to  the  door  to  him,  and  she 
saw  Anthony  in  the  street,  a  little 
wi^  from  tiie  house,  when  she  was 
talking  to  Dyson ;  about  2  o'clock 
in  trc  morning  of  the  26tb> 
the  prisoner  returned  to  witness's 
lodgings,  and  aj^ieared  wet ;  wit- 
ness sail,  «' Where  is  Eliia?"  Pri- 
soner answered,  *^  Poor  thing,  she 
is  no  more ;  she  is  drowned."  He 
said,  he  could  not  save  her;  wit- 
ness went  up  stairs  for  a  Ught :  on 
her  return,  he  said  it  was  distr^ 
that  had  occarioned  him  to  do  it, 
and  he  meant  to  have  destroyed 
himself. 

Cross-examined  by  Mr.  An- 
drews.— Prisoner  was  aflfection- 
ately  attached  to  Elica  Anthony, 
and  wanted  witness  to  let  her 
sleep  with  her  the  ni^t  of  her 
death*  He  was  dripping  wet  when 
he  returned,  and  deared  vritness  to 
tell  every  one  of  the  death  of 
filiaa,  axMi  to  acquaint  the  decea^ 
sed's  mother  of  the  circumstance ; 
he  never  attempted  to  escape. 
Witneis^  from  her  hnewledge  of 


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[M8. 


notourta  wonn.  Witnen^  inm 
deceased  herself,  knew,  that  fA- 
umesr  wished  to  many  her. 

Fduices  Hooking  w)io  loimi 
with  Mrs.  Belly  confirmed  ttmt 
witaets's  evidence  as  to  the  pri- 
soner being  completelj  wet»  whci^ 
he  came  to  fiell'a  lodgisgi  at  two 
o'clock  in  the  morning. 

Robert  Bownslejr  said^  he  was  a 
watchman  in  Jermyn^^r^et,  and 
retnembered  seeing  prisoner  oo 
Saturday,  the  26th  of  July,  at 
hfllf»*past  one  in  the  monung, 
Jiear  St.  James's^market,  aying 
out^^'My  God,  my  God,  what 
Vve  I  done !"  Witness  said  ^' You 
have  done  something  wrong." 
Prisoner  then  went  to  the  house 
No.  135,  Jermyn-street,  and  rang 
4he  bell  violendy.  Witness  went 
up  to  him,  and  he  said,  ^'  It  ia  all 
right,  my  name  is  Dyson" 

John  Rayne,  a  private  watchr 
man  at  the  Speaker's,  rccoUeoted 
on  the  S5th  of  July,  being  on 
duty  at  night,  as  usuaJ,  he  heard 
the  cry  of  murder,  which  appeared 
to  eome  from  the  rivar ;  on  looki]]^ 
to  the  spoty  he  saw  a  man  in  a 
boat,  in  appareyit  distzess.  lie 
heard  the  man  cry  out  ''£lin^ 
£liza."  The  cry  of  murder  pro* 
ceeded  from  a  female  voioe.  Wit^ 
ness  could  not  f;o  to  the  ^«t,  for 
he  was  locked  in  on  the  Speaker's 
premises.  The  tide  had  turned 
about  20  minutea  before. 

George  SuUiway,  a  waterman, 
had  moved  his  l^t  under  the 
andiway  of  Westminster-bridge 
on  the  night  of  the  25th  of  July, 
at  11  o'clock.  It  was  then  ebbr 
tide^  and  tbi  boot  was  agiound; 
no  person  could  have  been  drowned 
there.  The  next  morning  he 
found  his  boat  100  yavds  to  the 
south  of,  the  raot  witness  left  her 
}ti,  very  aouddy^  as  if  feraops  had 


beaa  atfUfgWig  iait>  HeimMi 
uf  to  VaraaU*  and  there  hipa 
to  waah  hia  boat,  in  wUsh  he 
found  a  bonnety  tlm  iwadufled  la 
tboCourt.  The banchMi  aa  wA 
•a  the  bottom  «f  the  boat,  wssa 
dir^« 

Cwaa  fdamined  ^WjiniaifiwBJ 
the  beat  botwwn  the  SpeaMi 
garden  and  the  bridge;  and  tk 
mod  in  the  boatahowedt  thetasaitf 
4)iie,  who  had  been  in  it,  auMt  heat 
been  on  the  be»cb. 

By  the  Court^The  maikf  m 
the  boat  showed,  aaif  peraoBihad 
been  stmsgling,  aad  not  as  if  Ihsjr 
had  been  u  the  mud,  and  aMcdgr 
af terwavdftwnlked  iato  the  boat. 

Joseph  Wood,  the  laadkiid  of 
the  Union  Tavern,  Ai]>M)0l> 
Piccadilly,  atated,  tiiat  the  fsi- 
aonar  and  daoeasedbad  lived  witb 
him.  The  bonnet  pioduoed  Iqr 
SuUiway  belonged  to  £lin  ^ 
thcmy. 

Mr.  Je£^iea,  a  sucgeon^^Ue 
examined  the  body  of  Anthany  at 
the  desire  of  the  laat  witaev, 
about  six  days  after  she  was  dcowa^ 
ed;  there  weva  bruises  on  tk 
body,  whieh  indicated  that  vio- 
lenoe  had  been  used.  The  hsad 
Waa  much  swoUen»  which  k 
attributed  to  oxtravaaatad  Uood; 
the  lunga  were  goB|^9  which  w 
4Muiaed  oy  Hufooataon»  as  wilasSB 
fiqypoaed  fiom  drowning  f  the  head 
ai^peared  bruised;  the  iq^;ieanatf^ 
on  the  head,  he  should  thmk*  arose 
fiom  eoUemal  injuries ;  thevewise 
marka  of  external  vioienee  on  the 
&oe  that  could  not  be  produeedato 
deathjin  theopinionof  the  witness; 
deaaaaed's  death  waa  occBsionedlf 
Buffbcatiott,  to  die  bested  witoesi'« 
judgment.  He  did  not  think,  the 
external  vaoleaee  he  had  spekanv 
would  have  produced  death. 

The  dapeMwd  waa  five  mo^t^ 
jiiTaneed  in  pi:egnan<^* 


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128 


mmgpmt  opened  tbe  htiiy  of  ibc 
itociaMd  l^  ikm  dimtf or  of  dM 

IIm^  iip  foctprail  vjolcnrft  luid  bcm 
Vifd bf<Die dfMthi  ifewtslfidto 
this  opinion  by  imng  no  eaLtcavftf 
tMiHM»ar«nf«A<«iwfeai^^ 

iNid  hoon  Miod 

Jtfav  Joito    B«it*W<  WilUMD 

prffpeoutiQii  is  now  fdmod^  ii»Tr 
jfiMiM0r  tt«pgl9  f^  in  fo\a  d^ 

PimiMi>*-^'  No«  my  Lord." 
Witmiei  in  fttvour  af  Ifae  pa* 
Mnr'A  Qhraustft  Iitving  ban  eza» 
mincdy 

.  Mr.  JiMrtm  fioal  ftetad  to  the 
juiy,  that  there  were  ^iree  iwu> 
team!  pQJotii  Cm  their  QteoddidDB. 
U  the  jury  heli^rrd,  thai  both  the 
iwifoiwr  and  the  4oo»«od  went  to 
the  vft^  U>  dnmn  thenuekci^ 
Md  thai  thftdeflfiaeedfioaunanded* 
«r  ppMwtod  m,  the  pdioner  to 
<hvow  bfiVMlf  arer  into  the  wmtar» 
thm  the  msonar  was  guili^  of 
mmitX'  Xhiit  wm  tha  opiniim  of 
himaalf  and  hit  kaioad  hpothar 
iCxAmvi);  but  Aa  point  (if  the 
Jwy  fhould  ao  find  it)  should  be 
Nowad  for  the  oonndaralifln  of 
Iha  Jiiiges.  U  the  jury  thou^t, 
Aat  tha  piuoaar  went  to  the  nvar 
»»dwwnn  hkagelf,  and  the  dgceaiid 
jumpad  atairboaod  to  save  hsai^ 
and  waa  jthns  drowned*  than  the 
fiieaniFr  miiat  be  acquitted.  On 
tha  other  hand,  if  tha  jurf  bar 
linred  that  lihe  priaanar  had  pusbod 
her  m  agahnit  her  will,  than  of 
eenraa  he  amst  be  iaasid  guil^r. 

The  jury  actiB^  tn  about  AO 
lainutia^  and  on  tinnr  retura,  tha 
FflBBBBaa  pnmouBced  the  veadiet, 
"Gmii^,  UiavijBg  thai  thay  hath 
want  to  thft  watar^ibawn  thaai* 

MIWU" 


Hf.  JwUke  Beat  than  recoaiai 
the  yardict  After  the  lapee  of 
m  few  ndnutai,  the  leamad  judge 
aaid,  *'  You  baiiaTa,  gentlenan, 
that  the  prisoner  hon^y  intended 
to  drawn  himaelf  ?" 

The  Foeeman»>>^.CTtainiy. 
•  Tha  prisoner  was  dien  taken 
/ran  the  bar ; .  the  point  beioff  roo 
served  for  tha  considenition  of  the 
Judges^  He  Boeeivad  subapquentlj 
a  fr^  pardon. 

'  18.  MoMTBSAiA^^The  steam- 
boal  Lady  Shadnooke  Arrived  on 
Friday  fieoa  Quabect  iha  pasien» 
^BCB  on  board  reported,  that  th^ 
had  been  followed  to  within  a  £s« 
miles  of  ^is  dty,  by  a  large  sea* 
Monaton  ■  aome  supposed  it  to  be 
the  famous  set^^sarpent,  while 
OtJien  bdieved  it  to  be  a  whale  or 
gmqapus.  HowBvcflT,  ell  agreedf 
Ihat  It  was  a  fish  xif  a  rcry  large 
kind,  stating  tha  length  to  be  from 
lihirty<«fivia  toeijB^ity.&et.  In  tha 
nvening  of  Friday,  tike  monster 
rose  alanflaide  the  steam  £ecry-boat, 
wlubh  ]^qs  from  the  Cross  (two 
miles  below  the  city)  to  Lot^g 
Guik,  and  appeared  to  be  naariy 
thal^glhoflneboat.  On  Satuiv^ 
day  morning,  two  enterpriabin 
captains.  Brush  and  Seymour,  wifia 
a  crew  of  ei^t  men,  went  down 
sn  the  long^XMit  bekmoing  to  the 
eteuBfr^boal.  About  three  miles 
below  Montreal,  th^  had  the 
satirfftction  to  see  the  fish  rise  and 
blew.  They  immediately  puHad 
fbr  bis  track,  and  soou  oame  along* 
side,  when  the  harpooner  fixed  the 
dart  into  him ;  and  a  scene  took 
place,  whidi  surprised  those  who 
had  coUeoled  on  share.  The  air« 
real  running  with  great  rapidity, 
it  isnal43anunon  to  see  a  boat  pro* 
pelled  up  the  stream  with-  any 
awtftnass;  but  the  fish  darted  with 
the  boat  ia  taw.  up  the  current,  at 
the  intc  of  4|^  Qr.twelf&  Miles  an 


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iKwr.  Pfldnpt  not  wiAing  to 
f^pnMch  too  near  the  dtf,  he  aooa 
twiked.  about,  and  stood  down  £or 
Long  Point,  and  zemained  towing 
the  boat,  until  near  twelve  o'dock, 
going  where  he  pleased,  ^md  dxaw* 
ing  the  boat  much  £uter  than 
those  in  her  were  accustomed  to 
tnTol  even  by  steam.  Finally, 
the  haipooQ  gave  way,  and  the 
]]Mmster,  for  tine  present,  made  his 
escape. 

li.  Whituotibm.-— The  sys- 
tem of  intimidation  by  postuig 
threatening  notices  has  been  amin 
acted  upon  in  various  parts  of  Ire* 
land.  The  following  was  posted 
on  Sunday  morning  last,  on  the 
chi^-gate  of  Arduuyntlu^  within 
a  few  miles  of  Mallow  :— 

"No  mercy  whatever  for  any 
person  buying  or  withholding  his 
tithes  this  year,  for  God  and  man 
have  conceived  to  punish  the  wick- 
edness of  the  times,  animated  with 
a  firm  hqpe,  that  I  will  for. the 
next  entirely  abolish  and  subvert 
this  present  and  pasnng  tyrannical 
^tem  of  oppression  under  which 
we  groan.  In  order  then^nre  that 
you  may  avert  the  impending 
seouige  which  inevitably  awaits 
the  non-4>bservers  of  my  Constitu- 
tbn,  I  do  hereby  Strictly  Caution 
you  and  all  of  you  toSurTaDder,give 
up,  and  Deliver,  unto  your  reqiec- 
tive  Rector,  your  tithes  for  this 
harvest,  under  pain  and  penalty  of 
pirrhasipg  to  yourself  the  yaxuak" 
ment  herem  prescribed,  which  will 
Cost  you  not  less  than  your  life, 
with  a  total  Consumation  of  your 
property  Including  your  Cattle.  | 
find  by  Experience  that  some  of 
you  may  flatter  and  deceive  your- 
6^  by  pxpecting  a  Bemuneradoa 
fiu^Ihe  loss  of  your  property  hut- 
das.  What  remuneratioB  can  you 
Ei^iect  when  you  shall  make  a 
short .juid  .perhaps  unprovided  exit 


fiwior  &•  Stagecf  lifaiortf-tiiis 
My  first  and  last  Notice  do  not 
make,  the  SatMMstaiy  iiiiuitsuiiiii, 
I  shall  unavoidahly  luive  Eeoonne 
to  the  above  measure  Whsoh  I  find 
So  highly  essential  for  the  StahiM^ 
of  the  public  cause. 

''As  I  had  bem  on  n^  Tonrte 
iosipeot  the  Sootham  Diatoicts  I'gol 
various  Complaints  of  tibat  InfisiBal 
Stephen  Wigmere  I  now  timely 
aaution  yon  and  Chmcb  to  iMffi 
your  Demonio  offices  or  I  ymL 
Settle  your  wig  the  wioiig  wmy^, 
any  person  in  Future  Servingpto* 
cess  or  ceasing  Distreasy  hf  Viftne 
of  a  Decree  diall  be  Shot  to  I>eatii 
or  bimied  alive  and  his  honae  and 
property  Destroyed. 

'<  Issued  fiBom  the  Conndl  Chflm- 
ber, 
*'  Rock  HalL     MikaaHAi.  Rook.'' 

15.  LoNOBvm.-^A  feaaio, 
whose  name  was  EkaacvJoli^  died 
in  Church-coinrt,  in  the  pariah  bi 
Saint  Giles,  at  the  veiy  aivaneed 
age  of  105  yens.  In  our  first  war 
in  America,  she  aeoompanied  her 
husband,  who  was  a  somier  of  ar^ 
tilkry,  to  the  lattor  eountiy,  whese 
A»  attended  wi^  the  army  in 
every  campaign  that  to^  jf^aiof  m 
princ^al  nurse  in  what  was  oaUed 
at  that  time  the  flying  hospital 
Her  intremdity  and  hnsaanily 
were  equally  proverbial  wtth^the 
anny;  among  ih»  aiddisri^ 
she  was  held  in  sodi  on  ^ 
liscticmate  regard,  that  she  was  €»- 
miliarly  kn^vn  amora  ^uam  hjf 
thesAuwof  "  Good  liMber  Job." 
At  the  iMttle  of  Quebe^  she  wu 
partieularly  aoaspicaoui  in  bar  ea- 
ertioBS  to  relieve  the  wounded^  ind 
was  the  person  selected  en  thal^oe* 
casicm  to  l^neoare  far  fi^bnlinnirtl 
theipemains^  t^  g^hUapt. Wolfe: 
She  it^^as,  who  c»  that  melawehsily- 
oocasinn .  performed  ^e  netoasary 
aUtttions  of  the  internal  poMl^ 


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lftebod^«  Her lnnihaAlMnrittg been 
kUkd  ID  bsttle,  ihe  returned  at  the 
doeaof  <te  war,  tohernatiTe  ooun- 
tiy,  wiUiovt  anjade^Mteprovimm 
Ibr  her  siroport,  sod  for  the  kst  50 
Tesn  has  Men  ft  pramr  in  the  pa* 
nth  of  St  Gike.  The  oveneers, 
•Bdoflfeenofthfttpaiiih  didereiy 
tking  in  tiicir  power  to  lender  the 
doee  of  such  ft  Hfe  ai  oomfertabk 
aaenoumtmoescoaMaibw.  She 
eootmiied  perfecdy  mtional  to  the 
kit  mamokt,  and,  ft  few  dtyg  be< 
ftiB  her  deftth,  wai  convernng  fa- 
waoDkrlj  about  the  building  (?  St 
GiWa  dmidi  in  the  year  IJSS,  dt 
wbiA  ihe  had  a  perfect  reooUee- 
iKm.  Her  featmea  were  remark- 
ablj  fine  and  pvominent,  of  the 
BoBBan  Older.  Her  daughter, 
aged  68,  a  grand-dauffhter,  aged 
40»  and  a  mat  graad-daughSer, 
aged  15,  paid  the  kat  tribute  of 
xtqiect  md  afifeetion  to  llie  remaina 
of  their  Tenerable  parent 

OlaBailbt.^— Thonns  Beeman 
aad  Jeim  Cahuac  were  indicted,  the 
iormer  far  ateating  en  Ute  l6di  of 
Jol 7  lOSprinted  hooka  ndue  9L  the 
paoperty  of  Benjamin  Benriey,  and 
^e  latter  for  leoeivinff  the  aa^l 
bedta,  knowing  them  to  oe  stolen. 

Mr.  Benjamm  Benaley  depoaed, 
that  he  was  a  printer  in  Bolt-court, 
Fket-itreet  He  employed  the 
piiaoner  Beeman  as  warriumse^ 
man.  About  the  latter  end  of 
JaAe,^^  witness  printed  an  octa- 
vo edition  of  LinArd's  History  of 
Bagla&d,  fbr  Mr.  Mawman.  Bee- 
man  colkCed  the  woik,  and  there- 
hn  had  aceeas  to  it  In  eonsa- 
fttenee  of  mfoRBataon  whh^  the 
witness  reeeived,  he  took  atodt  of 
tito  woik  about  Uie  end  of  August, 
aad  iboad  that  he  had  lost  frmn 
fifteen  to  twenty  copas,  eachccmy 
cmtaiiiiBg  eight  wdumes.  On  me 
5th  c^  August,  the  witness  acoom^ 
pnied  Mr.  F^dlowes  (Mr.  Maw« 


12S 


's  foreman)  to  Gahuiu^a^shop 
in  Bbckmaa-street  in  ike  B<mnigli« 
In  answer  to  some  questions  of  the 
witness,  Cahuac  said,  he  had  several 
of  the  octavo  copies  of  Lingar^a 
Hialory,atS^peroopyi  The  wit- 
ness then  left  the  shop  andjoiMd 
Mr.  Fellowes  who  had  been  wait- 
ing outside,  but  shortly  after  a«ifi 
eirteredit  in  company  with  Affar.  Fel- 
kwes.  Mr.  F^owes,  addressing 
Cahuac,  said,  he  heard  that  he  was 
ofoing  Lineaxd's  History  for  sale 
at  a  very  reduced  price,  which  ap- 
peared the  more  eatraordinaiy,  tfa 
he  (Cahuac)  was  present  at  'Mr. 
Mawmaa's  sale  about  a  month  be- 
fore, and  refused  to  purdiase  any 
copies  of  the  wdrk.  Cahuac  ap- 
peared cooftned,  and  said  that  M 
had  only  two  copies  to  sell:  Mr. 
Fellowea  repHed,  that  he  knew 
that  Cahuac  had  offered  a  respect-' 
aUe  bookseller  six  copies  oiUy' if 
day  or  two  before.  Cidiuac,  being 
pressed,  said  he  had  purchased  aix 
copies  at  SiL  lOr.  per  copy,  of  a 
man  who  had  brou|^  them  to  his 
riiop;  but  he  neimer  knew  the 
man's  name  nor  adi^ress.  Cahuac 
afterwards  said,  that  this  man  was 
a  messenger  at  the  King's  Bencb 
prison,  ai^  Umt  he  sold  the  bookson 
behalf  of  a  prisoner  there;  but 
men  being  asked  to  go  to  die 
lung^s  Beiwh,  and  point  out  the 
messenger,  he  observed  that  he  did 
not  know  the  man  was  a  messenger 
at  the  King^s  Bench,  but  only  that 
he  saidhe  vras. 

In  hia  cross-examination,  the 
wxtnasB  stated,  that  when  his  accom* 
panied  Mr.  Fellowes  to  Cahuac'a 
sh6p,  he  did  not  know,  that  any 
cbtoies  ci  Ungud'B  Histocy  weve 
imsstng  frdm  hia  virardioyiae.  Tne 
witneas  *  printed  ftom  belweou. 
1,015  to  1,025  copies  of  LingBtdfa 
HistoTf  for  Mr.  Mawman.  The 
lowest  -price  at  which  Mr.  Maw* 


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to  b»i  knoida^iB^  was  af.,  wkh  a 
^MtM'  of  4  p«r  cent  to  thtm  wIm 
taok  twenrf-fmir  copies.  The 
wiffloM  entploji  upwttrdg  of  one 
hundred  men,  w]u>all  had  aceen 
to  the  worL 

Mr.    Beiriamin    Fdkmes,    the 
foreman  of  Mr.  Mawman,  of  LoA^ 

Ste-8treety  deposed^  that  Mr. 
awman  was  the  proprietor  of 
Lingard's  History  ^  England. 
Some  time  during  kst  Spring,  Mn 
MawmMi  pabtishod  an  octavo  e^** 
tion  of  the  work,  and-preriousif  to 
its  bdng  produced^  he  had  what  is 
d^ed  »  "« ttade  dmner/'  at  whkh 
it  is  Qgoal  to  fix  the  price  of  for^ 
cmniM  works.  The  lowest  p«^ 
teed  Imt  the  sak  of  the  new  e^ 
tion  of  lingard's  Hiftoiy  was  SL 
per  copy,  with  a  bonus  of  4  per 
etfn^  to  those  iHio'took  ^  copies. 
Thisiwric©  was  to  be  sjiwn  for  iHm 
wotit  in  sheets.  The  next  tnut« 
vrtce  was  SL  8s.  to  those  whotookr 
less  than  25  copies.  The  retail 
prsDein  boards  was  fisod  at4l.  t^v. 
After  the  tmte  dinner,  405  ooptoi 
were  delivered  to  Mr.  Mawman  by 
Mr.  Bensley.  The  trade  dhmer 
todc  place  on  the  Sdrd  of  Aprily 
and  the  book  was  published  on  the 
93nl  of  Jane.  The  work  has  n^ 
▼er  dedined  in  price  ftom  iHm 
time.  Mr.  Cohiiae  was  present  at 
Ut,  Mawman's  ti«de  dinner^  aai 
wftaedtopondiasg  any  copies  of  tiie 
^ntk.  In  coase^fuciioe  of  inAtf* 
mation  which  the  witness  reerived 
fiotn  a  boafaeUer  nsoned  Dowdilie^ 
he  enniAcd  Mr.  Mawaan's  sleQfe> 
and  found  no  eopies  of  lAxmstdtn 
Histoty  wanting.  The  rra^oder 
ef  ike  witness's  tesiiniony  ww  t* 
eonobonrtion  of  what  Mr.  Bende^r 
l«dsttited  sespectiagthe  yiwud* 
inga  in  Caiuiac's  sl^  He  abe 
stated^  that  he  found  thie^  copici  of 
lingnd't  Histey  «t  the  stop  of 


Ife*    KeoRiaWf  a 
Jplee^Stoeet* 

Jelui  Cfanlen^  a  eonstriiley  d^ 
posed^tha^he  i^piebeBAsd  I 
on    the    14di   of   August, 


tlMt  he  had  any  fblv  but  when  the 
witsess  diisevOTed  ity  he  said  thai 
there  was  notbasg  in  it«  The 
witanss^  hewevuiy  turttad  tiie  wh 
out>  and  found  two  pa|nvs  m  it, 
which  Beeman  said  were  meoK^ 
raa^nts  tefenring  to  1 1 an— lines 
that  occurred  three  yeara  back. 
The  witaess  seai^ed  the  prvoiH 
cv's  lodgings  and  there  fooad  * 
piece  of  paper.  (The  witness  hem 
ptodueed  the  two  papers  which  hm 
had  found  in  die  prisoaer^s  M^ 
and  that  whkh  he  foand  at  hie 
ledginp.)  On  the  l6lh  of  An* 
gH8t>  &  witaesB  sBsached  Cahuaif e 
house^  bat  isond  lio  eopteedf  Urn* 
gard'e  History. 

John  Dowdingy  a  beohseBct  ia 
Newgato  etraeu  dspesed>  thatabeut 
thB28thef  July  GfAaaccattsdatlDa 
shopy  and  effeaed  sis  cepiaeaf  Lia» 
gflKl's  Hisloiy^  octave  edilhin>  at 
tLBs.fn  eapf.  The  witness  de* 
Ciiaed  pundmoBg  the  beehi^  and 
seat  to  iadcntn  Mr.  MawaDaH  of  dw 
cifoumsiance. 

James  Cooper^  a  buotaplilT  ia 
FlBher^»4aiey,  Water-laa^peofed, 
that  the  writing  oa  die  paper  foand 
ia  Beeman^  hdgiags^  was  his.  Oa 
the  18th  ef  July  the  witaesa 
hsui^of  Bfr.  Cahuac,  atbasshop^ 
sat  copies  of  LingardTs  History^ 
oelawi  edition,  at  A  lOt.  Only 
fiee  oepieS  were  daiivend  to  die 
witncn;  throe  of  tlKsO  he  ev 
wiaaged  wish  Mr.  Beashaw,  ea 
FleeUalreet)  fn  Coasyifs  i^igeat* 
The  oAer  two  copssa  he  sstit  ea 
Mr^  AflTy  a  hooUander,  ta  be 
bounds  lif  r.  A^  rdtumed  themy 
sawing  they  were  huperfec^  Tne 
■ aade  out  *  list  of  the 


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127 


illeets  whifck  were  wrating  (thM 
wu  the  paper  foond  m  Bmntit't 
kdgingB).  He  took  ^e  litt  ta 
CaauttPj  aad  Cahnec  nsivlie  wcfM 
ynmeure  the  dieets  to  make  ihm 
eepies  pevfe^  Some  time  aftoy 
boweTor^  Cahuac  called  at  thft 
wteien't  duip,  and  8^  he  wonld 
take  hack  the  uttperfect  oofdeaof 
Lingaid's  Hiatorj,  when  the  wit- 
neat  acoordiiigly  dieliTered  them  to 


George  Cooper,  the  farotfiet  of 
Ae  laat  witness,  pnwed^  that  ftra 
of  Lii^gafd's  History  were 
'  at  hii  faralher't  shop,  eae 
copy  by  Mr.  Cahuac,  and  ihe^foar 
QthieEB  hy  Cahnae's  son. 

■'■  '  An,  a  bookbinder^  da* 
posed,  that  he  reoeived  five  oopiea 
of  Lingsid's  History  to  put  into 
boarda.  Only  three  of  tte  oofaes 
were  perfect.  The  witness  mad* 
oat  a  list  of  the  in^pcrf eetkms  of 
the  remaining  copies,  whidi  be 
gaife  to  Mr.  Gsoper.  One  of  the 
papen  fomd  in  Beenan's  Uh  ww 
Aown  to  tbe  witness,  who  idow 
ttted  it  as  the  Ust  (^  imperfeotioBS 
which  be  had  drawn  up. 

Mr.  Benshaw,  ike  bookseUer,  in 
Fleet-^trett,  merriy  proved  tlwt 
he  received  three  copies  of  lin* 
gaid's  History  from  Mr.  Cooper. 

James  Qappcrtoa,  a  servant  in 
tke  enq>loyaaeat  of  Mr.  BensKey, 
dsfMised  that  abovl  the  latter  ead 
sf  July  heSMmdapqier  on  Be^ 
man's  desk.  A  paner  was  banded 
to  the  witness^  whicb  be  said  wee 
tke  paper  which  he  had  &und  en 
Beeman's  dcek.  He  bslseved  ^e 
wrifemg  on  the  paper  t^betimtof 
BeeasaB.  The  papn  waa  lyings 
openly  on  ike  dedk,  and  tba  wit- 
■sss  pkoed  it  on  a  M^  from  which 
Bsimanndgh^iflie  had  pleased, 
bssfa  nemovedit. 

The  written  paper  refemd  ta 
"mm  bne  read  By  the  elerb,  and 


purpoftei  to  be  a  Hst  of  imperftm 
tions  in  some  copies  of  linsaricTs 
History,  whkdi  had  been  sold  by 
Mr.  MawBSan  to  a  booksetto^ 
named  Anderson,  in  PiocadQly. 

Mr*  Anderson,  a  bookaaQer,  in 
PiooadiUy,  proved,  ^lat  be  bad  not 
in  July  bought  any  copies  of  Lin-- 
gawd's  History  of  Mr.  Mawman, 
and  that  he  bad  never  sent  a  tist 
of  impOTlections  in  that  work  to 
Mr.  Bensiey. 

Beeman,  in  his  defence,  said  thai 
it  was  impossible  that  he  oouM 
luwe  taken  any  property  from  Mr. 
Bensiey's  premises,  because  ha 
never  leA  them  eseept  incotopaary 
with  other  persons.  He  never  saw 
Citeac  until  he  vras  in  custody. 

Cahuac  read  a  written  defence, 
ia  which  be  solemnly  dedared  that 
be  bad  pnrbhased  the  books  in  ike 
way  of  tiade)  and  that  be  had 
never  known  Beenum  until  alitor 
he  was  apprehended,  and  he  also 
omiplained  of  tito  harsh  eonduet 
of  the  pfoseoutors. 

Sevml  ]«fl|>eeiable  witneatos 
gave  a  good  character  to  Beeman, 
and  an  unusual  number  (not  ksa 
than  90)  appeared  in  bdwtf  of 
Cahuac 

The  jury  retired  af  a  quarter 
past  one  o'dock,  and  preefeely  at 
two  o'clock  reclined  a  verdict  of 
Guil^,  but  recommended  *he  pn- 
iMUUft  to  m^rey  on  acoeunt  of  their 
ptevious  good  character. 

Cahuac  was aentaieed to  I4years 
ttunsportation;  Beeaum  to  seven 

yCNHPS. 

17'  At  SaadeHon,  in  Budcs,  aa 
Isaac  King  and  R.  Somerset  esqrs. 
were  relimkig  6em  a  shooting 
parly,  they  weva  auddenly  Mr* 
prised  at  Aieir  dogC  violent  bstlE*^ 
ing  round  a  mAa^  Mr.  King; 
advandng  to  ^Useover  what  was 
the  cattse^  beheM  to  bis  gie«t  dsto* 
nishmenl,  a  huge  Uask  bear  Buk* 


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intf  off  to  t^  oppoike  aiate  of  tiie 
md»  He  imnidduitely  fired  at  i^ 
but  the  thotf  inflteid  of  injonng 
Bmiin's  tough  hide^  only  §erved  to 
quid»n  his  pace.  Aner  a  kng 
diaae^  aad  firmg  two  or  three  use- 
Im  diotSy  the  gentlemen  were 
obliged  to  give  up  the  pursuit 

It  was  afterwards  diseovered, 
that  the  animal  had  made  its  es* 
ei^  from  a  travellinff  menagerie 
that  was  going  to  Hig^  Wyoombe 
fiur. 

18.  MmULBSlBX  SssstONs.  — « 
James  Wilson  was  tried  upon  an 
indictment,  charging  hkn  with 
htvii^  wpieatedly  endeavoured  to 
ravish  his  own .  dau^ter>  Sarah 
Wilson.  The  prisoner  appeared 
to  be  about  60  years  of  age. 

Saiah  Wilson^  the  proseotttriz^' 
deposed,  that  the  pvison^  was  her 
&ther;  her  mother  died  in  1819y 
leaving  her  and  her .  hiother  aad 
sister  to  h^  father's  care«  The 
sister  is  four  years  younger  than 
herself^  and  she  is  2a  They  re-^ 
sided  at  the  house  of  a  Mr.  Smkh. 
Her  fadier  acted  most  indecently 
towards  her,  and  solicited  her  re- 
peatedly to  allow  him  to  take  li- 
berties with  her.  There  was  but 
one  room  and  one  bed>  and  i^ 
aqd  her  sister  used  to  nuihe  up  fi 
bod  for  themselves  in  another  part 
of  the  room.  Her  father  used  to 
solicit  hex  like  a  lovmr;  and  when 
she  would  nc^  consent,  his  conduet 
was  most  cruel  On  the  17th  of 
December,  he  threw  her  on  the 
floor,  and  proceeded  to  the  worst 
udeoencies.  She  senitched  his 
fa^e  and  called  out,  aad  he  was 
afiaid  to  proceed  farther.  He 
he|^  she  would  not  mate  a 
noise  to  bring  the  people  upw 
A£tat  this  he  repeated  this  eooduot 
frd^uenay.  It  had  oeoaned  to. 
bar  frequently  to  leave  him,  but 
ihe  thou^t  of  the  injory  it  would 


do  to  hui  oonnezibn.  She  left 
him  18  moB^  ago,  but  he  wasted 
for  her  and  caught  her,  and 
brought  her  home ;  swearing  that 
his  arms  mi|^  drop  o£^  if  he  wouU 
ever  atten^  to  commit  a  like  i&« 
suk  again. 

Re&eca  Wilson,  her  sister,  coib* 
firmed  this  stateaient  in  many  of 
the  disgusting  partioulltfs. 

Jane  Smi&,  a  woman  in  whose 
house  the  prisoner  resided,  stated, 
that  <m  ^e  17th  of  December  ^ 
heard  a  noise  in  the  priscmer^f 
room,  and  thought  his  daughter 
was  in  fits.  She  soon  aftqwaids- 
heard  Sarah  scream,  and  say  to  her 
fa^er,  "  You  good-fw-nolhiog 
villain,  you  vnnt  to  be  ray  nan 
and  destruction,  but  you  shsdl  not, 
while  I  have  brealii  to  draw." 

Jdin  Kni|^  deposed;  that  ha 
saw  the  prosecutor  struqgi^ting  to 
aet  away  fimn  the  embraoesor  her 
fadier. 

Tlte  prisoner  in  his  deHeasr 
said,  the  wfa^  was  a  base  story-* 
that  his  daughter  Sarah  was  a 
base  creature— 4hat  he  worl^  di^ 
aad  niffht  for  her  and  her  sister, 
aadhadffiventhema  tenderedu- 
oation— -Uiat  Sarahhad  robbed  ban, 
and  had  been  turned  away  firon 
her  master's  (Mr.  Barrow's)  house 
for  being  a  thief  aad  a  w e- 

The  prisoner  oaBed  Mr.  Banow, 
but  that  gentleman  deposed,  tiiat 
Sarah  was  one  of  ^e  best  girls 
he  ev«r  saw ;  that  ^e  had  left  h» 
service  against  his  and  his  wife's 
will,  and  that  he  knew  her  firaai 
hcrddldhood. 

Verdict — Goilty*— Jndgaieat 
— 4mprisonmeatfbrtwelveaiontlii<' 

FnmmiN^—'*  I  aki  sacriAced*'' 

His  son,  a  boy  about  14  yens 
old,  said—'' You  are,  fiMlier;  bat 
nevermind,  you  shaif t  wanttkioogh 
I  starve." 

ATTBiiraD    iMPoamoN.— A 


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weacy  curious  Dfliniiihlet  hat  been 
IHiblkhed  in  Norwicliy  oontaiiiiiig 
the  cue  of  Maiy  Humphzi^:  the 
fbUowing  is  a  tvanicnpt  of  it's 

title  :b — 

'^  A  letter  to  ThoB.  Wm.  Cbk% 
M.  P.^  showing  the  distsen 
•miieij  which  have  .  been 
hroiight  upon  Jamea  Humphxey; 
Marj*  his  wile>  and  their  £ve  chil* 
dDenxb^r  the  unjust  treatment  they 
have-  experienced  from  Thomas 
William  Coke,  esq.,  and  lady:  Anne 
Coke,  of  Holkham^  in  the  ooun^ 
of  Norfolk;  by  whidi  James 
Humphrey  is  incarcerated  in  pri* 
mm,  and  his  wife  and  children  are 
hrouf^t  >to>  a.  state,  of  .ruin.  Bj 
Mary Humphiejf  Norwich;  print- 
ed I7  R.  Walker,  near  the  Duke's 
Palace,  and  may  be  had  of  all 
the  hookselkxs  in  the  county  of 
Noiftlk." 

From,  this  elabofmte  pceemble 
of  injury  and  sufferinff,  the  reader 
would  hardly  guess,  mat  the  com- 
plaxnt  aroK  out  rf  the  disi^ypomt- 
ment  of  a  nurse,  who  emcted  to 
have  had  the  care  ai  the  mfant  of 
a  lady  of  quality,  and  of  course  all 
the  perquisites  of  such  an  office. 
The  lady  changed  her  mind,  gave 
the  woman  20  guineas,  and  she  re- 
lied by  her  "  tale  of  ruin"-^the 
husband,  it  would  seem,  by  her  ac- 
count, being  thrown  into  prison 
for  ddbts  she  had  incurred  in  pre- 
paratioos  for  her  new  place. 

The  history  is  onqdy  this>-^ 
When  lady  Anne  was  as  **  ladies 
•wish,  to  be  who  love  their  lords," 
it  became  neeessary  that  she  should 
have-a  nurse-  to  a^end  her.  Mrs. 
Humphrey  «qd>ed  for  the  situa-^ 
tion,  and  referred  her  ladyship  to 
M<a*  Steele^  of  Stoke,  with  whom 
she  had  teikierly  lived,  for  a  cb»- 
reater;  tins  chaxaoter  lady  Anne, 
received,  and  was '«  perfectly  satis- 
fied.^   In  order  to  do  iastioe  to 

Vol.  LXV. 


Mrs.  Humphrey,  we  will  give  het 
aooonnt  of  the  consequent  inters 
view  with  her  ladyship  :— 

'*  Some  time  ttfterwards,  lady 
Anne  sent  for  me  to  go  to  Holk- 
ham,  and  I  went  accordingly ;  but 
on  my  arrival,  I  found  her  ladyship 
could  not  be  spoken  with,  and  I 
was  ordered  to  go  down  again  the 
followinff  morning,  which  order  I 
attended  to,  though  I  was  pre- 
vented being  there  so  early  as  was 
JBippointed,  by  necessary  attention 
tomy  infant:  on  seeing  Mrs.  Tur- 
ner, she  observed  that  lady  Anne 
had  inquired  for  me  several  times ; 
after  a  short  ^Mce,  I  was  oid^red 
up  stairs  to  lady  Anne's  apart* 
ments,  who  inmnred,  if  I  had 
weaned  my  diild ;  I  said,  I  had 
becun  to  wean  it.  She  ako  in* 
(|uned>  if  I  had  ever  been  at^sei^ 
vice;  I  said,  I  had  not.  After 
some  nnimnortant  observations^ 
lady  Anne  desired  I  would  hold 
mysdf  in  readiness,  by  the  10th  of 
December,  •  to  come  at  any  hour 
she  should  think  pioper  to  send  for 
me.  .  On .  retiring,  I  inquired  of 
Mrs.  Turner  what  dresses  I  should 
joocure  to  wear  during  the  time : 
she  sa^l,  silk  and  white;  ooca- 
sicmally  I  might  wear  a .  ooleund 
gown,  but  that  I  could  not  dress 
too  smart  for  lady  Anne." 

As  it  will  save  time  to  state  the 
casetwith  more  brevity  than  Mrs. 
Hun^phrev  chooses  tonseupon  the 
oocaiion,  it  may  be  only  necessary 
to  add,  that  after  a  consultation 
with  her  friends,  lady  Anne  re- 
solvednot  to  empky  Mrs.  Hnm- 
fdnev,  and  having  informed  her 
of  we  chaage  in.  her  intentiensy 
flive  her  three  xnae  jpoand  no|es» 
Mrs..  Hnmphrsy  havmg  oq^ressed 
her  iiscoBlcnt  atthis,  the  siewaid 
gave,  her  eighteen  sovi  i«iMisi  hi 
<i^Mnfi,  an£  as  we  sheula  have 
thmuht,   Mrs.   Humphrey  ou^t 

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fied  therewith :  instead  of  whk^ 
she  sends  the  following  account 
to  lady  Anne.  :— 

Mrs.  Humphrey's  Account. 

Wells,  Jaaumiy  14, 1823. 
"  My  lady; — I  beg  to  indose 
you  a  statement  of  what  I  con- 
sider myself  entitled  to,  in  conse- 
quence of  your  ladyship's  depriving 
me  of  my  engagement  as  nurse 
to  your  ladyships  child.  I  le* 
main  your  ladyship's  obedient  ser- 
vant Mabt  Humphbet. 
"  Lady  Anne  Coke,  HoUdiam." 

"  Mrs.  Humphrey  having 
bad  leveral  joumies  to  Holk^ 
bam,  at  the  request  of  lady 
Aime  Coloe,  and  wfutiiw  her 
orden^  condden  hessdB'  en- 
tiffed  to  •• ^. ...*..£$ 

**  Mrs.  Humphrey  having 
pieTided  herself  with  good 
«nd  extra  clothes,  neoem^ 
to  take  lady  Anne  Coke's 
place,  as  nurse  for  twelve 
months,  claims  for  such  ez« 
penses • «•     30 

'*  Mrs.  Humphrey  pead 
Mrs.  Dack,  for  weaning  her 
infimt,  to  take  lady  Anne's 
plaoe,  whidi  idie  vrould  not 
have  done  on  any  other  O0c»- 
sion,  and  for  oUier  ej^eom 
tm  that  account    •  •  •  • 1 

^'  Lady  Anne  Coke  havmg 
agreed  to  pay  Mrs.  Hunmhxey, 
as  wages  for  12  mon^  20 
guineas,  Mrs.  Humphrey 
claims  the  same   •••«•     21 

**  As  Mrs.  Humphrey  dur- 
ing iIm  12  months  was  to  have 
'  been  bearded  and  lodged,  md 
ahoto  have  been  washed  for  * 
during  jthe  12  months,  charges 
al  the  rate  of  1 1.  per  week  for 
thesame  ..^ ••••     i/st 

''  Mrs.  Humphrey  having 
made  an   oigagement   wMi 


lady  Jdxxm  Cek^  for  12 
maa&Mt  aiidezpecti6ginoon^ 
setjuence  to  proctne  similur 
situations  afterwards,  gave  up 
her  business  as  milliner  and 
dress^midcer,  and  ^parted  with 
her  q^prenlicev  for  the  Itita  \£ 
which  bosfaeas  Mrs.  Hum- 
phrey eonsiden  heradf  enti* 
tledto.^.».«.»^k 

^Mra.  Hmqphr^  having 
made  appHoetion  (ose  %  house- 
keeper to  take  charge  tSi  her 
fiunily  dmdag  berehga^^mcDt 
wi&  lady  Amie,  charges  6r 
postace  ^  letten  and  loss  of 
her  husband's  time  on  tiiat 
business   •••••••«•%•#•••* 

^'  ItbeingeuAoraBiy  wheii^i 
ever  ah  infant  is  bapiuM,  fcr 
the  spoiuKirs  and  visilen  to 
make  a  present  to  the  anrse^ 
Mrs.  Humphrey,  in  making 
her  flfngaaemeBft  with  lady 
Anne  fioke^  to(^  diis  dr* 
eumstance^  as  the  ptine^ 
4me,  into  eon^eratiaai,  as 
also  thatof  receiving  the  babjr- 
linen,  and  oilier  perqoikiteB 
usually  allowed  to  horses  ati- 
tending  on  a  person  of  lady 
Anne  Coke's  rank;  Mrs. 
Humphrqr  did  not  considwr 
the  wages  of  20  guineas  as 
of  any  iaipQEtance  eon^iared 
with  the  pev^uisites^  or  a 
much  h^ier  salary  would 
have  been  required;  conse* 
quently  she  feds  herself  pe1^- 
fectly  Justified  in  detaianding 
for  such  loss*  •  ••  .^  •«••*••  • 

*'  Mrs.  Humphrey  having, 
by  lady  Anne  Coke's  treat- 
ment of  her,  lost  the  chance 
of  securing  a  nurse's  situation 
in  future,  in  donsequeaee  of 
reports  beinj^  wprtaH  abroad 
to  her  pmudioe,  considers  her- 
self entitted^  a  Mr  remu- 
neration^    and     aocordingljr 


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cMtna^  for  Ioa  of  charao 
ter  and  such  dianoe  as 
above  stated •     90 

Total £.  29^ 

22.  COLOOWE MUBDBB. — An 

individual  accused  of  many  mur- 
ders has  been  arrested  at  Beul^  a 
village  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Rhine,  opposite  to  Bonn.  He  has 
already  confessed  three  assassina- 
tioDS.  The  following  is  an  ac- 
count of  the  means,  by  which 
these  atrocious  crimes  were  dis- 
covered : — ^An  inhabitant  of  Beul, 
named  Moll,  a  shoemaker,  and 
Henry  Ochs,  of  Colore,  a  tailor, 
had  served  together  in  the  same 
cotnpany  of  the  28th  regiment, 
and  were  united  in  the  closest 
bonds  of  friendship :  they  returned 
to  thdr  homes  after  some  years 
of  serviee,  and  resumed  their  for- 
mer occupations.  Mdl  came  fre- 
quently to  visit  his  friend  Ochs, 
wlia  was  married  at  Cologne.  The 
yoe^  married  folk  always  received 
aluL  treated  him  with  much  afi&c- 
tion.  The  iudietal  authority  took 
oogniiance  last  year  of  the  double 
£«t|^pearanoe  of  Moll's  step-mo- 
thcsr,  28  years  old,  and  of  his 
younger  brother:  seardi  was  made 
afWr  the  persons,  but  in  vain. 
M(^,  having  become  the  ol^eot  of 
suspicion,  was  arrested;  but  for 
want  of  sufficient  proofs  was  dis- 
charged from  arrest  after  a  deten- 
tion of  some  months,  and  resumed 
hk  connexion  with  Ochs  as  before. 
The  latter  wishing  to  make  pur- 
chases at  the  fair  of  Put^en,  not 
fkr  fiom  Beul,  hdd  on  the  Bih  of 
September,  set  out  on  the  7th, 
^having  prooui^  sixty  Pmssian 
cfowns,  informing  his  wife,  that  he 
would  take  lodgbigs  at  the  house 
of  his  friend  M^.  Afto*  she  had 
wv^tad  the  return  of  her  husband 


for  eight  days,  she  began  to  feel 
considerable  anxiety,  and  sent  a 
c(mfidential  person  to  make  inqui- 
ries for  him.  This  messenger  ar- 
rived at  Beul  on  the  18th,  and  saw 
'h/kXL  wearing  the  dothes  and  using 
^  pipe  of  his  friend  Ochs ;  struck 
with  these  signs  he  returned  to 
Bonn,  and  communicated  them  to 
the  officers  of  justice.  The  judge 
instructor  instantly  despatched  Ibe 
civil  power,  and  having  surround- 
ed Moll's  residence,  proceeded  to 
make  a  domiciliary  visit.  They 
presently  discovered  some  loose 
plmiks  on  the  floor  of  the  work- 
diop;  on  raising  which,  they 
perceived  the  extremities  of  muti-> 
lated  bones  sticking  out  from  a 
hole  filled  with  earth,  like  those  in 
which  peasants  usually  preserve 
thdr  potatoes.  They  dug  out 
three  bodies  in  succession:  the 
first  of  whidi  was  reoognixed  as 
that  of  the  unfortunate  Ochs. 
While  the  officers  were  busied  in 
the  work  of  exhumation,  Moll  es- 
caped through  the  window ;  and 
the  poHce  were  not  able  to  retake 
him  until  about  nine  o'clock  at 
ni^tj  when  he  was  discovered  vx 
the  middle  of  a  field,  in  which  he 
had  laid  down  through  excessive 
fotigue.  He  was  brought  back  to 
the  judge's  office,  where  he  found 
before  him  the  three  bodies  ex- 
posed to  view  ;  at  first  he  wished 
to  deny  every  thing,  but  the  inter- 
rogations of  the  judge  pressed  him 
so  closely,  that  he  became  ccmfiised 
and  inconsistent  in  his  answers. 
At  last,  he  fconfessed,  wkh  floods 
of  tears,  that  15  months  ago  he 
asntssinated  his  step-mother.  Pfe 
afterwards  avowed,  that  he  assas- 
sinated his  own  brother,  because 
he  possessed  the  power  of  revealing 
their  former  deeds ;  he  moreover 
confisssed  the  murder  of  his  friend 
Ochs,  which  he  committed  on  th» 
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[isflsa 


night  of  the 'Till  of  this  month. 
An  inquiry  into  many  other  mur- 
ders is  on  foot,  whidi  also  are  at- 
tributed to  this  monster,  and  on 
which  he  still  continues  to  imdei^ 
examinations.  M.  Schiller,  son  to 
the  celebrated  poet,  was  employed 
in  conducting  the  investigation  of 
this  affair. 

24.  The  inhabitants  of  Beul, 
fired  with  detestation  of  the  mur- 
derer, Moll,  assembled  last  Satiur- 
day,  and  destroyed  his  house,  which 
was  situated  in  an  isolated  spot  at 
theextremity  of  the  village.  Afler 
they  had  demolished  it  nrom  roof 
to  foundation,  they  collected  the 
eombustibk  materials,  set  them  on 
fire,  and  scattered  the  ashes  to  the 
winds. 

26.  Thb  Disouisbd  Convict. 
—A  gane  of  convicts  was  brought 
to  Roch^nt,  and  among  the  num- 
ber was  one  described  as  a  found- 
ling, named  Joseph,  aged  23  yean, 
who  had  been  sentenced  by  the 
Assise  court  of  the  department  of 
Lot,  to  hard  labour  for  life,  for  the 
erime  of  aiding  in  a  highway  rob- 
bery, and  was  in  consequence 
branded  with  the  mark  T.  P.  (Tra- 
vaux  Perpetuels.)  It  b  customaiy, 
before  pkdnff  the  convict's  dress 
npon  the  condemned  criminals,  to 
make  them  strip,  to  ascertain  whe- 
ther they  are  subject  to  any  cuta- 
neous disorder.  This  convict  was, 
like  the  re^,  ordered  to  undress ; 
but  Joseph  exhibited  great  reluc- 
tance to  comply  with  the  order, 
and  at  len^h,  finding  resistance 
useless,  claimed  the  privileges  ci 
the  fair  sex.  The  convict  proved 
in  fact  to  be  a  woman,  who  re- 
signed the  name  of  Joseph  for  that 
oi  Maria.  On  this  discovery  she 
was  placed  at  the  disposal  oif  the 
procureur  of  Ae  king.  This  wo- 
man states,  that  she  was  brought 
up  at  the  hospital  of  Figeac,  upon 


leaving  which  die  adopted  the 
male  dsess  and  worked  as  a  jour- 
neyman tailor.  In  this  character/ 
she  was  compromised  in  the  high^ 
way  robbery  for  which  she  was 
condemned,  but  in  which  she  de- 
clared she  was  not  an  accompHce. 
She  remained  13  months  in  prisoiH' 
with  many  other  prisoners,  and 
during  that  time  her  sex  wasnevt^ 
discovered. 


OCTOBER. 

3.   ExTRAORDINilRY  DbATH.-^ 

An  inquisition  was  held  before  Uie 
d^uty  coroner  for  Westminster, 
at  the  Barley-mow,  Mount-street, 
Gxosvenor-square,  on  the  body  of 
a  groom,  named  George  Harding, 
35  years  of  age. 

The  jury  being  sworn,  and 
having  viewed  the  body,  received 
the  foUowing  evidence : — 

Mr.  Wm.  Eames  deposed,  that 
the  deceased  was  in  the  employ  of 
Mr.  Dyson,  horse-dealer,  whoie 
stables  are  in  Park-lane.  Oa 
Tuesday  afternoon,  vdtness  was 
standing  at  the  door  of  one  of  the 
stables,  when  the  deceased  stood 
behind  a  hcnrse  that  another  groom 
was  leading,  and  witness  heard 
him  suddemy  groan,  and  at  the 
same  time  he  fdl  to  the  ground. 
Mr.  Fuller,  a  surgeon  in  Pi^adilly, 
was  immediately  sent  for,  but 
before  he  arrived,  the  vital  apark 
had  fied.  Witness  cannot,  on  oath, 
say  the  horse  kicked  him,  as  he 
did  not  see  it ;  it  W9a  thought,  he 
did  kick  him. 

Richard  Wilson  deposed,  that  Uie 
deceased  was  in  the  employ  of  Mr. 
Dyson,  and  before  the  oocuirenoe 
seemed  very  well  and  sober. 
Witness  was  leading  a  horse  out 
of  the  stable,  when  he  was  called 
by  the  hat  witness  to  thedeceasedy 


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CHRONICLE. 


138 


-whom  he  heard  ay  out,  "  Oh ! 
oh  Lord !"  Witness  is  not  aware 
that  the  horse  kicked  him ;  he  felt 
no  strain  of  the  bridle,  and  the 
horse  was  perfectly  quiet.     The 

r^  where  the  horse  stood  was 
k,  and,  had  it  kicked  him,  wit- 
iiess  could  not  have  seen  it. 

Mr.  H.  P.  Fuller,  surgeon,  of 
Piccadilly,  deposed,  he  was  cdled 
to  the  deceased,  and  found  him 
quite  dead.  He  examined  the  body, 
but  could  perceive  no  mark  of 
violence;  he  had  a  scar  on  his 
right  breast,  the  cause  of  which  it 
is  impossible  for  him  to  say ;  he 
has  not  the  slightest  reason  to  be- 
lieve that  he  died  a  natiu^  death, 
as  he  was  a  minute  before  in  per- 
fect good  health,  and  the  veins  in 
his  arm  were  full  of  blood ;  upon 
witness  lifHng  it  up,  the  blood 
-flowed  backward  and  forward, 
showing  that  the  circulation  of  the 
heart  had  been  suddenly  stopped. 
•Had  he  received  a  kick  in  the  upper 
part  of  the  abdomen  by  the  broad 
surface  of  a  horse's  hoof,  it  might 
not  have  caused  any  discoloration, 
yet  it  would  have  occasioned  death. 
There  are  but  one  or  two  cases  on 
record,  similar  to  the  present  sub- 
iect  of  inquiry,  in  which  physio- 
logists say,  that  a  slight  bkw  on 
the  abdomen  would  occasion  death ; 
to  use  a  common  phrase,  **  by 
knocking  the  wind  out,"  thereby 
putting  an  immediate  stoppage  to 
the  circulation  of  the  heart ;  and 
witness's  opinion  most  certainly 
would  be  to  attribute  his  death  to 
that  cause. 

Mr.  John  Howship,  surgeon, 
of  34  Creorge-street,  Hanover- 
square,  deposed,  that  he  had  exa-  . 
mined  the  body  of  the  deceased,  at 
the  request  of  the  jurors,  and  found 
his  death  was  caused  by  a  blow  re- 
ceived on  the  left  side  and  front  of 
-he  chest,  by  f^hidi  one  of  his  ribs 


was  broken,  and  the  heart  Lice- 
rated;  the  function  of  the  heart 
must  have  ceased  from  the  moment 
the  blow  was  received  ;  the  heart 
was  full  of  coagulated  blood ;  the 
third  rib  was  broken,  and  had  pene- 
trated directly  through  the  heart. 

The  jury  returned  a  verdict  of 
*'  acddentsd  death,  from  the  kick 
of  a  horse,"  deodand  1  *. 

5.  Somnambulism. — A  remark- 
able instance  of  this  afiection  of  the 
nerves  occurred  to  George  Davis, 
sixteen  years  and  a  half  old,  in  the 
service  of  Mr.  Hewson,  butcher. 
Bridge-road,  Lambeth.  The  state- 
ment is  by  Mr.  Ridge,  surgeon, 
who  examined  him. 

At  20  minutes  after  9  o'clock, 
the  lad  bent  forward  in  his  chair, 
and  rested  his  forehead  on  his 
hands,  and  in  ten  minutes  started 
up,  went  for  his  whip,  put  on 
one  spur,  and  repaired  to  the 
stable.  Not  finding  his  saddle  in 
the  proper  place,  he  returned  to 
the  house  and  asked  for  it ;  beinc; 
questioned  what  he  wanted  with 
it,  he  replied,  to  go  his  rounds. 
He  returned  to  the  stable,  mounted 
his  horse  without  the  saddle,  and 
was  proceeding  to  leave  the  stable. 
It  was  with  much  difficulty  and 
force,  that  Mr.  Hewson,  iun.  as- 
sisted by  the  other  lad,  could 
remove  him  from  the  horse;  his 
strength  was  great,  and  it  was 
with  difficult  he  was  brought  in 
doors.  Mr.  Hewson,  sen.  coming 
home  at  the  time,  sent  for  me.  I 
stood  by  the  lad  a  quarter  of  an 
hour,  during  which  time  he  con- 
sidered himself  stopped  at  the 
turnpike-gate,  and  took  sixpence 
from  his  pocket  to  be  changed, 
holding  out  his  hand  for  it;  the 
sixpence  waft  returned  to  him ;  he 
immediately  observed,  none  of  your 
nonsense,  that  is  the  sixpence 
again,  give  me  my  change ;  when 


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ANNUAL  REGISTER.         i\8»s. 


tbreep^ice  halfpenny  was  given  to 
Ixim,  he  immediately  eounted  it 
over,  and  ohserved,  none  of  your 
gammon,  that  is  not  right,  I  want 
a  penny  more  (making  the  four- 
peaoe-halfpenny,  which  was  his 
proper  change);  then  observing 
give  me  my  caster,  meaning  his 
hat,  which  alang  terms  he  had  been 
in  the  habit  of  using,  he  again 
began  the  motion  a£  whippii^  and 
spurring  as  if  to  get  his  horse  on. 
His  piibe  at  this  time  was  136, 
full  and  hard,  no  change  of  coun* 
tenance  could  be  observed,  or  any 
spasmodic  afiection  of  the  muscles 
(the  eyes  remaining  closed  the 
whole  of  the  time).  His  coat  was 
taken  off  the  arm,  his  shirt  sleeve 
stripped  up,  and  I  bled  him  to  32 
ounces.  No  alteration  had  taken 
place  in  him  during  the  first  part 
of  the  time  the  hlood  was  flowing ; 
at  about  24  ounces  the  pulse  began 
to  decrease,  and  when  the  full 
quantity  named  above  had  been 
taken,  they  were  at  80,  a 
slight  perspiration  on  the  forehead. 
During  the  time  of  bleeding  Mr. 
Hewson,  jun.  related  a  curcum- 
stance  of  a  Mr.  Harris,  optician, 
in  Holbom,  whose  son  some  years 
back  walked  out  on  the  parapet  a£ 
the  house,  in  his  sleep :  this  boy 
joined  in  the  conversation,  and  ob« 
served,  he  lived  at  the  eomer  of 
Brownlow-street.  After  the  arm 
was  tied  up,  h&  unlaced  one  boot, 
and  said,  he  would  go  to  bed ;  in 
ten  minutes  from  this  time  he 
awoke,  got  up,  and  asked  what 
was  the  matter  (having  then  been 
one  hour  in  the  trance).  A  strong 
opening  medicine  was  then  admi* 
nistered,  he  went  to  bed,  slept 
well,  and  the  next  day  appeared 
perfectly  well,  excepting  debility 
from  the  loss  of  blood,  and  ope- 
ration of  the  medicine,  &c  None 
of  his  family  or  himself  were  ever 
aflfectcd  in  this  way  before 


During  the  trance,  when  he  was 
stripped,  he  asked  for  his  jacket, 
his  coat  was  given  to  him,  he  ob- 
served this  is  not  my  jacket,  it  is 
my  best  coat,  but  never  miod,  I 
am  behind  my  time.    When  he 
had  put  it  on,  he  began  themotiont 
of  whipping  and  spurring ;  he  was 
held  in  the  chair  by  farce,  and  h» 
observatiaas  were,    ^  get  out   of 
the  way,  and  let  go  my  horse ;  ah ! 
damn  you,  wont  you,  I  will  aooa 
make  you  let  him  go.     Go  alon^ 
Jack,"  and  whipp^  and  spurred 
in  order  to  make  his  horse  restive 
and  to  kick,  in  order  to  get  away ; 
observing  again,  "  let  go  my  hone's 
tail,    or  I  will  soon  make  yoH." 
He  was  then  brought  out  of  the 
parlour  into  the  front  sho^  and 
was  asked  what  orders  he  hacl ;  he 
then  went  through  the  r^ularHst 
of  all  the  customers  living  at  Biix« 
ton,  &c.  whom  he  had  been  in  the 
haUt  of  calHng  on,   and  namejl 
three  pound  of  beef-steaks  for  one, 
the  chump  end  of  loin  of  veal  for 
another,  leg  of  lamb  for  another, 
quarter  of  lamb  fen:  another,  &€. 
aa  regularly  as  if  he  had  been  sent 
out  in  a  morning ;   he  was  then 
told  to  dean  the  shop,  he  strapped 
off  his  coat,   and  turned  up  his 
sleeves    to    begin    waslun^    the 
benches,  and  was  obliged  to  be  held 
to  prevent  his  doing  it.     After  two 
or   three    minutes,    he  observed, 
"  there  is  no  pig's  victuals  mixed 
up,  let  me  go,  when  master  oomet 
hbme  he  wiUbe  angry  at  that."     I 
then  observed  to  Mr.  Hewson,  if 
I  had  the  boy  on   board  ship,  1 
would  tie  him  up,  and  flog  him. 
It   was  agreed,    that   experiment 
should  be  tried ;  he  was  held  by 
the  arms  in  front,  and  Mr.  Hewson, 

C.  (a  stout  young  man^  took  a 
d-whip,  which  he  applied  wil^ 
all  his  force  across  the  sboalden^ 
but  which  did  not  i^ppear  to  make 


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135 


uMioiigh  a 

tapplied.    Ixuiiediateiy 

r  tliia,  the  optnition  olhkwtting 

ynmhadncoBgmto,  «ndthe  oon- 

^noatipa  oocuired  M  lelated  be&ve, 

dsnag  the  time  the  blpodrwas  flow- 

IBS.     Aftv  the  am  wu  tied  up, 

Bfr.  Hewsoa,  juB-toldhia  total^ 

aome  hAu  to  a  customer;  he  an- 

awtiod  ne  had  takem  them  in  the 

momiiig.    He  waa  then  told  hy 

Mr.  Hewaon,  sen.  to  take  aome 

move;   that  is  of  no  uae,  he  an«' 

aipered^  I  shall  have  to  bring  them 

badi   apin :    in   thxee   or   four 

nnnmtea  fixpa  thia  he  awdce,  ai^ 

gettnw  op,  wondend  a;t  the  soena 

amynd  hi»i>  but  oouU  not  teU  anj 

thiBgof  whAthadoocumd,  or  be 

made  senaiUa  of  having  done  anj 

tkis^;  but  reeoUeeted  havingfetch- 

«d  ua  water,  and  of  having  moved 

firaaa  one  duix  to  the  other,  in  the 

bitohnu,  being  the  last  two  actn 

nravious  to  sinkinginto  the  trance* 

Hii  erf^  weet  several  times  open« 

ed  by  fosoe,  and  the  pnrails  recu- 

ladLj  oonttacted  and  dilated,  out 

bfi  ifaa  not  sensible  to  vision.    It 

was  ascertained  firam  his  mother, 

€81  the  Toesdaj-  Mlowinff ,  that, 

twelve  months  previously,  ne  had 

basB  altaoked  with  fevav,  which 

lad  affected  his  brain,    and  for 

whifii  he  had  been  sent  to  the 

Fcnree-house     at     Battletbridge, 

when  his  head  was  shaved  aod 


Bbxjamin  RiBea,  &irge(m,  &c 
Vo.  %f  Bri^lgMToad,  I^iql)^ 

Ibmmomumu.  -^  An  event 
hof^bly  intensdng  to  humanity, 
says  the  Journal  des  IMMts>  is 
nofv  taUag  place  at  the  Hotel 
Dica,  at  Paria.  On  Monday 
pvwing,  a  baker  waa  brought  to 
that  hospital,  who  in  the  course  of 
the  day  had  suffered  some  fits.  .t>n 
Tneaday  monung  M.  Caillard,  the 
rcsidsnt  phyauaan  of  the  hospital^ 


immediately  racog^aed  the  ex-^ 
istenoe  of  hydrophobsa,  and  some 
hours  afterwards  the  malady  aniv« 
ed  at  its  most  violent  stage.  The 
vrildest  fbry,  the  desire  of  ^ting, 
dreadful  outcries,  and  a  horror  for 
every  species  of  liquid,  were  at 
their  height.  M.  Caillard>  know- 
ing that  Dr.  Magendie  was  en- 
gaged in  researches  on  hydropho- 
bia, requested  him  to  take  charge 
of  the  unhappy  patient.  With- 
out losing  a  moment.  Dr.  Magen- 
die, acting  on  his  former  experi- 
ments, assisted  t>y  the  students, 
injected  about  a  pint  of  warm 
water  into  the  vein  of  the  patient's 
arm.  This  operation,  rendered 
difficult  hy  the  frightful  convuU 
^ons  of  itie  patient,  at  &rst  had 
the  lumpiest  results.  Half  an 
hour  after  the  injection,  he  re* 
covered  his  reason;  the  convul- 
sions and  the  desiie  e^  Utiag 
ceased.  He  could  drink^in  short, 
all  the  symptoma  of  hydrophobia 
dinppeored.  Four  days  after  the 
opeiatioa,  every  thinp  seemed  to 
presage  the  escape  of  the  patient 
finom  this  horrible  calaintty.  Ul- 
timately, however,  he  died. 


COMMSBCB    WITH    aPANISH 
AMSniGA. 

Foreiga-OflKce,  Oct.  17, 1823. 

Kr,~I  am  directed  by  Mr. 
I^aeretary  Canning  to  acquaint 
you,  in  M&rence  to  your  vpjpH^ 
cation  for  protectian  to  the  tnde 
of  His  Majesty's  suUects  ^th 
the  provinces  of  Spanish  America, 
that  His  Majes^s  Government 
have  determined  to  send  out  forth- 
with, Omsular  Aoents  to  l3ie 
several  ports  and  i^uees  in  those 
provinces,  in  which,  as  they  have 
learned  from  the  best  inquiry, 
British  interestsiure  at  present  most 


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130  ANNUAL    REGISTBR.         iitts. 

onduaUfta  lower  hcndfy  and  he 
had  already  &lt  the  pressure  whiek 
iqppeand  the  fiareruimer  of  oertaa 
destruction^  when,  nyist  unaoount^ 
Mj,  the  animal  suddenly  rose 
and  retEBBted,  leaving  him  without 
other  injury  than  a  severe  liruise 
on  (me  Inee^  which  he  piobaUy. 
receiyed  when  she  first  tnoAed 
him  down  in  pursuing  Mr.  Hay  ."-^ 
Bombw  Gaxdte,  Mmf  14,  1823. 

22.  LiTBBFOOL^— This  mam« 
ingy'at  five  o'oLocky  a  fire  was  dis- 
covered in  the  wardiouses  of 
Messrs.  Booth,  in  Wapping. .  The 
engines  arrived  on  the  spot  as  aoon 
as  posBihle;  but  all  ezertbns  to 
extinguish  the  flames  were  m^ 
anraiUng,  and  in  two  hoiHS  tiiree 
WBiehouses  were  a  heap  of  mins. 
These  buildings  weie  the  loftiest 
im  Liverpool,  being  not  less  than  IS 
stories  hig^  They  contained  near- 
ly 240,000  bushels  of  com,  pnnci- 
pdly  foreign,  under  the  kintf's 
lock,  valued  at  about  60,00o£; 
besides  a  great  quantity  of  cotton, 
and  other  goods.  The  total  loss, 
in  buildings  and  commodities,  is 
estimated  at  150,000^ 

PoTAis  SBTTiiBB8.-*The  fol- 
lowing narrative,  by  one  tji  the 
deludol  emigrants,  illustrates  the 
history  of  me  pretended  Poyab 
Settlement:— 

^*  I  embarked  in  the  shqp  Hon- 
duras Packet,  together  with  about 
fiffy  more  imfortunate  creatures, 
dooined  to  misery  and  diBtress,  and 
led  away  with  the  erroneous  idea, 
that  we  were  goinff  to  Uie  finest 
climate  and  most  rerdle  place  in 
the  world. 

''On  the  SOth  of  January  hst 
we  arrived  at  Black  River,  and 
came  to  anchor  off  the  Bar,  fired 
a  gun,  and  hoisted  our  coIomns,*in 
expectation  of  a  boat  coming  to 
us:  some  hours  after,  we  saw 
one  approach  us,  in  which  were 


extensively  concerned.  .1 
a  list  of  these  ports  and  places." 
.  I  am,  1&,  your  most  obedient 
humble  servant*  JoevpH  Pi«amta. 
John  Lowe,  Esq.,  &c  &c 

Mexico Consul-general 

Tera  Crux    •  •  • « .  Consul 
Acapuloo    ••••••  Ditto 

Santafede  Bogota  Consul-general 

LaOuayra Consul 

Maracaybo •  Ditto 

Carthagena    ••••  Ditto 

Panama  •  •  • Ditto 

Buenos  Ayre9  •  •  •  •  Consul-general 

Ditto •  •  Vice-consul 

Monte  Video  ^  •  ^  •  Consul 

Chile  (Valparaiso)  Consul-general 

Ditto  •  •  •  •  • Vice-consul 

•Ditto Ditto 

Peru  (Lima)  •  •  •  •  Consul-general 

Ditto Vice-consul 

Ditto Ditto 

Nabrow  Escapb  fbom  am 
Elbphant.--.''  On  a  recent  ele- 
phant-shooting party  at  Ceylon, 
Captain  Gambier  and  Mr.  Hay,  of 
the  RojFal  Engineers,  had  sepa- 
rated from  their  companions,  and 
were  following  a  large  female 
elephant:  whoi  pretty  dose  to. 
her,  she  suddenly  and  unexpect- 
edly turned  upon  them;  escape 
appearing  impossible,  they  both 
fired,  but  with  little  effect;  the 
animal  immediately  charged, 
knocked  captain  Gambier  down, 
and  purpued  Mr.  Hay,  who  fell; 
captain  GaraiUer  having  recovered, 
and  observing  the  imminent  -dan- 
ger of  Mr.  Hay,  sallaatly  ran 
with  another  gun  to  his  assistance. 
The  elephant,  on  perceiving  cim- 
tain  Gambier^s  n^iproach,  turned 
round,  seijied  him  with  her  trunk, 
and  raised  him  from  the  ground 
with  as  much  ease  as  if  he  had 
been  e  straw;  she  then  knelt  down, 
and  laid  him  on  his  back,  still  re- 
taimngher  |iold;  she  now  bepm 


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three  white  people^  wlkk  led  ii8 
to  euppoee,  that  there  must  be  a 
•etdflmeoty  and  that  all  we  had 
heard  must  be  true;  bat,  alasl 
ithe  dianalacooanty  which  they  gave 
of  the  country^  created  a  susgkatm, 
^pvhich  was  soon  confirmed.  They 
expected  Sir  Gxegor  McGregor 
would  hare  sent  settlers  out  two 
years  previousljr,  aceording  to  his 
promise  to  the  king  of  the  Mosquito 
nation.  Not  succeeding  in  landing 
«t  diis  timey  in  consequenceof  agale 
of  wind  coming  onfrom  the  north, 
we  parted  nom  our  cable,  and 
were  very  near  ashore.  Nest  day, 
we  bore  away  far  the  island  of 
Bonaoca,  at  which  place  we  le- 
wminw!  a  few  days,  and  then  pn>- 
oeeded  on  to  die  Black  River, 
where  we  arrived  on  the  11th  of 
February,  md,  the  weather  being 
fine,  we  commenced  landing.  In 
the  first  boat  were  lieutenant 
oohmel  Hall,  Dr.  Doudas,  Mr. 
Westoott,  Mr.  Gouger,  Mr.  Craw« 
fixrd,  and  myself.  It  beii^  deemed 
eipedient  first  to  reconnoitre  the 
place,  we  proceeded  up  the  creek 
a  oonsidenble  distance,  what  a 
house,  or  rather  a  hut,  appeared  to 
eur  view,  the  property  of  aae  of 
the  people  in  eur  boat.  On  each 
nde  of  the  cveek  wjpse  impene- 
tahib  bushes^  and mardiy  ffreund; 
of  course  we  were  anxious  to 
know  what  sort  of  soil  in  genenl 
th^  had,  vrben,  lo  I  they  said  it 
was  mostfy  all  swampy.  By  tUs 
time,  two  boato  had  landed  fall  of 
mcp :  some  were  inauiring  about 
the  town,  others  had  their  fears, 
that  Sir  Gx^^or  M'Gregor  had 
done  this  on  a  plan  to  raise  money. 
We  inquired  for  the  town  of  St. 
Josef's,  but  the  man  said  it  was 
now  too  dark  to  be  able  to  find 
out  where  the  old  town  of  St. 
Joseph's^^^niMriCy  stood,  it  bdng  so 
thickly  overgrown   with    bushes. 


Next  morning  I  went  with  some 
of  the  men,  at  the  request  of  lieut. 
edbnel  Hall,  in  order  that  we 
might  dear  a  sufficiency  of  ground 
to  pitch  tents  to  cover  us  firom  the 
wither,  and  it  was  three  days 
before  we  could  accomplish  this. 
While  some  were  employed  in 
getdi^  the  carffo  aslun:e,  others 
were  getting  me  tents  up,  in 
order  to  make  the  best  shift  possi- 
ble far  some  time ;  but  very  little 
of  our  cargo  did  we  receive ;  a  gale 
of  wind  similar  to  that  of  the 
30th  of  January  came  on,  on  thq 
jl6th  oi  February,  so  that  captain 
Hedgcock  sailed  for  Ci^  Gradas 
a  Dies,  a  harbour  about  200  miles 
fimn  BladiL  River,  taking  with  him 
the  remainder  of  the  stores,  which 
were  of  the  greatest  importance 
to  the  settlers.  We  daily  looked 
for  his  return  back  to  ddiver  the 
remainder  of  his  cargo,  but  a 
month  ehqpsed  before  we  heard  of 
him.  In  the  [mean  time,  a  me»« 
soiger  had  been  sent  firom  the 
king  of  the  Mosquito  nation  to 
lieut.  oolond  Hall,  with  a  lett^, 
stating  '  we  must  come  under 
allegiance  to  him  or  quit  his  terri- 
tory, and  Sir  Gnmr  M'Gr^;or^8 
grant  was  null  and  void,  as  such 
a  flrant  was  not,  or  would  not,  be 
viSued  by  him.'  Sickness  had 
ekeady  made  way  amongst  us ;  in 
fact,  living  under  a  vertical  sun 
in  tents,  eatinc  salt  provisions, 
and  <ir»«kiyig  bad  water,  were  dr-* 
eumstancesBkdy  soon  to  brin^  on 
£irtal  disorders.  About  this  time, 
coknd  Hall  thou^t  he  would  go 
and  visit  the  king,  and  see  wlmt 
could  be  dooe  to  relieve  the  dis* 
tress  whidi  was  fsst  aj^roach* 
ing.  I  was  one  of  those  who  ac* 
companied  him  on  his  visit,  and, 
%£ter  1 1  days,  we  arrived  at  Cape 
Gradas  a  Dios.  To  describe  our 
suffirings  during  that  time,  would 


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Il8«9l 


not  be  easy ;  the  wtat  of 
and  foodi,  exposed  toa  vertical  sun, 
and  wiAdng  eta  a  sandy  beacfai  bit 
hy  kFge  flies,  sand  flies  whidi  the 
eoast  swanns  with^  and  the  cfM 
sand  to  sleep  oa  after  a  hard  day^ 
joumejF— these  circumstances  were 
no  strangers  to  us.  Two  dajs 
after  our  arrival  at  the  Cb^  a 
messenger  from  Black  River  came 
te  announce  the  arrival  of  anolh^ 
riiip,  with  about  150  men,  women> 
and  diildren,  which^  together  with 
our  number^  made  upmrds  of  two 
hundred. 

**  The  rain  J  seastm  was  now  fast 
approaching,  sickness  daily  increas- 
ed^ and  it  was  but  a  very  short 
time  b^ere  all  were  laid  up  with 
the  fever  and  ague,  not  one  able  to 
anist  another  out  of  such  a  num- 
ber. Previously  to  this,  three  men 
and  a  woman  got  a  boat,  in  ordetr 
to  proceed  down  to  Bdise:  the 
poor  creatures  were  in  such  haste 
to  set  away,  that  they  went  oS 
without  water,  and  did  not  disoo^ 
vtT  their  misfartuiie  until  it  was 
teekte;  the  consequence  was,  dial 
the  hu^ban4  of  the  poor  woman 
died  for  want  in  the  boat;  th» 
•ethers,  af^  much  suffering,  reach* 
^  BeMse.  Two  of  the  pec^ 
about  ihe  same  time  engaged  a  ca- 
aoe  ftmn  some  of  the  natives,  to 
eoiivey  them  to  the  same  plaee; 
^when  they  were  well  oat  to  sea, 
the  natives  plundered  them,  and 
threw  them  overboard;  one  waa 
nunediately  drowned,  and  tiie 
■•tiier,  being  a  good  swimmer, 
reached  ^e  shore  idmost  dead,  and, 
^Wr  being,  I  beHeve,  two  daya 
without  feed,  he  was  met  by  an 
Indian  woman,  who  gave  hhn  some 
victuals;  he  at  last  reached BeUiew 
^  The  ship  which  arrived  from 
Scotland  ha^g  gone  to  Beliae,  a 
Mr.  Gouger  went  down  with 
%e^  ttnd  made  knowii  the  diateess* 


ed  state  the  setdof  were  in  at 
Black  River,  when  Mr.  Bennettf a 
aidiooaer  immediately  camm  up  %m 
onv  relief,  and  conned  a  naaher 
dawn  to  Beliae;  but  befcte  tfaia 
i^Msel  arrived,  tea  or  eleven  had 
abeady  bee^  caupgned  to  tlie 
grave.  But  for  the  interference  ai 
ti^ose  humane  and  generoos  people 
at  Beliae,  we  must  all  have  peri^ 
ed,  either  for  want  or  by  sickneML. 
I  myself  was  s^  at  the  Cape,  but 
fin^g  that  they  were  about  to 
leave  for  Belise,  I  delennined  to 
undertake  the  journey  by  aia  in  a 
smallcanoe.  I  had  not pRweedod 
far,  before  we  found  il  would  be 
prudent  to  makefer  theshoreywhicii 
we  did  at  the  ride  of  our  lives^  at 
least  of  mine— as  the  natives  aaa 
such  good  swiauaaen,  that  they  do 
not  care  if  a  boat  diould  fin,  at  di^ 
alwa3rs  reach  the  shore;  however,  I 
reached  the  herein  gafety,althoa^ 
widi  difficulty,  as  it  rained  very 
hard,  and  having  been  wet  toUmg, 
I  found  myself  to  be  very  weak* 
However,  aha  undemnoff  many 
hardships,  I  arrived  at  Black  Biver^ 
and  found  only  five  or  six  renam- 
ing all  of  whom  were  siek.  Wa 
hid  10  await  the  arrival  of  tha 
schooner  to  take  us  awi^,  with  the 
.remainder  if  the  stores,  fte.  i 
was  almost  imoediately  aeiaed  witb 
the  fever  and  ague. 

^'Some,  that  came  out  from  SooU 
land,  were  well  advanced  ia  years  3 
tiiey  had  come  there  to  ^lend  the  re- 
mainder of  their  day*  ia  peace  and 
Mafort— as  &at  Orcgor  MXTrcgov 
Udd  them  they  could  live  without 
working— two  crops  of  all  aorta  of 
com,  &C.,  vrithout  ooltivatiaBs 
such  wese  the  ideas  of  the  dekided 
people.  Com  and  potatoes  we  sat 
ra  the  ground  for  a  trial;  bat 
ifHienever  they  made  thrir  appear- 
ance above  ffronnd,  the  son  wva  so 
hot,  that  they  were  immediatriy 
destroyed. 


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OCT.3 


CHRONICLE. 


139 


'*  After  alimgilliWiSy  I  WMchenu 
^d  li3r  ^la  hope  of  once  more  seeing 
waj  native  land,  ai  tlie  Medioiu 
Hiaxd  deemed  it  pioper  to  tend  all 
thoie  back,  who  were  mucli  reduced 
and  not  Ukely  to  recover  in  that 
dimale.  Bemg  one  of  these,  I 
ambadEed  on  the  lat  of  Augusti  on 
iMMod  the  ship  Ocean,  with  four 
othenu  The  number  which  re* 
turned  does  not  exceed  forty  |  and 
r  fear  tbeve  will  be  but  few  more. 

"E^WAKD  Iaxw" 
€,StafibrdrphMe,  Pimlico,  Oct.  93* 

SrrAFromftmivjn  Sbbsion9  -^ 
WrrcBCRAFT  AND  Rqbbeby.-^ 
James  RoKborougb,  and  Sarah,  his 
wife,  were  induted  for  stealing 
9SL,  the  property  of  a  respectable 
tradesman  of  Hanley. 

A.  R.  d^osed,  tlutt  she  was  the 
wife  of  the  prosecutor,  living  at 
Hanlej.  She  first  saw  the  pri- 
soner, Sarah  Roxborough,  on  the 
15th  of  August  last,  when  she  told 
witness,  that  she  could  '^  rule  tho 
planets,  recover  stolen  goods,  and 
get  bad  debte  in."  On  the  18th, 
witness  again  had  an  interview 
with  her,  and  she  stated,  she  would 

£bad  debts  in  fcnr  a  shilling  in 
pound.  Witness  saw  her  again 
oa  uie  l^iSnd,  and  made  an  agree* 
ment  wiUi  her  to  come  to  her  nus* 
bnd  8  house  on  the  26th.  Accord- 
ing to  agreement,  prisoner  came 
about  10  o'clock  in  the  morning  of 
that  day,  and  desir^  witness  tohave 
a  fire  made  in  a  small  room  above 
atatzfy  as  the  cmo  below  would  not 
be  private  enough —  she  also  re* 
AUOTted  w^ness  to  procure  twenty* 
five  one-pound  notes,  or  fi.ve  five- 
pound  notesj  and  plaoe  them  in  her 
Insom  immediately,  where  they 
weie  to  remain  ^  nine  o'clock  at 
lught  Witness  ap^ed  to  her 
Imabaad  for  the  notes,  which  he 
allowed  heir  to  have— *th^  were 
ti»ei»ty-%e  of  Ki^aersly's  notes; 


md  Aa  pr^^aoed  a  fire  in  the  ipagio 
chamber-  Mrs.  Roxbotouffk  cama 
agiun  to  her  husband's  house  ^ 
little  after  two  o'clock,  and  pro* 
oeed^  to  the  room  up  stains  wi|-» 
aess  going  with  her.  The  pri^r 
saner  then  sent  witneBs  down  steira 
twice— <the  first  time  for  a  Uw 
tdna,  and  the  second  £ar  some  of 
her  hu^Hind's  liair.  She  then  in* 
quired,  whether  the  notes  had  been 
obtained?  Witness  first  answered 
negatively,  but  afterwards  sadd,  sha 
had  them  in  her  bosom*  Prisoner 
then  said,  '^  I  must  have  tham  ou( 
— I  can  00  no  farther>  tilt  1  hava 
tb^n."  Upon  witness  delivering 
the  notes  to  her,  the  woman  ptaoed 
a  little  of  Mr*  R.'s  hair  between 
each,  and  wrapped  them  up  in  a 
piece  of  pimer,  which  she  had 
brought  wiw  her,  and  laid  them 
on  a  chair.  On  witness  attampt- 
ingto  replace  them  in  her  boscrn^ 
prisoner  said,  they  must  respain  on 
the  chair  a  hw  minutes,  and  adced 
for  some  chalk  or  pendl,  neither  ef 
which  articles  w«re  at  hand.  Sha 
then  desired  witness  to  stand  in  a 
certain  part  ai  the  roonr,  and  gave 
her  some  pins  to  throw  into  tha 
fire,  which  she  was  to  wateh  till 
they  were  consumed.  Witness  dL<* 
videdherattention  between  thepini 
in  the  fire  and  the  money  on  the 
chair,a<id,8hortlyafter,obsiervQd  Ad 
prison/^  snatch  up  the  notes^  lay^ 
ing  a  loU  similar  to  them  in  theiff 
place.  Witness  inataotly  chargfJ 
her  with  taking  the  bills,  bu^  «t# 
denied  it,  and  jvoaounoed  witness 
a  fidse  lying  woman,  who  imsMN 
diately  called  up  her  husband. 

J.  R.,  hnsband  of  t]ie  kit  wit- 
nasi,  gave  his  wtfa  twent^^fiva 
poimd  notes  of  Kinaersly's  bank* 
on  the  $6th  of  August,  and  aa 
that  day  Savah  Boxboraugfa  came 
to  his  house:  he  was  caUed  up 
stairs  in  the  afteonm  bf  bis  wifi^ 


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into  a  beck  room^  nv^ierelie  found 
the  female  prisoner ;  Ms  wife  said, 
the  wmnan  had  gotten  the  notes,  and 
would  not  part  with  them ;  upon 
this,  he  aslced  the  prisoner,  what 
she  had  done  with  the  notes,  and 
she  enswaied,  ''I  have  thrown 
them  into  the  fire ;"  and  offered  to 
he  searched.  Witness  examined 
her  pockets,  but  could  not  find  the 
money.  James  Roxboiough  came 
into  witness's  shop  a  shrat  time 
afto  he  had  been  called  up  stairs, 
but  witness  did  not  know  he  was 
husband  to  the  endiantress,  or  he 
should  have  detained  him. 
'  Cross-examined. — ^Had  usually 
employed  a  lawyer  to  get  his  bad 
debts  in,  and  found  it  better  than 
emplojring  a  witch.  Lawyers  did 
not  require  25/.  to  begin  with. 

Ralph  Barton,  constable,  was 
sent  for,  on  the  26th  of  August,  to 
search  Sarah  Roxborough,  but 
found  no  property  upon  her.  She 
said,  she  had  thrown  the  notes  into 
the  fire,  and  afterwards  that  she 
had  dirown  them  through  the 
window. 

'  Mrs.  Clarke,  matron  of  the 
oounty-eaol,  proved  that  eight  1/. 
notes  OT  Kinnersly's  bank  were 
given  to  her  by  Sarah  Roxborough, 
when  she  came  to  Stafibrd. 

Before  the  case  went  to  the  jury, 
the  Court  remarked  that  nothing 
in  the  evidence  implicated  the  male 
prisoner;  they  had  therefore  to 
confine  their  attention  to  the  fe- 
male. 

Sentence  on  Sarah  Roxborough, 
one  yearns  imprisonment;  James 
Roxborough  acquitted. 

OUTRAOB      IN     A      CoURT     OP 

JuBTtOE. — ^At  the  Manchester  Ses- 
sions, on  Saturday  last,  Samuel 
Shore,  David  Hughes,  and  John 
Orattan,  were  tried  for  'stealing  a 
pocket-book  and  its  contents  (one 
Bank  of  England  note  for  1/^,  and 


three  promissory  notes),  the  pro- 
perty of  Thomas  Moss.  The  twa 
former  were  found  Guilty,  and 
Grattan  was  acquitted.  Previ- 
ously to  passing  sentence,  ibie 
Chairman,  as  is  usual,  asked  what 
was  known  of  the  previous  habits 
of  the  men,  when  he  was  told  by 
Battye  (one  of  the  beadles),  that 
Shore  had  already  been  transp[)rted, 
that  both  were  men  of  notoriously 
bad  characters,  and  that  Jthe  bro^ 
ther  of  Hughes  had  rececttly  been 
hanged.  Sentence  of  transporta- 
tion for  life  was  then  passed  oa 
them;  and  immediately  Hugbes 
struck  Battye  a  severe  blow  on  tk 
face,  which  felled  him  to  the  floor; 
another  beadle  having  come  to  tbe 
assistance  of  Battye,  Shore  joined 
in  the  outr^,  both  prisoners 
striking  and  Hcking  him  in  the 
most  brutal  manner.  The  court 
became  a  scene  of  uproar  and  eon- 
fusion  ;  some  women,  who  were  in 
the  dock  as  prisoners,  shrieked  out ; 
and  it  was  with  difliculty,  that  the 
villains  were  secured,  taken  irom 
the  bar,  and  put  into  heavy  irons. 
The  Court  then  proceeded  to  con- 
sult as  to  the  proper  mode  of  treat- 
ing the  culprits.  The  stfnten^ 
the  hw  hiui  been  already  psssw, 
and  could  not  be  altered :  but,  on 
referring  to  the  act  for  the  regula- 
tion of  prisons,  it  was  found  that, 
at  the  discretion  of  the  magistrate, 
prisoners  guilty  of  outrs^  "V["' 
sons  might  be  whipped.  Tb^ 
were,  therefore,  again  jnit  to  wc 
bar,  and,  evidence  of  their  conda« 
being  regularly  gone  into,  M*f 
were  ordered  to  be  taken  and  se- 
verely flogged  tiwrfflw^.  This  was 
done  in  the  front  of  aU  the  pn- 
soners  of  the  ward  to  whidi  ^ 
belonged.  Shore  was  the  nrwi 
upon  whom  the  cat-'o-nine  tMi« 
was  appHed.  He  called  out  f<» 
mercy  during  the  whole  time  w  ♦ 


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CHRONICLE. 


141 


operatioti ;  but  Hughes  was  more 
lttidened--4ie  uttered  no  shriek. 
.  24.  A  murder  cf  a  most  atro- 
cious  description^    committed    in 
Gill's-hill-lane^  near  BatWs-ereen^ 
in  the  parish  of  Aldenham,  Herts, 
annpletely  occupied  the  public  at- 
tention towards  tha  end  ef  the 
nwnth.     The  investigation  of  thii 
sffidr  commenced  at  Watford^  on 
Tuesday  the  28th  of  October.  Mr. 
NidioHs,    a  farmer^  at  Batler's- 
green«  gaTcinformation,  thatPhilip 
Smithy  farmer,  of  Kemp's-greeU) 
bad,  on  Friday  evening,  Oct.  24> 
about   8,   heard  the  noise    of  a 
chaise  going  down  GiU's-hill-lane, 
and  shortly  s£ter,  the  rqwrt  <^  a 
pistQl,  followed  by  de^   groans. 
On  Saturday,    Nicholls  received 
from  two  lalxHirers  a  pistol,  which 
they  had  just  found  lying  under 
the  lane  hedge,  and  the  labourers 
UM  him,  they  had  that  morning 
seen  two  persons  come  down  the 
lane  at  break  of  day,  and  ffo  to 
the  spot,   where    they  contmued 
grabb&ng  for  about  five  minutes, 
as  if  loddng  for  something  they 
had  lost.     Imbrmation  of  tUs  Was 
immediately  sent  to   Bow-street. 
Meanwhile,   the  Watford  magis- 
tntes,  Robert  Clutterbuck  and  J. 
Finch  Mason,  esqrs.,  proceeded  to 
Nichdls's  house  at  Batler's-green, 
and,  after  some  inquiries,  went  to 
Frobert's  cottage,  and  took  Pro- 
bert  into  custody ;  and  in  the  night 
anested  Thomas  Thurtell  at  Pro- 
belt's    cottage.      They  also   sent 
wicranta  to  town  by  Ruthven,  the 
officer,  to  arrest  John  Thurtell  and 
Jos^i    Hunt,    on    suspicion    of 
having  committed  the  murder.  On 
Wednesday,  Ruthven  brought  J. 
Thurtell  and  Hunt  to  Watford. 
A  Mr.  Noel  attended  the  magis- 
trates;, and  informed  them,  he  sus- 
peeted  the  person  murdered  was 
Mr,  Weare,  of  Lyon's-inn.    The 


magistrates  then  commenced  an 
examination  of  several  witnesses* 
Thurtell,  Hunt,  and  Probert  were 
also  examined ;  after  which  Hunt 
made  a  confession ;  in  consequence 
of  which  the  murdered  body  (that 
of  Mr.  William  Weare,  of  Lyon's* 
inn)  was  searched  for,  and  found 
in  a  pond  within  seven  miles  of 
Watfoid;  the  legs,  which  weve 
quite  naked,  were  tied  together 
with  some  new  cord,  and  the  up» 
per  part  of  the  body  was  con- 
cealed in  a  sack  tied  on.  Affixed 
to  the  sack  was  a  handkerchief 
containing  ]  stmies.  The  body  was 
conveyed,  precisely  in  this  state, 
to  a  pttbUc-house  in  the  parish  of 
£lstree>  where  the  coroner's  in^ 
quest  was  held. 

The  following  were  the  material 
parts  of  Hunt's  confession:  he 
commenced  by  describing  a  meet- 
ins;  some  time  since  between  him- 
8e&  and  the  prisoner,  John  Thum 
tell,  when  the  latter  stated,  that 
the  deceased,  Mr.  Weare,  had  won 
300/.  of  him  at  play,  by,  means 
of  false  cards,  and  that,  on  being 
challenged  with  it,  the  deceased's 
r^y  was,  "  You  dare  not  say  a 
w(«d  about  it,  fra:  ydu  know  you 
have  defrauded  yoiur  creditors  of 
that  amount."  Thurtell  thmi 
professed  to  Hunt  a  determination 
to  be  revenged.  On  the  momiiM; 
of  the  day  when  the  murder  took 
place.  Hunt  and  J.  Thurtell  were 
together,  when  the  latter  pur« 
chased  a  pair  of  pistols  (with  one 
of. which  the  deed  was  perpe- 
trated) :  they  afterwards  dined  to- 
gether ;  and  in  the  evening  Thur- 
tell left  tovm  in  a  gig,  saying  he 
was  to  meet  a  gentleman  at  Fad-» 
dington-gate,  ^o  was  going  with 
him  cm  a  shooting  excursion  into 
Hertfordshire.  The  same  evening, 
about  an  hour  after,  Hunt  accom^ 
panied  Mr.  Frobert  to  his  cottage 


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tSBM. 


CtOffl'^-liffl.  Wlien  they  Cffrif^ft 
A«fe,  Ihey  met  J.  Thurtell^  who 
toH  Ikem^  lie  bad  td6Wn  out  the 
teeeoBed's  brain§,  and  that  ^he 
hsdy  ky  behind  a  hei^  in  the 
llAe.  They  theh  supped  together 
at  Ptobert's ;  after  which  tTiurtdl 
|miduced  the  deceased's  gold  %atch« 
i&d  wanted  thera  to  gb  to  look  at 
Ike  body,  which,  he  said,  was  in  a 
aailt,  bnt  ib^  would notgd.  They 
iHt  up  ail  liight ;  and,  about  fbur 
el^5fock  in  the  morning,  Th^rlell 
trent  out,  brought  the  body  across 
Ua  horse's  back,  and  threw  it  into 
PMbertiB  ftsh-pond :  on  the  same 
morning.  Hunt  and  Thurtell  re^ 
turned  tb  loMrtL  On  the  ^Monday 
after,  they  went  down  again  to 
Probert's,  and,  on  that  night, 
tniuHell  removed  the  body  in  his 
gig  from  ProberfiB  premises,  and 
threw  it  into  a  muddy  manAi 
dkiut  four  feet  deep,  where  it  was 
afterwards  found. 

Probert  expressed  a  wish  to  see 
tbe  maffistrates;  they  went  to 
Idm,  when  he  confessed  aU  he 
kne#  of  the  matter;  that  his 
hand  did  not  commit  the  murder ; 
that,afterit  was  perpetrate,  Thur- 
tl^  threatened  to  mUrder  him,  if 
he  i^)ened  his  lips  upon  the  sub*- 
Ject,  a^d  tdd  him,  that  he  had 
piclfed  out  serenteen  persons  of 
Mfasttmee  whom  he  intended  to  rob 
and  murder,  and  that  the  deceased 
was  one  bf  them. 

At  the  coroner's  inquest,  which 
was  h^d  on  Friday  and  Saturday, 
•fter  the  collateral  evidence  had 
<>een  gone  thiouf^h,  the  prisoner 
Hunt  was  called  m.  His  whiskers 
faid  been  shaved  off,  and  he  came 
fbrWard  apparently  not  much  af- 
Heeted  by  his  situation.  The 
«OKmer  stad,  "  We  are  willing  to 
reoeive  any  statement  you  may 
^e  us,  but  we  do  not  ask  you  to 
tommit  yoursdf  in  any  way  what- 


6¥er  bef(fre  ibis  Juty.^  He  l^ett 
gave  a  statement,  in  a  eool,  eel* 
teoMd,  and  precise  maimer,  occ«^ 
Sionally  sighing  heavOy,  as  he 
paused  for  it  to  b^  written  down  ; 
the  materifld  substance  of  v^iiA 
is  detail^  befbre.  The  eoraner 
^n  put  vArieus  questions  l» 
Hunt,  arisii^  out  df  his  evidence^ 
irOm  which  the  iblloWiiwr  ansi-> 
^onal  facts  came  out:  &  weie 
given  to  Hunt,  and  6/.  to  ftt>bert, 
by  Thurtdl.  When  adied  far 
what,  Hunt  said  it  was  given  fctm 
for  his  pnlfessional  duties,  that  \i^ 
far  singing  to  ihe  company.  He 
afterwards  acknewle^^^,  that 
the  6/.  was  their  share  of  the  mone^ 
ibund  on  Mr.  Weare.  Aflefe' 
Thurtell  called  him  and  Probert 
out,  and  told  them  of  the  murder^ 
they  all  returned  quietly  to  atn^ 
in  the  parlour,  where  they  made 
merry  during  the  evening!  Thu^ 
sack  was  bou^t  by  Hunt,  a 
Broad-street,  Bloonubury,  ttett^ 
Hind-street,  and  taken  to  JoIib 
Thurtell,  who  told  him  it  was  tm 
put  game  in.  He  also  ptirchaaed 
the'  cord,  which  he  (Hunt)  sup- 

Ked  was  to  tie  it  up  with. 
uttell  took  the  money  from  a 
note^case,  which,  with  a  bro^Tt 
purse  and  a  betting-borfc,  he  after- 
wards threw  into  the  fire.  On 
Sunday,  Hunt,  when  at  theeot^ 
tage,  wore  a  suit  of  deaths  he- 
longine  to  the  murdered  maa  f 
Mr.  Weare's  other  things  were 
also  given  into  Hunt's  chai^— * 
Probert  being  brought  b^oreQi6 
jury,  entered  into  a  full  stotement 
of  his  connexion  with  the  Thur- 
tells  ftnd  Hunt  He  d^ed  haviM 
any  knowledge  of  the  murder,  tflf 
informed  by  John  Thurtell.  On 
asking  who  was  killed,  John 
Thurtell  said,  «  It  don't  matter  tf> 
you,  you  don't  know  his  name^ 
and  never  saw  him ;   and  if  ever 


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CHRONICLE. 


149 


^oo  my  a  flmfife  ^nxtd  afaoiit  it^  Vf 
G—d  you  skdl  share  the  sftme  &tey 
fior  Joe  and  I  (meanuig  Hunt  and 
Jobxk  Thortell)  meant  to  have  had 
yoar  brother-zn-kw  that  is  to  be 
(Mr.  Wood),  the  other  day,  only 
^lat  he  ran  so  fast  when  he  saw 
tbe  boose,  and  escaped."    He  also 
waid,  *^  I  have  more  to  kill,  and 
7«m  w^  be  one  of  them,  if  you 
don't  do  what  is  risht.''    When 
Mxa.  Probert  pressed  Hunt  and 
lliurtell    to   go    to   bed   on  the 
Friday,  one  of  them  replied,  ^'  We 
liave  a  good  deal  of  mg^t-work  to 
^  and  want  to  nse  ourselves  to 
it.''      Thurtdl  and   Hunt  threw 
4iie  body  into  his  pon4— Mr.  Noel 
aaid.   Hunt's  eonfbasion  was  dis*^ 
proved  in  many  parts,  and,  upon 
proof  of  his  confession  being  false, 
he   might  still  be  put  upon  his 
trial -^  The  coroner  summed  up 
Ifae  evidence;    and  the  jury  re- 
tamed  a  verdkt  of  Wilful  Murder 
i^ainst  John  Thurtell  as  a  prin^ 
cqial,  and  against  Hunt  and  Pro*- 
Wrt  as  accessaries  before  tiie  iaicXg 
The  prisonera  Were  oonve^^ed  to 
Hert&rd  gaoL^The  ooiidner  and 
^BTj  e:qpn^8ed  their  ^conviction  of 
Thomas  Husttell's  innoeence   of 
^  murder;  but  he  wa6  detained 
OB  a  diaige  of  oonspiriiK  to  set  fiie 
to  his  house,  in  order  to  defraud  the 
County  Fire  Office. 

The  bo^  of  die  murdered  mHa 
was  indosed  in  a  coffin,  and  cap- 
lied  under  a  pall  by  six  bearers  to 
Elstree  church-yi^,  and  there 
buried  at  elev^i  o'clock  on  Satu^ 
di^-^ught. 

Hunt  is  brother  to  die  vocal 
ptfifuruier  at  -Covent^gordeh,  uid  a 
shoK  time  since  kept  ^e  Anny  and 
Ktvy  Coffise-house,  in  St.  Mardn's- 
kae.  The  two  Thurtdls  are  sons 
of  Alderman  Thurtell,  of  Norwich, 
a  atn  of  the  hi^iest  respectability. 
Probert  was  fonnerly  a  wina-m»^ 


chsmt,  iuri  has  taiken  die  bonit  of 
tfe  InsblvCBtAct. 

It  has  been  sttikd,  tiiat  an  a8S6- 
ciation  of  several  desperate  ckaracv 
ters,  comprising,  among  odiers,  the 
diree  prisoners  committed  tb  Heil^ 
ford  gaol  for  the  murder  of  Mr. 
Weaie,  had  taken  houses  in  Mm- 
diesterwbuildiiin  and  Cannan^Timv 
sitoadonS,  whi^^&am  their  ocmti^ 
guity  to  die  Thuies,  were  every 
way  fBlcnlatid  Ibr  ^eir  alxocbus 
iatentionB.  Their  avowed  ob|e^ 
was,  to  inveigle  persons,  who  w«te 
known  to  be  the  bearers  of  suiub 
woltihy  of  plunder,  to  these  abodes 
«f  taiurder,  and  there  ftrst  to  bssa^ 
linate,  and  then  despoil  diem  of 
whatever  property  diey  had  about 
them.  One  instance  is  said  to  hsv^ 
occurted,  ih  which  a  victiin  wte 
dmost  obtained.  John  Tfanrtell, 
ind  a  person  named  Wood,  both 
paid  thdr  addresses  to  a  Mte 
Noyes,  sister  to  Mis.  Probert:  d«e 
jeaioosy  of  ThuiteD  carried  him  Id 
die  resolution  of  murdering  lot  li- 
vid; and,tofotdierhifiintenti«i, 
-0  feigned  letter  was  written,  pux^ 
porting  to  come  from  Miss  ^fipyei^ 
Axing  ameeting  wbii  Wodd  attke 
very  liowe  alliSed  to  in  Mandiba- 
ter-buiidii^  It  lutd  been  decided, 
tiiat  Wt)od  was  to  be  mfQerod  1^ 
Thortell^  imd,  as  a  silent  aad^ 
bloodless  way  of  putdne  to  end  tb 
him,  a  pair  of  dumb-b^  were  die 
weapom  to  be  employed.  Wood 
became  alarmed  on  fiMt  eiit««iiig 
the  house,  and  by  a  preo^itate  t^ 
treat  saved  himself  nom  the  fate 
that  awaited  him. 

TiOiAOs  Court.  «-^  Oata  v« 
Mtmiague  Burgoyne,  es^*,  mni 
<jikers.^Mt.  Thesi^  stansd  thse 
case.  It  was  an  action  brbughl  fay 
a  poor  widow,  to  recover  a  cmn- 
pensadon  in  damages  against  the 
defendant,  Mr.  Burgoyne,  and  die 
lolher  defendants  in  hk  service,  ier 


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"m  trespaflB  in  partiiiUy  injuring  her 
cottage.  She  had  tended  at  East 
•Sheen,  in  the  cottage  in  qaestiony 
upwards  of  12  years ;  and  though 
€xtremely  poor^  had  supported  her« 
self  without  heing  a  burthen  to  any 
one.  Mr.  Burgoyne,  who  a  few 
years  since  had  taken  up  his  resi- 
denoeat  East  Sheen^wishedtoobtain 
•considerable  property  ui  the  newi« 
bourhood,  and  became  possessed  of 
a  reversionary  interest  in  the  wi- 
dow Oates's  cottage,  but  possession 
was  not  to  be  taken  for  a  certain 
time,  and  that  time  had  not  eUpsed 
when  the  trespass  was  committed. 
Mr.  Burgoyne,  however,  wished  to 
Anticipate  the  period,  and  the  poor 
woman  was  more  than  once  tloea- 
tened ;  and  in  consequence,  about 
,the  middle  of  August  last,  she  re- 
paired to  London,  to  obtain  the  ad- 
vice of  her  son-in-law,  having  first 
secured  the  windows  and  doors. 
During  her  stay  in  the  metropolis, 
she  received  a  letter  from  a  neigh- 
bour, informing  her  that  the  oot- 
,tage  was  bein^  pulled  down.  On 
jreceiviuf  this  mtelligence,  ahe  im- 
mediate^  returned,  and  found  the 
dies  of  ^e  roof  of  the  house  were 
tekea  off,  her  garden  trodden  down^ 
and  the  worionen  busily  employed 
in  making  alterations.  She  or- 
dered the  men  to  desist,  and  called 
her  neighbours  to  view  the  waste 
of  her  property.  Her  bed  was  so 
much  injured  by  exposure  to  ihe 
weather,  that  she  was  unaUe  to 
sleep  in  it  Application  was  sub- 
sequently made  to  Mr.  Burgoyne 
on  the  subject;  his  reply  was, 
''Let  her  go  to  law.  I  have  500/1 
tospendr  A  letter  was  af^rwards 
•aent  to  her  son^jn-law  in  Mr.  Bur- 
goyne's  hand^writing,  enumerating 
•the  ii^uries  dope  to  the  house,  aiM 
obsennng,  that,  if  the  widow  would 
allow  him  to  repair  the  house,  he 
jprould  give  her  three  guineas,  and 


dtt  might  quit  It  at  Midmelitiai. 
EndosM  in  the  letter  was  a  cu- 
rious document,  in  whidi  die 
brickh^rer  stated,  that  he^was  ready 
to  swear  no  injury  had  been  done 
to  the  goods.  After  this,  there 
was  a  proposition  to  refer  the  mat- 
ter to  the  solidtor  of  Mr.  Bur- 
goyne, but  the  poor  woman  had 
brought  her  case  before  a  jury; 
and  to  flhow  them  there  was  no 
vindictive  feeling  she  merely 
claimed  the  sum  (tt  14^  19v- 

The  case  being  proved,  thejuiy, 
without  hesitation,  returned  a  ver- 
dict—  Damages  I4i,  IQs.,  and 
costs ;  and  the  Foreman  observe^ 
**  We  are  extremely  sony  we  can* 
not  give  a  great  dc»l  more.'* 


NOVEMBER. 

Extraordinary  Narratitr 
—The  following  statement  wss 
lately  made  before  some  memben 
of  the  Seamen's  Friend's  Society, 
who  have  scrupulously  inquired 
into  the  facts.  On  the  9th  of 
May,  1820,  the  smack  Princess  of 
Wales  sailed  from  London  to 
Prince  Edward's  Idand,  in  the  In- 
dian sea,  for  the  purpose  of  catch- 
ing seals,  whidi  sea  they  readied 
on  the  17th  of  March,  1821.  At 
midnight  she  struck  on  the  rods 
of  the  island  of  Crosette;  the 
crew  ffot  out  the  long-boat,  sod 
reached  shore,  having  saved  no- 
thing from  the  wreck  hut  a  tinder- 
hpx,  a  fiying-pan,  a  gridiron,  s 
lance,  and  a  few  knives.  Before 
this  occurrence,  ei^t  of  ^  the  crew 
had  left  the  snmck  in  a  boat,  widi 
the  intent  to  fish  dose  to  another 
island,  on  which  they  were  obliged 
to  go  ashore,  and  next  monung 
each  party  thousht  the  other  lost. 
Those,  who  had  knded  in  theidsnd 
of  Crosette,  were  seven  in  numbet* 


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CHRONICLE. 


145 


Tbe  nigbt  was  etoemdy  dttk, 
and  the  sufierera  had  no  odiier 
means  of  protection  than  the  boat, 
which  ibiBy  turned  over  themselTes 
as  a  security  against  the  sea-ele- 
l^iants,  which  were  in  great  abun- 
dance in  the  neighbourhood.  In 
the  morning  they  saw  the  veateL 
on  her  besmi^ends,  with  a  large 
hde  in  the  bottom,  and  a  heavy 
sea  washing  over  her.  They  suo- 
ceeded,  aft^  several  attempts,  in 
getting  possession  of  a  few  chests 
of  spoilt  bread,  a  part  of  one  of 
the  sails,  some  rigging;  and  at 
last  they  got  hold  of  ^e  mast, 
which  was  soon  separated  by  the 
storm  from  the  vessel.  For  three 
we^u  their  only  shelter  was  under 
the  boat,  being  prevented  from 
building  a  hut,  by  the  inclemency 
c£  the  weather.  They  lived  upon 
birds  and  the  tongues  and  hearts 
of  the  sea-elephants.  The  former 
they  caught  with  ease ;  th6  latter 
they  killed  with  the  lance  which 
they  saved  txom  the  wreck.  In  tiie 
course  of  a  month,  they  raised 
a  hut  with  the  materials  saved 
£rom  the  wreck,  covered  the  roof 
with  the  skins  of  the  sea-elephants, 
and  made  beds  of  grass.  Their 
winter,  in  consequence  of  the 
island  being  in  about  47  degrees 
Sooth  latitude  and  47  degrees 
East  longitude,  took  place  at  the 
period  S  our  summer  season; 
but,  indeed,  so  inclement  was  the 
weather  during  their  abode  there, 
that  the  summer  might  be  said  to 
be  limited  to  one  month.  Their 
dothes  lasted  until  December, 
when  they  were  obliged  to  use 
seal  skins,  which  they  sewed  to^ 
getber  with  the  sinews  of  the  flMtt^ 
ele^iant,  by  means  of  an  old  naiL 
Their  whole  time  was  occupied 
between  eating,  lying  in  wait 
for  the  sea-el^hants  and  birds, 
and  reading  a  Bible,  which  had 
Vol.  LXV. 


been  saved  from  the  wreck,  and 
oo-op»ated    with    the   sufferings 
they  had  undergone  in  r^onuing 
the  most  dissolute  amongst  them. 
The  month  of  December  had  not 
ended,  when  they  were  astoni^ed 
and  delighted  at  seeing  a  boat  row 
up  to  the  beach,  and  their  eight 
shipmates,  who  they   feared  had 
been  lost,  land  upon  the  island. 
It  hi^^iened  that  the  very  jdans, 
adopted  by  the  <me  party,  had  been 
acted  upon  by  the  other.     They 
were  dressed  in  the  same  manner, 
and  had  lived  in  the  same  way; 
but  those    who    had    left    their 
island  had  not  been  able  to  raise 
a  hut,  and  had    ventured   again 
upon  the   water,  in  search  m   s 
more   comfortable    abode,    which 
they  found  amongst  their  friends, 
after  a  seardi  of  about  1 5  miles. 
The   two   islands    were    distant 
from  each  other   upwards   of  3 
leagues.     The  inhabitants  being 
thus  collected,  and  having  renudno 
ed  together  8  weeks,  the  means  of 
living     bc^an    to    become    more 
scanty,  uid  it  was  agreed  that  five 
of  the  number  should  go  back  to  tiie 
neighbouring  island  to  live  upon 
the  produce   there,  while    those 
who   remained    diould    bufld    a 
vessel  of  the  materials  of  the  hut 
and  of  the  planks  of  some  housea 
form^Iy  erected  by  the  Americans, 
which  were  buried  in  the  sand. 
In  about  five  months,  a  Ingger  of 
about    12    tons    was    completed. 
They  kundied  her,  and .  intended 
to  depart  the  day  after,  but   to 
their  dismay,  on  the  very  night  of 
the  launch,  she  was  bk>wn  amongst 
■4be   xodcs,   and   her  stem    w$s, 
bniten    in.     Scarcely,    however, 
had  this  calamity  ooauTcd»  wbto 
anoldfeUow,  who  was  constantly 
em]^oyed  on  die  look  out,  cried 
out, ''  A  sail."    They^  lool^ed  in 
the  same  direction,  but  the  general 


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ofdnion  was,  that  tbe  sail  waa^s^ 
other  than  a  large  bird,  which  had 
often  led  them  into  errors  of  the 
same  sort.  They,  however,  light- 
ed a  fire  with  the  blubber  of  the 
sea-elephant,  their  only  fuel,  on 
the  most  elevated  part  of  the 
island,  to  attract  the  attention  of 
the  vessel,  if  there  should  be  one 
in  si^t.  They  soon  saw  a  schoo- 
ner, which  sent  a  boat  ashore. 
The  shipwrecked  seamen  .  nu» 
towards  this  .delightful  object,  but 
as  their  seal-skin  trows^rs  retarded 
theii:  progress  they  threw  them 
off,  and  the  crew  of  the  schooner 
actually  took  them  for  a  new  race 
of  inhabitants.  So  great  was  the 
desire  of  the  unfortunate  men  to 
set  on  board,  that  they  ran  into 
ike  water,  and  swam  towards  die 
vessel,  where  they  were  provided 
with  every  thing  they  were  in 
want  of.  The  sdbooner  was  the 
Philo,  of  Boston,  captain  PerdvaL 
They  were  taken  to  the  Isle  of 
France,  and  two  of  them,  named 
Veale  and  Petherbridge,  came  home 
in  the  Lord  Exmouth,  captain 
Evans. 

Berlin. — The  grandson  of  the 
late  Marshal  Blucher  is  a  lieu- 
tenant of  Hussars,  and  was  lately 
arrested  for  wotmding  with  a 
Doniar^  an  actor,  who  had  beaten 
him  on  finding  bun  alone  with  his 
wife.  The  young  count  was 
SMbsequently  adjud^d  to  undergo 
three  months'  imprisonment  in  a 
fortress.  His  majesty  the  king 
pf  Prussia  confirmed  the  finding 
of  the  Court  by  an  Order  of  the 
Day,  in  .which  is  the  following 
passage: — ^''Idesire  that  the  offioer« 
of.  my  army  should. not.  endeavour 
to  support  their  dignity  by  vin- 
oicdve  and  sanguinary  outrages, 
which  they  draw  nnm  themselves. 
I  require  of  them,  that  thej  should 
preserve  their  dignity  by  conduct  at 


oiifled«icrat«id9i<»^>in  ttetemn^ 
from  actions  which  axe  alike  m> 
pugnant  to  the  laws  of  honour 
ana  miovality.  In  making  ksom 
th^e  sentiments  to  the  army,  I 
must  add,  that  it.  is  afflicting  to 
myself  to  find  so  compromtBed  a 
name  justly  venerated." 

10.  Natal    Con&T-MABTuik 
—A  Court-martial  was  held  m 
board    the    Queen  Charlotte,  to 
inquire  into  the  conduct  of  lieo^ 
tenant  William  Price  HamOfeoi^ 
late  of  his  migesty's  ship  Topai^ 
as  connected  with  the  amay  wUcb 
took  place  in  the  month  of  DeceoH 
bw,   1821,    betwe^i  a  party  of 
seamen  belonging   to   that  shi^ 
and  some  of  the  natives  of  Linti», 
in  China.    Lieutenant  Hamilton's 
statement  of  the  circumstances,  n 
reported  to  obtain  C.  Ricbaxdsoi^ 
(who  was  absent  at  some  distance 
from  the  ship  At  the  time,  duriag 
which  lieutenant   Hamilton   was 
commanding  officer),  was  nead  to 
the  Court;  by  whidi  it  appeared, 
that  on  Saturday^  the  15th  of  De- 
cember, 1821,  he  aent  the  baige 
on  shore  with  a  division  of  seaaa^ 
at  Lintin,  to. get  the  daily  alkw- 
anoe  of  .water,  and  to  wash  and 
scrub  their  dothes  on  the  beacb 
Two  midshipmen  were  sent  in  the 
boat  to  take  care  to  preserve  peacs; 
notwithstanding  which  precaution 
an    affiray    ennted   between    the 
party  sent  to  get  water,  and  ^ 
natives;  the  mter,  from  some  un- 
known cause,  having  come  dofwa 
in  great  numboa,  and  attadoid 
the  seamen.    Upon  diis  being  ob- 
aervod  on  board  the  Topase,liei»- 
t4»nant     Hamilton     immediate^ 
caused  a.  fire  to  be  opened  en  tiMi 
fihore,  by  whieh  some  of  the  natives 
were  killed.    Boats  were  despatchc 
ed  frtnn  the  ahip  at  the  same  umt 
to  bring  off  the  party  of  seamcOt 
which  was  ^EdAtd.  without  tht 


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M7 


iMi  of  any  ttves  mlimT  ftatt, 
idtluniflh  wrend  of  .them  were 
iuvcicfy  woondecL  A  large  bubs  of 
Aoeumentary  evidence  was  alio 
read^  oonsistiitf  of  **^i'«>jimwi<^«w<»w 
between  c^tain  RkharaKm  and 
the  Chinese  authorities,  &c.  on  the 
mibject.  Several  witnesses  wot 
then  examined,  and  die  Court 
having  completed  the  inquiiy,  pivK 
nocra^  as  mlows  t-^"  The  Conrt 
Is  of  opnion,  that  the  death  of  tiie 
said  natives  arose  from  an  unpro- 
▼ol»d  and  baiiwrous  attack  made 
by  them  on  an  nnarmed  part  of 
the  crew  of  his  iiwiesty^s  diip 
Topiise,  wlio  wen  p^Jbly  eJ. 
ployed  on  shore  on  the  occasion 
mbove  stated ;  and  that  the  mea- 
snresy  so  promptly  adopted  by  lieu« 
tenant  Hamilton,  were  ahsokttely 
necessaiy  to  save  the  lives  of  liie 
above-mentioned  men,  and  thai  he 
Aid  not  continue  the  fire  from  the 
Aip  after  that  object  was  obtained ; 
^nd  that  the  conduct  of  lieu- 
tenant W.  P.  Hamilton  was  that 
ef  a  sealous  and  meritorioiw 
•ffieer,  anxious  to  preserve  die 
fivei  ci  the  crew  undler  Us  chafse, 
and  to  support  the  honour  of  Uie 
&ritiah-flf^,  in  rapelHnff  a  wanton 
insult  on  it,  and  doth  adjudge  hjm 
to  be  honourably  acquitted.*'— 
Captain  E.  Brace,  C.  B.,  of  the 
Gaz^es,' President* 

SPANISH   LOANS. 

Copy  of  a  lett^&om  M.  Gueb* 
.  jl^rd  to  the  editpr  .of  the  Joiir- 
. .  i^il  de  Commfnrce. 

Fnris,  Nov.  10, 1883. 
Sirr— Your  Journal  c/t  the  8th 
hist,  contains  a  long  article,  whieh 
is  evidently  directed  against  the 
loan  I  had  contracted  with  the 
Spanirii  Government ;  though,  by 
the  commencement  of  the  arddb 
in  question,  it  mitfht  appear  to 
have   for,  ^ts   principal   oqect  to 


pnyride  fcr    the  deficit   of  the 
oUigations  eonixacted  by  ^late 
Cortes. 
This  article,  in  which  are  amak 

S  mated  all  the  absurdities  vrhidk 
ve  been  circulated  for  some 
time  lespodxDg  the  finances,  ef 
Spain,  must  not  remain  unanswer* 
ed  by  me.  It  not  only  involtet 
my  credit  and  reputation,  whidi 
in  o^ier  respects  are  ha^pply  un- 
awftilabie  in  this  way,  but  it  is 
tdso  necessary  to  enUghten  the 
puUic  with  respect  to  a  system  cf 
Mwhond  and  deoeption,  of  which 
many  honest  iamiHcs  have  already 
beooiaae  the  victims,  since  they 
have  had  the  impndence  to  q^oen^ 
kte  on  the  futde  promises  of  a 
▼anguished  party,  who  are  still 
desirous  to  be  indemnified  for  die 
advances  they  have  made  to  their 
SpaniA  brethifp. 

I  cpniraeted  on  the  l6th  of  Jnfy 
hut,  a  loan  with  the  Regency  <^ 
Spain.  .The  oondiiibns  were  fiimlly 
settled  at  M|idi;id  by  myself,  on 
die  dOth  of  .September  fbUowing. 
His  Catholic  nurioty  has  cqb« 
finned  them  since  his  delivaraiioa  > 
and  the  act,  which  catttaiBS  this 
august' confirmation,  is  .dated  .Oc- 
to&r  Sa  The  Treasuser-gesia* 
iml.of  the  Tinanfies. has  himself 
been  fhatgfd.  to  .tneesnut  .thiB 
cosfimiatitni  to  Pkuos^  .which  .ai&< 
eordjn^^  was  ofljcislly  transmitted 
to  me  onl  the  5th  of  this  month. 
If.  Canissi  was  also  directed  to"  do 
away  idl  obstacles  which  inter* 
Ibredwith  thecmeratum  of  the  loan. 
This  busmess  has  been  executed : 
the  definitive  tenns  of  the  Spanish 
government  are  in.  my  possession, 
and  may  be  had  every  day  at  my 
biireau,  by  such  subscribers  as, 
being  desirous  to  ei^joy  the  bdnmM 
c^  5I  per  cent,  pi^  the  amount 
of  their  subscriptions'  into  my 
lanL 

L  2 


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ANNUAL   REGISTER. 


eras; 


All  the  authentic  documents 
eoncerning  the  loon^  its  condxtionsy 
and  its  securities^  which  I  verified, 
may  he  inspected,  at  any  time, 
being  deposited  in  my  bureau. 

Such,  Sir,  is  my  simfde  and 
iaial  answer  to  the  calumniators  of 
an  operation  whidi  has  for  its 
object  the  establishment  of  the 
kgitimate  throne  of  Spain,  and 
to  consolidate,  by  the  monarchical 
system,  the  repose  of  all  Europe. 

With  reelect  to  oUigations  of 
the  Spanish  Revolutionists,  I  shall 
only  aay,  that  I  know  nothing  of 
ihar  invalidation ;  since  this  mea- 
sure had  been  decreed  by  ^e 
R^lpency,  and  made  public  bedi  at 
Paris  and  London,  ever  since  the 
month  of  June  hist,  a  period  at 
whidi  I  myself  had  not  conceived 
the  idea  of  consecrating  my  ser- 
vices to  the  Government  of  Spain  ; 
but  as  a  party  ffuaranteeing  the 
loyal  loan,  whidi  had  been  con- 
tracted during  tiie  revolution,  while 
loans  were  making  by  the  Cortes, 
I  do  not  think  it  uselsss  to  remove 
the  errors  and  ndsiepicsentations 
ontaiaed  in  your  article  of  the 
8th  instant. 

-  It  is  not  true,  Shr,  that  the  pro- 
]wrty,  which  his  Catholic  msjesty 
IS  about  to  restore  to  the  deny  of 
Spain,  afieots  the  guarantee  or  the 
loans  contracted  by  the  Cortes. 
The  question  at  present  is,  as  to 
the  propriety  of  restoring  lands 
iold  in  consequence  of  tl^  spoli- 
ation of  the  Cortes  during  the 
captivity  of  the  king,  and  which 
his  majesty  has  returned  to  their 
legitimate  possessors,  on  the 
mple  ground,  that  being  free 
upon  his  throne,  he  desires  that 
justice  should  be  placed  upon  its 
andent  footing. 

The  loans  of  the  Cortes  have 
no  other  guarantee  than  the  entire 
revenue  ct  Spain'—^  guarantee  at 


onoe  insu£Sdent  and  indeOnkft 
Their  surest  suarantee  rested  on 
the  success  of  the  revolution  in 
Spain,  and  the  effect  of  these 
loans  has,  properly  roeakin^  been, 
to  identify  the  lenoers  with  the 
views  and  opinions  of  the  revolu- 
tionists. Since  the  yrospeet  of 
soceesB  has  entirely  vanished,  the 
^irit  of  ]^arty-ignorattoe  still  per- 
sists in  misgtuding  public  opimoD, 
l^  endeavouring  to  persuade  the 
Spanish  people,  that  they  are 
obliged  to  fulfil  the  engagements 
ooatracted  by  their  oppressors,  and 
to  reimburse  those  depredations 
which  were  employed  to  enrich 
the  gaolers  of  the  king. 

Any  one  who  knows  the  flitu« 
ation  of  Spain,  and  possesses  good 
sense,  must  be  convinced  that  the 
admission  of  such  daims  would 
be  unanimously  relnx>bated  by  the 
Spanish  nation,  anid  could  not  be 
carried  into  effect.  His  Catholic 
majesty,  in  d^nitively  annulling 
these  Loans,  has  foUpwed  the 
eounsds  of  wisdom,  justice,  snd 
necessity;  for  the  king  of  %«in> 
whose  reputation  will  sooner  or 
later  come  out  purified  firom  tbe 
oalumnies  of  fsction^  is  desirous  of 
iei|piing  with  Spain— and  no^ 
against  &3ain! 

I  conccdve.  Sir,  that  I  oug^to 
avail  mysdf  of  this  opportumty  to 
answer  mis-statements,  and  com- 
municate the  truth,  respedingthe 
loans  erf  the  Cortes,  with  the 
single  view  of  informing  the  pub- 
lic I  may  add,  that  the  in**"^ 
ions  ffiven  to  the  Treasury-gencrsi, 
in  the  decree  which  ratifie*  m/ 
Ipan,  oondudes  in  these  wojd»— 
'  He  (Mr.  Guebhard)  is  at  Ubcrty 
to  make  such  arrangements  as  he 
may  judge  necessary  with  reject 
to  the  Rqjral  loan  ;  under  the  ^- 
press  condition,  that  he  will  take 
no  «tep  leading  to  a  recognition  » 


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C  H  R  O  N  I  C  L  t. 


Ud 


the  loans  made  by  the  sdf-stjled 
X^rtes  during  tke  pexiod  of  the 
xevolution." 

I  have  tiie  honour  to  be^  &c^ 

Louis  GUBBHARO. 

14.  In  the  nighty  a  terrible 
stonn  of  thunder  and  lightning, 
and  a  very  heavy  rain^  bwrst  over 
Messina.  The.water^  which  pour- 
ed in  torrents  from  the  surroimd- 
ing  hills,  entered  the  villages, 
tyverthrowing  and  laying  waste 
whatever  opposed  its  progress, 
destroying  churches,  mills,  maga- 
zines, cottages,  and  flocks,  and 
eovmng  the  fields  and  gardens 
with  steril  day  and  stones.  Many 
oi  the  inhabitants,  being  taken  l^ 
surprise,  fdl  victims  to  uns  sudden 
calamity.  The  waters  did  not 
wpaie  even  the  city  itself.  The 
damage  was  estimated  at  two 
millions  of  ounces.  The  niunber 
of  dead  bodies  found  was  331. 
Among  the  persons  who  perished 
were,  the  Cavaliere  Bandiere,  his 
wife,  and  their  five  young  children. 
The  villaj^of  the  Camere  Inferiori, 
€i  Granci,  Santo  Bordonaro,  Santa 
Luciay  San  Filippo,  suffered  great 
injury;  as  also  that  of  Annun- 
xiata,  ^e  church  of  which  was 
destroyed. 

15.  Court  op  Session  op 
Scotland. — Law  of  Marriage — 
A  case  of  considerable  importance 
to  the  law  of  marriage  was  decided 
by  the  second  division  of  the  court. 

The  following  were  the  facts  of 
the  case,  as  they  came  out  in  the 
pleadings  of  counsel  and  speeches 
of  the  judges.  A  was  a  maiden 
lady,  who  some  years  ago  suc- 
ceeded to  a  very  considerable  pro- 
perty. She  had  long  been  un- 
fortunately in  the  habit  of  drinking 
to  excess.  In  1818,  and  in  the 
51st  year  of  her  age,  she  resided 
at  N — ,  an  estate  distant  three 
miles  from  a  certain  burgh,  with 


her  nephew,  to  whom  B,  then 
affed  only  23,  was  gardener.  On 
the  evemng  of  the  30th  of  Mardi, 
1818,  the  parties  disappeared  from 
the  house,  and  proceeded  on  foot 
to  the  house  of  Mr.  M.,  one  of 
the  baillies  of  the  burgh,  in  whose 
house  B's  sister  resided,  in  the  ca- 
pacity of  a  servant  The  master  of 
the  house  was  from  home ;  but,  in 
his  absence,  another  baillie,  who 
was  ex  qfficio  a  justice  of  the  peace, 
and  the  procurator-fiscal  of  the 
justice  of  peace  court,  were  brought 
to  bailUe  M.'s  house,  and  there, 
upon  the  request  of  the  parties  to 
be  married,  the  procurator-fiscal 
preferred  an  indictment  against 
them,  chareinf  them  with  having 
been  irregularly  married,  contrazv 
to  the  act  l66l,  cap.  34;  to  whi(& 
indictment  they  pleaded  guilty,  by 
a  written  acbiowledgment,  sub- 
scribed by  themselves  and  the 
justice  of  peace. 

After  ^e  conclusion  of  the  cere- 
mony, B.  hurried  A.  away  to  the 
house  of  his  brother-in-law,  a 
tailor  in  a  viUase  at  some  distance. 
Here  she  was  visited  next  morning 
by  her  nephew,  who  had  come  in 
pursuit  of  her ;  but,  according  to 
his  account,  she  was  so  much  in- 
toxicated, that  he  could  have  re- 
moved her  only  by  force,  which 
was  not  safe,  or  even  practicable. 
In  the  tailor's  house  she  was  also 
visited  by  two  persons,  in  the  con- 
fidence of  the  nephew,  who  were 
convinced  from  what  they  ob- 
served, that  both  her  senses  and 
her  feelings  had  been  practised 
upon.  An  attempt  was  now  made 
by  B.  to  have  himself  and  A.  re- 
buked by  the  minister  of  the  parish, 
in  whidi  the  village  is  situated, 
for  an  irregular  marriage ;  but  the 
clergyman  refused  to  rebuke  them, 
on  the  score  that  they  were  not 
his    parishioners.      However,    in 


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ANHVAt  vaeO-ISTBR.        Crt» 


oonseqiieiice  -of  some  manoeuvre^ 
hQ  addressed  a  letter  to  the  then 
minttter  of  an  adjoining  parid^ 
who  came  out  of  the  bounds  of  his 
own  parish  to  the  village^  and 
there  not  only  rebuked  them,  but 
made  them  go  through  the  formal 
ceremony  of  marriage.  After  pa8»* 
ing  about  a  week  in  the  village 
(during  all  which  time  it  did  not 
appear  that  the  marriage  was  con- 
summated), the  parties  returned 
to  the  burgh,  with  the  design  th^ 
A.  should  receive  some  monies  in 
the  bank.  When  in  the  burgh, 
the  lady  escaped  from  B.,  and  fled 
to  the  house  of  a  relation,  from 
whence  she  effected  her  escape  to 
her  own  home,  at  N., — where  she 
obstinately  persisted  in  refusing  to 
return  to  B's  society. 

In  consequence  of  certain  pro- 
ceedings adopted  by  B,  the  lady 
thought  proper  to  raise  an  action 
against  him,  before  the  commis- 
saries of  declarator  of  freedom  and 
putting  to  silence.  He,  on  the 
other  hand,  raised  an  action  of 
declarator  of  marriage.  In  these 
actions  (which  were  conjoined),  A. 
pleaded,  ffenerally,  that  she  was  in 
a  state  of  intoxication  and  imbe- 
cility, at  the  time  when  those  pro- 
ceedings took  place,  which  were 
held  by  the  ower  party  to  con- 
stitute marriage,  d.  maintained 
the  validity  of  the  alleged  mar^ 
riage,  and  applied  to  the  court  of 
sesaon  by  bill  of  advocation,  which, 
having  been  advised  with  answers 
by  lorn  Crin^etie,  ordinary,  upon 
the  9th  of  May  last,  his  lord^p 
pronounced  against  the  marriage, 
and  refused  the  bill. 

The  case  came  now  to  be  ad- 
vised^  upon  petition  and  answers, 
by  the  inner  house,  when  the 
judges  severally  delivered  their 
opinions. 

Lord  Craigie  briefly  expressed 


his  conviction,  that  A.  was  in  a 
state  of  inebriety,  when  the  pre- 
tended  marmge  before  the  jorticf 
was  solemnized. 

Lord  Bobertson  went  over  the 
evidence  at  great  lengdi,  and  ex- 
pressed a  decided  opinion,  that  A, 
the  female  party,  neither  was,  nor 
could  have  been  sober,  when  ^ 

sham  ceremony  took  place  in ^ 

having  been  drunk  nine  days  pre^ 
viously,  having  drank  a  dK^npia 
of  spirits  that  &y,  besides  smaller 
guantities,  in  her  progress  to  the 
house  of  the  magistrate.  She  was 
seen  drunk  in  the  streets  imme- 
diately before  the  ceremony  took 
place,  by  two  witnesses;  tnd, 
after  the  ceremony,  she  was  seen 
by  another  witness  put  into  iht 
chaise  like  a  bundle  of  old  jna. 
Nor  was  there  Bay  doubt  in  nil 

mind,  that,  during  her  stay  at » 

she  had  been  h^t  in  a  state  of 
stiipefaction. 

Lord  Glenlee  signified  his  as- 
sent to  the  c^iinion  ddivered  br 
lord  Robertson. 

The  Lord  Justice  Clerk  ob- 
served, that  he  never  knew  of  s 
more  hideous  and  disgusting  caie 
than  the  present,  and  it  was  the 
more  so,  from  the  manner  in  which 
some  of  the  evidence  had  been 
given.  It  was  clearly  established) 
that,  before  the  sham  ceremony  and 
after  it,  Uie  puasuer  A.,  was^  in  a 
state  of  beastly  intoxication ;  andj 
from  the  quantity  of  qnrits  she 
had  drunk,  she  could  not  well 
have  been  otherwise.  As  to  her 
condition  during  the  cerenionj> 
there  was  direct  proof  that  she  was 
drunk  at  that  time.  With  le^ 
to  the  oflfer  of  new  proofs,  to 
listen  to  it  for  a  moment  woula 
only  be  consentii^  to  open  the  door 
for  a  flood  of  £ightnil  perjuiy* 
Who  were  the  persons  wanted  to 
be  examined  ?     The  very  peiwn* 


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151 


[  B>  dia  mot  vttitiire  to  ex#* 
nine  st  tiie  proper  stagey  and  b^* 
vlwm  A.  had  bean  kept  utduraaoe 
ipririle  in  the  Tillags^  The  oftr 
was  altcoether  TnamniwiMe  at  this 
fltue  of  the  pnxoM.  The  pto* 
oeoaings^  which  were  laid  to  oon« 
sdtQte  the  pietended  marriage, 
were  a  scandal  totiie  administnif 
tion  of  tiie  law  of  the  oountry. 

Petition  for  B,  die  male  partf, 
refused. 

It  was  stated  at  the  har^  by  t&e 
eoonsellbr  A,  that  she  had  already 
aetoally  expended  1,20(M.  upon  this 


sa  When  the  Courted  Session 
net,  John  Clerk,  of  Elden,  esq., 
advocate,  attended  in  the  first  m- 
innon,  and  presented  to  the  lord 
Pkesident  his  msjestj's  letter,  ap- 
pointing him  one  of  the  Judoes  of 
the  Supreme  court,  in  room  ou  lord 
Bannatyne,  resigned.  The  letter 
was  rettd  by  sir  Walter  Soott,  in 
presence  c^  their  lordships,  and  a 
great  number  of  leading  counsel 
and  agents.  Mr.  Clerk  then  re- 
tired with  lord  Pitmillj,  and  sat 
as  lord  Probationer,  and  afterwards 
vsported  a  case  to  the  first  division. 
tie  took  his  seat  as  one  of  the  lords 
ovdinary,  under  the  title  of  lord 
Eldin. 

£9.  Ms.  Canning's  Visit  vo 
Pltmouth.— A  special  meeting  of 
the  corporation  or  Pljrmouth  was 
held  on  Wednesday,  to  preaent  the 
freedom  of  the  borough  to  Mr. 
Canning. 

About  twelve  o'dodc  Mr.  Can* 
nine  entered  the  hall,  amidst  the 
kmSest  acclamations,  accompanied 
hf  the  recorder,  sir  W.  £l£9rd, 
hart.,  who  had  been  waiting  to  re- 
ocsve  him.  Mr.  Canning  having 
taken  his  seat  next  the  mayor,  the 
leoorder,  with  an  appropriate  ad- 
dress, presented  the  n^t  honour- 
jdftle  gei^entaa  with  t}ie  patent. 


endostd  in  a  handsome  box,  cut 
out  of.  a  very  fine  block  of  the 
Breakwater  marUe,  richly  set  in 
mkvet,  when 

Mr.  Canning  rose  and  delivered 
the  following  qpeech:^- 

*^  Mr.  Mayor  and  Gentlemen,— 
I  accept  with  thankfulness,  and- 
with  greater  satisfaction  than  I  can 
express,  this  flattering  testimony 
of  your  good  opinion  and  good  will. 
I  must  a^d,  that  the  value  of  the 
ffiflt  itself  has  been  greatly  en- 
hanced by  the  manner  in  which 
your  worthy  and  honourable  re- 
corder has  developed  the  motives 
which  suggested  it,  and  the  senti- 
ments v^ch  it  is  intended  to 
convey. 

"  Gentlemen,  your  Recorder  has 
said  very  truly,  that  whoever  in 
this  free  and  enlightened  state  aims 
at  political  emmence,  and  dis« 
charges  political  duties,  must  ex- 
pect to  nave  his  conduct  scruti- 
nised, and  every  action  of  his  pub- 
lic life  sifted  with  no  ordinary  jea- 
lousy, and  with  no  sparing  criti- 
cism ;  and  such  may  have  been  my 
lot  as  much  as  that  of  other  public 
men.  But,  sentlemen,  unmerited 
oUoquy  sdi£nn  fiedls  of  an  ade- 
quate, though  perhaps  tardy  com- 
pensation. I  must  think  myself, 
as  my  honourable  friend  has  said« 
eminently  fortunate,  if  such  com- 
pensation as  he  describes  has  fallen 
to  me  at  an  earlier  period  than  to 
many  odiers;  if  I  dare  flatter  my- 
self (as  his  partiality  has  flattened 
me),  that  the  sentiments,  that  3rou 
are  kind  enough  to  entertain  for 
me,  are  in  unison  with  those  of  the 
country — if,  in  addition  to  the  jus- 
tice done  me  by  my  friends,  I  may, 
as  he  has  assured  me,  rely  upon  a 
candid  construction,  even  from  po- 
litical opponents. 

"  But,  gentlemen,  the  secret  of 
such  a  result  does  not  lie  deep*    It 


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[IMS. 


consistfl  onlj  in  an  honest  and 
undeviating  pursuit  of  what  one 
conscientiously  believes  to  be  one's 
public  duty  —  a  pursuit  whidi 
steadily  continued,  will,  however 
detached  and  separate  parts  of  a 
man's  conduct  may  be  viewed  un- 
der the  influence  of  partialities  or 
I»ejudices,  obtain  for  it,  when  con- 
sidered as  a  whole,  the  approbation 
of  all  honest  and  honourable  minds. 
Any  man  may  occasionally  be  mis- 
taken as  to  the  means  most  con- 
ducive to  the  end  which  he  has 
in  view ;  but  if  the  end  be  just 
and  praiseworthy,  it  is  by  that  that 
he  will  be  ultimately  judged,  ei- 
ther by  his  contemporaries  or  by 
posterity. 

"Gentlemen,  the  end  which  I 
confess  I  have  always  had  in  view, 
and  which  appears  to  me  the  legi- 
timate object  of  pursuit  to  a  Bri- 
tish statesman,  I  can  describe  in 
one  word.  The  language  of  mo- 
dem philosophy  is  widely  and  dif- 
fusely benevolent ;  it  professes  the 
perfection  of  our  species,  and  the 
amelioration  of  the  lot  of  all  man- 
kind. Gentlemen,  I  hope  that  my 
heart  beats  as  high  for  the  general 
interest  of  humanity — I  hope  that 
I  have  as  friendly  a  disposition  to- 
wards other  nations  of  the  earth, 
as  any  one  who  vaunts  his  philan- 
thropy most  highly;  but  I  am 
contented  to  confess,  that,  in  the 
conduct  of  political  affairs,  the 
prand  object  of  my  contemplation 
IS  the  interest  of  England. 

*'  Not,  gentlemen,  that  the  inter- 
est of  England  is  an  interest 
which  8tan&  isolated  and  alone. 
The  situation,  which  she  holds,  for- 
bids an  exclusive  selfishness;  her 
prosperity  must  contribute  to  the 
pro^peri^  of  other  nations,  and  her 
stability  to  the  safety  of  the  world. 
But,  intimately  connected  as  we  are 
with  the  system  of  Europe,  it  does 


notfoQow  that  we  are  tlievefin 
called  upon  to  mixoursdves  (mevdcf 
occasion  witharestlessandmeddHiig 
activity,  in  the  oonoems  of  the  na- 
tions which  surround  us.  It  is 
upon  a  just  balance  of  oonflietiag 
duties,  and  of  rival  but  soaietimet 
incompatible  advantages,  that  ft 
government  must  ju^^  when  to 
put  forth  its  strength,  and  when 
to  husband  it  for  occasions  yet  to 
come. 

''  Our  ultimate  object  must  be 
the  peace  of  the  world.  That  ob- 
ject may  sometimes  be  best  attain- 
ed by  prompt  exertions — some- 
times by  abstinence  from  interposi- 
tion in  contests  which  we  cannot 
prevent.  It  is  upon  these  princi- 
ples that,  as  has  been  most  truly 
observed  by  my  worthy  friend,  it 
did  not  appear  to  the  government 
of  this  country  to  be  neoessaiy, 
that  Great  Britain  should  min^ 
in  the  recent  contest  between 
France  and  Spain. 

"  Your  worthy  Recorder  has 
accurately  classed  the  persons,  who 
would  have  driven  us  into  that 
contest.  There  weie  undoubtedly 
among  them  those  who  desired  to 
plunge  this  country  into  the  diffi- 
culties of  war,  pertly  from  the 
hope  that  those  difficulties  would 
overwhelm  the  administration ; 
but  it  would  be  most  unjust  not 
to  a^nit  that  there  were  others 
who  were  actuated  by  nobler  piii- 
ciples  and  more  generous  feelings, 
who  would  have  rushed  forward 
at  once  from  the  sense  of  indigna- 
tion at  aggression,  and  who  deem- 
ed that  no  act  of  injustice  could  be 
perpetrated  from  one  end  of  the 
universe  to  the  other,  but  that  the 
sword  of  Great  Britain  should  Itwp 
from  its  scabbard  to  avenge  it 
But  as  it  is  the  province  c?  law 
to  control  the  excess  even  of 
laudable  passions   and    propensi- 


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CHRONICLE. 


168 


tin  in  indiviAiaUy  io  it  is  the 
iotj  of,  govenunent  to  restrain 
within  due  bounds  the  einillition 
of  natioml  sentiiaent,  and  to  »- 
pukte  the  oouoe  and  direction  of 
impulses  which  it  cannot  Uame. 
Is  there  waj  one  anums  the  latter 
dass.  of  persons  descmed  hy  my 
hon.  &iend  {for  to  the  former  I 
haTe  nothing  to  say),  ,who  conti- 
nues to  doubt  wheliier  the  govern- 
ment  did  wisely  in  declining  to 
obey  the  precipitate  enthusiasm 
wh»ch  prevailed  at  the  commence- 
ment  of  the  contest  in  Spain? 
Is  there  any  body  who  does  not 
BOW  think,  that  it  was  the  office 
of  ibe  government  to  examine 
more  closely  all  the  various  bear- 
ings of  so  complicated  a  ques* 
turn,  to  consider  whether  th^ 
weie  called  upon  to  assist  a 
united  nation,  or  to  plunge  them- 
selves into  the  internal  feuds  hy 
which  that  nation  was  divided-^ 
to  aid  in  repelliug  a  foreign  in- 
vader, or  to  take  part  in  a  civil 
war?  Is  there  any  man  that 
does  not  now  see,  what  would 
have  been  the  extent  of  burthens 
that  would  have  been  cast  upon 
tiiis  country?  Is  there  any  one 
who  does  not  acknowledge,  that 
under  such  drcumstanoes  the  en- 
terprise would  have  been  one  to 
be  characterixed  only  by  a  term 
borrowed  horn  that  part  of  the 
Spanish  literature  with  which  we 
are  most  familiar— Quixotic — an 
enterprise  romantic  in  its  origin, 
and  Uianklessin  the  end  ? 

''  But  while  we  thus  control 
even  our  feelings  by  our  duty,  let 
it  not  be  said,  that  we  cultivate 
peace,  ^ther  because  we  fear,  or 
because  we  are  unprepared  for 
war;  on  the  contrary,  if  ei^ 
months  ago  the  government  did 
not  hesitate  to  proclaim  that  the 


oountry  was  prepared  for  war,  if 
war  should  imfortunately  be  ne- 
cessary, every  month  of  peace  that 
has  mnce  passed  has  but  made  us 
so  much  ihe  more  capable  of  exer- 
tion. The  resources  created  1^ 
peace  are  means  of  war.  In 
dieriflhing  those  resources,  we 
but  accumulate  those  means. .  Our 
present  repose  is  no  more  a  proof 
of  inability  to  act,  than  the  state 
of  inertness  and  inactivity  in 
which  I  have  seen  those  rxdghty 
masses  that  float  in  the  waters 
above  your  town,  is  a  proof  they 
are  devoid  of  strength,  and  in- 
capable of  being  fitted  for  action. 
You  well  know,  gentlemen,  how 
soon  one  of  those  stupendous  masses 
now  reposing  on  their  shadows  in 
perfect  stillness — ^how  soon  upon 
any  call  ci  patriotism,  or  of  neces- 
sity, it  would  assume  the  likeness 
of  an  animated  thing — instinct 
with  life  and  motion — how  so6n  it 
would  ruffle,  as  it  were,  its  swell- 
ing plumage— how  quickly  it  would 
put  forth  all  its  beauty  and  its  bra- 
very—collect  its  scattered  elemento 
of  strength,  and  awaken  its  dor* 
mant  thunder.  Such  as  is  one 
of  these  magnificent  machines 
when  springing  firom  inaction  'into 
a  display  <n  its  might  —  such  is 
England  herself,  wmle  apparently 
passive  and  motionless  she  silently 
concentrates  the  power  to  he 
put  forth  on  an  adequate  occ»* 
sion.  But  God  forbid  that  that 
occasion  should  arise.  Af^  a  war 
sustained  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a 
century — sometimes  single-handed, 
and  with  all  Europe  arranged  at 
times  against  her  or  at  her  side, 
Enffland  needs  a  period  of  tran- 
quifiity,  and  may  enjoy  it  without 
fear  of  misconstruction.  Long 
may  we  be  enabled,  gentlemen, 
to  improve  die  blessings  of  our 


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ANHUAi;  REGISTER.        \ym 


piownt  ntuatkm,  to  coMvate  dw 
dts  of  peace,  to  give  to  oommeiws 
now  reviving,  greater  txtenstoo 
and  new  ninene  of  euipluy  uieDt» 
and  lo  connrm  the  proepexitT  now 
^nerally  diffiised  mxougfaout  tfait 
iflland.  Of  tiie  blessing  of  peace, 
gentlemen,  I  tmst  ^t  this  bo- 
rough, with  which  I  have  now  tiie 
boiMiir  and  happiness  of  being  as* 
sodated,  will  receive  an  ample 
share.  I  trust  the  time  is  not  far 
distuit,  when  tJiat  noble  structure, 
d  which,  as  I  learn  from  your  Be* 
eorder,  Uie  box  with  which  you 
kave  honoured  me,  through 'ins 
hands,  formed  a  part,  that  giAantio 
banier  against  the  fiiry  of  the 
waves  that  roll  into  your  harbour^ 
will  protect  a  commercial  marine 
not  less  considerable  in  its  kind 
than  the  wariiike  marine  of  which 
your  port  has  been  Icmg  so  distin- 
guished an  asylum,  when  the  town 
of  Pfymouth  will  participate  in  the 
eonnnercial  prosperity  as  largely 
as  it  has  hitherto  done  in  the  naval 
Ivories  of  England." 

Mr.  Canning  sat  down  urndst 
bursts  of  chemng^  which  lasted 
far  sevend  minutes.  Af^r  the 
a|iplause  subsided,  the  meeting 
di^rsed.  The  populace,  who 
had  collected  outside  Gtdld-hall 
in  ffreat  numbers,  most  enthusias- 
tically cheered  the  right  hon.  gen- 
tleman, both  as  he  entered  and 
retired  from  the  hall.  In  addition 
to  the  right  hon.  the  earl  of'  Morlc^, 
Mr.  Canning  was  accompanied  finom 
Saltramby  Mrs.  and  Miss  Canning, 
lord  and  lady  Granville,  IcH^d  How- 
ard, lord  George  Bentinck,  Mr. 
Stuart  Wortl^,  and  seveial  otha* 
persons  of  distinction. 

Frjbnoh  Advooateb^'^A  cu- 
rious instance  of  the  vehemence  of 
the  French  advocates  is  recovded  in 
the  r^KNTt  e£  a  late  trial     The 


oonnid  £9r 
eased  of  the  mmdor*  of  her  ham 
hud,  in  the  oomoie  of  tiie  int 
gnarter  of' an  boor,  workad  hinself 
into  such  a  heat,  that  ha  was  teosd 
tostop;  and  the  proceedingi  weai 
snspendfid,  while  he  west  out  to 
take  a.  walk  on  the  teoBOceai  ths 
cx>oft-hoase,  aooonyanied,  sqrs  ths 
pqwr,  by  his  wife  aad  dan^tUr. 

30.  Fbamxpobix— -The  polios 
of  MunichhasseiaedDr.  TschiBw's 
pamphlet,  "^  TheRetom  of  Catholic 
Christians  in  the  Grand  Duchy  of 
Baden  to  EvangelioalChristiui^,'' 
because  it  contains  obsenatioil 
derogatoiy  to  the  dogmas  and  n» 
gu]i£ons  of  the  Catholk  diurdt 
A  new  sect  has  appeared  in  die 
Swiss  valleys  of  GhondelwaU^  Am 
to  Ae  followers  of  which,  if  whti 
is  related  of  them  be  true,  it  wooU 
be  doing  too  mudi  honour  to  cbU 
them*  religious  visionaries.  As 
they  would  not  listen  to  any  ev 
postulation,  the  magistrates  have 
sent  them  to  a  mad-hoose. 


DECEMBER. 

Chhcbsb  AnvEBTiBBnKr*— 
The  following  is  an  advertisemeBti 
extracted  firam  a  periodical  paper 
miUished  in  Canton :— **  I,  Achea 
Tea  Chindieu,  a  lineal  descend^ 
ciCaap  Boi  Roche  Chindieu^  w 
odebnUed  sculptor  and  carver  m 
wood,  who,  throu^  his  nvt^ 
mited  studies  to  promote  ratioo^ 
religious  worsh^i,  by  the  daiom 
touches  of  his  knife  and  chise!,  a^ 
been  honoured  by  emperors,  tojf^ 
and  rajahs  of  die  east,  and  supply 
them  with  superior  idnis  ^P"^ 
and  domestic  wordup,  now  huml"^ 
oAer  my  services  in  the  same  ^^ 
logical  line,  having  travelled  ttc^ 
hence  at  a  oonsideiaUe  expeof^ 


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CMBONLCLE. 


169 


in  oopying  the  most  jRdceitil  atti<r 
tudes  of  ue  buoMii  &uee^  uodei 
thoaa  able  siastero  NoJlelDsnS'  and 
Baoon.  Aoheu  Tea  Chinclieu  is 
BOiriii  posaesskm  of  casts  of  tlie 
moft  iq[ypraTed  models  axid  £]gia 
marMpit ;  he  is  ready  to  execute  to 
oxder,  idols  from  twelve  feet  highi 
well  proportkmed^  down  to  thtf 
sixe  A  a  manaoset  monk^>  or 
the  most  hideous  monster  thirt  can 
t)e  conceived  to  inspire  aweor  reve- 
xenoe  for  reliekm.  My  charges  ^re 
Bioderate :  &r  aa  ourang  outaog^ 
three  feet  hi^  700  doUus ;  ditto 
ran^ant,  800;  a  sphinx,  400;  a 
Inilly  with  hump  and  horns,  §50; 
a  buffido,  800;  a  dog,  200;  ^tto 
coachant,  150;  and  an  ass,  in  a 
braying  attitude,  850.  The  most 
duxahle  materials  will  be  used.  Of 
statuary  granite,  brass,  and  oojqper, 
I  have  provided  sufficient  to  com- 
pleteordexs  to  any  extent.  Perish- 
able wood  shall  never  disgrace  a 
deity  made  by  my  hands.  Poste- 
rity may  see  the  objects  of  their 
faUier^s  devotions  unsullied  by  the 
inclemencies  of  the  seasons,  tha 
embraces  of  pious  pilgrims,  or  their 
tears  on  the  solomi  prostrations 
before  them.  Small  idols  for  do- 
mestic worship,  or  made  into  port* 
able  compass  for  pilgrims;  the 
{urice  will  be  proportionate  to  the 
sirc  and  weight.  Any  order,  post 
paid,  accompanied  by  a  dzawing 
and  dessr^tion  of  the  idol,  wiU 
be  promptly  attended  to,  provided 
that  one  half  of  the  expense  be 
first  paid,  and  the  remainder  se- 
curea  by  any  respectable  house  in 
Cant<m." 

Dmcovbby  of  a  Rc»f  an  Town, 
&c — (From  ^  Caledonian  Mer* 
cury.y—ln  the  parish  of  Strath^ 
mi^o,  Fifeshire,  there  were  lately 
^ug  up,  within  four  feet  of  the 
Bu&oe,  six  branse  vessels  of  di& 


Itrent  cApsficit^,  from  1^  mntd^ 
Ids  Scots,  to  10  pints  Scots,  os 
SO  gslkms  English,  unmiesdonal^ 
o£  Roman  antiquity,  lliese  proved 
to  be  only  a  presage  to  sti^  greato 
disooveries  reoeiitly  made.  A 
Soman  town,  the  Urb*  Orea  of 
Tacitmand  Ptolemy,  has  been  dis* 
eoveeed  at  a  diort  distanoe,  co»> 
sistiag  of  about  80  houses,  in  tiuei 
rows,  whose  foundations  aise  yel 
distinctly  visible,  with  ihe  frag* 
ments  of  tiiree  or  ftnir  difbrent 
specimens  of  urns,  feond  about 
these  ancient  ruins.  About  a  mi^c 
west,  about  40  bnnifle  Roman 
military  weapons  of  different  Idnds 
have  been  found  aU  lyii^  tOMther. 
A  little  to  the  north,  a  Roman 
urn,  and  t^iro  Roman  ooinsi  have 
been  recently  j^hed  up,  one  of 
them  of  the  emperor  Doniitien^  in 
axeellentpreservatioB.  The  most 
remarkable  thing  about  &e  new 
discovered  town  Orea,  is  a  atii* 
pendens  triangular  table,  eutont 
of  the  freestfme  rock,  upon  a  pe* 
destal  and  pillar,  and  standings 
with  little  alteration,  as  the 
Romans  had  letf^it. 

15.  CHELlf8M>R]>.-^One  PalkH 
was  executed  for  the  murder  of  a 
Mr.  MumfcMrd.  The  fcdbwing  is 
the  voluntary  confession,  which  he 
made  to  his  attendants,  on  the  eve 
of  his  execution:-^ 

*'  I  had  been  drinking  widi  one 
Kidman  at  the  Coadi  and  HorBOs> 
Quendon,  all  the  afternoon,  and 
was  somewhat  inflamed  with  liquor. 
From  this  place  we  both  started 
with  the  intent  of  going  to  New- 
port to  ffet  sand.  Iwas  ridingoo 
Kidman  s  donkey,  and  he  was  beat^ 
ing  it  with  his  oyster  measunSi 
When  we  came  toof^podte  Quendon 
Want-lane,  we  observed  some  one 
go  down.  Kidman  went  forward 
to  see  who  it  was,  and  on  his  return 
said,  "  It  is  Jem  Mumfeid."    Kid* 


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ANNUAL  REGISTER.        Cms. 


man  then  lent  me  bis  knife  to  cut 
a  stick,  and  I  said,  "  D — n  liim 
be  shall  have  it"  I  got  off  the 
donkey,  and  followed  Mumford 
down  the  lane.  Kidman  left  me, 
and  proceeded  through  the  turn- 
pike. I  overtook  N&.  Mumford 
upon  a  hill,  without  his  perceiving 
me,  and  struck  him  a  bbw  on  the 
head ;  hut  he  did  not  fiedl  from  the 
first  blow :  I  then  struck  him  again, 
and  he  fell.  When  down,  1  re- 
peated the  blows  with  the  stick, 
until  he  was  incapable  of  reastance. 
Having  so  done,  I  felt  in  his 
pockets,  and  took  out' the  knife, 
which  betrajed  me,  and  put  it 
into  mj  own  pocket.  Mr.  Mum- 
ford had  his  great  coat  upon  his 
arm,  which  I  took,  and  also  seve- 
ral small  things  which  were  in  his 
pocket ;  what  they  were  I  do  not 
recollect :  these  I  carried  into  the 
turnip  field  adjoining.  I  then  sat 
down  upon  a  piece  of  wheat,  and 
stuck  the  stick  in  the  ground  by 
my  side.  I  began  to  reflect ;  for 
it  was  not  my  intention,  at  first, 
to  have  committed  murder,  but 
only  to  beat  him  severely ;  and  I 
placed  my  two  hands  upon  my 
nice,  saying  to  myself  "  Grood 
Crod !  what  have  I  been  doing  ?** 
About  this  time,  I  heard  the  tram- 
pling of  a  horse ;  he  stopped  at  the 
spot  where  I  left  Mr.  Mumford, 
and  shortly  after  I  heard  the  horse 
return.  I  Uien  returned  to  the 
body,  forgetting  that  I  had  put 
the  Imife  m  my  pocket ;  I  kneeled 
down  upon  one  knee,  raised 
Mr.  Mumford,  and  set  him  upon 
the  other,  and  rested  his  chin  upon 
my  left  shoulder,  when  the  blood 
poured  down  my  neck  in  torrents, 
and  made  Uie  collar  of  my  shirt  in 
the  state  it  was  when  the  persons 
came  up.  I  next  took  the  body  on 
my  back,  and  proceeded  on  my  way 
to  Widdington,  under  the  impres- 


sion, that  I  should  be  aUe  to  con* 
vince  the  family  that  I  found  him, 
and  was  performing  a  friendlj 
office.  In  my  way,  I  was  met  by 
four  men,  and  soon  after  a  can 
came.  When  I  came  to  the  public- 
house,  I  placed  the  body  on  a 
chair,  but  it  fell,  and  I  endea- 
voured  to  place  it  there  aaain. 
Mrs.  Whisken,  the  landlady  of  the 
publie-house,  found  a  mark  upon 
Mr.  Mumford's  shirt,  which  satis- 
fied Uiose  present  it  was  Jem  Mum* 
ford.  I  then  left  the  room  to  wadi 
the  Uood  firom  my  face,  which  1 
did  as  well  as  I  could,  and  after- 
wards returned  to  the  tap-room« 
where,  shortly  aft^r,  I  was  taken 
into  custody." 

17.  CouHT  OP  Kino's  Bench. 
--^Savory  v.  Price. — This  was  an 
action  %  Mr.  Savory,  chymist, 
in  Bond-street,  to  recover  damages 
for  the  infringement  of  his  patent 
for  the  manufacture  of  Seidlits 
Powders,  against  Messrs.  Price 
and  Son,  chymists,  of  Leadenhall- 
street. 

The  patent  and  specification 
were  put  in  evidence.  The  latter 
comprised  three  recipes  of  mudi 
apparent  complexity,  and  appli- 
cable to  very  large  quantities  of 
the  different  ingr^ents. 

Mr.  Thomas  Gr^;ory  Briggs, 
was  then  examined. — He  was 
derk  to  the  plaintiff  and  his  part- 
ners, Messrs.  Moore  and  Davidson, 
by  whom  the  Seidlitx  Powders 
were  manufactured  and  sold  at 
4#.  6d.  a  box,  on  which  there  was 
a  stamp  duty  of  &2.  On  April 
18th,  m  last  year,  he  went  to 
the  shop  of  the  defendants,  and 
inquired  for  a  box  of  Patent  Seid- 
UtE  Powders,  which  he  received 
firom  Mr.  Price,  jun.,  and  for 
which  he  paid  4^ .  6d.  The  box 
was  marked  ''Patent  Seidlits 
Powders,  sold  by  Price  and  Co." 


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167 


He  went  aemn  on  Wedsoea^i 
the  17th  of  Aprils  when  he  asked 
for  another  box  of  the  Patent 
Seiffits  Powders^  and  reoeiyed  a 
hax,  afyparently  the  same  8sbefore> 
except  that  the  word  "  improved" 
was  sttbsdtuted  for  the  word  "  pa- 
tent." He  paid  4s,  6d.  for  it>  and 
brought  it  away.  On  the  following 
he  went  again>  and  observed  that 
day  the  last  box  was  not  the  same 
with  that  which  he  had  before,  be- 
cause of  the  different  endorsement ; 
Mr.  Price  said  they  were  exactly 
the  same.  He  save  the  boxes  to  Mr. 
Faraday,  of  tbe  Royal  Institution 
to  analyse,  and  recdved  them  back 
from  him. 

Mr.  Faraday,  chymical  assistant 
to.  the  Royal  Institution,  said  he 
analyzed  ihe  two  boxes  of  Seidlits 
Powders  given  to  him  by  the  wit* 
neas  Brim.  They  were  both  as 
much  a^e  as  such  preparations 
could  be.  He  also  Analysed  a 
box  given  to  him  by  Mr.  Savory, 
and  found  it  to  be  the  same  as 
the  defendant's.  He  had  ex- 
amined the  specification,  and 
found,  that  it  would  enable  a 
practical  chymist  to  produce  these 
powders,  and  that  the  powders 
corresponded  with  the  description. 

On  cross-examination,  Mr. 
Faraday  said,  he  had  not  analyzed 
the  Seidlits  waters,  nor  knew  any 
one  who  had ;  one  great  authority 
laid,  they  contained  muriate  o€ 
magnesia,  the  other  held  the  con* 
trary.  Ail  the  authorities  agreed, 
that  they  contained  sulphate  of 
magnesia,  which  is  called  Epsom 
salts.  There  was  no  sulphate  of 
lime  in  the  specification;  there 
was  in  the  waters.  With  the  ex* 
eeption  of  soda,  there  was  no 
ingredient  in  the  powders  which 
was  Qontained  in  the  waters ;  how 
&r  the  medicinal  properties  of  .the 
two  might  be  similar,  he  could 


not  say;  the  chymical  propevtitt 
were  unquestionably  dinerent; 
The  result  of  the  first  recipe  in 
the  spedficatbn  was  RocheUe 
salts;  the  result  of  the  second 
recipe,  bicarbonate,  formerly  caUed 
supercarbonate  of  soda ;  the  result 
of  the  third  recipe,  tartaric  add* 
Rochelle  salts  were  known  pre- 
viously to  the  patent ;  tartaric  add 
was  always  produced  by  the  mean* 
set  forth ;  and  supercarbonate  of 
soda  might  have  been  procturied 
at  the  cbymist's  before  1815  in  a 
perfect  form.  Before  that  time  it 
was  not  unusual  to  mix  an  add 
with  alkali,  in  order  to  produce  an 
effervescent  drau^t. 

The  Lord  Chief  Justice.— If  I 
were  to  take  two  scruples  of 
Rochelle  salts,  two  scruples  of  tar- 
taric acid,  and  two  scruples  of  su- 
percarbonate of  soda,  and  mix 
them  together,  would  they  not 
produce  exactly  the  same  result  as 
this  elaborate  process? 

Mr.  Faraday  replied,  they  cer- 
tainly would  produce  the  same 
result.  On  looking  at  the  specifi- 
cation, he  added,  that  the  same 
results  might  be  produced,  thou^ 
the  proportions  of  the  ingredients 
were  different;  but  then  there 
would  be  a  renduutn,  which  it 
would  be  nec^sary  to  separate. 
The  mode  pointed  out,  of  pro- 
ducing tartaric  acid,  was  not  the 
best,  nor  that  which  waa  now 
usually  adopted. 

The  Lord  Chief  Justice  ex- 
pressed a  strong  opinion,  that  ^e 
patent  could  not  t^  supported.  It 
was  the  duty  of  every  j^itentee  to 
set  forth  in  his  ^dfication,  in  the 
plainest  and  most  intelligible  lan- 
guage, the  manner  of  composing 
the  artide  in  question.  Now  it 
appeared,  that  the  union  of  three 
common  ingredients^  to  be  obtained 
by  any  man  in  any  cbymist's  diop« 


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ANNUAL  RRJGISTER^        ivm. 


moM  prddiioe  these  powdacs; 
mbsf,  tken^  was  thare  all  tfais 
alabocBtie  mystery  ? 

Mr.  Sonrlett  begged  leave> 
befiae  the  cause  was  decided^  to 
aak  s  few  questbns  of  Dr.  Pow« 
dL  That  ^3^eian  was  aooord- 
i^ly  calkd^  and  stated,  that  in 
i&9  he  translated  the  London 
Fharmaoopceia^  and  then  tartaric 
acid  had  no  place  there  by  that 
name.  Before  1815,  bxcazbonate 
of  soda  and  Rochelle  salts  wem 
commonly  sold.  If  you  took  two 
seniles  of  supercarbonate  of  soda, 
two  scrupks  of  Rochelle  salts, 
and  two  scruples  of  tartaric  add, 
and  dissolved  them  in  half  a  pint 
of  ^ring  water,  they  would  pro- 
duce the  same  result  as  the  Seidlits 
Powders. 

The  Lord  Chief  Ju8tioe.~Theii 
I  am  clearly  of  o^nion,  that  the 
plaintiff  must  be  nonsuited.  He 
was  bound  to  set  forth  the  plainest 
and  simplest  mode  of  manu- 
facturing his  invention;  he  has 
not  done  so ;  and  he  cannot  sustain 
an  ezduRve  ririit  to  sell  it 

The  plaintiff  was  acoordizi^ 
nonsuited. 

19.  Admiraltt  Sbssions.-— 
Aaron  Smith  was  arraigned  on  two 
indictments  for  jMracy. 

The  first  charged  him  with 
having,  on  the  7th  of  August, 
1822,  seven  leagues  off  the  idand 
of  Cuba,  in  the  West-Indies,  fdo- 
niously  and  privately  boarded  a 
certain  brig  called  die  Victoria, 
assaulted  several  of  the  crew,  put 
Ihem  in  fear  of  their  lives,  and 
also,  with  having  fekmioualy 
taken  possession  of  and  stolen  the 
said  }mg  and  careo. 

The  second  indictment  charged 
him  with  having,  on  the  same 
day,  in  company  with  sev^sl  per- 
sons unknown,  fohmiously  and 
piratically    boarded     and    taken 


poflsession  of  the  ksk  Indiistiyl 
To  eadi  of  these  mt  prisonev 
pfeflded  ''NotguilQr." 

Edward  Sad&r,  examined  by  the 
Attomey-generaL— 'I  sailed  kit 
year  as  chief  mate  of  the  Victorou 
We  set  out  on  our  return  voyage 
on  the  27th  of  July :  on  the  7* 
of  August,  we  were  off  tiie  islsal 
of  CuJ^  In  the  morning,  about 
nine,  we  observed  a  scfaoooev 
under  the  land.  There  wal 
another  brig  in  company  with  ntf 
but  she  was  nearer  the  shore. 
About  11  o'clock,  we  saw  As 
schooner  board  and  take  possesnM 
of  her.  She  afterwards  made  sidl 
towards  us,  and  fo?ed  a  ffun.  Ws 
hoisted  an  English  ensign.  She 
fired  a  second  gun,  and  ^en  w6 
hove  ta  A  boat  firam  the  scfacN>* 
ner,  with  four  men  on  houA 
came  alcmgside  and  boaidel  wi 
The  men  were  armed  with  looi 
knives  andinstols,  and  somehsd 
swocds.  The  prisoner  had  coat* 
mand  of  the  boat,  he  was  sit- 
i&as  in  her;  ^  othen  woe 
pumng.  He  was  mudi  disffoisei^ 
his  face  was  blacked  as  n  wA 
ffunpowder.  I  knew  his  voi0» 
havmg  been  acquainted  with  hisii 
when  he  was  chief  mate  of  the 
Latona.  He  inquired  for  ^ 
^ptain,  and  first  and  second  mate. 
The  captain,  myself^  and  seooiii 
mate,  were  on  dedc  He  ordered 
us  into  the  boat,  and  to  go  on 
board  the  schooner.  The  captaiB 
asked,  what  character  the  veaiJ 
was,  and  the  prisoner  siud,  '*Oo 
on  board,  and  you'll  soon  see." 
He  also  ordered  the  captain  to 
cany  the  ship's  papers  with  hoB- 
He  then  oid^ed  three  men  of  Ac 
Victoria  to  go  in  his  boat  and  row 
to  the  schooner,  and  directed 
his  own  men  and  the  rest  rf  oar 
crew  to  make  sidl  with  our  brig* 
He  fired  a.  musket  amongst  ear 


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IdfiC.| 


<>  Hil  O  f»  l:^  hE. 


m 


■,  to  enfiaroe  his 
WBen  he  first  boarded  us,  h^  drew 
his  cutlass.  The  schooner  was  a^ 
this  time  cbse  alongside  of  us.  We 
wont  on  hoard  the  schooner^  and 
was  ordnc^  before  the  person  who 
l^id  the  conunand  of  it.  He  Mif9$ 
oo  the  quarter  deck.  The  schooner 
had  North  American  colours  ^jing 
all  the  time.  She  was  armed  with 
one  hnig  gun,  a  mid-ship,  on  <^ 
fwivel,  and  three  or  four  oth^n 
aft.  Her  crew  consisted  of  S5  or 
40  men.  It  was  about  ime  in  the 
aQemoon,  when  we  got  on  board. 
i  saw  the  prisoner  come  on  boaid 
iran  the  Victoria  in  the  eveainfl^ 
with  my  boat-cloak  on  him.  He 
walked  about  in  it,  and  said  it  fitted 
him  ezactlj.  He  then  took  a 
watch  of  mine  ^ut  of  his  pockety 
gave  it  to  the  captain  of  the 
schooner,  and  saicC  ^hat  there 
were  more  on  board,  but  he 
brought  only  that  one.  He  gave 
it  in  change,  along  with  some  oth/er 
property,  to  a  person  named  An^ 
tonio,  a  Spaniard,  one  of  the 
scfaocmer's  prew*  Prisoner  then 
ord^xed  us  to  gobelow,and  I  went 
alon^  with  our  captain  and  some 
more  <^  the  crew.  A  guard  was 
placed  over  the  hatches.  I  did 
not  see  any  more  of  our  crew  till 
manning.  About  midnight,  the 
captain  of  the  schooner  came  to 
the  fore  hatchway,  fmd  ordered 
one  of  the  '' prisoners"  to  come 
up.  In  the  morning,  I  saw  the 
prisoner  on  the  main  deck.  I  did 
not  Uien  see  the  captain,  whom  I 
saw  the  night  before.  The  crew 
(of  the  schixmer)  seemed  to  hold 
a  council  of  war  amongst  them- 
selves after  which  I  saw  one  of 
them  take  a  cutlass  by  the  point, 
and  deliver  it  to  the  prismer. 
After .  this  the  prisoner  gave 
<Hdex8,  and  iqppeaxed  to  act  as 
captain. 


WpUam  -^^itunos  '(|#ar^%  .di^ 
commander  of  the  Victoria*  cqies^? 
borated  the  aocount  j^ven  lyr  the 
last  witi^Qsi^  and 

Georae  Lewis,  a  seaman,  d^jpfr 
ed  in  ^imstance  to  the  nma  iaOs.  - 
.  ThepQs^ner  thenmioceeded  Uf 
read  his  defimqe,  w)jdm  wjss  to  thif 
efiect; — ^He  w«3  on  his  reliim 
home  from  Jamaica  to  K^glan^ 
when  he  was  forcibly  takei^  {am 
the  brig  Zephyr  by  the  oaptaia  ef 
the  pirate  beoiioee  he  w^s  sUUed 
in  seamanship,  and  might  be  use* 
ful  to  him  .in  writing.  Whan  on 
board,h6  wfis  threatened  withdeat^ 
in  eyeiy  shape.  Swosds  wer^  held 
over  hun,  and  pistols  presented  fit 
him,  whem^ver  he  showed  the  leas^ 
disinplinatiitin  to  do  any  thiiur 
which  the  pirates  ordered.  Oa 
one  occasioiic  when  a  strange  sail 
hove  in  ^ght  of  the  schooner,  he 
was  brought  on  deck  and  tied  to 
the  mast.  Several  cartridges  of 
powder  w^re  then  brought  and  put 
about  his  feet*  He  was  told  he 
should  be  blown  to  pieces,  if  he  for 
a  moment  hesitated  to  tike  an  ao« 
tive  part  in  the  proceedings  of  the 
crew.  They  tb^  laid  a  train  to 
the  powder,  and  set  fire  to  it,  liy 
whidi  both  priKmer^s  legs  were 
dreadfully  scorched.  He  had  had 
an  exam]^  before  him  of  the  little 
mercy  which  the  pirates  were  in- 
clined to  show  those,  upon  whose 
services  they  thou^t  they  oouM 
not  depend.  One  man,  who  was 
thus  dreumstanced,  he  saw  killed 
before  his  fooe.  He  was  dread- 
fully wounded,  then  stripped 
md^ed,  eiqiesed  to  the  sun,  the 
mosquitos,  and  sand  flies,  and  in 
that  state,  left  to  perish.  He 
begged  of  the  jury  to  consider, 
that  he  himself  had  no  interest 
in  joining  the  pirato's  crew.  He 
never  sirred  any  of  their  spml. 
All  the  time  he  waa  with  them,.he 


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ANNUAL  REGISTER.        [mt. 


ims  eadfommmg  to  make  his  es- 
cape^ but  withoat  mcceeB,  until 
0ne  night,  when  the  captdn  was 
ill  of  a  fever,  he  got  away  in  his 
flhht,  and  without  any  part  of  the 
property,  in  which,  had  he  re- 
ttained,  he  would  have  been  enti- 
tled to  a  share.  With  reipeot  to 
fifing  the  muriGet  among  the 
crew  of  the  Victoria  (the  prisoner 
went  on  to  read),  I  did'  not  fire  it. 
ft  was  fixed  by  one  of  the  Spa- 
niards, who  went  on  board  with 
me.  I  sarw  the  Spaniards  were  ir- 
ritated with  the  crew,  and  that 
they  would  in  all  probability  IwTe 
put  some  of  them  to  death.  I 
therefore  said  to  them,  leave  him 
(the  man  at  the  helin,  who,  it  was 
^ouffht,  was  not  steering  pro- 
perly), leave  him  to  me,  and  I  shaU 
punish  him.  I  then  strudc  at  htm 
with  the  fiat  of  the  cutlass,  and  if 
I  cut  him,  it  was  what  I  did  not 
intend ;  but  I  knew,  that  if  I  did 
not  appear  to  treat  him  severely, 
iAke  Spaniards,  who  accompanied 
me,  would  have  taken  it  in  hand. 
It  was  from  the  same  motive,  that 
I  fired  the  pistds.  My  object  was, 
to  tet  the  Spaniards  see  that  I  was 
severe,  and  also  to  frigliten  the 
crew,  that  they  mi^t  do  what 
was  ordered  without  exposing 
themselves  to  sreater  danger  from 
the  pirates.  It  my  intention  had 
been  cruel,  I  mi^t  have  Uown 
out  the  brains  of  the  men  with  the 
same  ease ;  but  I  had  no  such  in- 
tention. As  to  my  face  being 
black,  it  is  true  it  was,  but  it  was 
not  done  with  a  view  to  disguise 
myself.  I  had  been  employed  that 
day  in  making  up  cartridges,  which 
I  was  forced  to  do  in  the  small 
magasdne.  The  heat  of  the  place 
was  very  ereat,  and  I  perspired 
much,and  frequently  put  my  hand 
to  my  face  to  wipe  off  the  perspi- 
ration.    It  was  from  this  cause 


stole,  that  niyliM»  appeared  hlack" 

The  prisoner  here  condsne^ 
and  his  counsel  called  the  witnesses 
for  the  defence. 

John  Webster. — I  was  on  hoiid 
the  Zephyr  in  the  year  IMS,  lAam 
die  was  boarded  by  a  sduxmer  pri- 
vateer, about  the  month  of  May  m 
June.  Prisoner  was  takien  htm 
on  board  v^th  captain  Lumsdea 
and  captain  Campyie,  a  ^assengce 

Cross-examined.  —  Captains 
Lumsden  and  Campyre  csme  on 
board  that  niriit  from  the  pimte. 
The  Zephyr  lay  at  andior  aB 
Hbat  night  alon^ide  the  adioonn. 
Next  day  she  was  allowed  to  pio* 
ceed  on  her  voyap;e. 

Thomas  Memck.^-1  was  on 
board  the  Zephyr,  when  she  sailed 
from  Jamaica.  Prisoner  was  on 
board>  till  he,  ciqitain  Lumaden, 
captain  Camp3rre,  and  four  othett, 
were  taken  out  by  the  pirates.  He 
was  taken  about  fbor  o'dodcon  the 
Saturday  afternoon,  and  remained 
in  the  pirate  vessel  till  Sunday  af« 
temoon.  He  came  back  aeain  on 
that  day.  HewasaMntuencot 
on  the  Sunday  by  Uie  pirate.  I 
heard  the  captain  c^the  pirate  teil 
prisoner,  that  he  must  go  with 
him ;  that  he  wanted  him  to  wnte 
for  him,  and  also  s;uide  the  ship. 
The  captain  said  auo,  that  I  m 
Cook  should  go,  but  prisoner  m- 
terfered,  and  sidd,  that  there  wore 
seven  children  on  board,  and  that 
I  had  to  take  care  of  ^em ;  I  was 
allowed  to  renudn. 

By  Judffe  Best. — You  aay,  the 
prisoner  a^ed  that  you  riiouH  be 
left  Did  he  ask  to  be  lef^  him- 
self? 

The  witness  answered,  he  did 
not  that  I  heard. 

Mr.  Boast,  a  sui^geon,  piovect 
that  prisoner's  legs  appeared  as  if  at 
one  time  much  ii^ured  by  an  ex- 
plosion of  gunpowder. 


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161 


Sofduft  itnlglit  and  the  broker 
of  the  prisoner- proved^  that  they 
espdeted  hiin  in  Etigkod  hwt  year, 
mid  that  he  would  many  and  give 
Op-thesea.  Prisoner  had  money 
in  the  funds. 

A  ^eat  number  of  respectable 
witn^ss^  gave  the  prisoner  a  most 
excellent  diaracter  tat  probity  and 
huBumity.  Some  o£  them  had 
known  him  fiom  his  infancy. 

Jotn  M'Kifilay.— ^I  was  steward 
of  the  brig  Indtistry,  when  she  was 
d^ptured  by  the  pirate  schooner^ 
Fnsoaer  was  one  of  the  party 
whidi  came  on  board.  Th^e  were 
five  or  six  in  the  party.  I  did  not 
see  the  prisoner  give  any  command 
or  order.  He  appeared  to  be  act- 
ing under  the  others: — ^that  was 
my  impression.  I  saw  the  captain 
a£  the  pirate,  when  we  went  along- 
side.  Our  captain  (Cooke^  went 
on  board,  and  we  all  followed. 
Tlie  captain  of  the  pirate  used  our 
captain  in  a  very  harsh  manner^ 
He  took  his  cutlass  out,  and  threa- 
tened to  kill  him,  and  it  was 
throu^  the  intercession  of  the 
prisoner,  that  he  did  not  put  his 
threat  into  execution.  From  the 
whole  ai  what  I  saw,  the  pri- 
soner appeared  to  me  to  be  under 
oompulnon. 

Captain  Cooke  was  called  to  con- 
tradict the  evidence  of  M'Kinlay. 
He  swore,  that  Smith  appeared  to 
command;  and  he  did  not  inter- 
fere, when  the  {nrate  captain  threa- 
tened to  shoot  witness.  Indeed, 
be  believed  he  dared  not,  the  cap- 
tain was  so  ferocious.  Witness 
did  not  sup  with  the  pirate  or 
cvew. 

The  ease  being. now  dosed  on 
both  sides,  the  prisoner  having 
aiked  leave  to  say  a  few  words  to 
the  jury,  proceeded  in  nearly  these 
woxos :  —  "  Gentlemen,  what 
makes  many  of  the  witnesses  think 

Vol.  LXV. 


diat  I  was  an  aodve  agent  agdnat 
them,  was,  that,  as  I  was  the  only 
person  on  board  the  pirate  vessel^ 
exo^t  th&  detain,  who  could 
speak  En^^di,  I  was  alm<wt  neoea- 
Murily  put  forward  on  an  occasion 
when  the  parties  they  had  captured 
spoke  no  other  language.  I  d&- 
dare,  however,  that  I  never  acted 
willinglv  against  my  country- 
men. 1  bore  as  much  as  I  could 
bear,  in  order  to  avmd  the  task  as- 
signed me.  I  was  stripped,  tied  to 
the  mast,  cut  with  a  sword,  shot 
at ;  and  my  ebthes  were  burnt  l^ 
gunpowder,  and  I  endured  it  aU 
rather  than  act  against  mv  coun- 
try ;  but  I  had  not  strai^tn  to  ep- 
dure  a  repetition  of  this  savage 
treatment;  and  at  last  my  forti- 
tude gave  way.  I  beg,  ^ntlemen, 
you  will  consider  the  situation  in 
which  I  was  placed.  On  the  one 
hand  were  my  countrymen,  look- 
ing to  me  for  protection,  and  blam- 
ing me  for  aiding  fordgners  in 
actinff  against  them;  on  the  other> 
the  foreigners  were  accusing  me 
of  being  favourable  to  my  countiy- 
men,  and  threatening  me  in  conse- 
quence. I  was  thus,  gentlemen, 
obliged  to  assume  an  appearance 
of  harshness  to  save  myself  and 
others  from  that  which  must  have 
foUowed,  had  I  appetured  to  favour 
those  whom  I  r^dly  wished  to 
protect  I  beg,  gentlemen,  you 
will  also  consider,  what  inducement 
could  I  have  to  join  the  pirates 
against  my  country. — I  had  pro- 
perty in  the  ship,  from  which  diey 
took  me.  I  had  property  in  the 
country,  to  which  I  was  ffoing,  and 
from  which  they  detained  me.  In 
joining  the  pirates  I  must  have 
lost  idl;  but  I  must  have  lost 
more  than  property ;  in  being  de- 
prived of  my  country,  I  lost  what 
was  dearer  to  me  there  than  Hfe 
itself;  I  was  coming  home  U> 
M 


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[i«ff. 


aiAJcry  an  amiable  young  wctm§n, 
with  whom  I  had  for  some  time 
heen  acquainted.  In  that  loss  I 
should  have  lost  what  was  much 
dearer  to  me  than  existence* 
Whatever  be  my  fate^  I  will  bear  it 
patiently,  fully  convinced  that  God, 
who  knows  my  innocence,  will 
hereafter  reward  me." 

Mr.  Baron  Garrow  having  sum- 
med xjnp  the  evidence,  the  jury, 
without  hesitation^  returned  a 
verdict  of  Not  Guilty. 

The  King's  Advocate  intimated, 
that  it  was  not  intended  to  offer 
any  evidence  on  the  second  in- 
dictment. The  prisoner  was  then 
given  in  charge  on  the  second, 
and  no  evidence  being  offered,  a 
verdict  of  Not  Guilty  was  recorded. 

29.  MiLiTABY  Trial  fob 
MuROBB.  —  Pabis — A  Giurt- 
martial  assembled  for  the  trial  of 
Volticeur  Simon  for  the  murder 
of  M.  Honein,  on  the  day  on 
which  the  Duke  of  Angoul^me 
entered  Paris. 

After  the  preliminary  documents 
had  been  read,  the  president 
ordered  the  aecused  to  be  brought 
in. 

President. — Simon,  you  are  ac- 
cused of  murdering  Honein;  you, 
beine  a  sentinel  on  the  terrace  of 
the  Tuileries,  on  the  side  of  the 
river,  fired  a  musket-shot  at  him. 
What  have  you  to  say  in  your 
defence? 

Prisoner. — ^Towards  one  o'clock 
in  the  afternoon,  two  individuals 
•caled  the  wall  of  the  terrace. 
I  arrested  them,  and  they  were 
conducted  to  the  watch-house. 

Some  minutes  afterwards,  two 
other  persons  also  scsded  the  wall. 
I  arrested  one,  and  put  him  in  my 
watch-box;  but  seeing  others 
getting  up,  I  was  obliged  to  let 
him  go  and  run  towards  the  walL 
I   p^hed  down  one  who   had 


reached  the  top,  he  fell,  and^in 
falling,  he  carried  Honein  along 
with  mm,  who  was  getting  up 
dose  to  him.  Honein  then  under- 
took the  defence  of  the  one  I  had 
pushed  down ;  he  called  me    .   » 

said  that  he  would me;  that 

I  was  a  conscript  and  a  Savoyard. 
The  mob  reproach  me;  they  saidL 
"  Throw  him  over,  throw  him  t9 
us."  As  Honein  was  come  out  of 
the  crowd,  and  was  near  me,  I 
spcikt  to  him  and  tc^  him  to  g» 
away;  buthecontinuedtoinsultiBe; 
and  I  then  told  him,  that  my  muskel 
was  loaded,  and  showed  it  him  by 
puttingmy  ramrod  in  my  mu8ket,yet 
he  then  redoubled  his  insults,  he 
even  excited  the  mob  to  act  agaioft 
me;  I  put  my  musket  to  my 
shoulder,  and  threatened  to  fire; 
he  then  said  to  me,  "  You  do  net 

dare ;  I  will in  your  musket" 

The  people  and  he  uttered  lottd 
cries  against  me;  those  who  bad 
mountdL  the  wall  pressed  ckwe  to 
me,  and  endeavoured  to  catchhbldrf 
me.  After  havinff  warned  Honem 
three  times,  and  having  presentei 
my  musket  several  times  without 
finng,  I  thought  it  was  my  doty 
to  fire  in  my  own  defence*  After 
firing,  I  was  obliged  to  place  ny 
back  against  fhe  watchAio^  tf" 
present  my  bayonet  to  the  mob; 
but  I  then  reflected  that  they 
might  come  and  attack  me  on  the 
side,  and  I  retreated  a  few  pecei, 
presenting  my  bayonet  constantly 
to  the  mob,  in  order  to  die  at  my 
post,  as  it  is  the  duty  of  *^^ 
Frenchman. 

President— Whatever  mifiht  he 
the  provocations  you  receiveo,  J^ 
cannot  be  ignorant  ihat  th^  ^ 
not  entitle  you  to  fire. 

Prisoner. — I  thought  I  ^ 
doing  my  duty  for  the  good  of  t*^ 
service. 

Wtat  induced  you  toite^l^ 


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CHRONICLE. 


163 


own  tfBger,  or  to  mve  youradf  ? — 
I  found  myself  tttadced  oa  eveiy 
iUe ;  I  fired  for  my  own  safely. 

What  was  then  passing  on  the 
tenace  ? — The  persons  on  the 
terrace  came  dose  upon  me,  and 
laoed  to  throw  me  down. 

Why  did  you  not  try  to  give 
aotice  to  the  guard? — I  cned, 
9twen  or  eight  tnna^  '*Amx 
Armet,"  hut  no  one  came  to  sup- 

Kb  me.      I  think  they  could  not 
e  heard  me. 

M.  Bedoch,  licentiate  in  law» 
ibited,  that  wishing  to  scale  the 
wall  of  the  terrace  to  see*  the 
prince,  he  was  rudely  pushed  hack 
by  the  s^tinel,  who  ran  towards 
him,   and   threw   him    upon  the 

EYemofit.  Irritated  by  this  vio- 
ice,  the  crowd  called  the  sentinel 
a  brute  and  a  scoundrel  (htUor.) 
Then  the  sentinel  levelled  his 
piece,  and,  some  moments  after,  he 
beard  the  report  Ije  knew 
nothing  of  the  circumstances  which 
preceded  the  murder. 

M.  Jaen  was  at  the  distance  of 
six  paces  from  the  victim;  heard 
Honein  tell  the  sentinel  he  was  a 
brute,  and  tiiat  it  was  not  his 
eounters^n. 

M.  L^ux,  compositor,  said, 
that,  at  the  moment  when  the 
sentinel  threw  M.  Bedoch  on  the 
pairement,  the  crowd  cried  out 
tMh«t  him,  and  insulted  him. 
Tk&  sentinel  then  levelled  his 
piece,  after  having  loaded  it, 
shouldered  it  again,  and  continued 
to  match  about ;  he  came  back  in 
sn  instant  after,  lev^Jled  his  pieee 
amin,  and  fired  at  Honein,  who 
f9l  dose  to  the  witness.  Some 
dmpe  of  the  victim's  blood  fell  on 
Leroux's  boots;  it  was  i^inst 
iritness,  that  the  sentinel  levelled 
his  piece  the  first  time. 

The  President^What  did  Ho- 
aein  say  betoe  ih^  sentinel  fired? 


•^He  caUed  him  abrute,  and  tohf 
him  it  was  not  his  countersign. 

Did  he  say  nothing  more?—* 
This  was  all  I  heard,  and  I  was 
dose  to  the  young  man. 

The  witness  a&ed,  that  Honein 
fell  at  a  distance  of  eidit  feet  from 
the  wall,  and  that  he  made  no 
attempt  to  scale  the  walL 

M.  Oelhomme,  corporal  of  tii^ 
national  guard,  heard  none  of  the 
expressions  addressed  by  Honein 
to  the  centineL  He  admitted  that 
such  was  his  state  of  excitement, 
that,  if  his  musket  had  been  loaded, 
he  would  have  discharged  it  at 
the  sentineL  The  witness  added 
the  following  circumstances: — ^A 
physician,  who  happened  to  be  on 
the  spot,  approached  the  body  of 
the  victim,  and  wished  to  feel 
his  heart,  to  ascertain  whether 
there  were  still  any  signs  of  life. 
Witness  told  him,  it  was  of  no 
use,  that,  unfortunatdy,  the  case 
was  faopdess.  The  physician^ 
however,  b^»ed  him  to  remove 
the  hair  yfrlSStL  was  still  dripping 
with  blood,  in  oider  to  expose 
the  wound.  At  this  moment 
several  soldiers  of  the  royal  guard 
who  were  on  the  wall,  leaned 
finnvard  towards  the  body,  and  one 
of  them  said  to  the  corporal  of  the 
national  guaid,  ''corporal,  he  is 
asleep;  eive  him  a  fillip  on  the 
nose,  and  he  will  awake."  The 
physician  indignant  at  thisconduct, 
raued  his  hod,  and  exclaimed, 
''Blackguards!"  (canailU). 

The  advocate  of  Simon  wished 
the  physician  himself  to  be  ex« 
amined  as  to  the  expressions  at- 
tributed  to  the  royal  guard. 

The  President  thought  this  un- 
necessary. It  was  not  credible,  he 
observed,  that  such  an  exptesrion 
had  been  used. 

The  Sieur  ftoissan  cc«toboi^ted 
the  declaration   of    the   witness 

M8 


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D«^ 


Lferottx  as  to  the  &ct  that  nohod  j 
was  near  the  oentinel  at  the  time 
he  fired. 

.  M- -Grondarty  merchant^  heard 
Honein  call  the  sentLnel  a  rascally' 
conscript.  A  man  who  was  stand- 
ing by  said,  '*  You  ought  not  to 
insult  a  sentinel  at  hu  post;  I 
would  fire  at  you,  if  I  had  my 
piece  loaded."  Then  the  sentinel 
said,  "  My  piece  is  loaded,  and  if 
these  blackguards  are  not  quiets 
I  will  bring  them  to  reason."  The 
insults  continued,  the  sentinel 
levelled  his  piece;  then  some  other 
person,  not  Honein,  said,  "  You 
will  not  dare  to  fire."  The  senti- 
nel continued  levelling  his  piece ; 
the  crowd  began  to  hu^,  upon 
which  he  fired,  and  Honein  fell 
dead.  The  witness  saw  no  crowd 
on  the  terrace  round  the  sentinel, 
and  did  not  hear  any  one  propose  to 
throw  him  over. 

M.  Daublin  heard  Honein  say 
to  the  sentinel,  at  the  moment  he 
levelled  his  piece,  "  Do  you  think 
I  am  afraid  ?"  Then  the  sentinel 
fired.  .  There  were  very  few  per- 
sons on  the  top  of  the  terrace. 

The  President. — It  would  seem, 
however,  that  the  altercation  had 
continued  a  longtime? — No,  the 
whole  transaction  took  place  in  a 
very  short  time.  Was  not  the 
sentinel  surrounded  and  threatened 
by  the  crowd? — No.  [The  wit- 
ness declared  that  the  sentinel  was 
much  excited,  and  he  attributed 
the  act  to  a  sudden  fit  of  passion.]] 

The  President  to  the  accuseds — 
What  was  your  intention  in  level- 
ling your  piece  so  frequently? — 
Every  time  I  levelled  it,  I  told 
the  crowd  to  retire  and  not  to  insult 
me. 

The  captain  Reporter.— The 
Court  will  not  fail  to  appreciate 
this  intention. 

M.  4e  Fi:ey,    herald,   declared 


that  he  heard  the  deceased  caD 
the  sentinel  a  cursed  beast  (Mere 
cochonj,  thief,  robber,  &&,  and 
defy  hhn,  when  he  levelled  his 
piece,  saying,  "  You  will  not  dare 
to  do  it."  The  witness  was  doie 
to  him ;  did  not  see  Honein  scsle 
the  wall 

Leroux  was  cadled  back,  in 
order  to  ascertain  whether  Honeb 
had  a  woman  with  him,  sad 
whether  he  had  an  umbrella.  He 
^  believed  that  Honein  had  a  womsn 
with  him,  but  no  umbrella. 

The  Court,  after  three  quartew 
of  an  hour's  deliberation,  aedsred 
Simon  Not  Guilty,  by  a  majori^ 
of  six  votes  to  one. 

Political  PRBCAUTiON.--At 
the  end  of  Don  Juan  there  is  sn 
air  sung  by  the  Don,  in  emhncu^ 
one  of  his  fair-ones.  In  this  sir 
occur  the  words,  "  Viva  la  U^ 
hertb"  not,  of  course,  in  the  t&» 
of  politics,  but  in  the  sense  w 
gallantry.  Ft  was  thought  dan- 
gerous, however,  by  the  drsmato; 
censors  of  Paris,  to  allow  a  w^ 
to  be  raised  even  to  this  land  of 
liberty,  though  in  an  ItsKm 
song ;  and  the  actor  was  wdered 
to  substitute  the  words  "  Vm  la 
HihritK  against  all  the  rules  of 
sense  and  metre. 

Incrbasing  Tradk  of  Livbe^ 
POOL.— From  the  1st  of  January 
to  the  Slst  of  December,  18«5' 
inclusive,  9,507  vessels  have  re- 
ported inws^rds  at  the  custom-hoa* 
of  Liverpool — ^namely- 
From  foreiffn  ports  and  Ireland  S.JJ][ 
Cotsters  .?..... ^ 

\tmr%     V«Mdt.  ToBt.        A****^  ttnt 

In  1883.. 9,597..  1,120,114..  11^^-^ 

s^ia 

19W.. 8,916..  1,010,819    ^^^^^ 
Increase..  591  ..  109,295 


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C  H  R  O  N  I  C  L  E. 


105 


The  umiber  of  vessel  and 
-amoant  of  tonnage  reported  in- 
wards, in  the  year  ending  Decem- 
ber 31,  1823,  were  greater  than 
that  of  any  other  year  since  the 
rise  of  the  port ;  yet  the  present 
year  exhibits  over  that  year  an 
excess  of  nearly  six  hundred  vessels. 

31.  A  mdancholy  occurrence 
took  pkoe  this  evening,  near  South 
Bffimms;,  by  which  a  poor  man  of 
tbe  name  of  Jamea  Grainge  lost 
hia  Hfe.  For  some  time  bade,  a 
gentleman,  whose  name  is  Patrick 
ConnoEy,  had  resided  at  a  mansion 
4:alled  Rabley-house,  which  is  with-. 
in  about  a  mile  of  Shenley-hill, 
and  is  the  property  of  captain 
Nestor.  In  the  same  house  was 
residing  alady  of  the  name  of  Mrs. 
Eliaabedi  Brown,  the  widow  of  a 
naval  officer,  who  had  charge  of 
captain  Nestor's  domestic  concerns. 
Besides  these  individuals,  there 
were  a  female  servant  and  two 
male  servants  on  the  premises.  On 
Wednesday  afitemoon,  about  two 
o'clock,  three  persons  arrived  at 
the  mansion — a  Mr.  Stqihens,  an 
attorney  from  London;  T.Watson, 
a  sheriff's  officer ;  and  his  assistant. 
They  found  easy  ingress  at  the 
outer  gates,  and,  on  reaching  tl^ 
hall-door,  knocked  for  admission. 
•They  were  answered  from  within 
by  Mrs.  Brown,  who,  perhaps, 
suspectine  their  errand,  did  not 
open  the  door — she  demanded  their 
■busineat,  and  they  commenced  by 
asking,  if  captain  Nestor  was  at 
home  ?  She  answered  in  the  ne- 
gative. They  then  asked  some 
other  indirect  questions,  and  finally 
begged  to  know,  if  Mr.  Patrick 
Connolly  was  there  ?  To  this  ques- 
tion Mn.'Brown  also  answered  in 
the  negative.  They  then  stated, 
that  they  had  an  execution  against 
Mr.  Connolly,  and  peremptorily 
desired  to  be  admitted.    This  Mrs. 


Brown  as  peremptoHly .  refused, 
and  diey  immediately  attempted 
to  force  the  door,  the  upper  part 
of  which  was  composed  partly  of 
glass.  To  effect  this  purpose, 
they  placed  thdr  feet  against  the 
bottom  of  the  door,  and,  in  the 
exertion  which  they  made,  they 
broke  one  of  the  panes.  At  this 
moment,  Mr.  Connolly,  suddenly 
made  his  appearance  mth  a  pitch- 
fork in  his  hand,  with  which  he 
threatened  to  resist  any  further 
attempt  that  might  be  made  to 
enter  the  premises.  In  defiance 
of  his  threat,  the  officers,  on  being 
again  refused  admission,  renewed 
their  attack,  when  Mr.  Connolly 
pushed  the  fork  through  the  broken 
pane,  and  hit  one  of  the  men. 
The  assailants  then  retired  for  a 
tiaie,  and,  while  two  kept  watch, 
the  third  proceeded  to  a  magistrate 
in  the  neighbourhood,  the  rev. 
Thomas  Newcome,  before  whom 
he  laid  an  information  for  the 
assault  which  had  been  committed 
upon  him  in  the  discharge  of  his 
duty,  and  procured  a  peaoe  warrant 
for  the  apprehension  of  Mr.  Con- 
nolly. This  warrant  was  directed 
to  the  constables  of  the  district ; 
those  individuals  were  summoned 
to  put  it  in  execution ;  and  certain 
persons  were  sworn  as  special  con- 
stables for  the  occasion.  Among 
others  included  in  this  body  was 
the  brother  of  the  parish  constable, 
James  Grainge,  shoemaker*  at 
Shenley-hill.  The  whole  posse 
being  assembled  they  proceeded 
in  considerable  force  to  the  scene 
of  action,  which  they  reached  about 
ux  o'clock.  A  second  loud  knock- 
ing at  the  door  gave  notice  of  their 
approach,  when  Mrs.  Brown  again 
made  her  appearance,  and,  as  is 
alleged,  admission  was  demanded 
in  the  king's  name.  Mrs.  Brown 
still  declined  complying  with  this 


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^anand.  A  general  anault  then 
commenced,  and  several  panes  of 
l^ass  were  broken  in  the  windows^ 
as  wdl  as  in  the  door.  This  con- 
tinued for  some  time,  till  at  leneth 
Mr.  Connolly  came  forward  with 
a  gun  in  his  hand,  and  threatened 
to  shoot  the  first  person  who  pre- 
sumed to  break  the  door.  This 
only  tended  to  increase  the  violence, 
and,  as  the  party  outside  considered 
that  they  were  armed  with  suffix 
cient  authority  to  use  every  exertion 
in  their  power  to  make  their  caption 
good,  they  treated  Mr.  Connolly's 
threats  with  indifference,  and 
actually  began  to  break  the  |«nels 
of  the  door  with  such  missiles  as 
came  to  hand.  At  last,  Mr.  Con- 
nolly discharged  the  gun,  and 
James  Grainge  being  nearest  the 
door,  he4odged  the  contents  in  the 
upper  part  of  his  arm,  near  the 
i£oulder,  which  was  dreadfully 
mangled.  The  unhappy  man  fell, 
and  a  cry  of  "murder,"  burst 
from  all  quarters.  A  considerable 
pause  now  took  place ;  the  attack 
was  discontinued,  and  the  officers 
and  their  assistants  drew  back, 
fearful  that  further  mischief  might 
be  done.  The  wounded  man,  being 
unable  to  walk,  was  placed  in  a 
cart  and  carried  to  the  White  Hart, 
at  Shenley-hiU.  Information  of 
what  had  occurred  was  then  con- 
veyed to  the  rev.  Mr.  Newcome 
and  John  M.  Winter,  esq.,  another 
magistrate  in  the  neighbourhood, 
who  consulted  upon  what  it  was 
expedient  to  do.  All  the  con^ 
fttabks  of  ^e  surrounding  villages 
were  forthwith  summoned,  and 
firesh  additions  were  made  to  the 
list  of  i^pedal  constables.  With 
this  force  the  maflistrates  proeeeded 
in  person  to  Ramey-bouse,  within 


which  all  remained  in  perfect 
silence:  It  was  now  between  nine 
and  ten  o'clock,  and  an  attempt 
was  made  to  force  an  entrance  at 
the  back  of  the  premises,  where 
some  more  windows  were  broken. 
Under  the  direction  of  die  magia> 
trates,  admisnon  was  once  nuxe 
formally  demanded,  and  their  war- 
rant was  read  in  a  loud  voice. 
Mrs.  Brown,  for  the  third  time^ 
came  to  the  door,  and  announcad, 
that,  if  the  party  would  show 
their  warrant,  she  would  admit 
them.  This  was  refused,  but  k 
was  read  in  her  hearing,  and  fi- 
nally the  door  was  opened.  The 
magistrates  and  the  officers  thai 
entered,  and  Mrs.  Brown  said,  she 
would  send  to  call  Mr.  Conndly 
down  stairs.  A  servant  did  ac- 
cordingly go  up  stairs,  and  Mr. 
Connouy  came  down  and  sunreop 
dered  himself.  All  the  other  per- 
sons in  the  house  were  ihea  second 
as  being  participators  in  the  out- 
rage— ^namely,  Mrs.  Brovra,  her 
servant  woman,  Hugh  Moran  (a 
servant  man),  and  another  man 
servant.  The  whole  were  coo* 
ducted  to  the  White  Hart,  ai 
Shenley-hill,  where  they  remained 
under  a  strict  guaid  for  the  r^ 
mainder  of  the  night. 

On  the  following  momme,  dw 
rev.  Mr.  Newcome,  Mr.  wmtir, 
and  Mr.  Haddow,  assembled  at 
the  White  Hart,  to  take  the  d»> 
positions  of  the  difierent  wit- 
nesses against  thepnsoneiai 

Soon  afler  throe,  inteUigafl^ 
having  reached  them  that  Gwge 
had  expred,  they  determined  to 
commit  all  the  parties  upon  tlw 
charge  of  the  wilful  mtvder  ctf 
James  Grainge^  and  *  ' 
were  made  out  accordin^y. 


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(     167     ) 

APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE. 

SHERIFFS  FOR  THE  YEAR  1823. 


Me4^rMife  Thomas  Charles  Higgins,  of  Turvey,  esq. 

Beriktkirt    Henry  Piper  Sperling,  of  Park-place,  esq. 

Buckinghamshire  ....  William  S.  Lowndes,  of  Whaddon  Hall^  esq. 

^S^'.*^.^?  WiUiamRayner,of  Wisbeach,esq. 

dMAvv  John  White,  of  Sale,  esq. 

ikmUrkmd . .  • . » £dward  Stanley,  of  Ponsonby  Hall,  esq. 

CtntwaU Charles  Trelawny,  of  Coldrinick,  esq. 

Ikrbjfshire Thomas  Bateman,  of  Middleton  by  Youlgrave,  esq, 

DevoMihire T.  Bewes,  of  Beaumont  House,  Plymouth,  esq. 

Dar9etshire Henry  Charles  Sturt,  of  Moor  Critchell,  esq. 

&9ejB   John  Jollifle  Tutfnell,  of  Langleys,  esq. 

Bkmeesiershire    John  Smith,  of  Stepleton,  esq. 

tkr^ordthhre  £dmund  B.  Patesb^l,  of  AUensmnre,  esq. 

Berifbrdthire Robert  Sutton,  of  Ross  Way  Northchurch,  esq. 

Kemi    Thomas  Austen,  of  Seven  Oaks,  esq. 

Leieegtershire Sir  William  Walker,  of  Leicester,  Knt. 

Mmuoimtkirt    Sir  William  Earle  Welby,  of  Denton,  bart. 

Mmmtneihthire    Joseph  Bailey,  of  Nanty  Glo,  esq. 

fkr/M    Sir  Edmund  Knowles  LAcon,  of  Ormesby,  bart. 

NvrthampUmihire  • .  • .  Thomas  W.  Hunt,  of  Wadenboe,  e^q. 

Ihrihumberiand Prideanx  J.  Selby,  of  Twizell  House,  esq. 

Nattmghawuhire    ....  William  Mason',  of  East  Retford,  esq. 

Oarfordshire Daniel  Stuart,  of  Wykbam  Park,  esq. 

MMmd   Thomas  Thompson,  of  TinwcU,  esq. 

Skropthire John  Mytton,  of  Halston,  esq. 

Somersetshire John  F.  Pinney^  of  Somerton  Erly,  esq. 

SU^fsrdshire    James  Hordem,  of  Wolverhampton,  esq. 

Csmidif  of  SouihamptoH  E.  Knight,  jun.  of  Chawton  Park,  esq. 

Bf/Mk Hen.  Usborne,  of  Branches  Park,  esq. 

Sitrrey Charles  Hampden  Turner,  of  Rook's  Nest,  esq. 

Sitsseje Richard  Prime,  of  Walberton  House,  esq. 

H^arwiekshire Edward  Willes,  of  Newbold  Comyn,  esq. 

WiUshhrt John  Fuller,  of  Neston  Park,  esq. 

fVwrtmierskire   John  Williams,  of  Pitmaston,  esq. 

Yorkshire •  •  • .  Walter  Fawkes,  of  Famley,  esq. 

SOUTH  WALES. 

Breeom Richard  Davys,  of  Clancefield,  esq. 

Cardigan G.  W.  PlEury,  of  Uydftade,  esq. 

Ckrwtmrthen J.  Phillips,  of  Crygwan,  esq. 


Vkmargtm, «.  J.  Edwards,  of  Rheola,  esq. 

PtmdirJce O.  Lewis,  of  Trewem,  esq. 

Btdnar , J.  B.  Walsh,  of  Kevenlleece,  esq. 

NORTH  WALES. 

jjmghtty J.  nmton,  of  Flaagwyn,  esq. 

Gvmcrsws    •..,.  W.  Tomer,  of  Garreg  &ur,  esq. 

Dtmhigh • Sir  D.  Erskine,  of  Pwll  y  Crocbo9,bftrt. 

FiisU    ..••• P.  D.  Cooke,  of  Gwsaney,  esq. 

Merioneth    J.  Wynne,  of  Cwmein,  esq. 

Mkmtgmiier^    D,  Pugh,  of  Llanercbydol,  esq. 


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168      ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1823. 


BIRTHS. 


BIRTHS. 

JANUARY. 

I.  In  Hereford-etpeet,  the  lady  of 
Edmund  Antrobus,  esq.  a  son. 

3.  The  hon.  Mrs.  Thomas  Erskine, 
a  daughter. 

4.  A  t  the  Priory,  Ryepitc,  viscountess 
Eastnor,  a  daughter. 

—  At  Newport,  Isle  of  Wight,  the 
lady  of  John  Cooke,  esq.  a  daughter. 

8.  At  Twickenham,  the  lady  of  Wm. 
Jones  Burdett,  esq.  a  son. 

9.  The  lady  of  the  hon.  W.  Cust,  a 
daughter. 

II.  In  Portland-place,  the  lady  of 
J.  B.  Ricketts,  esq.  a  daughter. 

—  In  South  Audlcy-street,  lady 
Frederica  Stanhope,  a  son. 

18.  In  Upper  Bedford-place,  Russell- 
square,  the  lady  of  William  Loflus 
Lowndes,  esq.  a  son. 

22.  At  Torquay,  Devonshire,  the 
lady  of  sir  Thos.  Whelen,  a  son. 

23.  At  Standish-hall,  Mrs.  Standish, 
a  son  and  heir. 

25.  In  Vigo-lane,  the  lady  of  Miles 
Morley,  esq.  a  daughter. 

27.  In  Bemer's-street,  the  lady  of 
Fias.  Vincent  Marius  Moreau,  esq.  a 
slaughter. 

29.  At  Cochayne,  Hatley,Beds;  the 
Rt.  hon.  lady  Anne  Maria  Cust,  a 
daughter. 

31.  At  Bath,  the  lady  of  G.  T.  Wil- 
liams,'esq.  a  son  and  heir. 

FEBRUARY. 

9.  Mrs.  Stephen  Child,  of  Walworth 
a  son. 

10.  At  Pinckney-lodge,  B^rks,  the 
;  lady  of  James  Elmslie,  esq.  a  son. 

—  In  Cbapel-street,  Grosvenor- 
square,  the  hon.  Mrs.  Charles  Boulton, 
a  daughter. 

—  In  Upper  Cadogan-place,  Mrs, 
Thomas  Broadwood,  a  son. 

—  In  ,  Kpppel-street,  the  lady  of 
Humphry  Wm.  Woolrych,  esq.  of 
Cro^y  House,  Herts,  and  of  Lincoln's 
Inn,  Barrister-at-law,  a  son. 

11.  In  Queen-street,  May-fair,  the 
-lady  of  Samuel  Plate^  esq.  a  daughter. 

InStrattpn  street,  lady  Jane  Peel, 

ftrson. 

16.  In  HiU-street,  qic  Wjr  of  W.  W. 
,J6U>bart8,  M.P.  a  son. 


19.  At  Witham-lodge,  Sufiolk,  the 
lady  of  W.  W.  Loord,  esq.  a  daughter. 

21.  In  Percy-street,  the  lady  of 
James  Clayton,  esq.  a  son. 

22.  At  Atherstone-hall,  viscountess 
Anson,  a  daughter. 

—  The  lady  of  Robert  Thomas  Dims- 
dale,  esq.  a  dadjghter. 

28.  In  I>attmoutbrStreet,  the  lady  ol 
Lancelot  Hotham,  esq>  a  daughter. 

MARCH. 

3.  In  Pbftland^pUce,  at  her  lather^ 
W.  WiUiams,  esq.  M.P.  the  lady  of  capt. 
H.  Loraine  Baker,  R.N.  C.B  a  daughter. 

—  In  Gloucester-place,  the  lady  of 
M.  M'Namara,  esq.  a  son. 

5.  In  Dover-Htreet,  the  lady  of  W* 
Turner,  esq.  a  son. 

—  At  Camden  Town,  the  lady^o 
John  Spurrier,  esq.  assistant  commis- 
sary general  to  the  forces,  a  daughter. 

—  In  York-street,  Portman-square, 
Mrs.  C.  Wilson,  a  daughter. 

13.  At  Maresfield,  Sussex,  the  lady 
of  W.  Day,  esq.  a  daughter. 

15.  In  Somerset- place,  the  lady  of 
Waller  Clifton,  esq.  a  son. 

16.  In  Upper  Montague-street,  Moo- 
tague-square,  the  lady  <rf  W.  H.. 
Roberts,  esq.  a  daughter. 

19.  The  kdy  of  Sandford  Grahav, 
esq.  M.P.  a  daughter. 

—  In  Duke-street,  Westminster,  the 
hidy  of  Chas.  Tulk,  esq.  M.P.  a 
daughter. 

20.  In  Upper  Harley-street,  the  lady 
of  Alexander  Henry,  esq.  a  daughter. 

23.  In  Graftonstreet,  Berkeley- 
square,  the  lady  of  Dr.  Grafton,  a 
daughter. 

31.  At  Langley-hall,  Berkshire,  the 
seat  of  Chas.  Beckford  long,  esq.  the 
lady  of  Charles  Devoni  esq.  a  son  and 
heir. 

APRIL. 

2.  At  Lindley-hall,  Leicestershire, 
the  lady  of  Edward  Applewhaite,  esq. 
a  son. 

3.  At  the  house  of  her  father,  E. 
Greetham,  esq.  at  East  Cosham,  the 
lady  of  sir  Lucius  Curtis,  bart.  her  7th 
son. 

4.  In  Grosvenor-place,  the  countess 
ofEuston,  a  son. 

—  At  Escrick,  near  York,  the  hon. 
Mrs.  Beelby  Thompson,  a  son. 

9.  At  Woodchestcr  Pferk,  the  Mat  of 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.        169 


lord  Dude,  the  right  hon.  the  countess 
of  Denbigh,  tirins,  a  son  and  daughter. 

10.  Lady  Elizabeth  Belgmve,  a  son. 

14.  In  Queen  Ann-street,  Cavendisb- 
•quare,  the  lady  of  Charles  Pepys,  esq. 
a  daughter. 

30.  In  Queen  Ann-street,  lady  de 
Vere  Hunt,  a  son. 

32.  At  Shooter's  Hill,  Kent,  the  lady 
of  sir  Thomas  William  BIomefieId,a  son. 

28.  In  Great  Cumberland-street,  lady 
King,  a  daughter. 

29.  The  lady  of  S.  Crawley,  esq.  M.P. 
a  son  and  heir. 

AUY. 

4.  At  his  royal  highness's  the  duke  of 
Clarence,  Bushey-]>ark,  the  countess  of 
Errol,  a  son  and  heir. 

7.  In  Great  Cumberland-place,  the 
lady  of  John  H.  Pelly,  esq.  a  son. 

8.  In  Grosvenor-place,  lady  Tulla- 
more,  a  scm. 

13.  Mrs.  captain  Protheroe,  of 
Hampton,  a  son. 

16.  In  Upper  Brook-street,  the  lady 
bf  Michael  Bruce,  esq.  a  son. 

17.  At  Holme,  Yorkshire,  the  hon. 
Miv.  Langdale,  a  daughter. 

18.  In  Manchester-street,  the  lady  of 
•ur  R.  P.  Jodrell,  hart,  a  son. 

22.  At  Merry-hill,  Bushey,  Herts, 
the  lady  of  lieut.  col.  Charles  Dance,  a 
«on. 

—  The  ladT  of  the  hon.  capt.  Bridge- 
man,  R.N.  a  daughter. 

24.  At  Sloperton-cottage,  Devises, 
the  lady  of  Thomas  Moore,  esq.  a  son. 

95.  In  Upper  Bedford-place,  the  lady 
of  Nathaniel  Ellison,  esq.  a  daughter. 

—  At  Burton,  in  the  county  of  Hants, 
the  lady  of  T.  D.  Shute,  esq.  a 
daughter. 

Lately  at  Ardincaple-castle,  lady  J. 
Campbell,  a  son. 

At  Colombo,  in  the  island  of  Ceylon, 
the  lady  of  H.  Matthew,  esq.  his 
majesty's  advocate  fiscal,  a  daughter. 

At  Florence,  the  lady  of  lieut.  gen. 
air  Geo.  Walker,  G.C.B.  a  son. 

At  Boulogne-sur-Mer,  lady  Catherine 
Caroline  Bricknell,  daughter  of  the 
earl  o(  Pbrtmore,  a  son. 

At  Zante,  the  lady  of  Philip  James 
Oreen,  esq.  consul-general,  for  the 
Morea,  a  son. 

At  Albaro,  near  Genoa,  Mrs.  Leigh 
Hunt,  a  son. 

At  Geneva,  lady  Mary  Stanley,  a 
idanghter. 


BIRTHS. 


At  Lausanne,  the  lady  of  captain 
Cunlifie  Owen,  R.N.  a  ton. 

JUNE. 

2.  In  Green-street,  the  lady  of  lieut. 
col.  Dawkins,  of  the  Coldstream  guards, 
a  son. 

—  At  Carshalton-park,  the  lady  of 
John  Plummer,  esq.  M.P.  a  son. 

14.  In  Upper  Berkeley-street,  the 
lady  of  Aretas  Akers,  esq.  a  daughter. 

15.  At  his  lordship's  house,  in  Albe- 
marle-street,  lady  P.  Leveson  Gower, 
twin-sons. 

—  At  Famham,  Dorsetshire,  the  lady 
of  sir  S.  Stuart,  bart.  a  son  and  heir. 

19.  At  Munster-house,  lady  Jane 
Lawrence  Peel,  a  son  and  heir. 

21.  At  I^kington,  Warwickshire, 
the  countess  of  Aylesford,  a  son. 

—  At  Locknaw-casUe,  lady  Agnew,  a 
son. 

25.  At  Bath,  the  lady  of  nuyor 
Charles  de  Havilland,  a  son. 

26.  At  Poyntzfield-house,  North 
Britain,  the  lady  of  rn^or  general 
George  Gun  Munro,  a  daughter. 

27.  The  lady  of  sir  Thomas  Farqu- 
har,  ban.  a  son. 

28.  At  Camprall-pai-k,  near  Don- 
caster,  the  lady  of  sir  Joseph  Radcliffe, 
bart.  a  daughter. 

—  At  Torry-hill,  Kent,  lady  Mon- 
tresor,  a  son  and  heir. 

29.  At  Pninswick-house,  Gloucester- 
shire, the  lady  of  W.  H.  Hyett,  esq.  a 
son. 

JULY. 

2.  Jn  Wimpolc-street,  the  lady  of 
lieut.  col.  Bourchier,  a  son. 

6.  In  Cumberland-street,  the  lady  of 
lieut.  col.  sir  T.  Noel  Hill,  K.C.B. 
Grenadier  guards,  a  daughter. 

—  At  his  house,  in  Great  George- 
street,  Westminster,  the  lady  of  the 
hon.  Edward  Cust,  M.P.  a  daughter. 

11.  At  Kenilworth,  Warwickshire, 
the  lady  of  Edmond  de  Ptentheny 
O'Kellv,  esq.  a  daughter. 

15.  At  her  house,  on  Putney-heath, 
lady  Colebrooke,  a  daughter. 

—  In  Montague-street,  Portman- 
square,  the  lady  of  W.  J.  St.  Aubyn, 
esq.  a  son. 

17.  In  New-street,  Spring-gardens, 
the  lady  of  J.  H.  Tremaync,  esq.  a 
dbughler. 

20.  At  Almington-hall,  Cheshire,  the 


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170      ANNUAL 


REGISTER,    1823. 

BIRTHS. 


My  fif  John  Offley  Crewe,  esq.  a 
daughter. 

89.  At  IIoldemcsse-hoQse,  Park.lane, 
the  roarchioneM  of  Londonderry,  a 
daughter. 

31.  At  her  father'*  hoiue,  William 
Murray,  esq.  Bryanstooe-squarei  the 
lady  of  mi^or  sir  Henry  Floyd,  hart,  a 


AUGUST. 

4.  At  Tates-court,  Kent,  viscountess 
Torrington,  twins. 

8.  At  Langham-place,  the  lady  of 
Frederick  Webb,  esq*  a  son  and  heir. 

12.  At  Highbury-park,  Mrs.  David- 
ton,  a  daughter. 

13.  In  Euston-square,  the  lady  of 
George  Medley,  esq.  of  the  East-India- 
house,  a  son. 

14.  At  Rislip,  Middlesex,  the  lady 
of  H.  Edgell,  esq.  a  son. 

15.  At  Haropstead,  the  lady  of 
Andrew  Spottiswoode,  esq.  of  Be(Uord* 
square,  a  daughter. 

19.  In  Portland-place,  the  lady  of 
Wni.  Curtis,  esq.  a  daughter. 

At  Edinburgh,  the  lady  of  licut.  gen. 
•ir  John  Hope,  a  daughter. 

At  Brussels,  the  countess  of  Ormond 
and  Ossory,  a  daughter. 

At  Malta,  the  lady  of  major  de 
Bathe,  of  the  85th  Lightlnfiintry,  a  son. 

26.  At  Basing-park,  Hampshire,  the 
lady  of  Richard  Norris,  esq.  a  daughter. 

28.  At  Barham-court,  the  Rt.  hon. 
lady  Barbara,  a  sou. 

—  At  Connaugh  t-place,  lady  Wigram, 
a  son. 

SEPTEMBER. 

1.  At  Bath,  the  lady  of  the  hon. 
Charles  Clifford,  a  daughter. 

3.  At  Teddingion,  the  lady  of  lieut. 
col.  Mercer,  of  mt  3rd  regt.  of  guards, 
aeon. 

— At  Basset  Down-house,  in  the 
county  of  Wilts,  the  lady  of  A.  M. 
Storer,  esq.  a  son  and  heir. 

4.  AtTeddington,the  lady  of  Andrew 
Hamilton,  esq.  a  son  and  heir. 

14.  In  Devonshire-place,  the  lady  of 
W.  Clay,  jun.  esq.  a  oaughter. 

15.  In  Rusael-square,  the  lady  of  Dr. 
Darling,  a  daughter. 

At  Mount  Melville,  in  the  oounty  of 
fUe,  lady  Catherine  Whyte  Melville, 
a  son. 

At  Kennetty,  King's  county,  the  hon. 
lift.  Maud,  a  son. 


17.  At  RMha«ipto%  Defov,  the  wi£i 
of  sir  Robert  Gifiord,  attomey-geoeral, 
a  son. 

19.  At  Ditchly-house,  the  countea 
(^  Normanton,  a  son. 

22.  At  Oakley-house,  the  wife  fi 
rev.  Dr.  Frith,  a  daughter. 

23.  In  Cumberland-street,  the  bank 
ness  de  Rutaen,  a  daughter. 

—  At  the  rectory,  Blackfiriari,  MfB» 
Saunders,  a  daughter. 

24.  At  Guernsey,  Mrs.  Carey,  thf 
wife  of  the  deputy  commissary-geneisl, 
a  son. 

-^  The  wife  of  rev.  James  Hitchingi, 
of  Sunning-hill,  a  son. 

25.  In  Dublin,  the  countess  of  Long- 
ford, a  son. 

28.  In  Hertford-street,  the  lady  cf 
sir  G.  F.  Hampson,  hart,  a  son. 

—  At  Taunton,  the  lady  of  miuor 
Henry  North,  a  son. 

29.  The  lady  of  John  Sargeaunt,  esq. 
of  Coles-hill,  Herts,  a  son. 

OCTOBER. 

1.  The  ladyof  capt.  S.  P.  Hurd,  a 
daughter. 

2.  At  Midhurst,  the  hon.  lady  Stop- 
ford,  a  daughter. 

—  At  Castle-house,  Torringtoo, 
Devonshire,  the  Udy  of  A.  W.  S. 
Dcane,  esq.  a  son. 

3.  At  Twickenham,  the  lady  of  capt 
Wilbraham,  R.N.  a  son. 

5.  At  Charlton,  the  lady  of  migor 
Turner,  of  the  royal  Artillery^  a 
daughter. 

9.  At  the  seat  of  the  Rt.  hon.  lord 
Bagot,  Blithefield,  Staffordshire,  lady 
H.  Paget,  a  daughter. 

11.  At  Bushey-park,  the  seat  of 
their  royal  highuesses  the  duke  and 
duchess  of  Clarence,  the  dudiess  of 
Saxe  Weimar,  a  son. 

—  At  the  Fort,  Gravesend,  the  lady 
of  miyor  gen.  sir  Geor^  Hoste,  of  the 
royal  Engineers,  a  daughter. 

12.  In  Gloucester-nlace,  Portman- 
square,  the  lady  of  W.  I^cfa,  esq.  a  son. 

15.  At  Mark's-hall,  Essex,  the  kdy 
of  W.  P.  Hooywood,  esq.  M.P.  for  thf 
county  of  Kent^  a  son  and  heir. 

17.  In  Plark  Crescent,  the  Rt  hon. 
kdy  EHzaheth  Munay  Ma(;gregoi^  of 
Macgregor,a  son. 

20.  AtWarley-house,  Essttx,  the  lady 
of  sir  John  Hawker  English,  a  son. 

At  Edinbufffb,  lady  Pringle,  of 
Stitchel,  a  daughter. 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.         171 


M  Sdinbuigh,  lady  Bisdfosi,  a  ion. 
At  Fari8»  the  Rt.  bon.  the  countess  of 
Airly,  a  son  and  heir. 

NOVEMBER. 

4.  At  Heme-liaU,  Mi&  Carrey,  a 
daughter. 

6.  The  lady  of  J.  Smith,  esq.  of 
UplandSi  Devonshire,  a  son. 

7.  At  bis  house,  Yorlc-place,  the  lady 
of  Joseph  Heme,  esq.  M.P.  a  daughter. 

8.  At  Fimlioo-lodge,  Mrs.  EUiot,  a 
daughter. 

—  At  Plymouth  Dock,  the  lady  of  col. 
J.  J.  Cochrane,  3rd  Guards,  a  son. 

9.  The  lady  of  capt  Mackensie 
Fraaer,  of  the  93rd  regt«  aeon. 

10.  The  lady  of  col.  Woodford,  of  the 
Coldstream  guards,  a  son. 

11.  At  Woolley-park,  the  wife  of 
lieut.  col.  Clements,  M.P.  a  son. 

IS.  At  Portsmouth,  the  lady  of  m^r- 
gen.  sir  James  Lyon,  K.C.B.  a  daughter. 

—  At  Jesus  College,  Cambridge,  the 
lady  of  the  rev.  Dr.  Fjrench,  a  daughter. 

13.  In  Gloucester-place,  the  lady  of 
East  George  Cla3rton,  esq.  a  son. 

—  Lady  Dunbar,  of  Boath,  a  son. 
15.  At  Connaught-place,  the  lady  of 

sir  Charles  Henry  Coote,  bart.  M.P.  a 
daughter. 

86.  At  Southsea-lodge,  the  lady  of 
capt.  sir  Alexander  Gordon,  K.C3.  a 
daughter. 

—  At  KillerUm  Down,  the  wife  of  sir 
T.  D.  Ackland,  hart,  a  son. 

98.  At  Constable  Burton,  the  lady  of 
W.  Wyvill,  M.P.  a  daughter. 
30.  At  Don,  lady  Kennedy,  a  son. 

DECEMBER. 

4.  At  the  lodgings  of  the  principal 
of  Brazenose  College,  Oxford,  Mrs. 
Gilbert,  a  daughter. 

— -  At  Kenton-house, Devonshire,  the 
hon.  Mrs.  Lysaght,  a  son. 

B.  In  New  Norfolk-street,  the  lady  of 
John  Carrie,  jun.  esq.  a  daughter. 

6.  The  lady  of  Henry  Tennai^  esq. 
a  daughter. 

—  At  Caerleon-priofy,  tlie  lady  of 
Wm.  Phillips,  jun.  esq.  a  son  and  heir. 

7.  At  Bisbop's-court,  Isle  of  Man, 
lady  Sarah  Muirrav,  a  daughter. 

«--  At  Htcknoll,  in  the  county  of 
Dorset,  the  lady  of  sir  M.  H.  Nepea», 
bart.  twiB  daughters. 

5.  AtNbtMaby,  Linoofaishife,  lady 
itefield, 


BIRTH8. 


19.  At  AqtiiUilB-Ml,  Staflbrdsfafie, 
lady  Boughey,  a  son. 

13.  At  BeverlcT,  the  lady  of  capt 
Cure,  of  Blake-hall,  Essex,  a  son. 

18.  Lady  Caroline  Pennant,  a 
daughter. 

21.  At  Coagham  lodge,  Ihe  lady  of 
airW.  B.  Folkes,a8on.  . 

83.  At  Chale-parsonage,  Isle  ef 
Wight,  the  Udy  oS  the  rev..Craven  Ord, 
a  daughter. 

— -  At  Preshaw-house,  Hants,  the 
right  hon.  lady  Mary  Long,  wife  of 
Walter  Long,  esq.  a  son. 

84.  At  Imham-hall,  Lincolnshire, 
the  seat  of  lord  de  Clifford,  the  boa. 
Mrs.  Clifford,  a  son. 

—  At  AmcottVhouse,  the  lady  of  R. 
R.  Gorton,  esq.  a  son  and  heir. 

39.  In  Mortimer-street,  Cavendish* 
square,  the  lady  of  col.  Hugh  Baillie, 
a  daughter. 


MARRIAGES. 

JANUARY. 

1.  At  Speldhurst,  Kent,  Thos.  Baker, 
esq.  of  Ditton-place,  Kent,  to  Anne 
Everett,  eldest  daughter  of  William 
Camfield,  esq.  of  Groombridge. 

—  At  Gayton,  Edward,  eldest  son  of 
Edward  Everard,  esq.  of  Middleton 
House,  Norfolk,  to  Anna  Theodosia, 
eldest  daughter  of  St.  Andrew  St.  John, 
esq.  of  Gayton  Hall,  and  grand-daughter 
of  the  bon.  and  rev.  St.  Andrew  St. 
John,  late  dean  of  Worcester. 

8.  At  Cheringtoo,  Warwickshire,  Jas. 
Allan  Park,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the  hon. 
Mr.  Justice  Park,  to  Mary,  daughter  ot 
the  late  rev.  W.  Dickins. 

14.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-square, 
the  hon.  major  gen.  Fermor,  only 
brother  of  the  earl  of  Pomfret,  to  Mias 
Borough,  only  daughter  of  sir  Richard 
Borough,  bart.  of  Portbuid -place,  and 
niece  to  lord  viscount  Lake. 

—  At  Richmond,  Henry  Dymoke, 
esq.  eldest  son  of  the  jrev.  the  champioh 
D^moke,  of  Scrivelsby  Conrt,  Linooln* 
shire,  to  Emma,  second  daughter  off 
William  Pearce,  eaq.  of  BiUingford, 
Norfolk. 

16.  At  Haaapstoad,  Thos.  Bedcwith, 
aq.  of  Bedford-iUaee,  to  Elinibeth 
Sophia,  second  Aaghter  of  the  late 
Joba   Spottiawoode,   es^.   of  Spottis- 


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172       ANNUAL   REGISTER, 

MARRIAGES. 


ims. 


91.  AiSt.  Georive^,  HttMnrer-sqnare, 
by  tbe  dean  of  Carikle,  Lewis  Lloyd^ 
€9q.  df  N^  Norfolk-fltreety  Park-lane, 
to  Mrs.  Champion,  of  Grosvenor-square. 

23.  At  Knuteford,  Thomas,  eldest 
son  of  Thomas  Hibbert,  esq.  of  Brittas 
Hall,  Cheshire,  and  Chalfont  House, 
Bucks,  to  Caroline  Henrietta,  eldest 
daughter  of  Charles  Cholmondeley,  esq. 
of  Knutsford ;  and  niece  to  lord  Dela- 
mere. 

24.  A^  EUaston,  Staffordshire,  John 
Buller  Yarde  Buller,  esq.  of  laipton- 
honse,  Devonshire,  and  Delbome-hatl, 
Staffordshire,  to  Elixabeth,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Wilson,  esq.  of  Wootten  Park, 
Staffordshire,  and  Bank  Hall,  in  the 
oounty  of  Lancaster. 

25.  At  Wanstead,  Wra.  Walters,  esq, 
of  Girdlers  Hall,  to  Harriet  Matilda, 
youni^t  daughter  of  the  late  George 
Dettmar,  esq.  of  Blake  Hall,  Wanstead. 

27*  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-square, 
John,  eldest  son  of  John  Egremont, 
esq.  of  Reedness,  Yorkshire,  to  Harriet, 
relict  of  Frederick  P.  Robinson,  esq. 

28.  At  Woolwich,  J.  F.  Breton,  esq. 
to  Elizabeth  Frances,  daughter  of  colo- 
nel GriflBths,  of  the  Royal  Artillery. 
•  At  Dublin,  by  his  g^race  the  arch- 
bishop of  Dublin,  Rich.  Heywood,  esq. 
booker,  of  Manchester,  to  Jane,  second 
daughter  of  the  right  hon.  and  most 
rev.  Wjn.  Magee,  lord  archbishop  of 
Dublin. 

FEBRUARY. 

6.  At  St.  Pancras,  the  rev.  H.  West, 
rector  of  Berwick,  and  vicar  of  Laugh  ton, 
in  the  county  of  Sussex,  to  Louisa, 
daughter  of  the  late  sir  Robt.  Barker, 
hart. 

—  Richard,  eldest  son  of  sir  Richard 
Phillips,  to  Matilda,  only  child  of 
Tliomas  Bacon,  esq.  of  Clains,  in  the 
county  of  Worcester. 

—  Major,  sir  Charles  Angicr,  hart, 
of  St.  John 's  Lodge,  Herts,  to  Catherine, 
Frances,  eldest  daughter  of  the  rev. 
R.  FitzwiUiam,  of  Halifia,  rector  of 
Richard's  Castle,  in  the  diocese  of 
Hereford ;  and  gnud-daugliter  of  the 
late  bishop  of  St.  Asaph. 

8.  By  special  license,  at  her  ladv- 
ship's  house,  by  the  rev.  Chas.  Grant, 


Yorkshire,  to  Mary  Anne  Anna  Maria, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Sheriock  GckntIi, 
esq.  M.  P.  for  SnfiRtlk. 

12.  At  Bow-church,  by  the  rev.  Dr. 
Madeod,  rector  of  St.  Ann's  West- 
minster, and  afterwards  at  Grove  Hall, 
in  the  presence  of  his  excellebcy  tfa« 
Swedish  ambassador,  by  the  rev.  J.  P. 
Wahlin,  chaplain  to  the  embassy,  capt. 
C.  R.  Nordenskiold,  eldest  son  of  baroa 
Nordensldold,  of  Foreby,  In  Sweden, 
and  Masby,  in  Finland,  to  Margaret^ 
youngest  daughter  of  the  late  rev.  Dr. 
Lindsay  of  Grove  Hall. 

20.  G.  W.  Park,  esq.  to  ^faria,  only 
surviving  daughter  of  the  rev.  Dr.  Cop- 
pard,  rector  of  Gravely,  Cambridf^ 
shire. 

Lately  at  Castle-hill,  the  seat  of  earl 
Portescue,  nu^or  Hamlyn  Williams, 
eldest  son  of  sir  Jas.  Hamlyn  Williams, 
bart.  of  Clovely-court,  Devonshire,  and 
of  Edwinsford,  Carmarthenshire,  to  hidy 
Manr  Portescue. 

24.  Lieut.-col.  Mcyrick,  of  the  3rd 
guards,  to  the  hon.  lady  Umra  Vane, 
third  daughter  of  the  right  hon.  the  ear) 
of  Darlington. 

MARCH. 

3.  John  Lechmere,  esq.  R.N.  second 
son  of  the  late  vice-admiral  Lech- 
mere, of  Steeple  Aston, Ho  Anna  Maria, 
youngest  daughter  of  the  late  hon. 
Andrew  Foley,  M.  P.  of  Newport-house, 
HerefordRhire,  and  of  Haseley-court, 
Oxfordshire. 

5.  At  Mary-le-bone-church,  H.  R. 
Reynolds,  jun.  esq.  to  Mary  Anne, 
fourth  daughter  of  the  kite  sir  Edward 
Knatchbull,  bart.  and  eldest  daughter 
of  the  dowager  lady  Knatchbull,  of  Wim- 
pole-street. 

—  At  Pershore,  the  rev.  John  Hurst, 
son  of  R.  Hurst,  esq.  M.  P.  of  Horsham- 
park,  Sussex,  to  Catherine,  second 
daughter  of  the  rev.  the  chanceUor 
Probyn,  of  Pershore,  Worcestershire. 

— At  St.  George's,  Haaover-square, 
Phillipe  Louis  Joseph  Baron  de  DioD> 
to  Eliza,  second  daughter  of  W.  Bick- 
nell,  esq.  of  Clarges-street. 

12.  At  Walcot-church,  Bath,  R,A.T. 
Steward,  esq.  of  Nottingtoo,  in  the 
county  of  Donet,  Jieut.-colonel  of  the 
Dorset  Militia,   to  Louisa    Henrietta, 


vicar  of  West  Barham,  and  minister  of  ,    „ 

Duke-street -chapel,  Westminster,  Barry  only  daughter  of  Edward  Morgan,  esqi 

O'Meam,  esq.  to  Uuiy  Leigh.  of  Golden  Grove,  in  the  county  of  Fliit. 

Utely,atBramfieId, Suffolk,  Andrew         17.  At  St.  James's-church,   by  the. 

Lawson,   esq.   of  Aldborough  ixnlge,  very  rev.  the  dean  of  Rochesteri  George 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHROiWCLE/.       173 


MARRIAGiS. 


Catr  &yn,  «t^.  ion  of  thr  Richard  Can* 
(Hyuj  bart.  of  Gaunts,  Donet,  to  Mari- 
anne, daughter  of  ft»coe  Grenfcll^  M.P. 
of  Taploe-house,  Bucks. 

19.  At  Mary-le-bone-charch|  Henry 
Lucas,  M.  D.  to  Miss  Howel. 

90.  At  Reading,  Frederick  Bailey, 
M.  D.  to  Elitabeth,  second  daughter  of 
the  late  J.  Rainier,  esq. 

S2.  By  the  bishop  of  Exeter,  Henry 
Robert  Ferguson,  esq.  captain  of  the 
9th  Lancers,  to  Miss  Davie,  daughter 
of  the  bite,  and  sister  to  the  present  sir 
John  Davie,  hart. 

Lately,  his  grace  the  doke  of  NoHblk, 
to  Udy  Mary  Ann  Gage,  relict  of  sir 
Tbonaas  Gage,  bart. 

—  His  giace  the  duke  of  St.  Alban's 
to  Mrs.  Cothbert. 

31.  At  Bathirick-chnrch,  Bath,  sir 
William  Hort,  bart.  of  Hortland,  in  the 
county  of  Kildare,  to  Louisa  Georgiana, 
youngest  daughter  of  the  late  sir  John 
OUdweU,  bart.  of  CasUe  Caldwell,  in 
the  county  of  Fermanagh,  Ireland. 

—At  Cheltenham,  major  Creagh,  of 
the  86th  regiment,  to  Eliia,  only 
daughter  of  the  late  right  hon.  judge 
Osborne,  of  Dublin. 

—  Sir  James  Dalrymple  Hay,  of 
Park-pUce,  Wigtonshire,  to  Ann,  eldest 
daughter,  of  George  Hathom,  esq.  of 
Brunswidc-square. 

—  By  special  license,  Charles  Cal- 
Tert,  esq.  M*  P.  to  Jane,  youngest 
daughter  of  sir  William  Rowley,  hart. 
M.  P.  for  Suflblk. 

—  At  St.  Fsncras  New  Church,  ocdo- 
oei  Adams,  of  Great  Ormond-street, 
to  Gabrielle,  third  daughter  of  John 
White,  esq.  late  of  Selborne,  Hants. 

APRIL. 

3.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-square, 
lord  Petre,  to  ^ma  Agnes,  second 
daughter  of  Henry  Howard,  esq.  of 
Lower  Grosvenor-street,  and  of  C^rby 
Castle,  in  the  county  of  Cumberland. 

* —  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-square, 
by  the  hon.  and  right  rev.  the  lord 
bishop  of  Kildare,  captain  James  Lind- 
say, <k  the  Grenadier  Guards,  eldest  son 
of  the  hon*  Robert  Lindsay,  of  Balcarras, 
to  Anne,  eldest  daughter  of  sir  Coutts 
Trotter,  bart.  of  Grosvenor-square. 

3.  At  All  Saints*,  Cambridge,  the  rev. 
Edward  Miller,  B.  A.  of  Emmanuel 
College,  to  Emily,  fifth  daughter  of  the 
Jate  Dr.  Mansel,  bishop  of  Bristol,  and 
matter  of  Trini^  College,  Cambridge. 


8.  Wilfiam  Bryan  Cooke,  esq.  m  ba- 
belia  Cecilia  Viviasa,  daughter  of  tht 
late  sir  William  Middleton,  bart..  of 
Belray  Castle,  in  tke  county  of  North* 
umberland. 

—  At  Lanrug,  Carnarvonshire,  Row- 
land Hunt,  esq.  of  Borenton  Pwk,  in  the 
county  of  Shropshire,  to  Mary,  eldest 
daughter  of  Thomas  Lloyd,  esq.  of  tha 
Stone  House,  Shrewsbury.  '  \ 

10.  At  Cheltenham,  George  Nande, 
esq.  son  of  Walter  Nangle,  esq.  of  Kilr 
dalkey,  in  the  county  of  Meath,  to  Lucy 
Mary,  only  idaughter  of  the  late,  and 
to  thclpreseDt  sir  Henry  Joseph 
wrne,  part. 


of  Tichbome -house, 


sister,  t 

Tichbome, 

Hants. 

12.  By  special  license,  at  St.  Leo* 
nard's-lodge,  Horsham,Francis  Fletcher 
Vane,  esq.  eldest  son  of  sir  Frederick 
Vane,  bart  to  Diana,  third  daughter  of 
Charles  Beauclerk,  esq. 

—  By  special  license,  William  Bing- 
ham Baring,  esq.  eldest  son  of  A.  Baring, 
esq.  M.  P.  to  lady  H.  Montague, 
daughter  of  the  late,  and  sister  to  the 
present  earl  of  Sandwich. 

15,  At  Welsh  Pool,  Montgomeryshire, 
colonel  J.  H.  E.  Hilt,  C.  B.  of  the  3drd 
Royal  Welsh  Fusileer«,  to  Jane,  second 
dai^hter  of  the  late  James  Turner,  esa. 
of  that  town.— Also  the  rev.  Richard  J; 
Davis,  of  Gttilfield^  Montgomeryshire, 
to  Eliza  Eleanora,  youngest  daughter  of 
the  same. 

—  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-square, 
James  Edmund  Leslie,  esq.  eldest  son 
of  James  Leslie,  esq.  of  Leslie  Hall,  in 
the  county  of  Antrim,  to  Sarah,  youngest 
daughter  of  the  right  rev.  bishop  Sand* 
ford,  of  Edinburgh. 

21.  By  special  license,  at  the  resi- 
dence of  lord  Ravensworth  in  Portland- 
place,  the  hon.  Wm.  Keppel  Barring- 
ton,  eldest  son  of  viscount  Barrington, 
to  the  hon.  Jane  Elizabeth  Liddell. 

Lately,  at  Dunbar-house,  J.  War- 
render,  esq.  son  of  the  late  sir  Patrick 
Warrender,  of  Lochend,  bart.  to  lady 
Juliana  Jane  Maitland,  youngestdaoghr 
ter  of  the  eari  of  Lauderdale. 

At  Duff-house,  nearBanfi^  the  seat 
of  the  eari  (^  Fife,  Hughes  Ball,  esq. 
to  Mademoiselle  Mercandotti.  imme- 
diately after  the  ceremony  they  set  off 
for  Dalgety  Castle,  the  seat  of  gen.  Duff 

At  Edinburgh,  captain  W.  Murray, 
of  the  East  India  Company's  service, 
the  Madias  Establishment,  to  Mrs. 
Campbell,  relict  of  col.  Campbell,  of 
Ballachyle,  Argyleshire. 


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174      ANNUAL 


Aft  BdinbiKgkf  the  right  hon.  lord 
Dimianyr  to  the  hon.  MIm  Kittaftf  rd. 

At  Brookfanul%  Kiricendbrigfat,  the 
•OAt  of  George  Charies  Joaet,  esq.  Johm 
Birneyi  esq.  to  Helen  Cordelia  Jonesi. 

MAY. 

1 .  At  Cheleea»  CburlesScfareibeiv  etq. 
of  Hinchelsea-lodge,  Hants,  to  Ameliiiy 
eldest  daogfater  of  mi^-general  sir 
John  Cameron,  K.  C.  B. 

1.  At  Brighton,  hy  the  dean  of  Here* 
Ibid,  6t.  Leger  Hill,  esq.  captain  of  the 
Ifith  Lancen,  son  of  the  hite  A.  HiFl, 
esq.  of  Doaeraille,  to  CatfaeHne,  seeond 
daughter  of  the  late  J.  Nugent,  esq.  ef 
Chiy-hin,  Epsom,  and  niece  of  the  late 
Tight  hon.  &lmund  Burke. 

8.  At  Wandsworth,  Surrey,  the  rev. 
J.  Whitelocic,  to  Frances'  Benedict 
Anastasia,  only  daughter  of  J.  Pritchard, 
esq.  of  Giiiy's-Inn*huie-raad,  and  niece 
to  the  late  sir  Wiliooghby  Aston,  hart. 

Id.  At  St.  Marywle^hone  Church,  capt. 
Job  Hanmer,  R.N.  of  Holbroolr-hall, 
Sufibllc  (nephew  of  ^r  T.  Hanmer,  hart) 
to  Harriet,  daughter  of  the  late  T. 
0awaon,e8q.  of  Cdward8ton-hall,Saflfolk. 

15.  At  St.  James's  Charch,  the  rev. 
WWker  King,  eldest  son  of  the  lord 
bishop  of  Rochester,  to  Anne,  third 
daoghter  of  Dr.  Heberden. 

—  At  Worcester,  Charles  Hastings, 
M.  D.  son  of  the  rev.  James  Hastings, 
n^lor  of  Mardey,  in  the  coanty  of 
Worcester,  to  Hannah,  eldest  danghter 
of  Dr.  Woodgatt,  of  Worcester. 

tfu  Charles  R.  SperKng,  esq.  yovngeet 
wtt  of  John  Sperling,  esq.  of  Dynes-hall, 
Essex,  to  Louisa,  only  danghter  of  the 
]Me  Thomas  Astle,  esq.  of  Gosfield,  in 
ilht  eame  county. 

^At  Ovingdeane,  neat  Brlghtmi, 
Nathaniel  Kemp,  esq.  to  Angnsta  Ca- 
rolina, second  oaoghter  of  the  late  sir 
Mm  Eamer. 

«—  At  Devonshire*hottse,  by  the  arcfa- 
btohopof  York,  earl  Gower,  eldest  son 
of  the  marquis  of  Staflbrd,  to  the  hon. 
H.  Howard,  third  daughter  ef  loid  and 
My  Morpeth. 

t».  At  St.  Oiles-in-the-Pields,  sir 
Mft.  Williams,  of  Stamford-httl,  to  Miss 
SlaMe,  ofthe  Terrtoe,  KeotWi-towv. 

JUNE. 

4.  At  Btfb.  Horatio  Davis,  esq.,  oidy 
«BW'or  «lr  JbhuDtvitf,  to  MtssJkOMM, 
dft^hterolsiF  WdHar  r 


REGISTER,    1823. 

MAKRIACHSS. 


6.  John  DoAeld,  eaq.  of 
street,  Ruael-equare,  to  fili»,yonngeei 
dlMghter  of  BoBjiaBilQ  Bovttle,  esq.  el 
Putney. 

9.  At  Castletown,  Isle  of  Man, 
Richard,  only  son  of  Joseph  MeUio^ 
esq.  of  Wakefield,  to  Jane»  eldest 
danghter  of  the  hon.  Richard  Midliaar 
and  grand-danghter  of  \ot4.  Yeakxjfli 
Bromham-hooM^Dingleyin  tfaeooniflyef 
Kerry. 

—  At  St.  James's  church,  by  the  rer. 
John  Magenis,  vicsar  of  Harold,  |Be<- 
fordshire,  J.  A.  Warre,  esq.  M.P.  flf 
Cheddon  Fiiey  Peine,  SomeiaetAtre,  t* 
Pk>rence  Catherine,  jroongest  daoglitir 
of  Richard  Magenis,  M.P.  of  QtmnmU 
place. 

14.  By  special  licence,  at  St.  Geoige^ 
IbnoveT^sqnare,  1^  the  lord  bishop  of 
Calcutta,  Andrew  W.  Corbet,  esq.  ef 
Sandome-casUe,  Shropahire,  to  Mary 
Emma,  yoiMgest  danghteref  the  kite 
John  Hill,  esq.  of  Hawkstone-paik,  ia 
that  comity,  grand-danghter  to  sir 
John  HUl,  bart.  and  niece  to  the  light 
hon.  lord  Hill. 

—  At  Mary-le-bone-churoh,  by  Wi 
grace  the  lord  archbishop  of  Dubtto, 
John  M<Neile,  esq.  ddest  eon  of  Alex- 
ander M^eile,  esq.  of  Ballycssti^ 
Ireland,  to  Charlotte  Lavinia,  ycMOg'*' 
daughter  of  major-general  sir  Thosrti 
Dallas,  K.C3.  ^ 

17.  At  St.  George's,  Bloomshary,  by 
the  rev.  R.  H.  MiUington,  B.A.  of  St. 
John's  college,  Oxford,  John  Prf**^ 
esq.  of  Cheltenham,  to  Mary  Ann,  only 
danghter  of  the  bMe  Richard  J.  MUliegr 
ton,  esq.  of  GuUdford-street,  Ram^ 
square. 

19.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-square 
by  the  bishop  of  Meath,  the  rev. 
Richard  Bracken  Michel,  fe'^o^^ 
Queen's  college,  Oxford,  to  Henri^ 
Harriet,  eldest  daughter  of  the  M^ 
Duncan  Oanqphell,  esq.  of  BediMd- 
square. 

—  At  StreaOiam,  George  €mm 
esq.  of  the  Inner  Temple,  Barrirter-at- 
km,  to  Miss  Poors,  eldest  aialer  to  fir 
Edward  Poofe,  bait. 

JULY. 

1.  At   Ipitei,   Oxon,   Kent  AH* 
Ftands  Gaidhier,  R.N.  ^liid   t^ 
Samuel  Gardiner,  esq.  of  CoomUMW^ 
Oxou,  to  Julia  Sosanna,  seeood  *" 
of  John  Reede>  esq.  of  I 
in  the  aaase  ootntgr. 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.        175 

'MARRUOBS. 


.  ^BjrlftMnv.  lord  John  Tbyane,  the 
I^Mi^  H«Bry  Uscelles,  to  lady  Lamm 
Th  jnoe^  dMigbter  of  the  nmi^B  and 
BUirchioDeM  of  Bath. 
.  8.  At  the  hovse  of  Bamngton  Price, 
esq.  of  Haslenierf,  Robert  Price,  esq. 
MJP.  for  Htreford,  and  only  son  of 
Uv»dal«  Price,  esq.  of  Poxley,  to  Mary 
Aaoe  BHaabeth,  yonngett  daaghterof 
the  late  rer.  Dr.  Price,  prebendary  of 
Durham,  and  canon  residentiary  of 
Silisbiiry. 

1^  AtChurstonFerrerttDevonshirey 
by  the  rev.  J.  Dix,  colonel  WIIHam 
Woodp  to  Charlotte  Elizabeth,  eldett 
•Mgliter  of  capt.  Edward  DH,  R.N. 

—  At  Speldhurst,  Kent,  major  Brook 
Bridges  Fftriby,  of  the  Madras  army,  to 
Mm  Maria  Plumb. 

16.  At  Cheltenham,  Isaac  Hawkins 
Morrison,  esq.  Post-captain  in  the 
rml  Navy,  to  Louisa  Adams,  daughter 
or  John  Powell  Smith,  esq.  of  Upper 
Berkeloy-strpet,  Portman-sqnare. 

—  At  St*  George's,  Hanover-square, 
by  the  rev.  lliomas  White,  John 
Jarrett,  esq.  of  Marelands,  Htnts,  and 
Gbmerton^bousey  Somersetshire,  to 
Anns  Eliza  Waller,  youngest  daughter 
0f  sir  Matthew  Waller,  bart.  of  Pope's 
Villa,  Twickenham,  and  of  Hertford- 
street,  May-fiur. 

17.  At  St«  George's,  Hanover-square, 
Ml.  Mackinoon,  to  Anne  Jane,  eldest 
iaogbterof  John  Dent,  esq.  M.P. 

82.  At  Marv-le-bone-church,  James 
Bteekirell,  eldest  son  of  Wm.  Pnied, 
esq.  of  Tyringham,  Bucks,  and  Tre- 
ftlban,  Cornwall,  to  Sophia,  second 
iattghter  of  the  Ute,  and  sister  of  the 
pttstetkt  Charles  Chaplhi,  esq.  M.P.  for 
Ibe  ooonty  of  Lincoln. 

S9.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sqoare, 
by  the  rev.  Moss  King,  John  James 
Rhig,  esq.  eldest  son  of  J.  King,  esq.  of 
Gnavenor- place,  to  the  hon.  Charlotte 
Wyndham,  youngest  daughter  of  the 
carl  of  Egremont. 

•^  At  St.  George's,  Anover^quare, 
k»d  visoouni  Sidmooth,  to  the  hon. 
Mrs.  Townsbend,  daughter  of  lord 
Slowell,  snd  relict  of  the  late  Thomas 
Townsbend,  esq.  of  Hoiiington*ha))| 
Warwfekshire. 

ab.  At  St.  George^,  Hanover-square, 
WWin  Gordon  Coesvelt,  esq.  jim<  of 
Upper  Biook'Street,  to  Amia  Maria^ 
d«4rbter  oi  Henry  Baring,  esq.  of 
B«ckelMr<:«quare. 

•I.  Henry  BiHcheek^  e«q.  bttnben  ^ 
hfMk  Regisi  ilk  the  oottUy.of  HmUSk^ 


to  EHnb^tfa  Lucy,  youngest  dtUghier 
of  the  late  Robert  Barclay,  esq.  of 
C^pham-common,  Surry. 

-At  Mary-le-bone-chureh,  by  tb# 
hon.  and  rev.  Henry  Watson,  the  faott^ 
George  John  Milles,  of  Elmliam-baU, 
Norfolk,  second  son  of  the  kite  lord 
Sondes,  to  Eleanor,  second  daughter  of 
the  dowager  lady  Kaatchboll,  W  Wbn- 
polo-strset. 

—  At  Blunham,  Richard  Hetley^ 
esQ.  of  Wilton,  to  Caroline  Letitia, 
eloest  daughter  of  John  Campbell,  esq. 
of  Domioon,  Seotland,  and  Blunham^ 
house,  Bedfordshire,  and  niece  of 
Wadham  Wyudham,  esq.  M.P.  for 
SkiHsbory. 

—  AtOtley,  lient.-gen.  sir  Edward 
Barnes,  K.C.B.  governor  of  Ceykm,  to 
Maria,  eldest  daughter  of  Walter 
Fftwkes,  esq.  of  Fkrnley*hall,  in  the 
county  of  York. 

—  At  Bishop's-court,  by  special 
licence,  the  right  hon.  earl  Fi(awnli«n» 
to  the  dowager  lady  Ponsonby ;  the  age 
of  the  former  is  78,  of  the  latter  70. 

AUGUST. 

.  1.  At  Clifton,  Matthew  Henry  Lister, 
esq.  eldest  son  of  Matthew  Banereft 
Uster,  esq.  of  Barwell-park,  Lineeln^ 
shire,  to  Arabella,  fourth  daughter  of 
J.  Cracroft,  esq.  of  Hackthom,  in  the 
same  county. 

4.  John  Vaughan,  esq.  one  of  bis 
miyesty's  serjeants-at-law,  to  the  right 
hon.  Louisa  baroness  St.  Jobn>  relict  o^ 
the  late,  and  mother  of  the  present 
lord  St.  John,  of  Bletsoe. 

Et,  At  Walcot^ohurcb,  Bathf  Edward 
Semple,  of  Clare*hall,  Cambridge,  to 
Sarah  Helen,  only  daughter  of  the  kite 
John  Peane,  esq.  of  ^srrodLS-lodge, 
Somersetshire. 

6.  At  Cossey,  Norfolk,  by  spedat 
licence,  by  the  right  rev.  the  bbhop  of 
Norwich,  Thomas  Alexander  Praser, 
esq.  of  Lofat  and  Strlehen,  to  Charlotte 
Geofgiana,  eldest  daughter  of  sir  George 
J^miogbam,  bart.  of  Cossey^hall. 

7.  At  Tbtteridge,  Herts,  by  the  de^ii 
of  Cluiti^  the  hon.  capt  Granville 
George  Waldegrave,  R.N.  oldest  son  of 
admiral  ford  Radsteck,  to  Esther  Caro« 
line,  youngest  daaghter  of  the  late  John 
Puget,  esq.  of  Ttoneridfte* 

—  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-square, 
Frederick  AksniMbr^soii  of  eir  Willftai 
AaffDitua  Ccmyaghaaie,  harU  .ts  Aatfy 
yotngoU  dMgbtIr  jof   Bdbavd  M^ 


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17(J       ANNUAL   REGISTER.    1823. 


MARRIAGES. 


eiq.  cli«iniiaii  of  the  board  of  Customs 
SurSootlaQd. 

—  At  Mary-le-bono*chureh,  Alex- 
ander Grey,  esq.  to  Mrs.  Wigtell,  relict 
of  the  rev.  Attwood  Wigsell,  of  Sander^ 
steady  Surrey. 

~  The  hoD.  Frederick  Calthorpe,  to 
lady  Charlotte  Somerset. 

13.  At  St.  Mary's  Lambeth,  sir 
William  Blizardy  of  Devooshire^square, 
to  Miss  Blizardi  of  Briiton. 

14.  AtSt.Pancra»-churcfa,Mr.GeorKe 
Chatfield,  of  Burton-crescent,  to  Miss 
Barry,  only  daughter  of  the  late 
Richard  Barry,  e9q.  of  Palmer's  Green. 

—  At  St.  Creorge's,  Hanover-square, 
George  Montague  Williams,  eldest  son 
of  W.  WUliams,  esq.  M.P.  to  Anna 
Maria,  eldest  daughter  of  Samuel  Scott, 
esq.  M.P.  of  Sandridge-park,  Kent; 
and  grand-daughter  of  sir  Claude  Scott, 
bart  of  Lytchet-minster,  I^orsetshire, 

16.  At  St.  Mary's,  Islington,  J.  Bow- 
yer,  esq«  of  Caldwell-hall,  Worcefster- 
shire,  to  Catherine,  sister  of  colonel 
Riyne,  of  Exmouth. 

18.  At  Mary-le-bone-church,  Wm. 
MtUigen,  M.D.  of  Sloane-street,  to 
Elizabeth  Sybil,  second  daughter  of  the 
late  colonel  lAne,  of  the  hon.  Cast- 
India  company's  service,  and  of  Lenes- 
ville,  in  the  county  of  Dublin. 

19.  At  Maiy-le-bone-church,  capt. 
Franklin,    R.N.     to    Eleanor    Anne, 

oungest    daughter   of    the  late    W. 
'  ^rden,  esq.  of  Bemers-street. 

25.  At  Broadclyst,  in  the  county  of 
Devon,  Henry  Jenkinson,  esq.  R.N. 
eldest  son  of  the  late  general  Jenkinson, 
to  Miss  Acland,  daughter  of  the  late, 
and  sister  to  the  present  sir  Thos.  Dyke 
Acland,  bart. 

26.  William  Theed,  esq.  of  Hilton- 
house,  Huntingdonshire,  to  Ann^  eldest 
daughter  of  J.  Vipan,  esq.  of  Sutton 
Gault,  in  the  Isle  of  Ely. 

28.  At  St.  James's-church,  Gilbert 
East  Jolifie,  esq.  to  Margaret  Ellen, 
daughter  of  sir  Edward  Banks. 

—  At  Lakenham,  Norfolk,  Charles 
Edwards,  esq.  solicitor,  of  that  place, 
to  Harriet,  second  daughter  of  the  late 
Afr.  Francis  Smith,  of  Norwich,  and 
niece  to  sir  James  Edward  Smith,  M  J>. 
F.L.S.&C. 

SEPTEMBER. 

2.  At  Waloot-ehurcb,  Bath,  Joaeph 
MarUneau,  esq.  to  Caroline,  youngest 
daughter  of  the  late  Vr.  Fany,  of  that 
city. 


yoi 

PO] 


4.  At  Beddgelert,  CumunnmkAn, 

Hen.  Hesketh,  esq.  only  son  of  Heaiy 
Hesketh,  esq.  of  Newton,  Cheshire,  to 
Margaret,  second  daughter  of  the  lafee 
James  Hilton,  esq.  of  Penntngtoft-hall, 
and  Smedley,  lAncashire. 

6.  At  St.  Georee*s,  Hanover-sqnarev 
the  hon.  Thomas  Dundas,  eldest  aoo  of 
lord  Dundas,  to  Sophia  Jane,  daughter 
of  the  lale,  and  sister  to  the  prcaent 
sir  Hedworth  Williamson,  bart. 

8.  At  Mary-le-bone-church,  bv  the 
rev.  sir  Robert  Peat,  Fmncis  Heniy 
Davis,  esq.  of  his  majesty's  Remea- 
brancer's  office,  to  Lucy  Clementine, 
only  daughter  of  lord  Maurice  Drum- 
mond. 

—  At  SL  Mary's,  Glouceeter,  sir 
Anthony  Lechmere,  bart.  of  the  lUiyd, 
in  the  county  of  Worcester,  to  Mm 
Villiers,  bar-maid  at  the  Hop-pole'Inn, 
in  the  city  of  Worcester. 

—  At  St.  Nicholas',  Warwick,  the 
rev.  W.  Chambers,  B.D.  vicar  sf 
Ashbury,  Berks,  and  Ute  Fellow  of 
Magdalen  college,  Oxford,  to  Jane, 
third  daughter  of  the  late  rev.  Dr.  Pell, 
rector  of  Brereton,  in  the  county  of 
Chester. 

9.  At  Mary-le-bone-church,  captain 
M<Alpine»  15th  Hussars,  eldest 
son  o£  Coningham  M' Alpine,  esq.  oC 
Gardiner's-plaee,  in  the  county  of  Dub- 
lin, to  Louisa,  second  daughter  U 
lliomas  Delves  Brougbtos,  esq.  oC 
Stratibrd-place. 

~-  At  Mary-le-bone,  bv  the  rev. 
Wm.  Long,  canon  of  Windsor,  H. 
Seymour  Montagu,  esq.  to  Maria, 
youngest  daughter  of  the  late  Beeston 
Long,  esq.  of  Combe-house,  Surrey; 
and  niece  to  the  right  hon.  .sir  Charies 
Long,  G.C.B. 

10.  At  Sidmottth,  CodringUm  Pair, 
esq.  of  Stonelands,  Devon,  to  Harriet 
Lvdia,  youngest  daughter  of  Henry 
Manning,  esq.  of  Sidmouth,  and  niece 
to  admiml  sir  Robert  Barlow,  K.C3. 

11.  At  Northfleet,  Richard  Gilbert, 
esq.  of  St.  John's-square,  to  Anne,  only 
daughter  of  the  rev.  George  Whittaker. 

—  At  St.  Albans,  John,  second  son 
of  John  Smart,  esq.  of  Trewitt-house, 
in  the  county  of  Northumberiand,  to 
Mary- Ann,  eldest  daughter  of  the  late 
rev.  Thomas  Gregory,  of  Henslow, 
Bedfordshire. 

16.  At  Bromley-church,  by  the  hoo. 
and  right  rev.  Edward  Legge,  lord 
bishop  of  Oxford,  William  Saunden, 
esq.  capt.  royal  horse  artillery,  to  Elia 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE,        177 


CM}*,  tHOBd  dcottbter 
Bkrrd,  esq.  M.P.  dr  PUistow-lodge, 
ftnd  Cftaries  Barry  Baldwin,  e^.  of  the 
Ifioer^temple,  secretary  to  the  Com- 
vnmHoa  for  Claims,  on  France,  to 
Prances  Lydia,  third  daughter  of  the 
flune  eentieman. 

At  Dnlitin,  Richard  Cowen  Chambers, 
«so;  second  son  of  J.  Ctuunbers,  eso.  of 
fJHmrd,  to  Caroline,  second  daughter 
of  the  late  Robert  Warren,  rector  of 
*Riam  and  Cong,  and  niece  to  sir 
WMam  and  the  right  hon.  sir  Gore 
Ouseley,  bart. 

OCTOBER- 


MARRIAGES. 

of  Waiter  .  Thos.  Waterbouse  Kaye,  esq.  of  flw 
Middle  Temple,  barrister -at^hiw,  to 
Mary  Ann,  fonrtii  daoghter  of  the  rev. 
Dr.  Illingworth,  of  the  former  place. 

^  At  Reading,  the  rev.  Philip  FiUeat, 
rector  of  St.  Bredlade's,  and  lecturer 
of  St.  Aubins,  Jersey,  to  Catherine 
Elizabeth  Blanche,  fourth  daughter, — 
and  the  rev.  Peter  French,  to  Penelope 
Arabella,  youmest  daughter  of  the  rev. 
Dr.  Valpy,  of  Reading. 

15.  At  Gardesley,  Herefordshire,  by 
the  rev.  Geo.  Coke,  W.  Sarsfield  Rositer 
Cockbom,  only  son  and  heir  of  the  la:te 


1.  At  Hampstead,  G.  Falton,  esq. 
late  captain  of  the  II th  regt.  light 
Dragoons,  to  Mrs.  Probyn,  relict  of  the 
late  governor  Probyn,  and  daughter  of 
tiie  late  general  Rooke. 

—  At  Ripley-castle,  Charles  Slings- 
by,  esq.  or  Loftns,  in  the  county  of 
York,  son  of  the  late  sir  Thos.  Slingsby, 
liart.  of  Scrivwen-park,  and  Red-house, 
In  the  same  county,  to  Emma  Hffauv 
^aret,  daughter  of  Thomas  Atkinson, 
'esq.  oi  Fairhill,  Lancashire. 

*  4;  At  Weston-church,  near  Bath, 
n^or  Alexander  Campbell,  of  the  3rd 
-guards,  to  Mary,  sister  to  captain 
oamuei  Brown,  RN. 

6.  At  Nether  Winchendon,  Bucks, 
the  rer.  Chas.  Spencer,  rector  of 
"Wheatfield,  Oxfordshire,  and  nephew 
to  the  duke  of  Marlborough,  to  Mary 
•Anne,  daughter  of  sir  Scrope  Bernard 
Morkind,  bart.  M.P. 

7.  Major  gen.  Carey,  to  Miss  Man- 
i^ng,  daughter  of  WUliam  Nfonning, 
esq.  M.P.  fbr  Lymfaigton. 

9.  At  Cann-Church,  Shaftesbury, 
Dorsetshire,  the  rev.  John  Horsley, 
Dakin,  domestic  chaplain  to  hi«  roval 
Bfghness  the  duke  of  York,  to  Sophia 
Matilda  Caroline  Mansel,  youngest 
dmugbtftr  of  the  late  bishop  of  Bristol, 
and  master  of  Trinity  college,  Cam- 
Mdge. 

—  At  Ditton-park,  the  hon.  P.  F. 
Cust,  M.P.  to  lady  IsabelU  Scott,  sister 
to  the  duke  of  Buccleugh. 

13.  At  Yarmouth,  in  the  county  of 
Norfolk,  Jas.  (Cohen)  Palgrave,  esq.  of 
the  Inner  Temple,  to  Elizabeth,  second 
daughter  of  Dawson  Turner,  esq. 
banker,  of  the  former  place. 

— >  At  Bath,  the  rev.  Dr.  Provost,  to 
Mrs.  Fawke. 

—  At  Scampton,  near  Uncohishire, 
Vol.  LXV. 


gen.  sir  W.  Cockbum,  of  Cockbum  and 
Rvalaw,  bart.  to  Anne,  eldest  daughter 
or  the  rev.  Fras.  Coke,  of  Lower  Moor> 
Herefordshire,  Prebendary  of  Here- 
ford, &c. 

16.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-square, 
Henry  Philip  Powys,  ef^q.  eldest  son  of 
Philip  Lybbe  Powys,  esq.  of  Hardwick 
House,  Oxfordshire,  and  Broomfield 
House,  Middlesex,  to  Philippa  Emma 
Shawe,  of  Upper  Brook-street,  youngest 
daughter  of  the  late  William  Cunliffe 
Shawe,  esq. 

17.  At  Kirk  Deighton,  Offley,  second 
son  of  Sam.  Shore,  esq.  of  Norton  Hall, 
Derbyshire,  to  Eliza,  second  daoghter 
of  John  Brecom,  esq.  of  North  Deigh- 
ton, Yorkshire. 

—  At  Salisbunr  Cathedra],  John 
Mirehoiise,  esq.  or  Brownslade,  Pem- 
brokeshire, to  Miss  Elizabeth  Fisher, 
youngest  daughter  of  the  bishop  (tf 
Salisbury. 

19.  Miiyor  Stepney  Cowell,  of  the 
Coldstream  Guards,  to  Miss  Murray, 
eldest  daughter  of  general  John  Mqrray. 

S5.  At  Twickenham,  Edward  Hall 
Alderson,  esq.  of  the  Inner  Temple,  to 
Miss  Drewe,  daughter  of  the  late  rev. 
Edward  Drewe,  of  Broadhembury,  De- 
vonshire. 

At  Kimbolton,  by  the  right  rev.  the 
lord  bishop  of  linooln,  Evan  Baillie, 
esq.  of  Dochfour,  to  ladv  Georgiana 
Montagu,  daughter  oi  the  auke  of  Man- 
chester. 

At  Kirkaldy,  by  the  rev.  Dr.  Martin, 
of  Monimail,  the  rev.  Edward  Irving, 
A.  M.  of  the  Caledonian  Chapel,  Hatton 
Garden,  to  Isabella,  eldest  daughter  of 
the  rev.  John  Martin,  of  Kirkaldv. 

At  Ghent,  Thos.  MolyneuxSeele,  esq. 
of  Hurst  House,  Lancashire,  to  Agnea 
Mary,  third  daughter  of  sir  Richard 
Bedingfield,  bart.  of  Oxburgh  HaM^ 
Norfolk. 

At  Berne,   at  the  English  ambas- 
N 


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178       ANNUAL   REGISTER,    18». 


MARRIAGES* 


•ador'f  clutpely  l(»rd  visamiU  Sapdon, 
eldest  son  of  the  earl  of  Harrowby,  to 
My  Frances  Stewart,  only  daughter  of 
the  marchioness  of  Bute,  and  grand- 
•dauffhter  of  the  late  Thos.  Coutts,  esq. 

NOVEMBER. 

3.  The  rev.  W.  Vernon,  of  Hanbnry, 
Worcestershire,  to  Miss  Foley,  eldest 
daughter  of  the  late  Herbert  Foley, 
«8q.  of  Rid^eway,  Pembrokeshire. 

4.  Wm.  Pott,  esq.  of  Bridge^street, 
to  Mary»  eldest  daughter  of  sir  Charles 
Price,  bart. 

—  Lately,  W.  Clayton,  esq.  third  son 
,of  George  Clayton,  esq.  of  Lostock-hall, 
near  Preston,  Lfincashire,  and  nephew 
of  the  late  lord  Gardner,  to  Mary. 
third  daughter  of  the  late  Edward 
Goist,  esq.  of  Preston,  and  niece  of  the 
late  Robert  Lowndes,  esq.  of  Bath. 

6.  At  Arundel,  Mr.  Cust,  of  Curzon- 
street,  to  Mrs.  Wall,  relict  of  the  late 
brevet-n^jor  Ada«i  Wall,  of  the  royal 
Artillery. 

10.  At  Mary-le-bone-church,  Walter 
SMvenson  Davidson,  esq.  of  Inchmarlo, 
Kincardineshire,  to  Anne,  only  daughter 
of  Gilbert  Matthison,  esq.  and  grand- 
daughter of  the  late  sir  Walter  Far- 
quhar,  bart. 

—  At  St  George's,  Bloom^buiy,  by 
the  rev.  G.  Ludlord  Harvey,  vicar  of 
Biseworth,  and  one  of  the  domestic 
chaplains  of  the  duke  of  York,  Henry 
N.  Daniel,  esq.  of  the  royal  Artillery, 
te  Maraaretta  Lucy,  only  daughter 
of  sir  Ludfbrd  Harvey,  of  Bedford^ 
place. 

18.  At  Leyhoume,  Thomas  Gardiner 
Bramston,  esq.  of  Seieens,  Essex,  to 
Charlotte,  widow  of  the  rev.  Brook 
John  Bridges,  and  d^iughter  of  sir 
Henry    Hawley,   bart.  of    Leyboume 

.Grange. 

At  Palseley,  Glen  Urquhart,  Invet- 
mss-fhire,  sir  Charles  Chambers,  one  of 

.the  Judges  of  the  supreme  court  of 
Judicature,     Bombay,     to     IsabelU, 

.^UBgest  daughter  of  the  i»ta  major 


DECEMBER. 


3.  At  Chichester,  by  the  rev.  Arch- 
deacon Webber,  the  hop,  capt.  Qerkeley , 
R.N.  to  lady  Charlotte  Lennox,  sister 
to  the  duke  of  Richmond. 

4.  At  Uanover,  Monmouthshire,  by 
the  rev.  Dr.  Hall,  cfaanoellor  of  Llandaff, 


Bei^jamin  Hail,  t^^  of^HttMil-cwyei 
GlamorgaoshiPf,  Vid  of  Abercamei 
Monmouthshire,  eldest  son  <^  the  Iste 
member  for  Glamorganshirf,  to 
Augusta,  youngest  daudnter  ofBeiy^ 
min  Waddington,  esq*  of  L4anover. 

—  Atlinsted,  Kent,  William  Taylob 
esq,  nephew  to  lord  Teyohun,  of 
Linsted-lpdge,  to  Eliabeth  Tftylor,  of 
New-house,  at  the  same  places  nteoe  It 
John  Baring,  esq.  of  Nouds,  ditto. 

11.  At  Bathford,  capt  Oliver,  dSol 
regt  to  Maiy,  daughter  of  rear-AdMif 
Dacres. 

—  At  King's  Norton,  the  rev.  George 
William  Bov^r  Adderley,  of  FUIoog- 
ley-hall,  Warwickshire,  to  Caroline, 
youngest  daughter  of  the  lale  Jshn 
Taylor,  esq.  of  Mosejey-ball,  Worcester^ 
shirei 

16.  At  West  Wnlting,  Cambri4gi- 
shire,  the  rev.  Wm.  Acton,  rect»r  sf 
Ayott  St  Laurence,  Herts,  to  Hen- 
rietta, fourth  daughUr  of  sir  C.  W^tsoo, 
bart  of  Wratting-park. 

—  J.  S.  Henslow,  A.M.  of  St  Joho'k^ 
college  and  professor  of  Minendpgy  ia 
that  University,  to  Harript,  stcond 
daughter  of  the  rev.  George  JenyiVy 
of  Bottisham-hall,  in  the  county  of 
Cambridge. 

—  At  Huyton,  Edward  Pcnrhyn,  Ma 
of  the  rev.  Oswald  Lyceater,  of  Stokfr 
in  the  county  of  Salop,  to  the  hpo- 
Charlotte  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau^^ter  of 
lord  Stanley,  of  Knowsley,  in  m 
county  of  Lancaster. 

—  By  special  licence, at  St  Georjt% 
Hanover-square,  by  the  rev.  Gco^jP 
Champagne,  canon  of  Windsor,  WiJIism 
Duncombe,  esq.  M.P.  to  hidy  LwiiJ 
Stuart,  youngest  daughter  of  the  stp 
of  Galloway.  ^   . 

19.  At  St.  Pancras,  Robert  Mlt^i 
esq.  of  the  Ordnance-office,  to  W* 
Stanger,  daughter  of  James  SMffff 
esq.  of  Doughty-streel* 

Lately,  at  EdifibmKi>j  ^^  AUiaom 
Elton,  bart  of  Elvedon  Court,  SoipsJ^ 
setshire,  to  Mary,  eldest  daughter  « 
the  late  WUliam  Stewart,  ew.  oi  Csstle 
Stewart,  and  niece  to  the  ear[  of 
Seaforth. 


PROMOTIONS. 

JANUARY. 

3.  /Tflf^cf.— 77th  reg,foot;  hfn^ 
lieut.-col.  Murdoi^k  Hugli  MBC^f^^  ^^ 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHRaMCLE.        179 


he.liinl.«c6i.  viM  Bromfaead;  raptain 
Gtorge-BuiBh  Bndsbair  to  be  mafor, 
Mer  Bfadaine. 

The  gMHto  ef  Jan.  7,  contoiiiB  the 
ceremonial  of  the  investiture  of  mi|j.- 
gen.  sir  T.  Pritzler  with  the  ensigns  of 
a  knight  commander  of  the  hath. 

10.  /iFSww^^.— Royal  reg.  of  Horse 
Goards;  Ueut.  F.  W.  C.  Smith  to  be 
Ml.  vice  Jthb,  who  retires. 

ai.  mkiUkali.'^Rlghi  hon.  Frede- 
rick John  Robinson,  chancellor  and 
niHler^traasnrer  of  his  majesty's  Ez- 
cheqvsr. 

Riight  hon.  Wm.  Huskisson,  treasnrar 
ef  his  majesty's  navy. 

—  JDMeAy  e^/^jMWfto*.^  Right  boo. 
Nicholas  Vansittart,  chancellor  of  the 
ii&d  ditehy  and  county  pahitine  of  lAn. 
OMter;  and  the  gaaette  of  15th  Feb.^ 
coHHitti  his  elevation  to  the  peerage, 
h^  the  title  of  baron  Bexley,  of  Beiley 
in  Kent. 

Naval  PnoMonoiia. 

IhtAe  Rankof  Poti  C(fiain,^€&j^ 
turn  k>rd  tienry  Thynne,  hon.  Frede. 
rick  Spencer,  Archibald  McLean,  John 
Theed,  James  H.  Plnmridge,  Charles 
NaiaoPi  George  Tyler,  and  JohnFranck- 
lyn. 

7b  tfe  MUmk  of  Commander.-^Uen- 
ttmnto  T.  Boarchier,  J.  Lovrnr,  D.  J. 
Woodriff,  Edwin  L.  Rich,  A.  Kennedy 
(B^  R  M.  Harrington,  C.  Hope,  H. 
R.  MooraoBSy  W.  Moriarty,  and  R. 
Chamberiay&e. 

EcCLCBUSTKAa  PaBPBBlfKIfTB. 

Rev.  Rtginald  Heber,  M.  A.  to  the 
bishopric  of  Calcutta. 

.Mcv.  G«orge-Lewe8  Benson,  vicar- 
cfaaral  of  SaUsbary  Cathedral. 

Rev.  J.  Mayo^  Avebury  V.  Wilts. 
I^^ag  the  ftmrth  incumbent  in  that 
Dfoeftae  in  amtinued  succession  from 
Mier  lo  S0n  since  1711.] 

Ctvib  FaBPEaiiBNTS. 

Rev.  Dr.  Chalmers,  professor  of 
n^Mttl  philosophy  in  University  of  St. 
Andfcws. 

P.  blason*  esq.  B.  A.  of  St.  John's 
CaMege,  Cambridge,  master  in  the 
RsmfNaval  College,  Goaport 

Rev.  Ralph  Lyon,  A.  M.  of  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge,  head-roaster  of 
Stuarbome  School. 


PROMOTIONS. 


Mbmbek  Rjmiawiu  t6  PaiuAilEffT.  * 

Borough  iifmUoH,  Edward  Bakeri 
esq.  vice  Shddon,  dec. 

FEBRUARY. 

1.  l^breifM-^Ajf .—Right  hon.  HeUy 
Welleslev,  K.  O.  C.  B.  to  be  ambassador 
extraordinary  and  plenipotentiary  to 
the  emperor  of  Austria* 
.  The  earl  of  ClanwiUiam  to  be  envoy 
extraordinary  and  minister  plenipoten- 
tiary to  the  king  of  Pmssia. 

7.  fVhiiehaU^^Tht  aari  of  Liver- 
pool ;  right  hon.  F.  J.  Robinson ;  Berke- 
ley Paget,  esq. ;  vicount  Lowther; 
lord  Granville  Charles  Henry  Somerset ; 
right  hon.  John  Maxwell  Barry ;  and 
Edmund  Alex.  M'Naghten,  esq.  to  be 
commissioners  for  executing  the  offices 
of  treasurer  of  the  Exchequer  of  Great 
Britain  and  lord  high  treasurer  of  lie- 
land. 

Right  hon.  C.  Watkin  Williams 
Wynn ;  eari  Bathurst ;  right  ban.  O. 
Canning ;  right  hon.  Robert  Peel ;  earl 
of.Isiverpool ;  rigbtiion.  F.  J. Robinson; 
John  baron  Teignmouth;  right  hon. 
John  Sullivan;  viscount  Cranbouroe; 
right  hon.  W.  H.  Fremantle;  right 
hon.  sir  G.  Warrender,  hart.;  and 
Joseph  Phillimore,  L  L.  D.  to  be  com- 
missioners for  the  affiiirs  of  India. 

Sir  Edward  Hyde  Eas^  knt.  Uite  chief- 
justice  of  Calcutta,  created  a  baronet. 

8.  Aby«^-0^.~  Henry  MTatktn 
Williams  Wynn,  esq.  to  be  envoy  extm-^ 
ordinary  and  minister  plenipotentiary  to 
his  nmesty  the  king  of  Wurtemberg. 

Charles  Richard  Vaughan,  e^q.  to  be 
minister  plenipotentiary  to  tlie  confe- 
derated states  of  the  Swiss  cantons. 

Hon.  Aigemon  Percy,  to  be  secretary 
to  his  migesty's  embassy  at  Paris. 

Gibbs  Crawford  Antrobus,  esq.  to  be 
secretary  to  hia  mi^|esty's  legation  at 
Turin, 

William  John  Croabie,  esq.  to  be  se- 
cretanr  to  his  mijes^'s  legation  to  the 
confeoierated  states  of  the  Swiss  cantons. 

—  fFhiiehaa,  Lord  Beresford,  G.  C. 
B.  to  be  lieut.-gen.  of  the  ordnance, 
ffico  Oakes,  dec. 

14.  ^ar-0«ce.— 45th  reg.  of  foot, 
gen.  R.  earl  of  Cavan,  K«  C.  to  be  col. 
vice  Lister,  dec. 

58th  ditto :  Gen.  T.  lord  Lynedoek, 
G.  C.  B.  to  be  col.  vice  lord  Cavan,  pro- 
moted. 

90th  ditto :  lieut-j^n. hon.  R.  Meade 
to  be  col.  n'ce  lord  Lynedoek,  promoted. 
N  2 


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rea      ANNUAL   REGISTER,    16^. 

PROMOTIONS. 


S3rd  ditto :  brevet  Ifent-^l.  boo. 
sir  C.  <yordoii  to  be  lieuU-col.  vice  hlil" 
liag,  wfaoretirci. 

Major  R.  Dalyelltobe  lieut.-col.  of 
InfimtTTy  vice  major-general  Stirling^ 
who  retires. 

90.  ff%9teMi.^Mnqm9  of  Tweed- 
dale,  K.T.  to  be  lieutenant  and  sheriflT 
principal  of  tbe  shire  of  East  Lotbian, 
vice  earl  of  Harrington,  resigned. 

SI.  Carittm  Mmmt.— Lieitt.-gen.  boo. 
sVr  Gidbraitb  Lowry  Cole,  G.  C.  B.  to  be  ^ 
governor  of  the  island  of  Mauritius. 

S5.  Right  bon.  C.  Arbuthnot,  W.  D« 
Adams,  and  H.  Dawldns,  esqrs.  to  be 
commissioners  of  his  nu^ty's  woods, 
forests,  and  hmd  revenues. 

ficotflUABTfeAL  PasFCBimm* 

Rev.  C.  R.  Sumner,  and  the  revw  Dr. 
Hugh  Pearson,  to  be  chaplains  in  ordi- 
nary to  his  majesty. 

Rev.  Thos.  Calvert,  to  the  warden- 
ship  of  the  collegiate  church  of  Man- 
cbester. 

Rev.  W.  Actony  LL.B.  Ayott  St. 
Laurence  R.  Herts. 

Rev.  R.  P.  B.  Henshaw,  chaplain  to 
marquis  of  Salisbury. 

Rev.  Allan  Macpherson,  domestic 
chaplain  to  marquis  of  Tweeddale. 

Civil  Prbpsbmintb. 

Rev.  Reginald  Heber,  M.A.bp.  of 
Calcutta,  created  D.  D.  by  diploma. 

Rev.  Thos.  Edw.  Bridges,  B.D. 
senior  bursar  of  Corpus  Christ!  college, 
to  be  president  of  that  soeiety. 

-  Rev.  J.  Cape,  of  Trinity  Coll.  Cam- 
bridge, bead-master  of  the  East  India 
company's  artillery  and  engineer  semi- 
nar/ at  Addiscombe. 

•  Rev.  Ralph  Lyou,  A.  M.  elected  head- 
master  of  the  king's  school,  Sherborne. 

Niw  Membbrs  Rbtdrited  to 
PAnuAioorr. 

Chickeeier^i^Wm.  Stephen  Poyntz, 
e^.  vice  Huskieson. 

JhiUin  a>Miiif.— Lieut.-coU  Henry 
White,  vice  H.  Hamilton,  dec. 

MwinioA^— Rt.  hon.  Geo.  Canning  and 
John  Charles  Henries,  esq. 

LiverpaoL-^i.  hon.  w.  Huftkisson, 
vice  Canning,  resigned. 

New  fnnd9Qt,^^.C.  Disbrowe,  esq.  . 
'PeterU^wgh.^^ta.  Scariett,  esq.  re^ 
elected. 


|{i/i0fi.-i-Right  hon.  F.  J.  XUA^mA. 

Si,  Germain^e.—  ^X.  hon.  ChariesAr** 
buthnot. 

/FifticJ^fer.— Sir  Edwmrd  Hyde  Eait^ 
bait. 

MARCH. 

11.  Lord  Chamberlain's  Ofiee,^.A^' 
trick  Macgregor,  esq.  to  be  third  prin^^ 
cipal  serjeant-surgcoo  in  ordinary  to  bis 


15.  Major-gen.  sir  E.  Barnes,  K.  C* 
O.  to  be  governor  and  oommander*iB- 
chief  of  the  island  of  Ceylon. 

The  earl  of  Erroll  to  be  one  of  tfae^ 
lords  of  his  majesty's  bedchamber,  vice 
lord  Amherst. 

17.  Admirai^  Q«w.— Tbe  doke  of 
Clarence,  K.  G.  K.  T.  and  6.  C.  B. 
admiral  of  the  fleet,  to  be  general  of  Us 
mtyesty's  royal  marine  foroes,  vice  e§xf 
of  St.  Vincent,  dec. 

18.  G.  Bomeester,  esq.  to  be  his  ma- 
jesty's consul  for  the  Island  of  Sardinia. 

SI.  Lerd  Chamberlain's  Q^.— Col. 
James  Russell,  to  be  gentleman  usher 
of  his  migesty*s  most  honoitndtle  privy' 
chamber  in  ordinary. 

H.T.Baucutt  Mash,  esq.  to  beai- 
sistant-master  and  marshal  of  the  cere- 
monies to  his  m^'esty. 

U,  War  (»lce.~2nd  reg.  of  Life 
Guards :  capt.  lord  J.  Bentinck,  to  br 
capt.  vice  S.  R.  Jarvis,  who  exchanges. 

Coldstream  reg.  of  Foot  Guards: 
capt.  W.  L.  Walton,  to  be  capt.  and 
lieut.-col.  vice  Gore,  who  retires.  ^ 

Cant.  R.  Bowen,  to  be  lieut.  and  capt 
tttos  RotM,  who  exchanges. 

16th  foot:  lieut.-general  W.  C.  lord 
Beieaford,  G.  C.  B.  to  be  colonel,  x^ . 
Iieut.-general  Gordon,  dec.  ' 

6Mi  ditto:  lieut-gen.  sir  J.HaauI- 
ton,  hart,  to  be  col.  wee  lord  BerM&rd. 

83rd  ditto :  lieut.-gen.  John  Hodgsoor 
to  be  colonel,  vice  general  Balfour,  dec. 

Gen.  sir  R.  Brownrigg,  hart  G.  C.  f  • 
to  be  governor  of  Landguard  For^^  <s^ 
gen.  Lister,  dec.  .. 

28.  89th  foot:  lieut.-gen.sirR.Msc- 
farlane,  K.  C.  B.  and  G.  C.H.  tobe 
col.  vice  gen.  sir  G.  Beckwith,  dec. 

—  Charies  William  Vane  Stewart, 
marquess  of  Londonderry,  in  the  pe«J 
age  of  Irehind,  created  earl  Vane  snfl 
viscount  Seaharo,  of  Seaham  w  tue 
county  pakitine  of  Durham,  ^^.T^ 
mainder  to  his  eldest  son  and  the  otwr 
children  bv  his  present  lady.      „ . 

William  Carr  Beresford  lord  Bei«»- 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.        181 


fiird.  crfmted  vkoomtt  BcrtsfiMd  of 
Beresford,  co.  SCifibrd,  with  remainder 
to  the  heirs  male  of  his  body. 

S9.  1st  (or  royal)  regiment  of  foot,  to 
-.hear  on  its  colours  and  appointments  the 
ivords."  Nagpore"  and  «  Maheidpoor/' 
in  commemoratioQ  of  the  gallantry  dSs- 
played  l^  the  xegiment  in  India,  in 
1817. 

EccusumoAS*  PuFsaMEinv. 

Rev.  H.  N.  Ptearaon,  D.  D.  to  the 
deanery  of  Sarum,  vice  Talbot,  dec. 

Rer.  J.  Lilly,  of  Newcourt,  to  the 
.^aiclideacoory  of  Hereford,  vice  Jones, 
dec 

Rev.  Matthew  Marsb,  B.  D.  Beap 
ninster,  prima  pcebend  in  the  cathe- 
liral  of  Sarum. 

ClTIL    PaEFEKMENTS. 

Mr.  Seijeant  Hullock,  to  be  a  baroo 
.of  the  exchequer,  m ^  Wood,  who  re* 
tires. 

Mr.  Trower,  master  of  chancery,  vice 
Jekyll,  resigned* 

Rev.  T^  Rtnnell,  vicar  of  Kensington, 
and  ehaplain  to  the  bishop  of  Salisbury, 
to  the  mastership  of  St.  Nicholas*  Hos- 
pital, near  Salisbury. 

Rev.  T.  E.  Bridges,  B.  D.  fellowand 
senior  bnnar  of  Corpus  Christ!  €^Uege, 
4>xford,  unanimously  elected  president 
of  that  society. 

Naw  MsMBBBS  RETuaiixo  to 
PiBUAMEirr. 

jhwtdeK-^ThomnB  Read  Kemp,  esq. 

BfrtfftcAr.— Sir  J.  P.  Beresford,  bart 

Coleraine,^SiT  J,  Brydges,  vice  sir 
J.  P.  Beresford,  bart.  steward  of  East 
Hendred. 

DoraeUMre.^E,  B.  Portman,  esq. 
vice  his  father,  dec. 

Fermanagh  Cbtm^.— Lord  vtscount 
Corry,  vice  sir  G.  L.  Cole. 

Ron^shire.^Sh  James  Weniyss  Mac- 
kenzie, bart. 

Aye.— Rob.  Knight,  esq.  vice  J.  Dod- 
son,  D.  C.  L.  Chiltem  Hundreds. 

^e'^afe.— James  Cocks,  esq.  vice  tht 
hon.  J.  S.  Cocks.  Chiltem  Hundreds. 

/Fi^ffwii.— Si r  W.  Maxwell,  bart. 

01ncheliea^^W,  Leader,  esq. 

APRIL. 

4.  fFar  O/leej-^Th^  66th  regiment 
to  bear  on  its  colours  and  appointments 
a^  figure  of  the  royal  tiger,  with  the 


PROMOnONS. 


word  <'India"tuMffScribed,andalsothe 
word  "Arabia'*  beneath  the  figure  and 
the  number  of  the  regiment*  to  com- 
memorate the  services  of  the  corps  in 
thoee  countries* 

5.  Right  hon.  William  Huskisson, 
president  of  the  Council  of  Trade  and 
Plantatkms,  and  the  right  hon.  Charles 
Grant  to  act  as  such  in  bis  absence— Sir 
H.Hardingetobeclerkofthe  Ordnance. 

—  £th  Dragoon  Guards:  capt.  It  D. 
Cane,  to  be  major. 

7th  Light  Dragoons:  capt.  J.  J. 
Eraser,  to  be  totior. 

7th  Foot:  Mqor  J.  Carter,  to  be 
mvor. 

7Snd  ditto:  Brev.  lieut-col.  T.  CL 
Fitigerald,  to  be  m^or. 

74thjditto:  MbjotJ.  A.  Mein,tobe 
lieut-col. 

Mnd  ditto:  Brev.  l!eut.-ooU  J.  F. 
Pulton,  to  be  m^r. 

Cape  corps  of  Cavalry:  to  be  nujor,. 
capt.  H.  Somerset 

Mi^r-gen.  sir  E.  Barnes,  K.CB.  to 
be  lieut-gen.  in  the  island  of  Ceylon. 

fitaff :  'Col.  J.  Gardiner,  to  be  deputy 
a4j.-gen.  to  the  troops  serving*  in 
Ireland. 

9.  Hon.  sir  €.  Pk^^t,  knt ;  Robert 
Williams,  esq.;  Rich.  Worvley,  esq.^ 
to  be  rear-admirals  of  the  Blue. 

11.  fFhitehali.^Eta{  of  Morton, 
K.T.  to  be  his  mBJt9ty'9  high  com- 
missioner to  the  General  Assembly 
of  the  church  of  Scotland. 

15.  Wm.  Burton,  esq.  to  be  page 
«f  honour  in  ordinary  to  bis  majcstjr. 

19.  Vice^miral  sir  H.  Neale,  bart. 
K.6.C.B.  is  appointed  to  the  command 
in  the  Mediterranean. 

Rear-admiral  sir  G.  Eyre,  K.C  Jl.  to 
the  eommand  on  the  south  American 
station. 

Commodore  C.  Grant,  C.B.  to  the 
EastJndia  station.— 7b  the  rank  iff 

r\  captain:  T.  Herbert,  C.  H.  R^d, 
Smith  (b),  H.  T.  B.  Collier.  J. 
Brenton,  W.  Ramsden,  G.  R.  Pechell, 
A.  B.  Bninch,  H.  B.  Pdwell,  J.  D. 
Boswell,  H.  Stanhope,  J.  T.  CoflSn,  P. 
Hunn,  C.  S.  White,  S.  Arabin. 

To  the  rank  ef  coiianander :  P.  J.  St 
John  Mildmay,  J.  Longohamp,  J. 
Brasier,  J.  Soady,  W.  Sandomt  B.  W. 
Gilbert,  R.  W.  Yates,  H.  Kent,  T. 
Bnshbv,  hon.  W.  Waldegrave,  C.  S.  Coch- 
vane,  E.  Hibbert,  M.  J.  Curric,  W.  Boxer, 
W.  B.  Bowyer,  H.  Anderson,  J.  B. 
Dundas. 

26.  Wm.  Franklin,  M.D.  knighted. 


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182      ANNUAL    REGISTER, 

PROMOTION. 

—  Coldstream  regt  of  foot  guards : 
brevet-major  A.  Weddertmrn,  to  be 
capt.  tad  licut-col.  vice  Sowerby,  wbo 
TcL— Lieut.  C.  Short,  tobe  neut.  txtA 
capt.  vic€  Wcdderbum. 


1823. 


New  Membcrs  Retubhed  to 
Parliimert. 

AMftfiey*— Sir  Compton  Domville,  bart 
Cor/e  OuUe*'^,  Bond,  jun.  esq. 
Umham  CVfy.^Sir  Henry  Hardiitge, 

K.C.B.  re-elected, 
/fiwfemtfrtf.— George  LowtberThomaon, 

esq. 
Lwemesshire. — Rt  hon.  Charles  Gjaflt 
King*s  Onwity.— -Lord  Oxmantown. 
iMmmgton, — Walter  Boyd)  esq. 
J^^ni^Mr^.— Jonathan  Raine,  esq. 

ficccESLisncii    pREtrfiltaCBIfrB. 

Right  rev;  Dr.  Nathaniel  Alexander, 
bishop  of  Down  and  Connor,  translaled 
to  the  bishopric  of  Meatfa,  vice 
O'Beime,  dec. 

Right  rev.  Dr.  lUofaard  Mant,  bishop 
0f  Killaloe  and  Ktlfenoia,  translated  to 
the  bishopric  of  Down  and  Connor.     , 

Rev.  Dr.  Alexander  Arbnthnot,  dean 
«f  his  majesty's  cathedral  church  of 
St.  Colemon's  Cloyne,  promoted  to  the 
bnhopric  of  KiUaloe  and  Kilfenoia. 

Rev.  Corbet  Hue,  D.D.  to  the 
deanery  of  the  Island  of  Jersey,  viae 
Dupre,  dec. 

Rev.  Thomas  Rennell,  B.D.  Gran- 
tham Australis  Prebend  in  Salisbury 
Cathedral. 

Rev.  John  Bull,  B.D.  censor  «f 
Christ  church,  to  a  prebend  in  £xeter 
cathedral. 

Rev.  J.  H.  Hunt  (translator  of 
Tasso),  Weeden  Beck  V.  NorthampCoo- 
sfaire. 

Rev.  Dr.  Mal^y,  elected  preacher  to 
Jhe  hon.  society  of  Uneola's  Inn. 
^lev.  Thomas  Davies,  M^  chi^laln 
to  marquis  of  Hertford. 

Rev.  B.  J.  Ward,  chaplain  to  the 
earl  nf  Clanwilliam. 

Rev.  U.  Hubbard,  chaplain  to  bishop 
of  Winchester. 

Rev.  W.  Curtis,  chaplain  to  bisliop  of 
Oxford. 

Rev.  Henry  Stebbiiig,  evening 
lecturer  at  St.  Mary's,  Bungay. 

Rev.  J.  Matthews,  chaplain  to  tbe 
bishop  of  Salisbury. 

The  lord  bishop  of  Ely  has  appointed 
Henry  Stork?,  esq.  diief  justice  of  tbe 


Isle  of  ray,  piee  EdwardClifiBtlan,  ei|. 

Rev.  J.  Pears,  rector  ef  Charloottb, 
master  of  the  free  grammar  school, 
Bath. 

Rev.  F.  D.  Lempiiere,  bead-inaBter 
of  «t.  01ave*8  school,  Soothwulu 


MAY, 

3.  H^ar  (J«ee.— 23rd  reg.  of  foot: 
mi^or-gen.  fir  J.  W.  Gordon)  hsrt 
K.C.B.  to  be  col.  wee  Grenville,  dec. 

S5ih ditto:  ranjor-gen.  sir  H.  Tsylor, 
K.C.H.  to  be  col.  tfiee  Gordon,  promote! 

Unattached :  brevet  lieut-col.  R.  B. 
Fteron,  from  the  Slst  fsot,  %o  be  he»' 
col.  of  infantry,  by  purchase,  vice  lieui- 
gen.  W.  Doyle,  who  r«. 

17.  3rd  reg.  of  foot  guards :  Heftt. 
col.  James  Drummond  Elphlnstone,  Id 
be  capt  wad  lieat.-coU 

14lli  reg.  of  foot:  brevet  col.  Wii- 
braham  T.  Edwards,  to  be  lieut.-«d. 

If  th  ditto :  lieat.-<col.  Archibald  Mse- 
laine,  to  be  lieut«-col. 

24.  4th  reg.  dragoons  brevet  heat- 
col.  Robert  Ross,  to  be  Ueiit.-col.       ■ 

Coldstream  guards,  lient  W.  Ser- 
jeantson,  to  be  lieutenant  and  eagslii. 

27.  Adm.  sir  R.  Bickerton,  K.CJ. 
of  Upwood-house,  to  take  tiie  suroiBjC, 
and  bear  the  arms  of  flussey  q«»;J^ 
with  those  of  Bickerton,  in  GompU»« 
wUh  the  wlU  of  his  HMe  mateinal  node, 
lieut-gen.  V.  W.  Hussey* 

'EcCLBBIASnCAL    pEBf««MEinS. 

Rev.  William  Macdonald,  M.A.  (Pre- 
bendary of  Bitton)  canon  residcatisry 
of  Salisbury-cathedral. 

Rev.  Hugb  Bailye,  M.A.  (««35 
residentiary  and  chancellor  of  Lichfieis; 
Dasset  Parva  prebend.  ^   -. 

Rev.  Simon  Clayton,  M.A.  WecW 
prebend,  ^taiordshire.  .,_„ 

Rev.  T.  Giabome,  M,A.  of  }^^ 
lodge,  Stafibrdshire,  author  of  >^ 
"  Survey  of  the  ChrisUanReltgioo*  r 
(he  5th  prebend  at  Durham.        ^  . 

Rev.  John  Josias  Conybcare,  MJ>' 
elected  Bampton  lecturer  for  1824. 

JUNE. 

13.  H^ar  OJice.^lBth  Ugh^  ^^' 
capt.  M.  Bowers  to  be  major. 

EOCLBSUSTNUI.   Pm«P»»"*** 

H4n.  and  irev.  W.  Ai»isi«f»  ^^ 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.         18a 


PftOMOTTOKS. 


T.  Wlftnr^dc^h^,  Whi^  has  been  vacant 
«iice  the  refgn  of  Edward  6th. 

Rer.  Mr.  Annfstead,  Cockeram  V. 
CO.  I/mc. 

Rev.  L.  Athilly  Rmnhtirgli  perp.  cur. 
irith  8t  Michael  Soutfaelmham,  annexed^ 
Stiff. 

Rev.  Frederick  Blunei,  I).D.  (sub- 
dean  of  Christ-church  )»Cheriton  bishop 
R,  De^on. 

Rev.  W.  Read,  domestic  chaplain  'to 
the  duke  of  Clarence. 

Rev.  H.  H.  Mogg,  domestic  chaplain 
to  the  marquis  of  Aylesbury. 

Rtev.A.  Goode,jun.  one  of  the  chap- 
h^s  of  the  hon.  Bast  India  company 
«n  the  Bombay  station. 

^MPBlfBjRlOllB. 

Rev.  J.  Foley,  A.M.  rector  of  Holt, 
Worcestershite,  to  hold  the  rectory  of 
Strawley. 

The  rev.  Xohn  Fenton,  to  hold  the 
vicarage  of  Penrith  witli  the  V.  of 
Torpenhow,  Cumberland. 

Rev.  J.  Ballard,  LUB.  to  bold  the 
rectory  of  Woodeaton,  with  the  per- 
petnal  curacy  of  Crof^dy,  eo.  Oxford. 

CtVIL   PMBTBaMBllTS. 

After  a  sharp  contested  poU,  John 
Key,  esq.  elected  alderman  of  lAng- 
boum  Ward,  vice  Earner,  dec. 

John  Crowder,  esq.  the  senior  deputy 
of  Farrinffdon  within^  n&animously 
elected  alderman  of  that  extensive 
Ward,  vice  Smith,  dec. 

James  Heywood  Markland,  esq. 
F.R.S.  t>f  the  Temple,  unanimously 
chosen  treasurer  of  the  Incorpontted 
society  for  the*  propagation  of  the 
Gospel  in  forei^  P^rts,  viee  Charles 
B^knell.  esq.  r^Mgned. 

Rev.  Henry  M^heatley,  M.A.  aad 
aenfbr  ^How  of  Queen's-college,  Oxford, 
mi  the  old  foundation,  elected  printfpd 
of  9t.  Edmund-hall. 

JtJLY. 

Gazette  Pbomotions,  &c. 

T9  the  ttmk  of  BB9r  AdmMU  9/  ike 
Ultof.— Hon.  tirC.  Pttget,  knt.  Robert 
Williams,  and  Riehard  Worseley,  es^rs. 

fbMe  tamkif  PmUCt^iain^-.Apti' 
m«s  Arabin,  Bdw.  Cunon,  C.  Phillips, 
and  J.  Walter  Roberts. 

Namd  j^maimimenis,-^--Comm96on  sir 
'C.  W.C  a.  0#en,  KvCB.  to  the  omi- 


mand  of  H.  M.'»  smiadton  in  the  West- 
Indies,  vice  sir  C.  Rowley,  K«C.B.; 
rear-admiral  sir  Charles  Paget,  knt  on 
special  service. 

4.  War  Office.  —  Ist  reg.  of  life 
guards:  capt  H.  Earl  to  be  mm'or. 

7th  foot:  brevet  lient-col.  A.  C' 
WyUy,  to  be  major. 

92iid  ditto :  capt  J.  Fleming  to  be 
major. 

67th  ditto:  captain  John  Algeo  to  be 

78th  ditto :  brevet  rai^or  C.  O.  Fk!-' 
eoner  to  be  nn^or. 

Royal  staff  corps :  colonel  C.  M.  lonl 
Greenock  to  be  lieutenant-col. 

To  be  lieut.-ool.  of  infantry :  brevet; 
lieut-col.  hon.  L.  Stanhope :  nuy'or  G* 
Hewett:  major  C.  Wpdham. 

Brevet:  to  be  majors  in  the  army: 
eapt.Stopferd  Cane,  of  the  66th  foot. 
Captain  J.  Grant,of  the  royal  artillery. 

Staff:  colonel  W.  Marlay  to  be 
perm.  aas.  qoartermaster*gen. 

Royal  regiment  of  artillery:  mijor 
and  brevet  lieut-col.  W.  R.  ckry  to  be 
Heut-cdl. :  .eaptain  Md  brevet-mi^  C; 
Younghusband  to  be  msjor :  major  W. 
Payne  to  be  lieut.-eol. :  mi^r  G.  Forster 
to  be  lieut-col. :  sir  A.  Dickson,  K.CrB. 
tobcmiV?'^. 

5.  This  gazette  contains  the  king's 
permission  to  the  68th  ibot  to  bear  Uie 
appointments  of  '*  Salamanca,  Vittoria, 
PjrreDees,  NiveUe,  and  Orthee,''  In 
commemoratkm  of  those  bsttUes. 

86.  fTmr  Oficej-^UitMiaehed:  brevet 
iient-cd.  G.  O'MaUey,  to  be  lient-odL 
of  iQ&ntry. 

36.  Mij.-gen.  T.  Brown,  of  the  Eart 
India  ooBpany^  army,  to  be  kn|ght 
comlaaaderof  the  Bath;  and  HeuU- 
€olMMla  J.  Dewar,  D.  Leighton,  C. 
Deacon,  T.  Corsellis,  W.  G.  Maxwell, 
.T.  PoUoGi^  M.  Kennedy,  D.  NewaU, 
G.  M.  Pbphaai,  R.  Hetder,  R.  Clarke, 
|«.  R.  O'Brien,  A.  Andrewea,C.M<Leod, 
and  majors  E.  Gerr-Stannus,  F.*^P. 
Staunton,  E.  J.  Ridge,  and  J.  Ford,  of 
the  said  army,  to  be  companions  of  the 
a^d  Order. 

19.  Earl  of  Venilam  to  be  lord  lient 
cf  Hertford. 

Right  hon.  sir  E.  Thornton,  G.CJL 
to  be  envoy  to  his  most  &ithlul  majesty. 


Mnifl 


RannufBD  to  PAnummir. 


BoMtiuy . — John  Stuart  Woitley,  esq. 
nb-^Smi— Thomas  Bynm,  esq.  vice  ford 
Ccanboroey  ndw  marqaisAf  Salutbuiy* 


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184       ANNUAL  REGISTER,    18US- 


PROBIOTIONS. 


5<q#MfAif«.— Sir  John     Wrottesley, 
bsrt. 

Civil  Prbfebmbnts* 

Robert  Torpciw,  e«q.  to  be  <mc  of  the 
judges  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas, 
Ireland,  vice  Fletcher,  dec. 

G.  B.  Wbittaker,  esq.  stationer,  and 
Peter  Laurie,  esq.  sadler,  elected 
aherifls  of  London  and  Middlesex. 

Rev.  Pcter^Paul  Dobree,  fellow  of 
Trinity  college,  unanimously  elected 
Regius  professor  of  Greek,  at  Cam* 
bridge. 

Mr.  Blake,  to  be  chief  remembrancer 
of  Ae  equity  aide  of  the  exchequer  iu 
Ireland. 

John  Shephard,  proctor  of  Doctors' 
Commons,  appointed  acting  regis- 
trar of  the  diocese  of  London,  vice 
John  Shephard,  senior,  deceased. 

Ecclesiastical  PacpeaMBirrs. 

Rev.  W.Clark,  (professor  of  Anatomy, 
and  fcltow  of  Trinity  eolh^e)  Arrington 
V.  CO.  Cambridge. 

Rev.  T.  Musgrave  (lord  Almoner's 
professor  of  Arabic,  and  felk>w  of 
Trinity  college),  Over  V.  co.  Cambridge. 

AUGUST. 

1.  ff^ar  OgSee.^^RojBl  reg.  of  horse 
guards,  brevet  lieut-colonel  Clement 
Hill,  to  1/e  lieut-col.;  captain  W. 
Richardson,  to  be  major  and  lieut*ool : 

6th  reg.  dragoon  guards,  captain 
Charles  Walker,  to  be  major. 

11th  foot,  lieut-gen.  sir  Henry 
Tucker  Montresor,  K.C;.B.  to  be  eoL 

79nd  dittos  captain  Mark  H.  Drum- 
mond,  to  be  major,  by  purchase. 

84th  ditto,  Ikt^.-gen.  sir  Fitsroy. 
Grafton  Maclean,  hart,  to  be  colonel. 

B5th  ditto,  captain  Henry  Faidinr,  to 
be  inajor. 

Uwtiimcked :  brevet  lieiit.-colonel 
George  Brown  and  bvcvet  lieul.-col. 
John  Kolt»  to  be  Ucot.  cols,  of  infantry, 
by  purehaae. 

Chaplain :  Rev.  Thomas  Ireland  from 
half-pay,  to  be  dnplun  to  the  forces. 

2.  Office^  (Mitofice.— Hoyal  reg. of 
artillery,  mi^  Henry  Matorin  Faring- 
ton,  to  be  Ueut.-ool. :  capb  and  brevet 
major  Charles  Egan,  to  be  major  vice 
Farrington. 

15.  §nd  rfff.  of  foot,  Itent-col. 
J.    Rolt,  to    be   Keut>col. ;     captain 


J.  Williams,  to  be  , 
Payler,  to  be  lieut.-ool.  of  infimtry,  sice 
Griffith,  retired.  To  be  lieut-cols.  in 
the  army :  mijors  R.  Macneil,  R.  M. 
Cakes,  and  Henry  eari  of  Uxbridge. 

16.  Edward  Roberts,  esq,  tobe  dcA 
of  the  P^lls  to  his  miyesty's  receH>t  oC 
the  exchequer,  vice  Addington,  dccj- 
Thomas  Grimston  Bucknall  (beretofort 
Thomas  Grimston  Estcourt),  of  E«tp 
court,  Gloucestershire,  esq.  M.P.  fiw 
Devises,  to  resume  his  former  lumame 
of  Estoourt,  in  addition  to  and  after  tbst 
of  Bucknall. 

18.  Foreign  Q^c^.— Hon.  W.  Tem- 

f»le,    to  be  secretary  to  his  mjyaty^ 
egation  at  Beriin.  > 

George  Hamilton  Seymour,  esq.  to  be 
secretary  to  his  miyesty's  Icption  st 
the  diet  of  Frankfort. 

MeMBBR  RSTVaKED    TO   PAaUAMEKT* 

NewcaHle'9mder'Line,^i>  £.  DeniMBf 
esq.  vice  Kinnersley,  dec> 

EcCLBBIASnCAL   PRBVKanBrrB. 

Rev.  G.  Glover,  M.A.  archdeaconry 
of  Sudbury. 

Rev.  T.  R.  Bromfleld,  Gaia  n^ 
prebend,  Lichfield. 

Civil  Prbpsmmbiits. 

Marquis  of  Bute  elected  recorderrf 
Banbury,  vice  lord  Glenbervie,  decewej. 

W.  Stephen  Poynta,  esq.  elected  high 
steward  of  the  borough  of  Huntiajpl*"; 

The  rev.  R.  Bathurst,  M  Ji.  to  be 
official  of  the  archdesooniy  of  SuIwhi- 

SEPTEMBER. 

5.  War  Offiee.^rht  34th  rtpmfi^ 
of  foot  to  bear  on  its  colours  ^ 
appointments,  in  addition  to  any  f^ 
badges  or  devices  which  may  1*^  *; 
thertofore  been  granted  to  the  i^gi^^f*^ 
die  words  "Pyrenneea,"  •'Nlf«U«» 
**  Nive,'*  and  «^Ortlie^"  inooi«»e^ 
oration  of  the  distingulsbed  coi^duct  oi 
the  late  Snd  battalion  of  that  tr^^ 
in  the  Pyrennees,  in  the  month  of  JoJ* 
1813;  at  Nivelle,  on  the  10th  Nflp* 
ber,  1813  ;  in  the  passage  of  the  Nif* 
on  the  9th,  I0th,aad  llth  Deceiaber, 
1813;  andatOrthes,oiia7thFAn««y» 

.  6.  James  lord  Montagu  to  beji«j- 
and  sheriff  principal  of  the  shire  a  Sel- 
kirk, viee  lord  Napier  dec. 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE. 


185 


S.  4Sbid  r^.  foot,  n 
Murmv,  G.  C.  B.  to  be  colonel. 

7Sna  ditto,  lieiit.-geiu  sir  John  Hope,. 
to  be  colonel. 

93od  ditto,  lieuU-gen.  Alex.  Duff, 
to  be  colonel. 

11.  Ofiice  of  (Wfiatice.— Royal  regt. 
of  artillery,  brevet  col.  and  lieut.*ool. 
James  Viney,  to  be  colonel,  otce  Wright; 
retired;  brevet  lieut.-col.  and  nM^or 
Rich.  S.  Brough,  to  be  lieaU-ool.; 
brevet  major  and  captain  Robert  Mac* 
donald,  to  be  major. 

13.  ^AiieAaii. -Lord  Maryborough 
to  be  master  of  his  mij^^'*  ^^^ 
hounds,  vice  marquis  Comwallis,  dec. 

Right  bon.  Thomas  WaUace,  M.P. 
master  of  the  Mint,  vice  lord  Marybo- 
rough. 

fFar-£^e.— 49th  reg.  of  foot,  capU 
Richard  England,  to  be  rosijor. 

Unattached:  nu^or  Henry  Hely 
Hutchinson,  to  be  lieutenant-col,  of  in- 
fratiy. 

Miyor-geneml  sir  Howard  Douglas, 
bart.  to  be  lieutenant-governor  of  the 
province  of  New  Brunswick.  • 

Lieut.-gen.M.  Hunter,  to  be  governor 
of  Penifennis  CAstle. 

27.  /i^f/<?Aa^.— The  following  gentle- 
men were  created  baronets  of  the  United 
Kingdom :  Charles  Forbes  of  New  and 
Edioglassie,  co.  Aberdeen,  esq.  ^Thoe. 
Reid  of  Ewell-grove,  co.  Surrey,  and  of 
Graystone-park,  co.  Dumfries,  esq. — 
Geoige  Abercrombie  Robinson  of  Batt's 
iKMise,  CO.  Somerset,  esq.  —  William 
Baillie  of  Polkcmmct,  oo,  Linlithgow, 
eM). 

39.  Lord  George  Seymour,  H.  P. 
Doyle,  esq.  John  earl  of  Carhampton, 
bon.  A.  Phipps,  A.  CampbellJ  and  W. 
Manly,  esqrs.  sir  J.  C.  Mortlock,  bart. 
bon.  C,  R.  Trefiisis,  R.  Dawkins,  J. 
Hewir,  W.  Parish,  W.  Plunkett,  and  J. 
Buk  house,  esqrs.  to  be  comndsskmert 
of  the  excise  for  the  United  Kingdom ; 
and  A.  Cutto,  P.  P.  Fitipatrick,  S.  Rose, 
and  J.  ConiwaU  esqrs.  to  be  assistant 
^ommissionertof  the  excise  In  ledand 
aadScotfamd.-Also,  R.  B.  Dean,  W. 
Boothby.  G.  Wilson,  J.  Williams,  and 
H.  Richmond  esqrs.  the  hon.  J.  H.  K. 
Stewart,  W.  T.  Ro*»,  E.  Earl,  A.  H. 
Hutchinson,  H.  S.  King,  F.  S.  Larpent, 
F.  B.  Watson,  and  H.  J.  Boaverie, 
esqrs.  to  be  commissioners  of  the  cus- 
toms for  the  United  Kingdom ;  and  the 
boo.  W.  Le  Pber  Trench,  J.  Smyth,  L. 
Jfl,  Fertier,  and  T.  Bruce,  esqrs.  to  be 


PROMOTIONS. 

,  or  G.    assistant  commissioners  of  the  euttoms 
in  Ireland  and  Scotland. 

SO.  Fateifn'qfhe. — Henry  Canning, 
esq.  to  be  his  raitfesty's agent  and  oonsal 
in  the  circle  of  Lower  Saxony,  and  the 
free  cities  of  Hamburgh,  Bremen,  and 
Lobeck. 


EocuHiiancAi.  PaBPxmMBHTs. 

Rev.  F.  R.  Bkiomfield,  a  prebend  in 
Lichfield  cathedral. 

Rev.  Geoige-May  Coleridge,  White- 
church  Prebend,  in  Wells  cathedral. 

Rev.  George  Greaves,  chaplain  to 
the  British  fociory  at  Archangel. 

Rev.  John  Edmund  Jones,  chaplain 
to  baroness  Dowager  Lavlngton. 

CnriL  PasPBaMBfTS. 

Rev.  Peter  Elmsley,  M.A.  of  Christ 
church,  principal  of  St.  Alban-hall, 
Oxford,  tfie€  Dr.  WInstanley,  dec 

George  Bankes,  esq.  barrister  at  law. 
(late  M.P.  for  Corfe  Castle),  recorder 
of  Weymouth  and  Melcombe  Regis. 

David  Wilkie,  esq.  R.A.  historical 
painter  to  his  majesty  for  Scotland,  vice 
sir  H«  Raebmi^  dee. 


OCTOBER. 

3.  War-qficc^^th  regt.  dragoon 
guards,  mi^or  Edward  Wildman  to  be 
rieut.-col.— Brevet  migor  William  Rut- 
ledge  to  be  mi^or. 

4l8tfoot,  c^.  James  Lewis  Hill  U 
be  miyor. 

98nd  ditto,  capt.  Andrew  Robert  Char- 
letoQ  to  be  mi^r. 

17.  1st  reg.  dfagmns,  capt.  Henry 
Stisted  tobem^jor. 

ISth  foot,  lieut-gen.  hon.  Robert 
Bfeade  to  be  colonel. 

S»rd  dittos  Mi^or  Rich.  Englaod  tobe 

40th  ditto,  brevet  lieut.^«ol.  J.  Hum- 
phrey Edward  HIU  to  be  mijor. 

60th  ditto,  brevet  col.  John  Foster 
Fitigeiald  to  be  HeUt-colonel ;  brevet 
WMJor  Frederick  Im  Thum  to  be  n^jor. 

90th  ditto,  mivor-gea.  Ralph  Darling 
to-be  colonel. 

VmaUaehed:  major  James  Maxwell 
Wallaoe  to  be  lieut.-ool.  of  Infimtry. 

Brevet  mijor  Robert  Simpson,  from 
Portsmouth,  to  be  town  mirfor  of  Hull. 

Lieut.  Henry  White, from  Hull,  tobe 
town  Du^or  of  Portsmouth. 


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im      ANNUAL  REGISTER,  189S. 

PROMOTIONS. 

-"BteutttAfltiCAt.  VtmrKtMKtm,  ambassador  extittoHllh^  and  plenipo- 

tentiary to  the  king  of  the  NetherUiidSi 

Rev.  H.  V;  Bsytey  (Sob-^ean  ef  Lfai-    and  the  heirs  male  of  his  bodylsvinlly 
coin)  to  be  ardideacon  of 'Stoire.  begotten,  by  the  name,  style,  and  title 

Rev.    Mr.   Trougfaten,   Hmitingdon    of  Yiscoimt  Clancarty,  of  thecoontyof 
ptebeiid.  Coric. 

Rev.  Mr.  Carr,  minor  canon  m  St.        21.  CarUoiP-Aotue.'—Vtmas  Bsfltjt 
George's-chapel,  Windsor. 

Rev.  W.  Sanies^  dteplahito  the  duke 
of  York. 

Rev.  T.  Henshaw,  tliaplain  to  doke 
of  Cambridge. 

-  Rev.'B:Nepe8n,  chaplain  to  viscount 
St.  \^cent. 

Rfev.  e.  HodMn,   chiq>la!n   to  the 
bishop  of  OHmcester. 

Rev.  W.  D«we,  chsiplain  to'his  ma- 
jesty's ship  the  CambHdgie ;  the  t^evs 


esq.  recorder  of  the  Prince  of  WslesV 
Island,  knighted. 

93.  John  Chapman  XIate  mayor  of 
Windsor),  Griffin  Wilson,  and  Wm. 
Mlicod  Bannatyne«  esqrs.  knighted. 

Edward  Granville  Eliot,  esq.  ta  be 
secretary  of  legation  at  Madrid. 

29.  Charlea  Harcourt  Chambers,  esq, 
knighted. 
24.  /P^teAotf.— Thomas  le  Bretw, 

_  _^    _     „_ ,   the   younger,   esq.  to  be  procmstm^ 

'.  Qnarles,  to  the  Sybille ;  and  the  rev.     general  in  Jersey,  vice  Dumaresq,  dec 

J.  S.  CoZjtO  the  SpartSate.  John  Wm.  Dupi^,  esq.  to  be  Advo- 

Rev.  J.  Hallewell,  chapbin  to  hon.     cate-general  of  Jersey,  vice  le  Coatfof, 

E.  I .  company  on  Madras  estabUsbment .    resig. 

CfViL  ntBrenfrfeim. 

Mr«  Alderman  Waitbman  chosen 
Lord  Mayor  of  London  for  the  eosuii^ 
year. 

C  Puller,  esq.  barrister-at-law^  to  be 
chief  justice  of  Calcutta. 


NOVEMBER. 

5.  Hon.  F.R.  FMrbes,  to  be  secretary 
<of  legation  at  Lisbon ;  and  P.  Brown, 
esq.  to  be  Secretary  of  legstion  ht  Co- 
penhagen. 

7.  #ray^Q^.**-14th  light  diftg. : 
lieut.-gen.  sir  J.  O.  Vaadeleur,  K.  C.  B. 
to  be  colonel,  vice  earl  of  Bridgewater, 


28.  fFar  qfice,.^\9t  or  gren.  f«gt 
foot  guards:  lieut.-col.  J.  6.  Woodfbid 
to  be  raiy'or  with  Hie  rank  of  colonel, 
^ice  West :  capt.  J.  Lindsay  to  be  ctpt 
and  lieut^tolond,  vice  Wo<ralbrd. 

EccLBsuffncAL   PiJkngDiEim. 

Rev.  Mr.  Burgh  to  be  dean  pf  Cloyne. 

Rev.  R.  Hood  to  be  dean  of  Kilmc- 
duagh. 

Rev.  W.  Venables  Vernon,  M.A.  («» 
of  the  abp.  of  York),  canon  rcMdentJaty 
at  York.  . 

Rev.  G.  V^lkins,  Normantonprebtfd, 

in  the  church  of  Southwell.. 
Rev.  Archd.  Wrangham,  Aropleforth 


dec.-^9thfoot:    lieut-genertS  sir  G.  P^^Vr^  ??!,         •       ^^rd 

Alitiy^becotoiiel,i;torBalfour,dec-.  ^^;;'A'A^'f^?'^'^''^^^SL 

Miyor  hon.  R.  P.  Ai^  to  he  lieut..  ^Tf >  >  ^**^^  "^'  P"*^' 

«ilonel  of  HdiMrtry,  «ee  mi^or^nexal  ^^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^  ,^,^ 


<Chabot,  ret. 

16.  matehaU.'^tam  Clttk,  esq.  tO 
be  one  of  the  Lords  of  Sessta,  fn 
Scotland. 

14.  Forei^-^cf.— Vise.  Graavilte 
^  be  ambassador  exthbrdiiiary  and 
^enipotentlary    to    the   Idng  of    tih^ 


and  canon  in  cathedral  of  St.  David's. 

Hon.  and  rev.  H.  Hobart,  D J),  (detn 
of  Windsor),  Fulmer*  V.  Bucks. 

Civil  Paefbbxbkib. 

Mm  loid  drbery  to  be  an  IH* 
rcpi'eaentatJtepeef  mee  lotd  PMdrtOB, 


fFkrH^iee.  —  Ist  or  gren.  reg.  df  dec.                                                 ^ 

-foot  guards:  major  hon.  R.  Clements  to  Rev.  Wyndham    Knatchbttll,  !>•*'• 

'beeaptahiaiidMeat.-coi.  «bp.  laud's  professor  of  Anbtc. 

24 A  reg.  foot  lieut.-col.  G.  C.  FleB».  Rev.  John  Warren,  rector  Of  Om- 


4iigtobclieut.-ccH, 

17.  /P^r^oA—The  king  has  beeh 
pleased  to  grant  the  dignity  cS'a  viscount 
of  the  United  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland  unto  Richard  eari  of  Gian- 
carty,  G.  C.  &  and  late  his  iBi|«ity's 


cote,  Hunts,  to  be  chanoeUor  <^Blogw 
diocese. 

Earl  Craven  recorder  of  OoventJy. 

Ret.  J.  Lamb,  B  J>.  (master  ofCor^ 
Christi  college),  vke^chancrilor  ^ 
Caniibridgc  University. 


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APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE. 


1S7 


D<BCEMBSR. 


DEATHS. 


I.  (JMce  af  Or^tMmee^^MffpX  regt. 
i>f  artfllery:  co«.  and  lienU-gen.  B, 
Stefadein  to  be  <io).-eomniandaBt,  tnee 
WnUngton,  dec.— lieut.«col.  R.Bee?or 
tobecohmel. 

6.  Vsreign  Q^de.— W.  Barnes,  esq 
to  be  coBStil  at  Nantes,  and  theporta 
aad  flaeetf  in  the-  departmentif  dr  the 
Lower  Loire  and  La  Vendee.— J.  EUtot, 
esq.  to  be  consul  at  DnbHn  for  Hanover. 

19.  WhHthatt.'^^t^in  Levy,  gent, 
his  NeapoBtan  mt^est^r's  examhier  and 
laspeetcff  of  Sicilian  or  Neapolitan  prize 
aecounts  itt  England,  to  resnme  bis 
fanily  somame  ^  Lnoiley,  In  lieu  df 
litet  of  Levy. 

BtelBBK  KcrtTBlfBD  TO  PARUAMEIIT. 

MiMAuAJre.— Sir  Wm.  A.  Ingllby, 
bart.  for  the  •county  of  Lincoln. 

'SoecBRABTtCAt.  PBBPisitMCirrs. 

Rev.  H.  C.  4fones,  rector  of  Westham, 
to  be  archdeacon  of  Essex. 

Rev.  Thomas  John  Burgh,  MjV.  to 
be  dean  of  Cloyne. 

Rev.  Thomas  MHllkinson,  a  minor 
canon  of  Carlisle  cathedral. 

Rev.  J.  Hanbury,  Vicar  choral  of 
Hereford-cathedral , 

Civil  PaEPsionEim. 

Rev.  D.  Williams  to  be  head  master 
of  Winchester  college,  vice  Gabell, 
resigned. 


DEATHS. 
JANUARY. 

1.  At  Sherbome-castle,  Oxfordshire, 
blary  Franees^  countew  of  Macclesfield . 

*-  Sir  John  Everitt,  kn^  of  Sloane- 
8tr«at,4ig»d<4,  ,  . 

-<->At  his  house  at  Claptoii«  Stai. 
Pet^  etQ.  M,0.  m  his  58th  year. 

-  In  Sknae-street,  in  his  80th  year, 
iVtrMf^  WiiJ(»e>  e^q.  Ute  consul  at  Car- 
thagiRuw 

?.  At  BrigbtDn,  in  bisiSSth  year.  Dr. 
Hameas,  M.D.  F.US.  and  lata  madioal 
qwonnissloner  of  the  TrausiMirt^'board. 

—  At  Udjaod-grove,  Lancashice, 
Sarah,  the  lady  of  Jpha  AAcju  iiod«OB, 
esq.  M.P.  for  Wigan. 


AtCfadleffoatt,  Itt  f<lb  year,  the 
hon.  John  Rodney,  young^t  son  of  %be 
late  r^t  hon.  loitl  Rodney,  and  brother 
to  the  present  lord.  * 

^-In  dargea^fltreet,  Mary  Amv, 
Tdict  of  the  late  lleut^^en.  Hetbersett, 
^  Sbropbam,  NorfdHc. 

5.  At  Draycot,  Witts,  ladv  GaiberiM 
"Tybiey  Long,  refict  4f  we  late  sir 
James  Tyiaey  Latig,  and  aunt  to  Hie 
preaenteail  of  Plymouth. 

7.  At  DawMsh,  aged  66,  lady  Carr, 
relict  of  sir  Robert  Carr,  bail,  of  Hamp- 
ton, Middlesex. 

—  At  Hastings,  after  a  long  illness, 
hidy  Muagrave^  relict  of  the  late  sir 
James  Muagrave,  bart.  of  Banirioy,  In 
the  county  of  Okmeester. 

—  At  Hale-hall,  near  Warrington, 
Ann,  the  lady  of  John  Blaofcbun,  eaq. 
<M.P.  for  the  county  of  Lancaster. 

Lately,  at  Crome,  the  seat  of  the  earl 
of  Coventry,  in  his  Wth  year,  J.  B. 
Smith,  esq.  who  expired  very  suddenly. 
He  requested  his  attendant,  who  bM 
left  him  but  a  short  time  before  in  his 
usual  healtii,  to  call  lord  Deerfaurst  to 
him,  as  he  felt  exceedingly  unwell,  and 
expired  shortly  afterwards,  }uBt  as  his 
lordship  was  entering  his  apartment. 

—  At  Kensington,  viscountess  dow- 
ager  Montague. 

—  At  Beaumoiit4iouae,  Jersey,  the 
seat  of  her  brother-in-law,  Martha,  tbe 
wife  of  Charlee  Pipon,  esq.  aged  45. 

II.  In  Chenies-street,  Bedfinrd- 
sqiiare,  after  a  paiofal  Wness,  Bdr.  M.  P. 
King,  an  amiMnt  nmsioal  oompaser, 
agediiO. 

—  At  Walthamfttow,  Mary,  wHe  «f 
W.  N.  Lancaster,  esq.  ift  her  46th  year. 

13«  At  hia  bouse,  ki  Slcinner-strsat, 
Biahopsgate-without,  Samuel  Nash,  esq. 
twenty-two  years  common-counoHmau, 
of  Bisfaopagate  Ward. 

14.  tn  South  Audley-street,  indy 
Frederica  Stanhope,  the  lady  of  the 
hon.  J.  H.  Stanhope.  «itd  eldest 
daugbtiar  of  the  earl  of  Mansfield,  after 
ber  acoouchemaMt  on  the  llth.  The 
infant  died  the  day  after  its  birth. 

18.  At  the  HotweUs,  Mrs.  Judith 
Ba4rry,aged80;  and  an  the  33nd,  her 
eister,  Mrs.  Catherine  Barry,  aged  M. 
Bath  of  them  iroderwent  the  operation 
of  couching  in  1813,  from  which  timo 
tbay  retained  tbeir  sight  perftetly. 

10.  In  PloeadiUy,  Miss  AadrciTs, 
yiMM^^set  daagb«er  of  the  dean  of 
Cantarbury. 

Lalialyy  at    Roebampton,    ^^arolme 


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188      ANNUAL  KEGISTER,  1823. 


•  «f  Kl^gitaii,  in  her 
^jhhyear. 

30.  At  lUngin  Ghiuty  50  miles  souOi 
of  Nagpoor,  while  proceeding  in  the 
esecntkm  of  his  dviiy  fiom  Hydxabed 
towmrds  Nagpoor,  UeuL-ool.  Wm.  Lamh- 
too,  superinlendeni  of  the  grand  Trigo- 
nometrical sunre?  in  India. 

The  Annals  of  the  Koyal  and  Asiatic 
society  liear  testimony  to  the  importance 
of  the  lalxHus  of  colonel  Lambton,  in 
his  measurement  of  an  arc  of  the  men* 
dian  in  India,  extending  from  Cape 
Comorin,  in  lat.  8.  33. 10.  to  a  new  base 
line,  measured  in  lat.  21.  6,  near  the 
▼niage  of  T^oorkera,  15  miles  8.  £. 
from  the  dW  of  EUichpore.  It  was  the 
iotention  or  colonel  Lambton  to  have 
extended  the  arc  to  Agra,  in  which  case 
the  meridian  line  would  have  passed  at 
short  distances  from  Bhopaul,  Serange> 
Nurwur,  Gualiar,  and  Dholpore. 

Though  the  measurement  of  the  arc 
of  the  meridian  was  the  principal  ob- 
ject of  the  labours  of  colonel  Lambton, 
he  extended  his  operations  to  the  East 
and  West,  and  the  set  of  triangles  covers 
great  part  of  the  Peoinsola  of  India, 
defining  with  the  utmost  precision  the 
situation  of  a  very  ffreat  number  of 
principal  places  in  latitude,  longitude, 
and  elevation;  and  afiordiog  a  sure 
basis  for  an  amended  Qe^raphical 
Map. 

23.  At  Richmond,  in  his  71st  year, 
the  hon.  and  rev.  Harbottle  Budmall, 
rector  of  Pitmanh,  and  chai^ain  in 
ordinary  to  his  miyesty. 

83.  The  right  hon.  lady  Aston, 
daughter  of  the  first,  and  sister  and 
co-heir  of  the  second  earl  of  Nordiing- 
too,  and  relict  of  sir  Willoughby  Aston, 
•gedW. 

34.  At  Nottingham,  aged  78,  Mn. 
Henrietta  Tempest,  third  sister  of  the 
late  mm'or  Tempest,and  grand-daughter 
ci  the  late  sir  George  Tempest,  of 
Tong-hallj  Yorkshire.  ^^ 

—  In  his  73rd  year,  John  Finlay,  esq. 
late  M.P.  for  the  county  of  Dublin,  and 
liettt.-ccdooel  of  the  county  of  Dublin 
jnilitia. 

35.  The  hon.  Thos.  MuUins,  third 
son  of  the  right  hon.  lord  VenUy,  of 
Barnham,  in  the  county  of  ^erry, 
Ireland. 

—  Aged  73,  Sanh,  relict  of  miliam 
Winchester,  esq.  of  Cedl-straet,  Strand. 

—  At  Willesden-house,  Middlesex, 
sir  Rupert  Geor^,  hart  aged  74.  . 

«—  Suddenly,  in  a  carriage  in  which 


DBATH8. 


he  was  going  to  the  Opeis,  Feler  B^- 
ley,  esq.  of  Cumberland-place,  Nev- 
load,  editor  of  the  ^^Mnaeum."  It 
was  deposed  on  the  coroner's  Inquest, 
that  his  death  was  occ— loaed  by  tbs 
bursting  of  an  aneurism  of  the  aorta, 
from  which  an  efiiisioa  oi  neariytoo 
pints  of  blood  had  taken  place  in  tbe 
chests  Mr.  Bayley  was  author  of  a 
poem  intituled,  <*SkelcJbes  from  St 
Geoi^e't  Fields'." 

36.  At  hb  house,  at  Berkeley,  in  his 
76th  year,  Edward  Jenner,  esq.  MJ). 
the  discoverer  of  Vaccination. 

The  doctor  not  appearing  at  tbe 
breakfittt-table  about  hia  usual  time^ 
on  Saturday  the  35th,  his  aervant  nai 
sent  to  call  him;  and  found  faiai, 
lying  on  the  floor,  in  a  severe  fit  of 
apoplexy.  His  nephew,  who  is  of  tbe 
medical  profession,  immediately  bled 
him,  and  another  relative  rode  to  Gioo* 
cester  to  fetch  Dr.  BanMU  Dr^  B.  so- 
companied  by  Mr.  Shrapnell,  surgeflo 
of  the  South  Gloucester  militia,  hasten- 
ed to  Berkeley.  They  found  the  symp- 
toms most  formidable,  and  every  eftrt, 
which  skill  could  suggest,  was  employed 
in  vain.  The  patient  continued  io  s 
state  of  total  insensibility  till  about  two 
o'clock  on  Sunday  .morning,  when  he 
expired. 

Dr.  Jenner  was  MJ).LLJ).  F.ltS. 
M.VJ.F.&C. ;  a  physician  extraordioaiy 
to  the  king,  and  a  magistrate  of  tbe 
county  of  Gloucester.    Natare  had  gives 
him  great  genius,  vast  sagacity,  mucb 
inclinatkm  for,  and  grnd  ardour  in  tbe 
prosecution  of  his  subjects  of  Natoisl 
History,   Physwlogy,    and    FStbol<«y* 
At  an  early  age  he  was  destined  to  tbe 
study  of  one  department  of  the  medksl 
profession,  Siirgety,    In  the  comneoe^ 
ment  of  his  studies,  he  assodated  with 
many  eminent  characters,  Dr.  ftny,  of 
Bath,  Dr.  Hickes,  of  Gloucester,  vtd 
Dr.  lAidlow,of  CorBham,nearBadi;ssd 
he  waahonouredwith  the  pecnliarfii^ 
ship  and  patronageof  the  lateMr.  Ma 
Hunter,  who,aware  of  the  extraordbisiT 
talents  of  Dr.  Jenner,  then  a  p«pil> 
offered  to  him  patronage,  coanexion, 
and  empWyment,  in  his  professioosl  sod 
physiological    pursuits.     Dr.  J^""2i 
nowever,  preferred  a  residence  st  bit 
native  place,  Berkeley,  where  he  »^ 
quired  both  high  k>cal  reputatioDi  •d° 
great  estimation  among  phiiosoph«r* 
and  medical  professors.    After  soise 
less  important  communications  to  the 
royal  society  of  London  (of  which  he 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE,         189^ 

DEATHS. 


«BS  «ftrly  flmde  a  member),  he  imparted 
to  them,  a  emnkte  Natural  mdory  o/* 
the  €hufJboe,  Dr.  JenneraUo  commani- 
cated  to  his  yoathfal  friend  and  col- 
]eigiie»  Dr.  Varrf  of  Bath,  hi^  disooveiy 
of  the  internal  diseased  tftructare  of  the 
heart,  irhich  prodaces  the  disease  called 
jimgimi  Peetorit,  and  which  was  bdbre 
uiricMwn  and  ooivectural .  After  a  long 
and  arduous  inquiry  into  the  disease 
termed  Cow  Pox,  which  is  a  common 
ooinplaint  in  cows  in  Gkmoestenhire, 
and  some  other  ooonties,  and  wldoh,  to 
thoee  who  receive  it  from  the  cows  in 
milking,  appears  from  long  existing 
tradition,  to  confer  complete  security 
from  Small  Fox,  either  natural  or 
inocnlated,  Dr.  Jenner  determined  to  put 
the  ftct  to  the  test  of  experiment,  and  ae^ 
eordingly,in  1 797,inociilated  some  young 
persons  with  matter  taken  from  the  dis- 
ease in  the  oows.  From  the  proof  of 
the  powers  which  these  experiments 
afforded,  of  the  Cow  Pox  inoculation 
to  protect  tlie  human  being  fW>m  Small 
Fox  contagion,  Dr.  Jenner  was  induced 
to  bring  this  inestimable  feet  l>eft>re  the 
public  In  1796.  This  discovery  he  pro- 
onrif^d  with  all  the  simplicity  of  a 
philosoplier,  and  with  all  the  disinter- 
estedness of -a  philanthropist. 

His  remains  were  interred  at  Berke* 
ley»  Feb.  3rd,  followed  by  an  immense 
conedntrse  of  persons. 

87.  At  his  house,  in  Bedford-row,  in 
hia  80th  year;  Charles  Hutton,  LL.D. 
F  SLS.  Dr.  Hutton  was  a  native  of 
NewcMtle^pon-Tyne,  where  he  was 
bom  in  1737.  At  an  early  age  he 
opened  a  school  in  the  place  of  his 
btrth;  and  in  1764  published  his  first 
votmne,  ''A  Practical  Treatise  on  Arith* 
meticand  Book-keeping.''  To  this  a 
Ker  for  tlie  nee  of  Tutors  was  afterwards 
added ;  aod,in  1 708,appeared  hie  quarto 
Treatise  on  Mensuration,  wlileh  led  to 
his  election  to  the  Royal  SodeW,  and 
his  ^pofaitment  at  Woolwich,  which  he 
held-  tiU  1807,  and  then  retired  on 
acoooat  of  111  health,  with  a  libeial  and 
wen-mtrited  pension  firmn  govemmenty 
and  a  Just  eulogy  from  the  Board  of 
Prdmmee,  the  department  best  acqaint- 
ed  with  his  services.  Dr.  Hutton  was 
for  some  time  fioreign  secretary  to  the 
Royal  Society;  but  when  sir  Joseph 
Bahks  succeeded  to  sir  John  Pringle  in 
its  presidency,  a  misunderstanding 
arose,  and  the  doctor  was  deprived  of 
his  ofiice.  Besides  the  works  already 
mentioned,  Dr.  Hutton  published  The 


Prineiples  of  Bridges,  8vo.  1779 ;  The  * 
Diarian  Miscellany,  S  vols.  12mo. ;  a 
Selection  of  useihl  and  entertaining  Puts 
from  the  Ladies'  Diary,  of  which  he  was 
for  a  long  time  editor;  Elements  of  the 
Coidc  Sections,  8vo.  1777;  Tables  of 
the  Products  and  Powers  of  Number^ 
folio,  1784;  Mathematical  Tiiblea 
(Logarithms),  1786i^^five  editions  to 
1811;  Tables  of  Interest,  8vo,  1786; 
Tracts,  Mathematical  and  Philosophical^ 
4to.same  year;  Compendious  Measurer^ 
ISmo,  mT.;  Mathematical  and  Philo*  ' 
sophical  Dlctkmary,  2  vols.  4to.  1796  ; 
and  many  other  treatises  on  Bfathe- 
matlcs.  Projectiles,  and  Philosophy.  As 
a  proof  how  little  his  extraordinary 
abilities  were  impaired,  either  by 
advanced  age  or  the  langour  of  illness, 
it  maybe  mentioned,  that,  almost  in  his 
very  ust  moments,  he  drew  up  a  paper 
in  reply  to  the  scientific  questions  pro- 
posed to  him  by  the  Bridge-house 
committee,!  relative  to  the  curves  most 
proper  to  be  employed  for  the  arches  of 
the  prcjected  New  London  Bridge. 
The  immediate  cause  of  his  decease 
was  a  cold,  that  aflfected  his  lungs,  and 
carried  him  off  apparently  without  pain. 
His  remains  were  interred  on  February 
4,  in  the  fiunily  vault  at  Charlton,  in 
Kent. 

S9.  At  Woodlands,  Blackheath,  at 
the  advanced  age  of  91,  John  Juliua 
Angerstein,  eso.  of  Fall-mall.  This 
gentieman,  was  Dom  at  St.  Petersbnrgh, 
in  the  year  1735.  About  1749  he  came 
to  England,  under  the  patronage  pf^ 
the  late  Andrew  Thompson,  esq.  an 
opulent  Russian  merchiuit.  In  tliat 
gentleman's  counting-house  he  remain- 
ed for  some  time,  and,  when  he  came 
of  age,  he  was  introduced  to  Lloyd's  by 
his  patron.  With  good  naforal  abilities 
and  unwearied  application,  Mr.  Anger- 
stein  quickly  became  celebrated  as  a 
broker  uid  underwriter.  His  subscrip- 
tion to  a  policy  was  quite  sufficient  to ' 
induce  otner  underwriters  to  add  their 
names.  In  such  repute  were  his  poli- 
cies, that,  for  some  years  after,  they' 
were  called  JuUam^  as  a  mark  of 
distinction.  It  is,  therefore,  not  sur^ 
prising  that  he  at  length  reached  the 
summit  of  commercial  Hmt  and  pros- 
perity; his  reputation  being  spread  to 
all  quarters  where  commerce  is  known. 
In  public  loans  his  list  was  ahvays 
ranked  among  the  first,  andmonied  men 
were  anxious  toobtain  a  pUce  in  it.  Nor 
were  his  exertions  conftfied  only  to  hie 


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IW     ANNUAL  REOISTBR,    I8t3. 


Oiflfce-lwose.oir»t«  his  tireaueiiBettkrts 
t]M  mc9omta»datimm  whlob  thty  at 
pieaeBt  ofooy.  H*  wm  tkc  nnpoter  of 
the  imie  off  Bndieqoer  Bilb  in  1793, 
by  ithieh,  at  a  eiitical  monent,  relief 
wasaftrdedtotrad*.  The  Veteriiiftrj 
oollefe  would,  perhapt,  have  nuik  to 
the  ground,  had  he  not  made  a  Ttgafons 
effort  in  Us  teronr,  at  a  moment  when 
its  funds  were  nearly  eshaasted ;  and 
he  was  the  first  to  propose,  from  the 
fund  at  Iioyd*s,  a  reward  of  two 
thousand  pounda  to  that  meritorious 
discovery,  the  life-bont.  It  is  no  riight 
pmof  of  hta  woeth,  that  heen^oyed  the 
friendship  of  Dr.  Johnson,  sir  Joshua 
Reynolds,  Oarrielc,  Jonas  Haaway,  and 
many  other  eminent  contemporaries. 
Asa  patron  of  ait  he  ranked  high.  His 
coUeetian  in  PslKmall  contained  some 
of  the  finest  works  of  the  fiiiesgn  and 
Britiih  artists* 

—  At  his  residence,  in  the  Regent's- 
parlc,  Lucius  Coneannon,  esq.  M*P.  ibr 
Winchelsea. 

31.  At  her  house,  at  8t.  Stephen's, 
near  St.  Albany  Miss  SheflMd, 
daughter  of  the  hite  sir  Charles  Shef- 
field, and  aunt  to  the  present  sir  Robert 
Sheflfeld,  bart.  Normanby-hall,  Lincoln, 
shire. 


FEBRUARY. 

1.  At  Calcutta,  sir  Robert  Henry 
Blossek,  kntlord  chief  justice  ofCal- 
cntia,  ibrmerlv  an  eminent  counsel 
upon  the  Norfolk  drcuit,  and  depnty 
recorder  of  Cambridgo^  Ho.  was  mp- 
pointed  lord  chief  justice  of  Calcutta, 
and  received  the  honour  of  knighthood) 
iol839. 

At  North  Cmv,  Kent,  in  his  SSth 
year,  the  rer.  Thomai  Moore,  rector 
for  fi^-seven  years  of  that  pnrish,  and 
thaadliMioing  one  of  Foot's  Cray. 

2.  In  Piocadilly,  Mi^fdalene  countess 
dowager  of  Dyaart. 

—  At  Coin,  St.  Aldwin's,  near  Fair- 
ford,  Gloucestershire,  in  his  7dth  year, 
general  Lister,  late  colonel  of  tiie  46th 
regt.aad  ffovemor  of  Landguard  Fort 

3«  la  Upper  Charlotte-street,  Filz* 
roy-oquare,  in  his  9Snd  year,  the  rev* 
James  Jones,  D*  D.  chancellor  of  the 
diocese  of  Herefbrd. 

—  Aged  89,  the  rev.  J.  Ceoke,  D,I>. 
nearly  forty  years  president  of  Corpus 


D8ATH8. 


Christ!  ceBege,   reelnr  of 

and  Begfarooks,  and  for  ab— i  fiftf  )  unt  a 

an  active  mugisttatefcr  the  eouaty  of 

Ozferd. 

5.  In  Hariey-sreet,  lady  RumbaM, 
relict  of  sir  IlioaMa  Rumbold,  koLit. 
and  daughter  of  Dr.  Sdmund  tmar, 
bishop  of  Gsrikle. 

7.  In  Smfibrdi^fOir,  Flmttco,  Mia. 
Amie  Radsliifey  long  known  and  admirad 
by  the  literary  world,  as  the  atathor  of 
some  romance^  which  have  bean  tiasa. 
laled  into  every  European  lottgaa.  Her 
first  woric  was  Athlia  and'  Dnmblait, 
her  second  The  Romanee  of  the  JMeat, 
and  her  third  The  Sicilian  Rosmtiee, 
which  established  herfiuneasaneh^gant 
and  original  writer.  Her  nest  pi»- 
duction,  published  in  1798,  was  Ibe 
ftoMms  Mysteries  of  iJdo^ilm,  fii^ which 
the  Robinsons  gave  her  10691^  aid 
were  wdl  repaid  for  their  speoulatiaii, 
the  work  being  univemaUy  sought  lor, 
and  many  larae  editions  tapadly  sold. 
In  1794,  Mn.  RadcUft  gave  to  the 
worid  a  Narrative  of  her  Travelt  in 
France^  Germany,  and  Italy;  but  in 
describing  mattem  of  filet,  her  wiitlufs 
were  not  equally  lavouied.  Some  yean 
after,  Cadell  and  Davies  gave  her  1  ^SOOL 
for  her  Italian,  which,  though  geneially 
read,  did  not  increase  her  reputation. 
Hie  anonymous  criticisms  which  ap- 
peered  upon  this  work,  the  imitations 
of  her  style  and  manner  by  various 
litenry  adventurers,  the  pubiientkm.  of 
soate  other  novels  under  anameslighdy 
varied  for  Ae  purpoee  of  impoSiaff  on 
and  the  flippant  t 


thepubU<^  and  the  flippantOBeof  the 
term  «  Raddifie  school,"  IqrscrihUers 
of  all  chnses,  tended  ts  diigusfe  her  with 
the  worid,  and  to  create  adepresrian 
olspirits,  which  led  her  fiir  manyyeara 
to  sednde  henelf  firom  soeietv^  Her 
loss  of  sphrits  was  foUowed  bv  iUhcakh^ 
and  the  only  aohics  of  herklteryMcs 
was  the  unwearied  attentions  of  anaf- 
fectienate  husband,  whsse  ^aod  intrl- 
ligenoe  enabled  him  to  appreciate  her 
extraordinary  worth.  In  one  of  the 
most  cbearfnl  situatians  reund  theme- 
tmfMlis,  under  a  gmduai  decay  of  her 
mental  and  bodily  powers,  thin  iaicl- 
lectual  ornament  of  her  sex  expired  in 
the  69od  year  of  her  age.  In  permn, 
Mrs.  Raddifie  was  of  dimiantive  aiss; 
and,  during  the  prime  of  Jier  life,  when 
she  mixed  in  company,  her  conversstion 
was  vivacious,  and  unalloyed  by  tbe 
pedantic  formality,  which  too  often  dtt- 
racterices  the  manners  of  literary  ladies. 


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APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE. 


\9l 


Mi  Babm^  «lak«,  «S4*  H-  P«   for 

Anmdel* 

10.  At  Mom^jfifLce,  SouUiampton, 
aged  70,  Mrs.  Youngy  relict  of  t|ie  late 
•^hn  Yoang,  esq.  professor  of  Greek  at 
the  University  of  Glawow. 

14.  At  CamberweJly  James  Foole, 
es4.of  tbe  Seal  office,  Inaar  Temple. 

-^  In  GuiUbrd-street,  in  her  Slst 
£ear»  Mrs.  Tooke,  relict  of  the  late  rev, 
w.  Tooke. 

1^  In  Brvanstoae-square^  a^d  94, 
tLe  rev,  Richard  Roberts,  D.  I>,  latQ. 
headrroa^r  of  St.  PauI's  school. 

—  At  rriar'a-hally  near  Melrose^  in 
hU  4|«t  year,  the  riffht  hon.  Richard 
Bao^  Dunning,  2na  baron  of  Ash- 
burton.  CO.  Devon*  He  was  youngest 
hut  only  surviving  son  of  John  1st  lord, 
by  £fiaabeth,  daughter  of  John  Baring, 
esq.  of  Larkbear,  co.  Devon,  and  was 
bom  Sept.  20,  1782.  On  the  death  of 
his  father,  the  celebrated  Dunning, 
Aug.  18,  1783,  he  (then  only  eleven 
months  old)  succeeded  to  the  title  and 
estates.  He  married  Sept.  17,  180^» 
Anne,  daughter  of  the.  late  William 
Cnnningham,  esq.  of  Lainshaw,  but 
leading  no  issue,  the  title  becomes 
extinct.  Hia  lordsbip  was  a  kind  and 
steady  bene&sptor  to  all  the  poor  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  his  romantic  seat  of 
KosehaU,  and  spent  annuallv  large  sums 
-^f  money  in  beautifying  and  improving 
his  property  there,  whereby  he  gave 
constant  employment  to  all  his  indus- 
trious tenants. 

20.  M  Chelsea,  lady  Lydia  Tumour, 
daughter  of  the  late  earl,  and  of  Ann^ 
countess  of  Winterton,  and  grand- 
daughter to  Thorny  lord  Archer. 

2).  At  He^ury,  nefu:  Gloucester,  in 
her  47th  year,  Camr^e,  lady  of  Robert 
Canaing,  eajc^  of  Hinlip,  Worcester; 
and.  ip'tw-^AVghter  and  co-heiress  of 
the  late  sir  Walter  Abingd9n  Con^ptoi^ 
hart. 

[  23*.  Miss  Luqr  Burch,  only  sister  ef 
J.  R.  Burch,  esq^  of  Brandoi\,  Su^lk, 
late  M.  P.  for  tlietford. 

94.  In  George-street,  l^rtman-square, 
lady  Laferey,  relict  of  vice-admiral  sir 
JohnLa/brey,  hart. 

26.  Near  Lausanne)  J,  P.  Kemhle^ 
esq.  in  his  66tK  year.  On  ti^  24th,  he 
rose  in  telerable  health,  aad  went  to  aa 
a^yoining  room  to  speak  toMrs.Kemble ; 
returning  to  his  room,  IV^.  Kemble  no^ 
Uced  that  he  tottered  in  his  gait,  and 
assisted  him  to  hb  chaU> ;  Dr.  Schole 
was  sent  for,  who  fouad  him  exhibiting 


DBATHS. 


5MV9  tmlnoiovble  apofi^moa^kU  left 
side  had  anflered  a  decided  attack  of 
apoplexy,  and  he  could  with  difficulty 
articulate. 

Dr.  Scheie,  with  the  assistance  of  his 
old  attached  aervant  Geoige,  helped 
hi  A  to  his  bed,  and,  in,  the  aet  of  con- 
ducting him  there,  a  second  attack  took 
place,  so  suddenly,  that  his  dothea 
were  obligfMi  to  be  cni  asunder,  in  order 
tha^  he  might  the  more  speedily  .be  let 
blood.  But  nature  waa&at  exhausting; 
nor  could  be  ever  make  use  of  hl& 
spepeh,  with  the  exception  of  a  few 
wQi^9  which,  he  had  uttered  on  Di*^ 
Schole 's  arrivaL  He,  howevei^  a^sepfe- 
ed  or  dissented  by  sigps  of  the  head,, 
until  within  two  hours  of  his  complete 
extinction.  In  fine,  a  third  attack,  on 
Wednesday  the  26th,  ju^  48  hours  siter 
the  first,  proved  fiit^A.  He^  had  ima- 
gined that  the  dimat^  of  Italy  wQuld 
prove  beneficial  to  his  health ;  but 
having  arrived  in  Rome  three  months 
before,  at  an  un&vom{ahle  season,  he, 
became  worse  and  wocse,  so  that  the 
English  physician,  Dr.  Clarke,  hurried 
him  avay  to  return  to  Lausanne,  whese 
he  had  been  compamtively  well.  Hia 
occupations  were  his  books  and  his 
garden^— the  latter  was  his  predilection  ; 
It  was  resorted  to  by  him  with  the  first 
rays  of  the  sun,  and  kept  in  a  state  of 
eultivation  rarely  to  be  surpassed. 

He  was  the  eldest  son  cf  Mr.  Roger 
Kemble,  and  was  bom  in  1757,  at  Pres- 
ent, in  Lancashire.  He  recei¥ed  the 
first,  part  of  his  education  at  tiie  Ronuui 
Catholic  seminarv  at  Sedsceley  Ptok,  ia 
Stafiordshire,  and  was  dftetwards  sem 
to  the  Umversitv  oi  Douay  to  be  qualh 
find  ffr  one  of  the  Ifamed  pro^ssiona* 
Here  he  soon  became  dlsUnguished  for 
that  talent  of  elocution)  «4ucb  altera 
warda  nused  him  to  such  eminence* 
Ha¥ing.&U8bed  his  academical,  studies^ 
he  retumedto  England,  and„prefiirring 
the  stage  to*  either  of  the  prefessiona 
(or  which  he  had  beea  intendeda  he 
perfocmed  at  liverpQo^,  YQrk,aad  Edia- 
burgh.  While  at  York,  Mr,  Kemble 
ii^ti^uced  a  new  species  of  entertain- 
ment, consisting  of  recitations  of  some 
of  the  Odes. of  Mason,  CoUins,  and 
Gray»  the  talea^f  Le  Fexrraaad  Mari% 
from  Sterne ;  and  other  pa>u)ac  pieeea 
in  prose  aqd  Kewew  Ia  these  he.  was 
particukrly  sneeessfuL  In  fidinhitigb 
he  delivered  a  Lecture,  of  hie  own  eepar 
piositioii,en  Sacred  and  Profane  Ocatorf, 
which   gained   him    som^  repiijt«|iOB 


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192     ANNUAL   UEGISTER,  1823. 


among  men  of  letters, 
performed  for  two  yesrs  witfti  iUtlerhig 
micee88  in  Dublin.    Mr.  Kemble  made 
his  first    appearanee  in   London,  at 
Drury-lane  Theatre,  in  the  character 
df  Han^et,  Sept.  30,  1788.    His  recep- 
tion was  most  enooimtfing ;  bat  he  luid 
not  an  opportunity  of  fmly  developing 
his  powers^  till  the  retirement  of  Mr. 
Smith,  in  1788,  who  had  been  in  pos-> 
eesnoD  of  almost  all  the  principal  parts 
both  in  tragedy  and  comedy.    On  the 
secession  of   Mr.  King,  Mr.  Kemble 
became  manager  of  Drury-lane  The- 
atre, which  office  he  fiUed  till  1796. 
Shortly  afterwards  he  resnmed  the  ma- 
nagement, and  held  it  till  the  conclu- 
sion of  the  season  1800-1.     In  180S 
Mr.  Kemble  visited  the  Continent,  for 
the  purpose  of  introducing  to  the  Bri- 
tish stage  whatever  he  might  find  wor- 
^y  of  adoptioh  in  foreign  theatres,  and 
spent  a   twelve-month  at   Paris  and 
Madrid.    On  his  return  he  purchased 
a  sixth  part  of  the  property  of  Covent 
Garden  patent,  and  became  manager  of 
that  Theatre ;  which  situation  he  filled 
till  a  season  or  two  before  his  retire- 
ment.     Durinff  his   management  in 
London,  Mr.  Kemble  revived  several 
peioes  of  merit,  and  adapted  others  to 
the  taste  of  modem  times.    He  was  the 
author  of  Belisarius,  a  tiagedy  which 
was  acted  at  Hull  in  1778,  but  never 
printed;  the  Female  Officer,  a  farce, 
acted  at  York  in  1779,  not  printed; 
O!  it's  Impossible!  (altered mm  the 
Comedy  of  Errors)  a  comedy  performed 
at  York  1780,  but  never  printed ;  the 
Pfemnel,  afiirce,  taken  from  Bickerstafifs 
»Ti8  well  it's  no  Worse;   the  Farm- 
House,  a  comedv ;  Love. in  many  Masks, 
a  comedy ;  Lodoiska,  a  musical  romance ; 
Celadon  and  Florimel,  a  comedy,  not 
printed.    Mr.  Kemble  also  published, 
about  the  year  1780,  a  small  collection 
of  verses,  under  the  title  of  **  Fugitive 
Pieces."    They  were  juvenile  produc- 
tions, and  it  is  said  that  the  very  day 
after  their  publication,  he  was  so  dis- 
contented with  them  when  in  print, 
that  he  destroyed  every  copy  he  could 
procure ;  some  few,  however,  escaped 
the  general    immolation,   and  one  of 
them,  at  a  sale  a  fow  years   dnce, 
fotched  3/.  5t. 

S7.  In  coBsequenoe  of  a  fit  of  apo- 
plexy with  wtuch  he  was  seized  while 
walking  in  his  garden,  the  preceding 
Sunday,  the  rev.  Charies  Talbot,  Dean 
of  Salhimry,  youngest  son  of  the  late 
hon.  and  rev.  Dr.  Talbot. 


DEATHS. 
He  afterwards       —  At  Frome-houie,  in  Dorsetdiiiv, 
Nicholas  Gould,  esq.  one  of  the  eld- 
est families  of  that  county,  and  broker 
of  the  late  countess  of  Staffbrd. 


MARCH. 

2.  In  his  64th  year*  Charles  Dium- 
mond,  esq.  banker,  Charing-crow,  alter 
undeigoing  an  operation  for  the  stone 
three,  days  previously. 

—  At  her  residence,  Stoke-cottsge, 
near  Guildford,  aged  84,  lady  Buniabj, 
relict  of  admiral  sir  W.  Bumaby,  bait 
of  Brooghton-hall,  Oxfordshire. 

3.  At  her  house,  in  StiatloQ-streH> 
Mrs.  Craufiird,  relict  of  m^jor-geneiaJ 
Cutlin  CraufUrd. 

—  At  RoUs-paric,  after  a  few  day^ 
illness,  and  after  havinff  just  completed 
his  31st  year,  Wm.  Harvey,  esq.  only 
surviving  son  of  admiral  sir  Elurt  Hsr- 
vey,  M.P.  for  Essex. 

8.  In  Lower  Brook-street,  sir  WiUism 
Duff  Gordon,  hart.,  many  years  repre- 
sentative in  parliament  for  the^tya 
Worcester. 

—  In  Somerset-street,  Foitmso- 
square,  in  her  71st  year,  Mary,  coaa- 
tess  dowager  of  Rosebeny. 

10.  At  his  house,  Chariotte-street. 
Bloomsbury,  after  a  short  iHness,  the 
rev.  W.  Bingley,  A.M.  F.L.S.  author  rf 
Animal  Biography,  Useful  Kaowledie, 
and  various  other  works  of  instructiee. 

—  At  Reading,  in  his  80th  year, 
Richard  Maul,  esq. 

—  At  Borough-BridKe-haU,  YoHt- 
shire,  aged  31,  Marmaduke  Uwsbb, 
esq.  Ute  M.P.  for  Borough  Bridge. 

11.  At  Brighton,  Mis.  Gale,  tf^fj* 
lient.-general  Henry  Richmond  Osie, 
of  Bardsea-hall,  Lancashire. 

13.  At  his  house  in  Dean-street,  ifiT 
FWr,  after  a  few  days'  illness,  licat- 
gen.  H.  M.  Gordon. 

—  In  Sloane-street,  in  his  67di  yttr» 
Baron  Best,  one  of  his  wajmifH  »*>• 
verian  councillors,  K.C.H.  and  F.it* 

13.  At  Rochftt%  near  Brentwoo^« 
his  89th  year,  the  right  hon.  John  Jw- 
vis,  earl  St.  Vincent, G.C.B.  HislMj 
ship  was  made  post-capt^,  Ajwil  1^ 
1786;  i«aradounaoftkebliw,I>Ma^ 
her  3,  1790;  vice  admiral,  Apifly 
1794;  Admiral,  February  14,  Vgf 
and  admiral  of  the  fleet,  July  19,  lljj- 
He  was  also  appointed  g^«al«  t» 
royal  marines.  May  7, 1814. 

14.  At  Turville-park,  near  Henjer 
iipon-llMimes,  in  his  85th  year,theeele- 
bnted  general  Dumourie? 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE. 


198 


DEATHS. 


16  At  Aldboroogfa,  in  the  county  of 
Norfolk,  Geo.  Rising,  esq. 

18.  At  his  house  in  Berkeley-square, 
Geo.  N.  Viucent,  esq. 

— >  In  Bolton-rowy  May  Fkir,  general 
James  Balfour,  of  the  8drd  regiment  of 
foot. 

—  At  Ashford-lodge,  Halstead,  m  his 
S4th  year,  Angelo,  youngest  son  of  Ff  r^ 
min  Ve  'HMte^  esq. 

20.  In  Half-Moon-Street,  general  the 
lirtt  hon.  sir  George  Beckwitb,  G.C.B. 
oMoiiel  of  the  89tfa  regiment. 

—  At  Torquay,  Pevon,  Charlotte, 
wife  of  Grenviile  Pigott/  esq.  of  Dod- 
derhall-park,  Bucks,  youngest  daughter 
of  Edward  Long,  esq.  of  Hampton- 
kklge,  Surry. 

'  —  At  Kincardine,  the  right  hon.  Geo. 
viscount  Keith,  admiral  of  the  red, 
G.C.B.  Sk.  in  his  76th  year.  His  lord, 
•bip  was  son  of  the  late  Charles  lord 
Elphinstone.  He  was  bom  in  the  year 
1747.  His  promotion,  as  pqst^captain, 
bears  date  May  11,  1775 ;  and  the  fol- 
lowing year  he  was  appointed  to  the 
Bearl  frigate  of  thir^-two  guns,  in 
wbtdi  vessel  he  served  in  America, 
mider  the  orders  of  lord  Howe ;  and 
afterwards  in  the  Perseus  frigate,  under 
admiral  Arbuthnot.  At  the  reduction 
of  Charleetown,  he  commanded  a  de- 
tachment of  seamen  on  shore,  and  re- 
ceived the  official  praise  of  general 
Clinton.  On  his  return  from  Ame«> 
tkn,  captain  Elphinstone  was  appoint- 
ed to  the  Wanrick  of  fifty  guns,  in 
which  vessel  he  fell  in  with,  and  cap- 
tared,  the  Rotterdam,  a  Dutch  man-of- 
war,  of  equal  force)  and  some  time 
Sfter,  L'Aigte;  a  French  frigate,  of  forty 
guns  and  600  men.  On  the  commence- 
naent  of  the  war  wiUi  France,  in  the 
year  1793,  he  was  appointed  to  com- 
mand the  Robust  of  seventy-four  guns, 
qae  of.  the  squadron  under  lord  Hood, 
wfaich*sailea  for  the  Mediterranean  in 
the  month  of  May.  In  the  arduous 
and  difficult  post  of  governor  of  Fbrt 
la  MalgUe,and  commander  of  the  troops 
landed  at  Toulon>  captain  Elphinstone 
displayed  consummate  knowledge  of  mi- 
liti^  tactisB.  When  it  became  un- 
svoiaably  necessary  that  Toulon  should 
be  evacuated,  the  care  of  embarking  the 
artillery,  sto^^es,  and  troops,  was  com- 
mitted to  cSptain  Elphinstone.  For 
tome  other  important  services,  he  was, 
In  1797,  createa  a  baron  of  the  kingdom 
of  Ireland,  by  the  title  of  lord  Keith, 
and  for  a  short  Ume  commanded  a  de- 
VoL.  LXV. 


taohment  of  the  Channel  fleet.  In  the 
summer  of  the  following  year,  he  suc^ 
ceeded  eari  St.  Vincent  in  the  command 
of  the  fleet  in  the  Mediterranean ;  and 
toon  after,  had  the  misfortune  to  lose 
bis  ship,  the  Queen  Charlotte,  in  tlie 
Bay  of  Genoa,  by  an  accidental  fire. 
On  the  1st  of  Januarv,  1801,  lord 
Keith  was  advanced  to  be  admiral  of 
the  blue ;  he,  at  this  time,  commanded 
the  naval  force  employed  against  the 
french  on  the  coast  of  Egypt.  His 
conduct  on  this  important  station,  was 
folly  equal  to  the  high  promise  it  had 
held  forth.  In  1803,  lord  Keith  com- 
manded  on  the  Downs  station ;  and  sifb- 
sequently  the  Channel  fleet,  in  1814. 
He  left  a  daughter,  married  to  a  French 
general. 

31.  At  the  eari  of  Liverpo<^*s,  White- 
hall, lieut.-coIonel  Jenkinson,  in  his 
41st  year. 

24.  Ih  Berkeley-square,  lady  Bforf* 
anne  Smith,  wlfo  of  Abel  Smith,  esq. 
M.  P.  and  sister  to  the  eari  of  Leven  and 
MelviUe. 

30.  John  Hiigbton,e8q.M.D.  F.R.S. 
many  years  letturer  on  midwifery  and 
physiology  in  the  Medical  Schools  of 
the  United  Hospitals,  Southwdrk. 

98.  Sir  Islar  Campbell,  in  the  eighty* 
ninth  ^r  of  his  age.  He  mk  borti  on 
the23rdofAug\ist,  1734.  He  was  the 
eldest  son  of  Archibald  Campbell  of 
Snccoth,  and  his  mother  was  the  daugh- 
ter and  representative  of  Wallace  of 
fillersly,  a  branch  of  the  fiimily  of  sir 
UnUiam  Wallace.  He  came  to  the  bar 
in  1757— was  made  solid  tor-genenil  in 
1783— lord  advocate  in  1784— and  was 
soon  after  chosen  member  for  the  Glai*- 
gow  district  of  bui^hs,  which  he  con- 
tinued to  represent  in  pariiament,  taking 
an  active  snare  in  all  the  important 
transactions  of  the  time,  until  he  was 
raised  to  the  chair  of  president  of  thfe 
court  of  session  m  1789.  In  1794,  he 
was  placed  at  the  head  of  the  commis- 
sion of  dyer  and  terminer,  issued  at 
that  disturbed  period  for  the  trial  of 
those  accused  of  high  treason  in  Scot- 
land. He  continued  to  hold  the  sitn»- 
tion  of  president  of  the  court  of  session 
for  upwards  of  nineteen  years,  and  re- 
signed his  high  office  in  autumn  1808. 
The  foculties  of  his  mind  remaining 
entire,  he  was  afterwards  chosen  to 
preside  over  the  two  difiisrent  commis- 
sions for  inquiring  into  the  state  of  the 
courts  of  law  in  Scotland. 

39.  In  Bedford-square,  Brighton,  ih 

O 


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194       ANNUAL 


hit  74th  year,  sir  John  Earner,  knight, 
one  of  the  aldermen  for  the  city  of 
London ;  in  which  office  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Mr.  J.  Key. 

—  At  Firbright  Lodge,  Surrey,  in 
•bis  75th  year,  Andrew  Stirling^  esq.  of 
Drumpellier,  Lanaricshire. 

—  At  bis  lodge,  in  Downing  College, 
E.  Christian,  esq.  of  Gray's  Inn,  bar- 
lister-at-law,  chief  justice  of  the  Isle  of 
Ely,  Downing  professor  of  the  laws  of 
England,  in  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge, professor  of  general  polity,  and 
the  laws  of  England,  in  the  East  India 
College,  Hertford,  and  a  commissioner 
of  bankrupts.  He  was  formerly  fellow 
«f  St.  John's  CoUegc,  B.  A.  1779, 
M*  A.  178S,  and  was  distinguished  for 
bis  classical  acquirements,  having  ob- 
-toined  the  Chancelter's  medal  in  1770. 
He  published—"  Examination  of  Pre- 
cedents and  Principles,  from  which  it 
appears  that  an  impeachment  is  deter- 
mined by  a  dissolution  of  Parliament,^' 
1 790, 8vo. ;  <'  Dissertation  showing  that 
the  House  of  Lords  in  (cases  of  judica- 
tere)  is  bound  by  precisely  the  same 
rules  of  evidence  as  are  observed  by  all 
©ther  courts,"  1792,  8vo.;  "Black- 
stone's  Commentaries,  with  notes  and 
additions,"  12th  ed.  4  vols.  8vo.  1795, 
16th  edit.;  "A  Syllabus  of  Lectures 
delivered  in  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge," 1797,  8vo. ;  "  Charge  to  the 
Grand  Jury  at  the  Assiies  held  at  Ely, 
March  9,"  1804,  4to. ;  "  Account  of 
the  Origin  of  the  two  Houses  of  parlia- 
ment, with  a  Statement  of  the  Privileges 
of  the  House  of  Commons,*'  1810,  8vo. ; 
"  Origin,  Progress,  and  present  State 
of  the  Bankrupt  Laws  m  Enghmd,'' 
1812,  2  vols.  8vo. ;  "  Instructions  on 
a  Commission  of  Bankrupt,"  8vo. ; 
**  Treatise  on  the  Game  Laws,"  8vo. ; 
"  Plan  for  a  Country  Provident  Bank ; 
with  Observations  upon  Provident  Insti- 
tutions already  eetablished,"  1816, 
8vo. 

31.  At  Cambridge,  after  an  illness 
of  only  three  days,  sir  Corbet  Cori>et, 
bart.of  Adderley-hall,  Shropshire,  and 
M.  A.  of  Trinity  College. 

In  Prince'fustreet,  Edinburgh,  in  his 
93rd  year,  Robert  Craig,  esq.  of  Ric- 
carton,  the  last  male  heir  of  sir  Thomas 
Craig,  of  Riccarton,  the  great  feudal 
lawyer  of  Scotiand.  Mr.  Craig  was  ad- 
mitted advocate  in  1754,  and  was  one 
x»fthe  commissaries  of  Edinburgh,  which 
oflSce  he  resigned  many  yeass  ago.  It 
is  remarkable,  that  his  lather's  elder 


REGISTER,  1823. 

DEATHS. 


brother  succeeded  to  the  estate  of  Ric* 
carton  in  January  1681,  so  that  there 
has  been  only  one  descent  in  the  &ini- 
ly  for  142  years. 

At  Belan,  in  the  county  of  Kildare, 
the  right  hon.  John  StraUbrd,  earl  of 
Aldborouglf. 

In  Kildsre-street,  Dublin,  sir  Thooias 
Bond,  hart,  in  his  46th  year. 

At  Nice,  where  he  had  gone  for  the 
recovery  of  his  health,  the  hon.  Edward 
Spencer  Cowper,  brother  of  eari  Cowper. 

At  Tours,  in  consequence  ci'M,  taU 
from  his  horse,  S.  Atterson,  esq.  late  of 
Portland-place. 

At  Abbeville,  on  his  way  to  Paris:, 
aged  20,  lord  Caulfield,  only  son  of  the 
earl  of  Chariemont. 

At  Ghent,  sir  Thomas  Constable, 
bart.  ofTizall,  Staflbrdshire,  andBor^ 
ton  Constable,  Yorkshire. 

At  Calcutta,  in  his  38th  year,  of  an 
attack  ci  cholera  morbus,  archdeacoa 
Loring. 

At  Paris,  Robt.  Heathoote,  esq. 
brother  of  sir  Gilbert  Heathcote,  bart. 

At  Malta,  Stephen  Gaisford,  esq.  of 
the  Ordnance  Medical  Department. 

At  St.  Christopher's,  aged  26.  Mrs. 
Maxwell,  lady  of  Cbas.  Mucwefl,  esq. 
governor  of  that  island,  only  daughter 
of  oolonel  Douglas,  of  Annan,  and  first 
cousin  of  the  marquis  of  Qoeensberry. 

Af,  Rome,  Charlotte,  the  lady  of 
Joseph  Jellicoe,  esq.  of  London,  mer- 
chant, and  second  daughter  of  EEerUm 
Leigh,  esq.  of  High  Leigh  and  Twem- 
low,  in  the  county  of  Cheshire. 

At  Versailles,  lady  Smyth,  relict  of 
the  late  sir  Robert,  and  mother  of  sir 
George  Smyth,  bart.  of  Berechnrch 
Hall,  Essex. 


APRIL. 

2.  In  Beaumont-street,  in  bis  8(Hb 
year,  captain  Autheme. 

—  At  her  fathecfs  seat,  Borwood 
Park,  Mary,  the  lady  of  James  C.  Tylec^ 
es^.  of  Twickenham,  Middlesex,  and 
third  daughter  of  sir  John  Frederick, 
bart. 

Lately,  at  Grillon's  Hotel,  Albe- 
marle-street,  in  his  49th  year,  sir 
Thomas  Webb,  bart. 

5.  At  Reading,  the  rev.  W.  J.  Mansel, 
(eldest  son  of  sir  W.  Mansel,  bart) 
rector  of  Ellesborough,  Bucks,  and 
Hithe,  Oxfordshire. 

7.  In  Portland-place,  the  rev.  l)r. 


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APPENDIX   TO   CHRONICLE. 


DEATHS 

Trice,    prebendary  of  Durham,    and     celebrated 
canon  residentiary  of  Salisbury. 

—  At  his  house  in  SaviUe-row,  sir 
George  Gunning,  bart. 

—At  Brompton,  aged  1 9,  the  youngest 
daughter  of  sir  James  Mackintosh. 

10.  Edward  Berlceley  Portman,  esq. 
ofBryan8tone-house,Dor8et8hire,during 
many  years  M.  P.  for  the  county  of 
Dorset.  His  remains  were  deposited 
in  the  family  vault  at  Bryanstone  on 
the  16th. 

11.  At  Clifton,  near  Bristol,  hidy 
Anna  Owen,  of  Pbrtman-square,  London, 
mother  of  the  late  sir  Hugh  Owen,  bart. 
of  Orieltoo,  Pembroke. 

—  At  her  seat  In  Wales,  in  her  61st 
Tear,  the  right  hon.  Diana,  baroness 
Barfaam,  wife  of  sir  Gerard  Noel  Noel, 
bart.  M.  P. 

13.  At  her  house  in  Harley^treet, 
Mrs.  Leigbton,  eldest  daughter  of  the 
late   general    Francis    Leigbton,    and 


195 


and 


constructor  of  maps 
charts. 

—  In  Mortimer-street,  Cavendish* 
square,  in  his  86th  year«  Joseph  Nol* 
lekens,  esq.  R.  A.  an  emment  sculptor. 
He  is  said  to  have  left  behind  him  pro- 
perty amounting  to  300,0001.,  amassed 
ny  habits  of  strict  parsimony,  or  rather 
penuriousness.  He  beoueathed  £0,000/. 
to  Dr.  Ken  rick,  public  liSiarian  at  Cam- 
bridge ;  and  a  similar  sum  to  Francis 
Douce,  esq.  the  able  antiquary,  and 
illustrator  of  Shakspeare.  The  latter 
gentleman  is  also  left  residuary  legatee. 

94.  Aged  69,  Mr.  Thomas  Simpson, 
41  years  resident  engineer  of  the  Chelsea 
water-works.  Mr.  Simpson  was  the 
friend  of  Rennie  and  Watts,  and  con- 
tributed greatly  towards  that  distinction 
which  the  civil  engineers  of  this  countiy 
enjoy.  He  was  the  projector  of  the 
Lunbeth  water-works :  Glasgow  and 
Liverpool  also  have  both  profited  by  his 


naod-danghter  of  sir  Edward  Leigbton,     ingenui^,  while  London  is  in  no  small 
Dart.ofWattlesbury,  in  the  coonty  of    degree  indebted  to 


Haloo, 

16.  At  Great  Malvern,  Worcester- 
diire,  after  a  long  illness,Mrs.  Bathurst, 
the  lady  of  the  right  rev.  the  lord  bishop 
of  Norwich. 

18.  At  St.  John's  rectory,  Southwark, 
In  his  68th  year,  the  rev.  W.  Jarvis 
Abdy,  A.  M.  more  than  forty  years  re- 
sident minister  of  that  parish. 

19.  At  his  residence,  in  Montague- 
square,  sir  Charles  Bampfylde,  bart.  in 
consequence  of  a  wound  received  on  the 
7tli,  from  a  pistol  shot,  which  entered 
his  aide.  The  murderer,  J.  Morland, 
a  person  formerly  In  sir  Charles's  ser- 
▼ice,  npon  seeing  that  his  aim  had  taken 
effect,  put  a  second  pistol  into  his  own 
month  and  destroyed  himself.  Sir 
Charles  belonged  to  one  of  the  oldest 
and  most  distinguished  fomilies  in  De- 
vonshire, and  was  the  twenty-second 
baronet.  He  married  Miss  Moore 
(daughter  of  sir  John  Moore,  bart  K.B. 
admiral  of  the  red),  who  survives  him, 
bnt  they  had  not  lived  together  for 
•everal  years.  By  this  lady  he  had  one 
•on,  who  succeeds  to  the  title  and  estates. 

SI.  Atl^n-bill,  Wandsworth,Charle8 
Warren,  esq.  of  Constitution-row,  Giay's 
Inn-road.  He  expired  very  suddenly 
while  in  conversation,  his  death  being 
occasioned  by  an  enlargement  of  the 
beart.  As  an  engraver,  he  ranked  high 
in  his  profesnon. 

S3.  At  his  house  in  Soho-square,  in 
bis  74th  year,  A.  Arrowsmith,  esq.  the 


him  for  the  pure 
water  with  which  it  is  supplied.  He 
was  a  native  of  Black-ball,  in  Cumber- 
land. 

35.  At  his  seat,  Himley-hall,  in  the 
county  of  Staffordshire,  aged  74.William, 
viscount  Dudley  and  Ward,  who  is  suc- 
ceeded by  his  only  son  John  William. 

36.  Bryan  William  Darwin  Cooke, 
esq.  of  Alverley  Grange,  in  the  county 
ofYork. 

—  Aged  SO,  Mr.  R.  W.  Wynn,  a 
young  artist  of  considerable  promise. 
His  death  was  occasioned  by  bis  gun 
accidentally  going  off,  while  he  was 
shooting  near  Homsey-wood:  he  sur- 
vived the  accident  but  a  few  hours. 

—  At  Chelsea,  aged  69,  Mrs.  Rein- 
agle,  wife  of  P.  Reinagle,  esq.  R.  A. 

37.  In  Newgate-street, GeorgeWinter, 
esq.  many  years  coromon-oouncilman 
for  the  ward  of  Farringdon. 

— « In  Brunswick-square,  the  hidy  of 
W.  Reader,  esq.  barrister  at  law. 

—  At  Dura,  on  board  his  majesty's 
ship  Cyrene,  doctor  Andrew  Nicoll, 
deputy  Inspector  of  Hospitals,  and 
chief  medical  officer  on  the  coast  of 
Africa. 

Doctor  Nicoll  was  the  son  of  Mr. 
David  Nicoll,  a  creditable  former  in 
the  parish  of  Seggie,  near  St.  Andrewli, 
Fifeshire,  in  Scotland.  He  received 
the  rudiments  of  his  education  in  the 
parish  where  he  was  bom,  and  com- 
pleted his  classical  studies  at  the  Uni- 
versity'of  Edinburgh,  where  he  entered 
OS 


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196      ANNUAL    REGISTER,    18t3. 


DEATHS. 


himself  a  stadent  of  Humanity  and  of 
Medicine  in  1807.  Ha\nng  completed 
hl%  term  of  study,  be  graduated  in  1810 ; 
and  was,  almost  immediately  after- 
wards, appointed  assistant  surgeon  to 
the  80th  regiment,  then  on  the  Madras 
establishment,  which  be  JQined  iu  the 
following  year.  It  was  on  this  staga 
that  doctor  Nicoll  first  displayed  bis 
professional  talents,  both  in  his  care  of 
the  regiment,  which  soon  devolved  on 
him,  owing  to  the  ill  health  of  the  Sur- 
geon, and  as  an  acute  and  accurate 
observer  of  the  effects  of  climate  and 
situation  on  the  animal  economy,  in  a 
memorial  on  liver  disease. 

The  high  estimation  in  which  be  was 
held  by  the  medical  board  wasacknow.* 
ledged  in  a  public  communication,  ad« 
dressed  to  him  on  his  leaving  India,  stat- 
ing the  regret  of  its  members,  that  one 
80  well  calculated  to  investigate  and 
throw  light  upon  Indian  diseases  should 
be  withdrawn  from  the  field  of  inquiry. 
The  constant  attention  of  doctor 
Nicoll  to  the  sufierings  of  the  sick 
soldier  led  him  to  suggest  many  things 
for  his  comfort,  and,  amongst  others,  tp 
invent  an  excellent,  cheap  vapoor-batb, 
which  has  been  found  of  the  greatest 
utility  in  the  treatment  of  several 
dis(^es,  and  particularly  chronic  rheu- 
matism, a  malady  from  which  soldiers 
sufier  severely  on  returning  home  from 
a  warm  climate. 

Soon  after  his  arrival  in  England, 
doctor  Nicoll  left  the  80th  regiment^ 
of  which  he  was  still  only  assistant 
surgeon,  and  continued  for  nearly  a 
year  not  officially  employed,  filling  up 
his  time  with  acquiring  a  knowledge  of 
Mineralogy,  Botany,  and  Natural 
History,  in  order  to  qualify  him  for  any 
situation  abroad  to  which  he  might  be 
appointed .  His  talents  did  not  long  re*, 
main  unobserved  by  sir  James  Mac-6re^ 
jor,  the  director-general,  who,  conceiv- 
mg  that  he  was  well  adapted  to  prore 
useful  ina  quarterof  the  world  which  had 
exr:ted  much  public  attention,  and  con^ 
sidering  also  that  he  was  prepared  to 
withstand  the  unwholesomeness  of  ^ 
tropical  climate  by  his  previous  resi- 
dence in  India,  appointed  him  to  the 
situation  of  principal  medical  officer  at 
Sierra  Leone,  where  he  arrived  in 
December  1818. 

The  impulse  which  doc^r  NicoU'is 
'^P^^^t  activity,  and  industry  prodnoed 
in  the  medical  department  over  which 
he  presided  in  Anica,  was  soon  con- 


spicuous. The  junior  medieal  oflioen^ 
who  had  previously  merely  attended  ta 
their  duties  of  visiting  and  prescribing 
for  the  sick,  were  rou^  to  direct  their 
attention,  not  only  to  the  effecu  oC 
climate  on  the  constitutionB  of  the 
troops,  but  to  tbe  topogr^y  of  the 
pUices  where  they  were  statioiied ;  to 
cultivate  Mineralogy  and  Botany;  la 
collect  aod  preserve  objects  of  Natortl 
History,  and  to  keep  regular  Meteoro- 
logical tables.  Quarterly  reports  were 
demanded  from  each  estabHshanent  on 
the  Coast;  and  these  were  embodied 
by  doctor  Nicoll  in  general  half-yearly 
reports. 

29.  In  Sloane-street,  capt.  T.  Kurd, 
R.N.  Hydrographer  to  the  Board  of 
Admiralty. 

—  At  his  house,  in  Great  Camber- 
land-plaee,  lieut.-general  Vere  Waner 
Hussey,  aged  76. 

^  ^t  Worcester,  col-  James  Wemyw, 
of  the  Boyal  marines,  and  father  oC  etL 
Wemyss,  late  of  the  50th  regt.  This 
officer  lost  an  arm  at  the  battle  of  Tia* 
(algar. 

Lately  at  Glasgow,  Dr.  Taylor,  o«e 
of  the  ministers  of  the  High-churchy 
and  principal  of  the  college  in  that  dfft. 

At  CourtowD,  the  coontess  of  Cour^ 
town. 

At  Paris,  aged  60,  colonel  ThorolOB, 
<rf  Tbornville  Royal,  Yorkshire,  tbf 
celebrated  sportsman,  .  author  .of  a 
Sporting  Tour'  Uirough  the  North  of 
England  and  the  Highlands  of  Scotland, 
1804,  and  of  a  Sporting  Tour  throagb 
France,  1306. 

In  Canada,  Thomas  Scot^  esq.  Piy- 
master  of  his  m^esty^s  70th  regiments 
brother  to  sir  Walter  ScotU  He  bid 
been  serving  with  thif  regiment  is 
Canada,  since  the  commenceaieBtof  the 
late  American  war. 


MAY. 

.  1.  At  Hill-hall,  Essex,  m  hit  78th 
year,  col.  sir  W.  Smyth,  hart, 

—  At  his  residence,  in  the  GreeUr 
park,  lord  W.  Gorden. 

3.  At  Cheltenham,  in  his  80th  yfV* 
the  right  hon.  Sylvester  l^ouglaa,  k>rd 
Glenbervie,  after  an  illiiets  ^f-  tM 
months.  >,;-.: 

fle  was  tbe  son  of  John  Douglas,  «<l* 
of  Fecbil,  Aberdeenshjie ;  waaeducst^ 
St  the  University  of  Aberdeen,  and 
originally  intended  ibr  a  physictio.  M 


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APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE. 


197 


he  cfauged  kis  intentSoir,  came  to 
London,  studied  the  law,  and  was  called 
ta  the  bar.  Like  most  young  barristers, 
be  applied  himself  to  a  particular 
branch  of  the  profession ;  he  attended 
the  commidees  of  the  House  of  Com- 
BMms  on  election  affiUrs,  constituted  by 
Mr.  Gmivllle's  bill)  and  in  1777 
pablished  a  ''Historjr  of  the  oases  of 
controverted  Elections  determined 
daring  the  Fourteenth  I^rliament  of 
Great  Britain,''  4  vols.  8vo.,  which 
reached  a  second  edition  in  1802.  This 
work  brought  him  into  note,  and  some 
practice  in  election  concerns.  He  then 
rdinquished  those  reports  to  jroiinger 
barristers,  and  published  ''Reports of 
cMes  determined  in  the  court  of  King's 
Bench  in  the  19th,  20th,  and  2l8t, 
Oeorge  3rd."  iblio,  178S.  Mr.  Doughis 
centHraed  at  the  bar  till  he  married 
lAdy  Anne  North,  daughter  of  the  prime 
minister  North,  which  introduced  him 
into  political  life*  He  was  made  a 
king^  coonsel,  nominated  to  a  variety 
of  cffices  in  succession,  introduced  into 
parliament,  and  appointed  by  the 
interest  of  his  &ther4n-law,  chief  secre- 
tary in  Ireland,  and  afterwards  a  com- 
mteioner  of  the  treasury.  He  resided 
some  years  in  Ireland,  and  in  1801,  was 
cnaXed  a  peer  of  that  kingdom,  by  the 
title  of  baron  Olenbervie.  After  this 
elevation  be  enjoyed  several  lucrative 
places:  be  became  joint  paymaster  <Hr 
tbe  army;  then,  in  1803,  surveyor- 
general  of  the  king's  woods  and  forests, 
wbich  he  resigned  in  I8O16,  and  was  re» 
appointed  in  1807.  He  next  was  ap- 
poinleda  eommissionei^  for  the  affairs 
of  India,  and  acted  for  some  time  as 
vice-president  of  the  Board  of  Trade. 
By  lady  Anne,  who  ia  deceased,  he  had 
one  eon,  who  distinguished  himself  by 
writing^' A  Comparison  between  the 
Ancient  and  Mbdem  Greeks,"  and  sat 
in  parliament  for  the  family  borough  of 
Banbury,  but  died  two  years  ago. 

Besides  an  account  of  the  Tokay  and 
ofltor  wines  of  Hungary,  in  the  Phik>so- 
phical  Thuisactions  for  1773,  he 
published  '*  Lyric  I\)ems,"  written  by 
the  late  James  Mercer,  esq.  who  had 
raarriod  his  sister,  to  which  a  life  of  the 
author  was  prefixed,  and  an  account  of 
hiftown  fiunily.  Lord  Glenbervie  also 
translated  the  first  canto  of  <'  Ricdar- 
detio,"  a  humorous  Italian  poem,  by 
Fortigaerri,  with  an  introduction  con- 
cerning the  principal  romantic,  bur- 
k^e,  Md  BM>di«berek  poets;  and  notes 


DEATHS. 


critical  and  philological.  This  work, 
was  published  only  in  the  last  year  of 
his  life.  '  ' 

3.  At  Newcastle-upon-Tyne^'Mrs.  B. 
Soott,  sister  to  the  lord  Chancellor,  and 
to  lord  Stowell. 

—  Suddenly,  although  after  some 
previous  indisposition,  Mr.  G.  Carr, 
prompter  of  Dmry-lane  theatre. 

4.  At  his  apartments.  Frith-street, 
Sobp,^m^jor  M.  Sutton,  of  the  late  97th, 
or  Queen^s  own  regiment,  an  officer  of 
distinguished  merit,  who,  after  many 
years  of  active  service,  in  the  West  In- 
dies, Mediterranean,  Egypt,  Portugal, 
&e.  was  afflicted  with  a  total  loss  of 
sight,  whilst  serving  under  the  duke  of 
Wellington. 

16.  At  Houghton-le-8keme,  in  the 
county  of  Durham,  hi  her  47th  year, 
Margaret,  widow  of  the  late  rev.  T. 
Le  Mesurier,  rector  of  that  place. 

16.  At  his  chambers,  in  the  Middle 
Temple,  in  his  73rd  year,W.  Lambe,  esq. 
formerlv  of  Pontefract,  in  the  coun^ 
of  York,  but  for  many  years  past  of 
Tilgate-house,  in  the  parish  of  Worth, 
Sussex,  an  acting  magistrate  for  that 
district,  and  a  bencher  of  the  hon.' 
sbciety  of  Gray's  Inn. 

—  At  Oxford,  aged  72,  the  rev. 
George  Thompson,  D.D.  principal  of 
£dmund-hall,  in  that  Umversity,  and 
Vicar  of  Bromlev  and  the  united 
parishes  of  Milford  and  Hordle,  Hants. 

20.  At  Doddington,  Gloucestershire, 
Anna  Maria,  fifth  daughter  of  sir 
Christopher,  and  lady  Bethel  Codring- 
ton. 

35.  In  grosvenor^lace,  Mrs.  Bayard, 
relict  of  the  late  mi^or-general  John 
Bayard,  and  daughter  of  the  late 
Andrew  Moffiitt,<  esq.  of  Cranbrook- 
ba(l,  fai  the  county  of  Essex. 

27.  Aged  75,  Mr.  Francis  Clater,  of 
East  Retford,  author  of  "Every  Man 
Ms  own  Farrier,»»  and  the  "Cattle 
Doctor." 

^.  At  Walton,  Warwickshire,  sir 
Charles  Mordaunt,  hart. 

Lately,  at  Lssswade-hill,  near  Edin- 
burgh, lady  Jane  Mair  Boyle,  daughter 
of  John,  late  earl  of  GU»gow. 

At  Dublin,  H.  D.  Villiers,  esq. 

At  Piercy-mount,  Sligo,  lady  Gethin, 
the  wife  of  sir  Pierey  Gethtn,  hart. 

At  Cavendish-row,  Dublin,  after  an 
illness  of  some  weeks,  the  venerable 
Dr.  Thomas  John  Troy,  Roman  Catholic 
afch'bishop  of  Dublin.  He  was  bom  in 
thatdty  in  1739;  appointed  bislrap  in 


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198      ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1923. 

DEATHS. 
December,  1776,  and  tnoslated  to  the  a  master  in  the  art  of  wreitlibig— 
archdiocese  of  Dublin,  in  1786.  His  an  exercise  to  which  he  was  partkir 
funeral,  which  toolc  place  on  the  14th  larly  attached.  He  was  of  a  low  sta* 
of  May,  was  a  public  one,  and  was  ture,  being  not  above  5  feet  5  inches 
attended  by  a  numerous  concourse  of  in  height,  with  a  large  chest,  well 
persons;  the  number  of  carriages  in  proportioned  limbs,  and  weighing  about 
the  prooesnon  amounted  to  130.  12  stone.  His  viooor  never  forsook  him 

till*  far  advanced  m  life ;  for  in  his  108th 
year  he  walked  to  and  from  Caiiisle 
(16  miles)  without  the  help  of  a  stai( 
to  see  the  workmen  Uy  the  foundatioB 
of  Eden  bridge.  In  the  same  year,  he 
actually  reaped  com,  made  bay,  worked 
at  hedging,  and  assisted  in  idl  the  br 
hours  of  3ie  field,  with  apparently  ss 
much  eneigy  as  the  stoutest  of  his  sons. 
As  might  be  expected,  his  education  was 
very  limited}  but  he  possessed  a  cons* 
derable  share  of  natural  sense,  with 
much  self-denial,  and  passed  a  life  of 
great  regularity  and  prudence,  without 
troubling  himself  by  much  thought  or 
reflection.  His  memory  was  very  teps- 
cious.  He  remembered  the  rebellioo 
in  1715,  when  he  was  ten  years  of  tpt 
and  witnessed  a  number  of  men  runmng 
away  from  the  danger.  In  the  second  re- 
bellion, in  the  year  1746,  he  was  employ- 
ed in  cutting  trenches  round  Carlisle ; 
but  fled  from  his  disagreeable  sitoatioD, 
as  soon  asan  opportunity  afforded  for  es- 
caping. He  did  not  marry  till  he  wss 
SO  years  of  age,  and  his  wife  lived  with 
him  53  years,  dying  in  1807,  afl^  ^^* 
In  1810  one  of  his  brothers  died  at  the 
age  of  99,  and  in  1818  a  cousin  died 
aged  95 ;  another  cousin  is  now  living; 
87yearsold.  He  has  left  six  sons,  the 
youngest  of  whom  is  50  years  of  sge, 
and  the  eldest  63;  his  grandchildren  sre 
20  in  number,  and  his  great  grandchild- 
ren only  11.  He  never  had  any  daugh- 
ters. About  the  year  1779,  he  lost  sll 
his  teeth,  but  no  mark  of  debili^  ap- 
peared about  his  person  before  181% 
when  he  took  to  his  bed,  and  never  wss 
able  to  use  his  limbs  afterwards.  Du- 
ring the  first  nine  years  of  his  ca^Sot' 
ment  his  Ivealth  and  spirits  continued 
good,  and  he  was  free  fVom  corporw 
pain;  but  for  the  last  twelve  nKJ^ 
his  intellects  became  rather  impaired* 
On  the  12th  of  June  he  was  seised  with 
illness,  which  in  fourteen  hours  put  a 
period  to  his  protracted  existence.  H^ 
grew  weaker  and  weaker  as  the  day  de- 
clined, but  experienced  no  sickness. 

—  At  his  seat,  Theobalds,  nesr 
Hatfield,  in  the  county  of  Herts,  in  his 
75th  year,  the  most  noble  the  mvf(^ 
of  Salisbury.    He^is  succeeded  by  bi* 


JUNE. 

1.  Msiry,  wife  of  Thos.  Walsingham 
Western,  esq.  of  Rivenhall-pUu«,  &atx, 
aunt  to  C.  C.  Western,  esq.  M.  P.  for 
that  county,  and  daughter  of  the  late 
admiral  Osboiiie. 

—  In  John-street,  America-square,  in 
his  66th  year,  Joseph  Hart  Myers,  M  J>. 

9.  In  Curaon-street,  May-fair,  gen. 
R.  Manners,  ool.  of  the  30th  regt.,  son 
of  the  late  lord  R.  Manners,  of  Blox- 
holm,  in  the  coimtyof  Lincoln,  M.P. 
in  several  sessions  for  Cambridge. 

10.  After  a  short  illness,  Sidney, 
third  son  of  Hen.  Streatfield,  esq.  of 
Cheddingstone,  Kent,  and  private  secre- 
tary to  the  right  hon.  Robert  Peel. 

13.  At  Southampton,  sir  James  lind, 
K.C.B.  captain  in  the  Royal  Navy. 

13.  At  Irthington,  near  Carlisle,  in 
his  118th  year,  Mr.  R.  Qowman.  He 
was  bom  at  Bridp^ewood  Foot,  a  hamlet 
about  two  miles  from  Irthington,  in  the 
month  of  October  1705,  in  the  house 
where  his  grandfiUher  had  resided,  and 
where  his  &ther  also  was  bom,  both  of 
whom  were  brought  up  to  husbandry. 
His  anoeston  were  Roman  Catholics, 
and  in  tlie  early  part  of  his  life  h^  pro- 
fessed that  religion ;  but,  many  years 
ago,  be  became  a  member  of  the  Church 
Qt  England.  Prom  early  youth,  he  had 
beei\  a  laborious  worker,  and  was  at  all 
times  healthy  and  strong.  During  the 
course  of  his  long  life  he  was  only  once 
intoxicated,  and  he  never  used  tea  or 
coffee;  his  principal  food  having  been 
bread,  potatoes,  has^-pudding,  broth, 
and  occasionally  a  little  flesh  meat  He 
scarcely  ever  tasted  ale  or  spirits,  his 
chief  beverage  being  water,  or  milk  and 
water  mixed ;  this  abstemiousness  arose 
partly  from  a  dislike  to  strong  liquors, 
out  more  from  a  saving  disposition. 
With  these  views  his  habits  of  industry 
and  disregard  of  personal  fatigue  were 
extraordinary ;  having  often  been  up 
for  two  or  three  nights  in  a  week,  par- 
ticularly when  bringing  home  coals  or 
lime.  In  his  younger  days  he  was  ra- 
ther robust,  and  was  consideired  to  be 


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APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE. 


idd 


DEATHS. 


9011  lord  Cranborne.  By  bis  death 
there  are  become  vacant,  a  blue  ribbon, 
of  the  order  of  the  Garter,  and  the  lord 
lieutenancy  of  the  county  of  Herts. 

14.  At  Twickenham,  Frances  Susan- 
nah, wife  of  lord  de  Dunstanville,  of 
Tehidy-park,  Cornwall. 

16.  At  VHiitehall^  aged  76,  lady  Le- 
mon, wife  of  sir  W.  Lemon,  bart. 

18.  In  South  Audley-street,  after  a 
long  illness,  Caroline  Georgina,  relict  Of 
the  late  col.  Evelyn  Anderson,  brother 
to  lord  Yarborough. 

—  In  Devonshire-street,  Portland- 
place,  William  Gordon,  esq.  of  Cambel- 
ton,  in  the  stewartry  of  Kircudbright. 

19.  At  his  lodgings,  in  Lambeth-road, 
aged  83,  Wm.  Coombe,  esq.  author  of 
the  Devil  on  Two  Sticks  in  England, 
Dr.  Syntaxes  Tour  in  Search  of  the 
Picturesque,  Johnny  Que  Genus,  and 
other  popular  productions. 

22,  Found  drowned  near  Westmin- 
tter^bridge,  Francb  Chichester,  esq.  of 
Trinity  College,  Oxford,  aged  21. 

23.  At  Lamas,  Norfolk,  in  the  77th 

Siar  oli  his  age,  Wm.  Lubbock,  esq. 
therof  sir  John  Wm.  Lubbock,  bart. 

26.  At  Kentish  Town,  Geo.  Jackson, 
esq.  in  the  76th  year  of  his  age—  the 
last,jexcept  one,  of  the  original  Direc- 
tors named  in  the  act  of  parliament  for 
timt  truly  great  national  work,  the 
Grand  Junction  Canal. 

30.  At  Eltfaam,  Kent,  John  Bowdler, 
esq.  in  the  78th  year  of  his  age. 

»-  At  his  house,  at  Stamford,  lin- 
colnshire,  Octavius  Graham  Gilchrist, 
esq.  Mr.  Gilchrist  was  originally  in- 
tended for  the  church,  and  with  that 
idew  was  entered  of  Magdalen  College, 
Oxford;  but  after  a  residence  of  two 
years  he  quitted  it  for  a  lucrative  busi- 
ness, which  Uras  left  him  by  his  nnde. 
He  was  the  author  of  several  interest- 
bg  publications ;  among  others  his  Vin- 
dications of  Ben  Jonson  and  of  Pbpe 
will  not  soon  be  forgotten. 

Lately  at  Dublin,  the  venerable  judge 
Fletcher.  He  was  elevated  to  the 
bench  in  1805,  by  the  duke  of  Bedford, 
then  lord  lieutenant  of  Ireland. 

At  Pisa,  lieut.-col.  James  Stopford. 

At  Calcutta,  the  hon.  Francis  Sem* 
pill,  youngest  son  of  the  right  hon.  lord 
Sempill. 

At  Calais,  Henry  Forster,  esq.  M.A. 
student  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford, 
Barrister-at-law,  commissionerof  Bank- 
rupts, and  nephew  to  the  eari  of  Eidon, 
•nd  lord  Slowell. 


July: 


1.  At  Shrewsbury,  after  a  short  ill- 
ness, admiral  Geo.  Bowen. 

2.  In  London,  mi^jor  Stewart,  son  o 
Alexander  Stewart,  esq.  of  Huntfield, 
Lanarkshire. 

—  In  Brook-street,  Chas.  Freeman, 
esq.  formerly  secretary  to  the  govern- 
ment at  Madras,  aged  68. 

—At  his  house  in  the  Kent  Road, 
aged  60,  Charles  Brewer,. esq.  late  of 
the  Royal  Navy  Asylum  at  Greenwich, 
and  formerly  secretary  to  admiral  sir 
Richard  King,  bart. 

6.  In  Jermyn-street,  major  gen>  the 
hon.  Arthur  St.  Leger. 

—  At  St.  Bernard's  Stockbridge,  near 
Edinburgh,  sir  Henry  Raebum,  first 
portrait  painter  to  the  King  in  ScotUnd 
(which  appointment  he  received  only 
a  few  days  before  his  death),  president 
of  the  academv  in  Edinburgh,  and 
member  of  that  in  London,  a  member  of 
the  Royal  Sodety  of  Edinburgh,  the  hvle 
Imperial  *Academy  of  Florence^  and  the 
Academy  of  New  York.  As  a  portrait 
painter,  he  was  second  oidy  to  sir  Tho- 
mas Lawrence.  His  full-length  pic- 
tures of  the  earl  «f  Hopetoun,  lord 
Frederick  Campbell,  sir  David  Halrd, 
and  many  more,  might  be  mentioned  as 
proofs  that  he  was  equally  remarkable 
fbr  correctness  of  drawing,  freedom  of 
penciling,  brilliancy  of  colouring,  and 
a  personification  of  character  not  less 
▼igorous  than  graceful.  He  possessed 
the  rare  fiienlty  of  producing  in  every 
instance  the  most  striking  and  agreeable 
likeness,  and  of  indicating  intellectual 
expression  and  dignity  of  demeanoui^ 
wherever  they  appeared  in  the  ori|inal ; 
often  approaching  in  his  pNortraits  to 
the  elevation  of  historical  painting.  In 
his  intercourse  with  the  young  candi- 
dates for  public  fiftvour,  he  was  uniform- 
ly kind,  communicative,  and  liberal ; 
and  on  all  occasions  had  the  candour  to 
bestow  just  pndse  on  rival  excellence. 
Sir  H.  Raebum  was  not  only  an  artist, 
but  a  patrob  of  the  arts,  and  his  gallery 
and  study  were  ever  open  to  the  youngs 
student.  In  sodety,  few  men  were 
more  acceptable  than  sir  Henry ;  for  he 
possessed  a  cheerful  disposition,  much 
good  sense,  and  an  inexhaustible  store 
of  anecdote.  In  his  domestic  relations, 
no  man  could  dispense  or  receive  m 
greater  degree  of  happiness. 

—  The  rev.  David  Wiiliams,  M.A. 


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200      ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1823. 


Principal  of  YsUadmeyric  College,  Oar- 
diganthirey  and  fermeriy  Fellow  of  Wad- 
ham  College,  Oxford. 

7*  In  Seymonr-street,  Bath,  John 
Warner,  esq.  formerly  of  Beaulieu, 
Hants,  aged  81. 

8.  At  Clough-hall,  in  the  county  of 
Stafford,  Wm.  Shepherd  Kinnersley, 
esq.  M.P. 

—  At  Otley,  suddenly,  Miss  Mary 
Ward.  She  had  been  so  terrified  by 
a  thunder  storm,  as  to  be  thrown  into 
strong  convulsion  fits,  which  defied  all 
aid,  and  terminated  in  her  death  the 
same  evening. 

9.  At  Exeter,  on  his  return  home* 
wards  from  India,  in  the  40th  year  of 
his  age,  miyor  Cbas.  Hall,  of  the  1 6th 
regt  of  Madras  Light  IniSuitry,  eldest 
son  of  David  HaU,esq.  of  Macclesfield, 

^  in  the  county  of  Chester. 

U.  At  his  Other's  house,  at  SUfkey, 
NQifi>llr>  ool.  Henry  Loftus,  of  the  Cold- 
stceam  Guards. 

—  At  Shrewsbury,  a  female  of  the 
name  of  Baxter,  having  attained  the 
age  of  104  vears. 

*-  At  Wain-Wem  Cottage,  near 
Pontypool,  Monmouthshire,  Robert 
Smith,  esq. 

15.  At  Bosworth-park,  Leicestenhire, 
Mrs.  Pochin,  relict  of  the  kte  col. 
Oeoige  Pochio,  of  BoumHa>bey,  Un- 
^Inttire,  and  eldest  daughter,  and 
•Ittmately  sole  heiress  of  mr  Wolstan 
Dixie,  hart,  of  Bosworth-padc. 

—  In  his  76th  year,  Mr.  Bent,  of 
I^temoster-row,  Bookseller. 

10-  At  Walihamstow-house,  Essex, 
Harriet,  daaghter  of  sir  Robt.Wigram, 

17.  In  Bermondsey*sUeet,  South- 
wark,  aged  67,  the  Abb^Auge  Denis 
Macquin,  fbrraeriy  Professor  of  Rheto- 
ric in  the  College  of  Meaux  en  Brie. 

18.  At  Ramsgate,  after  lingering 
three  years  in  a  decline.  Miles  James 
Beevor,  in  his  18th  year,  eldest  son  of 
colonel  Becvor,  of  the  Royal  ArtUlery. 

19.  At  Fleurs,  near  Kelso,  aged  85, 
James-Norclifife-Innes  Ker,  5th  duke 
and  earl  of  Roxbuivh,  nmrqufs  of  Beau- 
mont and  Ccssford,  earl  of  Kelso,  vis^ 
count  Broxmouth,  and  baron  Ker  of 
Cessfbrd  and  Caverton,  a  baronet,  and 
one  of  the  16  peers  for  Scotland.  He 
was  bom  1738 ;  married,  fint,  April  19, 
1769,  Mary,  sister  of  sir  Cecil  Wvay,  of 
Olentworth,  co.  I^ncoln,  hart  by  Fran- 
ces, daughter  of  FaiHkx  Norcliflfe,  of 
liiagstoo,  00.  York,  es^.  and  by  her 


DEATHS. 


(who  died  July  SO,  1807)  b»d  n^iasoc ; 
and  secondly,  July  28,  1807f  Harriet, 
daughter  of  late  lieqjamin  Charlewood, 
of  Windlesham,  esq.  and  by  her  bad  is- 
sue the  present  duke,  bom  July  I8l6, 
and  a  daughter,  bom  and  died  May  S6, 
1814.  His  original  name  was  Innes, 
and  he  derived  his  descent  from  Marga- 
ret Ker,  third  daughter  of  Harry  lord 
Ker,  who  married  sir  James  Innes,  of 
Innes,  hart,  by  Jane  daughter  of  James, 
6th  lord  Ross.  His  Grace  claimed  the 
title  of  duke,  &c.  and  on  11th  of  May, 
1812,  the  House  of  Lords  unanimously 
resolved  "  that  the  petitioner  sir  Jamei- 
Norclide-Iones  Ker,  bart.  had  made  oot 
his  claim  to  the  titles,  honours, and  dig- 
nities, &c.  as  stated  in  his^tition." 

He  succeeded  William,  7th  baron 
Bellenden,  and  4th  duke,  who  died  in 
1805  without  issue ;  and  who  succeeded 
John,  third  duke,  so  generally  known 
to  the  literanr  world  as  the  noblemsn 
whose  taste  for  old  books  led  to  tbe 
foundation  of  the  Club  which  bears  his 
name. 

His  remains  were  interred  in  the  as* 
cientfiimily  vault  at  Bowden. 

—  At  Bronwhylfii,  near  St.  Asapb, 
aged  22,  Louisa  Ann,  wife  of  lieut,-col. 
Browne,  K.C.B.  and  daughter  of  the 
rev.  Dr.  Gray,  Prebendary  of  Durham 
and  Chichester. 

24.  At  Crofton-haU,  Kent,  aged  83, 
general  Morgan,  formerly  of  the  Cold- 
stream Guards. 

.  —  At  the  house  of  lord  Beresford, 
Wimpole-street,  m^jor-gen.  sir  Denis 
Ptek,  K.C.B.  C.T.S,  &c  colonel  of  the 
84th  Foot,  and  lieuL-govemor  of  Ply* 
ipouth. 

—  The  right  hop.  John  James,  earl 
of  Famham,  ooe  of  the  repnosentative 
peers  for  Irdand,  governor  of  the  coun- 
ty of  Cavan,  6cc.  &c.  His  lordship  is 
succeeded  in  his  tjQe,  and  the  bulk  of 
his  estates,  by  his  cousin,  colonel  Barryt 
representative  for  tliatcounty.  He  wss 
bom  in  1760,  and  succeeded  his  iatber 
in  1600. 

.  —  AS  Stanmore,  lady  Mary  Fhicb, 
sister  to  tbe  earl  of  Aylesford. 

26.  Aged  71,  Mrs.  Cofl^,  relict  of  the 
late  Walter  Coffin,  esq.  and  niece  of  the 
celebrated  Dr.  Price. 

—  At  Park-ball,  near  Mansfield,  aged 
53,  m^oivgen.  Hall,  late  lieut,-^!*  ^ 
the  23rd,  or  Royal  Welsh  Fusileeif.      . 

27.  At  MeUord-house,  the  lady  w 
QMJor  Plunkett,  of  Kinneird,  ia  thn 
county  of  Roscommon^  Irekmdi  <wy 
child  of  the  late  gen.  Gunning. 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.         ?0l 

DEATHS. 


,  90.  At  the  White-lodge,  Rldimond- 
park,  in  his  37th  year,  the  bon.  Henry 
Addington,  eldest  son  of  lord  viscount 
Sidmouth. 

31*  At  Hereford  Cathedral,  the  rev. 
Mr.  Hopkins,  curate  of  Byford,  in  that 
coanty,  who  expired  during  the  cere- 
mony of  his  marriage  while  aboat  to 
put  the  ring  on  his  bride's  finger.  He 
was  70  years  of  age. 


AUGUST. 

1.  At  Dacre-lodge,  Middlesex,  the 
right  hon.  lord  Napier,  of  Merchistonn, 
North  Britain,  lord  lieutenant  of  the 
c^fonty  of  Selkirk,  and  one  of  the  six- 
teen representatiye  peers  of  Scotland. 

3.  At  Winchester,  the  boo.  Charles 
Frederick  Powlett,  k>rd  Bayning. 

5.  At  Bath,  lady  PKlliser,  relict  of 
the  late,  and  mother  of  the  present, 
sir  Hugh  Mliser,  bart. 

8.  At  his  house,  Yoric-street,  Dublin^ 
in  his  84th  year,  the  rev.  Bdw.  Led- 
wich,  LL.D.  F.S.A.  of  London  and  Soot- 
land,  and  member  of  most  of  the  dis- 
tinguished litenuy  societies  of  Europe; 
a  learned  aud  industrious  Antiquary 
and  Topographer.  He  was  a  native  oi 
Ireland )  mA  ieUow  of  Trkuty  College^ 
Dublin,  vicar  of  Aghaboe  in  Queen'a 
oounty,and  secretary  to  the  Committee  of 
Antiquaries  of  the  Boyal  Irish  Acade- 
my, la  17^  Mr.  Goughackaowledged 
his  obligation^  to  Mr*  Ledwiofa  and 
other  curions  geatleoien  of  Ireland^ 
"for  vi  exoelleat  eomprehevsive  View 
of  tht  govenunent  of  tliat  kingdom^ 
from  the  earliest  times  |o  the  latest 
£evdtttkm  in  it,"  uvsertcd  in  his  valua- 
ble edition  oC  Camden's  Britannia.       > 

In  1790  this  learned  and  eJegam  Att-> 
tiquary  published  a  most  valuable  vo- 
hinie  intituled  ''Antiquities  of  Iceland" 
containinga  large  I'oDection  of  entertain- 
ing and  instructive  essays  on.the  remotez: 
antiquities  of  that  Island.  Fdr  having 
called  in  question  the  legendary  history 
^St.  Patrick,  which  he  invalidated  as  a 
ik;tioaiaveBt0d  Jkmg  after  the  time  when* 
•  that  saint  ia<said  to  have  lived,  beeidet 
eritieallvt  esamining  the  several  work* 
ascribed  to  him,  and  other  tales  of  the 
daric  ages,  he  was  attacked  by  som^ 
Antiqotu^es  of-  the  Roman  CathoUc  per-t 
suftnon,  wbo  allowed  their  bigoted  at-. 
tschoMmt  to  their  religion  to  supersede* 
what  had  been  obtaine4  by  inde&tigabla 
research. 


When  AHpt.  Orose  went  to  Duhlio 
for  the  purpose*  of  completing  bis  de- 
sign, '*U}  illustrate  the  Antiquities  of 
England,  Wale6,.ScQtlaiid,,and  IreUnd," 
he  formed  an  acquaintance  with  this 
gentleman,  urged  by  the  above-^nen- 
tioned  specimen  of  fajs  consanguinity 
in  authorship.  Upon  bis  death,  which 
sliortly  followed,  Mr.  Lcdwich,  at  the 
request  of  the  publisher,  became  the 
editor  of  "  Th(^  Antiquities  of  lie- 
land/'  in  two  volupnes,  4to. ;  and  with 
great  liberality  and  the  utmost  success, 
engaged  ii^  the  design  of  completing 
what  his  predecessor  had  begun,  but 
did  not  live  to  carrv  it  on  to  any  consi- 
derable extent  The  fii^t  volume  of 
this  valuable  work  came  out  in  1794, 
and  the  second  in  1796. 

In  the  same.year  in  which  the  second 
volume  of  the  above  national  work  waa 
published,  he  produced  a  judicious,  ia- 
fibrming,  and  interesting  i^oiky  in  imi* 
tation  of  the  Scotch  Clergy,  who,  under 
the  eacouragevnept  of  sir  John  Sinclair^ 
conducted  their  statistioal  inquiries  with 
such  success  in  theic  own  country.  It 
was  intituled  "  A  Statistical' Afioount  of 
the  parish  of/ ^hfho^,  in  the.  Queen'a 
<:ounty,"  1796,  Svo. 

Besides  the  above  woi^,  he  contri- 
buted to  the  volmnes  of  the  Archoolo- 
gia,  a  <<  Dissefta^n  on  the  Religion  of 
the  Druids,"  in^^rted  in  vo^«  VII.  p* 
303,  and  "  Observations  on  oiu*  own  an- 
cient Churches,"  vol.  VIII.  p.  165. 

Mr.  Ledwich  was  a  member. of  a  little 
society  for  investiga^qg  the  antiquitiea 
of  Ireland,  at  the  haad  of  whic^  waa 
the  right  hou.  Wm«  B.  Con^gbarai* 
Teller  of  the  Exchequer  at  Pubya ; 
but  which  was  dii^lyed,  it  is  said,  in 
eonsequenceoftheiref  pleasantry,  with 
which  Mr.  I^dwtch  tr^Oed  certaaa  re* 
veries  oii^culated  among  them>  a«d  occa- 
sionally alluded  to  iw  his  Antiquities  of  ' 
Irekmd. 

9.  In  Old  Burlingtonrsti^t,  after  a 
long  indisposition,^  the  vvost  nohla 
aiarquis  Cornwallis.  He  siicoeeded  his 
lather  in  180^.  On  the.  18th,  bia 
remains  were  removed,  for- interment  in 
tbe  family  vault,  to.CuIford-haU»  near 
Bury.  The  title  daseendp  to  his  unele^ 
the  bishop  of  Lichfield  and.Cqyentry. 

.  -^  At  D^ewwhouse-plaoek  V  Qbalfont, 
St.  Giles,  BiKks,  the  lady. of  sic  Cod- 
drington  Edmund  Carring:tan.  - 

10.  In  Devonshire-place,  Esther,  tha 
Wife  of  the  rev.  Fras.  North,  Prebend- 
ary of  Winchester. 


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a02      ANNUAL 


REGISTER,    1823. 

DBaTHS. 
1 1.  At  Brompton,  lieat.»co\.  Brookes     which,  as  a  descriptive  Pofm,  possesses 

"" original  genius  and  a  happy  &cilitv  In 

composition.     Robert   married  about 
this  time,  and  entered  into  trade, 


Lawrence,  late  of  the  13th  light  drag< 

13.  At  her  house,  in  Regent-street, 
lady  Wilson,  wife  of  sir  Robert 
Wilson,  M.P. 

19.  At  the  house  of  the  rev.  J.  Brad- 
shaw,  with  whom  he  had  just  returned 
in  a  pg  from  Homsey,  and  after 
partakmg  of  a  hearty  dinner,  the  rev. 
Charles  Rushworth,  senior,  B.D.  fellow 
and  steward  of  St.  John's-coUege, 
Cambridge,  aged  45. 

—  At  Shem>rd,  in  Bedfordshire,  in 
his  57th  year,  Robert  Bloomfield, 
author  of  the  "Parmer's  Boy,'*&c.  &c 
His  constitution,  naturally  weak,  had 
of  late  yean  become  alarmingly  im- 
paired; every  fresh  attack  left  him 
still  weaker;  the  hist,  it  was  f^red, 
bad  he  survived,  would  have  fixed  him 
in  a  state  of  mental  aberration,  to 
which  he  himself  and  his  dearest  friends 
must  have  preferred  his  death.  Ro- 
bert Bloomfield  was  bom  in  1766,  in 
the  county  of  Suffolk.  He  was  one  of 
six  children  of  a  tailor  in  middling  cir- 
cumstances, who  was  not  enabled  to 
give  him  more  than  a  common  education^ 
ror  the  acquirement  of  which  he  was 
indebted  to  his  mother,  who  kept  a 
school,  and  gave  hfan  all  the  instructioa 
which  she  was  enabled  to  bestow.  He 
learnt  to  read  as  soon  as  he  could 
speak,  and  his  mother,  having  lost  her 
husband,  remarried  when  Bloomfield 
was  not  more  than  sevten  years  old .  At 
the  age  of  eleven,  he  was  obliged  to 
accept  tiie  menial  office  of  a  Sinner's 
boy,  to  attend  the  workmen  in  the 
field.  In  the  intervals  of  his  labours, 
that  native  genius,  which  sooner  or 
later  bursts  the  bonds  of  slavery,  led 
bim  to  penise  such  books  as  came 
within  his  reach,  and  whatever  news- 
,  papers  he  could  obtain :  even  at  that 
'  early  age  he  wrote  a  small  poem,  which 
be  sent  for  insertion  to  the  editor  of 
the  London  Magaaine,  and  had  the 
pleasure    of    seeing    in    print.     He 


Hia 

poem  fell  into  the  hands  of  Mr.  Lofft, 
who  revised  it,  and  prepared  it  for  the 
press,  bestowed  on  the  author  his  pro- 
tection, printed  it  at  his  own  expense, 
and  wrote  the  preface.  On  its  first  ap- 
pearance it  was  highly  approved  of,  and 
passed  through  many  editions  in  a  very 
short  time;  it  fully  established  the 
daim  of  the  author  to  the  title  of  Poet, 
and  stamped  his  nattie  with  the  honour 
of  genius.  Of  all  Bloomfield's  published 
works,  no  volume  has  alone  so  much 
interest  as  his  "  Wild  Flowers,"  which 
was  dedicated  to  his  only  son,  Charies, 
"  Tliere  can  be  no  harm  in  telling  the 
worid/'  observes  the  poet  in  his  Dedi- 
cation, '<that  I  hope  these  <Wild 
flowen'  wiU  be  productive  of  sweets  of 
the  worldly  kind  ;  for  your  unfortunate 
lameness,  should  it  never  be  removed, 
may  preclude  you  from  the  means  of 
procuring  comforts  and  advantages 
which  might  otherwise  have  fidlen  to 
your  share.  What  a  blessing,  what  an 
unspeakable  satisfiiction,  would  it  be  to 
know,  that  the  '  BaUads,'  the  <  Plough- 
man's Stories,'  and  the  'Broken  Cratch' 
cyf  your  &ther,  would  eventually  ^nrntri- 
bute  to  lighten  your  steps  in  manhood  ; 
and  make  your  own  crutch,  through' 
life,  rather  a  memorial  of  affection  than 
an  object  of  sorrow ! "  The  Poet's  last 
production  is  intituled  ^'Hazlewood 
Hall,"  a  Village  Drama,  in  Three  Acts ; 
and  the  Prefiuse  is  dated  from  the  place 
cyf  his  dissolution,  so  recently  as  the 
ISth  of  April  preceding. 

30.  M.  Brockhaus,  of  Leipsic,  Editor 
of  a  vast  number  of  literary  works, 
and  one  of  the  most  active,  intel- 
ligent, and  estimable  of  the  German 
booksellers.  M.  Brockhaus  was  bom 
in  Westphalia:  a  lover  of  books, 
and  though  originally  in  another 
business  in  Holland,  he  gave  it  up  to 


next  turned    his  attention  to  poetry     open  a  house  at  Amsterdam  under  the 
during  the  hours  of  relaxation  from     title   of  the  "  Ccmpioir  d'JndyHrie.'* 

This  was  about  the  time  that  Holland 
lost  her  maritime  power,  inconsequence 
of  her  union  with  France  and '  the* 
continental  blockade.  His  first  attempts 
were  unsuccessful.  The  difficulty  of 
the  crisis  forced  him  to  stop  payment; 
but  when  afterwards  he  became  suc- 
cessful, he  paid  all  his  debts  with  interest. 
He  next  went  to.Altenberg  in  Saxony, 
when  Germany  was  in  a  situation  not 


toil,  and  composed  many  pieces,  even 
in  the  midst  oi  his  occupation ;  he  had 
also  a  taste  for  music,  playing  very 
decently  on  the  violin ;  bis  imagination, 
however,  was  heated  with  the  de- 
scriptions which  he  had  read  in  the 
Poets  of  celebrity,  particularly  Thom- 
son ;  and,  disengaged  from  the  bustle 
and  care  of  a  city,  he  planned  and 
executed  his  "  Farmer's  Boy,"  a  woric. 


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APPENDIX  TO   CHR0NIC3LE, 


203 


fnHcb  better  Umui  HoUmi4  ;  but,  know- 
ing the  eountry,  he  made  some  success- 
ful speculations.  He  published  the 
"Dictionary  of  Conversation/'  which 
was  the  foundation  of .  his  fortunes. 
There  existed  before  a  small  Encydo- 
pmlia  under  that  name.  Brockhaus 
remodelled  it  and  increased  it  to  ten 
volumes,  including  in  it  every  thing  of 
interest,  such  as  the  history  of  the 
times,  biography,  and  choice  pieces  of 
literature.  Itwent  through  five  editions^ 
in  ten  or  twelve  years  50,000  copies 
were  sold, — a  success  without  example 
in  the  annals  of  German  Dibliopolists. 
After  the  peace  of  1814  he  prqjected 
and  established  a  work  after  the  plan  of 
the  "  Public  Characters"  in  England, 
containing  an  account  of  the  celebrat- 
ed men  of  the  day,  of  which  thirty- 
six  parts  anpearea.  Brockhaus  also 
published  tne  Hermes,  a  quarterlv 
work  on  the  plan  of  the  Edinburgh 
Review,  which  ranked  high,  and  to 
which  men  of  the  first  talents  in  Ger- 
many contributed.  In  1817  and  1818, 
be  determined  to  establish  a  daily 
journal,  and  came  to  Furis  in  1819  to 
acquire  a  knowledge  of  the  best  mode 
of  conducting  it.  On  his  return  home« 
he  bought  the  literary  paper  established 
by  Kotzebue,  and  proposed  to  speak,  in 
conducting  iL  the  Umguage  of  truth, 
and  to  defend  intrepimy  the  rights  fk 
humanity.  But  already  the  eflorts  of 
the  Holy  Alliance  were  exerted  to 
crush  any  thing  resembling  freedom  of 
thought  or  expression,  and  even  when 
he  removed  to  Leipsic,  a  rigorous  cen* 
sorship  was  exercised  over  him.  He 
next  thought,  that  the  governments, 
which  watched  with  so  much  vigi- 
lance over  the  press,  might  per- 
chance protect  the  property  of  the 
booksellers  against  the  piracy  exer- 
cised in  the  estates  of  the  German 
confederation,  and  he  published  a 
memorial  on  the  subject ;  but  in  vain. 
His  other  literary  enterprises  are  too 
numerous  to  particularise.  From  1815 
to  the  present  year,  his  house  at  Leipsic 
furnished  the  greater  number  of  new 
and  interesting  works  which  appeared ; 
and  many  men  of  talent  found  they 
could  exercise  their  pens,  give  vent  to 
their  thoughts,  and  even  secure  an 
honourable  existence  by  alliance  with 
Brockhaus.  He  stimulated  the  self- 
love  and  zeal  of  litemry  men,  and  often 
suggested  new  ideas  for  original  works. 
He  was   suAciently   conversant   with 


DEATHS. 


literature  himself  to  judge  of  the  merit* 
of  his  editors,  and  even  to  co-operate 
himself  in  the  enterprises  he  planned. 
Thus,  though  directing  a  bookselling 
establishment  of  vast  extent,  and  corre^ 
ponding  with  literary  men  all  over  the 
world,  he  still  found  time  to  work 
himself  on  his  Encyclopiedia  and  his 
daily  journal.  Sec,  One  cause  of  his 
success  was  his  constant  publication  of 
the  literature  of  the  day  in  England 
and  France,  in  all  their  novelty.  The 
death  of  so  indefatigable  a  man  was  & 
great  loss  to  Germany ;  and  though  his 
works  are  p^roposed  to  be  ccmtinued,  so 
independent  a  bookseller,  one  who 
never  trembled  at  the  frown  of  pow^ , 
will  not  be  soon  replaced  by  another 
equally  estimable  in  the  view  of  hie 
fellow-citizens. 

21.  At  Broomham,  Sussex,  in  his 
8£t^  year,  sir  Wm.  Ashbumham,  hart. 

32.  At  Stratton,  near  Circencester, 
ihe  rev.  Thos.  Boys,  D.  D.  late  fellow 
of  New  College,  Oxford,  and  rector  of 
Radclifie-cum-Chagmore,  Bucks,  in  the 
gift  of  the  wardens  of  that  college. 

—  At  Gedling,  near  Nottingham,  the 
rev.  Wm.  Smelt,  A.  M.  rector  of  thai 
valuable  livmg.  He  married  the  sister 
of  the  Ute  eari  of  Chesterfield. 

23.  At  his  house,  in  Upper  Brook- 
street,  majoT  Sneyd. 

27.  At  Fbris,  the  right  l)pn.  John 
Hope,  earl  of  Hopetoun,  viscount 
Airthrie,  lord  Hope  (lord  Hopetoun, 
1809,  and  lord  Niddxy,  1814,  British 
titles),  lord  lieutenant  of  Linlithgow- 
shire, knight  grand  cross  of  the  order 
of  the  BiUh,  a  general  in  the  armv, 
colonel  of  the  42nd  foot  (Royal  High- 
landers), governor  of  the  nm  bank  of 
Scotland,  captahi-general  ot  the  royal 
company  of  archers,  &c  &c.  His  lord- 
ship  succeeded  James  the  last  earl,  his 
half-brother,  in  1816,  and  was  the  only* 
son  of  John  earl  of  Hopetoun,  by  his 
second  marriage  with  Jane,  daughter 
of  Robert  Oliphant,  of  Rossie,  esq.  and 
was  bom  on  the  17 th  of  August  1765. 
He  noarried,  first,  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  the  hon.  Charles  Hope  Weir,  of 
Craigiehall,  in  1798,  who  died  in  1801, 
without  issue.  He  married,  secondly, 
Louisa  Dorothea,  third  daughter  of  sir 
John  Wedderbum,  of  Ballendean,  bart. 
by  whom  he  has  left  JohUx  now  earl  of 
Hopetoun,  bom  Nov.  15,  1803,  eight 
other  sons,  and  two  daughters.  His 
lordship  entered,  when  young,  into.the 
army,  in  which  he  senred  vith  great 


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204     ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1823. 


bimfefir  and  dMoctioQ.    He  wm  ap- 
poioted  ad|iataiit-g«iieiml  to  tbe  forces 
serpfng  under  sir  Ralph  Abercrombjr 
ill  the  Leeward  Islands,  in  1794 ;  aad 
had  Ibe    rank   of  brigadier  -  general 
in   tbe  West   Indies,  where    be    was 
aedyely  employed  in  the  campaigns  of 
1794,  5,  6,  and  7,  being  particularly 
noticed  in  general  orders,  and  in  tbe 
pQbKc  despi^dies  of  tbe  oomnumder-in- 
chief,  particularly,  as  having  "  on  all 
oesasioBs  most  willingly  ootme  forward 
and  exerted  himself  in  times  of  danger, 
to  which  he  was  not  called  from  bis 
situation  of  adjutant-general.''    He  ac- 
companied the  British  troops  into  Hbl- 
laad  in  August,   1799^  as  deputy  ad- 
jotant-general,    bat    was   so  severely 
wiounded  at  the  landing  at  the  Helder, 
on  tbe  97th  of  that  month,  that  he  was 
oMBpeUed  to  come  home.    On  bis  re- 
covery he  was  appointed  adjuUuit-ge* 
neial  to  Uie  army  serving  under  bis 
royal  highness  tbe  duke  or  York,  Oct.* 
ifiS   1799.    In  1890,   he  accompanied 
sir  Ralph  Abercromby  as  adjutant-ge- 
neral on  the  expedition  to  Egypt,  and 
at  the  battle  of  Alexandria,  March  2i, 
1801,  be  was  wounded  in  tbe  hand,  and 
tbe  army  was  thus  for  a  time  ^  deprived 
of  the  service  of  a  roost  active,  zealous, 
and  judicimis  ofiicer."    He  afterwards 
accompanied  the  British  army  to  Spain 
aad  IV>rtogal  in  1808.    At  the  battle  of 
Conmna,  January  16,  1809,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  woimds  of  sir  John  Moore 
and  sir  David  Baird,  the  command  de-- 
volyed  on  his  lordship  (then  lieutenant- 
general  hon.  John  Hope),   "  to  whose' 
abilities  and  exertions,"  said  the  de- 
spatcbes, "  in  tbe  direotk>n  of  the  ardent 
seal  and  unconquerable  valour  of  his 
raa)e9ty'8  troops,  is  to  be  attributed, 
under  Providence,  the  success  of  the 
day,  which  terminated  in  the  complete 
and  entire  repulse  and  defeat  c/the 
enemy  at  every  point  of  attack.''    On 
tbe  86th  of  April  1809,  he  was  invested 
with  the  order  of  the  bath,  and  was 
aflerwa^    appointed    commander-in- 
ebief  in  Ireland,  where  he  remained  a 
considerable  time.    When  he  left  Ire- 
laad,  he  again  joined  the  duke  of  Wel- 
lington in  tbe  Peninsula;  and  on  the 
I4ih  of  April,  1814,  in  a  sortie  made 
by  the  garrison  of  Bayonne,    he  was 
very  severely  wounded,  and  was  taken 
prisoner  by  his  horse  falling  with  hira, 
whioh  made  him  a  cripple  for  a  long 
time.    This  was  his  last  service,  as  the 
wbr terminated  next  year.    As  a  soldier, 


DEATHS. 


he  was  cool,  determined,  aad^bme; 
and  bis  conductas  a  Doblenum,  landlord, 
and  friend,  was  such  as  became  his 
high  station.  By  bis  numerous  fiuailj 
and  relatives  his  loss  is  much  lamented; 
and  few  of  his  rank  bave^died  who  have 
be<n  more  sincerely  regretted  by  all 
classes  of-  tbe  public. 

Lately  after  a  lingering  illness,  at 
Barrogill  Castle,  near  Thur8o>  ia  ha 
57th  year,  the  right  bon.  James  Sinclair 
earl  of  Caithness,  lord  lieutenant  of 
that  coiroty,  aad  post  master  genersl 
for  Scotland^  He  is  succeeded  in  hit 
titles  and  estates  by  bis  eldest  son 
Alexander,  who  in  1813  married  Fhmees, 
the  daughter  of  tbe  bile  dean  of  Here- 
ford, by  whom  be  has  a  son,  James, 
lord  Beniedale,  bom  1832. 

At  Lochwinnoch,  Thomas  R^,  la- 
bourer, the  original  of  Borns^  cele- 
breted  Tam  O'Sbanter ;  be  was  born  in 
October,  1745,  and  b»d  been  for  some 
time  past  in  the  service  of  major  Hervey, 
of  Castle  Semplc. 

At  Londonderry,  aged  76,  the  right 
rev.  Charics  O'Donnell,  D.D.  Roman 
Catholic  bishop  of  the  dmeese  of  Oerry. 
During  the  thirty  years  that  he  exer- 
cised his  prelatical  functions,  be  ei^joyed 
the  esteem  of  all  parties. 

At  Glasnevin,  near  Dublin,  in  her 
48th  year,  tbe  right  bon.  viscoontes 
Mountmorris. 

At  Tivoli,  by  falling  into  the  cascade, 
while  looking  down  upon  it,  Robert, 
eldest  son  of  Robert  Brown,  ecq.  of 
Clapham  Common,  and  of  tbe  firm  of 
Robert  and  Benjamin  Brown  and  co. 
Cheapside. 

At  Florence,  John  King,  esq.  husband 
of  the  countess  of  Lanesborougb. 

SEPTEMBER. 

1.  In  consequence  of  bemg  thrown 
out  of  a  gig  the  same  day,  whil^  return- 
ing with  a  party  from  Hampton-oooit, 
capt  Mildniay,  brother  to  sir  H.  Mild- 
may,  bart. 

2.  The  rev.  T.  Winstanlcy,  D.  D. 
principal  of  St.  AlbanVhall,  Oxford, 
Camden  Professor  of  Ancient  Histoi^, 
and  Laudean  Professor  of  Arabic,  id 
that  University,  and  prebendary  of  St 
Riul's  Cathedral,  London. 

—  At  Asbton,  Warwickshire,  in  bis 
80th  year,  the  rev.  B.  Spencer,  L  LJ). 
for  fifty-two  years  vicar  of  the  above 
parish,  and  rector  of  HatU>n,  Lincobi- 
shire^  and  more  than  forty  years  an* 


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APPENDIX  TO   CHRDNICLE: 


aos 


deaths; 


•ctive  magflrtnite  for  thfc  dbubties  of 
Wanriek  aiH}  Stafford. 
.  4.  In  his  83rd  year,  the  rev.  J.  Cmf* 
]ey,  of  Low^balJ,  Brompton,  ^cai*  and 
rector  of  TerriDgtDii,near  Castle  Howard; 
and  &ther  of  John  Cayley^  esq. 

6,  At  Oloacester,  aged  80)  the  rev« 
B.  RaikeS)  treasurer  and  canon  of  St 
David%  prebendary  of  Hereford,  and 
perpeCua]  curate  of  Maraemore,  in  the 
eounty  of  Glofioester. 

9,  At  hdr  bonse  in  Finsbury-placej 
Mrs.  De  Beniale9>  mfe  of  J.  .C.  De 
Bemales,  esq. 

—  At  Mtddleton  Cheyney,  nearBan^ 
bory,  a^red  38,  the  rev.  E.  Ellis,  M.  A. 
Ticar  of'  Chfppenfaankf  Wilts,  formerly 
stiident  at  Christ  Church,  Oxford;  and 
fyt  some  time*  second  master  at  West-* 
minster  fidiool. 

—  At  Kensington,  the  cheralier  Hip- 
pdylo  Da  Costa,  lately  charge  d'afbired 
m  this  coontry,  of  the  new  Brazitiail 
go^enunent,  and  proprietor  of  the 
Correio  Biaziliense,  a  Portuguese  jour* 
aal,  printed  in  Ldndon,  but  lately  dis- 
continncfd. 

11.  At  Gatcomb  Faric,  Gloucester* 
•hire,  David  Ricardo,  M.  P.  for  Port- 
srlnifton,  of  an  inflammation  of  th^ 
'bi^n.  He  was  a  man  of  distinguished 
abilities ;  and  in  the  House  m  Com** 
BOOBS,  his  opinions  were  received  wit& 
the  most  respectfol  attention,  as  well 
from  the  general  dpinion  of  his  profound 
knowledge  of  ooinroerce,  a^  from  hiB 
^■ueWe  disposition  and  eonciliating 
■Eiatinefs.  The  history  of  Mr.  RicardO 
b«lds  out  a  bright  and  inspiring  example^ 
lit.  Ricardo  had  every  thing  to  do  for 
himself:  ahd  he  did  every  thing.  He 
.bad his  fortune  to  make,  be  had  his 
BBiad  to  foTtii,  he  had  even  his  educa« 
ti^  to  comihence  and  to  conduct  In  a 
0eTd«f  the  most  intense  competition, 
he  realiied  a  Urge  fortiirl^,  #ith  the 
vtti^ra!  esteem  and  affection  of  those 
who  could  best  judge  of  the  honour  and 
purity  of  his  acts.  Amid  this  scene  of 
sictive  exertioh  and  practical  detail,  he 
cultivated  and  acquired  habits  of  intense 
and  patient  and  comprehensive  thinking, 
sidi  lis  have  been  rarely  equalled,  and 
Bev^r  iexeelled.  A  new  field  of  exertion 
vatf  opened  to  him  in  the  House  of 
Codimohs;  and  when  one  reflects  on 
what  he  had  done,  and  what  he  was 
capable  of  doihg,  to  acoelemte  the  pro- 
gress of  enlightened  leiorislatlon,  it  Is 
mflScult  td  point'oot  another  life  ^e  loss 
if  wU£di  cduld  bt  regarded  as  such  an 


e^l  %9  bis  country.  ili«  kitowir  iMr 
signal  a  change  has  takan  |^ce  in  th/b 
cone  f>f  the  Jloase  of  Commonsv'oii  snb^ 
jects  of  poetical  ectoam]r,  daring  his 
short  parliamentary  career}  ftnd-U^ugk 
he  had  the  advantsfge  tof  A  miiiiitry> 
aome  of  whom  were  suffieKntlyenligh^ 
ened  to  be  warm  in  the  aaidr  1>ehdfloent 
course,  yet  they  will  not  be  toibngr  the 
most  backward  to  lUknowledge,  how 
much  hlstthn  and  deiir  cxiMtioncf 
principles,  his  acute  detediom  of  ao» 
phistry,  and  unwearied  industry,  con- 
tributed to  the  great  result.  Mr.Rlcti^o 
had  not  completed  bis  fifty-^izth  yett. 
His  constitution^  though  ntft  robtnt^  Ifas 
sound,  and  his  health  suofa  as  to'ptooliAe 
a  long  life  of  utefdlness^  THe  w» 
actively  engaged,  at  the  petieQ  whea 
hisknortal  disease  attacked  hiBif  in  ftlbt 
most  elabomte  investigations  i  and  had 
neoriy  completed  an  essayon  the  piopar 
constitution  of  a  national  bank.  As 
a  political  economist  none  of  hjk  eo* 
temporaries  came  near  him.  After 
eveiy  alldwance  has  beennhade  for 
its  deficiencies  iii  style  Md  ArraiMi^ 
ment,  it  is  still  certain  that  the  <*  Prt»> 
ciples  of  Political  Boonomfy  And  TW- 
ation"  is  one  of  the  most  oHg^fnalj  pr<W 
found,  and  truly  valuable  fAiloiophieCd 
works,  that  have  appeared  sinei  tiba 
publication  of  the  «  Wealth  of  Nations.*' 
—  At  Bill-hill,  near  Wokingham, 
Berks,  aged  51,  Catherine,  Wife  of  Johft 
Jame^  Cholmondeley,  esq. 

13.  At  his  house,  ^Tunbridge  Welh^ 
in  his  77tfa  year,  after  a  hmg  illness,  W; 
Lushington,  esq.  formerly  onapdf  the 
representatives  for  the  city  of  London.  - 

14.  At  Cobham-lodge,  general  Budc^ 
l^y,  governor  of  Pendennis  Castle;;  ' 

S2.  At  Barham-lodge,,  Herts,  ned 
S3,  Louisa,  youiigest  daughter  of  the  late 
lord  Primate  of  Ireland. 

23.  At  his  seat^  Duntisbom,'  near 
Cirencester,  Afatthew  •  BalIHe,  M.  D. 
This  gentleman  was  a  nativoof  ficob- 
land,  and  son  of  a  professor  of  divinity 
at  Glasgow.  After  having  received  the 
rudiments  of  education  at  Glasgow,' he 
was  sent  to  London,  under  the  care  of 
his  two  maternal  uncles,  the  late  Dr'. 
William  and  Mr.  John  Hunter.  Undef 
these  he  acquired  an  extensive  and  com- 
plete knowledge  of  the  profession  ha 
intended  to  pursue.  He  was  sent  early 
to  Oxford,  Where  be  took  his  degrees ; 
and  was  admitted  to  tfatft  of  Af.D.  in 
U89.  Repairing  to  London,  he  ma 
made  a  member  of  the  0>llfege  fif  Phy^ 


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206      ANNUAL  REGISTER, 

DEATHS. 


1823. 


tidtiis  About  tht  same  period  as  Dr. 
Vkughan  (noir  sir  Henrj  Halford). 
Thete  two  gentlemen  soon  came  into 
great  practice,  and  perliaps  there  is  no 
Instance  of  two  men  in  the  medical  pro- 
fession rising  so  yonng  to  so  great  an 
eminence.  To  Dr.  Bidllie  the  medical 
world  is  indebted  for  a  woric  of  great 
merit,  intitoled  *<  The  Mori>id  Anatomv 
of  the  Human  Body,"  1793;  to  which 
be  added  an  Appendix  in  1798 ;  and 
which  reached  the  fourth  edition  in 
1807.  In  1799  he  published  "  a  Series 
of  Engravings  to  illustrate  the  Morbid 
Anatomy,''  which  reached  a  second 
edition  in  1818.  He  likewise  pub- 
lished *'  Anatomical  Description  of  the 
Gravid  Uterus.''  These  works,  and 
the  high  character  he  bore  in  his  profes- 
eion,  brought  him  into  great  practice, 
sod  enabled  him  to  accumulate  a  good 
fntoae. — ^"A  fortune  (as  his  biogra- 
plier  in  the  PubUe  CkarQeter§  says) 
which  was  gained  with  much  reputa- 
tion, and  to  the  entire  satis&ction  of 
those  who  employed  him."  He  had 
been  physician  to  the  late  king,  and 
might  have  been  so  to  the  present. 
He  was  brother  to  the  celebrated  Miss 
Joanna  BaiUie.  He  married,  early  in 
life,  Miss  Denman,  daughter  of  the  late 
Dr.  Denman,  and  sister  to  the  barrister 
of  that  name.  Besides  the  above  works. 
Dr.  B.  wrote  several  paper*  in  the 
'"IVansactions  of  the  Society  for  Me- 
dical and  Chimrgical  Knowledge."  To 
this  short  biognphical  sketch  of  Dr.  Bail- 
lie,  we  add,  as  a  supplement,  an  eloquent 
eiegre  t»  his  memory,  which  was  deli- 
vered to  the  students  of  anatomy  and 
surgery  in  Great  Windmill-stieet,  by 
his  eminent  successor  in  that  school, 
Charles  Bell,  esq.,  a  man  whose  pro- 
fessional knowledge  is  known  over  all 
Europe,  and  whose  works,  translated 
into  all  the  modem  European  languages, 
have  raised  the  scientific  reputation  of 
England*  Mr.  Bell  had  been  previously 
speaking  of  the  Hunters,  and,  having 
mentioned  Dr.  Baillie,  be  continued. 

''Gentlemen,— I  have  been  led  un- 
avoidably to  mention  that  name.  But 
I  shall  not  venture  to  give  myself  up  to 
thefeeliogSt  which  at  this  moment  it 
could  not  foil  to  excite.  Indeed,  the 
reflections,  which  arise  on  the  contem- 
plation of  a  loss  so  recent  and  so  great, 
would  carry  me  beyond  the  terms  of 
praise,  with  which  yon  are  as  yet  pre- 
pared to  qnnpathise.  You,  who  are  just 
calering  on   your  studies,  cannot  be 


aware  of  the  importance  of  one  man  ta 
the  character  of  a  profession,  the  mtni- 
bers  of  whidi  extend  over  the  dvilised 
wodd.  You  cannot  yet  estimate  tiie 
thousand  chances  there  are  against  a 
man  rising  to  the  degree  of  endnenee 
wfaidi  Dr.  Baillie  attained ;  nor  know 
how  slender  the  hope  of  seeing  his 
place  supplied  in  our  day.  The  fother 
of  Dr.  Baillie  was  the  Rev.  James 
Baillie,  sometime  minister  of  the  Idric 
of  Shotts  (one  of  the  most  ban«n  and 
wild  parts  of  the  low  country  of  Scot- 
land), and  afterwards  Professor  of  Divi- 
nity in  the  University  of  Glasgow.  His 
mother  was  the  sister  of  Dr.  WilHam 
Hunter  and  of  Mr.  John  Hunter.  In 
the  earlier  part  of  his  education,  he 
enjoyed  great  advantages ;  and,  indeed, 
he  was  in  the  whole  course  of  it  pecu- 
liariy  happy.  From  the  College  of 
Glasgow,  in  1780,  he  went  to  Balk^ 
College,  Oxford,  where  he  took  his  de- 
grees ;  and  came  ffaially  under  the  su- 
Eirintendenoe  of  his  uncle.  Dr.  Wmiam 
unter,  with  whom  he  lived.  By  him 
he  was  brought  forward  into  life ;  and 
through  the  influence  of  his  uncle's 
friends,  he  was  made  jphysician  to  St. 
George's  Hospital,  in  17B7.  The  merest 
chance  made  me  acquainted  with  a  cir- 
cumstance very  honourable  to  Dr. 
Baillie.  While  s^ll  a  young  man,  and 
not  affluent,  his  nnde  William,  dyio|fy 
left  him  the  small  fomily  estate  of  Lod|^- 
ealderwood.  We  all  know  of  the  un- 
happy misunderstandhsg,  that  existed 
between  Dr.  Hunter  and  his  brother 
John.  Dr.  Baillie  felt  that  he  owed 
this  bequest  to  the  partiaUty  of  hU 
uncle,  and  made  it  over  to  John  Hunter. 
The  latter  long  refused;  but  in  the 
end,  the  fomily-estate  remained  the  pro- 
perty of  the  brother,  and  not  of  the 
nephew,  of  Dr.  Hunter.  It  was  Dr. 
Hunter's  wish  to  see  his  nephew  suc- 
ceed him,  and  take  his  place  in  these 
rooms  as  a  lecturer.  To  effect  this,  he 
united  with  him  his  assistant,  Mr. 
Cruickshanks ;  and,  at  his  death,  as- 
signed to  him  the  use  of  his  coUection 
of  anatomical  preparations  during  thir« 
ty  years.  It  was  under  this  roof  that 
Dr.  Baillie  formed  himself,  and  here 
the  profession  learned  to  appreciate 
him.  He  began  to  give  regular  lec- 
tures here  in  1785,  and  continned  to 
lecture  in  ooi^unction  with  Mr.  Cruidc- 
shanks  till  1799.  He  had  no  desire  to 
get  rid  of  the  national  peculiarities  of 
language ;  or«  if  he  had,  he  did  not 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.         207 


DEATHS. 


perfectly  inicoeed.  Not  only  did  the 
language  of  his  native  land  linger  on 
his  tongue,  but  its  recollections  clung 
to  his  heart ;  and  to  the  last,  amidst  the 

Slendor  of  his  professional  life,  and 
e  seductions  or  a  court,  he  took  a 
hearty  interest  in  the  happiness  and  the 
eminence  of  his  original  country.  But 
there  was  a  native  sense  and  strength  of 
mind,  which  more  than  compensated  for 
the  want  of  the  polish  and  purity  of  Eng- 
Uth  pronunciation.  He  possessedthe  va- 
luable talent  of  making  an  abstruse  and 
difficult  sulject  plain:  his  prelections 
were  remarlable  for  that  lacid  order  and 
deanieas  of  expression  which  proceed 
from  a  perfect  conception  of  the  sub- 
ject^ and  he  never  permitted  any  va- 
nity of  display  to  turn  him  from  his 
gTOtt  object  of  conveying  information  in 
the  simplest  and  most  intelligible  way, 
■and  so  as  to  be  most  useful  to  hispupHs. 
It  is  to  be  regretted,  that  his  associate  in 
the  lectureship  made  his  duties  here  un- 
pleasant to  him :  and  I  have  his  own 
anthoritv  for  saying  that,  but  for  this, 
ke  would  have  continued  to  lecture  for 
■ome  Tyears  longer.  That  Dr.  Baillie 
ceased  to  lecture  at  a  time  when  his  opi* 
niona  became  every  day  more  valuable, 
is  ihe.less  to  be  regretted,  when  we  con- 
sider how  he  continued  afterwards  to 
occupy  himself.  His  first  woric,  on  Mor- 
bid Anatomy,  was,  like  every  thing  he 
did,  modest  and  unpretending;  but  it 
was  not  on  that  account  the  less  valued. 
JL  perfect  knowledge  of  his  subject,  ac- 
quired in  the  midst  of  the  fullest  oppor- 
tunities, enabled  him  to  compress  into 
a  small  volon^  more  accurate  and  more 
useful  information,  than  will  be  found  in 
the  works  of  Bonetus,  Morgagni,  and 
Id'eutaud.  This  work  consisted  at  first 
of  a  plain  statement  of  fiicts— the  de- 
scription of  the  appearances  presented 
#n  dissection,  or  what  could  be  pre- 
served and  exhibited;  and  he  after- 
wards added  the  narration  of  symptoms 
corresponding  with  the  morbid  appear- 
ances. ,  This  was  an  attempt  of  greater 
difiSculty,  which  will  require  the  expe- 
rience of  successive  lives  to  peifeot. 
His  next  work  was  the  Illustration  of 
Morbid  Anatomy,  by  a  series  of  splendid 
engravings;  creditable  at  once  to  his 
own  taste  and  liberality,  and  to  the  state 
of  the  arte  in  this  country.  He  thus 
•laid  a  solid  foundation  for  pathology, 
-and  did  for  his  profession  what  no  pby- 
sidan  had  done  before  his  time.  Be- 
ndes  his  great  work,  he  gave  a  descrip- 


tion of  the  Gravida  Utaru%  «nd  many 
important  contributions  to  the  Transac* 
tiooA  and  medical  collections  of  his  time. 
Dr.  Baillie  presented  his  collection  of 
morbid  specunens  to  the  CoUege  of  Phy* 
sicians,  with  a  sum  of  money  to  be  ex« 
pended  in  keeping  them  in  order ;  and 
it  is  rather  remariaible  that  Dr.  Hunter, 
his  brother,  and  his  nephew, <  should 
have  left  to  their  country  such  noble 
memorials  as  these.  In  the  College  of 
Glasgpw  may  be  seen  the  princely  col- 
lection of  Dr.  Hunter ;  the  College  of 
Surgeons  have  assumed  new  dirmtj, 
surrounded  by  the  collection  of  Mr* 
Hunter— more  like  the  successive  worka 
of  many  men  enjoying  royal  patronage 
or  national  support,  than  tiie  work  of  a 
private  surgeon ;  and  hutiy.  Dr.  Baillie 
has  given  to  the  College  of  Physlciaas* 
at  least,  that  foundation  for  a  museum 
of  morbid  anatomy,  which  we  hope  to 
see  completed  by  the  activity  c/  the 
members  of  that  body.  When  a  physi  • 
cian  rises  suddenly  into  eminence,  owing 
to  fortuitous  circumstances,  connexions, 
or  address,  thouffh  we  cannot  condemn 
that  person,  nothing  can  be  leas  inter- 
esting than  his  life  or  fortunes:  but 
D.  Baillie's  success  was  creditable  to 
the  time.  It  may  be  said  of  him,  as  it 
was  said  of  his  unde  John, '  every  time 
I  hear  of  his  increasing  eminence,  it  ap- 
pears to  me  like  the  fulfilling  of  poetioU 
justice,  so  well  as  he  deserved  success 
by  his  labours  for  the  advantage  of  hu* 
manity.'-*Yet  I  cannot  say  l£at  there- 
was  not  in  his  manner  sufl&cient  reason 
for  his  popularity.  Those  who  have 
introduced  him  to  families  from  th* 
country  must  have  observed  in  them  a 
degree  of  surprise  on  first  meeting  the 
physician  of  the  court.  There  was  no 
assumption  of  character,  or  warmth  of 
interest  exhibited  ^  he  appeared  what 
he  really  was— one  come  to  be  a  dis- 
passionate observer,  and  to  do  that  duty 
for  which  he  was  called.  But,  then, 
when  he  had  to  deliver  lus  opinion,  and 
more  especially  when  he  had  to  commu- 
nicate with  the  fondly,  there  was  a 
clearness  in  his  statement,  a  reasonable- 
ness in  all  he  said,  tind  a  convincing 
simplicity  in  his  manner,  that  had  the 
most  soothing  and  happy  infiuence  on 
minds,  exalted  and  almost  irritated  by 
suffering  and  the  apprehension  of  im^ 
pending  misfortune.  When  you  re- 
member also  his  upright  and  liberal 
conduct  to  the  members  of  his  profes- 
sion, there  appears  sufficient  reason  for 


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208      ANNUAL 


REGISTER,    I8to. 

DEATHS. 
a  cemin  looil  loaoeltce ;  but  it  wM  to     rapidly  sunk,  tnc^  by 
bit  fiRrfbssiomil  character,  in  a  wider     resignatioa  of  bit  laiC 
•ense,  that  lie  owed  W«  emtoence.    W^ 


resignatioa 

the  virtues  of  fats'liiTe. 


days,  summed  m 
Dr.  fiaiUie% 


cannot  estinate  too  highly  tb^  influence 
of  Dr.  BaillieVcharaeter  on  the  profes^ 
sion  to  which  be  belonged.  I  ought  notj 
perhaps,  to  mention  his  mild  virtues 
and  dosoestic  charities ;  yet  the  recol* 
lection  of  thete  uinst  give  a  deeper  tone 
to  oar  rogret,  and  will  be  interwoven 
with  his  public  character,  embellishing 
what  seemed  to  want  no  addition.  A^ 
terao  mady  years  spent  in  the  cultiva- 
tioD  of-  the  most  severe  science,— for 
surely  anatomy  and  pathology  may  be 
so  considered,— and  in  the  perfbrmance 
of  professional' duties  bn  the  hni^est 
•cale,...^  he  was  consulted  not  only  hf 
those  who  personally  knew  him,  but  by 
indlvidtmls  of  all  nations,— he  had,  of 
late  yoMtr,  betaken  himself  to  other  stu^ 
dies,  aa  a  pastime  and  recreation.  He 
attended  more  to  the  geneial  progress 
of  scfienM.  He  took  particular  pleasure 
in  ndnenOogy;  mid,  even  from  the  nai> 
toral  histoid  of  the  articles  of  the 
Ffaannaeopmla^  he  appears  to  have  de^ 
rived  a  new  touroe  of  gratificatmn.  B^ 
a  cerlBin  diiBoulcy  which  he  put  In  the 
way  of  those*  who  wished  to  consult  htm, 
and  by  seeing  them  only  in  company 
with  other  inedlcal  attendants,  he  pny- 
cored  ibr  himself,  in  the  latter  part  of 
bis  hte,  that  leisure  which  his  health 
reouiredyand  whkh  suited  the  maturity 
of  his  reputation ;  while  he  intentionally 
left  the  field  of  practice  open  to  new 
aspirants.  When  you  add  to  what  I 
have  said  of  the  celebrity  of  the  uncles, 
Wlllhim  and  John  Honler,  the  example 
of  Dr.  Baillie,  and'fiirther  consider  the 
eroinoMa  of  his  sister,  Joanna  Baillie, 
excelled  by  none  of  her  sex  in  any  age, 
you  must  oonchide  with  me,  that  the 
mndly  has  exhibited  a  singular  extent 
and  variety  t>f  talent.  When  I  last  saw 
Mm  (the  day  befbre  he  left  town  for 
Tnnbridge),  i  enjoyed  a  long  and  inter- 
••ting  oonvt^rsation  with  him.  He  wafe 
■ware  of  bis  condition  and  his  danger. 
His  friends  believed  that  he  was  ^u&r« 
ing  fhMn  a  genemi  decay  of  strength— 
a  sort  of  climacteric  disease.  To  me, 
he  appeared  like  a  man  who  had  some 
local  source  of  irritation,  or  visceral  af- 
fSsctiOn,  which  was  preying  on  his  con- 
stitution. Every  body  lioped,  that  his 
state  of  health  was  to  be  ascribed  to  the 
fittigae  of  business,  and  that  retirement 
would  aflm^  him  rtiief ;  but  in  this  we 
^re  disappointed.     Ha  sensibly  and 


age  was  not  great,  if  iheainred  by  ivmallh 
of  years :  he  had  nor  eomplated  feds 
sixty-third  year ;  but  his  li£s  was  loo^ 


in  usefulness.  He*  lived  loeig  ^eooagS 
to  complete  the  modei  of  a  profenJoa^ 
life.  In  the  studies  of  yDutb>-^imtii« 
serious  and  manly  bocupatioaa  of  tte 
middle  period  of  life— in  the  uprii^ 
humane,  and  honourable  cliaimoteros  a 
phvsidaa— and  above  all,  in  that  digni- 
fied conduct  which  became  a- man  aaa^ 
ture  in  years  and  honours,  he  has  left  a 
finished  example  to  his  profession.'^     • 

Lately,  At  Teddington,  Mr.  sergeant 
Marshall,  one  of  the  Justices  of  the 
Chester  Circuit. 

25.  At  Bath^  Mrs.  Baldwin*  daogh^ 
ter  of  the  Ute  Charies  Coae,  esq.  of 
Kemble,  Otoucestershire.  *Sbe  has  be^ 
queatfaed  300/.  to  the  Casual^  Hoapi- 
Ul,  at  Bath ;  600i,  to  the  GJonceater 
infirmary)  700/.  to  the  Poor  of  tli6 
parish  of  Kemble;  aiid  50O/.  to  tbe 
Pbor  of  the  parish  of  Minddnbaaiptas. 

Lately,  At  Rome,  in  hia  83rd  yeuv 
his  holiness  Pope  Pius  VIL 

At  llumpenfaeink,  the  Lftntfgiavine  of 
Hesse  Rumpenheim,  mother  to  tht 
duchess  of  Cambridge.  • 

At  Sierra  Leone,  Edward  Rh^ral^ 
chief-Justice  and  judae  of  the  Vioe- 
^dmiralty  Court,  in  that  Colony,  and 
assessor  to  the  mixed  Commissimi  esta- 
blished there  for  the  more  efiectual  abcK 
lition  of  the  Slave  Trade. 

OCTOBER. 

1.  At  Dacre-lodge,  Middlesei^ 
Francis  lord  Napier,  of  Merchistoun, 
N.B.  lord  lieutenant  of  the  county  of 
Selkirk,  and  one  of  the  Sixteen  repre* 
sentadve  peers  for  Scotland. 

4.  At  Ingestrie,  near  Stafford,  the 
eeat  of  her  &ther,  the  right  hon. 
Pranced  Charlotte  T&lbot,  countess  of 
Dartmouth,  eldest  daughter  of  the 
earl  of  Talbot,  and  niede  to  the  bishop 
of  Qxfi)^.  Her  ladyshi|k  was  bom 
May  17, 1801,  and  was  married  April  5, 
l83].-^nd  on  the  Uth  died  in  Ida 
second  year,  George  viscount  Lewisliaiiif 
her  ladyship's  eloest  son.  . 

6.  Joseph  Dawson,  esq.  of  Royd'a- 
hall,  near  Bradfbrd. 

—  Aged  50,  Mr,  Myers,  jeweller,  of 
Worcester,  who  suddenly  fell  baclgiriiile 
I^ayi^g  at  cards,  and  instantly  tXpMt. 


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APPJBNDIX  TO   QHftONICLB*        «» 


f.  At  9vmm  ToifBf  Ia  hw  j^th 

lal»  of  tbe  ^t^  yegimtnt  of  ibot, 

9.  At  bU  i#a|  in  Don^tjabire,  &fUr  a 
)<«g  Uli|f«a>  t)ie  rlglit  N<o».  ^»tl)«mel 
Boody  oqft  gf  Iii9  i|W)i«4(y'4  Brivy 
«D«i«Malt  <M>d  11  Bdnciidr  of  ibc  uuifr 
Temple.  He  wm  for  Bt^ny  yoar*  one 
of  tae  iMding  counsel  en  the  Western 
Cifcuii,  and  M»P.  for  Corfe  C^Ue. 
Dormg  )ord  Sidmouth's  adniini«|jration 
ke  bfid  a  teat  at  the  Board  of  Treaniuy, 
and  was  subsequently  appointed  Judge 
Advocate  of  the  army, 

9.  Ai  Cheltenham,  Mrs.  Vantp  of 
He^eU^hall^  in  tlie  eeunty  of  perhy. 

—  At  Walton,  near  Peterfjorough, 
aged  U,  William  King,  jun.  A.¥. 
Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi  College, 
Oxibrd- 

12.  Of  an  apoplectic  fit,  at  the  hoose 
of  his  buether.  Dr.  W.  Wollaston,  the 
rer.  F.  J.  H.  Wollaston,  archdeacon  of 
Essex,  and  vicar  of  Soqth  Weald,  and 
redor  of  CoUl  Norton,  in  the  «mie 
eounty. 

13.  At  Harewoed-hottse,  Yorkshire, 
after  an  illness  of  only  three  days,  the 
hon*  Frederic  Laseelles,  fifth  son  of  the 
earl  and  countess  of  Harewood ;  aged 
30.  His  remains  were  interred  in  the 
ftmily  vault  at  Harewood,  on  the  15th. 

—  SnddcDly,  at  Windaor,  in  his  67th 
year,  Samuel  Wharton,  esq.  Clerk 
ComptTDiler  of  his  nuyesty^s  kitchen. 

—  At  Bungay,  Norfolk,  major  general 
Kelso. 

14.  At  Kensington,  Mrs,  Catherine 
Peyton,  eldest  dbuighter  of  the  late 
admiial  Peyton. 

—  At  Bath,  W.  Cade  Key,  esq.  of 
Ifarapstead. 

15.  Aged  29,  Eleanor  Jane,  wife  of 
Captain  Maitland,  and  daughter-in-law 
cff  general  Maitland,  after  being  sudden- 
ly seized  with  a  spasmodic  afifeetion. 
8he  bad  been  confined  in  child-bed 
•Lout  three  weeks  previously. 

Id.  Lady  Hamilton  Dalrymple,  wife 
of  Hent-gen.  sir  J.  Hamilton  Dalrym- 
ple, bart. 

17.  At  Grey's-court,  Henley-on- 
Thames,  the  seat  of  Uidy  iUpleton, 
the  boa.  hfrs.  Stapleton,  wife  of  Ae 
bon.  Thomas  Stapleton,  and  daughter 
of  Henry  Bankes,  esq.  of  Kingston- 
faaH,  in  the  eonnty  of  Dorset. 

18.  Henry  James  Leigh,  esq.  of 
Stoneleigh  Abbey,  Warwickshire.  He 
was  only  son  of  ladv  Caroline  Leigh, 
•Ister  to  Jamas,  bMt  (hike  of  Ghandos : 

Vol.  LXV, 


nn^safe  onae  |n  pniimnigfttthidty 
of  Westasintter.  ifis  es|i»^  dmiiWil 
to  his  son  Cbanda*  Lotgli»  eiq> 

—  At  his  seat  Ashridge^»rii»  Herts, 
the  right  bon.  John  WiUiim  Kgartoo, 
7tli  Mrl  of  Bridifewtler,  This  noble- 
OMHi,  who  WM  the  eldest  son  of  the  kle 
Dr.  4ohn  Sgtrton,  bishop  of  Dorfaani, 
nnd  grandson  of  the  bon.  Henry  Bgtr- 
ton,  bishop  of  Herefimrd,  tuooeeded  Ma 
cousin,  Francis,  third  doke  of  Bridgt- 
waUr  in  180^.  He  has  nmnifioently 
bequeathed  6,000/.  par  annnm  ftv  Aver, 
for  the  employment  and  improveiaMt 
of  the  poor  of  tho  puUh  of  Aahridgn* 
His  diief  estates  aie  left  to  hisoountiis, 
deducting  18,000/.  per  anmun  lor  his 
brother  the  bon.  and  rtv.  Ffands 
%erton,  the  vresent  earl,  after  whose 
decease  and  that  of  the  eonntess,  thty 
devolve  on  the  bon.  Mr.  Cost,  oldost 
SOB  of  lord  Brownlov* 

-*  At  Hastings,  in  hit  81sl  year,  the 
rev.  Edmund  Carimright,  P  J>.  F.R.8.of 
Hollenden-House,  Kent,  Prebendary  of 
Lincoln,  ftc 

19.  At  Sandgate,  Frances  Leigh, 
relict  of  the  late  general  Leigh,  and 
daughter  of  the  Ute  bon.  admfeal 
Bjrron. 

liitely,  at  Willesley-ball,  Derbyshire, 
general  sir  Charles  Hastings,  hart, 
lleutenant-eelonel  of  the  19th  regiment 
of  foot. 

At  St.  Petersbui^h,  M.  Btelbelt,  the 
celebimted  eemposer* 

N0VBMBSR. 

3.  At  Blackheatfa,  geneial  sir  A. 
Farrington,  bart. 

5.  At  Weymouth,  after  a  long  llbMss, 
colonel  Chichester,  of  Arlington  Court, 
Devonshire. 

—  In  Bedford-street,  Bedibrd-sqmae, 
in  her  90th  year,  Mary,  only  dau^ter 
of  the  late  hon.  Robert  Hamilton,  of 
Queenston,  Upper-Canada. 

6.  In  8oho-square,  lady  Barlso, 
relict  of  sir  J.  Burton,  and  wh  of  Mr. 
Boikie. 

—  At  his  Chambers,  fn  the  Inner 
Temple,  after  a  fw  days*  illness,  Hie 
hon.  Frederick  Eden,  Barrfster-at-law, 
eldest  son  of  lord  Henley. 

—  At  Batb,  Mrs.  Grace  Blackwood, 
second  daughter  of  the  bite  4r  B. 
piackwood,  bart. 

8.  At    Westhoe-lodgo,    CamhiWje- 

shire,  after  a  long  illness, ag^dOi^, Marji 

wlf^  of  Beniainin  Ketooi  aaqt 
p         V-. 


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tatO     ANNUAL  REGISTER,    1823. 


DEATHS. 


10.  At  Brighton^  Bffed  81,  Wm. 
Mitchell,  esq.  m  Upper  Harley-street. 

11.  After  an  illaew  of  34  hours,  the 

•  rev.  Bef^jemm  Wainewright,  M.A.  of 
East  Beivh^lt,  Suflblk. 

—  At  his  house  in  Great  Ormond- 
street,  aged  71,  sir  Richard  Richards, 

'  Lord  Chief  Baron,    His  lordship  had 

-teen  sitfifering  item  spasmodic  attacks 

for  a  considerable  period,  and  was  so 

-aerionsly  indisposed  durin|f   the    hist 

Circuit,  that  on  one  occasion  he  was 

compelled    to  leave  the  Court.      He 

•  had  long  ei^oyed   the    friendship  and 

•  eonfidence  of  the  lord  Chancellor,  for 
whom  on  several  occasions  he  pre- 
sided, under  special  oommiastons,  as 

'  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Lords.  He 
was  "Appointed  on  the  4th  of  May  1813 
Chief  Justice  of  Chester ;    one  of  the 

•  barons  of  the  Exchequer,  in  1814 ;  and 
in  ^pril  1817,  on  the  death  of  sir  A. 
lliompeoB,  sir  R.  Richards  succeeded 
him  in  that  high  office. 

li  At  Brighton,  Ehxabeth  Helena, 
only  child  of  the  late  hon.  John  Perce- 
val. 

13.  At  Clifton,  lady  Sullivan,  relict 
of  mr  B.  8ullivan. 

—  In  Hatton-garden,  in  his  68th 
vear,  Mr.  Charles  Taylor,  author  of  the 
improved  edition  of  Calmet's  History 
of  the  Bible,  and  editor  of  Dr.  Wells' 
Scripture  Geography,  and  other  works 
on  the  subject  of  Biblical  Literature. 

14.  George  Augustus  Bouverie,  esq. 
Auditor  of  the  Exc^. 

15.  In  Bcaumont-Hreet,  aged  78,  the 
right  hon.  the  earl  of  Portroore. 

16.  At  Smeaton,  lady  Bucban  Hep- 
bum,  relict  of  sir  George  Bucban  Hep- 
bum,  one  of  the  Barons  of  the  Court  of 
Exchequer  in  Scotland. 

17.  At  Port  Elliot,  the  right  hon. 
John  Crsggs  Elliot,  eari  of  8t.  Ger- 
mains.  His  lordship  succeeded  his 
fiither  in  1804 ;  he  was  twice  married, 
but  not  having  any  issue,  the  title 
devolves  upon  his  brother,  the  hon. 
Wm.  Elliot. 

21.  At  Blackwell,  near  Darlington, 
in  the  countv  of  Durham,  in  his  75th 
year,  captam  Ralph  Milbanke,  R.N. 
first  cousin  to  sir  Ralph  Noel,  late 
Milbanke. 

S3.  In  Old  Fblace.A-ard,  in  her  63rd 
ytKT,  Frances,  wife  of  Henry  Bankes, 
esq.  M.P.  of  Corfe-castle. 

84.  At'Hoddesdon,  Herts,  aged  77, 
Wm.  Hodgson,  esq.  F.R.S. 

97*  At   his   house,   io  Brunsifiok- 


equare,  aged  83,  Harden  Burnley,  esq. 
father-in-law  of  Joseph  Hume,  esq.  M.P. 
28.  At  his  seat,  Picton-castle,  after  a 
long  illness,  in  his  85th  year,  the  right 
hon.  Richard  Phillips,  lord  Milford, 
lord  lieutenant  for  Pembrokeshire,  and 
late  member  for  that  county.  His  kwd- 
ship  was  a  lineal  descendant  from  rir 
John  Picton,  the  second  baronet  of  the 
family,  who  garrisoned  the  castle  of 
Pieton  for  Charles  1st  in  1647 ;  he  wis 
raised  to  the  Irish  peerage,  in  1776,  by 
the  title  of  baron  Milford,  which  is  wm 
extinct,  his  lordship  having  died  with- 
out issue. 

SO.  At  Chiswick,  at  lieut.-eolobel 
Cavendish  S  Villiers  Frederick  Francis, 
youngest  son  of  the  hon.  Henry  Hair- 
ard,  aged  8  years. 

Lately,  at  Edinburi^,  David  Robert- 
son, esq. 

At  his  seat  at  Candle,  in  bis  73rd 
year,  Matthew  Ross,  dean  of  the  Acuity 
of  advocates  in  Scotland. 

At  Dundee,  in  her  Slst  year,  Aone, 
eldest  daughter  of  the  rev.  H.  Horsley, 
and  grand-daughter  of  Ute  late  lord 
bishop  of  St.  Asaph. 

At  Almondale,  near  Edinburgh,  in 
his  76th  year,  Thomas  lord  Erskine,  of 
an  inflammation  of  the  chect. 

At  Carderan,  near  Bourdeauz,  Isdy 
Sophia  Pierre  point,  wife  of  the  right 
hou  Henrv  Pierrepoiot. 

At  the  Hague,  the  right  hon.  Reinsnl 
Deiderick  Jacob  baron  de  Recde 
Ginckell,  cotmt  of  the  Holy  Romsn 
Empire,  lord  of  Ameronger  Ginckell, 
Elst,  and  Livendael,  earl  of  Athlooe, 
viscount  A  ugh  rim,  baron  of  Ballemore, 
and  late  a  colonel  in  the  army.  He  ii 
succeeded  in  his  estates  l>y  his  oolj 
son  George  Godart  Henry  lord  Augb- 
rim. 

At  Jersey,  in  his  43rd  year,  J. 
Dumaresque,  esq.  his  majest^^s  attor- 
ney-general, and  colonel  of  the  first 
regiment  of  Militia  of  that  island.  His 
death  was  occasioned  by  an  attack  of 
apoplexy,  while  in  the  Assembly  of  the 
States. 

At  Borden  Town,  New  Jersey,  in 
his  49th  year,  general  Lallemand,  of  t 
disease  in  the  stomach,  under  which  he 
had  laboured  for  some  time.  He  «as  t 
general  of  Artillery  under  Napoleon, 
and  member  of  the  Chamber  of  Peert. 

DECEMBER, 

9.  IoooDiequfnceofawottndrec«ifed 


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APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE.  '       '211 


the  preceding  day,  while  shooting  in 
his  plantations,  by  his  gun  going  off  as 
he  was  getting  through  a  hedge,  and 
lodging  its  contents  in  his  right  side,— 
Robert  Finer,  esq.  of  Eatborp. 

3.  In  his  9th  year,  the  non  John 
Russell  Keppel,  youngest  eon  of  the 
earl  of  Albemarle. 

—  At  Gato,  G.  BelsEoni,  the  cele- 
brated traveller.  He  was  buried  the 
next  day,  and  the  following  inscrijition 
was  placed  upon  his  tomb :  ^'  Here  lie 
the  remains  of  G.  Belzoni,  who  was  at- 
tacked with  dysentery  at  Benin  (on  his 
way  to  Houssa  and  Timbcictoo)  Novem- 
ber 26,  and  died  at  this  place  December 
3,  1823."  At  the  time  of  his  death 
every  thini^  was  arranged  with  the  king 
of  Benin  lor  his  departure ;  and  there 
is  no  doubt  he  would  have  succeeded. 
He  passed  witli  the  king  and  nobles  for 
a  native  of  the  interior,  who  had  been 
in  England  since  his  youth,  and  was 
then  returning  home;  and  wore  a 
Moorish  dress,  and  a  beard  a  faot  long. 
The  distance  from  Benin  to  Houssa  is 
about  25  days' journey.  His  guard  was 
to  have  left  bim  at  the  latter  place, 
whence  he  was  to  have  proceeded  ^to 
Timbucloo  by  himself. 

4.  Aged  32,  Eliza,  relict  of  general 
Keith  Mncalister,  late  of  Wiro pole- 
street,  Cavendish-square,  and  of  Tores- 
dale-rastle,  Argyleshire. 

7.  At  his  house  in  Qneen's-square, 


DEATHS. 


Robert  Raynsford,  esq.  chief  Magistrate 
of  the  Police-office,  Queen-square. 

—  Aged  70,  the  hon.  Thomae  Steele. 

—  At  Windsor,  Anne,  reliet  of  the 
rev.  William  Douglas,  Prebendary  of 
Westminster  and  Chancellor  of  the 
diocese  of  Salisbury. 

^In  Brook-street,  aged  63,  air 
Eyre  Coote,  bart.  of  West-park,  in  the 
county  of  Hants. 

— *  In  Upper  Grosvenor-street,  lady 
Wake,  relict  of  sir  Wm.  Wake,  bart. 
of  Courtean-hall,  Northamptonshire. 

12.  Aged  21,  Martha  Caroline, 
daughter  of  Arthur  Daniel  Stxme,  M.D. 

—  Aged  fc3,  Robert  Dormer,  esq. 
son  of  Uie  late  James  Dormer,  esq. 

13.  Aged  49,  the  rev.  D.  F.  Pryee, 
D.D.  (rf  Bradfteld  rectory,  in  the  county 
of  Essex. 

14.  Eliza,  wife  of  major  I.ane,  of  the 
ycjk]  artillery.  - 

16.  At  Colchester,  aged  32,  WDlImn, 
second  sou  of  the  rev.  Dr.  Moore. 

28.  Affed  70,  S.  Pell.  esq.  of  Sywell- 
hall,  in  the  county  of  Northampton. 

30.  At  Torquay,  Devonshire*  Sarah, 
'  countess  of  Kilcoursie. 

—  At  Myerscough-hall,  I^ncashire, 
in  hi8  58th  year,  Edw.  Greenhalgh,  esq. 

31.  At  Walthamstow,  Thomas  Coor- 
tenay  Warner,  esq.  Treasurer  of  St. 
Bartholontew's  Hospital. 

—  At  his  seat  in  Cornwall,  sir  A.  P. 
Moleswortb,  bart. 


?  9 


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212     ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1823. 


A    LIST 


OP  THE 


KING'S  MINISTERS  ik  ISJKJ. 


Karl  of  Liverpool  »•••,•  •.^••••••r*  Fir$t  Lcnrd of  the  Treantry. 

Karl  of  Eldon »,• Lord-ChaneeHor^ 

£nd  of  HanXHrbv  •.,.,,••.»•.•.,.••  Prefident  of  the  Coundt. 

Earl  of  Weftmorland  ..,•,••,».».«•••  Aonf  Priv^-SeaL 

T^hhw.  Ocorgc  CimDing £^  ^  t  Fotel^. 

EarlBathuret •^**'       S  CWwm'w  ourf  ^«r. 

Right  hon.  Pr«d.  Jobu  Bobinaon •«,,»•  Chancellor  of  the  Bxchequer. 

Viacotint  MclviUa  .»»,»•••.». Pirtt  Lordof  the  Admiraltw. 

Duke  of  Wellington  ,..•••*,  .•.•,f..  Maiter^Generniof  the  Ordmmee, 

Bjighi  bon.  Ch».  W»  Winianyi  Wynn , . . .  Pre$ident  of  the  Board  of  Controul, 

LordBexley   .•r««««f»«4  •#•»•»•••#•  f'hanceltor  Bf  the  i>t^h^  kf  ^i^^^^' 

Vi«coiwt8wmoutb  ♦#.»*»•• 

T^  ahp^/orm  th^  CABUfirr* 

Duke  of  Montrose Lord  Chamherluin* 

Marquis  Conyngham •  Lord  Sieioard, 

Duke  of  Dorset Matter  of  the  Horee, 

Viscount  Palmerston Secretary  at  fVar, 

Right  hon.  WilUam  Hu.kis«n \  '^^^^'/^r'  ^'^ 

Right  hon.  Si  r  Charles  Long Ptqfmatter  of  the  Forces. 

Right  hon.  Thomas  Wallace Matter  of  the  Mint. 

Right  hon.  Charles  Grant A  ire  Pretident  of  the  Board  of  Trade. 

Earl  of  Chichester Pottmattcr-Gefieral. 

Viscount  Beresford Lietttenwit-  General  of  the  Ordnance, 

Right  hon.  Charles  Arbuthnot First  Committioner  of  Land  Revemu» 

Sir  John  Singleton  Copley,  knt  Attorney'  General, 

Sir  Charles  Wetherell,  knt Solicitor-  General. 

IRELAND. 

Marquis  Wellesley • Lord- Lieutenant  of  Ireland. 

Lord  Manners Lord- Chancellor. 

Lord  Combermere Commander  qf  the  Forces. 

Right  hon.  Henry  Goulbum    Chi^  Secretary. 

Right  hon.  sir  G.  Fitzgerald  Hill,  bart.  J'ice-Treaturer. 

Right  hon.  William  C.  Plunkett ......  Attorney-  General. 

Henry  Joy,  es().  ,,,•,,..,..•  m  #«•# ..  Solioitor^Qenernl. 


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FINANCE  ACCOUNTS  AND  ACTS  PASSED, 
,  1823. 


Public  Imoomc. 
Public  Expbuditurc. 

DiSPOSITIOK  OF   GrANTiS. 

Unfunded  Debt. 

Funded  Dbbt. 

Trade  of  Great  Bsi^ain. 


Trade  op  Ireland. 
Navigation  of  the  United 

Kingdom. 
LtsT  OF  Public  General  Acts. 
<*  -  -  Local  and  PERatoNAL 

Acts. 


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214      ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1823. 


PUBLIC  INCOME  OF  THE  UNITED 

An  Aocoimt  of  the  Ordinary  Rbvenubs  and  ExtraorbinjIKT 
Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  IrelanOj 


HEADS  OF  RSVBNUE. 


ORDINARY   REVENUES. 

Caitomt.  •••••••■•  •••... •••••••••• 

Exdw 

SCSMips    •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

Taxei,  ODder  the  Mantfement  of  the  Com* 
mbsioDert  or  Tazc* 

PottOflke 

Om  ShUUng  in  the  Poand,  and  Sixpence  in 
dw  Vowid  on  Pensiuas  and  Salaries,  and 
fVmr  Shillinct  in  the  Pound  on  IVnilons.. 

Hackney  C^oachea,  and  llawkera  and  Pedlan 

Citmn  lAnda 

Small   Braudiea  of  tlie  Kiosfa  Herediury 

Lottery ;  Sorpina  Produce,  after  payment  of 
Prina 

Sflrpliia  Fees  of  Rcgnlatcd  Pnblle  Offices. . . . 

PowdMw  Fees,  Pelb  Fees,  Caaoalties,  Trea. 
amy  Fees,  and  Hospital  Fees 

TOTAL  of  Ordinary  Revenoes 

OTHER  RESOURCES. 

Proceeds  or  Old  Kaval  Stores,  per  Act  3, 
Geo.4,c.l^,  s.  4 

Undaimed  Dividenda,  Annnities,  Lottery 
rriaes,  &e.  per  Act  ^  Geo.  3,  e.  9;    .... 

Amonnt  of  Saving  on  Tliird  Class  of  Civil 
list,  in  tlie  year  ended  3tli  of  January, 
1821    

Pyooi  tlie  Commiasionere  for  the  Isaac  of 
Exdieqaer  Bills,  per  Act  A7  Geo.  3.  c.  54, 
for  ttie  Emptoyment  of  the  Poor 

From  several  C  unty  Treaaniers,  and  others 
in  Ireland,  on  account  of  Advances  made 
by  the  Treasury,  for  improving  Post 
Koada,  for  building  (laols,  fbr  the  Police, 
for  Public  Works,  employment  of  the 
Poor,  Ac 

Impmt  Monies,  repaid  by  sundry  Public 
Aeeoontanls,  and  other  Monies  paid  to  the 
Pnblie n 

TafALS,  cxduiw  of  Louis 

TOTALS  of  the  PnbUc  Income  of  the 
UMlMKiH(<wi,Madln|  Lows.,.. 


14,S8t.710  16  K 
^1*190,946  6 
7,106,745    0 

7.538,886    3    fi| 
2428,026  10    8 


68.730    5  S| 

62,612  19  9 

250,059  11  3| 

13,195   0  0$ 

UifiOO    0  0 

53,872    4  8 

7,870    2  8^ 


GROSS  RECEIPT. 


Bapayaats,  All«w> 
aaoM,  Dieeaaatii 
Drawhaclu,  aad 
Baaatict  of  tha 

Natareof 
Dmvboduk  Itr. 


63,040,496  13    9) 


151,000    0    0 
1,666    5     1 

I1II9    2    3i 

197,500  0  0 

81,516  8    33 
328,195  13  11) 


63,B01«494    3    5| 
11,872,155    9   29 


rsA^fi^li  8\ 


NCTT  RECBPr 
PAYlSr^lK. 


£.        #. 

1,461,^90    8    0| 

2,214.609    6  11 

226,250    9    9 

21,183    0    8| 

rgz-ye  6  o 


12J923/I80 
2m976,S4«   . 
6^880,494  10 

7,517,6«3    >  H 
«,049'398    4  8 


4,002,9«5  11    5 


4,002,925  U    5 


4,002,925  11    5 


s.  i* 


10  H 


68.730  5  n 
62,6l«  U  9. 
250,090  U  Ji 

13495   0  ^ 

234/)00  0  0 
53,872  4  8 

7,870   e  8| 


59,037,371  3  4i 


151,0C»   4  0 

ijm  5  1 

1.L19   <  H 

tgtjsoo  0  0 

Bl^tf   1  H 
32849$  Mill 


59^9^566  12  •} 
ll;Br24i5  9  2| 


n.670J94    1  H 


WUtcban  Tireaiiry  Chuahil%i 


} 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.         215 


KINGDOM,  FOR  THE  YEAIL  18X3. 

Rs0Oc;rob8,   coiutituting  the  PUBIJC  INCOM£   rf  tlie  United 
for  the  Year  ended  5th  January,  1828. 


ULAH&S 


CkasfMof 
••t  •r^MlacnaMt 

■■  Its  PM^fCM 
to  lb«  EadMqMT. 


PAYMENTS 

hito  tiM 

EXCHEQUER. 


BALANCES 

•aJBILLB 

OwlMtMUif  en  th« 

Sth  JuMMrjr  l«<3. 


INaCHARGE 

oTtW 

INCOME. 


CeBt.fbr 
irMch  ths 
Gn 

tol- 


«.    4, 


<f. 


7^.099  10    Of 
19    4J 


3 


?>S894»M] 


S^T.561'  I*   9 
1>79«4^  IS  10||27, 


437.646    0    8|'  7,918,844    2    0 
6«0,Bd9    4  111   M88,C30  15    4^ 


£. 


tf. 


«.  tf. 


£.  #.d. 


10^)3,616  la 

,«8S^408 


la  01 

11    M 
19    3J 


724>94  8  10| 

ft).5i5  8  11 

SOijM  4    4) 

154^1  1    5} 

OI^OOD  0    O 

5S,87<  4    8 

7.870  2    8i 


1,894  19    S 

8^4    1     1 
S65j973    3  11^ 

3,39s   9    0 

3,000    0    0 


0i,34O««64    6     i 


15MKI0    0    O 

ijm  5   1 

1419    «    3| 
197,A)0    O    0 

85,064    5    0} 
M8495  13  lit 


307;2A6  19    8J 
l,e8«,557 
477^23 

276,609    7    4f 
2iOJb5&  19    0| 


119    8| 

19    94 

!    5    21 


1  12  61 

3    5  1) 

.2   8  Oj 

7.933^)99  10  Os!  5    1  11 

2,iai9,955  19  4}.^    4    £ 


lS.298yMl 
M),158.94S 
7r''l«.952 


10  15  e 
4  T  1 
2  18    0 


07,924  W  3l 

54|580    0  0 

973    6  8 

9i606  10  2 

831,000    0  0 

53,879    4  8 

7,870    2  8) 


3.234  17    5| 

101    7  10 

28,919  13    9* 

3,029    2    3l 


724)94    8  10|   S  13    5 
634C5    8  11  It4    2    6 
21    0 


295,8(36  4  4i 

15,9^1  1  H 

234,000  0  0 

53,872  4  8 

7370  3  Bi 


6jSmj09i  17    0^53,65^73  I6    7^  2*999,888  12    5 


I51AX>    0    0 
1,666    5    1 

1,119  2  H 

197,600    0    0 

82,696    3    5} 
328,195  13  n| 


&%10».9&9  1<    H  5/368,091  17    0| 
U^f,155    9    3| 


y4«77,156    1    81 


54^14450    1    4f 
11,872,155    9   2^ 


62,340,414    6    1 


151,000  0  0 

1JSC6  5  1 

1,119  «  3* 

-   197,500  0  0 


2,369    1    71 


5>S88,09t  17    ( 1 66.286,806  SO  7i 


3/)02,fi57  14    Oi 


0 

9  16    S 
1    5    8 


6  12    0 


85^4    5    (4 
338,105  IS  111 


^/M;m  14    0^,104,909  I<   6| 
11372,155    9   ^ 


umAi^  t  •! 


J.  a  HBERIB8, 


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216      ANNUAL  REGISTER,    1621 


PUBLIC  EXPENDITURE. 

An  Acocmnt  of  the  PUBLIC  EXPENDITURE  of  ihe  United  King- 
dom^ exclusive  of  the  Sums  applied  to  tin  R^Luction  of  the  Natioiul 
Debt  within  the  same  period. 


BXPBKDITtJRB. 


P0lfmenit  trntt/ihc  Income  in  U$  Prcgnu  to  the 
Exchequer. 

Chitfl»c^CcneeSoa ,. ,,,,,. 

Otta- PiyiiMols  •• •••! ••«•••••..•*••••.•••• 


T»ral  Pairtneirti  dvt  of  the  Income,  prior  to 
tbt  Faymeott  into  the  Rxcheqner 


P^iytimh  OKt  9fBt<^aqiier, 

XMAmAylw^Ht,  and  MuMfcemmt,  of  the  Pnblic  Funded 
DebL  Ihtr  QuarttH  to  idtfi  Oct  latt,  erekiait«  dT 
f .  15,811  ,tlO.  12«.  gd.  ian^  to  the  CkMnmiaslooars  fbr 
the  RediRMon  Of  die  Naaontl  Debt ..« 

Intorm  on  ExcheiMer  Bills  tod  Irteh  Trensory  Billi, 
4iislV«er£.90lJi50forSin]dDg]^iiMl 


lifted  to  the  trdtte*  of  MUitary  and  NaVal  Pcfulons,  per 
Act  S  Geo.  •,  rf.  51 ,. 

CIvU  Lfat,«Qiiacter»todthJaii.  18S£S 

F^oM  charted  by  Act  of  ParUamcnt  upon  Consoltdated 
ItoHj,  4  Qtiartm  to  loth  Oct.  18M 

SaMrlei  and  AlMrancet,         Ditto       i*......*,,..,,^ 

Ofllccra  of  Conrta  of  Jaitice,   Ditto       ,,, 

£xpenaei  of  the  Mint,  piito 

Boundea,  fitto       

MiieeUaneoila,  Ditto 

Ditto,    Ireland,  blito       

Anny k # ,.«,,, , , 


Nary. 

J'^T'T^eawrar  «f  Ore«i«ich  HoapItU,  to  p^'OMFM- 


Ordnuice  .i.. 
MiacdIaneoM 


Dednet  the  feim  iiaaed  to  Uie  thiatees  of  Military  and  KaTal 
FWMiona,  being  charged  In  the  above  iaraea  of  Sapplica.. 

Bank  of  Ir4and,  Balance  doe  for  Advancea  for  {:omniercial 

Credit    „ » 

Intereat  on  Advances  made  oh  die  credit  of  the  Loan,  from 

the  SInkiBK  Fond  in  Ireland,  18«1 , 

By  the  Con^raMoners  for  iasning  ExchMoer  BUls  under  Act 

5T  G»o.  it  c.  S4  and  l«4,  f<>r  the  Employment  of  the  Poor 
Advancea Jmt  of  the  Consolidated  I^nd  in   Iretond,  for 

PnhUc  yfwkM  , 


4,106^0  16  H 
l,M7,8«l 


vn 


^,49ojda/t  4  s| 
1^90JB96  16  10| 


Ii0l7,000    0    0 

518,4.17    5 

1t^3  10 

83,5n  12 

14,750  0 
2^  13 
itotTl^S  7 
246,253    6    S4 


H 


7.<^,973  16   61 
4,915  642    2  uf 

248,000  0  0 
1,0(17,821  1  M 
2.105,797    3    3} 


I6,0d6,234   4    «t 
1,400,000    0    0 


105,181  9    ^ 

6,546  9    71 

94,500  0    O 

383,734  0  11 


Total  £ft(aMllnre,etclaalv«of  the  S«naa|mya«  ID  the  Redwilloa 
of  the  National  Debt 


•"jgjjVJJ  Inwihie  paid  into  the  BmchMiMr)  over  Expendlitt« 


i.i. 


5.688/)91  17  11 


3d»92M94    1   I 

i,4foo/no  0  0 


ffl4lA39i6  4 


HjMfiSi   4   t] 


5f!^,96l  19  14 
55,187,221  18  7| 

44115,51919  H 


WhUehaU  Treaaary  Chamben,? 
S5lh  March  1823.  $ 


aR.LUBUINGTON. 

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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.        217 


DISPOSITION  OF  GRANTS. 

As  Account  thowiiig  how  the  Monies  giten  for  the  SBRVICE  of  thtf 
United  Kingdom  of  Gbbat  Britain  and  laaiiAND,  for  the  Year 
1822,  faaye  been  di^oied  of;  distinguished  under  their 'leveral 
Heads;  to  5th  January,  1823. 


SERVICES. 


NiVY .....(. 

OsDNAirdB 

Forces  . .  •  •  • 


SUMS 
Voted  or  Gfftnted. 


For  defraying  the  Charge  of  the  Gvil  Ata^ 
tiisfmienit  und^-mentioned  ;  tfiz. 

Of  Sierra  Leone ;  from  tlie  Ist  of  January 
tothe3i8tofDecembeM832 

Ditto.. Neir  South  Wales.,  from  Do.  to  Do. 

Ditto.  .Newfbundland ....  from  Do.  to  Do. 

Ditto..Pr.Edward'8  Island  from  Do.  to  Do. 

Ditto*. New  Brunswick  ••  from  Do.  to  Dd. 

Ditto.  .Nova  Scotia from  Do.  to  Do. 

DiUo.  .Upper  Canada. . . .  from  Do.  to  Do. 

Ditto.  .Dominica . .  ^ from  Do.  to  Do. 

Of  Uie  Bakama  Islands,  in  addition  to  the 
Salaries  now  paid  to  the  Public  Officers 
out  of  the  D"ty  fSind,  and  the  incidental 
Chai|^  attending^  the  same   .......... 

Td  pay  off  and  discbarge  such  of  the  Pro- 
prietors of  Navy  6  per  cent  Annuities, 
and  of  Irish  5  per  cent.  Annuities,  nay- 
able  at  the  Bank  of  England,  as  nave 
signified  Uieir  dissent  to  receive  4  pounds 
per  cent.  Annuities  in  lieu  thereof    * .  •  • 

Royal  Military  College  ;  from  the  25th  of 
December,  1821,  to  the  24th  of  Decern 
ber,  UB22  k... 

ChaiTre  of  the  Royal  Military  Asylum )  fbr 

the  same  time •  • 

For  paying  interest  on  Exchequer  Bills, 
Irish  Treasury  Bills,  and  Mint  Notes ; 

for  1822. • 

Td  be  issued  to  the  Commissioners  for  the 

Aeductlon  of   the  National  Debt;   for 

1822,  in  respect  df  Excheouer  Bills  w . 

Works  and  Repair^  of  Public  Buildings ; 

for  1822 * 

Extxaordinary  Expenses  of  the  Mint,  in  the 

QoldCoioaffe  ;  for  1822 

JSartraordinary  Expenses  that  may  be  incur 

red  for  Prosecutions,  &c.  relating  to  the 
Coin  of  this  Kingdom ;  for  1822. 


stnn 

Paid. 


$^^  2  U 
1,881,396  2  6 
7)755,042    4  10} 


82,176  18  10} 

13,347  2  er 

6,488  10  0 

3,580  15  0 

6,757  10  0 

14,098  17  6 

11,992  10  0 

600    0  0 


3,506  17    6 


2,700,000  0  0 

13,662  1  7 

86,149  14  6 

1,200,000  0  0 

290,000  0  0 

40,000  0  0 

10,500  0  0 


^|000    0    0 


d,8li|581  11    4 
759,428    9    1| 
6,868,304    0    H 


80,000  0 

7,000  0 

4,000  0 

3,580  15 

3,000  0 

8,000  0 

5,000  0 

300  0 


3,506  17  6 

2,700,000    0  0 

10,118  14  11 

17,290  15  7 

1,800,000    0  0 

217|500    0  0 

10y500    0  0 


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218     ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1623. 


SERVICES. 


fixpenst  of  Law  Charges;  for  1822 

Expense  attending  the  confining,  maintain- 
ing, and  employing  Convicts  at  Home  ; 
for  1822 

Expensea  of  the  Establishment  of  the  Public 
Office,  Bow-street,  including  the  Horse 
and  Foot  Patrol,  and  of  the  Establish- 
ment of  the  River  Police  ;  for  1822  .... 

Amount  of  Bills  drawn,  or  to  be  drawn, 
from  New  South  Wales ;  for  1822 

Salaries  to  certain  Officers,  and  the  Ek- 
penses  of  the  Court  and  Receipt  of  Ex- 
chequer;  for  1)522    ^. . 

Salaries  of  tlie  Commissioners  of  the  Insol- 
vent Debtor's  Court,  of  their  Gerks,  and 
the  Contingent  Expenses  of  the  Office ; 
for  1822 

Salaries  or  Allowances  granted  to  certain 
Professors  in  the  Universities  of  Oxford 
and  Cambridge,  for  reading  courses  of 
Lectures ;  for  1822  

Expenses  of  the  House  of  Lords  and  Com- 
mons; for  1822    

Salaries  and  Allowances  to  the  Officers  of 
the  Houses  of  Lords  and  Commons ;  for 
1822  

Extraordinary  ExpenseH  of  the  Department 
of  the  Lord  Chamberlain,  for  Fittings 
and  Furniture  for  the  two  Houses  of  Par- 
liament; in  1822 

Expense  of  certain  Colonial  Services,  for- 
merly paid  out  of  the  Extraordinaries  of 
the  Army;  for  1822 

Chai*ge  for  printing  Acts  of  Parliament  for 
the  two  Hou9es  of  Parliament,  for  the 
Sheriffs,  Clerks  of  the  Peace,  and  Chief 
Magistrates  throughout tlie  Uuited  King- 
dom, and  for  the  acting  Justices  through- 
out Great  Britain ;  also  for  printing  Bills, 
Reports,  Evidence,  and  other  Papers  and 
Accounts  for  the  House  of  Lords ;  for 
1822  

Expense  of  printing  the  Votes  of  the  House 
of  Commons,  during  the  present  Session 

Deficiency  of  the  Grant  of  1821 ,  for  printing 
the  Votes  of  the  House  of  Commons,  dur- 
ing'the  last  session   

for  paying,  in  the  year  1822,  the  usual  Al 
lowances  to  Protestant  Dissenting  Minis- 
ters in  England,  Poor  French  Protestant 
Refugee  Cleiigj*,  l\x)r  French  Protestant 
Refugee  Latty,  and  sundry  small  Charit- 
able and  other  Allowances  to  the  Poor  of 
Wnt  Marttn-in^tha-Fleldti  tad  others.. 

Pefldency  of  the  Oiint  of  1820,  for  the 
Sopplemenul  Ctarge  for  Frintf ng  done 


SUMS 
Voted  or  Granted. 


26fiOQ    0    0 


81,363  0  0 

33,567  0  0 

100,000  0  0 

7,000  0  0 

8,640  0  0 

953  7  6 

19,055  0  0 

22,800  0  0 

4,800  0  0 

2,442  10  0 


17,000    0    0 
3,500    0    0 

204  15    9 


7»««   8  10 


Digitized  by 


suns 

Paid. 


25,000   0   0 


81,363    0   0 

8,353    2    0 
K)0,000    0   0 

4,779  Id  II 
4,800    0   0 


10,333  11  9 

16,302  12  3 

1,795    5  8 

2,442  10  0 


3,500   0   0 
204  15   9 

MM   Alt 

Google 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE,        ai9 


8EIIVIC£& 


per- 


by  order  of  the  House  of  Commons, 

taining  to  the  session  of  1819 

Expense  of  printing  Bills,  Reports,  and 
other  Papers,  by  order  of  the  House  of 
Commons,  during  the  present  session  . . 
Defidenqr  of  the  Grantof  1821  for  printing^ 
Acts  of  Parliament  for  the  two  Houses  of 
Parliament,  fortbeSheriffit,  Clerks  of  the 
Peace,  and  Chief  Magistrates  throughout 
the  United  Kingdom,  and  for  the  acting 
Justices  throughout  Great  Britain  \  also 
for  printing  Bills,  Ueporti,  Evidence, 
and  other  Papers  and  Accounts  for  the 

House  of  Lords 

Deficiency  of  the  Grant  of  1821,  for  print' 
ing  Bills,  Reports,  and  other  Papers,  by 
Oraer  of  the  House  of  Commons,  during 

the  last  session 

Expense  that  may  be  incurred  in  1822,  for 
printing  1,7^0  copies  of  the  77th  volume 
of  the  Journals  of  the  House  of  Commons 

for  the  present  ScKsion 

Expense  Uiat  may  be  incurred  for  reprint- 
ing Journals  and  Reports  of  the  House 

of  Commons ;  in  1822 

F6reign  and  other  Secret  Services ;    for 

1822 

For  making  good  the  Deficiencies  in  the 
Fee  Funds,  in  tlie  Departments  of  the 
Treasury,  Three  Secretaries  of  State,  and 

Privy  Council;  for  1822 

Contingent  Expenses  and  Messengers  Bills 
in  the  Departments  of  the  Treasury, 
Three  Secretaries  of  State,  Privy  Coun- 
cil, and  lord  Chnml>orlain  ;  for  lh22 

For  defraying,  in  1822,  the  Charge  of  AV 
lowances  or  Compensations,  granted  or 
allonred  as  retii-eti  Allowances  or  Super- 
annuations, to  Persons  formerly  employed 
in  Public  Offices  or  Departments,  or  in 
the  Public  Service,  according  to  the  Act 

of  the  50th  of  his  late  Majesty  

To  pay  off  and  discharge  such  of  the  pro- 
prietors of  5  per  cent  Annuities  and  Go- 
vernment Debentures,  payable  at  the 
Bank  of  Ireland,  as  have  signified  their 
dissent  to  receive  4  per  rent  Annuities  in 

lieuthereof 

To  pay  off  and  discharge  such  of  the  pro- 
prietors of  Navy  5  per  cent  Annuities, 
and  of  Irish  6  per  cent  Annuities,  pay« 
able  at  the  Bank  of  England,  who  mm 
signified  their  dissent  to  receive  4  per 

oent  Annvities  in  lieu  thereof  

To  pay  off  and  discharge  each  of  the  Pre* 
pHeton  of  £  per  c^t  Annuitieei  nd 


SUMS 
Voted  or  OraDted. 

SUMS 
Paid. 

e£.          #.      d. 

£*       #.    d. 

5,434    7     1 

5,434    7    1 

20,000    0    0 

mmm 

1,235  10  2^ 

10,479  14  7 

3,500    0  0 

3,000    0  0 

40,000    0  0 

72,327    0  0 

78,794    0  0 


7,8dl    6    3 


39,000    0    0 


98,000    0    0 


1,235  10    21 


10,475  14    7 


Digitized  by 


21,553  10  0 
52,002  14  7 
69,471  8  2 

2,381  13  4 
39,000  0  0 
87,IM  0  10 

Google 


220       ANNUAL  REGI&TER,  ISM. 


siRfices. 


GoveiUflMnt  Debentures,  payable  at  the 
Bank  ci  Ireland,  as  have  signified  their 
dissent,  as  Trustees,  to  receive  4  per 
cent  Annuities  in  lieu  thereof  

To  malce  good  the  Deficiency  of  the  Grants 
for  the  Seivice  of  the  year  1821... 

For  defraying  the  Deficiency  of  the  Grant 
of  1821,  for  printing  1,7^  Copies  of  the 
76th  volume  of  the  Journals  of  the  House 
of  Commons • ».. 

For  enabling  His  A^esty  to  provide  for 
such  Expenses  of  a  Civil  nature  as  do  not 
form  a  part  of  the  ordinary  Charges  of 
the  Civil  List;  fdr  1822 

For  defraying  the  Expenses  of  Out-Pen' 
sioners  of  Greenwich  Hospital ;  for  1828 

To  defray  the  Charge  of  Forts  and  Pbsses- 
Sions  on  th^  G<ua  Coast  ot  Africa;  for 
1822 


The  following  SBRViots  are  directed  to  be 
paid,  without  any  Fee  or  Deduction  what* 
soever. 

Expense  of  Works  Carrying  oh  at  the  Col- 
lege of  Edinburgh  t  for  1822 « 

Expense  of  the  building  of  a  Penitentiary 
House  at  Milbank ;  for  1822 

Expense  of  sundry  Works,  executing  at 
Pbrt  Fatriok  Hartxmr  j  for  the  year  1822 

Fdr  paying,  In  1822,  the  Awards  of  the 
Commissioners  established  in  London, 
In  pursuance  of  an  Act  of  the  58th 
of  his  late  Miyesty,  for  carrying  into 
effects  Convention  between  his  late  Ma< 
jesW  and  his  Most  Faithful  Majesty,  to 
Claimants  of  Portuguese  Vessels  and  Car- 
goes, captured  by  British  Cruisers,  on 
account  of  the  unlawful  trading  in  Slaves, 
since  the  Istof  June,  1814 

Expense  of  the  Penitentiary  House  at  Mil 
bank ;  ttom  24th  June  1822  to  24th  June 
1823 

Expense  of  the  National  Vaccine  Establish 
ment;  for  1822   ,..,. 

American  Loyalists ;  for  1822 

Expense  of  confining  and  maintaining  Cri- 
minal Lunatics ;  for  1822  

nenairs  of  Henry  the  Seventh's  Chaftel : 
for  1822 ;..... 

British  Museum  ;  for  1822    .*'*.* 

For  enabling  His  Miyesty  to  grant  Rejief, 
in  1822,  to  Toulonese  and  Corsican  EmI- 
gitmts,  Dutch  Naval  Officers,  8t.  Domingo 
Sufferers,  and  others,  who  liave  hereto- 
fore received  Allowances  irom  His  Mli- 


24,000   0  0 

8dO,4AI  18  6| 

8,183  It  1 

200,000  0  0 

310,000  0  0 

20/)00  0  0 


10,000  0  0 
18,000  0  0 
10,000    0    0 


suns 
FiAd. 


35,000    0*0 

23,000    0  0 

3,000    0  0 

7,500    0  0 

3,3C6  10  0 

1,847    0  0 

9,425  13  0 


f.  d. 


2,183  12  1 

174,976  15  0| 

160,000    0  0 

12,000    0  0 


10,000  0  0 
16|000  0  0 
10,000    0    0 


3,000    0  0 

3,000    0  0 

1,696  12  3 

1,847    0  0 

9,425  13  0 


Digitized  by 


Google 


APPENDIX  TO  CmRONI(?lP*        «! 


sSEVieis. 


j«ety,  and  who,  finmi  Servioee  perfQimtd, 
or  I/Kses  sust^ified  in  the  Britisd  Sep- 
iriee,  Buftt  specfal  dbiims  qpop  His  Ma- 

jestv's  juntioe  and  liberality  f <•»*••• 

For  the  support  of  the  InBtitution  flailed 
The  Refuge  for  the  Destitute ;  for  1823 
To  tnaUe  the  Cofnmisiionevi  for  the  Cale- 
donian Canal,  V>  pit>ceed  in  opening  the 
Navigation   between   the   Eastern  nod 

Western  Seas;  in  182S 

Escpense  of  sundry  Worlcs  executing   at 

Donaghadee  Harbour;  for  18S3  

Expense  of  sundry  Works  executing  at  Port 

Pfttrick  Harbour;  for  1832 „ 

Expense  of  sundry  Works,  propesed  to  be 

done  at  Holyhead  Harbour;  in  1823 

For  discharging,  in  1822,  ouutanding  Deo- 
mands,  relative  to  purchasing  Houie? 
and  Oronnds  for  the  further  Improve* 

ment  of  Westrainiter  ...., -i vtMM 

To  complete  the  Payment  of  the  Exp^i^ 
of  erecting  N*ew  Courts  for  the  Commif* 
sioiiers  of  Bankrupts,  in  Basinghall-ttreet 
To  pay,  in  182^,  the  Salaries  and  Incidental 
Expenses  of  the  Commissioners,  ap- 
pointed, under  the  Treaty  with  Spain, 
Portugal,  and  the  Netherlands,  for  pus- 
venting  the  illegal  Traffic  in  Slaves  , 

To  make  Compensation  to  Three  of  the 
Commissioiiers  for  inquiring  into  the 
CbllctUon  and  Afrnagcment  of  the  Heye 
nue  in  Ireland,  for  their  assiduity,  oire^ 
and  pains  in  the  execution  of  the  Trusts 
reposed  in  them  by  Parliament,  for  tmt 

year  ,., 

Towards  defraying  the  Expense  of  building 
the  New  Court^of  Justice  in  Westminster 

Hall  

One  Year's  Wagea,  to  certain  of  the  Servants 

of  htr  Ufte  MajefW  Quae*  Oaroline 

Compensation  to  Henry  Burgess,  for  the 
•     Expenses  incurred  by  him,  in  prosecut- 
ing his  plan  for  the  more  speedy  con* 
ve>'ance  of  Letters,  and  of  his  loss  of 
time  and  exertions,  in  that  undertaking 
To  defray  tb«  Sums  awarded  to  William 
^uoeey  and  Beverley  Robinson,  beini 
two  American  Loyalists,  whose  Claim 
wer^  not  included  in  the  list  submitted 

to  parliament  in  the  last  session 

To  complete  the  Sum  of  12,500/.  on  acoDunt 
nC  the  AlfowancTT  which  would  have  been 
due  to  her  late  Majesty  Queen  Caroline, 
an  tbe  10th  of  October  182f ,  to  be  ap* 
plied  towards  the  discharge  of  the  Debts 
€ue  l»yi  find  rai«anlng  un^pftld  out  of  tJu» 


SUMS 
Voted  or  OwaMi 


19,000  0  0 

5,000  0  0 

2^,000  0  0 

15,000  0  0 

5,000  0  0 

ia»ooo  0  0 

1,000  Q  0 

2,700  0  0 

18,700  0  0 


4,500    0    0 

30,000    0    0 
971  18    0 


7»300    0    0 


12,184    3    7 


SUMS  • 
Voltd  or  Oraolod. 


4f  *  #•  ^' 

7i«00  0  0 

i:,ooo  0  0 

25,000  0  0 

15,000  0  0 

5,000  0  0 

5,000  0  0 


2,700    0    0 


2y456    3    0 


'4,500    Q    0 


071  IP    0 


7,300    0    0 


WH    3    7 


Digitized  by 


Google 


222 


ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1S23. 


8ERVTCE3. 


Efiecto  of  her  late  Majesty,  to  ber  British 
Creditors,  for  Works  or  Service  done,  or 
Goods  supplied  for  her  late  Majesty's  use 
To  he  paid  to  sir  W.  Adams,  as  a  reward 
for  the  Services  which  he  has  rendered  to 
the  Public  in  superintending  the  Oph- 
thalmic Hospital 


For  defraying  the  Charge  of  the  foUovHng 
Services  in  Ireland,  which  are  directed 
to  be  paid  Nett  in  British  Currency. 

For  the  employment  of  the  poor  in  Treland, 
and  other  purposes  rehiting  thereto,  as 
the  exigency  of  af&irs  may  require  

To  enable  his  Majesty  to  take  such  measures 
as  the  exigency  of  aflairs  in  Ireland  may 
require 

Civil  CoxUngencies  in  Ireland ;  for  one 
year,  ending  the  5th  Jan.  1823 

For  making  good  the  Deficiency  of  the 
Grant  of  1821,  for  defraying  the  Expense 
of  Printing,  Stationery,  and  other  Dis- 
bursements of  the  Chief  and  Undersecre- 
taries Offices  and  Apartments,  and  other 
Public  Offices  in  Dublin  Castle.  &c. ;  and 
for  Riding  Charges  and  other  Expenses 
of  the  Deputy  Punniivants  and  Messen- 
gers attending  the  said  Offices ;  and  also 
superannuated  Allowances  in  the  Chief 
Secretary's  Office    

For  making  good  the  Deficiency  of  the 
Grant  of  1821,  for  defraying  the  Expense 
of  printing  1,500  Copies  of  a  compressed- 
quarto  edition  of  the  Statutes  of  the 
United  Kingdom,  for  the  U9e  of  the  Ma- 
gistrates of  Ireland  ;  and  also  250  Copies 
of  a  folio  edition  of  the  same,  bound  for 
the  use  of  the  Lords,  Bishops,  and  Public 
Offices  in  Ireland 

Expense  of  printing  325  Copies  of  a  folio 
edition  of  the  Public  General  Acts  of  the 
present  Session,  for  the  use.  of  the  Lords, 
Bishops,  and  other  Public  Officers  in 
Ireland ;  and  also  1 ,500  Copies  of  a  quarto 
edition,  for  the  use  of  the  acting  resident 
Magistrates  in  Ireland    

Expense  of  supporting  the  Non-conforming 
Ministers  in  Ireland,  for  one  year 

Expense  of  supporting  the  Secedini;  Minis- 
ters from  the  S>-nod  of  Ulster,  in  Ireland  ; 
for  one  year 

Expense  oV  supportin};  the  Protestant  Dis- 
senting Ministers  in  IreUuid ;  for  one  year 

For  improving  and  completing  tlie  Harbour ! 
of  Howth ;  in  m^ 


SUMS 
Voted  or  Onoled. 

SUMS 

dS.        t.    d. 

of.     t.^  rf. 

8,847    8    5i 

8^7    8   5i 

4,eoo  0  0 

4,000    0   0 

100,000  0  0 

200,000  0  0 
20,000  0  0 


867  0  0 


1,202  5    2 


3,000  0  0 
8,697  4  7J 


4,034  15  5 

756  0  0 

4^  0  0 

Digitized  by 


92,307  13  lOJ 

92,.307  13  lOJ 
18,253    9    2 


867    0    0 


1,202    ^   2 


1,255    8    5 
6,522  18    H 


2,017    7    8* 
756    0    0 
1,846    9    I 

Google 


APPENDIX  TO  CHR0N1C5LB.        ^228 


SERVICES. 


SUMS 
Voted  orOiMiMl. 


SUMS 
P>ld. 


Enense  of  makiDg  a  Surrey  of  the  Rhrer 
SbftDnon    .-... 

For  carrying  on  the  Works  of  the  Harbour 
ofDunmore;  in  1K93 

Probable  Expenditure  of  the  Board  of  WorkH 
in  Ireland  ;  in  18SS 

Esuense  of  Printing,  Stationeiy,  and  other 
Disbursements  oif  the  Chief  and  Under 
Secretariea  Offices  and  Apartments,  and 
other  Public  Offices  in  Dublin  Castle,  &c. 
and  for  Riding  Charges  and  other  Ex- 
penses of  the  Deputy  Pursuivants  and 
Messengers  atttendiug  the  said  Offices ; 
and  also  superannuated  Allowances  in 
the  Chief  Secretary's  Office  ;  for  one 
year,  ending  5th  Jan.  1833    

Expense  of  publishing  Proclamations,  and 
oUier  matters  of  a  public  nature,  in  the 
Dublin  Gazette,  and  other  Newspapers 
in  Ireland  for  the  same  time 

Expense  of  Criminal  Prosecutions,  and 
other  Law  Expenses  in  Ireland;  for  the 
same  time » 

Expense  of  apprehending  Public  Offenders 
in  Ireland ;  for  the  same  time   •• 

Salaries  of  the  Lottery  Officers  in  Ireland ; 
for  one  year,  ending  the  34th  day  of 
June  1833 

Retired  Allowances  to  several  late  Govern- 
ors of  the  House  of  Industry,  Dublin ; 
for  two  years,  ebding  the  5th  Jan.  1833 

Expense  of  the  Police  and  Watch  Estab- 
lishments of  the  City  of  Dublin  ;  for  one 
year,  ending  the  £th  Jao.  1833 

Allowances  due  to  the  several  Persons  who 
have  been  temporarily  appointed  to  per- 
form the  duties  of  the  Prothonotary, 
Clerk  of  the  Rules,  Filacer,  Clerk  of  the 
Pleadings,  and  Chirographer  of  the  Court 

^  of  Common  Pleas,  in  Ireland,  and  of  their 
several  Clerks  and  Assistants,  as  specified 
in  an  Act  of  the  last  Session,  for  regulate 
ing  Proceedings  in  tlie  Courts  of  I^w  in 
IreUnd 

Expenses  of  the  Board  of  the  Directors  and 
Officers,  and  of  the  maintenance  of  In- 
land Navigations ;  for  1833    

For  carrying  on  the  Works  at  the  Royal 
Harbour  of  Geor^  the  Fourth,  at  King's 

Town  (formerly  Dunleary)    ,.... 

Salaries  of  the  Commissioners  appointed  to 
inquire  into  the  Duties,  Salaries  and 
Emoluments  of  the  Officers,  Clerks  and 
Ministers  of  Justice,  In  all  Temporal 
and  Ecclesiastical  Courts  in  Ireland ;  for 
one  year*  endipg  the  5th  Jao.  1623  .. 


3,033    0    0 

8,000    0    0 

16,154    0    0 


17,500  0  0. 

7,000  0  0 

33^000  0  0 

1,500  0  0 

1,449  19  4 

1,S00  0  0 

38|000  0  0 


3,093  6  3 

3,500  0  0 

30,000  0  0 

7,300  0  0 


933    1    ei 


11,060  16    1} 


13,118  0  I) 

6,374  U  5} 

83,000  0  0 

139  4  71 

1,346  5} 

1,015  7  H 

38,000  0  0 


Digitized  by 


3,093  6  3 
3,^00  0  0 
18,4^1  10    9i 

4^    I    6 

Google 


aSM      AWHI/AL   ftB<*I«TEIl,   1823. 


s|^^;vuw» 


Exp<fenM  of  the  RfDyal  Irish  Atademjr;  ^ 
the  8Miie  time ..••....,.....•••'••••••• 

Expense  of  the  CommisBioners  of  ChaHU^ 
hie  DeBfttioDs  and  Bequests ;  for  the  same 
time ••••• 

Expense  of  Kuildfng  Chuwhes  and  Glebe 
Houses,  and  of  purchasing  Glebes  in  Ire^ 
land ;  for  the  same  time ••«•»» 

Expense  of  the  Qommissioners  for  making 
wide  and  convenient  Streets  in  Dublin  ; 
for  the  same  time   t..-* 

Expense  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Linen  and 
Hempen  Man^tures,  for  one  year, 
ending  the  i»th  Jan.  1B23,  to  be  by  the 
said  lYustees  applied  in  such  manner,  as 
Bhall  appear  Ul  them  to  be  most  con- 
ducive to  promote  and  encourage  the 
said  Manufactures  in  Ireland 

Additional  Allowance  to  the  Chairman  of 
the  deaid  of  Inland  Navigation  in  Ire- 
land ;  for  one  year,  ending  the  5th  Jan< 
1823 r-.- 

Expense  of  the  House  of  Industry,  Hospi- 
tals, and  Asylum  for  Industrious  Children 
U  Dublin ;  for  the  same  time   ....» 

Expense  of  Uie  Richmond  Lunatic  Asylum 
in  Dublin ;  for  the  same  time    

Expense  of  the  Female  Orphan  House,  in 
the  Circular  Rpad  near  Dublin ;  for  the 
same  time....j>^ 

Expense  of  the  Westmoriand  Lock  Hospital 
in  Dublin ;  for  the  same  time   

Expense  of  the  Lying-in-Hospital  in  Dab; 
lin ;  for  the  same  time   • •*..'. 

Expense  of  Doctor  Stevens's  Hospital  I  for 
tne  same  time  , f 

Expense  of  the  Fever  Hospital  and  House 
of  Recovery  in  Cork-steet,  Dublin ;  for 
the  same  time  , 

Expense  of  the  Hospital  for  Incurables  in 
Dublin;  for  one  year,  ending  the  5th 
Jan.  1823 ..• 

'Expense  of  the  Protestant  Charter  Schools 
oflrslaiid;  for  the  same  time  

Expense  of  the  Foundling  Hospital  in  Duh- 
Im ;  for  the  same  time 

Expense  of  the  association  incorporated  for 
uiscountenanciag  Vice,  and  promoting 
the  knowledge  and  practice  of  the  Chris- 
tian Religion  In  Ireland ;  for  the  sa^ne 
Ume  ,....• 

Expense  of  the  ISociety  for  promoting  the 
Education  of  the  Poor  in  Ireland ;  for  the 
same  time • 

For  enabling  the  lord-lieutenant  of  Ireland 
10  \$tm  Money,  ^m  time  to  Ume|  ia  aid 


SUMS 
Voted  orqr9li|f4. 


300  0  0 

500  Q  0 

9fi30  0  0 

lOjm  0  0 


19,933  9  2f 

276  18  5i 

IQfiOO  0  0 

6,000  0  0 

2,347  0  0 

9,692  0  0 

2,800  0  0 

1,400  0  0 

3,692  0  0 

300  0  0 

17/M)0  0  0 

60,000  0  0 

6^464  0  0 

10,000  0  0 


SUMS 

FaM. 


5O0  0   0 

9,230  0   0 

10,000  0   0 

19,938  9   3{ 

276  18   5} 

13,846  3   Oi 

5,000  0   0 

2,347  0   0 

9.699  0   0 

2,800  0    0 

1,400  0    0 

3,692  0   0 

300  0    0 

17,000  0  0 

30,000  0   0 

6,464  0   0 

8|307  I)  i<) 


Digitized  by 


Google 


APPBNPW  TO  omvONICI,?,       Wi 


sEvnc^^ 


of  Scbooifl  established  by  Voluntary  ^on- 

tribations .j^ ,...„ 

Expense  of  the  ■Vbernlan  Society  for  Sol- 
diers Children ;  for  the  same  time..., 

Expense  of  the  Hibernian  Marine  Society 

in  Dublin;  for  the  same  time , 

Expense  of  the  Establishment  of  the  Reman 
Catholic  Seminary  in  Ireland;  for  the 

same  time • , 

Exnense  of  the  Royal  Cork  Institution ;  for 

the  same  time 4 , 

Expense  of  the  Royal  Dublin  Society  j  for 

ue  same  time  ..^ ♦ 

Expense  of  the  Farming  Society  of  Ireljind ; 

wr  the  same  tima , 

To  pay  off  and  disqharge  Exchequer  Qills, 
aa4  that  th%  samo  be  issued  and  applied 
towards  paying  o^  and  discharging  any 
£zcbei|uer  BilU  charged  on  the  Aids  or 
?tfDplies  of  the  years  1818,  18t9,  1820, 
1821,  and  1823,  now  remaining  unpaid 
or  unprovided  for  .m.s^.29,000,000  0  0 
To  pay  off  and  discharge 
Exchequer  Bills  issued 
pursuant  to  several  Acts 
of  the  57th  and  58th  0^ 
his  late  Majesty,  and  one 
Act  of  the  1st  of  his  pre- 
sfuit  Miyeaty,  fiir  autho- 
rising the  issue  of  Exche- 
quer fiiUf,  for  the  carry. 
»ng  on  Public  Works  and 
Fisheries  in  the  United 
Kingdom ;  and  for  build- 
iogi  aad  promoting  the 
Building,   of  additional 
Churches,  over  and  above 
the  amount  granted  in 
the  two  last  Ses«ons  of 
^liamant,  for  thedia* 
^rge  of  the  Exchequer 
Bills  issued  under  the  two 


SUMS 
Paid. 


first-mentioned  Acts 


263,150  Q  0 


To 


«•  d. 


7«60Q  0  0 

liWO  Q  9 

6.646  3  I 

t,000  0  0 

7,000  Q  0 

«fW  0  0 


pav  off  and  diacharg 
in 


29,263,150    0    0 


^n»h  Treasury  Bills 
charged  upon  the  Aids  ar 
SuppiJetof  the  year  1822, 
^tstandmg  and  ui^r»- 

Wdedfor  , 1,000,000  0  0 

Towards  paying  off'ond  dis- 
charging Treasury  Bilte 
issued  in  Ireland,  in  the 
yf^  ended  the  M\  day 
of  Jan.  1822,  to  make 
Opd  to  tiK  fovemor  and 


^ijfm^lBO   0   9 


Q 


Digitized  by 


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226     ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1823. 


SERVICES. 


coiApany  of  .the  Bank  of 
Ireland,  the  8um  remain- 
ing unpaid  to  the  sud  go- 
vernor and  company,  on 
the  Uthof  July,  1821, 
on  account  of  money  ad- 
vanced l^y  them  under  an 
act  of  the  1st  year  of  the 
reign  of  his  present  Ma- 
jesty, for  the  assistance  of 
Trade  and  Mauufiictures 
in  Ireland,  hy  authoris- 
ing the  advance  of  cer- 
tain sums  for  the  Sup« 
port  of  Commercial  Cre- 
dit there  105,181  9  4f 


SUMS 
Voted  or  Granted. 


of- 


d. 


SUMS 
Paid. 


1,105,181    9    4| 


51,029,437    8    3f 


1,105,181    9  4} 


41,685,079  W  H 


PAYMENTS  FOR  OTHER  SERVICES, 

Not  being  part  of  the  Supplies  granted  for  the  Service  of  the  Year. 


SomtPakl 
to  5tli  JuKiary,  IMS. 


William  Rose  Haworth,  esq.  on  his  salary 
for  additional  trouble  in  preparing  Ex- 
chequer Bills,  pursuant  to  Act  48  Geo.  3, 


c.  1. 


Grosvenor  Charles  Bedford,  esq.  his  Suc- 
cessor    • 

Rxpenses  in  the  Office  of  the  Commissioners 
tor  the  Reduction  of  the  National  Debt 

Expenses  in  the  Office  of  the  Commissioners 
for  building  additional  Churches,  per 
Act  58  Geo.  3,  c.  45 

Expenses  in  the  Office  of  the  Commissioners 
for  issuing  Commercial  Exchequer  Bills 

Expenses  in  the  Office  of  the  Commissioners 
for  inquiring  into  the  Collection  and  Ma- 
nagement of  the  Revenue  in  Ireland 

Ban]c  of  England,  for  Management  on  Life 
Annuities 

Expenses  in  the  Office  of  the  Commissioners 
tor  the  Redemption  of  the  Laod'tax... 


£.  8.  d. 

150  0  0 

5,400  0  0 

3,000  0  0 

3,000  0  0 

8,000  0  0 

1,827  15  7* 


of.      *.  '• 

50    0   0 
9,850    0  0 


9,413  It  H 


Digitized  by 


Google 


APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.         227 


For  defraying  the  Charges  of  preparing  and 
drawing  the  Lotteries  for  I8«,  &c ^ 

Repayment  of  Annuities  claimed  pursuant 
to  Act  56  Geo.  3,  c.  142 


SdinaPaid 
to  5th  JuMury,  1883. 


Total  Payments  for  Services  not  voted  , 
Amount  of  Sums  votftd  as  above.......... 


s.   d. 


31  10    0 


31,409    6    7i 


Total  Sums  voted,  and  Payments  for  Services  not  voted.. 


EfUnuted  flurther  Mii- 


17,000    0    0 


31,813  13  11 
31,409    5    7i 


43,323  18    6| 
51,639,437    8    3| 


51,673,660    6  10{ 


WAYS  AND  MEANS 
for  answering  the  foregoing  Services. 

Duty  on  Sugar,  Tobacco  and  Snuff,  Foreign  Spirits  and  Sweets, 
and  on  Pensions,  Offices,  &c 

Krdse  Duty  on  Tea,  per  Act  59  Geo.  3,  c.  53 

Profitoof  Lotteries,  estimated  at    

Monies  to  arise  from  the  Sale  of  Old  Naval  and  Victualling 
Stores, 


h»n  per  Act  3  Geo.  4,  c.  73,  from  tbe  Commissioners  for  the 
Reduction  of  the  National  Debt 

Trustees  for  the  Payment  of  Naval  and  Military  Pensions,  and 
Civil  Superannuations,  per  Act  3  Geo.  4,  c.51 

East  India  Company,  per  Act  3  Geo.  4,  c.93  

l/flclaimed  Dividends,  &c.,  after  deducting  Repayments  to  the 
Bank  of  England,  for  Deficiencies  of  Balance  in  their  hands 

Interest  on  Land  Tax  redeemed  by  Money 

I>o.  Stock     , 

voluntary  Contributions,  per  Act  3  Geo.  4,  c.  37 

Repayments  on  account  of  Exchequer  Bills  issued  pursuant  to 
two  Acts  of  tbe  57th  year  of  his  late  Majesty,  for  carrying  on 
Public  Works  and  Fisheries  in  the  United  Kingdom 


Cxdiequer  Bills  voted  in  Ways  and  Means ;  viz. 

3  Geo.  4.  c.  8 ^.20,000,000  0  0 

3  Geo.  4,0.122  16,500,000  0  0 


Total  Ways  and  Means    

Total  Sums  voted,  and  Payments  for 
Services  not  voted 


Surplus  Ways  and  Means.. 


£.  s.  d. 

3,000,000  0  O 

1,500,000  0  0 

200,000  0  0 

151,000  0  0 

7.500,000  0  0 

2,450,000  0  0 

508,617  0  0 

1,666  5  1 

52  2  9{ 

6.000  0  0 

15,780  10  0 


183,500    0    0 


15,5]6»615  17  111 


36,500,000  0  0 


52,016,615  17  Hi 
51,672,660   «  10| 


343,955  11     1 


Afoii.— Tlic  sum  of  4|000,000/.  was  authorized  by  Act  3  Geo.  4,  c.  127,  to  be  ap- 
plied out  of  the  Wuy^  and  Menus  granted  for  the  Service  of  tlie  year  1821,  and 
the  like  Sum  was  granted  out  of  the  Ways  and  Means  1822,  to  discharge  the 
like  amount  of  Sapplies  for  the  Service  of  the  year  1821. 

Q  2 


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298       ANNUAL    REGISTER,    18Sd. 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.        22» 

An  Acoount  of  the  State  of  the  Public  Funded  Debts  of  Gbeat 
Britain  and  Irbland^  and  of  the  CHAftOB  thereupon  at  the  5th 
of  January,  1823,  including  the  Dtbt  created  hy  7,500,00(W.  raised 
in  1822. 

CHARGE. 


CAtiti 


CAPTTALS. 


CApfrALS 
UNKEDKEMEa 


<K  GRfiAT  BRITAIN. 

Debt  due  to  the  Swrtk  S«il  ^  r*^m,»^ 

CompaDy ..*...,r**-^  »*' V^ 

dd  Soath  Sea  Ahnoities  ..    ..    Do.        . 
New  SoQlh  Sea  Annnities  ••     ••   Do. 
Sovdi  Sea  Annoides,  1751   '..        Do. 


£. 


*.    d. 


Debt  doe  to  the  ^nk  of  Eoiteid  Do 


B«ak  Annoities,  created  b  1 
Con«>Udated  Aoirailiat 


Do. 
Do. 
Do. 


Total  at  £.3  per  ceot   .. 

at  £.3}  )>vr  cent 
ConMlidtted  Amntities        £A       Do. 

I^ew  £.4  per  cent  Annoities 

^.d  per  centa  1797  and  16oe » 


3>062,7M    « 

•,795.«70  « 
S,2I9«330  "ft 
735.600  0 
l^fiadfiOO  0 
1,000,000  0 
„  .176.l>*3,l7l8  18 
».  136421>0dd  19 


Great  Britiih  •««• 

IN  IRfiLANt). 

(In  British  CMreiky.) 

Debt  doe  to  the  Btak  or  I^TanO,  A  1(4 
per  ornt 

Do Do.       at  £«6  Do^ 

£-3|  per  cent  l>Gbeti(urcs  and  Stock  • . . 
iP.4  pCT  cent  Do.  Do.        • 

M^  £.%  pir  vefli  Dto.  Dob 


540,407*338  12    1 

16,^,440  14 

74,Ji62j5W  12 

147,SOOJI)6b    a 

t.013>Kill  12 


7r9.94<M56l  « II 


1,615,3&I  12 

1^015^84  12 
20/466,788  9 
Xfi2\jSQ0  10 
9,ti5d,385    8 


53,000    0 
11,000    0 


li^l  19  to 
10,cap,2«6  Id  5 
2/910,969    1    3J  133,411  >1 11  18    5 


3,G62,784 

4«63B,870 

3>  166.330 

724,600 

lfi686.800 

fpK.358 

,775.886 


5  3Wti 


8    6 

2  7 
2  10 
0  O 
0  O 
0  2 
2    1 


13,402,497  ir    6 

197,700  0 
lltt,lS4  14 
199JJ99  IS 


0 

3 

5 

«.060    5  11 


13,023^542  U    1  ^66;0(r,0^    1  lO 


Irelnd....^.......^  33,T80;I73  12  li 


I  ■       i 


,135    510 


7.827,841  13  10 
1<)3/I38    9    3 


527,064,740  14  7 

l6/)98,740  14  2 

74.8434160  18  1 

Ii7,001.a68    8  r 

1,008,608    6  5 


1.915.384  12  4 

1,015.381  12  4 

12,638,896  15  5 

86l,^«2     1  1 

9.658.385  8  8 


74X)M80    »    t  85,ta9,2#3    9  10 


21,914iia«2  14    8  791.806,312  11    8 


■:V«<e.->TlIE  abore  Columns,  1  &  2,  ihow  the  Totals 
or    Debt    for  the   United   KingiJuin,    alter 
dedoctios;  the  Stock  directed  to  be  cancelled 
V'     hy  variotu  Acts  of  Parliament ;  viz. 
To  provide  for  the  Charge  of  Loaus,  and  by  re- 
demption of  Land  Tax,  at  the  5th  Jannary, 

1822     

Directed  to  be    cancelled  by  Aets  of  Ifac  Year 
1822,  to   provide  for  the  Chai^ 
and  Naval    Peosions  and  f 
Ibr  Interest  of  Dnredeemud 
locorporated  with  Great  Britain 
CbarKe  of  Sinking  Food  Loan,  1829 
Por  Redcmpcion  of  Land  Tax ...••, 


s.  d. 


10e,CC7.572  0  0  3  per  cts. 
5,078.000  0  0  3i  per  cts. 


107,305,572  0  0 

90,935  7  6  3  per  cts. 


STOCK. 


£.  s.  d. 

352,035,839  14    5 


107,396,507  t  6 


159,432,347  1  11 


Digitized  by  Vj^^VJV  IC 


230     ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1823. 


PUBLIC  FUNDED  DEBT  (amtinuedj. 


CHARGE. 


laOtMtlMtaia, 

Ulntaad. 

laBritMCMfMcy. 

TotilAaMa 

^  AnimtlOwnt* 

/^  Expired  Annuities 

\  Exchequer  Ufe  Annaides,  Un- 

«.«-   1     claimed  and  Expired 

SSJ  <  P«-  Ce"«>«*  «»  Capitelii  crealed 
*™'***     J    by  Loam  •••.•.••••••• 

£.      4.  d. 

1,900,000    0    0 
79i880  14    6 

51,099   3   1 

11,501,877  16    8 

4!l,9ee  16    6 
11,798    T^  0 

£.      *.  d, 

08,445    5    7 
66,616    6    6 

266,441  11    8 
880,507  19  11 

£.      #.  A 

/Annua)    lutcmt  on   btock    re 

f     deemed »•••• 

^LoniAiumiiltt  

13,«70,538  18    3 

676fill    3    8 

-^                 m     l)eht. ..••••••••••>•••••••• 

25,899.685  15    0 
l,347,63r  11    8 

88,944  10    5 
35^1    T    9 

g?8,531    1  11 
7,ier  10    9 

N        Doliiii  lift  AmwUet 

MMUoemeaC     ....*>.•. .k.-aaaaa*****!**** 

26,711,669    4    4 
888,388  19  10 

985^58  18    8 
660    0    0 

S6,99*»058    4    8 

906,318  18    8 

The  Tnirtcea  of  MlUUry  and  Nawl  PeMlont 
and  Civil  Soperaninationt 

40,S6*,59r    8    5 
2,800,000    0    0 

1,668,389  16    4 

414>«6i0«5  »  9 

Total  United  Kingdom.... 

43/)64,597    8    5 

1,668,380  16    4 

44»786,9»  IS  9 

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APPENDIX  TO  CB^RONICLE.         231 


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230      ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1823. 


PUBLIC  FUNDED  DEBT  (cmiimedj. 


CHARGE. 


Sinkii 


inkiae 


,  AnmialOraiits... ..• 

Expired  AnodUes 

^Exchequer  Lite  Annoities,  Uii- 

I     claimed  and  Expired 

Per  Centag?  on  CapitalB  created 
\    by  lioatu  •••••••••••••••••• 

r  Annual    Interest  on   btock   re 


"  Long  Anotdtka 


>  to  tlic  1 1 
ubttc  <\ 
Niitor.   i' 


laOmtBtitaia, 
inchidiBf 
Ptortasd. 


iBBritkliCwfMcy. 


£.      4.  d 

1,900.000    0  0 

79i08O  14  6 

51.099    3 

11,501,877  16  8 

421  .gee  16  6 

11,798    T  ' 


13.e70.538  18    3 


'  Annaal  Intereit  on  Unredeemed 

^ISJ*^^  L^^AirowiVxpi^'iaeo! 

c^SL     i  LuS^  Annoitie..  payable  at  the 

Creditor.    I     Exchequer 

Do       IrUiLlfe 


Management 


The  Tnirtcea  of  MUlUry  and  Naval  Pendona 
and  Civil  Soperaninatione 


Total  United  Kingdom  •#• 


£.  i.  d. 
6^16  6  6 


266.441  11  8 
S80.5or  19  11 


676/)ll  3  8 


S5.e99i6S5  15    0       978,531    1  11 
l|S47,63r  11    e 


e8.944  10    5 
35^1    7    9 


26.711.669    4    4 
19  10 


86.994,098    4    £ 


40,26»,597    «    5 
8,800.000    0    0 


43/)64,997    e    5 


7,127  10    9 


985,698  le    8 
660   O   0 


986,318  13    8 


1,|66S,3S9  16    4 


1/^,3S0  16    4 


TotilABmni 


#.  tf. 


41i»e6,9tf»  9 
2,000.000   0  « 


44;7S6|9S6I8  9 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.         231 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.        233 


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234     ANNUAL  HEGISTER,  181^3. 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE. 


235 


PUBLIC  GENERAL  ACTS 

Passed  in  the  Fourth  Session  of  tKe  Seventh  Parliament  ^of  the 
United  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland^d  and  4  OEOm 
ir.  1823. 


I.  AN  Act  to  indemnify  such  Persons 
in  the  United  Kingdom  as  have  omit- 
ted to  qualify  themselves  for  offices 
and  emjdoyments,  and  for  extending 
the  time  limited  for  those  purposes 
respectively,  until  the  25th  day  of 
March,  1834 ;  to  permit  such  persons 

'■  in  Great  Britain  as  have  omitted  to 
make  and  file  affidavits  of  the  execu- 
tion of  indentures  of  clerks  to  attor* 
Beys  and  solicitors,  to  make  and  file 
the  same  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of 
Hilary  Term  1824 ;  and  to  allow  per- 
sons to  make  and  file  sudi  affidavits, 
although  the  persons  whom  they  serv- 
ed shall  have  neglected  ts  take  out 
their  annual  cerUficates.  (27  Feb- 
ruary, 1823.) 

II.  An  Act  to  amend  an  Act  of  the  last 
session  of  parliament,  for  regelating 
the  trade  between  his  miyesty's  pos- 
sessions in  America  and  the  west  In- 
dies and  other  parts  of  the  world. 
(7  March.) 

III.  An  Act  for  continuing  to  his  ma- 
jesty for  one  year  certain  duties  on 
sugar,  tobacco,  and  snufi*,  foreign 
spirits,  and  sweets,  in  Great  Britain ; 
and  on  pensions,  offices,  and  personal 
estates  m  England ;  and  for  receiving 
the  contributions  of  persons  receiving 
pensions  and  holding  offices ;  for  the 
service  of  the  year  1823.    (7  March. ) 

IV.  An  Ace  for  raising  the  sum  of  twen- 
ty millions  by  exchequer  bills  for  the 
service  of  the  year  1823.    (7  March.) 

V«  An  Act  to  render  valid  certain  mar- 
riages.   (7  March.) 

VI.  An  Act  for  applving  certain  monies 
therein  mentioned  for  the  service  of 
the  year  1823.    (19  March.) 

VII.  An  Act  to  regulate  the  appoint- 
ment  and  swearing  into  office  of  the 
chancellor  of  the  exchequer  of  Ire* 
land.    (19  March.) 

VlUt  An  Act  to  continue  UDtU  the  25tli 


day  of  July,  1824,  and  from  thence  to 
the  end  <k  the  then  next  session  of 
parliament,  an  Act  made  in  the  fifty- 
fourth  year  of  his  late  majesty,  for 
rendering  the  payment  of  creditors 
more  equal  and  expeditious  in  Scot* 
land.    (19  March.) 

IX.  An  Act  to  rep^  the  rates,  duties, 
and  taxes  payable  in  respect  of  male 
servants,  horses,  carriages^  and  dogs, 
in  Ireland.    (19  March.) 

X.  An  Act  to  rectify  a  mistake  in  an 
Act,  intituled,  '<an  Act  for  making 
and  maintaining .  certain  roads  and 
bridges  in  the  counties  of  Lanark 
and  Dumbarton,"  in  so  far  as  relates 
to  the  application  of  certain  exche- 
quer bills  therein  mentioned.  (19 
March.) 

XI.  An  Act  for  repealing  certain  of  the 
duties  of  assessed  taxes ;  for  reduc* 
ing  certain  other  of  the  said  duties  ; 
and  for  relieving  persons  who  have 
compounded  for  the  same.  (19  March .) 

XII.  An  Act  for  the  regulating  of  his 
majesty's  royal  marine  ibrces  while 
on  shore.    (24  March.) 

XIII.  An  Act  for  punishing  mutiny  and 
desertion;  and  for  the  better  pay^ 
ment  of  the  army  and  their  quarters* 
(24  March.) 

XIV.  An  Act  to  continue  for  five  years, 
and  from  thence  until  the  end  of  the 
then  next  session  of  parliament,  two 
Acts  made  in  the  forty-seventh  and 
fiftieth  years  of  the  reign  of  his  Jattt 
majesty  King  George  the  Third,  for 
the  prevcnUng  improper  persons 
from  having  arms  in  Ireland.  (24 
March.) 

XV.  An  Act  to  continue  for  five  years, 
and  from  thence  untU  the  end  of 
the  then  next  session  of  parliament, 
and  to  amend  the  laws  relating  to 
Yeomanry  corps,  in  Ireland.  (24 
March.) 


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236      ANNUAL  RfiGISTEU,   1823. 


XVI.  An  Act  to  explain  so  much  of  the 
general  Turnpike  Act,  as  relates  to 
the  toll  payable  on  carriages  laden 
with  lime  for  the  improvemeni  of 
land.    (24  March.) 

XVII.  An  Act  to  repeal  certain  provi- 
sions of  an  Act  passed  in  the  third 
year  of  his  present  majesty,  intituled, 
''an  Act  to  amend  certain  provisions 
of  the  twenty-sixth  of  Georg^e  tb% 
Beeond,  for  the  better  preventing  of 

•    clattdB8tinetnarriageB.>>    ^26  March.) 

XVIII.  An  Act  concerning  the  dispo- 
sition of  certain  property  of  his  ma- 
iesfy,  his  heirs  and  successors.    (26 

XIX.  An  Act  for  further  regulating  the 
reduction  of  the  national  debt.  (26 
March.) 

.XX.  An  Act  ir«r  fixing  the  rates  of  sub- 
sistence to  be  paid  to  inn-keepers  and 
J  hers  on  quartering  soldiers.  (2 
ay.) 
.  An  Act  for  granting  and  anplying 
certain  sums  of  money  for  the  ser- 
viced the  year  1823.  (2  May.) 
XXII.  An  Act  to  confirm  an  agreement 
entered  into  hy  the  trustees  under  an 
Act  of  the  last  session  of  parliament, 
for  apportioning  the  burthen  occa- 
sioned by  the  military  and  naval  pen- 
sions, and  civil  superannuations,  with 
the  governor  and  company  of  the 
Bank  of  Enghmd. 
^bUtl.  An  Act  to  consolidate  the  se- 
veral boards  of  Customs,  and  also 
tlje  "  several  boards  of  ISxcise,  of 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  (2  May.) 
XXtV.  An  Act  to  make  more  efibctual 
provision  for  permitting  goods  im- 
ported to  be  secured  in  Warehouses, 
Sr  other  places,  without  payment  of 
uty  on  the  first  entry  thereof.    (12 

XXV.  An  Act  for  regulating  the  num- 
ber of  apprentices  to  be  taken  on 
board  British  merchaut  vessels ;  and 
for  preventing  the  desertion  of  sea- 

.   men  therefrom.    (12  May.) 

XXVI.  An  Act  to  repeal  the  duties  on 
certain  articles,  and  to  provide  for 
the  gradual  discontinuance  of  the 
dutres  on  certain  other  .articles,  tlie 
raanu&cture  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland  respectively,  on  their  impor- 
tation into  either  country  from  the 
olherw    (25May.) 

XXVI  I.  An  Act  to  amend  ap  Act  pass- 
ed in  the  seventh  year  of  the  reign  of 
his  Ute  majesty  King  George  the 
Third,   respecting    justices   of  tlic 


quorum  in  cities  and  towns  oorpoiate. 
(23  May.) 

XXVIII.  An  Act  for  the  more  speedy 
reddction  of  the  number  of  seijeants, 
corporals,  and  drummers  in  the  mili- 
tia of  Ireland,  when  not  in  actual  ser- 
vice.   (23  May.) 

XXIX.  An  Act  to  increase  the  power 
of  magistrates,  in  cases  of  Appren- 
ticeships.   (23  May.) 

XXX.  An  Act  to  regulate  the  iinporia- 
tion  ahd  exportation  of  ccirtain  arti- 
cles subject  to  duties  of  esriak,  and 
certain  other  articles  the  produce  or 
mami&cture  of  Great  Britam  and 
Ireland  respectively,  into  and  from  , 
either  country  fh>m  and  to  the  other. 
(30  May.) 

XXXI.  An  Act  to  amend  an  Act  passed 
in  the  nineteenth  year  of  the  reigii  of 
his  late  nuyesty  King  (jeoige  the 
Second,   intituled,    *^  an    Act  more 

.  effectually  to  prevent  nrofiine  cnrang 
and  swearing.''      (30  May.) 

XXXII.  An  Act  for  the  amendment  of 
the  laws  respecting  charitable  loan 
societies  in  Ireland.    (^  May.) 

XXXIII.  An  Act  to  make  more  ctfect- 
ual  regulations  for  the  election,  ind 
to  secure  the  performance  of  the  du- 
ties, of  county  treasurers  in  Ireland, 
(30  May.) 

XXXIV.  An  Act  to  enlarge  the  powws 
of  justices  in  determining  complaints 
between  masters  and  servants,  and 
between  masters,  appreiitices,  arti- 

.  Ticers,  and  others.    (17  .^une.) 

XXXV.  An  Act  to  enable  u-ustees  or 
commissioners  under  acts  of  parlis- 
menl  to  meet  and  carry  such  arts 
into  execution,  although  they  may 
not  have  met  according  to  the  direc- 
tions of  such  acts.    (27  June.) 

^XVI.  An  Act  to  diBconrage  the 
granting  of  leases  in  joint  tenancy  in 
Ireland.    (27  Jime.) 

iXXVlI.  An  Act  to  amend  an  Act  for 
<he  more  speedy  return  and  Icvyiuf 
of  fines,  penalties^  and  forfeitures, 
and    recognizaiices   estreated.     (27 

.    June.) 

XXXVm.  An  Act  for  setding  the  com- 
pensation to  the  holders  of  certain 
offices  in  the  courts  of  law  in  Irelod, 
abolished  under  an  act  passed  in  the 
first  and  second  years  of  \he  reis;"  <* 
his  present  injyesty,  for  reguiating 

,   the  ^me.    (27  June.) 

XXXIX.  Aft  Act  to  continue  an  Act  of 
the  Inst  session -of  parliament  for  alj 
lowing  a  drawbadc  of  the  whole  ot 


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APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE.        337 


;  the  duties  of  customs  on  brimstone 
used  and  consumed  in  Great  Britain 
In  the  maUng  and  preparing  oil  of 
vitriol  or  sulphuric  acid.    (27  June.) 

XL,  An  Act  to  amend  several  Acts  for 
the  regulation  of  the  linen  and 
hempen  manu&ctures  in  Scotland. 
(S7  June.) 

XLI.  An  Act  for  the  registering  of  ves- 
sels.   (^June.) 

XLI  I.  An  Act  to  amend  several  Acts 
lor  the  assistance  of  trade  and  manu- 
iactures.  and  the  support  of  commer- 
cial credit  in  Ireland.    (27  June). 

XLIII.  An  Act  to  regulate  the  amount 
of  presentments'  by  grand  juries,  for 
payment  of  the  public  officers  of  the 
several  counties  in  Ireland.  (27  June.) 

XLIV-  An  Act  to  repeal  the  duties  and 
drawbacks  on  Barilla  imported  into 
the  United  Kingdom,  and  to  grant 
other  duties  and  drawbacks  in  lieu 
thereof.    (27  June.) 

XLV.  An  Act  for  allowing  persons  to 
compound  for  their  assessed  taxes  for 
tlie  remainder  of  the  periods  of  com- 

rition  limited  bv  former  acts ;  and 
giving  relief  in  certain  cases 
therein  mentioned.    (4  July.) 

XLVI.  An  Act  for  repealing  Uie  capital 
punishments  inflicted  by  several  Acta 
of  the  sixth  and  twenty-seventh  years 
of  King  George  the  Second,  and  of 
the  third,  fourth,  and  twenty-second 
years  of  King  George  the  Third ;  and 
for  providing  other  punishments  in 
lieu  thereof,  and  in  lieu  of  the  pu- 
nishment of  frame-breaking  under  an 
Act  of  the  twenty-eighth  year  of  the 
same  reign.    (4  July.) 

XLVI  I.  An  Act  for  authorizing  the  em* 
ployment  at  labour,  in  the  colonies, 
of  male  convicts  under  sentence  of 
transportation.    (4  July.) 

XLVIII.  An  Act  for  enabling  courts  to 
abstain  from  pronouncing  sentence  of 
death  in  certain  capital  felonies.  (4 
July.) 

XL1X.  An  Act  for  regulating  turnpike 
roads  in  that  part  of  Great  Britain 
called  Scotland. 

L»  An  Act  for  the  rebuilding  of  London 
Bridge,  and  for  improving  andtna- 
king  suitable  approaches  thereto.  (4 
July.) 

LI.  An  Act  to  encourage  the  consump- 
tion of  beer ;  and  to  amend  the  laws 
for  securing  the  excise  duties  thereon. 
(8  July.) 

LI  I.  An  Act  to  alter  and  amend  the  law 
relating  to  the  ipterment  of  the  re- 


mains of  any  person  found  Felo  ^  le. 
(8  July.) 

LIII.  An  Act  for  extending  the  benefit 
of  clergy  to  several  larcenies  therein 
mentioned.    (8  July.) 

LIV.  An  Act  for  allowing  the  benefit  of 
cleigy  to  persons  convicted  of  certain 
felonies  under  two  Acts,  of  the  ninth 
year  of  King  Geoive  .the  First  and  of 
the  twenty-seventh  year  of  King 
George  the  Second  j  fbr  making  better 
provision  for  the  punishment  of  per- 
sons guilty  of  sending  or  delivering 
threatening  letters,  and  of  assaults 
with  intent  to  commit  robbery.  (8 
July.) 

LV.  An  Act  to  consoNdate  and  amend 
the  several  Acts  now  in  force,  so  ikr 
as  the  same  relate  to  the  electbn  and 
return  of  members  to  serve  in  parlla-* 
ment,  for  counties  of  cities  and  coun- 
ties of  towns  in  Ireland.    (8  July.) 

LVI.  An  Act  for  maintaining  in  repair 
the  military  and  parliamentary  roads 
and  bridges  in  the  Highlands  of  Scot- 
land, and  also  certain  ferry-piers  and 
shipping-quays  erected  by  the  coiii^ 
missioners  for  Highland  roads  and 
bridges.    (8  July.) 

LVII.  An  Act  to  defer  the  commence- 
ment of  the  duties  afid  drawbacks  on 
barilla,  under  an  Act  of  this  present- 
session  of  parliament.    (9  July, ) 

LVUI.  An  Act  to  continue,  until  the 
1st  Day  of  August,  1824,  an  Act, 
made  in  the  last  session  of  parlia- 
ment for  suppressing  insurrections 
and  'preventing  disturbances  of  tlie 
public  peace  in  Ireland.    (9  July.) 

LIX.  An  Act  to  defray  the  charge  of 
the  pay,  clothing,  and  contingent  and 
other  expenses  of  the  disembodied 
militia  in  Great  Britain  and  TreUind ; 
and  to  grant  allowances  in  certain 
cases  to  subaltern  officers,  acQutants, 
quartermasters,  surgeons,  assistant 
surgeons,  surgeons  mates,  and  ser-* 
jeant  m!^o)rs  of  militia,  until  the  2JHh 
day  of  March,  1824.    (9  July.) 

LX.  An  Act  for  gmntlng  to  his  mtjesty 
a  sum  of  money  to  be  raised  by  lots 
teries.    (9  July.) 

IXI.  An  Act  for  the  better  administra 
tion  of  justice  in  the  court  of  Chan- 
cery in  Ireland.    (10  July.) 

LXII.  An  Act  to  repeal  the  duties  upon 
horses  let  to  hire  for  thajiiirpose  of 
travelling  in  Great  BritJm,  and  to 
gr.int  other  duties  In  lieu  thereof; 
and  to  provide  for  letting  the  same  tQ 
fi^rm.    (10  July,) 


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238     ANNUAL  REGISTER,    1823. 


LXIII.  An  Act  to  authorize  the  ad- 
vance of  money  by  the  commissioners 
under  several  Acts  for  the  issue  of 
exchequer  bills  for  public  works,  for 
the  building,  rebuilding,  enlai*ging, 
or  repairing  of  gaols  in  England.  (10 
Julv.) 

LXIV.  An  Act  for  consolidating  and 
amending  the  laws  relating  to  the 
building,  repairing,  and  reffmating  of 
certain  gaols  and  houses  otcorrectioa 
in  England  and  Wales.    (10  July.) 

LXV.  An  Act  to  extend  two  Acts  of  his 
late  majesty,  for  distribution  of  prize 
money,  to  all  cases  of  capture  that 
have  been  made  by  foreign  ships  or 
land  forces  in  comnnction  with  his 
m^esty's  ships  or  land  forces.  (10 
Julv.) 

LXVf.  An  Act  to  authorize,  in  certain 
cases  the  reduction  of  the  duties,  pay- 
able in  Ireland,  and  the  alteration  of 
the  duties  and  drawbacks  on  the  im* 
portation  and  exportation  of  roods 
oetween  Great  Britain  and  Irdand. 
(10  July.) 

LKVII.  An  Act  to  declare  valid  certain 
marriages  that  have  been  solemnized 
at  St  Petersburg' since  the  abolition 
of  the  BriOsh  &ctory  there.  (10 
July.) 

IXYUL  An  Act  for  rectifving  mistakes 
in  the  names  of  the  land-tax  commis- 
sioners, and  for  appointing  additional 
commissionersyand  hidemnifying  such 
persons  as  have  acted  without  due 
authority  in  execution  of  the  Acts 
therein  recited.    (10  July.) 

UCIX.  An  Act  to  repe&l  certain  duties 
of  customs  in  Great  Britain,  and  to 
grant  other  duties  in  lieu  thereof;  to 
grant  certain  bounties  on  salted  pro- 
visions and  silk,  manufoctures  export- 
ed ;  and  to  make  more  effectual  regu- 
lations for  collecdng  the  duties  of 
customs.    (11  July.) 

LXX.  An  Act  for  the  better  administra- 
tion of  justice  in  the  equity  side  of 
the  court  of  exchequer  in  Ireland. 
(11  July.) 

LXXI.  An  Act  for  defraying  the  charge 
of  retiring  pay,  pensions,  and  other 
expences  of  that  nature,  of  his  ma- 
jesty's forces  serving  in  India ;  for 
establishing  the  pensions  of  the 
bishop,  ardideacons,  and  judges ;  for 
regulatiflg  ordinations ;  and  tor  esta- 
blishing a  court  of  judicature  at  Bom- 
bay.   (11  July.) 

UCXII.  An  Act  to  repeal  the  several 

'   duties   and  draivbacks    of  customs 


charffeable  and  allowaUe  in  Ireland, 
on  the  importation  and  exportation 
of  certain  foreien  and  colonial  goods, 
wares  and  merchandize,  and  to  grant 
other  duties  and  drawbacks  in  lieu 
thereof,  equal  to  the  duties  and  drav- 
backs  chargeable  and  allowable  there- 
on in  Great  Britain.    (11  July.) 

LXXIII.  An  Act  to  focilitate  tl)e  reco- 
very of  Damages  for  malicious  iigu- 
ries  to  property  in  Ireland.  (U 
July.) 

LXXIV.  An  Act  for  vesting  in  commis- 
sioners the  bridges  now  building  over 
the  Menai  Straito  and  the  river  Coo- 
way,  and  the  harbours  of  Howth  and 
Holyhead,  and  the  road  from  Dubrm 
to  Howth;  and  for  the  further  im- 
provement of  the  road  from  Loodoo 
to  Holyhead.    (11  July.) 

LXXV.  An  Act  for  enabling  his  mi^esty 
to  enclose  part  of  Kew  Green,  and 
for  dividing  and  extinguishing  rights 
of  common  over  certain  lands  in  the 
parish  of  Kew  in  the  county  of  Sorrsy. 
(11  July.) 

LXXVI.  An  Act  for  amending  the  Uws 
respecting  the  solemnization  of  mar- 
riages in  England.    ( 1 8  July.) 

LXXVII.  An  Act  to  authorize  his  ms- 
jesty,  under  certain  circumstances,  to 
regulate  the  duties  and  drawbacks  oa 
goods  imported  or  exported  in  foreign 
vessels ;  and  to  exempt  certain  foreign 
vessels  from  pilotage.    (18  July.) 

LXXVIII.  An  Act  to  grant  additionsl 
stamp  duties  on  certain  proceeding* 
in  the  court  of  chancery  and  in  tbe 
equity  side  of  the  court  of  exchequer 
in  Ireland.    (18  July.) 

LXXIX.  An  Act  for  building  additioaU 
places  of  worship  in  the  Highlsnds 
and  islands  of  Scotland.  (18  July.) 

LXXX.  An  Act  to  consolidate  and 
amend  the  several  laws  noir  in  force 
with  irespcct  to  trade  from  and  tn 
places  within  the  limits  of  the  charter 
of  the  East  India  Company,  and  to 
make  further  provisions  wiui  respccj 
to  such  trade  ;  and  to  amend  an  Act 
of  the  present  session  of  parlianie^ 
for  the  registering  of  vessels,  to  or 
as  it  relates  to  vessels  registered  m 
India.    (18  July.)  . 

LXXXI.  An  Act  to  consolidate  sni 
amend  the  laws  for  punishing  mutiny 
and  desertion  of  officers  and  solaterf 
in  the  service  of  the  East  India  Com- 
pany ;  and  to  authorize  soldiers  snd 
sailors  in  the  East  Indies  to  send  and 
receive  letters  at  a  reduced  r»teoi 
postage.    (18 July.), 

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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.        233 


LXXXn.  An  Act  to  authorize  for  one 
year,  and  from  thence  to  the  end  of 
the  then  next  session  of  parliament, 
the '  temporary  removal  of  convicts 
from  the  general  penitentiary.    (18 
July.) 
IXXXIII.  An  Act  for  the  hettcr  pro- 
tection of  the  property  of  merchants 
and  others,  who  may  hereafter  enter 
into  contracts  or  agreements  in -re- 
lation to  goods,  wares,  or  merchan- 
dises intrusted  to  (actors  or  agents. 
(18  July.) 
LXXXIV.  An  Act  to  repeal  the  laws 
for  regelating  vessels  carrying  pas- 
sengers from  the  United  Kingdom  to 
foreign  parts,  and  to  make  other  pro- 
visions in  lieu  thereof.    (18  July.)- 
LXXXV.  An  Act  for  empowering  com- 
missioners, to  be  appointed  by  his 
mi^esty,  to  inquire  mto  the  forms  of 
process  in  the  courts  of  law  in  Scot- 
land, and  the  cause  of  appeals  from 
the  court  of  sessions  to  the  House  of 
Lords.    (18  July.) 
lOCXXVI.  An  Act  to  amend  the  laws 
for  collecting  church  rates,  and  mo- 
ney advanced  by  the  trustees   and 
commissioners  of  the  first  fruits  of 
ecclesiastical  benefices,  and  for  the 
improvement    of  church  lands,    in 
Ireland.    (18  July.) 
LXXXVn.  An  Act  to  amend  and  ren- 
der more  effectual  the  provisions  of 
an  Act,  made  in  the  fiftieth  year  of 
his  late  majesty's  reign,  for  prevent- 
ing the  administering  and  taking  un- 
lawful oaths  in  Ireland.    (18  July.) 
UCXXVIII.  An  Act  for  regulating  ve^ 
sels    carrying    passengers   be  twee  h 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  (18  July.) 
LXXXIX.  An  Act  to  limit  and  regu- 
late the  expense  of  certain  proceed-  , 
ings  in  the  courts  of  justice  in  Ire-  ' 
land  in  the  particulars  therein  men- 
tioned.   (18  July.) 
XC.  An  Act  to  regulate  the  linen  and 
hempen  manulkctures  of  Ireland.  (18 
July.) 
XCI.  An  Act  to  relieve  his  mijesty's 
subjects  from  all   doubt  concerning 
the  validity  of  certain  marriages  so- 
lemnized abroad.    (18  July.) 
XCn.  An  Act  for  extending  the  an- 
nuity granted  to  earl  St.  Vincent  to 
the  present  viscount  St.  Vincent,  and 
the  next  person  to  whom  the  title  of 
viscount  St.  Vincent  shall  descend. 
(18  July.) 
XCIII.  An  Act  to  divide  the  county  of 
Cork,  for  the  purpose  of  holding  ad- 


ditional general  sessions  therein.  (18 
July.)  ^ 

XCIV.  An  Act  to  grant  eertam  duties 
of  excise  upon  spirits  distilled  from 
corn  or  grain  in  ScoUand  and  Ireland, 
and  upon  licences  for  stills  for  making 
such  spirits ;  and  to  provide  for  the 
better  collecting  and  securing  such 
duties,  and  for  the  warehousing  of 
such  spirits  without  payment  of  duty. 
(18  July.) 

XCV.  An  Act  to  explain  and  amend  an 
Act,  passed  in  the  Third  year  of  the 
reign  of  his  present  m^|esty,  to  amend 
tl^  general  laws  now  in  being  for  re- 
gulatmg  turnpike  roads  in  that  part 
of  Great  Britain  caUed  England.  (19 
July.) 

XCVI.  An  Act  to  provide,  until  the  Ist 
day  of  July,  1827,  and  until  the  end 
of  the  next  session  of  parliament,  for 
the  better  administration  of  justice 
in  New  South  Wales  and  Van  Die- 
man's  Land,  and  for  the  more  efifeo 
tual  government  thereof;  and  for 
other  purposes  rehiting  thereto,  (19 
July.) 

XCVII.  An  Act  for  the  reguUtiotf  of 
the  court  of  the  commissaries  of 
Edinburgh ;  and  for  altering  and  re- 
gulating the  jurisdiction  of  inferior 
commissaries  in  ScoUand. 

XCVIII.  An  Act  for  tiie  better  granting 
of  confirmations  in  Scotland. 

XCIX.  An  Act  to  provide  for  the  este- 
blishing  of  compositions  for  tithes  in 
Ireland  for  a  limited  time. 

C.  An  Act  for  raising  the  sum  of  four- 
teen millions  seven  hundred  thousand 
pounds  by  exchequer  bills ;  for  apply- 
ing a  certain  sum  of  money  for  the 
service  of  tiie  year  1823;  and  for 
further  appropriating  the  supplies 
granted  in  this  session  of  parliament. 


PUBLIC  ACTS 

dff  a  Local  and  Personal  Nature, 
and  to  be  noticed  by  the  Courts. 

1.  AN  Act  for  building  a  bridge  over 
tiie  river  Severn,  at  or  near  the  Haw 
Passage,  in  the  county  of  Gloucester, 
and  for  making  convenient  roads 
thereto. 

ii.  An  Act  for  building  a  bridge  over 
the  river  Severn,  at  or  near  to  the 
Jdythe  Hill,  within  the  parish  and 
near  to  the  to^vn  of  Tewkesbury  in 


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34Q       ANNUAL  REGISTBE,  1923. 


the  cpun^  of  Gloucester,  tp  the  op- 
posite side  6f  the  said  river,  in  the 
parish  of  Bushley  in  the  county  of 
Woreester;  and  for  making  oonve- 
nient  roads  and  avenues  to  commupi- 
cate  with  such  bridge,  within  the 
counties  of  Gloucester  and  Worces- 
ter. 

Bi.  An  Act  for  lighting)  cleansing,  watch- 
ing, and  otherwise  improving  uie  town 
and  borough  of  Darlington,  in  the 
county  of  Durham. 

Wf  An  Act  to  amend  and  enlarge  the 
powers  and  provisions  of  an  Act  of 
nis  late  majesty  King  George  the 
Third,  for  the  improvement  cS  Port- 
man  Square,  within  the  parish  of  8t. 
Mary-le*bone,  in  the  county  of  Mid- 
dlesex. * 

r*  An  Act  for  lighting  with  gas  the 
town  and  borough  of  Plymouth,  and 
plaoei  adjacent,  In  the  county  of  Pe*  . 
von. 

▼I.  An  Act  for  more  efifectually  amend- 
ing, improving,  and  keeping  in  re- 
pair, several  roads  in  the  counties  of 
Cornwall  and  Devon,  leading  to  the 
borough  of  Saltash  in  the  county  of 
Oomwidl. 

▼il.  An  Act  to  rectify  a  mistake  in  an 
Act  passed  in  the  Third  year  of  the 
reign  of  his  present  majesty,  for  more 
effectually  improving  the  roads  lead- 
ing from  the  east  side  of  Lincoln 
Heath  to  the  city  of  Peterborough, 
and  several  other  roads  therein  men- 
tioned, in  the  counties  of  Northamp- 
ton and  Lincoln;  and  for  making  a 
new  branch  of  road  to  communicate 
with  the  said  roads,  from  Bourn  to 
Spalding  in  the  said  county  of  Lin- 
coln. 

tUi.  An  Act  for  repairing  and  amending 
the  road  from  the  city  of  Peter- 
borough through  Oundle  and  Thrap- 
ston  to  Wellingborough  in  the  county 
of  Northampton,  and  several  other 
roads  near  or  adjoining  thereto. 

ix*  An  Act  for  building  a  bridge  and 
making  a  causeway  m>m  lAngstone, 
in  the' parish  of  Havant  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Southampton,  to  Hayliog  Island 
in  the  parish  of  Hayling  North  in  the 
said  county,  at  or  near  a  certain 
house  there  called  The  Ferry  House ; 
and  for  forming  and  making  proper 
roads,  approaches,  or  avenues  tiiereto. 

X,  An  Act  for  erecting  a  bridge  over 
the  water  of  Lary,  from  Pomphlet 
Point,  to  or  near  to  Great  Prince 
Rock,  in  Iho  county  of  Ppyon. 


SI.  An  Act  for  erectbg  and  mainbMiiulf 
a  new  court  room^  recora  loonm  and 
other  offices,  for  the  f^nty  of  tw- 
fiir. 

sli.  An  Act  for  more  eflectuaUy  maki&r, 
repairing,  and  improving  the  roMn 
from  Union  Point  ne^r  UokfieU  t# 
the  Sea  Houses  in  Eastbourne,  and 
from  Horsebridge  tp  Crosa  in  Hand, 
all  in  the  county  of  Suaaex. 

Jdii.  An  Act  for  more  eflectuaUy  rejuir^ 
ing  the  road  from  Preston  to  Ok- 
^  stang  in  the  coun^  of  Lancaster, 

idv.  An  Act  for  making  and  maintidfiin| 
a  turnpike  road  from  Stroud  to  Bisley 
in  the  county  of  Gloucester. 

zv.  An  Act  for  repairing  and  imjuoving 
the  roadi  from  the  town  en  Stock- 
'bridge  to  the  city  of  Wineheater,  and 
from  the  said  city  of  WEJndiaster  to 
the  top  of  Stephen's  Castle  Down, 
neat-  the  town  of  Bishop^  Waltham, 
in  the  countv  of  Southampton,  imd 
from  the  said  city  di  Wipchetter 
through  Otterborne  to  Bar  Gate  in 
the  town  and  county  of  the  town  of 
Southampton,  and  certain  mads  sd- 
joining  thereto. 

svi.  An  Act  for  making  and  maintaining 
a  turnpike  road  from  and  out  of  the 
road  leading  from  Quebec  in  Leeds, 
to  Homeflefd  Lane  End  in  WortlSTi 
to  communicate  with  the  road  lead* 
ing  from  Huddersfield  to  Birstall.  at 
Smithie*s  Lane,  in  the  West  Riding 
of  the  county  of  York. 

t«ii.  An  Act  for  more  eflbctuallynn- 
king  and  repairing  the  roads  between 

^  Newton  Abbott  and  Brixham,  Kii^- 
swear  and  bartmouth,  Shaldon  snd 
Torquay,   and   several  other  roads 
communicating    therewith,    in  thf   • 
county  of  Devon. 

xviii.  An  Act  to  enable  the  Edlnbuigii 
and  Glasgow  Union  Canal  Company 
to  borrow  a  further  sum  of  money. 

xix.  An  Act  for  the  improvement,  more 
effectual  fecurity,  and  maintenance 
of-  the  harbour  of  Bridport,  in  the 
county  of  Dorset. 

XX.  An  Act  for  amending  an  Act  of  the 
Third  year  of  his  present  nujeety, 
for  continuing  and  altering  six  fonner 
Acts  'of  their  late  mi^esties  King 
George  the  Second  and  King  George 
the  Third,  for  enlarging  tne  pi«f» 
and  harbour  of  Scarborough  in  tbe 
county  of  York. 

Xxl.  An  Act  for  appointing  select  vestry- 
men, governors,  and  directors  of  the 
poor  pf  the  parish  of  St.  Matthew 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.        241 


Bftt&nal  Green  in  the  county  of  Mid- 
dlesex ;  and  for  altering  and  amend- 
ing two  Acts  passed  in  the  thirteenth 
and  fiAy-third  years  of  his  late  ma- 
jesty King  George  the  Third,  relat- 
ing to  the  same, 
xxii.  An  Act  for  more  effectually  re- 
muring  the  road  leading  from  the 
Bolton  and  Blackburn  road  in  Shar- 
pies, to  the  Blackburn  and  Preston 
road  in  Hogbton,  in  the  county  of 
Lancaster,  called  the  Sharpies  and 
Hogfaton  turnpike  road, 
zxiii.  An  Act  for  more  e^ctually  amend- 
ing, improving,  and  keeping  in  re- 
pair the  road  between  the  towns  of 
Cockermouth  and  Workington  in  the 
ooonty  of  Cumberland. 
aodv.  An  Act  for  more  effectually  re- 
pairing and  improYing  the  road  from 
the  towv  of  Garstanr  to  the  town  of 
lAncaster,  and  from  thence  to  a  place 
called  Heiring  Syke,  and  the  road 
ftom  the  Guide  Post  in  the  township 
of  Slyne  with  Hest  to  Hest  Bank,  aU 
in  the  county  paUtine  of  Lancaster. 
XKT.  An  Act  for  more  e^ctually  amend- 
ing^ widening,  and  keeping  in  repalf 
several  roads  in  and  near  to  the  town 
of  Tcnbury,  in  the  counties  of  Salop, 
Worcester,  and  Hereford,  and   the 
roads  leading  fh>m  the  Knowle  Gate 
to  the  turnpike  road  on  the  Clee  Hill, 
and  from  Kyre  Mill  to  the  turnpike 
road  leading  from  Bromyard  to  Ten- 
bury. 
XXVI.  An  Act  for  continuing  the  term 
and  powers  of  an  Act  passed  in  the 
forty-second  year  of  the  reign  of  his 
Ute  rn^esty  King  George  the  Thirds 
for  repealing  an  Act  for  repairing  the 
liighways  and  bridges'in  the  county  of 
Wigtown,  and  for  other  purposes  in 
the  said  Act  mentioned, 
xzvii.  An  Act  for  amending  the  road 
fiiom  Offington  Corner  in  Sie  parishes 
of  Broadwater  and  West  Tarring,  or 
one  of  them,  in  the  county  of  Sussex, 
by  Rndon,  Washington  Hill  Rock, 
and  Ashington  Common,  to  Dial  Post, 
and  from  Uience  by  Nep  Castle  to  the 
Stevning  turnpike  road  at  West  Grin- 
8ted  Park  in  the  said  county ;  and  for 
making  a  new  branch  of  road  to  cOm- 
Dianicate  therewith. 
3txviii.  An  Act  for  more  effectually  re* 
pairing  the  road  leading  from  the 
iumptke  road  near  the  West  end  of 
the  town  of  Chesterfield  to  Matlock 
Bridge;   and  alo  the  road  leading 
out  of  the  said  road  over  Damlev 
Vol.  LXV.  ^ 


Bridge  to  Cross  Green ;  and  also  the 
road  leading  out  of  the  last^mentioned 
road  to  the  turnpike  road  near  Rowes- 
ley  bridge,  all  in  the  county  of  Derby, 
xxix.  An  Act  for  amending  the  road 
from  the  Devizes  turnpike  road,  at  or 
near  Somerham  Brook,  through  Melk- 
sham,  to  the  Horse  and  Jockey  in  the 
parish  of  Box  in  the  county  of  Wilts, 
and  certain  other  roads  leading  out 
of  th^  said   road,  all  in  Uie  said 
county. 
XXX.  An  Act  for  improving  the  roads 
from  Dariaston  BridM,  through  New- 
castle-under-Lyme,  to  Butt  Utne  and 
Linley  Lane,  and  from  the  Black  Lion 
to  Shelton  Wharf,  all  in  the  county 
of  Stafford, 
xxxi.  An  Act  for  repairing  and  improv- 
ing the  road  from  OUey  to  Skipton  in 
the  county  of  York, 
xxxii.  An  Act  for  altering  and  enlarg- 
ing the  powers  of  two  Acts  of  the 
ninth  and  nineteenth  years  of  his 
late  majesty  King  George  the  Third, 
for  building  and  completing  a  bridge 
at  Worcester  over  the  river  Severn, 
and  for  opening  convenient  avenoes 
thereto, 
xxxiii.  An  Act  to  enable  the  Stockton 
and  Darlington  Railway  Company  to 
vary  and  alter  the  line  of  their  rail* 
way,  and  also  the  line  or  lines  of  some  . 
of  the  branches  therefrom,  and  to 
make  an  additional  branch  therefrom, 
and  for'  altering  and  enlarging  the 
powers  of  the  Act  passed  for  making 
and  maintaining  the  said  nilwav. 
xxxiv.  An  Act  to  alter  and  amend  two 
several  Acts  passed  in  the  twenty- 
eighth  and  thirtieth  years  of  his  ma- 
jesty King  George  the  Second,  for  the 
Surpose  of  enabling  the  churchwar- 
ens,  overseers,  and  inhabitants  of' 
the  parish  of  St.  Saviour  hi  the  bo- 
rough of  Southwark  in  the  county  of 
Surry,  to  hold  a  market  within  the 
said  parish. 
XXXV.    An    Act  for  paving,  lighting, 
watching,  cleansing,  and  improving 
the  town  of  Knaresborough  in  the 
West  Riding  of  the  county  of  York, 
and  that  part   of  the   township  of 
Scriven-with-Tentergate   which   ad- 
joins the  said  town,  and  is  called 
Tentergate. 
XXX vi.  An  Act  for  lighting  with  gas  the 
town  of  Rochdale,  and  the  neigh-  ' 
bourhood  thereof,  within  the  parish 
ot  Rochdale  In  the  county  palatine  of 
Lancaster. 
R 


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242      ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1823. 


Mxxwiu  Aft  Ati  fi»ff  ligbting  wiUi  0W  ^c 

.  town  cl  Bel&sty  and  the  suburbs 
thereof. 

xxxviii.  An  Act  fiw  cstiblisbuig  an  ad- 
diUonal  ceniwny  for  lighting  the  city 
aod  fttburba  of  Dublin  with  gm,  . 

xxxix.  An  Act  for  lighting  with  oil  gas 
the  tovn  of  liverpool  and  certain 
pUces  adjacent  thereto. 

il.  An  Act  for  lighting  with  gas  the 
public  streeu.  lanes,  lassages,  and 
places,  and  the  houses,  warehouses, 
and  other  buildings,  within  the  kipg^ 
town  and  parish  of  Maidstone  in  w 
county  of  Keo^t. 

ax.  An  Act  for  more  efiectuaUy  repair- 
ing the  toad  from  Alfreton  in  the 
county  of  Derby  to  the  town  of  Derby. 

liin.  An  Act  for  malung  and  maintainr. 
ing  a  tompike  road  from  Horsham 
in  the  county  of  Sussex,  by  Bewbush, 
to  the  town  of  Crawley  m  the  said 
county. 

xliii.  An  Act  for  making  and  maintain- 
ing a  turnpike  road  from  the  turnpike 
road  between  the  town  of  Mold  in 
the  county  of  Flint  and  the  town  of 
Wrexham  in  thexounty  of  Denbigh, 
to  the  turnpike  road  between  the 
town  of  Rothln  in  the  said  county  of 
Denbigh  and  the  town  of  Wrexham 
aforesaid,  and  also  two  several 
branches  of  road  therefrom. 

xliv.  An  Act  for  making  and  maintain- 
ing a  turnpike  road  from  East  Teign- 
mouth,  through  Dawliah,  Starcroas, 
and  Kenton,  to  communicate  with  the 
Exeter  turnpike  road  in  the  parish  of 
Exminster,  all  in  the  county  ctt  Devon. 

xlv.  An  Act  for  more  effisctually  amend- 
ing the  road  from  Wrexhajn  in  the 
oounty  of  Denbigh,  to  Barnhill  in  the 
county  of  Chester ;  and  for  maldng 
and  keepixig  In  repairithe  road  branch- 
ing out  of  the  said  road  at  PwU-y- 
rhwyd  \o  the  borouffh  of  Holt  in  the 
said  oounty  of  Denbigh* 

xlvi.  An  Act  for  more  efiectually  re- 
pairing the  road  leading  irom  the 
Botley  turnpike  road  on  C^rdridg^ 
^Common  in  the  parish  of  Bishops 
Waltham,  to  the  Oosport  turnpike 
road  at  or  near  Filmer  Hill  in  the 
Mrisb  of  Westmeon»  with  a  branch 
from  the  «aid  road  on  Corhampton 
Down  to  the  villu^e  ^  Corhampton^ 
all  in  the  county  of  Southampton* 

xlyii.  An  Act  for  repairing  and  unprov* 
ing  divers  roads  in  the  counties  of 

.  toffofrd  and  Salop*  .ooinprised  In 
three  districts,  called  the  ficdeshall. 


NewBori,  and  Watfiag  Stnet  dimSct, 
the  Newcastle  and  Eccleshall  district, 
and  the  Hilton  and  Hcoaington  £t- 
triet. 

xlviii.  Aji  Act  for  mors  eflEectQa%  re- 
pairing, widening,  and  improviog  the 
roads  £h>m  the  West  end  of  'ftdler 
lane  near  Bradford  through  Uswoitfa 
to  Blue  Bell  near  Colne,  and  from 
the  Two  Laws  to  Kigbley,  In  tke 
counties  of  York  aod  Lancaster. 

xUx.  An  Act  for  more  e0ectually  re- 
pairing and  improving  theYorkfUie 
district  of  the  road  frt>m  Keigbley; 
in  the  West  Riding  of  the  county  of 
York,  to  Kirkby  in  Kendal,  in  the 
coun^  of  Westmoreland,  and  for  n»- 
kinff  several  diveniona  thersfroaii 
within  the  said  West  Riding'of  fto 
oounty  of  York. 

U  An  Act  for  repairing  the  road  frsm 
Stage  Cross  in  the  town  of  Melton 
Mowbray  in  the  county  of  LeiiMer 
to  the  town  of  Grantham  in  the  coob- 
ty  of  Lincoln. 

li.  An  Act  for  improving  and  mainfain- 
ing  in  repair  divers  rcuids  in  the  comk 
U  of  Stafibrd,  leading  from  Newcas- 
tle-under-Lorme,  to  Blyth  Manii, 
from  Cliflr  Bank  to  Snape  MardL 
from  Lower  Lane  to  Hem  Heath,  aid 
from  Shelton  to  NewcastIe-ullde^ 
Lyme. 

lii.  An  Act  for  more  eflectually  maldaft 
repairing,  and  improying  certaii 
roads,  leading  to  and  from  Liskear4» 
and  oertain  other  roads  theiela  menr 
tioned,  in  the  counties  of  Cornwill 
and  Devon. 

liii.  An  Act  for  niakiO|r,  aaiendh)|, 
widening,  and  keeping  in  repair,  cer-. 
tain  loads  passing  through  or  nsar 
the  town  or  Bminster  in  th«  oouh^ 
of  Somerset. 

lif.  An  Act  for  making  and  inalntalptng  t 
a  turnpike  xoad  from  Wibsey  Lov 
Moor  near  Bradford,  through  Bri^- 
house,  to  Huddenfield,  ^th  thne 
diversions  or  branches  from  such 
road,  in  the  West  Ridii^  of  thecOitf^ 
ty  of  York. 

Iv.  An  Act  for  more  eifectuallv  amendr 
ing  the  roads  from'  the  Little  Bridfi 
over  the  end  of  the  Drain  next  Wij- 
beach  River,  lying  between  Boperi 
Fields  and  the  Bell  Inn  in  Wisbesck,  - 
19  the  Isle  of  Ely,  to  the  West  and  of 
Long  Bridge  in  South  lifun^  in  ^ 
boroi^h  of  King's  Lynn,  in  theccNtt:* 
ty  of  Noifblk ;  and  for  ameadinA 
improving,  and  keeping  in  np^ 


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APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE. 


M3 


certatk  othttf  raBdithereiBitcntion^, 
io  the  mdA  county  of  Norfolk. 
Iri.  An  Aei  for  eontinuiog  the  term 
aad  poiren  of  tui  Act  of  his  late 
mjestv^  rtign,  for  repairiiiff  the 
Turnd  horn  the  North  end  of  ftridg- 
fard  hunt,  ia  the  county  of  Notting- 
hmm,  to  the  Bowling  Oreen  at  Ket- 
teringy  in  the  county  of  Northampton. 

ML  An  Act  for  more  effectually  repair- 
ing the  road  from  the  dty  of  Canter- 
Invy  to  the  Dover  turnpike  road,  in' 
the  parish  of  Barham  in  the  county 
of  Kent;  and  for  lighting,  watering, 
and  watching  part  of  the  said  road, 
leading  into  the  said  dty  of  Canter- 
bary. 

IfiiL  An  Act  for  making  and  maintahi- 
ing  a  tnmplke  road  from  Holehooie 
or  Hiding,  near  Greenfield  to  Saddle- 
vorth,  to  jjda  the  Stayley  turnpike 
road,  aftd  iiho  to  join  the  HaHfiix  aad 
SheiBeld  turnpike  roadi  all  in  the 
Wan  Itfdtng  of  the  county  of  York. 

IhL^  An  Act  for  more  efifiictuallyaroend- 
inf  and  keeping  in  repair  the  roads 
ftom  the  town  of  Uttoxeter  to  the 
toim  of  Newoastle-under-Lyme,  in 
the  ooodty  of  Stafford,  so  far  as  i<e- 
Uttea  is  die  Uttoxeter  district  of  the 
Hdd  roads;  and  for  making  certain 
ae«r  pieeea  bf  road  to  communicate 
therewith,  all  in  the  said  county  of 
8taflbra« 

hL  An  Aet  for  repairing  and  amending 
the  fbad  Crom  Castle  Street  at  the 
end  of  Uie  town  of  Hlndcley  in  the 
county  of  Leicester,  to  the  end  of  the 
town  of  Lutterworth  in  the  same 
-  cctanty. 

M.  An  Act  for  repalrhig  and  amending 
die  road  fhmi  the  town  of  Bfarket 
nitborough  in  the  county  of  Leices- 
ter to  the  city  of  CoTentry. 

Ibdi.  An  Act  for  more  effectually  repaid 
log  the  roads  from  Dyed  Way  to 
Sftm^rtmi,  and  fVom  Gawbridge  to 
OThitinbuu  Fbrds,  and  fit>m  a  stream 
of  water  called  Ford,  to  Cartgate  in 
MfirUMK,  and  other  roads  tberein- 
■leatlonad,  in  the  county  of  Somer- 
M. 

Mtt.  An  Aer  for  vejpoiring'aad  widen- 
fhfl  the  rOad  from  Rughy,  in  the  coun- 
^r  df  Warwick,  to  the  turnpike  road 
Irpm  Lutterworth'  to  Market  Harbo- 
i^ug^,  tn  the  counties  of  Leicester 

'  akirNcMhcmptdn. , 

fedf.  An  ActftvWreeflboCUidlrwpalr- 
hig^aad  improving  the  road  from  the 
BMh  ead  of  QpttTTOwi  Heme  on 


Bdthey  Healh,  thi^on^  Uie  Maltet 
towns  of  Watford,  Berkhamstead 
Saint  Ptoter,  and  Tring,  in  the  county 
of  Hertford  by  Pettipher's  Ehns,  to 
the  turnpike  road  at  Walton,  near 
Aylesbury,  in  the  counter  bf  Buck-' 
Ingham.  ' 

Ixv.  An  Act  for  more  effectually  re- 
pairing the  roads  from  Staplecross  t» 
Homscross,  and  from  Hornscross  to 
the  turnpike  road  near  Brickwall 
House  in  the  pilrish  of  Northiam, 
and  from  Hornscross  to  the  turnpike 
road  near  the  Windmill  in  the  parish 
of  Becldev,  and  from  Staplecross  to 
Bodiam  Bridge  and  to  tiie  turnpike 
road  at  Silver  HAl,  all  fai  the  county 
of  Sussex. 

fatri.  An  Act  for  repairing  and  maintain- 
ing the  roads  from  Bamsley  CommK>n 
to  Orange  Moor  and  White  Cross, 
and  from  the  Guide  POst  in  Barugh 
over  Barugh  Brook  into  the  township' 
of  Oiwthorne,  all  in  the  county  of 
York. 

Uvii.  An  Act  for  more  eflfectoally  amend- 
ing, repairing,  and  keeping  in  repair, 
the  road  from  the  Toll  Gate  in  the 
parish  of  Kettering  through  Welling- 
borough, in  the  county  of  Northamp- 
ton, and  through  Olney  ovfer  Sher- 
rington Bridge,  to  Newport  Aignell, 
in  the  county  of  Buckingham. 

bcvKI.  An  Act  for  mislng  a  foither  sum 
of  money  for  carrying  into  execution 
an  Act  passed  hi  the  fifty-eevendi 
year  of  bis  late  majesty  King  George 
the  Third,  intituled  <«  An  Act  for  re- 
building Uie  church,  and  improving 
the  chnrchySrd  of  the  parish  of  Saint 
Faul  Shadwell  in  the  county  of  Mid- 
dlesex; and  for  amending  the  said 
Act. 

Ixix.  An  Act  for  better  Supplying  thef 
city  of  Worcester  and  the  liberties 
thereof  with  water;  and  for  more 
effectually  paving,  lighting,  watching, 
and  otherwise  improving  the  sua 
city. 

Ixx.  An  Act  for  lighting  and  watching 
the  parish  and  town  of  Oreenwich  id 
the  county  of  Kent,  aad  removing 
and  preventing  nuisances  therein. 

Ixxi.  An  Act  for  regulating  the  poHoif 
of  the  barony  of  Gorbals,  in  the 
eounty  of  Lanark ;  paving,  deaMsiilg, 
and  lighting  the  streets,  erecting  a 
Bridewell,  and  other  purposes  rem* 
!ng  thereto. 

Izidi.  An  Act  for  lighting  the  town  and 
burg'h  of  Mdey,  and  iubiirbB  and 
R  9 


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244       ANNUAL    REGISTER,    18S3^ 


places  a(]|)acent,  with  gas,. and  for 
other  purposes  relating  thereto. 

Ixxiii.  An  Act  for  lighting  with  gas  the 
town,  of  Woolwich  in  the  county  of 
Kent. 

Izxiv.  Ad  Act  for  lighting  with  gas  the 
city  of  York,  and  the  suburbs  and 
vianity  thereof. 

Izxv.  An  Act  for  lighting,  watching, 
and  cleansing  the  Grange  Road,  and 
other  parts  of  the  parish  of  Saint 
Mary  Magdalen,  Bermondsey,  in  the 
county  of  Surrey. 

Ixxvi.  An  Act  for  explaining,  amending^ 
and  rendering  more  efiectual  an  Act 
of  his  late  majesty,  for  draining  cer- 
tain commons  and  fens  lying  between 
the  rivers  Glen  and  Wellend,  in  the 
county  of  Lincoln,  and  for  increasing 
the  rates  thereby  authorised,  and  im- 
posing additional  rates  for  more  efiec- 
tually  draining  the  said  lands. 

Ixxvii.  An  Act  for  more  effectually  re- 
pairing the  Wadsley  and  Langset  turn- 
pike road,  and  extending  the  same  in 
two  lines  to  join  the  Huddersfield  and 
Woodhead  turnpike  road,  in  the  town- 
ships of  Upperthong  and  Honley,  in 
the  West  Riding  of  the  county  of 
York. 

Ixxviii.  An  Act  for  continuing  the  term 
and  altering  and  enlarging  the  powere 
of  three  Acts  passed  in  the  firet, 
twenty-first,  and  forty-second  years  of 
the  reign  of  his  late  nu^esty,  for 
amending  and  widening  the  road 
leading  from  the  town  of  Falmouth, 
in  the  county  of  Cornwall,  through 
the  towns  of  Penryn,  Helston,  and 
Marazion,  and  from  thence  to  and 
over  Marazion  riyer  and  bridge,  and 
two  hundred  feet  to  the  westward  of 
the  said  river  and  bridge. 

Ixxix.  An  Act  for  better  and  more  eflbo- 
tually  improving  and  keeping  in  re- 
pair the  road  l^t^in^  from  the  town 
of  Kingston.upon-Thames,  in  the 
county  of  Surrey,  to  a  place  called 
Sheetbridge,  near  Petersfield,  in  the 
county  of  Southampton. 

Ixxx.  An  Act  for  making  and  maintain- 
ing a  road  from  Norwich  to  FUcen- 
ham,  in  the  county  of  Norfolk. 

Ixtn.  An  Act  for  amending  and  keep- 
ingin  repair  the  roads  from  Dover 
to  Barham  Downs,  and  Arom  Dover 
to  the  town  of  Folkestone,  and  from 
^  thenoe  through  the  parish  of  Folke- 
stone to  Sandgnte,  in  the  coontyof 
Kent, 
xsxii.  An  Act  for  improving  and  keep- 
ing in  repair  the  road  from  Ttirpor- 


ley,  in  the  county  palatine  of  Chetteiv 
to  the  South-east  end  of  Acton  Forge, 
near  Weverbam,  in  the  same  connty^ 

Ixxxiii.  An  Act  for  amending  and  main- 
taining the  roads  from  the  North 
Gate  of  the  city  of  Winchester,  over 
Worthy  Cow  Down,  through  Whit- 
church and  other  places,  to  rfewUnm 
river,  and  from  Worthy  Cow  Down 
aforesaid  through  Wherwell  to  And6-> 
ver,  in  the  county  of  Southampton. 

Ixxxiv.  An  Act  for  more  efl^ctually  re- 
pairing, amending,  and  improving 
certain  roads  in  the  several  parishes 
of  Saint  Mary  Magdalen,  Bermondsej, 
and  Saint  I^ary  at  Rotberhithe,  in 
the  county  of  Surrey,  and  Saint  Fiml, 
Dentford,  and  Sunt  Nicholas,  DepU 
ford,  in  the  county  of  KenL 

Ixxxv.  An  Act  for  more  eflectoally. re- 
pairing the  road  from  the  South  Ead 
of  Brown^s  Lane,  in  the  pariah  of 
Great  Staughton,  in  the  county  of 
Huntingdon,  to  the-Bedford  tumi^ke 
road  in  Uie  parish  of  Lavendon  in  the 
county  of  Buckingham. 

Ixxxvi.  An  Act  for  repairing,  widening^ 
and  maintaining  tne  rMd  leading 
^  from  Horsham  in  the  county  of  Sus- 
sex, through  Dorking  and  Leather- 
head,  €o  Epsom  in  the  county  of  Sur- 
rey, and  trom  Capel  to  SUme  Street, 
at  Ockley,  in  thesaid  county  of  Surrey. 

Ixxxvii.  An  Act  to  enable  the  compaaj 
of  proprieton  of  the  navigation  from 
the  Trent  to  the  Mersey  to  make  aa 
additional  tunnel  through  Harecaftle 
Hill  in  the  county  of  Stafford,  and  an 
additfonal  reservoir  in  Knypersley 
Valley  in  the  said  county;  and  to 
amend  and  enlarge  the  powers  of  the 
several  Acts  for  making  and  maintain- 
ing the  said  navigation,  and  the  seve* 
ral  canals  connected  therewith. 

Ixzxviii.  An  Act  to  amend  an  Act  of 
the  last  session  of  parliament,  for 
erecting  and  maintaining^  Ferries 
across  &e  river  Tay,  in  the^oounties 
of  Fife  and  Forfor. 

Ixxxix.  An  Act  to  repeal  an  Act  passed 
in  the  fiftyfourth  year  of  lus  hte 
nii^esty,  for  building  a  new  church 
wi&in  tJie  town  and  parish  of  Liver- 
pool in  the  county  palatine  of  Lancas- 
ter ;  to  vest  the  said  church  and  tiie 
ground  theretmto  belonging  in  tfa^ 
mayor,  bailift,  and  burgesses  of  the 
town  o{  Liverpool ;  to  authoriie  the 
pon^mse  of  land  in  the  said  town  t» 
he  appropriated  to  the  nse  of  pnbttc 
cemeteries ;  and  to  restrict  the  Wrial 
of  corpses  in  the  present  cemeteries 


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APPENDIX  TO   CHRONICLE.         246 


\>(  the  parish  church  and  parochial 
chapel  there, 
xc.  Ad  Act  for  paving,  lighting,  clean- 
singy  watching,  and  improving  the 
toimship  of  Halifiix^  ana  for  supply- 
ing the  same  wiUi  water. 

xci.  An  Act  Tor  repairing,  maintaining, 
and  improving  the  highways  and 
other  public  places  in  the  parish  of 
Saint  Mary  Magdalen,  Bermondsey, 
In  the  county  of  Surrey. 

zcil.  An  Act  for  improving,  paving, 
lighting,  cleansing,  and  watching  the 
town  of  Mansfield  in  the  county  of 
Nottingham. 

zciii.  An  Act  for  better  supplying  with 
water  the  town  of  Skipton  in  the 
West  Ridinf  qf  the  county  of  York. 

xciv.  An  Act  tor  the  erection  of  a  bridge 
across  the  river  Shannon,  and  of  a 
floating  dock  to  accommodate  sharp 
Tessels  frequenting  the  port  of  Li- 
merick. 

xcv.  An  Act  to  alter,  amend,  and  en- 
large the  powers  of  an  Act  of  his 
pesent  mi^esty's  reign,  intituled^ 
^' An  Act  to  establish  an  additional 
company  for  lighting  certain  parts  of 
the  metropolis  and  parts  adjacent 
with  gas.'' 

xcvi.  An  Act  to  establish  a  company 
for  lighting  with  gas  the  town  of 
Northampton. 

xcvii.  An  Act  to  amend  and  explain  the 
powers  of  an  Act  of  his  late  nuyesty, 
for  lighting  with  gas  the  town  of 
Brighthelmstone,  and  to  raise  a  fur- 
ther sum  of  money  for  carrying  the 
imrposes  of  the  said  Act  into  execu- 
tion. 

xcfiil.  An  Act  for  lighting  with  gas  the 
•ereral  parishes  of  Saint  Botolph  Aid- 
gate,  and  Saint  Paul  Shadwell,  and 
certain  parts  of  the  parishes  of 
Samt  George  in  the  East,  otherwise 
Saint  George  Middlesex,  and  Saint 
.  John  of  Wapping,  and  of  the  hamlets 
of  Mile  End  Old  Tovm  and  RatdifT, 
in  the  county  of  Middlesex. 

xcix.  An  Act  to  enable  the  company  of 
proprietors  of  the  Dublin  gas  works 
to  raise  more  money  for  the  further 

.  lighting  the  city  and  suburbs  of  Dub- 
lin with  gas. 

^  An  Act  for  lighting  the  town  of 
Mansfield  in  the  county  of  Notting- 
Itam  with  gas. 

d.  An  Act  to  establish  a  company  for 
lighttog  the  borough  of  Stamford  in 
the  county  of  Lincoln,  and  Saint 
Martin's  Stamford  Baron  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Northtimpton,  with  gas. 


cii.  An  Act  for  lightine  with  oil  f^sa  the 
city  of  Bristol  and  the  pansh   of 
Clifton  in  the  county  of  Gloucester, 
and  certain  Parishes  adjacent  thereto, 
ciii.  An  Act  to  amend  and  render  more 
efiectual  an  Act  passed  in  the  forty- 
seventh  year  of  the  reign  of  his  late 
majesty  king  George  the  Third,  for 
repealing  several  Acts  therein  men- 
tioned, for  draining  certain  fen  lands 
in  the  isle  of  Ely,  and  counties  of 
Su^lk  and  Norfolk,  near  Mildenhall 
river,  so  fiir  as  relates  to  the  lands  in 
the  first  district  therein  described, 
and  for  making  better  provision  for 
draining  and    preserving   the    said 
lands. 
civ.  An  Act  for  amending  and  improv- 
ing the  roads  leading  to  the  town  of 
Oakhampton  in  the  county  of  Devon, 
cv.  An  Act  for  amending,  improvinflr» 
and  keeping  in  repair  the  road  lead- 
ing from  the  turnpike  road  in  the 
Horse  Pair  in  the  town  of  Banbury 
in  the  county  of   Oxford,    through 
Swalclifie  in  the  said  county  of  Ox- 
ford, and  through   Brailes    in   the 
county  of  Warwick,  to  the  bridge 
crossing  the  river  Stour  in  the  parish 
of  Barcheston  in  the  said  county  of 
Warwick, 
cvi.   An  Act  for  more  effectually  re- 
pairing and  improving  the  road  lead- 
ing from  Whitechapel  church  in  the 
county  of  Middlesex,  unto  Passing- 
ford  bridge,  and  through  and  to  the 
end  of  the  several  parishes  or  phices 
of  Shenfield  and  Woodford,  in  the 
county  of  Essex,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses relating  thereto, 
cvii.  An  Act  for  amending  the  road 
leading  from  the  New  Wall  on  the 

Cide  in  Castleton  in  the  parish  of 
hdale,  through  Middlet^,  to  the 
Meer  Stone  in  Great  Heaton,  and  to  ^ 
the  town  of  Manchester,  all  in  the 
county  palaUne  of  Lancaster;  and 
for  diverting  certain  parts  of  the 
said  road. 

cviii.  An  Act  for  more  efiectually  re- 
pairing the  road  leading  from  Bea- 
conefield  in  the  county  of  Bucking- 
ham, to  Stoken  Church  in  the  county 
of  Oxford. 

cix.  An  Act  for  more  effectually  making 
and  Biaintaining  the  road  from  Mod- 
bury,  through  the  town  of  Plympton^ 
to  the  North  end  of  Lincotta  U^me, 
and  from  Modbury  to  within  four 
.hundred  vards  of  the  bridge  over  the 
Lary,  and  also  a  road  from  Addistone 


ary, 
till, 


liill,  in  the  parish  of  llolbeten,  ta 


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246     ANNUAL  R£<i^I9TEft.    1923. 


the  Totoeti  nrnd  tl  I^dy  Down,  i^ 
the  pirish  of  UgbonNigb,  \n  the  coun- 
ty or  Devon. 

ex.  An  Act  lor  repairing^  and  inyiroving 
the  road  leading  from  Skipton-in  the 

.  oounty  of  YocktoColnevi  the  county 
of  Lancaster. 

czi.  An  Act  for  more  efiectually  repair- 
ing the  road  from  Wausford  bridge  in 
the  oountv  of  Northampton  to  Stan- 
ford, and  nom  Stanford  to  Boum^  in 
the  county  of  Linooln. 

lezii.  An  Act  for  making  and  repairing 
certain  roads  from  Redroir  to  Peat- 
hill  in  the  county  of  Stilling. 

Gxiii.  An  Act  for  more  efiectually  im* 
proving  and  keeping  in  repair  the 
pier  and  harbour  of  Mtnehead  in  the 
county  of  Somerset. 

cjdv.  An  Aot  for  altering  and  amending 
two  Acts,  passed  in  the  eleventh  and 
thirty-thira  years  of  his  late  miyesty 
kin^  George  ^e  Third,  for  consoli* 
dating,  extending^and  rendering  more 
effectual  the  powers  granted  by  seve- 
ral Acts  of  parliament  for  inaking, 
enlaiiging,  amending,  and  cleansing 
the  vaults,  drains,  and  sewers  within 
the  city  of  London  and  liberties  there- 
of; an4  for  paving,  cleansing,  a^d 
lighting  the  streets,  lanes,  squares, 

.  yardfl^  courts,  alleys^  passages,  and 

.  places,  and  preventing  and  removing 
obstructions  and  annoyances  within 
the  same. 

cxv.  An  Act  to  alter,  amend,  and  en- 
large the  powers  of  the  several  Acts 
parsed  for  more  efiectually  supplying 
with  water  the  inhabitants  of  the 
town  of  Manchester  and  Salford,  in 
the  parish  of  lilancbester,  in  the 
pounty  palatine  of  lancaster. 

cxvi.  An  Act  to  amend  several  Acts  for 
erecting  a  bridge  over  the  river 
Tfaamee,  from  the  city  of  London,  to 
the  opposite  bank,  in  the  parish  of 
8ain^  Saviotti;,  in  the  oountty  of  Sur- 
rey. 

czvii.  An  Act  for  building  a  chureh  or 
chapel  of  e^e  in  the  hamlet  of  Fw 
Town,  and  parish  of  Huddersfield*  in 
the  West  Riding  of  the  county  of 
York. 

czviii.  An  Act  for  extinguishing  tithes 
and  coftomary  oayments  in  lieu  of 
tithes^  and  all  demands  for  Easter 

.  offerings,  within  the  London  or  City 

'  Hber^  of  Saint  Andrew,  Holbora,  in 
the  oity  of  London,  and  for  making 
compensation  in  lien  thereof, 
cxix.  An  Act  to  eidarge  ti^e  powers  of 
the  gas  light  and  coke  cpmpwy,  and 


to  amend  aeveiai  Acta  pMted  in  the 
reign  of  his  late  mijetty  rdatwf  to 
the  said  company. 

cxx.  An  Act  for  repairing  th^  mads 
from  Oxdown  Gate  in  Popltam  lime, 
to  the  city  of  Winchester,  and  foom 

'  the  said  city  thxongfa  Hurley  1^ 
Chandler's  Ford,  and  fiom  Htmey 
aforesaid  to  the  turnpike  ron4  at 
Romsey,  and  from  the  Hmkbcd  at 
Romsey,  through  Chilworth,  |o  the 
river  at  Swarthling,  inthe^Boun^-ef 
Southampton,  and  from  the^aid  tm- 
pike  road  at  Ramsey*  tintHwh  Ring- 
wood,  in  the  aid  county,  to  fionghaw 
Bridge  and  Wimbome  Mwitfja^  |» 
the  county  of  Dorset. 

cxxi.  An  Act  for  more  plfrfinaMy  le- 
pairing  the  loads  leading  from  a 
place  called  the  Welsh  Harp^  in  ^t 
township  of  Stonnall,  in  tlie  county 
of  StaAird,  to  Stone  Bridge,  and  IVea 
Castle  Bromwich  to  BlnniQghaaa>  ta 
the  county  of  Warwick. 

cxkii.  An  Act  for  repairing  |h9  nM|ds 
from  the  borough  of  Tamywirth,  in 
the  oounties  of  Stafford  and  Warwick, 
to  the  town  of  Ashby-deJa-^OBioh  in 
the  county  of  I^eioMter,  i^  frfn 
Harrington  Bridge  (heretofoiv  Sisr- 
iey  F^ry)  in  the  said  county  of  JLeir 
4:esteo  to  ^  turnpike  gate  #t  or  aaar 
the  end  of  Swarcliffe  Lane  loadil^to 
Ashby«^e-1«-25Qi»ch  aforesaid. 

cxxiii.  An  Act  to  enlaige  the  powiaia  ^, 
and  render  more  efieolnal  oeanin 

"  Acts  of  the  twjenty-«eoQod  a»4tlKiilQr- 
second  years  of  the  reign  of  his  ma- 
jesty king  George  tine  iopomd,  and 
the  forty-sixth  year  of  the  a^ioi 
his  kte  mijesty  king  Geaqge  th^ 
Third,  for  the  more  easy  aa4  speedy 
reconrery  of  small  debts  within  the 
town  anid  borongh  of  SouthwMJ^  and 
the  several  parishes  ond  pUcee  in  the 
said  4cts  mentiQM4»  noA  to  i^gMc 
the  fees  payable  to  tiie  oo«rt  thesctby 
oetabiished* 

cxxiv.  An  Act  to  alfow  furthetr  Uaae  lir 
the  completion  of  the  docdcn  api 
other  worka  bekmging  to  the  hmi» 
|>ook  Compaiiji  * 

cxxv.  An  Act  for  altering  the  time  for 
holding  general  annual  meetiigafor 
Mcensing  alehoNWft  within  the  county  > 
of  MiddUsex,  and  for  authoriniig  the 
Justices  of  the  peace  for  the  mid 
Gf  unty  to  rtuAu«eiBle  iMgh  conatihie^. , 
opm.  An  Act  for  the  better  fOMOi- 
mentof  the  city  of  Limerick,  and  the 
doe  appropriation  «f  tim  4ViMm^  ^^ 
venues  thereof. 


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AP]?BND1X:T0   CHRONIOLR;.      24T 


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•Miy. 

JOM. 

July.       Aug. 

809L 

Oct. 

KOY. 

Dec. 

17 

'TOT- 

M 

•77- 

81' 

»5 

60           69 

53 

£3 

116 

77 

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248      ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1883. 


AVERAGE  PRICES  OF  SUtJAR  AND  HAY. 


January  . 
F«bniarj 
March 
April  ... 
May  ... 
June  ,• , 


Sugar 
per  Cwt. 


31  5 

35  If 

37  IJ 

34  "ii 

34  n\ 

30  8| 


Hay 
per  Load. 


£.    8. 

4  0 
4  0 
4  4 
4  10 
4  13 
4    6 


Jolj  .... 
Augaat  .. 
Septenber 
Oolober . . 
November 
December 


Sugar 
pcrCivt. 


31  8 

30  7\ 

31  3i 
31  8 
31  5| 
35  6i 


Hay 
perUal 


5    5 

5  15 

6  0 
6  0 
5  15 
5  10 


AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  WHEAT, 
DUBINO  1823. 


'    *.  d. 

Jannary    4 , 39  11 

—  11    40  5 

—  18  40  10 

—  25 40  3 

Febraaryl   40  0 

—  8 40  5 

—  15 41  4 

—  n 40  n 

Marcb      1  , 41  7 

—  15 47  2 

—  22 50  9 

—  «9 50  4 

:  April        5  , 50  9 

—  12 50  3 

—  19  50  4 

•     -^      26 51  4 

M«y         3  54  7 

.    ^      10 , 57'   8 

—  17  57  9 

—  24 59  10 

—  31  ....•..., 62  1 

Jane    *    7 62  7 

—  14 62  5 

—  21   61  0 

^       28 60  2 


July        5  60   1 

—  12 59  10 

—  19  59    4 

—  26 58    9 

Angoat    2  59   1 

—  9 60   4 

—  16  58  16 

—  23 58   8 

—  30 58   » 

Septem.   6 57   • 

—  13 ^ 58   6 

—  20  51    9 

—  27 41    T 

October  4 46  4 

—  11 46  5 

—  18 47   « 

—  25  ¥   t 

Not.        1 50   0 

—  8 49  f 

—  15 49  » 

—  2^ 50   5 

—  29 M  4 

Pec.        6 SI  1* 

—  13  iO   » 

—  20 ^    » 

—  2r 53  10 


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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLEw 


249 


PRICE  OF  BUTCHER'S  MEAT, 

Average  Prices  per  Stone  of  81b.  of  Bmromtn's  Mxat  in  Newgate 
Market  in  the  Year  18i8. 


Beef. 

Mutton. 

YmL 

Pork. 

Umb. 

f .  iL     $. 

d. 

#.    d.     #.    d. 

#. 

d.     $. 

d. 

#• 

d.    s. 

d. 

s. 

d.     t.   d. 

January.. 

S    4to3 

2 

3    4  to  3    0 

8 

8tol» 

0 

2 

8to4 

0 

0 

OtoO    0 

February 

3    4tod 

4 

3    4to3    6 

3 

0to5 

0 

8to4 

8 

0 

OtoO    e 

March.. 

3    4to3 

4 

2    8to3    8 

3 

Oto4 

8 

8to4 

8 

0 

OtoO    0 

April   .. 

2    6to3 

6 

3    0to4    0 

2 

8to4 

0 

4to4 

8 

4 

0to5    8 

May.... 

3    Otod  10 

3    4to4    4 

3 

0to5 

4 

0to5 

0 

4 

Otoff    8 

June .... 

3    6  to  3 

6 

2  10tD3    6 

2 

8to4 

0 

4to4 

4 

3 

4to5    0 

July.... 

3    4to3 

3 

2  ^toS    6 

3 

ato4 

8 

8to4 

4 

3 

4to4    4 

August.. 

3    4to3 

4 

2    8to3    4 

2 

8to4 

4 

4to4 

4 

3 

0to4    0 

Scpv... 

3    4to3 

0 

2    8to3    8 

3 

0to4 

4 

8  to  4. 

4 

3 

0to4    0 

October.. 

8    0to3 

0 

2    4  to  3    0 

2 

8to4 

4 

8to4 

8 

2 

8to4    0 

Not..... 

2    0to3 

0 

2    4  to  3    4 

2 

8to4 

4 

4to4 

8 

2 

8to3  a 

Dec 

3    4to3 

4 

.2    4to3    4 

2 

8to4 

8 

4to4 

8 

0 

OtoO    0 

METEOROLOGICAL  TABLi!  for  18SS. 


Moadi. 

Barometer. 

ThgMonwter. 

^Wlndt. 

■IfbMl. 

Lmm>U 

M«M. 

BIch. 

Lmt. 

Mwa. 

iMhM. 

N. 

t. 

B. 

w. 

M.B. 

tA 

w.w. 

•.w. 

tany. 

Jwie... 
Jily.... 
A^-iC.. 
Scplem. 

fWnkav 

3(M)6 
3043 
SO^ 
30,30 
30,«9 
30^ 

«9,oe 

3043 

30  27 

aoAa 

30^ 

S8.97 

fi9.2y 

88.73 

«9,eo3d 

48 
50 

no 

65 
.78 
77 
75 
78 
73 
60 
56 
68 

4 
87 

% 

38 

36 
48 

88 
81 
85 

30.49 
37.33 
4U1 
45,17 
55.71 
57.10 

61.08 

46.18 

**•!! 

39,86 

1485 
345 

1,7«5 
2385 

^^ 

4,875 

1.09 

8375 

I 

0 

11 

4 
11 

t 

IT 
11 

^ 

It 
15 
18 

89»7«7« 
20,8*78 
«§,8«74 
89,7185 
893118 
893900 
89^5837 
30,0103 
893361 

Nowtn. 
D«c«ai. 

Yw. 

30^ 

«8;>9 

29.722 

78 

4 

47.74 

23,3 

85 

10 

5 

37 

58 

81 

89 

157 

Digitized.by 


Google 


26Q      AJ^TSVAh.  REGISTER,  .1613. 


00 


4 


4 


4 


■35 


ri  ti  "  :2  ifi 


ISSSSsSSSSIS"-- 


•9 

e 
I. 
I 


«l 


I 


£• 


c   be  a  z 


5  *^  *^  (^    M    g  «-    CJ   ••  

^  s'S'13'^  «  e  9  J>  »  f» 


$§!§ 


III 


I 


i<S, 


•**  s  s  s  2  "O 


S|  I  i^iSSi  i^SS 


as-"?  I  i-s 


«*lil 


•    I    I    I    I    I    I    I    t    f    f    I    ■    I 


il8S||pr£|5SI|||. 


Digitized  by 


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APPENDIX  TO  OHEONICLE;         861 


Bbturns  of  the  Number  of  Psbsonb  oonunitted  to  Newgekte,  and 
the  other  Priions  in  London,  Bliddlesex  and  Sufirey,  from  the  seyeral 
PoHce  OflKoes;  by  the  levend  Magisti&tes  of  th6  City  of  London* 
and  of  the  Counties  of  MiddleeeK  imd  Sarrey>  in  the  Years  1821> 
1822,  and  1823. 


I— RmmN  of  the  Number  of  Persons  committed  to  his  Migesty's  Gaol  of  New- 
hj  the  serenU  Mingtstnites]  from  the  Polioe  Offices  of  London  sod 

In  the  Year  I82f . 


PottOBOODM. 

Komber 
Committed. 

BiiitrowMi 

bytke 
OnuMUvy. 

Bills  Mt 

thtOnuid 
Joiy. 

KOPTOM. 

cation,  Bilb 
BdthatliiK 

'OoBfiCttll. 

— 

MsiirionBow 

Guild^    •., 

109 

153 

348 

340 

97 

64 

199 

273 

158 

81 

93 

100 

134 

298 

304 

87 

57 

185 

249 

111 

61 

7^ 

7 
15 
43 
31 
9 
7 
14 
22 
36 

Id 

8 
3 

7 

5 

1 
npne. 
none. 

2 

5 
.  none,. 

5 

80 
114 
824 
240 

58 

33 
164 
205 

82 
.     43 

41 

20 
20 

Boir  Street 

Hsriborongh Street  .. 
Queen  Sovsre 

HsttOQ  Garden 

Ml^hip  Street ...... 

Umbeth  Street 

Thames  fblice  » 

Sbadwell 

74. % 

64 

29 

24   - 

31 

44    • 

29 

S5  ■■ 

in  the  Year  1828. 


Mansion  House  •••• 

GnildbaU    

Bow  Street 

Marlborough  Street 
Queen  Sooare.  • « .  • . 

Mary4e4iooe. 

Hatton Garden  .... 
Wonnip  Street . « • « 
Lambelli  Street..., 
Thames  Police  •••, 

Mansion  Home  .... 
GttildhaU    ........ 

Bow  Street 

Marlborough  Street 
Queen  Square  • .  • . 
Mary-le-bone  .••••• 
Hatton  Garden  . . ... 
Worship  Street .... 
Lambeth  Street.... 
Thames  Police  ...* 


116 

107 

8 

1 

84 

184 

162 

19 

3 

133 

220 

191 

85 

4 

148 

292 

270 

19 

3 

195 

106 

92 

13 

I 

68 

142 

116 

23 

3 

90 

203 

188 

13 

2 

150 

993 

968 

24 

1 

176 

217 

166 

44 

7 

115 

167 

136 

25 

6 

90 

23 
29 
43 
75 
«9 
26 
38 
92 
51 
46 


In  the  Year  1823. 


81 
314 
172 
326 

92 
144 
194 
273 
162 

m 


76 
280 
160 
282 

77 
116 
184 
241 
134 
142 


5 
31 
10 
41 
12 
25 

9 
31 
27 
35 


none. 
3 
2 
3 
3 
3 
1 
t 
I 
1 


198 
104 
194 

60 

90  i. 
137 
165 

99 

92 


14 
8S 

66 
88 
27 
.25 
47 
76 
35 
50 


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252        ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1823. 


8.— RaruMi  of  the  Number  of  Persons  oommitted  to  New  Prison  Cierkenaell, 
from  the  sev^ml  P6li<^  Offices,  in  the  Years  ^821 ,  1822,  and  1823. 


OFFICES. 

Ycv  isei. 

tearlSSC. 

YcarlOes. 

TottL 

1.  Bow  Street    ••• 

538 
185 
776 
1,008 
912 

277 

715 

51 

1 

398 

323 

964 

882 

1,038 

^410 

751 

67 

270 

m 

871 

894 

1,006 

389 

'688 
56 

1,966 

9.  Hiames  Police * 

989 

8.  Laaibeth  Street 

2,611 

4.  Worship  Sti^et.'. 

2,M 

5.  Ibtton  Gaiden 

^856 

6.  Mary-le-bone,  from  16  July  1821,  and 
Shadwell  previous  to  that  day 

7*  Marlborough  Street • •«. 

1,076 
2,154 

8.  Queen  Square •••. 

174 

9.  UmonHall 

1 

Totals 

4,468 

4,833 

4,595 

13,891 

KaiDbcr 

tfainit 

wImBilli 

wcrefooad 

l^the 
QnndJBiy. 

NuDbcr 
Contietod. 

DISCHARGED. 

KUMBEK  OF  OOMMITWWm 

TEAK. 

OaYerdkt 
or 

KotGi%. 

Dnranoe  <n 
wtoeMei  or 
FroMcQton 

orftoM 

Convicted. 

Oflkow 
Aoqdtted. 

Of  Aon 

Diidnned. 

1821.... 

345 

209 

98 

38 

209 

98 

38 

1822*  •«.# 

489 

296 

116 

27 

300 

116 

28 

1883.... 

406 

246 

121 

37 

252 

123 

41 

TaUk,. 

1,190 

753 

335 

102 

761 

337 

107 

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APPENDIX  TO  CHRONICLE.        263 

3.— RsruRif  of  the  Nnmber  of  Persons  committed,  and  convicted^  to  the'Hons^  of 
Correction  in  Cold  Bath  Fields,  from  tlie  several  Folice  Offlcesy  in  the  Years 
1831, 1833,  and  1833 ;  upon  summary  Orders. 


NUMBERS  COMBHTTED. 

wbomBiUf 

1831. 

1833. 

1833. 

TOTAL. 

foond  tnrtlie 
Orud/ify. 

Boir  Street 

Murlborongh  Street. 
Hatton  Garden  .... 
Wofihip Street  .... 
iMsbethStieet.... 
TlMunesBdUee   .... 
Shadwell 

163 
610 
701 
813 
346 
140 

44 
103 

18 

875 
870 
^97 
470 
493 
615 

814 

47 

366 
503 
498 
843 
707 
487 

• 

173 

48 

704 

1^383 

1,790 

1,386 

1,445 

1,848 

44 

490 

107 

none. ^ 

none. 

nboe. 

none. 

none. 

none. 

none. 

none. 

none. 

MarT-le-bone 

Queen  Square...... 

8,338 

3,980 

3^19 

8,531 

POLICE  OFFICES. 

NUMBERS  C  ONVICTED. 

NUMBEI^  DISCHARGED. 

1881. 

1838. 

1883. 

TOTAL. 

1831. 

1888. 

1833. 

TOTAL. 

Bow  Street 

HarlbOttRi^n  Street.. 
Uatton Garden  .... 
wevHifp  otrees  «... 
Lambeth  Street.... 
ThameePblice   .... 
SiMidvrell 

108 
480 
666 
808 
387 
130 

35 
101 

18 

343 
346 

584 
454 
489 
606 

806 
47 

851 
483 
479 
635 
698 
486 
.  • 
168 
47 

601 

1,309 

1,739 

1,397 

1,414 

1,333 

35 

471 

106 

163 

645 

611 

315 

338 

104 

47 

78 

13 

356 
854 
634 
436 
459 
699 
■  • 

848 
48 

354 
537 
496 
6S3 
694 
397 

•  . 

164 

'     45 

673 
1,436 
1,741 
1,304 
1,391 
1,300 
47 

Mary^le-bone  .•••.. 
Queen  Sqaare 

0 
106 

1,967 

8,876 

3,841 

8,084 

8,114 

3j034 

3,840 

8,388 

Digitized  by 


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284         ANNUAL   REGISTER,   (823. 


I 


I. 

Is 


IS 


I* 

%^ 

'I 

s| 

If 

fl 

f 
•SI 

l« 


lit 


^1 


I  1 1 


^SS 


Seo 


§3123 


ih|if 


fl 

IMP* 


8)sa 


Sll 


§11  ^ 


i 

I 

■ll 

.S'3 

i? 
li 

I: 
i1 


"8 

I 

I 


t 


I 


mm 


JO  P!pd»A  w>  p»l 


-       •  H   •  •  •  B  •  •  •  *• 
•^  •-.  '^  •••  • 

•-T   "^    "^  "Tl  •. 

iii 


Si 


CO  « 


lO  CO  OD 


s     s 


9         8 

Hi 


¥M 


S      S 


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APPBia>IX  TO  CHRONICLE.        .  SS5 


T-r*- 


mm 


9"*"!  I  I  I 


2252-' I  1  I 


9^*^  I  I  I  \ 


82J:"'  I  J  I 


■§SS!«  I  I  I 


S 


|S8» I  I  I 


TT 


•      ■    fC   ZS  ,kJ    u    (^ 


;l»ll 


c  t  S  33  *fi- 
ts  ^  Z  ^  B 


I  I  I  I  1- 


Ol  --t  <>*  p^  C*  ^  ^ 


S  I  I  (-1  I" 


*^  '^  t*^  ft!  «  « 


^   ^l>tF^«    -J   0« 


:  ''^  %  e^  {^  fi^  «9 


•»     Ml 


9  ■ 
'C  ^  > 


ad  S  p  +» -5  .c 


MCO  «4  ^p*     I  M 


n 


04 


g«"*-'  j-  ^ 


a***?^  J  *.  j 
M 


E<3  O^u?    i  flS    f 


^-«,«  |«  I 


g  "-^  a  S  **  "S  *Q 


Digitized  by 


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266      AHNUAL   REGISTER,    1823. 


?   ' 


Tablb  of  the  Extent  and  State  of  the  Royal  Forests. 
(From  the  Crown  Land  ReporU.) 


NewFortst  • 

Dean  Forest 

Alice  Holt  Forest 
.Woolmer  F'orest  ••• 

^re  Forest 

Whi^ewood  Fontt 
SalceyForest  .... 
Wlildhwood  Forest  < 
Walthsm  ForeU  ••. 
'Windsor Forest  ... 
DeUmere  Forest. . . 
Fsrkhurst  Forest... 


***^j|f#iith  of 


6,ooa 

11.000 
1,881  i 

1,700. 

i,4ir 

1.181 
l,S4t 

4,408 
3,847 


38.01i 

II  I         1* 


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(  I*  > 


LAW  CASES  AND  NARRATIVES. 


Anus  Court  at  Pabis. 

Trial  qf  CaHaing,  the  Physician, 
Jar  AfurdfT.— Nov.  11-17. 

THE  trial  commeiioed  on  Mon- 
lUKf  the  nth  of  November.  At 
a  quarter  past  10  o'clock,  Cas- 
taiog^  the  prisoner^  was  Inou^t 
intocottrt  He  was  a  youn^  man 
of  a  fair  con^lexioaj  and  an  mter- 
rwtintt  ^pxn,  with  a  taJid  and 
gentk  Toice,  and  of  peculiarly  cahn 
and  decorouf  manners.  The  bar, 
uf^  which  the  articles  necessary 
to  the  OQQTiction  of  the  prisoner 
are  usually  placed,  did  not  upon 
this  occasion  present  any  blood- 
stained garment^,  or  any  spoils 
tahon  bm.  the  person  of  the  mur- 
dered victim :  but  a  ran^  of  de- 
canters, l^otdes,  and  phials,  con- 
taming  either  die  poisons  found  in 
the  house  of  the  accused,  or  the 
analyzed  results  of  them;  together 
with  'two  chests,  tied  and  sealed 
1^,  in  which  were  contained  other 
■ufastances,  designed  as  tests  for 
them. 

The  prisoner  dedaced  his  name 
to  be  Edme  Samuel  Cattaing,  his 
afge  to  be  27  years  or  thereabouts, 
his  profession  to  be  that  of  physic, 
his  birth^ldace  to  be  Alen^on,  and 
his  vesidaice  to  be  No.  31^  Rue 
^Enfer,  Paris. 

Theindictment  was  then  |»ad, 
and  occupied  the  time  of  the  court 
fiqpa  eleven  o'clock  tiU  half-past 
tgn.  It  was  divided  into  thiee 
parts,  eadi  coatainiiMr  a  distiuct 

Vw.  LXV. 


chaige  against  the  prisoner.  The 
.first  was,  that  eady  m  the  month  0^ 
October,  1822,  he  attempted  the 
life  of  Daniel  Hippelyte  Bfedlet  by 
certain  substances  calculated  to 
produce  death;  the  second,  that, 
about  the  same  tiine,in  conjuncticm 
with  Claude  Louis  Auguste  Ballet, 
deceased,  he  purposely  destroyed 
the  last  will  and  testament  of  tbfi 
above-men&med  Daniel  Hippoly  te 
Ballet;  and  the  third,  that  mt^ 
last  days  of  the  month  of  May,  and 
on  the  Ist  of  June,  1823,  he  also 
attempted  the  life  of  tho  abov»- 
mentioned  Claude  Louis  Auguste 
Ballet,  by  substances  calculated  to 
produce  death.  Under  eadi  c^ 
these  charges  there  was  stated  in  the 
indictment  the  motive  whieh  was 
sujNDosed  to  have  led  the  {Mrisoner 
to  Uie  commission  of  these  crimeSv 
and  also  the  direct  and  drcuaf 
stantial  evidence  by  which  thc^ 
were  to  be  established  a^ndnst  him. 
The  motiveaU^^  for  Uie  nuuEder 
of  Hif^yte  &llet  was  this: — 
that  Castaing,  who  was  not  pos- 
sessed of  any  private  fortune,  hav^ 
ing  been  distinguished  from  his 
earliest  youth,  tor  a  |^roffigacy  of 
conduct,  whidi  led  him  into  the 
most  ruinous  expenses,  determined 
to  supply  those  expenses  by  mur- 
dew^  mppolyte  Ballet,  by  de- 
stroying his  gmuine  will,  by  farg^ 
mg  anodier,  and  by  s^Ifing  the 
vml  so  forged  for  a  valuaMa 
consideration  to  his  brother 
Louis  Auguste.  The  cvcumstaaoea 


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2*  ANNUAL   REGISTER.    1823. 


having  Doisoned  Hippolyte  were 
principally  these: — Ist^  That  he 
was  his  medical  adviser,  and,  1 7 
days  before  his  death,  bought  a 
considerable  quantity  (^  the  acetate 
de  morphine;  secondly,  that  about 
that  pe^od  he  w]^  much  engaged 
'in  trying  different  poisons,  and  had 
conyers3  with  M.  Chemlier  re- 
gardlnjK  those,  whose  efiects  were 
most  llely  to  escape  detection ; 
thirdly,  that  on  tne  evening  of  the 
day  in  which  Hippoljrte  was  taken 
ill,  Castaing  trumped  up  a  story  to 
Au^ste  regarding  80,000  francs 
havmg  been  promised  by  Madame 
Martignon  to  some  individual,  pro- 
vided he  could  make  Hiijpoljrte's 
will  in  her  favour  valid,  a  story 
evidently  invented  to  pave  the 
way  to  his  ulterior  proposition  to 
Auguste  of  procuring  another  will 
for  100,000 francs;  fourthly,  that, 

"four  days  after  this  proposal 
was  made,  Hippolyte  died,  and 
that  the  symptoms,  which  appeared 
on  his  body  being  opened,  were 
such  as  would  ensue  in  case  of  an 
individual's  bein^  poisoned  by  the 

'  acetate  de  morphine  as  well  as  in  case 
of  hisdyingfrom  an  inflammatipn  of 
the  lungs.  The  motive  alleged  for 
the  destruction  of  one  will,  and 
the  forgery  of  another,  was  the 
same  as  that  alleged  for  the  com- 
mission of  the  first  crime ;  and  the 
proofs  of  it  were  as  follows : — The 

"existence  of  a  prior  will,  well 
known  to  several  individusds  and 
admitted  by  Aueuste  Ballet  and 
the  prisoner  ;^tTic  "btjast  of  CaM- 
tfling  to  Augustc%  that  he  hod 
t^used  the  .suppression  of  one  copy 
of  it  that  was  hi  the  hands  of  Hip- 
polyte, and  his  d^'daration  in 
general  terms,  that  the  other  dupli- 
cate nmst  eidst  somewhere  ;^— his 
Aubftequent  asaertion,  On  the  even- 
ing that  Hippolyte  fell  sick,  that 
Madame  Martignon^  the  testator's 


sister,  had  promised  80,000 
francs  to  the  person  with  whom 
the  will  was  deposited,  if  it  was 
valid;  and  his  avowal  that  he 
would  take  certain  steps  with  xe« 
^ard  to  Lebret,  the  only  person 
with  whom  it  cotlld  \e  deputed  ; 
-~the  fact  that  no  one  was  per* 
mitted  to  see  Hippolyte  during 
his  short  illness — ^the  propooal  o£ 
Castaing  within  a  few  daj$  aftcx 
his  dea^,  to  nay  100,000  franea 
to  Lebret  to  destroy  the  will — 
Castaing^s  visit,  on  the  day  of  H%^- 
'pol3rte's  death,  to  Lebret,  and  m 
letter  of  Auguste  on  the  samelfisy 
"for  the  immediate  supplv  6f 
100,000  francs—the  sale  of  Aif- 
guste's  effects  by  his  agent  on  tfke 
7th  of  October  to  that  vmcfant, 
and  his  payment  of  that  sum  t^ 
Auguste,  in  an  order  on  the  Bmaik 
of  France— the  payment  of  tluii 
order  at  the  bank  in  the  presence 
of  Castaing  and  Prignon—- acnd 
Castaing's  denial  and  subsequent 
'  confession  of  that  drcumstanoe-— 
Castaing's  subsequent  visit  by  hxni- 
self  to  Lebret  —  the  avowal  of 
Auguste  upon  that  day  to  Prignon^ 
that  he  had  thrown  100,000 
francs  out  of  the  window  to  suc- 
ceed to  his  brother^s  pronerty,  and 
to  Mademoiselle  Perollie  (his  mis- 
tress) that  he  had  done  with 
Lebret,  that  he  had  gotten  bis 
brother's  will,  and  that  there  was 
the  seal  of  it ; — ^his  declaration  to 
several  witnesses,  that  he  had  paid 
this  sum  of  100,^X)0  francs  by  tEe 
agency  of  Castaing,  and  Castaing's 
avowal,  that  it  wasall  he  eou^ddo  to 
get  Auguste  to  trust  him  withit;«— - 
the  disoivery,  sitet  great  TeaesxA, 
that  Lebret's  fortune  did  not  in* 
crease  a  single  farthing  aboat  diis 
period,  and  that  Casiinng,  who,s^pw 
weeks  b^ore,  could  not  fiiy  s  Ull 
of  eooi^ncs,  hlidleiit  his  itiottrr 
on  the   nth  of  Octobbt,  |«S2« 


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3*^ 


30,000  francs  without  interest, 
to  be  repaid  in  15  years,  and 
his  mistress  on  the  14th,  4,000 
francs  without  interest,  to  be  re- 
paid in  5  years ;  and  on  the  same 
day  had  also  purchased  66,000 
francs  in  stock,  making  a  total  of 
100,000  francs; — and  lastly,  the 
absurd,  and  contradictory  accounts, 
which  Castaing  had  given  of 
his  sudden  mode  of  acquiring  so 
much  wealth.  For  the  third 
charge,  that  of  poisoning  Auguste, 
the  same  motive  as  before  was 
giM^sted,  and  the  proofs  to  esta- 
bl^  it,  were  arrayed  in  the  fol- 
lowing order:  Castaing,  it  was 
allegea,  had  persuaded  Auguste  to 
make  a  will,  in  which  he  was  ap- 
pointed universal  legatee,  and  on 
obtaining  that  will,Iud  in  a  stock 
ofvege^le  poisons,  amongst  which 
it  was  well  known  that  the  acetate 
de  morphine  was  one.  In  the 
jaxmth  of  May  last,  he  went  to  the 
house  of  a  lawy^  called  Malassis, 
on  one  occasion,  to  learn  whether 
a  will  made  in  favour  of  a  physi- 
dan  was  valid,  and  on  another  to 
iieqtuce  him  to  receive  such  a  will, 
jeAdiaft,  that  the  person  who  had 
qiade  it  was  attacked  by  a  danger- 
ous disease,  and  had  spit  mood 
^•ereral  times — a  circumstance  en- 
tirely false.  In  a  few  days  after 
these  conversations,  Castaing, 
Ihpugb  his  profession  required  his 
ifoostant  attendance  at  Paris, 
^formed  a  country  party  with  Au- 
.fUite  to  visit  St.  Qermaine  and  St. 
Cloud.  On  the  morning  of  the 
:99th  ci  May,  they  set  out  for  St. 
.O^rmaine-en-Laye  in  a  small  car- 
^9¥^j  and  without  servants,  though 
jAjignste  h9d  thrc^  hpnes,  a  car- 
itll^  of  his  owia,  aao^  s^r^juits, 
lidK)  weve  ^oing  nothing ; — tlmt 
Jhey  vetnroed  to  Paris  in  the  after- 
tjopon  f^  t}ie  8iui|e  day,  and  lejft  it 
«iP  AM^;eiii|ig  in  the  ^uise  mann^ 


as  they  had  quitted  in  the  mom^ 
ing.  In  the  interval  between  these 
two  rides,  Castaing  went,  without 
any  apparent  motive,  to  his  own 
house,  in  which  he  kept  a  quantity 
of  acetate  de  morphine,  and  also  to 
the  house  of  Malassis,  where, 
though  Malassis  was  not  at  homc^ 
he  leu  Auguste's  will  and  a  letter 
without  signature.  On  the  same 
evening,  Castaing  and  his  friend 
arrived  at  St.  CK>ud>  walked  to- 
gether during  the  whole  of  the 
30th,  ^nd  in  the  evening,  en- 
tered the  inn  of  the  fikcka- 
moor's  Head.  On  their  entering, 
Castaing  asked  for  some  warm 
wine  for  his  friend,  into  which  he 
said  that  it  was  not  necessary  to  put 
any  sugar,  as  h^  had  himself 
bought  sugar  in  the  town;  he 
also  said,  that  he  had  bought 
lemons,  and  these,  it  was  suggested, 
were  for  the  purpose  of  neutral- 
izing the  bitter  taste  of  the  acetaie 
de  morphine  in  warm  wine.  After 
the  sugar  and  lemon  had  been  put 
into  the  wine  by  Castaing  without 
witnesses,  it  was  offered  to  Au- 
guste;^ who  was  so  disgusted  with 
Its  bitterness  as  to  drink  but  a  very 
small  portion  of  it  He  passed,  how- 
ever, a  very  restless  night,  and,  in 
the  morning,  was  not  able  to  get 
up.  At  four  o'clock  the  next 
nunrning,  Castaing  roused  the  peo- 
ple of  the  inn,  to  open  the  doors, 
that  he  mig^t  walk  into  the  park, 
as  he  said^  but  in  reality  that  he 
might  go  to  Paris,  and  there  pur* 
chase  an  emetic,  and  some  acetaie 
de  morphine. 

The  indictment  further  stated, 
that  Castaing  on  his  return  to  the 
inn^  imm^^t^y  galled  for  some 
,ooU  milk,  ai|d.prdered  Auguste  to 
take  it;  tha^  Auguste  did  so,  and 
was imin^diatdy seiz^  by. a  vio- 
lent fit  of  ^ckoeisand  purfling ;,  that 
Augoste  having  propos^  to  #avj& 

A*  2 


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a  pbjrsician  sent  for  from  Paris,  a 
physician  of  the  place  came  instead, 
who  desired  Castaine  to  prescribe 
for  his  friend;  mat  Castaii:^ 
refused,  and  Requested  this  physi- 
cian, M.  Pigache,  to  write  down 
his  prescriptions,  and  that,  having 
obtained  them,  he  preserved  them 
carefully,  in  order  to  show  that 
Au^uste  had  been  under  other 
memdnal  advice  than  his;  that 
this  physician  offered  to  return  to 
see  his  patient,  but  that  Castaing 
refused  him  leave;  that  Castaing 
did  not  administer  the  prescriptions 
of  M.  Pigache,  that  M.  Pigache, 
however  repeated  his  visits,  and, 
finding  every  symptom  of  his 
.  patient  worse,  he  thereupon  cup- 
ped and  bled  him,  which  produced 
some  improvement;  that  he  pro- 
posed to  repeat  the  operation,  but 
was  dissuaded  by  Castaing;  that 
Castaing,  i^parently  by  order 
of  Auguste,  sent  for  a  servant  and 
a  carnage  from  Paris,  but  at  the 
same  time,  commanded  in  the  name 
of  Auguste,  in  the  most  express 
tenns,  that  his  illness  should  be 
concealed,  and  that  no  person 
should  be  allowed  to  come  to  him 
at  St^ Cloud;  that  on  the  arrival 
of  the  servant,  who  had  been  sent 
for,  he  placed  in  his  hands  two 
keys  belonging  to  Auguste,  and 
ordered  him  to  carry  them  imme^ 
diately  to  Malassb;  that  M.  Pi- 
eache  ordered  a  soothing  drau^t 
for  the  patient;  that  Castamsr 
save  him  a  spocmful  of  it,  and 
Qiat,  within  three  minutes,  the 
patiait  fell  into  a  fit,  lost  his 
•smses,  and  shortly  afterwards  ex- 
pired in  great  agonies;  that  the 
physicians  examined  the  body  of 
'Auguste,  and  found  in  it  upon 
dissection  all  the  symptoms  whldi 
were  likely  to  be  there,  if  Auguste 
had  been  poisoned  by  the  emetic 
or  the  aeeUUe  de.  morphine,  tl^ough 


they  would  not  undertake  to  way 
that  those  drugs  were'the  cause  irf* 
his  death. 

After  the  reading  of  the  infict- 
ment  was  conduded,  the  President 
ordered  the  witnesses  on  both 
sides  to  withdraw.  The  order  ^^ras 
immediately  obeyed ;  and  65  wit- 
nesses on  the  part  of  the  Crown, 
and  9,6  on  the  part  of  the  defence, 
left  the  court. 

Castaing  was  then  examine<l  by 
the  President,  and  in  answer  to 
questions  put  to  him,  asserted,  that 
he  had  never  written  a  Anf^ 
prescription  for  M.  Hippolyte  Bal- 
let during  his  illness ;  ^t  he  bad 
never  prevented  any  of  his  rela- 
tions from  coining  to  see  him ;  but 
that,  on  the  contrary,  he  had  given 
Madame  Martignon  an  opportunity 
of  seeing  her  brother,  contrar^r  to 
his  express  wish  and  desire.  He 
admitted  that  he  was  w^  ac- 
quainted with  the  effects  of  v^et- 
able  poisons,  and  thathehadbou^ht 
a  considerable  quantity  of  the  aceUde 
de  morphine  about  the  time  oT  M. 
Hippolyte's  death;  and  in  oppo- 
sition to  his  first  declarations^  at- 
tributed the  rapidity  of  that  gentle- 
man's death  to  the  bad  state  of 
his  lungs.  He  denied  that  Hip- 
poljTte  had  ever  made  a  will,  Imt 
admitted  that  he  had  drawn  up 
the  prmet  of  one  upon  a  loose 
piece  of  paper,  in  which  be  left 
the  greater  part  of  his  property  to 
his  uterine  sister,  and  httle  or 
nothing  to  his  brother;  and  diat, 
in  consequence  of  a  conversatian 
which  passed  between  himself  and 
Hippolyte,  that  proi^  was  de- 
stroyed, and  H^polyte  beeaaae 
reconciled  to  his  broUier  aboot  a 
monthbeforehisdeath.  Retakied 
that  he  had  ever  paid,  or  dsid  i^mx 
he  had  paid,  I00;000  fhoica  to 
Lebret  to  obtain  f^m  him  tbe 
duplicate  of  the  will  plM^d   u 


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A* 


Iiis  hftodf:;  and  aanrted  that 
MadenunfleQe  Percillie,  in  saying 
that  he  had  made  such  a  declar- 
ation, was  influenced  by  the  hatred 
which  she  felt  against  him  for  his 
endeavours  to  wean  Auguste  from 
her  society.  He  aUow^  that  he 
went,  on  the  8th  of  October^  with 
Auguste  and  Prignon  to  the  bank 
of  France,  but  protested  that 
Auguste  had  never  shown  to  him 
any  notes,  or  bundles  of  notes, 
which  he  then  received.  He  ac* 
knowledged,  that  he  had  been 
frequent^  dunned  for  a  biU  of  600 
francs;  but  the  reason  of  tluit 
was  that  he  had.accepted  it  for  a 
friend,  and  that  he  thought  it  hard 
that  he  should  be  compdled  to  pay 
it.  He  admitted,  that  he  had  re- 
ceived a  g^  of  100,000  francs 
from  M.  Ballet ;  but  fnat  was 
partly  in  payment  of  a  perpetual 
rent-charge  of  4,500  francs,  which 
M.  Hippdyte  had  left  him  by  wilL 
On  ue  third  head  cf  diarge, 
the  prisoner  admitted  that  he  was 
acquainted  with  Auguste's  design 
of  making  a  will;  the  reason, 
which  Auguste,  who  was  a  young 
man,  gave  for  makingit  was,  that, 
after  seeing  his  father,  mother, 
and  brother  die  shortly  af^  each 
other,  he  was  afiraid  that  he  Imn- 
•elf  should  not  live  Ions,  especially 
as  he  frequently  .  sunered  much 
from  swellmgs  in  the  throat,  and 
thought  himself  liable  to  a  laryn« 
gian  phthisis.  He  had  gone  with 
Auguste  Ballet,  on  the  25th  of 
May,  to  carry  his  will  to  the  house 
(^Malassis.  On  the  29th  of  May, 
he  had  gpne  with  him  to  St  Ger- 
main-en-Laye,  to  hire  lodgings 
in  the  country  for  the  summer. 
"Wlulat  there,  they  called  upon 
aeveral  ^^tlem^  of  their  ac- 
quaintawe,  and  afW  strolling  in 
uie  parlji,  returned  to  Paris.  At 
this  tim%  Auguste  had  no  symp- 


toms of  illnets  pronerly  so  called, 
except  it  were  a  aull  heavy  pain 
in  his  head.  It  was  about  half 
past  eight  o'clock  in  the  eveninff, 
that  they  started  for  St.  Cloud. 
He  went  there  at  that  hour  to 
please  Auguste,  and  for  no  other 
reason. 

Tuetday,  Nov.  12.— The  ex- 
amination of  the  prisons  was 
continued. 

Being  asked  what  motive  Au- 
guste could  have  for  makinffhim  his 
universal  legatee,  after  he  had 
already  given  him  100,000  francs 
as  a  reward  for  his  conduct  on  the 
death  of  his  brother  M.  Hippolyte, 
he  replied  that  Auguste  did  not  love 
his  sister,  but  always  recollected  the 
annoyances  which  he  had  suffered 
in  his  youth  from  the  extreme 
partiality  which  his  mother  had 
shown  to  Madame  Martignon. 
Being  likevnse  asked  in  what 
manner  he  had  spent  the  30th  of 
May  at  St.  Cloud,  he  replied  that 
they  had  strolled  up  and  down  the 
park  as  far  as  Calvaire,  and  in  the 
evening  as  far  as  Sevres ;  that  they 
had  taken  a  meal  at  Comaille's; 
and  that,  during  that  day,  Auguste 
had  complained  of  the  ehc^c,  and 
had  more  than  once  been  ocHupeDed 
to  retire  into  the  forest  He  ad- 
mitted, that,  on  entering  their  inn, 
wine  had  been  ceJled  for,  thou^ 
he  did  not  know  whether  it  was 
by  Auffuste  or  himself.  He  or- 
dered them  to  put  no  sugar  in  it, 
because  Auguste  had  bouffht  some 
at  the  confectioner's.  He  had  him- 
self bought  the  lemons;  and  the 
only  reason  why  the  keeper  of  the 
inn  was  not  allowed  to  furnish 
every  thing  was,  because  Auguste 
thought  tluit  thejrdidnotknowhow 
to  mix  them  properly.  He  quitted 
the  room,  as  the  wine  was  brought 
in,  and  Auffuste  mixed  the  lemon 
and  sugar  in  it,  whilst  he  was 


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absent  and  attending  in  hii  inedi- 
cal  capacity  on  a  servant  of  the 
landlord  who  happened  to  be  ilL 
He  admitted^  that,  on  his  retum> 
Auguste  complained  to  him  of  the 
bitterness  of  the  wine;  but  on 
being  asked  whether  he  did  not 
know  that  the  acetate  de  morphine 
gave  a  bitter  taste  to  draughts^  he 
replied  that  he  could  not  speak  to 
that  point  from  his  own  kno wled^ ; 
Aaguste  had  a  very  restless  ni^t, 
and  so  had  he  himsdf,  in  conse* 
quince  of  the  noise  which  the  cats 
and  dogs  made. 

The  President. — And  yet  all  the 
inhabitants  of  Comaille's  house 
depose^  that  there  was  no  noise  in  it 
whatever  upon  that  night. 

The  prisoner's  examination  con- 
tinued.— On  the  momine  of  the 
Slst  of  May  he  proposed  a  walk 
to  Auguste;  but  Auguste  said 
"No,  we  waUced enough  yesterday; 
my  feet  are  very  much  swollen, 
and  I  shall  not  be  able  to  put  on 
my  boots."  Finding  that  to  be  the 
case,  he  got  up  himself  at  4  o'clock 
in  the  morning,  and  walked  to 
Paris,  for  the  purpose  of  procuring 
poison  to  destroy  the  animals 
which  had  disturbed  them  during 
the  night,  and  also  to  make  experi- 
ments with. 

Being  asked  why  he  purchased 
the  poison  of  two  different  drug- 
cists,  he  replied  that  his  original  ' 
intention  haid  been  to  go  to  his  own 
house  for  it,  but  that  he  had 
changed  his  mind  in  consequence 
of  recollecting  that  his  brother, 
whom  he  had  not  seen  for  seven 
years,  was  there,  and  would  pre- 
vent him  from  returning  toAuguste 
at  St.  Cloud.  On  that  account  he 
purchased  the  acetate  de  morphine 
of  M.  Chevalier.  At  first  he  did 
not  think,  that  he  should  want  the 
emetic,  but  afterwards,  recollecting 
that  it  might  be  necessary,  he  pniw 


dtased  it  of  a  dnigpst^  wltaMs  liUP^ 
was  in  his  road  toSt  Cloud.     Hb 
got  back  to  St  Clond  betWcee   f 
and  8  o'dock  in  the  momiog :  maA 
on  his  arrival  lliere,    askea,    hf 
desire  of  Auguste,  for  a  jug  of  nevr 
milk  warm  from  the  oow.    Om 
getting  it,  Auguste  poured  oat  tke 
milk,  and  drank  it ;  so  also  dii  he. 
Auguste,  within  three  quarters  of 
an  hour  after  drmking  this  rniik^ 
was  seized  with  violent  vemitiagi 
and  fi^uent  evacuations  of  hSt 
and  bla^  substances ;  by  the  pri*> 
Boner's  order,  a  servant  took  ««ra^ 
the  pot,  into  which  these 
ationshad  been  made.     The 
soner  next  admitted,  that  he  1 
left  the  room ;  stnd  bdng  asked 
why  he  did  so,  said  it  was  to  ftins 
into  the  privy  the  acetate  de  wtor^ 
phine  and  the  emetic,   whidi   lie 
nad  purchased  in  Paris,  and  whicb 
he  had  mixed  together  in  s  ^laL 
About    11     o'clock    the    doctor^ 
Pigache,   first  arrived,   and  pr&. 
scribed  a  cooling  draught  for  tliapi^ 
tient,  who  only  todc  it  twice.  Aboot 
one  o'clock  the  doctor  came  again^ 
and  prescribed  a  different  drsi^j^ 
whidi  was  made  up  at  a  droggntk^ 
at  Boulogne.    Casting  admitted, 
that    he    gave    Auguste    sevet!al 
spoonsful  of  this  draught, 
told  that  a  witness,  who  had 
him  administer  a  spoonful  ef  tids 
draught,   declared,    that,    Widiln 
five  minutes  afterwards,  the  laost 
alarming  sjrmptoms  appealed    ht 
Auguste,   accompanied  by  sfetoag 
convulsions,  he  replied  that  Qnom 
symptoms  did  not  appear  tali  9 
o'clock,  when  Auguste  had  taken 
several  spoonsful,  tmd  that  AngMte 
did  not  lose  his  knowledge  tff  wlMt 
was  passing  around  him  till 'ten 
o'clock,  a  poiht  on  wMck  the  ]MU 
sident  informed  him  he-was  directly 
contradicted  by   other  witaeftes. 
The  prisoner  further  stated,  Ikat, 


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7« 


i^ven  o'clodk,  he  Ued  AugiuU^ 
9iid  ocdere^  bnn  to  iq[i^7  le£he«; 
tfaat  be  aooorduighr  did  so:  tha^ 
H.  ligP^^  advisieda  leoondbleed-i 
ing,  but  es^ressed  a  fear  lest  the 
patient  ahould  eapire  in  the  midst 
of  it;  tliat  he  did  not  object  to  itj 
but  only  said  that  it  was  a  matter 
cf  great  delicacy.  Being  asked 
bia  opinian  as  to  the  causes  of  thcf 
|fa(da  pfoffress  of  Au^te's  disease. 
be  i)eplle4  that  be  waa  ignocant  of 
diem ;  that,  as  to  the  nature  of  the 
diaeaseir  it  qipfared  to  him  at  first 
to  be  a  cholera  morhut ;  and  after* 
wards  to  be  a  congestion  on  the 
brain,  occasioned  b^  an  inflammac 
tiotf  of  the  intestines.  He  ac** 
knowledged  writing  a  letter  to 
Malassisy  informing  him  that  he 
sent  him  two  keys^  and  recom^ 
mending  him  not  to  say  that  he 
bad  received  them  from  him  (Cas« 
taiiig),  and  to  conceal  their  rela- 
tjopship  with  each  other.  Being 
asked  why  he  had  denied  the 
writing  of  such  aletter  on  afonner 
ieraminarion,  he  answered,  that 
be  bad  done  so  to.  conceal  a  dr- 
nimstanre,  wluch  miffht  a|ppear  to 

Sit  suipidon  upon  nis  conduct, 
e  denied  all  biowledge  of  the 
l^eys  which  he  had  sent  to  Malassisy 
and  of  the  contents  of  the  boxes 
wboaa  locks  they  opened. 

The  president  inSfonned  the  pri- 
foner,  that  other  person^  who  were 
less  in  the  confiaenoe  of  Auj^uste 
than  be  was,  were  well  acquainted 
with  tl^e  fact  of  Auguste's  having 
received,  only  a  few  days  before 
bia  death,  100,000  finncs,  and  of 
his  baring  70,000  francs  in  banik 
Botea  still  untouched  in  one  of  his 
bases.  He  therefore  wished  ^ 
know,  when  it  was  that  he  sent  tl^ 
kejs  to  Malassis. 

The  pnsoner  relied,  that  it  was 
on  the  31st  of  May. 


Pkeadent — All  dus  anfao^ 
mfflit  is  perfecdy  consistent  with 
your  interests  as  universal  legatee* 
I  now  ask  you,  whether*  on  the 
day  the,  body  was  opened,  you  did 
not  try  to  speak  with  M*  P^etan  ?. 
^Idid. 

Why  ? — To  ask  him  the  result 
of  the  operation. 

Did  you  not  ask  bin,  whether 
any  thing  had  been  discovered, 
which  oould  inspire  you  with 
alarm  ? — I  do  nojt  recollect. 

Why  were  yoii  so  uneasy,  if  you 
had  nothing  to  r^roach  your  oon- 
sdence  withal  ? — Terrible  suspi- 
cions were  afloat  regarding  me. 

The  prisoner's  examination  hav- 
ing dosed,  the  president  suspended 
the  sitting  for  half  an  hour.  On 
its  re-opening, 

M.  Martignon,  the  brother-in-- 
law of  Hij^olyte  and  August^ 
Ballet,  (beinff  pariie  civile  in  the 
cause,  he  ooiud  not  eive  evidenop 
upon  oath),  was  ciuled  upon  to 
state  what  he  knew  regarding  the 
death  of  Hifpoly  te  BaUet 

M.  Marti^ncm  said,  that,  in  con- 
sequence of  uie  improvement  which 
appeared  visible  in  Hippolyte's 
h^th  at  the  condusion  of  the 
month  c^  S^tember,  1822,  he 
was  considerably  surprised  at  hear- 
ing, on  Thursday,  the  1st  of  Octo- 
ber, of  his  being  very  dangerously 
ill,  and,  on  the  following  day,  ci 
his  being  in  the  very  agonies 
of  death.  Af^  recounting  the 
excuses  to  which  Castaing  resorted 
to  prevent  his  wife  from  having 
access  to  her  brother  during  this 
illness,  he  informed  the  court,  that 
on  the  evening  of  Hippolyte's 
death,  he  had,  with  the  consent 
of  Castainff,  cdled  in  another  phy- 
sician, MTSegalas;  that,  after 
Hi]jipolyte's  death,  that  physician 
advised  that  his  body  would  be 
opened,  not  from  any  suspicion 


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tf  1uB  having  been  poiBoned,  but 
tttider  the  i£a  that  die  complaint 
^  which  he  died  was  a  family  com* 
plaint^  and  that  the  knowledge  so 
acquirad  of  its  nature  mig^t  be  of 
use  to  his  surviving  relatives;  that 
he  informed  Auguste  Ballet  and 
Castaing  of  this  proposal;  that  they 
agreed  to  it ;  that  the  body  was 
subsequently  opened  by  Castaing 
and  M.  Segalas;  and  that  the  ap- 
pearances of  the  head  and  stomach 
weie  preciBely  similar  to  those 
afterwards  observed  in  the  head 
land  stomadi  of  Auguste.  He  also 
stated,  tbftt  when  H^ppoly  te's  de& 
and  drawers  were  opened,  not  a 
paper  of  any  description  was  found 
m  ^bewLp  thouj^  it  was  known,  tliat 
he  kept  receipts  of  all  his  expendi- 
ture— ^nor.  any  money,  though 
Dippobrte  had'tdld  him,  only  lae 
day  berore  his  diness,  that  he  had 
6,000  francs  by  him,  to  pay  his 
carpet-maker^s  bill.  He  a&med 
that  he  knew  nothing  of  any  will 
heme  in  existence. 

The  President — Have  you  had 
no  explanation  with  Lebret  r^ard- 
ing  Hippoljrte'fl  will  ? 

M.  Martignoiu— Lebret  told  me, 
that  Castaing,  who  had  been  com- 
missioned to  look  for  it,  had  told 
liim,  that  Hippolyte  had  made  a 
will  in  our  favour,  but  had  after- 
wards destroyed  it.  I  replied  to 
him,  **  So  much  the  better,  for 
it  would  have  irritated  Auguste 
against  us.** 

The  preadent  then  called  upon 
him  to  state,  what  he  knew  re- 
garding Annate  Ballet. 

M.  Martignon  then  declared, 
that,  on  the  &y  of  Auguste's  death, 
being  informed  that  Auguste  lay 
dangerously  ill  at  St.  Croud,  he 
immediately  set  off  for  that  place, 
but  did  not  arrive  at  it  until  after 
Angiiste's  death.  The  physicians, 
Stffiu  saoA'  Pidktan,   there  in- 


ftmned  him,  that  iat  <ircuuultnttl 
of  htt  brother-in-law's  death  wei^ 
so  extraordinary,    timt  ^bej  itn 
quired  judicial  inveatigatiai ;  snip 
in  consequence,  he  consented  daft 
they  should  Joiptily  draw  17  t 
pmdr  vefM.    WMlst  iStk  wtt 
doing,   Castaing   came  into  te 
room,  and  being  informed  of  theb 
proceedings,   oxprtond  ins  wim 
approbation  of  tiieni,    stanng  ^ 
Ihesame  tiniB,  that  it  was  Us  c«i* 
nion  that  Auguste  had  died  of  s 
congestion  on  the  brain,  oconMim 
by  some  pecuniaiy  losses,  and  sbo 
by  his  erief  for  having  deserted 
Mademmselle  Perdffi^  c^  when 
he  was  strongly  cnamouied.   Oki 
Retiring  with  Castaing,  he  sAsd 
him,  whether  his  brodiewn-kt 
had  said  any  thing  to  him  regsid- 
ing  the  di^ositidii  of  his  propertf  . 
Castaing  relied,  that  he  hid  giveo 
him  two  keys  to*  send  to  a  nsn 
caUed  Malassis.    (fe  desired  Css- 
taing  not  to  send  them  to  Aat  per- 
son without  giving  him  prefiow 
information,  and  Castaing  saidl^ 
he  would  not    He  then  descriW 
Ihe  proceedings  wUdi  took  pbw 
at  St,  Qood,  before  the  Jfp  * 
pave,  ftom  Acir  &rst  institotfam 
down  to  the  time  diat  Castsii^ 
was  taken  into  custody.    When  w 
first  saw  Castaing  after  that  Bvent, 
Castaing  told  him  that  he  hsd «» 
knowledge  of   Auffustc's  ha^ 
left  any  will;  but  Uiat  after^n"* 
when  the  body  had  been  &atft^* 
and  when  the  JVocaneifr  d»  ^ 
at  his  request,  had  adnd  Ci^ 
for  Auguste's  keys,  Castaing  ^ 
m  giving  them  up,  "  U  iii^^ 
look  for  the  will  you  want  AbJJ» 
it  isMnneceseary,  for  that  is  in  ^ 
hands  of  M.  Malassis.-    In  coy- 
quence,  he  wuted  upon  M.  j^ 
mm,   who  confomed  wl»t  O^ 
'  taing  had  said,  and  promised  wj* 
tod^postt  the  wittin  the  baois  « 


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L-AfW  C  ASE6,  &c. 


9t 


oepouisd  it  m  the  lunids  of  M* 
Scnfy  ntnii  wniiin  be  (Mv^pMnEi) 
first  leamed  tluit  AugiMte  Wl 
ftppointed'  Castaiiig  his  univenal 


Mtdisne  Martieiiim^  ^bn^^Her 
0f^  the  motfaer  of  Hn^^rte  ani 
nn^UBte  fiuwt'bj  ft  romer  buup* 
mgp,  gave  ^le  same  deftaihi  m  hor 
ku^Nind*  and  fldded»  that  Ci0taJBg 
■ad  prevented  her  ivoBi  oilafui|^ 
H^pd$te%^i|ittber^1)y  telHng  her^ 
«hai  her  brotiher  did  not  wwh  16 
^ee  her^  and  that  her  pr^senee 
'^iroald  prodneo'a  dangerott»ehaMe 
in  his  aituation--4hat,  a&eted  for 
«  moment  hf  her  tears,  he  had 
nHowed  her  to  see  her  brother  in 
ibe  lobkii^glasB  of  ^e  dining- 
imni— that  flhe  bad  theii  mufflil 
bendf  iro  in  the  maid  servantTs 
^xe8i>nr  the  hope  of  reaching  Hip;- 
-polyte's  rtxnos  inxler  that  disguise 
-^that  Castainff  stof^ied  her,  by 
tsbservvig  tbat  ber  brother  would 
know,  that  she  was  not  his  senrant 
"fiom  her  superior  sise-— and  that 
tmCastaing^s  laaTing  the  house^ 
dbebAd  ccawled  op  all-£Enii8  into 
the  antOi-room  of  Hippcdyte's  bed- 
^lambeiv  in  tnrder  tluit  ^e  mi^t 
bear  the  voice  of  the  ta>ther  she 
was  iii9t  pern^tted  to  see. 

M.  Lherminier  and  M. 

two  medical  gentlemen,  agreed  in 

mymg,  ihxt  in  1921    Hippolyte 

appeared  to  them  to  be  in  the 

"-second  stage  of  a  pulmonary  tuber- 

eoloUs  con8umptkm>  under  which  he 

mif^fr  have  lingered  for  acoiisider- 

«bletim&    Onthetfndc^OolDber, 

that  disease  appea^od  to^be  in- 

cvensed  by  an  itaflammaliob'in  the 

chest.     On  opening  hw  body<  aft^ 

•  death;  that  was  aerially  4oaid  to 

'lie  libe  es^    The  same  appMr- 

'  isicerwo^-have  been  found,  had 

Hippdjrte  dM  of  atiy  vegetable 

Thef  agxMd  that  ceilB&a 


m 


even  vrtMp  ai« 
in  suffidfittt  fontilifla 
to  prodoee  dea^h,  uriit'iiot  hsm 
any  ftEaoes  beBfiid  mm-either  ia 
the  stemacA  or  m  any  other  JNUt  of 
tiie  body.  M.  Segida^  who  had 
been- a  ittmberof  a  eemaifsioa^ 
which  had  unaninaMi^  dadaved 
ihat  dght  ^^nina  of  tlie  4tpeMe  de 
mtorfikme  wcmld  prodooe.  deaths 
tiumgfa  no  larial  of  it  hail  bean 
made  on*  Ae  human  frames  added, 
thai)  aHafmfliyeacpameBts,  which 
he  had  since  nuute,  he  had  dia* 
eove«ed  that  14  gndus  of  diat 
substance,  when  given  to  aiiinah^ 
^had  not  killed  thm. 

M.  Laennec,  one  of  the  profes- 
seiB  in  the  fiiouhy  of  Medicine, 
dej[K)sed,  that  he  recdlecled  Cas- 
tamg  as  an  individual  who  had 
attended  bis  leotnres,  and  bad  a»- 
aisted  in  per&nainff  a  eune, 
which  a  very  strong  dose  of.  < 
had  been  given  witMut  dottgar;  the 
prisoner  bad  been  veiy  unsotum 
ful  in  his  medical  stq^Bes. 

The  witnen  attributed  the  deaiA 
of  BaDet  to  apople&y.  Whether 
tiiat  apopkoTfr  was  prodnosd  by 
vi(d«itor  natural  means,  noptaon 
could  stato  with  eertaiaty.  AH 
poisons  produced  apoplesy  i  aaady 
all  of  ^em  lefl  no  tiaoes  behind, 
even  whM  given  in  quantitaes 
larae  enoi:^b  to  produce  death. 

The  President^What  is  your 

*  onimon  zeoarding  the  causes  of 
the  death  <^  Hippolyte  Ballet  P 

-  M.  Laenneei^— As  a  i^ysidan,  I 
can  affirm  nothing;  but  aa a  nan, 
if  I  had  seen  Hi^pdlyte  Ballet  in 
Ins  last  moments  under  midi  cir- 
cuBMtaooes  as  have  been  related  to 
me,  I  should  ha^e  suqiected  that 

*  he  had  died  by  poison. 

The  President^-^Castaag,  what 
have  you  to  say  to  tjus? 
Castaiag.*-*!  on  notguil^of^ 

*  cmiethaiis«Ji^t0|itomcb  Jvan 


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lO*       ANNUAL  REGlSVRBt   1823. 


Iho  imtM  flf  Cbristj  whii^  is  in 
die  omit),  I  CM  tbtow  myi^  «| 

cowmiitlod  it* 

M«  Iiie9O0e#-p-I  hv^  »id«  that, 
«•  a  j^kgnifliai^  I.  kad  no  o|^uiioii> 
I  liav9  onlf  Mid*  tbat  I  should 
liAvesaspectod  that  HtrndTte  died 
of  poisopir^^Uayt  I  ahould  have  in- 
vwti^fced  the  circmnsta^oeB,  and 
tliat  I  should  have  beenisuxe  thai 
DO  marks  6[  poison  would  bt 
tend. 

Dr.  Michdt  ^  usual  medlr 
jBal  attendant  on  Hippolyte  Bal- 
let,  had  been  ci^led  ui  by  that 
gffitkman  on  the  10th  of  April, 
18d2«  and  found  him  labouring 
nnder  a  tubecculous  oansumptaon^ 
That  complaint  wa«,  however^ 
JMftldnff  sueh  slow  prognss,  that 
HippolTte  midit  have  lived  for 
naajrjeaiss.  He  wasgveatly  suv- 
^prised  on  hearings  within  four 
laonths  afterwaxda»  diat  Hifpolyte 
wasdead^  Beina  told  to  r^  the 
nfponranees  wihidi  were  observed 
on  die  openin^of  Hippdjrte's  body^ 
and  to  give  big  opinion  fixnn  them 
as  to  the  cause  of  Hippdyte's 

.death*  he  deposed  that  the  con^e^ 
tion  on  the  brain  mi^t  haveansen 
firom  natural  causes,  but  that  some 

.4if  the  akesatianfli,  observed  in  his 
sjrsteoiy  mi^t  We  resulted  from 
hb  baling,  imbibed  a  narcotic 
poismilike  i^ticeMedenwrphim. 
These  efieote,  however,  son^mes 

'depended  on  the  partionlar  ocgan^ 
iition  of  individuals* 

M.  Petit,  a  medical  gentleman 

•  wbo  had  attended  the  mthcr  and 

'inatherjof  the  two  BaUets»  deposed 
te  Hiffolyte's  laboudiu^  under  a 
complaint  in  the  lungs,  Dom  which 
with  one  he  was  iiUy  to  recover. 
He  bed  not  visited  Hippolyte  fiv 
H  months  befine  his  death,  and 
knew  noihing  whatever  of,  tbo.cir« 


under  wUch  be  dki»- 
He  aUowed  that  the  auddenneaaoC 
Hippolyte's  death  was  oontcaxy  to 
what  he  had  expected  fixxn  tba 
nature  <^  his  couylaint ;  but  ad* 
nutted  that  an  inflaminatinn  on 
Ae  lungi  wat  likdy  to  bong  it  to 
a  very  q^eedy  termination.  He 
stated,  that  pwon  was  ralcnbitiJ 
to  {ffoduce  many  oi^;apio^  ^ 
meats»  and  particularly  in 
broin. 

Castaing  asked  the 
whether  the  uloeralinns,  which  1 
been  observed  in  the  stomadi  and 
intestines  of  Hi^olyte,  as  ^ao  tibe 
obstruction  (tngprgmtalj  wlddi 
had  been  noticed  in  the  bEain, 
might  not  be  the  result  of  con* 
sumption  combined  with  pletam 
pneumoav  or  with  any  other 
acute  makdy. 

M.  Petit  repliedjvthat  it  mij|^ 
In  rqplyto  some  otber  questsoa^ 
he  stated  that  Auguste  fiaUel, 
entertaining  some  fears  xpigBrdiM 
Ins  health,  from  the  sudden  deaU 
of  sevecal  of  his  relations,  bad 
consulted  him  regarding  it.    AUf 

Ke  was  at  that  time  in  pedbct 
th,  and  he  had  sent  him  awif 
from  tbe  consultation  in  veiy  good 
qnrits. 

M.  BilLnn,  a  druggist,  i 
,that  in  Januavy,  1623,  the  i 
had  purchased  of  him  at 
different  timet  a  considerable^ 
tity  of  the  actMe  de  marplim»^ 
He  told  the  witness,  that  he  wantad 
it  for  ejq^eriments  i 

M.    Caylas, 
deposed 
two  oo 

aeeiaU  de  MorpAcac  The  ina 
time  iras  in  May,  1826,  and  tba 
seoondonthelStb  of  Scptadbsw 
in  the  aune  year;  be  then  asbd 
lartengiains.  Tbawitnesi^befaa 
he  left  the  court,  remarked,  tkai 
tbe  indifiQSient  stated  that  Ihe  fB* 


that  Uie  prisons  had  u^ 
iasioas  puidiaaed  of  Um 


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!!♦ 


■OMT  had  taken  ^fep»  to ' 
from  levenl  druggists  dwlmHiiMii 
in  tais^vronr;  ttowh^bsMd  leave 
to  sayv  tiMt  twbodjf  kad  i^a  appli* 
to  hoH  on  bdbalf  of  tho 


Le  Smt  Josqph>  an  old 
ef  Hxppotym,  gave  an  atco«at-  of 
tika  ciMmastanoes  frinch  oooonad 
at  tte  d6aA  of  kas  mmm.  Ha 
deposed^  tkat  Hippol^rta  in  hk  bst 
nomeats  nfused  to  see  bis  sisler; 
Being  asked  bow  ke  eaiaa  to  know 
tknt  cifcmnstanoe,  be  rqdlied,  k^^ 
cause  Castaing  and  iba  oook  kad 
tald  1^  so.  Caataing  told  kim> 
dMt  Hippcdyte  was  so  ill  ibsit  be 
wwld  ncidiecaee  kas  sisternor  kis 
fanHber ;  for  be  was-  verjr  weak^ 
and  mM  not  talk  without 
teiginng  himself • 

Victo&e  Valdampieite,  a  fenHde 
servant  in  Hij^polyte'^  family^ 
deposed,  that  sbe  kasod  ker  UMSter 
say,  only  a  day  or  two  btfoce  b&i 
deaths  tiMt  ke  would  not  sea  any. 
body,  and  partacidady  not  his 
sKiter.  Castaing,  after  that  dedar- 
atson,  told  Madame  Martinm^ 
thai  she  oeuld  not  ooma  iai.  Hip* 
potyte  did  not  assign  any  reason, 
why  he  vronld  not  see  bis  sisten 
He  tM  her,  that  he  had  made  a 
will  aadbadtoom  it,  but  he  did  not 
say;  that  sntib  will  was  in  fitvour  of 
Uasisler.  He  told  her,  that  he  »t 
tended  to  make  another  wUl,  in 
whiidihewtrald  take  care  that  his 
sssiantfl  should  be  pseividad  for* 
In  umscaonaee,  he  ordered  her  to 
^to  M.  Lebret,  who  was  to  make 
it.  As  she  was  goiagy  he  called 
her  back,  eayinff,  ''I  shall  be  better 
to-monow,  and  them  I  will  go 
mysdf.''  The  morrow  came^  but 
b^  that  laaae  her  master  wasdead. 
Slia  had  received  only  l,OOaftaacs 
ftrem  the  family,  thou^  M.  Au* 
Mttle  had  tdd  her,  that  she  had  a 
Jpgacy    of  ^  ^oea    fiancs.     JSbe 


liooriit  that;odd  rimtatia  rtmirgia 
it  ri^  to  take  whaadie  onaid  gat^ 
She  nevmr  hcaed  her  master  saf 
that  hehadmadaa  dispositkn  af 
his  property  in  fitwwr  of -Castaiaig, 
bat  die  did  hear  hha  fliy,  that  Cks- 
latng  mig^  take  his-  watch  and 
dJarSwiii  piisi  Caataing,  imwasai', 
Hd  not  tidEe  them. 
rastaliig.->I1iat  watakasiddia^ 


me   by  the  iudSlyy  by  Augusta 

liiMnanlf 

Mademoiseile  PereiUie  was  the 
nentwitoessealled.  Shedesirfbed 
Imnicif  as  an  actren  fariiatB  iru^ 
nm^ijuej  residii^  in  Rue  d'AniA 
boisoy  and  stated  herself  to  be  t7 
yearsofage.  g^ie  dedarad,  that, 
to  her  knowledge,  Castaing  had 
caused  the  dcstrurtien  of  a  wfll 
before  ^le  death  of  Hippoiyaa 
Ballet,  or,  at  least,  after  bit  dsatii. 
She  learned  ftom  AuMStt,  that 
Castaing  had  indneed  hkn  to  de- 
stroy the  wiHof  hkhmliier,  wfakdi 
had  keen  made  in  fttvoor  ci  fab 
br0tkeivin«law  Martignon  and  his 
wi^  and  wUok  had  been  deposited 
inthehandsof  Ldbiet.  Toeftet 
the  dastruotion  of  it,  he  ad^sed 
Angoste  to  sobmit  toa  sacrifice  of 
100,000iranes,  aalbnainff  Inmthot 
his  broCher-hi^law  had  ofond 
MiOOOftancs  to  haveitmade  vnlid. 
On  the  «^  of  October,  they  went 
to  the  bank  together.  Auguste 
then  toU  her,  mtt  he  was  nsr- 
pfised  at  the  condoct  of  Gas* 
taing,  for  Castaing  had  inlurmad 
him  that  Lebret  would  net  sea- 
tLt  the  bonness  of  the  will  widi 
any  otiler  peieon  than  himseif* 
She  btinMlf  thought  this  conduct 
very  strange,  and  advised  Angasle 
to  place  no  oonfldenoe  in  Casaiing. 
I^e  had  heffld  Castaing  adasst  tho 
eastenoe  of  a  will  on  five  ^or  six 
dii^rent  oocadoas,  at  her  own 
house;  and,  on  the  day  *that  Au« 


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12*       ANNUAL  REGISTER,   1823. 


1  lie  wmt  te.  the  fank^ 

dbomed  her  a  xed  seal, 
raaid  that  U  wst  tbe  seal  ci  \db 
r'l  will,  and  that  he  had 
pud  lOOfiOOtmnaSijfr  it. 

Caatabff.— Ja  redj.  to  Mdlle. 
Perdllie^  I  have  only  to  say  that  I 
nam  'wasin  hor  hotiaa  huton  one 
day.  The  nrisoner  here  entered 
into  a  hiBg  oetail  of  dirouautaniDes 
vihich  led  to  thait  viA,  frem  wUch 
it  snpearedy  that  Aupiste^  beiiw 
tired  ci  thk  lady's  person,  wished 
to  get  rid  of  her,  and  onployed 
Inm  as  agent  fat  ihat  purpose ; 
that  she  way-laid  him  in  the 
atreety  and  abused  him  in  good  set 
terms  for  his  offioiousness  in  inter- 
fering bet  ween  ho:  and  her  firiend ; 
that  to  get  rid  of  her  impor- 
tunities, he  ooasented  to  admit  her 
into  the  presence  ci  Augoste;  that 
afto  doing  so,  Auguste :  desired 
him  to  go  to  her  house,  and  tell 
her  that  he  would  on  no  account 
reoeiye  her  future  visito ;  that  in 
consequeDce  he  went  to  her  apart- 
ments in  the  Rue  d'Amboise,'  and 
discharged  his  oommission  in  as 
faw  words  as  he  could;  that  die 
was  Vierynmch  irritated  by  it; 
that,  by  the  ei^d(yyinent  oi  strata- 
gem, she  again. obt^ned  admission 
that  day  to  Auguste.;  that  Au- 
guste rcAised  to  speak  to  her ;  .that 
he  (Castainff^  then  oflbred  to  owp 
duet,  and  dvl  omduct  her  home; 
4iBdthat  that  inras  the  last  time  he 
was  ever  in  her  heuse.  He  as- 
serted, ihat  he  had  never  been  in 
the  witness's  apartments  in  Rue 
d'Odeck,  save  <moe,  and  then  he 
dUlnot  eiuhange  a  word  with  her. 
TUte  witness  PercilUe  then  con- 
tinned.  Augustehad  told  her,  that 
he  was  much  suiprised  at  finding 
no  -money  in  hisbrechei^s  hoose, 
espesiaUy  as  he  knew  him  to  have 
reoeiviBd  10,000  francs  only  eome 
•dayshefore  his  death,  oi'  which  he 


VMtorpay  4^000. to  his. 
maker. 

M.  de  Bme  C^doof^O^GeaefmLJ 
^—When  you  heard  of  the  deaA 
of  Augustey  what  impressian  did 
it  make  up(m  you?— -The  wit- 
HesB,.  raismg  her  voices*-'' The 
news  of  Jiis  death  a&cted,  but  dal 
not  surprise  me,  when  I  leamt  th«t 
M.  Castoing  was  in  his  company." 

M«  Rou^  (oounselfcnr  the  pd- 
scmer)  requested  the  meadent  to 
ask  of  ^  witneai,  why,  in  her 
depositian  before  Uie  Juee  dhh 
strttctim,  she  had  od^inaUy  aaii, 
that  the  project  of  destroying  Ifip- 
polyte's  will  had  been  first  men- 
tioned to  Augnsto  by  Castwiiig,  ia 
her  presence. 

.  The  witness^— The natiualgoef 
that  one  feels  at .  a  period  so  near 
to  so  fatal  an  event,  led  me  into 
the  mistake. 

The  President-Jt  is  my  dufj 
to  stato  to  the  jury,  that  the  wit- 
ness rectified  this  mistake  in  a 
subsemient  deposition.   . 

M.  PrifftiQn  proved  that  Aii^psslB 
wroto  a  letter  to  him,  deoriag 
him  to  obtain  of  M.  Saadrie  Vn- 
oourt,  his  banker,  IQiCHOOO  ftanci^ 
which  he  wanted  for  %  psessi^g 
emergency,  shortly  after  his  hea- 
ther's deadu  He  likewiaefBOfai* 
that  after  he  had  obtained  a  I 
on  the  bank  for  4hat  sun,  he  ^ 
with  AugmitoandCMti^toahe 
banktoxeoeiveit  Castaiagdidqpt 
go  into  the  bank  with  tha««  hut 
lenai&edat  the#i^  in  a jDahripbt. 

John  Leon,  a  HaA  Wtfjiaat  of 
Augusto  Battet»^  yeaia  «Ci^^ 
was  nest  eouai^ied.  Ajket  eos^ 
4irmuig  the  statements  of  Aelast 
witness,  regvding  the  vistetolbe 
hank,  he  pveoeeded  to  m^iSka 
Jusauntar  rotwfied  thenooilMPS^ 
and  bade  him  call  on  MfLebsilifcT 
the  way.  Wepsesedov^Aa^wt 
Reya^.  tad  dcQita  along  IsMoc 


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LAW   C  ASiES^,  te. 


Tap 


"de'Bac  to  La  Rtie  Hffltiito  Btstetk, 
where  M.  L«ebi!ei  resides. 

The  Ptesideilt. — Wfaogotmitof 
^ecahriolet? 

Th6  Witness.— Only  mjrntflM^. 
I  think  M.  Castaing  remeaniiBd  in 
the  cdbridet  * 

(^Ou  former  occasiops,  he  had 
sworn  atuLt  Castaing  was  the  oalfy 
peiBUu    who  went  inlo  LebreCTs 

'  Doase ;  and  that  it  was'his  master 

who  had  remained  in  the  cabriolet^ 

The  witness  Ihen  detailed  the 

events  of  the  80th  of  May,  when 

he  went  to  attend  on  his  master  at 

'  St.  Cloud,  in  consequence  of  the 
letter  wHdi  Castaing  wrote  to 
hiBft.  ""I  fhund,"  mEi  he,  ''my 
master  in  a  state  which  was  cidea- 
btadtoexeitepity.    I  said  fo  him, 

'  'Ah,  my  God,  what  has  happened 
to  yi»?**  'Oh,  it  win  prote  no- 
thing' said  my  master,  '  but,  my 

*  fiiend,*  I  Bufi^mutdi.'  I  then  en* 
'  deavoured  to  console  him.     I  said 

to  him,  '  you  must  not  be  yexed ; 
death  comes  every  day^— but  there 

-  flDe  i^emsdiM  for  every  diseiEMe,  and 
'  you  will  do  wdl  to  return  to  Poria.' 
* '  It    is  my   intention,'    said    my 

master,  'to  return  to  Paris  to- 

*  iiiorrow>  if  I  am  well  enough,  and 
'  in  that  case,  berofe  I  set  out  I 

wis  give  50  francs  to  Ihe  poor  of 

*  iSbUi  parish.'  M.  Castaing  then 
'  iSBine;  thedootorof  ^m  place  had 
'  ordered  a   dmuffht,    winch   was 

-  Ml  a'ptM.  I  hdd  the  can^,  M. 
Caslliing  pouted  out  a  ^poonfw  of 
It.  "Ify  master  had  Bcaaeotfy  titen 

*  itrvnbre  he  raiind  bimseif  wane 
'^-^16 cried  'kern,  kern,'  and  then 
^'fle¥,'he;'  He  then  aM,  '  I  am 
"prdeiid  man,  I  cannot  swallow  my 
^MMb.^  That  iung  us  all  into 
'  -des^.  I  supported  Ua  head; 
' litf then  appeared  fufibtated  'ho ! 
'  tem  f  horn  t    [Hie  witness  hare 

iiMatea  the  hieeoddi  of  a  maa.in 
.Aa^goBy  of  davthlj    His  nerves 


*wiBfe  then  stMigly  attaeked,  and 
heoeased  to  be  right  in  his  heat. 

•  WaatiMraanyiiuBgfkithasfQim 
iiBto  whkli  CaMiag  pound  the 
'drauriit^^-*No,    Sir;    he  pound 

out  &e  phial  iustaatt  was  breught 
-to  hiuL  I  hdd  die  candU. 

lliewitMM  dim  eantBMMU^ 
'  M.  CastaiDg  gaive  hkn  the  key  of 

•  his  mriMef's  dask,  and  ahD  aiioliMr 
tef,  to  catry  to  M.  Malassia ;  but 
this  advice  appeared  so  stmnge, 

•^Bt  he  did  not  fo&m  it,  but 
brought  Aem  bock  to  St  Caoul. 
He  never  heard  his 
plain  (^  ill-heaMi— on  the 

'  tmry,-  he  genetaafy'  ei^oyed 
flood  hbakfa.    After  the  deatii  of 

-bis  brother,  Aii^^usta^showed great 
resentment  agakist  hia  sister,  and 

•refused  to  tee  her:  for  instanoe, 

•  in  the  Thnikiies,  when  he  saw 
M.  Mardgnon  and  his  sMter  caariw 
akmg  the  pgonwasde,  he  would 
turn  on  one  aide  tiMt  he  might  not 

^meettheaa. 

M.  Lebret  depose^  diaft  he  had 
heard  Castaang  say,  that  he  had 

•  hkaself  seen  mi  read  a  will,  in 
whi«ai  (Bppolyte  left  all  his  real 
property  to  hia  siateiv  and  hia 
persoiuu  property  to  his  brother. 
He  never  heard  OialBinr  say,  diat 
an  annuity  of  4^500  francs  was 
left  to  him  in  it.  He-deposed,  that 
on  the  Ml  of  October,  neither 
Auguste  nor  Castaing  caaie  to  his 
house.    In  ffinng  an  aeeount  of 

•the events vHdch took jdaoe at  St. 
Oottd,  he  stated  diat  bdbte  die 
ooenhig  of  Augustus  body  Gaataa^ 
plaeed  his  hsod  upon  his  heart, 
and^swore  diat  he  had  no  know- 
whatever  of  dM  ftrialenoe  of 


Caitaiag^Idftd«lBs,haoausa  I 
did  not  wish  to  appear  at  the 
burial,  before  M.  Mardanao^  in 
dM^  dniaotar  of  unhentfi  legatee 
tathef 


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ir       ANNUAli  REGISTER>    1823. 


to  feh9  jury>  that  the  moU  pkeeue 
u^omMtion  has  been  ^itaiaed  in 
the  oouzae  of  this  ijivesctffatuki 
rapeeting  the  fortune  0f  M.  Le- 
hret»  and  that  it  has  been  founds 
that  it  has  not  leeeiyed  the  slight- 
fisi  aagmembition  sinee  the  deiath 
of  Hippolyte.  On  that  acoaaUt 
te  prooeedinfshflve  been  dropped, 
which  were  originati^r  instituted 
against  him. 

Madame  Lebret  and  her  servant 
faoth  asserted,  that  nobody  called 
on  M*  I.ighrrt  on  the  morning  of 
the  84h  of  October. 

M.  BaisBon  deposed,  that  An- 
gustet,  a  few  months  after  the  daoth 
of  H^^pcdjFite,  bearing  that  Cas- 
ting had  a  sum  of  8,000  fiEvaos, 
in  ma  posoessioB,  had  intiautted 
that  he  had  tahan  it  from  the  de* 
of  hia  hrather  Hippolyte. 

Two  witnesses  d^oeed>  that  it 
was  veiy  generally  rumouced  in 
the  family,  that  Hij^xdyte  had  be- 
queatlied  ^0  whole  of  Ids  property 
to  M.  Martignon  and  his  wife. 

M«  Vatiy,  an  exchange4irokier, 
dsfwsed  that  on  the  lOi^  of  Oc- 
-  toberCa^^aing'phwed  in  his  hands 
the  exact  sum  oi  7OiO09  ftanes. 

tThe  prasident  have  reaaaihed 
that  tUU  flvm  ^  70^000  firancs, 
added  to  iha  60>QOO  which  Cas- 
taijighad  lent  'to  his  mo&er,  made 
up  thorsum^  100,090,  which  was 
the'*ewMitftsum  diMt  Augaste  Balkt 
.  had  raoeiyed  thoteveoing  befoie  at 
tbe,ha)ri^  ,iWas]it  not,  th^n^thia 
amsm  sum  of  which  Augnate  to&d 
M.«Sr%Aoi^^lbatiiehadso  FBPessnuor 
.a^mant.in taoierto  buy  vip  the  wifl 
irf'lmbKoiiier? 

Castaing.— I  cannot  i^ieafc  as  to 
what  fMDallie 'intentions,  or  acts  of 
W.  Ballot.    : 

The  iPfosidaAt— -Bosides  these 
awms,th«»ave  4,000  tmom  mate 
which  you  have  knt  .to- 


■irsali,  fllid')«^hiah4t«ppeai%-«Mt 
have  come  from  a  source  that  ooidd 
neiliier  be  honest  nor  legal.  Mmiy 
witnesses  have  dedoioC  that^  ^ 
the  thne  of  Ittppolyto's  deatii,  he 
had  in  his  desk  a  oonsidenilile  aoia 
of  money,  which  has  notskioe  been 
IblthoDmuig.  You  might  have 
tttken  this  Sim  of  4,000  &bbcs 
from  his  de^  Yon  see  that  tins 
aocusattcm  almost  datarally  anass 
up  against  you. 

The  pruener  made  no  reply. 
Several  other  witnesses  wore  ^len 
examined  as  to  roavgrnnliom 
whii^  Gastmng  had  held  upon  the 
auUect  of  Hippcdyte^  wilL 

The  PMsident  then  infonsed 
die  jury,  t^  he  should  now  pro- 
ceed to  examine  wioiesses  on  the 
third  digrge  agmnst  the  ptisottet^— 
namely,  t£e  pakcndc^  of  Aaguate 
Ballet. 

M.  Oiiila,  ineleesar  of  toxioolngy 
inthe  faeeUy  of  Medidne,  leadover 
the  nnseef  verbalni  the  djaseetjan 
of  Nobody  of  Angnste  Ballet.  He 
then  deposed,  liiat»  frominapeetioa, 
of  that  papor,  he  oould  not  de- 
clare, whether  the- death  of  An* 
guste  had  boen  perodaced  byniMNvri 
causes  or  vegetable  poiaona.  fai 
answer  to  repeated  questicms  by 
the  president,  he  mHed,  ''It 
ia^possibk  fbr  me,  under  all  tlieae 
oitoumstaaoes,  tosay,  wliotherliMi^ 
has  at  haa  not  been  an  attempt  fv 
poison.  The  oorpo^  4eliefiia  waflt^ 
iqg,  baeause  t)ie  mailer  vomked^ 
Augnste  i«  not  totiieomiii^.  u 
that  matter  had  beonaubmMi  t» 
me,  as  well  aa  the  liquiA  tentsinrf 
in  the  stomacdi,  I  could  bate  g^ve* 
to  justipo  the  mott  ^  sati»5lsp' 
pito&r  -  My  course  of  ic^0H*fMmr* 
cino  leads  to  the<ataMis&fteii>  <jf 
o  point  of  gieM  poldie  iuMffli, 
tkitcf  i«v«£i^  enmoyshoaaijg 
the  eristonce  of  poison.  Bf  NlMfts 
of  an  axnet  anilysis,  ir  oodd  cs^Br 


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LAW    GASJtSs  .&c. 


l«f 


liftlf  ffndn  of  the  0€tMe4e  mor^ 
pkm^'  The .  wkoen  thra  ^pcoi* 
eged^.to  explain  the  iiieaftim%  !^ 
iviuflh  he  was  enabtod  to  amre  at 
fttoh  iwlficMon.  ''  Twainr  Ate6 
yeaa  8^/  fae  said,  ''  it .  was  a 
common  etnir  t»  sappowy  that  ecv* 
tain^vegetable  poisom  k^  no  tiaoa 
€9soLumteo£  asuf  other  ^mptoa  af 
dbeafce  thatwaaeyen  anaxioniaf 
i^al  medidne.  At  premity  ohy^ 
tt»tr3F  has  made  gitat  progress^  Bod 
it  is-akaott  4ia  easy  to  diwover  Ae 
Tcatiges  of  vq;etable  asof  wmaui 
poisons. 

M.  VauqudiB,  acelehiMed  dkp* 
imat,  KKdce  almost  to  the  saaoe  ^ 
feet.  He  had  analysed  die  te^ 
mainder  of  the  eo^ing  dnmght 
preserilied  hy  M.  Hgabhe^  and  had 
not  found  in  It  any  poASonous  sa^ 
stance. 

The  medioal  men,  who  had  dis- 
aected  the  body  at  St  Cloud,  were 
then  examined,  and  gave  shnikar 
testimony  to  that  which  they  had 
given  in  the^proc^  verbaL 

The  Court  adjoumed  at  half 
past  4y  to  10  o'clock  the  next 
monung. 

Nov.-  13th.~M.  Pigaohe,  a 
doctor  at  St.  Cloud,  ased  25  years, 
deposed,  dutt  on  Satuitiay,  the  31st 
of  May,  Madame  GnrnaiUe,  the 
misteess  of  the  Blackamoor^s  head, 
oame  to  his  house  to  deore  him  to 
▼ist  a  gentleman  who  was  iU.  He 
want  to  her  house,  where  he  saw 
M.  Csirtaing,  with  whom  he  went 
np  stairs.  W  itness,  after  examin- 
ing M.  Auguste  Ballet,  aaked  to 
see  the  matter  whu^  he  had 
▼omited,  and  was  toldn  r^y  that 
it  had  been  thiown  away,.  Ateig^t 
o'clock  oil  the  1st  of  June,  hmg 
oKve  and  more  astonisbad  at  the 
ain^ular  nature  of  l^di^sase,  and 
aeemg  M.  Ballet  abnost  on  ihe 
foint^  eo^ixis^the  witneai  went 


to  M.  dl  ttily.  Art  mayor  lif  St. 
Cloud,  CbPaoquaiot  him  whh  what 
hadh^foaed,  and  to  infamhan 
of  the  netwsity  not  only  of  invii^ 
the  body  cpumd,  but  also  of  Imt^ 
ing  the  ProcM^ur  dm  Roi  prsssnt 
atthe^time.  The  Bnemmr  du 
iRoi  was  acoDfdii^  steit.fo^and 
en  his  artival  with  the  Uens^ 
d'anaes>  imtaess  i^voseded  to  dia^ 
aeet  the  hedy. 

Did  yoQ  dnnk  that  the  cause  of 
death  was  nsaoMd  ?-^It  nd^t  be 
natural,  or  it  imgfat  be  the  rsMilt 
ef  poison.  It  was  ite  tncer tain^ 
I  felt,  that  led  me  to  go>lotlie 
mayor,  4ad  dnsand  that  uie  body 
Hdimild  be  opened. 

Did  the  parent  men^onita  you 
hss  having  fdtany  distarbance,  on 
tiieeeoond  mght  from  the  noise  of 
t]M  cats  and  dogs^P-^He  did  not 
mention  any  soich  thing  to  me*-^ 
only  said,  ttet  he  JMid  passed  a  very 
imquiet  night. 

The  President.— Pristine]^  hff^ 
wasit  that  tihe  deceased  spc^e  to 
nobody  hot  you  of  thia  pretended 
noise  of  the  oats'snd  dogs  ? 

Castaing.— ^He  attached  less  im- 
portance to  k  than  1  auj^esed. 

The  Preddent.--4ie«ttafiML  so 
muGhimpcnrtance  to  it,  that^  byUs 
desire,  you  went  to  Bttis  to  procure 
pdson  to  ridhimof  thesedli»igMe- 
abie  ^niiniAL 

The  next  witness  called  was  M. 
Bdktan  the  younger,  who  stated 
r  himself  to  be  4@  years  old,  and' one 
of  the  loofessots  in  the  SAosA  of 
Medidne.  He  deposed,  ^lat,  on 
Mteday  the  1st  of  June,  he 'went 
from  Pluis  to  St.  Cloud  in  great 
haste,  in  consequence  of  a  Mter 
which  was  teonght  to  him  Irom 
M.  Pigaeh^by  a  black  servant.  On 
his  arrival  at  the  Bkckamoor^s 
Head,  191.  C^oud,  he  vaas  isMo- 
doced  to-Caslmng  and  tiM  sM 
Ballet*    'VI   then 


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16*        ANNUAL  JREGISTEIC  1833. 


mjwfU  acyjjntnfl,"  tiaik  ibe  wk- 
tieaa,  **  with  every  thing  thgt  h«d 
beendone.  A  fintblming  had 
been  aMeoded  wilh  sueoeity  and  as 
I  thouf^t  a  second  ms^t  pcoduee 
ihe  same  fryouiaUe  oonsequeaoeit^ 
I  praaciibed  it  By.  that  txnie» 
hawever>  it  was  too  late,  and 
the  blood  would  scacoely  flow 
atalL  Seeing  the coodirion of  M* 
Bdkt  growing  worse  and  worse 
erery  instant,  I  employed  myself 
in  diawingup  the  iurii£calpiqpers!» 
desiring  M.  rigache  at  the  same 
time  to  frame  a  statement  of  the 
iprogress  of  the  disease  M.  Pigache 
Mid  J  then  went  out,  and^  dunns; 
our  absence,  the  patient  die£ 
Whilst  this  waspaswig,  I  had  dif- 
Ariant  oooTecsations,  •  sometimes 
widi  M*  Pigadie,  sometimes  with 
M.  Castaing. .  M.  Pigadie  told  m^ 
that  Castaing  had  iwxrmed  him  in 
confidence  that  he  was  interested 
in  the  succession  of  31*  Ballet,  but 
that  he  did  not  know  whether  he 
was  univeraid  legatee,  or  only  had 
a  limited  legacy.  At  the  time  we 
judged  the  patient's  condition  to  be 
de^erate,  I  saw  M.  Castaing  shed- 
ding tears  and  overwhelmea  with 
sorrow.  I  said  to  him^  '  You  are 
youiselfina  danj^erous  position; 
you  have  come  with  your  friend  to 
pass  two  dajrs  at  St  Goud ;  you 
are  a  physician,  and  a  legatee 
under  his  will  to  some  ieunount.' 
*  Yes,  sir,'  replied  he,  '  it  is  true; 
lamhisunivmalli^^itee.  '  WeU,' 
said  I,  ^  the  man,  who  has  be- 
queathed you  all  his  fortune,  is  on 
Uie  point  of  death ;  the  spo^pUjms 
of  his  disease  are  c^  the  most  ex- 
traordinary nature;  if  any  thing 
should  bcfidlUm,  you  Wll  be  in 
a  dans;erous  situation*'  '  How,' 
.  replied  Castaing,  f  do  you  think 
.that  I  shall  be  suspected?'  'Cer- 
tainly,' aswerod  I,  '  I  am  of  q|^- 
nion  that  the  least,  we  can  do.  vnll 


be  to  take  every  sls|^  in  olir  jMiiir 
toaacerlain  the  cause  of  hia  y  Hh 
As  far  as  I  am  concefned,  IshaU 
declare  that  the  body  oa|^  to 
be  opened  in  a  inridifial 

*  Ah,  sir  1'  fJTclaimed 
you  wiU  render  me  the  _ 
service,  you  will  act  the  part  of  a 
father  to  me  by  insisringthat  mdi 
a  awasure  be  adiyled*'  Aahesf* 
peaied  egUrenely  agfatwij  I  en- 
deavoured to  consolehim  by  assor' 
ins  him,  that  the  opening  of  ths 
body  should  be  performed  with  the 
greatest  posnhle  care.  .Our  con- 
versation then  ended.  On  retunr- 
ing  fiona  P^unsto  St.  Qood  the 
next  day,  I  found  Castaing  in  the 
custody  of  the  ^^endannes.  .  He 
appeared  very  anxious  to  learn  the 
remit  of  the  examination  of  tke 
body,  fixon  a  conviction,  that,  if  no 
trace  of  poison  were  found  in  it, 
he  shoiud  be  instantly  set  at 
liberty.  On  the  examinaticm  being 
concluded,  and  no  trace  at  poitfa 
being  foimd,  I  was  permitted  If 
the  Frocureur  du  Roi  to  cosumuu- 
cate  that  point  to  him  in  a  genenl 
manner.  Ididjo.  Headman^ 
whether  th^  would  release  his^ 
I  rallied,  M  cannot  tell ;  but  tbe 
truth  is,  we  have  found  no  proois 

.on  Ballet  of  a  violent  death." 

M.  Georgerat  deposed,  that,  on 
the27thof  May  he  went  to  the 
theatre  of  Parte  St  Martin,  wilh 
M.  Ballet  and  M.  Horaee  Baism* 
to  see  the  first  reptessntation  ef 
PolickinclkFmi^pirt;  and  that  be 

•  inferred  fixim  a  conversation  be* 
tween  theni,  that  A.  Ballet  hi 
not  then  made  a  wilL  BaUettoU 
him  that. his  mother  had  died  sf 
a  quin^ey,  and  that  he  was  aftaid 
that  he  diosdd  some  time  C9m»- 
riencp  the  same  fate..  He  mto 
said  thfA  Jie  frequency  smthiosi 
Witness  laughed  atbis  deriaratinm, 
because  he  saw  that  AugoUe  «ik 


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m 


ikm  mxktsd,  that  after  the  doat^ 
of  Ballet^  on  die  1st  of  June,  he 
ymtst  iJkd9i  M.*  Mattigiion  and-M. 
RalaMk  to  St.  Cloud,  and  timt  hs 
tiwn  heard  C^utaing  assert,  <^at 
Aogvate  had  left  no  will. 

Sojdda  Bot^y  a  laantua^matoy 
«^  biad  lived  for  some  time  under 
liie  iirotecdon  of  the  deeeaaod.  A* 
Baltet,  inerel^  stated,  that  «he  had 
heard  him  saf — :-"  I  am  on  terms 
of  intiitiae^r  with  Castaing,  he- 
^Bine  he  enabled  me  to  succeed 
to  tmr  brother^  property,  by  de* 
itruyjiig  his  will/* 

M.  Malassis,  a  relation  of  Cas- 
tfli)t»;  in  the  7th  d^ree,  and*  se- 
eond  dfttk  to  M.  Cdin  de  Saint 
Meuge,  was  then  eaokmined.  '^Tlue 
prifloner,''  said  the  witness,  *'  came 
to  see  me  in  the  beginning  of  May, 
okid  asked    me  whether   a   will 
made  by  a   patient  in  fisvour  of 
Ua  physician   was  valid.    I  told 
Urn   that  it  was,  provided  that 
Ae  physidan  had  not  nursed  his 
patient.    He  returned  aome  time 
afterwards,  and  told  me  that  one 
of  his'  fHends,  who  was  ill  in  tli^ 
cmmttyr,    had    made   a  will,    in 
wUdi'he  was  l«a  10,000  francs 
a  year.    That  friend,  attacked  by 
An  inenraMe  disei^,  had  only  one 
filMer,  to  whom' he  did  not  intend 
tOT'lowe   a  farthing,   on  account 
of  to  itrecondleable  quarrel  that 
lierhad  with  her.     He  then  asked 
me,  what  were  the  formalities  re- 
quited fof  a  will  that  was  written 
^totf^out  in  the  test^tor'fe  own 
hand-writinj^.     I  dictated  to  him 
a'  form,  which  he  wrote  down  in 
ifomemotandom-book.  Hisfriend; 
he  said,  desh^  to  have  his  will 
di^osited  in  the  hands  of  a  third 
person.     I  vtcfpo^ed  to  him  to  de- 
podt  it  in  the  hands  of  my  master. 
He  preferred  me  as  a  depofdtary, 
baptise  he  was  not  acquainted  with 
Vol.  LXV. 


my  master,  and  reposed  entire  con« 
fidence  int  me.  In  the  ei«ehing  of 
the  S9th  of  May,  whilst  I  wasonty 
he  dqiosited  an  my  desk  the  vHiU 
hi  question,  with  die  letter  whidi 
ia  in  ihe  possession  of  the  courts 
On  the  fbBOwing  Monday  he  wroto 
me  another  "letter,  iii£Dnning  mo 
liiat  Ballet  wn  just  dead.  lcom<4 
plied  with  the  requisite  formajitieai 
and  presented  the  will  tothepve* 
ddentofthe  tribunal  c2e  preaftrr^ 
mstamst.  The  will  Waa  then  d&« 
posited  with  M.  Sen6,  because  he 
was  the  successor  of  M.  Ballet, 
the  testator's  &ther. 

Cliquet,  the  porter  to  M.  CoHn 
de  St.  Meuge,  the  notary,  deposed, 
that.bn  Monday  the  fin^t  of  June 
a  young  man,  whom  he  did  not 
know,  but  who  was  not  the  pri« 
soner,  left  in  his  box,  at  thr^ 
o'clock,  a  letter  for  Malttssis. 

1 4.  Thedoctor,  Laennec,  whohad 
been  previously  examined,. was  re- 
called by  the  president,  and  desired 
to  give  his  opinion  upon  the  fc^ 
lowing  case  : — ^A  man  S5  years 
old,  usually  enjoying  good  health, 
takes  in  the  evening  warm  wine  in 
which  has  been  put  some  lemoil 
and  a  quantity  of  acetate  de  mor* 
pMne,  sufficient  to  cause  death,  or 
tir  pn)dt£oe>  consideral^e  disranise^ 
ment  in  the  animal  economy.  He 
takes  this  warm  wine  at  nine 
o'clockin  the  evening;  thenextday, 
at  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning,  he 
takes  some  cold  milk,  in  wMoh  there 
has  also  been  mixed  a  portion  of 
aceUtte  de  morphine.  At  six  o'clock 
in  the  evening,  h^has  given  to 
him  a  spoonful  of  a  potion  m  which 
there  is  mingled  some  acetate  de 
mcrphine.  'Hie  court  is  desirous 
of  knowing,  what  would  be  tiie 
probable  consequence  of  giviug  that 
last  potion. 

•    M.  Laennec. — The  acetate  de 
morphine  is  a  substuice  still  new, 

B» 


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and  of  wbidi  the  uae  has  been 
adopted  Tery  recently  indeed.  Very 
few  physLciani  have  yet  empby^ 
it  Many  physiolo^sts  have  made 
ezperiments  with  it  upon  animals ; 
but  one  cannot  condude  firom  these 
experiments  upon  animals,  what  the 
e^cts  will  be  that  it  will  prodoce 
upon  man.  Those  effects  may 
vary;  but^  in  eeneral,  if  a  sub* 
stance  extracted  from  opium  can 
eoLcite  sickness,  the  effects  which 
follow  it  will  not  be  the  sam^  as 
if  sickness  had  not  followed  it. 
Besides,  the  effects  vary  according 
to  the  age  and  strength  of  the  in« 
dividuals;  it  is  wiw  it  as  with 
emetic-— one  man  may  take  100 
grains  with  impunity,  whilst  an- 
other will  die  from  taldng  ten. 

M.  Ally,  a  gentleman  with 
whom  Auguste  Ballet  had  been 
extremely  intimate,  never  heard 
him  say  a  word  about  having  made 
his  wilL 

Catherine  Habert  deposed,  that 
she  carried  the  wine  on  the  evening 
of  the  80th  of  May  to  Ca8tain|^  and 
Auguste  Ballet  She  tasted  it,  as 
did  also  M.Castainff.  It  was  sour, 
but  not  bitter.  She  drank  but  a 
IMeofit  Castaing diank aglass* 
M.  Caillot,  an  apotbecaiy,  de- 
posed that  he  had  soLi  some  ac€tak 
dt  moraAifze  on  the  evening  of  the 
30th  <^  May. 

M.  Chevalier  stated  the  drcum- 
Stances  under  which  the  last  wit* 
ness,  who  was  thai  his  pupil,  had 
S(dd  the  poison  in  question. 

M.  Audebert,  druggist,  stated 
that  Castaing  had  bought  of  hkn 
12  grains  of  epietic  at  half-past  6 
o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  8l8t 
of  May,  and  detailed  the  excuses 
winch  he  had  made  for  purchasing 
it 

.  The  Geni-darmes,  in  whose  cus- 
tody Castaing  had  been  placed,  de» 
fcribed^the  great  anxiety  whic^  he 


exUMted,  whikt  the  bod^  of  ths 
deceased  was  undergoing  medical 
investigation. 

The  case  on  the  part  of  Ihe  pro- 
secution here  dosed.  (Nov.  14) 

The  first  witness  called  on  the 
part  of  the  defence  was  M.  Chaos* 
sieur,  a  physician  of  80  years  of 
age.  He  stated  that  he  had  knowii 
several  instances  of  death  under 
drcumstances  as  extraordinaiy  si 
those  of  Aufliuste  Ball^,  in  wUch 
not  the  slightest  ground  for  nip* 
posing  the  deceased  were  poimed 
was&tected  on  opening  Uieir  bo* 
dies.  The  witness  then  stated,  tlist 
if  the  red  spots  observed  in  the  ito« 
mach  of  Auguste  had  been  pfo- 
duced  by  poison,  they  would  ksve 
been  spread  over  it  geneially;  in* 
stead  of  which  they  were  merely 
locaL 

The  Piesidentw— Mu^t  they  no^ 
however,  have  arisen  mm  poiasn  i 

M.  ChaussieuTd — ^  Let  as  not 
lose  ourselves  in  the  vagueneaiof 
posability ;  you  know  as  weQ  as  l» 
that  ex  posse  ad  actum  nan  void 
consequential"  He  then  proceeded 
testate,  that,  as  the  evacuatioos sf 
Auguste  had  not  been  ^resenre^ 
there  was  a  corpus  d^dktt  wanting 
in  thisoase. 

The  President — You  sie  nflt 
wanted  here  to  teach  the  preod^^ 
his  duty,  but  sinmly  to  anwwf 
such  questions  as  he  may  potto 
you.  May  the  poison  have  been 
the  cause  of  Auguste's  death?    »* 

M.  Chaussier.— Death  insy  ^ 
caused   by    a    thousand   qicum- 

M.  Roussel,  counsel  for  the  pn^ 
soner.--eAfter  the  death  of  A.Bfli- 
let  the  pupil  of  Us  eye  was  c^ 
tracted;  is  that  the  natural  i#^ 
of  narcotic  poisona?— No.  on  ^ 
contrary,  those  poisons  diliite  ^ 
digiously  the  pupil  of  the  eye. 

M.  Barruel  and  M.  *' 


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•19 


ttird  iiiemben  of  the  Institute^  de- 
posed to  the  same  effect  as  the  last 
witness. 

M.  Brechet,  professor  of  ana- 
tomy in  the  School  of  Medicine, 
deposed,  thlit  he  knew  the  prisoner 
from  his  havins  studied  dissection 
under  him.  He  likewise  deposed 
to  Castaing's  heing  received  into 
sevenii  most  respectable  families  on 
intimate  terms. 

M.  Barbier,  chief  surgeon  in  the 
military  hospital  of  Val  de  Grace, 
nve  the  prisoner  a  good  character 
for  morality,  talent,  and  industry 
in  hiB  profession. 

Several  witnesses,  belonging  to 
the  lower  order  of  society,  spoke  in 
strong  terms  of  gratitude  of  the  at- 
tention which  they  and  their 
families  had  received  from  Cas- 
tain^  during  ill-health.  He  always 
dechned  talong  any  fee  from  them. 

The  President  told  the  prisoner, 
that,  though  these  witnesses  proved, 
on  the  one  hand,  the  disinterested- 
ness of  his  character,  they  proved, 
on  the  other,  that  his  practice  was 
not  among  the  opulent  classes  of 
society.  How,  then,  was  it  that 
you  were  aUe  by  your  economy 
to  by  by  the  4,000  ftancs,  which 
Tou  said  the  other  day  that  you 
hadlaidby? 

'Caitaing.*-^!  have  only  sum- 
moned such  witnesses  as  could 
speak  to  the  morality  and  disinter- 
estedness of  my  character.  I  have 
not  summoned  those  of  my  patients 
who  paid  me  for  my  trouble. 

A  woman  of  the  name  of  Peison 
proved,  that  on  one  oocaoon,  when 
Castainff  was  not  with  Augusta 
Ballet,  he  had  been  seized  with 
a  fit  of  indigestion,  which  pro- 
duced violent  vomitings,  and  that 
it  had  been  necessary  to  call  in  a 
physician  to  cure  him. 

M.  Talvander,  a  derk  in  the 
office  of  the  minister  of  marine. 


stated,  that  he  had  been  a  pupilof 
Castaing,  who  had  always  luid  7 
or  8  other  pupils.  He  paid  him 
from  40  to  50  francs  for  attending 
his  lectures  for  two  months. 

The  evidence  for  the  defence 
here  closed. 

The  two  following  days  were 
occupied  with  the  speeches  of 
counsel. 

On  the  1  Jih,  at  half  past  eleven 
at  night,  the  jury  Acquitted 
Castaing  of  the  charge  of  poison- 
ing Hippolyte  Ballet,  but  found 
him  Guilty  of  destroying  the  will, 
and  also  of  poisoning  Auguste 
Ballet,  by  a  simple  majority  of  7 
against  5. 

The  court  joined  with  the  majo« 
rity  of  the  jury. 

Castaing,  being  informed  of  the 
result,  uttered  several  incoherent 
exclamations,  importing  that  he' 
was  innocent ;  but  that  he  shoiild 
die  with  pleasure,  as  death  would 
unite  him  with  the  dear  friends, 
whom  he  was  accused  of  murder- 
ing. 

While  the  court  wm  deliberat- 
ing on  tiie  sentence,  Ca*itamg  ad- 
dressed to  his  advoi^te}  Kou^sel^ 
some  impassioned  language^  with 
adelirious  vehemenoe  of  gesture^ 
importing  that  ha  was  innocent^ 
and  should  blush  to  beg  for  mercy* 

At  midnighl  he  wa^  sentenced  to 
death,  and  to  100,000  francs  da<< 
mages,  and  costs  towards  the  civi! 
party  in  ihe  proceedings. 

He  had  beeome  more  calm,  and 
said  not  a  word  during  the  time  of 
pronouncing  sentence.  He  died 
protesting  his  innocence. 


Trial  of  the  Widow  Bonnier  and 
Nicolas  XiM<ofo_Nov.  27. 

Marie  Adelaide  Bodin,  widow 
Boursier,  was  indicted  for  hav- 
ings on  the  28th  of  June,  mada 

B»  2 


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20*       ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1823. 


an  attempt  on  the  lii^  of  liet 
husband^  GuiQaume  Etienne  Bour- 
sier,  by  a  poisonous  substance 
capable  of  causing  death;  and 
Nicolas  Kostolo^  a  Greek,  for  being 
an  accomplice,  and  with  fore- 
knowledge, aiding  and  assisting 
the  said  widow  Boursier  in  the  acts 
which  prqpared  and  facilitated  the 
same  crime. 

It  appeared  from  the  narrative 
in  the  indictment,  that  the  deceased 
Boursier  married  the  female  pri- 
soner in  February,  1809,  and  that 
they  had  five  children,  the  eldest 
of  whom  was  12,  and  the  youngest 
5  years  of  age.  Boursier  carried 
on  the  trade  of  a  grocer  in  the  Rue 
de  la  Paix.  ffis  business  was  good, 
and  he  expected,  in  the  course  of 
four  years  more,  to  retire  with  an 
annual  income  of  15,000  francs. 
The  husband  and  wife  lived  hap* 
pily  together,  until  about  the  mid- 
dle of  last  year,  when  Kostolo  was 
introduced  to  the  family  by  an 
aunt  of  Madame  Boursier.  He 
visited  the  shop  daily,  under 
the  jMretence  of  procuring  for  him- 
self a  valet  de  chamhre^s  place.  •  A 
criminal  connexion  was  very  soon 
formed  between  this  Greek  and 
Madame  Boursier ;  but  their  meet- 
ings were  mima^  with  caution, 
and  did  not  excite  the  jealousy  of 
%he  husband.  The  lady  ^^ed 
out,  of  a  morning,  t6  the  Champs- 
'Elys^,  accompanied  by  the  De- 
moiselle Reine,  a  girl  who  assisted 
in  the  shop.  In  these  walks  they 
met  Kostolo,  as  If  by  accident. 
They  dien  proceeded  to  Kostolo's 
lodgings,  where  the  young  woman, 
who  was  made  the  confidant  of  the 
intrigue,  left  them,  and  returned  at 
an  appointed  time  for  her  mistress. 

Boursier  alwavs  breakfasted  on 
tx^Jtod  fice,  whi^h  was  prepared 
for  him  by  a  female  domestia, 
natned  Josephine  BUn,  in  an  iiron 


sancepan.  On  the  teOmttig  of  ^ 
28th  (^  June,  the  rke  was  brought 
in  the  saucepan,  and  placed' iik  tll^ 
room  where  Boursier  usually  bnak« 
fasted.  It  was  the  custom  of  tl^ 
girl  to  retain  a  small  portkm  for 
herself  and  for  the  youngest  chdi. 
She  did  soon  this  occasion,  and ibk 
and  the  child  ale  their  share,  wit!)- 
ont  experiehcing  any  inconvcmehce 
from  it.  Boursier  and  his  wife 
were  passing  to  and  fro  from  the 
shop  to  the  room  in  which  tte 
saucepan  was  deposited ;  but,  t^ 
cording  tO  the  account  of  the  giri, 
Blin,  not  more  than  four  or  t^ 
minutes  had  elapsed  after  she  had 
brought  in  the  breakfast,  before 
her  master  called  her,  and  com- 
plained of  something  disa^:«eah3e 
in  the  taste  of  the  rice.  He  WM 
seized  with  a  violent  fit  of  vomit- 
ing, and  physicians  were  called  in ; 
but  the  patient  got  worse  and 
worse.  The  rice  was  eaten  about 
9  on  Saturday  morning,  the  28tk 
of  June ;  and,  on  the  Monday  inom=' 
ing,  at  a  quarter  before  4  o*^o^y 
Boursier  was  dead.  The  medical 
attendants  wished  the  body  to  be 
opened,  but  the  widow  drjectrf, 
and  the  deceased  was  intenfed  qft 
the  Tuesday  morning,  ttm^ 
was  present  during  the  iDfl^  ^ 
Boutsier,  and  asostedin  admimsier' 
ing  medicines  to  Imn  i  in  fact,  tlfe 
unfbftunate  man  died  in  his  arrtl. 
Suspicion  of  unfair  treatment  ««J 
atoae  ii;  the  neighboitfhood;  «^ 
the  police  being  applied  to,Uiebd^ 
"was  disinterred  mSi  diatecttfd^On 
examining  the  stdmach,  •'^^ 
"was  discovered,  and  the  widOir  m 
Kostolo  were  arrested. 

The  greaterpartof  the  first  daf 

of  the  iSal  was  spent  in  rea^ 
the  hidiettoent,  and  €«xttitfni<ig  tp 
prisoners  in  the  French  *fy* 
Wh^ti  tlhe  interrogatories  J^ 
eondnded,  witnesses  were  tsS^ 


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2V 


■  On  the  fiecond  day^  all  the  wit- 
nesses were  heard^  who  proved  the 
principal  dbrcumstances  set  forth 
in  the  indictment. 

On  the  close  of  the  evidence^  the 
charge  against  Kostob  was  with<« 
drawn. 

On  the  3rd  day,  the  jury,  after 
deliberating  during  one  hour^  de^ 
dared  both  the  prisoners  Nat 
Guiliy.  The  president  then  in- 
form^ Madame  Boursier^  that 
she  was  at  liberty;  and  as  the 
jury  had  acquitted  her,  he  hoped 
she  would  experience  an  equal 
absolution  from  her  own  con- 
science. Of  Kostolo,  he  expressed 
his  opinion  more  severely.  ''  This 
foreigner,"  said  he,  "  appears  be- 
fore you,  the  juiy,  under  drcum- 
stances  far  from  mvourable.  De- 
baudiery  is  his  only  means  of  ex- 
istence, the  denre  of  money  his 
only  passion,  and  he  is  sincere  only 
ill  his  ingratitude.  Kostolo  wiU 
be  allow^  to  depart  from  this 
court,  but  he  will  leave  it  with 
upiominy  !  Let  him  be  thankful 
for  escaping  the  tribunal  which 
punishes  guilt ;  he  will  not  be  ab^ 
solved  by  that  tribunal  which 
stigmatizes  baseness !  Acquitted 
by  the  court  of  assize,  he  will  be 
punished  by  public  contempt !" 


Kino's  Bbnch,  Dubun. 
Trial  of  ike  persons  accused  of  an 
outrage    upon   ike  Lord  Lteu" 
ienarU  of  Ireland. — Februaby, 
S,  4,  5,  6,  7  and  8th. 

The  trial  of  the  several  traversers 
for  the  outrage  upon  the  marquis 
Wellesley,  exated  the  most  intense 
anxiety.  The  novelty  of  thecharge, 
the  grave  importance  attached  to 
ev«y  trial  at  bar  before  all  the 
judges  or  the  highest  tribunal^ 
.^le   political   connexions  of  the 


traversers,  and  the  peculiar  cir- 
cumstance of  a  tri^l  upon  an  ex 
(jffieio  infcmnation  after  bills  of  in- 
mctment  liad  been  ignored  fpr  the 
same  charge — all  these  circumstan- 
ces combined  to  fix  the  public  at- 
tention so  entirely,  that  the  raging 
of  a  violent  electioneering  contest 
was  scarcely  sufficient  to  distract 
any  portion  of  the  public  interest. 
At  seven  o'clock  in  the  morning, 
the  avenues  to  the  court  were 
crowded  by  barristers  in  fiill  cos- 
tume, and  an  immense  attendance 
of  citizens  of  every  degree.  The 
doors  of  the  court  were  closed, 
except  to  favoured  individuals, 
until  after  nine  o'clock,  when  they 
were  opened  to  the  public,  and  the 
burst  was  not  only  general  and 
oppressive,  but  violent  and  alarm-* 

The  traversers  were  placed  at  a 
side  bench  on  the  left  of  the  bar- 
benches,  in  the  foUowmjg  order, , 
viz. :— Jiame^  Foibes,  Wm.  Gra^ 
ham,  Geo.  Brotvnlofv,  Wm*  Hand^^ 
foiick,  George  Graham,  and  Henry 
HandwUch.  Thev  appeared  to 
enter  the  court  with  considerable 
confidence:  the  three  former  seem- 
ed to  be  persons  of  respectable  con- 
dition; the  others  were  not  so 
much  so.  Mr.  Sheriff  Thor^  inter- 
changed smiles  of  recognition  with 
some  of  the  traversers.  Fifteen 
counsel  appeared  for  them. 

Mr.  Dnscoll,  on  behalf  of  the 
traversers,  observed,  that  there 
were  two  informations  filed  against 
the  traversers,  and  required,  that 
they  should  be  tried  upon  them 
severally,  and  that  the  attomey- 
eeneral  should  now  select  which 
3iould  be  tried  first. 

The  Attorney-general  innsted, 
that  as  the  circumstances,  on  which 
the  two  informations  were  ground- 
ed, were  the  same,  the  two  infor- 
mations should  go  to    the  jury 


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together.    This  was  the  uniform 
ptdctice  on  circuit. 

Chief  Justice. — This  Court  has 
not  a  right  to  deprive  the  crown 
of  its  right  to  put  them  on  trial 
for  the  two  informations  together, 
when  grounded  upon  the  same  cir- 
cumstances, as  appear  by  the  copies 
of  the  informations  laid  before  us. 

There  was  not  any  Roman 
Catholic  (m  the  panel,  nor  any 
ostensible  member  of  the  Corpo- 
ration. The  jury  having  been 
sworn. 

The  Attorney-general,  at  a 
quarter  past  twelve  o'clock,  com- 
menced his  address  to  the  Bench 
and  jury,  which  lasted  for  two 
hours  and  a  quarter. 

The  first  witness  called  was 
Richard  Lowther,  box-keeper  to 
the  Theatre-royal,  who  deposed  to 
the  purchase  of  several  pit-tickets 
of  admission  to  the  theatre  for  the 
evening  upon  which  it  was  announc- 
ed, that  his  excellency  was  to 
honour  it  with  his  presence.  The 
tickets  were  purchased  by  the  tra- 
versers Forb^  and  Wm.  Graham, 
and  another  person. 

George  Atkinson,  examined  by 
the  Attomey-generaL — Knows  cf 
the  endeavours  made  to  produce 
disturbance  in  the  theatre.  They 
were  planned  in  the  Orange  lodge, 
Na  1612.  Forbes  belongs  to  Sie 
lodge  No.  1660,  and  W.  Graham 
to  me  same ;  cannot  tell  the  num- 
ber of  the  lodge  to  which  George 
Graham  belongs ;  the  two  Hand- 
witches  belong  to  the  lodge  780, 
and  Brownlow  to  No.  l6l2.  An 
assembly  was  held  on  th6  Friday 
evening  before  lord  Wellesley  went 
to  the  theatre,  at  the  public  house 
in  Werbu^-street,  belonging  to 
Peter  Daly.  Lodge  No.  1012  met 
there ;  it  is  a  purple  lodge,  whidi 
IS  the  next  higher  lodge  above  au 
grange  lodge,  and  it  is  required 


that  the  member  should  be  ei^ 
months  an  orangeman,  before  he 
can  be  admitted.  There  weie 
about  twenty  people  there:  witne» 
is  a  member ;  some  were  membecs 
and  some  visitors;  Forbes  was 
there.  Robert  Fletcher,  the  mas- 
ter of  the  lodge,  stood  up,  and 
proposed  that  a  subscription  should 
be  raised  for  defraying  the  esqiense 
of  men  gpiag  to  d&e  theatre  who 
could  not  aflSrd  to  pay  for  them^ 
selves.  The  purpose  he  mentioned 
was,  that  they  should  hiss  and 
groan  at  his  excellency,  and  alio 
Sie  lord  mayor ;  they  did  not  like 
lord  Welledey,  and  it  was  on  that 
account  that  they  intended  to  tiy, 
if  possible,  to  force  him  to  leave  the 
theatre.  It  was  understood  among 
us  all,  what  was  the  purpose  a 
sending  the  men  there.  Heard 
from  Uie  persons  there,  that  there 
had  been  a  prior  meeting  at  the 
Shakspeare  tavern:  it  was  there 
mentioned,  that  if  they  could  force 
his  excellency  to  leave  the  theatre, 
it  would  stamp  on  the  minds  of 
the  ministry  the  unpopularity  of 
his  excellency's  government.  The 
persons,  for  wlumi  the  tickets  were 
purchased,  were  to  be  sent  to  the 
upper  gallery,  because  it  was  con- 
sidered, that  the  members  of  lodge 
1612  would  be  enough  for  the 
pit,  to  which  they  were  sqppoint- 
ed.  The  members  of  that  lodge 
were  to  attend  early,  and  when  & 
doors  were  opened,  they  were  to 
force  their  way  into  the  pit,  and 
get  on  the  left  side  near  the  box  of 
Uie  lord  lieutenant,  for  the  same 
purpose  as  they  sent  the  other  men 
to  ihe  upper  f;allery.  Brownlow, 
the  traverser,  is  a  member  of  lodge 
1612 ;  and  while  they  were  peak- 
ing of  the  matter,  after  the  pky, 
he  said  he  was  in  thq  pit,  with 
numbers  of  the  lodge  1012;  and 
that  there  were  numbers  of  them 


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23» 


tWe,  tiot  not  altogether  in  the 
■pot  appointed  fen:  them.  Those 
aembm  of  the  lower  lodces^  who 
coold  not  afford  to  buy  tidcets  for 
tiiemselTes^  were  to  be  sent  to  the 
«mper  f;allery.  Neither  of  ifhe 
raindwitdies  were  at  the  lodge 
that  night.  The  party  subscribed 
about  one  pound  ;  two  pounds  were 
brought  them  by  John  AtkinsoUj 
tile  brother  of  witness,  to  be  applied 
to  the  same  purpose:  it  was  all 
banded  to  JcMm  to  purchase  pt- 
tkketS)  in  order  to  admit  persons  to 
the  upper  sallery,  as  every  pit- 
ticket  would  admit  three  persons 
tiiere.  Witness  went  with  his 
brother  John^  on  that  day,  to 
where  W.  Handwitch  wcnrks ;  saw 
bim  there ;  John  told  him  to  send 
H.  Handwitch  to  Ship-street^ 
where  the  other  orange  lodge  was 
held  that  evening,  and  also  to 
bring  as  many  as  he  oouldget  of  the 
poorer  dasses  of  orangemen,  who 
could  not  provide  tickets,  to  the 
ngn  of  the  Black  Bull  in  that 
street.  At  4  or  5  in  the  afternoon, 
saw  Fofbes,  a  person  named 
M'Culloch,  witness's  brother  John, 
Henry  Handwitch,  George  €rra- 
faam,  and  several  others,  at  that 
bouse  in  Ship-street:  one  pit-ticket 
was  given  to  every  three,  to  give  to 
the  poorer  dass  to  adbooit  them  to 
the  upper  galkoy;  fiwm  20  to  30 
ttdcets  were  given,  whidi  would 
admitfrom60to90persons.  There 
were  about  30  pmons  present  at 
tile  time;  all  tiiat  were  at  Sh^ 
street  went  to  the  theatre  tiiat 
nigbt;  there  were  full  as  many  in 
the  theatre  as  left  the  lodge;  they 
bad  sticks  with  them.  It  was 
tben  mentioned,  that,  alter  the 
tune  of  ''God  save  the  King,"  they 
should  insist  on  the  ''Boyne 
Water'*  being  played  by  the  mu- 
sidans ;  and  they  were  not  to  let 
tile  play  go  on  for  the  remaincfer 


of  the  evening,  until  it  should  be 
played.  This  was  tobe  e£feoted  by 
thc^  making  as  mudi  noise  as 
they  could.  It  was  arranged  on 
Saturday  evening,  that  they  might 
know  one  another  by  the  words 
•'Look  out,"  whidi  were  to  be 
used  as  the  vratdi-word  of  the 
ni^t  When  Handwitdi  was 
going  away,  he  said  to  tiie  men 
that  were  goinff  to  the  theatre, 
"Boys,  be  wKskcd."  Witness  saw 
that  party  afterwards  in  the  upper 
ffalkry,  on  the  opposite  side  to  lord 
WeQesley:  witness  assisted  in 
placing  them  in  the  gallery,  along 
with  Forbes,  M'Cullodi,  Jc^ 
Atkinson,  and  Henry  Handwitdi: 
witness  left  them  in  about  twenty 
minutes,  and  saw  them  after 
towards  the  centre  <^  tiie  gaUery ; 
saw  Forbes  in  the  house  that 
night  in  the  upper  tier  of  boxes  j 
he  had  a  small  whistie  in  his  hand, 
and  whistled  with  it — he  was 
within  half  a  yard  of  the  gallery, 
and  was  speaking  to  some  of  the 
party  in  the  g^dlery.  This  was 
after  the  first  part  of  the  riot. 
Saw  hand  bills  going  about  in 
different  parts  erf  Uie  house — ^they 
were  printed.  Saw  them  before 
in  manuscript  with  M'Culloch 
(they  were  produced  and  identi- 
fied); saw  M'Culloch  dispersing 
them  through  the  house,  from  the 
parted  the  house  immediatdy  over 
the  lord  lieutenant's  box,  and  one 
of  themfell  on  his  cushion.  Knows 
a  person  named  Kdly ;  and  did  not 
see  him  at  the  theatre  that  night, 
but  saw  him  after  the  play  at  a 
house  in  Essex-street,  bdonging 
to  a  person  named  Flanagan :  saw 
Forbes  throw  some  of  ute  hand- 
bills on  the  stage ;  heard  wMsties 
and  shouts  from  the  ffallery :  some 
cried  out  ''A  groan  for  the  popish 
Welledey;"  snme  one  also  cried 
out  «*Bald*pated  Wdleidey>  yOu 


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B4»       ANNUAL    REGISTER.  1823. 


vuxy  go  home  ;'*  ^t  that  time  these 
w»8  much  Boiae,  and  the  perfbrm- 
f^ice  was  interrupted  sometimes; 
fifter  those  Qxpressions  .were  used^ 
he  s^w  Forbes  speaking  to  the 
people  in  the  gallery;  knows 
potbing  of  a  bottle  having  been 
tfavown.  There  was  a  good  deal  of 
conversation.  Forbes  made  use  of 
the  ezpressioii  ''  The  devi}  mend 
hin^"  (lord  Wellesley),  when 
speaking  of  the  bottle  having  been 
thrown;  that  he  did  not  eaie  if  he 
hiniself  were  transported^  so  as  he 
could  raise  an,orange-lo^  where- 
«ver  he  should  l^  sent  There 
was  no  particular  conversation,  but 
ft  mere  runningoonversaticm  among 
th^aiselves ;  ^ey  were  speakii^  as 
to  Handwitch  beii)g  taken,  and 
who  was  to  go  bcol  for  him.  For- 
bes asked  some  of  them  who  had 
been  in  the  pit,  why  th^  had  not 
peen  more  active  ?  He  said  this  to 
Bcownlow,  who  answered,  that 
those  in  the  pit  did  as  much  as 
those  in  any  other  part  of  the 
^se.  They  said,  diat  Hand- 
witch  was  chsurged  with  throwit^ 
the  bottle.  They  expressed  them^ 
selves  in  terms,  that  they  w^  sorry 
in  fact  that  the  bottle  did  not  take 
eflfect.  Forbej^  Brownlow,  M'Cul- 
loch,  and  several  others  were 
raesent  during  the  whole  of  this. 
The  witness  here  identified  all  the 
traversers. 

On  his  croas-ea^mination  by 
several  counsel  for  the  traversetv, 
he  said  he  never  gave  infcormation 
to  the  government  of  what  ha 
now  deposed  to.  This  was  his 
first  public  disclosure  of  them. 
No  d^uUy  weapons  were  ever  pro* 
posed  to  be  Inrought  to  the  theatre 
-—that  is,  fire  Brmn;  never  heard 
imy  directions  eiven  to  assault  or 
insult  any  body;  never  remon- 
strated with  any  one  against  gcHng 
to.the  theatre;    reool)^  perieot^ 


ly  wdl,  that  Fletcher  did 
use  tif  the  l(»d  lieutenant's  paoMa 
lui  well  as  th^  lord  mayw's,  and  m 
the  presence  of  Fcrbes,  when 
raising  the  subscrqitipn  j  first  mm 
the  whistle  with  porbes  at  the 
lodge  in  Ship-street ;  witness  had 
gotten  one  alflp,  but  did  jiet  buy  it, 
as  there  were  several  handed  aba^t 
in  Ship-street  Forbes  was  cer<r 
tainly  very  warm,  and  somewhat 
tipsey,  when  he  eame  to  Fkna^ 
gan's :  recoUeeta  he  J^^e  toaSU 
^fter  supper,  vi«.^— "Ine  Ki^" 
f  The  Glorious  Memory,"  ''  TTie 
Protestant  Ascendancy."  They 
Separated  at  half-^past  one  in  the 
morning.  There  were  strangers 
in  the  room,  whom  none  ef  them 
knew.  Did  not  hear  ai^  faitefe- 
tion  mentioned  of-  throwing  a 
piissile  at  any  body ;  did  not  hev 
Forbes  give  any  suidi  direeliKm. 

John  Atkinsdn  oinwitwid  ■  tfad 
a  meeting  wiUi  some  persons  pfior 
to  the  evening  of  liis  eioeelleiiey's 
going  to  the  theatre ;  the  aulgeet 
^  oonversation  was  his-eK^lLBnicy's 
intended  visit ;  heard  k  mentioaed 
mare  than  once;  the  first  neetjig 
wasat  the  Shak8peawT«vem;it  was 
mentioned  there,  ttett  theoMttg^rtJlo 
be  some  plan  adopted^  send  sove 
pec^le  to  l^e  thi^itre  on  ike  mig^ 
of  his  going  there,  lor  the  purpose 
t^  rendering  lord  Wellesley  unpo- 
pular>  that  it  might  eause  hsste- 
moval.  It  was  mentioned,  tiat 
th^  might  cause  him  to  letv«  ike 
theatre,  and  ultimately  tibe  ooim* 
try.  Witiiefstecei^redvsemeyfimai 
the  persons  present  at  the  Shak- 
speare  Tavern.  The  taamcj  was 
to  purchase  tickets  to  send  persons  < 
to  the  upper  gallery ;  it  was  not 
neoessary  to  send  people  to  any 
other  part  of  the  house,  as  ikftn 
^  would  be  plenty  to  go  there  at 
their  ovim  ti^nse.  Saw  some  of 
tbttn  ugab  ia  the  eveniigal  Wer« 


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tAW   CASES.    &c- 


25* 


1iinKfa.4t9eet»  at  Peler  Dafy's  ; 
Stojceri  Heron,  and  H.  Hand- 
witoh  were  there ;  ako  Fletcher 
andglmttheirof  Stokev;  Handwiteli 
was  mH^  to  get  •ome  people  t» 
g^,  aad  he  uadertook  to  do  i4.  The 
witAeai  proceeded  to  detiul  the  av* 
iwigeBieeQts  nude  for  placing  the 
people  in  the  thead«,  .as  akeady 
nentkmed  hj  his  favorer  George^ 
^  the  previous  day;  he  stated  Ae 
prqparmtjon  of  the  sticks,  whistles, 
the  rattl^  s^ts^  and  porter,  and 
ditpldng  it  helbre  going  to  the 
theatre,  the  purchase  of  the  tickets, 
&e.  Forbw,  M'Cttlloch,  with  wit. 
ness  and  his  brother,  went  with 
the  mati  to  the  upper  gallery,  and 
then  to  the  boKet;  w&stles  were 
distc&uted  at  Daly's  in  S^ufK 
street;  witness  held  A»  stocks 
purse,  and  purdwsei  those  things; 
The  witness  proceeded  to  state  liie 
amvenatisn  in  Flanagan's  hotd, 
in  £afex*8treet,  whoe  Forbes, 
Wm.  Cmhaniy  &owb1ow,  and 
others  attended. 

This  witness  was  cmss^^zamined 
at  eonsidecahfe  length,  to  Aow, 
thftt  he  WBS  now  swearing  against 
die  trmvetaers,  with  a  view  to  pre* 
vent  his  being  removed  hem  « 
place  ef  90^  a  year  in  the  excise. 
fVitness  is  deipm^  master  of  an 
onsnge  lodge,  and  his  brother  is 
sewetey.  Foibes  and  he  were 
intimate ;  diey  bou|^t  the  whistles 
ftogether;  he  admits  he  took  no 
pains  to  prevent  persons  going  to 
die  theatre,  bat  on  the  contrary 
jetnedin  it ;  he  did  not  then  see 
the  evilieBdency  of  their  conduct, 
and  believeB  that  others  were 
e^ially  innooeBt ;  he  endeavoured 
to  prevent  them  eanymg  their 
sticks  with  them;  witness^been 
an  Oran|[eman  since  1818 ;  knows 
the  pnnci]dt8of  the  sodety;  their 
dfirfamtions  and  loyal  proiwHnons, 
vtosh  wune  md  by  counsel,  were 


authenticated  l^  witneiss,*  wlio. 
stated  he  tock  an  oath  to  tbe  stev 
effect  on  entering  the  society,  and 
also  took  the  oath  of -aH^gianee^ 
and  yet  never  endeavoured  to  pre- 
vent  tbisall^iedcottspirapyai^Binst 
the  Idne's  govemmcsH*  Witness 
saw  noming  with  Henry  Hand* 
witch  but  a  sdek ;  did  not  see  hint 
do  any  thing  offimstve  during  the 
whde  night  ;*  is  perfectly  certain, 
that  Forbes  is  as  loyal  to  tiie  king 
and  his  government  as  any  person 
can  be.  No  part  of  the  agreement 
was  to  assault  or  insult  lord  Wd^ 
ksley,  or  any  body  else. 

Jdin  Lambert  examined-^  >  Waa 
at  the  theatre  on  the  night  that 
lord  Wellesley  was  there ;  befiore 
his  excellency  came  in,  placards 
were  dinersod  in  some  ports ; 
Wilfiam  Graham,  n^iom  witness 
identified,  was  engaged  in  the  pit 
in  handing  them  SbavtL  There 
were  hissing  end  groaning^  wbea 
h»d  Wellesley  came  in;  dieie 
were  numbers  of  persons  about 
Graham,  and  in  eomraanioatkm 
with  him :  heard  die  words, '^  Look 
out,  boys,"  from  the  galleries; 
also  heard  whisding  from  die  gaU 
Kiies. 

John  Rooney  examined.— Is  a 
brewer;  was  in  the  middle  gallery 
that  night,  near  the  boxes,  and  in 
front  on  the lig^t hand;  ^tinctly 
saw  the  upper  gallery  i  there  was 
hooting  and  shouting  when  lord 
Wdleueycameui.  "nus  was  kspt 
up  by  a  group  of  persons  in  the 
upper  ga&ry.  Observed  a  watoh-^ 
man's  rattle  in  the  hand  of  a  per* 
son  tnyting  mudi  noise  vrith  it ; 
some  had  sdcks  under  dieir  -eoats, 
widi  large  heads  on  them.  Hiere 
wenegroansfor  dK  loid  mayor,  and 
groans  for  die  house  of  Weileil^ ; 
daps  for  sheriff*  Thorpe,  and  for 
die  CalTs  Head.  Saw  something 
his  si^t,  over  the  foot 


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26*      ANNUAL  REGISTER,   1823. 


liAts ;  it  proved  to  be  a  bottle, 
whibh  8tru(^  the  drop  scene,  and 
made  a  dinge  in  it ;  uid  turned  up 
a  comer  near  lord  Wellesley,  about 
three  or  four  feet  from  the  side  of 
the  theatre  next  him ;  also  saw  a 
pece  of  timber  thrown  acrossty 
which  rebounded  from,  lord  Wel- 
lesley's  box  to  the  stage. 

Jc^  CKFlaherty  examined.— • 
Went  to  the  theatre  that  ^ht 
with  a  Mr.  Bumaide :  saw  ti^iAs, 
and  heard  groans  and  hisses,  and 
the  words  "  Look  out,  look  out, 
boys ;"  saw  a  bottle  strike  the  cur- 
tab,  within  a  third  of  the  distance 
from  lord  WeUesley  to  the  centre ; 
it  was  a  black  quart  bottle,  and 
was  thrown  when  "  God  save  the 
king"  was  performing,  between 
the  play  and  farce ;  saw  hand-bills 
dioweied  from  the  upper  sallery, 
from  the  lattice  over  lord  W^-> 
lealey,  and  more  from  the  opposite 
lattices ;  there  was  a  general  burst 
of  indignation,  when  the  bottle 
was  thrown. 

Giles  O'Bnan  examined.^— *Was 
in  the  upper  gallery  that  night ; 
saw  persons  there  with  stiAB 
striking  them  against  the  gallery, 
and  hiding  the  lord  mayor  and  lord 
Wellesley.  Between  the  play  and 
force  they  were  callinar  out  for 
the  band  to  play  the  "Protestant 
Boys,"  and  "  Boyne  Water."  Heard 
them  call  out,  "  Look  out,  boys !" 
They  cried  out  against  the  b— - — j 
Papists,  and  by  Popish  lord 
lieutenant.  When  the  words, 
"  Look  out,  boys !"  were  used,  a 
voice  answered,  "  We  are  here." 
They  had  short  sticks,  about  half 
a3rardlon^;  saw  a  person  parti- 
cularly active,  not  one  of  the  tra- 
versers; saw  something  pass  near 
the  latlace,  but  could  not  discern 
what  it  was. 

John  Eston  exaniined.-.«Wa8  in 
the  upper  gallery,  appmU  lord 


Wdkaley ;  saw  a  person  beatiilg 
the  gallery  with  a  stidc  in  w 
front,  and  calling  out  "  No  Popidi 
lieutenant,  no  Fapdi  Govern- 
ment;" idoitifies  Matthew  Hand- 
witch  as  the  person ;  they  groaned 
at  the  lord  tieutenant  repeateffly ; 
Matthew  Handwitch  was  the  most 
conspicuous ;  there  must  have  been 
a  hundred  of  those  persons  in  ^ 
upper  gaUery ;  they  had  sticks  witii 
nobs  on  them ;  was  much  fright- 
ened and  wished  to  retire.  Heard 
some  persons  beaten ;  heard  the 
words  ^  Look  out,"  whidi  ap- 
peared to  be  a  signal  which  they 
used  repeatedly. 

Christopher  Moransexamined^— 
Was  in  the  upper  gallery;  saw  a 
nuteber  of  persons  with  sticks, 
heard  them  hiss  and  groan  at  the 
lord  lieutenant ;  there  was  a  lam 
party  together;  the  two  HanoU 
witdies  were  particttlaoiy  active, 
Matthew  Handwitch  was  beating 
the  £ront  of  the  rails  with  a  slick, 
and  striving  to  interrupt  the  per-- 
fermanoe;  heard  him  propose  to 
man  at  the  lord  Heutenant ;  heard 
uiemcryout  ''A  gioan for  popish 
WeUesley!"  and  ''No  popish 
government!"  One  person  had  a 
rattle;  they  raised  the  sticks  and 
brandished  them  over  their  heads; 
there  were  persons  beat  Uiat 
nisht;  saw  Henry  Handwitch 
be£ind  him  with  a  party  who  had 
one  man  down,  and  with  their 
fists  and  sticks  raised  over  him ; 
observed  also  afieht  to  ^e  left 

Cross-examined.— Did  not  see  a 
bottle  thrown ;  was  examitied  be- 
fore the  police  and  the  grand  jury, 
but  they  only  asked  one  or  two 
questiona— ''Did  yon  see  the  bot- 
Ue  thrown"  and  "Did  you  see  die 
stick  thrown  ?"  and  when  witnev 
said  "No,"  they  said  they  had  no 
occasion  for  him;  when  he  was 
going  to  tdl  them  what  h^  sa«r. 


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they  said  that  would  do,  and  they 
showed  him  the  door.  Often  be- 
fore saw  boxing  in  the  \xpjper 
gallery. 

Midiael  Farrel  examined^— -Saw 
Heniy  Handwitch  in  the  theatre ; 
warn  him  after  the  last  act  of  the 
play  take  a  bottle  in  his  hand  and 
throw  it  ftom  him;  he  was  in 
front  of  witness,  to  his  left ;  he 
threw  it  in  a  round  way,  moving 
bis  hand  from  right  to  left,  it  was 
directed  to  the  Im-hand  side ;  saw 
it  after,  held  up  by  one  of  the 
musicians ;  there  were  a  number 
of  persons  together ;  they  were 
very  noisy  with  white  sticks ;  saw 
Henry  Handwitch  in  communi- 
cation with  them ;  they  were  call- 
ing names  for  lord  Wellesley,  and 
no  Eastern  tyrant.  Witness  kept 
his  eyes  on  Henry  Handwitch,  nil 
he  reached  the  pcdice-offioe ;  Hand- 
witch did  not  stir,  but  was  arrested 
in  10  or  15  minutes  ''after.  Wit- 
ness was  put  out  of  the  police- 
effioe,  although  he  told  them  he 
had  informatiicm  to  give.  Witness 
is  a  jeweller. 

Cross-examined. — If  Handwitch 
had  gone  more  to  the  centre,  he 
eould  have  made  a  better  aim. 
Never  saw  ^e  bottle,  till  it  was  in 
the  man's  hand  in  the  act  of 
throwing  it. 

Philip  Ryan,  examined.— -Iden- 
tified George  Grraham;  saw  him 
with  a  number  of  persons  in  the 
Uieatre  that  night  sitting  in  the 
front  seat  of  the  upper  gallery ;  he 
made  much  noise  with  a  rattle;  he 
made  a  great  deal  of  noise  with  it, 
both  during  the  play  and  at  the 
conclusion  of  it.  The  rattle  being 
broken,  he  could  not  then  use  it 
as  such,  but  separated  the  two 
pieces,  and  struck  them  against 
the  gallery,  at  the  same  time  the 
lord  lieutenant  was  groaned  and 
^lissed  at;   he  stood  up,  looked 


down  into  the  middle-gallery ;  and 
then  threw  the  piece  m  the  rattle 
in  the  direction  of  the  lord  lieu- 
tenant: it  seemed  to  strike  the 
ecLre  of  the  box  in  which  his  ex- 
oeUency  was  sitting.  Witness  was 
in  the  ftont  seat  of  the  middle- 
flndlery,  and  saw  him  clearly. 
There  were  cries  of  "  No  popish 
sovemment,  a  groan  for  marquis 
Wellesley ;"  they  were  then  drm- 
ing  out  of  a  bottle,  "  the  glorious 
Memory — ^the  protestant  ascends 
ancy — ^the  Boyne  Wat«r ; — this 
ni^t  the  gallery  is  our  own. " 

Dr.  Macnamara  resides  in  Bal- 
linakill^  was  in  the  middle  eal- 
lery  that  night ;  saw  a  good  deal 
of  disturbance;  heard  scurrilous 
words  of  the  lord  lieutenant  and 
the  lord  majroc^— ''  A  groan  for  the 
knave  of  Clubs" — "  No  popish 
ffuard  for  the  Coll^  men" — ^'^  A 
dim  for  lord  C^No^  tod  Talbot^ 
and  alderman  Darley;"  heard  a 
voice  cry  out,  "  Boys,  mind  your 
fire;"  was  made  uneasy;  looked 
to  the  upper  gallery :  saw  a  man 
raise  his  arm,  and  throw  some^ui^ 
from  him ;  the  view  was  a  moment 
obstructed,  but  he  traced  its  transit, 
and  saw  it  taken  up:  it  was  a 
bottle;  it  was  thrown  horn  the 
left  extremity  of  the  upper  gallery; 
he  identifies  Henry  Handwitch  as 
the  person  who  threw  it;  never 
saw  him  since  till  this  day,  and 
knew  him  immediately. 

Cross-examined— Was  convicted 
of  an  alleged  pound-breakinff,  and 
sentenced  to  three  numths  im- 
prisonment and  20L  fine.  Does 
not  expect  to  shorten  the  duration 
(^  his  imprisonment  by  giving 
this  evidence. 

The  pants  spoken  to  by  these 
witnesses  were  proved  by  several 
others.  The  case  for  the  prose- 
cution was  dosed  on  the  3rd  day 
ofthetriiL    Af)ier  the  counsel  Cw 


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ANNUAL  REGISTER,   1823. 


iba  traversers  hod  addieised  the 
jury,  tbey  q^lled  the  following  wit* 
lieaies  :^-^Frederick  French,  esq^j 
of  Rallinalrill,  Queen's  county  j 
Mr.  John  Pounden  i  Mr.  B^amin 
Smith ;  Mr.  Charles  Broad,  of  the 
Theatr^royal;.  lady  Bo^smorei 
^d  Mr.  J.  If.  BilocasL 

The  S(^citor->general  having 
plosed  his  reply,  at  eleven  o'chx£ 
PH  the  morning  of  ti^  5th  day  of 
the  trial  (Friday,  F^ruary  7), 
.  The  Lord  Chief  Justice  inun&- 
4iatdy  proo^eded  to  charge  the 
jury:— 

.  ^Oneofthetraverserscounselhad 
esserted  it  to  be  a  right  of  persons  to 
mark  at  a  public  th^tre  their  idea- 
sure  or  d:i5pleasure  with  a  public 
^h^racter.  Thisdoctrine  the  Court 
miBi^imously  disapproved  of.  The 
audience  mijzht,  £f  they  pleased, 
hoot  the  performance  or  the  actor, 
wha  was  dependant  on  their  ap^ 
j^robationorcfqprioe;  butnoteveu 
in  the  case  of  an  actor  would  they 
]l)e  permitted  tp  commit  ^  riot  or 
Itfsault :  fuid  if  the  insult  or  assault 
towards  him  wa?  aot  the  impulse  of 
fudden  fueling,  but  appeared  to  be 
the  execution  of  a  premeditated 
eon8piracy--^then  it  became  highly 
ciimuial.  The  Chief  Justice  next 
recapitulated  the  several  counts  of 
the  indictment,  and  proposed  four 
questions,  as  calculated  to  aid  them 
iu  the  verdict  to  which  they  might 
agree-^lst,  whet^^  the  traversers 
were  at  the  theatie  on  the  14th 
of  Decewiber;  2nd,  if  there 
was  evidence  to  inculpate  the  ac- 
imsed  parties  with  being  partici- 
pators in  the  riot»  and  to  what 
extent  tibey  were  severally  incul-p 
pated;  Srdly,  whether  the  chaxaotQ* 
cf  evidence  was  such  as  to  induce 
the  jjAry  tp  believe,  that  that  riot 
proeeeded  from  the  impulse  pf  sud*- 
4ea  feeling,  pr  was  the  result  of 
pwxmperted    plj^j    jnd   4thly, 


whether  ^  evideaQe  kou^^ 
home  to  the  traversers  t|ie  guilt  c( 
being  implicated  in  sucl^  cq^gpmcj 
if  it  did  exist  His  lord^p  then 
read  to  the  jury  the  whole  of  (he 
evidence  during  the  three  d^  (f 
the  trial,  and  concluded  ^y  a  moA 
eloquent  appeal  to  them  to  ditn* 
number  the  trial  of  every  ^tn- 
neous  matter  of  p^n^udice  sol 
topic  of  irrelevant  tei|4<^oy. 

Mr.  Justice  Jebb,  Mr.  Justbe 
Burton,  and  Mr.  Justice  Vands- 
leur,  expressed  their  entire  ccm* 
Gurrence  with  the  law  and  obser* 
vations  which  had  fallen  from  the 
Chief  Justice.  The  jury  redred 
at  4  o'clock. 

The  judges  remained  oa  ^ 
bench  until  after  5  o'clock,  wsitiag 
ther  return  to  court :  but  loamiog 
that  delay  was  likely  to  occur,  tht 
judges  retired,  intimating  that  two 
of  them  would  return  at  9  ^ 
receive  the  verdict. 
.  Judges  Burton  and  Vand^Jeur 
arrived  at  9»  &nd  orda:ed  the  jaij 
to  be  summoned.  The  order  wv 
instantly  obeyed;  they  appesr^ 
in  court,  and  on  being  asked  if 
they  had  determined  as  to  the  ver- 
dict;, replied,  that  th^  had  nfd, 
and  thai  they  were  w4  Ukebj  io 
agree.  The  foreman  then  requeu- 
ed, that  he  and  his  brother  juron 
i^Kht  be  discharged.  The  judges 
loused  to  comply,  and  ordered  ue 
sheriff  to  take  charge  of  Uie  jiuTi 
to  lock  them  up  in  their  chambc^i 
and  to  leqp  the  key.  The  t^iitaff 
of  the  court  was  sworn  not  to 
.allow  any  cpnununication  with  the 
jury>  and  to  kee^  watch  outside. 

On  Saturday  morning  at  J| 
quarter,  papt  t^,  Mr.  Justice  Jebb 
came  i»to  the  court,  and  beipg 
informed  that  the  jury  had  i^ 
yet  agi»ed  on  their  verdict,  ordered 
them  to  be  called  into  the  bo:^ 

The  ^ury  appeared  very  aw* 


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LAW   CASE^,   Sec. 


29" 


fatigued ;  when  ihe  l^&med  judge 
takeSi  them,  d^A  they  diMgree  cm 
ftiiy  point  o^  law? 

The  IbretAan  tutaecl  rof«^d  to 
eofisult  his  fellow-jerots ;  «nd> 
while  in  cOnsultatibA, 

Mr.  NeO  M'Kenny,  a  juror, 
ttddresfied  the  Court,  tod  said,  fhey 
did  Aot  dis^ree  on  anj  pokit  o[ 
law. 

Mr.  Justice  Jehh^— Gentlemen, 
Retire  to  your  juiy-roofti. 

The  jury  again  retired,  and  at 
"half-past  eleven. 

Judge  Jehh  ordered  ihe  jury  to 
lie  again  called  into  court,  and  asked 
them,  if  th^  had  yet  agreed  on 
their  verdict  ? 

The  foreman  replied,  they  had 
HbU 

They  were  again  ordered  to 
retire,  and  shortly  after 

The  Attorney-general  stated  to 
the  Coiu^,  that  the  proceedings, 
which  had  taken  place  in  this 
'court,  would  not  prevent  him  from 
bringing  the  matter  forward  again 
bext  Temv 

The  Attorney-general  then  sat 
down,  and  the  jury  were  again 
t^ed,  when 

Jttdee  Jehh  put  it  to  the  attomey- 
genenu,  whether,  as  he  would  he 
obliged  to  discharge  the  jury  at  8 
o'clock,  it  might  not,  as  a  matter 
of  fevour  (as  they  were  not  likdy 
to  agree  in  their  verdict),  hfe  wefi 
to  ducharge  them  now,  to  which 
su^estion. 

The  Attomey.general  consented; 
but  previous  to  the  jury  heing  dis- 
missed, he  thought  it  necessary  to 
mention  to  them  what  he  had 
fdifeady  sidd  to  the  Court,  that  thfe 
proceedings,  that  had  Idteady  taken 
place,  would  not  prevent  hiin  from 
brining  the  matter  forward  again. 


HO0E(«  OF  L0RD6. 

Scoifh  Marrioge. — Reid  agamsi 
RM-'^^herww  Reid  againH 
Laingy*^MAY  7* 

In  this  case  Getoge  Reid,  esq.  df 
Hatho^bank,  near  Minburgh,  was 
the  appellant,  and  MrS;  Jean  Reid, 
otherwise  Latng,  was  the  respon* 
dent ;  and  the  question  was,  whe*- 
Ifher  the  paities  did  or  did  not 
stand  towards  each  other  in  the 
relation  of  husband  and  wife.^ 

The  jndges  in  Scotland  had 
unanimously  decided  this  question 
in  the  afiSitaiative. 

The  circumstances  of  the  present 
case,  as  stated  on  the  part  of  the 
respondent.  Were  as  follows  :*^H^ 
father,  Alexander  Laing,  was  em* 
ployed  in  country  labour  by  the 
appellant,  Mr.  Reid.  The  respon* 
ident  was  reared  in  her  fethcr^ 
house,  and  was  distinguished  }yf 
the  notice  of  the  appellant  evefe 
when  she  was  at  school.  She  was 
bom  the  10th  November,  178^, 
and  about  1802  was  engaged  as  a 
servant  in  the  house  of  Ihe  appel*- 
lant ;  and  soon  afterwards  he  b€^ti 
to  talk  tohei'of  marriage. 

Mr.  Reid,  it  b  alS^ed,  Wife 
much  under  the  influence  di  his 
mother,  sister?,  and  other  relations, 
and  was  therefore,  extremely  anxs- 
ioiis  to  conceal  his  attachment  to 
the  respondent ;  but  he  constant^ 
flattered  himself  and  her,  that  he 
would  one  day  eome  boldly  forwai€l 
and  avow  his  engagements.  He  was 
mdre  than  I9  years  older  thah 
liersdf;  was  in  possession  of  a 
clear  landed  estate  worth  50  or 
-60,000/. ;  andhehadtheaddress,  the 
educ&li6n,  and  manners  of  a  ge^e- 
man,  added  to  a  prepossessing  ap- 
pearance. '  Notwithstanding  all  ms 
caution,  Mr.  Reid  was  unable  to- 
itttly  to  conceal hisattejitions  to  her. 


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30«        ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1823. 


These  attentioni  were  noticed  by 
kis  near  rdadons;  and  the  conse- 
quence was,  that  the  respondent 
quitted  Mr.  Reid's  house^  and  en- 
flaged  herself  as  servant  in  the 
family  of  Mr.  M'Knight>  in  the 
immediate  neighbourhood;  where 
she  remained  six  months.  During 
that  time,  Mr.  Reid  kept  up  his 
communication  with  her  by  many 
private  meetings,  and  by  letters. 
On  leaving  Mr. 'M'Knight's  house, 
the  respondent  went  to  her  fa- 
therms,  where  she  remained  six 
months.  During  the  whole  of  this 
period,  the  parties  had  frequent 
meetings.  They  also  carried  on 
secretly  a  written  correspondence, 
but  he  was  still  unable  to  come  to 
a  determination  to  enter  into  a 
public  marriage.  He  represented 
to  her,  that  certain  circumstances 
rendered  this  inconvenient;  she  re- 
solved, therefore,  to  engage  her- 
self as  a  servant  in  Edinburgh, 
and  she  obtained  a  situation  with 
Mrs.  Watson,  in  Hope-street, 
Edinburgh.  Mr.  Reid's  estate  of 
Ratho-buik  was  at  the  distance  of 
between  6  and  7  miles  from  Edin- 
burgh. 

When  the  period  approached,  at 
whidi  ^e  respondent  was  to  re- 
move to  Edinburgh,  the  appellant 
expressed  great  anxiety  to  secure 
iher8spoii£nt  to  himself  bymutual 
written  declarations  of  marriage. 
In  one  of  his  letters  he  furnished 
her  with  a  copy  of  the  declaration, 
which  he  intreated  her  to  write. 

The  parties  afterwards  met,  and 
exdianged  mutual  dedsrations  of 
maniage  Moerapk^hat  is,  in 
dwif  own  hand-writing  remecdve- 
ly.  That  which  the  ajqpdhnt  de- 
livered to  the  respondcsit  was  thus 
expressed:-*'^!  hereby  engage tobe 
a  true,  a  faithAil,  a  kmd,  andaffeo- 
tionatehusband  to  you,  on  condition 
tiiat  you  are  the  same  tb  me;  and 


I  further  engage  to  show  this  to  no 
person,  and  to  make  it  known  to 
nobody  whatever,  without  your 
consent  (l^gned^  Gborgb  Reid." 
A  holograph  writing  to  the  same 
effect  was  given  to  the  appellant 
by  the  reqKmdent.  When  the 
document  now  produced  was 
delivered  to  the  respondent,  there 
was  no  date  annexed  to  it.  The 
respondent  says,  she  desired  Mr. 
Reid  to  date  it ;  but  he  said  it  was 
unnecessary,  and  that  she  might 
date  it  herself,  which  was  imm^ 
ately  done.  Mr.  Reid  insisting 
they  were  married  persons,  request- 
ed that  the  marriage  should  be 
consummated ;  and  accordingly  it 
was  alleged,  that  he  had,  on  the  4di 
of  November,  conjugal  intercourse 
with  the  respondent  m  a  new  house 
upon  his  property,  which  had  not 
then  been  inhabited,  although  it 
was  partly  furnished. 

The  respondent,  at  Martinmas 
(11th  of  Nov.)  1808,  entered  into 
the  service  of  Mrs.  Watson,  where 
she  remained  for  one  year  and  a 
half;  during  all  that  time  Mr.  Reid 
crowed  the  utmost  attention  to 
her,  calling  everjr  week  he  was  i« 
town,  and  writu^  to  her  oflen 
two  or  three  times  in  the  course  ef 
as  many  days. 

The  respondent,  on  WhitsnadEqr 
1810,  (as  the  same  reasons  wae 
stated  by  the  appellant  to  exist  fir 
secresy),  went  mto  the  service  rf 
Mr.  Carfrae  in  York-place,  Edia- 
burgh.  Mr.  Carfrae's  family  re- 
moved to  Queensfeny,  a  wstering^ 
place  nine  miles  from  Ratho-bank; 
and  Mr.  Reid  came  repeatecBy  to 
Queensfeny,  for  the  jporpose  of 
seeing  the  respondent,  and  th^r 
generally  wrote  to  each  other  once 
a  week.  The  respondent  remsineJ 
in  this  situation  nine  months;  sb^ 
led  Mr.  Carfrae's  on  account  of  the 
death  of  her  father.    While  with 


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Iier  mother,  with  whom  she 
l^emained  till  Whit-sundaj  (15th 
of  May)  1811,  the  oarties  saw 
each  other  daily.  On  leaving  her 
mother's  house,  the  req^dent 
went  to  the  service  of  Mrs.  Kerr, 
of  Woodbum,  near  Dalkeith, 
where  she  remained  six  months* 
During  this  jperiod  also  the  parties 
met  several  tunes,  and  they  carried 
on  a  correspondence  by  letters  as 
before. 

The  respondent,  at  Martinmas 
(11th  November^  1811,  went  into 
the  service  of  Mrs.  Congalton,  in 
Castle-street,  Edinburgh,  with 
whom  she  remained  for  two  years. 
Mr.  Beid  came  to  the  house  fre- 
quently, and  they  saw  each  other 
almost  every  week. 

At  his  request,  she  entered,  at 
Martinmas,  1815,  into  the  service 
9f  the  funily  €^  Robert  Gillies, 
esq.,  advocate,  Edinbur^,  where 
she  at  present  is.  The  same  inter- 
courae,  however,  continued,  after 
ihe  respondeat  entered  into  the 
aervice  of  Mr.  Gillies. 

The  multitude  of  private  meet- 
ings between  the  parties  (it  was 
aHaged),  did  not  pass  without  thoi» 
enwarments  which  were  sanction- 
ed by  their  solemn  engagements, 
and  wey  occasionally  piuised  whole 
ai^its  together.  The  appellant 
frequently  found  his  way,  at  late 
hoias,  to  the  apartments  in  which 
the  re^ondent  slept,  and  at  times 
th^  met  in  woods  in  the  country. 
At  length  the  respondent  was  led 
to  iirgB,  that  an  end  should  be  put 
to.  the  mystery:  several  unsatis* 
&ctfary  meetings  took  place,  at 
which  he  still  wished  to  delay  a 
public  avowal  of  marriage;  the 
consequence  was,  that  a  declarnUw 
mS  marriage  was  raised  in  the  Con- 
siatorial  court,  at  Edinbiu^. 

Against  this  action  two  defences 
were  stated: — 1st,  that  there  was 


no  proof  of  a  cofMtfNJitf  ds  pnBfewli 
inmatrimonwm,  and  that  the  cor« 
respondence  and  mutual  declara- 
tions amounted  only  to  a  mere  pro* 
mise  of  manage  defiUuro;  and 
Sndly,  it  was  asserted, thatalthou^ 
a  promise  of  marriage  had  no  doimt 
been  aiade,  yet  that  was  insuf- 
ficient, as  it  was  said  that  there 
was  noproof  of  ctjpdlnorcoficM&idit 
betwe^  the  parties. 

The  respondent  produced  all 
Mr,  Raid's  letters  that  had  beea 
preserved  by  her,  amounting  in 
number  to  about  %Q0. 

Two  witnesses  were  qamined, 
and  thereupon  this  interlocutor,  or 
sentence,  was  unanimously  pro- 
nounced by  the  commissioners-^ 
''  The  ccmimissioners  find  the  facts, 
&C.  jpiDved  relevant  to  infer  a 
mamage  betwixt  the  pursuer  and 
defender,  dsA^find  them  kusbamd 
and  fvj^e." 

A  IhII  of  advocation  (a  sort  of 
appeal)  was  hereupon  presented  by 
Mr.  Reid  to  the  court  of  session ; 
and  it  was  at  length  brou|^  to  a 
hearing  before  the  court  of  the 
Second  Division,  the  whole  five 
judges  of  the  inner-house  being 
present.  Four  stated,  that  the 
case  was  attended  with  no^soort  of 
difficulty;  that  some  argum^oi* 
might  be  made,  whether  the  ex- 
presrions  amounted  in  strictness  to 
a  consent  de  prassenii,  or  only  to  a 
promise  of  marriM^ ;  and  that,  if 
the  question  rested  there,  it  mAt, 
perhaps,  be  proper  to  allow  farwer 
discuMon;  but  that  this  was  un- 
necessary, because,  from  the  evi- 
dence, it  was  impossible  to  doubt 
the  fact,  that  matrimonial  int^f* 
course  had  oocunred  between  the 
parties;  and  therdfore  there  was 
here  proof  of  marria^,  oonsti- 
tuted  by  a  promise  oi  marrisfl^ 
copula  tubsequente.  One  ju^^ 
on  this  occasum  stated,  that  he  was 


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not  convinced  conoermng  the  ex* 
tttenoe  of  matrimonial  intereotirse; 
but  the  matter  being  agaki  brought 
before  the  Court  (on  Oi^tion)  <ni 
thepth  of  Septe«ab^  fbUowtng,  1^ 
judgej,  who  had  formerly  dissented 
fVom  the  opinion  of  his  brethren^ 
stated,  that  his  own  c^nniOn  was 
altered,  and  that  he  concurred 
with  the  rest  of  the  court ;  and  on 
the  20th  November,  I8I9,  the 
Court  of  Session  unanimously  con- 
firmed the  interlocutor  o£  the 
commissary  Court,  anid  pronounced 
the  judgment  whidi  was  the  sub* 
ject  of  me  present  appeal. 

On  the  part  ci  Mr.  Reid  it  was 
ccmtended  before  the  House  of 
liords,  as  it  had  been  in  the  courts 
•below,  thatneither  party  considered 
4h6  documents  exchanffed  between 
tham  as  expressive  of  any  thing 
more  than  a  promise  or  intention 
to  marry ;  and  though  Mr.  Reid 
Admitted,  diat  at  some  of  his 
private  meetings  wi^  the  respon* 
<dent,  he  had  taken  some  slight 
4*reed<nnB  with  her,  he  positively 
denied,  that  he  had  ever  had  any 
enWment  of  her  person. 

The  Lord  Chaneellor  was  per- 
fectly dear  that  the  decision  of  the 
Consistory  Court  of  Scotland, 
^hich  had  been  confirmed  by  the 
tourt  of  Session,  was  right.  His 
lordship  then  read  extracts  from 
the  summons  and  from  the  letters, 
to  show  ^t  the  appellant,  if  he 
had  no  intention  of  cohabiting  with 
the  respondent,  could  have  no 
object  at  all  in  ^  his  warm  atten- 
tions and  pnrfessions  towatds  her. 
Upon  the  whole  of  the  case  taken 
toge^er>  he  should  move  th^ 
lordships,  that  the  judgment  be 
affirmed,  and  that  this  man's  wife 
i^ould  have  her  full  costs,  so  far  as 
ibB  standing  orders  of  the  hou^ " 
'Would  allow. 

The  House  decided  accordingly*. 


High  Ccnmr  or  AinmAiTr.' 
The  Dundee.— Jak.  «8. 
In  this  taiBe  an  oljecdcm  wti 
taken  to  the  report  of  the  Be* 
gistrar  and  mert^ants,  upon  t 
reference  directed  by  the  Corat, 
in  req)ect  of  the  loss  and  da- 
mages sustained  by  the  owaen 
of  the  Princesi  CkarlaUe,  a  vend, 
that,  upon  entering  €t»  river,  at 
^e  was  eoming  from'  Soudi 
Shields,  was  run  foul  of  by  the 
Dundee,  Greenland  whaler,  and 
Bunk.  Bail  was  given  to  answer 
an  action  that  had  been  entered 
in  the  sum  of  9,000/1  against  ite 
latter,  "  ship,  tackle,  apparel,  and 
furniture**,  in  the  usnal  f<wm :  bat 
in  the  undertaking  that  was  pm 
to  lead  that  bail  (it  being  of  im- 
portance to  the  owners  of  the 
Dundee  to  have  her  celeasod,  m 
that  she  might  proceed  on  her 
fishing  voyage),  the  word  "1^ 
purtenances"  was  added  to  the 
usual  formula  of  **  tackle,  i^psiri, 
and  lumiture ;"  and  die  Re^stitf 
and  merchants  conddered  them- 
selves in  consequence  bound  to  in- 
clude the  fishing  stores,  whidh  st 
the  time  of  the  accident  were  oa 
board  the  Dundee.  The  value  of 
these  was  very  considerabld ;  an* 
the  owners,  under  the  act  5i  Oeft 
ni.,  which  limits  the  responsftflitf 
of  ship-owners  in  like  cases,  ot 
jected  to  this  port  of  theteport 

Lord  Stow^ll,  in  giving  j^i^ 
ment,  stated  the  origin  and  nattitv 
of  the  suit.  The  accident  did  not 
appear  to  have  arisen  out  of  any 
wilfril  design,  nor,  indeed,  any 
purpose  of  injury  mi  the  part  « 
the  Dundee,  but  rather  out  of  ft 
want  of  that  diligenee  and  'atten- 
tion, which  are  due  tothe  secatitf 
of  other  vessels  navigating  o» 
the  seas.  The  quesdon  of  repft- 
)«tion  in  such  a  case,  was  dif- 
ferently in^Mured  in  the  maritoa* 


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33« 


ISM  of  dilEsiout  oounl^Tiefi;  and 
bad  betn  diSkteatfy  meamrad  hf 
our  own  maritime  law  at  difierent 
periods.  In  England^  the  ancient 
maritime  law  exacted  full  com« 
penaation  out  of  all  the  property 
of  the  owners  on  board  the  ag- 
;  ship,  on  the  common  legal 
By  that  persons  undertakmg 
for  the  conveyance  of  goods,  are 
liable  fbrthe  conduct  of  the  servants 
whom  they  employ,  to  the  parties 
who  may  sufi^  loss  or  damase 
through  their  neglect.  It  ooiud 
hardly  be  denied,  that  the  term 
"  compensation"  would  be  very 
improperly  applied  to  any  thinff 
wluch  should  fall  short  of  a  full  and 
fur  reparation  for  the  injury  done. 
Holland,  however,  first  instituted 
a  law  for  the  protection  of  her  own 
navigation,  sjid  with  the  view  of 
engaging  her  subjects  to  enter  into 
these  commercial  voyages,  by  pro>- 
iridins  that  owners  of  vessels,  which 
should  unintentionally  occasion 
damage  to  others  of  the  same 
nation,  should  not  be  liable  be- 
yond the  value  of  their  ships, 
with  their  freight,  tackle,  apparel* 
and  furniture.  Then  England 
followed  her  example  by  passing 
statutes  which  pix)tected  h^  ship*- 
ownersfrom  rerooosibility  beyond 
the  avigunt  of  the  same  interests; 
first,  in  the  case  of  embesslement 
of  the  cargo,  committed  by  the 
crews  of  such,  vessels;  biA,  8ul>- 
se^pieatly,  in  thexase  <k  embes^d^ 
ment  committed  by  other  persons. 
The  statute  of  the  5drd,  George 
III.,  afforded  the  same  protection 
in  the  case  of  lasses  otherwise 
sustained.  The  first  clause  <^ 
that .  statute,  which  immediately 
bore  \xpon  the  present  question, 
was  the  enacting  clause;  it  sub- 
jected the  ship,  then  the  freight 
(the  freight  already  earned,  as  well 
as  the  fr^ht  that  might  be  con- 
Voh.  LXV. 


tracted  for),  and  then  her  tackltfi 
smarel,  and  furniture,  to  this 
liability.  These  were  the  oriy 
subjects  which  the  enacting  clause 
directly,  and  in  terms,  operated 
upon:  but  almost  all  of  the  follow- 
ing clauses,  and  particularly  the  7th 
and  8th,  did  introduce  the  word 
'^  appurtenances."  The  word  re- 
peatedly occurred  in  subsequent 
parts  of  the  statute :  and  the  7th 
clause  expressly  provided,  "  that 
where  the  suit  is  brought  on  ac- 
count of  damage  done,  a  valuation 
shall  be  first  duly  made  of  the  ship 
and  *  appurtenances'."  The  same 
terminotherpassages  of  thestatute 
appeared  to  be,  if  the  court  mi^t 
so  express  itself ,  a  sort  of  short- 
hand way  of  describing  what 
might  properly  be  consi£red  as 
''appurtenanc^'  of  the  ship.  It 
was  not  to  be  supposed,  that  the 
foresoing  clauses  had  introduced  a 
word  merely  inoperative,  or  in- 
tended to  have  no  meaning  at  alL 
Now  it  could  haYe  no  effective 
meaning,  imless  it  were  considered 
to  be  virtually  incorporated  into  the 
first  dause.  If  not  so  incorpo- 
rated, then  the  enacting  clause 
was  in  contradiction  to  the  sub- 
sequent clauses,  in  which  it  was 
mentioned-  The  ''appurtenances^ 
of  a  ship  could  not  be  considered  ai 
intending  her  cargo ;  for  cargo  was 
that  which  was  ineant  to  m  dis- 
posed of  at  some  foreign  port, 
.  either  for  money  or  money  s  worth. 
The  connesnon  of  the  cargo  with 
the  ship  was  ttetely  transitary, 
and  bore  a  distinct  character  of  its 
own.  On  the  present  occasion, 
.these  were  appurtenances  evidently 
necessary  and  essential  to  the  ship 
in  the  peribrmance  of  the  func- 
tions that  she  was  destined  to  dis- 
charge; and  herein  essentially 
.different  from  cargo,  although  they 
were  not  constituent  parts  of  the 


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34*      ANNUAL  UEGISTBR,   1823. 


ship :  for  ff  4xmitihient  parU^  then 
ihej  were  not  appurtenances;  it 
being  the  very  definition  of  "  ap« 
purtenances/'  that  they  were 
things  "  belonging  to"  another 
things  not  forming  part  of  iu 
Yet,  if  they  were  so  essentially 
necessary  to  a  ship,  as  that  she 
could  not  without  them  perform 
her  functions,  they  might  under  a 
loose  definition  of  the  word  ^'ship" 
be  included,  being  those  matters 
which  were  as  essential  to  that 
ship  as  any  part  of  its  machinery* 
In  the  present  instance,  the 
appurtenances  consisted  of  fishing 
stores ;  and  these  had  been  valuec^ 
by  the  merchants  at  Uoyd's,  at 
2,S36/.,  the  ship  being  valued  at 
^fiSSL  The  owners  of  the  ship 
contended,  that  the  fishing  stores 
were  exempted  from  all  liability  to 
contribute,  first,  by  reason  of  the 
way  in  which  this  suit  had  com- 
menced— by  the  arrest  of  the 
vessel,  her  tackle,  apparel,  and 
furniture,  without  mention  of  her 
fishing  stores;  and  secondly,  be- 
cause fishing  stores  could  not  be 
considered  as  ^'furniture,"  ina»« 
much  as  it  had  been  determined* 
in  a  case  tried  in  a  common  law 
Court,  that  they  were  not  to  be 
so  accounted.  It  was  held  by 
lord  Mansfield,  that  the  question, 
as  to  whether  fishing  stores  were 
covercjd  by  the  policy  of  insurance 
on  a  Sou^  Sea  whaler,  including, 
M  usual,  her  boats,  tackle,  &o. 
must  depend  on  the  usaoe  of  the 
trade.  On  the  first  trud,  ajury 
found  that  fishing  stores  were 
part  of  the  furniture;  but  very 
contradictory  evidence  having  been 
adduced,  the  case  went  to  another 
jury ;  the  former  verdict  was  re- 
vened,  and  they  found  that,  in 
truth,  the  usace  lay  on  the  other 
side.  His  lorcUhqi  dien  observed, 
that  he  was  not  aware,  whether 
this  rule,   although  it  had  been 


considered  on  the  ^ii|^iegt  authority 
applicable  to  the  case  of  a  peHcy 
<^  insurance,  was  of  somdent 
weiffht  to  govern  the  constnictioa 
of  me  same  word  in  an  act  of 
Parliament,  or  in  the  {^usaaecdogy 
of  a  court,  where  that  oonatnictiaii 
was  rather,  perhaps,  to  be  o^ 
lected  from  the  origisal  and 
genuine  meaning  of  the  word,  than 
&om  any  particular  or  limited 
usage  controlling  that  meanii^ 
It  was  admitted,  that  the  mode^ 
whidi  had  been  adopted  in  the 
present  instance,  was  the  ancient 
formulary  for  instituting  a  suit  in 
this  Court,  that  suit  leading  to  a 
full  restitution  of  the  pruuerty  be- 
longing to  the  aggpnevea  owner. 
The  statute  of  the  last  reign  had 
certainly  imposed  a  very  ezpress 
restriction  upon  the  reiponsibilily 
of  the.  other  parties;  but  tha 
Court  could  not  carry  that  le- 
striction  any  fardier  than  the 
languM;e  of  the  act  would  wanwt 
it  in  £ing.  Complaint  had  been 
made,  that  the  w(»d  ''  appai^ 
tenances"  had  slipped  into  tiie 
undertaking  for  the  bail ;  but  that 
could  not  have  happened  without 
the  parties  being  aware  of  it,  in- 
asmuch as  it  was  a  finmal,  a  i»- 
gular,  and  a  statutable  wend:  and 
ue  Court  surmised,  that,  at  the 
time  of  giving  the  undertaking 
both  parties  must  have  been  awaie 
of  its  introduction,  and  have  oso- 
curred  in  tha  intendoo  ^at  it 
should  include  the  stores  ia 
question,  the  reservation  beii^ 
only  for  the  Court's  opinion  as  to 
their  HabOity.  .  The  Court  wai 
now  of  opinion,  that  die  woid 
'^  appurtenances"  was  no  intruder; 
and  on  the  question  as  to  whether 
the  fishinff  stores  would  be  in- 
dudod  in  it,  the  Court  held  diat 
they  would. 

The  Court  therefove  oaoSmd 
the  report. 


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3&* 


Totbt  of  Common  PtsA8> 
Dublin. 

Cuthbert  v.  Browne. 

This  was  an  action  on  the  case 
for  deceit  The  declaration  stated^ 
llmt,  the  plaintiff  being  unmarried^ 
the  defendant^  on  the  20th  of  Marchj 
1 820,  intending  to  deceive  him,  did 
represent  Hannah  Darling  to  him 
as  being  a  chaste,  virtuous,  and 
well-conducted  maiden;  that,  in 
(xmsequence  of  such  representation, 
the  plaintiff,  on  the  20th  of  April, 
1820,  married  the  said  Hannah 
Darling;  that  the  defendant  then 
knew,  that  the  said  Hannah  Dar- 
was  not  a  chaste,  virtuous, 
well-conducted  maiden,  but, 
om  the  contrary,  had  been  de- 
bouched and  defiled  by  himself; 
snd  that  in  six  months  and  three 
dajSf  after  the  marnage,  die  was 
Aeiivered  of  a  child.  There  wasan^i 
other  count,  which  stated,  that  the 
defen&nt  encouraged  thejolaintiff 
to  marry  the  said  Hannah  Darlings 
and  represented  her  to  him  as  be- 
ing a  chaste,  virtuous,  and  well* 
conducted  maiden;  whereas  she 
was  not  diaste,  virtuous,  or  weU- 
oonducted,  but,  on  the  contrary, 
had  been  debauched  and  defiled. 
The  dami^  were  laid  at  2,000/L 
Mr.  CyConnell  stated  the  case 
on  the  part  of  the  plaintiff.  The 
parties,  said  he,  are  brothers-in  law; 
the  wife  of  the  plaintiff  is  the  sister- 
in-law  of  the  defendant.  The  de- 
fendant has  eight  or  ten  children  by 
the  one  sister,  and  at  least  one  l^ 
the  other;  he  holds  a  lucrative  em- 
ployment on  the  coast  of  Widdow, 
and,  by  the  seizure  of  smuggled 
tobacco,  has  realised  somethingcon- 
sideraUe.  The  plaintiff  is  a  fiaur- 
mer,  and  lives  at  Bray,  in  the 
county  of  Wicklow;  Archibald 
Browne,  a  brother  of  the  defend- 
ant, had  married  a  sister  c^  the 


j^iitaff's  in  the  year  1816,  and 
thus  an  intimacy  commenced  be* 
tweeh  the  parties.  The  |daintif^ 
in  consequence,  became  acquainted 
with  Hannah  Darling;  the  defend- 
ant's  wife's  sister.  Her  mother, 
who  had  married  a  Mr.  Darlinff- 
ton,  gave  encouragement  to  the  ad- 
dresses of  the  plaintiff  to  her 
daughter,  and  in  the  year  1817 
every  thkig  was  arranged  for  their 
marriage.  At  that  period,  how«* 
ever,  tiie  defendant  caused  the 
marriage  to  be  broken  off.  This, 
produced  a  coolness  between  them, 
which  continued  for  two  or  three 
years,  until  1820;  when  the  de- 
fendsmt  appeared  to  be  anxious  for 
the  marriage  to  take  place.  He 
met  the  pbintiff  one  evening  in 
the  town  of  Bray,  and  addressing 
him  abruptly,  said,  "  Your  sister  is 
married  to  my  brother;  why  will 
you  not  give  me  your  hand?  Ton 
think  it  was  I  that  broke  off  your 
marriage,  but  you  are  mistaken ;  1 
am  your  fnend;  she  is  at  my 
house,  and  a  better  girl  never 
breathed;  give  me  ytmr  hand— • 
come  home  with  me  and  you  shall 
see  her."  The  plaintiff,  trusting 
in  the  sincerity  of  this  hmgnage^ 
gave  the  defendant  his  hand,  imd 
went  home  with  him ;  he,  however, 
did  not  see  her  on  this  occasion,  as 
the  defendant  said  that  he  read* 
lecfted  ^e  was  then  in  Dublin,  but 
would  be  there  ft  a  day  or  two. 
He  represented  to  him,  that  there 
was  a  romantic  cottage,  which  be- 
longed to  Mrs.  Danington,  and 
whidi  would  just  suit  hiin  (the 
plaintiff)  and  Hannah.  The  de- 
fendant added,  that  he  had  made 
such  seizures  of  tobacco,  that  he 
was  about  to  add  two  men  to  his 
barge,  and  that  he  would  appoint 
the  plaintiff  as  one,  with  a  ralary 
of  40L  a  year,  and  allow  him  l-6th 
of  all  future  seizures.  Harniah 
•C2 


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86*      ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1823. 


appeared  afterwards;  she  tdd  the 
vtaintiff,  that  it  was  Archibald 
Browne  who  had  broken  off  the 
marriage^  and  not  John.  Every 
tbine  was  now  settled  for  the 
marriage,  which  accordingly  took 
place. 

William    Cuthbert.  —  Witness 
knows  the  defendant  in  this  acticm ; 
knows  the  young  lady;    the  de- 
fendant's wife  and  witness's  bro- 
ther's wife  are  sisters;   reocJlects 
the  marriage  of  his  brother  with 
Hannah  Darling;  a  child  was  bom 
in  six  months  after  the  marriajge ; 
saw  the  defendant  after  the  birth 
of  that  child;  he  sodd  to  witness, 
**^  Oh !  William,  is  not  this  a  horrid 
thing  that  has  be&Uen  me?  I  would 
not  wonder  if  hell  and  destruction 
would  open  and  swallow  me  up." 
Witness  told  him  to  pray  to  God 
to  \eeo  him  from  temptation ;  the 
defendant  said,  that  he  could  not 
go  to  church  or  receive  the  sacra- 
ment, since  he  had  committed  the 
facts ;  the  defendant  said,  that  he 
would  give  fifty  pounds  a  piece  to 
two  doctors,   to  make  the   child 
come  in  under  age,  and  that  he 
would  then  easily  settle  it  with  the 
plaintiff;   he  said,  the  plaintiff*s 
wife  were  a  defraud  on  him,  and 
that  he  (the  defendant)  would  take 
her  home;   witness  nid,  ''How 
can  you  take  another  man's  wife  ?" 
He  replied  that  he  would  bring 
her  home,  and  let  his  wife  do  as 
well  as  she  could  with  her ;  he  also 
said,  that  he  was  sorry  the  law  of 
the  land  would  not  allow  him  to 
live  with  both  sisters;  defendant 
told  witness,  that,  if  he  would  in- 
terfere to  settle  the  business,  he 
would  give  six  or  seven  eovem- 
ment  debentures  to  plaintiff  and 
witness;    witness   said,    that    he 
would  not  interfere;  it  was  too 
serious  a  business  for  him  to  enter 
into ;  the  defendant  hdds  a  situa- 


tion under  the  ffovemment,  in  the 
revenue;  he  is  coast-officer  it 
Bray ;  he  appears  to  live  in  a  very 
comfortable  manner. 

Here  the  case  closed  on  the  part 
of  the  plaintiff. 

Mr.  WaUace  then  addressed  ^ 
jury  for  the  defendant. 

The  jury  found  a  vCTdict  for  the 
plaintiff— 800/.  damages 


Aylesbury. 

Murder. — March  4. 

Thomas  RandaU  and  James 
Croker,  being  arrai^ed  for  the 
murder  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Needle, 
Randall  pleaded  Not  Guil^,  but 
Croker  pleaded  Guilty.  His  lord- 
^p  endeavoured  to  persuade  the 
latter  to  withdraw  that  plea:  hot 
the  qilestbn  being  apain  put,  the 
same  plea  was  persisted  in,  and 
recorded  by  the  Court. 

Charles  Whitehall  stated  thai 
he  passed  through  the  Western 
turnpike-gate,  between  9  and  10 
o'dock  on  Tuesday  night,  No- 
vember 19th;  saw  Edward  Needle, 
who  was  then  alive,  and  appa* 
rently  welL 

James  Wyatt,  a  coachman,  on 
Wednesday  morning  the  20th  of 
November,  drove  up  to  the 
Weston  gate  at  a  quarter  past  sbc 
In  consequence  of  some  infor- 
mation being  ^ven  to  him  by  a 
youth,  who  stood  at  the  door  of 
the  toll-house,  he  got  down  and 
wen^  in ;  the  door  opened  into  the 
sitting-room ;  on  going  into  ano* 
ther  room  to  the  lat  hand,  he  saw 
Mrs.  Needle  lying  on  her  back, 
with  her  clothes  on ;  her  feet  lay 
towards  the  door,  and  her  head 
towards  the  bed;  her  husband 
was  in  bed  with  a  sheet  thrown 
over  him;  his  arm  was  raised, 
and   he  grasped  the  sheet  in  his 


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Iiaiid;  both  were  dead^  quite  cold 
md  stiff* 

Mr.  W.  riaywaidy  sui^geon  of 
Aylesbury,  examined  the  bodies: 
Needle  lay  on  his  left  side  in  bed, 
undressed :  he  found  a  fracture  on 
the  right  side  of  the  skuU,  and  a 
i¥Ound  over  his  right  eye,  about 
one  inch  in  length,  and  half  an 
inch  in  depth ;  ike  right  ear  was 
much  lacerated  and  torn,  appa- 
rently by  hard  blows ;  there  was 
a  lacerated  wound  on  the  back  of 
the  left  hand,  which  was  raised 
orer  the  right  eye,  as  if  to  mo- 
lect  the  head  from  blows.  The 
instrument,  with  which  it  was 
done,  must  have  been  flat  or  blunt. 

Joseph  Hill,  went  to  the  toll- 
house about  a  quarter  past  seven 
o'clock.  On  entering,  he  saw  a 
bludffeon  lying  about  the  middle 
of  the  house:  on  searching,  he 
found  another  underneath  the  bed, 
which  was  covered  with  blood. 
It  appeared  almost  broken  in  the 
middle,  doubtless  by  the  blows  it 
had  struck — ^the  blood  on  it  was 
wet  and  quite  fresh. 

Blary  Todd  deposed,  that  she 
keeps  a  lodging-lMuse  on  Walton- 
sreen,  Aylesbwy.  The  prisoner 
had  lodged  at  her  house,  and  he 
brought  his  wife  with  him  on 
the  Saturday  preceding  the  mtu*- 
dor^  beine  committM.  After 
having  refreshed  himself,  he  went 
.away,  and  did  not  return  till  the 
foDowinff  morning :  his  wife  slept 
at  her  house  during  the  nieht 
Prisoner  returned  next  monung, 
and  stayed  all  day  at  her  house. 
Croker  came  there  in  the  afternoon 
of  Sunday ;  all  three  slept  at  her 
house  on  Sunday  night  Having 
breakfasted  on  Monday  momii^ 
Randall  and  Cn^er  said  they  wouQ 
take  a  walk ;  returned  at  half-past 
four  in  the  afternoon;  they  had 
their  supper  and  went  to  bed;  saw 


them  all  next  morning  (Tuesday) ; 
they  left  it  about  nine  o'clock, 
and  she  had  not  seen  them  froift 
that  time  to  this.  The  toll-house 
is  about  two  miles  from  Walton- 
green. 

Charles  Finch  stated,  that  he 
was  at  work  on  the  turnpike- 
road  between  Aylesbury  and  Aston 
Clinton,  on  Monday,  the  18th  of 
November.  Elisha  Thorn  was 
also  at  work  near  him,  on  the 
same  day.  About  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  on  the  Aylesbury  side  of  Wes- 
ton gate,  saw  the  two  prisoners  pass 
about  half-past  ten  in  the  morning 
of  that  day;  he  saw  them  again 
between  four  and  Ave  o'clock  the 
same  day,  on  the  Aston  side  of 
the  gate,  on  their  way  for  Tring; 
was  at  work  next  morning  (Tues- 
day) on  the  road;  the  two  pri- 
soners passed  him  near  Aston,  in 
company  with  a  woman :  Randall 
wore  a  light  drab  doth  coat,  and 
worsted  cord  breeches;  had  on  a 
pair  of  laced-up  shoes,  and  carried 
a  bundle  under  his  arm ;  saw  them 
when  in  custody;  Randall  had 
chanced  his  coat,  and  had  it  thrown 
over  his  dioulders. 

Elisha  Thorn  was  at  work  on 
the  road  at  the  time  stated  by  last 
witness ;  saw  the  prisoners  pass  at 
the  times  stated  by  him ;  saw  them 
pass  on  the  road  about  a  mon^ 
before  the  murder;  saw  them  pass 
about  aibrtnight  before  the  muider, 
and  was  sure  the  prisoners  were  the 
same  men ;  saw  them  pass  the  toll- 
house again  on  the  Monday  pre- 
vious to  the  murder;  they  were 
together  every  time;  saw  them 
on  one  occasion  turn  into  a  field 
leading  to  the  back  of  the  toll- 
house; he  and  last  witness  made 
observations  about  the  prisoners  at 
the  time  to  each  other. 

Francis  Cooke  keeps  a  lodginff^ 
house  at  Berkhampstead ;  Rimdd 


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38»       ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1823. 


and  a  female  came  to  his  house  on 
the  Tuesday  preceding  the  mur- 
der,  and  inquired  for  a  bed ;  this 
was  about  half-past  two  o'dock; 
they  had  tea,  after  which  Randall 
asked  him  what  the  bed  would  be^ 
and  said  he  would  pay  him  for  it> 
thoueh  he  should  not  sleep  there ; 
he  theti  went  away,  and  said  he 
must  ep  meet  his  partner,  whom 
he  had  left  lame  on  the  road,  the 
female  remained  there.  Next 
morning,  about  seven  o'clock, 
RandalTcame  in ;  the  woman  had 
lUst  come  down  stairs :  he  asked 
er  if  she  was  ready,  (or  Jem,  his 
brother-in-law  (meaning  Qoker), 
was  gone  on  to  Huntonbridge ; 
they  would  follow  him,  and  br^- 
faston  the  road. 

Mary  Tomkini^  the  landlady  of 
the  Green  Man  public-house  at 
Trinff,  recoUected  that  on  Tues- 
day the  19th  of  November,  Croker 
came  to  her  house  between  10  and 
1 1  o'clock,  and  asked  her  for  half 
a  pint  of  beer;  soon  after  Randall 
and  the  female  came  in.  After 
refreshins  themselves,  Randall  and 
the  femiue  went  away;  Randall 
said,  he  should  leave  Croker  till  he 
returned.  He  came  back  by  him- 
idf  about  five  o'clock,  joined 
Croker,  and  stayed  at  her  house, 
until  half-past  eight  in  the  even- 
ing; they  had  Inread  and  cheese, 
Bna  one  of  them  said,  ''it  is  a 
quarter  past;  half-past  eight  is 
our  time,  and  that  will  be  soon 
enough." 

Thomas  Monk  saw  the  prisoners 
leave  the  Green  Man,  at  Trme, 
on  Tuesday  night,  about  haff- 
past  eight,  and  proceed  on  the  road 
to  Aylesbury ;  one  of  them  walked 
rather  lame. 

T.  Wyatt  saw  the  two  prisoners 
on  Weiiesday  morning,  the  20th 
of  November,  about  two  o'clock, 
walking  very  fiwt,  about  a  quarter 


of  a  mile  from 
towards  Berkhampstead ; 
was  first,  and  Croker  wis  a  short 
distance  behind  walking  kme,  and 
appeared  fatigued.  RandsD  earned 
a  bundle. 

William  Martin  went  in  coBi- 
pany  widi  Mr.  Chrk,  both  cod- 
stables  of  Tring,  to  Berlhamp' 
stead,  in  pursuit  of  the  prisoners,  on 
'  ^e  alarm  of  murder  being  spread; 
got  information,  and  followed 
ttiem  to  Gaddesdon ;  took  RanM 
in  custody  at  the  Bridgewater 
Arms,  and  found  on  his  peisoiii 
some  silver  and  half-pence,  apiece 
of  candle,  matdies,  large  dssp* 
knife,  &c«  he  had  two  bundles  in 
his  possession,  also  a  pair  of  sboes. 
His  coat  and  handkerchief  were 
bloody  in  several  places ;  thenoib 
had  been  defaced,  but  they  ^ 
peared  at  that  time  very  ^^^ 
LThe  coat  and  handkerch^  wcie 
produced  and  examined  hy  the 
Jury ;  the  stains  of  blood  wett 
still  very  evident.] 

Rev.  Mr.  Horseman  exfinined 
Randall  the  day  he  was  ^pi^ 
bended,  when  he  made  a  statement 
(produced  and  read),  and,  on  die 
following  day  being  re-exanrined, 
he  made  another,  contradicting  ^ 
first,  and  said  he  was  an  innocent 
man;  that  he  had  work^  ^ 
Leicester  as  a  shoemaker,  nnd  w» 
then  tramping  Uie  country  ft* 
WOTk;  and  that  he  had  never  sett 
Croker  till  that  day,  when  he  met 
him  at  a  canal  bridge  betweeo 
Gaddesdon  and  Bo^bampstead. 

Martha  Bamade  (Aepriwnff'* 
^eompanion)  deposed,  that  she  w«» 
travelling  the  country  in  Note*- 
her  last,  with  cottons  and  laces  ftf 
sale ;  she  belonged  to  Cubbing*** 
in  Warwickshue;  is  a  anpc 
woman.  First  saw  the  prisoner* 
at  Foster's  Booth,  near  Towce^* 
Northamptonsliiie.    RandtUaAed 


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8«» 


hat,  if  she  wonU  tzavd  with  him, 
and  .when  he  got  to  London/  he 
wcmld  many  her.  The  following 
morning,  they  journeyed  to  Buek- 
inj^iam,  and  she  slept  at  that  pkee 
with  Randall;  Croher  was  with 
them;  the  next  day  they  pirooeeied 
to  Ayleshury;  but  Croker  stayed 
ata  puhlic-house  between  the  two 
last-mentioned  towns.  Rimilftll 
took  her  to  Todd's  lodging>house^ 
when  he  left  her  there>*  saying  he 
must  go  and  seek  his  partner ;  he 
did  not  return  to  the  lodnng- 
house  till  nez^moming  (Sunday); 
Cniker  and  Randall  mesa  came  to- 
cether;  stayed  all  day,  and  sl^ 
mere  at  nicht.  On  Monday 
mominff,  Croker  said  be  was  ffoing 
to  Oz^rd;  witness  be^^^ed  (rf 
Randall  not  to  go  with  him,  for 
she  did  not  like  bis  ways;  they 
went  to  the  door  and  conversed 
aecretly.  Randall  said^  be  was 
going  to  Tring  to  sell  a  great  coat; 
they  letumed  together  about  five 
f/ciock,  with  some  pork  steaks; 
RandaH  showed  her  four  gowns, 
and  said  he  had  found  them  be- 
tween Tring  and  Aylesbury; 
all  slqpt  at  Todd's  that  nights 
Randall  slept  with  witness,  and 
told  her  he  knew  of  a  girl  who 
had  a  hundred  pounds,  who  was 
in  love  with  him,  aadwanted  to  run 
away  with  lmn^^^«he  had  packed 
up  her  clothes,  and  all  was  ready ; 
witness  said,  why  did  you  not  britig 
her  with  you?  Randall  said,  he 
did  not  love  her,  but  he  knew  the 
iionse,  and  he  and  Jem  would  try 
if  th^  could  not  get  the  money 
withmit  her;  witness  begged  oi 
him  not  to  gf),  but  he  persisted  in 
it.  Croker  went  by  the  name  of 
James.  Next  morning  (Tuesday), 
they  all  set  out  for  Bemhamptead ; 
on  the  road  between  Aylesbury 
and  Tring,  Croker  sat  down  and 
his  pqie;  Randall  went 


overa  hedge  and' fetched  abgoadlif 
of  leather,  which  had  been  hidden 
there.  They  then  went  to  the 
Grfeen  Man,  at  Tring;  Croker 
went  first,  and  witi^ess  and  Randall 
followed  They  had  some  refresh- 
ment, and  left  Croker  there,  whUe 
Randall  went  on  widi  her  to  Berk- 
hampstead ;  he  took  her  to  Cooke's 
lodging-Jiouse,  and  went  away; 
came  to  her  again  next  morning, 
and  was  very  wet ;  witness  asked 
him  to  have  breakfast;  he  said 
*'  No,  James  is  at  the  canal  bridge, 
and  we  will  all  breakfast  together 
on  the  way;"  she  asnin  pressed 
him  to  stay  to  brealdast,  but  he 
would  not ;  witness  got  her  things 
ready  and  went  with  him ;  when 
she  found  they  were  not  going 
direct  for  London,  she  asked  the 
reason,  and  was  tpld  by  Randall 
they  could  not,  for  they  had  bundles 
concealed  near  Berkhampstead, 
which  they  intended  to  fetch  at 
nieht;  she  then  askedhim  ''if  they 
hm  gotten  the  hundred  pounds  ?" 
He  said  ''  No,  we  have  had  a  veiy 
bad  night  of  it;  but  we  have 
enough  to  take  us  to  London.'' 
They  met  Croker  on  the  canai 
bridge,  near  Mill-house;  they 
then  went  on  together  to  loid 
Bridgewater's  lodge;  they  stayed 
there  a  short  time  under  the  shed ; 
sat  down  and  had  some  bread  and 
butter;  Croker  produced  a  pair  ef 
shoes,  and  tola  Randall  to  put 
them  on,  as  his  were  bad-^they 
would  fit  him ;  Randall  did  not  put 
them  on  thefe.  They  proceeded 
on  to  Gaddesdon.  Witness  had 
not  oonvecaed  mudi  with  Cioker ; 
she  saw  the  shoes  on  the  form  at 
tiie  inn  atGaddesdon.  [^The  artidies 
found  on  the  prisoners  were  pro* 
duoed.l 

Wimam  Woods  identified  the 
shoes;  said,  he  knew  Edward 
Needle  for   iq[iwards   of  twenty 


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40*      ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1823. 


jrean;  bad  oompared  nailst  fimnd 
in  Needle's  lunise  with  those  in  his 
shoes;  thaj conesponded.  Healso 
identLBed  a  pair  of  gloreS}  hy  the 
one  for  the  n^t  hand>  being  rery 
much  worn  with  the  stick  which 
Needle  always  carried  when  walk- 
ing. A  pistol  he  positively  swore  to^ 
as  Qe  had  taken  a  piece  c^  the  end 
of  the  barrel  for  him  with  a  file ; 
the  marks  of  the  file  were  still 
upon  it.  Several  articles  of 
wearing  iqiparel  were  also  posi* 
lively  sworn  to  by  the  witness. 

The  Jury  immediately  returned 
a  verdict  of  GuUty. 

The  JuDOK  then  passed  sentence 
of  death  upon  them. 


Court  of  Kino's  Bsnch, 
Guildhall. 

Sharv  v.  WiOiams, — Junb  20. 

This  action  was  brouffht  to 
recover  damages  ibr  the  seduction 
of  the  plaintiff's  daughter.  The 
damages  were  laid  at  SOOl. 

Mr.  C.  Phillips  stated  the  case. 
The  plaintiff  re«ded  near  Green- 
wich ;  he  was  a  man  who  had  re- 
tired from  the  bustleof  life,  to  live 
on  the  little  savings  of  his  industry, 
and  on  the  rents  of  a  few  houses 
bekmgiiig  to  himself  or  to  his 
children.  The  defendant  was  the 
son  of  an  opulent  sentleman  in  the 
neighbourhood,  who  carried  on  ejL- 
jkensive  business  as  a  tanner^  and 
ke^thiscarriafle.  In  early  life,  the 
libantafi^s  dau^ter  and  the  defend- 
•Qt  were  sent  to  the  same  school, 
where  diey  became  acquainted; 
but  tb^  di^aiit^  of  their  situations 
fuq[)ended  theur  intercourse  un- 
til 181^.  At  this  time  she  carried 
on  Uie  trade  of  a  dressmaker,  and 
applied  her  earnings  to  Uie  support 
(Ot  her  parents.  In  the  August  of 
#8}ft  die  defeodai^t  mel  h«r;  he 


le- 


watched  her  steps;  at  first  die  la* 
pelled  him  with  anger;  but  he 
continued  for  l6  months  to  perse- 
cute her  with  importunities,  till  at 
lengthy  overcome  by  hoUow  vows 
and  perfidious  promises,  she  was 
brought  to  shame  and  degradatiflsu 
The    intercourse    continued;     in 
1820,  its  consequences  became  visi- 
ble, and,  in  the  November  of  that 
year  she  was  delivered  of  a  child. 
Her  parents  saw,  at  once,  that  it 
was  ndiculous  to  look  (xx  the  fiil- 
filment  of  the  offer  which  had  led 
herastray;  and  they  wrote  a  letter 
to   the   father  of  the  ^^ft^n^^^^^ 
claiming    remuneration,   but 
ceived  no  answer.     ^Vliat 
did  the  defendant  then  pursue?  be 
practised  on  the  wealmess  of  his 
victim  to  allow  a  renewal  of  die 
intercourse:  but  this  artifice  shooll 
notavailhim.    He  could  not  ple^ 
as  his  e»nise  the  depravity  he  had 
created;  and  he  would  do  nolhxii|^ 
unless  he  eould  show  that  there 
was  any  taint  on  her  chaimcter, 
until  he  himself  blasted  it.    His 
fiunily,  however,  were  active  in 
their  effixrts  to  defSune  her;  thc^ 
accused  her  of  being  a  commoa 
prostitute;  on  which  she  said,  **  If 
you  doubt  me,  I  will  give  yoo 
the  most  sacred  pledge  whidi  ooe 
human  being  can  ^ve  saothcr. 
I  will  attest  my  truth  before  Hea- 
ven— I  will  solemnly  swear  that 
the  child  is  yours  befon  a  na* 
gistcate.*'    She  did  so,  aoC  wilk 
the  desire  of  obtaining  -puoAal 
asastanoe,  for  she  woum  never  i^ 
oeive  a  shilling  of  the  sum  whidk 
her  seducer  was  oompelled  to  de» 
posit,  but  with  the  hope  of  coa-i 
vindng  him  that  die  had  bssa. 
ciiminal  only  for  his  sake.    Per» 
haps  it  mi^t  be  contended  tiat 
she  was  unworthy,  because  ^ 
had  allowed  a  renewal  of  the  ia« 
taroouras;  but.^  qusstidB  sww 


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4V 


not  wbat  she  wn  worth 
if  flbe  were  the  outcast  of  the 
earthy  Uie  lefuae  of  a  hrotiid  and 
ft  eamp^  the  right  of  the  father  to 
damases  would  be  only  heiglrtened 
with  her  shame  and  misery.  She 
was  now  not  of  a  shilling  valne^ 
—she  was  worse  than  valueless — * 
but  this  constituted  the  very  claim 
of  a  heart-broken  parent,  mourning 
ever  the  ruin  of  his  child.  He 
(Mr.  Phillips)  asked  the  jury  to 
give-HMt  present  value^  but  what 
she  was  worth,  when  the  blessed- 
nitm  of  innoeenoe  was  in  her  heart, 
and  its  Uush  on  her  cheek — ^when 
she  was  the  joy  that  sweetened  her 
parent's  care,  and  the  light  that 
gSded  their  declining  days.  Many 
of  the  jury  had,  no  doubt,  dau^ 
ten,  whom  they  had  nursed  in  m- 
fancy — ^whom  ihej  had  grieved  for 
in  sickneBS— whmn  they  had  re* 
joioed  over  in  health-^over  the  vi- 
cinti^es  of  whose  infimcv  they 
had  watched  with  painful  pleasure 
•—who  were  the  di^  li^t  of  their 
^es,  and  the  bleasings  of  their 
hearts,  and  such  he  hoped  they 
would  continue.  What  damages 
'would  they  diink  sufficient  to  re- 
pay them,  If,  like  the  nlaintiff,  they 
found  the  blossom  of  their  hopes, 
the  fair  flower  they  haid  tended, 
trampled  on  by  the  accursed  ho(^ 
of  ndian  sensuality,  and  soiled  and 
blasted  forever? 

Jane  Shaw,  the  dauriiter  of  the 
piamtiff,  was  then  caUed,  and  ap- 
peared, showily  dreased,  in  the  wit- 
ness bos.  Sb«  was  examined  hy 
Mr.  Paiteson,  and  told  her  story 
with  very  little  embarrassment  in 
the  following  tenns: — I  am  the 
daof^ter  of  the  pluntiff,  who  re- 
jidea  at  Greenvoch;  the  ftmily 
oooaists  of  my  faither,  my  mother, 
and  myself.  I  went  to  school  with 
thedefiendant.  After  I  left  school, 
I  saw  the  defend^  whoseiatlibr 


lives  in  my  neighbourhood,  f(dlowr 
the  business  of  a  tanner,  and  keeps 
a  carriage.  I  was  bound  to  a  dren- 
maker,  and,  in  1818,  lived  with  my 
father,  who  is  a  carpenter.  At 
that  time  I  was  17  years  of  age. 
I  was  in  the  habit  of  going  out 
with  dresses.  In  the  beginmng  of 
Au^st,  1818,  I  renewed  my  ac- 
quamtance  with  the  defendant, 
who  was  a  few  months  older  than 
myself.  As  I  was  going  to  Mr. 
Ledger^s  with  some  woi^,  he  met 
me,  and  asked  me,  where  I  was 
gmng;  I  told  him,  and  he  begged 
to  escort  me,  but  I  replied,  I  want- 
ed none  of  his  company.  I  left  him, 
and  went  in.  Auer  remaining  20 
minutes  or  half  an  hour,  I  came 
out,  and  found  him  waiting.  He 
followed  me,  and  adted  me  ^'  whe- 
ther I  was  engaged  ?"  I  told  him, 
I  did  not  know  what  he  meant; 
he  asked  if  I  kept  company  with 
any  one ;  I  told  him,  I  did  not  un- 
derstand his  meaninff.  He  adted, 
if  he  should  see  me  Uie  next  even- 
ing; I  told  him,  I  did  not  desire  to 
make  any  appointment,  and  wished 
him  good  evening.  A  few  even- 
ings after,  I  saw  him  aflsin,  as  I 
was  going  to  the  same  pfitce.  He 
again  proposed  to  waDc  with  me, 
but  I  told  him,  I  did  not  wish  to 
have  him  following  me.  He  asked 
me,  if  I  would  take  a  walk ;  I  said 
no,  I  was  goine  about  my  business, 
and  wish^  him  to  go  about  his. 
He  repeated  his  question  about 
keeping  company ;  I  told  him,  I 
did  not  know  what  he  meant ;  I 
was  too  young.  About  January 
or  February,  1819, 1  yielded  to  his 
vrishes*  In  the  mean  time  I  saw 
him  often :  he  tM  me  he  was  pos- 
sessed (^  19,000(.in  hisown  right, 
and  repeated  the  assertion  several 
times.  He  told  me,  he  would  mar* 
17  me  when  he  came  of  afle. 
Mr.  Brouc^UMn  objected  to  any 


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evidence  of  a  piomiBe  of  marriafley 
whidi  might  be  the  ground  of  a 
distinct  actum. 

Mr.  Justice   Best  thousht  the 
evidence  mi^t  be  admitted  and 
.  Mr.  Bzoi^iam  said,  his  friend 
was  wekxmie  toask  what  he  pleased 
dn  the  subject. 

.  The  witness  proceeded. — ^About 
January,  I8I9,  Uie  defendant,  who 
was  on  horseback,  met  me  in  the 
lime-ldkis  hy  accident,  and  a^ed 
me  to  take  a  walk  with  him.  He 
bcflged  me  to  walk  with  him;  I 
reuMod;  he  said,  he  had  something 
to  saj  to  me;  got  off  his  horse, 
and  made  me  tale  his  arm.  We 
walked  to  Lee-grove;  he  asked 
Bte  to  agree  to  his  wishes,  and 
swore  he  wished  that  he  might 
never  ^iter  the  kingdom  of  1:^ 
ven,  if  he  would  leave  me.  He 
O&red  to  give  this  oath  in  writing; 
I  said  I  would  trust  to  his  honour, 
and  the  connexion  took  place. 
This  intimacy  continued,  and  in 
November,  1820,  I  was  delivered 
of  a  son. 

On  cros»-ezamination  by  Mr. 
Brougham,  the  witness  said— My 
father  is  still  a  carpenter,  and 
works  himsel£  He  kept  a  publie 
bouse  called  the  Rose  and  Crown, 
about  nine  years  ago.  He  went  on 
board  a  ship,  as  seaman  and  car- 
penter, alxnit  6  years  ago.  A 
week  after  his  first  voyage,  nine 
years  ago,  he  gave  up  we  Rose 
and  Crown,  beinemade  a  bankrupt. 
I  am  in  a  small  way  of  business. 
My  shop  is  in  Gieenwich-road, 
where  my  father  and  mother  live. 
I  have  seen  and  conversed  with  one 
of  the  counsel  in  the  cause,  and 
talked  the  matter  over  with  him. 
When  the  defendant  dismounted, 
he  held  the  reins  in  his  hand.  He 
walked  about  with  the  horse  and 
roe.  No  one  held  the  horse  all 
ijm  lime.    I  cannot  say,  if  there 


was  any^snow  on  tbd  gnmnd,  or 
whether  it  was  wet  or  £y,  I  have 
been  to  several  different  pkoes  Willi 
him  en  other  de^  That  m^i  I 
do  not  know  whether  I  was  in  tiia 
middle  of  the  road  at  pathway,  or 
jrhm.  It  was  in  Lee-grofc^ 
^nrough  whidi'the  road  passes  to 
the  church.  The  next  tune  I  met 
him,  his  horse  vraa  witli  him.  I 
dare  say  the  path  was  wide  enoi^ 
to  admit  him.  The  horse  was  al- 
ways with  us,  and  his  bridle  oa 
the  defendant's  arm.  I  don^t  re- 
collect, that  he  ever  adced  me  to 
fide.  He  several  times  told  me,  he 
would  marry  me  whoi  he  caaieef 
age.  I  thought  it  a  great  piBBifl" 
tion— but  did  not  tell  it  to  niiy  £ft- 
ther  or  mother.  I  did  not  b^ve 
him. 

Mr.  Brougham  addressed  the 
iury  for  the  defimdaBt.  Ha 
learned  friend,  towards  tlie  conduh 
sion  of  his  Imlliant  address,  r»- 
quested  them  to  forget  every  wofd 
he  had  uttered— a  request  that  was 
usually  made  with  the  eipectatioo 
that  it  would  be  refosed — and 
which,asu8ually,the  oppositeootm- 
sel  would  gladly  know  was  accept- 
ed. But,  on  this  occasion,  the  con- 
verse was  true -on  bo&  sides.  He 
v&aly  bdieved  Mr.  Philip  wai 
perfectly  sincere^that  he  would 
gladly  think  that  not  one  vestige 
of  his  eloquent  speedi  remained  en 
their  memories;  while  he  (Mr. 
Brougham)  entreated,  for  the  suke 
of  the  justice  (tf  the  cause,  if  not  (or 
their  own  merriment,  that  i^MBf 
would  remember  every  figure  and 
fancy  by  whidb  his  learned  friend 
had  attanpted  to  decorate  this  ex- 
traordinary low  cause;  lor  new 
would  they  find  a  more  amusii^ 
contrast  than  between  liie  state- 
ment and  Uie  proof,  the  flowos 
and  the  facts,  than  on  that  compa- 
rison in  whioh^  begged  them  to 


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indulge.  What  now  had  become 
of  the  retired  tradesmatiy  ^end-* 
ing  in  ({uiet  the  eTening  <^  his 
days;  in  whose  place  appeared  a 
labonring  man^  who  had  been  a 
ieaman  and  a  carpenter,  and  stiD 
worked  at  that  unsentiment^} 
trade?  In  no  province  of  the  di- 
vine art  of  eloquence  was  the  skill 
of  the  orator  more  idiown--^  none 
was  the  skill  of  the  eminent  orator, 
whom  they  had  heard,  more  evinc- 
ed— than  in  the  selection  of  topics, 
which  should  be  pressed  on  the 
attention  of  the  hearers ;  and  ao« 
oordin^y  he  left  out  the  seaman 
(thou^  that  miffht  have  furnished 
some  materials  m  the  hands  of  a 
skilful  artist),— he  left  out  the 
Rose- and  Crown,  though,  being  a 
flower,  the  rose  miffht  have  blomn- 
ed  in  his  periods-^e  left  out  the 
Duke  of  York  public-house,  and 
left  it  to  be  proved,  that  his  client 
and  his  wife  kept  a  gin-^op,  where 
they  drew  by  day  and  snored  by 
night,  while  they  left  the  ''sweet 
blossom  of  their  hopes,"  ''theday- 
Hght  of  theii»  eyes,"  *'  the  joy  of 
tlieir  hearts,"  to  sleep  in  a  house 
fieur  from  them,  where  there  were 
none  but  children.  What  would 
then  who  knew  the  world-— who 
had  travelled  on  the  broad  high- 
way of  life, — hardly,  indeed,  more 
beaten  than  the  road  to  Lea- 
<diurch,  where  the  fair  seducer  was 
taken— say  to  the  story  of  this 
flower  of  the  creation,  after  the 
fladiy  speech  in  which  she  had 
been  painted  to  their  notice?  Here 
was  a  father,  who  allowed  his 
daughter  to  go  through  her  preg- 
nancy ;  and  such  was  his  watchful 
care,  that  his  suspicions  were 
only  awakened  by  the  cry  of  her 
ehild !  Mr.  Phillips  had  appealed  to 
them  as  husbands  and  fathers; 
would  they  as  fathers  have  acted  thus 
^areles^y?  If,  when  one  of  them 


retired  to  solace  hidiself  from  the 
eares  of  the  world,  and  callM  for 
his  bottle  and  pipe,  he  ^KHild  hear 
the  cry  of  a  duld,  and  be  t6M  that 
his  daughter  was  become  a  mother^ 
what,  said  Mr.  Phillips,  would  he 
^y?  He  would  tdl  them:  hef 
would  exclaim—"  MHiat  an  exceft* 
give  ass  have  I  been  to  go  on  for 
months,  and  never  ask  a  question 
on  altered  appearance— never  even 
say,  *  My  dear,  what's  the  matter?* 
—never  discover  the  evil  till  ihi 
fiBdr  flower,  which  has  blossomed  M 
long,  produces  fruit  in  due  season." 
What  was  the  former  character  of 
this  "fair  victim?"  She  pretended 
that  she  was  so  innocent  as  not  to 
know  what  "keeping  company" 
meant— a  phrase,  which  even  an 
earl's  daughter  might  learn  from 
her  maid,  and  which  the  flower  of 
Greenwich  must  have  heard  a 
thousand  times ;  and  yet  she,  who 
was  pure  even  in  heart — who  did 
not  even  know  what  evil  meant— 
who  preserved  an  infantile  purity 
hi  the  years  of  Womanhood— gave 
up  her  priceless  virtue  on  being 
Bsked  for  it — not  in  some  seques- 
tered spot  sacred  to  nymphs  and 
Naiads,  the  creatures  of  a  more 
etherial  world  which  we  read  of 
in  the  poets  and  Mr.  Phillips's 
^eeches,  but  in  the  plain  high*, 
way!  From  this  highway  it  was 
imposdble  to  remove  her:  there 
did  they  meet— the  faithful  horse 
held  on  one  arm  of  the  seducer, 
and  the  "  tender  flower"  hanging 
with  all  her  tendrils  on  the  other. 
Was  not  this  the  conduct  of  one 
of  the  most  abandoned  of  her  sex  ? 
Could  any  believe,  that  up  to  this 
moment  she  was  innocent  even  in 
deed  ?  Oh !  but  (said  Mr.  Phillips) 
she  could  prove  her  tmth— "she 
could  give  the  defendant  the  most 
solemn  pledge  one  human  being 
could  give  another;"  and  when 


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44*       ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1823. 


they  expected  some  awful  abjora- 
tion — that  she  would  take  the  horns 
of  some  storied  altar^  or  produce  a 
bible  to  swear  on — it  turned  out, 
that  this  fine  and  mystic  allusion 
meant  only  that  she  went  and 
swore  the  child  to  the  defendant 
before  a  justice.  In  the  decline 
of  ancient  eloquence,  when  occa- 
sions for  display  were  rare,  it  was 
the  {practice  of  the  Roman  orators 
to  spin  out  subtile  disputations  on 
the  vilest  animal  substance ;  and  it 
was  rq^orted  diat  thus  a  very 
ndendid  haran^e  was  indited  on 
the  subject  of  dirU  Thus  had  Mr. 
Phillips— not  in  the  decline  of  elo- 
quence^ for  his  speech  proved  it  to  be 
flourishing,  but  in  the  absence  of  a 
fit  subject  for  his  powers — taken 
the  course  once  pursued  by  less 
able  speakers,  and  eamishdl  out 
widi  the  ornaments  of  rhetoric  this 
most  dirty  cause.  He  again  asked 
them  to  compare  that  address  with 
the  evidence — to  think  on  the 
conduct  of  this  girl,  and  of  the  pa- 
rents, who  had  waited  for  three 
years  before  they  commenced  pro- . 
ceedings;  and  he  was  assured,  Uiey 
would  either  find  a  verdict  for  the 
defi^ndant,  or,  if  they  thought  they 
must  give  the  plaintiff  something, 
would  tender  him  the  lowest  and 
basest  coin^s3naabol  of  worthless- 
ness  and  impudence-^as  the  re- 
ward of  this  most  frivolous  and 
brazen-fiftced  action. 

Mr.  Justice  Best  commented  on 
the  conduct  of  the  plaintiff's 
daughter,  and  told  the  jury,  that,  if 
they  believed  she  was  as  ready  as 
the  defendant,  and  had  shown  an 
entire  want  of  delicacy  and  feeling, 
ihey  should  give  only  the  smallest 
damages. 

The  jury,  after  consulting  for 
jome  time,  asked  what  ^amBgcB 
would  carry  costs? 

Mr.  Justice  Best  informed  them, 


that  any  damages  would  carry  costs 
in  this  form  of  action. 

The  jury  found  a  verdict  for  the 
j^aintiff—  Damages  40s. 

Croydon. 
Murder, — July  25. 

Phillip  Sioffel  and  Charles  Kep* 
pel,  were  indicted  for  the  murder 
of  Mrs.  Richards,  at  Clapham. 

Jane  Bell,  deposed  as  follows  :-— 
I  lived  with  the  late  Mrs.  Rich- 
ards: on  Tuesday,  the  8th  of 
April,  I  went  out  about  a  quarter 
before  7  o'clock,  and  left  Mrs. 
Richards  at  home;  I  returned 
between  9  and  10 ;  I  did  not  se^ 
her  that  night;  I  saw  her  how- 
ever, the  next  day ;  Mrs.  Ridiards 
was  74  yeara  of  age ;  I  knew  her 
watch  from  often  seeing  it;  it 
usually  hune  by  the  side  of  the 
fire*place;  Mrs.  Richards  and  I 
were  the  only  persons  who  in- 
habited the  house. 

Sophia  Jones. — I  am  a  dress- 
maker at  Clapham ;  I  was  a  neigh- 
boTU*  of  the  late  Mrs:  Richards,  to 
whom  I  went  every  Tuesday  to 
read  the  newspaper.  On  Tuesday, 
the  8th  of  April,  I  went  to  her 
house  a  little  after  8  o'clock;  I 
knocked  at  her  door ;  nobody  came 
to  answer ;  I  then  looked  throuj^ 
the  key-hole,  but  it  was  quite 
dark,  and  I  could  see  nothing;  I 
stayed  a  minute  longer,  and  was 
just  going  away,  when  the  door 
became  open  a  little;  I  then  said, 
"Mrs.  Richards,  it's  I."  Getting 
no  answer,  I  went  into  the  front 
room  in  which  she  usually  sat ;  I 
called  out  again,  "Mrs.  Ridiardsl 
Mrs.  Richaras!"  and  then  I  saw 
her  laid  down  all  her  length.  Not 
receiving  an  answer,  I  went  out  to 
fetch  Airs.  Stratton,  who  lived 
three  doors  off;  I  was  rather  fright- 
ened; I  found  her,  and  went  back 


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45* 


totlieluniM  with  her;  we  taw  a 
poker  under  the  window  on  the 
outside  of  the  house;  we  then 
went  to  her  neighbours,  Mr.  Mil- 
ler and  Mr.  GLazier;  we  entered 
the  parlour  all  together:  as  soon  as 
I  saw  the  body  lying,  I  went  out 
frightened:  I  recollect  her  watch 
himging  up  constantly  in  her  par* 
lour. 

Charles  Millar. — Mrs.  Richards 
came  to  my  house,  and  stayed  about 
half  an  hour,  on  Tuesday,  the  8th 
of  April,  between  seven  and  eight 
o'clock ;  she  went  by  a  back  way 
firom  my  house  to  her  own ;  some 
time  after  Mrs.  Richiff  ds  had  eone, 
Miss  Jones  called  on  me,  and,  in 
consequence  of  what  she  said,  I 
went  to  Mrs.  Richards's  house ;  I 
entered,  and  saw  Mrs.  Richards 
lying  on  her  back  on  the  floor; 
Uiere  was  a  cloth*in  her  mouth, 
which  was  taken  out  by  Mrs.  Strat- 
ton;  it  appeared  to  have  been 
twined  together,  and  forced  into 
lier  mouth ;  there  was  a  mark  of 
blood  upon  it;  Mrs.  Richards  was 
then  dead;  it  could  not  have  been  so 
placed  into hermouth  without  force. 

Joseph  Rippon. — I  am  a  surgeon 
at  Clapham.  On  Tuesday,  the 
6ih  of  April,  I  was  at  half-past  8 
o'clock  in  the  house  of  Mrs.  i^h- 
aids.  I  found  her  quite  dead,  and 
without  any  sensation.  There  was 
no  pulsation  of  the  heart,  no  con- 
traction of  the  pupQ  of  the  eyes, 
and  her  arms  were  moist  and  cold. 
I  did  not  discover  any  marks  upon 
lier  fenon,  till  Mrs.  Stratum  rooke 
tome.  Mrs.  Stratton  said,  ^'Iliis 
apron  I  pulled  out  of  her  mouth." 
I  looked  at  it,  and  saw  a  great  deal 
of  saliva  and  a  little  bloM  upon  it. 
The  apron,  when  thrust  into  the 
moudi  of  Mrs.  Richards,  would 
occasion  suffocation.  I  looked  at 
her  mouth.  I  saw  that  a  tooth 
•had  been  forced  out  by  something 


thrust  into  it.  I  then  examined 
her  face  and  dun;  there  was  a 
mark  on  the  right  side  of  her 
throat;  the  skin  was  slightly 
raised ;  there  was  a  similar  mark 
on  her  nose;  it  appeared,  as  if  a 
thumb  and  the  finger  of  a  hand  had 
been  placed  there,  and  had  occa- 
sioned them.  From  these  circum- 
stances I  concluded,  that  she  had 
come  to  her  death  by  this  apron 
having  been  violently  thrust  into 
her  mouth  and  throat. 

Thomas  Scott,  the  accomplice.— 
I  know  both  the  prisoners  at  the 
bar,  and  was  in  company  with  them 
in  ihe  afternoon  of  Tuesday,  April 
8,  at  the  Princess  of  Wales,  near 
the  asylum  for  the  Blind,  in  the 
London-road.  There  was  another 
man  of  the  name  of  Pritchard  with 
us;  he  is  not  in  custody.  We  saw 
Mary  Smith  and  Betsy  Dell  at  the 
outside  of  the  door  there.  We  all 
drank  beer  there  for  about  1 0  min- 
utes. From  the  Princess  of  Wales 
we  went  to  Clapham.  We  set 
out  about  10  minutes  past  ?•  We 
were  about  three  quarters  of  an 
hour  in  going  to  Clapham.  We 
stopped  near  the  Clapham  work- 
house, all  four  of  us.  I  said^  I 
hoped  they  were  not  goinff  to  mur- 
der or  hurt  the  (M  hay;  fcnr  if 
they  were,  I  would  not  go  anv 
further  wiUi  them.  Before  we  left 
the  London-road,  Stoflfel  told  me, 
that  we  were  ^joUng  to  Claphanu 
Stoflfel  asked  Pnt^hud  and  Kemei, 
whether  they  would  go  with  him 
to  Clapham  to  get  some  mon^. 
He  said,  that  he  had  got  an  old 
aunt  with  plenty  of  money,  which 
they  could  get  with  ease.  Keppel 
asked,  how  they  were  to  get  into 
the  house.  Stoffel  pulled  out  a 
brown  paper  parcel  from  his  pocket, 
tied  round  with  string,  and  sealed 
with  black  wax,  directed  for  "  Mrs. 
BeU,at  Mrs.  Richards',  Clapham> 


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4«»      ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1823. 


Surry."  He  said  that  would  be 
an  admittance.  Stoffel  planned  in 
the  Clapham-road^  that  I  should 
deliver  uie  parcel.  At  that  time 
K^ypel  and  Pritchard  said,  that 
^ey  would  'not  hurt  the  old 
Woman.  We  then  proceeded  to 
Clapham>  and  came  to  Mrs.  Rich- 
aids's.  Stoffel  showed  us  the 
house.  KeppelandPritchaidstood 
near  the  window.  I  stood  opposite 
the  door.  Stofiel  stood  by  my  side, 
nearestthewindow.  Stoffel  knock* 
ed  at  the  door;  the  old  lady  said^ 
^'  Who  is  there?"  I  said,  "  Here's 
a  parcel  for  Mrs.  BelL" 

Robert  Hall,  an  officer  of  Union- 
hall,  produced  a  paroeL 

The  witness  continued. — That 
is  the  paroeL  Mrs.  Richards  open* 
ed  the  door  and  tookit  to  the  l^t. 
She  then  put  on  her  spectacles. 
Stoffisl  came  in,  and  said,  ''My 
pood  old  creature,  we  don't  wish  to 
hurt  you:  we  only  wish  you  to  be 
ipiiet."  Stofifel  was  not  disguised, 
and  there  were  fire  and  candle  in 
the  room.  Mrs.  Richards  said, 
^'Oh  Lord:  Oh  dear!"  On  her 
saying  so,  Stoffel  put  his  hand 
before  her  mouth.  The  old  lady 
then  fell,  as  if  fainting.  Stoffel 
eased  her  down  on  the  floor,  and 
said,  5'  Poor  old  creature,  we  won't 
liurt  her."  Keppel  and  Pritchard 
then  came  in.  Upon  their  coming 
IB,  Stoflfel  called  on  them  to  hold 
the  dd  lady,  because  he  knew  best 
where  the  money  was.  Keppel 
laid  hold  of  the  old  lady,  and  put 
his  hand  over  her  moutii.  Stoffid 
and  Pritchard  went  up  stain  with 
the  Hgiht.  They  left  me  and  Kep* 
pel  in  the  room.  I  took  the  watdi 
that  was  hanging  over  the  fire* 
fdace,  fiuitened  the  firont  door,  and 
followed  them  iqp  stairs.  I  left 
Keppel  with  Mn.  Richards.  We 
were  not  Icmger  than  three  or  fbur 
lnlttUteB  up  stain.    We  searched 


the  hack  room  i)p  stain.  Wetoofc 
out  or  it  five  gowns  and  three  or 
four  silk  handkerchieft.  Webnoke 
open  no  box  or  locL  We  then 
came  down  stain  into  the  parkmc 
We  found  Mrs.  Rk&ards  on  the 
floor,  and  Ke;^  holing  herdown, 
with  something  white  over  her 
face,  a  handkerchief  or  aproo,  hot 
I  don't  know  which.  StdSU  found 
a  key  hanging  over  the  fire-jdace 
in  the  parlour;  he  opened  the  cop* 
board,  and  took  out  of  it  seven 
olver  tea-spoons.  Stoffel  said  diere 
ouglit  to  be  fifteen  taUe-q)«R)^ 
but  he  could  not  find  them.  There 
was  a  tea-caddy— on  seeing  it,  he 
asked  Keppel,  if  he  had  seen  sa; 
small  keys.  Keppel  dien  pot  hit 
hand  in  Mrs.  RiduBldsi'spoGket  and 
pulled  out  her  kcyi.  With  onecf 
them  Stoffel  unlocked  the  caddy> 
and  found  three  sovereigns,  sad 
nine  or  ten  diillings  in  salver.  Stof* 
fel  put  the  money  into  his  pocket 
Stoffel  said  there  was  more  jaaoef 
somewhere,  but  it  was  no  ine 
stopping.  We  all  four  Aen  came 
to  the  door.  Stoflfel  went  oat  fiisky 
and  we  followed  him.  I  was  tbe 
last  in;  I  put  out  the  candle  and 
shut  the  door  dose,  but  did  not 
festen  it  All  the  time  we  weie 
in  the  house,  Keppel  was  near  Mn- 
Richards,  holding  her  on  the  floor* 
I.took  no  steps  to  see,  whether  Ac 
was  aHve  or  dead.     I  took  one 

rn,  erne  silk  handkerchief,  and 
wateh;  Stoffel,  Pritdiaid,  and 
Keppel  took  the  other  proper^ 
between  them.  Stofi^  laida  polcer 
on  the  otttode  of  the  ^'""^^ 
Pritchard  and  I  went  mi  one  flde 
of  the  road,  and  Stoffia  and  Keppel 
on  the  other.  We  were  about  t«a 
minutes  in  the  house.  As  ^ 
■were  walking  home,  we  tamed  up 
Love-lane,  near  StockweD-g***'' 
Stoffel  said  to  K^— ^'I^ 
the  old  woman  isnot  dead."    Kq^ 


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47» 


pd  Sdid^''  Ob,  b— r,  what  odOs." 
We  then  went  to  the  Boroughi  ond 
stayed  in  a  hpuse  near  the  Mmt. 
lio  conversation  took  place>  but 
St(^^  and  Pritchard  took  the  things 
firom  me  and  Kepple,  and  went  into 
Perkins'it,  who  keqw  a  bit  of  an 
old  iron  diop.  We  mi^t  be  about 
lluee-quarteani  of  an  hour  in  walk- 
ing fitim  Qapham.  Stoffel  and 
Pntdiard  went  into  Perkinses  with 
Uie  thingSj  and  I  and  Keppel  into 
the  Union  public-house.  It  was 
then  a  litde  before  nine  o'clodi» 
Stoffel  and  Pritchard  came  to  us 
there  in  about  ten  minutes  after- 
wards. When  they  joined  us, 
Pritchard  had  the  watch,  which 
was  in  a  metal  case,  in  his  fob. 

George  Walmisly ,  a  pawnbroker, 
|«odueed  a  watch,  which  he  said 
)md  been  pawned  with  bin. 

.Witness  oontinned. — I  bdieve 
ihat  is  the  watch.  It  was  near  1 1 
o'clock  when  we  left  the  puUio* 
house.  At  that  time  Keppel  and 
Pritchard  were  much  in  liquor: 
ihej  were  so  drunk,  that  they  fell 
down  into  the  gutter.  I  called  to 
StoSel  to  help  them  up,  but  he 
ran  off  with  the  watch  and  a 
sovereign  in  his  pocket.  When 
i^ritchard  came  into  the  publio* 
house,  he  said  that  the  things  were 
sold  for  25#.  Some  3rciung  man 
assisted  in  pickiw  up  K^ipel  and 
Pritdiaxd.  I  toek  them  in  a  h^- 
ney  coach,  to  a  lodging  house  in 
Keat-rtaeet.  Not  gettmg  a  lodg- 
ing there,  the  coachman  put  them 
down  at  the  Suny  watch-house. 
Hie  n%ht  constable  said,  that 
drunken  veopkt  most  not  be  left 
diere«  and  so  we  drove  to  Kempel's 
home,  near  Amdia-street,  Wal* 
worth.  I  stayed  there  about  an 
luiur,  havine  first  taken  seven  or 
«a^  shillmffs  from  Kejmel's 
fiocket  to  pay  mt  coach-hire,  widdi 
was  four  shillingB.  I  waUced  all 
j»ight  about  the  streets.    The  next 


moB^ii^  I  saw  Keroeland  Pritdi* 
ard  about  seven  o'dock  at  Keppd's 
house.  We  went  from  there  to  the 
Union  public-house.  Whilst  we 
were  there,  Keppel  and  Pritchard 
said,  that  I  must  have  the  watch  and 
thesovereign.  Ideniedit  Mr.Bet- 
teridge,  the  master  of  the  public*  ' 
house,  said  that  the  young  man  in 
the  brown  coat  had  gotten  it.  We 
then  went  to  the  Pnnoess  of  Wales 
in  search  of  Stoffisl,  but  did  not 
find  him.  I  had  known  Smith 
and  Dell  for  some  time  before  this: 
these  two  girls  lived  together  in 
York-streetiLondoii4oad:  Kepptl^ 
Pritchard  and  myself  went  to  their 
lodgings,  and  stayed  there  for  a 
few  h^m  I  afterwards  went  to 
Bristol  with  Pritchard  and  Keppel 
on  the  Sunday  following.  We 
tmmtd  there  on  tlie  Wraneaday 
ui^t,  and  left  it  on  the  Saturday 
morning  following  for  London. 
We  stopped  at  Mariborourit  aS  we 
wait.  On  arriving  in  Londoi^ 
Pritchard  went  to  ]£s  mother^s  at 
Mary-le-bone,  Kejj^iel  to  h& 
mother^s  in  Walwcnth,  and  I  ta 
my  &ther,  who  is  a  rat-caldier,  at 
No.  6,  Ndson-street,  CamberweU* 
I  goarat-catclmigwithmy£al^er> 
but  in  general  I  am  alabourer. 

Cross-examined.^— I  was  appte* 
bended  on  Wednesday,  ZSrd  of 
'  April,  at  nine  in  the  evening.  Stoft 
£el  was  taken  first,  Keppel  second^ 
and  I  was  taken  last.  I  had  seen 
and  heard  of  the  hand-bills  pn* 
claiming  a  reward  of  200  guineas 
for  the  discovery  of  Mrs.  Rkli« 
ards's  murderers,  before  I  volun- 
tarily surrendered  myself.  I  suv* 
rendered  upon  being  told  by  an 
offieer,  that  there  was  every  hope 
and  ei^)ectatai(m  that  I  should  be 
made  a  vritz^ss  for  the  Crown. 
My  fisther  came  to  me  wiA  a  mes- 
sage to  tiiat  efifeet  from  Mr.  Allen, 
l^lien  I  was  loought  before  Mr. 
Alleii,  I  wasu  placed  in  the  prisoa* 


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48^     ANNUAL    REGISTER.   1823. 


en'  box  on  diree  difeient  ooct- 
Bums.  I  made  the  same  statement 
then  88  I  have  done  to-day.  I 
was  alone  with  Mr.  Allen  on  one 
occasion.  He  asked  me,  if  I  was 
willing  to  tell  the  tniUi  from 
beginning  to  end,  and  to  turn  King^s 
evidence.  I  said  that  I  would. 
I  therefore  gave  my  evidence,  sup- 
posing that  1  should  save  my  neck 
by  it 

Thomas  Reed. — I  am  night  con- 
stable at  Clapham.  On  Tuesday, 
the  8tk  of  April,  I  went  to  Mrs. 
Richards'  house.  I  took  up  a 
brown  paper  parcel  which  was  on 
the  table.  That  is  the  parcel  whidi 
I  took  up.  I  also  took  up  a  pocket 
and  an  apron.  The  apron,  produced 
in  court  this  day,  is  the  same  as 
that  which  I  then  took  up. 

Stephen  Carter. — I  am  a  patrol 
belonging  to  the  Clapham  trust. 
I  saw  Uiis  parcel  lying  in  Mrs. 
Richards's  house.  I  gave  it  to 
Mrs.  Bell ;  she  opened  it.  It  con- 
sisted of  nothing  but  blank  pi^ier. 
She  then  gave  it  me,  and  I  gave  it 
Reed,  the  constable. 

EliEabethDelL— Iknow  Keppel 
only  by  seemffhim  in  the  London- 
road.  I  drank  with  him  last  April, 
about  7  or  8  in  the  evening,  at  the 
Princess  of  Wales.  Anne  Smidi 
was  with  me.  We  lived  together 
in  York-street,  London-road,  at 
that  time.  We  were  10  minutes 
with  Keppel  at  the  outside  of  the 
house,  in  die  London-road.  A 
man  came  up  to  us  at  that  time ; 
\mt  I  do  not  know  who  it  was. 
We  left  the  prisoners  there.  We 
saw  Kei^pel,  Pritchard  and  Scott 
the  next  day.  I  had  never  seen 
Scott  heiaie.  I  should  know  Scott 
i^ain  if  I  saw  him. 

Mary  Anne  Smiths— I  saw  the 
inasoners  on  Tuesday,  the  8th  of 
April,  at  the  Princess  of  Wales, 
London-road,  along  with  Betsey 
Dell;  Keppel  gave  me  die  porter 


on  the  outside  of  the  door;  I  Hi 
not  see  Keppel  any  more,  till  dw 
next  day ;  he  then  came  to  mf 
lodgings  with  Scott  and  Pritdiaid; 
Scott  stayed,  but  Pritchard  went 
away :  I  conversed  vnth  Keppel  on 
the  Saturday,  but  he  tflU  ns 
nothing  particular. 

Robert  HalL — I  amanoffieerst 
Union-hall ;  I  appreh^ided  StoffiJ 
on  the  10th  of  April,  about  11 
o'clock  at  night,  and  Keppel  on  the 
22nd,  about  12  at  night ;  Glannon 
was  with  me  when  they  were 
apprehended;  I  took  Stoiel  at  the 
Cock,  at  Camberwell;  this  hrowa 
paper  parcel  was  then  in  my  cus- 
tody ;  I  did  not  then  produce  it  ts 
Stoffd;  I  asked  him  the  neH 
mominff  at  the  office  to  write;  I 
dictated  to  him,  what  he  shooU 
write,  and  he  wrote  this  pa^; 
the  magistrate  saw  him  write  it. 

Cross-examined. — I  was  fint 
employed  on  the  8th  of  April  to 
discover  these  murderers,  iad  ca 
the  10th  I  found  StoffeL  Mr. 
Allen  was  present,  I  think,  irhai 
I  asked  Stoffd  to  write.  Wheal 
took  Stoffel  into  custody,  he  m 
so  drunk,  that  I  was  obliged 
to  throw  him  neck  and  beeh 
into  the  cart  in  which  I  took  him 
to  London. 

Re-examined.— -I  let  Soott  out 
of  my  custody  far  six  or  ejf^ 
hours  t(mther  at  a  time,  in  the 
hopes  of  finding  Pritdiaid.  ' 
stood  as  a  hadmey  coachmuiy  ni^ 
after  night,  in  Westminster,  nj* 
self,  in  order  to  detect  him*  I 
have  travelled  hundreds  of  wl» 
for  the  same  purpose.  Whilit  J 
waited  in  Westminster,  I  w«e  ^ 
guised  in  a  hackney-coachiosai 
ffreat  coat,  that  I  mi^ht  not  be 
known ;  if  I  had  been  m  my  p**" 
sent  dress,  I  should  have  been  ifio 
well  known.  Pritchard  was  in  the 
habit  of  living  with  the  prostitutes 
of  Westminster. 


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49* 


James  Glannon. — I  am  a  con- 
stable of  Union-halL  I  appre- 
hended Stoffel  along  with  the  last 
witness.  I  took  Scott  with  his  fa- 
ther mi  Kemungton-^eoBlmon  by  ap- 
pointment. I  kept  him  for  nearly 
two  months  at  my  house  to  assist  me 
in  apprehending  Pritchard.  Scott 
did  every  thing  in  his  power  to 
apprehend  him. 

Lancelot  Baugh  Allen,  Esq. — 
I  am  a  magistrate  of  Union-hall. 
JStofiel  was  brought  before  me  on 
Triday,  the  11th  of  April.  This 
brawn  paper  parcel  was  produced 
before  me*  I  iSwnd  Stofiel  writing 
on  a  peper^  which  has  been  pro- 
duced in  court.  As  soon  as  he  had 
iiniahed  writing.  Hall  flung  down 
the  brown  paper  parcel^  and  md, 
**  My  lad,  did  you  ever  see  this 
before?^  Without  a  single  word 
intenrening,  Stoffd  dien  said,  "  I 
will  confess  all,  I  was  there."  I 
-  immcj^tely  warned  him,  that  no 
hope  of  mercy  would  be  extended 
to  mm  ;  he  immediately  reiterated 
his  expression,  that  he  would  oon- 
fess  all ;  I  warned  him  on  the  sub- 
ject most  fully ;  what  he  said  was 
then  taken  down  by  myself  and 
the  clerk  for  greater  accuracy ;  the 
writing  down  his  confesnon  took 
up  three  or  four  hours;  I  read 
over  to  Um  what  I  had  written^ 
wfakh  was  checked  by  the  ekrk, 
Mr.  Reeves. 

Mr.  Jtmes  Reeves,  derk  to  ihe 
masistrates  at  Union-hidl,  dqxMed 
to  uie  same  efiect. 

The  oonfenion  of  Stofiel  was 
then  put  in  and  read.  It  iully 
cwTofcotated  the  testimony  given 
by  the  accomplice  Scott. 

W.  Perkins. — I  keep  an  iron- 
shop  in  Blue-Ball-alley :  I  never 
purchased  any  tea-spoons  or  gowns, 
either  then  or  at  any  other  time. 
No  gown  nor  watdi  were  offered 
to  me  that  eveniiffi  for  sale.     I  can 

Vol.  LXV, 


swear  with  safety,  that  these  things 
were  never  o^red  to  me  either  on 
that  day  or  any  other  time. 

Several  witnesses  deposed  to  the 
conduct  of  the  prisoners  at  the 
Union  pubUc-house,  on  the  even- 
ing  of  Tuesday,  the  8th  of  April, 
^  it  had  been  described  by  Scott. 
Anne  Hill. — Stofiel  save  me  a 
watch  to  pledge.  I  took  it  to  Mr. 
Walmisley,  a  pawnbroker,  in  the 
London-road.  I  got  7*«  for  it,  and 
a  duplicate.  I  believe  that  to  be 
the  watch  I  pawned.  I  gave  the 
7«.  to  Philip  StoffeL 

George  Walmisley,  a  pawn- 
broker, proved  that  the  watch  in 
Question  was  pledged  with  him  by 
be  last  witness,  on  the  10th  oi 
Aprillast. 

Martha  Hook, — I  am  niece  to 
the  kte  Mrs.  Richards.  Stofiel  is 
a  nephew  of  mine,  and  son  of  a 
niece  of  Mrs.  Richards.  I  know 
that  my  aunt  had  a  watch.  I  be-* 
hme  that  this  watch  is  hers.  I 
know  it  by  the  name  of  '^Thomas 
Richards,  London,"  marked  on  the 
plate. 

Cross-eKamined.-T-I  swear  to  the 
wirtch,  from  the  name  that  is 
inscribed  within  it,  and  from 
nothing  else. 

Sophia  Jones  was  sure,  that  this 
watch  was  the  watch  of  Mrs. 
Richards.  Mrs.  Richards,  a  month 
before  her  death,  opened  the  watch, 
and  showed  the  witness  her  hus- 
band's name  written  on  the  plate. 
She  found  that  the  name  waseo 
written  in  this  watdi,  and  she 
therefore  believed  it  to  be  that  of 
Mrs.  Richards. 

The  Jury  asked  leave  to  retire, 
and  after  being  absent  about  $5 
minutes,  returned  with  a  verdict  of 
Guilty  against  both  the  prisoners. 

Mr.  Sergeant  Onblow  imme- 
diately pronounced  sentence  of 
death  upon  them. 


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PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS. 


L— DOMESTIC. 


Letter  on  the  State  op  Ireland  from  the  Lord  LiBUTENikr. 


Phoenix  Bark,  Jan.  20, 1833. 

Sir;-^A  considerable  time  has 
elapsed  since  I  have  addressed  to 
you  a  detailed  report  of  outrages 
committed  in  the  provinces  of  fire- 
land,  according  to  the  idan  which 
I  pursued  during  the  last  winter 
and  spring,  of  submitting  periodi- 
cal statements  on  that  subject,  ibr 
his  majesty's  information. 

During  the  summer  and  the 
early  part  of  the  autumn  of  182£, 
the  measures  sanctioned  by  parlia- 
ment, fbr  the  restoration' of  tran- 
quillity, combined  with  othfer 
causes,  had  produced  such  a  de- 
cree of  quiet,  that  no  necessity  eSL- 
isted  for  my  usual  communications  ; 
and  I  entertained  a  hope,  that  I 
might  have  been  able  at  this  time 
to  furnish  a  very  fkvooraUe  i^ 
port  of  the  actual  state  of  the 
country;  and  that  this  winter 
would  have  passed  without  any 
material  disturbance  of  the  public 
tranquillity. 

Although  events  have  happened 
in  some  of  the  provinoes,  which 
have  disappointed  my  expectations, 
I  am  happy  to  inform  you,  that  the 
general  condidon  of  Ireland,  with 
respect  to  internal  tranquility,  is 
considerably  ameliorated.  * 

In  the  county  of  Limerick,  the 
principal  seat  cf  the  late  disturb- 
ances, my  expectationB  have  not 


been  disiqypoinled.  The  npmi 
from  the  ixiBgi8trate»  of  tkt 
county,  piQse&t  no  aggravated  omi 
of  crime,  but  manimt  iBdifatinn 
of  the  dedine  of  l^ot  sfitamof  i- 
le^  and  secret  oomMnataon^wiiidi 
orijpnally  led  to  open  vioieMoe. 
Inronnaticm  is  now  man  teith 
afforded;  cfSminals are mmwlj 
detected;  and  AewitneBMsagiiMt 

them  no  longer  entatun  ^  <^ 
trane  apprehencioB  of  uSflfVi 
which,  during  the  early  ptrtcf  tke 
year  1882,  so  umvonlly,  sb^'^ 
justly  pre^Eoled. 

Linreiibk,  thte^ekm,  has  te 
restored  to  a  state  of  traoqi^i 
and  it  is  now  more  essmj^^ 
crimes  tium  other  oomiitiesy  ^oA 
have  been  deemed  tnn^uL  T^ 
oondkion  of  Limerick,  hsmim, 
cannot  justify  the  ieniofal€f-^ 
considerable  portion  c£^foa^^ 
the  army  or  police ;  moc  the  •»- 
pension  of  the  openrtiflBvf  the^- 
surrection  act.  . 

In  die  febcral  eoaffiet  of  pdlib- 
cal  ofAnion,  whidbis/lftie  piwJ*^ 
(^araeler  of  Inelaad,  «Mmy  j>eiw^ 
declare  the  spirit  rf  the  W*5 
Limedck  to  be  unimpieved^  ^ 
attribnt&the  existing  ttanquM^^ 
exdusively  to  the  tenor  pw***^ 
by  the  meaat  employed f(jr«ifi*' 
ing  obedienoe  to  the  law. 

But,  whatever  may  b»  Ae  onp- 


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rule  Lie    DOCUMENTS.        €1* 


nA  caoie  of  tijWMluillity,  I  do  nci 
appyrehend  that  the  oouatj  of  Li* 
meriek  will  soon  be  ^turbed 
again^  to  any  great  degree.  Under 
tibe  peoteetioQ  of  the  law>  lately 
enaeted,  an  improved  force  of  po- 
lice has  been  estaUished  in  the 
oounty ;  and  the  magistrate^  have 
incessantly  laboured  to  improve  the 
local  administration  of  justice^  and 
to  give  additional  power  to  the 
law^  by  a  more  vigorous  and  im- 
partial exercise  of  uieir  provisions. 
If  the  protection  now  affiurded 
be  continued  for  a  sufficient  period 
«f  time  to  render  the  success  of  the 
plans  of  the  original  agitators  hope- 
len  and  impractical^,  the  ordi- 
■ary  lawns  under  a  ju0t  and  piure 
administaatioPj  may  be  foimd 
amply  sufficient  for  the  preserva- 
rion  of  the  public  peace  in  that 

ODUB^.  '0 

It  is  tmpoflsiUe  not  to  contem* 
piate  &e  improved  condition  of  the 
aoun^  of  Limecick  with  a  degree 
of  aatis&ctioD,  not  ooniined  to  the 
limits  of  thai  district^  but  opening 
to  aproapect  of  similar  and  more 
eaUenaive  beneits,  through  the  in- 
traduction  of  simSar  improvements 
in.  other  parts  of  Jrolaiid.  Nor  ^an 
1  withhold  the  testimony  of  my 
most  cordial  approbation,  of  the 
merits  oi  the  nolnjityi  gentcy^ 
clergy »  and. magistrates  of  Lime- 
licky  in  enabling :  the  government 
tD.la|t  Jthe  foundationsfof  this  great 
aad  J  auspicious  work— rby  which 
the.  main  source  of  disorder  «uid 
lawlesa  viol«iee  ha&  beeorrendsgp^ 
an  ezampkof  taranquilUty^  and  of 
the  ^ue.admiiiistxaliGn.  of  justipe. 
In  the  advance,  which  .has  been 
made  towards  this  salutaiy  jrefprmi 
the  servioea  of  Mr,  Serjeant  X^r* 
nena have beenmoat essentially  and 
eminently  useful ;  nor  is  it  possi- 
ble for  me  to  express,  in  terms  of 
too    .warm    oommendaticm^     my 


grateful  sense  of  his  judidouft,  hu- 
mane, and  aotive  ana  persevering 
exertions. 

.  The  ooimty  of  Clare  his  gene- 
rally been  exempt,  until  lately, 
from  outrages  of  a  serious  or  insur- 
rectionary character. 

At  the  end  of  November  last, 
however,  some  disposition  to  distur- 
bance b^an  to  manifest  itself  in 
Clare— by  notices  on  the  subject  of 
tithes--by  punishing  persons  en* 
gaced  in  the  collection  of  them—- 
and  by  a  violent  attack  on  Mr; 
M'Cttiloch,  a  clergyman,  whose 
life  was  seriously  endangered  by 
the  injuries  which  he  sufl^red. 

To  .such  an  extent  had  crime 
prevailed  in  the  barony  of  Tulla, 
that  the .  magistrates  ,had  antidU 
pated  the  necessity  of  rei^uiriuff 
Uie  aj^ication  of  the  provisums  pi 
the  Insurrection  act. 

Serious  outrage,  however,,  has 
been  principally  confined  to  the 
proclaimed  mstricts  of  the  counties 
of  Cock  ^nd  Tij^rary.  . 

At  the  close  of  the  harvest,  a 
peneraldiq[KMition  i;^as  manifested, 
m  Uiose  districts,  to,  iavade  tl^ 
property  of  the  clergy,  and  of 
others  receivin|^  an  inpojne  fron^ 
tithe- 

The  system  of.  notices  (not  ap- 
plied, as  formei^ly,  to. rents  and 
tithes),  was  confined  to  tithes; 
and  these  notices  were  followed  b^ 
a^  of  outrage,  differing  from  those 
in  the  last  yc^i^bo^hm  ^haracti^i: 
and  conduct. 

Tithe  property ,  whether  jin  thi? 
hands  of  laymen  or  occkmastic^ 
was  th^  object  of  att^k ;  and  i^ 
inean^  usually  employed,  di£Atrui> 
tion  by  fire.  During  the  latter 
pert  i>f  Sept ember^  ft;w  nights  paa** 
ed  without  the  de^truciionj  by  fire^ 
of  some  buildinjj^  haggard  or  stttck$ 
of  titlie-com,  in  the  proclaimed 
baronies  of  ihe  county  of  Cork. 

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The  same  system  has  continued 
in  those  baronies^  with  some  abate- 
ment to  the  present  time. 

It  is  a  curious  circumstance^  how- 
ever, in  the  character  g£  these 
transactions,  that,  in  several  in- 
stances, the  grain  had  been  artfully 
separated  from  the  straw,  and  had 
been  sold  by  the  proprietor  of  the 
stacks,  for  its  full  value ;  and  that 
the  same  proprietor  had  destroyed 
the  stacks  of  straw  by  fire,  with  a 
view  of  recovering  from  the  ba- 
rony the  full  value  of  the  com  al- 
ready sold.  These  cases  were  not 
unfrequent. 

The  incendiary  was  of  course 
midiscoverable. — The  fact  of  such 
numerous  and  secret  conflagrations 
was  alleged  to  be  an  indictable 
proof  of  general  combination,  until 
the  vigilance  of  the  military  and 
police  actually  detected  a  conside- 
rable number  of  the  stacks  of  straw, 
cleared  of  the  grain,  and  prepared 
for  the  fire,  and  thus  discovered 
the  whole  mystery  of  this  double 
fraud. 

By  the  activity  of  the  troops  and 
of  the  police,  the  number  of  con- 
flagrations has  been  gradually  re- 
duced ;  several  instances,  however, 
of  that  outrage  occurred  during  the 
last  week,  in  one  barony. 

While  these  lawless  outrages 
have  been  directed  against  tithe 
property,  the  former  system  of 
robbing  houses  for  arms,  has  not 
been  altogether  abandoned. — At- 
tempts to  destroy  persons  obnoxi- 
ous to  the  insurgents,  on  account 
of  information  given,  or  of  a  refu- 
sal to  obey  theu:  commands,  have 
been,  ifcnewed;  but  these  robbe- 
ries have  hot  been  frequent,  and 
have  appeared  rather  subsidiary  to 
the  attainment  of  other  objects, 
connected  with  the  destruction  of 
the  property  of  the  church. 

In  the  course  «f  November,  the 


system  extended  itsdf  to  the  baitK 
ny  adjoining  those  originally  pro- 
claimed, to  such  an  extent,  a&  to  re^ 
quire  the  application  of  tiie  provi- 
sions of  the  Peace  Preservation  HU. 

Instances  also  have  occurred  of 
similar  outrages  ajsainst  tithe  pro* 
perty,  in  parts  of  the  county  of 
Cork,  more  remote  from  the  baro- 
nies in  which  the  spirit  of  violence 
originally  appeared.  There  is  lea* 
son  to  bdieve,  that  in  some  of  these 
cases,  the  outrages  have  been  per- 
petrated by  persons  detached  for 
the  special  purposes,  from  the  dis- 
turbed baronies ;  and  even  in  the 
parts  of  the  country  where  the 
outrages  have  most  prevailed,  thej 
have  seldom  been  conducted  by 
persons  of  the  immediate  neigh- 
bourhood, with  the  exception  of 
the  cases  of  fraud  already  described 

In  TippeAy  a  similar  system 
oommenoi^,  though  in  a  midgated 
degree.  During  the  latter  part  of 
September  and  the  mondi  of  Oc- 
tober, some  destructions  of  property 
by  fire  occurred;  notices  were 
posted,  and  some  attacks  were 
made  for  the  purpose  of  procuiii^ 
arms.  The  progress  of  disturbance 
appeared  so  rapid  to  some  penons, 
as  to  induce  the  magistrates,  assem- 
bled at  a  special  sesdon,  to  request 
an  extension  of  the  Insurrectiai 
act  to  a  barony  to  which  it  had  not 
been  previously  applied. 

The  request  having  beea  re- 
ceived on  the  eve  of  the  prodamft* 
tion  for  canying  into  efiect,  in 
that  county,  the  new  system  of 
police,  it  was  thought  adviaahle  to 
withhold  the  application  of  the  Iih 
surrection  act,  until  the  efiect  of 
the  new  system  of  police  had  been 
ascertained  by  experiment. 

Many  crimes  have  aince  been. 
committed  in  the  county  of  Tmpe- 
rary,  but  not  generally,  of  the  lor* 
mer  insonectioiiary  character. 


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53* 


The*  districts  of  the  King's  and 
Queen's  counties^  bordering  on 
Tipperary^  have  been  afifected  by 
siiBuar  disorder;  property  has  been 
destroyed  by  fire;  and  in  some 
places^  great  apprehensions  have 
existed  of  the  disturbance  of  tran- 
quillity. The  establishment  of  an 
effective  police,  under  the  act  of 
the  last  session,  in  both  these 
counties,  will  probably  reduce  the 
spirit  of  outrage  witlun  more  nar- 
row limits ;  and,  it  may  be  hoped, 
will  ultimately  extinguish  it. 

In  the  county  of  Roscommon, 
notices  of  an  inflammatory  and 
threatening  character,  during  the 
winter,  have  been  generally  circu- 
lated. 

Outrages  have  at  intervals  been 
committed,  of  an  aggravated  na« 
ture,  some  partaking  of  the  charac- 
ter of  those  now  prevailing  in  cer- 
tain districts  of  the  county  of  Cork, 
and  others  more  connected  with 
the  general  disturbances  of  the 
last  year;  but,  in  consequence  of 
the  exertions  of  the  police,  the 
outrages  in  Roscommon  have  not 
attained  any  alarming  height. 

Some  disturbance  has  also  oc- 
curred in  the  counties  of  Kildare 
and  Westmeath ;  it  has  been  met, 
in  both  instances,  by  an  extension 
of  the  Peace  Preservation  act  to 
additional  baronies. 

The  province  of  Ulster  main* 
tains  its  tranquillity.  From  many 
quarters  information  has  been  re- 
ceived, of  an  increased  activity  in 
the  swearing  of  Ribbonmen ;  and, 
in  some  instances,  meetings  have 
been  held,  which  havQ  terminated 
in  serious  a£Brays;  but,  with  the 
exception  of  these  riotous  proceed- 
ing8>  the  peace  of  the  provmce  had 
been  generally  preserved  by  the 
exertions  of  the  gentry  and  ma- 
gistrates. This  general  view  of 
the  8tat«  of  Ireland  certainly  ex- 


hibits a  scene  of  tranquillity,  com- 
pared with  the  corresponding  pe- 
riod of  the  last  year. 

Numerous  crimes  are  recorded  in 
the  reports  of  the  several  magis- 
trates; but  they  have  not  been  so  fre- 
quent, and  generally  not  of  so  san- 
guinary a  character,  and  not  so 
strongly  marked  by  a  systematic  re* 
sistanceofauthori^.  Thefearofthe 
law  appears,  in  many  instances,  to 
have  superseded  the  dread  of  lawless 
vengeance.  Difficulties  of  procur- 
ing evidence  of  crimes,  committed 
even  in  the  presence  of  many  wit- 
nesses, still  exist ;  but  those  diffi*' 
culties  are  neither  so  great  nor  so 
general  as  in  the  former  periods  of 
time.  The  execution  of  some  in- 
dividuals, for  the  murder  of  a 
crown  witness,  at  Limerick,  has 
eiven  confidence  to  the  wdl-af- 
fected ;  and  has  created  a  general 
impression,  that  the  law  is  able  to 
avenge  and  to  protect  those  who 
assist  in  its  due  administration. 
On  the  other  hand,  in  most  of  the 
lately  disturbed  districts,  a  gene- 
ral distrust  of  each  other,  has 
been  diffused  amongst  the  authors 
and  agents  of  violence  and  disor- 
der :  and  a  general  terror  exists  of 
the  peril  of  extensive  combinations 
of  insurrection.  This  alarm  has 
certainly  arisen  from  the  more  vi- 
gorous, and,  at  the  same  time,  im*- 
partial  administration  of  the  law. . 

Undoubtedly,  throughout  the 
whole  country,  a  general  disposi- 
tion prevails  to  invade  the  property 
of  the  clergy,  to  resist  the  pay- 
ment of  tithes ;  and  to  resort  to 
every  means  of  defeating  all  de- 
mands of  the  church.  This  may 
be  partly  attributed  to  the  diffi- 
culties of  the  times^  partly  to  the 
spirit  of  resisting  lawful  authority, 
which  has  been  so  sedulously  en- 
couraged. While  this  spirit  shall 
continue  to  break  forth  in  outrages 


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of  t!ie  nature  now  prevai&g  in 
some  districts  of  Cork,  and  in  other 
places ;  wMle  these  outrages  shall 
bd  committed  by*  comlmiations  of 
persons  not  imme£ately  connected 
with  the  actual  scene  of  miuchief, 
but  traversing  the  Country  at  ni^iy 
in  gangs  of  incendiaries ;  prudence 
must  forbid  the  relaxation  of  diose 
/extraordinary  powers  which  parlia- 
inent  conddered  to  be  necessary  for 
the  preservation  of  the  peace  of 
Irelsuid ;  and  which,  duly  exerdsed, 
have  already  contributed  to  pro^ 
fluce  whatever  improvement  has 
been  effected  in  the  general  state  of 
the  country.  * 

'  Amon^  the  causes  of  public 
lunelioration  which  have  com« 
menced  to  operate  in  Ir^hd,  the 
jBUii  of  the  last  session  of  parlia^ 
ineht  for  the  improvement'  of  thd 
police,  demands  particular  notice.^ 
'  The  introduction  of  the  im- 
|nroved  system  of  police,  has  been 
accompli^ed  gradually,  and  with 
general  good  will  axid  temper  in 
teveral  counties. 

*-  The  mafi;istrates  have  cheerfulh^ 
to*operated  in  ^ving  effect  to  this 
j^reat  and  salutary  alteration  in  the 
internal  covemment  of  Ireland. 
'  It  would  neither  be  prudent  nor 
just  to  precipitate  the  extension  of 
to  consmenibBe  a  change  of  system ; 
th6  beneficial  promss  of  which 
might  be  fkistrated,  but  could  not 
be  accelerated  by  a  jwemature  effort 
to  force  its  univetw  application.  ' 
In  some  districts,  die  practical 
benefits  of  the  system  itself,  have 
'already  oommencid  their  operation. 
It  would^  however,  be  as  vain 'and 
presumptuous  to  expect,  instanta- 
neously, the  full  advantages  of 
such  a  change,  as  it  Would  have 
been  rash  to  hasten  its  introduc- 
tion. The  course  of  time,  the 
steady  perseve(rance  of  the  govem- 
*?sient,  and  the  pitigressive  confi-i 


dence  of  the  gentry  and  magistracy, 
may  be  expected  to  mature  and 
perfect  the  good  fruits  of  this  wise 
and  usdul  law,  wherever  ft  has 
been  applied ;  imtil  a  general  sense 
and  view  of  its  happy  eonse* 
quences  shall  sanction  its  generd 
extension. 

In  the  mean  while,  it  is  highly 
satisfactory  to  observe,  that  tlus 
early  appearance  of  this  plan  beats 
an  aspect  s6  favourable  andhopeftiL 

Similar  observations  occur  wiA 
respect  to  the  revision  of  the  cobk 
mission  of  the  peace.  No  readbo- 
able  mind  could  expect  that  so  in* 
vidious  a  task  could  be  attempted 
tnthout  occasioning  partial  discom 
tent;  or  that  a  work  so  difficult 
and  complicated,  could  at  onoe  be 
accomplished  and  displayed  in  com* 
I^te  perfection.  "Hie  experience 
rf  all  practical  government,  tkc 
rules  of  an  politic  wisdom,  w6oU 
naturally  suggest,  that  sudi  a  re^ 
vision  could  not  be  perfect  in  its 
first  effort ;  and  must  reqreiire  fire* 
quent  and  careful  reconsmeradoir, 
before  its  advantages  could  be  en* 
tirdy  reali2ed. 

'  Accordingly,  complaints  hive 
arisen,  with  respect  to  the  most 
ddicate  and  arduous  considerations, 
in  t&e  progress  of  this  necessuT 
reform;  attention  has  beenjafl 
to  these  complaints,  wherever  ft 
liaff  been  deemed  consistent  witk 
the  principles^  of  the  proposed  idh 

Kvement ;  and  I  have  no  doubt, 
t  the  commission  of  die  peace 
will  be  the  object  of  constant'vifli- 
lance  and  care,  until  the  btoeffdd 
views  of  his  majest/s  gorcmineftt 
shall  be  perfected,  to  theutmolt 
practical  extent,  in  the  '^eiicnJ 
improvement  of  the  magistracy  ii 
Irdand.  - " 

In  some  counties,  the  leAiilu  n 
already  almost  complet^  and  is  gene- 
rally sstisfiBictOTy  ;~*wlme,  tluou^ 


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56* 


out  Ird&nd^  the  mere  biowledge 
Gf  the  existence  of  a  system  of  re- 
vi&don  has  produced  salutary  con- 
sequences,  Sy  increasing  the  dili- 
oence^  accuracy,  and  careful  con- 
duct of  the  magistrates — and  by  a 
ipore  efiectiial  and  more  pure  ad- 
ministration of  the  law. 

The  useful  practice  of  assem- 
bling &6i^pjently  and  r^larly  in 
petty  sessions,  has  been  mtroduced 
mto  soAie  counties;  and  the  dan- 
||erou8  habit  of  administering  ju»- 
ticeby  separate  n^^gistrates,  at  their 
respective  residences,  is  gradually 


I  h^ve  given  every  encourage- 
ment to  the  extension  of  the  sys- 
tem of  holding  petty  sessions ;  and^ 
^  one  moment,  I  contemplated  the 
propriety  of  suggesting  a  law  upon 
the  subject  But,  haviQp  reason 
to  believe  that  the  magistracy  is 
gperally  disposed  to  adopt  the 
practice  ]xy  voluntary  regulation,  I 
prefar  the  eiq)ei!unent  of  their  own 
UQOomtroBed  good-wiU,  until  I  can 
aacertain,  hj  time,  whether  the 
addition  of  legal  rule  may  be  ne- 
cessary to  stimulate  their  exertions. 

From  the  statement  of  facts  con- 
tained in  this  despatch,  and  from 
the  observations  which  I  have  sub- 
mitted to  you,  it  will  appear,  that 
Ihe  geoeral  eoiadition  of  Ireland, 
with  regard  to  the  internal  peace 
wd  tranquillity  of  the  provinces, 
19  considerably  improved  since  the 
last  winter ;  that  t^e  appearance  of 
^st^iiatic  disturbance  is  confined 
to  a  few  districts  on  the  north- 
HfejBterv  boundary  of  the  county  of 
Cork  ;  and  that,  even  in  those  dis- 
tricts, no  insurrectionaiy  combina- 
tion has  been  manifested ;  but  that 
^  most  outiageous  attack  has  been 
made  upon  the  system  of  tithes,  apd 
upfnk  Uie  ri^^  and  property  of 
the  church  wUh  reference  to  that 


Thata  considerable  in^^vement 
has  been  effected  in  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  law^  within  th^  dis- 
tricts which  had^been  disturbed;, 
and  that  it  is  reasonable  to  expect 
increased  vigour  and  purity  in  that 
administration.  That  tiie  new 
police  had  been  introduced  into  the 
lately  disturbed  districts,  and  into 
others,  with  general  approbation, 
with  the  cordial  and  efitective  co- 
operation of  the  magistrates,  and 
in  many  instances»  with  great  suc- 
cess in  the  detection  of  crime,  the 
qpeedy  apprehension  of  offenders, 
and  the  maintenance  of  pubUc 
peace. 

.  That  the  revision  of  the  magis- 
tracy is  proceeding  regularly ;  and 
that  the  general  conduct  of  the 
magistrates,  in  establishingfrequent 
petty  sessions,  and  other  useful  re- 
gulations, affords  just  reason  to 
expect  a  progressive  improvement 
in  the  magistracy  of  Ireland. 

I  have  not  referred  in  this  des- 
patch to  the  dangerous  system  of 
associations  under  the  obligation  of 
secret  and  mysterious  oath^  Hav- 
ing, sometime  since,  submitted  to 
you  a  separate  despatch,  relative  to 
the  trial  and  conviction  of  sevend 
persons  denominated  JUbbonmen, 
I  added  to  that  despatch  some  ob- 
servations, suggesting  the  neces- 
sity of  strengmening  the  law  of 
Ireland  against  the  peril  of  those 
societies. 

The  question  of  the  increase  or 
diminution  of  the  spirit  of  this  as- 
sociation, is  stated  differently,  ac-» 
cording  to  the  particular  views, 
imaginary  interests,  and  flagrant 
zeal  of  conflicting  parties. 

In  this  contention  (ludicrous  in 
principle  and  theory,  but  mischie- 
vous to  the  state  in  practice),  it  is, 
at  least,  an  advantage  to  the  lan^s 
government  to  have  completely  oe- 
tected  and  publicly  exposed  the 


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ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1823. 


whole  craft  and  mystery  of  the 
Ribbon  conspiracy.  And  I  cannot 
believe  that  such  an  exposure,  ac- 
companied by  such  convictions, 
sentences,  and  punishments,  should 
heither  assuage  the  zeal,  nor  abate 
the  bravery  of  these  covenanters, 
nor  relax  the  holy  bond  of  their 
iUegal  oaths,  and  treasonable  con- 
tract. 

But  I  request  your  attention  to 
the  suggestions  which  I  have  sub- 
mitted, for  the  more  effectual  re- 
straint of  this  system  of  myste- 
rious engagements,  formed  under 
the  solemmty  of  secret  oaths,  bind- 
ing his  majesty's  liege  subjects  to 
act  under  authorities  not  known 
to  the  law,  nor  derived  from  the 
state,  for  purposes  undefined ;  not 
disclosed  in  the  first  process  of  ini- 
tiation; nor  until  the  infatuated 
novice  has  been  sworn  to  the  vow 
of  unlimited  and  la /.less  obedience. 

The  vigour  and  activity  of  the 
law  should  be  exerted  to  extirpate 
this  mischief,  which  has  been  a 
main  cause  of  the  disturbances  and 
miseries  of  Ireland.     The  mystery 


is  now  distinctly  exposed :  I  there* 
fore  anxiously  h<^  and  trust,  that 
his  majesty's  government  will  add 
to  the  various  benefits  which  they 
have  already  imparted  to  this  coun- 
try, the  inestimable  favour  of  abo^ 
li^iing  by  law,  in  Ireland,  an  eril^ 
which  has  been  abolished  by  law  in 
England.     I  have,  &c 

Wbllbblby. 

p.  S.  In  examining  this  des- 
patch, I  perceive,  that  although 
the  necessity  of  continuing  the  In- 
surrection act,  is  repeatedly  to  be 
inferred  from  the  tenor  of  the 
facts  and  observations  stated,  I 
have  not  directly  recommended  that 
measure ;  I  request  his  mBtjeetft 
government  to  understand,  that  I 
consider  the  lenewai  of  the  Insur- 
rection act,  for  another  year,  to 
be  indispensably  requisite,  not  only 
for  the  preservation  of  tranquillity 
in  Ireland,  but  for  the  success  of 
all  those  plans  of  improvement 
which  may  be  expected,  ultimately, 
to  render  the  insurrection  act  uih 
necessary.  W. 


Substance  of  the   Returns  made  to   Parliament  on  thb 
Education  of  the  Poor  in  Ireland. 


Several  returns  were  made  to 
the  house  of  Commons,  in  the 
course  of  this  session  of  parlia- 
ment, respecting  the  means  of 
education  affordol  by  diocesan  and 
parochial  schools  in  Ireland.  The 
following  extracts  contain  a  sum- 
mary of  the  information  thus  ob- 
tained on  this  interesting  subject: — 

Diocesan  Free  Schools, — It  ap- 
pears by  the  returns,  that  there  are 
sixteen  of  those  schools  in  Ireland, 
in  which  486  scholars  are  edu- 
cated. The  amount  of  the  income 
appropriated  for  that  purpose  is 
3,39^/.  ^.  Id.     The  greater  part 


of  this  sum  is  derived  from  a  diarge 
made  upon  the  bi^iopB,  dergyi 
and  lay  impropriators,  pursuant  to 
thel2Eliis.cap.  I.  Ofthischaige 
one-third  is  on  the  bishop. 

Parochial  Schools. — The  retona 
under  this  head  are  very  imperfect 
From  some  parishes  no  returns 
have  been  made,  and  this  occun 
in  almost  every  diocese.  We  give 
the  results  as  they  occur,  uiMkr 
the  heads  of  the  separate  dioceae% 
arranged  alphabetii»lly. 

Archdiocese  of  Amia^h'^'^ln  thi* 
there  arc  79  parochial  achooLs 
giving  education  to  4,500  boys  an^ 


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57*^^ 


gtrls.  There  are  1 5  parishes  which 
have  no  school-house ;  two  parishes, 
of  which  the  numher  of  schools 
is  not  stated ;  and  eleven  parishes, 
of  which  the  numher  of  schools  is 
included  in  the  ahove;  hut  the 
numher  of  scholars  is  not  stated. 

CasheL — In  the  34  parishes  from 
which  returns  have  heen  made, 
there  are  30  schools,  containing 
1,491  children. 

Clogher  has  50  schools^  attended 
hy  ahout  2,500  children. 

Dublin  and  Glanddagh  contain 
112  schools,  parochial  and  others, 
where  gratuitous  education  is  given 
to  about  8,000  children. 

Clonferi  and  KUmacdttaeh, — In 
die  returns  from  eight  parishes  we 
find  18  schools,  -  containing  1,087 
children. 

Cork  and  Rom. — The  returns 
from  this  diocese  are  very  vague, 
and  give  no  details  of  the  state  of 
education.  The  registrar,  who 
makes  the  return,  state^-^'*  In  the 
dioceses  of  Cork  and  Ross  there 
are  74  benefices,  of  whick  six  are 
sinecures,  and  nine  small  noncures, 
without  churches  or  glebe-houses, 
the  income  of  which  are  insuffi- 
cient to  suj^ort  resident  clergy- 
men. In  these  diocenes  there  are, 
according  to  reports  made  previous 
to  visitations,  50  parish  schools 
kept  and  supported  at  the  expense 
of  the  respective  beneficiaries, 
and  probably  others  not  notified. 
It  appears,  also,  from  the  r^istry 
of  the  dioceses,  that  25  private 
schools  have  been  licensed,  many 
of  which  are  supported' by  volun- 
tary subscriptions.  There  are  in 
the  city  of  Cork  several  schools 
supported  by  charitable  donations 
and  bequests.  The  number  of 
scholars  in  the  different  schools  I 
have  no  means  of  acquiring  a 
knowledge  of/' 

Cio^ne. — In    the    58    parishes 


from  whidi  returns  are  made, 
there  are  38  schools,  containing 
altogether  1,689  scholars. 

Ucrrtf. — In  52  parishes  there 
are  48  schools,  attended  by  2,933 
scholars. 

Tkunm  and  Connor, — There  are 
34  parish  schools  in  these  dioceses, 
in  which  are  instructed  about 
2,000  children.  There  are  14 
parishes  without  any  schools,  and 
26  parishes  which  have  made  no 
returns.  Besides  the  parochial 
schools,  there  are  in  these  dioceses 
about  200  private  schools,  in  many 
of  which  a  great  number  of  the 
children  are  educated  gratis.  The 
number  of  diildren  attending  these 
vary  from  200  in  some,  to  20  in 
others. 

Dronwre  has  24  schools,  attend- 
ed by  1,578  children.  All  these, 
however,  are  not  strictly  parochiaL 
Many  of  them  are  assisted  by 
small  funds  from  the  parish,  and 
contributions  from  such  parents  of 
the  children  as  can  affo^  it.  Of 
this  class  the  number  is  but  very 
small. 

Elphin  has  66  schools,  contain- 
ing 4,180  children.  In  many  of 
these  some  of  the  children  pay 
small  sums,  varying  from  2#.  to  Ss. 
per  quarter. 

Ferns  contains  37  schools,  at- 
tended by  1,871  children. 

Kildare  has  19  schools,  giving 
instruction  to  about  1,000  chOdren. 

Killala  and  Achonry — There 
are  76  schools  returned  in  these 
dioceses,  but  they  are  not  all  paro- 
chial. Twelve  of  them  may  be 
called  parish  schools.  Twenty- 
seven  are  supported  by  Baptist  so- 
cieties. Several  receive  their  prin- 
cipal suppcort  from  grants  by  the 
London  Hibernian  School  Society^ 
and  some  are  partly  supported  by 
the  parents  of  some  of  the  chil- 
dren who  attend.     The  total  num«> 


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58*      ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1883. 


ber  of  diildren  instnicted  .in  ^ 
Mboob  is  5,827- 

KUlaloe  and  Kilfenora  have  S3 
pari^  schools,  containing  1,456 
scholars.  The  fands  fiitnn  whidi 
the  teachers  are  paid  are  princi- 
pally derived  from  a  small  contri- 
bution Inr  the  rector  of  the  parish, 
grants  nom  the  society  for  dis- 
countenancing vice,  and  in  some 
instances  by  donations  and  sub- 
scriptions, and  by  snudl  sums  paid 
by  the  parents  of  some  of  the 
dnldren. 

KiinajrehaaS^  schools,  in  which 
1,982  children  are  instructed — the 
greater  part  gratis. 

Limerick,  Ardfert  and  Aghadoe, 
oontain  15  parochial  schools,  which 
are  attended  by  about  1,200  chil- 
dren. 

Meath  has  66  schools,  containing 
about  5,000  scholars. 

Ossory  has  36  parochial  schools, 
at  which  between  4,000  and  5,000 
chiUben  attend ;  there  are,  besidea 
these,  several  which,  though  not 
parochial,  give  mtuitous  ediKa** 
tion  to  some  hundreds  of  poor  chiL*. 
<btn. 

Raphoe  has  40  schools,  attended 
by  about  2,000  children. 

IVmws.— The  return  for  tfan 
diocess  gives  six  parishes,  in  which 
^re  axe  sohoolB.  Three  of  these 
only  are  attended.  The  inhabit 
lants  of  the  others  are  chiefly 
Roman  CaUiolics,^md  prefer  to  send 
tbeir  children  to  teachers  of  their 
«wn  religious  persuasion,  rathct 
than  to  the  licensed  Protestant 
tandier  in  the  parochial  school^ 
thoogk  in  most  instances  the  lattei 
is  much  more'  qualified  to  oonunu* 
fikslieinstructikm.  . 
-  WtOetfatd  and  Lismare  have  52 
athools,  wheiie  children  are  for  the 
greater  pott  gratuitously  instruct* 
ied» '  They  aie  not,  however,  ^ 
ptttoeliiali  many  ^.  them  axe  sup- 


ported by  subacripfcioBS ;  seveni 
are  Boman  Catholic  charity-schools. 
The  total  number  of  childiea 
varies  firam  2,500  to  3,00a 
.The  funds  for  the  8U|^ort  of 
these  sdbools  are  derived  from  a 
small  contribution  by  the  lector 
(scddom  exceeding  3^  or  4Z.  a  year, 
and  in  genoral  not  more  than  fU»); 
from  small  grants  by  the  aociety 
for  discountenancing  vice^  and  the 
London  Hibernian  school  sode^; 
from  occasional  subscriptions  uaH 
donation^;  and  in  many  instances 
fiom  the  small  contributions  hy 
the,  duldien  of  such  permits  as  can 
afford  it.  The  pariw  school  ma>- 
tetisin  general  the  parish  cletk, 
for  which  last  duty  he  has  in  most 
cases  not  more  than  102.  a  year. 
He  also,  in  cases  where  the  parish 
furnishes  a  school-house,  lives  rent 
tree,  and  has  from  half  an  acre  to 
two  acres  of  ground  on. which  to 
raise  provisions  (potatoes)  for  his 
fiunily.  With  aU  these  advan- 
tages, his  income  seldom  exceeds 
30iLayear.  But  half  the  teadi^ 
in  the  schools  mentioned  in  the 
above  returns  have  not  near  that 
sum  ariang  directly  as  the  reward 
of  their  scholastic  labours.  Thir^ 
pounds  a  y«ar  are  a  considerable 
ptoperty  in  some  diMriots  in  Ire- 
land,  and  the  fortunate  possessor 
is  always  an  important,  and  ofbn 
an  eti^mbl^  penonage^ — ^in  the 
village  circle,  aye,  and  not  seldom 
in  the  more  extended  one  of  the 
smart  country  town.  According 
to  tiie  returns,  it  appears  diat 
many  of.  those  patient  drudge^ 
who  '^  teadL  the  young  idea  how 
to  shoot,"  have  not  lOL  a. year 
as  the  reward  of  their  exerdoas 
in  this  way.  Of  this,  perhapi^ 
the  rector  contributes  his  2^  and 
the  rest  is  supplied  by  the  haadm 
Hibernian  school  sociely^  or  b|r 
that  for    disearantenaaang   yioe» 


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PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS. 


59» 


The  consequence  of  this  is  obvious, 
that  the  poor  children  committed 
to  his  care  must  be  iadly  neglect- 
ed, whilst  the  teacher  is  exercising 
his  skin  in  several  other  profes- 
sions. In  those  returns,  many 
complaints  occur  against  the  con- 
duct of  the  Roman  Catholic  priests 
in  persuading  their  flodcs  to  with- 
draw the  chudren  from  those  paro- 
chial schools.  In  one  retiim  it  is 
stated,  ^^that  a  great  diminntion 
of  the  number  of  children  attend- 
ing Protestant  schools  had  taken 
place,  owing  to  the  interference 
of '  the  Roman  Cathoiic   priests. 


who,  though  every  preoautioin  is 
taken  against  any  interference  in 
the  religious  principles  of  their 
persuasion*  have  succeeded  in  with- 
drawing many  of  them  from  the 
schools.  In  the  return  from 
another  perish  in  the  parish  of 
DubHu  it  is  stated,  Uiat  "in  one 
school  120  Roman  Catholic  diil- 
dren  attended  until  the  reading  of 
the  Holy  Scriptures  was  intro- 
duced last  month."  It  is  to  be 
deeply  regretted  that  such  bigotry 
should  exist,  and  particularly 
amongst  an  oi^er  of  men,  who  from 
education- ought  to  know  better. 


Retubns  op  the  Increasb  and  Diminution  op  Salaries  in 
Public  Offices. 


By  an  act,  the  50th  George 
Srd,  c  117.  it  was  enacted,  "  that 
between  the  1st  of  February  and 
the  25th  6f  March  In  every  year, 
if  parliament  should  be  sitting 
dunng  any  part  of  such  period, 
at  if  parliament  shotdd  not  be  sit- 
ting, then' within  40  days  after  the 
commencement  of  the  sessions  of 
Parliament  in  such  year,  there 
should  be  laid  before  both  Houses 
of  Pariiainent,  an  aecount  of  every 
increase  and  diminution  which 
ifliall  have  taken  place  within  the 
preceding  year,  ending  on  the  Ist 
day  of  January,  in  the  number  of 
persons  empWed  in  all  public  of- 
fices or  departments;  or  in  the 
salaries,  emoluments,  allowances, 
and  expenses,  which  may  have 
taken  place,  or  been  paid,  granted^ 
xeceivel;  or  incurred,  for,  and  in 
respect  to,  all  officers  and  persons 
belonging  to,  or  employed  in,  or 
by,  or  in  the  service  of,  all  public 
offices  or  departments,  specifying 
the  amount  and  nature  thereof; 
•lid  distinguishing  every  xaevease 
or  diminution  in  the  amount  of  all 
allowances  or  compensatious  grant- 


ed or  allowed  as  retired  allowances 
or  superannuations,  to  any  person 
or  persons  having  held  any  office, 
place,  or  employment^  in  any  such 
public  office  tn*  department,  or  hav- 
ing been  employed  in  any  manner 
in  any  -puHic  services  under  any 
such  office  or  department;  and 
specifying  in  every  such  account 
the  time  and  length  of  service  of 
every  such  person,  and  die  amount 
of  salary  and  allowances  received 
by  such  person  immediately  pre* 
ceding  his  superannuation,  and  the 
nature  of  his  services;  and  also 
specxfyina  the  grounds  upon  which 
every  suoi  increase  or  diminudoa 
in  the  establishment  of  any  pubHe 
office  or  department,  or  any  salary, 
emolument,  allowance,  or  conupenv 
sation,  or  superannuation,  as  afoie* 
said,  shall  hove  been  made,  granted, 
or  allowed."  Pursuant  to  this  actj 
an  account,  as  above  described,  has 
been  laid  before  parliament  every 
year.  The  following  is  an  alMtraci 
of  that  presented  is  the  present 
session,  fbr  the  year  ending  <&e  S^ 
of  January,  1823  :«-^ 


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GO*       A  N  N  U  A  L  REGISTER,  1823. 


(We  give  the  several  items  without  the  odd  shillings  and  pence.) 


Treasury   (including    the   Revenue^   Irish,    and 

Commissariat  branches*  

Solicitor  of  the  Treasury • 

Privy-Council-office 

Ditto  ditto  for  Trade,  &c  

Secretary  of  State  (Home  Department) 

Ditto  (Foreign  ditto) 

Ditto  (Colonial  ditto)  

R^istrar-of-Slaves-office » 

Alien-officct • 

State-Paper-office •... 

India  Boardj: 

Commander-in-chief 's-office, 

Quartermaster-General'8-office....« «. 

Adjutant-General's-office • •... 

War-office ••• ^ 

Army  Medical  Board 

Judge  Advocate  General's  office 

Pay-office  

Ordnance-office 


Chelsea  Hospital 
Royal  Military  College 
Admiralty  § 


^  England  and  Foreign  Stations 
I  Ir^md 


Incn 


DimiBHtioo. 


£. 

£. 

ml 

4,979 

6 

450 

83 

557 

2,447 

nU 

640 

952 

14!2 

2,234 

nU 

4S1 

nil 

40 

50 

nil 

nil 

iGi 

4,170 

nil 

56 

21 

57 

nil 

181 

205 

4,972 

8,764 

30 

nil 

nil 

300 

986 

1,238 

oil 

2,635 

nil 

121 

nil 

646 

43 

nil 

nU 

2,930 

*  Of  the  persoDH  reduced  in  thU  department,  twenty  six  have  been  from  tLe 
Commiaaariat  branch. 

t  The  increase  in  this  office  is  thus  explained  in  the  return :— "  This  increve 
arises  from  the  appointment  of  a  ^cial  agent  at  the  port  of  London,  for  the  aoetm- 
madaiion  of  alien  passengers  on  board  the  steam- vessels.''  The  aceammodatim  of 
alien  passengers !  Many  of  the  alien  passengers,  would  be  very  glad  to  dispense 
with  the  atteniiotu  of  this  special  agent. 

X  The  sum  saved  last  year  in  this  board  was  \^330L,  **  by  the  abolition  of  tbe 
office  of  precis«writer ;  by  the  discontinuance  of  one  messenger,  and  by  reductions 
and  suspensions  ofsalariea  of  some  of  the  clerks:"  but  this  was  overbalanced  by 
Uie  assignment  of  a  salary  to  the  president,  by  his  migesty's  warrant  of  25th  of 
February,  1822  j  and  by  an  increase  on  account  of  length  of  8er\'ice,  lo  the  salaiies 
of  the  secretary  and  some  of  the  clerks.    These,  together,  made  an  increase  of 

4  The  saving,  for  which  we  must  give  ministers  any  credit,  is,  in  this  depart- 
ment, not  more  than  630/.  per  annum,  of  which  290/.  is  by  reduction  in  the 
establishment  from  April  12th,  1822 ;  and  340/.  from  saUuries  at  leas  rates  being 
allowed  to  the  clerks  appointed  to  fill  up  the  vacancies  occasioned  by  the  appoint^ 
ment  of  a  clerk  of  the  first  class  of  the  secretary  to  the  Victualling  Board.  From 
the  2,930/.  abovementioned,  we  muse  deduct  2,000/.,  the  salaries  of  the  two  Admi- 
ralty lords,  whom  the  House  of  Commons,  voted  usekMS :  and  ahto  of  300/.,  the 
wary  of  secretary  to  the  first  lord  of  the  Admiralty,  the  gcptleman  holding  the 
situation  having  declined  to  iicceivo  it. 


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PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS. 


m^ 


{Qmiimed.) 
Navy^ffice  (Foreign  Establishment  for  1821)...., 

£  1  Navy-office 

Navy  .  2  Dock-yards  (by  superannuations) 

i  3  Navy  Pay-office 

Victualling-office* 

Victualling-yards  and  Medical  Establishments  . 

Tax-office  

r^    i.        fEnglandt 

^•"""^  isc^land   ^ 

Excise  (England)t 

Ditto  (Scotland)    , 

Post-office  i  •. 

Stamp-office  § 

Mint-office 

Audit-office  

Ditto  (Colonial)  - 

Office  (^Comptroller  of  Army  Accounts , 

National  Debt-office 

Lottery-office .' 

Hackney  Coaches,  Hawkers,  Sec  office  .... 

Office  dT  Auditor  of  the  Receipt  of  the  Exchequer 

Tellers'-office 

Tally-office 

Exchequer  Bill-office 

Stationery-office..  ••• ••••,•... 

Woods,  Forests,  and  Land  Revenue-office   

Receiver's  office  (Isle  of  Man) .., 

Hanaper-office 

Barons  of  the  Exchequer  (Scotland) 

The  Jury  Court  (Scotland)   

The  Court  of  Session  (Scotland) 

Hawkers'  and  Pedlars'-office  (Scotland) 


£. 

£. 

nU 

584 

16,191 

205 

15,778 

55,287 

1,848 

nil 

10,702 

nil 

nU 

3,296 

5,074 

15,085 

25,479 

9.916 

1,311 

3,628 

2,059 

6,652 

1,540 

3,782 

767 

1,687 

nil 

10,411 

95 

nil 

2,122 

6,S56 

25 

40 

918 

nil 

779 

nU 

lul 

343 

nil 

1,232 

1,600 

2,300 

91 

nil 

nil 

575 

196 

nil 

17 

658 

398 

nil 

100 

nU 

nil 

400 

300 

nil 

nil 

202 

887 

nil 

nn 

21 

•  The  increase  in  this  department  proceeds  from  allowances  to  officers  retired 
on  the  reduction  of  the  victualling  establishments  in  several  dock-yards :  the 
sum  saved  thereby  is  not  stated. 

t  The  actual  increase  in  the  number  of  persons  emploved  in  the  cnstoms  in 
the  last  year  was  ^13;  the  actual  decrease,  389;  the  oifierence  is  134.  In  the 
increase  are  included  345  officers  and  men  belonging  to  seven  cruisers,  formerly 
paid  by  the  Excise,  and  transfered  to  the  Customs  in  the  last  vear ;  and  Uie-  re- 
mainder, with  the  exception  of  26,  consists  of  persons  added  to  tne  preventive  coast 
guard .  In  the  increase  in  salaries  and  emoluments  also  are  inclnaed,  the  salaries 
and  allowances  of  the  cutters  so  transferred,  amounting  to  14,463/.  St.  3d. 

%  The  diminDtion  in  this  department  is  explained  by  the  preceding  note. 

H  The  increase  in  the  number  of  persons  is  15  letter-carriers  and  three  super- 
numeraries in  the  two-penny  post  department,  ^'rendered  necessary,"  it  is  stated, 
**  by  the  increase  of  buildings  in  and  round  the  metropolis." 

§  The  diminution  in  this  department  proceeds  partly  from  the  reduction  of 
koroe  officers,  partly  from  the  reduction  of  uie  salaries  of  otliers^  but  chiefly  by  the 


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«2^        ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1933. 


The  foUowing  public  depart- 
ments are  returned  aa  having  had 
neither  increase  nor  diminution  in 
the  course  of  the  year.  The 
office  for  Militanr  Boards;  the 
Chaplain  Genexsl't  office;  the 
BojrBl  Military  Asylum ;  the  Royal 
Marine-Pay-office>  the.  Pells,  office ; 
Auditor^s  -of -Land-Revenue-officey 
(for  Eng^d  and  Wales);.  Alien- 
ation-office ;  Remembrancer-of- 
First-Fruits-office ;  Receiyer-of- 
Furst-Fruita-office ;  Receiyernof- 
Tenths'-office;  Signet-office;  Friyy- 
Seal-office ;  High  Court  of  Justici- 
ary (Scotland);  Hi^  Court  of 
Admiralty  (Scotland)  ;^and.the  Su- 
preme Consisterial  Court  of  Scot- 
land. The  fact  of  an  increase  and 
diminution  of  expense  in  the  same 
office/as  compared  with  the  preced- 
ing year^  is  thus  accounted  for.  In 
some  officesj  the  salaries  haye  been 
reduced^  while  the  allow^oiices  and 
contingent  expenses  are  incre^sed^ 
andt>»cever^  The  general  nature 
of  the  increase  and  mminutions  in 
the  agere^te  will  be  seen  from 
the  fdSowin^  abstract; — ^the  in- 
crease in  &e  number,  of  persons 
employed  in  'Afi  departments  above 
named^  is  151— Kif  these,  124  are 
in  the  Customs  (England);  18  in 
the  Post*office;  4  m  the  Priyy- 
XknuMil-office  for  Trade,  Sec* ;  and 
2  in  the  National-Debt-offioe;  the 
'Alien-office;  Victuallii^-office^and 
the  Receiyers-office  (I^  of  Man) 
have  had  an  increase  ei  one  each. 
The  diminution  in  the  number  ^f 
persons  employed  amounts  to  793. 
Of  these,  there  a?e  frgm  the  Dock- 
yards^   3x6;    from    the    Excise 


(Knglmd),  9M;  from  the  Ixdtf 
(Scotland),  29;  from  ihe  OuUns 
(Scotland),  62 ;  from  tiieTreasuiy 
(including  the  revenue,  Iri^  aod 
Commissariat  branches),  28 ;  from 
the  War-office,  22;  frmn  the  Au- 
dit-office, 26;  from  the  Ordinance 
department  (English,  Irish,  and 
Foreign  stations),  16;  from  Chd- 
searhospital*  7;  fr«n  die  Stamp 
and  Hadaiey-coach  offices,  fire 
each;  from  the  Piivy-Ccundl- 
office,  from  that  of  the  Anditoref 
the  receipts  of  the  Exchequer,  aod 
from  the  Admiralty,  three  eadi; 
from  the  Tax-office,  13 ;  from  the 
India  Board,  2.  In  die  Foxeigii- 
office,  the  Navy-PayM^ice,  the 
Judge- Advocate-General's-offiee, 
the  Pay-office,  and  the  office  df 
Comptroller  of  Army  aooounis, 
one  each.  The  increase  under  the 
head  of  salaries  is  10,865t  Is.  Sd. 
emoluments,  12,744^  5s^  Sd* 
allowances,  47^619^  &.  8^^^ 
expenoes,  15,108L ;  supeianim- 
ation  in  the  Dock-yards,  15,778^ 
&.  Si.  The  diminutions  under 
the  same  heads  is  thus  givoi: 
salaries,  .1S3,9&6/.;  emdumenlB, 
579^  4£.  Id.;  allowances,  A^filH 
9m.  8<f.;  expenses,  10,001iL  9r.  8i. 
Total  increase^  102,115^.  Total 
dimunition,  149,44(3/.  14^.  Ex- 
cess of  dimunition  ahgve.inczease, 
47,351/.  11^.  Besides  this,  there 
will  be  a. further  saving  in  tfae 
course  of  this  year  in  the  aevenl 
reductions  included  in  the  aboire; 
very  many  of  them  are  dated  as 
late  as  Augn^  and  Septanher, 
1822,  up  to  which  the  parties  in 
possession  ^ceived  their  full  pay. 


rediictiori  of  the  poundtige  flxmi  4  per  c«^  altowed  to  thcrdistritatert  of  stamps  in 
England,  and  at  Glasgow,  o»  all  saint  above  10,900/.  remitted  by  them  respec- 
tively. The  seale  of  poundage  is.  now  regulated  as  follows :— Pursuant  to  a  tret- 
surv  minute,  dated  March  5, 1822,  for  every  sum  a^r  the  firac  10,000/.  and  under 

,20,000/.,  3  per  cent. :  for  every  sum  above  20,000/.  and  under  30,000/.,  24  per 
cent.,  for  every  sum  above  30,000/.,  2  per  cent    The  saving  effected  last  year  by 

Hhis  reduction  was  9,437/.  15*.  Id.  .  • 


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PUB;LIC  DOeUMBNTS.        <B* 


KoiAoie  x>(  the  aavii^  ma  thore* 
Aire  appear  ia  the  preaent  aaxmnt 
than  the  diffisrence  between  the 
full  pay  and  the  letiied  allowance^ 


for  the  «ettfamder  of  the  year^  or, 
whofe  no  allowanee  was  given,  the 
amount  of  pay  saved. 


SVBSTANOB  OF  THB  RbPOBT  OP  THE  COMMITTBE  OF  THE  HoUgB 

OF  Lords  on  the  AppBiiLATs  Jurisdiction. 


The  Committee  of  the  House  of 
Lords,  i^posnted  '*  to  consider  of 
the  best  means  of  facilitating  the 
administration  of  justiee,  as  con- 
nected with  the  hearmg  of  aj^yeals, 
writs  of  error,  and  oSier  judicial 
proceedings/'  itfter  having  consult- 
ed the  variousretums  respecting  the 
tesinessbefbre  the  House  of  Lords, 
the  appeals!^  Sec  disposed  of,  and 
.^oseremianing  undisposed  of,  have 
•made  a  report,  in  which  they  state, 
that  they  moeeded  to  consider — 

First — The  causes  which  ap- 
peared to  have  produced  the  accu- 
mulation of  judicial  business  now 
depending  before  the  House  of 
Lords. 

Secondly — ^The  best  means  of 
preventing  its  future  growth ;  and 

Thirdly — The  urgent  necessity 
of  disposing  of  the  present  arrears. 

On  the  mtheadof  inquiry — ^the 
"  Causes"  of  the  increase  of  business 
-— --their  lordships  say, 

'^  Amongst  the  various  causes 
-which  have  produced  the  present  ac- 
cumulation of  business,  it  isappa- 
seat,  upon  the  aeoounts  i^erred  to 
the  committee,  that  the  great  num- 
he!r?oi  appeals  •Smn  Scotland  is  the 
aostprominent;  these  beingat  this 
time  151  Seoteh  appeals  out  of  the 
total  number  of  225  appeals  re- 
maining unheard,  which,  accord- 
ing to  ^  a^er^i^  number  annudly 
'h^urd  uponrthxee  days  in  the  wedc 
during  each'  session  nnce  1813, 
eoold  not  be  dis|[»osed  of  in  five 
-years  from  this  time,  exclusive  of 
the  ^kdditional  number  of  appeals 


which  may  be  pres^ited  annually 
during  the  same  period ;  and  it  is 
to  be  remarkedi  that  the  appeab 
from  Scotland  are  not  only  mofe 
numerous  than  other  appeds,  but 
that  they  generally  occupy  a  much 
larger  portion  of  the  time  of  the 
house. 

^'  Irdland  also  has  fumidbed  a 
coDsideraUe  accession  to  the  ge- 
neral mass  of  business  in  the 
supreme  court  of  ^opeal. 

''  And  in  England,  the  increased 
business  of  the  court  of  Chancery, 
.in  which  the  property  of  the 
suitors  has,  within  the  course  of 
the  last  reign,risenfrom  4,700,0004 
to  above  dS,000,0004  steriing,  has 
not  only  increased  of  necessity  the 
number  of  appeals,  but  has  also 
Occupied  so  much  larger  a  portion 
of  the  time  and  labour  of  the  loKd 
chancellor  in  his  own  Court,  as  to 
preclude  him  from  bestowing  an 
adequate  d^ree  of  attendimoe  fiir 
the  decision  of  all  the  appals 
whidi  come  from  England,  Scot- 
land, and  Ireland,  to  the  House 
of  Lords." 

On  thesecond  head  of  Inquiry-— 
thebest  means  a£  preventing  the  fu« 
tureerowth  of  the  business — ^their 
lordwipsreport^that^with  respect  to 
Scodand^  acocnding  to  the  most 
4»mpetent  authorities  on  such  sub- 
jects, many  impcovements  in  the 
£irms  and  modes  of  conducti^iff 
suits  mi^t  be  there  introduoed 
with  great  benefit  to  the  saitowt 
and  to  the  general  admimstrfttlon 
of  justice.      First,  the  forms  of 


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64* 


ANNUAL  REGIS'TER,   1)593. 


proceeding  and  pleading,  their 
lordships  suggest,  might)  be  so 
altered  as  to  brmg  the  matters  in 
controversy  to  more  simple  and 
precise  issues  of  law  and  fact ;  that 
matters  of  fact  might  be  referred 
more  extensively  to  the  Jury 
Court ;  that  resort  to  a  jury  mi^ht 
be  had  with  advantage  in  the  in- 
ferior Courtis;  and  that  by  sepa^ 
rating  the  decision  of  fact  as  much 
as  possible  from  the  mere  matter  of 
law,  the  appeal  might  finally  be 
reduced  to  a"  question  of  how  the 
law  should  be  applied  to  previously 
ascertained  fects.  Secondly,  that 
an  intermediate  Court  of  Appeal 
might  be  usefully  established  in 
Scodand,  without  any  material  in- 
crease of  delay  or  expense  to  the 
parties ;  by  laying  aside  the  present 
mode  of  reclaiming  petition  to  that 
division  of  the  Court  of  Session 
with  whose  decision  the  party  is 
dissatisfied,  and  by  giving  the 
appeal  ft&m  one  division  to  the 
other ;  or  by  dividing  the  Court  of 
Session  into  three  divisions,  and 
giving  the  appeal  to  the  two  di- 
visions who  have  not  pronounced 
oA  the  first  hearing  ;  or  by  giving 
an  appeal  to  the  whole  Court  of 
Session  sitting  together;  the  de- 
cision to  be  vested  m  a  majority  of 
the  whole  number.  Thirmy,  that 
it  might  be  expedient  to  make  the 
decisions  of  the  Court  of  Session 
final  in  some  cases.  Thus,  that 
ecclesiastical  or  consistorial  causes 
might  be  left  to  their  absolute  and 
final  determination  in  Scotland. 
Whether  any  bankruptcy  cases 
should  be  left  to  the  final  decision 
of  the  Court  of  Session  may  de- 
serve further  consideration;  and 
also,  whether  the  Admiralty  juris- 
diction in  matters  of  prize  might 
riot  be  vested  exclusively  in  the 
High  Court  of  Admiralty  in 
England.     Fourthly,  it  has  been 


suggested,  moreover,  that  the  pro- 
ce^ngs  upon  appedls  would  be 
more  properly  'conducted,  with  t 
view  to  the  true  merits  of  each 
case,  if  the  ori^al  papers,  printed 
on  both  sides  for  the  Court  of 
Session,  were  lodged  with  each 
appeal,  and  re-printed  for  the  use 
of  the  House  of  Lords,  instead  of 
the  new  statements  or  cases,  fre- 
quently  containing  new  matter, 
which  are  now  printed  and  de- 
livered upon  the  hearing  of  eadi 
appeal  And  fifthly,  their  lord- 
ships state,  that  some  declaratory 
acts  might  "be  passed. 

"  Some  branches  of  the  bunneo 
transacted  in  the  Court  of  Chan- 
cery, it  is  conceived,  could  not  life 
removed  from  it  without  great  de- 
triment to  the  public ;  whilst  otheis 
might  be  benefidally  transferred  to 
other  courts  or  judges. — 1 .  Of  the 
first  sort  are  matters  of  lunacr. 
These  employ  occasionally  very 
considerable  portions  of  the  Chan- 
cellor's time  of  attendance  in  this 
court;  they  are  not  matters  in 
which  the  Chancellor,  as  such,  h^ 
jurisdiction ;  but  are  comimitted 
to  him  by  a  special  commission,  or 
warrant  from  the  crown,  which 
may  be  given  to  any  other  persoii. 
The  lor£  chancellors,  have,  how^ 
ever,  been  intrusted,  for  a  very 
long  series  of  years,  with  the  cart 
of  idiots,  lunatics,  and  persons  of 
unsound  mind,  exercising  on  behalf 
of  the  king,  as  parens  patria,  thj 
duty  of  taking  care  of  those  who 
are  unable  to  take  care  of  therti^ 
selves ;  and  the  Committee  thifiE^ 
that  although  this  duty  mi^i 
-according  to  law,  be  intrusted  ^ 
others,  uie  discharge  of  it  lOudA 
not  to  be  withdrawn  from  U»e 
Chancellors,  who,  in  their  courts 
have  long  administered  the  affairs 
and  property  of  such  persons  ac^ 
cording  to  settled  rules  and  doo- 


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PUBLIC   DOCUMENTS.         ffS* 


tBnes,  .and  wiih  establuliineittB  of 
officers  neoeasary  for  the  Jespatdi 
of  buiiness,  and  the  security  and 
iiwnrovement  of  the  proper^  of 
aucb  persons. 

•  ''  Amongst  the  measores  which 
it  mi^  be  most  expedient  to  ack^t 
for  relieving  the  lord  chancellor 
£rom  some  of  the  business  of  the 
Court  of  Chancery,  are  the  fol- 
lowing:— 1st  Matters  arisinflr  out 
of  the  execution  of  local  and  pri- 
yate  acts  of  Parliament,  to  be  re- 
ferred to  the  'Court  of  Ex- 
diequer/  instead  of  the  'Court 
of  Chancery.'  Sndly.  Gases  on 
writs  of  error  to  be  referred  to  die 
Courts  in  Westminster-hall,  where 
the  lord  chancellor  deemed  it  rea^ 
aooaUe  so  to  do.  3rdly.  As  to 
answers  and  references  to  the 
Masters.  And  4thly,  A  revision 
of  the  orders,  &c*,  connected  with 
the  pracdoe  of  the  court." 

As  to  the  moist  urgent  part  of 
the  matters  referred,  their  lord- 
ships state,  on  the  subject  of 
diiqposing  of  the  present  arrears, 
that  none  of  those  measures  whidi 
have  occurred  to  the  committee  can 
be  adopted  without  many  great 
inconveniendes.  "  Any  such  mea- 
sure," (observed  their  lordships) 
''  must  necessarily  have  something 
of  novcdty  in  its  character:  but, 
being  intended  for  obviating  a  tem- 
porary difficulty,  it  may  te  hoped 
ihat  It  will  be  only  of  tcmporaiy 
duration:  yet  even  in  this  view,  it 
aeems  to  be  desirable  that  it  should 
aocord  as  modi  as  possible  with 
^ttablahed  forms,  and  afford  to  the 
juitor  as  nearly  as  posdble,  the 
{ssane  tribunal  as  that  to  whu^  h^ 
eoBsiddred  himself  to  have  brought 
his  amieal ;  or  he  may  have  just 
ground  for  complaint,  diat  the  ex^ 
qpectatbn  on  which  he  appealed  has 
been  defeated. 

-    '*  The  appeals  from  aU  parts  of 
Vol.  LXyT 


the  united  kingdom,  rince  their 
respective  dates  of  union,  have 
been  to  England,  and  it  seems, 
therefore,  unSdvisable  to  send  their 
adjudLcaticm  to  any  tribunal  con^ 
stnut^  elsewhere;  and  the  ap- 
peals from  Scotland,  which  are  by 
far  the  largest  number,  and  give 
theprindpiu  occasion  for  any  new 
measure  of  this  sort,  would  not,  is 
the  Committee  are  informed,  be 
decided  any  where,  so  much  to  the 
satisfaction  of  the  parties  as  in 
Engknd  and  in  the  House  of 
Lords. 

''  If  in  the  House  of  Lords,  the 
hearing  must  be  either  in  a  Com- 
mittee of  the  House,  or  in  the 
whole  House.— »To  the  proceeding 
on  such  matters  in  a  Committee, 
it  has  been  conridered  as  an  insu^ 
mountable  objection,  that  the  re- 
port of  the  committee  cannot  bind 
the  House;  and  if  the  whole  mat- 
ter is  still  to  be  open  to  the  House 
upon  the  rc^Knrt,  no  final  adjudica- 
tion is  obtained  by  this  sort  of  tri- 
bunal. It  remains  that  appeals 
must  be  heard  in  the  whole  House. 
The  object,  therefore  of  the  con^ 
mittae  has  been  to  provide  some 
means  of  hearing  appods,  by  which 
the  constant  and  regular  attend- 
ance of  the  lord  chancellor  may  be 
dispensed  with :  and  for  this  pur- 
pose, it  is  submitted  that  it  may 
be  so  arranged,  that  a  Speaker  ap- 
pointed by  royal  commission> 
diould  predde  in  the  House,  as 
aocordine  to  the  law  of  parliament, 
be  occasionally  does  preade  now  in 
the  lord  chancellor's  absence. 

"  Such  Speaker,  althou^  not  a 
lord  of  ParlWent,  to  have  liberty 
*to  dedai^  his  opinion  upon  the 
base,  and  the  reasons  upon  which 
it  is  founded,  before  the  question 
is  put,  as  to  what  the  judgment  oT 
the  house  shall  be:  respecting 
which  it  may  ba  important  to  r»« 
E* 


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66*      ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1823. 


niarlE^  that,  aeoordiag  to  tke  pre* 
sent  standing  orders  of  the  House 
ofLords^  thejudgegy  and  such  of 
his  majest/s  privy  council  as  are 
celled  by  writ  to  attend^  may  speak 
and  deliyer  their  opinion^  if  re- 
quired and  admitted  so  to  do  by  the 
House. 

"  It  is  ezpedient>  also^  that  pro- 
vision be  made  for  obtaining  the 
epinion  of  the  Court  of  Session  in 
Scotland  upon  any  questions  of 
law  which  it  may  be  thought  pro* 
per  to  send  for  the  opinion  of  that 
court ;  such  questions,  and  the  an* 
swers  thereto,  to  be  entered  on  the 
Journals  of  the  House.  The  an- 
swer of  the  Court  of  Session  if 
unanimous,  to  be  given  by  the  lord 
president^  with  the  reasons  upon 
which  the  same  is  founded ;  and 
in  case  of  any  difference  of  opinion 
amongst  the  judges,  the  answers 
of  etu^  to  be  eivea  seporatdy, 
with  the  reasons  for  the  same,  and 
transmitted  through  the  lord  pr&4 
sident." 

After  some  su^s^stions  as  to  se* 
curing  the  attei^mce  during  five 
or  six  days  in  the  week,  of  four 
peers,  from  ten  till  four  o'doek, 


tlieir  lordflhi^  llms  eioodade  ihar 
report:— 

"  These  statements  and  obser- 
vations comprehend  all  the  majfcten 
which  the  committee  havethoi^fl^ 
it  necessary  at  this  time  to  lay  be- 
fore the  House  for  its  ooosiden- 
tion.  They  are  fully  aware  of  the 
magnitude,  importance,  and  diffi- 
culty, of  the  various  questions  into 
which  they  have  found  it  to  be 
their  duty  to  enter;  and  they  sub- 
mit  to  the  wisdom  of  the  House, 
that  whatever  may  be  the  measores 
fi«dly  required  te  pre^entiDg  tto 
future  accumulation  of  appeao, 
the  further  con&derBtion  a£  aD 
such  measures  should  be  dofened 
until  after  such  a  oaBunission  as 
above  proposed  shall  have  made  its 
report;  1^  so  fiar  as  rtgaris  die 
present  arrears,  tibe  Commifttee 
have  np  hesitatioiDi  in  pnssiiig 
upon  the  House  the  immfdiatu 
necessity  of  jproviding  some  ade- 
quate means  tor  reHevng  the  psr- 
ties, .  whose  causes  are  now  barara 
it,  from  the  heavy  grievanoe  wback 
they  are  enduring  by  the  present 
d^y  and  interrupticm  of  justice*' 


EvtDENCB  iON  YHB  StATB  QP  THB  PuBLIC  RSCOBBB. 


A  Committee  of  the  House  of 
Commons,  was  i^ppointed  to  m* 
quire  into  the  present  mode  of  en- 
grossii^  bills,  with  the  view  of  as? 
eertaiiniiig  whether  it  was  suseep^ 
tiUe  of  any  alterations  with  ad- 
vanta^  to  the  public  sen^.  The 
following  is  a  sumnaiy  of  the  evi- 
dence on  this  subject : 

ThebOlaof  the  Bouse  of  Com- 
mdus  are  at  present  engrossed  on 
parchment,  and  tied  up  in*  the  form 
of  rolls,  which  has  been  the  mrao- 
tioe  from  before  the  timec^  Henry 
•th   down   to   the  prjesent  cby. 


Many  separate  skins  rfpardisKDt, 
called  presses,  which  are  stitdwd 
toiiether,  are  required  to  fbm  a 
biu.  Eadi  press  measures  fi7 
inches  by  12  inches  (whidi  hss 
been  their  sise  for  about  260 
years),  and  contains  40  lines,  con- 
posed  of  about  25  letters  eac^ 
wbiotk  makes  about  1,000  ktten 
in  the  ddn.  The  cost  of- every 
press  to  the  public  is  aboot  H.,  in- 
^uding  the  labour  of  the  daks. 
'The  number  of  engrossing  daks 
depends  on  the  quantity  or  bwr 
new  to  be  done,  and  thetfaneal- 


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PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS.         67» 


lowiedfiMr  itgperfonnaiice.  Some* 
limes  fifty  clerks  are  employed, 
and  they  sit  up  all  night.  It  was 
stated,  that  there  was  no  difficulty 
in  getting  engrossing  hands  in 
Liondon.  The'  different  presses 
whieh  compose  a  bill  are  stitched 
together  by  fui  old  woman  and  her 
drafters,  who  have  been  employ- 
ed ftir  many  years  by  the  House. 
In  order  to  prevent  any  additional 
sheets  being  furtively  introduced 
into  a  bin,  the  number  of  presses 
in  the  roll  areezamined  by  the  clerk 
of  the  engrossments  in  Uie  House 
of  Lords  by  the  House  bilL  Of 
the  pobHc  statutes^  and  the  local 
and  perscmal  acts,  and  all  acts  hav- 
ing' evidence  clauses,  which  make 
them  (being  printed  by  the  king's 
firinter)  evidence  in  courts  of  jus- 
tice, a  copy  is  made  in  the  eourt- 
Isnd  for  chancery,  which  is  en- 
voJled  in  the  Rolls-chapel,  Chan- 
cery-lane. The  first  record  in  the 
ttoUs-ebapel  which  come  from  the 
parliament-house,  is.  supposed  to  be 
the  date  of  Richard  2nd,  and  is 
also  written  in  the  old  court-hand, 
which  has  continued  to  be  used  in 
the  records  deposited  in  Chancery 
down  to  the  present  day.  The 
copy  deposited  in  the  Rolls-office 
is  copied  from  the  printed  bill, 
which  is  first  compared  with  the 
odgaal  roll ;  but  the  two  rolls  are 
never  compared  toge^ec  The 
last  engrossed  dociunent  which 
goes  on  from  the  House  of  Com- 
inons  to  the  House  of  Lords  (the 
one  from  which  the  printed  copy 
is  taken)  is  kept  in  the  Parliament 
office.  It  is  to  this,  or  to  the  copy 
in  the  Rolls-office,  that  courts  and 
judges  would  refer,  ilT  the  printed 
copy  ci  a  biU  app^u:ed  to  contain 
am  error.  It  is,  however,  extremely 
rare  that  reference  is  made  to  these 
documents.  A  derk  in  the  en- 
groning  office   stated*    that    the 


hasest  bill  whask  had  evtx  come 
unSer  his  observation,  was  the 
land-tax  bill,,  which  contained 
about  six  hundred  {Hisses,  and  was 
nine  htmdred  feet  in  length,  and 
would  occupy  about  two  hours  in 
being  tmrolJed  !  The  committee 
put  some  questions  to  ascertain, 
whether  the  conmion  round  hand 
might  not  be  employed,  instead  of 
the  engrossing  nand,  in  writing 
records.  All  the  witnesses  who 
were  examiQed  on  this  point  were 
unanimous  in  giving  the  preference 
to  the  engrossing  hand.  It  was 
said  to  be  written  much  faster  than 
the  common  hand- 
Sir  Thomas  Edlyne  Tomlins, 
the  parliamentary  counsel  to  the 
Treasury,  said,  **  I  have  always 
found  thie  old^t  hands  the  most 
l^ble;  the  court-hand,  which 
was  the  original  hand  for  records;, 
wa^  perhaps,  the  handsomest  hand 
that  ever  was  written :  the  present 
engrossing  hand  results  from  the 
court-hand;  from  a  continued  ex- 
perience in  consulting  acts  of  par* 
liament  and  records,  I  find  it  more 
easy  to  read  the  engrossing  or  the 
court-hand  than  any  other  written 
hand  whatever."  Mr.  Gunnell,  a 
derk  in  the  engrossing  office,  gave 
the  following  evidence  req>ecting 
the  mode  cw  engrossing  r — "  In 
engrossing  on  parc£ment,  we  make 
use  of  a  very  strong  quill,  a  turkey 
quill ;  that  is  the  only  one  found 
to  answer ;  it  is  cut  with  a  broad 
point,  and  we  have  not  to  lean 
hard  to  form  the  substance  of 
the  letter ;  but  from  the  breadth 
of  the  p^i,  it  makes  it  as  it 
goes  on.  If  we  were  to  write 
the  common  round-hand,  we 
should  be  obliged  to  make  use  of 
the  small  quil£,  because  it  would 
'require  greater  elastidty,  and 
consequently  would  press  upon 
the  parchm^it ;  the  pea  on  ac- 
E*2 


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«8«      ANNUAL  REGISTER.   1823. 


count  of  the  xou^  natore  of  die 
pardiment;  woula  require  nibfau^ 
every  two  or  three  nunuteB,  which 
would  he  attended  with  great 
troiihle  and  loss  of  tim^"  The 
following  evidence  of  Mr.  Hewlett, 
a  secondary  of  the  court  of  Com- 
mon PleaSy  reelecting  the  writins 
of  the  records  of  that  court  and 
the  court  of  King^s-hench,  is  ex- 
tremely important^  and  calls  for 
the  interference  of  the  poper 
authorities  to  put  a  3tqp  to  the  had 
practice  which  has  lately  obtained 
ih^re :— ."  The  records  of  the 
Kinfif  8-hench  and  Common  Pleas 
are  kept  in  a  wretched  hand^  for 
within  the  last  twenty  or  thirty 
years  a  mercantile  hand  has  got 
into  use^  instead  of  the  old  himd 
which  used  to  be  employed  by  all 
pofessional  men ;  and  I  do  really 
believe  that  some  of  the  writing 
in  Westminster-hall  now,  which 
has  not  been  there  twenty  years, 
is  not  legible.  •  •  ♦  Mr.  Jus^ 
ticie  Bla<£stone  prophesied  truly, 
that  when  the  court-hand  was  left 
off  diere  would  be  such  illiterate 
persons  introduced  intQ  the  pro- 
fession that  the  records  would  not 
be  legible;  and  so  it  is  now." 
Mr.  Bailey,  the  clerk  of  the  record- 
office  in  the  Tower,  was  of  opinion 
that  the  common  Enslish  hand 
would  not  be  good  for  writing 
rpoords,  but  he  Uioufl^t  the  hand 
wHdi  was  used  in  Chancery  about 
the  time  of  Henry  6th  and  Ed- 
ward 4th  was  preferable  to  the  en- 
gnMping-hand.  Mr.  Cohen,  a  sub- 
oommisnoner  for  the  publication  of 
the  parliamentary  records^  gave 
some  interesting  evidence  on  this 
subject,  of  which  the  following  is 
an  extract : — ''  It  has  always  hap- 
pened that  legal  hands  have  been 
somewhat  ol£r  than  the  himds  d[ 
the  time.  What  we  call  theandent 
Gothic  hand,  in  which  the  recorda 


are  written  with  varions  abbievw 
ations,  is,  in  fact,  derived  from  die . 
Roman  notarial  hand,  and  is  much 
older  in  point  of  origin  than  the 
records  themselves;  and  there  is 
always  a  marked*  distinction  be- 
tween legal  hands  and  what  may  be 
called  monastic  hands.  There  may 
be  some  confusion  now  and  then, 
for  many  churchmen  were  lawyers; 
but  still  there  is  always  a  distinc- 
tion between  records  and  documents 
which  may  be  supposed  to  have 
been  written  in  a  monastery  for 
common  readers.  Lawyers,  accus- 
toming themselves  to  precedent, 
copy  the  forms  immediately  before 
them,  rather  than  come  down  into 
their  own  time;  but  there  is  a 
certain  d^pree  of  advantage  result- 
ing from  this  practice:  a  very 
slight  difficult  will  dispose  the 
lawyer  to  consult  the  record  itself; 
consequently  every  habit  whidi 
tends  to  make  lum  acquainted 
with  the  hand-writing  of  pre- 
ceding times,  will  facilitate  his  re- 
ference to  the  records  of  preceding 
times."  In  another  part  of  his 
evidence,  the  same  gentleman  ob- 
serves— ''I  have  never  seen  the 
enrolments  in  the  Rolls-office,  but 
I  should  concur  in  the  opinion 
which  Mr.  BaOey  has  given  in 
favour  of  a  hand- writing  approx- 
imating to  that  introduced  in  the 
reign  of  Edward  4th,  which  is 
very  cUstihct  from  any  preoedyig 
hand^  or  any  in  subsequent  tudjbs. 
A  manuscript  journal  of  the  pct^ 
ceedings  of  the  House  of  Commons, 
in  the  common  English  hand,  has 
been  kept,  without  interruption, 
from  the  reign  'of  Edward  6th. 
These  manuscript  journals  are 
copied  by  the  clerks  during  the 
vacation,  and  is  represented  to  be 
of  use  in  making  them  acquainted 
with  the  business  of  the  house, 
and    keeping    up     their    hands» 


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PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS. 


69* 


During  tlie  wemon,  iiiey  must 
write  a  good  deal«  with  great  ex- 
pedition ;  the  copying  of  the  jour- 
nals during  the  vacation  tends  to 
restore  the  regularity  of  their 
style^  and  puts  about  20/^  or  SOL 
in  the  pockets  of  each  of  them. 
The  committee  also  received  evi- 
dence as  to  the  best  mode  of  pre- 
serving the  records^  upon  which 
point  the  witnesses  were  divided 
in  their  opinions,  some  thinkinff 
that  they  would  be  best  preserved 
in  the  form  of  roUs^  and  others  in 
that  of  books. 

Mr.  David  Jones,  chief  engross- 
ing derk  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons^  thought  that  the  best  mode 
of  preserving  records,  was  in  roUs, 
because  they  were  less  likely  to  be 
injured  than  any  thing  having 
abrp  edges.  The  leaves  of  parch- 
ment pucker  upon  every  change 
of  weather,  wmdi  would,  in  ms 
opinion,  cause  great  injury  in 
books. 

Mr.  Strachan,  a  derk  in  Che 
Chancery  Rolls-office,  being  asked 
whether  he  saw  any  reason  why 
parchments  in  plain  books  little 
handled,  would  not  be  as  eood  a 
record  as  in  rolls,  replied,  ''I 
diould  think  that  in  the  way  we 
roU  them  up,  they  are  better  preser- 
ved; they  are  rolled  up  so  very  tight 
ibat  no  air  can  get  into  them.  If 
tSiey  were  in  iMoks,  it  is  likely 
thai  the  sir  would  penetrate,  and 
books  would  take  up  almost  as 
mudi  room  as  rolls.'^  It  will  be 
seen  that  these  two  gentlemen 
consider  the  exdusion  of  air  an 
advantage ;  it  is  therefore  a  little 
surpridn^  to  find  Mr.  Hewlett,  to 
whose  evidence  we  have  before  re- 
ferred, attribute  to  that  very  cir- 
xumitanoe  the  partial  decay  of 
jome  records. 

Mr.  Hewlett  says—''  The  mode 
.of  keepmg  those  records  (of  the 


Kinflf  s-bench.  Common  Pleas,  and 
£x(&quer),  and  the  manner  in 
which  they  are  bound  together, 
has,  within  my  experience,  very 
frequently  been  fmmd  to  be  fatal 
to  the  record  itself.  When  any 
damp  has  got  hold  of  a  bundle  rf 
rolls  (some  bundles  contain  2,000), 
it  has  eaten  every  roll  away ;  it  has 
formed  asort  of  crescent  in  the  rollsj 
so  that,  in  fact,  half  of  the  contents 
of  the  rolls  is  oUiterated.  If  they 
had  been  otherwise  kept  or  arrang- 
ed, so  that  they  mi^t  have  been 
opened,  and  the  air  have  had 
communication  with  them,  this 
consequence  might  not  have  hap- 
pened. Parchment  is  a  glutinous 
thing,  and  for  want  of  air,  when 
the  damp  gets  to  it,  it  actually 
becomes  ^ue."  The  records  in  the 
court  of  King's-bench,  containii^ 
the  rolls  of  the  court  upon  whi(£ 
all  the  proceedings  are  entered,  are 
kept  mx)n  rolls,  numbered  alpha- 
betically, and  at  the  end  of  every 
term  are  tied  up  and  put  into  the 
King^s-bench  treasury,  where  they 
have  been  kept,  and  have  been  so 
from  the  earliestperiods.  Mr.Hew* 
lett  stated,  that  the  most  import- 
ant records  of  the  court  of  Chan- 
cery, namely,  the  decrees,  are  kept 
bound  in  immtosely  large  books, 
and  written  on  paper.  ThedecDses 
in  the  court  of  Exchequer  and  the 
records  at  Doctors'  Commons  are 
keptinthesamemanner.  Mr.Hew« 
lett  considered  the  mode  of  keeping 
records  in  books  ais  preferable  to 
that  o(  rolls.  In  a  book  it  wotild 
be  easy  to  turn  at  once  to  the  par- 
ticular part  of  the  jreoord  whidi  it 
might  be  necessary  to  examine; 
but  perhaps  some  hundred  yards  of 
parchment  must  be  unroll^  before 
one  would  be  able  to  see  what  was 
wantedinarolL  Mr.  Caley,  keep- 
er of  records  in  the  Chapter-house, 
Westminster,  preferred  the  system 


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70*       ANNUAL   REGlSTEtt,    1823. 


of  lceq)ing  records  in  books  rather 
than  in  rofis.  Being  asked  whether 
there  would  be  more  danger  of 
losing  leaves  of  books  than  of 
losing  part  of  a  roll,  he  answered, 
"  I  do  not  think  there  is  any  great 
danger  of  that ;  I  have  frequently 
observed  the  threading  of  the 
rolls  give  way,  and  I  have  found 
half  of  a  roll  at  one  end  of  the 
office,  and  some  time  afterwards 
the  other  half  at  the  other  end." 
This  evidence  again  is  opposed  to 
that  of  Mr.  Bailey,  who  says,  "For 
security,  I  think  lie  roll  would  be 
preferable ;  but  for  facility  of  refer- 
ence, I  think  the  book  is  prefer- 
able. You  arc  liable  to  lose  part 
of  a  book,  when  you  cannot  of  a 
roll ;  you  may  have  a  leaf  torn  out 
of  a  book,  supposing  it  was  for  the 
advantage  of  the  party  to  destroy 
the  record;  but  they  could  not 
take  a  part  of  a  rolL"  Being  re- 
minded of  what  Mr.  Hewlett  had 
said,  respecting  the  injury  arising 
from  damp  in  rolls,  he  observed, 
*'  There  is  the  same  likelihood  in 
regard  to  a  book ;  and,  besides,  it 
would  be  more  liable  to  damp, 
particularly  if  it  were  bound.  Mr. 
Hewlett  recommended  binding  in 
boards;  but  that  would  subject 
them  to  worms.  I  have  books,  in 
boards,  which  have  introduced  the 
worms :  I  would  rather  ufli?  a  strong 
pasteboard,  in  which  there  are 
-various  substances  which  a  worm 
could  not  get  into."  He  added, 
that  he  thought  it  almost  impos- 
sible to  carry  away  a  roll  clandes* 
tinely.  To  show,  however,  that 
this  feat  was  not  so  difficult  as  Mr. 
Bailey  seemed  to  imagine,  Mr. 
Hewlett  related  the  following 
anecdote  to  die  committee: — ^The 
master  of  Christ's-hoq)ital  once 
came  to  me  in  the  Prothonotary^s 
office,  in  the  Temple,  with  a  very 
larg^  roU,  and  said  that  hisiailor's 


boy  had  bought  it  of  a  man  in  ift 
street  for  4d. ;  the  taiknr  f^as-iboat 
to  cut  it  up  for  measures,  when  he 
(the  master)  saw  it ;  and  not  being 
able  to  read  the  hand,  brotig|fat  it 
to  me  to  know  what  it  was.  It 
turned  out  to  be  an  esdieator's  rott, 
stolen  out  of  the  office,  ci  veir 
large  bulk  indeed."  Thus  nMiai 
respecting  the  mode  of  keeping 
the  records.  A  large  portion  <^ 
the  evidence  relates  to  the  ink  and 
parchment  at  present  employed  im 
the  pubHc  offices.  It  appears  diit 
the  ink  has  been  deteriorating  hmst 
the  period  of  Henry  8th,  and  (hat 
it  is  now  extremely  bad.  But  it 
really  appears  that  sufficient  pains 
are  not  taken  to  procure  the  bait 
that  could  be  had ;  for  instance,  k 
was  stated  in  evidence  that  veiy 
good  ink  used  to  be  fWrnshed- 1* 
some  of  the  public  offices  by  aan  old 
man,  who  hiul  lately  died  «nd' left 
a  wife  and  family*  It  is  veiy 
natural  to  suppose  that  this  vmn 
imparted  the  secret  of  the  manu- 
factiu^  of  this  ink  to  bis  family. 
The  committee,  therefoHB,  asked 
one  of  the  witnesses,  who  appeared 
to  have  employed  the  old  man, 
whether  his  family  knew  how  ^ 
make  the  ink;  die  answer  wai, 
''I  never  inquired."  And  this, 
indeed,  is  the  fact.  The  ink  u 
now  supplied  to  all  the  public 
officesand  the  Hou8es<^  Parliuneni, 
by  the  Stationery  office.  Mr.  Oh 
ley  in  his  evidence  said — **  I  under- 
stand there  is  now  a  cardessneifet 
about  the  use  of  ink  (in  the  pubhc 
offices),  and  consequently  dDci»- 
ments  up  to  a  hundred  yean  ago 
cannot  be  read  so  well  as  those  ^ 
an  earlier  date."  Mr.  Caley  con- 
siders the  ink  used  in  the  time  of 
Eli^beth  extreniely  bad ;  the  par- 
liamentary rolls  of  that  date  aie 
much  faded.  Some  of  George 
dxd's  have   fiid^  already.      Mr. 


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PUBLIC    DQCUMUNTtS.        71* 


JMky  M*--^'TlieiBl(  has  beea  of 
a  glutinous  iuitur9»  wliich  peels  oSf, 
fimntbe  timeof  HflQxy  Sth.  As 
to  the  earlier  reoorda  «  pieee  of 
p«rd|]QeiU  mi^t  be  put  into  water* 
aiid  left  6xr  two  or  wee  days^  and 
it  would  not  be. injured:  that  has 
Jb^entcied.  For  several  years  thsne 
Jukve  been  attempts  i«ade  to.wai^ 
them  with  soap  and  water ;  it  has 
not  had  the  least  efiect»  but  the 
inlc  remains  brighter  and  &mer 
Ihanitwas.  Tl^  was  more  iron 
used  in  the  ink  in  former  times 
than  there  is  now,  whic^  has  eaten 
juoie  firmly  into  the  substanoe." 
Mr.  Hewlett  attributed  the  fa^ng 
of  the  ink  in  some  d^^ree  to  the 
bad  quality  of  the  pan£ment  now 
used:  ^' It  is,"  he  observed* 
''qpongy,  oUy,  grea^,  and  not 
sufficiently  dressed  in  my  opinkm , 
we  do  not  find  that  in  ancient 
times ;  we  find  the  paiehment  as 
smooth  and  as  capable  of  taking 
writing  as  it  can  be.  The  parch^ 
menMT  anei^it  times  is  much  thinr 
ner  than  it  is  now  ;  I  have  seen  it 
almost  as  fine  as  paper,  and  yet 
good  parduaant."    He  added,  Uiat 


he  did  not  think  suA^ienl  cart 
was  taken  to  procure  good  parch- 
ment for  the  records ;  he  thou^t 
that  good  stout  paper  would  be 
better  than  the  parchment  now 
used. 

Mr.  Cdien  thouf^t  that  the  bad- 
ness of  the  parchment  was  occa^ 
sioned  by  there  being  put  on  it  too 
much  calcareous  matter,  to  give 
it  what  was  called  a  face.  He  had 
observed  in  modem  books  printed 
on  vellum,  that  some  preparation  of 
lime  had  been  put  on  the  skin  to 
make  them  look  handsome.  The 
ink  in  amsequence  looks  black  at 
first,  but  after  a  time  it  scales  off. 
But  bad  as  the  parchment  is,  Mr. 
Cohen  saidhe  should  prefer  it  lo  the 
best  paper.  There  are  some  paper 
bills  preserved  in  the  parliament 
office ;  the  earliest  are  of  the  date 
of  1600;  the  paper  is  very  brown, 
hut  the  writing  is  l^ble.  The 
rapid  fading  of  the  ink  employed 
in  writing  public  records  is  a  mat- 
ter which  ought  to  attract  the  most 
serious  attention  of  those  whose 
duty  it  is  to  endeavour  to  obviate 
the  mischief. 


Abstract  of  the  Rbpobt  of  ike  OmmssioNBRs  of  Inouibt  on  the 
SiiUe  ^  A&BjeovsowLE  and  Tbaub  ift  Nbw  South  Walbs  and 
Van  Dibxa^'s  Land. 


The  "  Report  <^  the  Cmnmis. 
.minioners  of  Inquiry  on  the  State 
of  Agriculture  and  Trade  in  the 
Colony  of  New  South  Wales,"  was 
oidered  by  the  House  of  Commons 
to  be  printed  on  13th  March,  1823, 
and  is  numbered  136  among  the 
parUamentary  papers  of  the  present 
year.  The  report  is  pirfaoed  by 
Mr.  John  Thomas  Bi^e  (who 
some  time  back  reported  upon  the 
laws  and  judicial  establishment  c^ 
this  cokmy^  and  is  addressed  to 
^arlBMhuisst* 


1.  "  Of  the  State  of  Agricul- 
ture, and  Regulations  for  Granting 
Lands  in  New  South  Wales  ana 
.Van  Dieman's  Land."  This  pmr* 
tion  of  the  re^iort  sets  out  with  as- 
signing the  lunits  of  the  counties 
named  Cumberland,  Argylo,  and 
Camd^.  The  first  of  these  in- 
dudea  part  of  the  Cow-^Mistures^ 
nnd  is  watered  by  ^e  two  rivers^ 
the  I^wkesbury  and  the  Nepean, 
of  which  the  fbnner  empties  itself 
into  firokegr-bay*  The  country  ly- 
ing between  Shoajrharbour.  river 


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7t^       A N N U A L  R EG! S T E R,    1833. 


•od'  the  'SepeBSk,  and  exteft&g  in- 
land to  the  rivor  Wanagumba,  has 
received  fibe  ^peUation  of  C^md^i 
County,  and  takes  in  the  larser 
part  of  the  Cow-pastufes,  the  hills 
of  Nattaiy.and  the  Bargo  tract. 
Argyte  joins  Camden  on  the  sooth- 
west,  and  its  other  boondaiies  are 
JMined  by  rivers  yMdi  are  thus 
oddly  denominated — ^die  Wingee, 
Carihbee,  Shoal  Haven,  Cockbun- 
don,  and  WaQondiUy.  Cumber- 
land, whidi  is  about  iS  miles  in 
len^,  and  46  in  breadtii  (mea* 
sunng  the  breadth  from  the  sea  to 
the  base  of  the  Blue  Mountains), 
has  been  divided  into  31  diBtriots. 
These  comprehend  the  principal 
town,  Sydiyey,  and  the  towns  of 
Panonatta,  Windsor,  and  Liver- 
pool, and  the  townships  of  Rich- 
mond, Castlereagh,  and  Campbell 
town.  The  geological  aspect  of 
this  county  must  be  singular ;  for 
it  is  described  as  |M:esenting  from 
the  coast  inland  a  succession  of 
ridges  of  stratified  sand-stone,  gra^ 
finally  decreasing  in  height  until 
they  are  lost  at  some  distance  from 
the  shore,  under  the  soil,  which  is 
itself  nothing  more  than  a  thin  de- 
composition of  sand-stone,  strongly 
coloured  witid  iron.  The  external 
appearance  of.  j^e  coast  and  the  ad- 
jacentcountry  is  extremely  steriland 
forbidding ;  and,  excepting  on  the 
spot  memorable  for  the  first  landing 
of  captain  Cook  and  sir  Jos^h 
Banks,  the  natural  grasses  of  t^e 
country  are  poor,  stunted  and  mea- 
gre. But  in  the  interior  of  the 
country,  the  soil  is  thin  and  light, 
lying  on  a  red,  yellow,  or  blue  day, 
resting  upon  a  substratum  of  slate, 
which,  as  well  as  the  day,  is  alu- 
minous. It  is  generally  called  fo- 
rest land,  and  is  more  fertile  in 
proportion  to  the  hilliness  of  the 
country.  The  alluvial  land  of 
Culftbi^a^d  U    distinguished  .by 


''its  depth  and  kiexha»8tflikifo^ 
tiHty."  Land  of  tins  kmd  fis 
on  both  ades  of  the  Nepean  sni 
Hawkesbury  Biters.  West  ef 
Ptaamatta,  there  is  a  tract,  fons- 
ing  the  base  of  a  Idll  cdM 
Pnu^eet-hill^  and  cowsisting  ef  a 
dei^  red  loam,  resting  upon  wMih 
stone,  whi<^  is  most  ivioiikkaUe  for 
its  fortuity.  Limettone,  ihaofjtk'ti 
has  not  yet  been  quarried,  is  foy 
generally  ^^flbsed  over  thiseeooty; 
Sie  great  physical  defeeTef  n^nik 
is  its  want  of  water.  Between  Ike 
sea-ooast  and  the  Nepean,  lk«e 
have  been  found  hardly  any  nsto- 
nd  springs;  and  from  the  sH^ 
elevation  of  the  oouiitry,  the  m 
flow  to  a  very  consaderabledismoe 
up  all  the  rivers,-  rendeting  U» 
waters  braddsh  and  uaservkM^ 
during  the  summer  season,  both  at 
Liverpool  and  Paramatta^  hi  Ike 
same  season,  the  various  rivul^ 
are  neariy  diy ;  but  their  beds  ^ 
ing  v6ry  bitok^,  the  water  lodpf 
in  deep  hollows^  forming  di^  « 
natural  ponds,  the  contenis  ^ 
which  are  mudi  affected  by  the 
aluminous  nature  cvf  the  soiL  The 
water  found  by  penetniliiig  the 
stratified  sand-stone  is  gea«nDf 
freefemi  tins  taint  Camdeacflto- 
tains  "the  extenrive  tracts  knows 
by  the  name  of  the  Cow-pestiuWi 
to  whidi  five  of  the  cattle  that  wcw 
landed  from  his  majesty's  shm  ^ 
rins,  soon  after  the  arrival  c?  gf>' 
^&mof  Phillips,  had  strayed  fi«n 
their  place  of  confinement  Thcf 
were  discovered  in  these  tracts  w 
the  year  1795  by  a  conrict;  «» 
app^ured  to  have  been  ^^^'^^J^ 
the  spot,  and  to  have  cdntinw 
there,  from  the  superior  qaa&y/j 
the  herbage.  Since  Aat  f&^ 
their  nunu)ers  have  been  ff^^ 
increased;  and  they  have  1*^ 
occupied  the  hilly  ranges  by  wwch 
the  Cow-pasiures  are  badrf  ^ 


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PUBLIC   DOCUMEJfTS.         73f 


4116  soildi)  8Bd  hmre  been  found  in 
4te  deeper  nmnesof  the  hiUs.df 
Nattai»  and  on  die  benkB  of  the 
Barg»  Rrrer. '  It  does  not  appear, 
^hofiwTer,  that  diey  have  ever  pe- 
necanted  beyond  die  Bhie  Mono- 
taina,  <»r  tiie  bscrrcn  tract  called  th^ 
Bargo  Bnirii^  The  Cow-pastures 
extend  novthwaids  from  the  river 
BaigOj  to  the  junction  of  the  rivees 
.Warra^mhaandNepean. .  To  the 
west  th^  are  bounded  hy  some  of 
the  branches  of  the  latter  river, 
and  the  hills  of  the  NattaL  They 
oantain,  by  compntatian^  about 
60,000  acres ;  the  scnl,  thou^  va- 
rying  in  fertiHty,  but  ttways 
and  impnoving  on  the 
nia»g;in  of  the  Nepean, 
lof  aH^t  HBidy  kam,  test- 
ing upon  a  substratum  of  day/' 

It  is  impossibfe  to  peruse  diis 
^Msnge,  without  being  8trud[  by 
the  apparently  humble  and  inade- 
quate origin  of  those,  numerous 
herds  of  oittle,  whidi  are  destined 
to  fbnn  a  principal  part  of  the  sub- 
nstenoeof  aj^eople,  as  new  to  these 
immense  regions  as  their  own  race: 
for  New  Holland  furnishes  a 
striking  exception,  in  the  paucity 
-ai  its  quadrupeds,  to  that  general 
rule  which  nature  seons  to  have 
prescribed  to  herself  ■■  that  wh(We 
the  soil  and  the  climate  are  fisivour- 
aUe  to  the  production  of  food,  the 
production  of  animals  is  in  pro* 
portion.  The  report  proceeds  to 
deaorfte  the  general  character  of  the 
soil  of  Camden  county,  in  other 
parts;  particularly  of  lUawanra; 
where  it  is  said  to  be  ridi  and  al- 
luvial, and  uderaUy  well  supfdied 
with  water.  In  1821,  there  re- 
mained 10,000acres;only,  uiigrant- 
ed  in  this  district.  The  county  of 
Westmorland  designates  the  tracts 
that  have  been  discovered  andoo 
«upied  to  the  west  of  the  Blue 
Mountains,  induding  *  the  settle- 


ment at  Bcdunrst :  boi  at  the  date 
of  the  report,  no  boundaries  weve 
settled  as  to  ^is  county.  .  Ite 
county  of  Argy  le  af^eaxa  to  be,  for 
the  most  part,  favoured  ^  by  p^ 
Goliar  fertility  and  richness*  It  is 
a  deep  red  loam,  bearing  a  thiek 
and  vigorons  vegetation  of  Ihe 
natural  grasses  of  the  colon  v,  and 
abundance  of  the  shrub  oaoed  the 
Daviesia  and  the  wild  indigo.'' 
The  trees  here  are  of  large  din^- 
sions,  and  there  are  open  ngucoi  of 
forist,  onthesameridisoiL  This 
tract,  called  Sutton  Forest,  con- 
tains about  15,000  acres  of  fertile 
land.  Eden  Forest,  lying  between 
the  Cookbundon  and  A^^dhmdWy 
rivers,  contains  also  15,000  acres, 
and  is  said  to  be  not  more  wooded 
than  is  barely  sufficient  for  shelter 
and  ornament  to  the  land,  (joul- 
bum  Plains,  extending  from  the 
Cockbundon.  range  of  hills,  10 
miles  south-west,  includes  a  qpaoe 
of  35,000  acres;  and  still  further  to 
the  south-west  are  the  ]%«dalhane 
Pkdns,  an  open  tract  of  flat  land. 
But  these  plains,  thougih  not  en^^ 
cumbered  with  wood,  have  a  poot 
and  swampy  soil,  saturated  with 
water  in  the  winter  season,  and 
bearing  a  very  coarse  and^tnfled 
mss.  Betireen  thb  tract  and 
Bathurst  lake,  the  country  becomes 
mare  hilly  and  woody,  and  the 
swamps  more  extensive.  *'  The 
circumference  of  Bathurst  lake  is 
about  12  miles;  and  Mr.  Mechan, 
the  Deputy  Surveyor-General,  who 
had  virited.it  for  the  first  time.in 
the  year  1818,  was  of  opinion  that 
it  haid  much  increased  in  size  in  the 
intervaL  Several  trees  and  shrubft 
on  the  margin  of  the  lake  appeared 
to  have  been  very  lately  siBiounded 
with  water."  Between  lake  Bath- 
urst and  lake  George,  the  land 
is  covered  with  stunted  trees  and 
rocks  of  various  kindft— grHttte^ 


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74*      ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1823. 


•quints  ttnd  (Oate.  Lake  Geofge 
JB  nearly  18  miles  !<»&  find  mm 
five  to  seren  broad.  *  Dead  trees* 
weie  obienred  in  it  at  a  oonaideDi 
4Kble  distance  from  its  peessBBt 
shores:  and thoo^' only  disoovond 
in  the  mondi  of  August  preoe£ng 
the  report,  its  waters  were  thought 
to  have  considesahly  expanded 
since  that  time.  The  waters  were 
very  atutt,  thou^  toihid^  which 
disproved  the  represfentadon  that 
had  been  made,  that  they  were 
salt  No  stream  or  current  could 
be  detected  in  the  lake ;  but  Uie 
natives  had  some  tradition  that  an 
outlet  was  to  be  found,  which  would 
communicate  with  the  sea.  This 
was  not  didoovered  by  Mr.  Bigge. 
The  lake  was  bound^  by  a  table 
chain  of  rocky  hills,  elevated  from 
800  to  1,500  feet  above  its  surface; 
aikd  lieutenant  Jdmson,  in  ex- 
amining the  east  coast  rf  New  Hol- 
land, £scovered  some  time  since 
a  river  which  may  be  found  to 
communicate  with  this  ridge»  The 
Tq[X)rter  then  describes  the  country 
which  he  saw  between  the  Cow- 
pastures  and  Bathurst.  This  is 
clothed  with  very  stunted  shrubs^ 
lor  thjB  most  part;  and  he  no 
longer  met  wi&  the  straight  and 
lofty  Eucalyptus  (the  stringy  bark) 
which  he  had  seen  all  over  the 
Bargo  Brush.  The  following  is 
a  pleasing  description  enough,  and 
we  telect  it,  be»&U8e  it  indudes  a 
notice  of  Bathunt  plains,  certainly 
the  most  eligible  spot  which  has 
been    yet    "taken  4ip,"    as    the 

•  These  are  curious  iacts,  and  seem 
to  suggest  the  cause  of  that  submersion 
of  whole  woods,  which  the  beds  of  lakes 
in  Irelaad,  the  Isle  of  Man,  and  in 
Vorik  America,  so  frequently  attest. 
Trees  of  enormous  bulk  are  often  found 
also  beneath  the  surfiices  of  swamps  and 
jnarshes,  more  or  less  covered  with 
water,  and  for  many  ages  past  totally 
^kstilnte  of  aveii  a  sbrub. 


aetden  say,/  far  a 
'^  After  poH^  the  valle3»  wafcerad 
by  Cox's  lifer,  and  the  fidi  nver, 
and  a  range  of  dry  and  ateril  hill% 
called  'Clanaice'aUmyBaage;die 
road  from  the  bbe  mountaina  kadi 
throuf^  StdmonthTalleyiiy  tkataie 
wdl  wateeed  and  cofvaedi  m!k 
good  heringe  orawiag  in  t«Ai 
upon  a  soil  ci  boie  disinteantsd 
gisnite.  The  surfitte  of  die 
country  dopes  gently  to  the  west; 
and  ^om  an  eminence  that  is  a 
Iktle  beyond  die  Sidmoitth  va]ky% 
a  very  fine  and  extensile  view  is 
dMmned  of  the  open  oountiy,  ia 
the  centre  of  whidiace  the  Ba^unt 
plains,  and  variods  broad  andiii& 
valleys  stretching  to  die  nortk  and 
south  of  the  phon  that  is  watcied 
by  the  Maoquanie  lirer*  Befixe 
it  reaches  BiUliurst,  this  stveaa  is 
joined  by  the  Campbdl  river,  on 
the  banks  of  which  there  is  sane 
rich  gracing  land,  opening  inSa 
extensive  plains,  called  Miteheirs 
and  CKConndl's  jdains.  The  cfe* 
vatkm  of  the  country  on  the  wast 
side  of  the  Blue  Mo«ntains  is 
strongly  marked  by  the  nqndity 
and  nilness  of  tl^  streams  of 
water;  they  abound  in  evecy  dU 
lecdon,  and  generally  teiminale 
in  the  river  Macquarrie;  wlndv 
even  at  Bathurst,  is  deep,  cleai^ 
and  fulL  The  soil  cm  the  poiirts 
and  bends  of  the  river  is  aenerally 
alluviaL  The  hills,  whidi  on  the 
north  side  are  gently  ekvatedahove 
the  level  of  the  river,  are  perfectly 
elear  of  timber,  and  are  ooveied 
with  a  dry  gravelly  loam,  inteiv 
mixed  with  a  coarse  gnmite  aand. 
This  soil  is  not  jiatiually  fi^rtik, 
but  it  is  dry  and  &voiirabIe  to 
sheep.  The  extent  of 
denominated  Bathurst 
and  that  is  dear  of  timber, 
prises  near^  40,000  acres.  The 
hills  ou  die  south  aide  of  the  xim 


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PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS. 


75' 


M«oquanrie  are  more  elented^ 
brokeity  and  stony;  but  covered 
with  good  grasaand  with  fettile 
ml  towards  the  mmnnito.  The 
valkysy  that  are  distinguished  bf 
the  name  of  Queen  Charlotte  and 
Princess  Charlotte,  aie  remarUl^ 
for  dieir  heoutifQl  verdure  and  ex- 
pmaeL"  Lxmestone  in  a  very  pot 
atate  had  been  lately  found  in  this 
ndghbovihood.  The  last  expe- 
ditions  of  Mr.  Oxley  and  others 
into  the  interior  of  New  Holland, 
had  established ''  the  extraordinary 
&ct  of  two  or  more  tributary 
sti«ama^'  (i.  e.  to  the  rivers 
M^Lac^ilan  and  Maoquarrie) 
*^  taking  their  source  in  the  hi^eat 
rUges  of  die  Blue  Mountains^ 
within  50  miles  from  the  sea-coast, 
and  of  their  being  lost  at  a  di»- 
tance  of  300  miies  in  an  opposite 
diieotion,  by  a  diftusion  over  an 
immense  portion  of  the  sur&ce  of 
the  interior.  A  future  and  more 
accurate  eaaminatbn  of  lakes 
George  and  Bathurst,  and  of  the 
cnristence  of  any  outlet  to  their 
waters,  together  with  a  farther 
examination  of  the  eastern  coast 
towards  Bass's  Straits,  will  estab- 
lidi  the  continuftnce  of  that  long 
dividing  range  of  dcvated  moon- 
tains  }^  which  the  cuivent  of  the 
waters  seems  to  be  determined  to 
the  county  of  Cumberland,  and 
the  sea  on  the  east,  and  to  the  in- 
terior of  New  Holland  on  the 
west."  By.  the  muster  of  18S0, 
the  total  amount  of  land  held  im 
New  South  Wales  appeared  to  be 
more  than  389,000  acres  ;  and  of 
these  54,898  acres  were  returned 
us  cleared.  The  new  districts  be« 
yond  the  line  of  the  fiam  river 
<m  the  south,  and  Hunters  river 
cm  the  north,  ate  not  indudod  in 
this  statement  These  wcte  vk 
wheat  16,706  ^lae^  maize  1 1>270^ 
harley,  1|830;  ryey  and  oata  37% 


peas«ndbcaiiaSl3,potatoe8504,oiw 
chaidand  garden  gEDU3iidl,09i.  By 
a  oomparison  of  themusters  of  1 810 
and  1320,  it  seems  that  in  tho 
former  year  the  psouurtion  of  land 
cleared,  to  land  held,  vnMasane 
and  a  ludf  to  four ;  in  the  latter,  as 
aneandono-tenthtoaeven.  ''The 
districts  of  Windsor,  Bidbmond, 
and  Wilberfuroe,  returned  16,856 
acres  of  cleared  land  in  the  year 
1820,  of  which  10/XX)  were  either 
in  wheat  or  maise."  Next  after 
these,  the  districts  of  Evan,  Airds^ 
and  Appin,  prodnce  most  wheat 
and  maize.  The  wheat  of  Appin^ 
Airdsy  and  Bringelly  districts,  and 
generally  of  the  good  hilly  land, 
IS  superior  both  in  weight  and 
quality  to  the  wheat  produced  in 
tibe  flat  lands  of  the  Hawkesbury." 
The  settlers  mi  these  lands  are 
much  annoyed  by  the  inundations 
of  the  river,  which  are  attributable 
to  the  great  elevation  of  the 
sources  of  those  rivers,  whose 
streams  are  added  to  the  Hawkes- 
bury  and  the Nepean,  asweUasto 
the  impulse  they  receive  in  the 
narrow  and  rocky  channels  through 
which  they  descend.  After  rapidly 
filling  the  bed  of  the  Hawkesbury^ 
**  they  discharge  themselves  over 
the  flat  lands  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Windsor,  Richmond  and  Wil* 
berforee.  They  bring  with  them 
and  leave  a  rich  alluvial  depbsit^ 
and  a  great  abundance  of  weeds 
and  vegetable  matter,  which  creato 
the  necessity  of  additional  labour 
in  clearing  the  lands  that'  in  the 
month  of  March  are  generally  pre- 
pared for  the  reception  of  wlieat, 
or  are  covered  with  maize  in  its 
ripened  state.  The  losses,  there- 
fore, thit  are  sustained  frtmi  these 
inundations,  both  in  labour  and 
grain,    are    very    considerable."* 

•  When  the  aatneBS  of  the  turiauDd- 


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76*     ANNUAL  REGISTER.  1823. 


Thett  is  much  interestiiig  detail: 
in  mibflequent  parts  of  this  diviaion 
of  the  ieport>  as  to  the  rent  and 
prodnce  of  lands,  the  price  c^  that 
produoe,  of  agricultural  stodc> 
labour,  &c,  the  state  of  fanmnff, 
building,  &c  Horses  and  catUe 
of  all  descriptions  are  represented 
as  thriving  extraordinary  well, 
thouffh  badly  tended;  and,  tiear  the 
Hawkesbury,  confined  to  small 
pastures.  The  estates  that  are  best 
cultivated  and  imiproved,  are  those 
of  Mr.  Oxley,  the  Surreyor- 
general ;  Mr.  Cox,   sir  John  Ja- 

ing  country,  the  richness  of  thts  alluvial 
deposit,  and  the  great  heat  of  the 
suninicr  seaiKNi  in  this  part  of  New 
Holland,  are  considered,  surely  we  are 
warranted  in  supposing  that  it  would  re- 
quire but  a  very  small  exertion  of  hu- 
man industry  to  convert  the  source  of 
apparent  mischief  into  an  annual  dis- 
pensattoa  of  fibrtiUty  and  plenty.  By 
the  exercise  of  a  moderate  degree  of 
skill  in  the  practice  of  irrigation,  and 
the  application  of  a  little  labour  to  the 
purposes  of  damming  and  embanking, 
the  Hawkesbary  might  be  converted  into 
another  Nile,  and  made  to  cany  in  its 
course,  not  terror  and  destruction,  but 
the  means  of  wealth  and  happiness. 
We  say  a  ''  little''  labour,  because.  In 
every  direction,  sand-stone  abounds, 
and  nowhere  more  than  about  the 
banks  of  the  riven  Could  convict- 
labour  be  more  use^ly  employed, 
than  in  drawing  stone  to  those  places  at 
which  the  waters  find  their  greatest 
outlet^  Little  or  no  masonry  is  requisite 
to  these  primary  operations  of  agricul- 
tore  in  an  iafiuit  colony :  and  it  is  there- 
fore astonishing,  that  when  the  object 
is  at  once  so  important  and  so  practi- 
cable, its  attateittent  should  be  so  long 
deferred.  AU  thimigh  this  report  we 
remark  an  extraordinary  backwardness 
in  the  Colonial  Government  to  apply 
convf  ct^labour  to  the  execution  of  public 
works;  and' hi  justice  to  Mr.  Bigge,  we 
mnst  add,  that  he  himself,  in  several 
pUKses,  earnestly  presses  on  k>rd  Bath- 
urst,  the  propnety  of  employing  men 
of  this  description  in  the  erection  of 
bridges  and  roads ;  the  improvement  of 
mouataittous  passes,  &c. 


mison,  Mr.  Hannibal  M'Aitknr; 
Mr.  Red&m,  Mr.  John  M^Artfaor, 
Mr.  Thoresby,  and  Mr.  Howe. 
Near  Bathurst,  Mr.  Cox  has  a  iae 
flock  of  shecnp,  amounting  to  5,000 
head,  and  am  herds  of  cattle. 
Twenty-four  flocks,  ten  of  whi^ 
belonged  to  that  gentleman^  wen 
distributed  over  Bathurst  "fkam, 
and  the  adjoining  vaUeys;  andia 
November,  1819i  had  increaaed  to 
the  number  of  1 1,00a  At  Bath- 
urst the  sheep  are  not  found  to  le- 
quire  covering  even  in  winter, 
though  it  is  here^much  oolder  than 
on  the  east  side  of  the  Blue  Moun- 
tains. Between  the  years  1810 
and  1820,  the  number  of  homed 
cattle  in  New  South  Wales  was 
quintu]^.  In  the  latter  year  il 
was  54,105.  The  cHmate  and 
natural  pasturage  of  New  ScnA 
Wales  ore  highly  favourahie  to  ^ 
production,  growth,  and  improve 
ment  of  honied  cattle:  but  die 
increase  of  sheep  has  not  k^ 
pace  with  that  of  the  cattle.  The 
sheq)  in  this  colony,  according  to 
the  muster  of  September,  l&O; 
amounted  to  99>487 ;  showing  an 
increase  in  atriple  ratio  only,  with- 
in the  same  peiiod  of  ten  yean. 
The  general  breed  in  the  colony  is 
an  admixture  of  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope  and  English  breeds :  but  Mr. 
John  M'Arthur  has  flocks  of  pore 
Merino's.  The  astoniahing  per- 
seveianoe  and  success  of  tiiis  gen- 
tleman in  improving  his  sheep,  and 
the  enoimous  prices  wUoh  Ids 
wods  feteh  in  the  European  mar- 
kets, are  universally  known.'  -  The 
npteber  of  horses  in  the  ooloay  ia 
the  year  1820,  was  5,639-  They 
are  derived  hem  thoseof  Beng4 
hftvinff  an  admixture  of  the  Aia- 
bian  Uood,  and  miffht  be  improved 
by  importations  c?  the  stronger 
races  of  our  English  horses,  as 
Mr.  Bigge  thinks.    Thewheattf 


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PUBLIC   DOCOMfiNTS.         77* 


New  Soutli  Wales  bas  in  some 
feeaflons  suflfered'  very  mach  from 
insects ;  particularly  from  one  that 
is  peculiar  to  ^e  climate^  and 
called  the  fly-moth.  The  weevil 
also  is  an  extensive  depredator  on 
all  grains  raised  in  Uie  colony :  but 
the  greatest  enemy  with  which  the 
produce  has  to  contend  appears  to 
be,  either  the  mismanagement  of  the 
settlers  in  stacking  and  flamering 
it,  or  the  defective  condition  of  afi 
their  farm-buildings.  In  1820, 
the  colony  had  seventy  carpenters, 
flfty-five  sawyers,  forty-three  black- 
smiths, and  seventeen  brickmak'ers, 
for  its  complement  of  mechanics, 
'<ather  free,  or  holdii^  tickets  d 
leave,  independent  of  some  others 
assigned  as  convict-servants  to  in- 
dividuals, or  retained  in  the  public 
works. 

•  The  settlement  at  Van  Dieman's 
Land  is  divided  into  two  counties : 
one»  called  Buckinghamshire,  ex- 
tending from  the  south  coast  of  the 
island,  to  the  42nd  d^;ree  of  south 
latitude ;  the  other  called  Corn- 
wall, extending  from  the  same 
dividing  land,  to  the  north  coast. 
In  Buckinghamshire,  the  most  cul- 
tivated tracts  lie  on  the  shores  of 
the  Derwent  river,  of  North  Bay, 
and  of  an  arm  of  the  sea  called  Pitt 
Water,  ascending  from  the  shores. 
of  the  harbour  to  Hobart  Town 
(the  principal  town),  a  narrow  line 
of  sloping  land,  forming  the  base 
of  the  hifis  on  the  Western  shore, 
is  in  cultivation.  The  soil  is  in 
many  places  a  rich  and  sandy  loam. 
The  &rms  are  small  and  badly 
managed;  most  of  them  having 
been  settled  in  1802  and  1808,  by 
diaeharaed  marines.  ''  It  is  on  the 
tract  of  land  called  Clarence's  Plains, 
and  more  especially  in  the  district 
of  Pitt  Water,  and  the  Coal  River, 
•that  the  pre-eminent  fertility  of 
ike  soil  or  Van  Dieman's  Land  is 


exhiUted."  The  timber  is  ham 
and  handsome,  yet  scarcely  suffi- 
cient. The  farms  extensive,  and 
some  of  them  very  comfortable  and 
improved.  The  land  produces 
wheat,  barley,  and  potatoes.  The 
wheat  is  thought  superior  to  that 
of  New  South  Wales :  barley  has 
not  thriven  so  well;  this  grain, 
and  oats,  have  not  yet,  however, 
been  fairly  tried.  Potatoes  grown 
on  the  lighter  soils  are  fully  equal 
to  those  of  English  growth,  and 
yield  abundant  returns.  The  pro- 
duce of  wheat  is  about  24  buuiels 
per  acre:  and  if  the  cultivation 
were  conducted  with  any  degree 
of  skill,  would  be  vastly  greater. 
The  settlers  in  Rtt  Water  district 
find  much  advantage  from  thdr 
contiguity  to  the  sea,  and  easy 
access  thereby,  to  the  markets  of 
Hobart  Town.  In  the  county  of 
Cornwall,  the  cultivated  districts 
are  confined  to  the  banks  of  the 
south  and  north  Esk  Rivers,  which 
fall  into  the  River  Tamer  at  Laun- 
ceston.  The  soil  in  one  of  the 
vaUeys,  watered  by  the  north  Esk, 
and  called  Patterson's  Plains,  is  a 
light  and  rich  loamy  deposit ;  bear- 
ing sood  and  continued  crops,  even 
in  Uie  worst  state  of  cultivation. 
The  rivers  are  full,  clear,  and 
rapid  even  in  summer.  The  coun- 
try between  the  South  Esk  and 
Patterson's  Plains  eomprises  beau- 
tiful tracts  of  land,  gracefully  un- 
dulated ^nd  covered  with  luxuriant 
herbaffe ;  but  their  value  is  much 
diminish^  by  the  want  of  water. 
In  1820,  the  total  quantity  of 
land  cultivated  InBuckinghamBhire 
amoimted  to  6,293  acres;  in  Corn- 
wall, to  2,982.  The  grain  is  larger 
and  h&vier  than  that  of  New 
South  Wales,  and  not  liable  to  the 
ravaces  of  the  fly^moth  or  the 
weevil.  The  seasons  are  more  re- 
gular^ ancHthe  soil  more  easily  cul- 


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78*     ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1823. 


tmted.  The  breed  of  all  cattle 
19,  for  the  most  part,  the  same  as 
that  of  the  cattle  in  New  South 
Wales.  The  number  of  honied 
cattle  returned  in  all  Van  Dieman's 
lAnd,  in  1820^  was  2SyS3S;  c^ 
sheep^  as  follows:  —  In  1818> 
127,883;  1819,  172,128;  1820, 
182>468 ;  but  these  numbers  are 
very  probably  exaggerated,  by  de- 
lusive statements  given  in  to  the 
lieutenant-governor  by  the  settlers 
themselves,  in  order  that  they  may 
have  the  privilege  of  furnishing  a 
proportionable  supply  to  the  long's 
Store,  where  meat  b  purchased  at 
a  rate  varying  aocoiding  to  the 
amount  of  the  supply,  ^t,  hem 
time  to  timet,  settled  l^  die  oo- 
.vernor.  The  sheep  are  gen^i&y 
of  very  improved  breeds.  The 
method  of  cultivation,  in  this  set- 
tlement, is,  on  the  whole,  inferior 
to  that  of  New  South  Wales ;  but 
Van  Dieman's  Laitd  will,  in  all 
times,  raise  the  larger  pmportum 
of  wheat ;  and  New  South  Wale% 
that  of  mai^e. 

2.  Under  the  head  of ''  Regula- 
tions respecting  Grants  of  Lands 
and  allotments  in  towns,"  it  is 
stated,  that  the  number  of  acres,  for 


which  grants  have  been  xmkily 
passed  and  entered  in  the  office  of 
the  colonial  secretary,  was,  at  the 
date  of  the  report,  in  New  Smith 
Wales,  324^,251 ;  in  Van  Dieman's 
Land,  57,4^8.  The  gnxxts  to  Mr. 
M'Arthur,  Mr.  Cox,  Mr.  Oxley, 
and  other  gentlemen,  seem  to  hove 
been  very  properly  extemlpd,.  at 
various  periods,  in  pnipurikm  to 
the  increase  and  imj^vement  of 
their  (utiduoe  and  their  stock ;  and 
the  gpod.  condition  c^  dieir  fonner 
lands^  Out  of  every  grant  it  ii 
jiow  proposed  to  reserve  some  por- 
tion of  lands  for  the  ^vemment, 
with  a  view  to  pubhe  improfe- 
ments ;  for  the  clei^,  for  the  erec- 
tion of  churches,  and  the  provisiaB 
of  glebes ;  and  for  public  sdioob. 
Besides  theie  ol^ectS:^  the  dispoal 
of  lands  to  convicts,  whose  tenss 
of  transportadon  or  service  erpn, 
or  whose  good  conduct  may  make 
ihem  free  before  those  periods,  it 
also  to  be  provided  for.  Mr.  Oxlrf 
recommends,  diat  the  foDowiiif 
£oale  should  be  observed  in  aU 
future  grants,  to  free  settkis,  or 
individuals  coming  from  Giett 
Britain  with  capitous,  namely^— 


FifVy  persons  bringing  out  capitals  amounting  to 

£.500,  there  should  be  granted    500  acres. 


1,000 

800 

1,500 

.   1,000 

1,700 

.   1,280 

2,000    .    .    . 

.   1,500 

2,500 

.  1,760 

3,000 

.  2,000  acres ; 

and  in  cases  of  larger  capital  than 
8,000^,  permission  to  purchase  of 
government,  to  an  extent  not  ex- 
ceeding three  times  their  original 
grant.  The  whole  of  this  part  of 
the  report  is  minute,  clear,  and 
explicit.    It  then  prooeedn  to  threat 


3.  ''The  state  of  the  trade  of  the 
43ettlanents  of  New  South  Waks 
And  Van  Dieman's  Land ;"  a  sid>- 
ject  of  too  great  extent,  interot, 
and  moment,  to  allow  of  our  say- 
ing.more  of  it  in  this  place,  dian 
that  the  statement  is  altogether  a 
satisfactory  and  a  pnoinisiDg  one. 


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PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS. 


79« 


4.  ''Tbestatec^theeodesiastical 
estahtiflhinentSy    which   in     New 
South  Wales  in  1820  oonasted  of 
a  senior  chaphdn   of  Paramatta, 
two  chaplains  at  Sydney,  one  at 
Windsor,  one  at  Castle^agh,  one 
at  liverpool,  and  one  in  the  dis- 
trict of  Airds.    In  Van  Diexnan^'s 
Land,  of  one  chaplain  at  Hobart's- 
town,    and    one    at    Launoeston. 
The  churdi  at  Sydn^,  called  St 
Philip's,  will  not  acconnnodate,  in 
summer,  abote  800  persons.    The 
new   church    ci  St.  James  was 
nearly  covered  in  m  1 8S0,  and  must 
toon  after  have  been  in  a  state  to 
admit  the  attendance  of  convicts ; 
and  the  gallery  of   St.    Philip's 
diurdi  would  then  be  capable  of 
raedving  part  of  the  free  popula- 
tMMi.    Ine  dnnrch  at  Paramatta, 
built  of  stone,  was  th^  first  that 
was  finished  in  the  ookmy,   and 
holds  about  400  persons.     Two 
new    churches   have  been  lately 
finidied  at  Windsor  and  Liverpool ; 
and  a  school-house  at  Castlenag^ 
The  Roman  Catholic  and  Wesleyan 
Methodiits  were  about  to  build 
diapels  at  Sydney^  Paramatta,  and 
Windsor.  InHobart'sHown,anew 
church    was    finished    in     1820. 
Schools  seem  to  be  increasing  in 
both  the  odony  and  the  settle* 
ment. 

The  next  (5th)  division  of  the 
r^Kirt  regards  "  The  state  and 
chancter  d  the  population*"  The 
atate  and  character  of  such  a  popu- 
lation, under  the  circumstances  of 
the  odony,  our  readers  wiU  easily 
'figure  te  themselves^  as  being  of  a. 
«9ery  mixed  and  various  description, 
ftom  the  free  settler,  or  colonist. 


to  the  convict,  in  the  various  gr»- 
dations  in  which  ffood  or  bad  con- 
duct, subsequently  to  traBq^orta-> 
tion,  may  have  placed  him.    The 
muster  of  Van  Dieman's  Land  is 
much  better  kept   than   that   of 
New  South  Wales.    It  appeared, 
that    the    total   number    of   in- 
habitants in  New  South  Wales,  in 
the  year   1820,   was  2S,939>    of 
whom   1,307   persons  had    oonui 
thither  free ;  1,495  had  been  bom 
in  the  colony;  159  1^  been  ab^ 
solutely,    and  9^   conditionally, 
pardoned ;  3,255  were  free  by  ser- 
vitude and  expiration  of  sentence  , 
1,^2 held  ^tSkets  of  leave;  9>^1 
were  convicts;  5,668  were  c^dren  ; 
and  220  were  serving  on  board 
colonial  vessels.    In  Van  Dieman's 
Land,  same  year,  the  total  popu^ 
krion  was  5,4^8  persons,  of  whom 
714  came  free;  185  were  bom  in 
it;  362  were  free  by  servitude  and 
exjnration  of  sentence;   23  held 
free  pardons,  and  208^  iMmditional 
ones ;  308  held  tickets  of  leave  ; 
and  2,588  were  convicts.      The 
numtar  of  children  of  both  sexes, 
1,020.     In   New   South    Wales, 
thare  were  3,707  women,  2,603 
female  children.   In  Van  Dieman's 
Land,  the  women  were  880. 

Under  the  head  (6)  of  ''  state 
,of  the  revenue .  in  New  South 
Wales  and  Van  Dieman's  Land,'' 
it  appears  that  for  New  South 
Wales,  the  amount  of  duties  re* 
ceived  by  the  officer,  from  the  1st 
of  October,  1817>  to  the  Slst  of 
December,  1820,  was  81,748^  ^ 
lid.  In  the  year  ending  3l8t  of 
December,  1820,  it  was  as  £oU 
"lows:— 


Duties  collected  on  wine,  spirits,  tobacco,  foreign 
'    ^oods,  auctions,  and  south-h€»d  lights 
-feurit,  beer,  and  brewing  fioences 
fmnnatta,  Liverpool,  and  weitem  road  tofl 
Jhatifit  tm  dau^^termg  catde  at  Sydney 


iE.30,550  14  6 

/   1,527  10  O 

569    0  O 

418    O  lOr 


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80*      ANNtJAL   REGISTER,   1828. 


Marloet  dudes  at  Sydney 

Ditto        at  Paramatta 
One  hawker's  lieense 


3^7  a  o 
37  10  O 
20    O    O 


jE.SS,479  15    4 


hi  HobartVtown,  Van  Dieman's  Land,  the  duties  collected  amounded 


In  1816        .        .to 
1817 

1818        .         .         . 
1819 

7.  The  average  "yearly  expen- 
diture" out  of  the  parlifumentary 
estimate  for  salaries  to  puhlic  offi- 
cers and  servants  is  ahout  8,600^ 
and  out  of  the  police  fund  of  the 
colony  (which  is  also  charged  with 
a  great  variety  of  dvil  e^cpenses), 
ahout  9,800L  It  is  to  this  fund 
that  the  sreater  part  of  the  po- 
duce  of  me  imposts  and  tolls  is 
paid  over.    In  Van  Dieman's  L«nd 


f  .2.877  10  0 

4,819  S  1 

5,S05  5  4    * 

7,250  15  6 

the  first  of  these  expenditures  avtr- 
ages  ahout  2,9Qp^,  and  Uie^ecQ^d 
2,100^  Some  dight  iqaneaie  is 
recommended  hy  Mr.  Bujoge  in  the 
salaries  of  the  puUio  nmoan  and 
servants.  .    . 

8.  The  document  condodeawilh 
an  account  of  the  medical  esfea^ 
lishmentsin  New  South  Wales  and 
Van  Dieman's  Lan4* 


ExTBACTs  from  the  Sbvbntkbnth  Rsfobt  of  ike  Afbicak 

iNSTfTUTION. 


In  detailing  to  the  suhscrihers 
the  circumstances  which  have  oc- 
curred relative  to  the  slave  trade, 
and  the  measures  which  have  heen 
adopted  for  its  further  suppression 
during  the  last  year,  the  directors 
are  naturally  led  to  commence 
•their  report  with  an  account  ,c^ 
,the  negociations  whic^  took  place 
upon  that  suhject  in  the  Congifess 
at  Verona. 

.  At  a  conference  of  the  plei|ipo- 
tentiariesof  Austria,  France,  Great 
Britain,  Prussia  and  Russia,  held 
at  Verona  on  the  24th  of  Novem- 
her  last,  on  the  sul^ect  of.  the  de- 
jdorahle  continuance  of  this  mis- 
chief in  spite  of  the  declarations, 
the  laws,  and  the.  trea^es  which 
have  interdicted  and  condemned  it 
since  the  year  1815,  the  duke  of 
Wellington    brought    forward   a 


menu>ir  contaimn^  ohservatioiia.v 
to  what  he  consid^ied  lo  be  the 
causes  of  the  evil,  and  posiiited  ovft 
.different  measures  calcidated  to 
put  an  end  to  it. 

.  In  this  m^mgir, .  after  9drmtm§ 
to  the  dedaration'of  the  CoogBOi 
of  Vienna  in  1815,  si^paed  hj  the 
ministers  of  the  ei^t  oonsentiBg 
powen,  and  denouneiog  the  daft 
trade  as  '^a  scour^  whioli  to 
long  desoUited  Afhca»  degnM 
Europe,  and  afflicted  humsimt^,'' 
and  to  the  expression  of  tkor 
\manimou8  desire  to  put  aa.^  to 
it;  andhaving8tated.tba|>gf  tkMS 
eight  powers,  seven  have  passed 
laws  with  the  oljject  of  entird^ 
preventing  the  sul^jects  ,of  their 
several  states  trtm  engHgjog  thgfr 
in;  the  duke  proeo^ds  t&  oosacv^ 
that  he  has  the  meant  q|  ^stfrnog 


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PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS.        ai* 


ttett  Uiir^xSc  faai  beea,  smoe  the 
yttur  1915,  and  is  at  this  moiaent« 
carried  0n  to  a  greater  extent  tlvan 
it  had  been  at  any  former  period ; 
that  ia8«ven  months  of  the  year 
lasi,  not  lest  than  38^000  humaa 
beiqgB.  had  been  ouxied  off  fuxai 
the  coast  of  A&ica  into  hopeless 
and  irremediable  slavery ;  and  that 
not  le«  than  352  vessels  entered 
the  rirexB  and  ports  of  Africa^ 
north  of  the  Equator,  to  purdiase 
slaves^  between  Jtdy/1820,  and 
Ooulbet;  1891,  each  of  which  was 
cahmkted  to  dory  off  from  five  to 
nx  hundred  slaves. 

He  further  states,  that  the  traf- 
fic does  not  assume  the  usual  se- 
Ciecy  c(  a  ooxitraband  trade,  but  is 
carried  on  generally  under  Uie 
protection  of  the  fisLg  of  France ; 
iSarthisobviousveQson'— -that  France 
it  the  only  one  of  the  great  mari* 
lime  powers  of  Europe,  whose 
government  has  not  entered  into 
tiietMatiet,  which  have  been  con* 
dnded  with  lus  Britannic  majesty, 
for  giving  to  certain  of  the  ships 
of*  each  m  the  contracting  parties, 
a  limited  power  of  search  imd  cap- 
ture oi  ships  ensaged  in  this  tru- 
fic;  and  tiiat  £<Me  employed  in 
this  service  have  too  mncti  respect 
i^  the  French  flag,  to  venture,  ex- 
cept in  cases  of  extraordinary  sus- 
ptcion,  to  search  the  vessels  .which 
iibO  under  its  protection.  "The 
oonsequenoe  of  this  state  of  things," 
it  is  remarked  in  tlie  memoir,  ''  is, 
that  this  contraband  trade  isattend- 
fid  by  circumstances  much  more 
horrifi^,  ihan  any  thing  that  hgs 
beiBd  known  in  former  times.  It 
'  is  tmnecessary  here  to  emBuerate 
all  tiie  honors  respecting  it  which 
have  come  before  the  public  in  the 
different  discussions^  which  have 
'tAkeii.plao6>  as-Wi^  in  Franceasiii 
Enj^iand ;  but  it  canitot  be  denied, 
that  all  attempts  at  prevention, 

Vol.  LXV. 


inupeifect  as  they  have  been^oond 
to  DC,  have  tended  to  increase  the 
aggregate  of  human  sufferinss,  and 
the  waste  of  human  life,  m  the 
transport  of  slaves  from  the  coast 
of  Amca  to  the  colonies,  in  a  ratio 
fiur.eiBceQdiBg  the  increase  of  posi' 
tive  numbers  carried  off  in  slavery. 
The  dread  of  detection  suggests 
expedients  of  concealment,  pnduc- 
tive  of  the  most  dreadful  suffer- 
insi  to  a  cargo,  with  respect  to 
which  it  hardly  ever  seems  to  occur 
to  its  remorseless  owners  that  it 
consists  of  sentient  beings. 

''  The  numbers  put  on  board  in 
aich  venture  are  far  from  being 
proportioned  to  the  proper  capacity 
of  the  vessel;  and  the  mortality 
IS  frightful  to  a  degree  unknown, 
since  the  attention  of  mankind  was 
first  drawn. to  the  horrors  of  this 
traffic/* 

And  again— 

**  This  contraband  trade'  is,  in 
many,  tot  many,  instanoes,  carried 
4m.  in  vessels  fitted  out  in  France, 
and  commanded  and  manned  by 
Frenchmen. 

"It  is  a  known  fact,  that,  al- 
thoudi  tAie  profits  of  a  voyage,  of 
which  two,  or  even  three,  may  be 
made  in  the  year,  are  three  hun- 
dred per  cent,  the  risks  are  so  small, 
the  dumces  of  detection^  so  as  to 
become  liable  to  the  punishment 
which  the  Frfench  law  inflicfaj  upon 
conviction,  so  few^  and  so  little  is 
that  punishment  cemmensurate 
with  the  offence,  even  after  con- 
.viction,  that  the  insurance  upon 
each  voyage  is  not  more  than  15 
per  cent*" 

The  ipemoir  goes  on  to  observe, 
that  the  traffic  is  at  present  obvi- 
ously carried  on  to  the  northward 
of  the  Equator,  solely  by  contra- 
band, and  in  a  considerable  degree 
by  a  fraudulent  use  of  fte  French 


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82*      ANNUAL  RE&tStBIt,   ISta 


h  tfa^  ireeoflimeticb  to  tbe  Al^ 
tied  powers  the  meaMirei  already 
4luded  to,  ad  likdy  to  haye  the 
dSbct  df  checkings  if  ti6t  ^a&etf 
i^ressing  the  dave  trade^  aiidgoef 
oil  to  tey-^ 

''tliat  by  Portugal  and  the 
Brii2tls  the  trade  ought  to  be  car* 
^  oh  oiily  io  the  touth  of  the 
E^Uktc^;  hut  it  &  Notorious  that 
th6  ^ov^Ors  alkd  bffieers  of  the 
PotUxa^ese  settlemtots  on  the  cbast 
ot  Amca  north  of  the  fe^uator 
^hcotittige  th^  tride,  and  assist  by 
every  TtiesR&  hi  their  pdwet  itt 
itftVfe  trad^  who  resort^  contrary 
to  tritety  and  tb  law,  to  durt  part 
of  the  coast. 

« thdte  trtkdto,  wheh  Kkdy  td 
b^  d6t^t^  ^th  slav^  on  board, 
khow  the  French  fla^  and  tinis 
fedcapb  the  penalties  wMcht}i'e  Ibw 
would  inflict  upon  them. 
.  **  That  it  may  therefore  hp  ex- 
pedi^t  tojoxh  with  hid  ini^drty  in 
totreatin^  the  Ung  of  France  to 
adopt  tomb  of  ^ote  mea&nM  fbft* 
btitting  do^^  the  dave  trade,  WMA 
had  h^n  found  effectual  in  dthcjr 
countries. 

''  The  dieasui^s  wMch  ^htpexA 
ujpon  the  Frendi  g^ovenunent,  iii« 
iependehdy  of  the  legidatute,  arfe, 

''  Ist,  The  estatfl&hment  hi  the 
cQlohieft  of  a  sttidt  rtj^jUtry^  of 
daveft,  whereby  to  ascert^  ^  dl 
times,  whether  any  new!y  iinport- 
td  slaves  h^(Ve  becoi  pun^lased  oh 
ix^y  plantatldn.  The  efibct  of  this 
ml^sure  W6uld  ndt  he  tatiAnkd  to 
thje  check  it  would  give  to  t^e  inl- 
portatibii  of  ^aves ;  it  wbuM 
manifest,  in  a  still  stronger^de^:e6, 
the  determinatibn  of  the  Idnc  to 
put  an  ^nd  to  the  traffic ;  aim  it 
would  stimulate  ^i^  ^bvenidk9  tM 
officers  to  attend  to  the  stHct;  ex^ 
€Ution  of  the  laws  bn  the  subject. 

"  ft  must  be  obterved,  that  the 
measure    was   suinrested    at   'Aie 


rbob^  CdD||i^dr  Ak-l^GiriMlli; 
b^  Uie  Me  minister  %£  FhMbi 
but  has  not  yet  bete  pMdH^faed  bf^ 
an^  nrSnue^lxce* 

*^2hiT&at  Afekfaifedf  Fhltaf 
snould  en6ourage  lue  cA|^ft4ue  tf 
da^B^hj]^  frandUletitly  tMyhsjf 
6n  a  contmkLiid  trade  unwn  Ai 
Fr^ch  fla|,  by  the  groiit  df  Otf 
tessel  «tnd  eqnbiments^  in  the  Wi^ 
ft  nrfke,  to  tM  dafitoj%  afid  tf 
houL-mOnby  rot  the  ilkegitM^  ciB^ 
tured, 

**  Thik  measure  vrinM  Mre  \hi 
kame  ecKX^in  stitnuFatirite  to  taepdN 
formanceof  their  duty,  Uios^  (mfg^ 
ed  yklA  the  ta^  of  pnttmg  down 
this  trade, by  ^owmg  theniftktalt^ 
jest]^'s  continued  determinanontiifi 
It  shotild  be  put  dbwil. 

"The  Ftench  gbvfemwent  ioi^ 
then  propose  to  the  IcpsnlfeMy 
uiat  the  law  might  b6  ]]n|itvrve4 
and  its  ^BVeHlaes  VL^xatA  jpesMk 
ensa^  in  carrying  on  tbe  sMi 
tfide  be  increlided. 

"Thosfe  imprbtemeutsihi^lfe 
firstj  tib  mi&e  the  proof  of^idair^ 
tra£ng  consist,  not  only  in  ha^Hju^ 
"daVes  cm  board,  but  in  haying  ob 
boaird  those  means  of  coierdcrn,  iai 
that  description  of  equipment  aitii 
iittiiiS  ^  of  the  vessd,  vfhdA  h 
kaomi  to  b^  neceiwry  for  a  yeisS 
io  employed,  and  for  no  othlar.. 

""  pte  pendties  Of  the  hi  w 
bb  increased  to  ^pdfief 
mdrUes;  which,  wiOi  ^  fd 
iure  df  tSie  Adp  ahd  cargb,  andtBb 
more  active  diech  upbA  thb  thAr 
tni^t,  it  miy  be  nopei,  put  tlh 
end  to  it  entiitjly  ifa  Fraince.^ 

T^  this  meihoit  the  AuMf^ 
mini^Cieir  reamed,  in  viitue  of  i 
fjidvti  the  eihpdhir,  that  His  i 
^k^iMy  "tot^emai^ 
jjetleitJl  dec^tioh,  ^mhobnoog 
tile  iiTVSriaHe  iiitbh^m  bf  ffie 
'Po^SH^rs  id  put  itn  end  to  file  l&*e 


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FVBlit   BO€tJll*:*^«./       83* 


^  1%  laK  i  port  inlK^Mtamci' 
DJr  VlticH  me  tmntune  pbin^en^ 

lonnt  0^  ulCi^cod  to  toQCcrt-flandiiK 
ufioniehnB^  sn  order  to  ctecuiie  it 
piracy—* 

''  To  withdraw  the  use  and  pro^ 
toBootk/m  the  Austrian  flag  ntnn 
iMifi&dals  bom  out  of  the  Atisi> 
^tHfe^  ttoitoiy  (if  rtich  shod4 
€ki8t);  whoinouM  liyaS  themselti^ 
I  to  oorer  a  oofaunerce  in 


With  respect  to^sucsk  inthe  xnea^ 
ftGrts  ptbpMefl  as  tegard  patticu- 
nSif  tSfe  French  guveiiiitRnity  %be 
emperor  of  Austria  reserved  id 
flbiMf  t6  cause  thiBiii  to  \it  sup- 
pofirted  uf  hn  niuuroBr  at  Paris'^  in 
SMh  ibrnl  as  nod^ht  be  judgM  tfei^ 


kuBwer  of  the  pi^njkvten* 
finite  oF  France^  ifiat  tbi  intro^ 
duotioa  of  much  palHatit^  matter^ 
Kud ,  an  in^^^mpt  to  er^lafn  why 
fklSBt  .oi^iiiion  in  JRrtmcb  is  lesi 
m6mm  thah  in  £tig&na  to  th^ 
ild0pti6ti  tif  iheasures  ^dated  for 
IMfbl^er  suppression  df  the  dav^ 
^tJUt,  ifilVms  to  Hiik!  coenSve  m^ 
tt*ttr  fhWbsed  %  thfe  dtftcb  of 
wHBititSti  in  flife  fb&r^^  'msta^ 

^  Fiieiiidi  ^&£st^s^te  t)x^ 
xeadiitetti  ^  to  ti^;n.anjr  di^^larfltiMl 
WhsiHfelJr  i;rith  Afe  otherpoWerfc, 
BsiiBihg  td  put  down  tUs  odicm^ 
ftftiitehfe,  and  to  inftict  upon  ihk 
guilty  the  v^geande  of  the  Ik^ 
fhA  i  decXaiiticm,  \<^ch  Would 
eVcry  go^rnment  to  Ap^^ 

§  slave  m&i  the  p^iiiishiii^t 
a  irpon  {Aracy^  knd  i^Uch 
c6nv^  it  into  a  geniml 
,ik^  Ibt  ihfe  (AiiSSz^  Wdnc^,  isk 
thni^  ^Idch  ooea  not  appesr  to 
iffirem  tb  be  \^ihiQ  the  comnetencjr 
•ofpijitlcilco^tfcrence.  menlte 
'^tSaatkht  bt  d^th  is  in  questioii, 
it  tt  t!h6  JO&M  dt  legidati^e 
bodies,  aconrding  to  the  particular 


fbAns  of  gu^i^Hlritettty  tmt  are, 
<l(QM  ti^oh  to  Hiact  ili  ffotKii$|*^ 
tk'morejuse,  tUn  ^  witMbfi&#%lie 
jtbtfeGoii  or  ^¥tthdti  flagfh)if 
ftire^ers  Who  \safgbt  use  ft  t5 
cover  ike  traffic  in  sla^ttt;  but 
Fttaoe  hasV>  occasion  to  prohibit 
that  Which  she  has  never  perAntted. 
^The  engagement  to  prohibit 
fte  inxportaoon  into  the  stat^  di 
(be  ASibiL  Po#^,  df  coldnia!^ 
Aoce,  beldnnig  tb  the  states  wvith 
fiiould  ndt  Save  abofished  the  slav^ 
famAef  is  a  in^a#dre  whh^  tvotild 
'bhly  affect  Portugal^  and  th^ 
hbvWno  reprei»ntative  irt  Con- 
^t^it  is  but  an  act  Of  justice  to 

EaU^  and  ^ow  her  to  be  heard  ift 
ist  own  oLUse. 

•*l>e  measiires  indicated  with 
rqafard  to  France  are  liniited;  but 
flSy  iait  SI  matter  of  law,  kafi 
ooiise^en^  tiiey  ought  to  waii 
xhe  f^|[^robation  of  publit  ojjuuoki 
to  ensure  their  sdtderir. 

*'The  Fteich  governihfent  wffl 
tSKe  ihclm  mtb  their  cdii^eraticU| 
When  tbe  tih^  fc^  doing  so  Am 
lA^e  arrived :  it  ujfty  pO'SsfWy  p6f- 
init  the  r^^ti^nratiou  of*  naves^ 
htft  ft  daiinot  tti&gMke  tH  opini6n 
fiiat  such  an  ihtetl^frence  of  au- 
HibiTl^  WoOld  Ife  4  viohftibri  ot  the 
mbk  #  ^ro]p4rtV,i^  ritht  satred 
|jS)fe  %ifl  ofller«,4nd  which  thelawd 
*f  tJreat  Bfttffii  ie^ct,"  f^y  th^ 
f^feti*  mihhtert,  *'^eh  in  its  et^ 
44atragarta^  ani  caprices." 

The  nleinOr^uni  of  the  British 
|p?vehitiiWt  expresses  regret  "  that 
ftance  should  be  the  onljr  p^owet 
imioii^st  ni^  ^eat  moTitiitte '  states 
OT  ^tscdopS,  w^dse  govemitfeiit  hid 
"b^'^iiitefSl  intbthe  treaties  Which 
;]^^M^  girded  with  his 
"tVitliSiUaib  "mijesty,  ftir  givfi^  to 
^^idrti^  Si  the  Ih^  of  eacS  of 
the  contracting  parties  d  limited 
^Mhr  6f  tefthjh  tod  capture  of 
^ijps  e^n^a^  in  tHni  davfe  trstde. 


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84*      ASNUAL  REGISTER,  IftW. 


.  <^  The  French  0(m«dtut]fnv"ny- 
itft  minist^niy  '^abolifiheg  con^sci^- 
tioQ ;  with  regard  to  the  right  of 
search^  if  the  Frendi  govemmeot 
could  ever  consent  to  it^  it  would 
have  .the  most  disastrous  cons&« 
quences.  The  national  character 
of  the  two  people^  French  and 
English,  forhids  it ;  and  if  proofs 
Wfsre  necessary  to  support  thk 
opinion^  it  would  suffice  to  call  to 
mind,  that,  even  in  this  ycar^  in 
profound  peace^  French  hlood  has 
flowed  on  the  coasts  of  Afidca* 
France  acknowledges  the  liberty  of 
the.  seas  to  all  foreign  flags,  to  whaU 
ever  le^imate  power  Uiey  .may 
belons :  she  only  demands  for  her* 
self  that  independence  which  she 
respects  in  others,  and.  which 
belongs  to  her  own  dignity." 

The  answer  of  the  Foissiaa 
plenipotentianes  shortly  remarks, 
that  the  kine  of  Prussia  continues 
invariably  faithful  to  the  principle 
of  humanity  which  induced  the 
vers  who  m^ed  the  act  of  the 
iffress  of  >  Vienna  to  deccee  the 
otion  of  the  slave  trade ;  and 
that  they  eire  fully  authorised  to 
concur  in  any  fresh  dedaratbn 
which  the  Allied  G)urts  deem 
necessary  in  order  to  manifest  anew 
their  sentiments  on  diis  head ;  but 
that>  with  respect  to  the  poli- 
tical and  legislative  measures  which 
the  British  government  may .  con- 
sider the  best  adapted  to  correct  the 
abuses  complained  of,  they  can  only 
take  such  a  proposition  ad  refer" 
endum;  and  they  declare  their 
opinion,  that  previously  to  deciding 
upon  what  the  F-ng^wb  govern- 
mentxequiresirom  France,  it  would 
he  expedient  to  wait  for  the  explan^ 
ations  which  the  French  plenipo- 
tentiaries were  ^bput  to  give  on 
the  subject.  • 

The    Russian  plenipotentiaries 
Wiwer.tha  .duke  of  .WelUngton's 


r  by  .  aanoiiig^  lie 
British  .floveiauaeDt  that  it  mir 
confldeziUy*  rely  upon  the  rpadtncwt 
of  the  emperor  of  Russia  to  secoiMi 
its  renewed  eflorts  to  aorrnmiTiih. 
the  total  abolition  of  th^.sttve^ 
tEade. 

"  Amon^  the  measiirps  pv»% 
posed  to  this  effect/'  they  obaone^ 
"  there  are  som^  in  which^Rusaii 
is  immediately  ooncernecL  and  x^ 
niecting  which  the  ylenipotcn- 
tiaries  wiU  now  state  his  inpexiil 
majesty's  opinion. 

"  Thore  axe  others  whLJi  afiect 
more  particularly  his  ini9est7*s 
allies. 

*'  Amongst  the  first  should  be 
classed  the  prqject  of  a  dechucatian 
announcing  to  Europe,  that  all  the 
powers  continue  in  the  firm  leao^ 
lution  to  ,  prevent  this  culpaUe 
tmffic,  wherever  aq^^  sriUfhsw 
to  prosecute  it. 

'^The  Russian  plenipotentianeii 
have  orders  to  sign  s^cb  a  declanr* 
tion.  It  will  be  with  the  higfaeit 
satisfaction  that  the  enmeror  will 
furnish  this  guarantee  of  the  peiv 
severance  with  which  he  seda  to 
fulfil  the  eneagememts  he  has^oooa 
tracted ;  and  his  majes^  is  xefdjr 
at  the  same  time  to  make  knowm 
in  concert  with  his  allies,  that  he 
will  never  su£^  individuals  bam 
out  of  his  territories  to  adoj^  his 
flag  and  abuse  the  protection  it 
would  aflbrd  them  in  order  to  ootCf 
a  commerce  in  slaves-  . 

^'The  proposition  of  interdict 
ing  trade  in  colonial  produce  with 
states  who  should  refuse  to  abolisb 
t^  slave  trade,  also  forms  rart  fi 
the  measures  in  which  th^  Emp^ 
ror  is  more  particularly  concerned^ 

'f  In  admitting,  the  necessity  of 
having  recourse  to  efficacious  mesr 
8iu*es  with  regard  to  those  states 
his  majesty  tlunks  that,  if  the  si- 
lled cabinets  were  to  confine  ibfapf 


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PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS.         85*» 


m^Sres  'io  adoptnie  tbe  ^etennina- 
twit  pcnnt^d  out  hy  tli6  csbinet  ov - 
ijomon,  ihcy  wottM  vtul  be  rar 
ftokn  obtslninff '  the  olH^sct  which 
they  fiaveui  view ;  tna  tiliat  ai  ge- 
neral suspension  of  all  commerce 
Whatever,  with  the  only  power 
Whi«&  has  tiot  hitherto  ibrUdden 
4^  slate  trade  t6  the  north  of  the 
£>iiie>'  woqM  tend  inuch  more 
proniptly  to  the  desired  result. 

**  However  prejudiciid  to  the  in* 
letests  of  Russia,  the  interruption 
of  commercial  relations  estabMshed 
lor  ho  long  a  series  of  years  be- 
tween her  and  Portugal  might  be, 
if  the  allies  of  lus  imperial  majes^ 
if  were  to  consent  to  adopt  tliis 
measure,  the  emperor  would  not 
hesitate  to  imj)Ose  on  himsetf*  the 
same  sacrifice;  but  it  appears  to 
him  that  it  would  in  any  -case  be 
ti^,  previouriy  to  apprise  the 
Court  of  Lisbon  of  the  consequences 
which  its  reftrsal  totally  to  abolish 
the  slave-trade  would  entail  upon 
it.  The  allied  cabinets  will  doubt- 
less admit,  that  equity  demands 
this  prior  measure. 

'"^As  to  the  other  propositioiM 
made  by  die  duke  of  Wellincton, 
and  wMch  are  more  particWarly 
interesting  to  the  iliarititne  powers, 
^llte  Russian  cabinet  will  constantly 
express  the  wish  wMch  the  empe- 
toit  ftmns,  that  such  arrangement 
Biay  be  made  between  those  powers 
as  will  enable  each  of  them  to 
tup^ress  tiie  traffic  amonest  their 
respective  subjects,  by  aeclarinff 
•it  to  be  an  act  of  piracy.  And 
tu  amongst  these  propositions  there 
are  some  which  particularly  con- 
cern the  government  of  the  French 
idng,  the  emperor  is  ready  to  sup- 
port the  same  in  ^e  negodations 
which  may  take  place  upon  dns 
^biect.** 

A  &1.1  cmiferaioe  appears  to 
haVebeeiiheld  at  Verona  on  the 


3Mt  of  November,  when  the  fol- 
lowing leaedutions  respecting  the' 
abolitioh  of  ^e  slave  trade  were 
adopted:-— 

"Tlie  plenipotehtiafies  of  Aus^' 
trta,  of  France,  of  Crreat  Britain,* 
of  Prussia,  and  of  Russia, -asseai- 
Ued  in  xdngtess  at  Verona,  con- 
sidering tl^  thdr  august  sovo-' 
reigns  mive  teiksn  part  m  the  de- 
dtoation  of  the  8th  of  Felmiaty, 
1815,  by  which  the  pbwei%  assem- 
bled at  the  congress  of  ^enna 
hikve  proclaimed  in  the  face  of  Eu- 
rope their  invariable  resc^udon  to 
put  a  stop  to  the  commerce  known 
by  the  name  of  the  African  slave- 
trade; — 

-  "Conmdering,  moreover,  that, 
notwithstanding  this  declaration, 
and  in  spite  of  the  legislative  mea- 
sures which  have  in  consequence 
been  adopted  in  various  countries, 
and  'a£  the'  several  treaties  con- 
cluded since  that  period  between 
ihe  maritime^  powers,  this  com- 
merce, solemnly  proscribed,  has 
continued  to  this  very  day ;  that  it 
has  gained  in  activity  what  -it 
may  have  lost  in  extent ;  that'  it 
has  even  taken  a  still  more  odious 
character,  and  is  become  more 
direadful  fiom  the  natu^  of  the 
means  to  which  those  who  carry 
it  on  are  compelled'  to  have  re- 
course ;— 

"  That  the  cause  of  so  revolting 
an  abuse  are  diiefly  to  be  foiind  in 
^e  fraudulent  practices,  by  meant 
of  which  the  persons  engaged  in 
tJiese  nefarious  speculations  elude 
thie  laws  of  their  country,  and  the 
vigilance  of  the  cruisers  stationed 
to  put  a  ttop  to  their  inquiries^ 
imd  veil  those  criminal' operations 
of  which  thousands  of  humaQ 
beings  annually  become  their  in- 
nocent victims ; — 

"  Tliat  the  powers  of  Europe  are 
caHed  upoti  by  their  previout  en- 


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BT       ANDTtJAi    R|£GlSTea«    W3. 


4i^,  to  S99lt;  ^  iH^  efi^onnt 
iB^^M^  cf  pi«yi|EMEing  a  tro^  ipbiG]|. 
the  laws  of  almost  erexy  ci^lui^ 
Qpiui^  lwv«  ^Uwdy  ded$u3e4  to  be 
cuJ^IJs  and  illegal^  fuid  of  puQial^ 
ing  unitii  seyeritgf  ihpie  w W  peiw 
Qftin  canyingit  on,  i^  iiu^u^ 
yiolatiofi  of  tliofe  lE^wp^-r 

^^ They  aokaowladge  t^i^Nt- 
aty  of  devoting  the  ii^9s^  a^ou^ 
attoation  to  an  olj^  af  ^udb  w-i 
portan^  to  tlia  honoiurand  W- 
Iwrq  of  huQ^ani^,  ^  ooqseqi^tly 
4ockKe»  m  tfaa  ipama  qf  tljeir  aun 
gust  gov^F^gn^ 

'^  T^t  tliiy  egntiijMie  firm  in  tho 
principles  and  sentiments  manifest- 
ed  by  those  sovereigns,  in  the  decla- 
ration of  th^  8th  ofFehnwy,  )«U  J 
aiid  that  tbejr  haye  n&vex  C9^4^ 
no9r  ever  wilreea^ej  to  consider  th^ 
aiavo-tiade  ai|  ^a  fopiupge  wMob 
lias  top  long  desolated  ^^oa^  dfw 
graded  Eupopey  and  ftfflicted  hv^m^ 
nity;'  and  uiatth^y  ai8  ^peady  ^ 
concur  in  ey^ry  thu^  that  may  fOr 
^ure  and  acodeips^te  the  ooigp^ 
and  final  abo^^n  of  tl^t  ^affic  ;yrr 

'^  That  in  pider  to  give  i^ealf  to 
this  renewed  decla9nat|o%  tl^ 
i^eqpective  oftbinets  will  eagady 
e^iev  into  th#  exapninat|on  of  any 
measure^  compatible  wi^  their 
xi^ita  an4  t^  iatevest  o^  ^eir 
sutgects,  to  produce  a  result  tfiat 
may  prove  to  tl^/^  world  the  since* 
ri^  of  tlvp^  wisl:^  9Dd  of  i^ 
efiorts  i^  ifavcMir  of  a  cause  wor^y 
of  their  co^uuon  solicii^de*" 

The  directors,  WW  4e^iiM 
th^  negotiations  upop  ^  sul^^ 
of  the  slav^  trade  which  too^ 
nlaoe  al}  t)ie  recent  eopgyesf  i^ 
Verooa,  i^itidpate  the  ^onenfr 
renoe  of  the  general  moetinj^  wIm^ 
they  venture  to  express  th^  biltsr 
distq^pointment  at  the  DCfuk  ^ 
thesaconfawnoM^if  iiyk^anyfa* 
voufahk  wijjlt  %t  ^  can  bf  mj^ 


pact  of  a  ^total  fifp^PW^Mft  o£  th* 
ia^rea^ed  ai»d  iaezefoipg  hosmaef 
that  odious  tiafic  sossib  jiMiiai 
more  diytfeu^t thaipi  ever;  a^i^  th% 
dkectava  inuit  he  i^Qow^  to  la- 
ment, thfl^  as  they  adi^anof  ia  A% 
$schain  of  t)ife  impaptapll  ^^ 
oonfid^  tQ  tbfpi  by  t^  fc^. 
apiibersj  the  gpea^  obiap^  ^^IM 
both  hawe  a(  liaait  igpp^aat^  s%* 
cede  fipom  tl|e|r  view. 

Thisimpypssirm  they  jhnppiJaii 
t^  it  impossiUe  to  lesiiti  fpi 
th«y  think  it  mus^  opemle  wi|l| 
equal  foree  on  all  tbosp  friea^iif 
the  African  osgosei,  who  will  efsv 
so  di^^y  attend  to  ^  eondtt^t  af 
France,  4nd  the  language  of  it^ 
j^biipotantiaiies,  in  repfy  to  thii 
memorial  of'  the  duke  of  Wd^ 
linofeon- 

Wli^n  aeting  in  cimaert  witk  tha 
Allied  Powers,  diey  ooncar  in  aU 
those  vi^ue  geiyirriities  of  «ciW 
reprpbationj  whidis  as  iT|isaiffniif 
teaohas,  biiod  then  to  m^  sfinijif 
efficient  meaaui^  and  ftoas  whi4 
they  could  not  ynfii  any  yimhknop 
of  honour  or-good  iinfi^  xetke; 
but  when  prasejl  bjy  the  Aike  ^ 
prove  th^  sin^eri^  by  adM<ii« 
sueh  a  lane  of  action  as  should  In 
really  efficsmt,  ^ttm  answer  is  f 
mere  tissue  of  otii|sf<j  fimnda^ 
some  of  tt^ett  on  misrapraipafpp 
tions  of  fact,  otl^era  on  uiiuasi 
stances  of  wUch  the  ofislPiHWg 
be  protracted,  toi  tgk  ind^Qoite  #* 
tent,  and  of  ft  natuv^  w^idi  Av 
pcefoid  not  to  l^ave  tjio  pafv% 
and  esrtainly  4^  not  eihibil  tlf 
liiait  inrlTnatjon  tp  altw  ov  ifiBifP 
— via. '' to  npfly  to  the  sb^  ^ 
thepiini^ipentrfmiaQy^  ^^W 
yond  the  limits  or  potttwfl  aoir 


To  affix  to  it  the  peiMhf  «f 
4fB9fii^  is  ^  jwBirhil  or  liuf'T*** 

8iw«i%  ¥iim^  ^im^tm  «* 


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RUBifclC  prftjuuj4Bl«T^      m 


JBttikl   M^V   a^BBfMk     Piyrtllfinl-    BchA 

JBiilft  fchfln^ciVB  be  kMyil>" 

te  Iftkui  iftio  flinp4?gitiim  when 

IIm  tiiie  &«  io  4a»n0  dMl  toff? 
mmitt^  j  but  wpuU  te  •  noi4. 

tlie  laws  of  Great  Britain  .iTimp[t 
t^mn^   ift   i^  %i^itmi^%ini^^   and 


gnoat  disailDDiis  ixiiiittiii£iiceL" 
,    VVt9^  fia^^Qlfttjon,  aftM?  tl^  rf 

Sil  «>9i  fvm  t^  ^DW^»  fi9 

.    Xl^f   4wctomi    Q^    eaQMW 

.tb^  dfifip  foid  oom^inued  ifgiwty 

.ilift    the    Portugu^lt     forfva- 

jQ^tft^ceAu^  toiKo^e^  to^ojr 

;f^fi|8pwi  cakwlft^  for  the  further 

imw^8«i^  of  ^  «^ve  ^i^«^  i  and 

IMi  a««  gneved  to  be  \m^  ibp 

M<W9MgE  »r  ]|ow  suiting  tbf  x«^ 

#|i^c^  tluit  gofe^iiaevil^  even  to 

nda^  tine  artjoe  wbidi  WQ*  in^i- 

^josed  in  tb^  last  v^post^  i^tboiiffb 

t^  docmqeot  wai  W  on  toe 

.tfUeof  ^  Houfl^  oi  CamfO0U9, 

jt^  erdeioed  to  be  printed  during 

j^  Jast  BMjpnnj  w^out  any  no- 

4ki.  tbfU  it  bad  not  beep  ratified^ 

.fue  imr  Mitimaf^  of  the  tximsW^ 

Jipn  b^i29qpei£H;|^    Itiatobe 

finiod  c4  6<  34  of  the  Cpsr^spofi- 

.4fnef|  wiA  F^cfdg^  Powers,  ^c- 

4991  .tfae  St^vertM^  which  wfi  Of- 

ifimifiL  t0*  be  print^  oi»  the  1ft  of 

-4^^  1^2^  and  (H^gMim  to  hi^ve 

ihm  mciotcd  in  ^  ppte  from  M.  de 

,j|^9|]^ein>Ferfeii»,  his  PartMme^ 

fWOlMr'>  ffcjwtaiy  of  itttte,  d|^ 

:rt  tfee  pfi%Q  of  Rip  ,Jai»ai|p,  in 

;4ml»  l^l»   ^  ^e  mdbit  hou. 

t«»j(Mr'rwn]4ter4imi  inwhi^ 


M>  da  Ps^i*^^^*^  4,>A>— >M  ,  .j|. 
'TBGoatoDs  that  he  haa  oecsiTfid  the 
tow  flif  Pqrtuirt'«  oriw  tq  d^r 
clasa  eaoMrciilY.  and  officjallv^  that 
t^e  kwg  m;p«^  tp  tl^  fisfyiiU 
/f  Uoj^fli^  ill  *«►  ▼«!  tow  1^ 

■cnmaiinnnigatfld  tO  hiSLf   and  hfla  Wi 

,Q9nfffl^<qnfie  yym  fflWpry  fey  tgamr 
jDOittiu  tq  hi^  ep^ioar  ft  the  court 
of  Ixindoa  the  i^eqWfW7  F^we^ 
§lff9P9$ii^  1^  ar^id^  and  for 
f^gning  1^4  fHbspri}^  it  on  its 
«PK>vA  tflgpftef  vwa  his  ft^- 

V^^  t^eye  nynystainyn^  thp 
directors  haid  reason  to  M^eyi^  lhi|t 
Ihe  tx^mfaction  wf^  conjplete  ;  land 
imder  thai  iippeefp^fn^  tfaej  inr 
.jested  in  uieir  ]a9t  igejie^rt  an  eanct 
jcojj^  of  the  additiofifd  ^fle^ftow 
the  pavliam^te^  P^PfF^S  i^ut  ofi 
that  oocasioft  they  9nf<^  ip  ^N^^> 
what  they  puigbt  h%^ie  $^^  upefi 
the  au^hocity  of  thofp  pftl^  the 
foDowing  apnanently  (»i^ciusiicp 
testivoajr  to^ie  cgmpl^oggf  4^ 
pmonctH^i-r^"  In  wi^n^  whei:eQf 
we,  the  iinf>yiy}gned.  ple&ipotei^ 
tiaiief,  duly  a)ithQri«ira^  ea  bo^, 
tjrjr  our  respcy^ve  pever^^CTi^  \i9m^ 
supned  it,,  and  h^ye  tnei:eu^ 
amed  thf  seab  of  pup  aso^ 
Done  in  London,"  &c.  Npt^w^ 
standing,  however,  the  fonmUy 
of  this  docuxoefit,  it  ww  agpei^rs 
.  til^  llo  farther  ||ep  hu  heen  t«|^ 
by  the  Pcvt^guepe  gpvepnjp^t, 
^  that  ^  t^^y  vm«^  ftiii 
unratified. 

The  dicect^rs  have  np  re^so^  tP 
iKlieye^  that  eay  relaxation  in  the 
French  slave4rBde  has  taj^en  pla<^ 
durioa  the  hgft  year-  AU^P<^ 
,  they  Aave  not  at  pre^snJ^  suoi 
asnpie  detail^  to  lay  b^ore  t^e 
n>e<?^ng  a#  on  severed  fom^  ec- 
caifion^  yet  y^  faih^im^  smm^ 
lyill  s^cNPr  in  what  pqde  that 
ifBlpc  po^(i|uies  to  be  ouwd  P9^ 


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W^       ANirUAL   RfiOISTEft,    1^. 


-h  istrieen^firaoi'Amrmtitelaldy 
wUislied  hj  the  cominiftee  of  ik^ 
Society  of  Friends  for  pronodng 
t}ie  total  abbHtion  of  tke  slave- 
ttttde;  and  the  civcumstuices  of 
the  case  are  stated  as  being  an- 
thenticated  by  official  docmnents. 
Astiie  ittfbiioiatKm  mig^t  probaUy 
"be  new  to  most  of  the  subscribers, 
the  report  adds  the  foflon^ing  de- 
tail of  this  transaction  :-— 

The  brig  Vigilante  sailed  from 
t^antes  on  a  slave  ▼03rBge^  and 
^was  captured  by  lieutenant  Mild- 
may  in  the  rirer  Bonny,  on  the 
coast  of  Afnoa,  on  the  15th  d[ 
April,  1822. 

Her  burdi^  was  240  tons^  and 
she  had  on  board,  at  the  time  of 
lier  capture,  $4/5  dares.  She  was 
manned  by  30  men,  armed  with 
ibur  12  pounders,  all  of  wMdi 
•  were  brought  over  to  one  side  of 
the  sMp  for  the  attack. 

The  cinsumstanoes  of  the  case 
are  thus  stated:  —  Sir  Robert 
Mends  was  conmiander  of  a 
squadron  on  the  coast  of  Afiica, 
stationed  there  by  the  British  go- 
vernment to  prevent  the  infrac- 
tion of  the  laws  for  the  aboli- 
tion of  the  slave-trade.  He  sent 
out  lieutenant  Mildmay,  with  the 
boats  belonging  to  his  vessel,  to 
reoonnmtre  the  river  Bonny,  a 
plaoe  notorions  for  carrying  on 
this  traffic.  The  boats  having 
crossed  the  bar  soon  af^  day- 
light, about  seven  o'clock,  six  sail, 
two  schoonenand  four  brigs,  were 
observed  lying  at  anchor  off  the 
town  of  Bonny.  When  the  boots 
were  about  four  miles  off,  they 
lUspIayed  their  colours;  and,  as 
they  advanced,  the  slave^veasds 
were  seen  moored  across  the 
stream,  with  ^[Krinffs  on  their 
cables,  all  armed,  wiui  apparently 
about  400  slaves  on  board,  and 
the  crews  fully  jirepared  to  resist 


any  sMsk  Hm  aigk  ^i 
iqpen  them.  The  tw» 
and  thiee  of  tiie  bri^  opipd-m 
heavy  fire  of  canister  aM  gnp6» 
shot  and  musketry  upas  the  £og« 
liah  boats  aaihey  advaaced. 

When  the  hitter  *  weae  nmt 
eaongh  for  dieir  shots  -  to  talie 
effect,  the  firing  was  iiituiuA 
They  advaaoed,  mmA  in^a  Amtt 
time   took  possession  of  all  tiie 

The  ether  shrn  proved  t^  be^ 
the  Yeanam,  a  Spanish  sclioow 
hma  the  Havannah,  of  d60  torn, 
and  ^80  sbwes  on  board;  the 
Vicua,  a  ^wnish  sdiooDer  ham, 
the  Havannah,  1-80  tons,  -a^  S25 
slaves  on  board;  the  Petite  Belscy, 
a  French  brig  from  Nantes/  IM 
tan^,  with  218  alaves  en  bond; 
the  Usnile,  a  French  hrigurtiBe 
ftom  St.  Pieire,'  Mardmqne,  100 
tons,  end  847  daves  on  board ;  aH 
manned  uid  armed  in  saofa  a  way> 
as  that  they  might  fi|^  ^eipe* 
rately  if  attacked.  Hie  Theodkoe, 
a  French  brig^  had*  no  akvea  «■ 
board ;  but  a  ei»go  was  mi  sfaoR^ 
in  readiness  for  embarkation. 

Many  of  the  slaves  jimqied 
ov^-hoard  during  ^e  eiwagenMnty 
and  ware  devoural  by  the  shaikh 
On  board  tiie .  Yeanam,  wMdi 
made  the  most  detenni&ed  re* 
sistanoe,  the  slaves  suffered  much : 
four  were  killed,  and  ten  woimded. 
Of  the  wounded,  three  weate-  fe- 
males ;  one  girl  about  ten  3rena  of 
age,  lost  both  her  le^,  another 
her  right  arm,  and  a  third  was  dmt 
in  the  side.  Even  afWr  tin  vessd 
had  been  surrendered,  a  number 
of  the  Spanish  saikm  skidked 
below,  and,  arming  th^  slsvea  vrith 
muskets,  made  uiem  fire  upwaras 
upon  the  British.  On  boud  tkk 
ship  lieutenant  Mildmay  observed 
a  slave  giri,  about  twelve  or  thir- 
'^•cn    years  of  age,  is  irooi^  to 


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PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS. 


OQNK 


■wTifch  •  tfti  *  ftilftnrt  a  ikkk  iron 
timin,  ten  feet  in  kngtB^ihut  wag 
Aaggcd  along  as  sbe  moved.  He 
twdeied  the  giri  to  be  insttotly 
rekased  from  this  fetter;  and^that 
the  captain  whohad  treated  her  so 
isnicily  mig^t  not  be  ignoivnt  of 
tiio  pnn'  inflicted  upon  an  on* 
ptooteoied  ana  innocent  childy  the 
vona  were  online  to  be  put  npon 
him. 

The  Spanish  sdiooner  Vioua, 
-mbext'  taken  pofsesaon  c€,  had  a 
iig^ited  match  hanging  over  the 
oven  itegaaine  hatch.  The  match 
was  pla^  there  by  the  crew,  be- 
nsB  thejr  leaped  over-bottrd  and 
swam  for  the  flhore :  it  i^as  seen 
b^'mie  of  the  British  seamen,  who 
-Mdir  put  bla  ha^  under  the 
burning  wick  and  removed  it; 
^%e  magazine  contained  a  large 
^tianti^  df  poWder*  'One  sparh 
from  lixe  iknung  match  would 
haive  blown  up  895  unfortunate 
vietims  lying  in  irons  in  the  hoUL 
Thesemonstersininiquityexpressed 
ttwirde^  regret^  after  the  action, 
tint  their  maboHcal  plan  had 
failed. 

The  slaves,  at  the  time  of  the 
capture  of  the  vessel,  were  found 
in  the  most  wret^ed  condition : 
aome  lying  on  their  backs,  others 
ahting  on  ^e  bottom  of  ^e  ships. 
They  were  chained  to  each  other 
by  die  arms  and  lees ;  iron  collars 
were  placed  round  their  necks. 
In  addition  to  these  provisions  for 
confinement,  they  were  fastened 
together  by  a  lone  chain,  whidi 
connected  several  m  ^e  collars  for 
^eir  greater  security  in  that 
'fKirafti  prison* 

Tfanmh-screws,  to  be  used  as 
iniiiiuuents  of  torture,'  were  also 
found  in  the  vessel.  From  their 
confinement  and  sufierings,  the 
slaives  often  injured  thcmsdvesby 
*beatnig,   and  vented  their  grief 


upon  AUwk  Sv  'Were  next  tibem,*  bji^ 
biting  and  tearbg  theu:  flesh* 
Some  <jii  them  were  bound  witlh 
cords,  and  many  had  their  arm^ 
grievously  lacerat^.  Upwards  of 
150  of  the  slaves*  died  on  their 
to  Sierra  Leone.  The 
schooner  from  the  D»- 
vannah  was  separated'  tram  the 
o^r  vessels  in  a  dreiadftil  storm, 
as  they  vrere  proceeding  to  that 
colony,  and  sank  with  380  slaves 
dn  board.  The  other  vessels 
reached  their  destination.  *  Those 
from  Spain  were  left  at  Sierra 
Leone  far  abdication  by  the 
mixed  commission  court  of  Great 
Britain  and  Spain ;  and  those  from 
'France  were  sent  to  En^and,  to 
be  disposed  of  by  the  Bntish  go^ 
vemment,  which  ordered  them  to 
stdl  for  France.  The  slaves^  how* 
ever,  had  all  boen  previously  libe- 
rated, and  distributed  in  the  co«^ 
lony  of  Sierra  Leone,  through  the 
vHiages  settled  by  other  captured 
negroes;  where  they  have  re« 
gained  their  f^edom,  and  now 
enjoy  the  opportunity  of  being  in- 
structed in  the  arts  of  agriculture 
and  mechanics. 

The  meeting  will  recollect,  that, 
in  a  former  report,  the  directors 
stated  the  satisfacdon  they  had 
experienced  from  the  proceedings 
adopted  by  the  inhabitants  of 
^e  ishmd  of  Ceylon,  fbr  the  im- 
provement of  the  condition  of 
their  slaves,  and  for  the  emancir 
pation  of  the  children  bom  of 
female  slaves  i^ier  the  12th  of 
August,  1816. 

From  papers  lately  laid  before 
parliament,,  th^  directors  ai^  happy 
to  learn,  that  an  order  of  the  go- 
vernor of  that  islahd,  iA  council, 
was  made  in  the  year  1818,  fcH* 
securing  to  such  children  the  full 
benefit  of  the  intentions  of  the 
proprietors  of  their  mothers,  and. 


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9^        Ai^N, V/ii,   ^^9\S%^ni  IM?. 


oiaft  fiy  ff^jhlii'hiiur  ^1  f 

Th^  f^CpQWts  receiv^  during 
^e  ^^  y^  of  tke  m^as^J[;fia  {i^spr 
me4  l?y  ajr  B.  J.  Fwq^>  th^ 
gQ^cmby  of  tj^e  bk  of  rwy;^  % 

j^fjAcw  slay^^Dli^  W  that  pa|t  of 
tli9  £^lo))9,  ;arei  ^^  iRijpQr^^f 
^d  eooaur^ng,  Tuq,  Airect^iyg 
|av^  awd  wapi  tq  ))dl^v^  (ii^r 

taiue^  in  tjie  £9ljb[)w^  ^t^)>  tWt 

treaty  with  thei  Iiaauin  of  Kju^Pf^ 
for  the  tptal  abolitipn  pf  th^  sjky&r 
ttade  in  the  i^^nd  of  Jfoff^eb^it, 
and  all  the  pther  donuqions  b^ 
Ipnging  to  him. 

An  officer  of  hii^  nu^estY's  mvj* 
employed  in  thi^t  part  pf  thei  gloh^ 
writes  to  one  of  the  dire^clorf  of  t^n^ 
institu^oob  under  t^  date  of 
Japuary  last^  that  thou^  t)^e 
traffic^  1)y  a  constant  vigils^iice  on 
the  part  of  hif  exodlqncyi  sir  ]^ 
T.  Farquhar^  ai4ed  Iff  t|ie  nava^ 
force,  hasbeen  oo|i$iderably  checked> 
yet  the  fea^  pf  meeUng  with 
British  cruisers,  and  the  increased 
4i$pi(ltie|B  pf  oanying  it  pn,  have 
"unfortvuiately  ix^creased  the  horrqrs 
pf  the  ^tuation  of  ^lese  poor 
creajtyresj  ii^  their  transport  acrqs^ 
the  aes^* 

Sir  E.  T.  Fargwhar  had  beep  for 
isome  time  ocpi;^ied  in  bri^gUig 
about  a  treaty  wUh  ihp  Imaum  of 
Muscat,  fpr  the  total  abolitio^  of 
fill  traffic  in^vesin  )m  doipin^^ 
with  any  persons  whatioiev^j  fyopi 
whic^,  mo^  MTtipjiVljr  nt  ?{«»- 
^elfin  it  h^hwv  carried  W  tP 
a  proSL(ppi;i$  ext^t^  and  qtpltaui 
Jifpresby;^  who  wp  intrusted  witA 
Its  e^^tig^,  h94  r^tprped  to  the 
^lauritii^^j  baying  with  gre^  4i* 
JUi^Hce  ^n4  ^bilxty  pn^lly  arr^||gf4 
this  trq^^y  wft§  tfep  Imm  V^ 
Muscat. 


^yestafii,  4h&  A94rai8ef^ 
w^tfe  afm#,iflip^^r«w*.¥"|dpc  m 

to  ocnLvixioe  ^™-  thBl  th6  idanr 

■It    ■"fr>n"''i    VT  ^   ""^ir    iii     ^  ■  *■ » i 

^hfit  mJ^,  »Ptwitb^iftiidiM.fwwr 

governor  to  check   it._  ^f 


Vi^  of  dmg  so  w^f¥(  lYhdhi  in- 
effici/rnta  and  all  the  IftfiiVM  m^ 
prietqc^  in  th^  isl^  V^fU  ttr 
^er^6te4  in  m,qi^itaining  y||i  ^Mi^ 
|hf  diffic^UiQ8  pf  d^  gpT^i^Mlf  VffiB 
pf  course  0:eat^  iufniiftB^f 

From  l|ou£l^  ^.  mg^  iff 
Foul  Point,  on  t)^  .^^  oofn^  <||r 
Mad^gasq^;  ft  ^bich  pl^ifi  |i»> 
sidef  Mr»  H/a^de,  t]^  Qottf^ 
agents  who  has  be^  BQ^lw^y  ffV^ 
|i8efu%  empL^^d  i«  lyi^yiy 
about;  ^  taste  i;i  the  iviJiy^  W 
ampul^iW  a^d  miiits  4  f|da|p||f. 
TVnwv^  tb^  plgeetfy  Ippf  w 
4anuh«4  afforded  py<l7  iMRftvmf 

and  §  villw  vf^s  tf^  vmm 

^ng  ^^  Foju  Ppifiti 

The  natives  under  princf)  9A" 
fala^  who  had  been  brought  fnan 
^e  interipr  |o  form  t|ua  est$Mi^ 
j^enl^  were  nyild^  in  thw  numywyi, 
aQd  ^n^^Boip^a  i|i  sevexajl  ]aa4ft¥' 
manuf!^Hre%  popularly  '^  W 
pf  st?r^w  ipa^  and  ^l^v^  m^ff 
4;rM9  us  6pe  W  silk. 

Mr*  H^s^e 
tl^  pef^uQig  of  t|^e  901^  womi    , 
which  thi^  pQuntf7  is  sta^  If)  hp 

Andrppiacbc^  thft  ^^9^4^^ 
had  been  made  by  (fWW  ^- 
t^rfst^ioi  d^  pJave-to^ft  ftw« 
phieftw^js,  fcr  l|ja¥f  tip  p^iVQ 
^hi«  ji^  of  tjl^e  popl^  V^iiMfi 
^hfise  p^^  bad  i^^wWff  tWPP 


;"^i 


Irving  fm4  foi|^  4i« 


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FUB'ilC  DOCUMSITT^e       «** 


ftaJtwmoiiini  Mflri  lor  ABWrmiA 
ij»4  of  St  V9ef€,  of  Mfdiir 
g9Mr.  Oil  iUs  FMTl  of  tlia  ffi$^ 
4heie  w«8  fltopng  v^ikfon  |9pMie)re« 
TWTlTritlifllindiiMr  ftke  Mflorlnnft  #f 

^  ipliiiid  of  ZflieigiiebMv  oh  ihci 
6fwt€0f«tof4«Em.  Ttom^itliv 
^^  he«r  wi4i  ml6tfyctkm,  iM  ^ 
dun  before  ber  apivnl  llifvf >  ii 
]«^  flu^  Qioiiitluig  «0  giiii8»  Older 
Vr^ieh  ^loMr%  dim^t  from  Fniiio€w 
w|iich  had  pom9  tliitbet  far  tihifm, 
ss4  fcir  wl^  ftHklBo  Ae  M  feooi 
^mUfldy   Sited   ou^    bod  b^fl» 

wilboiit  bavlye  b^  aUo  |o  pro- 
eure  a  ibidie  ubiTe. 

it  was  ^mkr  aaoorlaiMd,  thai 
t|ie  Imaam  bad  imied  the  MOit 
wiaiti^  <«den  to  lo«  gorenMxr  of 
Xangnebarj  to  fwfc&t  the  tnflBo 
ip  wves  with  any  penpoaa  what* 
aoavar;  imd  ihefo  Uraa  taaapn  ta 
bslievo  that  Aia  g^vffwi  bad 
fipMifoUbr  ftiliUed  tboir  initruo^ 

The  lattep  speata  Kawi^y  of 
the  abundance  of  6edi  FfotbioiM 
iMid  fruit  to  be  had  et  Ztoguehar, 
and  states  ihal  Aadiniate^  thot^ 
boti  is  tempered  wth  ^ndal  nuns 
tbioDghout  tibe  year :  a  proof  of 
whiA  wai  ^xhAited  in  the  ridi 
yerduie  wfaiob  thfa  eaiireyqd  the 


On  the  wfum  af  the  AndlOn 
wacbe  to  th^  Cap^  19  paawg 
thfou^  the  ehaaiie}>  she  put  intQ 
^  PortogimasffttencBt  of  Mon 
fanhi^ie.  Tbia  wei^^bm99%  vfu 
fimiid  to  be  in  a  veiy  ]aiig«WdM| 
aiate^  eriiiiig  ffim  the  diwniib^ 
demaitd  for  da^es;  wi,  OM$Uitf 
lieriiaps  tQ  Ae  partuiM  iMeof 
fkfi  mtik^  mmitft  it  appeared  to 
be  nucfa  neglected. 


ataan^y  ap  ^  ths  ^  tep4ewy  of 
^  slave-tiade  upon  tl^  Mn^ 
sad  mcvals  of  the  pf^)p|a  of  ^o- 
ifmbiiine. 

.  The  dizectors  bare  net  yet  s^ 
cfivod  the  aamud  offiajud  doo^n 
nicnit  from  Sionii  l4«et  9Ad  ib(^ 
aia  popse^e^tly  ufiahle  to  detf4 
tbfa  eixciiiautan^  which  hare  tpk^ 
nlaee  Aese  diuaiMi  the  hwtt  veab 
Qu^  fievi  fw^  In^inpf^tioil  «i  bi|Sf 
idready  come  to  dieir  hnqr^ifflgebi, 

they  v(m  •*«*«  ^^  tf^  oojqpy 

o^ntilivw  to  make  %  gradual  iBh 
ppiqfTevifnt  ill  civi]int|on>  Vf^ug^ 
tulfi^te,  apd  in  oommerce. 

C^^lani  Thonqpson^  wfyx  wf^ 
engaged  in  the  negociation  pf  t%i 
tiea^  which  has  just  been  fU^d^ 
tft,  ktely  ipe^TYied  to  KngJtjhd  ; 
and  on  his  way  home  collected  ai^ 
hpoiig^t  i|ritfa  ^m  %  mm^  ^ 
seeds  of  Yamui  |ind^  m^  lp$Rt 
Arabu^H^Sgyp^:  aiimPttbfp 
iVe,  t)ie  ^f^  orfTfia.  tgp  T^ 
and  the  Mangofi,  w  well  aa  spme 
oAers  which  iqppeaip  teb^  v^alll^ 
ile  wee  land  enoui^  i^  PfWiI^ 
them  to  the  instituti^  mt^  (^ 
^4eifr  to  tl^  beipa  pom  ^  §|f;R1^ 
{.eone,  where  it  is  nopcA  they  mf^ 
be  succeysfnUy  and  us^Mlj  cuI^t 
yated:  they  have  aocardii||^y \ieai» 
arqt  fp  the  care  of  goverqcw 
M'Qartby  with  caftm^  T\ufn»t 
am's  9^n  remarks  npfoi  tbc^  ^fif^h 
and  upon  ^e  best  m^tb^  fl| 
xtiahg  |d«B^t9  from  iiimf  w  A9 
i^emniry  pracau^ioiis  %  ^w  <¥« 
ture  cikie  and  cultlra^gp. 

The  directors  are  happy  yi 
\im^  enab^  tt  ata^  i^  the 
loee^i^  ^t  after  YW^4  w« 
fuop^wul  triaK  imia  yftooiM 
virus,  sent  qut  to  Sienea  Leone  by 
t}iQ  brig  Waterloo,  WW  ftw^  t(9 
lucceed  jp  th^  oaifs  of  tm 
cbtlclren    who   weie    vf ocinali^ 

bum  H  by  )kfr,  ftyiy*    fvm 


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^^     ASnVtJAL  REOISTEE,  Ifelte. 


these  chiHreh  others  were  vaod- 
natefl ;  and  the  disease  ifras  pro- 
piigated  amongst  some  hundreds  Of 
persons,  with  a  fair  prospect  of  its 
being  kept  up.  Alldidwdl;  and 
it  appears'^from  these  experiments^ 
that  the  constitu^n  of  the  AfHcan 
vi  as  susceptible  of  the  influence  fft 
Tttodnation  as  that  of  the  Euro- 
peans. Measures  hare  sdso  been 
tfldcen  for  the  purpose  of  intn>- 
dticing  vaccination,  into  the  interior 
of  Amca. 

■'The' directors  have  learnt  that 
the  new  government  of  Peru  have 
issued  a  decree,  declaring  that  all 
children  of  slaves  bom  in  the  Pe- 
ruvian territory  after  the  28fli  of 
July  1821,  shsdl  be  fi«e,  and  shall 
ehjoy  the  same  rights  as  other 
Peruvian  citizens,  with  certain 
modifications. 

Societies  fbr  promoting  the  gra- 
dual abolition  of  slavery  in  all  the 
llritish  colonies  have  recently  been 
formed  in  London,  Liverpool,  and 
Other  phices ;  and  a  very  conrider* 
able  number  of  petitions  have  al- 
ready been  nresented  to  parliament 
in  favour  of  this  measure ;  of  these 
petitioners,  the  university  of  Cam- 
Bridge  stands  upon  this  occasion 
amongst  the  foremost,  as  she  did 
amongst  those  numerous  petitioners 
who  implored  parliament  to  abolish 
the  slave  trade  thirty  years  ago. 
By  an  unanimous  vote  of  her 
senate  on  the  l6th  day  of  April 
last,  a  petition  on  this  subject  was 
agreed  upon,  and  has  been  since 
presented  to  both  Houses  of  Far* 
liament 

The  directors  have  just  been 
£iv6ured  with  a  copy  of  the  sixth 
annual  report  of  the  American 
society  for  oolonisinff  the  free  peo- 
nle  of  colour  of  the  United  States. 
No  copy  of  the  fiftii  report  has  yet 
refeiched  their  hands ;  lut  from  the 
they  learn  that  the  society 


has  purchased*  a  -tenitory  at  CMe 
Mesoiado,  to  which  phoe,  in  xke 
beginning  of  January,  1822,  they 
remov(bd  the  odomsts  who  had 
been  temporariiy  setlAed  atFomvh 
Bay.  At  first  oonsBerable  difficul- 
ties Btid  dangers  inim  unforeseen 
dfcumstadces  were  enoountensd  by 
these  people ;  but,  reckoning  upon 
the  intefiiflenee  whidi  the  oom- 
laittee  hfid  then  received  fVtn 
Africa,  ^ey  express  their  confident 
hopes  in  tiie  ultimate  success  of 
the  untetaking,  and  proceed*  to 
dMeribe  the  favourable  appearance 
of  the  infittt  odony  vnth  mufh 
warm^  and  interest.  The  dnto- 
tcts  are  ntry  to  infbiin  the  meet- 
ing, that  these  expectations  Ittve 
fbr  the  present  been  disanpoilited. 
In  l^e  latter  nart  of  the  h^  year, 
hostilities  broke  out  between  the 
settlfemient  and  the  surroundine 
natives,  which  were  accompanied 
by  fiflAtting  and  Uoodshed.  In  the 
month  of  November,  the  natives 
attacked  the  Ammcan  settlement 
with  aeveral  hui^hred  men:  they 
were  however  repulsed  by  the  co- 
lonists with  great  skushter,  but 
not  without  considerabfe  loss  on 
their  side  in  killed  and  wounded. 
Had  it  not  been  fbr  the  humane 
and  timely  assistance  of  captain 
M'Coy,  the  commander  of  the 
Shsm,  Leone  colonial  schooner, 
which  happened  to  pass  Cape  Me- 
surado  that  morning,  proceeding 
to  Ci^  Coast,  and  of  o^ytain 
Laing  and  several  other  British 
officers  who  were  passenTCrs  on 
board  that  yessel,  the  total  destruo- 
tion  of  the  settlement  would  pro- 
bahiy  ha^  been  efibeted.  The 
sdiooDor  dn^iped  inio  die  read, 
and  the  oflicers  entered  into  a  ne* 
gotiation  with  the  native  chiefs, 
which  it  was  hoped  might  tead  toa 
permairent  peace.  Unhappily  soon 
after  tiiis  period  severe  siokneBS 


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PUBMC   DtOCUHBNUSi        «* 


Tifted  tbr  Qokaaj, .  and  mmy 
derails  occurred :  the  last  accounljii 
received,  state  that  the  Ameriou^ 
agent  himself  was  reduced  to  a.  very 
bad  state  of  health,  and  that  licki: 
nesa  generally,  prevailed. 

Dr.  Xiushington  has  again 
broi^ht  jnto^  parUament  his  hiU 
for  me  consolidation  of  all  the  ex*- 
isting  laws  relaftiye  to  the  abolition 
of  the  davcKtrade,  which  was  post- 
poned from  the.  last  session ;  and 
its  provisions  are  now  un4er  the 
cQpsideration  of  a  rommittep  of  the 
directors^  with  whom  Dr.  Lushing 
ton  has  been  so  obligiqg  as  tocomr 
municate,  in  order  to  render  the 
details  of  the  measure  a&  complete 
as  possible.  They  trust  the  bill 
may  be  so  framed  as  to  be  produc- 
tive of  important  benefits.  But 
the  directors  cannot  oonoeal  their 
opinian,  that,  unless  it  shall  pio- 
hobit  the  removal  of  slaves  n^m 
one  British  colony  to  another,  ex- 
cept in  the  case  a[  domestic  daves, 
unider  cert^  regulatiomi,  as  well 
as  repeal  the  68th  Geo.  3rd,  cap. 
49,  which  allows  the  importatioa 
ot  slaves  in  certain  cas^  it  will 
stop  Sax  short  of  the  object  which 
thgr  have  in  view. 

It  has  not  eac8f>ed  the  observft- 
ticm  of  the  directors,  that  the  Br»- 
milian  j^vemment  having  dedaied 
itself  mdependent,  there  may  be 
danger  of  its  flag  being  used  for 


d^pioteolioae^dayeabq^  liVV^ 
tms  subject,  as  weU  as  re^pecting^fi 
ocmsideBable  portion  of  the  Africaft 
ooast,  as  fiur  as  ^ve  and  a  half  dew 
grees,  or  about  4iOO  miles  of  coast 
south  of  the  Equator,  wherein 
the  Portuguese  government  have 
agreed  by  treaty  to  abstain  fr<mi 
carrying  on  a^y  trade  in  slaves* 
but  in  iifhich  no  n^t  <yf  search 
has  yet  been  consented  to,  the 
board  has  had  a  communication 
with  his '  majeity's  minister  fqr 
fiireign  a&irs  ;  aiid  they  h(»e  that 
some  measures  may  be  tiu^en  to 
prevent  or  remedy  the  evils^^  whicjt 
have  arisen  .fixan  these  drcunir 
stances. 

With  a  view  to  the  further  dif- 
fusion of  information  reyectii>g 
the  African .  slave-^rade,  .partici^ 
larly  in  France,  the  directors  have, 
during  the  oo^use  of  the  last  year, 
drculi^  at  Paris,, in  the  Nethet* 
lands,  and  the  hingdoms  (^  Spain 
and  Portugal,  a  large  edition  of 
the  celebrated  meech  of  the  duke 
de  Brogjlie,  maoe  in  the  French 
chamber  of  peers  durins  the  last 
year,  and  also  of  Mr.  WiUierfarce'^s 
letter  to  the  emperor  of  Eussie, 
describing  the  atrodties  of  the  ear 
isting  slave-trade ;  and  a  confloder- 
able  number  of  copies  of  the  last 
report  of  this  institution  have  also 
been  distributed  in  a  amilar  manr 
ner. 


II.— FOREIGN. 

DiPLOHATic  C0RRE8PONDENCB   relative  to  the  Rblatioms  between 
France  and  Spain. 

The  following  are  the  most  important  of  the  IVipecs  presented  to  both 
.     ^Houses-of  Parliament,  by  oomlQand  of  his  M^jesiy,  April  1823':-r-  * 

Spain. 

Confidential     Minute     of     Vis- 
count Castlere^h  on  the   Af- 


fairs of   Spain.  ,  Communicat- 
ed  to  the  Couits  of  Austria, 


France,  Prussia,  and  Russia,  in 

May,  1820. 

(Extract.)  The  events,  whicii 
have  occurred  in  Spain,  have,  as 
might  be    expected,   excited, .  iji 

Digitized  by  LjOOQIC 


m*       AK>4UAt  ttBG4stl;*,vA*- 


Sti  ptDt^tton  «i  (Ibe^  ^re  €^veL 

Tq6  UtiVHIi  cftniict  ttpon  t tns^  ft^ 

*to  denberftte  tiritli  those   of  tix^ 

ftSsan  ita^  u]^n  this  gtott  que»- 
tkm  t>f  to^moh  Mere^ ;  Init  tti 
to  !3te  ibmi  in  whkli  H  ^y  be 
pmdeiit  to  ctmfltiet  ^es^  deKbeitt* 
tionSy  lliey  oon<*^TC,  tftcy  cahimi^ 
too  early  i^ecbituiitod  tbat  eomriie 
1^  deliberation  wHeh  w91  excite 
ih^  leBSt  atfei^tioii  ^  wtnhf  &t 
^i/hi&t  kita.  lensi  pt6v(^  J^dSous^ 
iti  Hie  minds  of  ^e  Bp^on^n  niadon 
or  goremiiieiit.  In  fhis  Vfew^  It 
iBppe&rd  tb  then!  advi8&M6>  ^tndi« 
(msljr  to  kvtM  imy  re^iinidn  Vsf  1^^ 
i^erdj^n^— ^  abstaiil^  at  l^t  iii 
tbe  prcaent  kta^  c^  ^b  dt^estiohy 
fnnn  cbki'suig  ttttt  obtennMe  con- 
ierence  wnh  c^Aiihi^non  to  deli- 
berate Vm  tn^  af&irs  of  fijkBn. 
TWef  iJdncfeiye  it  pfreftribife  thftt 
Ineir  intereotitfle  i9ioti)d  be  lih^beS 
to  tb^se  ebnfidehtitf  cotinmxhic^ 
-mm  hetMda  tb^  dibin^  ymn^ 
are,  ii  tlbetnsdve^  Y^^  ^hfeted  to 
§p^kintAt<&  iBett$,  aha  tb  1^,  its 
Ikr  ai  iriay  be,  to  Ib^  adbrHiilJJi  df 
tuiiiiifuu  pnncipies,  ratner  tnan  to 
MEzsttn  st  oinsuniottii^a^ffi^flBteHffl 
^tei&iei!enoe^  wbiefa^  {rooi  the  Tt6» 
tCMonay  Umitbu  'lAfvven  tu  t ne  in- 
dividuals composing  it,  must  ^c^ 
be  better  fitted  to  execute  a^purpoae 
already  decided  upon,  ^n  to 
frame  a  counie  of  policy  und^  de^ 
licate  and  difficult  orcumstanceSt 

There  seems  the  le^  jpoitive  for 
pedpitating  any  step  of  uiis  nia- 
hatk  !h  ^'case  imneo&te^  imdifer 
cottSid^xMioin^  to,  firem  lEtll'  Ae  in* 
finmatibn  which  reaches  us,  there 
exists  in  Spain  no  order  at  dnngs 
upon  whidi  to  delilierate ;  Yior,  as 
yet,  'arty  soV^nrntgaiitbotity  ^th 
which  ibrelgfa  ^WM  can  ^ddm- 
ibuttici^ti(^. 


t%e  fli^s  anidifacfty,  for  Ae 
mciuieiii  air  leasc,  Ksenis  m  De  os^ 
iel^^.  His  majestTB  rvuhstt^nted 
m  'utt  nst  desptt(£&Gs  ndm  budrifl« 
lia  %tftiu^  whooy  ainuiuDined  bim* 
self  to  the  tide  of  events,  and  ak 
eonf^dis^  wlikteviei  ik  balled  for 

Sf  tlie  provlttonal  junta  ani  the 
ubs. 

The  anlbcfniy  dr  ^e  pruviANxu 
iljovemment  does  ndt  appear  to  ez^ 
^end  beyond  the  t^fb  C^stnl^  and 
a  part  d(  AhdaK^ :— Distblet 
local  anthoiit^  pii^vaH  in  '  tU 
"♦ftntous  provinces,  acnd  tM  kiiff% 
1^1'iioiiu  sijmy  is  fecaitted  as  eir- 
t^in^]^  Bane  to  tk  uaaAroea,  iw 
stay  step  wnini  might  lay  bin 
epen  to  tbe  im^yiaon  cr  ehtertam- 
ing  a  destei  to  brin^  aboat  a 
tonnteT'^ei^cnution,  ^beuiei'  by  in* 
temal  or  (fexierilal  meaito. 

This  Impcrftani  snMect  hMAk 
lieen  retened  t&,  and  con&derra 
Isy  l^e  diikb  tyf  WcOttifiton,  !^ 
hl(iiiiOrfl6xdmte  accoinpaniea  tIA 
mbniti^*-— rlis  gr^ce  does  not  nejf^ 
taus,  upon  ni^  mtnnsce  lezpenenre 
tn  Spatnsn  a^iin,  to  pronousB^ 
'that  the  opaiuro  nation  n,  di  0 
'^tik  £urapeah  pedple,  ftat,  wluA 
will  least  brook  any  tnteileieiiib 
■ftoui  iniroad  j  be  statfe^f  Ae  itteny 
ntttanises  in  wbfui,  during  ifie  Ibr 
wkr,  thik  diklin^uiffiing  trnt  of 
nationil  'character  ifendeiM  xUeoi 
-^bstinsf^  bBhd  to  the  mdriE  jiffM- 
ing  considerations  xifpuUk  sa^^: 
he  states  the  imminent  danger  in 
vAkieh  {he  suspicion  of  foreign  in- 
terference, and  jnore  especially  ^ 
interference  cm  {he  pert  of  France, 
u  Bkety  to  involve  the  kmg— and 
fst  fartlier  desbrilSM  tM  dnrcAllibs 
^Hilchwatdd  ttfipoae  inteatttffeb  to 
any  military  opaations  in- Spain, 
undertaken  for  the  purpose  xf  re- 
ducing, by  fotc^,  the  na&dtk  io 
Miliurii  thenHMXi^es  to  in  dtudr  of 
l^hihitii^  TO  be  «Kh^  silfigditw  er 
to  thi^  fi^ib  without. 


tbi^te 
^i'^ferlbecl  i 


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PUBLIC   Ot»0UA£Ktl6r      9fl* 


^ndU^Uccf  with  t)ik  o^binknii  r^ 
pttfMd  thld  akftUi  WUmi  th«  in- 
t^i^dM  i&iriAm  of  M.  de  Lit  T&^ 
9kLpiAhaA  eMfted  M  Ma^,  tlm 
prejudice  which,  in  the  opiniDh  ^ 
all  the  foceign  ministers  at  Mjadrid, 
il  HU  liafeiilfliMd  t6  tea8&)^  to 
^b6  l&^tf  infet^its  imA  foUHilti^ 
nOttf.  Hh  abb  teM»tk  i^  tiqift 
liirhldi  k  wtt  in  Mil^adplMiim  «^ 
ftate  ii^tiBa  on  thfB  pttk  df  ^thl» 
kittjg;  tc»  ^endeavour  to  piji^6a»  tha 
FrtiicSi  ttkiattl^  fiMbi  {nftfiacfitiMff 
Ins  jdarney  to  Madrid,  Whtdi  tlM 
inti^lS^e^  tf  the  abfthAMacatft 
of  tll&tttiiMuiii  i/ffsif  #eodlTU  ficoai 

At  ^  WdUts,  thttelbMi  ttMH 
alMMtie  G^t^  anUitfriky  dttfl  eaUkb* 
Hah  fttelf  in  Spauii  all  fiotiion  df 
bpenit&ifr  tipdn  IM  teiindb  fteami 
MbMy  laipcMtodika;  a^  lealMi^ 
btea  to  Iciiyi  to  «»  Olih«|lr  potmU- 
rfeiftdt^  €h^  thst  tff  ttkajftoSl^tiMif 
iSMsr  the  long  el*  tbo  ldlk«j»  « 
^i^^iUAil J  bbth* 

Hfel^^^t  ttifte  of  Splfiin^  «4 
doiibi,  m^miify  featteMdb  tite  IMl|i 
of  poL>tic4;  agitatibnin  Eunwi 
Di{i  ijt  Qitlst  neyerthcuess  be  «a- 
mttacl^  that  there  ^  no  poHion  of 
Eunne  df  equal  ma^tude^  in 
which  such  ^  revolution  could 
ttive  hiil^nea];  Ite  Kkdy  «o  ihe- 
U^'OA^iiiiyii^iai  tblt  direct 
aiod  fixmitttenr  danffery  whicn  has 
U^yk  bM  iq^eCb  'at  U^  i^ 
X^k  '^tatbtrff  m  alone  'cilUsliitilfii^ 
^  ^  VHch  tfrouUl  \r&iSff  (£ 

"Uol  ttlh  fas  U  UtiiMi  kieh  knm 
^finerehc'^^-^tf  ve  do  iiot  fed  ntiit 
x^  luM).ax  this  ikii^m^ht  enh^ 
the  ri^i  ibor  Qle  nie^  to  i^fei^ 
iona  with  <l^  by  fprooyif  the 
aeniblahoB  of  siiic^  an  interference 
ft  teOr^  l&efy  to  mtAk  tUm  i^ 
HTdfli^,  ahd  if  W6  &ive  j^rdv^, 
I7  e]9^HMiid^lH^£^4ft  Jif^ 


i|^WMttlsfiiit|  wliMhiiMp  lif  ki^  cf^ 
uorfefl^  ifl  di^j^oaed  to  listen  to  od-^ 
tieis  fn^  fi^i^;il^iatel»  ift  it  nol: 
jmSmt  ^  ftM  IK)  ttiusOy  bffof6 
11^  ittsutne  aii  btlitade  whiA 
Wimild  IM^  «o  pledge  us  lA  t^ 
i^es  ^  E^ti|is  t6  ftofl^a  deeM^ 
pMftdiilg?  BttHtara  W^  cM^blttt 
lA  ante  a  itteaiOM)  is  It  immmv 
fiieiit)  «rt  lait,  to  aicMAilB  ^A 
MMke  dogi'itA  of  ^I^Ocitfoifty  whtti  #^ 
iM^^ineM  to  do?  Iliis  eoonfe 
of  teitiperti^  koA  'cafti^us  pMx^p 
^  bedtttiig  <&)^  MMkian  iM  m 
ttititia]^oSd6niii^«i4iibh  tli6  kki|| 
hj^^MonalLy  tda6ed,  wm  M  ttotl^ 
1^  ibi««»  o«r  ilsli^tti,  ^hAh  ^ 
«far,  |k«^«M^  ibraaiiigdiall  aiiiiei 
In  tSio  mmi  tlme>  as  ifldet> 
fiinaettt  stalea^  Oufe  fdMeit  pOWert 
tfavf  «walttja.  thtoteh  tbelt  i^ 
q^eoliy^  tusttKMB  tft  Madrid>  i^tA 
not  lass  laffict  than  ^iiaold  atli^iii 
kttjrjdi^t  i»pm^t6iim,  a  siautttry 
Mtfeh^ftliOH  of  the  MisMu^fciM 
dbaa  ta^  b«  $t<ddU(»a  %  1^ 
VMUbtf^  oflfereA  t6  t&e  kinged  j^ 

miiAtms  ^m(ked  at^a  the  ¥pt^ 

the  prot^cHon  of  which  Greaft 
Britain  is  bound  by  ipecifie  tfcaty. 

Jn  conveying  any  aucK  intimu- 
tioHj  however,  the  utnSMst  delicacy 
should  be  obseTvt»d;  and  though 
It  b  to  be  premimeil  that  the 
views  ind  whhes  of  all  the  Mm 
powers  rtitiJJt  b^  essentraHy  th* 
Same,  and  th^t  the  setitiTiienttj 
eh^  Are  likely  to  express  cannot 
inaterially  differ,  it  doe^  not  folli)# 
that  tht*y  should  upmk  either  iW 
their t^rporalL'  character,  or  through 
any  L-omittoh  organ-^both  whic?h 
expaiient*  Wonld  be  ealculated 
ratber  to  offend,  ihim  to  condliaW 
or  pitfWAflfe. 

Ttefti  tiiA^Hb  4ioiibt  &(  ttih 

ge^M  QksMt  *#fd^  immm 


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90*      ANNUAL    REOrSTER^  IMS. 


^^W  jpvonuMntSjt  Aom  the  pvm« 
cj^Jes  whid^'  are  afloat^  and  from 
the  drcoingtanceg  that  m>  mauy 
states  of  Europe  are  now.employed 
'  in.  the  difficult  taak  of  easting 
apiew  their  govennttentt  upon  the 
xepreswtative  .prin4}i{ikN«-but  the 
iMtion  of  reviangy  limiting,  Of  vo* 
gulating  the  coutve  of  such  sex« 
pfxrimeois,  either  byforeign  counsel 
€«  )ff  foreign  Uxoei,  w<nild  be  as 
das^erous  to  avow,  as  it  would  be 
impossible  to  execute;  and  the 
iUusbn  too  umyfiimU  on  this  sub- 
j^(^  should  not  be  eooouniged  ia 
our  interoouj»e  with  the  allies. 
Thai  circumstawces  mii^t  aoie 
out  of  such  experimenta.in  a^y 
oomtry  direotlj  m»#cingr  to  the 
mfyfj  of  other  states^  casMot  be 
denied;  and  agsitist. such  «  da»- 
ge^v  well  Hscertaine4»  iihe  allies 
may  justifiably,  and  must  in  all 
prudaioe>  be  on  their  guard;  but 
such  is  not  the  present  case. 
Fearful,  as  is  the  example  which 
is  furnished  by  Spain,  of  an  army 
in  revolt,  and  a  monarch  swearing 
to  a  constitution  wUch  contains 
in  its  frame  hardly  die  semblance 
of  a  monarchy,  there  is  no  ground 
for  apprehension  that  Europe  is 
likely  to  be  ^)eedily  endangered  by 
Spanidiarms. 

•  •  •  • 

In  this  alliance,  as  in  all  other 
human  arrangements,  nothing  is 
more  likely  to  impair,  or  even  to 
destroy  itft  real  utility,  than  any 
attempt  to  push  its  duties  and 
its  oldigations  beyond  the  sphere 
which  its  original  conceptbn  and 
understood  pnnciples  will  warrant. 
It  wwaas^onion  for  the  xe-oonquegi 
a^d  Uberatbn  of  a  great  to^kht^ 
lion  of  the  eontinent  of  £iw>pe 
from  the  military  dominion  of 
France  ;  and  having  subdued  the 
OQDi^ueror,  it  took  Estate  of  pos- 
r  aaeitaUiAeil^  the  pisaoe. 


under  the  protec(i<mof  the  aUianeeL  \ 
It  never  waq,  however,  intepded  / 
as  an  union  for  the  governmeot  of  / 
the  world,  oc  for  the  superintend-,  / 
en^e  of  the  internal  jaffiuis  of  othec  * 

•  •  •  •  . 

We  shall  be  found  in  our  place  ! 
when  actual  danger  menaces  the 
system  of  £ux«^;  but  this.oouiw 
try  cenuoti  ^nd  wOl  not^  agt.  upoo 
abstract  and  q^eculative  principles 
of  pnwaution.  Th^  alliance,  whidi 
eijsts  bad  no  such  pui^^osp  in  view 
in  its  anginal  fbrma^ticm.  ^  It  was 
never  so  explained  to  parliament; 
if  it  h«d>  most  as^uredfy  the  sanc^ 
tion  of  parliament  would  never 
have  becni  gjkven  to  it;  and  it 
would  now  be  a  breach  of  faitly 
were  the  ministeBS  of  the. down 
to  acquiesce  in  acpnftructioiib^ing 
put  upon  it,  or  weze  they  to  suffer 
thMDselves  to,  be.  betniyed  into  a 
course  of  measures,  inconsistent 
with  those  prin/^iples  which  thnf 
avowed  at  the  tune,  and  whi^ 
diey  have  since  uni£»rmly  main« 
fyi^fii  both  et  ho|ne  andahroad. 

Instructions  drawn  *  np  by  rae 
Marquis  ci  Londonderry,  and 
trantterred  to  the  DukeotWel-^ 
lington,  September  14,  19ti. 

.  (Extract)  With  respect  to 
Spain,  there  seems  nothii^to  add 
to,  or  vary,  in  the  course  S  policy 
hitherto  pursued — soUdtudeL  for 
the  Mtfety  of  the  royal  family — 
observance  of  our  enf^acements 
with  Portugal — and  a  ng3  absti- 
nence from  any  interference  in  the  • 
internal  affairs  of  that  coun^-^ 
must  be  considered  as  forming  the 
basiii4)f  his  m^esty's  pi^icj., 

VERONA   AND   PaHIS. 

No.  1^— The  Duke  of  WeUin^on 
to   Mr.    Secreteury    Cunning . 
Beceived  September  !K4tW 


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PUB^LIC   pOCUMENTgf,        97^ 


(Extfaet) 
VuiM,  aeptenber  9t»  tfitt. 

I  had  a  long  oiicaapffn  with 
MoonoirdeVilldejesterdi^yOQtka 
mktioas  of  this  Garenunetit  with 
Sttuu  It  appear^,  that  foraooii* 
aBLecaUe  tine  pasty  I  beiiaTa  aiooa 
the  abrm  of  infaotiaiis  fevar  in 
SpainytheFreiicbGeiveniiiiaiithftrQ 
been  oallectiDg  tha  ^*om  in  tha 
aoiithem  de|w£uneuta  ot  Franoa. 
llie^  haya  not,howav«K:»aga  the  im^ 

'^'""  fnsdkat,  a  larger  hady  of 
la  n^  sufficMni  fiv  tha 
of  the  dotm  af  tha 
^'Ccvdon  Samtairay"  to  long  ai 
that  pramitaoii  is  neeesMffy  in  aoiii* 
aaquenoa  of  the  prevalence  of  tha 
le?er '  in  the  neig^ihoiiffing  paxH 
viooaa  of  Spain ;  or  than  can  fairfy 
he  dficpned  neoenaiy  finr  die  pur* 
poses  of  dbsenratiasi  of  a  cauntiy 
which  is  the  seat  of  a  civil  war, 
and  for  ibe  protection  of  die 
French  fitotiar  finom  insuity  hy. 
the  diffinent  parties  ^i  operation 
iomediately  on  the  bordeo. 

H.tfe  Vffl&  aaid,  that  the  aa. 
aemh^  of  the  Congress  at  the  pvoi* 
,  was  not  a  matter  af 
m  relation  to  that 
Lof  affiuxain  Spaia^orta 
that  in  which  the  two  ap^iff^fii 
stood  towards  each  other.  There 
was  no  doubt  that  eiqpactationrf 
wes^  foamed  respecting  the  «&• 
suit  of  the  delmrations  of  die 
GongRss  on  the  afiirs  of  Spain, 
as  ml  in  Spaing  elsewhere;  aod 
that  if  die  CongiMB  were  to  8e|iaif 
rata^  and  come^  to  no  dedsioii 
ob  those  affiiki^  it  was  probable 
that  ihe  existing  evils  would  be 
gseatijr  ag^vated,  and  that  the 
two  eouutnes  mi^t  be  forced  into 

iif  onsieur  de  ViU^e  wished  that 
the  Congress  should  tahe  into  con* 
■siciation  the  actual  position  of 
tha  Franch<70vemBient  inralittioa 

Vol.  LXV. 


to  fi^paiB,  aad  the  hypw^hasii 
uaia  which  they  might  be  fbrcc4 
into  a  war;  and  t£it  the  fouf 
other  Powers  of  the  Alliance  should 
declare  what  line  ihey  would  each 
take,  in  case  of  the  occurrence  of 
any  of  the  events  which  they  cent 
ceived  would  focoe  them  to.  war. 
I  told  Monsieur  de  ViMe  that  i% 
would  be  o  uite  inupossihle  f or  us  to 
declare  beferdiand  what  would  be 
our  conduct  upon  any  hypothetical 


I  should  wish  to  receive  his  i 
jesty's  instructions  what  line  I  shall 
take^  and  what  arguments  I  shal) 
use,  incase  the  French Giovemmant 
should  make  the  onmsitioD  at  tha 
Congrassr  whichM.  oe  Villde  has 
made  to  me,  respecting  a  deda« 
ration  by  the  Allies. 

No.  2. — Mr.  Secretary  Canning  to 
the  Duke  of  Wellmgton. 

(Extract.) 

Toreifo-office,  September  tj,  1888. 

If  there  be  a  determined  project 
to  interfere  by  force  or  by  menace 
in  the  present  struggle  in  Spain, 
so  convinced  are  his  majesty's  go- 
vernment of  the  usel^sness  and 
danger  of  apy  such  interference-* 
so  oqjectionaue  does  it  appear  to 
tlhem    in    principle,    as   well  as 
utterly  imprac^cable  in  execution, 
tiiSLt  wh^en  the  necessity  arises,  or 
(I  vTould  rather  say)  wnen  the  op- 
portunity offisrs,  I  am  to  instruct 
your  Grace  at  once  finnUy  and^ 
peremptraily  to   declare,  that  tp/ 
any  sudi  interference,  come  whaii 
nrnyj    his  Majesty   will  not    be  ) 
a  j»rty. 

(Indosure  inNa  3.>«^TraiiaIation, 

Questions  addyisscd  by  the  Fienah 

Fleqipotentiary  to  the  Plenipo- 

tentiaaes  of  Austria,   Prusaa, 

Russia,  and  Great  Britain. 

YeroDSy  October  80,  18tt. 
1.  In  ease  France  dioald  %c! 


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98*      AN  N  U  Al,  REGISTER,    1823. 


iiers^  under  the  necesshy  of  re-* 
OMlii^  her  mmister  from  Madrid^ 
and  of  breaking  off  all  diplomatic 
relations  with  Spain^  will  the 
high  coorts  be  disposed  to  adopt 
the  like  measures,  and  to  recall 
their  resp^tive'  missions  ? 
'  St  Should  war  break  out  be- 
tween France  and  Spain,  under 
what  form  and  by  whtitacts  wouM 
the  High  Powers  afibrd  to  France 
that  moral  support  which  would 
give  to  her  measures  the  weight 
and  authority  of  the  alHance,  and 
inspire  a  salutary  dread  into  the 
revolutionists  of  aU  countries  ? 

S.  What,  in  short,  is  the  inten- 
tion of  the  high  powers  as  to  the 
extent  and  the  form  of  the  effective 
assistance  f"  secourt  matirieUr) 
which  they  would  be  disposed  to 
give  to  Fiance^  in  case  active  inter- 
ference, shocdd  on  her  demtnd  be- 
come necessary. 

(Inclosure  in  No.  4.) 
Memorandum  —  Answer    of   the 
Duke  of  WelliMton  to  the  ques- 
tions of   the  French  Plenipo- 
tentiary. 

Verona,.  October  30,  1822. 
Since  the  monthi  of  April,  1820, 
the  British  Government  have 
availed  themselves  of.  every  oppor- 
tunity of  jeoommendiiw  to  his  ma- 
testy's  allies  to  abstain  irom  all 
interferei^  in  the  internal  a&irs 
of  Spain. 

^  Without  adverting  to  those  prin- 
ciples which  his  majesty's  govern- 
ment must  always  consider  the  rule 
of  their  conduct;  in  relation  to  the 
internal  afiairs  of  other  countries, 
they  considered  that  to  whatever 
degree  either  the  origin  of  the 
Sjmnish  revolution,  the  system 
then  established,  or  the  conduct  of 
those  who  have  since  had  the  ma- 
nagement 0f  tin  internal  sdBfairs  of 
Spain  mig^bedisapqpxDvedof,  any 


amdioratkm  whidi  mi^  be  de* 
sired  in  tlie  Spanish  system,  &r 
^e  sake  of  ^edn  herself,  ouj^t 
to  be  sought  for  in  measures  t»be 
adopted  in  Spain,  rather  than 
abroad;  and  particularly  in  the 
confidence  whidi  the  peofde^dioold 
be  taught  to  feel  in  the  characuff 
and  measures  of  the  king. 

They  oonAderad  that  an  inter- 
ferenee,  ^«h  a  view  to  assst 
the  monarch  on  the  timme,  to 
overturn  that  whidi  had  been  set- 
tled, and  whidi  he  had  guaranteed, 
or  to  promote  the  estabu^moit  of 
any  oUier  tana  of  govemment  or 
constitution,  ^  partictuady  by  f«^ 
would  only  ^place  that  mownA  in 
a  false  positem,  and  prevent  kinr 
from  looking  to  the  intemalmeas 
of  amdiioration  whidi  mi^  he 
within  hit  reach. 

Such  an  interfeimioe  alwaysif- 
peared  to  ^  J^itish' Government 
an  unneceswy  assumption  of  le- 
sponsibility ;  which,  •  considering 
all  the  circumstances,  must  e^iose 
the  king  of  %win  to  danger,  and 
the  power  or  powers  whidi  dwaid 
intesftee,  to  obloquy,  49art8ai.r]dap, 
and  possible  diSBBteia;  toenoRbatt 
expenses,  and  final' diiinppointmnit 
in  producing^ any  result.  *■   i    «^  ' 

Upon  theise  principles  his. av^ 
jetty  has  advi^  hisalEM,  aiidhat 
acted  faimself,  from  the  month  of 
April,  1820,  to  the  present  day.- 

The  protocols  and  other  acttsf 
the  Congiesa  at  V^-la-CairiBfelk, 
which  established  the  uniim  at  pve- 
sent  existnig  between  the  five 
powers,  ,sa  &^nly  for  the  woiid, 
require  the  most  unlimited  oop- 
fidence  and  comnuinicalidn  an  ifce 
part  oi  each;  and  aecordiiG^y 'has 
majesty  has  never  failed  to  oiaa- 
municate  to  his  alliet>.ai»d  par- 
ticularly to  France*  eveiy  insMi> 
tion  which  he  hoM  sent  to  ^ 
minister  at  Madrid;  and  all  the 


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mnmmsimAm  tatde  hf  his  itti- 
jesfcf's  ^anmiaiids  to  the  minister  of 
SlfMon  teadiilg  in  London :— all  in 
the  same  qoirit  of  good-will  towards 
the  king  of  Spain  and  the  l^pamsh 
nation. 

It  is  impessihle  to  look  at  the  ex- 
isting relations  between  France 
and  Sgtan,  adverting  to  what  has 
passed  from  the  cemmencement  of 
the  year  1820^  to  the  present  mo- 
menty  without  being  sensible  of 
the  unfortunately  fiEdse  pontion  in 
"which  die  king  of  Spain  is  placed ; 
and  that  the  spirit  of  party  in 
both  countries,  haying  aggravated 
the  national  antipathy  which  an- 
tecedent circumstances  had  ooca- 
lioned,  is  in  a  sreat  measure  the 
cause  of  the  unrortunato  irritation 
m  Spain  against  France  to  which 
his  excellency  the  minister  of 
France  has  adverted.  The  great 
olriect  of  his  majesty's  foreign 
I  pcdky  iS|  to  preserve  peace  among 
f  nations;  he  feels  the  most  anxious 
interest  for  the  happiness  of  his 
Catholic  majesty,  and  the  honour 
4£  his  government ;  and  it  would 
be  hia  Snoere  desbe  to  allay  that 
nntatioii* 

But  the  Britirii  government  can- 
laot  but  feel,  that  to  nutke  any  de- 
claration on  any  of  the  three  points 
•vefenied  to  by  hisexceUeney,  with^ 
eut  a  previous  accurate  knowledge 
c£  all  the  djcumstanoes  whidi 
-have  oceurred  between  the  two 
•onntriei^  would  be  not  only  pre- 
mature a&d  unjust,  but  would 
pfobablybe  oaavMling;  and  would. 
In  fact,  deprive  his  majesty  of  the 
yower  of  discussing  and  deciding 
upon  the  measures  of  his  own  go- 
iremaMnt  in  thi»  afibir  hereafter, 
when  he  shbuld  bebettarinfiHmed. 
His  majesty  must  either  ^^lace  him- 
aelf  in  this  paavAil  position,  or  he 
must  dOf  what  would  be  equally 
painful  to  his  fcelings^  require  from 


his  ai^(ttst  fUend  anda)^  the  Unjg 
of  Franae,  that  he  should  subndit 
his  conduct  to  the  advice  and  eon- 
tiol  of  his  mt^esty. 

His  majea^s  government  can* 
not  think  eithear  akenaliYe  tabe 
necessairy;  butaiedf  opinion  that 
a  review  of  the  obvious  circum« 
stances  of  the  ntuation  of  France, 
as  well  as  Spain,  vnll  show,  that 
whatever  may  be  the  tone  assumed 
towards  France  by  the  ruling 
powers  in  Spain,  they  are  not  in  a 
state  to  carry  into  executiim  any 
plan  of  real  hostility* 

Considering  that  a  civil  war 
exists  in  the  whole  extent  of  the 
frontier  which  separates  the  two 
kingdoms ;  that  hostile  armies  are 
in  movement  and  in  operation  in 
every  part  of  it;  and  that  there  is 
not  a  town  or  villa^  en.  the 
Frendk  frontier  which  is  not  liable 
to  insult  and  injury — there  is  no 
person  who  must  not  approve  of 
the  precaution  which  his  most 
Christian  majesty  has  taken  in 
forming  a  corps  cf  observation  for 
the  protection  of  hb  frontier,  and 
for  the  preservation  of  the  tran* 
quilKty  m  his  people. 

His  firitanmc  migesty  sinoerdiy 
wishes  that  thk  measure  may  be 
effietual  in  attaining  the  dl^|ects 
for  which  it  is  calatdated ;  and  that 
the  wisdom  of  the  French  ffovem- 
ment  will  have  indueed  &m  to 
eaqilain  it  at  Madrid^  in  such  terms 
as  Win  satisfy  the  government  of 
his  Caktholic  majesty  of  its  ne- 
oeasi^. 

Such  an  explanation  will,  it  is. 
hoped,  tend  to  alby  in  some  degree 
the  irritation  against  France ;  and, 
on  the  odier  hmid,  it  may  be  hoped 
that  some  allowance  wUl  be  made 
in  France  for  the  state  ^of  e&r- 
vescence  of  men's  minds  in  Spidn, 
in  the  veiy  crisis  of  a  revolution 
i^d  civil  war. 


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100*    ANNUAL  REGISTEE,   1813. 


A  momaiit's  fdkction  upon  the 
relative  power  of  the  two  states 
will  «how^  that  the  real  evil  io 
which  his  most-  Chmtian  nu^es^ 
is  exposed,  is  that  resulting  ^m 
the  operations  of  die  dvil  war  on 
the  neighbouring  frontier  of  Spain; 
against  which  £e  measure  which 
his  government  have  adopted  is 
best  calculated  to  preserve  hmi. 

Even  levolutionary  madness 
could  not  calculate  upon  the  success 
of  A  serious  attack  by  Spain  upon 
France^  under  any  droumstanoes 
which  it  is  possible  to  suppose  to 
exist  at  present  in  the  latter  king- 
dom.— But  the  attention  of  tbe 
Spanish  government  is  now  ocou- 
ined  b^  a  civil  war,  the  operations 
of  which  certainly  justify  the  for-* 
mation  of  n  corps  of  obeermtion 
in  France ;  and  it  is  not  very  pto-' 
baUe  that  they  would,  at  this 
moment,  desire  to  bieak  with 
France. 

Neither  is  it  to  be  believed  that, 
in  their  present  situation,  they 
would  not  desire  still  to  ei^oy  the 
advantage  of  that  countenance  to 
tiieir  Bptem,  which  the  presence 
of  the  French  ambassador  at  the 
seat  of  government  must  afirad 
them. 

His  majesty  therefore  considers 
any  rupture  by  Spain,  or  any 
measure  on  her  part  whicA  may 
reinder  necessary  the  immediate 
diKKmtinuanee  of  diplomatic  re* 
latiens  by  France,  very  improbable : 
and  as  his  miijes^  is  quite  tmao- 
quainted  with  what  has  passed 
between  France  and  Spain  since 
the  month  of  April,  1820;  and 
his  government  cannot  know  upon 
what  grounds  his  most  Christian 
m^esty's  ^emment  may  think 
proper  to  discontinue  the  diplomatic 
relations  of  France  with  Spain; 
or  upon  what  grounds  war  may 
bi^eak  out  between  the  two  ooun- 


tiies;  itiftmipsisiblorai^tlMm 
to  iptaaoufDoe  what  advice  tboy 
^ould  consider  it  tiieir  Aatf  to 
sive  to  his  nuy  esty,  in  case  cMet  or 
both  of  those  events  Aon)^  eeour. 
His  msjesty  most  anwwwiy 
wishes  that  muh  ei^reini^  may 
be  avoided ;  and  he  feek  oonvinoed 
that  the  government  ci  Us  mort 
Qiristian  majesty  will  BsA  mens 
d  avoiding  therii. 

No.  5.— The  Duke  of  Wdluigton 
to  Mr.  Secretary  Canning.^ 
Received  Nov.  21. 

(Extract.) 
Verooa,  November  12,  10». 

I  have  little  to  report  as  having 
occurred  on  the  Spunsh  question, 
rince  I  wrote  to  you  on  tlie  5th 
inst.  But  I  inclose  to  yon  a  memo- 
randum on  what  is  passing  here^ 
whidi  I  send  to  sir  Qiarles  Stoait 
by  this  occasion. 
(Indosure  in  No.  5.— ^Memoran- 

dum.) 

(Extract.) 
Veromv  November  12,  Ifitt. 
On  the  £OCh  of  October,  the 
French  minister  gave  in  a  papers 
requiring  from  the  ministers  of 
tiie  alfies  to  know,  whether,  tf 
France  should  be  under  the  ne^ 
oessity  of  withdrawing  bermtnister 
from  Spain,  the  other  allied  pewess 
would  do  the  same?  In  esse 
France  should  be  invoked  in  war 
with  Spun,  whatoountenaneete 
allies  would  give  the'  fbrmert 
And  in  case  France  ahould  lequiie 
it,  what  assistance  ? 
.  To  these  questions  (lie  three 
eontinental  allies  answered  on  iitt 
mth  of  October,  that  they  wouU 
act  as  Fnmee  should,  in  respect  t6 
their  ministers  in  Spain,  aal 
would  give  to  France  every  cou»' 
tenance  and  assistance  she  should 
vequire— the  Q$me  fw  such  asn^r 


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.IfApa^  gad  the  psriod  and  die 
mode  of  ^Tin^  it^  being  leeerved 
lo  be  ^eeified  in  a  treaty. 

The  minirter  of  gieat  Bntaiii 
Anawezed^  thai,  haiinff  no  know- 
ledge of  the  cause  of  dispute,  and 
not  being  abb  to  finm  a  jnd^ 
ment  xxam  mn  hypothetical  case, 
be  could  ^e  no  anawer  to  any  of 
tbeoueitioni. 

The  mode  of  oommunicating 
with  £^pain  was  considmd  on  th^ 
3l8t«  with  a  view  to  prevent  a 
jrupture  between  France  an4 
S^oin.  It  was  agreed  that  the 
minister  of  each  rf  the  four  con- 
.tinental  courts  at  Madrid  should 
j^r^sent  a  separate  note  of  the  same 
.tenor,  and  drawn  upon  the  same 
principles;  and  on-m  1st  of  No- 
vember it  was  settled,  that  the 
four  courts  should  draw  up  their 
notQS  and  communicate  them  to 
the  British  minister  ;  who  should, 
apon  seeing  these  notes,  make 
known  the  line  which  his  court 
would  take. 

Since  that  meeting,  it  b  under- 
stood that  the  plan  of  proceeding 
proposed  and  agreed  to,  has  been 
ahmd.  Instead  of  official  notes 
to  be  presented  by  the  several 
nunistersat  Madrid  to  the  Spanish 
government,  it  is  now  intended 
that  dispatches  diall  be  written  to 
those  ministers  respectively,  in 
which  the  several  courts  will  ex^ 
press  their  vridies  and  intentions: 
this  mode  of  proceeding  is  adcyted, 
as  affiyrding  neater  latitude  £x 
^tisQossion  and  explanation  than 
that  by  official  notes. 

Acoordingily  M.  de  Montmo- 
roicy  has  pryred  the  draft  of  bis 
dispatdi;  and  it  is undentood  that 
the  ndnisters  of  the  continental 
fowen  arepreparing  theirs.  These 
«ro  the'facts  which  have  oocurred 
at  the  existing  Congren.  In  the 
course  «f  the  discussions  vUch 


bave  taken  {daoe  upoft  this  oc^ 
casion,  a  marked  dififiarenceof  api^ 
mon  as  to  the  mode  of  ficdon  has 
i^peared  between  the  continental 
.courts  on  the  one  hand,  and  Eng- 
land on  the  other.  The  minister 
of  the  latter  power  has  recom- 
mended that  France,  and  the 
powers  which  should  interfere  in 
this  case,  should  confine  themselveB 
to  what  may  properly  be  called  the 
i  external  quarrel  between  France 
and  Spain;  should  not  menace; 
and  above  all  should  not  approach 
Spain  in  the  form  of  enemies, 
bound  in  a  treaty  of  defensive  alli- 
ance against  her. 

No.  6.~The  Duke  of  Wellington 
to  Mr.  Secretary  Canning. — 
Received,  December  6. 

(Extract) 
Verona,  November  8S,  1839. 
I  inclose  the  minute  of  the  an- 
swer which  I  returned  to  the 
ministers  of  the  allies  on  the  SOtb 
in^  when  they  communicated  to 
me  the,  dispatches  which  they  pro^ 
posed  to  write  to  the  ministers  cf 
their  several  courts  at  Madrid. 

Minute. — (Indosure  in  No.  6.) 

Verona,  November  90, 1899. 

When  the  ministers  of  the  five 
courts  last  assembled  on  tbe  1st 
instant,  the  object  of  their  com- 
mon solicitude  was,  to  allay  the 
irritation  existing  in  Spain  againit 
France,  and  to  prevent  a  possible 
rapture  between  the  two  powers. 

Although  his  majesty's  govem- 
ment  did  not  consider  themsdves 
sufficiently  infonned,  either  of  what 
had  already  taken  place  between 
France  and  £^nin,  or  of  what  might 
occasion  a  ruoture,  to  be  able  to 
answer  in  the  affirmative,  the 
questions  submitted  to  the  confeiu 
enee  by  his  excellency  the  niiTii8t>er 
of    France;    yet,   Jaiowing   Ac 


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102*    AJJNUAL    REGISTER,   1823. 


anxiety  of  the  ^Anf^  my  master, 
for  the  honour  of  his  most  chris- 
tian majesty,  and  for  the  preser- 
vation <tt  the  peace  of  the  world, 
I  was  willinff  to  enter  into  the  con- 
federation ot  tihe  measures  pro* 
^posed,  with  a  view  to  attain  our 
common  object. 

It  was  settled,  that  the  notes  to 
be  prepared  acontling  to  the  propo- 
aition  of  his  highness  the  Austrian 
minister,  and  to  be  presented  to 
the  SpaniA  covemment  on  this 
occasion,  shotUd  be  commumcated 
to  me,  in  order  that  I  might  see, 
whether,  consistently  with  the 
view  which  the  king  had  invari- 
ably taken  of  the  afl&rs  of  Spain, 
and  with  the  principles  which  had 
governed  his  majes^s  conduct  in 
relation  to  the  internal  concerns  of 
other  countries,  his  majesty's 
government  could  take  any  part 
which  micht  forward  the  common 
jpurpose  of  preserving  the  general 
^tranquillity. 

The  ministers  of  the  iJlied 
courts  have  thought  proper  to  make 
known  to  Spain  the  sentiments  of 
their  respective  sovereigns,  by 
dispatches  addressed  to  the  minis- 
ters of  their  several  courts,  resi- 
ding at  Madrid,  instead  of  by 
official^notes — as  a  mode  of  com- 
mumcation  Jess  formal,  and  afibrd- 
in^sreater  facility  of  discussion. 

Inese  dispatches,  it  appears,  are 
to  be  communicated  in  exieruo  to 
die  Spanish  government. 

The  origin,  circumstances,  and 
consequences  of  the  Spanish  revo- 
lution,— ^the  existing  state  of  affairs 
in  Spain, — and  the  conduct  of 
those  who  have  [been  at  the  head 
of  the  Spanish  government  may 
have  eni^n^ercd  the  rafety  d£ 
other  countries,  and  may  have  ex- 
cited the  uneasiness  of  the  govern- 
ments, whose  ministers  I  am  now 
addressing;    and    those   govern- 


ments may  think  it  neeeasarf  to 
"address  the  Spanwi  government 
upon  the  topics  referred  to  in 
these  r 


These  s^ntunents  ^id  opinioiB 
have  certainly  been  enterttoned  by 
the  three  cabinets  of  AtufA, 
Prussia,  and  Russia,  fbra  consiSer- 
-flble  period  of  time;  and  the 
British  government  duly  tmr^ 
dates  the  fbri)eanu[iee  and  defer- 
ence fer  the  opinions  of  other 
cabinets,  which  have  dictated  tiie 
delay  to  make  these  cxmunonic^ 
tions,  to  the  present  moment*  Bot 
having  been  delayed  tiU  now,  I 
would  request  those  ministers  to 
consider,  whether  this  is  the 
moment  at  which  sudi  leuiuu- 
strances  ought  to  be  made;  whether 
they  are  ^culated  to  allay  the 
irritation  against  France  and  to 
prevent  a  possible  rupture ;  ana 
whether  they  miffht  not  widi  ad- 
vantage be  delayed  to  a  later  period. 

They  are  certainly  ddcu&ted  to 
irritate  th^  government  of  Spain  ; 
to  afibrd  ground  for  a  belief  that 
advantage  has  been  taken  of  the 
irritation  existing  between  that 
covemment  and  France,  to  call 
down  upon  l^pain  the  power  of 
the  alliance ;  and  thus  to  embarrass 
still  more  the  difficult  position  of 
the  French  government 

The  result  of  these  communi- 
cations will  probably  be,  that  the 
diplomatic  relations  between  iht 
three  allied  courts  and  Spain  will 
be  discontinued— whatever  may  be 
the  state  of  the  questions  between 
France  and  Spain :  this  occurreooe 
cannot  assist  ihe  cause  of  France ; 
as  those  questions  will  stand  upon 
their  own  ground,  and  the  govern* 
ment  of  France  must  dedde  upon 
€heir  own  merits. 

But  these  communications  are 
not  only  calculated  to  embarrass 
the  French  government,  but  lO^N 


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PUB L J C  DOCUMENT S.  .     103* 


^irifedMtof  the  hag,  my  masters 
His  majesty  feeb  sinoeiefy  for  the 
lobgsi^thepeo^  of  S^win;  he 
IS  aiudoiis  to  see  a.  teimioatioB  of 
th^  wdyb^andjTOtfrfbrtoneshy  which 
that  Goimtiry  is  afflicted;  and  that 
it  should  he.pvospeious  and  ha]^* 
His,  nmesty  likewise  eamestlj 
dfjfireSy.Uiat  the  usual  relations  q£ 
9mJtj  and  ^ood  oe^ihourhood 
may  be estaUishedbet^ieen France 
and  ^ain^  andhismajesty'sgoyenb- 
mentwpuldhaTe  beenamious  toco- 
operate  with  those  of  his  aUies,  in 
ajlbying  the  existing  irritation, 
and  in  preventing  a  possible  rup- 
tUire.  . 

.  .  ButhigBiajesty'sgovenunentare 
pS  opinion,  that  to  animadvert 
upcntbe  intemijd  trapsactynas  of 
aa  independent  state,  unless  such 
transactions  aSect  the  esaentkd 
jateresTs  of  his  nunesty's  subjects, 
is.  inconsistent  with  those  princi* 
pies  op  which  his  nu^esty  1^  in- 
variably acted  on  all  questioiis 
PRlating  to  the  internal  concerns  of 
of  othor  Qfluntri^;  that  suchani* 
madv^ndons,  if  made,  mu^t  involve 
1^  m^l^  in  serious  responsi- 
Ixility,  if  they  should  produce  any 
^0ecfr;  and  must  irritate,  if  they 
whgnjJd  joot;  and  if  addressed,  as 
Sfx^osed,  to  the  Spamsh  ^vem- 
ment,  are  likely  to  be  injurious  to 
the  be^t  interests  of  Spain,  and  to 
paroduce  the  worst  consequences 
upon  the  probable  discussions  b&> 
liween  that  country,  and  France. 

The  king's  government  must, 
therefore,  decline  to  advise  his 
n^esty  to  hold  a  common  language 
with  lus  allies  upon  this  occasion ; 
and  itis  so  necessary  forhismajesty, 
not  to  be  supposed  to  participate  i^ 
ajneasure  oi  this  description,  and 
calculated  to  produce  such  conse- 
quences, that  his  government  must 
qipudly  refrain  £rom  advising  his 
in^^  to  direct  that  anj^^omr 


milnicatioa  should  be  made  to  tbi 
Spanish  government,  on  the  suh- 
jeet  bf  its  rehuions  with  Fcapoe. 

Has  majesty,  therefore,  must 
limit  his  ex^tions  and  good  offices, 
td  the  iond^vours  of  his  minister 
at  Madrid  to  aUay  the  ferment 
which  these  communications  nuuit 
OQpasion,  and  to  do  all  the  gqod. in 
his  power. 

No.  7. — ^Mr.  Secretary  Canning  to 
the  duke  of  Wellington. 

(Extract.)  Foreign  Office,  Dec.  6, 1S22. 

The  latest  date  of  your  grace's 
dispatches  froijA  Verona  is  the  19th 
ultuna  '  The  French  mail  due 
yesterday,  has,  from  some  unao- 
couiitaUe  accident  failed  to  arrive; 
and  we  areieft  in  an  imcertainty, 
BS  to  every  tl4ng  that  has  passed 
at  Verona  for  more  than  a  fort- 
Aight  In  this  state  of  things, 
however  difficult  it  may  be  to 
shape  instructions  to  a  case  not 
ascertained,  it  has  nevertheless 
been  felt  by  his  majesty's  advisers, 
.that  we  should  be  wanting  to  our 
duty,  if  we  did  not  submit  to  his 
majesty  the  course  which  it  would 
be  e^^edient  to  piursue,  in  that 
which  is  understood  to  be  the 
present  situation  of  the  question 
of  peace  or  war  between  Fr^nc^ 
and  Spain. 

M*  de  Villele  has  t«ken  several 
OTportui^ties  of  expressing  to  sir 
ChEurles  Stuart  l^s  own  eames|; 
desire  for  the  preservation  of  peace ; 
and  his  wish  ,to  receive,  not  only 
the  support  but  the  advice  of  the 
JBritish  government,  in  his  en- 
deavours to  preserve  it. 

I  have  the  king's  commands  to 
signify  to  your  grace  his  majesty's 
pleasure;,  that  your  grace  should 
seek  a  conversation  with  M.  de 
Villele;  and,  after  r^ferrin^  to 
his  excellency's  communicatio^t^ 
tl^ough  sir  Charl^  Stuart^  should 


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104>    ANNUAL    aB(?l9tHl,Ill23. 


tm  Aii  iiifi^ly>  btflWMn  Ihttr  ttMMrt 
CaffMaa  and  Catholic  majetties^ 

II  win  not  taeofe  jour  gtaaa's 
^bservatkm^  that  io  older  to  a^Mil 
a  DMMpect  of  auoeoto  in  our  niafi- 
alioii^  if  France  diodd  he  wiOiiig 
to  etajfioy  k,  there  ahoold  he  soase 
feaaonohfe  hope  of  a  lAnAbir  ao* 
oeptance  on  the  part  of  -Span* 
^  I  inclote  to  your  grace  an  exi^ 
trect  of  ade8|Mitch  from  the Spaniah 
fiovemment  to  its  Charged' Affidres 
in  London,  which  was  read  and 
ddivered  to  me  hy  M.  de  C<demh 
in  a  conference  the  day  hefore 
i^esterday. 

The  remaining  part  of  t&e  dea* 
iNttch  to  M.  de  Cobmh  (with 
wUdi  I  do  n6t  trouhle  yoor  grace 
on  ^ns  ocdoion)  rdates  to  the 
questions  pending  hetween  the  two 
goTemment^  respectmg  oommc^* 
jcial  grievances,  and  the  picades  in 
the  West  Indian 


tfae  Ad  iolMui^  wki*  It 


(Indosoie  in  No.  7*)-^Trandfltion. 
«-^£xtract  of  a  despatdi  addiesa- 
ed  hy  M.  San  Miguel^  ntinistet 
for  fbrdgn  alBdito  at  Madrid,  t6 
M.  de  Colomh,  dated  Novemher 
15, 1822. 

The  government  of  his  majesty 
has  received  with  gratitude,  but 
without  sorprise,  the  verbal  com<« 
munication,  pumn^ng  that  the 
cabinet  of  his  Britannic  majesty, 
reqieotin^  the  indqpendence  and 
the  pdttical  institutions  adopted 
by  the  CSpanidi^  nation^  is  deter- 
inined  not  to  interfere  in  bur  dc^ 
mestic  afiairs. 

Nothing  else  could  be  expected 
from  the  govemment  m  a  natioi^ 
which  like  ike  Britidi,  knows  its 
rights  and  the  prinairdial  ^rinci- 
pleaof  public  law;  and  it  is  only  to 
be  wondered  at,  that  it  should  not 
ikaxik  it  expedient,  to  gire^  to  a 
declaration  of  such   obvious  ju8« 


The  ties  tf  lafhajiffi  fcgiBft  lie 
prifldplea  ef  imMitl  mmmaimM 
and  the  mAtigf  ^  dh»  lastiatit 
anslitttlfeitor  ^^i^A  4ite  im  idlfdk 
ai^ittfeftghUi(iw4oltey  irtiparf 
lively  entitle  Ite  famely-  ew«. 
whefan^  wi^  diffieolliai,  «  da^ 
peetlttMi  the  kttav  whoe»iiiilitfWi 

inteeUte  itf  of  tie  gMtfaal  w«U|H 
flOisething  aMite  tifatt  inflaaciMl^ 
atradt  joMioe,-  softBethkig  aaoi^ttift 
a  pantve  iiMpaui  for  "UifclAd , 
hmB,  than  a  eeU  attd  ' 
neutrality  ?  And  if  saAoe 
interest,  such  as  befits  two 
In  innihit  ebcutustanoes,  enisle  in 
ihe  oouxt'  of  Laodon,  htoW  k  it 
that  it  does  not  BHriiifiSBt  ilecir  in 
visiUaaetaOf  ftiMdly  iutoipiMUifc 
to  sai«  tos  aUy  fioitt  e^  k 
^n^iich  humanity^  wiilianii^  aadavM 
cautious  flind  pnovkleiit  slalb- policy 
will  mltp8dliae^  Or  liotr  is  it 
Itet  (if  thes6  benevdebt  aoH 
axist)  they  are  not  contniMnfirstrf 
to  the  cabinel  of  his  C^athoBt 
iMjkjsty? 

The  acts  to  which  I  aflii^ 
would  m  itowise  compfoons^  the 
most  fltrictly  cdneeitea  syalem  ef 
aeutnlity.  Good  offices,  eoiflMcH 
thereflectionsof  onefrieudinkioar 
01  another,  de  not  piade  a  naricti 
in  cobeeil  of  attack  or  defence 
with  another,  do  not  cxpctoenitte 
the  enmity  of  the  oppositef  pa^, 
even  it  they  do  not  deterve  its 
gratitude — they  aie  not  (in  a 
word)  e&ctive  aid,  ttoopa,  anni» 
Bubodies,  #hieh  imgriient  ^e  ftne 
of  one  (^  Ae  contending  paiciBi. 
•It  is  of  reason  only  ^alt  we  M 
Bpei^ang,  and  it  is  tritii  die  {m  cf 
eondlialicm  that  a  power,  ntttafesd 
iike  greiit  Britain^  mi^lKt  suppoit 
Spain,  wiAout  eapufliiig  huiself  io 
nScepartinawar,  wlisdi  sbettay 
paitapi  ptcfveirt  triflt  genttal 
utility. 


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PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS,*      !«♦ 


:  fingbacl  miljjbt  «ct  ii  Ait  niiiii^ 
tier ;  Ming  aUe^  efQglit  ilie  lb taaolt 
^(ttdlf  the  oogitt^  hat  the  atttdto? 
-In  the  wite^  jik^  and  gcnctoiit 
▼iewt  of  the  govmsMnt  ef  St 
-Jttiuet,  no  intkae  toitwer  ets 
iktak  the  aflbnalhs*  Why 
doet  the  not  notify  to  %Min  what 
haisbeimimtf  and  what  it  it  pn>- 
fkoted  to  do  in   that   madialoiy 

;Ajpe  thefe  weigh^  inoowvtuieiijeet 
%iMdi  en^  dftteretiaii,  which 
«k»w  the  neoeinty  of  lecns^) 
They  ikf  not  appear  to  anrotdiBfli^ 
fMBnetraCnm* 

Neirertiieliti^  in  tueh  nneer^ 
tainty  o£  what  i^  fait  Id  thaa& 
^be  BriMth  ndniitry  fot^  the  go- 
irerm&Mit  of  hit  Cattblle  su^ettf 
«biite  iltilf  hoQid  to  nnniifinty  in 
llie  £Mse  of  tii»  world,  in  ordta 
tiat  it  nnQr  f^Bfd  it' aa  ilt  piofet- 
aidn  €i  foaOt,  ihat  wUltt  it  nt- 
ps^ttthe  rightt  of  otl»rt»  it  will 
merer  adoit  liie  Imti  inUsiventiun 
in  itt  imtrnal  coBcamt^  aor  em' 
4Me  att  act  wMeh  aay  eontiiDniite 
iA  Ikie  leatt  One  ftee  exeniae  «f 
natioRil  tovevoignty* 

Wlflii  euee  yoo  thaaihaveeoH- 
flniaiMKl  Unte  tenk  dedKatioBt 
t5^  ftaiit  koiii  Georae  Camiittg, 
hif  exeeUeney  cannot  do  kit  than 
'fiiid  them  wortliy  d  lam  flattering 
concnrrenoe^  at  well  in  tohataODe 
9s  in  tea%  and  mutt  oemtpond 
cofdiaUy  with  the  q^irit  whidi  hat 
dictated  them  ;  and  it  wiH  t)e  tof- 
ficient  that  you  thoidd  terminate 
yoor  diteourte^  by  reminding  hit 
excellency  that  Spain  hat  been  al- 
mott  ahrayt,  in  b^  polhicsd  rela- 
•tMyney  tlK  viothn  et  her-  piefaftty 
and  feobd  :£bMi  i  tiiat  hei^  nietm^ 
efaip  bat  hetftx,  md^  it  tMaial  to 
Trtli^  nMdoii%  and  it  ntef nl  10  eAer 
'naiionty  and  tinetre  under  erery 
trial;  that  ^  goremment  of  bit 
Hajetty  ii  detirMM  Id  pi«i»fe  the 


ftiwidly  "tiet  whidi  ieite'  beftjribn 
Spiis  and  Enf^d^  bvA  wiflieat 
the  diganution>  witiioot  theide^ 
ytdatkm  of  itt  diffttityy  and  thaiw 
tf  it  bat  to^ttnigi^iin^  tbft  en»- 
basmtiDeBtt  Aat  remk  irimt  itt 
progfetilve  lotteit^  the 
€l|iBiiith  peqpb  aiwayt  pottetttt 
anUimi^  of  tautiment  to,condnct 
ita^  with  booaar,  abMgA^  Atf 
xacttr  to  tiqpport  itt  Piibinnliet^.and 
€autaxia9  or  reteliitioa  to  mabi** 
lam  ilteir  iii  tptle  of  tile  laafe  aaciir 
figbt»  in  the  post  wbick  bdongt  te 
ber  in  Europe. 

No.  8.— The  Dute  of  Wellin^n 
to  Mr.  Secretary  Canning.— 5le- 
ceived  December  11. 

(Extiaet.)  AmiD0OMnb4r9|l«a0. 
I  anived  bare  tMt  aftetnoaw^ 
and  reeal^red  your  i&fjpMti  oi<  the 
titkiiitt.  I  bite  tince  badnai  iv^ 
lerview  n^itb  M:  da  ViUla^Laiid  J 
have  the  pleatm  to  Infbnii  fm, 
that  be  has  tent  a  mettenoer  to  , 
Verona  with  ordert  to  the  French 
minittert  at  that  place,  to  ekp^eit 
the  detire  of  Aie  French  govorn-^ 
kent,  that  the  ttaanmittiev  itf  the 
detpiitchtft  to  Madiid  MnM  be 
mtpended. 

No.  9. — Mr^  Secretary  Canmng  to 

the  Ouke  of  WellingtoD. 
(EKtr«ol>  Foreign  OAoe>  Dec*  9,  ttSfi. 
Your  gxaoe't  deipatdieflt  <tf  Tnca- 
day  have  been  received  and  laid 
btlbte  iheking.  Tk^mtp^iAm 
by  M.  de  y i]l&,  in  fefi^xtiag  ba^ 
ta  Vesanaihe  ooaadmtlDaef  tito 
dtBpflttbti  proposed  to  te  tant  by 
the  three  eontinenial  .coufta  to 
-iheitaavaral  miniaieT^at  Madrid^ 
witb  a^  view  vt  indockig  the-lbree 
ooutttto  taqpend  the  ttiaiii^adiiwi 
of  tfaota  de^atdie^  Mdotlbleiljr 
eonttitoted  a  cate  (wbdKy  ttnftupe- 
seen  when  the  |att  iutiiWiiDftt  of 
ydur   gDveftuaeat  weie   fimmed) 


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106*    ANNUAL   REGISTER;   1€Q3. 


irtoch  made  it  ezpe^fint  ta  sus- 
pend^ en  your  giace's  patt^  tJie  offir 
t»  the  Freoch  govenunoiity  ci  hit 
majesty^B  mediation  iivML-Spaiiy— 
HFpoa  a  full  review,  httvmvet^'  of 
tiie  wtoatioB.  in  wMch  we  staad 
towardg  both  tboee  ^vi&b,  «Bd 
towaids  tlie  other  memben  of  the 
alliaaee^  and  .upon  aa  aosdus  coo* 
flideration  of  laie  several  issues  to 
wkidhthe  qiitestion  of  peaoe  or  war 
nay  cotte^^all  those  cf  his  miges- 
tfs  servants,  whom  I  have  been 
^Ue  to  consult,  are  of  opinion,  that 
it  k  highly  material,  for  the  dear 
aikd  pemc^  .discharge  of  the  duty 
of  the  IBritish  government,  in  a 
question  so  de^ty  affecting  the  in- 
terestSy  not  only  of  the  powers  im« 
mediately  conoemed,  but  c^  the 
wmH,  that  your  giaoe  ^uld  not 
Jaave  Paris,  without  having  pUflad 
in  the  haiids  of  the  Frennh  gcv- 
Ternment  the  eventual  oflbr  ct  bis 
mi^est/s  mediatioB. 

Na  lO^The  Duke  of  Welling, 
ton  to  Mr.  Secretary  Canning. 
—Received  December  22. 

(Extrifit)    Paris,  Deoember  17, 1828. 
I  waited  on  M.  de  Montmorency 
this  day,  and  presented  to  him  the 
note  of  which  I  inclose  a  copy. 

(Indosure  in  No.  10.)    The  Duke 

of  Wellington  to  M.  de  Mont* 

morency. 

Fkria,  December  17i  1822. 

The  undendgned,  his  Britannic 
majest/s  plenipotentiary,  has  ex- 
iduned  and  recorded,  in  the  con^ 
fbrenoea  of  Venma,  the  sentiments 
of  his  flovemment  upon  the  joe* 
sent  cntical  state  of  affiurs  be- 
tween France  and  Spain ;  and  the 
tamest  solicitude  d  the  long  his 
Blaster,  to  avert  a  war  of  wh&  no 
human  Ibresight  can  calculate  the 
ooBseqaenoes. 

Upon  his  anpLval  at  Paris^  the 


undflfrifined  Iband 
fiom  his  goveniment,  to  ofier  to 
his  most  Christian  majesty  tfie  me- 
diation of  the  king  his  masfea^  her 
fore  the  decisive  step  ahoidd  -hiaw 
been  takem  of  traaimitting  taM*p 
drid  the  despatsfaes  writtoi  at  V«k 


The  undersigned  xcpmood  sjt  the 
dfiby  whidi  had  been  intesposed  to 
the  traawnisBian  of  ttoe  desp 
patdics  to  Madrid,  by  tha  rcfcrwMe 
to  Verona;  andhn  yvmnrtint 
have  kamt»  with  the  Sv!eliesf^<as»* 
tisfieurtioii,  the  dfit^ymiitatifMi  of  the 
French  govemmoit  to  reeonsider 
a  measuie  which  the.'midBzai^ed 
had  so  anxioiiflly^idiefiSBaated*^ 
•  It  is  the.siBeeie  b^e.  otMf  mt^ 
jesty,  that  this  salutary-  zeecaoida^ 
JcaooB  may  prevent  roconfie  to 
arms.  Biit,asthe]isiieQ£^-iep 
fcvence  to  Venma  mj  still  be 
doubtful,  the  uadeialgQed  is  ia» 
atancted  to  dedhus,  |faat»  if  Aa 
anmver.  to  that  retereaoa  tshmU 
not  be  such  aa  to  pieduda  aU.daa* 
gar  of  hostilities,  has  -miyeslBr  wiB 
be  Feafy:to^aocqit  the  office  tt 
mediator  between  theFreodiaai 
SmMoA  govemmeiits;  and  to  em* 
moy  his  most  stieniaous  end4»voii» 
m  the  adjuatsaent  of  tbehr  difii^ 
enoe8,aiid  forihe  preaervatioQ  af 
the  peace  of  the  world.  .  The.ii»> 
dcrs^gned,  Ac 

(Signed)        WMUiOton^*  ., 

No.  11.  — (Translation.)  Note 
from  the  Duke  of  Montmorency 
to    the    Duke  of   Wellington, 

[    dated  Paris  the  26th  Dec  1822. 

The  undorsigned  minist^  iat 
fiMrdign  affidrs  has  received  and  laid 
b^ire  the  kmg,  the  ngte  which 
his  ezoelleilc;^  the  duke  of  W^ 
liBgtondid  hmi  the  honour,  to  a^ 
dvMs  toUm  on  the  .17tl^of.thia 
month. 

His  nuyea^  has  ^peeiatedtha 


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PUBLIC   DOCUMEJITS.        107» 


sen^ents  wliicli  hofe  Snduoed 
•the  king  c€  En^and  to  oflfer  liis 
mediation  to  bis  majesty^  in  order 
to  preTent  a  rupture  between  him 
and  the  Spanish  florernment.  But 
his  majesty  ooull  not  but  fed  Uiat 
the  rituationof  Pnmee  with  re- 
gard to  Spain^  was  not  of  a  nature 
to  call  for  a  mediation  between  the 
two  courts.  In  faiet,  there  exists 
Tio  diflRsrence  between  them^  no 
^^ledfic  point  of  discussion^  by  the 
arrsaigement  of  which  their  rela- 
tions might  be  placed  cm  the  foot- 
ing  on  which  they  ou^t  to  stand. 
Spain^  by  the  nature  of  her  revo- 
hition^  and  l^  the  circumstances 
with  which  it  has  been  attended 
has  excited  the  aj^prehensions  of 
several  great  powers.  England 
participated  in  these  apprdien* 
sions;  for  even  in  the  year  18S0, 
^he  fcn^esaw  cases,  in  whidi  it 
would  be  impossible  to  preserve 
with  Spain,  relations  of  peace  and 
good  undevstandinff. 

France  is  more  mterested  than 

any  other  power   in  die  events 

-whidi  may  result  from  the  actual 

sHuation  of  that  monarchy.    But 

it  is  not  her  own  interests  alone 

whieh  are  compromised,  and  which 

fliie  must  keep  in  view  in  the  pr&- 

.  sent  circumstances>— the  repose  of 

I  Europe,  and  the  maintenanee  of 

i  those  principles  by   whidi  it  is 

guaranteed,  are  involved. 

The  duke  of  Wellington  knovrs 
that  these  are  the  sentiments  which 
dictated  the  conduct  of  France  at 
Verona;  and  that  the  courts  which 
agreed  in  them  regarded  the  con- 
»  aequences  of  the  revolution,  and  of 
l9ie  actual  state  of  Spain  as  being 
common  to  them  all;  that  tiiey 
never  entertained  the  idea  that  it 
was  between  France  and  Sfiain 
idone  that  the  existing  c^culties 
needed  to  be  arranged ;  that  they 
tonadand'  tin   question    to    be 


**  wholly  European ;"  and  that  it  It 
ih  consequence  of  this  opinion,  that 
tiie  measures  which  had  for  ibm 
object  the  bringing  about,  if  possi* 
Ue,  an  amelioration  in  the  state  of 
a  country  so  highly  interesting  to 
Europe,  were  conceived  and  pr6^ 
^posed-— measures,  the  success  of 
which  would  have  been  complet^^ 
ly  secured,  if  England  had  thought 
die  could  concur  in  th^m. 

His  most  Christian  majesty,  who 
was  bound  to  weigh  these  cousin 
derations  matnrdy,  has  therefore 
thought  that  he  could  not  tcce^ 
the  mediation  that  his  Bfttanmp 
majesty  has  been  pleased  to  pn>- 
pose  to  lum.  He  sees,  however, 
with  pleasure  in  the  proposition, 
a  new  pled^  of  the  coiwiliatory 
disposition  of  the  Enditdi  govern- 
ment; and  he  thinin  that  with 
such  feelings,  that  government 
may  render  essential  service  to 
Europe,  by  ofiMng  in  the  Hke 
manner  to  the  ^vemment  ^  of 
Spain,  advice,  which  by  leading 
them  to  entertain  more  calm  views, 
might  produce  a  happ)r  influence 
on  the  internal  situation  <tf  that 
country. 

His  msgesty  would  learn,  with 
the  liveliest  satisfaction,  the  suc- 
cess of  such  efforts.  He  would 
see  in  it  a  firm  ground  to  hope  for 
the  preservation  of  a  peace,  of  the 
great  value  of  which,  the  govern- 
ments and  the  people  of  Europe 
cannot  but  be  deeply  senriWe.  The 
undersigned  eageily  embraces  the 
opportunity  of  renewingto  Hs  ex- 
cellency the  duke  of  WcBington 
the  assurances  of  his  high  con- 
sideration. The  undersigned,  &c. 
(Signed)      Montkqbbn^y. 

Na  12. — ^Mr.  Secretary  Canniiig  to 
,  the  Vieomte  de  MaioeUas. 
•     foreign  Office,  Janusry  10,  IMS. 
The  undersigned,  lus  majesty's 


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108»    ANNUAL  EEGlSTERi    1823. 


irinapBl  secretary  of  state  for 
foreign  affiuis^  has  received  firom 
^e  duke  of  WeUin^ton^  late  his 
niajest/s  plenipotentiary  at  the 
congress  of  Verona,  and  has  laid 
before  the  king  his  master^  the 
answer  of  the  minister  for  foreign 
affiurs  of  his  most  Christian  ma- 
jesty^  to  the  official  note  in  which 
the  duke  of  Wellington^  on  his 
return  from  Verona,  tendered  to 
ilie  French  government  the  medi- 
ation of  the  king,  for  the  adjust- 
ment of  differences  between  France 
and  Spain. 

The  undersigned  is  commanded 
to  address  to  M.  de  Marcellus> 
charg^  d'affidres  of  his  most  Chris- 
tian majesty,  the  foUowim;  obser- 
vations on  the  note  of  his  exoel- 
ieacy  the  duke  de  Montmorency, 
to  be  transmitted  by  M.  de  Mar- 
oellus  to  his  court 

The  king  has  seen  with  plea- 
aure,  diat  his  most  Christian  nu»- 
jesty  does  justice  to  the  sentiments 
whH^  dictated  the  ofSsr  of  his  ma- 
jes^s  mediation :  and  although  the 
view  vdiich  is  taken  in  M.  de 
Montmorency's  note,  of  the  nature 
of  the  differences  between  the 
French  and  ^wnish  governments, 
haa  induced  his  most  Christian  ma^ 
jesty  to  decline  that  mediation,  the 
Jong  will  not  the  less  anxiously 
employ^  in  every  way  that  is  y^ 
m>en  to  him,  those  "  conciliatory 
dupoflitions"  for  which  his  most 
Christian  nugesty  gives  him  credit;, 
to  bring  about  a  state  of  things 
Jett  menadnp  to  the  peace  of  Eu- 
rope, than  t£at  which  is  exhiUt^ 
jn  the  p«sent  position  of  those 
two  governments  towards  eack 
other. 

The  British  ealnnet  had  not  to 
kftm  howfear^^  thetranqmlHty 
of  all  Europe  intist  be  affected  hy 
Aie  hostile  cdUision  of  Franae  and 
AoeordiDgtyi  in  the  4tike 


of  W^IhngtonV  ofidal  not^  the 
«' a^ustment"  of  the  simpoKd 
''.differences  between  therrencb 
and  Spanish  govemmfnts,"  ww 
stated  as  auxiliary  to  ^  tile  proer- 
vatidn  of  the  peace  of  the  worid.' 
J^t  the  British  cabinet  certuo^ 
did  not  understand  the  q^estiflo 
brou^t  forward  at  ycnma,  by  tie 
plenipotentiary  of  bis  i?iost  Cbos- 
tian  majesty,  with  reject  totfcc 
actual  situation  and  posfliUe  oor 
ductgf  Spain;  to  be  questiflosin 
which  the  concern  of  Fiance  w» 
so  little  distinguishable  firom  ^ 
of  other  powers,  as  the  duto  4e 
Montmorency's  note  repsesentsit 

The  plen^otentiary  of  tieifflg 
of  France  solicited  from  his  wft^ 
Christian  majesty's  allies  a  dector 
tion: 

1st  Whether,  if  France  shouM 
find  herself  obl^  to  recaU  kr 
minister  fircan  Madrid,  and  to 
break  off  all  diphmsatic  idat^ 
with  Bpwn,  they  vrould  be  4^ 
posed  to  takle  the  like  measure  «» 
to  recall  their  several  legstignf  ? 

2iid.  If  war  should  Tire*  J^ 
between  France  imd  Sptdnj  '^J^ 
fwm,  and  by  what  acts,  won* 
they  aflford  to  France  that  loxm 
suppwt,  which  would  give  to  » 
proceedings  the  whole  fatix  af*^ 
^Jliance,  and  would  inspire  a  tm- 
fary  fear  into  the  revolutionists  w 
all  countries  f 

8rd.  What  were  the  mtenooitf 
d  the  several  powers,  '^  J*JJJ 
the  substance  and  the  form  rftfj 
direct  assistance  which  they  wous* 
be  di^K)sed  to  give  to  Fj*"*^^ 
case  in  which,  upon  her  ^^?"^ 
their  active  interv«ition  •W'*' 
become  necessary  ?  . 

France,  therefbre,  origiiiftt?*^ 
discussions  upon  Spanish  **^^ 
VestoasL ;  and  the  aiwwers  «  ^ 
diree  dontinental  members  wj^ 
aiHanoe  were  addressed  to  tbo  <*^ 


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PUBLIC  dociimbmt:s.      loon 


wappaeed,  and  to  the  mxppart  de* 
vMmdfiA,  by  Franoe. 
'  tn  6ommon  with  ^  three  oon- 
tanentld  powers^  the  plenipotoi- 
ttary  of  1^  majesty  eonfidered  the 
cnMtkm  of  peabe  or  war  with 
^Mun^  as  a  question  peculiarly 
ftendi.  In  his  answer  (given  in 
simultaneously  with  those  of  the 
tiiree  continental  powers)  to  the 
queries  of  the  French  plenipoten- 
tiary^ and  in  all  the  discussions 
whidi  followed  thereupoh,  the  duke 
of  Wellinffton  uniformly  all^;ed, 
as  one  of  his  reasons  for  not  assent- 
ing to  the  piopositiQBS  of  M-  de 
Montmoren^^  the  ignorance  of 
the  Kitish  government  as  to  the 
antecedent  transactions  and  com- 
munications (during  the  last  two 
years)  betwerai  the  governments  of 
Ffanee  and  Spam. 

No  objection  was  stated  by  the 
duke  of  Wellington^  on  the  part 
of  the  king  his  master,  to  the  pre- 
cautionaiy  measures  of  Prance, 
within  her  own^ntier ;  measures 
whkh  &e  rijght  of  s^-defenee 
plainly  authorued,  not  oidy  against 
the  danger  of  contagious  disease 
(in  which  they  pft^^rasedly  or^-* 
Bated,  and  to  which,  till  & 
Month  of  September,  they  were 
ttsBlunvely  ascribed)^  but  against 
those  ineonvenienoes  which  mighi 
pOttAly  ainse  to  Franee  fimn  civil 
canteiit  in  a  coun^  separated  fi^om 
Franoe  only  by  a  conventional  line 
^  demarcation ;  against  the  moral 
H^E»6tioii  of  politioEd  uUtatigae,  and 
gainst  the  violation  of  French 
territory  li^'oeeasional  military  in- 
curdoBs.  fiut  it  appeared  to  his 
<>unedj^'s  pknipetentiary  at  Verona 
tone  necessary  and  just,,  that,  beJ 
Cove  he  was  called.iqion  to  promise 
eventually  t&e  support  of  his  gCF 
vemment  to  measures  on  the  ipart 
of  France  which  were  likely  to 
*^  to  war  with  Spain,  opportu* 


dity  liiGuld  li«ve  been  allawd  tor 
his  govenunent  to  examine  the 
grounds  of  those  measures*-^  that 
the  cause  of  ofifence  given  by  Spain 
to  France  should  have  been  ^prafi"^ 
cally  defined.  ^ 

It  was  therefore  impossiUe  foe 
his  mojes^s  plenipetentia^  to 
*^  eoOBur^  Ui  the  deosieas  of  V^ 


It  remaiBS  for  the  underagaed; 
to  advert  to  thsrt;  past  of  ito 
Frebch  oflkial  note,  whidi  appeaca 
to  insinuate  a  reproach  against  thia 
oountry,  as  if  she  had  abandonoA 
at  Vetona,  opinions  trfiioh  she  had 
finrmerly  declared  wilji  vei^eot  to 
tiie  adws  of  Spain. 

'' £ndlmd/ It  is  said, '' partook 
in  188^  of  the  inqiaetude  whic)^ 
tibe  revokitioo  in  Spain  oc^tsaoned 
to  many  great  powers ;  she  fertamwr 
cases  in  which  it  tei^ht  be  uapos4 
sMe  to  preKTve  with  l^iaia  th^ 
reilaticms  of  good  intdliynoe  «ad 
peace."  * 

The  nndenngned  must  be  pei^ 
nutted  ^  Si^,  that  tfaooj^  quea^ 
tions  were  indoad  prqwundedto 
fingland,  in  the  year  1820,  as  to 
pesalble  future  oontingendes  in  the 
aflbkfrof  Spain^  so€sr  &oak ''  §ogo* 
toeing  eases,"  end  deciding  npoai 
the  conduct  whieh  would  be  anii^ 
caUetoliiem,  m  the  nuMUnsr  hM 
described,  the  British  govemmcait 
pesitnrely  declined  to  Unditadl} 
by  a  contingent  opinion,  to  muf 
oonditi<mal  course  of  aeCaon. 
'  But  tiiera  was  no  indisyisptiqa 
or  hesitation  toavow  «^  nntvaidel 
upon  whh^  theopinionof  £iig^iaii4 
muld  be  formed,  and  bar  pount 
of  action  regulated.  It  was  «k 
only  dedaied-^at  the  Britudb  gO^ 
vernmeni  disdaimedf  an)r:genm 
fig^t  of  ^teiferaice  in  theiatesaal 
concerns  of  in^fi^deiit  «tCh»is{ 
but  it  was  speeifiasllf  sMMd,  th4 
^ete  sum  periiaps  4ie  eoomvy  df 


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lyr^    ANNUAL  RSGISTSR,  lt23. 


•|iidiiiiigmt«d»%id^Sf8in  whoie 
kitemal  dirtairhinnpo  would  be  io 
Ufctle  Idcdy  to  mnnce  other  siateB 
jtruh  that,  direct  and  imBunent 
dfl2i^>  which  could  akme;,  in  ex^: 
ception  to  the  general  rulei»  justify 
fosofin  inteKferanee. 

T&  MpUcadon  of  theee  prin- 
eiples  to  we  caaes  bnw^t  farwaid 
1^  France  at  Verona^  wasasdizeet 
aa  it  was  consistent  with  the  for- 
w&&^  pix^essioaa  of  the  British 
fnhiaai  -*-  That  applieatbn  was 
fiirlhflr  en&preed  hy  other  < 
daradon^  which,  thou^  they  had 
not  perfaiqps  heen  distinctly  antict- 
pated.  in  a. prospective  toad  hypo- 
thetical argument  h(»e  n^yerdidiBss 
with  undemaUe  force  upon  the 
^esdon  to  be  decided  at  Verana* 

Dangers  not  necessarily  arising 
fipom  t£e  eostegnoe  of  the  Intemtd 
agitations  of  Spain,  might  nevee- 
tMess  be  created  l^  an  uncalled* 
tfx  and  miudidkrasintezposition  in 
them.  Tne  spirit  of  revohition, 
which,  shut  up  within  the  Pyren- 
.noes,  mi^  exhaust  itself  in  stanig- 
gles,  trymg  indeed  to  Spain,  b^ 
hamiless  to  her  nei^^bours,  it 
edled  ^orth  from  witlun  those  pie- 
eincts  by  the  provocation  of  foreign 
attadL,  mijp^t  find  perhi^in  otl^ 
countries  nesh  aliiuBnt  for  its  fury ; 
and  m^^  renew  throughout  £u- 
xop^^  miseries  of  the.  five  and 
twenty  years  which  preceded  the 
peace  of  181^ 

V  For.  these,  and  abundant  other 
reasons,  the  vnpce  of  his  majes^s 
l^en^potentiary  at  Verona  was  ror 
peace.  The  preservation  of  ge- 
amd  peace  is  the  earnest  wish  imd 
d^ect  of.  his  nujesty;  and  the 
undersigned  is  commanded  to  r^ 
peat,  that  no  means  will  be  left 
unexhausted  by  his  nu^est/s  go- 
vemment,  which  the  impaxtial  env- 
ploymmt  of  good  offices  can  afford, 
io  soothe  the  irritation  at  present 


•^ 


uakappily  subsisting  betivsai  d» 
governments  ai  France  and  Sfsk^ 
and  ;to  pfevest,  if  fotMt,  the 
commencement  of  hoililifciHy  tk 
consequences  of  which  no  hxsnm 
foresight  can  calculate.  Hie  is- 
dersigned,  8sc 

(Signed)     GnoaoB  Canvum. 

No.  13.  — (Tnm8latbn).-Tbe 
Viscount  de  Qiateaufariand  to 
Mr.  Secretary  Cannbg.— Bf 
ceived,  Jan.  27th« 

The  undersigned  ndaiiter  fir 
afi&ks,  of  his  moitCUh 
tian  majesty,  has  laid  befivede 
king^  the  note,  dated  the  IC^d 
this  month  which  hisezodes^^ 
the  principal  secretaiy  cf  Hafteftr 
fi»reign  amdrs  of  Ins  BritsiiBbar 
jesty,  has  addreaaed  to  viiootft 
Marcellus.  He  has  beea  c«- 
manded  to  make  tliefoflowiogcar 

munieation  to  liis  exeelkn^: 

The  cabinet  of  his  Britaw 
nn^esty  would  fidl  into  a  teem 
enw,  if  it  imagined  that  Fm* 
had  represented  to  the  coognn  a 
Verona,  the  yiestion  of  qF^j[ 
having  fx  her  an  interest  ^^^ 
separate  from  that  of  the  slU 
powers;  that,  con«qiient]j ihe* 
mccmsistent  when,  in  hersnivv 
to  the  proposition  of  lutdie^^ 
made  by  £ng)attd,  she.BuaBtn" 
that  that  question  is  "  whdDf  Et- 
ropean.";,  ^ 

France^  since  the  mmsMti^* 
Ais-hi-Chi^pdle,  is  dosdj  mi^ 
with  the  courts^  who>  ^  ^ 
effitrtg,  have  re-estaUiBhea  f^ 
upon  die  continent.  D^^jlf  f^ 
pressed  widi  the  sacred  oM^ 
of  treaties^  she  wffl  fiw  ^ 
duties  whidli  they  impose qpoB^ 
— <nie  of'  the  duties  tinis  reqiA* 
of  France  was,  to  wake  ^^^^'^ 
her  allies,  the  motives  vHiiefcW 
compelled  her  to  establish  aatfVf 


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P.UBLIC  DOCUMENTS.       Ill* 


M 


tten^  ttadtocspbinhartmeaainegB 
on  approiduM  evenls,  of  whidf  it 
was  euy  to  cadcakle  «1k^  chft&oefl. 
In  the  positicm  in  i«Udk  the  Bgi- 
tatkoB  in  flpotn  had  placed  her^ 
common  prudence  vMjiMd  I^Hlt 
fiiie  Aould  make  heneu  acquainted 
with  die  part  which  the  allied 
powers  would  t&]te>  in  the  event  of 
war  hecoming  inevitable. 

TfaiS'line'm  conduct,  Which  good 
aBn96  and  rmigon  painted  out,  the 
duke  de  Montaiorency  was  hound 
to  fisUow  at  Verona.  The  ^ve- 
nigns  weffe  o£  opiniini'  (in  which 
tiie  Frendi  gwennnent  con- 
cdnded),  that  t&ie  was  iamin«nt 
danger  to  socie^>  in  that  ttdUtarj 
nnandvf  in  Spaing  in  which  tboae 
•priiiil|iiBB  were  pot  -fovth  sBiew, 
which,  dunngTiiiirty  years^  had 
occasioned  the  misfortunes  of  £n- 
-rope.  Fxam*  thesegenend'condfiw 
ences;  particidar  questsoos  nata« 
rally  at08e;:andcase8  whidi  were 
odBiRaHy  involved  in  the  general 
intarests, .  hecame  die  subject  of 
specific  diflsussion. 

The  result  -of  thase-ftaak  com* 
mnnicatkna  was,  that'  Fiance 
Srandhttidf  placed  in  a  positioft 
to  act  sepantely  in  a  cause  vdueh 
was,  as  it  wer^  appropriated  to 
lier,- without,  however,  separating 
her  pcdiey  finnn  that  of  her  allies ; 
^aorUmt,  aooording  to  the  impres- 
sion which  the  case  conveyed,  it 
mi^  he  and,  without  fear  of 
coptiaitiction,  that  the-  question 
ve^ieeting  ^pain  vras  at  onee 
''wholly  Fraieh,  and  whidly 
Euopean." 

Tnr  UTifkTiigfirdjfltittTiTnghTai 
self  that  he  has  given  a  satimctory 
answer  to  the  first  olgeotion  of  his 
Britannic  nu^esty's  piindpal  so* 
cretary  of  state  for  £ofeign  afidra, 
proceeds  to  die  oonsidmtion  of 
another  point.    > 


"  The  cMadt  of  the  TuiBe^ 
lulve  nbt  fc^gotten,  that  lAie  pnft* 
opal  motive  alleged  by  his  grace 
the  dtdce  of  Wettmgton  at  Verona, 
for  not  etplaimng  himself  upon 
ihe  oUm»  ^^ideriiy  was,  the  igno- 
rance-of  his  government  cf  the 
tkaiMedoas  whii&  had  tifiken  place 
ho^Kfeen'  Prattce  and  ^paia,  fiMi 
1«30  to  l«n;  That  dl|$eetkih 
wiasieinftvad  arUie  oongtess,  as  k 
w91  be  h»fe,  by  die  mgle  obrier* 
vation/'  dttt  the  grievances  of 
whidi  Fniace  ndght  have  to  eotn- 
pkin,  on  die  snbj^of  theSpai^di 
ftvdutkm,  -weie  •mibvtn&atoly  of 
public  netciSe^  I  affi  thisurwhdt 
die  nndersined  will  have  occtt* 
sion  to  ^hsvelife  hi  the  couivo  ec 
thb  note* 

ine  miiBSief  lor  niiign  anurs 
of  his  Britannic  BMjeaty,  in  rqily 
to  an-'obaervatiob  contained  in  the 
noteof  M.leDuode  Mouimoienty, 
dated  the'24«h  December,  states 
that  die  cabinet  g£  St.  Janets  has 
never  admitted  that  thne  vm'n 
case  to  justify  intervention  in  ite 
aftirs  <^  Spun ;  and  that  thcfCi- 
foie  it  ndf^t  refose  to  bind  itHtf 
for  the  future  by  expivssing  an 
opinion  upo|^  coudugent  and  w^ 
certain  events.  The  uniertigned 
thinks,  however,  that  ho  haa 
reasons  for  not  doubdnif  that  in  a 
Minwire  drawn  up  by  me  cahtaiet 
of  London,  in  answer  to  a  despatdi 
of  the  court  of  R^issia,  and  eon- 
municated  on  die  17th  May,  1820, 
by  or  Chacles  Stuait  to  the  Frencli 
niinistg  for  fore^jn  aUairB,  an  opi^ 
mon  is  pranonnced  diat  an  iaterw 
feienee  m  the  a^Snrs  of  Spain 
would  be  iusdfiable;  1st,  if  the 
vifdenoe  of  die  persons  in  power 
led  them  to^MiaMack  agginst  any 
odier  <Mes:  2nd,  if  l^pain  al^ 
^tempted  to  possess  herself  of  Pop. 
togal,  or  to  effect  a  le-uuhm  of 
the  two  states.    This  opinion  ft 


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im    AKVIfAS.  REOiaXBR,   l«t3. 


»«nd  int^r^  qf  Europe  •§  vi<h 
pti^ci^iAlcreBti,  t0  .the  oim  <tf 
vi^uLoh  e«i9ii)r  gpi>gff»»nwai;  has  aa 
a^Jmowldda^  4^t  to  attend. 

ThA  ii«Sbr8Ma4  n^prete,  tfcst 
be  camuit  coiome  in  opnuim  wilik 
hia  Biitan«ic  n)ajaa»y's  prinoipd 
paontaqi!  ot^MMorfytdffi  afiuc^ 
aa  to  tke  little  dao^nr  to  whatk 
ike  Spudish  leveltttion  cxpoaia  the 
Other  powen  af  Eimpe.  The 
state  of  xQod^mcivilimtkm  faEmgi 
one  «ati|Ai  into  oomrnvnicatuNi 
mdi  all  otihaia,  haiweffer  ooni» 
jl^eteijr  it  magr  be  inirolated  hf 
geograUcal  porftien*  Fiaooc^ 
fmpitimy,  Ae  00I7  eountrf  vhoae 
£rentier  touchea  that  of  Sigma^ 
aidhn  QoikaMteTaUy  fisoea  the  tnm^ 
blea  ^fviiiqb  agilale-Ae  Idhgilam  of 
Fertieaiii  > — A.  ^  legvolntiop  whieh 
aeeo^to  beve  taken  for  its  auideli 
that  of  wUi^  ti^e  ^saeea  ere  not 
jret  effiwied;  amkmm  and  agitatea 
in  the  bpsom  oS  France  a  hoot  of 
paasumf-and  reooUeetionaJ-^Innn* 
menJUe  proob  exist  that  the  rero* 
lotionista  iif  S^^fin  aad  Faaeaaee 
ia  close  eonnesioii ;  end  in  «El  iJbe 
xniHtaiy  napspirticies  Ipoed  V  ^ 
Fvench  tiabimriii,  the  name  and 
the  hef^  q£  die  Covtea  havemt^ 
i9abljeffNq|BUBed.  Offimdepeacaped 
fcem  itt^taoe  hsLve  found  an  asylum 
in  we  Peninsula^  where  they 
menace  and  insilt  mth  impunity^ 
liie  monaKchy  and  the  .Annie  of 
tbe  Bouriiena.7«-JLibel8  wditeii  in 
Feencb>andpaatodan.fipeia»  are 
soattared  aheoad  amongat  the  aany 
of  i>bBemtifin«liEirdie  purpoae.of 
oocrupti^  lilt.  And  /even  in  the 
£n$^jsh  papea  the  Britiah  gonenu 
9WBt  baa  aeaa  that  our  ooliMi 
were  OKpited.  to  xe»olt  in  Ihe  name 
of  Spatn^  Thaee'isqta  wan'  ad» 
mitaaddiyAnpliiatimi  %4ns,0i;aee 
the^ykaof .  Wellingten^  wboD^ia 


bk  iigiiiiiiMia  MM  be  i 
bis  aiyBribatienf  to  ;die 
itMnt'oC  tbe^an^eC-i 
The  fiary  note  to  wCkb^entoi 
signed  has  now  ^  hoQaor  t^ 
xcply^  confirms  all  thafehe  luBB  sd» 
vaoceK^-in  cWnc  die  £afiowingiB» 
pweaiions  of  the  nohle  dnkd** 
"  The  ditke  of  WfUingtai  aals 
no  .elijectioa  in  ihe  name  ef  ihi 
Idngy  his  master,  to  the  pra» 
tienarj  meaaoxes  taken  h|r  Fnune 
on.  her  own  £coaticB^  id^ist  law 


by  the  ri^tof  defendingbonK 
nol  only  soainst  Ihe  dangKiif 
infrrtions  iSwBaaffj  bat  rise  tafotk 
the  aianl  oeotagiflii  of  vSMmA 
mtriglie;  aadfinalfy,  egr^^^ 
▼iebSien  of  the  Fiendi 
l^  canial  miKaary 
Tins  adaaiaBMm  ia  remidBaUe,  mi 
bcsidea^  ^&d  not  FiedpEMitt  aad  ibt 
kingdom^  the  Two  Sidliet  am 
in  ue  name  of  the  Cortes;  snlii 
any otberpoDof  required,  thatiU 
l^peaish  lefnlution  may  pa«  (^ 
Umilaof  theFyxoineai?  Faotf 
then  has  die  rigba  io  defeedlw 
self  against  moral  4tintagiflPi  b 
is  equally,  necoasasy  fog  hiBf  ttii» 
cure  hemelf.  aaaiaat  danoa  ^ 
another  aart,  amea  liba  FaaA 
terailQiy  baa  baop  dariee  oiolaMd 
by  die  eonstituekmai  taoeps  d 

That  Fcance,  diaqubted  ia  ki 
interioc^  and  amed  on:  bar  ^ftaa* 
tsen  for.  her  d^enee^  abouldhi 
under  an  bnpeneus  aieeesBl^  ^ 
eaeape  fiom  a  poaitTon  ap<  jfaWal 
to  l»r^  is  what  it  is  mapoanUaa^ 
to  acknowledge.    lAkoikmBMk 

tmmni  iimimmj         lin    mnmrnn^lw  J^M 

peeee.  She  would  n^bsmhea* 
tated^  in  ooncert  widi  faBaeUw^ 
aoeepttbe  medmtimi  ef  DagbM 
if  thedkpasion  of  ipedfieiale^ 
wetatin  qnettion  ;.  bu^et  iai 
siUe  to  establish  a  basis  pf : 


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j^uBLic  »ocaii»rBi©pa' '   mm 


iwiwirh  M^  dc  S«p  Mlgad  awtqc on  -  nMOecieiy  «nrt,of  McrifiiA  to  «b»; 
ik^ Idtii  of  iUa soonSt^  to  tlie  sa«  doire.iif  avoiUiig  war;  lisfiag; 
DMter.df  Oretti  Aritam  at  titt  8triM{|(led^|i0iha^l6oki4>HIi'^ 
court  of .  Madrid^  in  0cdnr  ta.  ao^  /  pafeGeapidkaitiociMdjbf  thri 


ibaibpowtttoiBtQisfareinAe    vaaaluMrt  of  Spoini    hni  at  langA 
of  the  Ffantk  gnd  SniaMli «  reached  Jhafclatt  liaat  of 


Wflramftnta  ■nimetyotknuaBH  aim  vUchiiaj^eit^lilHktsa^iaits 
leiMttbekaitysiiiceitappearftkal  itwifctaa  wkh-HapwIity  cww  ilap^ 
itNMddbavailaotbarol^tiiiii    Iq^nrediiiter  oMiikial  ' 


ftalheanqrof  Fmm»^  ^riOto^  mmum  to  oSm 
tW  alQiil  aadtal  piajnaKi  ihr  pattea>  t 

If  tlleadbiiiotofMadfidiiBii*  caanalognraltttlHlr.agrcatolha 

at  ittite  caoKmnvk^tAmK  doea  it  >  dcaigfera  itrfiab  llirtalni  her.    fiha* 

niad  a»  iottraitKlMH  ahmnA  to  hm^tiamAy  tihiit,  and  iha  watt; 

traamail  thwa  to  thaKsahhiietaf  tha  ceafOiiMio^tafceithsiiieaii^reahaift 

Tidktiea?    The  kltar  daaa  aa»  rnlaHUlrfl  A»r|wittiiyaaand  to  a. 

ftar  to  eqplaiB  itoel£    £va|i^  t^  stato'  ^  uaeertaiiiip,  lahkb  eoai^ 

cflte%   k  hM  Bade  hpovm  tbm.  pntoiMtoaUaKhnr  aafa^^  her.  ha#: 

raaiapeMa  ^apditoiai^  by  laeam  ef  noMr^  attd  hia  di^Biljr*    Whatoitai^i 

idybhaaitendyrafOnii1iat*mtfmighc  m^  ha  the  evfnt^  FiMMa  vitti 
hae&at^ 


Thaorantode  laGrtrdehai  »>- 


sfbrafra-have  j^baaaae  mflelfUMOB-. 
tha^^aad  eflkaa  of  whkh  the  £ai9* 


ciifad  oadaw^to  eemmiinicBte  eoa^  liah  govemmant  has  agaut  hoaa 

fidaaiiilly  to^hr  WiHk»  A^Cayrtf  lOaMfed  to  Mew  to  her  toa  prq^ 

til*,  kal^  heria^roiivt  uitoMlifmA^  sal.    She  will  hoiadf  uae  h«r  «t- 

Hia  naii'  Chaitiati  nu^esty  4a>*  noit'eadeatoiiffta'dnaw  dawathat 

laitodi^thathaa  Calholie  iaajag|yi  tk»  whMi  «»  haffily^  iiiiito  A»- 

ib*lld,afUBiMl^«idhyhi»«fm  tmdt  maajwhica,   ai^l  Ae   twor 

> apply ihaniiiniaiiy ifto»-  peapk.    . 

rtothaiaatiiaiioitfwhidt.      <j8igpad)        CaM^ia«NHAif»i 

T^a-SrvTS?^^*!?  fw  No  l4.— Mr.  Secretary  Canning  to 
Jj^J^^*^**^**^^**^  Sir  Charles  Stuart,  ' 

Ta  thJB  ftin  fnwminin  hyUi^  Saraignafiee^JaaaaiySS^ISaa. 
Ftodwa<ni>'  of  tfaa  eaweatod  uuM^       Sir^>--ahfli«;^aftcr  I  had  dea- 
taiina^lhaUag  if  Fiwoathqiha  patched  the  meaeiMar  yatotoday;. 
te##tw)Miiabafaa|OT  toadd^ar.  fedfe  Ifcaaeliaa  deSiiaad  to  w 
fiJiaii  iwii|>lnii  eiiHMHj^  fag  itt  thaaABklflBMaaof  11.  daChai 
.  lalMaal  nrii  coannittotiwBrMBg,  toKuMnA  to  Ae  mtm  addmied. 
up  teAe  aar^F»iiilgil<*"g  ^^  by  toeto  M.  dr  MaracDuaortbr 
a^i   lamianptt    WMia    wiNOd  ItkiiiitoBt 
WflMii  iftasTi  tha  IImm*  oemlir>       AaHappawi  tern  yaor  estaei^- 
tnliMtiha  Mnto,  #i  nhilaMa^  lewf'adeipatdiafthrMdi^iAMr 
mkim  kkA,  whidi  Bwiifciger  all  Agimhiil  iiaytainiiy^tiitM. 
lalliilaatefiaonaittaaa*  ThatoMhr*-  deOiitoaahchafltaMiM^tha'Stoiiejh 
Maad  feeb  poauadad,  that  pia>^  toieiii  awnBtoapjillli  iobitotteaaf 

Vol.  LX\^  H* 

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It4«    ANNUAL  REGIS TJS^R,    !«$• 


iim^9m»  b*A  not  AmuAed  ybir 
widi  acofjr  of  it^  I  think  il  fight  ta 
iofllose  a  copy  for  yourkiformat^iu ' 

Upon  a  fint  oonadeiatioii  I  am 
hf  no  m^poif  sue,  that  it  will  b« 
afteoawtnr  to  reply  officially  to  thia 
note-  of  M.  de  Chatsauhdand; 
naoe  it  in  effisct  admits  all  the 
ififftyriil  proposUioiis  of  the  note 
ta  which  It  it  ta  aniwer. 

ThaquMtioBt  fatqu^  £arwaid 
1^  Franoe  at  Veronaasa  ac^noww 
ledgped  to  have  haeo  Faen«h  que^ 
ttmuy  in  the  ionae  in  which  they 
are  in  my  note  deicrihed  to  have 
heen  anoh ;  thai  is  to  si^^  the  in* 
teiest  of  Fruuse  is  stated  in  those 
^estions  not  as  distinct  firom  the 
mtexest  of  Europe^  hut  as  moae 
imnwdiate : — and  it  is  not  deine4 
that  the  mfusal  of  his  mi^esty^e 
plenipotent^ury  to  concur  la  Uie 
dedstans  of  V^nma*  was  founded 
on  the-ooHssioa  hy  France  to  sub- 
stantiate an^  q^ecifio  gnmad  ef 
eonplunt  a§«inst  the  Spanish  go- 


la  the  subsequent  part  of  M.^ 
Chateauhnand's  note^  wink  the 
assertion  of  my  note  of  the  iMi 
instant,  that  Or^at  Bntam  had  in 
IMO  declined  antiripaling  hypo- 
thetical cases  in  which  it  mi^  he 
ivpossiUe  to  Kemain  at  peaee  with 
S^pejn^  is  ducted ;  the  only  two 
cases  which  are  cited  in  eaweption 
to  that  assertion^  are  cases  wholly 
independent  of  die  pnnc^  of  in- 
tevfawnfie  in  the  xnteaMd  eenesms 
«f  etWnataoQs. 
n  It  is  wRBRed,  that  we  admitted 
•thASusoessi^  of  war  aninst  SpiiB; 
fiiH^^jf.  Spaia  henetf^onklbe 
gwH|M)f  agyrasaion  against  other 
states,  and  seecmdly  and  apeeifically> 
if  dQi»'dMmld.  attooft  to  possess 
hfef's^if  of  PoartcCTL 

»Utii|nparienafiy,  with  ^tmmu  to 
eithas.af  those  cases.  Great  taitain 
wmldadmitj  nel  ^a^piospeitively 


aad  hypnthariiiiiljFy  andii  ta%ii% 
but  positively  and  diiecdf  u  fST' 
aay^weawhatever, that  ami* 
sLsm  against  any  of  its  asidSseis' 
would  justify  war;  and  miff* 
nession  agednst  Fevtugdl  wsm 
ui^ose .  upon  Great  £itsia  tb 
dulj  of  pioteeting  her  ally.  ' 

But  &eseadi&sk»»  l«sfe# 
queftkm  as  to4he  ri^t  oC-iM^ 
ferenoe  in  the  afiirs  of  BfUBt 
where  it  was. 

With  renpect  to  that  pert  of  M» 
de  CabatBaaMaayanotBO^kMi^ 
scribes  the  nature  of -tiie^itaiidi 
intended  to  be  mate  by  Rsan 
upon  Spain,  aad  tabes  dtdil  <r 
themedetalionof  tbev;  y^m 
cdlency  wUl  not  fiiil  ^la  abisw% 
that  our  diiimneft  with  CoM 
andtbe  dOies  thlonghoD^  ii  af 
as- to  the  wrongaaieaai  wUift'ir 
n^l^  be^lesiBalSe  ta  cM*  fi<« 
%nn,  bttt  as  to  tliefifiitettlaifli 
whidi  Franoe  and  the  alfiss  fa»^ 
pose  to  reauife  Aiem.  • 

WedMaim  fi» 


deay for  other  pewen^hthtMi^ 
of  nquuinff  any  chaigii  il  vt 
jxrtemal  iasotutieaa  of  iadtpeata^ 
stales,  with  the  inenaee  of  hdW 
attack  in  eaia  ef  rthml  A^ 
modeeation  of  sochdeaMpAi**^ 
deggeejuiliftan  in  ovr-^ym-m^f 
nodeofenfimtttbewj  end  ill* 
dislkietaon  it^t£eaMSl»iiipa«uit 
to  keep  steadily  in  view,  mA^ 
iiBfnsi  upea  <Be  i^^^«"^'|^^ 
-menty  at  a  aMneat  wImi^W  wr 
sake,  and  at  tiieir.dBab%*iH^  w 

aaajgeetiag  tot  8paia»  ^^^^f^ 
fiieiidly.wn»al,aliiiBaiiiiaiMr 

to  i&ose  wUehJKmaoaisflnfMK 
as  the  ahematrye  of  hwlflitiw  ; 
•Veur  oaeiUfln<7'  iwiB-^i*^ 
this  sease  to^,daChatsiui1aisrf 
•wHea^oo-adtoKiwMge  damf^t^ 
the  reedlpt  of  hia  officBd^ig^7 
fmn  the  geneed  twe  'oC>'t£J^ 
and  from  Uie  fnondliiiecsianMP^ 


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Ml B Lie  OOGOMUtNStS.       U4^ 


fKaiiaitf  towaidtf  tUfl  doimti^^  yoti 
il#tlI^ii^Mi  lif.  de  Chateftalirfand> 

«»  tlie  same  timer  thtt  h  Tunrrf 
wyA  deeiTT^^  th»  tieadteef  of 
tlult  pm  0f  the  note  wfakh  appeani 
to  mdkate  an  eiQ)ed»tioti  of  bo»> 
tfities  tdth  Spam.  I  am^  ftdT 
(defiled)      GsbME  Camnino. 

Class  B. — Pajrts  and  Madrid.  ' 

Na  &mJMt0  Seoetary  Canni&g  to 
«r  WiUuua  A'Coutt. 

(eitraet.)fy>reignOftce,I>ec.  8d,  18». 

Sir  Charles  Stuart  has  transmzt- 
ted'^  answer  of  ^le  Praich 
government  t6  the  oflkdal  liote 
prasBiiled  If  the  ^ke  of  WdMngu 
«oii,atFte4i.  In  thaij  answer  (of 
wUch  I  tedose  a^  ixm^),  the 
9uibA  gbTemment,  whhe  it  de^ 
<ltaea  aisoeptbg  Hhe  proffiMred  me* 
-^fttion  of  his  majesty,  on  the 
ground  that  ibete  is  no  Mp&Mt 
yolntof  dttferenoe/Ce  ^  removal 
«fr^icpisiiatfiett  of  i^iklk  medlMion 
«to  be  dMn^y^q^lkd,  mpftaim 
MvcrtfwksB  tiie  pleasiiie  wkk 
wUdi  it  views  lbs  ''amdUaloty 
^bpoBiUons'*  (^the^Stitisli  gevem. 
ttent^  and  tite  hope  wSksb  it 
"detivesfi^M  tbose  ^Hspositloni,  of 
theestadnasno^cif  peacein  Emope. 

Sir  C  SiMtt  M  the  same  dme, 
»gg«*s  to  me,  the  inslraetioBs 
-imdli  have  been  tranBrnkted  tnr 
Hi»  Ffmidk  Mteroment  to  tlMfar 

«rilttrltts>betii  wkh  mstiMsttMi. 
|[^  the-ptttpose  of  mi^f^  by 
'  Ini  ijevermnaiiC,  li  ooiiliir 


Ap^eljecit  at  VeRmn  was  to 

■  ■^^     ■  ■■•■»■■■        ■ ,  -     ,,    ,  , 

•-?  8se  No.  19,  la  Vemea  and  Virit 

.t  Pcv«^tdi  from  M.  de  Villelc  to  M. 
UtoMe,  dated  ftucfs,  December  25, 


iMluoe  us  to  nnlie  eMiraon  eattri^ 
with  aU ;  so  the  ofajeet  of  Fftmce; 
shuse  she  has  to  a  oertmn  degfee 
reMxmmdered  for  hen^  the  mea- 
sures fhuned  at  Verona,  appears  to 
be,  to  induce  us  to  concur  in  her 
separate  and  mitigated  measure. 

The  tnttli  is,  as  you  are  eware, 
tiiat  our  ebjeeeion  to  joa^g  iil 
the  measures  settled  at  Verona  was 
sn  oo||ectio(i  or  pnncipis,-  not  of 
de^;ree;  an  otjection ^ iiet  capabM' 
therefoff!  of  being  overcome  by  it 
mere  modification  of  the  enecQticIA 
of  them* 

'  IVworM  hiive  be^  idle  t^  oAsI^ 
our  mediation  to  France,  if  w^ 
basd  been  prepared  to  unite  widh 
lier  in  the  conditional  menaee  cen«> 
tidned  in  the  despatch  ^whidi  4kb 
liis  now  addressed  to  her  minlltc^ 
sit  MadtidJ'*^  menace  idflenedp^ 
haps  in  its  terms,  aid  %^  pr^Mfer 
as  to  1^  oonditiensett  which  fit 
depends  l&an  those  of  the  otiierMlfr 
liiientri  powers;  but  Mil  visithus  & 
principle,  as  at  once  deasai^ng  ef 
Spain  someAiw  to  be  done  in  the 
ammgem^t  of  h^  iftteraal'  oeii- 
oems,  dnd  denodnelD^  (miioHve^si 
comparatively  dntant  and  ebsfcwe 
a  mannw)  HiFitf'astke  eoitto^nle 
^teftttttL         ■      "    -  ^    *    ' 

in  '^isidlng  to  'M« ' de  San  In* 
gilel  upon  the  BoMeet  of  those  l»* 
Btfbctldns,  you  wiH  disckinr^^ 
'jwiBtt  ffovemment  any  partk^Mtitfn; ' 
in  ^proeeeding  ^  tiienMt 
governments  But  yon  Wm  avow 
we  deep  interest  <whkik-  tiie  Icmf, 
\mr  master,  feels  in*  the*i^ptlmons 
now  prtfvaulng'in  'Dpaht  7^  hteiMi- 
jesty's  anxious  hepitkat  tlie  Sptti-^ 
vik  sovemmenf  anf'  nillion  may 
«vmAttyeiness»  dttier  in  aeHtn 
or  in  lai^iii^';  and*  Ms  majesty's 
unabated  desi^  to  empl[qr  his. 
good  offeee,  in  wlteoverwoy  may 
be  mesr  nsefvil  to  Spahi,  to  aimt- 


H*t 


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Hm   APi^NU^I;  UBOfI$TRB«. 


t»f mocQmA  t«  all  Evropft* 

No.  8.— Sir  William  A'Court  to 
Mr.   Secretary    Canning. — Re- 
ceived January  2,  1823. 
( Extmc^)      Madrid,  Dec  U,  1823« 
}fy^  Jsy9kam  VI  awived,  ai^  has 
i^tlWarod  to.iae  your  daipa^qt  o( 
^  Qlh  ubiaio.    (  am  aaw  x««ttsi 
iadiafd  to  heUeve  that  we  sihaU 
^99»»  t^  ao  aqiifiaUe  and  ntic&o^ 
^oiiy.  tapwiaalian  <rf  opr  diicyirioBl 
ivii^  tile  SfM^uah  govemmeBt. 

My  convenation  with  M.  San 
Alwue)  thif  mocming  began  by  .his 
pui^lg  fir^pi  hia  poc^t  a  Ittjp^ 
fH^/oi  papery  with  which,  ha  saiiJi 
M  waa  goiQg  down  immediately  fe^ 
t)^  CorfteB^  with  >}ie  view  of  re* 
^^afitiM  authority  from  .thatbQ43r» 
jtp  sattia  every  question  at  i^m 
betweeQ  England  a^^dSpaio.  . 
.  "  W^  aie  sure  of  Evgiapd/'  h# 
4ViA>  ''and  lalis^  with  her  fifajkr 
^ ;  and,  w«  faof^  th^  the  C«7tw 
W^  enahW  t|8  to  ms^  her  satisfied 
with  Spain.  .  We,  oamipt  aaf^aet 
t(W(  to  i(aMe  lm»^  en  ow  adcw 
ilQiS  toi  aem  tvpopa  or  4eeta  ^  ass^ 
m,;  hilt  w9  ere  persuaded Uiat  sbf 
waiU  n^v^  asfn^  oiur  anemioij.nor 
furnish  them  with  the  niaana  of 
Hivad^ig  ^s.  It^  ia  m^veftvaif  so 
jpniA  hff  intense  to  prava^t  war 
^Meakiog  ^t  l^e^iween  ^^  an4 
.Fn^MA.  li^  it  ^  qi^t^  imnei^epB^ 
tn^A  ^  bfjp  s»edifitipn«-^Thqi:^ 
ia^oertiM^y  nothnig  to  induoa  u^  ^ 
^for  fuch^im^Bd&ation  atpsee^- 
bui  «fa  are  ai«ea>au^aciU9dad)iy 
ifmv^s  end  maaaosA  liy  sfnmM> 
anA  iti»  iitpwBibI(9  to*  wr  that  wp 
«i0r  nut  yel  Keq^^i^  ^  fiieadly 
k«iidp    Bmwe,8aanot}ai^yflli4^ 

aiatce it  neoMwy fcvu^ to ari^isvr 
nsediatiap^  noi^have  we  ^  pramt 
tm^  m/mktim  tp  soUoit^Qe^'; 
<  - 1  hvm  thqpghtitaiw«e«Mfti  iw, 
iOittpM  1(1^  you  tlya.vfffiirflnwtywfc, 


ptafcaWity  of  ourfMiyHr 

Ibait  aush  s  fl«  .Witt 
lisortiid  to^  titt  eff/Bf  Vp.^ 

Pailik  nor  in  thae«»wia>isM.w 
oandudk  oC  goaffid  ly^j.to 
make  tjua  goveraaiBBt  onpair  <£ 
avoiding  9  war  withent  our  wiH^ 
ation. 

(Indosure  in  Now  g.)— MenHwan^ 
dum  by  the  Dt^e  of  Welling- 
ton for  LordTitxroy  Someta^ 
LoadoQ,  January  ^  laSJr 

It  ii  inraortam  to  mak^  tbft  S|ii^ 
niarda  <bd>  that  akp^beiatntf 
oessaiyfoiv  die  giVveriwMit  qC  tWr 
«ountiy^  and  ai  pwtiaf  tkeir  ^9^ 
tarn,  ni  aWahlishrd  hv  iIiiiiimmIuI 
,^  follows  aaai  mafller.of  aytt) 
nei^sfii^^  tiiat  t}^e  poweps  apAimb 
ragatbres^s^gned  totheikint  wAp 
qrstems  sbouU  be  sad^««  tn^oaWr 
UmtopiP^fimi  Us  dMlie%and<int 
a^  in  reason*  a  king  iiUg^  la  ht 
sa^edwith- 

If  tha  sitaaiiaii  af  tho  king  i^ 
4Mat  wh^  it  pq^  to  box^Iiaiias 
jaot  the  power  to  mrobaei.  hin»sel& 
and  thoap  eaiplqym  vaim  bivi»  in 
tke-  nrrffninanfr  o£  tkair  dnlf  in 
thoserviaaof  tkaiBlUk:  ««1  if 
thq  kwg  baa  nq|  xeaaon  t«  W 
satiafiedi  thai^ihe  fiowavaUoMd^ 
him  l^t  the  law  ia  wi<8(rionl  Ar 
oountigr  wjU  newv  bo  in.  n.  eiaileair 
tiimtii^llity*  be  Om  ipvtan ,  tf 
gpvacwMnt  what  iltaiagr^  ^ 

Thffie  Witt  bopwyiliial  sn«ni» 
sive»  royalist  insuomtioM  Jba  4m 
pan:qf  tt^.^qfuwtry  or  thaiAlkor; 
and  tiia  Ibim  and  his 
wiU  bft  akyaots  of  nei 
jeakuflv  and  4iiatni8t. 

X^^lj^y  cpnnfxiou  bfitwom 
his  Catliolic  ntajesiy  and  the  tsif 


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■Mfr  A  pel^totual  ufrlVttiioii  Mil^i^MII 
Mte  twt^  ooUtttiieSy  so  loti^  tt  UH^ 
MAii^oM  0f  the  Mng  in  SMift  i» 
MTiltet  It  (Higlit  10  be :  ^^Uth  U 
iMVf  D6  Up^cled  ^Ivul^  $ooMt  Ot^ 
■lef^  MMfliCMk  Wttfy  taA  Ai^  iA¥A* 
4bft  ^  Ae  Weaker  MiiittT^ 
*-  TlMi^yieA^thoM6itoiik»iBi0te 
Mlif  dMlr^  the  peade  and  firelftMf 
cf  their  countiy,  ihust  look  10  an 
dveration  of  ftheir  coBsdtutiofti 
which  «haU  have  for  its  ohject>  to 
give  Uie  king  the  power  of  eze^ 
cuting  hh  office.  I  confess  that  I 
id  not  see  anr  oljeetkm  to  ihii 
alteration^  Mthe)^  In  th^  totiotMeill 
eondnct  of  tti^lin^,  or  in  th^  ap- 
^hension  that  his  Ca^Uc  ma- 
j^tfty  will  ^rtMiS0  the  power  ^tM 
amdcled  to  him.  The  king  wiU 
ilMl  the  adrahtages  of  the  poison 
in  which  he  sHaS  ftnd  himself^  and 
wttl  have  no  motive  fbr  wishing  to 
Of  erihiDw  the  system  eslablfehed^ 
fMftidilarly  if  the  titerdtion  is 
ItHMte  in  cofio^H  with  hiih ;  and, 
teoreover>  the  b^Mt  of  the  neo|^e> 
Itnd  the  i%Mi6ni  of  thMe  indivi- 
Aoals  whdhttVe  pMVented  the  exi^ 
tog  sy«eni  iron  being  overthroWft, 
WiU  piieservelhat  to  be  WtaWi^ed, 
eten  thpn^  the  kiftg  shoold  bii 
derfft^^  of  overthrowing  it,  1^  the 
«t)u#e  of  the  power  entrusted  to 
Mm. 

This  wiQ  be  the  case  parttenlar^ 
It,  if  the  propoMfd  alterationa  of 
uiie  syMMii  ijre  concerted  With  rale 
Mt^.  Ind^  no  other  mode  tf 
IfHiiitUg  WMe  alteiaiioiiif  oaii  have 
Hie  desired  effbct:  as,  if  thej  aw 
lift  ^AMl^ln  convey  i  winf  the  kmg, 
hb  Caihblk  "Majesty  "WiU  not  oms 
fSurf  carry  into  execution  Ihe 
BysHon  piopdMd ;  and,  both  king 
ahd  people  befaig  dissatisfied,  there 
wiD  tftill  be  the  same  cause*  for 


iawinai  d>nui»a<ri  mid1dt*mk 
lamal  #af  as  et^  aaiiiimu  Tkm 
4^Ae«n  with  th^l^on  thealtto. 
iriens  mu^t  "he  a  resTone :  ahd  tha 
kteg  most  be  satitfl^,  that  the  «on- 
iiAtition,  as  altered,  will  secum 
like  foundations  <ft  his  power  over 
oie  eitec^itive  g0^ifuinent>  and  wiR 
cfva  him  Ihe  nRNBM  vf  ] 
himself,  his  family^ 


NcMer  do  I  aee  aily  reason  M" 
defening  to  make  th<»se  altamtlEhis 
mUM  teeeat  tnauaetiew  of  Anr^ijfa 
lowers.  Those  transaetioasai^  ail 
^luAsssedfy  decisive.  France  pnv 
ibsea,  by  her  Atmy  ef  Otaan-Va* 
tion,  to  be  defensive ;  and  dedai»a 
tiurt  she  win  not  pass  tfie  frontier, 
eiKoepliiig  on  the  occiirfenoe  or 
eertmn  caaes.  The  alterations  of 
Ae  constitotionj  on  the  principleB 
proposed,  would  render  those  oisaa 
so  improbaliie,  as  liitte  the  oonttnu* 
aiiea  of  the  Army  of  Observatioo 
Would  be  an  useless  isxpehse;  and 
tiiere  is  no  doubt  that  it  woidd  be 
ittmediately  withdrawn. 

Then,  another  advantage  whidi 
would  result  from  this  futenrlkili 
in  aid  of  internal  tranquillity  ia, 
AiLt  Prance  woul^  inost  prdbably 
immediately  adopt  sOlne  efficient 
measure  to  prev^t  the  assembly 
of  the  foyalists  within  the  French 
f!N)ntier.  AQ  Spaniards  who  pa»i 
the  ftDhtier,  m^ght  be  ordered  lb 
reside  at  (nich  a  ostante  froih  th^ 
frontier,  as  to  render  their  iti- 
tHgtKs  or  th^i^  opentions  wHhIa 
the  Spanish  firantier  nearly  iMpottS- 
YAe*  mid  tlms'fhe  flsyhim  given  la 
Prance  to  pertohs  0i  tids  dMcripi- 
tkrh,  would  Mt  bd  incoilsi^l^lfl 
IVifli  th)e  peace  «ftd  ITanquilHrf  4i 


Btft  ^tAs  ii  6ot  all*  The  8|MUi* 
idrds  mMtaee,  that  all  th6  Mnoesdf 
fSkt  prosperiiy  of  their  ^Jottfttf^  art 
nearly  destroyed;    and  Uttl  tiM^ 


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H8«     ANNUAL   RBGISTEJt,  I8B8- 


of  aidil 
•ad  govcfumeat  afe  in  a  atele  of 
ndc.  TkereianotiadeyiiopriTiile 
«r  pablio  reremie:  tiie  iMmld 
propert]^  cannot  be  ioU :  the  inta'- 
)M  of  tlie  nelaoMl  debl  cumot  be 
-'paid;  nor  can  tiHramy^  «r  inyof 
thepufalie  emWBls  er'eftabluii- 

xotfeed*  . 

*  I  happen  to  know  that  the  prin- 
dMd  nKwied  pmpfe  in  £«fope> 
win  not  lend  iwir  nonef  to  Spam; 
lUl  thejr  dttll  aeeai^wtem  pMvail 
In  that  country,  which  diall  affind 
tome  hope  of  the  re-fataMiBhimrat 
and  permaaenee  of  peaee  and  good 


'  IfaUlUabetnie— ifitbetroe, 
berides»  tittt  the  best  ehanee  that 
Spain  has  of  coming  to  some  ai«- 
lanfftaiettt  i»4th  her  ootoniflB,  ia  to 
be  Mmd  in  some  aatlleaKat  of  her 
•  iatenud  diiaensons  and  distrae- 
tions,  it  is  intpossiUe  that  any  rea- 
sonable Spaniaxd  can  doubt  that 
the  time  is  come  ^  to  efiect  those  si-* 
terations  wUch  the  eommon  sense 
of  nuaddnd  points  out  to  be  tie* 


No.  10. — ^Mr.  Secretary  Canning 
to  Sir  W.  A'Court 
PoreiaD  Ofike,  Jnuary  $»  tSS8, 
Sir  h^This  deraatch  will  be  da- 
Uvmed  to  you  by  Wd  Fitsroy  So* 
merset^  vriio  has  die  goodness,  to 
nndeitake  n  journ^  to  Madrid 
(without  any  offioial  chanoter)^  in 
the  hope  of  being  usefol  to  voii  in 
the  very  difficult  and  oompiseated 
state  of  your  ptesent  n^oriatiens^ 
thtoQg^  his  ae^mnitance  wilii 
some  of  the  prominent  <rhanirtMySj 
ssBonil  maUtaiy  and  other  puUio 
men,  in  l^iain;  and  duoo|^  the 
knowledge  wWch  he  posaesses,  and 
la  known  to  possaas^  of  the  vieiwa 
and  opunoiiB  of  |hia  duke  of  Wei* 


Thifir  nwf  hs  ihnsr  wmm 
kadens  of  Um  Gortei^  or  m 
fioaaof  thenmi 
iriio  woold  listen  to  tioiflj 
aala»  coniag  fmttamaB.Ao 
8|MBniB  so  decplf  mnehlBsk 
dulK  of  Wellu^^  mii  tft 
ker-  wdUaiB.  i»  natyaBy 
fnun  the  very  asrvii 
haahad  th^i^of 
harv  thongh  thoy  mji^  tesaa 
deaf  ear  toany  otfier  sugnatsi 

The  object  of  Enajs^  ia, 
preserve  the  peace^  of  whidi 
exertions  have  prevented  liie  j 
mediate  interruptiai*  '  Bat  ii 
mxKh  to  be  feared  $hat  peaoe« 
net  be  paea^nred^if  thinsM* 
in  their  pveaentjtat^  haw  ait  I 
dridaad  on  die  fiMUisr'af 

France  can  hardly  ba^ 
towididraw  bar  anogr  4|f 
tion>  without  seme  asausaniMi  A 
Spain,  whsdi  she  may  fhJL  an 
tisfiustory.  We  adc  no  a  ~ 
susanoes  £9r  ooiadves^aiid 
sex  nopenak^  to 
^withholding  dMB:  but  it 
eoaUe  us  to  do  modi*  that  m 
aanmincos  shoald  vduniaiSy' 
given  tons;  andperhanst' 
be%givett  ieas  lelsctan^ 
the  confidential  Msodef  th* 
of  WeUington,  than  diMdfy 
yoondf,  evmi  if  yon  were  wU 
vised  officially  ao  noeiwa  tim 
The  intsrvalM  pnciMB»«ni<e 
hapedthat  itm^  notba 


ha 
to 

a 


is 


I  inclose  to  yea  •  leopy  oCn  1 
tar*  which  I  addresa  tpM 
aoy  aeiessety  and  cf  a 
dittd  with  wUoh  he 
diedoheefWiiningSsur 

YoawiU  MedwtlifriBio 
auk  yamr  jod^meat  at  aa  tei 
sians  on  wfaaoh, 
dnak  widi  whoin,  is  Mw.h*^ 


I|WW 


•n^, 


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KUAXJC  ^OCVUiRU^S.      -iM* 


«iii.  thst  the  i«ii|ilh 
lii  tht  tiiwninf  lu&Sft- 

(SgaeA)     GaMMs  Camxim. 
•«i     ...  .  lO^ 

.'M0uMi#.i...Sir  WflUmA'GottKt-to 
^    Ms.  Secrataij  Cuaaag.^^Ba- 

<ExtiBct)     Madrid,  Decern.  36;  1822. 

'  I  mm-  M.  ^  San  Migu^  h;mo 
tluf  mornings  who  coatiatiea  to 
';iiir|teflBiBe£tkBdlj  tonees 

Itit   Cfll&BBDOC^    fod 

JMVcetcd  his  nmtinijinii  duit  evmr 
.liMiig  yiififliflig  our  deiisi*  .«bo«]d 
utei  emu^pBd  to  .4mr  .eii^  aetii- 
ii«  piondod  theCkirtipignntecL 
I  IhjTT  famltict  he  iVrwup^odi'  ■  ■ 
.Zb^  I  ttoatvill  b9  don^ 

Jb  the  oDinse  of  thig  ttonfereaoe 

.M^.de.Sea  Miguel  adid,  thelbe 

fii^f  imdentDod  ourpoAtioB^  md 

^Ms  'fitieadly  ittftmtiQas   towMBds 

.iSgiiy;^  whioh  eraw  indeed  ficDm  a 

r.eoovMtian  oC  eur  <mii  inftaroefci. 

M'  never  eould  tallj  vith  £b|^ 

•gflik^:  tbit  .Fnii^'ihoidd  he  in 

jdisUteiy  occupation  pf  %iain. 

«     Heathen  adiledyllw^  from  every 

•  «e|Kat  ,wh]£h  had  lately  xeaclied 

,  jHOttf  he  did  not  hdietre  that  aogr 

^eierwiaJtUkelytotake^eee.    The 

i£m^)e»^wea  o«er,  and  thegppat 

contmestejl  aoyexeiips  had  retaiad 

^te  ih^-  le^iectiTe  ilatei^  Imvinff 

r#ii^4um  to  France:  andhehad 

ipMinii  .ta  heUete  that.Famee  feat 

l(p;>'»><aieens  in  thoee  decided^ 

liettile  intcettioM  whick  there  had 

r^nde  iheap  >t  a  ion  toepprebeiuL 

'V  With  PMpeot  tov  tltt  poevhiliigr 

^ma^  iatute  floUcitatiaB  of.  BA- 

4i^iiaedni|iaiwhe8«fenii^iiedc»- 

ataad  tiiatit  waa  a  i|uaetien  <^  ao 


■a  dfliiriahiifi  v|Ni 
tiial^  wiihedi  ^ pmenib  toai^ 
jiuNMEitbeaulject.  I£evir 
aveh  .ft^Hflwritarien  took  plaee^  at 
irteuU  he  deee  in  thenvwli, 
Jeank.  and  mreaecved  manner*  1 
endBcial  wpMph  AiK»me9$,  wh 
jlMRild.  leave  no  dwibtuim  Jbe 
mind  of  one  pavty^aa.te  theio- 
tantiens  of  the  other. 

-  I  dudlibav  no  in£9venee»  from 
tUa  eonveraatioiv.  but  argue  ubph 
dw.^rahakilttj  or  non^prohabililgr 

«of  ear  oediatkm  being  soliQitoi; 
iMB  jm,M»  wiU  be  mif^  batMr 
idileiQ  ^idffa  eeiractlbr  of.  thia-mal- 
.|«r,  frnmHAe  oornawniratieBfi  jyti 
reoeiire  of  what  is  paving  in  like 
caUnat  of  the  Tuilladet,  This 
despeldi  will  he  forwapoded  by  « 
.Spanish  meewaygar, .  who  leaves 
.Midrid  ftr  liOndoa*  eilber  this 
evemger  lOHHmvvv  liiqrning* 

'No.  IS.-^Mr.'^Sccretafy  Cttur^ 

-  to  Sir^WilBain  ATourt.  * 

.  (Eztnct)  Foseign  Office*  Jan.  1 1, 1823. 
I  weS'ahout  to  send  this  mes* 
aeuMT  to  you  the  day  Jiefore  ycr 
ter&y«  with  my  despatch  of  ,th<|t 
date*  when  your's  by  the  Spanish 

.  messenger  arrired* 

Its  contonle,  though  not  eon- 
dusire^  are  highly  inanestiiig;  and 

^d  the  bopes  wUeh  you  hdd  out* 

.witii  respect  to  the  settlement  ef 
our  claims  are  realised*  you  will 
hum  repd^ied  e  great  eenriee  to 

'yQiiraooQitry«  • 

You  have  judged 'quite  Axveellgr 
IB  nat'preBSUMrChe  mediation^ef 
faia  »a|eaty.    The  ra&sal  al  the 

.  French 'gcwremmept  puts  av^  £9r- 
ipel  cBernas  of  it  now  out  of  the 
ywrtimi  BnW  substantiaUy*  owr 
good.eftoea  ai^  de-ett  that  the 
awst  aegululy  aeoeptad  mediatiop 
eeiddhi^eaone^ 

TheptedtiDn^  in  which  the  Spa- 
nish   end   .Fwncb    govemm(M»|t 


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nm   ANNUAL    BBQi:SVEll^  UB. 


IVit*  Bwy  daf  bviagt  liWi  il 
<i»lMUMidof  an  iidir^tj  iiihag 
Am  of  peMt  on  tW  ftoodiefa  f  Mii 
Ihet  amW  tuA  iiifoctka  lai^ 
fOnfiNiai  ail  «ir  ko|ii»  aad  •»- 
iaaw)«»k  TillFkwiotiiMlliiiAh> 
dmiv  bv  Anoy  «f 
-Ibaw  k  nt  aecoaly 
hasttds.  FniiMCMuiotwitiKbMr 
4wr  tmuf  (it  kftfarloajbiit)  w&tk- 
<Mt  aosM  4BIIM  te  aaiigii  fbv  ~ 
#0^  Tke/onlyciiMtobe 
vaui0tbMQOioMtiift»tivyi 
99omelbiomSpeiau  S^gmmma^ke 
wliMHit  to  fliytaiiokMMVMowfto 
PiBMe^  tuMW  the  afpatent  ni- 
AienceafAmeQMA.  Biridietiuqr 
confide  them  to  tm,  wbo  neldier 
ireijuire  thetai^  nor  tbt^ten  any 
'  MiDaac[iieiice  of  with-hoiding  theaai* 
If  Spain  hat  sne6  against  Fxatiee^ 
ahd  mkf,  in  uamaiitter,  confide  to 
.ua  th&  atatodent  of  t^eBi«  aa  an 
induoemfiat  to  Fxwioe  to  be  aatia- 
fied  with  leaf  oonoeiaion. 

Sudi  ia  the  summary  of  die  pre- 

aettt  state  of  tiungi^    oil  yrtoA 

'depends  Uie  feaif ul  abendttve  of 

peaeeorwar.    We  eamettfy  denre 

^tho former;  not  only  Ibreuv  own 

interest,  as  M.  de  Sa*  Miguel  aog- 

^  gaat%  but  ibr  the  larnr  hitereats 

of  Emepe  (tboae  of  Spain  heradf 

indnded),  in  whkh  nlt&nat^,  if 

not  iaimediatefy,  enrown  no  mibt 

nay  be  isTolvol 

We  wish  fiv*paaoe>  theiemffe, 
in  Bmape:  bat  peaee  for  ottraetfts 
we  are  detemine^  nt  iflefants, 
'toftaser*^;  anldKiridoiH'dffitfta 
to  maintain  k  betweeik  Fkiaee  nnd 
Spain  ftove  aborliTe,  we  aball 
ha^ethe  eonsc^tion  to  bttte^t^ 
diar«ed  the  d^ty  towards  boA,  of 
s  ^thfiil  and  gAiteiasted  Jif; 
and  abdl  velim  tHanaaftttb  wMla 
the  limita  of  a  atrieCneutMlity. 

Thia  last  topie  yon  eainoi  state 
-too  deadjr^  nor  pvaas  taoatnmgly 


«ot  wanlni^diMe  whoi 
ariindi  wei 


4nasiM&  i  iHPar  ttaoRuagto k 
the  most  decinre  nmnner  aona  0^ 
lensn  indicniknia  of  «  wUi  aal 
4iope«f  ^  kM,  in  thoSpaaiA 
inf " 


No.  I4_Sir  \f^Ilxani  A'Cooitt^ 
Mr.  Secretary  Cai^iin^^BA- 
,  ceivedJa^.  20. 


Sir  ^^-^xmgbafbre^aa  imptfA 
cm  reaeh  yott>  Hie  final  ^fetenrf- 
nalioii  of  the  oMneto  of  Amldi» 
RuBki%  and  Prussia,  aa  weQ  p 
tibat  of  Ae  cabinet  #fAe  Taliiiiii 
wUl  bMr»  lefk  Htdn  ioobt  an  ]^ 
mind  as  to  the  ptobabia  iMie  m 
fno  nagoiumona  jji  ■e^m^^^ 
they  may  be  aaUed)  tfndiital*i 
with  Hie  covernmeirt  nere* 

It  is  ftcrelbfo  umeeeMDy  vk 
mo  to  do  moM  tibto  gite  %  <^ 
oinot  statepsent  of  events  *  J5I 
eapitak  Iran  the  period  ef  ^ 
srrival  tothe  noment  of  wr«^ 
thisdespatck  " 

The  FVeneh  n^niatory  as«^ 
hate  been  foreseen,  had  tiiaii^ 
of  his  oiAeagues,  hnvdngm^ 
ys  leHen  twioor  thfeettrfsMW 

Aan  they  tetei^ed  HmM  df» 
mado  tttoof  1kia«ine  to  gKv^ 

fofiuiabio  rmpfession  of  ^^ 
tontiona  of  Ms  goioinmwtf/T 
'  iwiiughisattf  nifeitappeiiwta^*^ 

baendmcted  by  his  nistniei>0^ 
and  he  had  akead|t  pie^tf»*J^ 
Spanish  g«tommetti  Aami^ 
understand  Hio  posilistt  ^^ 

•  Ftnnse  had  nhoed  heisdM^ 
■aaspo  any  *innuatwn  •*■      * 

*|afvni   by  tno  laiiiosijiiii*'*^  # 

He  -k-  ■■■■•  ■■ » — « • 


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:BWJKL1C  DOaU]i£lST&  .    «!♦» 


The%BdA  gtrnmummt,  Ant 
•tt  €afiiifHstivel^  at  tsie  witii 
fMt  to  FMne,  and  fOR  ei  Hb^ 
of  fin^ancl,  «mM  noi 
"  tofajwf  TWfgMil 
tptke^agoe  wigfuathiM 
«t)d»ee  diatart-TOfmra,  coucWL 
WK  baifsage  irei^r  ftr  ftQm  mift. 
■JHiiiiij,  Iwtaad  titaa  of  ao)" 
flkttauMiatiOQ  Imdup  C9U0Diftoa«  4ir 
ay  point  bdng  yielded  die  tone 
'«dDpted  hf  the  SpaniBb  govam^ 
anent  Im  beoA  that  of  conadoM 
maatkf.  No  written  antwar  to 
Vm  levdnl  cornnwmicationa  haa 
WMl'  Inen  g^^pvn;  iMrt  it  baa 
been  foosriaed:  and  tkem  ia  e««By 
..caaaHi  to  nmaaa  tlMt,  vAtm  it 
-mAmB,  it  wiEbe  fbod  to  bo  in 
I  ^Niftig  would 
i;  and^attlioda- 
»of  tito  Aofirian^  Rttnia&^ 
ondPnuann  icpioauuuicivaa  nMHt 
tnaaaiwiiljr  IbDow.  The  Fieaah 
miinniir  ailll  iwimin 

I  nuiat  do  ^m  flponldi  nNavn- 
4oettt  iba  jvatioe  4o  avf,  ttiat,  to 
4k>  aa  I  can  pewiiwt,  it  baa  net 
-oMOniBd  Mtcf  knpaopfr  Twannwr,  mr 
4iMiimad  waif  aaiiaoidbiaay  pw- 
mmptiaii  upon  the  paMeatoocaiion. 
(M.  da^tan  MigQel,  indeed,  in  his 
wkb  me^  abioo  the 
otf  the 

bat  apaHgon  n  8  tone  of 


•*ba]#'Oiiti»aab'gre«tcr  bapaa  4or 
lAo^Aitcre^.^aoi  bo-eaeO 
i^oronaoMB  •bafDfo>— be 


wbanever  tbe  iiiinilry 
i  bo  Tcljeoad  Iran  tbo  ibinpi' 
'Or  fonign intanannoek 

aationa  mode  hiM  «at  yt^  been 

^aHOnentljr'^tigMad  li(f  tbrfOUic, 

1  *toaUowjwtofpeab  with  any  eer- 

•Of   «ba^  


Vfm  libe-  wbiby  boi#eil«r;  f '4» 
not  olaaifa  uny  vaiy  gBMt  eflbrvia* 
BM^  do  I,  as  yet,  see  anf 
toftnr  that  any  pcrtonaliBP- 
anikiwiil  be^ftn^  to  thettpi» 
aenlathwo  of  tbooHied  soreia^Pii. 
jnietown  lemolna  uaiieioy  tiaia 
ipdL  Iba^dme,  imdabaOeoft. 
4btao  to  do,  eoBiv  tidng  in  nMr 
fowao  to^dlay  tiio  krHntioQ  wbaA 
anay  onit^  and  to  prevoM  'Ibe 
iriloplimi  of  oMant  iucanneii  anie 
fiiiitidi|  ond  nadiiil  ftatinffupali 
wUUtk  M.  Saa  Mignel  and  1  war 
otttdy  onbesnoiMipetbatniyei^ 
daanunia  will  not  be  entMy  nao- 
km.  I  hme  tbo  honour  to  be^  die. 
(Slgiiad)    WwLUw  A'Gomot. 

No.  15.— Sir  William  A'Court  to 
Mr.  Secretary  Canning.  —  R^ 
ceived  Jan.  20. 

Sir;*^Tfae  damidMa  reoeifod 
-and'OammunMatea  to  Ada  govera^ 
•nenty  by  tbe  npmeBtotiwsa  of  Ae 

thiee  continental  po\itexay  weic 
yMtefdny  pMtebted  and  feiid  to 

tiwOoftei,  by  M.  do  fian  Miguel, 
in  a  paUie  titlkiff.     Ho  et  tbe 

■me  tinM  .read  «ie  mmm$P  ifil- 

droiaid  to  tbo  Spouib^  n^nkMovt 

PoriaylMt  pioviouil^eottBntmlealed 
•to  M .  LagMtde;'  ami  thojtipttrtwi 

addnand  to  tbe  Spanbb  nepo»- 
'oantolhvo  at  tbe  eooaco  (tf 'Auacria, 

linsk^  and  Pruaiia,  bi  aniwoe  to 

powetOTOiidingbaie.  ^   -•' 

Tbo  aiifwai  to  tbe-gfendi  die- 
pateb  etoMdnt  imMm  Ant  aan 
bedoBBiedcttniiTe.  Tbeanowett 
to  An  odien  Witt  piobabfy  bo  edn. 
'ttdoped  in'  ibnt  ligbt*  1  indoor  o 
*gBicets  eomabAagalllfcoiotasi;^ 


poAora  of  tbe  tseuritff  triB  piioeat 
,  Th9^Qom§  wM\M^Ar »  gieot 


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I2S*    ANNUAL  R£X?ISJrR]i,*Iie3. 


ideglfee  of  tflM 
II.  M.  Afgoeues  aad  Gdumo  int- 
iMdurtely  nurredthatiio4i8ettniflfi 
.dKNiU  be  eirtend  into  ht  the 
jnomeDly  but  the  wImIs  be  t»- 
femd  to  the  foreign  committee; 
.elleyiig>tht  acertemtimeahoiiid 
'begiren  for  paidao  to  ttbnde^-^t 
beras  hi^y  demmhfe  diet  the 
•menmen  ahoidd  oome  to.  the  dis- 
•eu88iDiLof.iograTeft8ii]^|e6ty  with 
thit  temper  and  deoonun  beooming 
the  Spuiidi  cheiaeter  and  netaott. 
The  papers  were  omueqaently  re- 
forred  toidie  oommittee  for  foireimi 

the  eommittee  waa  alio  instroeted 
.totprepare  anaddien^  to  bepnMnted 
by  tiieCortet>  to  die  long,  {dodging 
the  nation  to  r^ect  all  oompromiae 
with  foreign  powers^  imbeoommg 
the  digni^  of  their  country ;  and 
•expreauig  their  determination  to 
die^  if  neoenaiy^  in  defonoe  of  tb& 
constitutiDnal  thronei  The  oon^ 
ttittee  wai  oidcitd  to  report  in' 
foffty-cigfat  hotna. 

As  it  was  not  yery  generally 
known  that  these  doeimicatt  weie 
tobepiddidy  ready  the  boose  was 
by  n»  means  fiilL  The  gallctisB 
*were  diq[M)6ed  to  beftMt^  rietooB, 
^nonting  tiieir  constitutional  ardour 
inrepoited  cheers,  and  a  fowilk 
supported  cries  of  ''Death  to  aU 
Tyrants,  &e.  Sec*"  V^om  ihe 
•wbeie,  bowews  the  sitting  may . 
be  said  to. have  passed  over  wilfa 
mifir  and  tranquility. 

I  cannot  biup  thiiddng,  that 
-aame  ef  the  moderatian  eo&hited, 
ttay  be  due 't^  the  ks^^nai^  wUsh 
I  bttve  uniformly  beld«  as  w«li  to 
AL  de  San  Mi^uel»  as  to  othem 
who  baTS  f  nnsidf tablii  ■  infloeace* 
I  certain^  poBvailed  in 
patnpoala  foom  being  sent, 
ta  the  Aaee  siMSgk  d'affinies,  as 
was  atfirstintended.  Thiaispcv- 
baps  not.  gaiiting  nuioh>^  as-  diey 


wffl  be  iwiahMiftily  np|iM  tety 
them;  biit  still  it  prmnts%kt 
mttht  bflisaftrir  bd-dsortruediiilo 
mSedk  WBomd  of  ofienB^SBdit 
part  of  Smgavemnent. 

Not  to  lesEte  aaiy  kneaMSBMi^ 
tried  for  tbefRserratimfll  fam, 
I  Imm  also  opened  myaeM^k*^ 
most  uniusiijfed  msmncvi'to'tas 
JPMnch  miMiter,  cffetiBg  tasa- 
opeiato  wi^  bkn  by  e?  ary  assai 
in  n^power  for  that  first  efuhfiM 
Tin  ^nthin  dieae  few  days,  te^ 
peered  to  be  as  ansdooB  asn^Mf 
rto  prevent  thwigs  £com  cobbo^A 
-ektaemitieB ;  but  since  thastMri 
«f:die  last  oouiisr  firban  Bm'^ 
-haw  dbmtwed  a  WktesmmA 
•tdnoi  which  I  cannot  hot  attiirtfe 
tofteshinslractifins.  Heidfionari 
me  yesterday  that  It  wobM  he  *^ 
•^loanble  for  faiBft  after  tiie  depsftiB 

of  bis  tiiree  inilksyws,  to  dlMr 
the  sH^test  oflfenoe  or  insohwff 
pasa^nthout  laamediaMly  ^0w- 

sng  bis  paaij^orts.    The  ] 
upon  bis  nund  no« 
tha^awarisinevkaUv. 

If  the  French  gmftnmto^  m 
detemmed  on  mm,  it  will  ««- 
tainly  be  iaqxMsible  for  ustofM- 
fwrt  it  front  taking  pl«»f^* 
baTe  very  strong  reaaan  t»  bdi^ 
that  I  shall  reoei^  Croat  m 
Spanisb  goi^enmsent,' withi»fe9- 
e^ibt  hours,  an  ap^kationfor^ 
gmdoffiaes  (thoui^  I  foavw)^*^ 
cnr  mediMum} ;  Sod^lwrnaOiM 
bope^  tint,  if  tbis' be-die'CB«^ 
wSi  me  a  fossh  a^paot  to  «»*' 
If  sudli  an  inmliealioii  *««*'* 
I  dalliQMSl  Mr.  jAd^am  te  ^H 
cff  Willi  itnonediatdy  forAiPig; 
bnt  I  cannot  aastare  yoo  juliliwj 
that  it  wiUbemadey4iUib(tfw 
imlicBtioD  in  my  bands,  'i***^ 
the  bodeoir  to  be^  &o*  ■ 

(SigMi)    WuMUM  A'CoeM^ 


l»te 


(Zn«l)layoB<«f  la^oMM^iB 


tk 


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PUBLIC  DOCUMEWTS.^      !«$♦ 


air;*-Uiidar  due  of  the  9lii 
itut  an  dAcU  copf  of  the  kHe 

MMrtBtfrf€»  of  Fiiao^  Aiiiliia» 
Xnnria  apt  Baun  a*  dittcouxi^ 
l»?!t  Blade  ii>  the  SpmBflh  goMinH 
neit^  ]^  ofder  of  Acir  reqpeciive 
90B<iier  with  ^  i 
to  tilea[^  waslbnMxdedto 
^  JnWtf  hia  ntQtBtf&  mmiater 
pleiiipeteBtiar3r  in  London.  At 
mD9  Mone  lime  oiden  were  fpcwm 
ito  Ae  afireaaid  midster,  to  vMLtbe 
"whole  of :  this  oorooiponieooe  to  kis 
Bhtanttio  majesty's  seoietaiy  of 
fltale  tor  ieitaga  afiahrs,  aMi  to  de- 
*dare>to  him,  that  the  yrinaptm 
aBad-fleaolatioins  of  the  Sfamsh  go- 
'VsnoMAtwoiiianivar^ffiBr  hom 
tihtm  coomgmA  in  tiiese   ibcir* 


r 


His  Catholk  msjest/s  govsA- 
meat  mil,  cOnseqaoidf,  hare  bat 
littk  to  add  in  Ittie  note  whioh  I 
hare^now  ^  honour  to  jMUbeas  to 
|Fbu^  h^xeyal  order^  together  with 
Ae  inoksed  gaaette;  whidroon^ 
4iMis  aa  ofieU  and  antiieaitic  eo^r 
irf  the  eommwiicalioiis  in  qneslmi, 
whieh  are  aotferwaxdadtoyottllor 
want  of  tirae# 

-  ,Yettyiir^  who  have  been  an  eyc^ 
witmftof  theerents  which  have 
MBuned  in  tliis  osfilal  dming  the 
bit  thaee  months,  and  of  the  Boane 
^hiih  it.has  pzesented  dntmi^  the 
ImI  three  di^^  ean  intern  foar 
jarreamnanfe  belter  than  aaj  oofc 
«lse»  of- the  firm  deteemimttion  of 
att  Spain  to  defend  her  natbnal  in^ 
Aspendanee  at  all  hasards,  ant 
ne^er  4i>  admowledga  a  ri|^t  of  iap 
^sKfMtum  on  the  part-  of  any 
foreign  poweiv  The,|ustie»of  the 
mi$s»  of  the  oatiott  issoebvkmsy 
and  its  sia^  to  be  indqwndent  mp 
sfcred  aaa  impisosciipliUc^  that  his 


BM^aMy^  gomoBMi^  wmU  tfifads 
itanaftont  tayoor judgment,  sir» 
todwellanyloagcg  upon  this  pninl 

Any  damct,  wUoh  the  present 
eonstitutaBn  of  Spahi  mi^  hai% 
oogk^  to  be  diSKMreMd  aad'remer  < 
died,  fieely  and  npontaneouily,  by 
the  nation  iftnlf.  The  eoKtvasy 
wouU>  tend  to  establish  a  ri^bfr^ 
the  most  teirible  sod  insuppratable 
The  l^paaiaxds  aie,  at 
pment,  idemi&Bd  with  the  eonsti- 
lotion  nrooHikated  in  ISISL-^ 
TheyiaU  faehoU  in  their  meaent 
matoHtdi  Don  FeraanAo  the7A» 
the  saiorod  and  inviolaUe  penon  of 
Aeir  eonstitutisnal  king;  and  it 
cannot  be  ooaoeabd  fimm  7oa>  sift 
that  this  xtifeot  professed  to  the 
Idaji^  isextended  taallthemeu- 
bers  of  his  royal  funily.  • 

-  Spain,  nnvscyinff  in  her  prin- 
dpioB,  awaito  ealm^,  the  result  of 
ths  anaweifc  irhich  hare  been  givan 
to  die  eomauraicatioas  of  the  fomr 
great  oontineutid  powers ;  but*  die 
flatters  herself,  howvfer,  dmt  bhwd 
w^not  be  died  in  Etirape,  for 
^pwstions  so  evident  in  thiainelsw; 
nad  that  France  will  lay  ando  bar 
^rslem of  precaution,  as-she  ci& 
it  fm  HmmndomiUma^de  pjnnai 
eitMi>,  whieh,  without  being  of  the 
sBghtest  tttiM^  to  ber,  is  tte 
aoomeof  senun^  evils  to  Spain*  > 

To  £ng^d,  who -has  ti^en 
-in  the  oonteenosa  at  Vcwna^  so 
laiair WHS  iind  padfie n liae^  itnsw 
belongs  to  csown  the:  week ;  and 
to  pmant  an  effindra  ef  blood, 
whieii  can  be  puuduetire  ofno  peo^ 
aihle  advaBtane  to  the  intei^  of 
any  nation. ,  To  £iiglattd»  too,  b»- 
io^gfr  dia*  tade  oT  mafcing  the 
peteeivo  the 
it  is  commiltB^  in 
and 
^hadi  only  pvodne 
suits  to  those,  which  it 
salf*to,4iaTeintvisw.  ^  , 


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124>    AMKXJAX   K^DlSrfiH,  1«S3. 


thi  ttdMeifoe  of  itt  Artay  flf 
OwcfVftlibii  on  W6  i^fflRiMQS)  tfnS 

MTcents,  are  entirely  incompatible 
#i&  that  tfanqnillity,  which  this 
Ihiench  p>vefuixi6&t  says  it  wniiet 
^Hun  to  enjoy. 

1^8  Catholic  nu^esty^s  ^ovein* 
ment  hopes  tiiat  this  ntal  contra^ 
fiction  will  at  lengdi  ^imppunrt 
«-«nd^  in  attaining  this  object^  it 
ftels  that  it  can  no  ¥rhere  lock  for 
more  eroctnal  MttStanee^  than  ftom 
Ihe  oAinet  of  Great  Britain^  the 
^duftcifB  of  whoie  unnonoe  to  lidfl 
€ff^>  wQl  not^  it  trusty  be  denied* 

I  beg,  sir^  that  yon  wiH  be 
]^iea96d  to  lay  befofo  yonf  govetn* 
teent^  the  communication  Which  I 
hare  now  the  honour  of  maldng  to 
you,  and  I  emlnrace  lldt  oppbrtU'^ 
nity  of  renewing  to  you  the  assur- 
ances^ &c.  &c. 
(Signed)  EVARiSFTO  Sav  Mtotmu 

No.  17«-*-Mr.  Seccetaiy  Canning 
to  Sir  Charlea  StuavU 


Fare Iflrn  (MtCf  January  94^ 
'  j%r;-^l  encloie  to  your  exeeK 
tettcy  ft  dtfpy  of  a  note  [See  In* 
4de«ure  in  No.  151,  which  M*  da 
•flkm  Miguel,  the  l^panirii  seorataiy 
^  state,  addzesied  to  sir  WHMam 
AX3oiirt  on  the  19th  instant,  and 
requested  Mm  to  trammit  to  hk 
govMnaMnt* 

The  objeat  of  tidi  note  is,  ai 
ytfftt  fcmSMiiflcy  iaas^  tiKcMMWiisi 
^ood  dflees  of  his  iwiijiiiy^s  g^ 
^emment  with  France,  ftr  t\^ 
punioR.  or  ayei'UBg  uosiininii 

It  is  needless  to  repeat  to  ye«i» 
excellency,  how  amdoudy  liiekinf, 
our  n!aster>  deprecate  a  war  be^ 
twee  II  twt>' power  IS  wliose  oidliyhin 
ttutft  so  de<!|^y  ftflbi^  t^  general 
iAuMfeiiBity  of  6wo|ie ;  or  hoW 
coufloently  his  nrisfeHty  infeiti  nwtt 
toe  wftiire  for  pMo^,  so  rcpeatedfy 
cxpressod  vy  hii  most  €%fisuan 


MB^oslj  s  go¥e^HneMf , 
on  their  part  to  WPftfi  niaMshNirf 
every  opening  for  vEfjOsnnent  sua 
ibtplanation  with  Spain*  * 

i  haiSre  tliCMiford  reoexved  Ml 
mft|catyv  cornmahmi  to  utfwt^fw 
to  revest  an  nudienee  df  M>  dl 
Chaieaubtiaiid/  in  isoon  M  tass  ni^ 
pnteh  lOiall  readi  yotf;  to  Milft 
Idm  M.  de  iSan  mgai»%  note  \  iitf 
to  intotn  him,  thnt  Mr.  JdAWi 
(whowasthebCMref  of  ^  WfflM 
A'Comrf  s  laft  d«spAtehes!»  t^^ 
Wnom  thisde^Hiien  wfflbe  dntCfm 
to  you),  will  widt  at  Fsr)i(  *lrlli» 
result  of  ^  ddiberations  df  Mf 
most  Chxfsdan  majesiy^s  xsUbM 
upon  M.  de  San  M^oeFs  ftolfi  J 
flwler  to  convey  to  *r  WBHfci 
A'Court  your  exodlency^  rtpcttrf 
liiat  raanlt.  ' ' 

In  yonr  oonversntion  wiilt  H 
cle  C^atesohrimid,  yottr  exeentt^f 
is  not  to  over-rate  Uie  value  of  ^ 
concessions,  implied,  nAsfsi  Osn 
distinctly  cxproaiBd,  indieliMetf 
M.  de  9an  Mignid  ,*  nor  to  icp^ 
lent  it  as  completely  asfitiftcM^i 
and  as  leaving  nothing  td  twdl^ 
sired  I — but  it  is  just  and  rw*^ 
Ale,  M  the  tame  time,  to  ^aailtf 
llhe  eimimstanoes  under  whiA  ft 
was  written* 

Assuredly  the  xoxn^  eoli|hlrt« 
pitrt  of  ^^  goVMument,  or  <»  «• 
Cortes,  of  Spahf,  does  ndtbcB^ 
l8ke  'Spmtish  ooMHitutlon  <n  ^^1 
tobe,  in  aU  its pwts,  nwA^^I^ 
jwrmmefltly  pfseffcaMi^  *f^^^ 
iSkef^  ^flost  im|ierf<9ctidfts  m  ^ 
ftlmie  of  tHe  government  dfWiW 

*  of  Eng^ind  i«pectively,  jW* 
we  ^ftmsent  to  reform' thbs^jB^ 
ftutions,  on  Ae  demand  ofaWW 
power,  and  ui^er  the  menace  Wj 
fereign  w«r  asthe  penrfty  «#  ** 
relusa!?  " 

Even  by  Ae  iMie  In  whi*w 
dtoHind  waff^tedeby  '^^^i^^^^jSS 
j^art  ef  tiM  PiMtiwh  gOfeitfo^* 


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FUOiLIjC  UQCJtJM^KTaA    •tM 


wderttk*.  iJloae  »iTwlioi»riot  of 

wiihout  wUcb  it  isjAwodtaba 
fllffife  ta  Jmt  aa^hbo«n>  haa  ben 
plaoeilmaaiiuatioijLQf  greatdyiffiM 
«ii!ltyfc  U  it  not  piUn,  that  tba 
iwnptiotinflil  JMH I  ii<ij[i]<  Iwly  filimiyn 
i<t  Bttur^  iwoariiiMilOtthe  npinmii 
IR  wIuiciL.it  is  knigbti^inra^ 
^hafc  .  ODO,  wUbh^  if  submittod 
theongk  iha^  nmilar  (^auel^  of 
4wlrouH9r>  T?iiflfft>  he  nrnttfOT'  t£ 
i^fikmiw  MhocQ  ornninaHaim 
monUmoot;  whan  addrepai.tD-  a 
I  n^^wy^j  iad.  ib  the  vBOMBCflu 
iM  wemt  of :  all  die  wo^ha» 

maa  a  taunt  and. a  dafionoftd 
Xbo  mUKoaakMi  oC  th»  daqpaEtoh  ,ta 
M.  MyidiH  wUIa.it  was  ye^  OB 
itAfDaa  ta  Madrid  ia^  I  knom,  4»' 
ftpdoilytha.aU^|aiqwMtby  qf 
twwunilli  Bring  tlie.paUiQ  mind  at 
PariL  Bnt  if  the  pabUc  mind  at 
Bagja  faqniiad  ia  ba  tmoynUigad^ 
fraanflttlie.pnUic  mukLatlladni 
liable  to  bainiuMd? 

Yomr  eKoellancy  viU  not  nndaa* 
afea«d  thepaobiemfeioiiatobamade 
9|itk ja^  wew.  of  innalyting  tli# 
fiwwMny  of  ihe  Fieadi  yTaa% 
neal^  with  which,  aha' — ^  ''^ 
^nfebava  no  coneenu 
■;  JLmaBiixmtHHi  da 
hriaai's  ^ittei 
io::ia^ili.tfie.FraMli 
haaifhtted  ^Es^^aaaaiA  £pBin»  hf 
IhmmiiiHrfci^  which  Jm  fifi^ajU 
tar^tttbe  isat'  vap.  haa.  haan  fia> 
pltfBiei-moidy!  lav  ttepaqBas^af 
nayaMing  npaKifaft  Eiaa^  fpsi 
▼emment  me  nesesdty  af  nat 
omittiQi^  any  fia^  opiKicttfni^^ 
howerer  U^tle  pronuBng.  d)ej  nay 
deem  it,  for  tiffin  stating  to  Spain 
Ihag^omMB'Mthab  *'  '^ 
and.  Hia/talwrarf  their 

.  ThaiFnttGk^amma 

vyaLlMS&ipaf  8paia^jindi(>fia  dim 


4ia  Ciyetas,aa^iMll  aa  of  the  ^a^ 
vttnMan^  ta  tp0i  ta  advantaft 
aa^:  ooaaaifHi  that  may  oocar*  M 
thai  can  be  aseated  by.  a  prodant 
and  yadiial  aougac  of  meawaai^  far 
the  ramedy  of  the  defticta  i3a  the 
faffHiiih  aaDstteulioiK**««va  cbaanml 
iMJoom  apened  to  tha  Fxandk  ga^ 
venmieait  £(ir.eiideavoiui8^,tQr  a» 
live  at  those  assurances.  A  ] 
wMa  rtntafal  of  thaiayal 
finnQ  iliadndf-^^wMiad  be  the  bim 
s(baat  and  hiAUihle-.  ccoflamifNiM  of 
tbi  maach^f  a.  Famch  aiiiiy.>aaKiia 
the  fimtiaK*  If  the  saaapdmaw^f 
in  the  Spaniah  ]caQatit»tiott.B«a  aW 
solutely  BaaBsssayandit'iahaAalasa 
IQ  briaif^  about  tbaaa  aaintidmfaila 
aahensisa  than  bp7  aoM'^haSt  *^ 
EiaBfik  fovennwnfr  chalked  oal  ta 
alsalf  thaoeime.bir  which  a  susa 
caaifiil  iwaaion  ia  to  he  made  ta 
hiad.to-thadaaitediasia^2  Tha 
oaotqaatkBT  of  Madrid,  aa  »p6Hled 
o^ariance  shows,  ia  not-tfia  doni^ 
aaaa^Spafeb  Ttohaa^asidrihe 
Gertaik,  wiB  ha  attaUUbad  elaM^ 
iihaa%  and 'What  it  then  to  faUaw 
tsit^a.MatiaMnBe  of  cvcll.and  (^ 

>omr  tha*  s^hale  hsa» 


dawMHalinwji 
dom? 


yasa'flKael^ 
wall  saggistito.  Id* da Cha» 
laaidmaod,  in  a  talia^  a£  frnkait 
aaAr  wAfaat  wai  raadfwithiha 
gWjruirfl  lafc  iha  mm-  mim^  wm 
aoasioi^^a  A^  ]part  af  jyaomvaalprii 
pwfSBNaai%  .*lihal  ithor  pNSf#e|i9 
and  tranyiaUfy  q(  Fianee  ^e  ol^ 
jacts  hi  whldn  GbMt  Ibitain  faa^ 
herself,  the  deiq^  concem.  It  la 
seen  and  acknowledged  hex^  ibd 
aekaoirifliMd^vM  mo  fealSBgabat 
tkme^^  atfDgaamlatibn.and^sfltia* 
6fll^  that  aaeay  ya*^s,caBtk 
of  paaoKlD'  Fiawii,  asuia 
^-marohaapai 


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nr    ANMUAL  RBGISTERt  Itt3« 


linluffialaiior 
madiAdii  and  refloovotty  wliidi  «•- 
watt  to  her  tlto  lagh  mik  that  ite 
lujJds*  aaumg  Bfuoj^Bm  nadons^ 
Botin  pK^ardoa  i»w»  fedtliifl 
Mntment  sinoerelv,  we  defecate 
Ihe  Uai€aL  eEf&nmmt  of  a  war, 
kmiaflh  there  it  bo  little  to  caiii 
lijgaoeeii;  and  at  a  fauaid  «widh 
appeiart  to  us  as  iouniiient  as  tiii-s 


The  immediate  object,  howHer; 
el yoi»  interview  with  M.deClMU 
teoiAviaad  is,  to  bring  befotfe  1dm 
the  otvevtore fiiosn  M> de SaaMi^ 
guel;  taoferhismajeBtif'sfltiMs^ 
tar  at  Madrid  asa  ehamdefebiii^ 
lanmsataMi  with  Ifai^  Spanish 
Temmeni;  .  and  to  assure  tt 
Fxtndi  Mrerninent  of  the  amdoaa 
Aesbe  of  hia  nu^eaqr^  to  ptemate^ 
in  that  0r  te  ai^  odier  ^waj,  ^e 
aMainraent*  of  sodi  a  settteawnt 
wiih  Spainy  as  Fnoioe  may  dettn 
eontistent  not  mdj  widi  hat  sofistf 
but.her  honour. 

TUs  tepateh  will  he  deK?«red 
to  your  eseeUeni^,  I  hope>  on 
Sunday;  so  that  you  wiU^hafe  an 
epportnni^  of  oouBMniieating'  to 
M.  de  Outteotthviand  the  Spraisli 
note,  the  day  hefive  the  meetfaw 
eftiieChainhen. 

I  traat'the  naw  epenkig  whidi 
ifraffnds  Ibr'diBeasmi  and  pos^ 
hk  aeceBwnndation»  may  he  ftfc  ai 
aaaie  rriief  to  die  Frauh  govern- 
■ent,  under  the  difficulties  of  theft 
ptusaot  posMcm.    lam^^^        ^ 

(Signed)     Qm&Bom  CjLxnnfm 

)Ho.   ig^Sir  CaMurles  StuarJ  to 
^   Mr.  Secpretary   Cumii^g.'— Be« 
ceiled  (January  26.  -       ., 

(Adnict)  Ih^JmuKu^SB^imi 
-  Iv8awM.d0Chateauhfiaad7aft* 
tdday.  iietoldaiethatthechiha 
«f  San  Lannso.had  cBBummkatod 
to  Jw.  the  inltBiietix«  iwkkh  hml 
laid  before  Aa  Oortis    that 


whaA  M.  de  San 
spoken^  ismetiBgtiie 
£e  two  govcnunents;  hot  tiMi  « 
aoiiciliatmr  tone  is  assumed  1^  lisi 
agents  efftpain»whMMkieaMrfi«( 
▼entthe  adopdenraf  pineiplaif^ 
most  incoomitafe  widi  tho  ' — " 
quiUity  ef  Euiopa,  hy  die 

BMntandhy^kniilataM 

ooun^-^xdiat  at  the  nament  titty 
adnnt  all  the  defects  of  their 
stilulioB>  dieir 
inmeasures  to  pKodHDe-m 
and  their  wish  for  dm 
of  n  gausial'  amneatyy 
tiea  are  the  moat  aedvr  hi  iShA 
endeavmHB  ■  to  oiganba 
France :— in  duirt^  dikutiinr^ 
ndty  of  dm  evils  result^ 
war  is  not  tcr  he  conteanSl' 
ike  crosafucncea  wU£  aim 
snk  foom  dm  sncdem^ 
which  dm  ¥tea&  miniitem 
nomeana  of  pimranaiag 
oontiBuanee  of  peace, 
oueatimung  the  siaeaia^  tif  dm  aC> 
fofts  of  hu  nnjeo^s  y»uuimaMi 
to  maiwtiun  peace,  he  is  wmiiawi 
that  it  is  impossSde  seriousty^ti 
piemdm  auqeot  mt^the  VptoMh 
in  suftoiflttfc  taB0  m 

to  the  result 'Wadosiiv;-  Ths 
ofdmftmMhrailiMiM 
theyiwottU  bo  liaftti 
trndi  dmmsslves  ofdm  ^^ 
tian  of  an  ai 
l^t  any  change^  hnsrmnr 

\t  about  hythe 
dm  bw-of  Sfim 


•.  i«i.*  a 


?fa  io^; 


toSir  VnOiamA^Scmt.  ..• 


Sir^-4fr.  jadkaon 
enTttcadoy  ni|jhaisldi 
patolmstothe«ih«f 
and  on  FiMay  tb«t 


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PUBLIC    DOCUM £gr7».  .     Riff 


to  Anii  wUhia^ 
atnictaans  to  sir  Chnkt  Stuart, 
Sninded  on  M.  Saa  Migntr*  nota 
<)f  the  112th  instant,  seqoastiag  the 
good  oflkat  of  his  majesty  for  the 
preventioa  of  war  with  Fryioe^ 
A  eopy  of  these  instmctions  his 
frfammey  is  Greeted  to  transmit 
tp  JQU  by  Mr.  JBtkaaa,  and  to  q^ 
liiaeyouof  the  result  of  hiseie« 
estion  of  thenu 

Since  Mr.  Jackson's  departure 
Sn  Piueis,  I  httve  leeeived  jour 
de«atcb  of  tlie  15th  instant,  and 
tboewilii  deipatches  horn  sir 
Chadea  StQart>  whieh  appear  son^ 
whet  more  fsvourahle  to  the  pve^ 
aerwitioii  of  peaces  than  any  of  the 
late  npocts  ntom  Paris* 
..As  .yea  will  receive  by  Mr. 
JacksoB,  intelligence  from  Paris  of 
five  or  six  days  later  date,  and  so 
ntiab  the  more  impottant  as  the 
sweting  of  ike  Frcwh  chambers 
wiU  haTo  taken  phoe  in  the  inter* 
J9I9  it' is  usdess  for  me  now  to 
spenJatffr  oo  events,  which  will  be 
to  yoiij  when  thisdci^patch.rsadMS 
—    — ^__  ^  positive  iitfinme* 


to  state  tlie  course  whidi  you  are 
lolbllow  in  either  of  the  two  pos- 
agaptebsmatiifesi  Ist,  of  th6  co- 
■fittMSWiulitrf  France  hatving  dec&d 
tm '  wiury— £ndly,  of  ito  having 
lanasnted  to  avail  itself  of  the 
moniiig  pMBBted  by  M.  San  Mi- 
PmVo  note;  and  to  make  known 
i>i»ngh  yen  to  the  Spaossh  ^fth 
vesMHSit,  the  cenditstms  on  whvli 
it  may  be  prepared  to  withdraw  ile 
Amy  of  Obseryatkm. 
*•  faHfae  fbnner  case,  yocichave  no^ 
tkmg  to  do,  bat  to  profess  anew 
Ufrma^ist|E'»  fixed  determihatiott^ 
tflj^jMiOtom^  during  the  wair  a 
Met.) and  impartiai  neutrality} 
atwys  «endy.at  the  same  time-to 
ipMM^MT^si^iiMr  tbe  renewed 


ofUssDoAoOoBajir 
ooess,  or  e  revitin^ 
sanseof  common  danger  and  mUff 
tnal  interests,  shall  better  insMnn 
the  contending  parties  to  aceom^ 
Bodation. 

In  the  other  case,  you  will  pro* 
bahly  receive  from  sir  Charleo 
Stiiait  a  statrnnent  of  the  tacmo 
which  the  .French  government 
deem  indispensable,  either  for  their 
henowr  or  for  their  safe^,  in 
breaking  up  that  qrstem  of  pvscaiK 
tioq,  the  oontimiance  of  whidi 
operates  as  a  bar  to  pacificati^? 
and  die  time  will  then  be  arrived 
at  which  yeu  can,  without* tbe sua^ 
picion  of  a  dictatorial  or  an  un« 
ealled-for  intsrferenoe,  paess  eer«' 
neslly  upon  M.  San  Miguel  a  frank 
and  friendly  opinion,  in  suypoft  of 
suob  of  those  terms  as  appear  to 
you  to  be  not  UBrsasanaUk  Tha 
amnesty  wkich»  if  issued  in  tho 
long's  nmq^,  wo«ld»  aa.it  appeaca 
from  sir  Charies  Stmtft's  doa« 
patch  of  the  23id,  be  satiflfiM^knpr 
to  the  French  government  it  10 
unnefiMHKoy  for  me  to  instruot  yon 
to  mne;  sinoe  you  hoiw  infomed 
me  of  your  intention  to  urge  it  to 
the  utmost  of  your  power*  Nek* 
ther  you  nor  the  French  gavcame 
ment  have  ovoHcated  the  eftct 
wUoh  such  an  act  would  be  Hkel|r 
to  produee  throughout  Europe*  ./ 
.  To  libente  tbe  person  and  &a 
mily  of  the  king  not  on^  froas 
dmo^ei^  but  from  the  appeonmceoi 
restraint|^«-to  givesom^th»g  like 
force  and  free-will  to  the  actions 
of  tite  executive  po#er— to  rescue 
the  ddiberations  of  the  Cortea 
from  the  overawAtig  inflaenoe'c^ 
the  Clubfr-«re,  next  after  the  am- 
nesty (wUdi  ;diould  peifaaps  |bre- 
cede  them  all)  the  alterations  .the 
most  deauraUe,  and  those  whicii 
would  give  ^  greatest*e(mfidenoo 
to/ 


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128*    ANVUAL    REjGlSTBR,  1823. 


«UiM  sort  «iid  witb  Ait  same  ten«* 
diiu^i  we  anrnowv  aftar  tba  dMT 
gnd  practical  proofkwkich  we  Katre 
given  of  our  ixidii|>06ttiQa  to  olaiai 
any  thing  as  of  right,  or  to  enforoe 
,  anjr  tldng  by  menace,  for  the 
ani^idinent  of  the  SpaniilL  conati-' 
tutioii^  wanranted  to  Beoammend^ 
with  all  the  earnestness  which  if 
nrompted  by  our  tried  &iendahi{» 
ibr  the  Spanish  natkm ;  by  oor  ea* 
perienoe  of  1^  practice  of  free 
myvertaxumt;  and  by  our  conTi^ 
om  of  the  suferings  and  the  penl» 
which  must  be  derived  to  %)un^ 
and  to  £urope  from  war. 

So  long  as  our  voice  mi^^t  have 
been  eomunded  with.  Uioae  of 
ilUler  powers,  who  toek  a  difieraat 
Pleasure  cf  their  rig^it  of  intexfei^ 
6ncd— or  with  tiiat  of  Franee, 
whose  exhortation  war  accoii^« 
aiied  witih  danundotio&a'  of  hoati* 
Mtf ,  we  dbstaiii  from  advisii^, 
ntier  than  ineur  the  imputadon 
of  attenq»ting  to  contxol.  ]^e 
nDw>  that  the  pcBsibility  of  suck 
aAropAowMitaiioaais  at  an  end,  we 
eannot  see  theobfiooadangets  into 
which  the  present  ooorse  of  Spanish 
afidrs  is  leadmg  a  hcafv  and  galhurt 
people>  and  be  aOent;  witfaovt 
abandonii^  the  ixxtf  which  is  me'* 
teibedi  nolesrby  the  efaiipitnui 
whieh  intemationai  law  imposei 
n]^  firiaid]^  states  than  l^  the 
peaiiar  tiea  whidb  eoniiect  Great 
Aritan  with  Spain. 

Ydv  win  keep  sir  Caiariea  Stoart 
esttstaatiy  infitnrmed  of  the  coamr 
ef  yaardiscuBsms  with  tiieSpanisb 
ttinislfer8>^    I  anj^  te* 

(Sigatd)     OsoBa  CUmmco; 

No.  22.*-Sir  Charles  Stuart  to  Mr. 
Socretaiy  Canning.  —  Beoel^ 
January  30. 

I  xeoeiTed  your  delDatehes  of  the 


i4ax  faibani' eft  Saodtft^ftUfi 
when  limmedialely  calkduponlL 
de  Chaltea«Maad,  fiv  the  putpcm 
of  commnnicatina  to  his  exceUaii? 
the  note  from  MT  de  San  Migndt 
under  date  the  l£th  instant ;  lod 
<m  the  following  morning  I  rat 
over  the  reasoning  cQutaiaed  is 
pmr  letter,  with  a  view  of  pabt- 
mg  out  to  the  French  minister,  the 
necessity  of  not  donna  the  door 
tttainst  an  Overture  which  dfcn 
the  only  remaining  dba&oe  ofniaiB* 
taiaing  the  tran^uiBity  sf  Ensop^ 
The  French  miniater  told  we, 
that  the  subsftanoe  of  M.  date 
Idigud's  paper  had  abcady  lea 
transmitted  to  him  firom  Madiid; 
but  that  it  had  not  been  CQOiinu» 
cat^  to  him  sufficiency  at  leogtii 
to  show  that  M.  de  San  Mi^ 
merely  demands  the  dinohitaoaflf 
the  Army  of  Obaervatien,  widaot 
holding  out  any  hapt  whatem  <l 
a  conoeanon  ufsm  points  wliii^ 
menace  the  vital  tranquillity  of  tb 
eountxy;  thoudh  hemiistheveB 
aware  tluit^  in  Uie  preaent  mtxuiam 
of  affiars^no  French  nuoistflrwQiiU 
be  bold  enough  to  propose  soflhs 
tfieasure,  unkss  it  Aodld  be  jtn- 
t^edby  a  eonespofiding  wmamtB 
on  the  part  of  Spain. 

He  added,  tiiat»  under  theie» 
eumatanoea,  the  IdngucamfAi 
to  assume  a  decisive  tone  in  ha  dis* 
course  to  the  k^^dative  bodisN 
and  thiit  in  nmioiinring  the  oa«* 
ticmsof  thediphmatic  raktioash^ 
tween  the  two  government^  itii 
neeessary  to  flhow  that  they  c0Bf 
be  re-established,  until  theedf* 
of  the  jx^fAid>  with  whk^  * 
Spemah  kevalutioB  aMoaioaMf^ 
bottling  ciDimlnei^  hae  hen  i** 
9ovedi  b^r  auritailatJBf  Am  i» 
s|at«ti9m  p$  thoiB  of  oimJmid 
P0iieidiie%  under  an  Aot  oavi 
part  of  the  Idi^  of  %aln  dedl0| 
the  eop^atitutiqn  to  fmapitr  im 
the  Clown. 


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PUfiLIC   DOCUMENT^.        l29^ 


He  hcrpdd  the  anxiety  of  my  go- 
'Tbmment  to  maintain  peace^  would 
induce  you  to  instruct  sir  Wilfiani 
A'Court  to  convey  these  sentiments 
to  the  knowledge  of  the  Spanish 

Srvemment ;  and  to  impress  upon 
e  ministers  the  expediency  of  not 
refuse  to  admit  the  only  measure 
of  whidi  it  is  possible^  in  the  pre- 
set situation,  to  take  advantage, 
"with  a  view  to  the  attainment  of 
that  object. 

No.  24^-*Sir  Charles  Stuart  to  Mr. 
Secretary    Canning. — Received 
- '  February  2nd. 

CEztiract)  Farii,  January  30,  1823. 
-  Having  sent  off  a  messenger  on 
Tuesday,  at  the  moment  a  printed 
copy  of  the  speech  from  the  throne 
was  put  into  my  hands,  I  was  un- 
able to  make  any  observations 
unpon  that  subject  in  my  despatch 
of  the  same  day. 

"  '  M.  de  Vill^le,  whom  I  acci- 
dental/ met  on  Tuesday  evening, 
flftt^eared  sUmnsed  to  find  that  I 
dia  tiot  consider  the  language  of 
die  speech  perfectly  in  unison  with 
€ke  tenor  of  his  excellency's  former 
assurances.  He  said  that,  the  vio- 
"tent  alternative,  to  which  the  kins 
refers,  is  mentioned  in  a  conditional 
sense. 

I  could  not  avoid  expressing  my 

S'  ^t,  that  this  public  manifestation 
d^QQdhds  for  such  changes  in  the 
9ptt]i&h  constituition,  as  the  leaders 
ifttliat  country  would  hardly  be 
to  attempt,  should  not 
his  inoSt  Christian  majesty 
ibti^  means  of  recedihg  from  the 
pSHl^dh  in  t^hich   he    has  been 


*"  Wotwtthstanding  the  strong  evi- 
SUStM  of  preparations  for  hostmties, 
X  'fitani  hoth  this  minister,  and  liis 
oAleagne,  M:  de  Chateaubriand, 
etM^tfek  to  fitnswer  the.representa-' 
tiW  of'  the '  dinfeeqtiences  which 
Vol.  LXV. 


must  result,  from  a  rupture,  by  as- 
surances that  they  do  not  partici- 
pate in  my  uneasiness  upon  thfe 
subject,  because  they  yet  continue 
to. entertain  hopes  that  war  will 
not  take  place. 

No.  25. — Mr.  Secretary  Canning 
to  Sir  Charles  Stuart 
Foreign  Office;  February  3, 1823. 

Sir ;  —  On  the  same  day  on 
which  your  exceUisncv's  despatches 
of  the  28th,  one  of  them  iiiclosing 
the  speech  of  the  king  of  France  at 
the  opening  of  the  Chambers,  ar^ 
rived  here,  M.  de  Marcellus  caOed 
upon  me  for  the  purpose  of  com- 
muni^ting  a  copy  of  that  docu- 
ment. 

In  making  this  communication, 
M.  de  Marcellus  took  occasion  to 
declare  the  unabated  desire  of  his 
government  for  the  preservation  of 
peace ;  to  renew  in  a  more  precise 
and  formal  manner  their  request  of 
his  majesty's  good  offices  for  that 
object ;  and  to  express  their  hopes^ 
that  our  intervention  at  Madria 
might  yet  ^vert  an  extremity, 
which  (it  must  be  confessed)  the 
language  of  the  French  speech,  un- 
accompanied by  such  a  commen- 
tary, might  have  been  understood 
to  announce  as  unavoidable. 

Such  an  intimation  from  thd 
French  ministry,  at  the  moment 
when  the  decision  of  the  king  of 
Prance  for  war  is  the  subject  of 
general  regret  and  alarm,  places 
his  majesty's  government  in  a 
situation  of  great  embarrassment ; 
an  embarrassment  which  is  the  more 
Sensibly  felt  by  them,  on  account 
of  the  necessity  of  making  some 
disclosure  of  opinion  in  the  speech 
to  be  delivered  from  the' tjione, 
at  the  opening  of  the  session  of 
parliament.  On  the  one  hand,  hi^ 
majesty's  government  would  not 
willingly  either  risk  the  misfor- 


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130»    ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1823. 


tune^  or  incur  the  rei^onsibility,  of 
dosing,  by  any  act  of  theirs,  the 
door  which  the  French  govern- 
ment declare  to  be  still  open.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  sense  of  the 
suspensive  and  conditional  article 
in  the  speech  of  the  king  of  France, 
on  which  the  possibilities  of  peace 
are  supposed  to  han^  is  so  much 
obscured  by  the  anmiguous  cha- 
racter of  the  condition  with  which 
it  is  connected,  that  it  is  very  dif- 
ficult to  estimate  its  real  value. 

It  has  become  necessary  on  this 
occasbn,  to  reconsider  maturely 
the  position  in  which  his  majest/s 

f)vemment  stands  towards  that  of 
ranee. 

The  answer  which  has  uniformly 
been  given  by  the  Btitish  govern- 
ment to  the  questions  put  by 
France,  as  to  the  course  which  hw 
msjesty  would  pursue  in  a  war 
between  France  and  Spain,  has 
been,  that  no  opinion  could  be 
formed  on  that  point,  in  the  ignor- 
ance in  which  his  majesty's  govenb- 
ment  were  as  to  the  causes  of  com- 
plaint which  France  might  have 
against  Spain.  Nothing  has  even 
yet  been  precisely  stated  to  them  on 
that  subject  General  danger  from 
the  nature  of  the  present  political 
institutions  of  Spain— danger  to 
the  king  and  royal  family  of  Spain 
— attempts  on  the  part  of  the 
Spanish  government  to  corrupt  the 
minds  of  the  French  people,  and  to 
seduce  the  soldiers  of  the  Army  of 
Observation : — ^these,  coupled  wiUi 
the  undeniable  facts  of  three  or 
four  occasional  violations  of  the 
French  territory,  constituted  tl^ 
sum  of  grievances  which  have  been 
alleaed,  at  di&rent  times,  against 
Spam  by  the  French  ffovemment. 
up  to  the  publication  ^  the  q;ieech 
of  the  king  of  I^ance. 
^  In  charges  such  as  these,  espe- 
wQj  when  urged  (as  some  of  these 


were  at  Verona)aDly  as  tha  gioondi 
of  a  system  of  defensive  prepanp 
tion,  lus  majesty's  government  mm 
nodiing  which  reimered  an  aoooni- 
modation  hopeless.  Spain  oa  her 
side  has,  or  professes  to  hate, 
grievances  to  plead  against  Fiance, 
of  ffimilur  intermeddling  with  her 
people  and  her  army.  She  all^ 
that  France  has  encouraged  dism- 
sion  and  disafifectian  at  Madiid; 
and  that  she  even  by  money  snd 
and  other  means  fomented  and 
stimulated  the  tumult  of  the  7tk  of 
July. 

Such  mutual  recriminations  sp- 
peared  to  the  British  govexuDont 
to  furnish  the  elements  of  a  discos 
sion,  in  which  something  would  be 
to  be  explained  on  either  side;  tad 
in  which  reconciliation  might  it 
last  result  from  mutual  oompv^ 
mise  and  concession. 

In  this  state  of  thinga  the  medi- 
ation of  Great  Britain  was  ofieitd; 
and^  under  these  impreasions,  kff 
good  offices  have  been  empkjyed. 
The  question  so  for  turned,  Jttin" 
dpally,  if  not  exclusively,  «P* 
facts ;  there  was  no  dedamcn  cf 
principle  absolutely  precluding  »•• 
gotiation.  But  as  the  natow  • 
Uie  present  political  institutiins  d 
Spain  was  put  forward,  as  being  « 
itself  a  source  of  danger  to  France, 

and,  at  the  same  time,  as  au5O0f^ 
ble  of  modifications  by  the  voltfj 
tary  act  of  Spain  herself,  wlu» 
would  remove  the  i^^jprehensiffl*^* 
that  danger,  and  consequantly  og^ 
the  way  to  amicable  dbscussiaa  <« 
other  points  ;  the  British  0^^^ 
ment  endeavoured  to  '•^'■.^JJI 
France,  what  were  the  modiW' 
tiona  ift  the  Spanish  constitutMtty 
which  would  givf  to  F^^JS  ^ 
assurance  of  safety  uid  traDqoiB>^ 
and  they  have  not  hentat^  t0i^ 
vise,  at  Madrid,  an  attemft  to  W 
about  some  such  modificud^wtf  * 


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PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS.       131* 


at  least  the  dedamtiM  of  a  dispo- 
-fhion  to  consider  of  them  when  the 
time  should  be  more  propitious  for 
a  change. 

There  is  no  condusiye  reason  to 
-apprehend,  that  if  the  inteence  of 
British  counsel  had  been  left  to 
its  osm  operation  (considmng  the 
weight  dT  the  autlMiritf  under 
wh£h  it  was  offered)  it  would 
have  been  oiered  in  vain.  Even 
after  the  commmiiration  to  the 
Spanish  eoyemment  of  the  des- 
patches of  the  continental  powers, 
the  Spanish  minister  ezpretned.  dis- 
tinct^ and  formaUy  the  wish  of  his 
government,  for  tb^  mod  offices  of 
Ureat  Britain  with  France;  and 
'we  were  not  wi^iout  hope  of  a 
favouraUe  answer  to  the  sugsest- 
tions  proposed  throu  j^  lord  Fit«- 
roy  Somerset,  wh^i  we  received 
the  speech  of  the  king  of  France. 

The  principle  put  forward  in 
that  speech,  as  ^e  basis  of  the 
French  demands  upon  Spain,  is 
liable  to  a  double  construction.  If, 
as  we  are  desirous  of  believing,  the 
sentiment  intended  to  be  conveyed 
is  no  other,  thstn  that,  in  order  to 
give  stability  to  any  modification  of 
the  present  system  in  Spain,  and 
to  afibrd  sufficient  assurance  to 
France  to  justify  her  in  discontinu- 
ing her  warlike  preparations,  the 
kin^  of  Spain  must  be  party  and 
fteefjr  consenting  to  any  such  modi- 
fications ;  and  if  your  excellency 
ihnSl  6btain  from  the  French  minis- 
ter an  avowal  that  such  is  the  in- 
tention of  the  speech ;  the  Britfah 
government  will  be  most  happy 
tt>  continue  at  Madrid  their  amic- 
<3iile  and  earnest  endeavours,  to  as- 
certain the  means,  and  to  recom- 
xnend  *  the  policy  of  aooommoda- 
non. 

But  it  wtndd  not  be  ri^t  to 
conceal  fi^om  the  French  muiister, 
^^  it  different  construction  is  g^ 


nenlly  put  upon  the  paragraph  to 
which  I  refer.  It  is  constnied  as 
implying,  that  the  free  institutions 
of  the  opaniflh  people  can  only  be 
Intimately  held  from  the  sponta- 
neous dA;  of  the  sovereign,  first 
restorwi  to  his  absolute  power,  and 
then  divesting  himsdf  of  suchponv 
tion  of  that  power  as  he  may  ^link 
proper  to  part  with. 

The  Spaniidi  nation  could  not 
be  expected  to  subscribe  to  this 
principle;  nor  could  any  British 
statesman  uphold  or  defend  it. 

We  can  conscientiously  recom- 
mend to  Spain  to  modify  her  con- 
stitution of  1812.  The  law  of 
nations  warrants  the  suggestion 
from  one  friendly  power  to  an- 
other, of  counsels  for  the  meliora- 
tion of  internal  institutions,  pro- 
vided that  suggestion  be  made  in 
eood  faith,  and  not  in  a  spirit  of 
nictation;  and  provided  it  be 
not  attempted  to  be  suj^mted 
by  force.  But  the  BrituAi  go- 
vernment could  not  advise  any 
people,  in  adopting  changes  how* 
ever  beneficial,  to  admit  the  prin- 
ciple on  which  (according  to  this 
latter  construcrion)  the  speech  of 
the  long  of  France  would  be  under- 
stood to  prescribe  them.  It  is  in- 
deed a  principle  which  strikes  at 
the  root  of  die  British  constitu- 
tion. 

The  Britif^  covcmment  does 
not  presume  to  hold  out  its  own 
political  institutions,  as  the  only 
practical  system  of  national  happi** 
ness  and  freedom.  It  does  not  pre- 
sume to  question  the  freedom  and 
happiness  whidi  France  envoys 
under  institutions  emanating  npm 
die  will  of  the  sovereign,  smd  de- 
scribed as  actroyies  from  the 
throne.  But  it  could  not  counte- 
nance a  pretension  on  the  part  of 
France  to  make  her  examine  a  rule 
for  other  nations;  and  still  hm 


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132*    ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1823. 


oonU  It  admit  a  peculiar  lu^htin 
Fnmoey  to  force*^t  ezamp& spe- 
cifically upon  Spain,  in  virtue  of 
die  consanguinity  of  the  reigning 
dynasties  of  those  two  kin^oms. 
Tins  latter  reascm  would,  on  the 
oontracy,  suggest  recollections  and 
considerations,  which  must  obvi^ 
OQsly  make  it  impossible  for  Grreat 
Britain  to  be  theadvocate  of  preten* 
aions  founded  upon  it.  Iam,&c.&c 
(Signed)    Gboboa  Canning. 

Memorandum — A  copy  of  this 
despatch  was  transmitted  to  sir 
William  A'Court  on  the  4th  of 
February. 

Na  27.— Mr.  Secretary .  Canning 
to  Sir  William  A'Court 
(Extract) 
Foreign  Office,  Feb.  9, 1823. 
You  will  have  learnt,  l^  the 
ordinary  modes  of  intelligence,  the 
opening  of  parliament,  smd  the  re- 
ception, in  both  House^  of  that 
nart  <^  the  Idng^s  speech  which  re- 
lates to  the  present  position  of 
France  and  Spain. 
.  What  impression  may  be  made 
on  th^  French  government  by  this 
unequivocal  di^osure  of  public 
Ofanion  in  England,  I  cannot  pre- 
tend to  foresee ;  but  it  can  hardly 
be  other  than  such,  as,— if  it  were 
olet  at  the  same  time  wi^  any  rea- 
sonable fadlity  on  the  part  of 
Spain>  which  would  afford  to 
fiance  a  retreat  without  dishonour 
— nu^^ht  lead  to  a  reconsideration 
of  theur  plans,  and  yet  anrest  the 
fatal  blow  which  is  to  commence 
hostilities. 

,  I  ti:u8t,  however,  that  the  report 
which  the  Spanish  government 
may  receive  of  these  proceedings, 
will  not  lead  .them  into  a  false  secu- 
rity, by  indudng  them  to  place 
their bopesof  extrication  from  their 
difficulties  i9  a  war  between  this 
({ountry  and  France^  .  . 


Neither  ^e  detcmunahwi  nor 
the  means  will  be  wanting  to  vin- 
dicate, in  any  case,  that  miglit 
arise,  either  our  honour,  or  oar 
interests.  But  this  considendso 
does  not  aflfect  the  inunediatdy  im- 
pending conflict  between  Fraaie 
and  Spain.  It  ia  to  the  1 
of  the  commencement  of  the  \ 
that  the  anxiety  of  the  Britidi  fgh 
vemment  is,  at  this  momeiit^  e^ 
dusivdy  directed  ;  and  that  it  is 
desirous  of  directing  the  ddiben- 
tions  of  the  Spanish  government; 
and  the  way  to  defer  the  preiait 
execution  of  the  project  of  invsm 
of  Spain  is,  that  Spain  diooldfiuw 
nidi  us  with  some  propostiaDy 
sudi  as  we  could  submit  to  the 
French  government,  with  sb 
earnest  appeal  to  its  policy  as  weH 
as  to  its  justice. 

No.  28.— Lord  Fitzroy  Somenct 
to  Mr.  Secretary  Canning.— Re- 
ceived February  10th. 

(Extract) 
Madrid  3,  Januar]^  Sfi,  laSl, 
With    the    approbation  of  «r 
William  A'Court  I  communicsted 

to  1  ,  on  the  2w 

instant,  the  nature  of  the  coonnif- 
sion  with  which  I  was  entntfted; 
expresang  to  him  my  hqpe  that  la 
a  matter  so  materially  a&ctlnc 
the  welfare  of  his  country,  I  Aw 
have  the  benefit  of  his  asuftaooe 
and  co-operation. 
.    I  informed  him  that  his  ma- 
jesty's government  contintied  to 
adhere  to  the  determinatioiij 
which  they  had  hitherto.  sctW| 
pf  not  interfering  in  the  inteotf* 
concerns    of    Spain ;    but  thrtr 
deeply  alive  to  the  difficuWfi* JJ 
her  present  situatiox^  and  n"* 
anxious   to    prevent  her  t^^^ 
with  France,  they  had  ihoo^^ 
proper  to  try  the  ettbctof  a  c^ 
.dential    communicatioo^     ^'^ 


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PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS.       133* 


dumU  make  known  to  die  leading 
dbaiacters  in  this  country  the  sen- 
timents of  the  duke  of  Wellington, 
yffho,  SB  the  friend  and  well- wisher 
of  Spam,  had  consented  to  state 
his  opinions,  on  the  necessity  of 
some  akeratkn  in  the  existing 
ooosfettution* 

I,  at  the  same  time,  begeed 
him  to  bear  in  mind,  and  to  uom 
press  oa  those  with  ^n^iom  I  trusted 
he  would  communicate,  that  Eng- 
land demai^ed  nothing  of  Spain; 
thatshesuggestadnothing  officially, 
and  that  her  sde  object  in  touch- 
ing in  any  way  upon  so  important 
a  question,  was  the  hope  that  it 
nii^t  lead  to  the  adoption  of  a 
system,  which  should  put  an  end 
to  civil  dissensions^  and  lessen  the 
probability  of  a  war  with  France; 

I  afterwards  read  to  him  the 
dukeof  Wellington'smemorandum. 
■  was  evidently  a  good 

deal  startled  at  my  communica* 
tion,  for  which  he  professed  him- 
self to  be  quite  unprepared ;  and 
he  at  (mce  declared  his  conviction, 
that  he  ooidd  not  be  instrumental 
in  the  attainment  of  the  objects  to 
which  I  had  called  his  attention. 

He  gave  the  British  government 
fbU  credit  for  the  craiduct  they 
had  pursued  during  the  congress 
at  Veroruu  He  was  deeply  sensi- 
ble of  the  value  of  the  duke  of 
Wellington's  exertions  on  that  oc- 
casion, Kud  of  his  constant  solici- 
tude to  promote  the  happiness  and 
secure  the  independence  of  Spain ; 
but,  in  the  present  situation  of  the 
country,  he  could  not  disguise 
tttkOL  me  the  difficulty  of  prevails 
ing  upon  any  party  to  act  upon 
the  suggestions  which  were  thrown 
out  for  their  consideration  in  the 
duke's  memorandum. 

He  acknowledged  the  defects  of 
the  constitution,  and  admitted  the 
propriety  of  taking  into  considera- 


tion the  espeoiency  of  modnying 
it  hereafter,  wben  such  a  prooeedii 
ing  should  not  be  illepd.— -He  fcdft 
e^cudly  with  myself  the  immi- 
nence of  the  danger  to  which  the 
country  vnis  ei^osed,  and  ihat 
war  was  the  inevitaUe  consequence 
of  a  refusal  to  modify  the  consti- 
tution. Such  a  measure  being, 
however,  out  of  the  question,  tho 
government  had,  in  his  opinion^ 
nothing  to  do,  but  to  await  the 
evil  wmdi  they  could  not  avert 

Seeing  that  my  reasoning  made 
no  impression  upon  ■  ■ 

and  that  his  reluctance  to  become 
a  party  in  proposing  any  alteration 
in  the  present  order  of  thines  was 
not  to  be  overcome,  I  renuined 
from  pressii^  him  further  on  the 
subject;  having  first,  however, 
prevailed  upon  him,  as  an  act  of 
kindness  to  me,  and  of  duty  to  his 
country,  to  mention  to  jome  of  the 
gentlemiaiof  the  Cortes,  in  whom  he 
could  confide,  tibe  natureof  thecoma 
mission  with  whidi  I  was  charaed  ; 
and  the  reasons  wMch  induced  the 
duke  of  Wellington  to  think,  that 
the  time  was  arrived  when  Spain 
should  make  an  e£Rirt  toefieot  sudi 
an  alteration  in  her  present  system 
of  government,  as  might  toid  to 
put  an  end  to  the  disUirbanoes  of 
which  she  is  the  theatre,  and  to 
sati^  her  sovereign  and  his  allies. 

I  have  found  several  of  my  dd 
acquaintances  who  are  neither  in 
the  Cortes,  nor  in  any  situation  of 
responsibility,  very  r^y  to  enter 
into  conversation  with  me  on  the 
difficulties  by  which  Spain  is  now 
surrounded,  and  on  the  necessity  of 
some  modifiaatioh  of  the  omsti* 
tution.  Some,  indeed,  are  da« 
mtoous  for  such  an  amendment, 
and  for  the  interference  of  Great 
Britain;  but  when  asked  how  the 
first  can  be  eflfected,  or  the  latter 
made  available  to  the  exigeaciet 


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134*    ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1823. 


of  tfic'  moment,  they  are  linsble 
to  famish  any  satisfactory  reply. 

No.  29.— Sir  Charles  Stuart  to 

Mr.    Secretary  Canning. — Re- 

oeived  February  IS. 

(Extract)  Paris,  February  10, 1833. 

After  receiving  your  despatdi 
of  the  Srd  instant,  I  called  upon 
M.  de  Chateaubriand,  and  held  a 
long  ccmv^rsation  with  that  minis- 
ter upon  the  subject  to  which  it 
refers.  Without  under-rating  the 
effect  of  his  majesty's  good  offices 
to  preserve  peace,  I  found  M.  de 
Chateaubriand  still  extremely  pre- 
possessed with  the  notion,  that  the 
tone  assumed  in  the  speech  of  the 
kinff  of  France,  is  well  calculated 
to  mduce  the  Spaniards  to  eive 
way ;  and  resolved,  in  spite  of  all 
I  could  say,  to  ground  hopes  of 
{Nneventinff  war  upon  the  re«ilt  of 
Uiat  speedu 

When  I  questioned  his  excel- 
lency respectmg  the  interpretation 
of  whidi  his  most  Christian  ma- 
jesty's speech  to  the  chambers  is 
susceptible,  he  admitted  that  your 
account  of  the  different  construc- 
tions which  are  put  upon  that  dis- 
course, clearly  exposes  the  doubts 
which  have  prevailed  in  the  public 
mind  upon  that  important  question. 
He  said,  that  whatever  may  be  the 
interpretation  which  is  attached  to 
his  majesty's  expressions,  by  those 
who  are  determined  to  connder  all 
the  measures  reconmiended  by  this 
Court,  to  be  proems  of  their  desire 
lo  re-establish  an  absolute  govern- 
ment in  Spain-^his  *  exc^ency 
never  can  believe  that  the  com- 
munications which,  have  taken 
{dace  with  the  Biitidi  cabinet^ 
have  been  misunderstood  to  a  de- 
gree which  can  authome  such 
suppositions.  He  does  not  hesitate 
to  admit  that,  "in  order  to  give 
Jtability  to  any  modification  oftfae 


present  system  in  Spam,  vdA  tir 
affinrdsuflkient  assurance  to  Fianee 
to  justify  her   i&continning  her 
wanike  preparations,  ihe  knig  of 
Spain  must  be  a  party,  and  con- 
sent to  sudi  modification."    Upott 
this  principle,    a   diange  whidi 
shall  result  from  a  thorough  rut* 
derstanding  between  his  Cathohe 
majesty  and  the  Cortes,  wffl  be 
considered  to  afibrd  some  prospect 
of  tiie  modifications  which  are  in- 
dispensable   to    the    securi^    of 
neighbouring  states.    The  FreDch 
government  will  not  only  be  satii- 
fied  with  the  opening  which  any 
act  (such  as  the  estahliabment  oif 
a  second  chamber)  may  ofiftr,  to 
complete,  through  the  interventioa 
of  dieat  Britain,  the  system  whidi 
is  necessary  for  the  oonstitutftOBal 
government  of  Spain ;  bat,  with- 
out waiting  for  any  fiirther  pioo6 
of  the  sincerity  of  the  Spaniah  go- 
vernment, they  will  consider  any 
such   act  as  affording  reasonatie 
grounds  for  suspending  thdranna-» 
mentsy  and  replacing  we  xelalaoiil 
between  the  two  countries  i^fioii 
the  footing  usual  in  time  of  peace; 
though,  since  they  cannot  suf^oie 
that  we  consider  mere   fair  as- 
surances to  be  sufficient,  we  mmt 
not  be  surprised  if  pr^mrations  for 
war  are,  in  the  mean  time,  carried 
on  without  intermission. 

M.  de  QiateaulHriand  did  not 
enter  into  any  detail  veroectBig 
the  nature  of  die  acts  to  which  hi 
idluded;  but  I  understood  him  ts 
refer  to  the  proj  ect  of  allowniff  th^ 
king  the  nomination  of  counrnkn 
of  state,  and  giving  them  a  ddi* 
beiative  power,  upon  a  similar  prio* 
dpLe  with  that  of  the  Amcrictn 
senate ;  to  which  mi^it  be  addod^ 
a  regulation  fixing  the  amount  of 
the  quaMeatioa  required,  to  render 
a  candidate?  eligible  to  the  seooni, 
or  reprceentative  ehamber. 


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X¥lih  a  tiew  to  avoid  the  possi- 
\a^ty  of  any  misrepresentation^  I 
have  read  to  M.  de  Chateaabriand 
diat  part  of  this  despatch,  which 
states  the  expectations  entertained 
by  the  French  government,  and 
have  ascertained  that  his  ideas  are 
correctly  reported.  The  commu- 
nication of  the  same  extract  to* 
>  enables  me  to  say, 

that  it  contains  notions  which,  in 
the  opinion  of  that  gentleman^ 
will  be  considered  admissible  in 
Spain;  and  which  may  afibrd 
sufficient  grounds  for  further  oom- 
xnunications  on  the  part  of  sir 
William  A'Court  to  the  Spanish 
government. 

No.  30.--Sir  William  A'Court  to 
Mr.  Secretary  Canning— Re- 
ceived February  13. 

Madrid,  27th  January,  1823. 
Sir ; — ^The  French  minister  re- 
ceived two  despatches  from  M.  de 
Chateaubriand  hf  the  last  courier; 
the  one  to  be  communicated  to  M. 
de  San  Miguel  at  the  same  time 
diat  he  demanded  his  passports; 
the  other  to  be  read  to  hun,  as 
well  as  to  the  king,  previous  to 
hia  departure. 

The  first,  which  has  already 
been  communicated,  contains  little 
more  than  expressions  of  regret, 
that  the  answer  of  the  Sptmish 
goremment  should  have  been  so 
very  unsatisfactory,  leaving  no 
other  alternative  to  the  French 
government  than  of  recalling  its 
u^tion. 

The  second  goes  more  into  de- 
taiL  It  states  that,  after  the 
fimitless  efforts  made  by  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  continental  powers, 
as  well  as  by  nr  William  A'Court 
and  lord  Fitsroy  Somerset  (the 
last  dT  whom,  it  must  be  observed, 
bad  not  left  Paris  seven  days,  and 

•  A  Spanifh  gentleman  at  P&rit. 


was  not  even  arrived  at  Madrid 
when  the  French  despatch  was 
written)  to  engage  the  Spanish 
government  to  usten  to  the  sug- 
gestions of  reason,  and  to  adopt  a 
fine  of  greater  moderation,  no 
other  course  remains  to  the  ^ 
vemment  of  his  most  Christian 
majesty  than  that  of  recalling  its 
minister  from  Madrid  : — ^that  this 
is  the  only  step  lefit  for  the  main- 
tenance of  peace : — ^that  the  duke 
of  Ansoul^me  is  upon  the  point 
of  placing  himself  at  the  head  of 
100,000  men  upon  the  frontier : — 
and  that  if  the  king  of  Spain,  re- 
leased from  his  present  thraldom, 
and  placed  at  the  head  of  his  army, 
shall  be  allowed  to  advance  to  the 
banks  of  the  Bidassoa,  in  order  to 
treat  with  him,  a  firm  and  durable 
peace  may  be  established  between 
the  two  countries — the  ancient  in- 
timate connexion  between  France 
and  Spain  restored ;  and  the  fleets, 
armies,  and  resources  of  France  be 
placed  from  that  moment  entirely 
at  the  disposal  of  his  CathoHc  ma- 
jesty : — ^That  France  does  not  pre- 
tend to  dictate  to  Spain  the  pre- 
cise modifications  she  ou^ht  to 
adopt  in  her  constitution ;  but  in 
order  not  to  expose  herself  to  the 
charge  of  having  intentionally  left 
her  wishes  unexplained,  she  de- 
clares that  she  will  not  renew  her 
relations  of  amity  with  this  coun- 
try, until  a  system  be  established, 
with  the  consent  of,  and  in  con- 
cert with,  the  king,  assuring  alike 
the  fiberties  of  the  nation  and  the 
just  privileges  of  the  monarch; 
and  until  a  general  act  of  amnesty 
be  passed  in  favour  of  every  indi- 
vidual persecuted  for  poHtical  of- 
fence^  ham  the  promulgation  of 
the  constitution  in  1812,  down  to 
the  present  period. 

I  write  tJiis  from  recollection ; 
but  I  am  perfectly  certain  that, 


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though  I  may  not  hare  ^ven  in 
eyerj  instance  the  precise  words 
used,  I  have  in  no  way  varied 
from  the  meaning.  Tins  paper 
has  already  been  read  by  genend 
Lagaide  to  the  lung;  and  he  will 
probably  communicate  its  cont^iits 
to  M.  San  Miguel  in  the  course  of 
the- morning.  I  have  the  honour 
tobe,  &c 

(Signed)    William  A'Coubt. 

No.  S2.— Sir  William  A'Court  to 
Mr.    Secretary   Canning.— Re- 
ceived February  22. 
(Extract.)     Madrid,  February  7, 1^23. 
Sir  Charles  Stuart  has  forward- 
ed to  me  your  despatch  to  him,  in- 
closing M.  de  San  Miguel's  note, 
and  a  copy  of  his  despatch  to  you 
of  the  30th  ultimo. 

I  must  await  your  further  in- 
structions, after  the  receipt  of  sir 
Charles  Stuart's  despatch,  announc- 
ing the  manner  in  whkh  this 
overture  has  been  received  by 
France,  before  I  can  venture  to 
advance  any  further.  By  sir 
Charles  Stuart's  account  it  appears, 
that  France  has  neither  quite  ac- 
cepted, nor  quite  declined,  oiu*  in- 
terference; and  M.  de  Chateau- 
briand's statement  of  the  conditions 
necessary  to  the  establishment  of 
amicable  relations  between  the 
two  countries,  is  so  extrepiely 
vague,  that  I  should  really  be  at  a 
loss  to  inform  this  government,  if 
called  upon  to  do  so^  what  are  the 
precis  concessions  which  would 
ensure  the  maintenance  of  peace. 

I  shall,  however,  not  lose  sight 
of  the  amnesty,  but  press  it  by 
every  argument  in  my  power.  I 
have  some  reason  to  b^eve  that 
such  a  measure  will  not  be  opposed 
by  any  party.  One  obiept  is  al- 
ready gained,  viz.  that  of  ihe  shut- 
ting up  of  the  Landaburian  society. 
}f  this  be  followed  up  by  a  general 


amneity,  I  shall  not  yet  deaprirof 
arriving  at  th^t  first  of  object  the 
prevention  of  a  continental  war. 

I  had  written  thus  fiur  when  I 
was  interrupted  by  the  arrival  of 
M.  San  Miguel. 

M;.  San  Miguel  observed,  thst 
with  respect  to  modifications,  thoe 
was  neither  a  man  nor  a  party  in 
Spain  (were  the  ministry  to  be 
changed  a  hundred  times)  wlio 
wouS  venture  to  propose  thor 
adoption,  till  the  time  pmnted  oot 
by  the  constitution ;  and  that,  bd 
any  hopes  been  held  out  to  me  rf 
an  opposite  nature,  I  might  d^ 
pend  upon  it  they  never  would !« 
realized.  M.  San  Miguel's  con- 
versation was  nevertheless  1« 
warlike  than  I  found  it  a  day  « 
two  ago.  He  woidd  not,  he  M 
consider  all  hope  of  negotiation  it 
an  end,  but  still  rely  f<Hr  a  8ucce»- 
ful  issue  from  Che  present  difficul- 
ties, upon  the  friendship  and  good 
offices  of  En^and.  He  was  con- 
vinced that  she  might,  and  tint 
she  would  prevent  a  war. 

I  told  him  that  England  hd 
done,  and  would  continue  to  » 
every  thing  in  her  power  to  pc^ 
vent  matters  firom  coming  to  audi 
extremities ;  but  my  own  oirini<» 
was,  that  war  was  inevitable,  n 
Spain  were  really  determined  to 
admit  of  no  modification  in  off 
present  constitutional  system.  Tw» 
would  not  prevent  our  endeavo^ 
ing  to  avert  such  a  misfortunis  ^ 
every  means  within  our  f^*^ 
short  of  involving  ourselves  in^ 
quairel ;  but  that  I  could  not  w- 
ter  him  with  any  hope  that  our 
efforts  would  be  succe»ful,  »MiIeo 
we  were  enabled  to  hold  out  to 
France,  the  prospect  of  some  otfn- 
cession  on  the  part  of  this  country- 

A  long  and  desultory  conversa- 
tion followed,  which  it  will  be  un- 
necessary to  rq)eat;  in  the  coujse 


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of  whidi>  M.  San  Miguel  put  very 
pzominently  forward^  the,  evident 
acknowledgment  of  the  intention 
to  establish  a  ponnanent  French 
interest  in  Spain^  contained  in  oer^ 
tain  passages  of  the  king  of 
France's  speech  to  the  chamb^ 

No.  SS — Sir  Charles  Stuart  to 
Mr.  Secretary  Canning.^Re* 
ceived  February  23. 

(Extract)  Paris,  February  21, 1823. 
M.  de  Chateaubriand  said,  that 
he  had  turned  over  the  subject  in 
his  own  nund,  with  a  view  to  de- 
cide upon  what  terms  it  might  be 
possible  to  meet  the  proposak  they 
might  receive — and  though  he 
coiHd  not  state  the  result  of  his  re- 
flexions to  be  the  expression  of  the 
sentiments  of  the  French  govern* 
ment, — yet  he  thought  the  subject 
might  be  taken  into  consideration, 
if  tlie  jBpanish  negotiators  should 
enpige  at  a  future  period,  to  mo- 
dify th^  constitution ;  and,  m  the 
Knean  while,  prove  their  good  faith 
by  restoring  the  king  to  his  phy- 
qual  liberty,  and  allowing  him  to 
frequent  the  sUios,  and  to  go  to 
watering  places;  l^  a  eenarid  am- 
nesty; by  the  estabSshment  of 
laws  to  regulate  thepress— and  by 
a  change  of  ministry ;  but  that  the 
military  preparations  of  the  French 
government  must  continue  without 
mtermission ;  and  that  their  armies 
will  be  ready  to  take  the  field,  if  a 
«liange  in  the  aspect  of  aflfeirs  does 
not  contribute  to  remove  the  pres- 
«ire  and  irritation  which  prevails 
on  both  sides,  before  tiie  season  for 
active  operations  shall  arrive. 

No  34<— Sir  William  A'Court  to 
Mr.  Secretary  Canning.  *— Re- 
ceived March  3. 

extract.)     Madrid,  Feb.  16,  1823. 

The  debate  upon  the  subject  of 

m  removal  of  the  seat  of  govern- 


menty  passed  vff  witlioat  any  dung 
beinff  elicited  from  either  par^> 
wludi  could  give  an  opening  for 
the  discussion  of  t)ie  possibility  of 
an  arrangement  throujdi  the  good 
offices  of  England.  "Die  extriK>r<- 
dinary  Cortes  will  dose  on  the 
19th  instant,  and  the  ordinary 
Cortes  will,  assemble  on  the  fir^ 
day  of  March.  The  question  of 
an  amnesty  for  all  those  who  shall 
lay  down  their  arms  before  the 
entry  of  a  foreign  force,  was  sub- 
sequently brought  forward,  and 
referred  to  a  ccnnmittee.  An  ex- 
tension of  this  limited  amnesty,  I 
am  assiured,  will  be  proposed  by 
the' committee,  and  it  will  be  re- 
commended that  it  should  be  made. 
generaL  If  this  be  done,  ai^  the 
proposal  be  adopted,  it  will  be  a 
very  great  point  gained.  There  is, 
however^  but  little  hope  that  any 
of  those  further  concessions  will  be 
made,  which  would  ensure  an  ami- 
cable arrangement  of  the  difies* 
ences  that  exist  between  this  coun- 
try and  France.,  Besides  which, 
the  putting  forward  by  France  of 
so  extrav9gant  a  proposition,  as  that 
the  king,  restored  to  his  full  and 
absolute  power,  shall  himself  pant 
a  charter  to  the  nation,  has  smgu- 
larly  increased  the  difficulties  of 
the  question.  The  principle  upon 
whidi  this  proposition  is  founded, 
is  one  to  which  it  is  evident  the, 
British  government  can  never 
agree;  and  consequently  if  such 
be  the  sine  qud  rum  cf  France, 
our  intervention  falls  to  the  ground. 

No.'  35.— Sir  William  A'Court  tq 
Mr.  Secretary  Canning.  i«-Be- 
cdved  March  Srd. 

(Extract)     Madrid,  Feb.  18,  1883. 

My  hopes  have  been  grievously 
disappointed  with  respect  to  the 
amnesty ;  which,  I  was  confidently 
assured,  would  embrace  ev^ry  po« 


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Ktical  oflfender.  6ut  neither  hy 
the  cx)nimittee,  nor  in  the  Cortes, 
has  the  sli^test  allusion  been  made 
to  so  general  a  measure^  notwith- 
standing the  hopes  that  were  held 
out.  Ine  amnesty  voted^  is  no- 
thing more  than  an  act  of  pardon 
fi>r  any  "  factious/'  who  may  lay 
down  their  arms  before  the  1st  of 
April;  without  any  retrospective 
operation  in  favour  of  those  already 
in  prison,  or  any  allusion  to  those 
confined  merely  for  political  opi- 
nions. It  is  a  mere  act  of  policy, 
and  by  no  means  an  act  of  grace ; 
lior  can  it  be  expected  to  produce 
that  favouralde  effect  in  France, 
which  might  have  been  insured  by 
a  more  general  measure. — A  re- 
port was  circulated  a  few  days 
fflnce,  that  the  king,  with  the  con- 
currence of  the  council  of  state, 
had  determined  upon  a  change  of 
ministers:  —  from  the  variety  of 
quarters  from  whence  this  report 
reached  me,  I  was  inclined  to  be- 
lieve that  it  was  not  without  some 
foundation,  and  that  his  majesty's 
intention  was,  to  have  requested 
the  couttdl  of  state  to  clu>ose  a 
new  ministry  for  him,  selected  from 
their  own  body.  Alarmed  by  the 
reports  in  circulation,  the  ministers 
obtained  from  the  Cortes  thismom- 
ing,  the  repeal  of  the  decree  au- 
tiioriang  the  employment  of  coun- 
dUors  xA  state,  with  the  exception 
45f  those  already  employed.— The 
repeal  of  this  decree,  though  it 
nwy  not  prevent  a  change  ot  mi- 
nisters, enectually  puts  an  end  to 
the  adnnnistration  which  it  was 
proposed  to  form. 

No.  38.  —  Sir  Charles  Stuart  to 

Mr.  Secretary  Canning. -«- Re. 

eeived  Ma^rch  9* 

(Eztiacrt.)      PaHs,  Marcfa,  6th  18S8. 

I    cannot  help   thinlihg    that 
there  is  in  the  language  of  the 


ministers  a  more  pacific  eobmr,' 
than  I  had  observed  within  tl« 
last  three  weeks ;  for  both  to  ray- 
self,  and  to  all  those  with  whom 
they  converse,  Monsieur  de  Vy]& 
and  Monsieur  de  Chateaubnaad 
express  their  hopes  of  averting  a 
war,  with  a  de^^ee  of  oonfidenae 
which  induced  me  to  observe  to 
the  latter  minister,  that  tbe  in- 
sisting upon  a  direct  negotiatioD 
between  the  duke  d'Angouleme 
and  a  Spanish  prince,  may  be  a 
great  obstacle  to  success.  His  ex- 
cellency answered,  that  although 
this  mode  of  settling  the  question 
had  been  strongly  urged,  he  oooM 
assure  me  the  objects  of  the  ne- 

riation  are  too  important,  not  to 
sought  for  by  tiie  concession,  if 
necessary,  of  this,  or  of  any  oAor 
mere  point  of  form ;  and  that  if 
the  Spanish  government  wiH  em- 
power any  negodator  to  treat,  after 
a  chance  of  ministers  at  Madrid, 
he  shaU  be  able  to  look  fbrwaid 
with  confidence  to  the  oontinuatioD 
of  peace.  I  cannot,  however,  par- 
ticipate in  the  hopes,  which  the 
French  cabinet  found  upon  the  in- 
telligence they  expect  to  receive 
from  Madrid:  I  consider  late 
events  to  be  the  prelude  to  war. 

No.  89 Sir  William  A'Court  to 

Mr.  Secretary  Canning.  —  Re- 
ceived March  13. 

(Eitract.)       Madrid,  F^b.  23, 1833. 

M.  ^  Miguel  caJled  on  me 
this  mti^ming,  for  the  purpose  of 
exchanging  uie  rati^cations  of  the 
articles  req>ecting  the  skve-trade. 
Having  cone  throi^h  that  cere- 
mony, I  mformed  lum  that  I  had 
communications  of  some  import- 
ance to  make  to  him,  which  the 
troubled  state  of  the  capital  fisr  se- 
veral days  past,  and  my  own  con- 
tinued indispotttiDD,  had  prevented 


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me  fiRNn  gbfaattthip  to  bis  eoa- 
ademtiDn  «t  tfn  esriier  period. 

Haying  thus  drawn  his  atten* 
tion  to  what  I  wai  abont  to  say^ 
I  produced  your  despatdi  of  the 
9th  February^  and  an  extract  from 
m  Cfaaflos  Stuarfs  despatch  to  you 
of  the  lOdi  February ;  and  pro- 
ceeded to  read  to  him  thoae  parts 
cf  each,  which  I  thought  the  most 
calculated  to  produce  a  favourable 
eSect,  accompanying  my  reading 
with  such  remarks  as  the  nature 
of  the  communication  required. 

M.  de  San  Miguel  listened  with 
the  greatest  attention ;  but  as  soon 
as  I  had  concluded^  observed^  that 
the  Biitidi  government  was  la- 
bouring under  a  delusion^  in  sup- 
poBinff  any  §an  of  modification 
posdue.  It  would  be  a  much 
easier  thing  to  overturn  ^e  whde 
constitutional  system^  and  to  re^ 
estabHsh  absohite  de^tism^  than 
to  concede  even  the  most  insiffni- 
fic&nt  of  t&e  points  which  had 
been  pdnted  out  as  the  most  likely 
to  conciliate. 

He  was  ftilly  aware  that  £ng-« 

knd  asked  no  modifications  on  her 

owti  account.     He  knew  that  we 

wished  to  preserve  to  Spain  her 

constitutional    system;    that  our 

only  object  in  trying  to  engage 

her  to  yield  upon  certahi  pcmits, 

was  the  conviction  that  if  a  War 

did  break  out,  we  must  be,  sooner 

or  later,  involved  in  it  ourselves. 

He  knev/  very  well  that  we  should 

not  declare  in  feivmir  of  Spain  at 

fim;    btit  nobody  eould  be   to 

li^d  as  not  to  see,  thilt,  if  the  War 

wa^  pvofracted,  and  G&ief  powers 

took  part  in  it^  England  Akme 

<^MM  not  remain  a  passive  speo- 

Mor  of  what  might  be  its  results. 

No.  40.— Sir  Wmam  A'Court  to 
Mr.  Secretary  Canning.-^ Re* 
reived  March  16. 


(Eitiact.)     Madrid,  Mafohd^lStt. 

A  Spanish  gentleman  at  Paris 

has  wntten  fitmi  Paris  to  — — 

■  ■■  •,  that  the  French  govern- 
ment has  dedared  that  it  will 
suspend  hostilities  if  a  general 
amnesty  be  mnted,  a  veibal  pro^ 
mise  of  mooofications  hereafW  be 
given,  a  change  of  ministers  take 
place,  and  the  king  be  permitted 
to  go  to  the  waters  of  Sacedon* 
That  the  negotiation  must  be  caiw 
ried  on  at  Paris  through  the  me^ 
diation  of  the  British  ambassador; 

■  quotes  sir  Charles 
Stuart  as  his  authority,  and  refers 
his  friends  to  me  for  further  m- 
fcrttnation.  Now  I  have  heard 
nothine  ham  sir  Charles  Stuart 
since  the  SO^  ult  when  he  still 
referred  me  to  his  despatch  to  you 
of  the  10th  of  February,  as  con^ 
taining  the  final  determination  of 
the  French  government.  That  de- 
termination IS  very  widely  difierent 
from  the  arrangement  alluded  to 

Na  41.— Sir  William  A'Court  t0 
Mr.  Secretary  Cannin^# — Re^ 
oeived  March  18th  at  night 

(Extract.)      Madrid,  March  9, 1823. 

1  saw  M.  de  San  Miguel  this 
morning,  and,  to  my  great  asto- 
nishment, he  asked  me  what  were- 
the  precise  conditions  required  by 
France,  in  case  any  questions 
should  be  asked  him  in  Cortes.  I 
repeated  to  him  the  conditions 
stated  in  sir  Charles  Stuart's  des- 
patch (^  the  10th  February,  and 
those  (hardly  to  be  considered 
offidal)  contained  in  the  same  am- 
bassador's despatch  of  the  21st 
February;*  and,  according  to  his 
request,  I  sent  him,  upon  my  re- 

•  See  No.  33,  a  copy  of  which  was 
received  by  sir  William  A'Court,  sub- 
aetpttntly  to  his  leUer  of  the  5th  M arch* 


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torn  home,  an  extxact  firom  the 
despatch  of  the  10th  Februaxj. 
What  is  in  agitation  I  know  not 
-—He  told  me  he  should  saj  no- 
thing upon  the  subject^  unless 
called  upon  by  the  Cortes;  and 
that  if  any  negotiations  were  en- 
tered into,  he  would  not  be  the 
person  to  negotiate.  I  should  only 
mislead  you  if  I  were  to  attempt 
to  give  any  explanation  of  this 
singiilar  conversation. 

No.  43. — ^Mr.  Secretary  Canning 
to  Sir  Charles  Stuart 

Foreign  Office,  March  31, 18S3. 

Sir  ^-xThe  hopes  of  an  aooom- 
modation  between  France  and 
Spain,  which  his  majesty  has  so 
long  been  enjDouraged  to  cherish, 
.  in  despite  of  all  umiavourable  ap- 
pearances, being  now  unhappily 
extinguished,  I  am  commanded  l^ 
bis  majesty  to  address  to  your  ex- 
cellency, for  the  purpose  of  being 
communicated  to  the  French  mi- 
nister, the  followii^  explanation 
of  the  sentiments  of  your  govern- 
ment upon  the  present  posture  of 
affidrs  between  those  two  king- 
doms. 

The  king  has  exhausted  his 
endeavours  to  preserve  the  peace 
of  Europe. 

The  question  of  an  interference 
in  the  internal  concerns  of  Spain, 
on  account  of  the  troubles  and  dis- 
tractions which  have  for  some  time 
prevailed  in  that  Idngdom,  wasnot 
one  on  which  his  maiesty  could, 
for  himself,  entertain  a  moment's 
hesitation.  If  his  majesty's  ple- 
nipotentiary at  Verona  did  not  de- 
dme  taking  part  in  the  delibera- 
tions of  the  allied  cabinets  upon 
that  question,  it  was  because  his 
majesty  owed  to  his  allies,  upon 
that,  as  upon  every  other  subject, 
a^  sincere  declaration  of  his  opi- 
nions;  and  because  he  hoped  that 


a  firiendly  and  unreiened  i 
nicatini  mig^t  tend  to  the] 
vatiook  of  general  peace. 

The  nature  of  uieapprdieo 
which  had  induced  the-  kii^  «f 
France  to  assemble  an  aniy,  with- 
in his  own  frontier,  upon  the 
borders  of  Sfean,  had  been  indi- 
oated,  in  the  first  instance,  by  the 
designation  of  the  ^'  Cordon  Sani- 
taixe."  Hie  change  of  that  desig- 
nation to  that  of  an  ''  Axmy  cL 
Observation"  (which  topk  place  in 
the  month  of  S^itembctr  Uat\  did 
not  appear  to  his  mijestf  to  imply 
more,  than  that  of  the  defienstie 
system  originally  opposed  to  the 
contagion  of  physical  disease  would 
be  continued  against  the  possiUe 
inconveniences,  moral  or  pfiHticsJ, 
which  mi^t  arise  to  Franoe,  froai 
a  civil  contest  raging  in  a  eoonti^ 
separated  from  tiie  French  tifga^ 
tory  only  by  a  conventioinal  luoerf 
demarcation.  The  dangen  natu- 
rally incident  to  an  onrestiained 
intercourse  between  two  oouatm 
so  situated  towards  each  other; 
the  dangers  of  political  intrigue, 
or  of  occasional  violation  of  iAA» 
%ory,  might  sufficiently  justify  pte* 
parations  of  miHtaiy  dflfence. 

Sudi  was  the  state  of  thin^ 
between  France  and  Spain  at  t& 
opening  of  the  congress  at  Verooa^ 
The  propositions  brouf^t  fbrwaid 
by  the  Frendi  plenipotentiary  in 
the  conferences  of  the  allied  ca« 
binets^  were  founded  on  this  state 
of  things.  Those  propositioina  did 
not  relate  to  any  project  a£  carry- 
ing an  attack  into  the  heart  of  Aa 
{^[lanish  monarchy,  but  were  in  Ae 
nature  of  inquiries:  1st,  What 
countenance  France  mi^^  expect 
to  receive  from  the  allies,  if  she 
should  find  herself  under  the  ne- 
cessity of  breaking  off  diplmnatir^ 
intercourse  with  the  court  of 
Madrid?    and,  2ndly«  What  as- 


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PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS.       141* 


nftanoe,  in  nipposed  cases  of  out* 
lage  to  be  commilted^  or  of  vio- 
lence to  be  meaacedf  by  Spain? 
These  cases  were  aU  contingent 
and  precautionary.  The  answers 
of  ^e  thzee  continental  powers 
were  of  a  oenei^wndent  character. 
Tlie  result  of  the  discussions  at 
Verona,  was  a  determination  of 
his  mi^esty's  allies,  the  en^ierors 
of  Austria  and  Russia  and^the 
.kbg  of  F^russia :— -1st.  To  make 
bu»ra  to  the  cabinet  of  Madrid, 
thcougbi  their  respective  ministers 
at  tlmt  &mxt,  their  sentiments 
upon  ^16  necessity  (^  a  change  in 
the  present  system  of  the  Spanish 
•government;  and,  in  the  event  of 
an  unsatisfactory  answer  to  that 
communication,  to  recall  their  re- 
spective ministers;  and  to  break 
off  all  diplomatic  intercourse  with 
I^Mun  :*-2ndly.  To  make  common 
cause  with  France  against  Spain, 
in  certain  roedfied  cases ;  cases,  as 
has  been  dready  observed,  alto« 
giether  contingent  and  precan- 
tionary. 

•  His  majesty's  plenipotentiary 
declined  concurring  in  these  mes^ 
sures;  not  only  because  he  was 
unauthorized  to  pledge  the  faith 
of  his  government  to  any  hypothe- 
tical engagement,  but  because,  his 
government  had^  from  the  month 
of  April,  1820,  uniformly  recom- 
mended to  the  powers  of  the  alli- 
Aiu^  to  abstain  from  all  inter- 
^^ce  in  the  internal  affidrs  of 
%aia ;  and  because,  bavins  been 
™ni  ^  same  period,  entirdy  un^ 
.^uainted  widi  wlu^ver  trans- 
^^^  might  have  taken  jdaoe 
between  France  and  Spain,  his  go- 
vernment could  not  juc^  on  what 
^unds  the  cabinet  of  the  Tuille- 
^  meditated  a  possible  discon- 
touance  of  diplomatic  relati^ms 
with  the  court  of  Madrid;  or  on 
^"at- grounds  they  apprehended 


an  oocurrenoe,  apparently  so  iqw 
probable,  as 'a  commencement  of 
hostilities  against  France  by  Spain. 

No  proof  was  produced  to  his 
majesty's  plenipotentiary  of  the 
existence  of  any  design  on  die  part 
of  the  Spanish  government,  to  in- 
vade the  territory  of  France ;  of 
any  attempt  to  introduce  ^disi^ON 
tion  among  her  soldiery;  or  of 
any  project  to  undermine  her  po< 
litiad  institutions :  and  so  kmg^  as 
the  struggles  and  disturbances  of 
Spain  u^uld  be  confined  within 
the  circle  of  her  own  territory^ 
they  could  not  be  admitted  by  the 
British  government  to  a£R>rd  any 
plea  for  foreign  interference.  If 
the  end  of  the  last  and  the  begb"* 
ning  of  the  present  century  saw  all 
Europe  combined  against  France^ 
it  was  not  on  account  of  the  in^ 
temal  changes  which  France 
thoueht  necessaiy  for  her  own  po- 
litico and  civil  reformation ;  but 
because  she  attempted  to  propa* 
gate,  first  her  principles,  and 
afterwards  her  diHninion,  by  Uie 
sword. 

Impossible  as  it  was  fmr  his  ma- 
jesty to  be  party  to  the  measures  - 
concerted  at  Verona  with  respect 
Ip  Spain,  his  majesty's  j^ni^ 
tentiary  declared,  that  the  British 
government  could  only  endeavour 
through  his  msnesty's  minister  ai^ 
the  court  of  Uie  Catholic  king, 
"  to  allay  the  ferment  which  those 
measures  might  occasion  at  Ma- 
drid, and  to  do  all  the  good  in  his 
power." 

Up  to  this  period  no  communi- 
cation had  taken  place  between  his 
majesty  and  the  court  of  Madrid, 
as  to  the  discussions  at  Verona.  But 
about  the  time  of  the  arrival  of  his 
niajesty's  plenipotentiary,  on  his  re- 
turn from  Verona,  at  Paris,  Spain 
expressed  a  desire  for  the  *'  firiendly 
interposition'!  of  his  majesty,   tQ 


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142*    ANNUAL  REGISTER,    1823^ 


avert  the  calamities  of  war.  Spain 
distinctly  limited  this  desire  to  the 
employment  of  such  '^  good  offices," 
on  the  part  of  Great  Britain^  as 
would  not  be  inconsistent  with 
^'  the  most  strictly-conceiyed  sys- 
tem of  neutrality/'  Nor  has  any 
period  occurred,  throughout  the 
whole  of  the  intercourse  of  the 
British  government  with  Spein^ 
at  which  the  Spanish  government 
has  been  for  one  moment  led,  by 
that  of  Great  Britain,  to  believe 
that  the  policy  of  his  majesty,  in 
a  contest  between  France  and 
Spain,  would  be  other  than  neu- 
traL 

In  pursuance  of  this  request, 
and  of  his  previous  declaration  at 
Verona,  his  majesty's  plenipoten- 
tiary received  instructions  at  Paris, 
-to  make  to  the  French  government 
the  offer  of  his  majesi^s  media- 
tion. In  making  this  offer,  the 
British  govemm^it  depreoBited, 
-fiom  motives  of  expediency  as 
well  as  fixmi  considerations  of 
justice  the  employment  towards 
Spain  of  a  language  of  reproach 
or  of  intimidation.  They  repre- 
lentod  as  matter  of  no  light  mo« 
ment,  the  first  breach,  by  what- 
ever power,  of  that  eeneral  pacific 
settlement  which  had  been  so  re- 
cently established,  and  at  the  cost 
of  so  many  sufferings  and  sacrifices 
to  all  nations.  Nor  did  they  dis- 
guise from  the  French  govern- 
ment, the  anxiety  with  which 
>they  looked  forward  to  all  the  pofr- 
sible  *  issues  of  a  new  war  in 
Eun^  if  once  begun. 

In  addition  to  suggestions  such 
as  these,  the  British  government 
endeavoured  to  learn  from  the  ca- 
binet of  the  Tuilleries,  the  nature 
and  amount  of  the  specific  sriev- 
Imces,  of  which  his  most  Chnslian 
majesty  complained  against  Spain ; 
iMid  of  juch  specific  measures  of 


redress  or  ooncilisuoB  on  the  pait 
of  Spain,  as  would  arrest  the  pm- 
gress  of  his  most  Christian  majesty's 
warlike  mtqparatioas. 

The  French  government  d<>- 
cHned  the  formal  medio^on  of  h^ 
majesty;  allying,  in  subatance, 
thi^  the  necessity  of  its  warfike 
preparations  was  founded,  not  so 
much  upon  any  direct  cause  of  ooB- 
I^aint  against  Spain,  whicb  mi^ 
be  susceptible  of  accurate  sptath 
cation  and  of  practical  adjustaieat, 
as  upon  the  general  position  in 
which  the  two  kingdoms  (btmd 
themselves  jdaoed  towarda  each 
other;  upon  the  effect  whidi  sD 
that  was  passing  and  had  been  ftr 
some  time  passmg  in  ^^ain,  pro- 
duced upon  the  peace  and  trsa- 
quilHty  of  his  most  ChrisliBB 
majesty's  dominions;  imm  ^ 
burthensomeness  of  that  defensive 
armament  which  France  had 
thought  herself  oUiged  to  estildiA 
on  her  frontier  towuds  Spain,  and 
which  it  was  al&e  xnconvenient  ts 
her  to  maintain,  or,  without  some 
change  of  circumstances  which 
would  justify  such  change  of 
counsel,  to  withdraw  ;  upon  a  state 
of  things,  in  short,  whiidi  it  wss 
easier  to  understand  than  to  define  ; 
but  which,  taken  altogether,  was 
so  intolerable  to  France,  that  opea 
hostiHi^  would  be  fieur  prefercUe  to 
it.  War  would,  at  least,  have  s 
tendency  to  some  conclusion; 
whereas  the  existing  state  of  the 
relations  between  France  and  Spain 
might  continue  for  an  xndefodte 
tune;  increasing  everyday ^le  dini* 
ctthies  of  Spain,  and  propi^thi^ 
disquietude  and  aknn  throughout 
die  French  army  and  nation. 

But  although  his  most  Christiaa 
majesty's  government  decfined,  ott 
these  grounds,  a  fiDmalmedkdoa, 
they  professed  an  earnest  desire  fbr 
peace,  end  accepted  his  majestjrli 


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PUBLIC    DOCUMENTSv      143* 


''  good  offices"  wkh  Spain  for  that 
object. 

Contemplatiii^  all  the  muohiefs 
wliich  war  might  inffict  upon 
France^  and  thxmigh  France  ulti- 
mately  perhaps  upon  all  Europe ; 
and  which  it  must  inflict^  nic»e  im- 
mediately and  ineyitablyy  upon 
Spain,  whose  internal  animosities 
and  agitations  a  foreign  war  could 
not  hut  exasperate  and  prolong — 
the  British  govemm^it  was  de^y 
impressed  with  the  necessity  ii 
peace  for  both  kined^mis ;  and  le- 
solved,  thereforey  ^/^ther  inyested 
or  not  with  the  formal  character 
of  mediator,  to  make  erery  effort 
^d  td.  avttl  itself  of  every  chance, 
for  the  prevention  of  hostilities^ 
The  question  was  now  become  a 
questum  simply  and  entirely  be- 
tween Spain  and  France ;  and  the 
practical  pmnt  of  inquiry  was  not 
so  much  how  the  relations  of  those 
Iwo  gov emm^Dits  had  been  brought 
into  their  present  awkward  compli- 
cation ;  as  how  that  complicadon 
pould  be  solved,  without  recourse 
to  arms,  and  an  amicaUe  adjust- 
ment produced,  through  mutual 
explanation  and  concession. 

Nothing  could  have  induced  his 
majesty  to  suggest  to  the  Spanish 
kiation  a  revision  of  its  political 
institutions,  as  the  price  of  his 
m^esty's  fifiendahip.  But  Spa- 
niards, of  aU  parties  and  descrip- 
tions,  admitted  some  modifications 
c^  ^  constitution  of  1812,  to  be 
indisp^isably  necessary :  and  if  in 
such  acrisis  as  that  in  which  Spain 
now  found  herself— -distracted  at 
onee  by  the  miseries  of  civil  war, 
and  by  the  apprehension  of  foreign 
invasion — the  adoption  of  modifid^ 
tions,  80  admitted  to  be  desirable  in 


eom|K>Bing  her  internal  dissensions, 
and  might  at  the  same  time  famish 
to  the  French  government  a  motive 


for  withdrawing  from  the  mena- 
cing position  wmch  it  had  assumed 
towards  Spain ;  the  British  govern- 
ment felt  that  no  scruple  of  de- 
licacy, or  fear  of  misconstruction, 
ought  to  restrain  them  from 
mvowing  an  earnest  wish,  that 
the  Spaniards  could  prevail  upon 
themselves  to  consider  of  such 
modifications,  or,  at  least,  to  de- 
dnre  their  di^osition  to  consider 
of  them  herea&er. 

It  is  useless  now  to  discuss  what 
might  have  been  the  result  of  his 
majesty's  anxious  endeavours  to 
bring  about  an  accommodation  be- 
tween France  and  Spain,  if  nothing 
had  occurred  to  interrupt  their 
pn^;re8S.  Whatever  might  be  the 
mdispositkm  of  the  Spanish  go- 
vernment to  take  the  first  step 
towards  such  an  accommodation, 
it  cannot  be  disguised  that  the 
principles  avowed,  and  the  g'eten-- 
sions  put  forward  by  t^  French 
government,  in  *the  speech  from 
the  throne  at  the  opening  of  the 
ehombers  at  Paris,  created  new 
obstacles  to  the  success  of  friendly 
intervention.  The  communication 
of  that  speech  to  the  British  g<K 
vemment  was  accompanied,  indeed^ 
with  renewed  assurances  of  ih» 
pacific  disposition  of  France ;  and 
the  French  ministers  adopted  a 
construction  of  the  passage  most 
likely  to  create  an  unfavourable- 
impreanon  in  Spain,  whichstripped 
it  of  a  part  of  its  objectionable 
character.  But  all  the  attempts  of 
the  British  government  to  give- 
effect  at  Madrid  to  such  assurances 
and  en^banations,  proved  unavail- 
ing. The  hopes  of  success  became 
gradually  fidnter:  and  have  now 
vanished  altogether. 

It  remains  only  to  describe  the 
conduct  which  it  is  his  majesty's 
desire  and  intention  to  observe,  in 
a  conflict  between  two  nations,  to 


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144*    ANNUAL    REGISTER,   1823. 


eacli  of  whom  \As  majesty  is  bound 
by  the  ties  of  amity  and  alliance. 

The  repeated  disavowal^  by  his 
most  Christian  majesty's  govern- 
ment>  of  all  views  of  ambition 
and  aggrandizement,  fbrlnds  the 
suspicion  of  any  design  on  the 
fMut  of  France,  to  establish  a 
permanent  military  occupation  of 
Spain;  or  to  force  his  Catholic 
majesly  into  any  measures  dero- 
gatory to  the  independence  of  his 
crown,  or  to  his  existing  relations 
with  other  powers. 

The  repeated  assurances  which 
his  majesty  has  received,  of  the 
detennmation  of  France  to  respect 
the  dominions  of  his  most  faitiiful 
viBjesty,  relieve  his  majesty  from 
any  apprehension  of  being  called 
upon  to  fulfil  the  obligations  of 
that  intimate  defensive  connesdon, 
which  has  so  long  subsisted  be- 
tween the  crowns  of  Great  Britain 
and  Portugal. 

With  respect  to  the  provinces  in 
America,  which  have  thrown  off 
their  all^ianoe  to  the  crovm  of 
Spain,  time  and  the  course  of 
events  appear  to  have  substantially 
decided  their  separation  from  the 
mother  country,  although  the 
formal  recognition  of  those  pro- 
vinces^ as  independent  states,  by 
his  msjesty,  may  be  hasten^  or 
retarded  by  various  external  cir- 
cumstances, as  well  as  by  the 
more  or  less  satisfactory  progress, 
in  each  state,  towards  a  regular 
and  settled  form  of  goyemment. 
Spain  has  long  been  apprised  of 
his  majesty's  opinions  upon  this 
sulgect  Disclaiming  in  the  most 
solemn  manner  any  intention  of 
appropriating  to  himself  the 
smallest  portion  of  the  late  Spanish 
possessions  in  America.  His  ma- 
jesty is  satisfied  that  no  attempt 
will  be  made  by  France,  to  bring 
under  her  dominion  any  of  those 


possessions,  either  by  conquest  or 
hy  cession,  from  Spain. 

This  fhtnk  explanation  upon  the 
points  on  which  p^haps  alone  die 
possibility  of  any  collision  of 
France  wit^  Great  Britain  can  be 
apprehended  in  a  war  between 
France  and  Spain,  yoor  excellency 
will  represent  to  M.  de  Cholieaa- 
briand,  as  dictated  by  an  eanicit 
desire  to  be  emlded  to  fveserve,  in 
that  war,  a  strict  and  undeviating 
neutrality;  a  neutrality  not  Uabfe 
to  alteration  towards  either  party, 
so  long  as  the  honour  and  just  in- 
terests of  Great  Britain  are  eqnaDy 
respected  by  both. 

I  am  commanded,  in  condunon, 
to  direct  your  exoellenoy  to  dedaie 
to  the  French  minister,  that  Im 
majesty  will  be  at  all  times  itaitf 
to  renew  the  interpodtion  o£  laa 
good  offices,  for  the  puipoae  of  ter- 
minating tlu)6eho8tilitie8,  whidi  his 
majesty  nas  so  anxiously,  aldioug^ 
indfectually,  endeavotored  to  aveit. 
I  am.  &c 

(Signed)     Gbobob  CAKNnra: 

(Translation.),  Memorandum  rela- 
tive to  the  conduct  of  Spain; 
communicated  by  M.  de  Jshat 
to  Mr.  Secretary  Canning,  on 
the  18th  February,  1823. 

If  proofs  of  the  moderation  of 
Spain,  and  of  the  little  foundation 
vnth  which  she  is  accused  of 
following  the  system  of  propa- 
gating her  political  principles,  be 
requ^ed — ^fa^  axe  three  undeni- 
able facts :  The  junta  of  Oporto^ 
amdies  in  1820  for^Spanish  troops; 
refused  :-»^The  government  oi  Na- 
ples, in  the  beginning  of  1821, 
makes  tlie  same  request ;  refused : 
— In  1822,  on  the  a|mlication  of 
France,  the  French  renigees,  cap- 
tain Nantil,  &c.  were  made  to  re- 
retire  ,30.  leagues  into  the  counuy. 


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PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS.       14«« 


&«•  and  t&  aelf-named  regenc7 
were  oiganuiDff  bands  of  the  faith 
at  Bajonne  and  Perpignan. 

In  18S2  we  dedmed  tlie  servioes 
of  three  French  regiments  of  the; 
Axmf  of  Observation.  Up  to  this 
da7fnoFrenchsoldierprpeasantcan . 
be  cited  whom  we  have  seduced, 
arnied^  nsai,  and  thrust  into  tlie 
boioiii  of  his  eoqntry  to  devastate 
it»  We  have  not  raised  the  tri"i 
colour  flag ;  we  have  not  refused 
to  publish  a  generous  and  salutary 
amnesty;  we  have  not  invited  to 
evening  assemblies  of  etiquette 
French  outlaws  and  conspirators; 
we  have  not  tolmted  that  an 
individual  at  Madrid  should  invest 
himself  publicly  with  the  title  of 
charg^  d  a&ires  of  the  regency  of 
France^  whilst  his  excellency.  M. 
de  liaj0urda  was  ambassador  of  his 
most  Christian  majesty^at  the  eourt 
of  his  Catholic  majes^.  In  fine, 
we  have  done  nothing  (for  these 
nj^^ve  proofs  might  form  too 
diffiise  a  catalogue)— we  have  done 
nothing  against  the.  French  of 
those  things  which  the  Frendh 
(that  is  to  say  the  French  govern^ 
ment)  have  done  against  us;  and 
we  have  done  for  the  governments 
whidi  excommunicate  us,  what 
none  of  them  have  done  for  u» 

If  there  be  any  question  of  ver« 
hal  or  written  disavowals,  England 
has  received  the  most  solemn  dk- 
avowals  on  the  subject  of  Portu* 
sal;  Austria  on  the  subject  of 
Ita^}  and  Europe,  espieaally  in 
te  mememble  sitting  of  the  11th 
Jsnoary  IMS,  has  heard  the 
yqxeseiilaiifes  of  Spain  dcdwe, 
i&  appealing  for  the  truth  of  it  to 
the  history  of  what  passed  fiom 
1808  to  1814,  and  from  1820  to 
1828,  both,  Ist-  That  their  coirn* 
^  win  never  intarfere  vnth  the 
ntternal  afl&irs  of  other  powers; 

Vol.  LXV, 


aaS  2ndly.' That  ntidiAr  Will  ah* 
oenaent  to  the  scandaloui  didalioft 
which  it  is  wished  to  iaqpoM  upui 
he& 

^  Fnaitoa* 

Mr.  Secretary   Canning  to  Silf 
Charles  Stuart. 

(Extract) 
ForeigiM)ffio#,  Mar#  31/  1883. 

The  article,  of  which  1  ellcU»# 
a  copy,  b  contained  in  the  treaty 
between  his  nuyesty  and  the  king 
of  Spun  of  1814;,  but  has  flevec 
been  pubHshed.  It  was  originally 
a  secret  article,  but  his  majes^ 
havinc  declined  agreeing  to  it  as 
such  (from  the  opinion  that  h 
ought  to  be  commutiicated  to  hia 
m^jesty'a  allies),  its  title  was 
dianged  fhmt  tluAt  of  a  secret  to  a 
separate  article.  It  formed  part 
of  the  treaty  communicated  to  the 
court  of  France  in  1814,  by  the 
duke  of  Wellington,  then  his 
majesty's  ambassraor  at  Paris;  but 
itt  was  omitted  in  the  copy  of  the 
treaty  laid  before  parliament,  at 
the  expresi  desife  of  the  French 
government,  signified  by  the  prince 
de  Talleyrand,  then  minister  for 
foreign  amLirs. 

M.  de  Chateaubriand  wiS,  I 
have  no  doubt,  at  once  4icknow- 
ledge  that  such  an  act  of  compli« 
ance  with  the  wishes  of  the  French 
government,  enhances  his  nuyesty'a 
daim  upon  Prance,  to  respect  we 
solemn  obligation  of  this  article. 

Your  exc^lem^  will  particular- 
ly remark  toM.ae  Chateaubriand^ 
^t  the  treaty  of  1814,  was  not 
negociated  till  aflter  our  army  had 
heea  withdrawn  from  Spain. 

(Indoaure  in  No*  1.)    Sepatat* 
article. 

His  Catholic  majesty  engages, 
not  to  enter  into  any  treaty  or  en« 
ga^meut  vrith   France   of   the 

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146*     A17NUAL  REGISTER,   1833. 


xttturd*  of  that  known  vmSia  the 
denomination  of  the  ftunily  com- 
pact^ nor  any  other  whic^  may 
affect  the  independence  of  Spain, 
which  may  he  injuxious  to  the 
interesta  of  his  Bntannic  nujesty, 
or  may  he  contrary  to  the  strict 
alliance  which  is  stipulated  hy  the 
present  treaty. 

The  present  separate  article 
shall  form  an  integral  part  of  the 
treaty  of  friendsmp  and  alliance 
signed  on  the  fifth  day  of  July, 
sad  diall  have  the  same  force  and 
validity  as  if  it  was  inserted^ 
word  for  word,  and  shall  he  rati- 
fied, and  the  ratifications  shall  he 
exchanged  within  forty  days,  or 
sooner  if  possihle. 

In  witness  whereof,  we,  the 
undersigned  plenipotentiaries,  have 
signed,  in  virtue  of  our  respective 
fiul  powers,  the  present  separate 
article,  and  sealed  it  with  the  seals 
of  our  ann&  Done  at  Madrid, 
this  5th  day  of  July,  1814. 

(L.S.)  M.ElDuqusDsSan 
Cablos. 

(L.  S.)  H.  Wellbsley- 

Sir  Charles  Stuart  to  Mr.  Secre- 
tary Canning.— -Received  April 

la 

.  (Extract.)  Paris^  April  7,  1823. 

M.  de  Chateauhriand  assured  me, 
that  the  French  government  are 
quite  resolved  to  reroect  the  obli- 
gations of  the  article  whidi  I 
communicate  to  him. 

P0R1>V0AL. 

Mr.  Secretary  Canning    to    Sir 
Charles  Stuart. 

(Elf tract.)  Foreign-office,  Dec.  3, 1822. 
Your  excellency  will  take  an 
.  opportunity  of  obtaining  from  M. 
die  Vill^le  some  information  re- 
s|>ecting  the  nature  of  the  recent 
communications  between  the 
French  and  the  Portuguese  govern- 
mehts.' 


Sir  Charles  Stuart  to  Bfr.  Seen* 
tary  Canning.^— Beoeived  Dec 
15. 

(Extract.)  Fans,  Dec  12, 1822. 

In  answer  to  the  inquiries  I 
have  been  authorized  to  bringfo- 
ward,  respecting  the  nature  of  the 
communications  wfaidi  have  takea 
place  between  this  govemmenft 
and  the  court  of  Portugil,  the 
duke  Mathieu  de  Montnunency 
has  shown  me  the  eorrespondenoe 
of  the  French  ministen  with  M. 
deLesseps. 

It  appears  from  this 
dence,  that  M.  Oliveira,  tlie 
tuguese  charg^-d'afiaixes  at  tint 
court,  called  upon  M.  de  Vili^  m 
the  course  of  the  summer,  for  the 
purpose  of  repi^esentans  tlie  anx- 
iety to  which  the  assembling  of  a 
French  force  on  the  Pyrenees  htd 
given  rise  at  Lisbon,  and  of  ex- 
pressing a  hope  that  his  excellency 
would  give  him  a  frill  explanation 
of  the  views  entertained  by  the 
French  government,  with  reelect 
to  Portugal  M.  de  VilUle  as- 
sured him,  that  nothing  couU 
warrant  any  feelinff  of  uneaaineg 
on  the  part  of  the  Portuguese 
government;  that  the  distance  of 
that  country  had  not  permitted  him 
to  ccmtemplate  the  possible  eftety 
which  the  concentration  of  troops 
in  France  could  produce  upon  a 
nation,  with  whose  institutions  or 
government  the  French  ministeri 
could  have  no  desire  to  interfere. 

(Translation)  The  Vieomte  de 
Chateaubriand  to  Uie  Portu- 
guese Charg§  d' Afibires  at  Paris. 
Communics^  by  the  Vioomte 
de  Maroellus  to  Mr.  Secretaiy 
Canning,  Mardi  7, 189S. 

(Extract.) 
The    Portuguese    government 
thinks  fit  to  protest  against  the 


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PUBLIC   DOCUMfiNTSi      l47* 


Sujple  promulgatad  in  thelspeech 
▼md  b^  liis  majesty  on  the 
S8th  of  Januaiy,  at  the  oj^ening 
^  the  pr^ent  session.  The  king 
^  Franee  has  a  right  to  hold  to 
■his  veoffAe  the  languase  which  he 
tibinjcs  proper;  and  it  would  be 
^difficult  to  understand  how  the 
-Portuguese  government  can  talw 
limhrage  at  a  speech  addimsed  to 
the  duties  of  France. 

If  we  French  army  should  be 
obliged  to  enter  Spain>  the  Portu- 
guese charg6-d'affidres  will  be  at 
perfect  lib^y  to  quit  the  French 
territoiyy  in  conformity  to  the 
ordeis  h»  has  ^received  from  his 
eourt. 

If  the  French  goyemment  is 
forced  todedare  war  against  the 
Spanish  government,  it  is  not  to 
support  p^tical  theories^  but  be« 
caus^  her  immediate  safety  tmd 
hA  essential  interests  are  compro- 
mised l^  the  internal  transactions 
of  Spain.  Fnmce,  not  beinff  in 
the  same  situation  with  regm  td 
Portngal^  sees  no  plausible  motive 
to  induce  the  government  of  his 
most  faithful  majesty,  to  renounce 
the  relations  of  peace  and  friend- 
skip.  France  hones  that  she  shall 
not  have  to  repel  an  unprovoked 
•gffressicm ;  nor  to  maintain  a 
d^nsive  war,  which  would  have 
no  other  foundation  or  pretext  on 
the  part  of  those  who  should 
declare  it,  than  the  promiilgation 
of  a  principle  on  which  the  politi- 
cal law  of  France  is  foundecL 

As  to  future  arrangements  re- 
n>ecting  the  residence  of  consuls, 
the  French  government  sees  no 
occason  to  enter  into  any  arrange- 
ment upon  that  subject,  because  it 
has  never  been  the  intention  of  his 
most  Christian  mafesty  to  recall, 
either  his  charff^d'affaires  or  his 
consuls,  from  ^irtuftaL  He  will 
in  future  adopt  su^  measures  as 


inay  be  consistent  with  his'  d&gpitf. 
The  undersigned.  Sec* 
(Signed)        Chatbaitbriand. 

(Translation.)  M.  de  Chateaubri- 
and to  the  French  Chaigg-d'a£- 
£ures  at  Lisbon.  Communica* 
ted  by  Viscomte  ^arcellus  to 
Mr.  Secretary  Cannings  Fefaro- 
ary3,  1823. 

(Eztiact)      Buriii  January  30, 1838. 

The  letter  which  I  had  the 
honour  of  writing  to  you  on  the 
13th  of  the  present  month,  con- 
firms all  those  which  my  predeces- 
sor had  addressed  to  you,  respect*  , 
ing  the  fnendly  dispositions  of 
France  towards  PortusaL 

You  have  constant^  been  in* 
structed  to  assure  that  government, 
that  our  armaments  were  not  di- 
rected against  Portugal  ;-«that  the 
maintaining  a  body  of  troops  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  Pyrennees  had 
no  other  (^ect  than  to  place  us 
in  a  state  of  defence,  should  our 
territory  or  our  institutions  be 
menaced  by  Spain;  and  should 
the  conduct  of  that  power  render 
a  rupture  unavoidable:— but  that 
we  separated  the  cause  of  Spain 
from  that  of  Portugal,  aoainst 
which  power  we  had  no  com^wunt; 
and  that  we  wished  not  to  see  our 
relations  with  her  interrupted. 

Sir  Charles  Stuart  to  Mr.  Secre- 
tary Canning.— Received  April 

l^iri8,AprU  17,1833. 
Sir;— The  Portuguese  charge 
d'afiaires  at  this  court  hasaddressed 
a  note  tothe  Vicomte  de  Chateau- 
briand, stating,  that,  in  virtue  of 
th^  instructions  he  has  received 
from  his  government,  he  considers 
the  relations  of  amity  between  the 
two  countries  to  have  been  inter- 
rupted, from  the  moment  the 
French  army  crossed  the  frontier 

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%4a^    ANNUAL  RBOIStEKt  1823. 


of  SpfMii  Bad  thftt  henust^  lli«ro- 
ftire/dnuind  liis  i^MTOorts. 

Tlus  oominunicataon  hat  been 
answered  l»7  a  note,  from  M.  de 
Clttteaulffiaiid^  referring  to  bis 
ftnnevdedaradonsy  that  it  is  the 
dMbe  and  intention  of  hw  Most 
Christian  Majesty's  government  to 
condnue  at  peace  with  Portugal; 
that  if,  however,  the  manifestation 
i£  these  firiendlj  sentiments  will 
QQl  iadnoe  Monsieur  da  Sampayo 
to  siu^end  the  exeoutian  cS  his 


ondflnb  untQ  the  Mi^  of  ft  1 
esocQ  to  Lisbon  AaU  be  knows, 
bis  passports  will  be  delitarad  t» 
him;  but  that  tbeFicDdiaBmsfean 
do  not  think  it  naoeasaiy,  on  that 
aocount  to  withdraw  ihe  chmrgjkm 
d'afiiieSf  or  the  conauhur  a^enOk 
who  are  actually  eamloyed  in  Fofr 
tngal  to  maintain  me  oa^vsh^ 
tiona  between  the  two  courts,  I 
have  the  honour  to  be^  ise. 

(Signed)     CaABUsSmiiT 


CONVBNVION  between  Hib  Majssty  amd  ike  Kino  cf  the  Spaimb,  fit 
ike  amicMe  adjustment  ^Cqicplaints  reepecimg  ike  Captuhb  ami 
Dbtkktion  of  British  Vbbsbls  and  Propbbty  by  Spamtk 
AtUkoritiee, 

(Signed  at  Madrid,  March  IS,  ISSfl.) 


His  mi^esty  the  king  of  the 
United  Kingdiom  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ivekna,  and  his  nu^esty  the 
king  of  the  %iains,  equally  ani« 
auited  by  the  desire  of  arriving  at 
an  amieable  adiustment  of  the 
various  oomplamts  which  have 
been  frmn  time  to  time  laid  before 
the  Spanish  government^  of  the 
c^ture  of  voMols,  and  seizure  and 
detention  oi  property  belonging  to 
British  subjects,  by  Spanish  au« 
tborities,  as  well  as  of  other  griev* 
anoea;  their  said  migestiea  have 
been  pleased  to  name  plenipoten- 
tiaries for  the  condudon  of  a  con- 
vention for  the  attainment  of  this 
desirable  purpose,  to  wit:— His 
Britannic  Majesty^,  the  right  ho- 
noiirable  sir  William  A'Court, 
baroneti  kni^t  ^rand  cross  of  the 
Qvdar  of  the  Bath>  one  of  his  mi^es- 
ty's  most  honourable  privy  councLU 
ioA  hii  mvoy  extraordinary  and 
minister  plenipoteutiaiy  to  the 
kinff  q{  the  Spains]  and  his  Ca* 
ibom  Mfnesty,  his  ^cocUency  Daa 
Svariato  de  &m  Miguel,  colonel  of 
i^fwjsffi  «Ai^H«nl»genenil  on  th^. 


staff  of  the  national  annies*  aad 
secretary  of  state  for  the  fimajga 
department;  who,  after  Ittviog 
communicated  their  full  powm^ 
have  agreed  upon  the  fQUowing 
articles:*- 

Article  1.  A  mixed  eommissin^ 
Englij^  and  Spanish,  oonaistinc  sf 
two  members  of  each  nation,  vsO 
be  appointed,  and  meet  in  Loodcn, 
within  ten  weeks  after  the  signa- 
ture of  the  present  convention,  or 
sooner  if  possiUe,  for  the  purpose 
of  taking  into  consideration  ani 
deciding  in  a  summary  manner, 
according  to  equity,  upon  all  cases 
that  shidl  be  brought  before  i^ 
properly  authenticated,  of  the  eq^ 
ture  or  seiaure  of  Briti^  vessels,  or 
detention  of  ]p>perty  belonging  to 
su^ects  of  his  Britannic  Majesty 
from  the  declaration  of  peace  be- 
tween England  and  Spain,  of  tbo 
4th  of  July,  1808,  to  the  date  of 
the  present  convention,  and  alio 
upon  aU  oases  that  shall  be  brous^ 
b^re  it,  of  the  capture  or  aeimrs 
of  Spanish  vessels,  or  detention  of 
property  bek>nging  to  the  sulgects 


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PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS.       140f 


of  Us  OftilioHe  M^jcft^Ti  ^hiring  liif 


S.  Should  any  diffianenoe  <if  opi« 
nion  arise  amooffel  the  memhenof 
ihe  taid  conventSniy  and  thmr  votai 
be  eqtiaily  divided,  a  reforence 
ahaU  then  be  made  to  the  Spanish 
CBYoy  at  ^  comt  d  London,  nod 
ft  ktw  officer  <^  ^e  crown  to  be 
named  by  his  Britanmc  Mi^esiy.. 
If  these  arbitrators  should  abo  be 
divided  in  opmion,  it  shall  be  de- 
termined, by  lot,  which  of  the  two 
ahall  definitively  decide  the  qnes* 
tiotti 

3.  An  assignment  of  40  millions 
at  rials  upon  the  great  bod^,  shall, 
•eecndinff  to  the  decree  of  the 
Cartes,  Immediately  be  made  to 
Ihe  said  commissioners,  for  the 
payment  of  such  indemnifications 
wm  maj  be  awarded  by  the  oommis- 
mans  This  sum  shall  be  increased 
or  diminished,  as  the  decree  points 
out,  according  as  a  greater  or  lesser 
number  of  dums  s&ll  be  admitted 
M  valid,  exceeding,  in  the  one 
ooae,  or  not  amounting  to,  in  the 
other,  the  whole  amount  of  the 
ima  in  the  first  instance  deposited^ 

4.  The  claims  of  Spanish  sub- 
jects whidi  ^U  be  ac&nowled^ 
juat,  shaUbe  paid  by  the  British 
government  either  in  stock,  or  by 
BD  equivalent  in  moo^. 

5.  As  soon  as  the  commianoners 


shall  have  adaiitlad  aav  daim  as 
valid,  ahd  determined  the  anount 
due  to  the  daimant,  they  shall  aa* 
sign  or  transfer,  in  favour  of  sodi 
claimant,  a  portion  of  the  sidd 
rentes  equivalent  to  the  asnolmt 
awarded^  estimating  the  value 
thereof  according  to  the  current 
price  in  London  of  the  said  rrnlaA 
at  the  time  of  making  such  assign* 
ment  or  transfer* 

ft  No  daim  shall  be  admitted 
which  shall  not  be  submitted  to  the 
commission  within  six  months  after 
its  first  meeting. 

7«  A  person  shall  be  named  by 
eadi  government,  for  the  selertion 
and  transmission  of  whatevsr'pa* 
pers  or  documents  it  may  be  necasi 
sary  to  forward  ftmn  Madrid  ibr 
the  connderatioa  of  the  codlsda* 
■ion,  and  to  arrange  the  traaaftr 
of  Uie  rentes,  as  the  respMive 
mnounts  shall  be  awarded. 

In  witness  whereof,  we,  the  un- 
dersigned plenipotentiaries  of  tfieir 
Britannic  and  Catholic  Mi^eslias, 
duly  authorised  by  our  full  powers, 
have  signed  two  origimls  ef  te 
present  convention,  and  have  af- 
fixed thereunto  the  seds  of  omr 
arms,  in  Madrid,  Ais  twelfth  di^ 
of  March,  182d. 

Wn/LUM  A'Cotmi^ 
EvABiavo  Saw  MHKnift. 


(lIs!) 


Sfubcb  of  ike  KiNfl  of  Fjia7«ob,  deiivered  ai  the  Opening  rf  tke 
Seiskm  if  ihe  Tnfo  Chambers,  on  Tueid<y,  Jem*  28. 


GentlemeUi—The  length  of  the 
two  last  sessions,  and  the  short  time 
whidi  th^  have  left  ymi  unoccu* 
Tsied,  wouM  have  made  me  wish  to 
oe  aUe  to  put  off  for  a  abort  time 
the  opening  of  the  present.  But 
theiegukr  vote  of  the  expenditure 
w£  tbe  BlBte  is  as  advantage  of 
which  you  have  fdt  all  ^  i^dne; 


and  in  order  to  preserve  it,  I  have 
counted  upon  tne  same  devotieit 
whidi  were  neecsaary  Ibr  me  10  eb« 
tain  \U 

The  situation  of  the  interfat 
of  the  kin^^bm  is  improved;  the 
administration  of  jeauce,  loyaBy 
esereised  by  the  Jnriea^  wisely  and 
rd^pouaiy  dneelea  vy  uhf  nligiM 


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fflD*    ANNUAL  REGISTER,  t823. 


ttates,  has  put  an  end  to  the  plots 
and  attempto  at  revolt  which  were 
encouraged  by  tha  hope  of  impu-^ 
nity. 

I  hare  concluded  with  the 
Holy  See  those  conventionB  wluch 
weie  necessary  for  the  formation 
of  the  new  dioceses  of  which  the 
law  authorises  the  establishment. 

Every  where  the  churches  will 
be  provided  with  their  pastors; 
and  the  dergy  of  France^  com* 
pletely  organised,  will  bring  upon 
US  the  blessings  di  Providence. 

I  have  provided  by  ordinance^ 
m  economy  in  bur  expenses  re« 
quired,  regular  order  in  the  ao- 
eounts.  My  ministers  will.submit 
to  the  sanction  of  the  law  the  ac- 
count df  the  expenses  of  the  year 
181^1.  They  will  furnish  you 
with  the  statement  oi  the  receipt 
and  tapenses  effected  in  1822,  and 
that  of  the  charges  and  resources 
to  be  expected  in  1824. 

It  r^ults  firom  these  docu- 
ments, that  all  prior  expenses  being 
liquidated— €ven  those  which  the 
miliary  pteparations  have  render- 
ed necessary— we  enter  upon  the 
year  1828,  with  forty  millions  of 
excess  upon  the  accounts  open  for 
this  year ;  and  that  the  bu^et  for 
1824  wUl  present  a  balance  of  re- 
ceipts and  e^q>en8es,  without  re- 
quiring the  employment  of  this  re- 
serve. 

*  France   owed  to  Europe  ihe 

*  The  puMffe  relating  to  Spein  in  the 
original  French  is  as  follows : 

«*  La  France  devait  k  rEiiropc  Pcx- 
emple  d'tme  prosp^rit^  que  les  pennies 
ne  peuVent  ohtenir  qne  du  retoui'  a  la 
rel^on,  k  la  l^gitimit^,  ik  I'Ordre,  \  la 
vraie  liberty :  cesalutaire  exemple  elle 
le  donne  ainonrd'hui. 

''Mais  la  justice  divine  permet, 
qu'apres  avoir  lonpr-tenips  fait  ^prouver 
aux  autres  nations  les  terriUes  eflets  de 
oos  discordes,  noos  soyons  nous-memes 
exposes  Kux  dangers  qu'smcnent  des  ca- 


fipcample  of  a  prosperi^  whidLfeo*^ 
pie  cannot  obtain  but  by  tlm  return 
to  rdigion-*to  Intimacy— 4o  or- 
der—to true  lib^.  That  sahi« 
tary  example  she  now  ^ves. 

But  divine  justice  pemutj^ 
that,  after  having  for  a  long  time 
made  other  nations  suffer  the  teni- 
Ue  effects  of  our  disorders,  we 
should  ourselves  be  exposed  to  dan- 
gers biouglU;  about  by  simUar  calar 
mities  among  a  nei^bouring  peo* 
pie.. 

lamiUs  semblables  ches  mi  peupk 
voisin. 

«  J'ai  tont  tcntf  pour  gatantlr  laaecii- 
flt^  de  mes  peuples,  et  pr^tencr  L'Ef- 
pagne  eUe-meme  des  demiers  maUiens. 
L'aveuj^ement,  avec  lequel  ont  ^  re- 
pouss^es  les  representations  laites  k  Ma- 
drid, laissc  peu  d'espoir  de  conscrver  la 
paix. 

**  J'ai  ordonn^  le  rappel  de  mm  n- 
nittre:  cent  mtUe  Fraofai^,  oommaod^ 
par  un  Prince  de  ma  famille,  paroebii 
que  mon  coeur  se  plait  k  nominer  nm 
fils,  sont  prets  ^  marcher,  en  invoqaaat 
le  Dieu  de  St.  Loois,  poor  oooBerver  te 
trone  d'Espagne  ^  unfietit-fils  d'Heui 
IV.,  pr^rver  ce  beau  royanme  de  • 
mine,  et  le  r^concilier  avec  1 'Europe. 

^'Nos  stations  vont  etre  renforota 
dans  les  lieux  oik  notre  commerce  nari- 
time  a  besoin  de  cette  protectiaB.  Dci 
croisieres  seront  Stabiles  partont  o^  nos 
arrivages  pourraient  etre  inoui^lte. 

"Si  la  guerre  est  inevitable,  je met- 
trai  tous  mes  soins  k  en  resserrer  le 
cercle,  it  en  bomer  la  dnr^  Elk  ae 
sera  entreprise,  oue  pour  conquer  la 
paix,  que  I'^tat  dc  I'Espagne  readnit 
impossible.  Que  Ferdinand  VII.  soit 
libre  de  donner  ^  ses  peuplea  les  insti- 
tutions qu'ils  ne  peuvent  teoir  que  ^ 
lui,  et  qui,  en  assurant  leor  repos,  diai- 
peraient  les  justes  inqui^tuaes  de  la 
France:  d^  ce  moment  les  hostility 
cesseront;  j'en  prends  devant  voos, 
Messieurs,  le  solennel  engagement. 

"  J'ai  du  mettre  sous  vos  yens  T^ttt 
denosaffiuresau  dehors.  C'^taitinoi 
de  d^lib^rer ;  je  I'ai  fait  avec  maturity* 
J'ai  consulU^  la  dignity  de  ma  couronoei 
I'honneur  et  la  surtt^  de  la  France :  nous 
somroe  FRm^ais,  Messieurs ;  ixms  s 


toutours  d'accoDl  pour  d^fimdre  ^c  Isb 

lAt^«t8.'> 


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PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS.      I5l» 


'  I  haTe  made  every  endeavour 
•to  guarantee  the  aeourity  of  my 
people^  and  to  preserve  Spain  her- 
4»lf  ficom  the  extremity  c^  misfor- 
tune. The  infatuation  with  whidi 
the  representations  made  at  Ma- 
drid have  been  rejected^  leaves  little 
hope  of  preserving  peace. 

I  have  ordered  the  recall  of 
my  minister:  one  hundred  tiiou- 
And  Frenchmen^  commanded  by  a 
prince  of  my  &mily,— by  Imn 
whom  my  heart  delights  to  call  my 
son^ — are  ready  to  march^  invoking 
the  God  of  St.  Louis^  for  the  sake 
of  preserving  the  throne  of  Spain 
to  a  descendant  of  Henry  IV.— of 
javing  that  fine  kin^^dom  from  its 
ruin,  and  of  reconciling  it  with 
vEurope. 

.  Our  stations  are  about  to  be 
reinfinxed  in  those  places  where 
our  maritime  commerce  has  need 
of  that  protection.  Cruisers  shall 
t»  establiahed.  every  where>  wher« 


ever  our  arrivals  can  possibly  tbe 
annoyed. 

If  war  is  inevitable,  1  will  use 
all  my  endeavours  to  confine  4t8 
circle,  to  limit  its  duration:  it  will 
be  undertaken  only  to  conquer 
peace,  which  the  state  of  Spain 
would  render  mipossible.  Let 
Ferdinand  VII.  be  free  to  give  to . 
his  people  institutions  which  they 
cannot  hdd  but  from  him^  and 
whielk  by  securing  their  tranquil- 
lity would  dissipate  the  just  in- 
quietudes of  France.  Hostilities 
^lall  cease  from  that  moment.  I 
make,  gentlemen,  before  you,  a  so* 
lemn  engagement  on  this  poiiit. 

I  was  iMund  to  lay  before  you 
the  state  of  our  fbre^  affiors.  |t 
was  for  me  to  ddiba»te.  I  have 
done  it  maturely.  I  have  con^ 
suited  the  dimiity  of  my  crown, 
tiie  honour  and  security  of  France. 
Gentlanen,  we  are  Frenchmen; 
we  shall  sJways  be  agreed  to  do* 
fend  such  interests. 


Smibcr  qf  the  KiKo  or  Swbden  on  the  cloiing  qfthe  Diet,  Dec.  Sit 


Thoueh  fundamental  compact 
specifies  only  four  months  for  your 
hans  assembled,  I  have  thought  it 
lay  duty  to  yield  to  your  wishes, 
and  to  permit  the  continuance  of 
your  sittings  for  seven  months 
more.  Viewed  politically,  much 
surprise  might,  perhaps,  be  at  first 
sight  expressed  at  the  length  of  this 
session ;  but  experience  of  facts^ 
uid  the  haUt  of  considering  great 
affiurs,  are  frequently  wanting 
"iindst  the  various  interests  whic£ 
^^ng  to  the  sodaL  state  of  man. 
Conjunctures  also  exercise  a  parti-^ 
^'dar^  influence  beyond  every  cal- 
culation and  combination,  and 
events  which  are  sometimes  the 
jwult  of  accident  or  of  certain  un- 

W«aoen  m^,  deceive  ^be  #?m 


of  the  most  ccmsummate  prudence* 
if  you  have  not  on  this  occdsion 
satisfied  all  hopes,  you  have  pre- 
pared for  the  ensuing  Diet  the 
means  of  establishing  a  financial 
amelioration,  claimed  by  all  classes. 
Liberty,  in  furnishing  to  man 
the  knowledge  of  the  digni^of  hia 
being,  has  ranferred  on  hun  the 
strength  and  the  resignadon  which 
are  necessary  for  supporting  vvrith 

Sitienoe  the  vicissitudes  of  life*^ 
ut  liberty  soon  disappears  when 
Government  is  not  invested  with 
an  authority  of  sufficient  magni- 
tude to  preserve  for  ^e  people  that 
which  ^e  people  have  acquired. 

You  have  beheld  the  events  by 
which  the  most  flourishing  CQun« 


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lis*    ANNUAL  REGISTBR,  1823. 


MM  BM  ooiiTulied^  Ae 
people  are  in  the  end  the  gmleit 
■udemm  This  conviction  ought 
to  induce  us  nerer  to  lose  sight  of 
tiie  puhUc  wdfiure  and  tranquillity. 
The  irst  benefit  which  the  people 
hxf  a  right  to  require  of  us  is  in- 
ternal repose>  to  obtain  which  the 
fuhHe  Toiee  calls  upon  us  to  exe« 
cute  without  distinetionj  the  laws 
which  finrm  the  safeguard  of  the 


We  ezperianee  ihe  happy  in« 
iuenceof  an  almost  insular  positian 
If,  hewetet',  the  laws  whidi  gorem 
vs  have  not  acquired  all  the  peiu 
feotkm  which  could  hedesired^  the 
changes  to  be  made  must  be  the 
woik  ef  time^  To  endeavour  to 
aceemplish  those  changes  hastily, 
vvoiddbetoputto  harard  all  pre* 
sent  advantages,  and  iht  (best 
hopesfor  the  fbture.  To  precipi- 
tate the  naturalnrogresswmch  be* 
bttgcte  thegemus  of  our  institu- 
tions, would  be  to  enpose  them  to 
those  catastrophes  of  which  the 
present  age  has  furnished  striking 


I  have  followed  the  same  cir- 
svmipeot  system  in  the  appHcation 
of  our  rec^rocal  duties,  and  I  have 
emisidered  myself  bound  to  refuse 
all  partialinteiprelation  of  our  i\in« 
dax^tal  laws.  Wishine  only  to 
ntain  my  legal  powers  wi&out  any 
cnmoaduiBent  on  yours,  I  shall  lie 
•Iways  ready  to  enter  into  concert 
witii  yott  on  every  thing  capable  of 
g^'Pg  gwatwf  eleamess  to  our 
om^pacti  and  thus  leading  us  sue- 
eassfve^  to  augment  the  pubHc 
F«tpenty  hi  a  perfectly  united 
aad  soKd  manner. 

Our  exportation  has  been  very 
aotlve>,  and  the  balanceof  commerce 
for  this  and  the  pr^^dine  years 
was  to  our  advMitage.  I^e  har- 
Mtts  hav»  be^  abundant,  and  yet 
•■••  agwvittnvt  is  embttcza88ed> 


He  wDl  continue  so  to  be  until  a 
new  system  of  HWiflen  seoontiBS 
shall  place  him  in  a  more  fixed 
situation  than  that  in  whidi  be  now 
stands.  If  the  hope  whidi  I  en- 
tertain of  seeing  his  ntuatioD- im- 
proved be  not  realised,  I  shall 
again  assemble  around  me  the 
States  General,  in  order  to  pro* 
pose  to  them  measures,  die  effieaey 
of  which  cannot  be  doubtful  tat* 
oept  With  respect  to  persons  vrhoK 
relief  is  not  within  the  compass  ef 
our  influence. 

The  committee  appomted  to 
draw  up  the  civil  code  have  tetmi^ 
nated  ^eir  labours.  Tliat  eode  it 
submitted  to  me  and  my  councxQcxs 
examination.  It  will  be  present- 
ed to  you  next  session,  wiA  die 
ameliorations  or  modificatiaos 
which  I  may  connder  proper  to  be 
introduced  into  the  ^bm.  The 
eode  of  crimes  and  pumshments  is 
idso  the  subject  of  mj  sc^icitudfr 
Its  plan  will  be  characterised  by  a 
regard  to  individual  security  aod 
public  safety. 

The  somswhich  you  have  plaesd 
at  my  disposal  for  the  completionof 
the  great  worhs  of  the  jcaaal  cf 
Got£a,  and  for  other  enteiprisescf 
g^ieral  interest,  appear  to  be  suft> 
dent,  and  I  hope  to  be  able  to  Ad* 
fil  i^ur  espectation  and  mine. 

The  improvement  of  the  adad« 
mstration  shows  itself  in  so  evident 
a  manner,  that  it  is  imposrible  for 
the  observer,  of  even  the  least 
penetration^  not  to  recognise  its 
I»ropress.  Happy  the  nationt 
whidi  are  thus  enabled,  m  the 
bosom  of  public  peace,  to  advance 
their  well-beiilg  and  simpliiy  theii: 
institutions. 

The  system  of  neutrality  whkh 
my  government  has  traced  out  fb^ 
itseS*,  with  respect  to  all  affldrs 
which  do  not  immediately  and  e»i 
sentiaBy  aSect  the  esdstenoe  of  tht 


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PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS.       153« 


two  UngSomfl^  assures  us  that  our 
neutraH^  will  continue  to  be 
respectecL  Nothing  shall  be  nejg- 
lected  on  our  part  to  prolong  its 
duration.  The  relations  of  amity 
which  exist  with  all  the  powers  of 
Europe  are  the  au^uxr  of  that 
durable  peace  which  TOrms  the 
object  of  our  wishes. 

1  thank  jon,  gentlemen^  for  the 
numerous,  proofs  of  affection  and 
devotion  which  you  have  given  to 
me,  and  to  all  the  members  of  my 
ftmihr.  I  regret  diat  the  breaking 
up  of  the  Diet,  jomed  to  the  baa 
season,  should  have  presented  an 
obstade  to  the  execution  of  the 


wish  you  maniftste4  for  the  ooro* 
nation  of  the  Queen,  my  spouse. 
That  wish  shall  be  satisfied  on  t^e 
next  meeting  of  the  States-Oene« 
ral. 

Onyourretumtoyour  homes  and 
to  ^e  bosoms  of  your  families  en- 
deavourto  strengthen  public  peace 
and  union.  Be  mends,  be  Swedes. 
Let  that  proud  name  remind  you 
that  constancy  is  the  greatest  of  all 
powers;  but  that  weakness  and 
discord,  by  destroying  states,  un- 
dermine the  freedom  of  mankind, 

I  repeat  to  you,  gentlemen,  the 
assurance  of  my  good  wishes  and 
royal  sentiments. 


State  tf  the  Rubsiak  Finances. 


The  superinlending  council  of 
the  Credit  Establishment  having 
BMI  on  the  27th  of  June,  lieute- 
nant-general Cancren,  minister  df 
Finance,  opened  the  business  with 
a  9geech  on  the  state  dTthe  several 
olgects  to  which  the  attention  of 
^coimdl  wastobe  called.  His 
discourse  was  divided  into  the  foI« 
lowing  heads  :«— 

SiOTUNO  Fund  Comhission.— 
Under  this  head  the  minister  stated 
the  amount  of  the  debt  on  the  1st 
of  June,  1822  ;  the  inscriptions 
redeemed    in  the  course  of  that 

Duftfihloaa      .... 

Debt  &om  termisaUe  anauities    i 

t)ebtbearing6pero^tperpetttal   < 
ialeiest     •••.*•     ( 


year,  and  certains  claims  on  the 
government  which  had  been  ad* 
mitted.  Of  the  loan  concluded 
with  Messrs.  Rothschild  in  London, 
in  the  year  1822,  he  couldnot  give 
an  account  until  it  was  completely 
terminated.  Its  amount  was  stat^ 
to  be  43,000,000  of  olver  roubles, 
but  of  which  only  28,000,160  silver 
roubles  had  yet  been  inscribed  in 
the  great  book  of  the  nublic  debt. 
The  result  of  his  details  appeared 
to  be  that  the  public  debt  on  the 
1st  of  January,  1823,  stood  as  fol-« 
lows :-« 

48,100,000  florins. 
8,364,000  nrnbiaf  in  silver. 
34,505,753  in  assigoAts^ 

20,620  nmbtos  in  gold. 
9^015,412  in  olmr. 
240i,945>711  ia  asngnatik 


Debtbearii^5percent.perpetiial    >     6Mfi^d60  roubles  in  diver. 
interasfc      .......      ^ 


1822,   of 


The  sum  destined,  accordinfi  to  consists   for  the  year 

ihe  regulation  of  the  sinking  fund  32,402,715  rouMes. 
commission,  to  the  diminution  of         Assionai?  Bank.— ^According 

the  mass ofnssiguats  iu  c!:rcuI^tioii,  toastatement  under  this  head,  th^ 


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m*     ANNtAL  REOISTER,  UB23. 


.  law  piDhiUting  new  emudonff  of 
aqsignats  has  been  strictly  observed 
and  the  quantity  now  in  calculation 
amounts  to  595,721,010  roubles. 

Loan  BANK^-^The  sums  ad- 
vanced by  this  bank  in  the  year 
1822,  chiefly  for  assistance  to  ma- 
nufacturing establishments,  amount 
to  10,49^,731  roubles  50  ocmecs  in 
assignats.  According  to  the  ac- 
count presented  by  the  bank,  its 
piofitsamount  to  8,557  roubles  33i 
copecsingold;  81,681  roubles  18^ 
copecs  in  mlver;  1,444,284  roubl^ 
82  copecsin  assignats. 

CoMMEBOiAL  Bank.— The  capi- 
tal of  this  establishment,  fixed  at 
SO  millions,  was  completed  in  1 822. 
Its  transactions  during  the  same 
year  extended  to  185,230,858  rou- 
Uet  72  copecs.      The  loans  on 


merchandise  exceeded  those  of  18S1 
by  4,366,552  roubles  31  copecs. 
There  remain  due  on  protested  bdk 
(tf  exchan^,  ihe  payment  of  wfaidi 
the  Bank  IS  prosecuting  before  the 
ordinary  tribunals,  2,^1,313  rou- 
bles 50  copecs. 

The  profits  of  the  bank  and  its 
factories,  deducting  their  expensei 
amount  to  1,810,615  roubtn  55 
copecs. 

The  bank  hadmallits  txansw- 
tions  strictly  followed  the  prescrib- 
ed rules,  and  the  examinatiott  ef 
the  accounts  showed  that  the  total 
of  the  returns  of  that  establisb- 
ment  and  its  &ctories,  in  the  yen, 
1822,  is  890,079*035  roubles  10 
copecs  in  assignats,  und  6,900,616 
roubles  31  copecs  in  metalHcfc 


EiPLY  qf  Ihe  Spanish  Gotbrnubnt  to  the  Note  tf  ^  Fbbmb 

MiNiarBB. 


Under  this  date  I  communicate 
the  following  by  Rojral  order  to 
the  Minister  plenipotentiary  of  Us 
majesty  in  Paris: — ^'^  The  govern- 
ment of  his  Catholic  Miyesty  has 
just  received  a  note  transmitted  by 
that  of  his  Most  Christian  Majesty 
to  its  minister  plenipotentiary  in 
this  court,  an  official  copy  of  which 
document  is  directed  to  your  excel* 
lency  fi>r  your  necessary  informa* 
tion. 

"  The  government  of  his  Catho- 
lic Majesty  has  few  observations 
to  make  on  the  said  note.  But  in 
order  that  your  excellency  may  not 
feel  any  embarrassnent  with  r^ard 
to  the  conduct  which  you  ought  to 
observe  under  these  circumstances, 
it  becomes  it  to  manifest  frankly  its 
sentiments  and  resolutions. 

"The  government  was  never 
without  the  conviction  that  the 
institutions  adopted   freely  and 


spontaneously  by  Spain  would  giie 
nse  to  jealousies  in  many  of  the 
Cabinets  of  Europe,  and  would  be- 
come the  object  df  ihe  deliberatioai 
of  the  congress  of  Verona.  But, 
secure  in  its  principles,  and  firm  in 
the  resolution  to  defend  at  evay 
expense  its  present  political  ajsten^ 
and  the  national  independence,  it 
quiedy  awaited  the  r^ult  of  those 
conferences. 

"  Spain  is  governed  by  a  coosti* 
tution  promu^ted,  accepted,  aai 
sworn  in  the  year  1812,  wad  ac- 
knowledged by  the  powers  whidi 
were  assembled  in  the  congress  of 
Verona.  Perfidious  oounsellon 
would  have  persuaded  his  Catholic 
Majesty,  D.  Fernando  VII.,  not 
to  have  sworn  on  his  return  to  ditt 
fundamental  code  which  the  whole 
nation  desired,  and  which  was  de- 
stroyed by  force,  without  any 
remQnstniD9e  ou  tbc  part  of  the 


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ww&tft  vAack  had  reoognii^  iU 
But  flix  years'  experience,  and  the 
general  wish^  induced  him  to  iden« 
tify  himself,  in  1820,  with  the  de« 
sires  of  the  Spanish  people. 

"  It  was  not  a  military  insurrec^ 
tion  which  gave  rise  to  this  new 
order  of  iid^jn  in  the  commence* 
mentof  the  year  1820.  The  brave 
men  who  declared  themselves  in 
the  island  of  Leon,  and  successively 
in  the  rest  of  the  provinces,  were 
only^  the  organ  oC  the  general 
opinion  and  \nsh. 

"  It  was  natural  that  this  order 
of  things  should  produce  discon* 
tents  :  that  is  an  inevitable  conse* 
quenca  of  every  reform  which  aims 
at  a  correction  of  abuses.  Indivi- 
duals are  always  to  be  found  in 
every  i^tion  and  in  every  state, 
who  can  nevei^  submit  themselves 
to  the  empire  of  reason  and  justice. 
''  The  army  of  observation  which 
the  French  government  maintains 
in  the  Pyrenees  is  not  calculated 
to  ^uietthe  disorders  with  which 
Sjpam  is  afflicted.  Experience  has 
proved,  on  the  contrarv,  that  this 
sanatory  cordon,  which  afterwards 
assumed  the  title  of  army  of  obser- 
vation, has  only  served  to  nourish 
the  wild  hopes  of  the  dduded 
ianadcs  who  raised  the  cry  of  re- 
bellion in  several  of  the  provinces, 
by  ^vins  them  a  pretext  for  che- 
rbhing  the  idea  of  an  approaching 
invasion  of  our  territory. 

"As  the  principles,  the  views, 
or  the  fears  which  have  influenced 
the  conduct  of  the  cabinets  assem- 
bled at  the  Congress  of  Verona, 
cannot  serve  as  a  rule  for  that  of 
Spain,  the  latter  abstains,  for  the 
present,  from  replying  to  that  part 
of  the  instructions  of  the  Comte  de 
Lagarde  which  relates  to  the  said 
Congress. 

"The  days  of  calm  and  tranquil- 
lity which  the  Government  of  his 


Most  ChristiaQ  M^ea^  wishes  to 
the  Spanish  nation,  are  not  lessanxi- 
ously  desired  by  herself  and  her 
government.  Both  being  persuad- 
ed that  the  remedy  of  their  misfor- 
tunes can  only  be  the  work  of  time 
imd  perseverance,  they  make,  as  it  is 
their  duty  to  do,  every  eflbrt  to 
accelerate  such  useful  and  salutarj 
effects. 

"  The  Spanish  government  justly 
appreciates  the  oners  made  by  that 
of  his  Most  Christian  Majesty  to 
contribute  towards  its  happiness  as 
far  as  lies  in  its  power  ;  but  is  per« 
suaded  that  the  measures  and  pre- 
cautions which  the  latter  has  adopt- 
ed can  produce  only  contrary  re« 
suits. 

"  The  assistance  which  it  is  now 
incumbent  on  the  Frendi  govern- 
ment to  give  to  that  of  »pain  is 
purely  negative.  The  disbanding 
its  army  ot  the  Pyrenees— the  re- 
straining the  factious  enemies  of 
Spain,  and  the  refugees  in  France 
*^-and  a  marked  and  decided 
animadversion  on  those  who  take 
pleasure  in  blackening,  in  the  most 
atrocious  manner,  the  government 
of  his  catholic  majesty,  as  well  as 
the  institutions  of  Spain  aild  her 
Cortes,  is  what  the  law  of  nations, 
as  respected  by  all  civilised  coun- 
tries, requires. 

''For  France  to  say  that^  she 
wishes  the  welfare  and  tranquillity 
ai  Spain,  while  sheoonstantly  keeps 
lighted  up  the  brands  of  discord, 
which  give  aliment  to  the  princi- 
pal evils  with  which  she  is  afflicted, 
IS  to  plunge  into  an  abyss  of  contra- 
dictions. 

"  Moreover,  whatever  may  be 
the  determination  which  the  ^ 
vemment  of  hi%  Most  Christian 
Majesty  may  deem  advisable  to  take 
in  this  conjuncture,  that  of  his 
Catholic  Majesty  will  continue  tran- 
quil in  the  path  pointed  out  b}r  it9 


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IIK*    ANNUAL  HEGISTER,  1823. 


iatf,  the  Jnstxiefls  of  its  ctuse,  the 
ehmctcr  of  constancy^  and  of  finn 
attachment  to  constitutional  prin* 
'  dplesy  which  eminmtly  distinguish 
the  nation  at  the  headofwhidi 
it  is  placed ;  and  without  now  en* 
tering  into  an  anal3r8i8  of  the  hy« 
pothracal  and  amln^ous  expres* 
aions  of  the  instructions  tninsniit« 
ted  to  the  ^ount  de  Lagurde^  it 
oonchides  by  observing  ^t  the 
repose  and  prosperity  of  the  nation, 
as  well  as  every  thing  that  may 
augment  the  el^nents  of  its  prospe- 
rity, can  interest  no  power  more 
warmly  than  Spam  herself. 

^'  Constant  attachment  to  the 
constitution  of  1812,  peace  with  all 
nations,  and  the  denial  of  the  rig^t 
of  intervention  in  her  afiaus  on  the 
part  of  any  power,  form  the  na« 
tional  motto  and  rule  of  conduct  as 


well  ftr  the  preeent  as  flir  all 
fiiture  times. 

'<  Your  excellency  is  authorised 
to  read  this  note  to  the  minister  of 
Forrijni  affioxa,  and  to  «ve  him  a 
copy  ff  he  request  it.  Toorjudg* 
ment  and  your  prudence  will  sng* 
gest  to  you  the  conduct,  firm  and 
wordiy  of  Spain^  which  ou^  to  be 
pursued  on  this  occasion. 

"  This  I  have  the  honour  to 
communicate  to  your  excellency  by 
order  of  his  Majesty;  and  I  take 
this  opportunity  of  renewiztf  the 
assurances  of  my  diitittguidiedoaii- 
sideration,  and  of  pravingdiat  God 
may  preserve  your  life  many  years. 

''Your  Excellency's    attenttfc 
and  constant  servant  Idases  your 
hand.       EvARiato  San  BIioukl. 
**  The  Msfe,  Jan.  9, 1899.     • 
**  To  the  mlBisteaof  Fnaee." 


NoTB  transrmUedby  the  Spanish  Ministers  to  their  Charos^s  D'Af* 
FAiBto  tU  the  Courts  of  Vienna,  Berlin,  and  Pstebsbubgh. 


Under  this  date  I  communicate 
to  the  charge  d'affaires  of  his  Ma- 
jesty at  the  court  of  by  roy- 
al order,  the  following  :— 

"  The  government  of  his  Majes- 
ty has  received  communication  c^  a 
note  from  — — —  to  its  charg6 
d'affiures  at  this  court,  a  copy  of 
which  note  is  transmitted  to  your 
excellency  for  3rour  information. 

"This  document,  full  of  per- 
vert^ fiu^ts,  defamatory  supposi- 
tions, accusations  equally  unjust 
and  slanderous,  and  vague  requests, 
does  not  call  for  any  cat^oriral  and 
formal  r^ly  on  any  of  its  pouits. 
TheSpamsh  government,  deferring 
to  a  more  convenient  opportimity 
the  exhibiting  to  all  nations,  in  a 
public  and  solemn  manner,  its, 
sentiments,  it8princi{des,its  ^ter- 
minations, and  the  justice  of  the 
cause  of  the  generous  aatiott  at  tke 


head  of  which  it  is  placed,  is  ffar  die 
present,  content  to  declare— 

"*  1.  That  the  Spanish  natioDli 
governed  by  a  constitution  soleiiiii- 
fy  recognized  by  the  Emperor  of  sB 
the  Russias  in  Uie  year  1818. 

'' 2.  That  the  Spaniards,  friends 
to  their  country,  who  prodaimed, 
at  the  commeneementcH  1812,  thai 
constitution  which  was  aboli^ed  \f 
violence  in  1814,  were  not  peiiured 
men,  but  had  the  imperimaUe 
honour  of  being  the  instruments  of 
thegencnd  wiH. 

'*3.  That  the  ConstltutionsI 
King  of  Spain  is  in  thefreeexeraK 
of  the  powers  whidi  the  fhndb* 
mental  code  has  conferred  upoa 
him,  and  whatever  may  be  alleged 
to  the  contrary  proceeds  frtnn  the 
enemies  of  Spain,  for  the  purpose 
of  blackening  and  cahnniifating 
oer* 


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PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS.       167» 


''  4.  That  die  l^iiiiidi  nalimi 
baa  never  i&texfered  with  the  in* 
alitationg  or  internal  goveninia:it 
of  any  other  state. 

«^  5^  That  the  healinp;  of  the  ills 
which  may  afflict  Spam  interests 
no  nation  more  than  herself. 

''  6.  That  those  otiIs  are  not 
oonsequenoes  of  the  constitutionj 
but  proceed  from  the  enemies  who 
endeavoar  to  destrc^  it. 

''7*  That  the  Spanish  nation 
will  never  acknowledge  the  right 
of  any  power  to  interfere  or  mix 
itself  in  its  affidrs. 

^^  8.  That  the  goremment  will 
never  deviate  from  the  line  traced 
for  it  by  its  duties,  by  national 
honour,  and  by  its  unalterable  uU 
tachment  to  the  fundamental  code 
awom  to  in  1812. 

'^  Your  Excellency  is  authorised 
to  communicate  this  despatch  ver- 


hall^to  ihenumster  {est  For^ 
affinrs  at-^*,  giving  him  a  eofy  i£ 
he  ask  it. 

''  Hia  Mi^iesty  hopet  tihat  ymnr 
Excellency's  nmdence,  xm^  and 
patriotism  will  sujmst  to  you  that 
ccmduot  which  is  mn  and  wcnrthy 
of  the  Spanidi  name,  and  whidi, 
in  the  present  circumstanoes>  ouj^t 
to  be  followed. 

'^  This  is  what  I  have  the  honour 
to  communicate  to  your  Exoellen* 
ey  by  order  of  his  Majesty,  and  I 
seixe  this  opportunity  to  renew 
the  assurances  of  ih/ distbguished 
consideration,  praying  God  to  pre^ 
serve  your  life  many  years.  I  kiss 
your  hands.  Your  attentive  and 
constant  servant, 

**  EvAKisTO  Sak  Migvbl. 

«<  The  F^ace,  Jan.  9, 1823. 
"  To  Senor               ■ 
"  Chargtf  d'Af&ircs  at " 


AnniUMa  to  the  Kino  of  Spain,  voted  by  the  Cobtss  in  ike  Skiing 
^the  llth  of  January. 


Sire,  —  The  extraordinary 
Cortes,  in  hearing  the  notes  of  the 
Cabinets  of  Paris,  Vienna,  B^lin, 
and  Petersburgh,  which  your  Ma« 
jesty  ordered  to  be  communicated 
1^  your  ministers  to  them,  have 
mmnimoudy  resolved  to  direct  dieir 
voice  towards  the  august  throne  of 
your  Mafesty,  in. an  expression  of 
tiie  feelings  \sf  which  they  are  ani* 
mated. 

The  Cortes  would  fail  in  their 
first  duty— they  would  inadequate- 
ly express  the  wishes  of  the  people 
whom  they  represent — ^if  they  aid 
notdeclarethe  surprise  andindigna-' 
tion  which  they  felt  at  the  strange 
doctrines,  the  manifest  falsdioo^i^ 
the  calumnious  imputations  wIum^ 
these  documents  contain,  partieu- 
lariy  the  three  latter,  as  vicious  in 
their  sul^tanoe  as  contrary  in  tl^ 


form  to  the  principles  established 
among  oivilirod  nations  monstrousi 
ly  insulting  to  the  l^panish  nation, 
to  its  most  distinguished  children, 
to  its  Cortes,  to  its  government,  and 
even  to  the  throne  of  your  Majes- 
ty, which,  supported  by  the  constki 
tution,  does  not  suffer  less  than  it 
from  die  attacks  directed  against  it  , 
*-in  fine,  to  your  sacred  person, 
whose  good  faith  and  whose  love  for 
your  people  they  endeavour  by  an 
impious  temerity  to  call  in  ques- 
tion. 

The  Cortes,  Sire,  have  heard 
withsingukr  Satisfaction,  thefrank, 
honouraUe,  and  enerfferic  answer 
which  your  minisler  has  made  to 
these  notes,  and  which  you  have 
communicated  to  the  Cortes.  They 
cannot  but  i^rove  of  the  noUa 
disdain  with  which  your  govern* 


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ment^  without  desoendine  to  refiite 
assertions  notoriously  false^  and 
which  had  they  heen  otherwise 
they  had  no  right  to  prefer  against 
it,  confined  itself  to  a  statement  of 
ihe  principles  whidi  direct  it-« 
princitdes  whidi  the  leeislative 
hody  loudly  proclaims^  whidh  all 
Spuiiazds  repeat,  and  which  they 
will  support  with  the  constancy  oif 
a  people  faithful  to  their  promises, 
and  which  nothinff  can  shake  while 
they  defimd  their  nonour  and  inde- 
pendence. 

It  does  not  belong  to  the  Cortes 
to  inquire  into  the  real  motives  of 
the  omduct  observed  towards  Spain 
by  the  Cabinets  of  Paris,  Vienna, 
Berlin,  and  Petersburgh,  any  more 
than  to  anticipate  the  results  of  the 
answers  returned  by  the  govern- 
ment of  your  Majesty,  but,  what* 
ever  may  be  these  motives  or  re- 
sults, the  road  which  the  Legisla- 
tive body  must  follow,  is  marked 
out  for  them  by  the  constitution 
itself—- bv  the  avowed  and  unanim- 
ous opinion  of  their  constituents, 
and  by  the  sentiment  of  national 
honour,  which,  being  felt  so  strong- 
ly by  all  SpaniarSB,  must  more 
particnlarly  animate  the  assembly 
of  their  representatives. 

The  Cortes,  in  a  crisis  so  me- 
morable, are  called  upon  to  exert 
themselves,  and  are  in  fact  exerting 
thonselves,  to  draw  closer  the  ties 
which  unite  them  to  the  ro3ral 
power,  and  to  proclaim,  as  they  do 


tiowproclaamafi!eBh,  in  the  fiiceof 
the  nation,  of  the  World,  and  of 
posterity,  Uieir  determined  renin* 
tion  to  sustain  the  dory  md  the 
independence  of  the  &one  of  your 
Majesty,  and  of  your  CenstitotMiiial 
authority,  the  sovereignty  and  the 
rights  of  the  heroic  nation  which 
they  represent,  and  the  constitutni 
by  whidi  they  exist 

The  Cortes  are  bound  to  aame 
your  Majesty,  and  they  do  aanne 
your  Majesty,  that  to  attain  m 
sacred  an  object,  ibey  are  ready  tft 
decree  every  species  of  ncnBeb^ 
certain  that  the  ^anish  people  win 
bear  them  with  joy—- with  entho* 
sia8m;'and  that  diey  will  resin 
themselveff  to  all  possiUe  evib, 
rather  than  enter  into  terms  with 
those  who  would  pretend  to  taint 
their  honour,  or  to  attadc  tiidr 
liberties. 

Such  is  the  declaration  of  the 
Cortes:  and  they  hope  that  the 
national  power,  thus  fortified  by 
the  union  which  exists  between 
the  throne,  the  Cortes,  and  the 
people,  will  be  sufficient  to  impose 
respect  on  the  enemies  of  Spamah 
independence  and  liberty— 4o  se* 
cure,  perhaps,  peace,  and  certainly 
the  glory  m  the  natioii— 4o  conso- 
lidate its  future  welfare  under  the 
empire  of  the  constitution  which 
governs  us,  and  the  salutary  prin* 
ciples  of  which  promise  to  oar 
country  the  most  flattering  desti« 
nies. 


Proclamation. 


The  Duke  D'Angoultoe,  General- 
in-chief  of  the  Army  of  the 
Pyrenees,  to  the  Spaniards. 
The   king  of  France,    by  re- 
calling his  ambassador  from  Madrid, 
hoped  that  the  Spanish  govern- 
ment, warned  of  its  dangers,  would 


return  to  more  moderate  senti* 
ments,  and  would  cease  to  be  detf 
to  the  counsels  of  benevolence  and 
reason.  Two  months  and  a  hslf 
have  passed  away,  and  his  majestr 
has  in  vain  expected  the  estaUidi- 
meut  in  Spain  of  an  Older  (xf  things 

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compitiUe  with   the    safety   of 
ndgibouring  states. 

The   French   government   has 
for  two  entire  years  endured,  with 
a  forhearance  without   example, 
it»  most  unmerited  provocations; 
the  rev<dutionary  fection  which  has 
desUoyed  the  royal  authority  in 
your  oountry-^which  holds  your 
king  captive    which  calls  for  his 
dethronement— which  menaces  his 
life  and  that  of  his  ftmily,  has 
carried  beyond  your  frontiers  its 
guilty   effi>rts.     It  has  tried  all 
means  to  corrupt  the  army  of  his 
Most  Christian  Majesty,  ami  to  ex- 
cite troubles  in  France,  in  the  same 
manner  as  it  had  succeeded  by  the 
contagion  of  its  doctrines  and  of  ita 
example  to  produce  the  insurrec- 
tion  of  Naples  and  Piedmont.    De« 
ceived  in  its  expectations,  it  has 
invited  traitors,  condemned  by  our 
tribunals,  to  consummate,   under 
the  {nrotection  of  triumphant  re« 
beOion,  the  plots  which  they  had 
formed  against  their  country.    It 
is  time  to  put  a  stop  to  the  anarchy 
which  tears  Spain  in  pieces,  whic^ 
takes  from  it  the  power  of  settling 
its  colonial  disputes,  which  sepa- 
rates it  from  Eurojpe,  which  has 
brcAen  all  its  relations  with  the 
august  sovereigns  whom  the  same 
intentions  and  Vie  same  views  unite 
with  his  Most  Christian  Majesty; 
and  which  compromises  the  repose 
and  interests  of  France. 

^paiuardfl!  France  is  not  at 
war  witli  your  country.  Sprung 
from  the  same  blood  as  your  kings, 
I  can  have  no  wish  but  for  your 
independence,  your  happiness,  your 
^ry.  I  am  gomg  to  cross  the  Pyre* 
aees  at  the  head  of  100,000  French* 


men;  but  it  is  in mrder  to  unite^ 
mysdf  to  the  ^laniards,  {riends 
of  order  and  of  the  laws,  to  assist 
them  in  setting  free  their  captive 
long,  in  raisii^  again  the  altar  and 
the  throne,  in  rescuing  priests  from 
proscriptions,  men  of  property  &om 
spoliation,  and  the  whole  people 
from  the  domination  of  an  amni^ 
tious  few,  who,  while  they  pro- 
claim lib^ty,  are  pr^parin^  only 
the  slavery  and  ruin  of  Spam. 

Spaqiards!.  Every  t^i^  will 
be  done  for  you  and  with  you. 
The  French  are  not,  and  mak  not 
to  be,  any  thing  but  your  auxilia- 
ries. Your  standard  *  alone  shall 
float  over  your  dties:  the  pro- 
vinces traversed  by  our  solmers 
shall  be  administered  in  the  name 
of  Ferdinand  by  Spanish  auihori^ 
ties;  the  severest  discipline  shaU 
be  observed;  every  thing  necessary 
finr  the  service  of  the  arpoy  diall* 
be  paid  for  with  scrupubus  puno«^ 
tuiuity ;  we  do  not  pretend  either 
to  impose  laws  on  you,  or  to  occu- 
py your  country ;  we  wish  nothing 
but  your  deliverance;  as  soon  as 
we  wall  have  obtained  it,  we  will 
return  to  our  country,  happy  ta 
have  preserved  a  generous  people 
from  the  miseries  produced  by  re- 
volution, and  which  experience  has 
taught  us  but  too  well  to  appre* 
date. 

Louis  Antosns. 

Head-quarters  at  Bayonne, 
April  2, 1828. 

By  .his  royal  highness  the 
prince  general«in-chie^  the  coun- 
sellor en  state,  civil  commissioner 
of  his  Most  Christian  Majesty, 

Mabtionac« 


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SfBBCH  tf  the  Emo  xf  Spain  m  Closing  the  Seaimu  ^  Ik 
LegitMure  of  Mth  and  (he  Anmcr  ^  the  PuBeiPBNT  fjf  tk 

COKTSS. 

Oendeman  Dmmfies.^— On  this 
ademn  day^  in  wliich  the  pvQi^t 
.Cortesare  dosedj  mj  beart  \b  neoea* 
aarily  affected  by  Benaationsof  dif<« 
foent  l^dsi  thoij^h  stiU  they  ao« 
QDi4  with  the  cufcfumstancea  in 
which  the  nation  is  jolaeed.  On 
the  one  hand^  the  evus  by  which 
flhe  is  opi^ressed^  and^  pn^e  other, 
the  Talour  of  those  sonfli  who  de- 
fend hari  moduoe  in  my  mind  the 
natural  effects  of  sudi  qyposite 
causes;  andif  the  publie  ealamities 
and  the  horrid  abuse  c^  my  royal 
aameby  the  enemiesof  thestate,  are 
to  me  matter  of  the  deepest  afflic- 
tion, I  likewise  feel  the  greatest  sa« 
tisfaction  when  I  contemplate  the 
virtues  l^whidi  the  Spanish  people 
are  acquiring  fresh  claims  to  gloiy, 
and  the  conduct  hy  which  their 
worthy  representatives  have  dis* 
tinguished  themselves  during  the 
present  leffislature. 

Invaded  as  our  territory  isj 
by  the  most  unheard-of  treadiery 
^  the  part  of  a  perfidious  enemy, 
who  owe  their  existence  chi^y  to 
this  magnanimous  nation,  the 
world  beholds  violated  in  her  the 
ri^ts  of  all  countries,  and  all  the 
principles  the  most  sacred  among 
men.  Pretended  defects  in  our 
political  institutions — supposed  er* 
rors  in  our  interior  administration, 
a  fdgned  wish  to  restore  tranquil- 
li^,  the  disturbance  of  whioh  is 
tke  work  of  those  alone  who  exi^i 
ftentte  it— afiected  eoncem  far  the 
dignity  of  a  Monarch  who  wishes 
not  to  be  one  but  for  the  happiness 
of  his  subjects-— such  were  the  pre- 
texts of  an  aggression  which  will 
be  the  scandal  of  posterity,  and  the 
blackest  spot  of  the  nineteenth 
centuiy.    But,  hypocrisy,  embol- 


dened by  her  ephemeral]. 
8pon  threw  of  the  mad^  aad^  di^ 
covering  all  the  honor  of  \m 
views,  no  longer  allows  ef<ao  the 
most  duped  to  doubt  Aaft  Aa 
only  ref ocm  ahe  aiaa  at  i%  to  d*^ 
privethe  natumof  allindroaagdfliM% 
of  all  liberty,  and  of  all  boM  X  aid 
that  the  digni^  which  m»  pre- 
tends to  restore  t^  my  erown,  mm^ 
sists  cmly  in  dishonouring  me^  in 
exposing  my  Boyal  peiBon  and 
ftmilyi  and  in  nndennining  the 
foundations  (^  my  thron6»  to  i 
herself  on  its  minSr 

With  very  little  reliance 
their  forces,  and  on  their 
valour,  the  invadeia  have  oot  beoi 
able  to  advanee  but  aaeowaida,  bf 
scattering  oorrupLins  gpld^  by  i^ 
curring  to  the  vilert  ttiSito  to  aedaee 
the  incautious,  and  by  amdng  in 
tiieir  aid  treaaQin,fiinatifiiflm»^iia' 
lanoe,  and  all  llie  pasaifliia  and 
crimes.  In  oppositaim  to  aodi  coe* 
mies,  and  in  ao  disadvaatageoos  a 
struggle,  to  thosewhoare  aoquaint- 
ed  with  honourable  warfare-  only, 
the  fato  of  arms  has  hitherto  beoi 
adverse.  ThedefectioiioCagBD^' 
nd,  whom  the  eountry  had  loaded 
with  honours,  aimihilatfid  an  amy, 
upset  all  plans,  and  opened  to  the 
enemy  thegatesof  flieiendeoceaf 
government,  oompellinc  it  tor&- 
moveto  this  spot;  andtbecoaM 
bined  operations  bdng  thus  fine* 
tratedj  fmd  our  meaiu  of  deftDot 
sooonsidenddy  diannisbed,  misfiv* 
tune  has  since  sneeeeded  jsadof* 
tune,  and  evils  have  ateimuiiated 
upon  a  generous  people  who  lea* 
merited  them. 

But  in  the  midst  of  these  dis- 
asters, Spain  preserves  her  magna- 
nimous resolution,  and  the  Cortefl^ 


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PUBJ^IC  PQ<:yMPNT|.      Wl^ 


iQ  t]|^  doflest  uoion^  with  my  go? 
vcprmnent,  have  ever  maintained 
themselves  such  as  they  were  in  the 
loeqaorable  days  of  the  9th  and  i  1  th 
ojr  January  kst.  The  serenity  and 
wisdom  of  their  deliberations  hi- 
therto^ amidst  such  bitterness  and 
dgpgpr»  the  conAdence  which  their 
j[lfttru)tism  inspires^  and  the  hatred 
Itself  with  which  Uiey  are  honour* 
ed  by  the  enemies  of  the  country, 
ve  so  many  proofs  that  they  have 
Reserved  weU  of  it;.  Indefatigable 
in  promoting  all  the  branches  of 
public  prosperity,  they  have  issued 
various  decrees  tfiat  contribute  to 
it^  as  far  as  circumstances  permit 
Ine  public  credit  of  the  nation, 
her  finances,  her  army,  the  inte- 
rior government  of  the  provinces, 
agriculture,  commerce,  and  other 
branches  of  industry,  the  adminis- 
tration of  justice  and  the  establish- 
ment of  beneficence,  have  all  been 
the  object  of  the  zeal  of  the  Cortes, 
and  au  are  indebted  to  them  for 
considerable  improvements  which 
time  will  evince  to  a  greater  ex* 
^«nt,  and  which  I  will  exert  my- 
self to  further,  as  far  as  depends 
iqpoQ  the  executive  power. 

/^Gentlemen,—!  feel  a  real 
satisfaction  in  expressing  my  grati- 
tude for  these  important  services, 
&r  the  generosity  with  which  you 
have  attended  to  the  honour  of  my 
Boyal  Family,  and  fin:  the  libera- 
lity with  whidi  you  have  furnish- 
ed my  Government  all  the  means 
it^  yourpower  to  meet  the  excessive 
expenses  of  the  state,  with  the 
least  pressure  upon  die  nation; 
the  powers  granted  to  this  effect, 
by  the  Corte^  to  the  (nrovincial 
deputadoQ&  as  auxiliary  juntas  of 
the  national  defence,  have  increas- 
ed the  resources ;  and  the  patrio- 
^sm  of '  these  coiporations  has 
hidierto  mad^,  and  I  trust,  will 
continue  tomfie,rtf  such  authflri-* 

Vol.  LXV. 


t7,  a  use  extremely  beneficial  foi; 
the  support  and  increase  of  t£e 
defenders  of  the  country. 

"I  likewise  return  thanks  to 
the  Cortes  fyr  the  unlimited  oonfirr 
dence  which  they  have  reposed  in 
my  government,  authorizing 


my  government,  aumonzmg  1^ 
ofits  own  accord^  and  by  means  oi 
its  principal  agents,  to  adopt  some 
extraordinary  measures  which  tho 
present  state  of  the  nation  induced 
me  to  nroj^se  as  indispensable.  If 
it  reaUy  is  indispensable  that,  in 
such  critical  times,  the  executive 
power  should  be  sufficiently  strong 
to  prevent  any  machinations,  ana 
secure  public  tranauiUity,  my 
government  never  will,  therefore, 
h)se  sight  of  the  respect  due  to  the 
liberty  of  the  Spaniards,  but  en* 
deavour  to  requite  a  confidence  so 
gratif3ring,  by  acting,  as  hitherto, 
with  ike  greatest  moderation  and 
economy. 

"The  position  in  which  the 
events  of  die  war  have  placed  my 
Government,  has  produced  an  in* 
temiption  in  the  communications 
with  several  of  the  agents  of 
foreign  Powers;  but  there  is  no 
reason  whatever  to  think  that  this 
momentary  interruption  can  dis- 
turb the  relations  of  friendship  and 
alliance  that  subsist  between  Spain 
and  those  cabinets. 

'*  Particular  circumstances  which 
might  expose  the  honour  of  my 
government  have  induced  me  to 
order,  as  a  provisional  measure, 
that  my  chaig^  d'affidres  should 
withdraw  firom  Lisbon. 

"  Nevertheless^  the  ties  subsist 
untoudied  by  which  two  nations 
are  united,  whose  evident  interest 
itisto  live  together  in  peace  and 
harmony  :  and  the  commercial  in* 
tercourse  has  continued  uninter- 
rupted. 

"  In  the  interior,  every  thing 
su&rs  finw  the  fatal^efiects  of  a 

L» 

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162*    ANNUAL  REGISTER,   1823. 


desolating  war,  and  the  most 
beneficent  laws  and  measures  can- 
not produce  favourable  results  in 
the  midst  of  such  disasters.  Divine 
Providence  is  pleased  to  try  us  in 
all  ways  :  but  I  trusty  gentlemen, 
that  at  last  it  will  grant  a  triumph- 
ant issue  to  the  justice  of  our 
cause.  If  the  treason  of  some  has 
done  for  the  invaders  what  they 
could  not  expect  from  their  own 
efibrts,  the  country  has  still  left 
many  heroes  who  remind  the 
French  army  of  the  Spaniards  of 
IB  13.  If  some  governments,  who 
are  inimical  to  liberty  and  light, 
haveconspired  against  us — ^if  others 
have  fomken  us  from  a  near- 
sighted policy-— all  nations  behold 
their  interests  connected  with  ours, 
and  are  ardent  in  their  wishes  that 
in  this  struggle  we  may  be  vic- 
torious. 

*' Gentlemen  Deputies,— Then 
rest,  for  the  present,  from  your 
laudable  labours,  and  reap,  from 
the  esteem  of  your  fellow-citizens, 
the  fruits  whidi  you  so  richly  de- 
serve. Endeavour  to  inculcate  on 
their  minds  the  necessity  of  their 
all  uniting  around  my  constitu- 
■  tional  throne  and  of  discord  and 
unfounded  distrust  disappearing 
from  amongst  us.  Let  the  consti- 
tution be  our  only  motto,  national 
independence,  freedom  and  honour 
our  only  wish,  and  unmoved  con- 
stancy be  ever  opposed  by  us  to 
ttiisfortunes  which  we  have  not 
merited.  My  government  shall 
cease  to  east  before  it  take  any 
step  contrary  to  the  oaths  hy 
winch  it  is  connected  with  the 
country,  or  to  what  is  required  by 
the  honour  of  the  nation,  and  the 
dignity  of  my  crown  ;  and,  if  cir- 
eurastances  shall  require  it,  it  will 
seek,  in  the  extraordinary  Cortes, 
a  safe  harbour  for  the  vessel  of  the 
stsate.    In  such  case,  I  will  assem- 


ble them,  always  dq[)ending  upon 
their  zeal  and  patriotism,  and  joint- 
ly we  will  travel  in  the  path  of 
glory,  until  a  peace  be  obtained  at 
once  honourable  and  worthy  of 
Spaniards  and  of  myself!** 

Answer  of  the   President  of 

the   Cortes,    to   the  King's 

Speech. 

"  Sire,— The  Cortes  of  the  Spa- 
nish nation,  on  terminating  their 
ordinary  sessions,  could  wi&  to 
congratulate  your  Majesty  and 
themselves  on  the  tranquil  enjoy- 
ment of  the  beneficent  institu- 
tions by  which  we  are  governed. 
But,  in  reality,  as  your  Majesty  has 
just  observed,  treacherous  aggres- 
sion has  scattered  over  this  nation 
all  the  evils  of  an  atrocious  war, 
in  which  fanaticism,  the  vices  and 
ignorance  of  the  aggressors  are 
cSffitinately  strug^ing  against  the 
virtues,  tiie  honour,  and  the  iflo- 
ndnation  of  the  offended.  In  such 
a  situation,  the  noble  resolution  of 
upholding  the  contest,  so  as  either 
to  vanquish  or  perish  with  glory, 
is  worthy  of  Sptmish  breasts. 

"And what  pretexts  have  they 
chosen  for  hostuities  that  will  ever 
be  the  scandal  of  tiie  civilized 
world  ?  To  protect  reli^on,  and 
maintain  the  prerogatives  of  your 
Majest/s  throne,  throujrii  a  reform 
in  our  constitution.  Sut  reHgkm 
is  not  protected  by  the  vi<^enoe  of 
the  superstition  of  the  barbarous 
£^es  ;  nor  are  the  throne  and  per- 
son df  your  Mi^esty  defended  by 
expoting  them  to  universal  disre- 
pute, by  the  excesses  which  axe 
committed  in  the  abuse  of  your 
Majesty's  name.  Above  aD, 
foreign  legions,  with  arms  in  their 
hands,  do  not  intend  to  reform  the 
constitution  of  any  conntry,  but 
rather  endeavour  the  destruction 
of  its  liberty,  and  the  vkilation  of 


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PUBLIC   DOCUMENTS.       163* 


its  most  valuable  rights:  hit  can 
these  be  the  active  measures,  at  this 
moment,  of  Princes  who,  but  lately, 
owed  to  our  firmness,  and  to  the 
exalted  state  of  those  principles 
which  they  are  persecuting,  some 
the  restitution,  and  others  the  pre- 
servation of  their  thrones,  and  all 
the  security  of  that  power  which 
they  now  empLoj  to  reward  such 
benefits,  at  our  hands,  by  injuries 
and  caliunities  ?  Such  conduct  can 
be  sanctioned  only  by  the  perfidi- 
ous ingratitude  of  those  Princes 
who  debased  and  prostrated  them- 
selves before  a  darms  soldier ;  nor 
can  it  be  supported  and  adopted 
but  by  degraded  Spaniards,  who 
are  absolute  strangers  to  honour* 
able  sentiments  and  national  inde* 
pendence. 

"  Theoontest  at  last  begun,  we 
at  first  esmerienced  reverses  from 
it,  of  which  some  should  not  sur« 
prise  us,  because  they  were  foreseen, 
and  others  have  been  the  results  of 
seduction  and  deceit,  rather  .than 
of  the  power  of  the  aggressors. 
But  these  momentary  advantages, 
far  from  humbling  our  valour, 
have  given  us  frcSh  vigour,  and, 
confidmg  in  the  justice  of  our 
cause,  we  await  oUr  triumph  un« 
moved. 

"  The  august  person  of  your 
Majesty  and  his  rojral  Family  being 
now  sheltered  within  these  impene- 
trahle  walls,  together  with  the 
national  representation,  &om  them 
we  will  repeat  the  lesson  which 
we  gave>  some  years  aoo,  to  the 
armies  the  most  formidskble  in  the 
world,  by  the  talents  of  the  chief 
who  directed  them,  and  by  the 
numbers  of  which  they  were  com* 
posed.  In  a  crisis  so  terrible,  the 
Cortes  have  done  all  they  had  to 
do,  which  was,  to  be  ftuihfid  to 
their  oath.  To  this  effect,  they 
have'put  their  courage  to  the  sever* 


est  trial,  and  performed  all  that 
necessity  required;  and,  howevec 
painful  some  of  dieir  resolutions 
may  have  been  to  them,  the  sacred 
du^  imposed  on  thefti  eoid  the  fun« 
damental  law  compelled  their  adop« 
tion. 

''The  just  wish  to  provide  the 
necessary  resources,  in  order  to 
maintain  the  independence  of  the 
nation,  has  lilcewise  induced  them 
to  ^rant  the  aids  of  men  and  monar 
which  have  been  called  for,  as  weU 
as  the  extraordinary  powers  whidi 
circumstances  required,  and  which 
the  patriotic  government  of  your 
Majesty  so  well  merited;  the 
Cortes  having  ever  been  guided  by 
the  sole  object  of  saving  the  coun* 
try  from  me  abyss  in  which  its 
enemies  wish  to  plunge  it ;  em- 
ploying their  utmost  seal  in  so 
regulating  the  distribution  and 
the  means  of  execution  as,  at  the 
same  time,  and  as  far  as  posable^ 
to  attend  to  the  relief  as  well  as 
welfare  of  their  constituents. 

''  In  the  arduous  position  in 
which  the  Cortes  were  placed,  aU 
most  from  the  moment  of  their 
first  assembling,  an  external  war 
on  the  one  hand,  and  on  the  other 
the  lamentable  effects  of  the  sordid 
machinations  of  theenemiesof  lightf 
of  the  painful  dereliction  of  some 
perverse  ministers  of  reliaon,  and 
of  the  stubborn  conduct  of  certain 
individuals  inured  to  the  exerdse 
of  despotism,  they  were  scarcely 
allowed  time  to  attend  to  other 
matters.  Nevertheless,  unwilling 
to  omit  any  thing  intrusted  to 
them,  they  have  endeavoured,  by 
all  the  means  in  their  ^wer,  to 
open  the  sources  of  {mbhc  wealthy 
to  set  aside  the  impedimentB  which 
industry  laboured  under,  and  to 
facilitate  trade  and  cnculation; 
careful  at  the  same  time,  to  secure 
the  right  administration  of  justice. 

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m^  AKi^uAi,  iueaisT^^  is??. 


and  tli§  s^ety  of  the  perDons  and 
^Mqperfty  cf  '  ISbaniar&  If  they 
kite  tat  accotnplyied  more^  it  has 
hseA  owkg  to  that  Qnfbrtonata 
ttiofiNsnt  when  the  chiefs  of  th^ 
European  nations  conspiied  against 

"It  is  truly  lamentable  ^t 
thk  genei^iis  nation  should  not 
liave  h6#  Mendly  int^coime  re^ 
^nked  by  the  rest  in  fhe  way  that 
tlieir  ummoa  mterest  reqoiresi 
but  she^  not  beiHs  answerable  for 
stn  ab«rratien  of  mmd  so  ill  loecom-' 
lag  the  enH^tened  age  in  whic^ 
W6  lite  she  must  oonsokf  herself 
with. not  hating  protohed  etil>  and 
having  e W  been  disposed  to  cood  ; 
aod/aboye  all/ to  £^ingui^^  by 
real  proofs  gf  useful  $^  rec^iocal 
unioit  those  states  whioh  were  dis- 
posed to  preserre  and  appreciate 
these  valuable  ties^  and  not  to 
sterifioe  the  interiBsts  of  their  sub- 
jeets  to  the  pasaicm  or  caprice  of 
tholsnileiv* 

"  The  steady  and  eonstltutional 
conduct  of  your  Majesty's  govern- 
xaent  leads  the  Cortes  to  rely  most 
fuUy  that  it  will  continue  to  fd- 
vuioe^  thus  nobly^  in  the  path  of 
^oory^  overcoming  every  obstacle, 
and  gteerliM^  the  vessel  of  the  state 
saiely  into  harbour,  aided  by  the 
2^  and  rescdutkm  of  the  heroic 
soldiers  of  all  arms,  the  praise* 
Htosthy  oonstitutional  eom>rations, 
and,  in  general,  by  the  noble  intre* 
padity  ta  the  Spaniards. 

''  The  Cortes,  qa^fied  with  the 
testimony  of  their  conscience,  ha>- 
i^g  religiously  discharged  their 
duties,  atad  wittumt  any  remorse 
arising  from  there  poJiticsd  conduct, 
a«e  come  ^gsun  to  this  invincible 
i^and^  the  terror  of  tyrants  and 
the  support  of  ft«e  men,  and  have 
assembled  anew  ia  this  very  ten- 
iae where,  in  spUe  of  the  then  ar- 


biter of  diad^  m^  of  thnme% 
ihat  eonstituUon  was  formed  aiii 
sanctionedjin  1 812,  wl^  is  to  he 
the  source  of  our  prosperity. 

^'  If  in  raising  on  this  spot  that 
everlasting  monument  of  herasni 
and  wisdom,  and  deiq[nang  the  fi^e 
and  the  snares  of  an  enemy  crsfkj 
and  terrible,  those  who  had  tlfe 
good  lurtrnie  to  be  deputies,  ^low^ 
ed  themselves  deservmg  of  theif 
mission,  the  present  reprtsenta^ei 
of  the  Spanish  na^on  will  nnitatf 
the  e^te^  example  of  magnani<* 
mity  in  danger,  left  them  by  their 
predecessors.  Resolved  never  ts 
Compound  wi^  their  own  in^my, 
they  will  maintain,  at  all  risk),  Ae 
oath  they  have  taken. 

"  On  an  occasions,  whether  prpf 
parous  or  adverse,  3roar  MajesTf 
will  never  fmd  them  retrogr^dhm 
in  the  csre&t  of  honour ;  tUi^  i£ 
once  more  assemlded  in  ex^tiordi^ 
ntury  Cortes,  the  good  of  the  comH 
try  so  requiring  it,  these  deputia 
should  have  again  to  exercise  the 
legislative  fuiictions>  they  wiD  r^^ 
peat,  in  the  face  of  the  whole 
world,  what  they  declared  in  thelf 
sittings  of  the  9th  and  llth  of 
January  last,  and  expressed  anew 
On  the  29th  of  July,  With  gencfs! 
apfdause. 

"  Your  Majesty  may  make  your* 
self  easy,  in  the  fuU  confidence 
and  security  that  you  will  mi 
ihem  by  joui  side  whencrv»  your 
Ms^esty  may  apply  to  them  to 
support  the  dignity  of  your  eonsti' 
tutional  throne:  smd  that  they 
never  can  wish  foca  day  of  gi«aler 
joy  t^  them  than  that  on  whkh, 
removed  with  your  Majjesty  to  lk0 
centre  of  the  monarchy,  they  taof 
be  able  to  congratulate  your  lla- 
jesfy  on  the  attainment  of  victory, 
atfiker  bavins  driven  the  enemy 
beyond  the  ryrenees." 


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JftLbttiAtammt  tUM  i^  Ob  Kino  of  8Min  m  Ok  D^  ht/bre  He 


"It  hemg  ike  first  cu«  of  a 
king  to  proHiote  the  haj^inefls  of 
his  subjects^  and  this  being  incom- 
patible with  the  oneeimiiiijf  which 
at  present  hangs  over  the  futuoe 
ofe^titiy  of  the  nation^  arid  of  the  in- 
dividuals composing  it,  I  hasten  tb 
/alia  the  anxieties  and  inquietude 
.arising  from  an  apprehension  that 
despotism  .will  be  established,  or 
that  it  wiU  be  governed  hy  faction. 
Identified  with  the  nation,  I  tave, 
with  her,  run  every  hazard  of  the 
war  to  the  last,  but  Ihc  imperative 
law  of  necessity  oompels  a  termina- 
tion to  it  Under  tKe  difficulty 
arinng  from  these  circumstances 
iny  powerful  voic^  alone  can  chase 
from  ike  kingdom  vengeance  and 
.persecution.** 

The  preamble  goes  on  to  state 
Ferdinand's  anxiety  to  dissipate  the 
norrors  which  threatened  Qadiz, 
and  to  put  an  end  to  the  disasters 
of  war,  with  which  view  he  had 
resolved  to  quit  the  city  on  the  suc- 
ceeding day,  previously  mddnf 
known  his  sentiments  in  the  fol- 
lowing manifesto  :— 

"  1.  I  declare  from  my  own  free 
and  spontaneous  will -and  promise, 
under  the  faith  and  security  of  my 
royal  word,  that  if  it  should  lie 
ibund  necessary  to  make  any  alter- 
ation in  the  existing  political  insti- 
tutions of  the  Monarchy,  I  will 
establish  a  government  which  shall 
cause  the  complete  felicity  of  the 
nation,  guaranteeing  the  security 
of  the  persons,  property,  and  civil 
liberty  of  the  Spanish  people. 

'Si.  In  like  manner,  I  promise,  of 
my  own  free  and  spontaneous  will, 
arid  have  resolved:  to  carry  into  ef- 
fect, a  general  act  of  oblivion, 
cdlriplete  and  absohik,  fbr  Hi  th^t 
ia  past,  Withdilt  ihf  exception,  in 


order  that  by  so^ofaig,  trMi%iii]B%, 
eoafidence  aad  umob,  so  nteeaM^ 
to  the  common  sood,  may  be  esta- 
Wshed  antong  tne  Spanish  people, 
and  whieh  my  paternal  heurt  ^ 
eamiestlr  ycanii  after. 

^  3.  in  like  manner,  I  promise, 
that  whatever  change  may  be  made, 
the  public  debts  and  obligatioau 
contracted  by  the  nation,  and  Jby 
my  government,  under  ihe  present 
system,  ^all  be  acknowledged. 

"  4.  I  also  promise  ik^A  assui^, 
that  all  the  generak,  chirfs,  officm, 
Serjeants,  and  corporals,  of  me 
army  and  ^avr,  who  have  liitherto 
attached  themselves  to  the  existing 
sj'stem  of  government,  in  wliatevvr 
part  of  the  Peninsula,  ^all  pre« 
sen^e  their  grades,  em^lojrmenfl, 
salaries,  and  nonours :  and  in  like 
manner  all  other  military  functi(m- 
aries  shall  preserve  theirs,  and  alio 
those  civilians  and  ecde&kstics, 
who  have  foUowied  the  ffovernznent 
and  the  Cortes,  who  de^)end  cm 
the  existing  system;  and  those 
who  by  reason  of  the  reductions 
which  may  be  riinde,  cannot  pre- 
serve their  employments,  shall  en- 
joy, at  the  least,  one  half  the  sala- 
ries which  they  now  have.  . 

"  5*  I  deckre  and  assure  equal- 
ly, that  as  well  the  Militia  Voten- 
teers  of  Madrid,  of  Seville^  and  of 
other  places,  who  may  now  be  hi 
this  iSand,  asalso  whatever  other 
Spaniards  may  have  taken  refuge 
in  it,  who  are  not  by  reason  of 
their  employments  obliged  ttt  re- 
main, may,  frorii  this  inoriierit,fredy 
return  to  their  homes,  or  trarisfer 
themselves  to  anv  part  of  the  Idi^- 
dom  tliey  may  think  proper,  under 
the  fullest  security  of  not  being 
molested  dt  ariy  fiihe  on  accounl  m 
their  anterior  political  cdridiicC  or 


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1G6*    ANNUAL  REGISTEB,  1823. 


opiiiiims;  andtheiiulitia»whoinay 
be  in  need  of  it,  will  obtain  fcnr 
ihflir  joumej  the  same  aanistance 
18  the  individnals  composing  the 
flovemment  army.  SpS^ard^  of 
Siatdassj  andstnmgers  whp  may- 


wish  toquit  the  Idogdom,  m^  do 
so  with  equal  liberty^  and  win  ob- 
tain the  necessary  paa^orts  for  the 
country  where  it  may  suit  tbemlo 


go- 


^Fbbnamdo." 


^'Ca^  Sept.d(^  1883. 


pBOCtAMATlOK  cfthe  Infant  Don  Mioitbl,  addressed  to  the  Vomo* 
OUB8B  NATION  ot  Villa  Fronco. 


**  PortuguesejF-It  is  time,  in  the 
name  of  tl^  best  of  kings,  to  break 
tlie  iron  yoke  beneath  whidi  we 
live  with  so  much  ignominy.  We 
haye  long  endured  an  intolerable 
despotism.  It  is  not  without  ex- 
treme pain  that  I  have  withdrawn 
dbedience  from  my  aueust  father; 
but  I  should  blush,  if  the  evils, 
whxdi  wei^  down  the  generous 
nation  to  which  I  belong,  could 
'  permit  my  resolution  to  be  shaken. 

"  It  is  timd  to  arrest  the  course 
of  those  evils  whidi  overwhelm 
the  nation,  and  my  honour  will  no 
longer  suffer  me  to  remain  in 
shameful  and  inglorious  inactivity. 
The  majesty  of  outraged  royalty  is 
become  the  lauehing-stock  of  the 
factious.  All  cbsses  of  the  nation 
are  overturned  by  infernal  wiles, 
and  we  shall  be  despised  by  Eu- 
rope  and  the  whole  world,  if  we 
are  so  cowardly  as  longer  to  suffer 
such  abasement. 

''Since  the  S4th  of  August, 
1820,  when  liberty  was  solemnly 
proclaimed,  and  promised  to  the 
nation,  we  have  rapidly  advanced 
towards  ruin.  A  long  reduced  to 
a  mere  shadow  of  authority— « 
magistracy  insulted  and  divested  of 
its  rights— a  nobility  humbled, 
despised,  and  stripped  of  all  consi« 
deration— ^religion  and  its  holy  mi- 
nisters turned  into  derision,  and  a 
butt  for  mockery.  What  must  a 
nation  become,  suflfering  under  such 
debasement? 


''Portuguese  arise!  Longer  to 
remain  in  this  state  of  apathy 
would  be  weakness  the  moat  in&- 
mous.  Alrea^  have  the  genenms 
warriors  of  Tras-os-Montes  pve- 
ceded  us  in  this  struggle.  Crane, 
then,  and  let  us  unite  under  that 
royal  standard  which  I  have  raind 
for  die  ddivenmce  of  oar  king. 

"  His  majesty— ftee— win  give 
a  constitution  to  his  peo^  Let 
us  confide  in  his  paternal  senti- 
ments, whidi  win  be  found  alfte 
exempt  from  despotism  and  lioea* 
tiousness— -which  will  at  oooe  re- 
concile the  nation  with  itKlf,  and 
with  all  civilised  Europe.  CoaK^ 
then,  with  me,  valiant  and  intrcfii 
Portuguese-^decide  with  me  to 
perish,  or  give  liberty  and  authori- 
ty to  his  majesty,  ai^  to  aO  daaes 
their  several  rights. 

"  And  you  ecdesiastica,  and  no- 
Ue  citizens  of  every  class,  hcritiir 
not,  but  come  and  lend  yoiur  aid  to 
the  sacred  cause  of  religion  aad 
royalty— the  cause,  indera,  of  alL 
Swear  not  to  taste  repose  until  we 
shall  have  re-establi^ed  the  king 
in  his  full  plenitude  of  wa^baaSj* 
Fear  not  that  we  diall  returm  to 
despotism,  or  that  vengeance  will 
be  exercised  on  any.  We  swear 
by  our  religion  and  our  honour, 
that  we  seek  onlv  the  union  of  the 
Portuguese  people,  and  oblivion  of 
the  past. 

(Signed)  "Mmrxu" 

<«  Villa  France  May  9J,  ISSl'' 


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PUBLIC   DOCUMENTS^       ie7* 


PSOCLAITATZON  ^  the  KiNO  of  POBTU'OAL. 


'^  Inhabitants  of  lisbon^—The 
salraticm  of  the  people  has  always 
been  a  supreme  law^  and  to  me  a 
sacred  law;  this  coDrictum,  which 
1ms  been  my  suide  in  the  critical 
drcomstances  m  which  Providence 
has  placed  me,  imperiously  pre« 
scribes  the  resolution  which  I  have 
taken  to-day,  with  rc^nret,  to  sepa* 
rate  myself  from  yon  rar  some  days, 
yielding  to  the  prayers  of  the  peo- 
ple, and  to  the  desues  of  the  army, 
wMch  accompanies  me,  or  has  pre- 
ceded me. 

-  *'  Inhabitants  of  Li8bon,«^Make 
yourselves  easy ;  I  will  never  belie 
the  love  wMch  I  consecrate  to 
you;  I  sacrifice  m3r8elf  for  you, 
and,  in  a  short  time,  your  dearest 
wishes  will  be  fulfilled. 

"  Experience,  the  wise  instruct 
tress  of  nations  and  governments, 
has  demonstrated,  in  a  manner 
very  afflicting  to  me  and  fatal  to 
the  nation,  t&t  the  existing  insti- 
tutions are  incompatible  with  the 
wOl,  the  customs,  and  the  persua- 
sions of  Ihe  greater  part  of  the 
monarchy;  the  evidence  of  facts 
confirms  these  assertions;  Brazil, 
that  interesting  part  of  the  monar- 
chy, is  torn  to  pieces;  in  the  king- 
dom, dvil  war  has  caused  Portu- 
euese  blood  to  be  shed  by  the 
hands  of  their  countr3rmen ;  the 
^bnger  of  foreign  war  is  imminent, 
and  the  state  is  threatened  with 
total  min,  unless  the  most  prompt 
and  efficacious  means  are  adopted. 
In  this  afflicting  crisis,  I  act  as  the 


king  and  fiMher  of  my  subjects,  to 
save  them  from  anarchy  and  inva- 
sion, by  consolidating  the  parties 
which  are  hostile. 

*'  To  attain  this  derirable  end,  it 
Is  necessary  to  modify  the  consti- 
tution. If  it  had  made  the  h^^- 
ness  of  the  nation,  I  would  conti- 
nue to  be  its  first  guarantee ;  but 
when  the  mi^orky  of  a  natknr  de- 
clares itself  so  openly  and  hostile^ 
against  its  InstitutionB,  those  intti:^ 
tutions  need  reform* 

''  Citiaens,  I  do  not  desire,  nor 
ever  did  deidre,  absolute  power; 
and  I  this  day  reject  it:  the  senti- 
ments of  my  heart  are  repugnant 
to  despotism  and  to  oppiessk)n.  I 
desire  only  the  peace,  the  honour, 
and  the  prosperity  of  the  nation. 

'^Inhabitants  of  Lisbon,— Do 
not  fear  for  your  liberties,  they 
dmll  be  guaranteed  in  a  manner 
which,  securing  the  dignity  of  the 
crown,  shall  respect  anid  maintahi 
the  rights  cX  the  citiaens.  Mean- 
time, obey  the  authorities ;  avoid 
private  revenge;  stifle  the  mrit 
of  party ;  avoul  civil  war ;  and  in 
a  short  time  you  shall  see  the 
bases  of  a  new  code,  which,  seeur- 
ing  personal  safety,  pn^i^rty,  and 
emplojrments,  duly  acqmred  in  any 
period  of  the  actual  government^ 
shall  give  all  the  guarantees  that 
society  requires,  unite  all  wishes, 
and  make  the  prosperity  of  the 
whole  nation. 

"JohkVL,  Kii^'* 
"  VlUa  Frenca  de  Xen^  Msy  31,  IdSS.** 


DscBBfi  of  the  Kino  of  PoRTtrOAr.,  appointing  a  StnttA. 


''Considering  that  the  consti- 
tution of  1822  (founded  on  vain 
theories,  incompatible  with  the  an- 
dmt  hiMt^  opinions^  «nd  wants  of 


the  Portuguese  nation)^  fin*  fiom 
attaining  the  end  which  xts  authors 
announced^  was  in  contradiclioii 
with   the  monarchical  piiiic^ 


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16^  ANNUAL  REGtStBR,  18^. 


^Ufih  it  i^ipeared  to  oonflecrate,  ill 
(AdttHod  to  oonciliato  sod  to  iiudA" 
tain  the  rights  and  interests  of  the 
various  classes  of  die  state,  and  in- 
capable of  unitiug  the  minds  of  all 
tiieotisensy  Ijiulged  itneoesKuy 
to  jield  to  the  general  and  qpont»i 
neous  wishes  of  the  nation^  oon- 
.Tinoed  by  mekncholj  enerience  of 
the  sinister  intentions  of  the  disor- 
omiring  faction,  and  to  declare 
me  oonstitutkm  void  dejure,  as  it 
had  already  been  found  impractic- 
able and  absurd. 

'^  In  oonftHrmity,  therefore,  with 
4he  dearest  wishes  of  my  royal 
lieart,  and  with  the  rinoere  pro- 
mises which  I  made  in  my  proda- 
mation^  and  dedarationsii  eflfeo- 
tually  to  promote  the  happiness  of 
my  subjects,  by  means  oS  institu- 
tions, which,  on  the  one  hand  may 
restore  to  the  throne  on  which  Di- 
vine Providence  has  placed  me,  the 
grandeur  and  consideration  which 
oecome  it;  and,  <m  the  other  hand, 
Moure  to  the  Portuguese  the  soli- 
dity and  duration  df  the  indivi- 
dual right;  and  considering  that 
the  ancient  fundamental  law  of  the 
monaiehy  cannot  now,  as  it  for- 
merly did,  fully  answ^  the  eads 
whidi  I  have  conceived  in  my  pa- 
ternal mind»  unless  it  be  aooommo- 
d^»d  to  the  actual  state  of  civilis- 
ation, to  the  relations  of  the  va- 
rioBs  parts  of  which  the  Portuguese 
monarchy  is  composed,  and  to  the 
forms  of  the  representative  govern- 
ments establidied  in  Europe,  I 
iiave  thou^t  fit  to  appoint  a  Junta 
to  pr€mare  the  plan  of  a  funda- 
mental law  of  the  Purtugueae  mo- 
narchy, trusting  that  the  said  Junta 
wm  sipply  With  the  most  assiduous 


and  rincere  attention  to  fulfil  the 
important  tadc  which  1  have  in- 
trusted to  them,  and  will,  with  die 
least  possible  delay,  submit  to  my 
loyal  amprobation  the  new  funda- 
mental law,  which,  regulated  bf 
the  sound  principles  of  puUic  law, 
may  establish  in  perfect  harmaii^ 
the  exercise  of  the  supreme  power, 
and  the  permanent  L^al  secoiii^ 
of  the  pe<^le,  (^)ening  the  roadi 
which  may  conduct  the  public  ad- 
ministration, by  progressive  ameK- 
oration^  to  ihaX  ^egne  of  jperfeb- 
tion  whicn  is  oompatiUe  widi  hx^ 
man  institutions,  and  fix  at  once 
the  future  destinies  and  the  pnia- 
peri^  of  the  Portuguese  mcoa^ 
chy.  The  said  junta  shall  be  ooni- 
posed  of  14  members,  named  lii 
the  subjoined  list,  signed  Msamal 
Ignado  Martin  Pamplona,  Gostm 
Real,  member  of  my  counolj 
preceded  by  the  Conde  ' 
la,  minister  of  state  for  fbrogn  i 
fairs-^Palace  of  Bemposta,  June 
18." 

Signed  by  His  MjUBtrr. 

LIST  OF  THB  JUl>rrA. 

Antonio  Jose  Guiao,  surchbishif 
ofEvora;  Francisco  do  Borja  Ga»- 
^  Stockeler;  F.  M.  Trigooo  db 
AcMoMoratoj  J.  de  Soom  PiolD 
de  Magalhaes;  J.  Antooso  Far» 
de  Canralho;  J.  A.  de  QKveoa 
Leite;  J.  J.  Rodrigues  de  Bast«; 
J.  M.  Dantas  Pexeua;  D.  Maaod 
de  Portugal;  M.  V.  Teiseira  de 
Carvalho;  Mar^aa  de  Olhaa; 
Monsenhor  Gordo;  Rkardo  tlMf' 
mundo  Noquiera. 

(Signed) 
J.  M.  Paicplona,  Costa  Real 
Maee  of  Bemposta,  June  18»  193. 


liona,  T_ffffri 

counciL  and 

dePalB^ 

r-fbreum  aC- 


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PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS.      tdfl» 


MANirastp  ^  tike  Empbbob  o^  B9A2»»  to  Om  Bbazxua)I|,  f^  Ae 


ProviSenc^  which  watches  over 
the  stahility  and  pseservatiaii  of 
nationfly  has  in  its  profound  wisdom 
permitted,  that  this  empire  should, 
after  the  oolifirmatian  of  its  inde- 
pendence, and  the  union  of  all  its 
provinoes^  even  those  most  remote^ 
continue  to  advance  in  the  career 
q£  consoUdation  and  pro^ieri^. 
The  constituent  and  legislative  a»- 
semblj  laboured  with  assid^itjr, 
discernment,  and  activity,  to  form 
a  constitution  calculated  firmlj  to 
plant  the  constitutional  intern, 
and  cause  it  to  take  deep  root  m 
this  extensive  empire.  On  this  im- 
moveable fbundationi  theconstmo- 
tion  of  the  social  edifice  was  stea- 
dily j;>roceeding,  and  such  was  the 
(pinion  entertained  by  foreigners 
or  the  Bra^nlian  nation,  thai  ihe 
principal  powers  of  Europe  would 
soon  have  recognised  the  inde- 
pendence of  the  empire,  and  would 
even  have  been  ambitious  of  con- 
tracting political  •imI  commercial 
relations  with  us.  This  brilliant 
prooiect,  which  nothing  seemed 
capable  of  obscuring  was  dimmed 
by  the  unetpected  storm  which 
overcast  our  horiaon.  The  genius 
of  mischief  inspred  restless  and 
evil«diq;KMed  qarits  with  criminal 
designs,  and  kindled  the  flame  of 
disooard  in  the  puUio  mind.  Some 
time  a^  it  began  to  be  seen  and 
ascertained  that  theie  did  not  jire- 
val  in  the  assembly  that  umfiir- 
mity  of  true  princi|des  which  dis- 
tinguishes coHistitutionid  foven- 
ments;  and  that  harmony  id  sepa- 
rate powers  which  oanstkutes  tlMsr 
monu  and  physical  force  began  to 
waver.  Vaiious  and  eoiitinued 
attadu  on  the  eaecutive  power, 
and  its  eonoessioBS  for  tjhe.sak^  of 
harmony;  enervated  the  force  of 


the  ijovemmentyimd  oLently  luw 
dermined  it  The  spizit  of  iluh 
union  went  on  increasing ;  the  gall 
of  distrust  overflowed;  narties  were 
secretly  formed;  ma.  a  disor- 
ganising faction  suddenlvappeaTed, 
and  acquired  a  force  widdli  began 
to  alanii  the  minds  of  all  woorSby 
Brazilians,  whq,  soidy  anbnated 
by  jseal  for  the  public  mod,  and 
the  purest  patrutism^  treimbled  with 
horror  at  the  prospect  of  future 
dangers  which  thev  foresaw  ana  ex- 
pected. Meanwhile,  those  men 
who  had  meditated  and  contriwd 
subversive  plans,  and  who  con- 
tinued to  pracdse  their  sinister  arts, 
gained  over  some  honest  and  simple 
persons,  by  holding  out  the  na^ 
taring  idea  of  the  better  securii^ 
of  lil^rty-— that  sacred  idol,  always 
adored,  but  too  often  misunder- 
stood ;  others  by  persuadins  them 
that  the  government  had  become 
despotic ;  and  some,  perhaps,  W 
the  promiae  of  advantages]  whidi 
their  own  extravagant  imaginations 
exapforated.  At  last  they«cariied 
their  malignity  so  £eu:  to  to  pro- 
pagate the  calumny,  that  the  perfi- 
dious and  insidious  project  cf  -a 
union  with  the  Portuguese  go- 
vernment was  adi^ted. 

The  plans  being  laid,  ^e  means 
{^  acting  on  them  arranged  and 
put  in  motion,  and  the  dimriiltifS 
smoothed  which  '  were  suppos^ 
to  present  obstades  in  the  way  of 
success,  it  was  determined  that 
the  ocmcetved  and  long  premedi- 
tated doi^  should  be  carried  into 
effect 

One  of  the  means  chosen  as  most 
certain  was  to  sow  discoid  between 
tiie  citaaens  bom  in  Brazil  and 
Ihose  who  are  na^^es  of  Portvunl, 
by  the  means  oT  journals  written 

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170*   ANNUAL  REQISTBR,  1823. 


with  a  dexterous  artifioe  and  viru- 
lence^ aiming  at  tbe  destruction  of 
the  moral  force  of  the  goyemment^ 
and  threateningmy  imperial  person 
with  the  examples  of  Iturbide  and 
of  Charles  I.^  and  also  through 
emissaries  who  supported  and 
propagated  the  same  seditious  prin- 
ciples. 

The  fermentation  wUdi  was  to 
duce  the  revolutionary  volcano 
thus  prepared,  the  faction 
wtaidi  had  hecouie  preponderant  in 
the  assemb^v  availed  itself  for  the 
uital  explosion  of  a  petition  nom 
the  dtiisen  David  Pionplona — de- 
scribed as  a  Brazilian  by  birth, 
being,  nevertheless,  a  native  of  the 
Portuguese  islands, — who  com- 
plained of  some  blows  whidihe  had 
receivedfrom  two  Brazilian  officers, 
natives  of  Portu^,  and  who,  ac- 
cording to  the  opinion  of  a  commit- 
tee, ought  to  have  proceeded  by  the 
ordinary  course  of  law.  Before  day- 
light, and  with  the  most  criminal 
forethought,  the  leaders  of  this 
horrible  faction,  assisted  by  their 
partisans,  invited  a  number  of  per- 
sons to  come  armed  with  poniards 
and  pistols  to  support  them,  by 
spreading  terror  among  those  illus- 
trious, honourable,  and  worthy  de- 
puties of  the  assembly,  who,  faith- 
ful to  their  oaths,  made  it  their 
sole  endeavour  to  fulfil  the  just 
confidence  reposed  in  them  by  the 
noble  Brazilum  nation,  and  who, 
consequently,  wished  to  maintain 
the  tranquillity  necessary  to  their 
deliberations. 

On  that  unhappy  day,  tragic 
and  firightful  scenes  took  pk^ 
Cries  were  set  up,  and  supp<Hrted 
in  a  manner  equally  extracrdinary 
and  scandalous.  The  illustrious 
president,  with  a  prudent  vigilance 
displayed  in  the  breaking  up  of  the 
nttinff,  put  a  stop  to  evils  which 
wouU  have  l^uist  forth  wi^  t|Q 


dread&l  nciae  of  an  imskeoae  vol- 
cano, fermented  by  the  ftny  of 
parties,  by  national  haHed,  by  the 
thirst  of  vengeance,  and  by  the 
most  inflated  ambition.  Such  was 
to  be  ei^ected  from  the  great  num- 
ber of  persons,  who,  within  and 
without  the  assembly,  were  di>- 
posed  to  sustain  the  prefects  of  this 
terrible  &ction ;  and  sncii  was  to 
be  feared  firom  the  great  quantity  of 
arms  profusely  stM  in  Uie  city  on 
the  preceding  days,  and  fimn  tlie 
scandalous  acclamations  by  whidi 
ihe  leaders  of  the  vricki«l  par^ 
were  received  and  extolled  by  their 
satellites  when  they  came  out  of 
the  assemHy,  in  despite  even  of  my 
imperial  presence. 

This  scene  of  danger  vras  anm 
renewed.  Ykieat  and  vinuent 
speeches  from  those  who  bdong  to 
iiiB  faction  continned  to  fan  the 
flame  of  discord,  and  many  of  &ar 
dependents,  both  in  the  galleries 
of  the  assembly  and  wkhout,  pro- 
tected the  haxrible  results  whidi 
were  the  necessary  oonaequences 
of  the  premeditated  plans.  To  this 
Old  they  demanded  and  obtained 
the  establishment  of  a  permanem 
session,  under  the  specious  pietext 
that  it  was  not  fit  it  diould  be  dis- 
solved until  tranquillity  should  be 
established.  For  this  latter  olrieot, 
I  had  commanded  the  whde  of  the 
troops  to  mardi  and  assemble  in  the 
plain  of  S.  Christovao,  with  de 
just  design  of  leaving  the  aasemhfy 
in  perfect  liberty;  and  I  af^erwaids 
acquainted  the  assembly  vridi  this 
determination,  in  order  thai  tb^ 
might  take  into  considerBtion  the 
motives  which  I  justified  it,  and 
the  necessity  of  providing  some 
positive  measures  tending  to  the 
re-establishment  of  tranquilli^. 
No  such  measures,  however,  were 
taken,  but  they  continued^  on  Ike 
oont^i^ytop^^ii^^ethi^^pdiscoBsioB| 


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PUBLIC   DOGUMBNTSv     171* 


with  the  nme  wanntih  andobsti- 
naey ;  and^  under  cover  of  a  mul- 
titude of  specious  pretexts^  the  ruin 
of  the  country  was  aimed  at,  while 
their  first  and  most  decided  attacks 
were  directed  towards  my  august 
person,  whidi  was  treated  with 
every  disrespect  that  calumny  and 
malignity  could  suggest. 

Nor  was  revolutionaiy  fury  the 
only  feeling  which  appeared  in 
these  extravagant  attacks.  They 
went  still  fur&er,  and  aimed  at  an 
excessive  r&rtnction  of  the  attri* 
butes^  which  belong,  by  the  very 
nature  of  representative  govern- 
ments^ to  the  head  of  the  executive 
power,  and  which  had  been  con* 
ferred  on  me  by  the  nation  as  con- 
stitutional emperor  andperpetual 
defender  of  BrazU.  They  even 
went  so  far  as  to  require,  that  the 
whole  or  a  great  part  of  the  troops 
should  withdraw  to  a  distance 
from  the  city;  thus  leaving  the 
govemmait  without  its  necessary 
vigour  and  support. 

The  dehiy  in  adopting  decisions, 
which  18  always  dangerous  in 
urgent  cases,  and  which  must 
fiiully  prove  &tal  in  the  present 
melancholy  state  of  af&in— the 
horrible  prospect  of  some  imminent 
catastrophe— the  despair  of  some 
—-the  pnde  and  political  fanaticism 
of  others— the  alarm  and  fear  of 
aU  peaceful  citizens-^the  danee- 
rous  state  of  the  country,  and  me 
dread  of  the  ruin  and  subversion  of 
the  states— all  imperatively  demand 
prompt  and  efficacious  measures, 
and  remedies  which,  though  ap- 
parently violent,  can  alone  suc- 
ceed in  producing  early  and  happy 
results. 

And  what  measure  would  be  the 
most  likely  to  succeed  in  so  ar- 
duous and  perilous  a  crisis?  What 
dike  could  be  found  to  stay  the 
xeyohitionaTy  torrent^  to  bear  up 


against  the  force  of  its  waves,  and 
to  paralyse  them  completely  ?  No 
other  was  so  obvious  or  so  p6wer- 
ful  as  the  dissolution  of  the  assem- 
bly. This,  and  the  dismissal  of 
the  ministers,  are  the  preservatives 
£rom  public  disorders  in  constitu- 
tional monarchies;  diis  last  was 
put  in  practice,  and  there  was  then 
no  other  resource  left  than  to  carry 
the  first  into  execution,  thoudi  to 
tlie  great  sorrow  and  grief  of  my 
imperial  heart  Acti^ted,  there- 
fore, by  these  powerful  motives, 
and  by  the  urgent  necessi^  of 
saving  the  country,  which  is  a  mi- 
preme  law,  and  justifies  extreme 
measures  in  cases  of  great  risk,  I 
commanded  the  dissohition  of  the 
assembly  by  the  decree  of  the  12th 
current,  at  the  same  time  directii^ 
the  convocation  of  another,  ac- 
cordins  to  the  public  constitu- 
tional law,  to  whidi  I  am  desirous 
to  conform. 

In  that  same  decree,  as  well  as 
in  that  of  the  13th,  which  re- 
peated and  extended  it,  irrefiiBgable 
proofs  were  given  of  the  absolute 
necessity  of  adopting  so  forcible  a 
measure,  and  of  my  anxious  desire 
to  re-establish  the  constitutional 
system,  which  was  proclaimed  by 
the  Brazilian  nation,  and  which 
can  aloneensurethehappiness  of  the 
empire.  If  circumstances,  so  diflft- 
cult  and  perilous,  have  compelled 
me  to  put  in  practice  so  violent  a 
remedy,  I  have  only  to  observe 
that  extraordinary  evus  require  ex- 
traordinary measures,  and  that  it  is 
to  be  hoped  that  they  will  never 
be  rendered  necessary  asain.  The 
people,  now  satisfied  of  the  extent  of 
my  magnanimity  tfnd  confltitotioaal 
princi^es,  and  of  my  earnest  desire 
to  promote  the  national  happiness 
and  tranquillity,  will  desist  ficom 
the  commotion  caused  by  this  dis- 
astrous event,  wl4ch  is  equally 


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m*    AJ^KUAL  Rfi^HSfEtt,    rt99. 


painfiil  to  tnyselt  and  i^  cO(^ 
Soueto  enjoy  tlie  peace,  trai^* 
^uillity^    and   prosperity,    vfhica 


the  c(mstittttidn.pvdD»iM  AnA  M- 
cures.  Thb  Empshob. 

Eio,  Not.  15. 1823. 


Pbojsct  ^  the  Bbazilkan  Gonstitutiok. 


*  The  following  are  tte  principal 
claused  of  ihe  project  of  constitu- 
tion for  the  empire  of  Brazil,  or- 
ri^ed  in  the  Coundl  of  State, 
hasef  presented  by  the  Emper- 


or; 


TiTLfc  l.«-Of  the  Bnroire  of 
Brofil^  kM  Territory,  Oa?emk 
Btfnt^  Dfoaaly,  and  BeHgum. 

Art  1.  The  empirfe  of  Braril  ik 
t}ie  pdlidcal  assodation  of  all  Bitu- 
iSSan  dtisen.  They  fatm  a  fi^ 
fctid  independent  nation,  which 
idhiite  of  no  other  bond  of  union 
Otfederation  which  may  be  opposed 
to  its  independence. 

Art  2.  Its  territory  is  divided 
into  protinoes,  in  the  fbrm  at  pre^ 
Mmt  existing,  which  may  be  sub^ 
iiyided  as  the  good  of  the  state  re- 
quires. 

'  Art.  S,  Its  soremment  is  a 
monarchy,  hereditary,  constitution- 
Id,  and  representative. 

Art  4.  The  reigning  dynasty  is 
ttiat  of  Senhor  Don  Pedro,  the 
existing  Emperor  and  perpetual 
deader  of  nraril. 

Art.  4.  The  catholic  apostolic 
Ifotnan  relipon  shall  continue  tb 
be  the  religion  of  the  empire.  AH 
Mher  reli^ons  will  be  tolerated, 
With  their  domestic  or  particular 
worship,  without  any  external  form 
df  temple. 

TiTLS    IL^JOf    Braeilian    Citi- 


Art«  6 — ^Those  shaU  be  Brazi- 
iian  dtizens — 1.  who  are  bom  in 
Braril,  Whether  free-bom  or  freed- 
jietL      Thill   Will   be    th6    case 


though  the  father  be  a  fore^ner, 
provided  he  does  not  reside  in  Bra- 
ril in  the  service  of  his  aation.  2. 
The  sons  of  a  Brarilian  father^  m 
the  illegitimate  children  of  a  Bo- 
rilian  mother  bom  in  a  foragn 
country,  wlio  may  come  to  esta- 
blish their  domicile  in  the  emput. 
S»  The  children  of  a  BraziIiiB 
father  who  may  be  in  a  torngt 
country  in  the  service  of  the  enl- 
pire,  even  though  they  should  not 
come  to  establish  wemselvet  in 
Brazil.  ^  All  those  bomin  Par- 
tu^  or  its  possession^  whp»  being 
resident  in  praril  at  the  time  a 
proclaiming  the  independence  «f 
Se  povinces  in  which  they  resd^ 
shall  adhere  to  that  independence  ex- 
pressly or  tacitly  by  continidng 
their  residence.  5.  NaturaliflW 
fordgners,  whatever  be  their  rdj- 
gion.  The  law  shall  determine 
the  qutdities  necessary  to  obtimi 
naturalization. 

Art  7-  He  shall  lose  his  rigUs 
of  Brazilian  dtizeh— 1.  Who  natu- 
ralizes himself  in  a  fi:>reign  coun- 
try. 2.  Who,  without  leave  mm 
the  Emperor,  shall  aecept  enlplojr- 
ment,  pension,  or  decoration  uom 
any  foreign  government  3.  Ik 
who  is  banished  by  judicial  sen- 
tence. ^ 

Art.  8,  The  exercise  ofpoBbcil 
rights  is  suspended.  1.  oy  inc^- 
padty,  phyrical  or  moral.  3.  B^^ 
judioal  degradation. 

Title  III.    Of  Powers  and   i3» 
National  Representatkm. 
Art.  g.  The  divi^on  and  har- 

tiody  bf  p6litl(^  p^efs  S  {Ee 


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opaaern^l^re  |tri]v4pl*  rf  tbe  eights 
fifths  citiz^TVh  iiu\d  tho  most  secum 
means  of  establishing  the  effective 
guarantee  which  the  copstitution 
offers. 

Art.  10.  The  political  ^wpr9 
recogiuzed  by  the  oonstitution  of 
Brazil  are  four-— tl^e  I^;idativ^, 
po W^rj,  ^e  mpderatiiw  pow^^  ^  the 
executive  pow^ri  ana  uie  judicial 
power, 

Avt*  11,  The  r^reieiUativ^  of 
the  Bcazilian  nation,  are  the  Em-i  * 
peror  and  thp  Gener^  Assembly. 

Arf.  18.  All  powers  in  the  em- 
pire pf  Brazil  are  delegations  from 
the  nation* 

TiTt^   IV.    Of  the  Legia^tive 
Pgwer. 

Oaptcr  I.*^Of  the  fanmdiei  of 
the  LegUative  Fowery  and  their 
separate  jurisdictioa. 

Art.  13.  The  legislative  power 
b  delegated  to  the  general  assembly 
with  w  aanctiofi  ^the  Empcvor. 

Art.  14.  The  general  assembly 
is  coqippaed  of  two  chAmb^r^— rtbe 
chamber  of  deputies,  and  th^ 
chamber  of  senators  or  senate. 

Art  15.  It  belongs  to  the  gene- 
ral assembly— 1.  To  take  the  oath 
of  ^  the  Emperor,  the  Imperial 
Prince,  the  Regent  or  Regency.  2. 
To  elect  the  l&gent  or  Regency, 
find  to  mark  the  limits  of  its  aur- 
thority.  3.  To  recognise  the 
imperial  Prince  as  successor  to  the 
throne,  in  the  first  meeting  after 
,  his  birth.  4.  To  nominate  a  tutos 
to  the  Emperor  when  a  minor,  in 
case  his  fhtner  shall  not  have  nomi- 
nated one  in  his  testament  5.  To 
resolve  the  doubts  that  may  arise  rer 
lativtt  to  the  succession  to  the  throne. 
6.  On  the  death  of  the  Emperor, 
or  a  vacancy  of  the  throne,  to  instil, 
tute  an  ins^uiry  into  the  a^inistra- 
t}on  whicftjbas  coQcli|4ed,  and  to 


reform  abuses  introduce  ijdtait*  1, 
To  select  a  new  djmas^  in  case  of 
the  extinctioi^  of  the  present  q;ie» 
8.  To  make  laws,  to  interpret  fhein^ 
and  to  si^spend  them.  9^  To  watdf 
over  the  constitution,  fmd  to  prp^ 
mote  the  general  eood.  10\  T^q 
fix  annually  the  putmc  cluu:ffe|;|  gna 
to  assess  the  dire^f  pontributippi 
11.  To  fix  annually^  on  the  report 
of  the  government,  the  ordii^iW 
and  extraordinary  forces  by  se^  ^^ 
land.  12.  To  grant  or  to  refuse 
an  entrance  to  foreign  tpo]^J^  l^ 
sea  or  land,  within  the  empire  oi^ 
its  ports.     13.    To  authofixe  tho 

f>vemment  tp  contract  loans.  14^ 
o  establish  convenient  means  for 
the  myment  of  the  publiq  debt. 
15*  To  regulate  the  administra^ 
tion  of  the  national  domains,  and 
to  decree  their  alienation,  1$.  ^ 
create  or  suppress  public  employ- 
ments,  and  to  establish  those  thai 
are  ordered.  17*  To  determine  th^ 
weight,  value,  inscription,  typc^ 
and  denomination  of^  money,  as 
well  as  to  regulate  weights  an^ 
measures. 

Art  16.  Each  legislature  shall 
last  four  years,  and  ev^ry  tessiqa 
four  months. 

Art  17.  Each  of  the  chambers 
shall  have  the  title  of  "  the  Au-i 
gust  and  most  worthy  representa-* 
tives  of  the  nation." 

Art  18.  The  Imperial  session 
of  opening  will  every  year  be  the 
Srd  of  May. 

Art.  19.  The  session  of  pronv* 
gation  shall  likewise  be  imperial, 
and  both  shall  take  place  in  gene* 
ral  assembly,  the  two  chamber^ 
being  united. 

Art.  20.  The  cetemofaial^  and 
the  manner  in  which  the  Emperor 
shall  take  part  in  the  .bu^ness^ 
shall  be  settled  by  an  interior  regu? 
lation. 

Art  2),  Thenomixisy(knioftlM( 


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174*    ANNtAL   REGISTER,  1823. 


respective  preadents^  vice  prea- 
dents>  and  secretaries  of  tlie  diain-< 
her,  ihe  verificatioii  of  tlie  powers 
of  its  members,  the  form  of  the 
oath,  and  the  internal  police, 
shall  be  executed  according  to  regu- 
lations to  be  enacted. 

Art.  S2.  In  the  meeting  of  the 
two  chambers^  the  president  of  the 
senate  shall  pre&de;  the  deputies 
and  senators  shall  occupy  places 
promiscuously. 

Art.  23.  To  constitute  a  cham* 
ber  at  the  commencement  of  a  ses« 
sion,  it  will  be  necessary  that  the 
half  of  the  members,  and  one  more 
should  have  assembled. 

Art  24.  The  sitting  of  both 
chambers  shall  be  pubhc,  with  the 
exception  of  cases  where  the  public 
good  shall  require  secret  sittings. 

Art  25.  Business  shall  be  de- 
cided by  a  plurality  of  votes  of  the 
members  present 

Art.  20.  The  members  of  each 
of  the  Chambers  are  inviolable  on 
account  of  the  opinions  which  they 
shall  utter  in  the  exerdse  of  their 
functions. 

Art  27.  No  senator  or  deputy, 
during  his  deputation,  can  be  ar- 
rested 1^  any  authority,  except  by 
order  of  his  respective  chamber, 
unless  in  fiagrarUe  delicto  of  a 
capital  crime. 

Art.  28.  If  any  senator  or  de- 
puty be  denounced,  the  judge,  sus- 
pending every  ulterior  proceeding, 
^lall  sive  an  account  to  his  respec- 
tive diamber,  which  shall  decide 
whether  the  proceeding  is  to  go 
on,  and  whether  the  member  shall 
be  suspended  in  the  exercise  of  his 
functions. 

Art.  29.  Senators  or  deputies 
may  be  elected  Ministers,  or  Coun- 
cillors of  State,  with  this  diffe- 
rence;  that  the  senator  may  conti- 
nue in  his  chamber,  wlule  the 
deputy  must  be  sent  to  a  new 
election. 


Art  SO.  They  may  enioy  die 
two  offices,  if  they  exercised  one  of 
them  at  the  moment  of  election. 

Art  31.  No  person  can  be  at 
the  same  time  a  member  of  the  two 
chambers. 

Art.  82.  The  exercise  of  any 
other  function,  except  that  of  ooun* 
dllor  or  minister  of  state,  ceases  » 
long  as  the  functions  of  the  deputy 
or  senator  continues. 

Art  S5.  In  the  interval  of  the 
sessions,  die  Emperor  shall  not 
have  it  in  his  power  to  employ  a 
senator  or  deputy  beyond  the  em- 
pire :  nor  shall  they  exercise  these 
employments,  when  they  would 
render  it  impossible  to  attend  on 
the  convocation  of  the  diambers. 

Art.  84.  If  the  gpood  of  die 
State  should  render  in  any  un- 
foreseen case  a  breach  of  tins 
rule  necessary,  the  respective 
chamber  shsdl  determine  on  that 


Chapter  II.— QT  the  Ckmmber  ^ 
Deputies. 

Art.  85.  The  Chamber  of  Depu* 
ties  is  elective  and  temporary. 

Art.36.  The  Chamber  of  Depu- 
ties has  tiieinitiative«-l.  On  taxes. 
2.  On  recruiting.  8.  On  the 
choice  of  a  djrnasty,  in  case  of  the 
extinction  of  tiie  reigning  family. 

Art  37.  The  Chamber  of  De^ 
ties  shall  likewise  have  the  initia- 
tive in  the  following  cases: — 1. 
An  inquiry  into  the  past  adminis- 
tration, and  the  reform  of  abuses 
introduced  into  it  2.  The  discus- 
sion of  propositions  made  by  the 
Executive  power. 

Art  88.  They  shall  likenriae 
decree  the  impeadiment  of  minift? 
ters. 

Art.  Sg.  The  deputies  shall  en- 
joy during  the  session  a  pecuniary 
subsidy,  fcsides  receiving  the  ex- 
penses of  their  journey  to  and 
mmi  the  chamber. 

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PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS.       175* 


.  Chapter  III.— or  ^ '^^n^- 

Art.  40.  The  senate  is  composed 
of  members  elected  for  life^  and 
will  be  organised  by  a  provincial 
election. 

Art  41.  Every  province  shall 
elect  a  number  of  senators  equal 
to  half  its  deputies,  if  the  nuinber 
of  deputies  be  an  even  one— <af  not* 
a  number  less  than  the  half  by 
one.  Thus  a  province  which  sends 
11  deputies  shall  only  elect  five 
senators. 

Art  4A.  But  if  a  province  has 
only  one  deputy,  it  shall  nevertho* 
less  have  a  senator. 

Art  43.  The  elections  shall 
take  place  in  the  same  way  as  for 
the  deputies^  but  in  triple  lists, 
and  the  Emperor  shall  choose  the 
third  part  of  the  whole  list 

Art  44.  Vacancies  shall  be  fill- 
ed up  in  the  same  way  as  a  first 
election. 

Art  45.  To  be  a  senator  it  is  re- 
quired.—1.  That  he  be  a  Bnudl- 
ian  citisen^  and  enjoy  political 
rights. — 2.  That  he  De  40,  or  up- 
TviBirds. — 3.  That  he  be  a  person  of 
knowledge^  capacity,  and  virtue, 
giving  a  preference  to  those  who 
Imve  pertormed  services  to  their 
country.— 4.  That  he  enjoy  an 
income  from  land,  industry,  or 
commerce,  of  800  milreas. 

Art  46.  The  princes  of  the  Im- 
perial House,  are  of  right,  mem- 
bers of  the  senate,  and  take  their 
seat  as  soon  as  they  are  25  years 
of  age. 

Art.  47.  It  is  the  exclusive  pri- 
vilege of  the  Senate. — I.  To  take 
cognizance  of  the  individual  ofien- 
ccs  committed  by  the  royal  family, 
the  ministers,  and  the  councillors 
of  state,  and  the  senators ;  and 
the  ofiences  of  the  deputies  during 
the  period  of  the  legislative  ses- 
sion.— 2*  To  enforce  the  respon- 
nlnHty    of    the    secretaries    and 


oooncillora  of  8tate.-«iS.  To  ez« 
pedite  letters  for  the  convocation 
of  the  assembly,  in  case  the  £m^ 
peror  has  not  done  so  two 
monthi  after  the  time  prescribed 
by  the  constitution*  "4.  To  con« 
voke  the  assembly  on  the  death  of 
the  Emperor,  for  the  election  of 
a  regency,  when  necessary. 

Art  48«  In  proceeding  against 
crimes.,  the  impeachment  of  whidi 
does  not  belong  to  the  Chamber  of 
Deputies,  the  procureur  of  the 
Crown  shall  be  Uie  accuser. 

Art  49.  The  sessions  of  the 
senate  shall  commence  and  finish 
at  the  same  time  as  those  of  the 
Chamber  of  Deputies. 

Art.  50.  With  the  exception  of 
the  cases  ordered  by  the  constitu- 
tion, every  meeting  of  the  Senate 
beyond  the  time  of  the  sittinjan  of 
the  Chamber  of  Deputies  is  ulicit 
and  of  no  effect. 

Art.    51.   The    salary   of  the 
senators  shall  be  one  half  more 
than  that  of  the  deputies. 
Chapter  IV.— Qf  the  Proposition, 

Discussion,  Sanction,  and  Prom 

mulgationof  Laws* 

Art.  52.  llie  propoang,  the  op« 
posing,  and  the  approving  of  pro- 
jects of  laws,  are  within  me  power 
of  each  of  the  chambers. 

Art.  53.  The  Executive  power 
exercises,  through  any  of  the 
ministers  of  state,  the  proposition 
of  laws;  but  these  propositions 
can  only  be  converted  mto  projects 
of  law  after  an  examination  oy  a 
commission  of  the  chamber. 

Art.  54.  Ministers  may  assist 
and  discuss  propositions,  but  are 
not  allowed  to  vote,  unl^  they  be 
members  of  the  chamber. 

[Art.  55, 56,  57,  58, 59, 60,  6I, 
62,  63,  64,  65,  66,  67,  68,  69, 
and  70,  relate  merely  to  the  mode 
of  proceeding  with  resp^  to  bills 
in  me  two  chambers^  and  the  mles 


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whidiv^^ulate  the  communications 
J)etweentliem.J 

^lapter  V.^Of  ik$  Oounmls 
General  o/*  the  Provinoes  and 
tMr  JMmdioiioM. 

Art  71.  The  constitution  re^ 
cpgnizes  and  guaraBtees  the  right 
OTCvery  citizen  to  take  a  manage- ' 
qientin  the  affairs  of  his  province^ 
which  may  have  a  relation  to  his 
individual  interests. 

4rt.  72,  This  right  will  be  ex- 
ercised hy  chambers  of  districts, 
and  councils  called  "  councils  ge- 
i)eral  of  the  provinces." 

Art.  73.  £ach  of  these  councils 
shall  consist  qf  21  members^  in  the 
lODSt  pqpulous  pcovincos. 

[The  other  articles  of  this 
chapter,  namely,  74,  75,  76, 
77,  78,  79,  SO,  81,  82,  83,  84, 
85,  86,  87,  88,  and  89,  regulate 
the  composition,  bu^ess,andinode 
of  pnxiedinfi;  of  those  councils; 
matters,  which  do  not  seei^i  to  com^ 
within  the  range  of  a  fundsuoental 
or  poostitutional  act.^ 

Chapter  VL-^Of  the  Elections. 

Art*  90.  The  nmnination  of 
the  deputies  and  senators  for  the 
general  assembly,  and  of  the  coun- 
cils general  of  the  provinces  shall 
take  place  by  indu-ect  elections, 
the  mass  of  active  citizens  electing 
in  parochial  assemblies  the  electors 
of  provinces,  and  the  latter  choos- 
ing the  representatives  of  the 
nation  and  the  province. 

Art  91  and  92.  All  Bragilian 
dtixens  have  a  vote  in  the  parochial 
assemblies,  with  the  exception  of 
minors,  military  officers,  priests, 
monks,  servants,  and  a  description 
of  persons  that  may  be  (^ied 
paiipers. 

Art.  95.  Those  who  oannot 
vote  in  the  parochial  assemblies, 
cannot  be  members  of,  or  vote  for 
any  authority. 


Art.94.  Fixes  the yialifieatioii 
of  a  provincial  elector  at  300 
milreas,  arising  from  land,  indus* 
try,  or  commerce. 

Art.  95.  Freemen  cannot  vote 
at  provincial  elections* 

Art.  96.  To  be  eli^^  to  the 
Chamber  of  Deputies  a  qua!liilca- 
tion  of  400  milieas  of  nett  annual 
income  is  required.  Natpr^ised 
foreigners  and  persons  not  profess* 
ing  the  religion  of  the  state,  are  ex« 
duded. 

TiTLB  V...-^)f  the  ExaeutiTe 
Power- 


Art  100.  The  tide  of  the! 
peror  shall  be  that  of  '^  Constim* 
tional  Emperor,  and  Perpetual  De^ 
fender  of  Brazil  f  he  shall  be  ad- 
dressed by  the  style  of  "  Imperial 
Majesty." 

Art.  101.  The  Emperor  exer- 
cises the  moderating  power.*—!. 
By  nominating  the  senators  as  pre- 
scribed in  article  43.  2.  By  ooo- 
voking  the  extraordinary  gencnl 
assembly  in  the  interval  between 
the  sesdons.  3.  By  sanctioimig 
the  decrees  of  this  assembly  to  giine 
them  the  force  of  law.  4.  By  pro> 
roguing  the  general  assemblr,  and 
dissolvmg  the  Ch^nber  ci  Depu- 
ties, in  cases  in  which  the  safety  of 
the  state  shall  require  it  5.  By 
nominating  his  ministers.  6.  iff 
suspending  magistrates.  7  ^^  $• 
By  pardoning  and  granting  am- 
nesties. 

Chapter  11.  —  0/  th  Exeaiihe 

Poc^er, 

Art.  100.  The  Emperor  is  the 
chief  executive  power,  whidi  he 
exercises  throuffh  his  ministen  of 
state.  Th&  following  are  its  pdn* 
cipal  attributions. — 1.  HecoBm^a 
the  general  assanUy.  %  He  ivh 
minates  bishop%  mapstiEtei,< 
manders  by  sea  and  bnd^  and  j 


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HeCnrmi  aOiBiioM  Mid 
enters  into  mlitiettl  (ormga  mgo- 
tiatioM.  H%,  imikfe§  war  aid 
rnahes  peace.  He  rives  letters  of 
aslvnJmtioB,  d^s.  ftc. 

Art.  108.  The  emperar,  be- 
fore being  proekimed,  iball  take 
before  the  pieriaoat  of  ike  senate 
the  Mkming  oath — f'  I  swear  to 
maintaiadie  Roman  Catholie  re- 
ligion,  the  itile^prity  and  indiTisibi- 
litj  of  the  emmrej  to  observe,  and 
to  eAuse  to  be  <d)serf^  thepoHllcal 
eomtoutien  of  1^  Bra^lian  iiatioii> 
and  the  kwt  of  tSie  enphre  t  and 
to  provide  for  the  welfare  of  Brasil 
as  Ihr  as  in  me  lies-" 

Ar^  X04r*  The  emperor  cannot 
go  out  of  Brasil  without  the  con- 
sent of  the  general  assembhr ;  and 
if  he  does  so^  he  is  oonsioBred  as 
abdicating  the  Crown. 

Chapter  III — Of  ih$  Imperial 
JPiamUy  004  H$  Income, 

(Under  tfiis  head  the  artides 
kmn  105  to  115^  are  unimportaiit ; 
A^  regard  ineorae  or  dotation, 
sM  refer  raerelj  to  future  regula- 
tions.^ 

CJkapter.  IV^^Of  the  Imperial 
Succession. 

Art  11^.  The  Senhor  Don 
Fedro  I.,  l^  the  imanimous  aoeb- 
matf on  of  the  pe^le,  now  eon- 
sdtulioMBl  empemr  and  perpetual 


iefaider. 


always  reign  fa 


Art!  117.  Ifis  legitimate  pesta- 
fby  jAmM  suceeed  to  die  t^one  ae- 
oordinff  t6  tiie  regular  order  ef  pri* 
SMgemtwe  and  representatien,  Uie 
intmer  line  being  alw^r<  pro- 
Ibted  to  tile  posterior;  in  the 
same  Une,  the  nearest  degMe  te 
tfM^Mwe  UMiote ;  in  the  sMne  de- 
gree the  iBMsogfiiie  eex  to  the  teni- 
dne;  «ad  in  dse  eame  seig  dm 
IKiiDmieee  ^gsd  te  the  yoongwv 
Voi,.  LXV. 


Art  118.  In  the  case  of  dn 
Ifaies  ef  the  legitimate  descendants 
of  Don  Pedro  I.  becominff  eztinety 
tlie  general  smombly  diaU,  during 
tbeufeof  thebstdeseendanty  elea 
a  new  dynasty. 

Art  119.  Noforsiflurcansue- 
oeed  to  die  imperii  crewn  ef 
BvariL 

Art  )iea  Themeniageof  the 
princess,  presumptive  heir  of  the 
crown,  duJl  take  place  with  the 
empenn's  approbation.  In  ease 
these  dumld  be  no  emperor  at  the 
time  when  euch  inamage  is  ^ro* 
posed,  it  eannot  be  eoncluded  with* 
oat  the  approbatien  of  the  general 
assembly.  Her  husband  ean  take 
no  pert  in  the  eovemment,  and  is 
not  to  be  called  emperer,  until  he 
harre  a  son  or  dau(^ter  ty  the  enu 
press. 

Obapter  V.^^fihe  Bezency  dur^ 
ingthe  Minority  or  Uqfitness  ^ 
the  Emperor* 

Art  1121.  The  emperor  is  a 
minor  until  die  age  of  18. 

Art  122.  Dimng  a  annovi^ 
the  enq^  shell  be  governed  bye 
repency,  to  which  diall  belong  die 
BB&tive  nearest  of  kin  to  dieem* 
peror,  whe  ahaHhe  aged  meee  then 
525yeaa. 

Art  123.  If  there  be  no  re- 
ladve  of  the  emperor  Qualified,  the 
general  assembly  dual  appoint  a 
permanent  regency,  oonsistinff  of 
diree  members,  the  oldest  ef  whom 

Art  124.  Until  the  permanent 
regency  he  appointed,  Um  empire 
sittH be gevemed by  aprevisional 
r^^enev,  eempesed  of  two  minis- 
ters of  state  and  of  jostice,  and 
of  the  two  oldest  oounoiSors  ef 
mute,  presided  by  the  enqpnss 
dewnger;  and,  ia&ng her,  by  the 
<ddest  oeunciBor  of  state. 

Alt  125.    CThedbjeetef  thia 


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arddc  afipean  to  be^  to  provide 
for  the  oBfle  of  the  death  of  th^ 
empress.]] 

Art.  126.  [Thu  article  directs, 
that  in  case  of  phyacal  or  moral 
incapacity  on  the  part  of  the  em- 
peror, recognized  by  a  majority  of 
each  of  the  chambers  of  the  assem- 
bly, the  prince  recent,  if  he  be 
turned  of  18,  shall  be  appointed 
ii^nt.3 

Artl27«  The  repent  or  regraicy 
shall  take  the  oath  mentioned  in 
Art  103,  with  the  addition  of  a 
clause  for  fidelity  to  the  emperor, 
and  iw  the  delivery  of  the  govern- 
ment as  soon  as  he  shall  be  of  age, 
er  his  incapacity  shall  cease. 

Art  yS8.  llie  acts  and  orden 
of  the  regent  or  regency  shall  be 
issued  in  the  name  of  the  em- 
peror. 

Art  129.  Neither  the  regent 
nor  the  regency  shall  be  responsi- 
ble. 

Art  130.  During  the  minority 
of  the  successor  to  me  throne,  b^ 
shall  have  for  his  tutor  the  person 
i^ipointed  by  his  father's  will; 
or  failing  such  person,  the  empress 
mother,  while  she  remains  unmar- 
ried ;  failing  her,  the  assembly 
diall  appoint  a  tutor ;  but  the  ap- 
pointment must  not  be  given  to  the 
next  heir  to  the  crown^ 

Chapter  Vt—Of  the  Ministry. 

Art  131.  There  shall  be  dif- 
ferent secretaryships  of  state,  to 
which  shall  be  referred  the  affidrs 
belonging  to  each. 

Art  132.  Orders  shall  proceed 
from  the  ministera  of  state,  other- 
wise they  cannot  be  executed. 

Art  133.  The  ministers  of 
state  shall  be  responsible — 1.  For 
treason.  2.  For  corruption,  subcnr- 
nation  or  extortion.  3..  The  abuse 
of  power.  4.  For  fuOure  in  the 
observance  of  the  law.  5.  ForacU 


cmlrary  to  the  Iflwrty,  secn&qry 
or  property  of  citizens.  6.  Foi 
any  waste  of  puUie  property. 

Art  134.  A  jMu^icular  kw 
shall  specify  the  liatare  of  theie 
offences,  and  the  manner  of  pro- 
ceeding against  tiybm. 

Art  135.  The  ministers  caBBot 
escape  from  their  re^ponsilHlitf,  k 
oonsequenoe  of  any  orders  givea  by 
the  emperor,  whether  verbal  cr 
written. 

Art  136.  Foreigno^  although 
they  may  be  natundijEed,  connot 
become  ministem  of  state. 

Chapter  Vlt^Tke  CauncUrf 
State. 

Art  137.  There  shall  be  a 
council  of  state  composed  of  conn* 
dllors  for  Hfe,  appointed  b^  tbe 
emperor. 

Art,  138.  Their  number  ahaD 
not  exceed  ten. 

Art  139.  In  this  number  the 
ministers  of  state  are  not  to  be  in- 
cluded, neither  shall  the  minuteo 
act  as  councillors  of  state,  witboat 
being  expressly  (^pointed  for  that 
purpose  by  the  emp^xir. 

Art.  140.  The  same  qualifies- 
tions  are  requisite  for  a  coundllflr 
of  state,  as  for  a  senator. 

Art  141.  Before  taking  de 
oath,  the  eounoillora  of  state  wgf 
swear,  in  the  presence  of  tbeatt- 
peror,  to  maifttain  the  Catholic  i^ 
Ugion,  to  respect  the  constitathn 
and  the  laws,  to  be  fiedthful  to  llf 
emperor,  and  to  give  bw  oooV* 
ennous  advice,  havmg  in  view<a(f 
the  welfare  of  the  nation. 
'  Art  142.  The  opinioa  rf  *J 
councillors  shall  be  neead  on  m 
important  business,  and  jm  tbi 
general  measures  of  admini^ 
tion;  but  principally  on.  queiti^ 
of  war  or  peace,  n^;otktioitf  wb 
foreign  po  wcmi,  and  on  any  oc** 
flion  on  which  the  en^ieier  tB0f 


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PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS.       179^ 


fivopose  to  exercise  any  of  the  fbnc- 
tions  of  the  moderating  power 
pointed  out  in  Art.  100,  with  the 
exception  of  the  6th. 

Art  14S  The  councillors  of 
state  shall  he  held  responsihle  for 
any  advice  they  may  give  with  the 
design  of  violating  the  laws  or  the 
interests  of  the  state. 

Art^  144.  The  imperial  prince^ 
on  coming  of  age^  shall  he  presi- 
dent of  the  coundl  of  state.  The 
other  princes  of  the  imperuJ  family 
cannot  heoome  members  of  the- 
council^  exc^t  by  the  appointment 
of  the  emperor.  The  princes  are 
net  to  be  included  in  the  number 
specified  in  Art.  138. 

Chapter  Vlll^^MUUary  force. 

Art  145.  Every  Brazilian  is  re- 
quir^  to  bear  arms  in  defence  of 
die  independence  and  integrity  of 
the^  empire^  and  to  protect  it 
against  its  enemieq,  foreign  and 
domestic. 

Art  146.  The  general  assembly 
not  having  determined  on  the 
permanent  amount  of  the  naval 
and  military  foroe^  it  shall  remaiii 
at  its  present  amount^  until  the 
above-mentioned  assembly  shall 
either  increase  or  Himinigb  it. 

Art  147.  The  military  forte  is 
essentially  obedient.  It  can  never 
be  assembled,  except  by  command 
of  the  legitinlate  authority. 

Art  148.  It  behmgiB  to  the  ex- 
ecutive  jpower  to  employ  the  naval 
and  mihtary  force  as  may  be  expe- 
dient for  the  security  d  the  em- 
pire. 

Art  149.  Officers  of  the  army 
and  navy  cannot  be  deprived  of 
their  conlmisBions,  excq>t  by  the 
sentence  of  a  competent  tribunal 

Art  150.  A  spec&l  ordinance 
wiU  regulate  the  organisation  of 
the  Brazilian  army  and  navy,  theB< 
promotions,  pay  and  d^pluie« 


TitlbVI^— Of  die  Judicial  Paw«r. 

Chapter  I. — 0/  the  Judges  and 
Courts  qf  Justice- 

'  Art  151.  The  judicial  power  is 
independent,  and  shall  be  composed 
of  Judges  and  jurors,  both  in  civil 
and  criminal  cases,  in  sudi  manner 
as  the  law  shall  hereafter  deter<i 
mine. 

Art.  16^.  The  jurors  shall  pro- 
nounce on  the  fact,  and  the  judges 
shall  apply  the  law. 

Art;  158.  The  Jud^  shall  be 
perpetual;  by  which  it  is  not  to 
be  understood  that  some  may  not 
be  transferred  to  other  offites  and 
places,  at  the  time  and  in  the  num^ 
ner  which  the  law  shall  determine. 

Art  154.  On  complaints  beina 
preferred,  the  eitaperto  call  suspend 
the  judges,  fifter  ^ving  them  au- 
dience and  consulting  the  council 
ofstate. 

Art  155.  Judges  cannot  be  diM 
pkced,  except  by  a  sentence. 

Art  156.  All  judges  of  law,  and 
officers  of  justice,  are  responsifale 
for  the  abuses  of  power  and  trans- 
gressions conimittGd  in  the  dia-i 
diarge  of  their  duties. 

Art  157.*  Judges  may  be  ivose-i 
cuted  for  subornation,  corruption, 
or  extortion ;  and  the  action  may 
be  instituted  within  a  year  «md  a 
day,  either  by  the  person  aggrieved 
or  by  any  other,  the  forms  of  pro- 
cess estalilidied  by  hiVd  being  ob- 
served. 

Art.  158.  in  order  to  the  trying 
of  causes  in  the  second  and  derrifer 
resort,  there  shall  be  established  in 
the  provinces  the  tribunals  neoes^ 
sary  fcr  public  convenience^ 
.  Art  159.  In  crimiiud  oases,  the 
exsoninations  of  the  witnesses,  and 
all  the  proceeding^  of  the  trials 
shall  be  published  immediately  en 
the  decifdoii. 

Art/  160.  In  civil  causes  or  af4 


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tMRis  fbt  dvU  pcBftltids,  tk6  partial 
may  nominate  arHtraton. 

Art.  161.  Without  proof  of  re- 
conciliation having  been  attempted^ 
no  prosecution  can  be  cODamonoecL 

Art  iGi.  ^or  this  porpote 
(time  diflll  be  jusdoes  of  die  peace, 
wiio  diall  be  elected  at  tbe  same 
tine  and  manner  as  the  memberB 
of  the  chambers.  Their  powers 
a^di«rict.AiiUl»i«gulated1>7 

UfW. 

Art.  169.  Beaidea  the  coort 
which  tBust  exist  in  the  capital  of 
the  empire^  as  well  as  in  the  pr»« 
rmcM,  there  will  also  be  a  court 
entitled  ^e  supreme  tribunal  of 
jastice»  ait  whidi  will  preside  judges 
ssiecled  ftom  the  oiher  courts^  ao* 
ooidilig  to  tkeir  seniority. 

Aft  l64b  Tfaedtitiesof  thistii- 
boaal  will  bfr— 1.  To  permit  or  to 
refiue  the  revision  of  oadses  in  the 
way  determined  by  the  law.  ^ 
To  inquire  into  the  abuses  eottunit- 
ted  1^  its  own  offieeni  or  those  of 
titeodier  courts^  persons  connected 
with  the  dij^omatie  bedy,  and  the 
presidents  of  die  provmces.  3.  To 
uvestigate  and  to  dedde  on  di** 
putes  respecting  Ihe  jurisdiBtioii 
and  eom^etency  of  the  pfovineial 
courts. 

TiTLB  VII. — Of  the  Administra^ 
tion  Bnd  Economy  of  the  Pro- 
vinoes^ 
Chapter  T.-r^  AdmimsiraHoiu 

Art  165.  In  each  province  there 
dudl  be  a  president  appointed  by 
di^  cdipeior,  who  will  hB;ve  the 
poiwer  of  teimmng  him,  when  sodi 
a  vcasure  sny  be  deemed  expe- 
dient for  tlffi  welfare  of  tbe  state. 

Alt.  166.  The  law  will  deter- 
inne  dM  «ttributes  and  stoduizity 
of  diese  presidents. 

Chapter  ll^Oflhe  Coundk. 
.  Art  167.  Im  all  the  cities  and 


towns  mw  eiiBtiiw,and  in  tkosa 
which  may  hereaner  be  created, 
diere  shall  be  coutidk  for  manif 
ing  the  economical  and  mimiripal 
govemmoit  of  the  said  dtifis  mxA 
towns. 

Art  >68.  The  coundk  shall  be 
elected  and  composed  of  the  nom* 
ber  of  land-holders  whidi  the  la# 
may  detennine;  attdhe  who  may 
obtain  die  greatest  number  of  vota^ 
shall  be  president 

Artl6g.  ThefuncdoMofthtse 
ix>undls,  the  Ibrmation  of  their  po* 
Uoej  the  application  of  their  revo* 
nues^  and  all  their  uaefiil  atttfif* 
buteg,  shall  be  decreed  by  *  rtgt^ 
ladnglaw. 

Chapter  in.^{This  Chapter  e»- 
t^kUshte  the  piSndpal  Finisiwsl 
amngtaients  of  tha  an^t^e.} 

TkTLB  VIIL— Of  the  ge^enJ  K»- 
ffUlations  and  Guarantees  of  the 
Civil  and  PoKdcal  Ri^^ts  of 
Braxilian  Citizens. 

Art  178.  What  is  staaed  1^ 
fleeting  die  limits  and  myaaiie 
juriadictiOttS  of  the  poiidosi  |posr«r% 
and  tv^pectmg  die  poancBl  ann 
dvil  nghtaof  citiiens,  ias^one  QQO* 
sdtutionaL  Every  Aing  not  oasiP* 
sdtudonal  may  be  tdtern  by  oe£- 
aary  legislatures)  widmut  the  £m^ 
iaacities  reionred  to. 

Art  179-  T^  invioUnli^  af 
the  civil  and  poKticai  nAta  of  ^le 
Braciltan  dttaensy  whioh  navie  §ot 
their  bads»  liberty,  atfi  d»  I 
of  persons  and  property^  is  \ 
teed  by  the  constitution  of  t 
nire  in  die  foUowitig  manner  9-«>»l. 
No  atiaen  oan  be  lonipiUti  aa 
dfi^  or  to  wfiatii  <nom  doing  aa^ 
diWcioepfcmTictnaef  die  Ins; 
S.  NohMrdHlbetfuideaxocpalbr 
pnbliMitilifty.  S.  Its  tiiwHiiitif 
Aall  never  be  fetrooctiT^    4.  Afl 


persons  lai^  oosanMinieaae 


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tbovf^  V  <PMck  or  wxiting^  sod 
irobliflh  then  by  die  pma»  indo^ 
pendent  of  ceiuordup.  NeTeith&> 
kas>  thcj  muBt  bo  repponnble  for 
tke  abuses  wbi^^  tbej  may  oommxt 
in  tbe  exerdoe  of  this  xigbt,  in  the 
cases,  fund  aoeordinf  to  the  finms, 
wfaidi  die  law  shall  determine. 
^.  No  one  can  be  trooUsd  ga  aOi- 
oount  of  rdigten,  so  long  as  be  r»- 
speete  die  state,  and  gives  no  of- 
fence to  public  morals,  ft  Eveiy 
Msoft  maj  remain  in^  or  dqiart 
mm  the  empire  at  pleasure,  the 
polioe  regulatiotis  being  observed, 
asidjniigudkse  to  third  parties  saved. 
7*  The  house  of  e)verT  eitiMn  is  aa 
iimDlahle  asylum:  by  night,  it 
cannot  be  cateeed,  except  with 
tiie  ownei^s  consent,  or  to  save  it 
fnm  fire  or  inimdatioo ;  by  day,  its 
^Dtrance  can  be  sanctioned  only  in 
4ihe  cases,  and  according  to  the 
which  the  law  shall  de- 
6.  No  person  aot  in- 
oan  be  arrested,  except  n 
the  cases dadaoed  by  the  law;  and 
la  thoae  caaes^  within  Si  hours, 
in  cities  or,  towns  near  the 
judge's  residenoe,  and  within  a 
reasoaaUe  period  in  nlaees  more 
nmoee  the  judae  dudl,  fay  a  note 
signed  by  hiinsca,  make  known  60 
iibe  priamer  die  cause  of  his  arrest, 
die  neoses  of  his  accusers,  and  of 
die  witnesses  against  him.  9. 
Even  after  indu^ent  no  person 
ahready  anestad  ^all  be  detained 
in  prison.  If  hec£^  prefer  bail, 
in  the  cases  in  idiich  bail  is  ad- 
mitted by  law ;  and,  in  general,  in 
offences  to  whieh  no  greater  p&» 
nalty  is  attached  than  six  ■lanthi' 
imprisonment,  or  baaishment  from 
the  district,  die  accused  may  be 
set  at  liberty  cm  his  own  vecogni- 
xanoe.  la  With  the  exertion  of 
those  taken  in  flagrante  delicto, 
no  person  can  be  imprisoned  with- 
out a  written  mder  from  a  lawful 


attdiflcity*  If  die  order  psove  l# 
be  aibitraiy,  die  jud^  who  grams 
it,  shall  be  punished  in  the  maaaer 
the  law  may  direct  ll«  No  one 
shall  be  sentenced  except  by  the 
competent  authority,  and  in  virtue 
of  an  anterior  law.  12.  Theindfr- 
pendenee  of  the  judicial  power 
shall  be  maintained.  No  autliority 
can  assume  jurisdiction  over  pend- 
ing causes,  sti^them,  or  revive 
acdcBs.  IS.  The  law  shall  be 
equal  to  aUL  whether  to  protect  or 
to  punish,  and  shall  reward  every 
one  according  to  his  deserts.  14. 
Every  dtiaen  is  admissibte  to  pub- 
lic o6fces,  civil,  pditical,  or  mili^ 
tary,  widiout  distinctian,  except 
as  nspects  his  talents  and  virtues. 
15.  No  one  shall  be  etempt  from 
contributing  to  the  expenses  of  the 
atate  in  proportion  to  his  means.  1& 
All  privili^es,  not  esseatiaUy  con- 
nected with  offices  of  public  utility, 
are  abolished.  17-  With  the  eocr- 
eeption  of  the  oausv^  fi^iich,  fixun 
dieir  nature,  belong  to  particular 
jurisdictions  in  oonfinmity  with 
the  law,  dmre  shall  be  no  parivi- 
Ipged  courts  nor  special  commis- 
sions, ei^er  ia  civil  or  erimittal 
ceases.  18.  A.  civil  and  criniinal 
code,  fbanded  on  die  solid  basis  of 
jufltiee  and  equity,  shall  be  drawn 
ap  as  soon  as  pooiUe.  19*  From 
this  time  henceforth  are  for  ever 
abolished,  whmin^  the  torture, 
branding,  and  all  the  more  cruel 
punidiments.  20.  No  punishment 
shall  extend  beyond  the  person  of 
the  delinquent.  Wherefore  in  no 
caae  diall  property  be  confiscated, 
or  infamy  be  transmitted  to  any  of 
die  relatives  of  the  criminal.  21. 
The  gaol  shall  be  secure,  d^, 
and  well  r^ulated,  bavins  divi- 
sions for  die  separation  of  the  pri- 
soners according  to  their  prcum- 
stances,  and  die  nature  of  their 
crimes.    22.  The  right  of  property 


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182*    ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1823. 


if  guaranteed  in  its  fullest  extent 
If  the  poUic  good^  legally  proved, 
require  the  use  or  the  loan  of  pro- 
perty >  the  owner  shidl  be  previously 
indemnified  for  the  value  thereof. 
23.  The  puUic  d^  is  in  like 
manner  fuBy  guarahteed.  24.  No 
kind  of  labour,  cultivation^  indus- 
try, or  commerce,  can  be  prohibited, 
if  it  be  not  opposed  to  public  mo^- 
rals,  or  to  the  safety  and  health  of 
the  citixens.  25.  All  professional 
corporations  are  abolished.  26. 
Inventors  shall  have  secured  to 
them  the  property  of  their  disco- 
veries or  productions.  2?.  The 
secrecy  of  letters  is  inviolable. 
The  administration  of  the  post 
office  is  made  rigoroushr  responsible 
for  every  infraction  of  this  artide. 
28.  Rewards  conferred  for  services 
done  to  the  state,  whether  civil  or 
military,  remain  guaranteed.  29. 
Public  officers  are  responsible  for 
abuses  and  omissions  in  the  exer^ 
cise  of  their  functions,  and  for  not 
exacting  an  effective  responsiHlity 
from  their  subalterns.  30.  Every 
citimn  may  present  in  writing  Co 
the  legislative  body  and  to  the  ex- 
ecutive, remonstrances,  complaints, 
or  petitions,  and  may  expose  any 
inmction  of  the  constitution,  re- 
iqjuiring  from  the  competent  autho- 
rity the  eSkc^ve  rmonsibility  of 
the  infractors.    SI.  The  constitu- 


oours*    32.  Primary  and  gratak^ 
ous  instruction  to  all  citisens.    SS. 
CoUeses  and  universities,  whereiii 
shall  be  tau^t  the  elements  cf  dit 
sciences,  literature,  and  the  arts. 
34.  The  constitutional  aatfaorities 
cannot  suspend  the  oonstitataon,  in 
what  respects  the  ri|^ts  of  Individ 
duals,  except  in  the  cases  andcir- 
cumstaaoes  spea&ed  in  the  next 
section.    3^.  In  cases  of  rebeOioB 
or  of  hostile   invasion,  and   tibe 
safety  of  the  state  requiring  thst 
some  of  the  forms  whidi  guaraolee 
personal  liberty  should  be  dispf^ 
ed  with  for  a  cotain  timet,  ibm 
same  may  be  done  by  a  moal  aet 
jof  the  l^ialature.    If,  however, 
'the  le^^d^ure  should  not  alt  tkia 
time  be  assemUed,  the  covemmcnt 
may,  the  danger  rf  &e  oountij 
bein^  imminent,  exerdae  thia 
caution  as  a  provisional  and  is 
pensable  measure,  to  be  iuuaedi* 
ately  suspended  whoi  llii  hiiiimIIj 
which  caused  it  ceases;  in  cither 
case,  there  is  to  be  pcoeoted  to  tie 
assembly,  on  its  meeting,  a  tepmi 
of    all    the    imprisonments    and 
grounds  of  arrest  and  other  pre> 
cautionary  measures  .which  mMf 
have  been  taken.    Whatever  aaa* 
thorities  may  have  ordcted 
measures,  sWl  be  hdd  i 
for  the  abuses  which 
taken  ]^ace. 


tion  also  guarantees  public  suc- 

(Si^ied)  JoAo  Lkvbblano  Macisl  da  Cobta. 

Luiz  Joes'  DB  Cabvalho  B  Bisixok 

ClBMBNTE   FbRBBIBA  FRAK9A. 

Mabiano  Joes'  Pbbbiba  da  Foncsca 

JOAO   G0MB8  DA   SlLYBlRA   ElIDONfA. 
FRAN9I8CO  VlLl,BLA  BaBBOBA. 

Barao  DB  St.  AoMAita 
Antonio  Luis.Abbcbiba  da  Cunra. 
Mangel  Jacinto  Nogceiba  Gama. 
Josb'  Joaquim  Cabneibo  DB  Campo% 


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PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS.       183» 


The  Mv86AOB  of  the  FnKBnmrnof  the  United  Statbs  Io  ihe 

CoNQIIB8B^ 


Fdlow  Citisens  of  the  Senate, 
mod  House  of  Representatives^ — 

Many  important  subjects  will 
daim  your  attention  duiiiig  the 
present  session,  of  which  I  shall 
endeavour  to  give,  in  aid  of  your 
deliberations,  a  just  idea  in  this 
ooinmunieation.  I  undertake  this 
duty  with  diffidence,  from  the  vast 
extent  of  the  interests  on  which  I 
liave  to  treaty  and  of  their  fpeat 
importance  to  eveiy  portion  of  our 
Union.  I  enter  on  it  with  seal, 
from  a  thorough  convietion  that 
theore  never  was  a  period,  since  the 
establishment  of  our  revolution, 
ixdien,  regarding  the  condition  of 
the  civilised  WOTld,  and  its  bear- 
ing on  us,  there  was  greaternece»- 
sity  for  devotion  in  the  public  ser- 
vants to  their  respective  duties,  or 
£ar  virtue  patriotism,  and  unimi, 
in  our  constituents. 

Meeting  in  yoo  a  new  Congress, 
I  deem  it  proper  to  present  this 
view  c^  public  affidrs  in  sreater 
detail  ^nm  might  otherwise  be 
necessary.  I  do  i^  however,  with 
peculiar  satasfieustion,  from  a  know- 
ledge that,  in  this  respect,  I  shall 
eomply  more  fully  with  the  sound 
prino^ples  of  our  government.  The 
pcofie  bein^  with  us  exduaively 
the  sovereign,  it  is  indiqiensable 
that  fuU  information  be  la^  before 
them  on  all  important  suUects,  to 
enable  thrai  to  exerdse  that  high 
power  with  complete  effect.  If 
kept  in  the  dark,  ihey  must  be  in- 
competent to  it.  We  are  all  liable 
to  enor,  and  those  who  are  engag- 
ed in  the  management  of  pubuc 
a&irs,  are  more  subject  to  excite- 
ment, and  to  be  led  astray  by  their 
pardeular  interests,  and  passions, 
than  the  great  body  of  our  consti- 
me^lts,  wn;^^  living  at  bom^  in  the 


pursuit  of  their  ordinary  avoca« 
tions,  are  calm  bu]t  deeply  inte- 
rested spectators  of  events,  and  of 
the  conduct  of  those  who  are  par- 
ties to  them.  To  the  people, 
every  department  of  the  govem- 
m^it,  and  every  individual  m  eadi 
are  responsible  ;  and  the  more  full 
their  information,  the  better  they 
can  judge  of  the  wisdom  of  the 

Soliqr  pursued,  and  of  the  con- 
uct  of  each  in  regard  to  it.  From 
their  dispassionate  judgment,  miich 
aid  may  always  be  obtained;  while 
their  appiobation  will  form  the 
greatest  moentiye,  and  most  grati- 
fying reward  for  virtuous  actons  ; 
and  the  dread  of  their  censure  the 
best  security  against  the  abuse  of 
their  cmifidence.  Their  interests, 
in  all  vital  questions,  are  th^ 
same  ;  and  the  bond  by  sentiment^ 
as  well  as  by  interest,  will  be  pro- 
portionably  strengthened  as  ihey 
are  better  informed  of  the  real 
state  of  public  affairs,  emecMly 
in  difficult  conjunctures.  It  is  by 
such  knowledge  that  local  preju- 
dices and  jeatousies  are  surmount- 
ed, and  that  a  national  policy,  ex- 
tending its  fostering  care  and 
protection  to  all  the  great  inte^ 
rests  of  our  union,  is  formed  and 
steadily  adhered  to. 

A  precise  knowledge  of  our  re« 
ladons  with  ibre^  powers,  as  re- 
spects our  negotiations  and  trans- 
actions with  each,  is  thought  to 
be  particularly  necessary,  l^ual- 
ly  neoessary  is  it,  that  we  should 
form  a  just  estimate  c^  our  resour- 
ces, revenue,  and  progress  in  every 
kind  of  improvement  connected 
with  the  national  prosperity  and 
public  defence.  It  is  l^  render* 
mg  justice  to  other  nations,  that 
we  may  expect  it  from  tiievx*    It 


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184*   ANNtJAL  RSOISTER,   1823. 


uligFOHr  afailitf  to  meal  iajiuM, 
and  redress  wrongs,  that  we  wi^ 
avoid  them. 

The  cammianotten  tmdfir  the 
fifth  artidt  of  the  treaty  of  Ghen^ 
having  diangreed  in  their  opinions 
reipecting  that  portion  of  the 
boundarv  between  the  tenitocics 
of  the  United  States  and  of  Gieat 
Britain^  the  estaUiahment  of 
whidihad  been  submitted  to  theo^ 
hare  made  iheiff  renpeetivt  report^ 
in  compliance  with  that  arocle^ 
that  the  same  might  be  referred  to 
the  decision  of  a  firiendly  Powetw 
It  being  mamfest,  however,  Utfut 
it  woudd  be  difficult,  if  not  inmoo^ 
siUe,  for  anj  Power  to  peruirm 
that  office,  without  great  delaj 
and  mu(^  inconvenies^  to  itself 
a  proposal  has  been  made  bgr  this 
government,  and  acceded  to  hf 
that  of  Great  Britain,  to  endeavour 
to  establidi  that  boundary  by 
amicable  negotiation.  It  appear^ 
ingy  £ram  long  experience  that 
no  satisfactory  arrangement  toM 
be  formed  of  the  commercial 
inteacoouise  between  the  Unit* 
ed  States  and  tke  Biitiah  cot 
lonies  in  this  hemiipherg,  by 
legislative  acts,  while  each  par^ 
pursued  its  own  course^  without 
B0!eement  or  concert  with  die 
other,  a  pi^oposal  has  been  made  to 
the  Bridah  government  to  regulate 
this  commerce  by  treaty,  as  it  has 
been  to  arrange,  in  like  manner, 
the  just  daims  of  the  citiaens  of 
the  United  States  ixdiabiting  the 
elatea  and  territories  bordoing  on 
thelahes  and  rivers  which  emp^ 
into  the  St.  Lawrence  to  the  na»> 
vigataonof  that  river  to  the  ocean. 
For  these  and  oUierol^jects  of  high 
importance  to  the  inteceats  of  both 
parties,  a  negotiation  has  been 
opened  with  the  British  govern* 
ment,  which,  it  is  hoped>  wiU 
have  a  satis&ictofy  xeeUlU 


Tha  aomwnissifwr^^  under  the 
sixth  and  seventh  ar^des  of  tiw 
treaty  of  Ghent,  having  suoom- 
fiiUjckeed  their  kbounia  ids- 
tion  to  the  sixths  have  poDoeededts 
thediKrharaaof  thoae  ttkikglo 
the  aevenUu  Their  pro^«B  ^ 
the  extenaivo  survey  re^unaiior 
the  performaaco  of  then  dittiai 
justifiea  the  presunqption  daik  it 
will  be  completed  in  the  OBaing 
year. 

The  negotiatioa  which  had  to« 
loBig  depaidii%  with  ^he  FnoA 
government  on  sovetal  iaijiiatsst 
Sulgeetfl^  and  partiaulatly  fior  a 
Just  indemnity  for  loaaia  ausuiwi 
in  the  late  ware  by  the  ckiaaastf 
the  United  Stat^  under  u^jaM^ 
fiaUe  adiaurea  and  confiaoatiaairf 
their  property>  baa  ao^  aayct»  W 
the  desired  effiset.  Ab  ^  fUm 
rests  on  Uie  same  prinripla  witk 
othara  which  have  been  adnittri 
by  the  French  gaviemaM&t^  it  b 
not  perceived  on  what  juat  gmoii 
it  can  be  fe^ecled.  A  ma» 
will  be  immediately  a^jpoiati^  *> 
proceed  to  Fraaaee,andresninelfe 
negotiation  on  thia  and  aiker  tt^ 
jecUwhioh  May  aria^betweaaths 
twonationsfc 

At  the  proposal  of  the  Jto^ 
Inqperialgoyefnmeatatadathiwj^ 
the  minjater  of  the  emparta  vA^ 
ing  here,  a  fiill  power  tuid  iaitiv^ 
tiona  have  been  tranavaittadtolhs 
minister  of  the  United  Stales  •< 
St.  Petan^uri^,  to  asraagc^  ^ 
amicable  nt^gotiaticai,  the  um^ 
live  rights  and  interests  of  the  tao 
nations  on  the  north  west  oasst* 
this  continent.  A  siadlarppip^ 
al  had  been  made  byhia  I'"?''*^ 
Mi^ty  to  the  govenoientff 
Great  fintain,  which  haalitewa 
been  aooeded  txx  The  p***' 
ment  of  the  United  Stales  m 
been  desuoua,  by  thia  fiisBdIr  |rt»- 
€6eding,of  Dwofeatiug  the  ^ 


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PUBLIX?   DOCUMENTSv      186* 


irahie  whioh  Ihtf  lam  bPmmiif 
ftttaohed  to  th«  fideiidihip  of  the 
Emperor^  and  their  loiialude  to 
cultivate  the  btst  imderftondiiig 
with  liii  Goremment.  In  the 
diidMsicms  to  wluch  this  inteieit 
boa  giren  Ae,  and  in  the  ammge- 
XBtnts  by  vMdi  they  may  t^mii- 
aale»  theoccadoa  has  been  jfud^ 
poper  for  anertiBg,  atapnnai]^ 
in  whidi  the  nghtf  and  intemts  of 
the  United  States  are  invoiyedy 
thai  the  Aourican  oontiiMiits^  by 
tha£rea  and  independilit  covidition 
whidi  they  hfl^e  aBsiuned  and 
maintain,  are  henceforth  not  to  be 
consideted  at  aubJeolB  for  future 
ccibiniaation  by  any  Enropean 
Powers. 

fiinee  the  doae  of  tiie  lait  se»» 
aioaof  Congresi)  thecoinmifldDnas 
snd  arbhntors  for  ascertaining  and 
detenmniag  the  amount  of  inden>- 
aifioation  whieh  may  be  due  to 
citiaena  of  the  United  States  under 
^M  dediion  of  his  Imperial  Mft- 
jesty  the  Emperor  of  ftuasia,  in 
oonfbcmity  to  the  oonTontion  con- 
chided  at  St.  Petonsburgh  on  the 
IStii  of  July,  1822>  have  assem- 
Ued  in  this  cifey,  and  orsaniaed 
ihiaQselves  as  a  boaid  for  &e  per- 
temanoe  of  the  duties  assigned  to 
thtm  by  that  treaty.  The  com- 
miBflion  constittited  under  the 
devendi  artide  of  the  txeaty  of 
the  2tod  of  February,  18]9>  b^ 
twecn  die  United  States  and  Spain, 
is  also  in  sesskm  here  ;  and  as  the 
tenn  of  titfee  yearn,  liBDled  by  the 
tieaty  for  tite  exeeutkm  of  the 
tmat,  will  esxpire  before  the  period 
of  the  nest  regidar  meeting  of 
Conmreas  the  attention  of  the 
legislatuve  wall  be  drawn  to  the 
measmos  ^Hiich  may  be  neecasary 
to  aoeomplisk  the  ob^tfor  which 
the  oonuaigsion  was  mstkuted. 

In  coinpliance  with  a  resokitiDin 
of  ibt  naam  of  repiesenttflivvs. 


miajfM  at  fbalr  kkt  sessi^  iiw 
aliuetLoiis  have  been*  given  to  all 
the  ministenof  the  United  States 
accredited  to  the  powers  of  Eunqpe 
and  America,  te  propose  the  pro- 
serlptaon  of  the  Afncaa  slave  tiadei, 
by  classing  it  under  the  deneminfr- 
.tion,  and  inmctmg  on  its  perp^ 
■tvators  the  punishment,  of  piracy. 
Should  tills  proposal  be  aooeded  to, 
it  is  not  doubted  that  this  odious 
and  criminal  practice  will  be 
promptly  aond  entirely  suppressed. 
It  iff  earnestly  hoped  that  it  will 
be  acceded  to,  firtmi  a  firm  beUef 
that  it  is  ^  most  effectual  cxp^ 
dient  that  can  be  adopted  fear  the 
panose. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  re- 
centwarbetweenFnmee  and  Spain, 
it  was  declared  by  the  Frendi  go- 
vernment that  it  would  grant  no 
•eommissioas  to  privateers,  and  that 
neither  the  commence  of  Spain  her- 
self, nor  of  neutral  nations,  should 
be  molested  by  the  naval  force 
of  France,  except  in  the  breach 
of  a  lawful  blockKle.  Thisdedara- 
tioa,  which  appears  to  have  been 
faithfully  earned  into  effM^t,  oon« 
earring  with  pnndples  proclaimed 
and  dierished  by  the  United  States, 
fipom  the  first  estabhshment  of 
their  independenoe,  suggested  the 
hope  that  the  time  luSl  arrived 
when  die  proposal  for  adopting  it 
as  a  permanent  and  invariable  rule 
in  all  future  maritime  wws  mi^ 
meet  the  favourable  consideration 
of  the  graat  European  ' 
Instructions  have  accoctKn^  been 
nven  to  our  ministers  with  Franoe, 
Russia,  and  Great  Britain,  to  make 
those  proposals  to  Iheir  reipective 
governments;  and  vrhen  Uie 
mends  of  humanity  leflect  on  die 
eKntialaaneEorotiontothe  oondi* 
tion  t>f  the  human  race  which 
would  result  fium  the  abolitsoQ  of 
private  war  on  the  sea,'and  on  the 


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186»    ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1823. 


gieat  (idaicy  by  which  it  mi^t  be 
aeooiki^hed^  requiring  only  the 
consent  of  a  few  sovereigns,  an 
^earnest  hope  is  indulged  that  these 
ov«(rtiire8  wiU  meet  with  an 
attention,  animated  by  the  spirit  in 
winch  tl^y  were  made,  and  that 
they  will  ultimately  be  suoeessfuL 

The  ministers  who  were  appoint* 
ed  to  the  repubtics  of  Columbia 
and  Buenos^Ayres,  during  the  last 
session  of  conflress,  proceeded, 
shortly  afterward,  to  their  desti- 
nations. Of  their  arriTal  there, 
official  intelligence  has  not  3ret 
been  received.  The  minister  ap- 
pointed to  the  Republic  of  ChiH 
will  Bail  in  a  few  days.  An  early 
appointment  wOl  also  be  made  to 
Mexico.  A  minister  has  been  f&> 
ceived  from  Columbia,  and  the 
other  Governments  have  been  in- 
formed that  ministers,  or  diploma- 
tic agents  of  inferior  srade,  would 
be  recdved  from  ea(£,  according 
as  they  might  prefo  the  one  or  the 
other. 

The  minuter  appointed  to  Spain 
proceeded,  soon  after  his  appoint- 
ment, to  Cadis,  the  residence  of 
the  Sovereign  to  whom  he  was 
accredited.  In  approaching  that 
port,  the  frigate  which  conveyed 
him  was  warned  off  by  the  Com- 
mander of  the  French  squadron, 
by  which  it  was  bloduiaed,  and 
not  permitted  to  enter,  althou^ 
apprised  by  the  captain  of  the  fri- 
gate of  the  public  character  of  the 
person  whom  he  had  on  board,  the 
hnding  of  whom  was  the  sole  ofae 
ject  of  his  proposed  en^.  This 
act,  bdng  considered  an  infringe- 
ment of  the  rights  of  ambassadors 
and  of  nations,  will  form  a  just 
cause  of  compkint  to  the  govern^ 
ment  of  France,  against  the  offi- 
cer by  whom  it  was  committed. 

The  actual  condition  of  the  pub- 
lie  finances  more  than  realises  the 


fiivoanMe*a&ticqpadoDS  thatuve 
entertained  of  it  at  the  opemngof 
the  last  session  of  CongM  Ob 
the  1st  of  Jamiary,  there  vrai  t 
balance  in  the  Treesarj  flf 
4,S87>4S7  doUara  and  55  eoita 
From  that  time  to  die  dOth  cf 
Septemhet  the  receipts  amounted 
to  upwards  ci  16,100,000  doUsn» 
and  the  expenditures  to  1 1,400/)00 
ddlars.  Durin$^  the  fourth  qQS^ 
ter  of  the  ymr,  it  is  estimated  tbit 
tile  receipts  wiU,  at  least,  equal  tk 
expenditures ;  and  that  tiiere  aifl 
remain  in  the  Treasury,  on  ^ 
Isl  day  of  January  next,  a  mtflni 
tif  nearly  9^000,000  of  doUtta 

Qn  the  Ist  of  January,  18S5,a 
large  amount  of  the  war  d^  sad 
a  part  of  the  revdutionaiy  ^ 
become  redeemaUe.  Add^iood 
portions  of  tiie  former  will  eos- 
tinue  to  become  redeemable  aionh 
ally,until  the  year  1835.  It  is  be- 
lieved, however,  that  if  tiie  United 
States  remain  at  peace,  the  wUft 
of  that  debt  may  be  redeemed  bf 
the  ordinary  revenue  of  those  yes> 
during  tiiat  period,  under  the  pio* 
vision  of  tiie  act  of  March  3, 1817> 
creating  the  sinking  fund,  and  ia 
that  case  the  only  part  of  theddit 
that  wffl  remain  afler  the  J^ 
1835  will  be  seven  millions  of  fi*< 
per  cent  stock  subscribed  to  tbf 
bank  of  the  United  States,  and^ 
three  per  cent  revolutionary  dib^ 
amounting  to  13^96,009  dolb^ 
cents  both  of  which  are  redeepaUe 
at  the  pleaaire  of  the  govcrainffl** 

The  state  of  the  army,  in  itsff- 
ganiaation  and  discipline,  has  bees 
gradually  in^firoving  for  seveiai 
year^  and  has  now  attaineda  bigb 
decpree  of  perfection.  TheimHt«7 
diumrsements  have  been  regalai|T 
made,  and  the  accounts  t^oiknj 
and  proimpdy  rendered  for  settle- 
ment. The  supplies  of  ^'■^ 
descriptions   have  been  of  P^ 


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PUBLIC   DOCUMENTS.      187» 


tqunlity  and  regularly  inued  at  all 
iif  the  posts.  A  system  of  eoonomy 
and  aooountabili^  has  been  introi^ 
duced  into  every  liranch  of  the 
■^▼ice^  which  admits  of  little  ad*- 
ditional  improvement.  This  de- 
arable  state  has  been  attained  by 
the  act^  re-organiiing  the  staff  ii 
the  anny,  poacd  on  the  14Ch  of 
April,  laiS. 

The  monies  appropriated  fbr  for- 
tifications have  been  regularly  and 
eoobomically  applied,  and  aU  ihe 
worla  advanced  as  rapidly  as  the 
amoant  appropriated  would  admit. 
Tliree  important  works  will  be 
completed  in  the  course  of  this 
year — that  is.  Fort  Washington, 
Fort  Delaware,  and  the  Fort  at  the 
Riffolets,  in  Louisiana. 

The  board  of  engineers,  and  the 
topographical  corps,  have  been  in 
constant  and  active  service  in  sur- 
veying the  coast,  and  prmecttng  the 
works  necessaiy  fbr  its  defence. 

The  military  academy  has  at- 
tained a  d^;ree  of  peifection  in  its 
discipline  and  instruction  equal,  as 
ia  bdieved,  to  any  institution  of 
its  kind  in  any  oountiy. 

The  money  appropriated  for  the 
use  of  the  Orcbance  department 
has  been  regularly  and  econo- 
mically appH^  The  fabrication 
of  arms  at  the  national  armories, 
and  by  ccmtract  with  the  depart- 
mentj  has  been  gradually  improv- 
ing in  quality  and  cheapness.  It 
is  bdieved  that  their  quality  is 
now  such  as  to  admit  of  but  litde 
amwovement. 

The  completion  of  the  fortifica- 
tions renders  it  necessary  that  there 
flbould  be  a  suitable  appropriation 
for  the  purpose  of  fabricating  the 
eannon  and  carriages  necessary  for 
those  works. 

Under  the  appropriation  of 
5,000  dollars  fbr  eiploring  the 
MTostem  waters  for  the  location  of  a 


ate  for  a  western  armoury,  a 
commission  was  constituted,  (A>iiifc 
sisting-  of  colonel  M*Ree,  ccdonet 
Lee,  and  captain  Talcott,  who 
have  been  engaged  in  exploring 
the  country.  Tl^  have  not  yet 
reported  the  result  of  their  laboors^ 
but  it  is  believed  diat  they  will 
be  prepared  to  do  it  at  an  early 
part  OT  the  session  of  congress. 

During  the  month  of  June  last, 
general  Ashley  and  his  party,  who 
were  trading  under  a  licence  fimn 
the  general  government,  were  at* 
tacked  by  the  Ricarees  while 
peaceably  trading  with  the  In« 
dians,  at  their  request.  Several  of 
the  party  were  killed  and  wound- 
ed, and  their  property  taken  or 
destroyed. 

Colonel  Leavenworth,  who 
commanded  Fort  Atkinson  at  the 
Coundl  Kufis,  the  most  western 
post,  apprehending  that  the  hostile 
spirit  of  the  Ricarees  would  extend 
to  other  tribes  in  thatouarter,  and 
that  thereby  the  lives  of  the  traders 
on  the  Missouri,  and  the  peace  of 
the  frontier  would  be  endangered, 
took  immediate  measures  to  check 
the  eviL 

With  a  detadnnent  of  the  re« 
^ment  stationed  at  the  Blufb,  he 
successf\illy  attacked  the  Ricaree 
village,  and  it  is  hoped  that  such 
an  impression  has  been  made  on 
them,  as  well  as  on  other  tribes 
on  the  Missouri,  as  will  prevent  a 
recurrence  of  future  hostility. 

The  leport  of  the  secretary  of 
war,  which  is  herewith  transmitted, 
will  exhibit  in  greater  detail  the 
condition  of  the  dqwrtment  in  its 
various  branches,  and  the  progrcw 
which  has  been  made  in  its  admi- 
nistration during  the  three  first 
quarters  of  the  year. 

I  transmit  a  return  of  the  militia 
of  the  several  states,  acorn-ding  to 
the  last  reports  which  have  been 


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188*   ANNUAL  RfiGISTER,  1823. 


iiiad6  by  flbtt  proper  officers  in  etdn^ 
to  die  dopaitment  of  wtr.  By  re- 
ferenoe  to  this  return,  it  will  be 
eeen  that  it  is  not  complete^ 
altkou^  gre&t  exertions  have  been 
made  to  mdce  it  so.  As  the  de* 
§eae&,  and  even  die  liberties  of  the 
country  nmsfc  depend^  in  tones  of 
imminent  danger,  on  the  nuHtii^ 
it  is  of  the  highest  importance  that 
it  be  weU  organised,  armed^  and 
disciplined,  throughout  the  union. 
The  report  of  the  secretary  of  war 
diows  the  progress  made  during 
the  three  first  quarters  of  the  pre- 
sent year^  by  the  ajmlication  of  the 
fund  appropriated  for  arming  the 
militia.  Mudi  difficulty  is  found 
in  distributing  the  arms  according 
to  the  act  of  conmss  providing  for 
it,  from  the  fsdmre  of  the  moper 
departments  in  many  of  the  otUes 
to  ma]»  regular  returns.  Theact 
of  the  ISdi  of  May,  1820,  provides 
that  die  system  of  tactics  and  xegu* 
lations  of  die  various  corps  in  the 
regular  army  dball  be  eztooided  to 
^e  militia.  This  act  has  been 
very  imperfecdy  executed*  firom  the 
want  of  uniformity  in  die  organi- 
sation of  the  militia,  proceeding 
from  die  defects  of  the  system  it- 
•elf,  and  e^edally,  in  its  applica- 
txm  to  that  main  arm  of  di«  pub- 
lic defence.  It  is  diou^t  that  this 
important  subject,  m  all  its 
hnmches,  merits  the  attention  of 


The  report  of  the  secretary  of 
the  Navy,  which  is  now  oonunu- 
tncated,  furnishes  an  account  of 
the  administration  of  diat  deport- 
ment for  ihe  three  first  quarters  of 
Hhe  present  year,  widi  die  progress 
made  in  augmenting  die  navy,  and 
die  manner,  in  which  die  vessels 
in  commission  have  been  employed. 

The  usual  force  has  been  main- 
tained in  die  Mediterranean  Sea, 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  along  the 


Adantio  edaat,  and  has  aflRaded 
die  necessary  protection  to  our 
commeroe  in  dioae  seas. 

In  the  West  Indies  and  die 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  our  naval  foroe 
has  been  augmented  by  the  addi* 
tion  of  several  small  vesfdfy  pn^ 
vided  for  by  the  "  act  attdwwimig 
an  addittonal  navaL  force  fir  the 
suppression  of  pira^,"  passed  by 
Cot^;ress  at  their  iMtseasioii.  That 
armament  has  been  eminently  way 
eessful  in  the  accomplishment  of 
its  object  The  piraous  by  vrhiek 
our  commerce  in  the  nririibnm^ 
hood  of  the  island  of  Cuba  had 
been  affiioted  have  been  itpccsaed, 
and  the  confidence  of  onr  mer- 
diants,  in  a  great  measure,  re- 
stored. 

The  patriotic  seal  and  enter- 
prise of  commodore  Potter,  tn 
whom  the  command  of  the  expad^ 
laon  was  confided,  has  been  nUHf 
seconded  by  the  oflkers  and  msn 
nnder  his  command.  And,  in  re- 
flecting widi  hig^  satisfaction  on 
the  honourable  manner  in  whidk 
they  have  sustained  the  reputaii^ 
of  their  country  and  its  navy,  d^ 
sentiment  is  alloyed  only  by  a  oon- 
cem  that,  in  the  fulfilment  of  that 
arduous  service,  die  dinnisea  inai- 
dentto  die  season  and  to  the  i 
in  whidi  it  was  discharged, 
d^nrived  the  nation  of  many  i 
livei^  and  — **^»*g  them  of  j 
officers  of  great  promiae- 

In  die  mondi  of  August  n  very 
malignant  fever  made  its  aifunr 
ance  at  Thompson's  Uand,  which 
direatened  the  destruction  ef  our 
station  there.  Many  ppnshftd,  wmA 
the  coaunandingoffioer  was  sevaaaiy 
attacked.  Uncertain  as  to  hia  fisle, 
and  knowing  diat  most  of  die  aao- 
dical  officers  had  been  rendered  in- 
capable of  discharging  their  dnties, 
it  was  thought  expedient  to  send  to 
that  pent  an  offiucr  of  rank  and  en- 


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PUBLIC   nOCUMENTS.       I8»» 


peeieQee^  vnA  weteal  AStel  \ 
ffeons,  to  ascertain  the  ori^  of 
Uie  fevef>  and  the  probability 
of  its  recunrenoe  there  in  future 
seasons;  to  furnish  erery  assist* 
ance  to  those  who  were  suffer- 
ing, and,  if  practicable  to  avoid  the 
necessity  (n^abandonixi^  so  impOTt* 
aat  a  station.  Coromooore  Refers, 
with  a  promptitude  whidi  did  him 
honour^  cheerfully  accepted  that 
trust,  and  has  discharged  it  in  tin 
manner  anticipated  from  his  skill 
and  patriotism.  Befi>re  his  ar« 
xital»  commodore  Porter^  ^1^ 
the  greater  part  of  the  sqoadroB, 
had  removed  ftom  the  island  and 
returned  to  the  United  Stales,  in 
eonseqiwace  of  the  prevailing  dck- 
ness.  Mttdi  useful  mfbnDBtmn  has 
how>ever>  been  obtained^  as  to  the 
state  of  the  isknd»  and  great  re* 
Hef  afforded  to  ^ose  who  Asdbeea 
neoessarUylcft  there. 

Akheij^  our  espediftion,  o»- 
eperating  wtfk  an  invigorated 
admuiistratiwi  cf  die  government 
of  the  island  of  Cuba*  and  with  the 
oori'^aymding  active  esertiou  of 
A  British  wmI  feroe  in  the  same 
aea^  have  ahnaat  entirely  dcsiwryed 
the  imlieenaed  piraetes  from  tl»t 
island^  the  sococss  of  our  «xertlmia 
hab  not  been  efualfy  dbotoal  to 
suppress  tin  same  crimt^  under 
other  ^iel9enc8s  and  oofeun^  in  the 
neighbourinff  isiaad  of  Ptnto  Rioo. 
Tmif  have  heen  eommittod  ^ere 
under  the  ahnaive  issue  of  Spanish 

ef  the  preseott  year,  vsmenstnneeB 
were  made  to  ikt  governor  of 
tfiat  ishmd^  by  an  i^ent  who  was 
asm;  t9r  die  purpose,  aaamst  thon 


OUtrMSS  OB 

of  the  United  'States^  ef  whkh 
many  had  ocoufed.  That  «fttcr, 
pcoftasing  his  tnvn  want  ef  mi*> 
liMity  to  make  satiirfkrtion  finr 
t^  jiift  oomplaifits,  nnewcDsedtmly 


by  a  icftrenee  of  dwm  lo  ^  gcH 
vemment  of  Spain.  The  minister 
of  the  United  States  to  that  court 
was  specially  instructed  to  urge 
the  necessity  of  the  immediate  and 
effectual  mterposition  of  that  go« 
vemment>  directing  restitution  mid 
indeanity  for  wrongs  already  com* 
mitted^  and  interdicting  the  rape* 
titkm  of  them.  The  minister^  as 
has  been  seen,  was  debarred  access 
to  the  SpaniiBh  government,  and^ 
im  the  mean  dmtty  several  new  ca^es 
of  flamx^  outrage  have  occnrred, 
and  atixens  of  the  United  ^States 
in  the  adand  of  Perto  Rioo  have 
snfi»ed«and  othersbeen  thrcaleoBd 
wslh  assassinatioii,  rar  amerting 
their  unq  uestionaUe  ng^its,  eiven 
before  the  kwfnl  tribmmifl  of  the 
oouoitry. 

The  uaual  Qrde]:s  havebeen  flircn 
to  aUoiir  puhlie  ships  to  seoe  AmoM 
lican  vessels  engaged  in  the  slaiv»« 
trade,  and  bring  that  in  fiir  ad« 
judioaiion ;  and  I  have  the  gratU 
ftoatiom  to  atate,  that  not  one  t9 
emph^red  has  beai  discovi^rad ;  and 
tiKTO  is  good  reason  to  beEeve,  thai 
our  flag  IS  BOW  aMmk,  if  at  ali, 
dhfinwad  by  that  tcitfc. 

f t  ia  a  soHfee  ef  great  aatisftm- 
tiott,  that  we  are  $my»  «nablei 
to  recur  to  the  conduct  of  omrnavy^ 
with  pride  and  awamwiflfttion^  Aa 
a  meana  of  mtional  defenee,  it 
eaifoys  the  public  eonfidsnee^aiiliB 
steidily  assunang  additkmai  iai* 
poortanoe.  It  is  submittBd  whether 
a  move  effictanl;  and  e^jually  ea»a« 
BBual  omiinition  ef  St  nnght  not; 
sa  seversd  mipectSfbe  effbcted.  It 

aupposed  dwt  M^mr  padea 
sow  exiat  fay  law  wedd  he 
ttsefuL  They  would  affoid  weM« 
merited  yewaads  to  those  whoha^ 
Ing  and  fmthfiiBy  served  AA 
oountry ;  present  the  heat  incen* 
tives  to  Mod  Mndiiat,  and  die  best 
1^  ensuring  a  {voper  di»* 


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too*    ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1823. 


ctpline ;  destrdy  the  in^uality  in 
mat  respect  betwe6ii  the  military 
and  naval  se^ces,  and  relieve  our 
officers  from  many  inconveniences 
and  mortifications,  whidi  occur 
when  o'Ur  vessels  meet  those  of 
other  nations— ours  being  the  only 
service  in  which  sudi  grades  do  not 
exist. 

A  report  of  the  postmaster-gene- 
raJ,  which  accompanies  this  oom- 
munication,  will  show  the  present 
state  of  the  Post»office  department, 
and  its  general  operations  for  some 
yearspasU 

There  Is  estaUished  by  law  88, 
600  itules  of  post  roads,  on  which 
the  mail  is  now  transported  85,700 
miles,  and  contracts  have  been 
made,  for  its  transportation  on  all 
the  established  routes,  with  one  or 
two  exceptions.  There  are  5,240 
post-offices  in  the  Union,  and  as 
many  postmasters.  The  gross 
amount  of  postace  whidi  accrued 
from  the  1st  of  J^y,  1822,  to  the 
1st  of  July,  1828,  was  1,114,845 
dollars  and  12  cents.  Dtning  the 
aame  period  the  expenditures  o£ 
the  Post  offioedepartmentamounted 
to  1,169,885  dollars  and  51  cents; 
and  consisted  of  the  fdlowing 
items :— Compensation  to  post- 
masters, 353,995  dollars  and  98 
cents;  incid^tal expenses, 30,866 
dollars  and  37  cents;  transporta^ 
tion  of  the  mail,  784,600  doUars 
and  8  cents;  payments  into  the 
Treasury,  423  dollars  and  8  cents. 
On  the  1st  of  July  last,  there  was 
due  to  the  department,  from  post- 
itmsters,  135,245  dollars  and  28 
cents ;  from  late  post-masters  and 
coiitractofs,  256,749  dollars  and 
31  cents ;  making  a  total  amount 
of  balances  due  to  the  departm^it, 
^  ^91,994  dollars  and  59  cents. 
These  btdanoes  embrace  all  delin- 
quencies of  post-masters  and  con- 
tractors,  which  have  taken  place 


since  the  omnisation  of  the  ^ 
partment  There  was  dae  bj  ^ 
department  to  contractors,  on  ^ 
1st  day  of  July  last,  26,548  dolki 
and  64  cento; 

The  transportation  ci  the  lasil, 
within  five  years  past,  hss  bees 
ereatly  extended,  and  the  eipen- 
uitures  of  the  department  pn^jw- 
tionably  increased.  Althou^  the 
postage  which  has  accrued  withis 
the  lut  three  years  has  fallen  short 
of  the  expenditures  262,821  daDus 
and  46  cents,  it  appears  that  cd- 
lections  have  been  made  front  the 
outstanding  baknoes  to  meet  tiie 
principal  part  of  the  current  de- 
mands. 

-  It  is  estimated  that  not  moie 
than  250,000  dollars  of  the  alnre 
balances  can  be  collected,  and  ^ 
a  CDxisiderable  part  of  Uiis  somcsn 
be  realized  only  by  a  resort  tule- 
sal  process.  Some  improreioeot 
m  the  receipts  for  postage  is  ex* 
pected^  A  prompt  attentioo  to 
the  collection  of  monies  received 
by  postqnasteis,  it  is  believed,  will 
enable  the  depmrtment  to  continne 
its  operations  without  aid  from  die 
Treasury,  unless  ibe  expeoStiat 
shall  be  increased  by  the  estsUi^ 
ment  of  new  mail  routes. 

A  revision  of  some  parts  of  die 
Post>4iffice  law  may  be  necessary; 
and  it  is  submitted,  whedier  it 
would  not  be  proper  to  provide  fer 
the  appointment  of  post-n»«t«** 
where  the  compensation  exceeds « 
certain  amount,  by  nomination  to 
the  senate,  as  other  officers  of  ^ 
general  government  are  iq^pointed. 

Having  communicated  my  views 
to  Gmmss  at  the  oommencem^ 
of  the  last  session,  respecting  ^ 
encouragement  which  ou^t  to  be 
given  to  our  manufactures,  anddic| 
principle  on  which  it  should  b^ 
founded,  I  have  only. to  a^itW 
those  views  remain   unchanged* 


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PUBUG  DOCtMENTS.       lOl* 


and  ib&t  the  pfeflcnt  ttete  of  those 
countries  with  which  we  have  the 
most  immediate  political  relationsy 
and  greatest  commercial  inter- 
course^ tends  to  confirm  them.  Uo- 
der  this  impression^  I  reoommenda 
teview  of  the  taiifi^  for  the  pur* 
pose  of  affinrding  such  additional 
]^N>tection  to  those  articles  which 
we  are  prepared  to  tnanufacture, 
or  which  are  more  immediately 
connected  with  the  defence  and 
indraendence  of  the  country. 

The  actual  state  of  the  puUic 
accounts  fUndshes  additional  evi- 
dence  of  the  efficiency  of  the  pre- 
sent system  of  accountability,  in 
xelation  to  the  public  expenditure. 
Of  the  monies  drawn  from  the 
Treasury  since  the  4th  of  March» 
1817^  the  sum  remaining  unac- 
counted for  on  the  30th  of  Sep- 
tember last,  is  more  than  a  million 
and  a  half  of  dollars  less  than  on 
the  30th  of  September  preceding ; 
and  during  the  same  period  a  re- 
duction of  nearly  a  million  of 
dollars  has  been  made  in  the  amount 
of  the  unsettled  accounts  for  monies 
advanced  previously  to  the  4th  of 
March,  1817-  Itwillbeobviousthat 
inproportion  as  the  massof  accounts 
of  the  latter  desmption  is  dimi- 
nished by  settlement,  the  difficulty 
of  settling  the  residue  is  itHareased, 
fromtheconsLderation  that  in  many 
instances  it  can  be  obtained  only 
b^  legal  process.  For  more  pre- 
cise details  on  this  subject,  I  refer 
to  a  report  ham  the  first  comp- 
troller of  the  Treasury. 

The  sum  which  was  appropriated 
at  the  last  session,  for  the  repair 
of  the  Cumberland-road,  has  been 
applied  with  sood  efiect  to  that 
object.  A  final  report  has  not  yet 
been  received  from  the  a^ent  who 
was  appointed  to  supenntend  it. 
As  soon  as  it  is  received,  it  shall 
be  communicated  to  Congress. 


.  Many  patriotic  and  enlightCTiid 
dtlsens,  who  have  made  Uie  sub* 
ject  an  object  of  particular  inves- 
tigation,  nave  suggested  an  im- 
provement of  still  greater, import- 
ance.   They  are  m  opinimi  that 
the  waters  of  the  Chesapeake  and 
Ohio  m&y  be  connected  tcttether, 
by  one  continued  canal,  and  at  an 
expense  far  short  of  the  value  and 
importance  of  the  object  to  be  ob- 
tained.    If  this  could  be  acoom- 
vdished,  it  is  impossible  to  calcu* 
hite  the   beneficial    oonsequencM 
which  would  result  from  it.    A 
great  portion  of  the  produce  of  the 
very  Krtile  country  through  which 
it  would  pass  would  find  amarket 
through    that    channel.      Troops 
might  be  moved  with  great  fadli^ 
in  war,  vrith  cannon,  and  every 
kind  dr  munition,  and  in  eitiior 
direction.    Connecting  the  Atlan- 
tic with  the  western  country,  in  a 
line  passing  through  the  seat  of 
the  national  government,  it  would 
contribute  essentially  to  strengthen 
the  bond  of  union  itself.    Believ« 
ing)  as  I  do,  that  Congress  possess 
the  right  to  appropriate  money  for 
such  a  national  object  (the  juris- 
diction  remaining  to  the    states 
through  which  the  canal   would 
pass),  I  submit  it  to  your  consi- 
dantion,  whether  it  may  not  be 
advisable  to  authorise,  by  an  ade- 
quate aroropriation,   the  emplov- 
ment  c^  a  suitable  number  (x  the 
officers  of  the  corps  of  engineers, 
to  examine  the  unexplored  around 
during  Uie  next  season,  and  to  xe* 
port    their  opinion   thereon.     It 
will  likewise  be  proper  to  extend 
their  examination  to  the  several 
routes  through  which  the  waters 
of  Uie  Ohio  may  be  connected,  by 
canals,  with  those  of  Lake  Erie. 

As  the  Cumberland  road  will 
require  ^n"'^^^  repairs,  and  Con«> 
gress  have  not  thought  it  expedi« 


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-  f9S^    ANNUAL   REOISTEIU  18S3. 


ml  to  faeoranend  to  t|M  Swm  an 
ntteitdnent,  lo  tlM  oonsdtutum 
fyt  th^  poipote  of  iavesdjig  in  the 
United  Stales  a  powar  to  adopt 
and  txBcule  a  lyatetn  of  intanial 
improv^meoiy  it  it  also  siifamittad 
lo  your  considMatioD^  wkether  it 
may  not  be  expediant  to  au^uwiae 
tiie  executive  to  enter  into  an  ar«- 
langement  with  the  ser^nd  states 
tim>u|:h  winch  the  road  passes,  to 
aslaUuh  tolls  each  within  its 
ttmitSy  fbr  the  puiposeof  defisjinsr 
^expense  of  fxiture  repairs^  and 
of  pgnrnding  also,  by  suitable  pe^* 
nalties^  for  its  piotactioa  against 
ftiture  injuries. 

The  act  of  Congreaicf  the  7th 
of  Hfiaj,  IWiH,  appnmriated  the 
sum  of  20^700  dollurs  m  ike  pur- 
pose of  erecting  two  piers  as  a 
dkdtei:  for  Ttssels  horn  ice»  near 
Cape  Henlopen,  Delaware  Ba3> 
Jo  effect  the  objeet  of  the  act»  the 
oflBcers  of  the  board  of  enf^een, 
with  commodot^  Bainibiij^^  were 
greeted  to  prepare  j^ans  and  esti« 
suites  of  piers  sufficient  to  answer 
fte  puxposa  intended  by  the  act 
It  j^pean  by  their  report,  which 
luwoo^ianies  the  doenments  from 
file  war  departments  that  the  ap« 
propriationis  not  ade^atetothe 
pogrpOBe  intended;  end  as  the 
piers  would  be  of  great  service 
boA  to  die  navigation  of  the  De« 
hware  Bay^  and  the  jirotection  of 
vessds.  on  the  adjaoentpaH^  of  the 
msts,  I  submit  for  the  considera- 
tion of  the  ConfiresSy  whdiher  ad-' 
^itfOnal  and  sidicient  appropria- 
tattns  should  not  benade. 

llie  board  of  enmieers  were 
also  directed  toexamme  and  sur« 
▼ey  the  entrance  ai  the  harbour 
of  thejportcif  Prea^^uisle,  in  Penn-' 
^ylvania,  in,  order  to  make  an  esti« 
mate  of  the  expense  of  removing 
(he  obstructaons  fo  )he  cntrsnte, 
iri^  a  pian  .:of  th«  best  node  at 


efbeiinff  the  seaa  unto  Uwip. 
pcopriaSon  for  that  parpoie,  % 
act  of  Congress,  pasted  $A  k 
Maioh  last.  The  Bepnt  of  ^ 
Board  accompanied  Uie  pspoi 
from  the  War  Departnent,  siid  if 
submitted  for  the  conadentioa  oC 
Congress* 

A  strong  hope  has  been  \nf 
entertained,  founded  on  the  bnoi? 
fltmcrie  of  the  Greeks,  tbatthejr 
wouM  succeed  in  their  €onteit,iBi( 
resume  th^efsal  station  saosg 
the  nadons  of  the  earth.  Itiib^ 
Ueved  that  the  whcdeciviliiedwofU 
takes  a  deep  bUomt  inthorwd- 
hte*.  Although  no  power  his  4b- 
dazed  m  their  favour,  yet  im, 
according  to  our  iiif<Hrnii|ti()iii  ^^ 
taken  part  f^;ainat  them.  Tbeir 
cause  aiid  theur  name  have  pntsd* 
ed  them  from  dangeni  wbkk 
might,  ere  this,  have  oveiwhdfflil 
any  other  pec^^  tlie  oidinarf 
oalodations  of  interest,  and  of  an 
Quiflitian;  with  a  view  to  sggiii* 
dizem^it,  which  mi^^e  so  mucblt 
the  transactions  of  nations,  ncm  td 
have  had  no  eflfeet  in  rcgardtoUieii' 
From  the  facts  whidi  have  oM 
to  our  knowledge,  there  ii  ffNA 
cause  to  believe  that  their  cvnjf 
has  lost  for  ever  all  doa&uon  orar 
Aon;  that  Graeoa  will  beedfli 
an  independeat  JuAxi^ 
she  mav obtain  thatn^i^ 
the  ofajeet  of  our  most  ardesi 
wishes. 

It  was  stated  at  the  cottmeaes- 
noit  of  the  last  session,  that  t^ 

ELt  effort  was  (hen  makiiig  m 
in  and  Portugal,  to  impw^* 
condi^on  of  tl^  people  of  dw* 
countries,  and  that  it  appesred  ts 
be  conducted  with  artraofdbsiy 
moderation.  It  need  soarcdy  ^ 
remarked  that  the  residt  ha^beeiv 
so  hat,  very  diflferent  Return  fi^ 
was  then  anticipated.  Of  f^ 
in  that  quarter  of  thofjbbt,  i^ 


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1> U B L 1 C   D OlC  XJ  M EN T S.      1»3»  - 


Wliich  we  have  so  mucfi  inter- 
eourse^  and  from  which  we  derive 
our  origin^  we  have  always  been 
anxious  and  interested  spectator^ 
The  citizens  of  the  United  States 
cherish  sentiments  the  most  friend^ 
ly  in  favour  of  the  liberty  and 
happiness  of  their  fellow  men^  cm 
that  side  of  the  Atlantic  In  the 
Wars  of  the  European  powers^  in 
matters  relating  to  themselves,  we 
have  never  taken  any  part,  nor 
does  it  comport  with  our  pc^cy  so 
to  do.  It  is  only  when  our  rights 
are  invaded,  or  seriously  meni^ed, 
ihat  we  resent  injuries,  or  make 
preparation  for  our  defence.  With 
the  movements  in  this  hemisphere, 
we  are,  of  necessity,  more  immedi- 
ately connected,  and  by  causes 
which  must  be  obvious  to  all  en- 
Hghtened  and  impartial  observers. 
Ine  political  system  of  the  allied 
po^ersis  essentially  difieren t,  in  this 
re^ct,  from  that  of  America.  This 
difl^nce  proceeds  from  that  which 
'exists  in  their  re^jpective  govern- 
ments. '  And  to  the  defence  of  our 
own,  which  has  been  atchieved  by 
the  loss  of  so  much  blood  and  trea- 
sure, and  matured  by  the  wisdom 
of  their  most  enlightened  citixens, 
and  under  which  we  have  enjoyed 
unexampled  felicity,  this  whole 
'luitton.  is  devoted.  We  owe  it, 
llt^tefore,  to  candour,  and  to  the 
amicable  rdations  existing  between 
the  Upited  States  and  those  powers, 
'  to  dedaie,  that  we  should  consider 
9&y  attempt  on  their  part  to  »- 
tend  their  system  to  any  portion 
fi^  this  hemisphere  as  dangerous  to 
;Our  peace  and  safety.  With  the 
existing  colonies  or  dependendes 
'flf  *taiy  Eurmpean  power,  we  have 
wot  interfered,  and  shall  ndt  intei|- 
fere.  But,  with  the  governments 
who  have  declared  their  independ- 
ence, and  maiiitained  it,  and  whote 
mdependenee  we  have,  on  great 
Vol.  LXV. 


oonsideratioh,  and  on  just  ptincir 
pies,  acknowledged,  we  coidd  not 
view  any  interposition  for  the  pux^ 
pose  of  oppressing  them,  or  oon^ 
trolling  in  any  otiier  manner 
their  destiny,  hy  any  European 
power^  in  any  other  hfjtit  than  as 
the  manifestation  of  an  tmfiriendfy 
disposition  towards  the  United 
States.  In  the  war  between  thote 
new  governments  and  Spain,  we 
declared  our  neutrality  at  the 
time  of  their  recognition ;  ai^  to 
this  we  have  adhered,  and  diaU 
continue  to  adhere,  provided  no 
change  shall  occur,  which,  in  the 
judgment  of  the  competent  autho- 
rities of  this  government,  shall 
make  a  corresponding  duoige  on 
the  port  of  the  United  States,  in^ 
difflpensahle  to  their  security. 

The  late  events  in  Spain  and 
Portusal  show  that  Eurc^  is  stifl 
unsettled.  Of  this  important  fact 
no  stronger  proof  can  be  adduced, 
than  that  the  allied  powers  should 
have  thought  it  proper,  on  any 
principle  satisfactory  to  themselves, 
to  have  interposed,  by  force,  in 
the  internal  conoems  of  Sfiaiu. 
To  what  extent  such  iitter|x)8itions 
may  be  carried  on  the  same  prin- 
ciple, is  ^  question  in  which  all  in- 
dependent powers,  v^ose  govern- 
ments differ  from  tiieirs,  are  inter- 
ested; even  those  most  remote^ 
and  surely  none  more  so  than  the 
United  States.  Our,  policy,  in 
regard  to  Europe,  whidi  was 
adopted  at  an  early  age  of  the 
wars  which  have  so  long  agitated 
that  quarter  of  the  globe,  never- 
theless remains  the  same;  which 
is,  not  to  interfere  in  the  internal 
concerns  of  any  of  its  powers;  to 
consider  the  government  de  facto 
as  the  l^;itimate  ^eminent  for 
us ;  to  cultivate  friendly  rektiona 
^wkh  it,  and  to  preserve  ^jhose 
relations  by  a  frank,    firm,   and 


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tSft*    ANNUAL    R£aiST£<A,   1883. 


•mealy  poKcy;  meeting,  in  all 
snstanoes,  the  just  claims  of  every 
•power  — p  submittmg  to  injuiies 
•ftom  none.  Bot,  in  regard  to 
^tiiose  contmeats,  circumstances  are 
eminently  and  conspicuously  dif- 
ferent. It  is  impossible  that  the 
allied  powers  sh^ild  extend  their 
politicBui  ^stem  to  any  portion  of 
either  continent^  without  endan- 
gering oar  peace  and  happiness ; 
nor  can  «ny  one  beHcTe  ^t  our 
Boutiiem  brethren,  if  left  to  them- 
selves, would  adopt  it  of  their 
own  accord.  It  is  equally  impo»- 
aiUe,  therefore,  that  we  should 
bdiold.such  intorposikion^  in  any 
form,  with  indii&Knce.  If  we 
look  to  the  comparative  strength 
«nd  mouroes  of  Spain,  and  those 
new  govemmentsy  and  their  dift- 
tance  fnm  each  o^er,  it  must  be 
x>bvious  that  she  can  never  subdue 
them.  It  is  still  the  true  policy 
of  the  United  States  to.leave  the 
parties  to  themsdves,  in  the  hope 
that  other  powers  will  pursue  the 
same  oonise. 

If  we  compare  the  present  con- 
edition  of  our  union  with  its  ao- 
.tual  state,  jit  the  dose  of  our  revo- 
kiticm,  die  history  of  the  vporld 
•f  urnshes  no  example  of  a  progress 
in  improvement  in  all  die  impor- 
tant ,  drculnstanoes  which  consti- 
tute the  haiq>iness  of  a  natiim, 
whidi  bears  any  resemUanoe  to  it. 
At  the  first  epoch,  our  population 
did  not  exceed  d,000,00a  By  the 
*last  census  it  amounted  to  about 
00,000,000^  and,  what  is  more  ex- 
-traodinary,  it  is  almost  altogether 
iBatiine^-*lbr  the  emigration  froni 
either,  countries  has  been  infionsi- 
deraUe.  At  the  fint  epoch,  half 
<the  territory  within  our  acknow- 
iedgad  limits  was  uninhabited  aad 
41  wildemoM.  Since  then,  new 
ttenitory-has  been  acquired,  of  vast 
^oEleatj  oomprisuig  within  it  many 


rivers,  particularly  ^  MiMJajpni, 
the  navigation  oi  whidi  to  toe 
ocean  was  of  the  highest  impor- 
tance to  the  ori^nal  states.    Onr 
this  territoiy  our  populakkm  he 
expanded     in     every     directioB, 
and  new  states  have  been  pub- 
lished, almost  equal  in  numler  to 
those  which  formed  tl^  first  bond 
of  our  union.    This  expeosini  d 
our,  population    and   accesnon  it 
n^w  states  to  our  nniou,  haye  W 
the    hapfnest    eflfect    on  sU  its 
highest  interests.      That  it  bs 
eminently     augmented    oar   i&- 
sources,  and  aMed  to  our  stro^ 
and  respectability  as  a  power,  if 
admitted  by  alL     But  it  is  not  m 
these,  oircumstanpes  only  that  this 
happy  efiect  is  felt.     It  is  manifist 
Aat,  by  enlarging  the  basis  cf  par 
system,  and  increaang  the  lunals 
of  states,  the  system  itself  bss  been 
ffxeatly  strengthened  in  both  its 
branches.    Cmisolidation  and  &- 
uiuon  have  thereby  been  reofasd 
equally  impracticable.     EschgiH 
vemment,  coi^ding  in  its  om 
strength,  has    less  to  qiprdtCDd 
from  the  other,  and,  in  cooseqaeoE^ 
each  ^joying  a  greater  trmtrnd 
action,  is  rendered  more  effidea^ 
for  all  the  purposes  for  vim  it 
was  instituted.    It  is  unnecesoiT 
to  treat  here  of  the  vast  iaajiOT*' 
ment  made  in  the  system  itaslf  ^T 
the  adaption  of  this  constitutioDf 
and  of  its  haj^  efiect  in  elerstff^ 
the  character,  uid  in  prot^ctb^gtb^ 
riffhts  of  the  nation^  as  wdl  •*  fj 
individuals.      To  what,  dien,  ^ 
we  owe   these  J  blessings^  l^  ^ 
known  to  all,  that  we  amve  t^ 
from  the  excellence  of  oar  baiOr 
tions. .    Ought  we  not,  ttal^  ^ 
adopt  every  measure  ^Brfd^'B^ 
be  necessary  to  perpetuate  itei»^ 

WasUngton,  Dec.  S»  im. 


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P*U«Ll<5    DOCUMENTS.      .19^* 

T^BLB  rfihA  FiNANCBs  cfthe  Unitbd  States. 

The  Public  dOfif  He  Vmted  Stales. 

The  funded  debt  whicli  was  contracted  before  tbe  year 
1812>  and  whieb  was  unredeemed  on  tbe  Ist  day  of 

October,  1822,  amount^  to  .., Dolkrs  I7/I89,85t    A) 

And  that  wbich  yrss  contracted  subseauently  to  tbe  ' 

"    Ist  of  January,  1812,  and  was  unredeemed  on  tbe 

1st  of  October,  1822,  amounted  to 76fi6%fli6    SB 

Making  the  total  amount  of  funded  debt  unredeemed 

on  the  1st  of  October,  1822 98,048,701     4« 

In  tbe  fourth  quarter  of  that  year  there  was  paid  tiie 

sum  of  .., viz. 9,995fi7^    •8 

.  Reimbursement  qf  6  per  cent,  defem^  ' 

stock    266fi7S    «2 

Redemptipn  of  6  per  cent,  stock  of 

1820 2,000,000     00 


Bedudng  .the  funded  debt,  on  the  1st  of  January, 

1823,to    90,777,097     86 

From  tihat  day  to  tbe  1st  of  October  last,  there  was 
added  to  the  debt— 

Jn  3  per  cent  stock  182-   89 

Treasury  note  6  per  cent  stock l,56l     88  •      ■ 

Tr^uwiy  note  7  per  cent  stock 185    00    * 

Making  an  aggregate  of 90,TJfSfid^    12 

l&uring  the  same  pericS  there  was  paid,  in  reimburse- 

ment  rf  the  drferred  e^er  cent  stock SSWfif^    M 

Reducing  the  funded  debt  on  the  Ist  cf  Octdber,  I8d8, 

.to    , : ../90,45MM    24, 

,  ^Since  that  day  there  has  been  added,  in  Treasury  note 
"/    (5per  cent  stock  ..: ..! •    7l6    75 

—    ' 

Making  an  amegate  of 9Q,45e,5fia'  99 

It  is  estimated  that  tioe  reimlbursement  of  deferred 
stock  in  the  fourth  qi^arter  of  the  present  year  wiR 
amount  to  ...•'...... I.. 274>688    ^85 

■  IM«         I ■  I 

Which  will  reduce  Che  funded  dcbt^  unredeemed  on 

'    tJie  Ist  of  January,  1J924,  to  .'.... flOyl77,962     14 

■  -  -        ■■■  *■■ 

jTb£  aa^ount  of  Treasury  notes  outstanding  on  the  1st 

rf  October,  1^23.  is  estimat^  at.. *..:'..•. -    e6il2«    00 

•  -  -       ■ '. .. 

And  the  amount  of .  Mississippi  stock  umredeemed  on 
that  day  at ....':.........; «1,256    «7 


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196*     ANNUAL  REQISTfife,   1843. 


Prbaiminart  Convention  agreed  upon  between  the  Govemmetd'^ 
BuxN08  Ayres  and  the  Commissionbrs  ofhu  Catholic  Majestt. 


The  govermnent  of  Buenos- 
Ayret  having  reoognued,  and 
caused  to  be  reoognuiM,  in  i^irtue 
of   credentials  presented  and  le- 

ed  in  competent  form,  Senores 
Antonio  Luis  Pereyra  and 
Don  Luis  de  k  Rolda,  as  com- 
missioners from  the  government  of 
his  Catholic  majesty ;  and  it  being 
proposed  to  die  said  Senores,  by 
the  minister  for  foreign  affiurs  of 
the  said  state  of  Buenos- Ayr^  to 
agree  to  a  convention  preliminary 
to  the  definitivetreaty  of  peace  and 
amity,  which  is  to  be  condoded 
between  the  government  of  his 
Catta^lie  majesty,  and  the  govern- 
ment of  the  united  provinces,  upon 
the  bases  establialiea  in  the  law  of 
the  19th  of  June  of  die  present 
year;  and  th^,  after  oonsideriiig» 
and  reciprocally  discussing,  what- 
ever they  held  to  be  calcuhted  to 
•conduce  to  the  better  adjustment 
of  the  relations  cf .  the  said  statej^ 
have,  in  the  exercise  of  the  cha- 
racter with  which  they  are  in- 

-  vested^   and  of-  the  powers  con- 
ferred on  them,  agreed  to  the  said 
preliminary    convention    in    the . 
terms  expressed  in  the  following 
articles:— 

Article  1.  After  sixty  days, 
reckoning  from  the  ratification  of. 
the  present  convention,  by  the  go- 
vernments to  which  it  applies,  all 
hostilities,  by  sea  and  l^  land, 
shall  cease  between  the  said  go- 
vernments and  the  Spanish  nation. 
2.  In  consequence,  die  general 

'  of  the  finsoes  oi  his  CathoHc  ma- 
jesty at  present  in  Peru,  will  con- 
tinUe  in  the  podtions .  which  he 
shall  occupy  at  die  time  of  the 
eonvention  being  notified  to  him, 
samg  the  particular  stipulations, 
which,  for  reciprocal  oanvfoi^noe. 


the  adjacent  governments  may  pro- 
pose or  accept,  for  die  pumme  of 
improving  dieir  respective  fioes^ 
occtmation  during  die  ssspension  of 
hostilities. 

3.  The  relations  of  commerce^ 
with  the  sole  exception  of  artid^ 
contraband  of  war,  shall,  dariaj^ 
the  period  of  die  said  suspendoB, 
be  nmy  re-^tablished  between  iSatt 
provinces  of  the  Spanish  monardi^, 
those  occupied  by  the  armiei  of 
his  Catholic  majesty  in  Peru,  and 
die  states  which  ratify  this  conven- 
tion. 

4*  In  consequence,  the  flags  ff 
die  respective  states  shall  be  rod- 
pocally  respected  and  admitted 
mto  each  other's  ports. 

5.  The  relations  of  maritiiae 
commerce  betwem  die  ^axaik 
nation  and  die  states  whicA  msy 
ratify  this  convention,  'shall  lie 
regulated  by  a  special  conventiody 
die  ftundng  of  wlikh  shall  be 
entered  upon  in  pursuance  of  Ae 
present  convention. 

6.  Neither  the  audiorities*  i^U 
ministering  the  provinces  ci  Pent 
in  the  name  oThis  Catholic  1 


jesty,  nor  the  adjacent  statest, 
impose  on  the  trade  of  eadi  otlier 
higher  duties  than  those  whadi 
may  exist  at  the  period  of  the  ooit- 
dusion  of  the  present  couveulloii* 

7*  The  suspension  of  hostiStfiK 
shall  subsist  for  die  space  of  16 
months. 

8.  Within  die  said  -period  4pe 
government  of  the  state  of  Roaiee- 
Ayres  wiU  neeodate,  through'  ^le 
medium  of  a  pknipotentimn^  of  tke 
united  provinces  of  die  Kb  dela 
Plata,  and  conformably  to  the  kiw 
of  the  19th  of  June,  tl^-oendn^ 
sion  of  a  dbfinxtive  treaQ^'of  |ei 
and  ami^  "kitween '  his 


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.PI^RI'I.C  PQCU.M^NTS.        i97f 


myesj^.  imd  the  states  of  the 
American' oontineat  to  'which  the 
Mod  law  refers. 

,  9.  In;  case  of  the  renewal,  of 
hostilities,  such  renewal  shall  not 
take  place,  nor  shall  the  relations 
pf  cgmmerce  be  uxterrupted,  until 
fouB  months  after  the  intimation  of 
liostiiities. 

^10.  The  law  existing  in  the 
Spanish  .m5inarch7,  as  well  as  in 
the  state  of  Buenos-Ayres,  re- 
specting the  inviolability  of  pro* 
pc^j,.even  though.it  may  be  an 
eneiny's .  proper^,  shall  have  full 
&aroey  4n  the  .case  of  the  operation 
OK )  the  preceding  article,  within 
the  territories  of  the  governments 
which  may  ratify  this  convention, 
iind  redprocfdly. 

(o  11*  As  foon  as  the  govenunent 
ci  Buenos-Ayres  shall  be  autho- 
naed^by  tl^  Hoiise  of  Rej^resen- 
tatives  to  j»itify  this  convention,  it 
Will  negociatethe  accession  thereto 
of  the  governments  of  Chili,  Peru, 
siod'the  xtther. united, provinces  of 
£i^e  fiio  de,la  Plata;  and  the  com-r 
SfKUsioners  of  nis  Catholic  majesty 
wiU,  at  the  same  time,  take  every 
j^eaas  for.  giving  to  UUs  accession, 
1;^  the  part  of  the  authorities  of 
]|is  iCatholic  majesty,  the  most 
^BTompt  and  complete  effect.,  .  . 
.  12.  fox  the  due  effect  and  vbU- 
ditj  of  this  convention,  the  ne^ 
icessary  comes  shall  be  signed  and 
aealed  on  me  part  of  the  commis- 
jbaten  ,of  his  Catholic  majesty 
^ndk  their  seaU  and  on  the  part  of 
the  government  of  Buenos- Ay  res 
im  the  seal  of  the  department  for 
jSmgn  affairs, 
^^pagned)  A  NTONiq  Luis  Pbre  yra, 

I    ^         .     LW  J>£   LA  BOBLA, 

^        .    ,    Commissioners  df  his  Ca- 
^,,/  thoUc  majesty. 

-  :.i  Bb/rnahdin  bjlv apavi a. 

Minister  for  foreign .  a&irs . 


Law  Pbojsct. — Sii^  Article.^ 

The  government  is  authorLeed 
to  ratify  the  preliminary  conven- 
tion concluded  on  the  4th  of  Uie 
present  month  oet ween  the  govem^^ 
ment  of  the  state  of  Buenos- Ayres 
and  the  commissioners  of  his  Ci^- 
thoUc  majesty  resident  there ;  and 
also  to  neflodate  the  accession 
thereto  of  3ie  states  and  govern- 
ments mentioned  in  article  11  of 
the  said  convention. 

RiVADAVIA. 


ILaw  Project. — Single  Article. 

,  The  war  which  the  king,  Louis 
18th,  is  prepanng  to  make  on  the 
Spanish  nation  being  directly  and 
prindpally  opposed  to  tlie  principle 
reo^nized  in  article  1  of  the  law 
of  toe  lOth  of  May,  1832,  in  case 
that  aggression  should  be  realised, 
the  government  is  authorized  to 
negociate, — after  the  conclusion  of 
the  definitive  treaty  of  peace  and 
amity  with  his  Catholic  majesty,  on 
the  bases  of  the  Uw  of  the  19tb 
of  June,  to  which  treaty  the  con- 
vention of  the  4th  of  July  current 
is  preliminary,-— that  there  shall  be 
voted,  by  the  American  states  re- 
cogn^ed  independent,  in  virtue  of 
the  said  definitive  treaty,  for 
maintaining  the  independence  of 
Spain  un£r  the  representative 
system,  the  same  sum  of  20  mil- 
lions as  that  which  in  the  month 
of  March  last  was  supplied  f^ 
destroying  it  by  the  chambers  of 
Paris. 

RlVADAVtA, 
Bucnos-Ayrep,  July  4,  '      ^ 


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MsssAGJB  (^  the  EuGimTB  PowBB  of  C&L^fikmA,  &h  the'Cpduifff 
thejrst  Caruiiluiional  Co^ress  of  iht  RepitbB&. 


Citizens  of  the  senate  and  of  tb'e 
ehambet  of  repie^femtjitives.—- The 
flblemn  mstallation  of  the  second 
congress  of  Colombia  is  one  of  the 
i^ost  happy  events  of  my  poetical 
life.  Its  meeting  in  the  manner 
prescribed  by  our  fundamental 
Iaws>  is  both  an  unanswerable 
tesdmony  of  the  acquiescence  of 
the  ffoyammeni  in  the  declared 
win  6f  the  nation,  and  a  motive 
for  consolation  to  the  republic  and 
of  shame  to  its  enemies.  This 
most  fiugust  body  uniting  the  most 
etilightened  understan£ngs>  the 
purest  patriotism^ ,  and  the  npst 
Extensive  eilperience,  its  delibera^ 
tions  cannot  fail  to  be  the  &uits  of 
the  most  aiilent  dedie  for  the 
public  prospenty.  I  am  convinced 
that  wise  laws^  salutary  reforms, 
and  measures  which,  by  dissemi- 
iiating  universal  happiness  and 
good  will,  shall  consolidate  the 
j¥ork  of  12  years  of  sacrifices,  will 
result  from  your  deliberations,  and 
he  the  al^undant  fruit  which  the 
people  will  receive  with  joy  and 
(^ness.  However  great  were 
the  exertions  and  labours  of  the 
lasi  general  con^re^s,  and  howeyer 
jiaudable  the  desure  by  which  it  was 
.animated,  there  is  a  void  in  the 
republic  which  you  are  called  iipon 
iQ  m^e  good.  The  coiistituehj; 
pongres?  .could  scarcely  do  mcfre 
th^n  trace  out  the  line  tj  which 
SUbcceeding  legislatures  could  pro- 
ceed witli  security.  The  executive 
government  will,  by  ineans  of  its 
respective .  oigans,  lay  beforfe  liie 
congress  all  the  information  and 
materials  which  time  and  drcunif 
stances  have  permitted  it  to  collect ; 
and  you,  gentlemen,  selecting  the 
best  and  most  prqper  for  the  hap- 
piness of  the  nation,  will  find  a 


vast  field  open  to  ydinr  d£ffi)d»- 
tions  and  to  the  fUfiUnent  of  yoM^ 
duties. 

.  The  government  of  OdonilA 
has  not  omitted  any  Btcos .  ftat 
could  brine  our  contest  witp  Spiz& 
ix)  an  eda,  in  a  mttniier  lioooinr 
able  to  both  parties,  and  wiUx  r&> 
ciprocal  advantages.  The  gu^eifr 
ment  has  not  been  gidded^  uff 
apprehension  of  the  undertain  liAft 
df  the  war,  but  by  the  denre  of 
^ving  humanity  from  di6  \imXm 
sacrifice  of  fr'esh  victims,  and  69" 
tablishing  peace  betweeii  Hfe  two 
nations. 

The  government  avaBbA  ItaaF 
of  the  &st  favourable  minoei^  to 
send  a  commission  to  Madrid, 
which,  being  assisted  by  Qie  ^fo* 
gress  of  our  cause,  and  me  &Mngt 
of  principles  in  the  pc^lical  spitem 
of  Spain,  might  obtain  by  renoA, 
that  which  we  were  otherwise  A^ 
termined  to  attain  by  arni^  Our 
aj^ts  were  not  beai9  *  inkpot*- 
turns,  absolutely  fUse,  were  made 

r'nstthem;  they  were  desH^iift* 
from  the  Court  upon  (Hritt- 
nourable  pretences,  and  ^  hula^ 
ner  in  which  we  were  aecredil* 
ed  was  such,  that  condliatW 
on  the  principle  of  uSdependcdsc^ 
was  impossible.  The  ^trtetdMoi 
pf  the  republic  was  not  rihptlsfed 
$t  this  result,  fbr  it  never  hM  m- 
son  to  entertain  the  idea,  iStal  t&e 
government  t^  his  Catholic  tiAh 
J esty  was  disposed  to  tenodiicfe  Ae 
mad  desire  cf  keeping  iis  &  tQh 
Jection ;  but  it  Was  nec^asaf}^  U 
accede  to  the  Wishes  of  Ae  Spaiiflh 
commissjoneni,  and  to  give  to  the 
world  a  fresh  proof  tiiat  our  pene- 
vekaniift  in  the  ptfeseilt  contest  fid 
not  prdceed  frdoii  ^  MMt  of  re- 
venge qi  hatied>  Imr  fras  OtlilMt 


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^UBLIO  DOGUMJBNTS.        109? 


^  :-diH]rctf  apooyl^asplriiigto 
the  uiipNyvenieQt  of  their  oonidi- 
tion.  The  suhsequent  conduct  ci 
liis  Ctttfadic  maje^s  goveniment^ 
m  xeinfoixang  ih»  armament  that 
aoaolta  oor  tenritonies^  and  that  of 
the  general  of  the  expeditionary 
army,  in  dedaring  the  treaty  c^ 
Tnudllb  void,  thus  deprecating  die 
ng^its  of  nations,  has  nnally  proved 
to  ua,  that  our  enemies  will  heno^ 
ibrth  tenaciously  cany  on  their 
iyatem  of  exterminating  warfare 
against  die  independence  of  the 
R^ublic.  The  executive  govern* 
Buent  is  firm  in  its  determinatiail 
not  to  listen  to,  nor  admit  of  any 
negotiation,  on  the  part  of  l^pain, 
which  has  not  for  its  hasb  the  ex« 
j^icifc  reoognition  of  our  national 
aovereign^. 

So  well  convinced  was  the  go- 
vernment cf  Colomhia  of  the  deci- 
sion of  the  government  of  Madrid 
to'pndong  tibe  war  against  Ame- 
xica^  that  we  hastened  to  estahlidi 
solid  relations  with  the  indepen- 
dent stotesof  the  New  World,  fix- 
.  ing  a  secure  hasis  on  which,  either 
die  coot&inance  of  the  contest,  or 
a   negadation  with  the  neutral 
powers  and  Spain,  should  be  oon^ 
meted*     The  government  of  Co- 
hMnbia  has  been  the  first  to  lay  the 
ibitndation  of  an  American  confer 
deratiofn,  which,  uniting  the  poli- 
tical intexests  of  ihe  vast  territory 
tiiat  has  separated  itself  from  the 
mother  country,  ffuaranteein^  and 
lesMotin^  each  oUier  respectively, 
,  dual   leciiHfocaUy  communicate  a 
physical  and  moral  power,  capable 
ol  attesting  and  annihilating  aU 
the  midertaldngs  ci  the  goyem- 
ment,  our  enemy.    The  treaties 
whiah  have  as  yet  been  made  to 
that  e&Qt,  will  be  laid  before  the 
Ccn^pess^  and  I  take  the  liberty  of 
<>'flfenng  to  it,  in  antidpation,  my 
€9l^||i£^b|ians  on  the  satisfaction 


with  which  it  wiU  perceive  the  so- 
lidity and  stability  which  we  have 
fiven  to  the  independence  of  the 
few  World.  Great  changes  have 
taken  place  in  the  Mexican  em- 
pire ance  the  Convention  made  at 
Cordova,  between  the  chief  of  thtf 
Independents,  and  the  Spanish 
flen^al  Odonqju.  Don  Augustin 
Iturbide  has  been  placed  on  the 
Imperial  Throne^  instead  of  tiie 
fiunily  called  to  it  by  the  plan  of 
Iguala,  and  the  trea^  of  Cordova; 
in  consequence  of  which  the  Cortes 
of  Madrid  have  declared  the  latter 
to  be  anniilled.  Th6  government 
of  Colombia  is  not  accurately  ac- 
q^uainted  with  the  nature  and  par* 
ticulan  of  the  events  which  have 
placed  the  impeiial  Crown  on  iSie 
head  of  Iturbide,  and  has  talcen 
such  measures  to  prodne  such  in- 
f omiation  as  it  deems  indiqiensable 
to  open  and  cement  the  relations 
between  the  rc^blic  and  the  em- 
pire, on  the  pnnciple  of  not  inter- 
fering with  its  internal  arrange* 
ments,  and  torecoffnxze  the  decided 
will  oi  the  Mexican  nation,  so 
hm^  as  it  adheres  to  the  detmni* 
nation  of  remaining  independent 
of  Spain. 

The  government  of  the  United 
States  has  ^en  a  suUime  example 
of  justice,  m  solemnly  recognizing 
the  independence  and  soveidgofty 
of  the  States  of  South  America; 
ihat  nation,  the  cradle  of  the  li- 
berty of  the  world,  has  petoeived 
with  satisfaction  that  this  pul^ 
act  was  due  to  policy  and  soiMd 
reason ;  and  the  illustrious  meiii- 
bers  of  its  government  have,  by 
su(sh  ixmduct,  added  fresh  lustre  to 
the  glory  of  a  free  peo0e,  and  to 
its  own.  There  is  iww  residing 
in  this  capital  a  minister  from  that 
government,  by  wIkmo  means  we 
are  informed  of  the  friendly  senti- 
ments  by  whidi  it  Is  animated  to- 


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wsrdfiis,  aod  of  its  dub68itiQa.i3Q 
oomtheiice '  arid  to  estaUIsh.  rda^' 
turns  with  the  republic.  The  ex- 
eeu^ve  power  has  hastened  to  ma- . 
nifest  the  same  feelings  on  its  part 
by  means  of  a  minister  plenipoten- 
tiaiy^  and  to  prepare  the  prelimi- 
,  naries  which  must  precede  the  ne- 
g(Hiations. 

With  the  European  powers  we 
have  succeeded  in  entering  upon 
tome  diplomatic  relations,,  which 
are  at  present  reduced  to  the  ob- 
tainment  of  an  explicit  recognition 
of  ouSr  national  sovereignty.  Our* 
cause  appears  tq  have  attained  con- 
siderable popularity  among  some 
of  the  most  powerful  nations ;  and 
ftUhough  their  governments  have 
«0t  d^uded  on  making  the  re- 
quired declaration,  they  have  not 
|iven  us  any  cause  for  oomidaint.. 
Their  acts  relative  to  commerce 
and  neutraGty  have  arisen,  out  of 
the  priticiple  of  recognising  us  as 
govenim€;njts,  de  facto*  That  of 
Ccdombia  has  convinced  all  na- 
tions, thsit  good  faith  and  justice 
are  the  immutable  rules  of  our 
conduct,  and  that  we  make  it  our 
duty  to  respect  the  laws  of  aU 
states,  their  rights,  and  those  of 
their  respective  subjects.  Such 
win  always  be  the  ccniduct  of  the 
flovernment  and  citiitens  of  Co- 
lomhia,  as  thie  means  of  preserving 
peace  and  sood  understanding  with 
the  rest  of  the  universe.  It  is  sa* 
tisfactory  to  me,  that,  during  the 
course  of  my  administration,  on  the 
establishment  of  a  new  and  deli- 
cate  syston,  no  questions  of  diffi- 
culty have  presented  themselves, 
tending  to  interrupt  the  harmony 
in  which  we  live  with  all  natiqns. 
His  Faithful  M^esty,  the  King 
of  Portugal,  has  opened  the  way 
in  Europe,  to  the  recognition  of 
the  Americto  governments.  That 
©f  Cpl^Tnbia  hud  addrjsssed  a  di- 


l.bbon,which»anxn^alW  things. 
was  to  regulate  the  hmita^if  ihtti»r* 
public  ad|oiniag  the  BtAaUsybtti  thK 
unexpected  death  of  Mr.  £cheve»>. 
ria,  and  the  late  events  ia  ike  pnn. 
vinces  of  Brasil,  temdilig  to^thahr 
off  their,dependcoDG^  oa  Por^igi^ 
have  frustrated  our  intcat»0B»  >  X 
have  taken .  stq^  to  arran^  mtk 
theG)urtat  Rome  xieqpestisg  tlw 
||ovenunent  of  eoilciiftstirdiiifiaity 
in  which  so  many  diffiaiilti<ftf  hum 
been,,  and  are.. daily  wfcriwucBJ,; . 
to  the  manifest  detriment  of  ths 
{prerogatives  of  the  siq^cenae  «tfil 
authority,  and  of  ..tb»  siwdtaai 
wants  cf  the  people.  .  The  ^ealir 
of.  Mr.  Edieverrifi  intefropted  tfak 
negotiation,  also,  but  the  gpngm- 
ment  is  already  prepaieJL  to  aend a 
firesK  mission  to  JRoiae.  la  dia- 
mean  time>  the  Congress  wffl  ha 
inform^  of  the  manner  in.  mhiek 
this  matter  is  conducted^  trusting 
that  your  wisdom  will  l$j*igjimm 
a  certam,  although  provistMl.i«ii. 
gulation,  that  .will  ntBonvm  .«B 
scruples  and  other  diffio«ilMf>i.  *  c 
'  T%e  government  has  t>»aatis 
faction  to  annmmce  to,  the  C^Or 
gress,  that  the  five  tecrito«|r  vsUdr 
die  Republic  of  Colovdia  mm. 
embcacesr  is  the  same  as  thid;  ^m/Ajt 
by  the  fundamental  hm.  of  thft.^ 
sts,te.  Three  new  >.  dq^mssrfs 
have  increased  the  nuadmraf  Ikass 
which  recognised,  the  kw.«f-jft* 
ganisation  df  the  2nd  of  OddMKS: 
the  one  separated-  itsdf  £roni*t]ir 
mother  country  by  its  ow3»*  emih 
tions;  the  other  tw»  hav«  btto 
liben^  by  .the  valour  «f;:.tki 
army,  and  the  extapaoriinaiy  ikir 
li^  and  prudeiH^  of  tbe  Fmidott 
Liberator.  Thus,  m  tlMom,  mm 
the  other  seven  deoartnifiilib  ./te  > 
po^iticaL  ^stenv  iadofNs4  >kf  Jte  * 
constituent^CWmsofGMMMir 
Wn^atablishid,. Willi ^gpMMi^  iffr 


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in 


oMt  iMipw  oi  ptospeiiity  on 

their  poliiical    and    dvfi 

Uboty  a^eered  V  tlie  fundamental 

mi0»  ^  Evarj  CoionbiiRi  has  sob- 

mk$»d  16b  own  will  to  tliat  of  tbe 

hm :    the  fjloTf  of  tlie  warrior^ 

tho  aHmtiinaHion  of  ite  philoao- 

jibBT,  tiiefHren^atives  of  tlieniini»- 

ler  of  tbe  akar,  iSbe  inflnenoe  of 

merit,  of  reputation,  and  of  Tixtoe 

— 4dl   have'  humbled   themaehres 

brfgro  the  oonslitation.    But  for 

the  esoeption  of  two   or   three 

nail  bodies  <€  men,  who  wished 

to  live  in  ihe  nndsi  of  disorder, 

the  government  nik|ht  aver  that 

no-seittfmeilts  but  those  of  union 

aadrfratermty  exist  in  the  bosmn 

(^  the  C#loaibiflns.    The  state  of 

o*der<  aad  inteiiaal  repose  which 

the  TCAublie  has  attained,  has  not 

iMwa  aiatuibed  either  by  the  arro- 

floftt  aittetnpts  of  the  enemy,  by 

nis   evil  snggestionk^  or  by  the 

fra(|«ent  difficulties  arising  from 

the*  pauiiiil  state  of    the  public 

tr^BSui^,   li^ich  sometimes   ofier 

ooportmBties   for   disturbance  to 

thiMe  who,  in  the  alteratien  of  a 

By  item,  espeti^Me  duHoges  eiUier 

c^  leftnae  or  in  thdr  tiewr  of  am- 

bilBOii.    The  government  aokoow- 

ledges    ilMlf    indebted    for   thi^ 

benefit,  first  to  the  mercy  of  the 

Smpnauf  Belnc,  who  has  watched 

0¥«r  the  fate  oTCblombia,  and  next 

to  the  efficaoiotts  oMiperadon  of  all 

the  oitiaens,  of  all  the  authorities, 

and  .especialty,  of  the  venerable 

dei^  bach  seeular  and  regular. 

Onso  prosperous  a  basis,  public 

education  has  b^un  to  mead  suo* 

cesslully^   information    has    been 

^Ifibsed  by  means  of  the  pess,  the 

dtiaens  hove  pfoeoied  liberty  to 

dttumnee  the  ah|ise  of  power,  an^ 

the  people  have  been  inspired  with 

A  ttsoam  krve  ibr  their  institutions. 

The  pMpagation  and  frogre*  of 


litecsry '  and  sdentific  estabfidi- ' 
ments,  whidi  I  anticipate  fix>m  the^ 
new  statutes  of  the  Conmss  and^^ 
the  influence  of  the  local  authorl* 
ties,'  will  doubtless  be  the  belt 
siroport  which  our  code  and  the  ad«i 
ministration  oi  the  government^, 
the  security  of  the  republic  and^ 
its  future  happiness  will  hencefor- 
ward possess.  It  is  a  most  gratify- 
ing duty  for  me  to  recommend  to 
you,  most  ardently,  the  fate  of  the 
Colombian  people,  whose  sacrificed 
have  rendered  the  entire  protection 
of  wise  and  beneficent  laws  neces^' 
sary  to  them.  A  most  extermi- 
nating warfare  has  destroyed  its 
population,  its  afpriculturq,  and  ita 
eonuneroe,  and  it  is  the  duty  of 
Cong^ress  to  do  its  utmost  for  the 
revival  of  these  sources  of  pubHc 
and  private  wealth.  I  call  the 
attention  of  Congress  to  ag^ulr 
ture,  commerce,  and  the  mii^es: 
our  geogn^hical  position  will  afibr4 
you  the  re$idy  means  of  placing 
the  heroic  people  of  Colombia  in  a 
situation  to  redouble  and  enrich 
itself. 

.  Reelecting  the  national  reveniie, 
I  £d  not  desire  to  distui^b  Ui^ 
pleasure  the  Congress  must  hav^ 
ea^erienoed  on  hearing  the  com* 
munications  I  have  just  made  to  it;. 
The  public  treasury  is  impoverr 
ished;  the  revenue  system  requires 
alteration,  and  the  necessities 
which  it  is  urgent  to  provide  fqr 
are  such  as  not  to  admit  of  delay 
or  procrastination.  The  leovem- 
jnent  has  undergone  afflicting 
jtroegles  in.  the  course  of  its  a£ 
ministration,  and  the  Congress  canr 
not  but  approve  the  manner  in 
.which  it  has  been  able  to  overcome 
the  struf^  between  urgent  pubHo 
n^eessities,  and  tiie  calamities,  with 
'which  the  fortunes  of  the  dtiJieqs 
have  been  vinted.  .  The  Con^ntss 
of  Cucuta  pasfed  the  most  faene- 


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2«Jt<     ANNUAL  REGLSTEB,    l^n. 


fieifll  kWs,  by  whidi  the  old  e6k)» 
idd  rerenttes  were  dkftinubed,  and 
Ae  siibi^tJ^on,  that  was  adopted 
to  covet  iske  deficit^  has  not  at  all 
corresponded  tothe  estimates.  The 
army,  and  the  officers  of  the  dvil 
a&idniBtratlto  and  of  ike  revenuey 
demand  the  retnm  of  that  part  of 
their  pay  which  tiie  govemmentr 
had  l^ught  proper  to  retain :  the 
fbrdficatimn,  the  marine,  theartil-« 
lery,  and  magajdnes,  liie  officers^ 
€he  na«i<>nal  e^Ablishment^  all  re- 
hire ^e  considemtion  of  Congivsi^ 
and  so  turgently>  that,  in  my 
opinion,  k  dught  lb  oectij^y  lis 
first  sittings;  fbr  willwut  pecmriary 
resources  the  govSHinent  siiinoc 
MSL  its  duties,  nor  the  nadMi 
profit  hy  i^  independenea  said 
fiheity.  It  is  to  the  Chitmher  of 
Representatives  I  mofe  especiflily 
dbett  my  voice  in  this  maitof  t 
two  bfanches  ei  rerenno'  appefii*  to 
me  capable  of  asiiistf  ng  ns  in  pMM 
Tiding  abundantly  the  supplies  I 
require— ^ose  of  tobacco  and  of 
histoiiis.  The  first  requi^es^  fvnds 
to  improve  it,  and  to  make  ad^ 
ranees;  and  the  second,  well  regu- 
lated taws.  If  to  diese  are  a^ed 
the  improvements^  which  I  uipeel 
wffi  b6  made  in  the  other  odstii^ 
ftrahcfa^,  it  may  be  expected  Itet 
the  people,  bcuig  less  bnrthened, 
wiU  theiteS^lves  fedfitate  the  means 
of  improrin^  iiie  national  treasury. 
Th^  goventineUt  is  desirous  ^at 
^i^  exactions  from  ti!fee  dergy, 
liiown  under  the  iitks  ot  memam^ 
eeckMHica,  ahnaUdades^  and  irus 
-dkt^nnaia,  may  be  enthdy  ab(A- 

jBueGu 

0§t  of  iM  objects  to  whiA  I 
tnu^  CSrect  the  pat^cuW  atten- 
iiion  bt  the  Congress  is  our  fbtdgn 
xKbl.  I  on,  gcntlett&i^,  are  awvte 
thdt  th^  gjshend^tj  of  several 
fl^fitei^,  during  ddamitous 
{Mndds,  fftartfiist^d  ih^  sfixit  of 


Hie  Colombnns,  and  sttppueMknn 
with  the  means  of  maintaiiiB^ 
gkxnoud3rdie  warof  indepentoiee; 
whaitaver  may  have  been  tiie  views 
and  BpecttlatioDS  of  our  avsflianes, 
the  repij^ilie  is  their  deiilor,  and  we 
afe  boond  to  pay  with  fidetity* 
Theoomplicated  sieuaticm;,  in  ndiieh 
^lis  husinesB  is  phiced  at  ptvaeat 
by  the  proceedings  of  our  agenft 
in  Europe,  send  mcne  so  by  tlw 
difficult  oiiounBtanoes  wilii  whidi 
the  r^ublic  was  sonouoded  until 
last  year,  has  presented  the  goven* 
ment  wint  serioas  difficvitiea»  ia 
adopting  a  conciliiliary  and  deeop* 
Otts  line  d  conduct.  The  Cm^ 
ftxew  will  be  ii^bttned  «f  all  the 
details,  aAd  will  be  conviDoed  sf 
the  pradeiioe  vriA  nhicli  V  hsfs 
MMttcted  an  affidr  of-  ao  raadi 
dsiicaey.  I  must,  howeves',  dedaie 
^at  our  national  himoiir  shoali 
rise  above  all  other  eoiHidenitM«4 
by  saefifidng  lo  k  that  ngoAM^ 
and  ecanomy  wyeh,  in  otSer  eii^ 
eumstbnces,  We  ihould  aealwly 
ttid '  rigoroudty  eliliMMS.  l^e  sr 
debtors,  attd  we  must  psiy^  at  aiQr 
sacrifiee.  The  executive 
emet^that  the  Cxm0em  i 
af  kw  by  whi<At  it  wm  b» 
t^  proyfide  fttr  tiie  pafOMnt  ef  iihe 
interest  and  the  gradual  liquidaliM 
of  the  prmc^i^L 

The  anns  of  Ccumbia  haite 
been  covered  with  glory  wherevir 
ihey  have  prodaimra  the  krwaaad 
Hb^ty,  and,  even  in  the^  revcaei, 
they  have  preserved  entise  the 
diajracter  which  they  had  acquired. 
At  the  time  when  the  Coiims  of 
Cucutil  dosed  its  sittings  &e  te- 
portent  foiliesass  df  Csrthagrns 
and  Dnnana  were  inlhelian&ef 
the  Spaniards;  tiie  b^mus  and 
the  provHKes  of  tiit  esptani  gdai^ 
ralriiip  of  QuiM)  groaned  under 
the  unjust  dominion  of  dlie^fwetil* 
ibent  m  Madrid ;  thsb  ps9^wtf^^^ 


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PUBLIC  DOCUNEENTS.        SOT 


tiM^tidfi  foBi6ht6d  hy  iHjttitiKk 
agents ;  the  duMtriot  of  Oesmi  itfits 
ftnder  the  ddminioii  of  A  fliufaiiij 
^  province  of  GttiyoqmU  ^ttsCm^ 
bedf  in  the  int«ridr;  was  eaqioMdM 
iShe  fary  ci  ffiiaichy,  aai  a  mflri^ 
tefane'  force  fearlesslf  domineeve^ 
o^ere^Atkntieooast.  Now^allhat 
^foappeflored^  and  iSub  immeMe  teni^ 
foiy^  onoe  TSk  tbe  poascakm  of  SjMiin,  -it 
iiow  trndertheprDteetkniof  wekivfe 
and  ^emintet  el  Colombia.  Li> 
centixMmMtey  whi^  genMuly  ku^ 
lowsin  Retrain  oiwar^  hannot  fllaii^ 
edthe  reputation  of  thedefendeis  of 
tile  tepoUEo-^e  kfws  have  spoken 
'^•'^thexr  tolee  has  been  mote  tz»- 
ittehdoid'  than  the  elash  of  ami% 
jn^  the  oon^emrs^  in  a  USkJUiaHMl 
fmttleSyhaye  never  hesfttafedto  obe^ 
Ixieni  wnn  stkemuskMi.  A  despoil 
ntte  attempt  of  Ihe  caeni]r>  yMA 
jm  supeHot  maiiumci  rotco  etoabled 
liim  to  nmk^  baa  mised  the  pnWc 
mfinty  and  tecafied  to  the  liberatisag 
«Ma7  Its  most  saeifed  dntj-'-^hat  ef 
iMe^iiig  its  sacrifieeri  §at.  tte  id* 
oopendence  (n  liief  ootttftiy <  Mam 
iMwfao^  ^'^^^  deenpied  by  th^  eih> 
'^peditionaty  tteheral>  tile  ^ebutifte 
'pcyv^ei'  cuiicfa^cu  itdnf  to  bfe  in  the 
situation  oootemplated  by  Ai^  IflB 
'iU  the  constitution^  Md  hits  usdd 
the  extraor^tiBry  pdiMirf  attffibdted 
to  it  in  such  manner  imd  terms  as 
will  be  laid  before  the  Congress 
Sma»9kf*  H  I  have  not  as  ^M 
experienced  the  satis&ction  of 
leamjcng  the  con^lete  destruction 
<gf  the  enemy^  1  huve  at  letet 
tfiat  of  knowing  thikt  Ms  ittfifki- 
'tfhtttf  hiiT^  bMm  fhnrtrtAed  hi  ille 
IdVa^ott  of  MdMa  and  Tyutittft^ 
arid  diat  tih^  tftipdSrimentsof  Vem- 
-M^la  ittd  fioyAtsl  AM  iH  #  ila«e  #f 
*flMMinty>  lifei  ivufuifMioeiiiB  of  vie 
ntaxf  of  the  MaedidenH  htetilfig 
'utefi '^BduSouny  dupotwdj  dttd-  ^e 
fbrtie00e«  of  Puecto^farito  Hid 


Ibliotlbo  tteinf  in*  «  sWe  cT 
i%aimisiUoekade.  Madit^iioibeen 
liirtha  tindbrtiiimte  oeoutteinoe  of 
the  itt8«n»0tion  of  afewplBoeibl 
ftmta  Martha,  the  gnwnmsnt 
would  now  \M»fe  amnmnced  to  the 
Coo^MM  the  flreetattof  the  depaitii 
avtotef  Ztdi^- 

The  standing  army  and  te 
ndtdonat  miiitia  lafufe  careful 
regulfttknMiidotfgalnJM^tion;  m 
^Mit  thtese^  tte  ^ersmMit  will  ooa^ 
tiflue  taeaqpenanoaiw^  diffiedtiea 
•Dd  opi^oskaoB.  a$  li»  eaamiDi* 
iiibrence  betweav  the  politiofll 
syAem  of  •  free  state  and  the 
asiMiflrf  systom  of  an  afaaolote 
toOHBiehy  necessarily  prodase>  Tie 
IbrtMistf  ^i^ish  come  into  oar 
posicwieu  in  a  rahooua  state  b^ 
^uite  ntigtet  fepair8^-«4ihe  ma^ 
^nea  end  pMlui  of  artfllety  v^^ose 
itot«aand  other  waaUka  woBf^m^ 
whidb  render  tto  tapuhlk  VB^fet^ 
iUe.  I  tesooniand  to  die  Cco- 
ffreM^  wkb  thftt  aniool:  which  it  is 
fce<mibene  oii  me  to  fe^  the  fitHe 
«f  ties  widow%  aad  of  the  sddMn 
and  officers  didkMed  in  the  servioe 
ef  ^le^ouni^*- 

The  eitttlkni^  of  iIm  goweto- 
'liieiM  have  pfoeavel  for  the  tepth- 
lid  *  tfufidoit  micilime  fbtee  to 
pMM  ^  ^o^M«  and  thefofeu^ 
Itdtew  Wi1lMiiiWeA0uldb*stiU 
subject  to  the  Spanish  8qu%dion^  to 
whosesuperiority,  as  I  hare  akea^y 
saidif  the  eatay  ia  «lchHWvefy  in- 
debted for  the  fKLvantaffes  he  has 
atta^ied.  But  this  vtauaUa  aifr-  \ 
quisitltiii  will  ha  of  »a  use,  if  the 
Ctn^gsm  dufes  net  nf^fdy  the  ^ 
tenmnii  with  tii^  means  to  majn- 
talh,  iBCieasii  and  Mpai^  wii^lever 
tile  oiwtm  of  maitny  ereiLts  or 
lie  aeaidenttfof '  Am  Aa^mM  may 
render  necessary.  The  aedetary 
ef  tHeNatywilllnrbefoiferthe  Con- 
tore  dktmUd  itrftHBOtte  im 
hMli  aOBl  f^  iMMii  io  it 


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«(Mf      ANNUAL  R£G1STEIW  in3. 


^  jBMilt  of  the  gkiBoiu  %mi$ 
^wUch  our  fiaroee  hav^  b^gtui  to 
make,  tof^efcher  with  the  regula* 
iixnu,  ardinanoe^  and  other  provi* 
aions  whi^  the  executiye  hM 
made,  in  virtue  oi  the  law,  to  pro- 
cure and  pceaerve  such  a  maritime 
force  as  our  geograj^iieal  pofitioi^ 
requires. 

Gentlemeiv— I  have  lived  onlj 
4o  ooBtrUmte  tq  the  fulfilment  ^ 
ihe  will  of  the  nation:  to  the 
dgesous  dbeervaaoe^f  the  laws  I 
wre  sacrifioed  projects  of  utility 
and  oonvanieBe^  persuaded  thai 
julopdssion  to  them  is  nevor  more 
aeoctaary  .than  in  the  commence- 
imeot  of  the  estaUishment  of  a 
folkioal  systan^  jmd  that  np  one 
4mg^  to  bow  to  them  with  greater 
respect  than  he  who  is  pliu^ed  at 
th^  head  of  the  ggvemmsnt  If 
wcumilanoes  have  obliged  me  to 
^QKersise  the  estnordinary  nowem 
jwhich  the  oonstitution  permits,  it 
never  has  been  my  intention  to 
avail  mjTself  of  them  either  againat 
tiie  jpolitical  freedom  of  the  nation* 
^  of  the  individual  libexty  of  the 
citisens.  Foreim  enemiesand  in^ 
tmnud  traoquilli^  have  been  the 
enly  pl^ts  I  have  had  in  viaw  in 
lbee»ercise  of  such  powers ;  and  in 
^Btimnoy  of  this  truth  I  can  ap- 
peal to  the  whole  population  of 


AejepiiUi&    li ,_        ., 

to  eiiipby  the  authoci^,  vdnch  4v» 
representatives  of  the  nation  depo- 
sited in  my  hands,  ^  ^  f*OPV 
poipose,  and  if  I  havft  not  adk 
vaneed,  so  far  as  my.  daarea  ami 
my  conscience  led  me  to  wisb,  tfai 
CoDgreismust  attribute  i%  P^-^ 
want  of  metms,  of  time^  fad  ef 
tranqttility>  and  not  to  nay  aontir 
ments.  From  themoinpntmhe^ 
took  the  reins  of  ffpveaimeni^  i 
was  persuaded  that  Iwaa  jplacim 
myself  under  a  load  supeodor  t9 
my  8treDgth-«-that  I  renaunopdm| 
liberty,  axid  mnttitnfiwl  nmif  4 


slave  of  Colombia;  and 
frankly  confw  tbat^.if  I  did  not 
plaoe  my  hroes  in  t^  labpws  mil 
assistance  ojftheCi^igras^  I.AodIs 
not  hesiiM^  a  monw^  in  -recofci* 
ing  my  liberty*  In .  oq&elusiqa^ 
l^tlemenj  I  coogiatida^  the  »> 
public  pn  the  installation  of  tha 
first  constitutional  le^slatuiet,  an! 
entreat  of  you,  vrit^  tfae  xMft 
ardent  feeliugpi  of  my  hent,  that 
we  m^y  unite  pur>exf|rtipw|»  onir 
.vifliianoet*  and*  one  sant^Dieolv  ^ 
labour  for  the  hs^^essof  Cobn^ 
bia»  and  pmserve  entire  thiafa^ 
cious treasnaa^  herindependsn«i 
and  liberty. 

FBAMOmOO  9E  PAXTLOSAKTAK^ntt 
.  Bogela,  l7th«A|^,  18S3— 13th.     ; 


TnsAnr  idtvem  ike  Rbfublic  of  Colombia  wui  ike  Srjnm  ^ 


.    COLQMjaiA  AND  PxRO. 

.  f rBOKOsoo  de  Paria  Santander»  of 
lAe  libentofls  of  Venesnela 
and  Cundaaa«oa»  &&,  Vice^ 
Pnsidentof  the  RepuhUcy  and 
ehw^,with  the  Eiseeutiffe 
Power. 
To  all  pecsGBis  mko  may  see 

Aeseipaesents,  health. 

r  tiWhmas^  heivean  tk«  j^Hiblis 


of  Colombia  and  the  state  ^Paei 
there-. WAS  rgnrluded  andrsiDiedt.'m 
the  mty  of  the  fireem^  ^tim^ 
^the6thof/u]y»  in^yBeaP'^ 
giMoe,  XBSSi.  hy  plenipotwtiaiip 
sufficiently  authoniied   a»    hodk 

coalilaon,  and  eeSSn^oi^  th« 
tenaurof  wbioh.is.lKMosi!(|(ailbt^ 


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PUBLIC    liOCUMBNTS.      !|Otf» 


*'''  Ri  ind  nsnttf  tf  Godj  the  Sot6* 
nttm  Goterndr  6i  tbc  UniTene ! 

The  goremnient  dP  the  republic 
ef  Coiitmhia  onite  one  pttrt,  and 
that  dt  the  state  ef  Peru  on  th^ 
other,  Wng  animated  with  a 
nnoere  wiih  to  put  an  end,  as  earij 
as  podsifeie,  to  the  calamities  of  the 
'present  war,  -provoked  hy  the  go^ 
>emment  of  his  Catholk  majestjr, 
the  Idng  of  ^ein,  by  efficaciously 
•eo-operatin^  to  so  desirable  an  end 
with  all  &eir  influence,  means, 
'and  sea  and  land  forces,  until  they 
have'  secured  for  ever,  to  their 
'respecdve  countries,  subjects,  and 
eitizens,  the  vahiafale  enjoyments 
of  their  internal  tranquillity,  free* 
dom,  and  national  independence; 
and  his  excdlency  the  liberator, 
preddent  of  Colombia,  having  for 
this  purpose  conferred  fbll  powers 
on  the  hon.  Joaquin  Mosquem, 
member  of  the  senate  of  the  said 
repuUic ;  and  the  state  of  P^  on 
coionelDon  Bernardo  Monteagudo, 
cminsdior  and  minister  of  state 
and  fbrei^  affldrs,  founder  and 
member  0?  the  jmat  oouncQ  of  the 
order  of  t3ie  Sun,  and  secretary 
thereof,  decorated  with  the  medal 
of  the  liberating  army,  superin^ 
tendant-general  of  the  post-office, 
and  president  of  the  -  patriotic 
society,  Aey  hare,  after'  ex- 
chan^nff  in  good  and  due  form 
their  said  powers,  agreed  upon  the 
'  following  articles  :-^ 

Art  1.  The  Republic  of  CohnAia 
and  the  State  of  Peru,  hatAf 
agree  to  unite,  Und,  and  eon* 
federate  themsehes  in:  peaee  and 
'^i^ar,  from  tins  time  forward  foi 
ever,  in  order  to  sustain  with  their 
influetioe,  'and  sea  and  land  forees^ 
te  &r  as  dreuButanoes  "wBl  allow, 
thdr  indepencbnce  of  tiie  Spanish 
nation,  and- of  all  eUicr  Ibteign 
teninion  whatever;  and  to  saonre, 
sfter  the  same  has  been  adcuow^ 


^edged,^  ifteir  mutuil  pinsj^rfty, 
Hie  bete  hartnony  and  understand- 
ing, as  well  between  thfeur*  xr^ 
eountries,  subjects,  and  citiieRS,  as 
^  other-nations  with  whom  thef 
win  have  to  enter  rations. 

2.  The  RepuUie  of  Cdombk 
and  the  State  of  Peru,  therefore, 
spontaneous  promiiie  and  eonr 
tract  a  perpetual  compact  of  in- 
timate aUiance  and  firm  and  oon* 
stant  friendidnp  f&t  their  eomihoti 
defence,  for  die  security  c^  Iheit 
indepenulence  and  liberty,  for'  thefr 
ledprocd  and  j^etal  wdAae^  and 
their  interior  tranquillity ;  bind*- 
ing  eadi  otiier  to  aiffiird  nrattud 
aid,  and  in  common  to  rep^  all 
attadb  and  inta^on  which  mily,  tft 
any  manner,  threaten  their  pi^ 
ticdi  existence. 

3.  In  cases  of  sudden  Invasion, 
bodi  partaefT  may  operate  hostileljr 
on  the  territory  of  each,  whenever 
the  dreumstances  'ef  the  moment 
do  not  dhmr  (^  a  specnd  agreement 
beiuff  made  witii  the  government 
to  whom  bdongs  tbe  sovereignty 
of  the  invad^  territory.  The 
party,  bowever,  so  opetttting,  soflBl 
obsearve,  and  cause  to  be  ohscweA, 
^e  statutes,  reguhrtiona,  and  kw^ 
of  the  respective  state,  as'te  sk 
circumstances  will  idlo*r,  and 
cause  the  government  llitteof  t^ 
be  respected  and  obeyed.  The 
expenses  which  may  be  incurred 
in  tfac»e  opefttluwu  nail  bar  adMied 
by  particular  conventions,  and  paid 
witiiin  one  year  after  the  coiMdu* 
sum  of  the  msehtwar. 

.  4.  In  orfcr  tosecore  and  per- 
petuate, in  ilie  beit  manner  passU 
Ue,  good  MenMnp  and  iftter- 
course  between  botii  Stales,'  the 
dtiaenf  of  Peru  lind  Oelembia 
shall  enjoy  the  rights  and' ^pre- 
rogatives 'iMdonging  to-citiaenf 
bominbotiilexmMeg;  tftttift* 
^,  that  CbUmihiani  sMiba-lidd 


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^)&^     A.K;NU'AL   ftUCISy^^ft,   1#23. 


m  9^  xq  be  FfVA)viffDi&  flad  ib^ 
JaUer  ut  die  jRcypul^Ucof  iCok^nbi^ 
to  be  Colambians;  without  pie^ 
judioe  to  the  extensions  or  xastcic^ 
tiopg  which  the  h^slajrive  power 
of  either  state  has  ii^ade,  (nr  may 
^liqjk  -fit  to  make,  with  respect  to 
t)&e  exerase  of  the  fii^st  muistra** 
GJ^  ^u^t  to  enter  ,\ipon  ute  en- 
jgjni^t  of  the  other  rights,  active 
s^d  ^asaive>  of  ^t^o^,  it  shall  1^ 
l^fuiSc^eiit  Ui^t  thejr  have  their 
4oQ4cile  in  the  State  .to,  which  thegr 
471^7  choose  to  l^elong. 

4».  The  subiects  a^d  dtixens  of 
ho^  States  wall  have  free  entiy 
and  departure  ,i(i  their  re»ectiye 
jiorts  aad  territories,  ana  shall 
^ere  epL}oy  all  the  dvil  righ^  and 
^livil^e^  of  tiade  and  commeroei, 
subjectmg  themselves  only  to  such 
du^^  pnposts^  BnfL  cestrictioi^  to 
whicji  ^e  ^ul^j^cts.and  9itia^i^  o( 
either  .qf  the  contracting  parties 
jxm  be  auhjeot 

D.  ,By  virtue  ther^,  the  vessels 
fiifii  teiritorial  productions  of  eac^h 
4)oe  of  the  contracting  jparties  sli^ll 
jPfiy  no  on^ire  duties  of  importation, 
^^xjgartt^iopt,  j^a^ixn^,  mi  ton- 
^n^g^  tha^  tjhoae  established,  or 
; which  J^^.l^  Jiereafter  establishr 
,^r  ferj^iti^pal  vessels  intheport^ 
5xf  eac)i  state,  according  to  the 
i^^  |BL,  forpe,:  ,th^^  is,  that  ,tfc^ 
.ve9sekandmod^cjdon  of  Colom]^ 
ishall  p^  ^cn  4ut^s  qi  entry  ,and 
«lealanci)  ia;the|«c^  Uie  state 
of  .Pern,  ^^,are  paid  by  .Peruvians; 
J^P^  the  .yfssds  and  p^uct^pus  of 
Peru,  the  .ftme  ^  O^lpmlnai]^  p. 
.tl^e  pofts  of  Colombia. 

7*  $oth  ison^tinc  ji)^^  bind 
.th^lfisely^s  po  f un^sSh  eye^.  aM  i|i 
dieir  pow^  jU>  the.ye^s^  pf  war 
9iidm^i3chi^s^c$n.4ifrivi]^g  in  the 
.ports  belonging  to  ^ther,  in  ^^ases 
.'«f:di#trefs,  or  iimuA  any  other 
tm^ve;  ^nd  ^a/p^f^mn^j,  they 
#^^^be  .^owfod  tO'hfMrerjd6wi}> 


vafit,  take  in  fnmsiqiis^ 
ifHTpftift  theirjumaiuBiitaBdcnffi, 
40  as  to  ))e  able  to  continue  ^lor 
APoyages  or  .cruises  at  the  e^fom 
xifithe. state  <>r  individuals  to  ^kon 
th^  ji^elonff. 

8.  In  omer  tOAYoadthp  ■raiwfal' 
ous  abuses  which  mty  he  sauMti 
on  the  high  bi&a  by  prigmteen, 
armed  on  aoeonnt  of  fM  iadi;ri- 
duals,  in  detriment  to  Bf^tional  and 
oeu^jeonmneco^  t^  .ooiUiikctaig 
partaes  aoree  to  extend  the  juzii- 
oiotion  cf  ^heir  maritisoa  oonrts  to 
ihe  privateers  navig»tii^  uiider 
the  flaff  of  either*  ,imd  the  prises 
thereof  indistinctly,  whenever  they 
cannot  easily  pnx^eed  to  the  pon^ 
to  which  thi^  belong  or  thm  is 
any  smgicion  of  their  jhaving  oonr 
mitted  excesses  against  the  tnde 
of  neutnd  natunui,  widi  Fhoo 
both  ataAes  paght  $0  cultivate  the 
iiest  harmony  and   good    uadq:- 


9.  The  demarcari^  pf  ,Uie  pee- 
.cise  liso^ts  which  are  to  divide  the 
•territories  <^  the  Bepublic  of 
.Colombia  #nd  the  state  of  PecOt 
.^hall  be  stipulated  by  a  fa^ticukr 
conventioiif  after  .th^s  .sext  comri- 
tuei^t  oonraess.of  Peru  shall  Jiaire 
ei)»powerM  the  execiidve  wvocn- 
.mefit  of  the  said  ^state  to  ael^  t^ 
jM^t:  a^  t?ie  diffbi^encea  whkh 
Wfj  arise  pm  this  subject  shall  be 
Q^u«ted  -by.those  conciliatory  fund 
niecific  means  which  iieconae  tfwp 
^l^temil  and  confederate  natiops- 

10.  If,  unifortunate\y,  i^tenial 
ti^apqiillity  «h^  be  lAtextHpted 
;i^  any  part  of  .the  aforeyai^^  a^to 
.)^  turbulent^  ^editiouaperefWr 
Ar  leqemies  of  those  govexam^ts 
IqgaUpr  constituted  by  thje  ,wiU  .of 
the  .inhaKtanlJ^  fipe}y»  qii$etlj> 
and  peaceably  ^xgee^^/^  bj  vir^ 
!of  the  laws,  Oboth  parties  huid 
t^^anfelves. solemnly  and  jEormally 
to   maJLO   commoavcausp  against 


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PUfrLIjO   jDOGUMBNTS.*     mflf 


Sskmi,  bsr  :nNMa%  aiitag  aadi 
edittr  by  every  measuie  in  their 
•power,  until  order  and  the  empbae 
of  the  laws  shall  have  been  ,re- 


11.  If  any  penon,  guil^  er 
accused  of  treason,  sedition,  or 
aayotber  gnevous ,  crime,  should 
fly  hasa  justice,  and  should  be 
found  in  the  territory  of  either  of 
the  afiiTiinifl  ttatflt,  he  shall  be 
delivsted  i^  and  sent  back  to  the 
diiypsal  of  the  govenunent  that 
has  taken  oogniaaTire  of  his  crime, 
-and  under  wtnoae  jurisdiction  he 
is  linble  to  be  tried,  as  soon  as  the 
o&nded  party  has  made  the  de- 
.mand  in  due  form.  Deserters 
from  the  armies  and  national  navy 
of  both  the  ooatraeting  parties  are 
also  coBBmrehended  in  this  article. 

IS.  This  treaty  or  convention  of 
union,  and  firm  and  perpetual 
fioendship,  shall  be  ratified  by  the 
government  of  the  state  «f  Peru 
within  the-  period  of  ten  days, 
without  pr^udice  to  the  ^[iroba- 
tion  whidi  it  has  still  to  leceiye 
fnm  tiie  eonstituent  ooogreas ;  and 
by  the  government  of  the  rqmbUc 
of  Colombia,  assoon  as  the  same 
shall  have  received  the  fipprobadon 
of  the  senate,  hy  virtue  of  the  law 
passed  by  congress,  on  the  13th  of 
October,  1821,;  and  in  case, 
throiigh  any  accident,  the  senate 
oamiot  meet,  the  same  shall  be 
taUfied  by  die  ensuing  congress, 
eonformably  to  the  provisions  of 
Uiis  constitution  of  the  rqrablic, 
made  in  articles  65,  section  18. 
ThenMifications  shall  be  exchanged 
without  dday,  and  wiUiin  such 
period  as  the  distance  which  se- 
liarates  dte  two  states  will  allow^ 

In  fidth  wbereof,  Ae  respective 
ptenipotentianes  have  signed  the 
present,  and  sealed  the  same  with 
the  vei^^ective  seals  of  the  states 
theyjrepsestnt. 


Done  in  the  e&ty  of  die  freemen 
of  LizW  on  the .  Qt^  vf  July,  in 
the  ^ear  of  srace,  and  the  I2di  of 
the  independence  of  Colombia,  ^nd 
the  8rd  of  that  of  Peru. 
(Signed) 

BeBNAROO    MONTBAGin>0, 

Joaquin  Mobqubba- 

Having  seen  and  examined  the 
above  treaty  of  peipetoal  union, 
eoaHtion,  and  oomedentkm,  in  an- 
ticipation of  the  consent  and 
approbation  of  the  congress  of  the 
republic,  conformable  to  article 
55,  section  18,  of  the  oonstitutioo, 
I  have  exercised  the  power  con- 
ferr^  on  me  by  artide  lt20,  in 
ratifying  the  said  treaty^;  and  by 
these  presents  I  do  ratify  and  hold 
it  to  be  valid  and  binding  in  all  ita 
articles  and  clauses,  with  the  ex* 
ception  of  the  words  ^  and  Ibr  their 
interior  tranmiOUty^  of  thowoond  . 
article;  all  that  is  expressed  in  the 
tenth  artide  ;  and  what  fidloWsof 
the  deventh  artide,  vis^— ^  If 
any  person,  guilty  or  accused  .of 
treason,  sedition  or  any  odier 
^evous  crime,  should  fiy  from  jua* 
tioe,  and  diould  be  ibond-itithe 
territory  of  either  of  tiie  aforesaid 
stales,  he  shall  be  delivered  up 
and  sent  back  to  the  dimoaal  of  die 
govemment  that  has  taken  cqgni* 
-aance  c€  his  crime,  and  under 
whose  jurisdiction  he  is  liable  to  be 
tried,  as  soon  as  die  oflfended^parfy 
has  made  the  demand  in  dneiorm." 

And  for  the  execution  and  puno* 
tual  observance  of  die  snne  on  our 
part,  I  engi^  and  solemnly  pledge 
the  national  honour. 

In  faith  whereof.  Sec 

FBANOteOO  DB  P.   SANTANmni. 

(CouBterngned)    Pbdbo  Gual. 
Bogota,  Jaly  19,  13S3. 

Fbamcisco  j>b   Paux<a  Santan* 

DBB,  &C  ^C 

Whereas,  between  the  R^uhlic,Qf 


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aw*    A N N'O A L   REG! ST Elfe   1923. 


"  CobMabia  and  the  State  of  Peru, 
tkere  was  concluded  aad  agnefl 
a  treaty,  additional  to  that  of 
perpetual  imioa,  'coalition,  and 
ooniedetation,  on  the  6dt  of 
July,  1822,  by  Plenipotentiaries 
sufficiently  authorised  on  both 
sides,  the  tenour  of  which  is 
Ut^RsUj  as  foUows : — 

In  the  name,  &c. 
The  Govenunent  ai  the  Rqmfa^ 
lie  of  Colombia  on  the  one  pait, 
and  that  of  the  Slate  of  Peru  oo 
^the  othei;^  being  animated  l^  the 
^mo$t  sincere  desire  to  tenninate 
the  (gilamities  /of  the  preamt  war 
in  which  they  hanre  been  involved 
hy  the  government  ef  ^Syam,  de- 
termined to  empli^  ful  their 
resources  and  fbroes  by  sea  and  knd 
.to  matotain  ^eir  liberty  and  indih 
nendence ;  and>  desirous  that  this 
league  may  be  genenl  among  aH 
the  states  of  America  heretofofe 
Spanish,  in  order  that,  strongly 
and  powerfully  united,  they  ma|r 
in  common  sustain  the  cause  q£ 
their  indep«idence>  which  is  the 
first  object  of  the  present  contest ; 
they  have  nominated  Plenipoten- 
tiaries to  discuss,  settle,  and  con- 
elude  a  treaty  of  union,  coalition^ 
and  confederation,  via.-^ 

[Here  follow  tlie  names  of  the 
negotiators, .  Mosquera  and  Mon- 
teagudo,  as  in  the  preceding  trea- 

Art.  1.  In  order  to  tighten  the 
bonds  which  liereaf^  are  to  unite 
both  states,  and  remove  any  diffi- 
culty that  may  arise,  or  in  any  way 
interrupt  their  good  understandii^ 
and  harmony,  an  assembly,  com- 
posed of  two  Plenipotentiaries  on 
each  port,  in  the  same  terma  and 
under  the  same  formalities  which, 
according  to  established  usage,  are 
observed  in  the  nomination  of  m^ 
nisters  of  the  same  dass  near  the 
governments  of  foragn  nations. 


Z*   mCB  paWIBl  VBft  UMBMiei 

to  interpose  Ineir  good  onksi  nn 
the  govemmeiits  of  ws  (Rht 
'states  of  Ainerun,  lieieUiiDn  ^a* 
niih,  in  otder  to  evtor  iato  tk 
present  coui|Niet  oCuaAoOy  coalite, 
and' confederalloii. 

8.  As  aoonaa  this  great  sad 
important  oibject  has  bees  attaiiBd 
a  general  assembly  of  ail  the  Arib- 
rican  States,  eomposed  of  thi  Fl»- 
nipoteodaries,  raailmeet  ^  ^ 
purpose  of  cemeoting  m  a  flac 
solid  and  fcnmal  manner  tbswiih 
timate  relations  which  ooriit  ^ 
exist  between  all  and  each  ortheB, 
and  serve  at  counsel  under  grt* 
diffienlts^  as  a  poai^  cf  eonia^ii 
common  dangers,  widasafaiMd 
interpreter  of  their  pobGc  tmtiel, 
when  difficulties  arise,  snd  astt 
arbiter  and  condliator  in  iMi  ^ 
putes  and  diflerences. 

4.  The  Isthmus  of  Ptaww, 
being  an  intend  part  cf  Colomlik 
•and  the  most  adequate  ibr  wdi^ 
important  meeting,  that  repaw 
is  gratified  by  bavins  the  of^ 
tumty  of  oiferine  to  3ie  Pki?^ 
tentiaries  who  shall  compear  t» 
assembly  oC  the  American  S*JJJ 
all  the  aid  which  hospitality  bfr 
tween  fraternal  natitos,  siJ^  *J 
sacred  and  inviolable  chsiactera 
their  pmons,  demand. 

5.  The  State  of  Pferu  «»*'^ 
the  same  obligatkm,  '^  ^  ^ 
eventsof  war,  or  by  Ae  cwnort  » 
the  majority  of  the  AmowJ 
States,  Ae  said  assanWy  «wJJ 
take  place  on  its  territory  in  ^ 
same  terms  as  promised  by  ^J^ 
public  of  Columbia  in  the  p^*"" 
ing  article.  , 

6.  The  present  coffll»ct. " 
union,  bono,  and  confefa'^J^ 
shall  not  in  any  way  intcmip^"'^ 
exerdse  of  the  national  a'^*^ 
tyofeadioneof  the  ^'^J^ 
parties,  either  as  regaidf  their  W^ 


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PUB.LtC   DOGUMENTS.      '2^6^ 


( sad  fann  of 
tkeir  leBpeetiye  govermnente,  of 
Aar  velatidBS  with  other  foreign 
iBflitioiif*    They^  however^  ezpranh 
I7  dnd  izMMicllhly  bliii  theioidvu 
not  to  yi^  lb  the^  denuQ^  of 
indemxiitieSy  trihiit^  or  exactiOBi> 
jriiieh  the  gOTenunent  of  Spain 
.my  aaek  to  Prtahliih  for  the  kjg  of 
her  did  supremacy  over  these  eoun- 
tries,  or  any  other  nalifiii  in  her 
.name,  flnd  representing  ha,  and 
-sot  toei^erinto  any  treaty  with 
^pain,  or, any  other  nation,  to  Ae 
detriment  and  injury  of  l^e  pre- 
sent independfisiciby  snstainhie,  on 
«U  occasions,   and  in  all  places, 
Atir  xespeetrre  interests  with  the 


dignity  and  energy  of  free,  inde- 
pradent,  friendly,  alHed,  and  con- 
federated nations. 

7*  TheRepubHcof  Colombiaspe- 
eiaOy  stipnB^es  to  maintain  on'fdot, 
4,000  "men  ^  armed  imd  'equip- 
ped for  the  purpose  of  concur- 
ring in  the  oljects  indicated  in  the 
preceding  articles.  Its  national 
marine  will  always  be  disposable 
fer  the  eoteentiott  of  these  stipula- 
tioas.. 

8/  Thfe  States  of  Peru  will  con- 
tribote,  on  its  part,  with  its  mari« 
timer  force,  and  a  number  of  troops 
equal  to  that  frirnished  by  the  te- 
fnbUc  of  Columbia, 

(Signed  as  before.^ 


I0  . 


Vol-  LXV. 


O* 


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2l0f.    A  K  N  U  AvL   R  £<;»  1 S  T  B  ft;  l«fi3. 


HISTORY  AND  BIOf^RAPHY. 


Biographical  Memoir  qfPopc  Pius  V II. 


rVlHE  ori^nal  name  of  Pope 
'X  Pius  Vll.  was  Barnabas 
ChiaramontL  He  was  bom  at  Ce- 
aen%  in  Romagna^  on  tbe  i4th  of 
Aug.  1740  (not  17^  as  incorrect* 
ly  stated  in  the  almanacks).  In 
April  1785  he  was  elected  a  Car- 
dinah 

This  venerable  personage  was 
bishop  of  Imola  in  1796#  whe^ 
Buonaparte  entered  that  town 
with  his  army.  The  reception 
which  the  French  experienced  from 
the  prelate  was  so  charitable  and 
mild  as  to  secure  to  the  latter  the 
favour  of  the  Republican  General, 
whose  influence  was  supposed  to 
have  been  afterwards  emmoyed  in 
wxnoting  him  to  the  ropedom. 
Pius  VI.  died  in  captivity  at  Va- 
lence in  1798^  &t  the  advanced  ase 
'  of  82 ;  but  it  was  not  till  Mardi 
1800,  that  it  was  found  possible  to 
proceed  to  the  election  of  his  sue- 
oetior,  wheal  Cardinal  Chiaramonti 
being  chosen  on  the  14th,  and  his 
enthronisadon  taking  place  on  tibe 
Slst,  be  assumed  the  name  of  Pius 
VII.  He  did  not  take  possession 
of  Rome'  itself  till  November  1 801, 
when  a  medal  was  struck  there, 
with  the  inscription,  Scl  rtfulgd. 
His  occupation  of,  the  throne  was 
marked  %  an  act  of  liberality,  in 
remitting  to  the  distressed  inhabit 
tants  of  Pesarotheii:  taxes*    In  the 


years  1800  and  1801  he  caused 
no  less  than  ten  vacandes  in  the 
CoU^^e  of  Cardinak  to  be  fille4 
up ;  among  the  new  cardinals  waa 
his  private  secretarv,  Hercules 
Gon^vi,  whom  he  also  nppainfteA 
Secretary  of  i^tate.  In  FdiruaiT 
1802,  he  received  at  BomewiUi 
great  pomp  the  body  of  his  vene- 
rable predecessor,  which  Buona- 
parte, wishine  to  ocmciliRte  tlift 
good  opinion  of  the  Catholic^  caus« 
ed  to  be  transported  thither.  Ste|MW 
indeed,  had  already  been  taken  oj 
the  First  Consul  to  reconcile  France 
to  the  church  of  Rome,  and  with 
this  view  a  concordat  was  signed 
on  the  25th  of  Julv,  1801,  vai 
Puis  VII.,  in  September  foUowini^ 
sent  cardinal  Caprara  as  his  Legate 
d  Latere  to  Pans  ;  together  with 
the  bull  of  ratification  of  the  con- 
cordat. A  new  circumscription  of 
dioceses  was  agreed  upon,  and  the 
Legate  was  authorised  to  institute 
the  new  Archbishops  and  Bishops. 
When  Buonaparte  assumed,  tne 
Impeijal  dtle,  he  persuaded  Pius 
VII.  to  come  to  raris  to  crowa 
him.  The  latter  delivered  an  al- 
locution on  this  subject  on  the29ti^ 
of  October,  1804;  left  Rome  cm 
the  2nd  of  November,  and  reached 
Fontainbleau,  where  Buonaparte 
received  him  in  great  state,  on  the 
25th  of  that  month.    On  the  2nd 


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HISTORlr  AND  BIOGRAPHY.      211* 


of  December  the  Conmafcion  look 
place,  and  from  tUs  time  Buona- 
parte, having  obtained  all  that  he 
wanted  of  the  Pope>  bc^pui  to  pv&- 
pare-^^r  depriving  him  of  all  his 
power.  **  At  ohe  time/'  says  he 
to  Mr.  CKMeara,  "  I  had  in  conf 
templation  to  take  awaj  all  hia 
temporal  power,  and  make  km  mif 
Almoner r  In  the  third  volume  of 
Las  Casas'  Journal,  Buonaparte  la 
described  as  speaking  in  most  con« 
temptuous  tenns  of  die  discussioiis 
which  took  place  on  the  part  of  the 
Pcmie  with  him  at  this  period. 
;  On  the  l6dx  of  May,  1805,  the 
Feme  reached  Rome  on  his  return, 
and  was  recdved  with  great  joy 
by  his  subjects.  In  the  course  m 
1807,  Buonaparte  havinff  made 
many  demands  on  Pius  VII.  with 
8  dueat  of  occupying  his  capital 
on  noa-ooxnmiance,  the  latter  on' 
the  £n4of  February,  1808,  pub- 
fished  a  solemn  protest  against 
^uch  occupation.  This  was  an- 
swered, on  the  2nd  of  April  foUow- 
ing>  by  a  decree,  iii  which  Buona- 
parte said,  "amddering  thai  the 
IPope  had  coiutatdfy  refused  io 
make  war  on  the  EngUsh,  the  pro- 
vinces of  Ancona,  Urbino,  ani 
Maoetata  should  be  annexed  to  the 
kingdom  of  Italy."  His  holiness 
sent  a  deputation  to  pray  that  the 
xiffour  of  thifi  decree  might  be 
sonened,  but  Buonaparte  replied  to 
them, — "  Your  bishop  is  the  spiri- 
tual chief  of  the  church,  but  I  am 
itsetafexorf  mid  on  the  17th  of 
MajK,  1809,  he  issued:  a  decree,  an- 
nexh^  the  Po^ifieal  States  to  the 
French  £mpire.  Pius  VII.  opposed 
to  aU  these  violences  nothing  bui 
Christian  humility,  combinea  with 
the  most  unbending  firmness.  He 
never  would  anathematize  the 
Enfflish  nation — ^he  never  would 
make  war  on  them — ^he  never 
would  declare  that  they  were  the 


of  the  church.  Buona- 
parte caused  him  to  be  seized  by 
night,  and  dragged^  at  nearly  70 
3rear8  of  age,  from  Rome  to  Fon« 
ttdnUeau,  where  he  was  kept  as  a 
State  prisoner  until  the  downfall  of 
the  tyrant  in  1814,  when  he  was 
immediately  restored  to  his  domin 
oions^  proceeded  to  revisit  them 
without  delay,  and  once  more  re^ 
entered  Rome,  in  the  midst  of  a 
population  enthusiastically  delig^tr 
ed  at  his  restoration*  He  imme? 
diatelv  employed  himself  in  re-or- 
ganizmg  all  the  publk  institutions, 
and  has  ever  rince  devoted  himself 
unoeasinely  to  the  affairs  of  thef 
churdi,  leaving  the  direction  of 
dvil  and  temporal  affiiirs  almost, 
wholly  to  his  minister,  cardinal 
(}onsalvi. 

Pius  VII.  was  mild  and  amiable  ; 
he  abounded  in  real  Christian  cha* 
rity;.and,  though  so  long  ftulqect* 
ed  to  the  most  unjust  jpersecutums, 
never  evinced  the  least  symptom  of 
a  vindictive  spirit  towards  his 
enemies;  whilst  to  his  friends  or 
benefactors,  and  particularfy  to  the 
EngUeh  Nation  and  Government, 
he  always  testified  the  warmest 
gratitude* 

He  was  indeed  greatly  attached 
to  the  English^  towards  whom,  on 
every  piresentation  at  his  court,  he . 
inanifested  kindneas.  The  Fojx 
would  never  permit  an  £ngli5&- 
man,  when  he  was  present^  to 
him,  to  indulge  in  the  well-known 
ceremony  of  kissing  the  great  toe. 
This  old  relic  of  Popish  supersti- 
tidn  was,  on  these  occasions,  0A^-* 
verted  by  the  good  old  man  intb  b 
cordial  and  afiectionate  embrace.   ^ 

He  died  at  Rome,  on  the  20th 
of  August,  after-  a  most  eventful 
life  of^8S  years  and  6  days,  of 
which  he  had  governed  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church  fiar  die  long  neriod 
of  2S  years,  5  months,  and  odays. 

O*  2 


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212*    ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1823. 


fiiooBA^HiCAXf  Mbhoib  of  Lord  Erskinx. 


-  Thomas  Ehskinb  was  the  third 
and  youngest  son  of  Henry  David 
Erslone,  tenth  earl  of  Buchan^  in 
Scotland^  the  representative  of  a 
family,  which  filled  in  the  ancient 
limes  of  the  Scottish  mcmarchy, 
the  highest  situations  of  public 
trust,  as  privy  councillors  and  am^ 
hassadors,  as  guardians  during  mi« 
Bority,  and  as  lord  high  treasurers, 
and  regents  of  the  kingdom  of 
Scotland.  He  was  bom  about 
1750,  and  educated  partly  at  the 
hi^  school,  Edinbui^h,  and  partly 
at  the  university  of  St.  Andrew's. 
At  the  age  of  14  Mr.  Thomas 
Jp)rskine  embarked  at  Leith,  on 
board  a  king's  ship,  as  midshipman^ 
with  the  late  sir  John  linds^,  the 
nephew  of  the  furst  earl  of  Mans- 
field; it  is  a  singular  circum- 
stance, that  he  never  re-visited 
his  native  country  until  a  few  years 
ago. 

He  never,  it  is  believed,  had  the 
commission  of  lieutenant,  but  acted 
for  some  time  in  that  capacity  by 
the  appointment  of  his  obtain. 
His  reason  for  quitting  the  navy 
is  said  to  have  been  the  slender 
diance  of  obtaining  promotion  > 
.and  as  he  had  only  served  as  aa 
acting  lieutenant  in  consequence  ci 
the  friendship  of  his  commander, 
he  was  unwilline,  after  having 
been  honoured  with  such  a  dis- 
tinction, to  return  to  sea  in  the  in- 
ferior capacity  of  midshipman. 
.  On  quitting  the  naval  service  he 
entered  the  army  as  an  ensign  in 
the  royals,  or  first  regiment  o£ 
foot.  This  was  in  the  year  1768, 
aod  happened  not  so  much  from 
inclination,  it  is  said,  as  because 
his  father,  with  a  small  and  strictly 
-entailed  estate,  had  not  the  means 
of  assbting'lum,  with  convenience,. 


to  pursue  one  of  the  learned  |no' 
fbssions.  He  went  with  his  re^ 
ment  to  Minorca,  in  which  island 
he  spent  three  years,  and  oontz-' 
nued  in  the  service  about  six. 

During  the  period  Mr.  Erskme 
served  in  the  army,  he  acquired 
considerable  reputation  for  the 
acuteness  aiid  versatility  of  hb  ta^ 
knts  in  converaation.  Mr.  Bos- 
well,  who  met  him  about  this  time 
in  a  mixed  company  in  London, 
mentions,  in  his  Memmrs  of  Dr. 
Johnson,  the  ,  delight  which  the 
doctor  had  himself  fe^t  fran  the 
ability  of  a  gentleman,  who  was 
no  oUier  than  the  sulgeet  of  this 
memoir,  while  discourang  oo 
some  temporary  topic  which,  at 
that  time,  happened  to  be  an  in- 
teresting question  of  dispute  in  the 
circles  of  the  metropolis. 

Whether  the  consciousness  of 
these  powers,  or  the  suggestions  of 
his  fnends,  9r  the  embarrassments 
of  a  scanty  income  first  invited 
him  to  Ikuu^e  prepazations  &r  the 
study  of  the  law,  it  is  of  no  impor- 
tance to  inquire. 

It  has,  however,  been  said,  that 
Mr.  Erskine  had  no  merit  what* 
ever  in  embarking  in  so  new  and 
arduous  a  pursuit ;  but  that  it  was 
Ikerally  and  mo«t  uttwUlini^y 
forced  upon  him  hy  the  importuni- 
ties of  Ins  mother,  the  countess  of 
Buchan,  after  the  death  of  bis  fSi- 
ther:  and  that  the  hopes  of  suc- 
ceeding in  it  were  fordfied  and 
kept  uive,  agionst  Us  own  pie- 
possessioDS,  by  her  counsel  and 
persuasions. 

Mr.  Erdune  was  about  twenty- 
six  when  he  commenced  his  coutbc 
of  legal  study.  He  entered  as  a 
fellow-commoner  of  Trinity  Col- 
lege, Cambridge,  in  the  year  1777; 


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HISTORY  AND  BlOGRAPHt.       213» 


ihd,  at  the  same  time,  inserted  his 
name  as  a  student  on  the  books  of 
Lincoln's-inn.     One  of  his  college 
declamations  is  still  extant,  as  i| 
was  delivered  in  Trinity  college 
diapeL  The  thens  was,  the  Revo- 
lution  of  1688.     It   gained   the 
first  prise,  and  was  an  earnest  of 
his  future  eminence. 
■    Mr.  Erskine  did  not  enter  the 
University  for  any  acadonical  pur- 
pose, except  merely  to  obttdn    a 
degree,  to  which  he  was  entitled 
as  the  son  of  a  nobleman,  and  by 
which  he  saved  two  years  in  his 
passage  to  the  bar.    His  education 
nad  been  previously  completed  in 
Scotland.     His  father,  one  of  the 
most  a^com^dished  men  of  his  time, 
had  uniformly  felt  an  extraordi- 
nary sc^idtudc  as  to  the  education 
of  his  children,  and  actually  re- 
moved from  his  family  estate  in 
Scotland  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
siding at  St.  Andrew's,  where  he 
continued   for  many  years.     Mr. 
£rsldne  always  pursued  the  study 
of  the  'Bdles  Lettres  with  unre- 
mitting ardour,  and  had  the  ad-^ 
vantage  of  imbibing  from  the  most 
^inent  persons  of  the  day  that 
various  and  extended  knowledge 
which  can  never  be  derived  from 
books  or  solitary  application.     In 
order  to  acquire  a  necessary  idea 
to  the  uractical  parts  of  lus  future 
profession,  he  entered,  as  a  ptipil, 
into  the  office  of  Mr.  BuUer,  then 
an  eminent  special  pleader  at  the 
bar. 

\Durinff  this  period  of  his  fife, 
Mr.  Etsnne  experienced  all  the 
difficulties  arising  out  of  a  very 
limited  income.  He  had  been 
already  married  about  four  years, 
and  was  obHged  to  adhere  to  a 
most  rigid  frugality. 

Tlie  nart  sustained  by  the  late 
M][8.    Erddne,  before  the  cloud 


that  overhung  their  first  entrance 
into  Kfe  dissipated,  is  highly  ho- 
nourable to  her  feelings ;  she  ac- 
companied her  husband  to  Minor- 
ca, followed  his  fortunes  with  the 
Inost  cheeitul  constancy,  and  while 
he  was  engaged  in  the  pursuits  of 
k  most  laborious  profession,  never 
suffered  any  pleasure  or  amuse- 
ment to  interrupt  her  in  the  assi- 
duous discharge  of  her  domestic 
duties. 

While  he  remained  in  the  office 
of  Mr.  Buller,  lie  pursued  the  bu- 
siness of  the  desk  with  unremitting 
activity  and  ardour ;  and,  on  that 
gentleman's  promotion,  he  went 
into  the  office  of  Mr.  Wood,  where 
he  continued  a  year  aftey  he  had 
been  in  coimderal^e  husiness  at 
the  bar. 

Mr.  Ersldne  had  now  completed 
the  probationary  period  allotted  to 
the  attendance  in  the  Inns  of 
Court ;  and  he  was  called  to  the 
Bar  in  Trinity  Term,  1778.  He 
is  a  singular  exception  to  the  tardy 
advancement  of  professional  merit 
kt  the  English  l»r.  An  opportu- 
nity was  almost  immediately  af- 
forded him  of  distinguishing  him- 
self in  Westminster  Hall.  Capt. 
BailHe,  who  had  been  removed 
from  the  superintendence  of  Ghreen- 
Wich  Hospital  by  the  late  earl  of' 
Sandwich,  then  First  Lord  of  the 
Admiralty,  and  one  of  the  gover- 
nors of  Greenwich  Hospital,  was 
charged  with  having  published  a 
Ubel  on  that  nobleitian,  and  the 
Attorney  General  was  instructed 
to  mbve  for  leave  to  file  a  criininal 
information  against  him ;  this  was 
the  occasion  ot  Mr.  Erskine's  first 
speech  in  Court.  In  opposing  the 
motion  of  Mr.  Attowiey  General, 
an  opportunity  presented  itself  of 
entering  into  the  merits  of  the 
case  in  behalf  of  captain  Baillie, 


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214*    AKN^AL   REGISTER,  1823. 


Bd  acQOrdioglf  expatiated  upon 
tlie  gervioes  which  had  been  naa^ 
dered  by  his  client^  and  on  the 
finnnesB  with  which  he  resisted  the 
intrigue  and  artifice  to  ^irfiich  he 
attributed  the  prosecution  set  on 
foot  against  him. 

In  the  course  of  this  speech*  he 
fiao  attacked  the  noUe  earl  in  i^ 
tone  of  sarcastic  and  indignant  in- 
yective.  Lord  Mansfield  interrupt* 
ed  him  more  than  once ;  but  the 
advocate  did  not  abate  thesefeiity 
of  his  ammadversikms-  It  was  at 
that  time  no  common  qpectade  to 
observe  a  man  so  little  known  to 
the  jCourt  and  the  Bar^  comment- 
ing with  asperity  <rf  remark  on  the 
conduct  of  a  powerful  statesman^ 
who  held  an  elevated  |po8t  in  the 
administration^  and  distinguishing 
himself  by  a  species  of  confidence 
not  usually  felt  in  early  efforts  of 
public  speaking,  under  drcuni* 
stances  that  rendered  it  prudent  to 
abstain  from  personal  severity,  and 
eondliate  the  Bench  he  was  ad« 


This  was  the  first  trial  of  bis 
talents  at  the  bar>  having  been 
called  only  in  Trinity  Term,  and 
having  heen  employed  foi*  captain 
Baillie  in  the  Michaelmas  Term 
following*  He  is  said  to  have 
been  in£bted  for  this  opportunity 
to  no  interference,  recommenda- 
tion«  or  connexion.  His  acquaint* 
ance  with  captain  Baillie  originated 
in  his  having  accidentally  met  him 
at  the  table  of  a  common  friend. 
Almost  immediately  afrer,  Mr. 
Erskine  appeared  at  die  bar  of 
the  House  of  Commons  as  counsel 
fiir  Mr.  Caman,  the  bodoMlLer, 
against  a  Inll  introduced  by  kid 
North,  then  prime  minister,  to 
re^vest  in  the  Universities,  the 
monqx)ly  in  Abumacks,  which. 
Mr.    Carnan   had   aucoeeded    in 


aboUshtngbyWji] 
he  had  the  good  fortupe  to  i 
the  noUe  lord  in  a  eonsidKaUe 
Biiiiority  upon  a  division. 

To  the  xeputsdon  wludi  theM 
q^eedies  conferred  upon  liim^it  has 
been  said  that  he  attriboted  tin 
subsequent  success  he  cjperifnsiJI 
in  his  prefession ;  aiidtlttt»«thB 
left  the  ocmrt  upon  one  of  tlKSS 
occasions,  neaiiy  thirty  briefii  wen 
offered  to  lum  by  the  attorneys  ^rio 
happened  to  be  present.  He  was 
surrounded  by  dieiits^  and  oecn* 
pied  by  business. 

The  public  feeGngs  were  alto« 
gether  occupied  by  the  inti.  icstiag 
trial  of  admiral  KeppeL  Mr. 
Erskine  was  retained  as  oousri 
for  the  admiral— «  tiimnwlMnil 
owing  to  the  imoranee  whieh  tbs 
counsdl  {Mr.  DmaaDs  and  Mr. 
Lee^  who  were  originally  nigsgsii 
displayed  relalive  tothesea*]duMefi^ 
without  some  knoirtedge  of  winch 
the  case  was,  in  a  great  nw— itfj 
unintdligiUe.  The  firmer,  aftefw 
wards  erestad  lovd  AshbivtoB«  re- 
commended  Mr.  Erddne  aa  oob* 
jdetdy  qualified  for  tlie  taat^  in 
oonsequenoe  of  the  manner  in 
which  he  had  passed  the  :£inBer 
part  of  hislife^ 

Having  drawn  up  his  defieaoe^ 
be  personally  exannned  all  te 
admirals  and  captains  of  iSbc 
fleet,  and  satisfied  himself  thathe 
eould  substantiate  the 
of  his  cKdnt,  befiwe  the 


which  he  had  written  £6r  him  was 
read.  For  his  exertiona  on  tins 
memorable  occasion,  Mr.  EaUae 
received  a  thousand  guineas. 

He  was  now  in  posseoBOn  of  the 
best  second  bnsiness  in  tlie  Kimg^ 
Bench*  By  ^  j^uase  seeond  » 
siness,  is  meant  that  aart  of  bnsi* 
ness  in  which  the  lead  ia  sot  given 
to.  the  Gounseji  wb(>  ua  sot  7^ 


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HlSfORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY.       415^ 


tefviBi  at  &e  ^gnity  of  a  rili: 
'gown,  and  of  a  seat  withm  the 
*bfir  dp  the  oourt ;  but  a&  event 
took  place  which  called  his  talents 
wtD  activitf  on  a  most  memorable 
eecasidn ;  we  alhide  to  the  ixots 
which  disgraced  the  City  of  Loa- 
lAon  in  the  year  1780.  Everyone 
"knows  the  univenal  consternation, 
which  at  that  time  agitated  the 
kingdom;  wheh  the  secmity  of 
the  nation  was  threatened  in  the 
destruction  of  die  Captal.  After 
the  suppreiaiDn  of  these  tumults, 
the  vigilance  of  the  magistracy 
was  ecerdsed  in  directing  the  in* 
Bohed  justice  of  l3ie  country  against 
the  actors  in  that  dreadful  conihu- 
pationr>  The  part  attributed  to 
bird  George  G<»dDn  in  these  out- 
rages is  wd  known. 
*  Mr.  En&ine  was  retained  as 
counsel  for  his  Lordship,  in  coUp- 
Jnncdon  wit^  Mr.  Kenyon,  after- 
wards Chief  Jostioe  of  the  King^s* 
bench.    The   duty  which    more 

'  immedifltely  devolved  on  the  for- 

*  mer,  was  that  of  replying  to  the 
evidence ;  a  duty  which  he  sus- 
tained with  inflnne  judgment  and 

'  spirit.  His  i^eech  on  this  trial 
sbounds  with  many  of  the  most 
finished  eraoes  of  rhetoric.  It  is 
rapid  ana  impetuous ;  and  altoge- 
ther in  that  style  and  diaracter 
whidi  are  most  inmressive  in  judi- 
eisl  assemblies.  The  exordium  ii 
after  the  artificial  method  of  the  an- 

'eients,  who  never  b^^  an  oration 
without  an  i^ipeal  to  the  tribunal 
tliey  are  addretting,  upon  the  em- 
barmssments  and  pezil  of  the  func- 
tion they  have  undertaken.  '*  I 
ttaoA,*"  said  Mr.  Erddne,  '^  much 
more  m  need  of  compassion  than 
lihe  noble  prisoner.  He  rests  se- 
cure in  oonsdous  innocence,  and 
in  the  assurance  that  his  innocence 
will  suffer  no  danger  in  your  hands. 
But  I  appear  beKnre  you  a  young 


maA  inexperienced  advocate;  UtAk 
conversant  with  courts  of  Crimi- 
nal Jusdce,  and  nnking  under  tlip 
dreadful  consdousness  of  that  itf- 
exp^ienoe.' 

xheie  is  periiaps  no  dqiartment 
of  his  profession,  in  which  Mr. 
Erddne  reached  higher  excellence 
than  in  commenting  upon  evi- 
dence; and  the  defence  of  hud 
George  Gordon  required  the  exer« 
cise  of  these  powers  to  their 
amplest  extent.  Having  delivered 
to  the  jiuy,  the  doctrine  of  hl|^ 
treason,  as  it  had  been  establiJmei) 
by  the  act  of  the  25th  of  Edward 
the  third,  and  as  it  was  expound- 
ed by  the  best  authorities,  he  made 
a  most  dextrous  application  of 
those  roles  to  the  evidence  whidi 
had  been  adduced*  They  who 
study  this  speech  will  observe, 
with  admiration,  the  subtletiea 
with  which  he  abates  the  force  of 
the  testimony  he  is  ^countering, 
and  the  artftil  eloquence  vmk 
which  he  exposes  its  defecti^  and 
its  contradictions.  *'  I  say,  Ay 
God,  that  man  is  a  ruffian,  who  on 
such  evidence  as  this,  seeks  to  es- 
tablish a  conclusion  of  guUt  I"  was 
his  exclamation,  as  he  was  finish- 
ing this  topic  of  his  defence.  An 
impassioned  modeof  address,  which, 
altliough  it  may  find  some  fl^logy 
in  the  perpetual  example  of  Cicero, 
is  not  altogj^ther  suited  to  the  so- 
berness of  English  eloauence.  Of 
diis  flpeech,  Uie  ooncuuding  sen- 
tence is  truly  pathetic  Wescarcdy 
hesitate  to  pronounce  it  to  be  the 
best  efibrt  of  Mr.  Eirskine's  taknts; 
it  does  not,  indeed,  display  the 
minute  beauties  of  cultivated  dic- 
tion, nor  those  grave  remarks  of 
moral  wisdom  with  whidi  his 
latter  speeches,  in  inutation  of 
Mr.  Burke,  are  pr^nant;  but, 
considered  in  reference .  to  the  oc- 
casion on  which  it  was  ddiveredf 


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am     ANNUAL   RBQISTBR;  lfi23. 


itis  a.mOfit  astoniihing  cffijrC  of 

vigprqvLS  and  polished  intellect. 

In  the.monthof  May,  1783,  Mi;, 
Erskine  received  the  honour  of  a 
oik  gown.  His  Majesty's  patent 
of  precedence  being  conferred  upon 
him,  ,as  has  been  said,  on  the  sii^* 
eestion  of  the  venerable  lord  Mana- 
neld.  His  professioz^  labours 
were  now  considerably  augmented, 
and  he  succeeded  to  that  plac^ 
which  had  been  so  long  ocpupie4 
by  Mr.  Dunning,  afterwards  lord 
Ashburton. 

It  would  be  impossible,  within 
the  space  allotted  to  this  article,  to 
give  an  account  of  the  causes 
pleaded  by  Mr.  Erskine.  It  has 
been  said,  that  he  who  looks  for  a 
|Krfect  model  of  the  style  of  Mr. 
£r^dne,  must  examine  his  speech 
on  the  trial  oi  Stocl^dale.  When 
the  charges  against  Mr.  Hastings 
were  publish^  by  the  House  of 
Commons,  a  Mr.  Loffan,  a  clergy^ 
man  of  the  church  orScot]^md,  and 
a  fnend  of  the  governor  ffeneral^ 
wrote  a  tract,  in  whic^  those 
charges  were  investigated  with 
some  acrimony,  but  wiui  consider- 
able .i^^^mmth  and  vigour;  so  that 
the  pamphlet  being  considered  as 
libellous  by  a  resolution  of  the 
House,  a  criminal  information  was 
filed  by  the  attomey-seneral  against 
Stockdale,  the  pubhsher.  In  the 
course  of  his  defence,  Mr.  Erskine 
urged  many  collateral  topics  in 
favour  of  ^i^.  Hastings,  in  a  style 
of  fervid  and  ornamental  elo- 
quence. 

M'r.  Erskine,  for  a  few  years, 
travelled  the  home  circuit,  but  his 
rapidly  increasing  eminence  soon 
withdrew*  him  from  that  sphere. 
This  was  owing  to  the  numerous 
special  retainers  which  poured  in 
on  him  from  all  parts.  These 
were  endorsed,  each  with  a  fee  of 
300  guineas,  and  during  his  pro<; 


fwnmoMJ  mner  Mr,  £•  lud^  miA 

averagf^  not  less  than  %  doxea  ina 
year.  ,On  these  oocasicms  Mr.  £. 
nefver  failed  to  earn  menlodoiiily 
the  laroe  remunerataon  which  was 
paid  to  nim.  His  vanity  and  m^ 
biti<m  Qooduced  to  this  effect,  m 
well  as  his  sense  of  duty.  It  «ar 
neoessajcy  that  his  oxertioiis  t^*^'^ 
correspcmd  with  the  hi^  expecta- 
tions formed  in  each  instapoe  c£ 
a  special  counael,  and  that  oounid^ 
Mr.  Erskine.  Accordingly  he  not 
only  made  himself  a  perfect,  mas* 
ter  of  hisclient'scase,buthehrou^ 
to  his  service  the  fbll  measure  al 
his  sealous  f eeHng,  and  the  pei^Kt 
exercise  of  his  orilliant  talentk« 
He  condescended  even  to  hate 
recourse  to  little  artififi«^  pankn- 
able  in  themselves,  to  lud  the 
illutton.  He.  examined  tlie.oQait 
the  night  before  the  trial,  in  codv 
der  to  select  the  most  advantageous 
place  for  addressing  the  juiy,  and 
when  the  cause  was  called  on»  the 
court  and  aadienoe  were  uMally 
kept  waiting  in  anxious  auapense 
a  few  minutes  before  the  celefaraled 
stranger  made  his  i^g^earanee,  aad 
when  at  length  he  gratified  iheir 
impatience,  a  particubdly  neat  wig, 
and  a  pair  of  new  gloves  distin- 
guished and  embellished  his  pecsoo 
beyond  the  more  ordinary  coatume 
of  t^  barristers  of  the  circuit  On 
these  occasions,  whether  it.  was 
owing  to  the  superior  abilitiefl^  ot. 
the  better  fortune  of  Mr.  Erafcinet 
is  perhaps  doubt^  (but  in.maa]t 
instances  certainly  the  former  was 
the  prevailing  cause  of  the  event)^ 
he.  was  almost  uniformly  aia- 
cessfuL 

Mr.  Erskine's  eloquoioa  was 
altogether  different  from  any  thing, 
that  had  been  witnessed  befone  h^ 
timeji  ^^^  assuredly  he  has  leCk  no 
competitor  behind  hinv  He  could 
not  display  th^  peculiar  eqcjrgy  (^ 


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HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY.      217*^ 


kWi  isvigofttted'as'il  Wai  by'a 
Latii^Md  phraseology,  and  a  pro- 
nunciatioii  sH^tly  tmctured  wkh 
i^nortbten  bur:  he  had  not  tfa» 
Ooane'  huaioiir  of  Mings^;  the 
Unaiieatanjg^  :pertinadt7  «  GiUw; 
or  the  inttrtogstive  ast^teneasof 
Gmnow,  but  he  poneased  an  opu*- 
lenae  of  imaginatioii,  a  fertility  of 
faacffSk  fomctui  oommanHing at 
the  inatmt  all  the  lesearoes  of  his 
mad,  and  a  dexterity  in  applying 
them,  which  die  whole  united  bar 
of  En^and  could  not  equaL  He 
was  successful  with  nearly  the 
same  degvee  of  exceUence  on  all 
subjeotSy  in  dry  legal  atgumenta- 
tioa  and  in  Nisi  Prius  pqHilar 
orations  ;  and  when  before  a  jury. 
Lis  ment  shone  no  less  in  jdain 
mattev-of-fact  business,  in  commer^ 
-cudand  navigatiiHi  causes  at  GuikU 
liall,  than  on  occasioas  when  it 
was  necessavy  to  make  appeals  to 
the  papsions,  when  adultery,  se- 
,ductMin>  or  insanity,  formed  the 
^nUijeet  of  dsDmages,  or  the  matter 
jaii  inmiry.  The  latter  unques- 
.tilonablyooDStitutedthemeve  shewy 
Mod  in^osipiig  evhibitioosof  talent^ 
jBLod  in  these  the  palm  of  unrivalled 
^exoelleaoe  was  awarded  to  him; 
Imt  Mr*  Ersldae's  judgment,  in  the 
iaonduct  «f  a  cause,  was  at  least 
equal  to  his  other  merits,  and  <m 
common  occasions  those  who  were 
JWBodated  widi  him  in  holding 
Inriefs  had  no  less  reason  0  admire 
his  ^prudence  in  what  he  did  not 
ai^,  as  tbe  bye-standers  had  to 
eatol  his  ingenuity  in  what  he 
did.  To  these  more  intelkctual 
^qualifications,  Mr*  £.  added  the 
not  less  useful  advantages  of  per* 
poo,  countenance,  and  voice.  His 
features  were  ^)Qd,  and  capable 
of  infinite  variety  of  exp^ression; 
the  whole  animated  and  ii^ligent 
atall  times,  and  occasionally  lighted 
up  aod  boBBHag  with  asweetsess' 


fiUdli  vh  sever  saw  in  equal  uer^ 
fection  in  any  other  human  face. 
His  manner  set  off  the  whc^ 
The  dear  melodious  tones  of  his 
WMoe  were  nicely,  and  almost 
scientifically,  modulated  to  the 
subject  in  hand,  and  accompanied 
by  action  most  inimitably  grace&l ; 
such  as  those  who  have  not  seen 
it,  can  form  no  notion  of  it  from  the 
stiff  attitudes  and  boisterous  ges^ 
tutes  of  the  degenerate  performed 
of  the  present  day.  It  idiould  not 
be  forgotten  that  his  demeanour 
was  imiformly  re^iectful  to  the 
bench,  and  kind  and  courteous  to 
hsB  brediren  at  the  bar.  During 
his  twenty-eight -years  practioe,  he 
was  never  kiwwn,  but  on  one  oo> 
casion,  to  say  a  rude  or  harsh  word 
to  any  gentleman  opposed  to  hiin 
in  a  cause,  and  on  tlmt  single  oc- 
casion he  made  amjde  amtods  by 
a  vcduntary  and  instantaneous 
apdogy .  In  truth  he  was  as  much 
beloved  in  Westminster  Hall,  as 
he  was  admired  in  the  ^orid,  the 
^t  in  popularity  at  home,  as  the 
foremost  in  fame  abroad. 

In  176S  Mr.  Erskine  was  dected 
a  miember  of  Parliament  for  Ports- 
mouth, but  his  success  in  the 
House  of  Commons  was  not  com- 
mensurate with  the  splendor  of 
his  professional  reputation.  He 
was  overpowered  by  the  oommand-i* 
ing  tones,  die  sarcastic  inventive; 
and  the  cutting  irony  of  Mr.  Pitt: 
In  politics  a  fmlower  of  Mr.  Fox; 
and  a  disi^e'of  the  Whig  school, 
he  naturally  became  what  is  caUed 
a  cohstitutKmal  lawyer,  a  distinc- 
tion diei^ly  gained,  and  not  a 
legitimate  obj^t  of  Mr.  E's.  am- 
bition. Hence  his  exertions  in  the 
dean  of  St  Asaj^'s  t»se,  and  his 
advocating  the  causes  of  a  multi- 
tude of  persons  prosecuted  for 
sedition  by  government.  His  de- 
fence t^lWe,  howeverv  occamned 


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«18*     ANNUAL  HE'GISTETl,    1W3. 


lag  8Q4tei  <1innli«iif  bodk 
i^ffioe  he  held  as  attoniey* 
JU}  the  ptince  of  Wales;  But  he 
auras  ia  1806  lestored  to  the  ncok 
of  attom^^meral  to  the  ptbioe^ 
Aod  subsequently  qipoiiited  to  the 
dignity  of  Chancellor  tohisxi^al 
highness  and  keeper  of  the  boHb 
tox  the  dnchy  of  ComwalL 
.  Oneof  themosthriUianterenlB 
in  Eraldne's  professioBal  life  was 
the  part  cast,  upon  him,  in-  coi^ 
iuactianwith  Mr.  (afterwards  air 
y.)  Gibhs,  in  the  State  Trials,  in 
the  year  1794*  The  accused  peiP- 
00ns  looked  up  to  Mr.  Erskineas 
thdr  instrument  of  safety  ;  and 
he  managed  their  several  defenees 
with  an  enthusiasm  idiich.  rei^ 
dered  him  insensihle  to  the  fatigues 
of  a  long  and  continued  eser- 
tion. 

^  In  1804  he  accepted  thecom* 
mand  of  the  ooi^  of  Volunteersy 
fanned  under  the  name  of  the  Law 


.  A  great  change  in  the  political 
hemjiphere  having  taken  pl^pe, 
converted  the  eloquent  advocate 
into  a  judge,  and  a  peer  of  the 
realm.  Scnn  after  the  deadi  of 
Mr.  Pitt,  the  subject  of  this  me- 
moir was  sworn  a  member  of  the 
privy  xounoil^  created  a  baron  (Feb. 
7*  I8O6)  by  the  dtle  of  l(»d  Ev- 
akine,  of  Rostormel  Castle  in  Corn- 
wall, and  entrusted  with  the  great 
seal  as  lord  higih  chancellor  of 
Great  Britain. 

Lord  Erskine's  judicial  life  w«s 
much  too  short  to  affiird  a  fair  test 
cf  his  qualification  £or  the  hig^ 
and  important  statiopi  of  lcndp<:haa- 
cellor.  Hesucceeded  to  that  office 
under  many  disadvantages.  Of 
these  it  was  no  slight  one,  that  he 
superseded  aoeminent  lawyer  then 
in  the  jprimeofhislife,  whose  whde 
professional  existence  had  been 
pafied  in  courti  of  cquiiyi  (wtth« 


farterval  when  be^wai  1 
jttstiee  of.  the  ConmoQ  pleaa),  aad 
.whose  eKtBBoidinaiy  nttainmewti 
tare  acknowledged  by  the  Vetyep- 
iponents  who  amign  tiie  meda  m 
which  he'uses  them.  It  iaa^conoos 
part  indeed.of  lord  Eldoa^a  bistoiy, 
•that  while  there  are  these,  who 
&oin  party  motives  are  bold  ettMgh 
to  dispute  hia  fitness  ftr-  holding 
*the  great  seal,  there  is  not  one  per- 
son who  can  summon  tnuntr 
eoou^  to  deny,  that  he  is  tte 
flreatest  lawyer  of  the  day ;  thtai 
he  boasts  in  an  eminent  d^eeefvs- 
fesBumal  eruditkm,  avigotousand 
-active  intelleot,  and  nnwinjilitig 
diligence,  most  laboriims  haAals  cf 
investigation,  and  uldtapi^afhsHr 
int^pity.  It  was  hxd  EnkiMrt 
mistortune  toeomeafter  thiakamsd 
personage,  and  to  hvfe  maefeM 
4mly  in  courts  of  common  law,  te 
"greatest  enerienoe  in  which  sivei 
no  insight  mto  the  piacitioe  of  the 
-eourt  of  chamsary,  and  no  aemisEiiil- 
anoe  with  its  prinoiplefl.  -XJador 
these  drounstances  it  is  BO  dispa- 
ragement to  lord  Erddne  to  ssy, 
that  he  was  not  equal  to  his  prede- 
cessors. But  in  this  station  his 
qcdckness  aad  readiness  in  cMdiii^ 
points  and  adopting  anslwiclSfla 
were  eenq[»icuously  signid*  With- 
out the  asdstanoe  whi^  he  deoved 
from  ^e  learned  bar  of  the  com^ 
lord  £.  eertainly  could  not  ha^e 
administered  the  business;  bat 
with  the  infmmatioo  Whi^that 
assistance  gave  him,  he  eeeaced 
himself  at  least  agsinst  ^roBB  ecnr, 
if  he  did  not  distinguish  hnasdf 
by  new  and  original  eroosttiDa. 
In  one  tmnsaction  loid  Emkia^Ts 
chanceOenh^  was  mariced  by  bis 
abandoning  as  a  Judge -the  opmeas 
which  he  had  streaaously  maiiH 
tained  as  a  counsel*  In  the  ear* 
liest  part  of  his  life  he  had  ia- 
weighed   with    scana  vahemease 


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HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY*      5l9» 


^ijgaiauA  ^le  mxAmwty  prooeas  of  at* 
fachment  exevdaed  by  the  courts^  as 
contnury  to  die  liberty  of  the  sub* 
jeety  and  as  depriving  the  party  of 
trial  by  jury.  But  in  the  case  dPe« 
|Nirfe  Jtmes,  reported  in  Vesey^  vd. 
jaii.  p.  2S7^  it  happened  to  him  to 
be  tmder  the  necessity  of  himsetf 
maimittiBg  a  printer  to  prison  for 
It  oonCempt  in  publishing  a  pam^ 
|Met  denumng  the  proc^dings  of 
the^ourt. 

In  the  early  part  of  I807>  the 
short-Mired  administration  (k  lord 
Gvenville  broke  up^  and  lord 
Erskine^  after  his  retirement  from 
office,  took  for  a  long  time  but  Kttle 
part  in  public  concerns.  His  present 
majesty  with  whom  he  had  always 
been  a  personal  iHvourite,  invested 
faim,  soon  after  he  became  regent^ 
with  the  oi^der  of  the  thistfe.  Gra* 
titude  for  this  favour,  as  well  as 
other  considen^ions,  perhaps,  kept 
lord  £•  nom  active  opposition 
antil  fStke  unfortunate  business  of 
tito  late  Queen,  wh^  after  a  litde 
vadilation  in  the  outset,  he  ulti* 
mately  took  a  decided  part  against 
his  royal  patron* 

In  the  intcarval  of  leisure  he 
pubBriied  two  vohones  of  a  poBti* 
cal  romflnce,  and  recently  some 
wmphlets  in  &vour  of  the  Grreeks. 
These  publications  added  nothing 
to  his  former  reputation.  His  last 
literary  production  was  a  poem 
humanely  written  in  Betvonr  en  the 
poor  rooks,  so  unmercifully  sacri- 
ficed by  fiuniers.  It  applied  in 
the  literary  Garotte. 

His  lotdidup  married  March  2$, 
1770,  Frances  doubter  of  Daniel 
Moore,  Esq.  M.P.  for  Great 
Mariow,  who  died  Dec  26,  1805, 
mid  by  whom  he  had  issue  five 
daughters  and  three  sons.  Late  in 
life,  he  married  a  woman  widi 
whom  he  had  long  cohabited,  and 
was  scarcely  manied,  when   he 


sought  (but'  unsuccesrfblly)  a 
divorce.  He  was  succeeded  in  his 
titles  and  estates  by  David  Mon- 
tague his  eldest  wn,  married  Jatt. 
1800,  to  Fanny,  daughter  of 
general  Cadwallader  df  Tlulad^ 
phia,  in  North  America. 

He  died  on  the  17th  of  Novem- 
ber, at  Almondell,  near  Edinburgh, 
the  seat  of  his  nephew,  Henry 
Erskine,  of  an  inflammation  of  l3i^ 
fhest,  aged  75.  He  had  been 
twice  befbre  ill  of  the  coni*> 
plaint  wMdi  proved  fatal  to  him 
^^1807  and  I8I9.  His  recovery 
at  the  last  of  these  periods  was 
deemed  impoMRde,  buthis  strength 
of  constitution,  saved  him  then 
against  the  expectation  of  the  phy*« 
ricians. 

His  remains  were  conveyed  fiom 
Almondell,  and  interred  in  the 
ancient  fiunily  vault  at  UphaU 
church.  The  fbneral  was  nriviit^ 
the  body  being  conveyed  in  ti 
hearse  drawn  l^  rix  horses,  wiaA 
was  flowed  cmly  by  the  fataii^ 
carrii^,  and  those  of  a  few  prs« 
vate  mends. 

Hm  principal  publicadons  weite 
as  follow:— 

^  1.  Arguments  on  the  Bight  of 
Jnr%s,  in  the  cause  of  the  dean  of 
St.  Asaph,  in  the  court  of  Kihg^»- 
tcndi.  London,  !I7&1«  8vo— 2. 
The  whole  Proceedii^  on  aTrial 
of  an  infbrmatioh  f 4^iq^Kt;i6  by  the 
attorney-general  agamst  JtAxn 
Sto^kdale  for  a  sup^sed  libel  oh 
the  House  of  Commons,  in  the 
eourt  of  King^s*bench  before  lord 
Kenyon.  To  whioh  is  subfoined 
sn  Argument  in  support  of  ibe 
Right  of  Juries.  1791-  8vo.— A 
Speeclion  die  Liberty  of  Ihe  Press. 
London,  1798-  8vo. — 4.  Speech  in 
Defence  of  Thomas  Hu^y  and 
John  Home  Tooke,  Esq.  tried  on 
n  charge  of  High  Treason.  Lon- 
^don,  1795^   8va-»5.  Speeches  ef 


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tffl6»    ANNUAL  REGISTER,   1823. 


the  hcMobraUe  T.-  Enldne  and  X 
Kjrd,  Esq.  on  the  trid  of  T.  Wil« 
Jifuns^  for  publishing  Payne's  Age 
of  Reason;  with  lord  Kenyon's 
charge  to  the  jury.  London^  179T* 
jgyoi^^.  A  view  of  the  Causes  and 
Conseouenoes  of  the  present  War 
miA  FMmoe.  London^  1797*  Svo. 
This  pamphlet  had  an  unprecedent^ 
«d  «de,  ta^e  beii^  no  less  than 
£irt)r'-e^t  editions  of  it  jninted 
wi^in  a  few  months  after  its  publi- 
cation.-—7*  Substance  of  his  Speech 
in  die  House  of  Commons  on  a 
motion  for  an  Addxess  to  the 
'Hirone,  aipprovingof  the  re&isal 
4if  nMniaters  to   tieat   wiUi    the 


French  Republic  London,  Ittier 
8va — 8.  An  Explanation  of  all 
the  Acts  of  Parl^nent  lelattre  to 
fhe  Volunteer  Corps.  London, 
1608^^.  Speech  on  Msfieiom 
and  Wanton  Cruelty  to  Animab 
1809.  8tD;— 10.  The  qpe^cfaes  of 
the  honourable  T.  Erskine,  when 
at  the  bari  on  suUects  connected 
with  the  Liberty  of  the*  Press,  and 
against  Constructive  Treason.  Qd* 
lM;ed  by  James  Ridgeway.  Loo^ 
Arm,  1810.  3  Yofs.  8to.— .11 
Speeches  when  at  the  Bar  on  Mi»« 
edlan<k)us  subjects.  1812.  8vo^*-« 
IS  Armata,  1881. 


BiOGBAPHicAL  MsxfOiR  of  the  Earl  of  St.  Vincent. 


On  March  15,  in  the  preseift 
'year,  at  Rochetts^  near  BrentwiDod, 
in  hi^  89th  year^  died  John  Jervis^ 
Earl  of  St.  Vincent  in  the  long* 
dam  of  Spain,  viscount  St.  Vincent 
c€  Mea£ard,  county  of  Stafibrd, 
and  baron  Jervis  of  Meafo^d, 
admiral  of  the  fleet,  G.C.B.  and 
K.T.S«  F.R»S.  gmieral  of  the  royal 
marines,  an  eMer  brother  of  the 
Trihit^'house,  and  one  of  the  coun- 
cil of  stale  for  the  prince  of  Wal^ 
kk  ComwalL 

He  was  descended  from  an 
anoiettt  and  reqiectable  family  in 
Staffordshire,  wIeis  the  second  and 
youngest  son  of  Swynfen  Jervis, 
Esq.  Darrister-at-law,  counsel  to 
Uie  board  of  Admiraky,  and  audi* 
Isr  of  Gxeenwidi  ho^ital ;  and 
Ins  mother  was  the  sister  of  sir 
Thomas  Parker,  lond-^ef^^baron 
di  the  Exchequer.  He  was  bc^m 
at  Meafoid-hall,  Jan.  9,  1784 
(O.  a)  He  imbibedthe  rudi- 
ments of  Ins  education  at  the  gram- 
marwschocd  of  Burton-upon-Trent, 
which  at  the  age  of  ten  years  he 
qtfillad,  a^dentend  the  navy,  a 


service  in  which  he  was  probably 
induced  to  enter,  from  his  fadier^ 
dtuation  in  the  admiralty. 

He  received  the  first  rudiments 
of  his  naval  instruction  under  die 
gallant  lord  Hawke,  and  having 
been  rated  a  midsypman  about 
1748-9  he  served  in  that  capacity 
on  board  the  Gloucester  of  50  guns, 
oh  the  Jimiaica  station. 

On  the  19th  of  February,  1755; 
he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
lieutenant;  and,  in  the  ensuin§^ 
war,  he  was  employed  in  the  o^^ 
dition  against  Quebec.  Soon  aner 
he  was  advanced  to  the  rank  of 
commander ;  and  having  returned 
to  Europe,  proceeded,  not  long 
afterwards,  to  the  Meditenranesn, 
and  was  appointed  captain  of  die 
Expi^riment,  a  post  sirip  of  twenty 

rB,  during  the  indisposition  ^ 
John  Straohan.  While  this 
temporary  promotion  lasted^  he  fra 
in  with  and  encountered  a  lar^ 
Xebec  trader,  under  Mooriift* 
colours,  manned  by  Frendnnen^ 
mounting  twenty^six  gun8,'be8ides' 
swiviels  and  pateratoes,  and  with' 


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.  HISTORY  AND  BIOORA PHY.      2ftt* 


a  >crew  three  tixnes  as  numerous  fts 
tlie  Experiment.  After  a  furious 
but  ^ort  conflict^  the  enemy  was 
so  disalded  as  to  be  glad  to  take 
advantage  of  a  light  and  favour- 
able brcise  of  wind,  to  escape  from 
her  opponent,  and  secure  herself 
by  flight. 

Captain  Jervis  soon  after  re- 
turned to  England,  and  continued 
to  command  the  Albany  sloop  until 
the  11th  of  October,  176O,  when 
he  was  pnnnoted  to  the  rank  of 
poBt^captain  in  the  Gosport  of  40 
g^ms,'  in  which  ship  he  continued 
until  the  end  of  the  war,  in  a  situa- 
tion which  afforded  little  opportu- 
nity for  exertion.  From  this 
penod  until  1769,  no  event  of  im- 
poftance  occurred;  but  at  that 
period  captain  Jenris's  services  were 
again  called  for,  and  he  was  ap^ 
pointed  to  the  Alarm  firigate  of  22 

Sins.  Hisorders  were  to  go  to  the 
editerranean,  where,  in  1770, 
being  at  Villa  Franca,  he  had  the 
honour  of  entertaining  the  Due  de 
ChaUais,  brother  to  the  king  oif 
Sardinia. 

Returning  to  England  in  1774, 
he  was  promoted  to  the  Foudroy- 
ant,  of  84  gunSy  which  being 
ordered  to  join  the  fleet  equi{^)ed 
for  chi&nnel  service,  became  the 
admiral's  ship,  and  our  officer  was 
selected  by  admiral  Keppel  to  be, 
ene  of  his  captains. 

In  the  memorable  engagements 
between  the  French  and  British. 
fleeU,  on  the  27th  and  28th  of 
July,  1778,  hk  lordship  com- 
manded* the  Foudroyant,  which  ^ 
was  the  next  ship  to  the  Victory, 
andas  doscdy  engaged  and  as  much 
disabled  as  any  ^p  in  the  fl^t. 

On  the  tnals  which  followed 
the  unlucky  difierence  and  misun-*' 
derstandine between  admirals  Kep- 
pel and  Jrallisor,  detain  Jervis 
gave  hisevideaee  with  candour  and 


impartiality,  and  spoke  in  the  fol- 
lowikg  terms  of  his  superior  6t^ 
fleer: 

"  That  during  the  whole  time 
that  the  English  fleet  was  in  ^ht 
of  the  French  fleet,  he  displayed 
the  .greatest  naval  skill  and  ability, 
dnd  the  boldest  enterprize  upon 
the  27th  of  July ;  which,  with  the 
promptitude  of  sir  Robert  Har* 
knd,  will  be  subjects  of  my  admi- 
ration and  imitation  as  long  as  I 
Kve." 

From  the  evidence  given  upon 
this  trial,  it  appears,  that  tha 
]Poudroyant,  which  had  got  into 
her  station  about  three,  and  never 
left  it  till  four  the  next  morning, 
was  very  closely  engaged,  and  m 
a  most  disabled  state.  H^  main- 
mast had  received  a  shot  very  near 
through  the  head  and  lodged  in  the 
cheek,  which  passed  through  the 
iieart  of  the  mast,  and  sevenu  other 
shot  in  different  places ;  her  fore- 
mast had  also  received  several  shot; 
a  large  excavation  had  been  made 
ix^er  bowsprit  near  the  centre  ; 
the  fore-topmast  was  so  disabled 
that  it  was  oUiged  to  be  reefed, 
and  tke  misen  was  totally  disabled  ; 
every  hope  of  h^  funning-rimn^ 
cut,  and  her  shrouds  demoli^ed  > 
no  braces  or  bowHnes  left  and 
scarcely  any  haulyaids :  fore-stay, 
nnring-stay,  and  topsail-ties,  i^nd 
tlie  foot-rope  of  the  foTe-t<^peail> 
shot  away ;  her  sails  also  were 
very  much  shattered. 

In  this  most  disabled  state,  die 
Foudroyant  was  not  in  a  condLtioA 
to  chase,  but  kept  her  station  next' 
the  Victory,  as  far  to  windward  at 
possible.  ''I  was  covetous  of 
wind"  said  this  brave  officer,  '*  be- 
cause, disabled  as  I  then  was,  I- 
conceived  the  advantage  of  the 
wind  could  only  carry  me  i^^ain 
into  action." 

He  had  not  had  any  opportimity 


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224*     ANMVAI/  ftEGI«TERi    1883. 


BlOORAFHIOAL  MsMOIR  q/*  ChARLBS  GrANT,   EsQ. 


Thb  late  Qiarles  Grant,  Esq. 
was  bom  in  Scotland  in  the  year 
174^.  By  tlie  decease  of  his  fa^er, 
who  fell  in  the  memorable  battle  of 
CuUoden,  a  very  few  hours  after 
the  birth  of  this  son,  the  care  of 
his  infancy  and  youth  devolved 
upon  an  uncle,  at  whose  expense 
he  received  a  good  education  in  the 
town  of  Elgin. 

In  the  year  176T  Mr.  Grant 
proceeded  to  India  in  a  military 
capacity ;  but,  on  his  arrival  there. 
Be  Was  taken  into  the  employment,' 
and  under  the  immediate  patronage, 
of  Mr.  Richard  Becher,  a  member 
of  the  Bengal  council.  In  1770 
he  re-visited  his  native  country, 
where  he  united  himself  by  mar- 
riage with  a  lady  of  the  name  of 
Frazer,  who  survived  him.  Having, 
while  in  England,  obtuned  the 
promise  of  an  appointment,  as  a 
writer  on  the  Bencal  estaUiahment, 
he  re-embarked  for  India  in  May 
1772>  accompanied  by  his  wife,  her 
mother  and  sister,  and  lieutenant 
Ferguson,  a  friend  of  the  family. 
The  part^.took  their  passage  in 
the  ship  Vansittart,  captain  Young, 
destuied  first  to  Bombay,  and 
thence  to  proceed  to  Calcutta, 
where,  on  his  arrival,  he  received 
his  appointment,  whidi  is  dated  the 
27th  of  November,  1772.  In  the 
course  of  this  voyage  he  formed  an 
intinuupr  with  the  Rev.  Christian 
Frederick  Swarts,  a  Christian  mis- 
nonary,  with  whom  he  maintained 
a  correspondence  till  the  decease  of 
the .  latter  *.     During   the  same 

*  After  the  death  of  Mr.  Swarta,  who 
had  rendered  important  servicef  to  th« 
£Mt  India  Company,  Mr.  Grant  recom- 
mended to  the  Court  to  perpetuate  the 
rtmemhrance  of  them  by  the  erection 


voyage,  he  had  the  misfortune  to 
be  present  at  the  sudden  death  of 
his  friend  Ferguson,  who  was 
killed,  while  on  3iore  at  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  in  an  encounter 
with  captain  Roche  f  ,  also  a  pas- 
senger in  the  Vansittart. 

Almost  immediately  after  Mr. 
Grant's  arrival  at  Calcutta,  on  the 
2Srd  of  June,  1773,  he  was  pro- 

tt(  a  memorial  in  St.  Mary's  Chnrch  at 
Fort  St.  Geoive,  at  the  public  expeooe. 
This  suggestion  was  adopted,  and  the 
monument  erected  at  the  east  of  the 
East  India  Company. 

f  It  afterwards  appeared,  that  in  the 
course  of  the  voyage,  a  Aspnte  had 
taken  place  between  captain  Roche  aod 
lieutenant  Ferguson ;  that  the  feud  had 
been  so  violent  as  to  indooa  thoae  gea- 
tiemen  nv>re  than  onee  to  aeek  Ihead- 
justment  of  their  difierence  at  the  sword's 
point ;  that  from  doinff  this  they  were 
seveinl  times  prevented  by  the  interfe- 
rence of  friends ;  that  at  length,  wlule 
the  parties  were  on.  shore  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  and  at  a  public  tavern  or 
hotel,  being  then  under  the  influence  of 
strongly-excited  feeling,  if  not  of  wine, 
they  quitted  a  coffee-room  together, 
armed,  without  attendants,  and  in  the 
darkness  of  ni^t ;  that  Mr.  Grant  per- 
ceiving his  fnend  withdraw,  CoUcwed 
him,  and  overtook  him  in  the  pubTic 
street,  only  in  time  to  see  him  M, 
pierced  through  the  heart  by  his  aa- 
tagonist.  and  to  hear  his  last  convidsive 
inarticulate  sobs^  At  the  instance  of 
Mr.  Grant,  this  trusaction  underwsat 
an  immediate  investigation  at  the  Cape, 
where  Captain  Roche  was  aoquilted  by 
the  Dotdi  autfiorides  s  but  a  fireah  sp- 
plication  for  justice  was  made  atBomblqp, 
and  Roche  was  there  imprisoned  by  the 

fivernment,  and  sent  under  duresse  ts 
ngland,  aocompanied  by  a  memorial 
from  Mr.  Grantto  the  court  of  IMreetBnb 
with  other  doeumeuts.  The  cause  wm 
finally  referred  to  his  majesty  in  coundlj 
and  was  the  sutgect  of  considerable  dis- 
cussion at  home  in  the  year  1775,  both 
in  the  public  prints  and  separate  paai* 
phlets. 


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iBIBTaSYl  AND  BIOGftAVBry 


Bnt6s  to  VB6  nEnk  of  fiKtov >  mu 
■ran  aftevwwd&  wa9  appoiiiled 
weyUiry  to  ih«  fiooid  of  Tnde« 
wbidi  affiofthe  bold  finr  upwaidt 
of  d^  yoon^  pei&niuitt  its 
doiiao  with  eiemphry  iii£i8tx]r 
and  dbilitj. 

In  1 7S1>  the  Bengal  goTonmeni 
vdievcd  biim  6piim  htf  lecnUaTil^ 
and  ttationed  him  aatlie  oompan^ra 
oonuBfltcial  veaidant,  in  charaa  of 
thflir  vali]id»b  aUk  flftcloiy  at  l£dd% 
A  town  upon  the  booka  of  tha 
G8ii^|e%  and  in  the  immediate 
▼icimty  of  the  TaneraUe  and  atu-4 
Mndona  rains  of  the  onoe  ma^nU 
neent  city  of  Gour/  the  aooant 
eapitalof  BengaL 

In  June  1784,  he  obtained  the 
rank  of  senior  merchant^  and,  in 
February  1787j  was  summoned  to. 
Calcutta^  that  he  mi^  takepoa* 
seslion  ^  tiie  seat  and  office  of 
fourth  member  of  the  Bourd  of 
Trade>  conferred  on  him  1^  lord 
Comwallisj  in  consideration  of  his 
d]stin||uished  abiMes  and  approved 
integrity.  It  may  be  necessacry  to 
observe,  that  the  trade  with  India 
was  at  this  time  the  Company's 
diief  eoBcem  and  ezdnsive  pro- 
perty ;  and  that  the  board  at  Cal« 
cutta,  hi  correspondence  with  the 
court  at  home,  had  the  genml 
nanagementof  ^e  Company'8com« 
mereiM  interests.  Whue  his  eon<« 
duct  as  a  member  of  this  board 
added  much  to  his  reputation  with 
the  floveniment,  the  discharge  of 
the  duties  of  the  office  considerably 
increased  his  commercial  experience! 
and  general  knowledge.  But  in 
less  than  three  years  after  he  had 

*  Mr.  €h«iit  many  yean  after  his  re* 
turn  to  Bnglaad  iotn>duced  to  the  court* 
Yiews  a^4  plans  of  these  stupeadous 
ruina,  by  a  yonng  officer,  which  have 
since  been  published  under  the  court's 
psfroimgfe,  «)r  the  benefit  of  thQ  anther's 
irldov. 

Vol..  LXV. 


vaeeited  tUa  afpointmenty  tlie  inU 
paired  health  q£  his  baaSj  oom* 
polled  him  suddenly  to  quit  India» 
and  return  to  Knghnd,  Lord 
Comwallis,  who  had  beld  frequent 
onmmmricalaans  with  Mr-  Gmat, 
and  entertained  the  highest  xeand 
tat  him*  when  soUaited  to  aUow 
him  to  q^t  the  poresidency,  ex# 
pressed  repxet  at  the  necessity 
which  depnved  government  of  his 
senrioes,  considered  aa  they  were 
by  his  lordship  so  essential  to  the 
proper  executive  management  of 
the  commercial  interests  of  the 
Companv,that  be  would  in  any  caae 
not  of  the  mort  extctme  uigenoy, 
have  requested  him  to  ooodnue. 
But  this  being  impfacticahle^  hie 
return  to  Englwid  was  aeooaapimied 
by  unusually  strong  expressioiia  of 
the  hi|di  satisfaotion  with  whioh» 
Aft  government  regarded  hie 
aealous  and  fiuthfiil  services  in  the 
commercial  department.* 

A  distinguishing  feature  of  Mr. 
Oranf  s  character,  while  in  India^ 
appears  to  have  been  a  solicitude 
to  uphold,  to  the  utmost  of  his 
power,  both  by  his  example  and 
mfluence,  the  public  profession  c£ 
the  Christian  religion  by  the  £»« 
ropeans.  In  this  cause  his  aeal 
upon  some  occasions  surpassed  that 
of  his  ootemporaries.  He  not  only 
contributed  Uben^  towards  the 
re-building  t  of  St  John*s  ohoreh, 

•  One  proof  which  Mr.  Grant  had 
riven  of  his  intefrity  while  ia  India  was 
Sie  bringiBg  to  light  a  8«rks  of  systs* 
malic  frauds  upon  lus  smployersy  the 
continuance  of  which  undetected,  would 
probably  have  ruined  their  interests  in 
one  of  the  roost  valuable  staples  of  thdr  • 
oomiDOTce* 

t  llie  Church  origiDaUy  ooastructed 
at  Calcutta  i»r  the  Snffliw  settlers  wis 
destroyed  by  a  furious  hurricane  in  the 
night  between  the  Uth  and  19th  of 
October  1797;  and  from  that  period  tilt 
the  ereetioii  of  the  Afianon  Church  in  ' 
1770,  no  Protestant  phice  of  worship 


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fiSa*   ANNUAL  REGISTER,  IflBP. 


Iff  Cdbut^  but  pvn&oted  ii  b^ 
active  exertions.  It  is  also  a  fact 
Bot  generally  known>  and  to  be  xe« 
eofded  to  his  lasting  honour,  that 
he  redeemed  Bethte]^illah»  the  Pio« 
teslant  miffion  churchy  fitnn  dese- 
ontum,  at  a  personal  expense  to 
hinMelf  of  10^000  rupees,  and 
Tested  it  in  trust  for  sacred  and 
charitaUe  purposes  for  ever.* 

After  a  residence  in  In£a  of, 
altogether,  nearly  twen^  years,  in 
the  service  of  the  East  India  Com- 
pany, Mr.  Grant,  wil&  his  family, 
xe-^nbarked  at  Calcutta,  on  board 
the  ship  Berxington,  and  arrivedin 
England  in  the  autumn  of  1790- 
His  early  promotion  to  stations  of 
trust,  and  emolument,  £ot  which  he 
had  been  recommended  by  superior 
talent  and  tried  integrity,  had 
enabled  him  to  acquire  a  respectable 
competency  of  fortune;  and  his 
residence  in  India,  izKduenoed,  as 
he  appears  to  have  been,  during 
the  whole  term  of  it,  by  a  pecu« 
liarly  strong  sense  of  the  obliga* 

existed  there.  It  was  therefore  pro- 
posed to  erect  a  new  Church  by  private 
subscription,  to  which  Mr.  Grant  con- 
tribntea  500  rupees,  tokd  asnsted  in  the 
iprocurenent  of  vahiable  materials  from 
Gout. 

•  The  Church  or  Chapel  called  Beth- 
,  tephillah,  with  the  schools  and  burying 
ground  wliich  had  been  erected  i»y  the 
Protestaat  Afissionary  I.  Z.  Kiemander, 
in  the  year  1770  for  the  use  of  his  mis- 
sion, was  in  1787  placed  under  seques- 
tration by  the  sheriff  of  Calcutta  to  an- 
swer for  the  missionary's  personal  debts. 
To  prevent  the  desecmOon  and  sale  of 
these  premises,  and  disoontinuanoe  of 
public  worship,  which  must  have  ensued, 
Mr.  Grant  paid  out  of  his  own  pockst 
the  sum  of  10,000  rupees,  being  the 
amount  at  which  they  were  valued,  and 
imtnediatdy  pboed  them  in  trust  for 
taered  and  charitable  uses  for  ever,  ooa- 
•tituting  Mr.  WiUiam  Chambers,  a 
brother  of  sir  Robert  Chambers,  with 
th«  Rev.  Mr.  Biewne,  one  of  the  Com- 
pany's CfaapUdm,  and   himself^  tma- 


tiabs  of  idi^oB,  hado 
charactertto  diat  of 
philanthropist,  and 
with  lively  fedings  of  t 
the  moral  and  intellectual  ^ 
of  the  imawose  Mahomedan  •"^ 
Heathen  population  sulneci  to  ibe 
British  government.  H»  had  i»* 
stituted  a  dose  scrutiB j  inso  the 
d^aracter  of  the  natirea,  which  Ittii 
resulted  in  the  fbnnatian  mA  m* 
taUishment  of  opinions  whadi  ga« 
vemed  his  subse^psent  condact 
upon  occasions  erf  great  naondand 
political  importance.  Hisfintest' 
idoyment,  after  his  return  to  Eng- 
Wd,  was,  to  commit  the  rcwJl  a 
his  inquiries  to  paper,  in  a  tract  »- 
titled,  "  Observationa  on  the  stale 
ef  society  among  the  Asiatic  sub* 
jecU  of  Great  Britain;"  wlodi 
was  written  in  1^79t2»  althon^  ns^ 
submitted  to  perusal,  ottt  of  dM 
circle  of  his  personal  fxieodsty  till 
1797*  In  that  year  he  laid  it  upoK 
the  table  of  the  court  of  diieolflD 
withanintroductmy  letter,  ffrtirf 
his  motives  lor  so  doin^  to  b^  a 
consideration  of  its  rdievans^  ta 
certain  proposals  for  ooosnamka- 
ting  Chnstianity  to  the  natives  flf 
Iiicua,  by  granting  pemusaian  Sat 
missionaries  to  i^roceed  thitho^ 
which  had  been  repeatedly  pnascri 
upon  the  court's  attention.  Thm 
paper  vrill  be  again  adverted  tm  in 
connection  with  the  final  and  suc- 
cessful efforts  of  its  author  for  tho 
attainment  of  that  object. 

On  the  30th  of  May^  179l!k  he 
was  elected  a  director  of  the  fiasB 
India  Company  by  the  imannnaos 
vote  of  the  propietors,  not  moie 
than  two  months  after  he  had  dft* 
dared  himself  a  candidate  for  die 
direction.  He  was  at  this  tiM 
in  the  49th  year  of  his  age,  in  tho 
full  vigour  ot  an  excellent  oonsti- 
tution ;  possessed  of  extensive  ge- 
neral   Imowledge;    of  '  ' 


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HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY., 


ktUii  tt  a  veato  find  writer^  with 
Afoniid  judgment  and  great  fimi* 
uem,  integrity^  and  besevolettce. 
.  To  attenqit  a  detail  of  all  tbe 
knportant  meaiofei  oomected  wiUi 
the  India  adminiiUmiau,  in  the 
ditciHBion  and  adoption  of  wluch 
Mr.  Giant  from  this  time  took  an 
active  and  often  a  praminent  party 
ipould  be  hero  impraetioaUe.    J^t 
lliata  hnef  re^Biviioe  ihoaldbeniade 
to  a  few  of  them,  seons  neoeflMxy 
Ibr  theilluatracion  of  hiachaiacter, 
aa  the  attached  and  powerful  sup* 
[       porter  ci  the  East  India  Company^ 
i       and  their  aeakras  advocate  in  par-* 
I       fiament ;  and  as  the  indefatigable 
[       friend  and  benefeetor  of  die  native 
I       popnlation  of  British  India* 
I  The   rabject'  of   the   greatest 

moment  wUdi  lir«  Grant  found 
,      nnder  the   comideration   of  the 
oourt  when  he  entered   it,  and 
,       which  appears  to  have  attracted  his 
Murliest  attention,  was  a  question 
I       Napecting  the  frei^t  paid  by  tiie 
Company  for  the  hnre  dF  their  ship* 
nns «     This  suffsestion  for  an  eco« 
,      S^adieform1^beenfor<»renl 
[      years  before  the  court  of  proprie* 
I      tarsy  but  no  effectual  measures  had 
I      been  determined  upon*   The  friends 
of  Mr.  Gntnt  have  dainudfcnr  him 
thecredit  of  havingbeen  mainly  in- 
strumental in  eflferang  the  salutary 
lefbrm    whi^    afterwards    todc 
|daoe.    The  best  testimony  to  Mr. 
Grant's  merits  in  the  accompli^-  ' 
ment  of  tins  change,  is  that  fur« 
nisbed  by  its  enemies,  who^  it  ,ap- 
peaxB,  at  the  next  Section,  made  a 
vigonms  but  unsuccess&d  attempt 
to  prevent  his  return  to  the  Di^ 
reetiouu 

Upon  other  important  questions 
ij^'ieb  were  asitated  about  this 
time,  particularly  those  respecting 
the  opening  of  ihe  trade  of  India, 
and  the  prevention  of  an  illicit 
*&,  it  will  not  be  disputed,  by 


persons  conversant  widi  dieiSuW 
ject,  tbat  Mr.  Grant  atrenuoiMlf 
and  eloquently  smpported  the  Com«. 
pony's  n^ts,  ana  rendered  thent 
emment  service* 

•  Upon  a  qoeation  of  eqaal  no^. 
ment,  and  peouliar  deHcaey,  whidr 
first  came  under  discussion  in  1797> 
highly  affbcting  the  character  of 
the  directors,  and  theaeby  ^  vital 
interests  of  the  company,  the  oonne 
onrsiied  by  Mr.  Grant  was  aa 
honourable  to  hunself  as  it  waa 
beneficial  to  the  body  of  n^uch  he 
fiMrmed  apart*  This  Question  was^ 
the  alleged  abuse  of  the  patronage 
of  the  coort,  an  imputation  to 
whidi  it  was  subjected,  by  the 
daily  appearance  of  advertiseioenta 
in  the  public  papers  ofieiing  ap- 
pointments, to  India  for  a  valuaMe 
consideration*  To  prevent  Uieap* 
pearance  of  such  advertisements, 
the  court,  it  was  found,  possessed 
no  power,  nor  any  means  of  com^ 
pelung  a  disclosure  of  tiie  parties^ 
who,  there  was  reason  to  fear,  were 
in  some  cases  ffuilty  of  abusing  ^le 
kindness  of  its  members.  Yet, 
restrained  as  they  were,  by  legal 
obstacles,  fixmi  either  redressing  or 
prevmting  the  daily  wioiiff  wmi& 
to  their  diaracter,  they  judged  it 
proper  to  use  every  possible  meana 
for  their  own  exoneratkm.  In 
Sqptsoaber  1800,  and  in  January 
1801,  the  subject  was  warmly 
taken  up  in  ^  general  court; 
and  upon  the  latter  occasion,  in- 
particular.  Mi.  Grant,  in  an  aigo« 
mostative  q»eech  of  some  kn^i, 
declared  himself  favourable  to  the 
prosecution  of  inquiry  in  eveiy 
possible  way;  considering  that 
''the  honour  of  the  court,  the 
satisfoction  of  the  public,  and  the 
state  of  the  subject,  did  require  it." 
By  .the  decision  of  a  ballot,  whidi 
followed  this  discusaon^  a  majority 
of  the  proprietors  of  India  ste^ 
P»2 


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SMS    AUnVAh  REGIftTGIR,  tftt. 


tile  QOtnt   ftofli  io^ 
plekn^  wyie  tht  eoHtinuaiioe  mA 

fooBc  wind  JuSmM  upon  tiM 
sulgect.  At  length  an  oppoitQtdtf 
wgf  ifibidedibjr  mam  disdotmres 
i»Udi  iwra  MoidiiitaUy  mide  in 
^le  House  of  CmamsmB,  in  llio 
coune  o#  the  lA^fuiij  Into  the  eon-* 
teet  of  bk  n^  Ugbnets  tbo 
iwmwnwlfr  in  cldef,  in  ]809>  of 
oifeetiMiIly  trodng  the  evil  to  itg 
MNHioe.  Mr.  GiwityWhohadtben 
m  8Mt  in  the  houses  obtained  die 
CDwnmenoeof  die  court  of  dxreou 
toffi^  eadjoined  hii  biodier  diieotk 
tor,  ftfr.Ooorge  Smiib,  in  a  request 
Aat  die  house  would  appoint  a 
icikst  Committee  fbr  the  investi- 
galiaaofthesabfect  The  results 
m  that  iinrestigation,  wUoh  were 
eoBBolpatorr  of  the  wlioie  oourt^ 
did  Aot  r^eet  more  honour  upon 
tiie  gentleaen  who  had  sought  it, 
than  did  the  hig^  tone  of  manly 
iMiag  and  oonsoioos  poritj  with 
y/Mdk  it  had  been  solioited. 

In  AprO  1804,  he  was,  fbr  the 
first  time,  elected  deputy  chairman 
ofthe  court  of  direotors;  thehon. 
W.  F.  E^hinstone  being  at  die 
s«Ma  time  ohosen  to  fill  tte  chair, 
to  whidi  Mr.  Gnmt  sueoeeded  in 
Apnl  1805*  F«om  April  I8O6  to 
April  1807#  he  was  out  of  the  di* 
reotkm  bv*  totatiim.  Upon  his  re- 
tarn  to  the  eouit  in  April  1807, 
he  was  again  dected  d^uty  chafaw 
man^  his  friend  Edwaid  Parry 
esq.  iKing  at  the  same  time  chosen 
ohainnan*  This  arrangement  was 
continued  ftom  April  1807  to  April 
1809,  when  Mr.  Grant  was  again 
diOKn  to  fill  the  cfaa]r>  which  he 
held  till  April  1810.  He  was  i«- 
eieoted  to  it  in  April  1815,  and 
filled  it  till  April  I8I6,  maldng 
altDjfBthar  a  period  of  six  years, 
domg  which  he  hdd  the  oflke  ci 
chaitnan  4Mr  deputy  ohfdrmim  of 
the  court. 


Than  only 
extent  of 

and  intwests  in  Isdia^  1 
eaoBdtatioa  of  die  India 
ment  at  heme,  have  it  in 
power  to  fbttt  any  adtqtuln 
oqiCimi  of  die  wnety,  in^MMti 
and  imaflaey)  of  die  snbfedis^ 
whidv  in  ttieeourse  of  andi  a  pvo» 
trastedcareer  of  official  4Qty,  wnnM 
oooupy  the  miod  and  lima  «f  a 
gentieman  thus  distingoiflbad  hf 
the  oonfldence  of  the  court;.  An 
entire  devotiofi  of  time  1 
is,  in  flenenl,  not  more  than  1 
eient  for  the  diiDharge  of  tlM  in- 
cumbent dudes  of  cidmr  of 
renxmsible  situations. 

Upon  Mr.  Grant's  ele 
the  diair  in  1804,  he  iMind  the 
measures  of  knd  Wdlcal^r^  ai^ 
miaistration  under  review,  of  asiny 
of  whidi,  Mr.  Grant  < 
ly  disapproved.    They  bad  is 


and  gaUantry    in  the 
energy  in  the  council;  but  nadi 
splendid  qualities,  in  Mr.  Gtandh 
judgment,  could   not   atone  for 
substantial  wrong,  and  nothing  kn 
did  he  impute  to  some  of  the  ms^ 
surea  in  question;  nor  did  tiny 
iqypcar  to  hmi  to  have  bean  bens* 
fidal  in  their  results,  aa  thay  hai 
neither  effeoted  the  pariftnatinn  sf 
India,  fiir  whidi  they  had  beta 
undeitahsn,    nor    impmaed  *  the 
Company's  conmieioe  and  financm. 
The  firat  of  his  lotdship*a  miinay 
enterprises,  tiie  Mysoia  war,  wis 
an  exeepdon ;  this  was noontmtts 
wUdi  die  British  floramnientl^ 
been  provoked  by  die  treaahssy  ef 
Tippoo  sultan,  and  his  inttigon 
with  die  French.    It  was  tbeie- 
five  as  defensihiB  in  piinc^le  ai 
prosperous  in  its  issoe.     But  lis 
subsequent  negotiations  with>tiie 
nabobs  of  the   Camatie  and  sf 
Oude  (bodi  of  dMm  okl  and  fnt^ 
ful  allies  of  the  British  nation), 


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HlSTORr.AND  BIOGRAPHY.      fMt 


ina  the  extino^n  fcf  tnotf  of  Ihtf 
tbnbd^M  vovmtf  and  the  dumember- 
mmt  of  dietenitotietof  diektter, 
were  nteasoves  wUck  in  Mr^^ 
Gmnt's  Judgmflttt  w«8  IkUe  to 
fl  tHrong  ol|$eotkfii<  And  the  uhm 
HMdiAte  eonfederaey  of  tlie  Mmr^ 
kAtCtt  princes  against  tlie  Brituii 
fwwer,  ai  it  appetred  to  be  • 
Mtttnd  oontofuenoe  of  the  eno- 
nemis  policf  ^whidi  had  been  pur* 
Boed^  ae  it  wai  oonftdered  aa  Gall- 
ic for  a  marked  cenaim  on  thoae 
acts  ci  aggresflion  which  had  priK 
wAedit.  Snail  at  least  ware  the 
sentiments  of  Mr.  Orant^  ndu),  with 
«eteenoe  to  the  s^fsiem  of  the 
foreign  relatiofis  of  the  Company 
hi  iMitt^  as  well  as  of  those  which 
aiie  duiaesiit>  aiwajFS  ptofcisad 
hsnself  a  strict  adhemnt  to  the 
fdans  and  principles  of  his  fHend 
and  patron  lord  Comww]]B>  whom 
he  held  in  tlM  highest  estnaation. 
He  partbc^  of  that  nobleman's 
ioiieitude  for  the  eslablidunent  of 
an  empire  in  India,  founded  rather 
npon  character  (and  partienlarlj 
upon  the  reputation  or  moral  and 
mtellecttial  superiori^)  than  on 
ioins.  ''The  character  of  this 
eonntrf^''  Mr.  Otnnt  obsenred  in 
ihe  House  oi  Commons,  on  one  of 
the  diMosrions  le^eeth^  Oode» 
^'is  Its  dearest  possenian,  and  I 
am  eonTinoed  thai  character  would 
be  oomprouiised,  if  the  House 
should  not,  with  aviewtonationid 
hottouf-  and  nalaonal  Jtistioe,  eob^ 
press  its  disiqpprobation  of  this 
teransaotion*" 

In  aeooidance  with  these  views, 
he  gave  his  support  to  a  resolution, 
submitted  to  the  House  by  Uielate 
sir  pyiMp  Prahcis  on  the  5th  of 
April,  lfl05,  ''That,  to  puraue 
scAemM  of  conquest,  and  extensidn 
af  dominion  in  India,  ave  measures 
repugnant  to  ^le  wi^,  thehononr^ 
aa4  iha  paiisjF  «  ibis  natkak'' 


Upon  this  ptopoaitifln  tort  CastiN 
nmf^  SMrrcd  the  pnvionsqusationl 
in  reply  to  whom,  Mn.  Omnt  Arst 
fiiUy  vindisated  the  oouvt  of  dii 
veetoisfitMi  ail  paitieipatiDn  in  the 
politieal  meaaures  of  manfuis  Wcl* 
ladey's  govauaaem,  aad  tbn 
voted  in  the  mkority  widi  air 
Plullip.  ''ThelvuepoliOTef  the 
Biitiflh  ftuvefiukMBt  in  InaBa,"  oh* 
served  Mr.  Gnnt^  *«  is  net  to  povft 
sne  oonqutst  for  tiie  sria  of  sKtaBu 
sion  of  territory.  This  opiiiion  I 
have  been  led  to  adopt  nom  eM» 
ptifence  of  the  efiect  of  the  ftnosr 
Marhatta  war,  an  event  whidi  has 
hud  the  foundacion  of  aU  the  debta 
wa  have  inoomd  drate.  Adnata 
ting,  therefore,  what  1  eonader  to 
be  Aie  to  the  maiqina  WeUedey* 
the  credit  of  great  ahi&ty  and  at* 
tention  to  the  albiiv  of  the  Gobi*' 
^y,  I  eamwt  withheld  nyemofc 
tion  to  the  motion*  fionneh  has 
been  done  to  reader  it  doobtfiil* 
whether  we  have  not  ahaiahaiifrt 
that  principle,  that  it  has  beooaae 
necessary  to  give  the  world  aa» 
snraace  that  it  shall  in  ftiCare  be 
the  guide  tif  the  Britidi  poli^  in 
India."  On  this,  as  well  m  on 
odwr  ooeasions,  when  tiie  polilRal 
selataons  of  India  wete  under  con* 
sideration,  Mr  Grant  was  afaiy 
supported  by  sudi  other  menhan 
of  theoourt  of  diraoters  as  tseia 
in  parHaaaent,  and  particabaiy  hf 
Mr.  Hudkaton,  who  had  been 
aiany  years  in  India» 

The  sul^  af  lord  WeBssley's 
poUey  was  agitated  again  in  the 
following  saarion,  when  Miv  Paul 
kid  upon  the  table  of  the  Uonae 
of  Cemmonaaeveml  ipedfio  thaigea 
agidnst  that  noUeman,  and  a  pcm- 
position  for  his  impeachment  Mr» 
Grant  in  a  prelintmary  d^te 
iraon  the  motion  for  papp«%  again 
ailowad  that  ^ke  ^stem  puximd 
by  tetd  Wallesleyj  wa%  aa  a  nafc 


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SK»»    ANNUAL  REGISTER,  18iB. 


taiy  tysleni^  Terj  splendid^  and  ftt« 
tended  with  many  adTtntaffes, 
'<  But,"  added  he,  '<  I  cannot  think 
that  a  good  83r8temfartrBnfluil]iaing 
india,  the  eflfeet  of  whidi  has 
been,  to  inrolve  us  in  quarrels  with 
all  1^  aadTe  prinees."  Upon  the 
subject  of  the  Oude  charge,  he 
fulrf  concurred  with  the  promoters 
of  ihe  impeachment,  whue  at  the 
aame  time  he  most  candidly  oppo^ 
wed  tibe  printing  and  cbeulating  of 
tibe  charge,  before  the  papers  were 
all  produced.  ^'  FeeHng,"  he  ob- 
serred,  ''this  to  be  the  £ur  and 
candid  way  of  proceedings  I  wffl 
mvowmy  opinion,  because  having 
mifiirtttnately  had  occasion  to  take 
rather  a  prominent  part  in  many 
of  these  questions,  and  seeing  it 
likdy  to  become  my  du^  to  do  so 

rn,  I  find  my  mily  support  in 
painful  pe^cament  in  which 
ao  much  cdhsion  with  feelings  and 
opinions  of  others  ]^aces  me,  to  be, 
in  the  consciousness  of  honestly 
feOowing  the  dictates  of  my  own 
mind.** 

In  the  session  of  1807>  on  a 
motion  for  papers  relative  to  the 
conduct  of  rae  British  government 
towards  ibe  Poligars,  he  traced 
tiie  Vellore  mutiny  to  the  wish  of 
the  Blahomedans  for  the  restor« 
stion  of  the  sons  of  Tij^  sultan 
to  power,  and  not  to  any  interfer- 
ence with  the  superstitions  of  the 
natives.  Mr.  Grant  also  success- 
fully maintained  the  Ccmipany's 
rights,  and  defended  ^eir  interests 
upon  two  important  financial 
questions;  ^e  first  was,  the Ccnn- 
pan/s daim  upon  the  government; 
the  second,  their  request  to  be 
allowed  to  issue  bonds  in  prefer* 
enoe  to  ^e  creation  of  stock. 

In  June  1808,  the  measure  of 
deposii^;  the  nabobs  of  the  Camatic, 
came  finally  under  discussion  in 
tbo  Hmm  of  (I^nunoDfi    Vfoofk 


this  occasbn  Mr.  GtMt  dcKfcnl 
his  sentiments  at  ^reat  kngth,  ni 
entered  into  a  review  of  tiie  Tpv^n 
on  the  taole,  wMch  he  coBdoded, 
by  dedaring  the  depoattion  of  the 
nabobs  ana  assumplioii  of  tf 
power  to  be  acts  of  injustioe; 
with  reference  to  the  pveftei 
em^qyed  to  justify  them,  he  gate 
k  as  his  decided  ofonion,  ''that 
not  onl^  there  was  natidag  lihe 
legjil  evidenoe  of  the  offcuces  im- 
puted to  the  last  nabobs,  but  even 
no  such  presumption  as  an  indivi* 
dual  or  a  nation  could  act  i^sn 
with  any  regard  to  justice."  ^ 

In  the  revenue  adMiiywiimtisn  cf 
India  Mr.  Grant  supported  a  syHiJM 
which  invested  wkh  proyneuiy 
rights  and  personal  immqiuties  As 
native  landholdew  and  coltivmtsp ; 
a  system,  of  whic^  it  is  awifliiiinat 
commendatioD  to  say,  that  itorigb- 
ated  under  the  paternal  govcn« 
ment  c^  lord  ComwaUis,  and  ii 
nearly  ^e  reverse  of  that  fiAiwed 
by  tluB  Mahomedan  goveraiaepts. 

The  interest  whidi  Mr.  Gmt 
tock  in  the  Jurisprudence  cf  India, 
always  appeared  to  be  propoitiaaed 
to  the  influence,  which,  in  hisopin* 
ion,  the  due  administrataon  of  jus* 
tice  would  have  iqpon  the  monl  aal 
intellectual  condition  of  tke  natives. 
Few  members  of  the  court  of  di« 
rectors  were  better  qualified,  by 
personal  observation,  to  apprecirtfci 
the  difficulties  which  lay  in  die 
way  of  any  oonsideiable  or  rapid 
mdioraticm  in  the  stale  of  « 
people,  sunk  as  the  natives  ef 
India  are  in  their  pre|udices  and 
habits— ^mudioes  and  habitsas  in- 
veterate as  toeyareodious,  andtivet- 
ted  upon  them  by  the  ceaaelag 
exertions  of  their  supei  ku'  crdcxs 
or  castes,  to  whom,  for  the 
most  part,  an  undue  boma^ 
amounting  to  worshipy  is  paid. 
But  it  wai  jnoooriitgnt  wjtb  Ife 


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HISTOBT  AND  BlOGHAPHT.^    tBI* 


Camsh  oamimom  of  the  sn- 
pecion^  and  dime  eutharity  of 
Chnataamty,  to.  ooB^ede  dtheir  to 
MahmnfidgBigni  car  Hindooian  «n 
eteiaiQrof eMtenoe.  Henoe^pov 
luiff^  a  certeia  0Qp»lacency>  with 
vMeh  be  r^arded  m  attempts  to 
iBSgzaft  piJiicipleB  of  Bntkh  Jmw- 
nwdeaoe  en  the  Aatatio  atock ;  and 
i«noe  the  deckien  and  seal  whidi 
lie  evinfiad  uponell  queatioBa  con- 
jwctod  with  the  auperstitioiii  or 
dMcabof  India* 

'.  Tlie  education  <tf  the  Company's 
aanranta  destj&ad  for  India»  and 
upon  whom  the  eiMontive  govenn 
^DOQt  of  Ae  nativea  of  that  ooun* 
t«7  jttuat  devolv^^  vaa  of  eourae  an 
el^eei  of  gsaat  mdnant  witk  Mr. 
Cmnt^  mi  the  mode  of  k  a  quea* 
tiott  ci  vital  importanee.  It  hm 
been  pubUdy  aoaciTted  to  hit  ho- 
.n#ur>  and  we  have  Mason  to  b^ 
lieve  .co«eetly>  that  the  plan  of 
the  ooUfiige  at  Hakybury  in  Hert* 
fecddhire  OTginated  wi^  him. 
MoB^  eorlaia  it  ic^  tbat^  upon  all 
^oeasions  wb^  the  conduct  or  go- 
wnniei^  oi  that  inatitutkm  came 
under  disentsinn  beClMe  the  body 
of  tbe  pn^nietors  of.  India  stock, 
•be  baa  q^eaved  as  its  advocator 
and  taken  a  considerable  part  in 
evecy  debate.  Tbe  invidunis  im- 
pntaaioiis  of  somCj  that  its  desgn 
was  merely  to  supplant  a  simiJukr 
estaUiflbm^it  previously  formed 
by  lord  Wellesley  at  Calcutta,  be 
aSbctually  rebutted,  and  by  cogent 
reasonings  justified  the  preference 
wbicb  the  court  gave  to  Enffland. 
AiQcoirding  to  the  doctrine  m  Mr. 
Grants  a  sineer&and  conscieatious 
attacbment  to  the  Christian*  faith, 
■   1'    '     '  '  I  '    ■ 

*  Of  tbenauiy  persons  who  having 
proceeded  to  India  with  miude  not  fully 
made  up  on  this  sulject,  and  who,  in 
consequence  thereof,  afterwards  virtu- 
ally  er  .acWsHy  conformed  to  Hindoo 


and  a  satded  patiintasm,  cum^  to 
form  a  part  of  uie  chamoter  orWeiEy 
Knglishman  who  should  be  allowed 
to  bear  rule  in  India;  and  it  wiB 
not  be  difficult  to  determine  by 
wbicb  oi  •  t^psA  estaUishBiants 
those  objects  are  most  likely.to  be 
obtained. 

>  Tbe  tempoofary  defectien  of  a 
part  of  tbe  Madras  amy^  under 
the  administiation  of  air  Geoiiie 
Barlow  in  1809,.  furaished  an  oo« 
oaoon  &tr  the  exertion  of  1^. 
Grant's  energies,  which,  whatever 
may  be  tbe  opinion  of  some  p^^ena 
on  tbe  great  quaetionthenat  issne^ 
will  probably  be  admitted  by  al^ 
to  have  reflected  honour  upon  bin;^ 
as  a  man  of  distinguished  abilities 
andinraicible  firamess;  andfe^ 
if  any,  wiU  be  dispoaed  to  doi^ 
that  bis  conduct  on  the  ocoaffOfi 
pxsocaeded  horn  a  deep  coavictiaa 
that  the  coarse >be  took  was  suck 
as*  a  sense  of  puUie  duty  psasGxibed 
tohinu  It  will  be  recollected  by 
most  persons  vdiD  are  aoqnaintel 
with  India  affiiirs,  that  the  event 
referred  to  bad  its  origin  ina  mea- 
sure of  needful  economy  in*  ml^ 
tary  equipment,  wbicb  bad  been 
determined  upon  before  tbe  arrival 
of  sir  George  Barlow  at  Madzafr 
Tbe  adoption  and 'enforcement  of 
that  measure  by  him  excited  cmi- 
aiderable  and  unjustifiable  di»ati»> 
faction  and  mpositioa,  and  at 
length  placed  the  commander  in 
chief,  lieutenant^geueral  Hay  Mae 
Dowal  (wba  was  not  a  mendier  of 
the  council)  in  an  attitude  of  formal 
disaffection  and- even  defianoe  to 
the  government  The  unfortuneta 
end  of  that  officer  (lost  at  sea  in 

who  fbunded  Caloutte,  was  the  most  rer 
markable.  He  married  a  young  fiindoc^ 
of  whom  he  was  passionately  fond,  and 
she  made  a  Hindoo  of  him  ;  after  her 
decease  he  annually  sacrificed  a  cock  tQ 
hiri 


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taS^   AHTICUAL  BEGISTBH.  IfiftS. 


kk  oondiict  from  unaBt^Dia^  al 

vvttigatifltt  which  wat  ndted  ta 

Aeoalo.    But  th&itooDg  aadde^ 

auiv»  tMMOTM  whidh  ware  adopt* 

ad   by    die  Madiaa  |;oveniiii6nt 

with  sir  George  Barbw  at   ita 

hdri^  gftea  th6  dqpMtuie  of  lieu- 

looaiit-gaMral  Mao  Dowal,   fiv 

Iho  iitoveitlion^  and  finaUj  fiar  iha 

n^poMftOQ  of  the  nmtinx>  aKobed 

Igr  tho  lieutaant-ffoneral'a  partma 

addrra^    pobUihed  in  a  gtnend 

oidar  of  tha  S8lh  JaDuarr  1809; 

partkulariiy  tha  piocoedingi   ro» 

raecting  liant«*€oknd  Bolea  and 

thaodMF  officers  conownad  in  the 

pttWIiiatian  of  the  gantnd  aadar; 

the  tikli  of  seyatal  offioeBB»  sooae 

of  tham  of  suparior  rank^  for  ibum 

tiny;    tha  censuia  passed   upoa 

aome  civil  senrttits  whase  ooachiat 

IMS  diflipnK>vad  by  tha  gotremi^ 

laant;  and^  finally^  the  moval  of 

Mr.  Patiie  from  Uie  oouacil^  weaa 

all  sulpaels  of  nuich  and  want 

diaooBsioa  at  tho  Iadia4ioaJe  and 

in  ParUamant.    In  ihis  discussioa: 

Mb  Grant  took  a  daesded  par^ 

vindicating  the  measures  of  sir 

Goocjp  BiErhiw^s  administratioa,  as 

wdl  aa  his    pecsonal    charaeter^ 

aguast  all  impuBnars.    He  uai- 

fonaiy  raaiHtHitiad,  that  the  maa* 

suzoa  of  sir  George  had  been  taken 

under  carcniBBtances   of  peeuUar 

diffioolty;  that  they  had  been  dio- 

tatad  by  fidelity  to  the  Company's 

iyqwito»    that    Uisy    tifete   not 

straupHrthan  tha  earaeooyaf  the 

ocoasma  had  required;    and  that 

there&cB  they  did  not  eiMitle  him 

to  ceBsuroybut  to  tha  marked  appro- 

balaonofhisampkiyerB.  ''Hehad/' 

haobservadin  tha  House  of  Cobk 

moiw  (Feb.  «1, 181 1 ),«  W  been 

an  attentive  observer  of  sir  George 

Barlow's  conduct, from  tha  wholeof 

"^hich^  during  many  years  asfaana 


Oeofga  had 

ohamd  tho 

poesn  inkim,  sad  was  ^ 

the  Ugh  opprobalkm  of  hia< 

try."    In  tiba  epjumn  1^  ( 

oanaittly  enjoyed  the 

CK  a  majwiliy  ei  ttie  oam^oa 

raotoo^  and  of  liha  otter  mA 

lieam  England,  wwaUasofkal 

Minta,  dmn  gorarma  ymaial  «f 

India.     Tha  papecs  iiiathra  U 

these  proceedings  artikh 

Oraal^  Ban%  aa  waU  aa 

tha  pasparatkm  af  whkh 


Lirf  theoMVtofdinbtooB, 
reoosd  in  <ikm 


with 
they  lemaia  to  tim 
tha  fiituaa 

The  nei^ 
court  of  disectofi  and  hia 
nmuteM  Ibff  the  taMMl  br 
ter  of  the  Company's 
pavilagesy  which 
1808>  when  Mrw  Gvaaf 
puty^Hdudmany   eaUad 


af 


of  his 

btoog^t  under  reviMf  afaao^^veiy 
right  which  thaOsmpunj^omissidj 
and  iniPDlted  in  its  ptagiaaa  te 
diarasBonof  every  principle  of  e»« 
loaial  govamment  appimaiie  to 
die  East  ladles.  To  aaist  in  an 
investigarioa  so  eKtennvey  Mrk 
Giant  was  peculiarljr  qualiiladKby 
tho  attmt  of  his  infermatieOf  *e 
soundness  of  Ingjodgmenty  and 
the  laborkmsnem  of  hit  hahiftsi  and 
^pary  important  servioie  wev^  wo 
doubt,  rendered  by  him  to  the 
Company.  He  took  an  active^  and 
sometimas  a  pruuiuent  part  in  all 
the  proceedings*  He  was  tiltttwi 
by  the  court  a  member  of  the  da- 
putaAm  appointed  to  aonler  with- 
birmmoatr'i    ' 


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rmSTOKE  AND  filoeiLAPBlE:;    SIS^ 


MMiliitti  ihfl  inewtttatldB  06    piDcfir cfrliit pw? Aiw rf^ritoto 


MlUcMr  io  jwahuMUt  on  Hv 
Oaapmi^fB  tbetext;  mi  in  Off 
Hoiiaa  q£  CoiMnwig;  SMrtod  ani 
ibSandad  teb  ^^§1^  u^  rnabi. 
wmA  tfadfar  pMouiMn  ^th  greit 
abitifef .  &it  wliilr  Mr^  Omt 
Ate  nVpoMd  tke  intenoHfl  tif  die 
GoMpMijy  ^  kept '  coiittiiitljr  in 
^km  itm  Imtellectiial  aad  momk 
w«nti  of  India;  ud  in  maadng 
tbiie  badnrcannntar  difficoldw 
i^VBHBcpectod  «■  thi^  were  estM« 
ovdiaaiyy  prtljoeoBnoiMd  Irf  ths 
ihtt|»  and  in  io«i0  iaoiaiioef  ariftng 
om  of  tile  iMit  nmfU'laing'  pBahi«' 
dMH  ia  tsffm  vi  ^e  i&dDo 
iBohli^,  Dvklclt  ime  coMrttinedr 
hy  Etmapmaa  cauteftii  widi 
IndiK  AnMg  liioia  who  C|^ 
MMd  to  dittnii  pHftflkeg 
ttfottrof  tlie  f&Rtoo  idolstrf /n 
te  onilwri  of  a0t«nl  pemptdets 
liwuilitod  at  tfa»  tane,  partJcDkttf 
dMiwtxtcniof  OM,  whidi  b0«ni  tbi^ 
■giialuie  of  ft  Bengal  officer ;  and 
oodiigtlHna  wboprofeasedto  en* 
tivtbin  tefaifair  ifae  penmmnieeof 
tba  Bxltiik  powtf  in  India,  were 
two  fwpifcAaibki  pwpfietort  dt 
Utia  aiDok  (one  of  wliom  waft  «f* 
n  fireetorV  and  who 
uAwanK  iivowedfy  to  oppose 
nuury  esarLions^  in  panq^MeCa- 
^vUcb baartkelrttaaM.  Theone 
P«»^  Tnaintained  tto  pority  of 
Aaistiemofalii,  and  the  harmless* 
QMaaf  the  Hindoo  ^atvMiter;  and 
the  other,  Ae  danger  of  noddling 
^UHiwtoDprejndiees.  Thecon^ 
^nmsrtsy  «o  which  t^  sol^ga^ 
Tom,  .was,  in  its  issud,  eminendy 
pMMtiv»«fAe  haMrests  of  Truth. 
Wiih  a  vkew  to  dispd  the  fean 
and  remove  the  prejudices  of  the 
^«wt»arisriooary  eiR)rtB>  ma^y 
^■IMtwit  docnments  were  pro- 
wad  and  laid  od  the  taUe  of  the 
Honaaof  CoBonMiis^diiefly  al  t^ 
""^^       «f  Ifc  Gmoh  sooh  a» 


^deitt  difibWDt  parti  of  india;  aff 
ike  impuf itiaa  andntibdtiaS  of  Jngw 
gainautt^alukof  the  great  eztent  00 
thewotsh^of  fiiatidolj  of  tllehB*^ 
hitval  fnliiihood  and'  dBdK>ate^  off 
tiie  Hindoos;  and/ on  the  oMim^ 
hapd^  of  the  kn^  undBstoihM 
aidilinee  of  CMOastnanty'  m  aonio 
parts  ctf  India ;  lastly,  Kbv  Chanl% 
ONirntinct^intalukd^OUwniikMU 
on  the  Gcnsnai  Stat&  of  •'flotiaiy 
maimg  iAm  AJikt&D  Ba^K^  ۤ 
(Bieat  Biilain  with  laipeat  t^04 
rals,  and  on  the  means  of  iiujohvi 
htt  it''  This  Talnahle  paper  #a8 
eaBed  finr  hythe  Honaeet  Ccaw 
siOB%  had  on  its  table,  sndaaAMft 
to  he  pifaitBd  for  tiie  nse  of  dw 
i^amhers,  on*  ihel^  of  Jana  lilS^* 
It  oonnnenoeff  with  a  itfk^  oif 
the  lirilJih  territorial  adninistintf 
tion  in  the  £a8t, -froaa  the  ibst  aei< 
qwiiiiiwn  cf  tesritey  ihenu'  il? 
Umo  exhihils  a  tma  pictm  of  1b9 
mond  eharactar  of  ^e  HindooSi 
sMj^pocted  and  ^ciMed  byu  gnM 
body  of  evidenee,  eTtraeted  ftonr 
the  printed  works  of  peiBans  who 
had  been  In  India;  an  maaiiiB^ 
tion  of  the  ctmses  of  that  chtMCtefr 
which  are  traoed  in  the  r^^ien  er 
sttpoMkioA  of  tiie  p^ople>  as  wd 
as  in  their  oorropt,  unequal,  an^ 
ddbdh^  laws,  and  hi  the  ahsort 
prerogatives  and  duties  of  the  na^ 
tive  magistracy.  In  entering  iMto 
the  measores  which  Great  Biitiidir 
ndgfat  adopt  for  the  removal  of 
these  evils,  and  die  imptovwient 
of  the  state  of  soeioty  in  India, 
Mr.  Giant  re^rs  t»  ^e  irttrodn <v 
tion  of  our  laitgnage  as  ft  drentu* 
stance  arisfaig  almost  necessarily 
oat  of  our  connexion  with  India, 
and'  whkh  rendered  exinrtftrty 
easy,  if  it  did  not  carry  along  wi* 
it,  the  introduction  of  mudi  of  our 
useiul  htentuie,  and  partioularhT' 
our  sacssd  Sov^ptftm.    Xowanb 


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23lt    KSnVAL  REGIiBTAI^  168^. 


ike  k8t  measme^  widiefoyimne 
dkeet  means  of  imptovementy  ludi 
as  schiDols  and  maaxna,  he  oonsi« 
dezed  it  incunibeDt  on  the  ccnxt  cf 
directttSy  to  numifest  at  least  a 
fHeodly  aspect,  and  with  reject 
to  education^  a  eo-opention.  Mr« 
Grant  felly  answers  the  several 
eibjections  which  had  been  made  to 
Interfisrenee  widi  the  reHgkni  of 
Hmdostan;  and  in  coi^adtBg 
this  valuable  paper  he  makes  the 
following  poiR^erfel  iqppeal  to  the 
Briti^  authorities  in  behalf  of 
iadiat 

'  *^  To  rest  in  the  present  state 
^  things,  or  to  detemine  that  the 
skoation  of  our  Amatic  sabjeots, 
and  our  oonnexiim  with  tiiem,  aae 
suoh  as  they  ought  to  betotJl 
time  to  eom^  seems  too  daring  n 
osnchiflSon ;  aiid  if  a  change,  a 
great  change  be  necessary,  no  rea- 
scm  canr  be  assigned  for  its  oom- 
mendement  at  any  feture  period, 
v^^iich  will  not  equally,  nay,  more 
stion^y  recomm^d  its  oommoiee* 
ment  now.  To  say,  that  things 
may  be  left  to  their  own  course, 
or  that  our  European  settlements 
may  move  a  sufficient  nursery  of 
menial  and  religious  instruction  for 
the  natives.  Will  be,  in  effect,  to 
deelare,that  there  shall  be  no  cd« 
leration,  at  least  no  eflbctual  aiul 
safe  one. 

''The  Mahomedans,  living  for 
eentiurbs  inteiqpnxed  in  great  num« 
bers  with  the  Hindoos,  produced 
no  radical  change  in  their  dia- 
racter;  not  merely  because  they 
rendered  themselves  disagreeable 
to  thdr  subjects,  but  because  they 
left  those  subjects  during  that 
whole  period,  as  uninstructed  in 
essential  points  as  th^  found 
them.  We  are  called  to  imitate 
the  Roman  conquerors,  who  civil- 
i«ed  and  improved  the  nations 
wlma  tbey  imbdiMdj  andweeia 


ariledto  lUs,  notefeiy  bf  i 
vious  wisdooi  which  dkctted  i 
policy,  but  by  loeal  i 
as  well  9a  ij 
and  higfaer  motives  thaDthsypo*- 
SBssed.  Tfae^no^bsafaoofan-i 
dem  European  natiniis  pw  m 
review  bwce  us.  We  m»  Iks 
fourth  of  those  vdio  havepasKasai 
an  Indian  enqpiie.  Thsit  cf  4« 
Portuguese,  thoo^  aoqoiied  li^ 
romantie  bnwefy>  was  nnsyatcniaiaB 
and  rapacious;  the  short  ona  of 
the  French  was  the  meteorof  a 
vain  ambition;  the  Dut^ 
upon  the  pi^rnqples  of  • 
eommerciBlpDliey ;  1 
which  they  apparently 
lor  a  time,  have  beem' the  cause  of 
their  dedine  and  ML     Noo»  cf 


iof^eir 


_it  to 
^emselves  in  thei 
acquired  subjects!,  or  ^  to  i 
mm  to  their  manners  ;  i 
subjects,  ftffiNnm  suppintiBg  tiicfl^ 
n^mced  in  their  defeat:  aana 
attempts  they  made  to  instraet  iht 
natives,  whidi  had  tiieir  mae;  hat 
sordid  views  ovcrwhdmed  disir 
offsets.  It  remains  for  us  to  show 
how  we  shall  be  distinguidied  froai 
these  nations  in  thehi^oryaf  nw»« 
land:  ^diethw  conquest  smJI  have 
been  in  our  hands  the  means^  net 
merely  of  di^ayin^  a  goveznmeBt 
unequalled  in  India  ror  aihrnnia^ 
trative  justice,  VindufiSj  and  mo- 
deration, not  merely  c^  inoeaaiBtt 
the  security  of  the  subject  aad 
proqperi^  of  the  countiy,  but  cf 
advancing  social  happineas^  of  tae- 
liorating  the  menu  .state^jf  maa^ 
and  of  extending  a  superior  l)gbc> 
further  tiian  the  Roman  eag^ever 
flew. 

'^  If  the  novelty,  theimpmctica* 
bility,  the  danger  of  llie  ppupoaed 
schone,  be  urged  against  it;  these 
objections  cannot  all  be-consiateat; 
aoa  UiQ  laa^  which  is  tin  osljoat 


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mSTORY  AND  HQGRAraT.     HA^ 


Ihii  ooqU  hvre  vniffit, 
BOMS  iiioeen.  In  soccei 
Ue  our  safety^  not  our 
Our  dfmger  must  lie  in  pursumg^ 
firam  ungneBoos  ends,  a  oouxw 
coatactod  and  illibenJ  ;  but  in 
fcUowinf;  an  cppoiite  oourse,  in 
coDumuuoaling  fa^^t,  knowledge^ 
and  improvement,  we  shall  otey 
the  dictates  c^  duty,  of  philan^ 
thropy,  and  of  policy;  we  shall 
take  the  most  rational  means  to 
vemove  inherent  great  disorders^ 
to  attach  the  Hindoo  pecnile  to 
aeaelves,  to  ensure  the  safety  of 
oar  possessions,  to  enhance  conti* 
ttually  their  ¥akie  to  U8»  to  raise  a 
£ur  and  durahle  monument  to  the 
glory  of  this  country,  and  to  in« 
>  the  happiness  of  the  human 


On  the  SSrd  July,  1818,  the 
act  of  padiament,  53  Geo.  III.  o. 
155,  commonly  called  the  Charter 
aet,  obtained  Uie  ro3ral  assent.  It 
is  well  known  that  tUs  statute, 
the  fruit  of  madi  and  laborious 
discussion,  e&cted  some  consider- 
aUe  dianges  in  the  East  India 
Company's  commercial  privileges, 
in  which  Bfr.  Grant  could*not  con« 
cur;  but,  on  the  other  hand,  it 
oontained  three  important  modifi- 
cations of  the  law,  which  were  in 
perfect  accoodanoe  with  the  senti* 
a^nts  and  reasoning  abovedetailed, 
and  the  attainment  of  which,  there 
can  be  no  doubt,  ought  in  justice 
to  be  ascribed,  in  a  conaderaUe 
dearee,  to  his  aeal  and  exertions. 

The  first  of  these  was  an  aug- 
mentation of  the  ecclesiastical 
establishment  of  British  India, 
and  the  institution  o£  a  Bishop's 
See  at  Calcutta;  the  second,  Uus 
privilege  granted  to  European, 
teachers  of  christian  morals,  or 
missionaries,  of  enjoyimzare^ulated 
access  to  the  natives  of  India;  and 


Tofdiesiimcr  cne  laekef 
fe  the  general  promotion  of  edu 
cation  among  than.  Theseiesul. 
appear  to  have  been  the  fruit  o 
a  series  of  wise,  persevering,  and 
pious  ea^erdons^  made  by  Mr. 
Charles  Grant,  with  a  view  to 
promote  and  secure  the  highest 
lumour  and  truest  inteiests  of 
Great  Britain  in  India;  vi£.  tfait 
consolidation  of  her  empire  theite^ 
by  the  inmrovement  of  the  inteU 
lectual  and  moral  oharacteff  of  bet 
subjects. 

Theonly  parliamentarymeasures 
of  a'date  subsequent  to  tibe  passing 
of  the  Charter*act  to  which  wo 
shall  advert,  in  consequencB  of 
the  part  Mr.  Grant  took  in  thasi, 
axe,  the  India  circuitous  trade  Ull^ 
which  paand  in  December  1813^ 
and  the  proposal  to  lay  open  the 
Chinatrade,inl8SO,1821.  From 
the  former  a  dause  allowing  the 
Canaries,  the  Cape  de  Verd  Uands^ 
and  the  Island  of  Madeira,  to  be 
used  as  ports  of  refreshment,  was 
at  his  instance  struck  out>  in  order 
Uiat  those  places  mi^  not  be 
made  d^pdts  of  India  goods,  to  the 
prejudice  of  the  Conqiany.  And 
Mr.  Grant's  exertions,  in  1820 
and  1821,  for  the  defence  of  the 
Companj^s  interests  in  their  China 
trade,  were  incessant,  and  their 
issue  successful.  He  bad  retired 
from  the  House  of  Commons  on 
account  of  his  advanciog  age  in 
I8I9.  He  was  nevertheless  ex« 
amined,  at  his  pwn  request,  upon 
this  subject,  before  the  LovdsT 
conunittees,  on  the  6th  and  13tk 
July,  1820,  and  26th  Feteuary 
and  5th  March,  1821,  and  before 
a  committee  of  die  House  of  Com« 
mons  on  the  l6th  and  ITtb  .^uril, 
1821.  The  testimony  which  he 
gave  upon  these  occasions  was  of 
considerable'  importance  to  the 
Conqpooy's  vaXws^i  awl  it  Wfti 


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^M*    AKl^tTAL  ftEOtStfift,  t6d3; 


mpMftofl'  tjr  ttdictnkicntt  fCnl^cted' 
and  pr^mrea  by  himself,  or  under 

g  immediate'  wreerintendance. 
completely  did  ^&.  Ghrant's  e^ 
denoe^andlSuitoitheotliermembeiv 
of  die  Oouit  ^o  were  esamiiied 
heidn  the  committee,  rebut  the 
dlmtiDiisoftiie  petitioners  against 
die  Compsny,  oiat  it  is  well  known 
B9  report  was  made  by  the  com* 
mitte^  in  the  ftm  session,  and  it 
IB  equally  certain  that  to  this  m<v 
ment'die  projected  mnovation  on 
the  China  tnde  remains  unaoeom* 
^iished  ;  while  the  historical  nar- 
Mtires^and  dUe  calculations,  which 
^  presented  to  parliament,  stand 
uncontradicted  upon  its  records^ 
ftir  die  future  rdfutation  of  any 
erroneous  allegations  whidi  may 
he  mide  by  pmies  opposed  to  die 
Company  in  this  branch  of  their 
traffic* 

^  Mr.  Orant^s  correspondence  and 
intercourse  were  unusually  exten« 
nve,  and  with  persons  of  the  first 
rank  and  connderation.  Upon 
almost  all  oocanons  he  received 
die  fullest  proofs  of  public  as  well 
as  of  private  confidence,  and  upon 
many,  esmressions  of  unusual  res- 
pect The  opinion  of  lord  Com- 
wallis  rmecting  him,  at  an  early 
period  of  his  pu Wc  lifb,  has  been 
ah^ady  adverted  to.  It  is  also 
cenerally  understood  that  lord 
Melville,  while  president  of  the 
board  of  commissioners  for  afiairs 
of  India,  not  only  recommended 
him  to  the  choice  rf  die  proprietors 
of  India  stock,  but  afterwards  in- 
vited him  to  become  a  member  of 
the  Bengal  council,  which  he  de- 
clined, from  motives  the  most 
disinterested  and  patriotic.  The 
proprietors  of  India  sto^  have 
diemselves  given  him  some  tokens 
of  their  special  fiivour.  Very  soon 
after  they  had  placed  him  in  the 
BitectioDi  they  suspended  one  of 


dieir  own  bye-mws,  to  cnsM6  Imn 
to  retain  a  eommerdd  estahlidi*' 
ment  which  he  had  fbmed  is  Iih 
dia.  In  Aprfl- 1807  they  plaoed 
him  in  the  Direction  by  a  very 
unusual  tes(|ority  ci  votes,  Mr. 
Grant's  name  standing  at  behead 
of  a  list  of  12  cawidflies,  wnh 
l,0f  S  votes  6ut  of  a  pityiletaiy  of 
less  than  1,900  persons:  midflinee 
his  dfeceate,  vi«.  on  the  17«ii  hsst 
d^yhave  resolved  to  oontmenoMe 
his  disdnguished  services  by  the 
Erection  of  a  monym^t  $tt  tho 
Con^n/s  expanse,  in  St- George's 
Churdi,  Bloomsbury. 
•  The  House  of  ConunoiiSE,  hi 
^hidi  he  sat  fbr  idxmt  17  y«M> 
vi£.  from  1802  to  1819>  (b^ 
two  years  for  "die  town,  and  ts* 
teen  for  the  county  of  Inverness), 
i^epeatedly  elected  him  on  com- 
mittees,  some  of  wlncli  were  liol 
connected  with  India  affidn.  He 
was  appointed  by  ifct  of  pariiunent 
(«T  Geo.  8,  cap.  34,  sect,  fi.)  ihie 
of  the  commissioners  fbr  tne  laAie 
of  Exchequer  bills,  and  In  1818 
was  dected  chairman  of  those  ooHH 
missioners.  He  waft  ilso  indnded 
in  the  commission  fbr  the  «^m)» 
priatioh  of  die  sum  of  £.1  fiOOfiOBr 
stcrKng,  granted  by  parfimciitfbr 
die  erection  of  new  Churdies. 

Among  mauT  private  testimo- 
nies to  his  worUi,  it  may  be  sufll" 
dent  to  refer  to  two,  g^iven  by 
poHdcal  opponents.  The  kte  slr 
PhiHp  Francis,  at  the  dose  of  a 
debate  on  India  affairs,  in  wUch 
he  had  been  deddefly  opposed  to 
Mr.  Grant,  dcchitedi  thset  no  nan 
in  EngLemd  had  a  higher  opiniaii 
of  his  moral  character  than  he 
had.  **  Upon  the  facts  in  qoeso 
don,"  m  Philip  added,  **di«e 
cannot  be  k  more  competcot  wit- 
ness, nor  any  human  evidence  kss 
to  be  suspected."  Another  opp^- 
BCttt,  Mr«  fioott  Wttingi  dsdued 


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HISTOair  AWD  ttOQHAmV.      ft8^ 


ihflt  iferOraAt  w«8  ^inoBpiibIe<)f 
iMeitii^wliftt  he  did  not  belief^ 
to  be  tniey  or  0f  deHrering  hk 
sendmento  on  a  subjeel  whidt  he 
did  not  understand." 

Although  Mr.  Grant  ever  consi- 
dered the  affiiirs  of  India  as.  his 
peculiar  pniFince,  and  an  suffidenl 
occupation  for  his  mind,  he  allov^i 
ed  himself  to  have  son^  other  pub« 
fie  engagemei^ ;    hlit  chiefly  in 
eonnection  whh  leligioos  or  benea 
voAent  ob^eds.     He  was  for  numy^ 
years  a  Diraotor  of  the  South  Sea 
CoBttaay.      He  was  a  member  oS 
the  Sodety  in  London  finrpvomot* 
kig  Ciinalian  Knowledge^  as  weU 
as  of  another  looiety  m  the  soaia 
name  connected  exdnsavely  ivith 
the    Highlands    and    Islaads   of 
Soollan£    He  waaeleeted  a  viea^ 
weaident    ef    the    British    and 
Foreign  Bible  Sodety  upon   ita 
inatitution^  in  1804,  and  was  at 
dififeren  t  subsequent  periods  chosen 
vke^piesiident  of  the  Bloomsboigr 
and  north-east  London  Auxiliary 
Societiea.     He  was  also  connected 
with  llie  Churdi  Missionafy  Soda-i 
ty.      To  many  other  associations^^ 
cf  a   religious  or  charitable  de^ 
acriptiim>  ho  afforded  the  sanotioa 
ef  his  name  and  the  aid  of  his  oon« 
tributkm. 

He  joixied  his  friend  Mr.  Wil« 
herforce,  io  1807>  as  a  member  of 
Ike  temporory  conunitteeof  gen^ 
tlenMtt  then  associated  with  a^w 
to  the  eatabUshment  of  the  African 
Inatitutioiu  To  their  labours  and 
efficiency  he  essentially  contribute 
ed  and  was  afterwards  chosen  one 
of  the  Directors. 

As  a  public  speaker  Mr.  Grant 
oonunanded  attention  in  debate 
by  «n  iStmet,  majestic,  and,  ia 
dm  lattor  yeecvs  of  his  IHe^  ^enerai- 
Ue  figure,  by  a  voice  deep  and 
maamoBt  nn  enundatien  clear  and 
diUliccate^  and  abofeall,  by  argiK 


ments  perspicuous  and  ceuvinciBg* 
He  accustomed^  himself  to*  ddhef 
his  sentiments  with  grafity,  and 
appeared  t6  expect  ihe  same  tem^ 
pel  in  his  auditory.  His  style  In 
writing  corresponded  with  that  of 
his  eloquence.  Cautious  and  deli- 
bceative  in  the  eaoawinatkm  of  his 
authotities,  his  references  to  writ- 
ten or  printed  documents  were 
cenendly  -  imansweiaUe.  At  a 
mend,  he  was  avdent  and  conib 
stent  Is  no  part  of  his  odndnet 
was  the  fimness  of  his  mind  mm 
apparent  than  in  the  innslability 
erhisfiiendflhips.  Tdthemm^iii 
eus  indxtiduals  who  enjoyed  his 
patronafle,  he  was  ahrays  aecesfll* 
Ue,  and  frank  in  his 
tions ;  and  his  kindness  to 
rarely  terminated  wtfi-a 
instance.  As  a  FhilanlluropiBti 
and  more  especially  as  a  Chrisdaiv 
Mr.  Grant  is  entitled  to  the  pnase 
of  eminent  consistent  and  aeaL 
The  decision  of  his  character  xOfe 
specting  religion  enabled  him  often 
to  surmount  such  opposition  to  hit 
benewdent  projects  as  would  haive 
overturned  the  purposes  of 'many 
other  men.  But  Mr.  Grants  ta 
the  last  moment  of  his  life,  retain* 
ed,  and  illustrated  in  bis  conduct, 
the  reli^ous  prind|des  andphifaaifi 
thromcd  views  which  he  luid  im* 
bibed  in  India. 

The  great  subjects  of  Chiistifln 
benevolence  v^ero  eVer  present  to 
his  understanding,  and  near  hia 
heart,  and  appeared  to  have  a 
powerful  influence  upon  his  a6* 
tions,  leading  him,  in  the  proieeUi' 
tion  of  Ins  multifariousoccu^ations^ 
to  travel  in  paths  into  which  the 
ordinary  details  of  business  woidd 
never  hsve  led  binu  Undef  some 
aspect  or  other  diey  were  almost 
constantly  be^ne  him,  and  are  b^ 
lieved  to  have  occupied. his  dose 
attention  within  a  Cbw  days»  aai 


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ANNUAL  ftE&i8TBByI828. 


oeoease. 

He  was  a  man  of  eztsaocdinary 
endowments,  employing  bis  great 
powers  to  the  best  of  purposes;  a 


man  of  wbom  it  may  be  tn^  ssid 
that  wbile  be  was  laborioas  xb  iSkit 
affidisof  tbislife^  ^'aUbiaaerioas 
tboQ^ts  had  rest  in  beaveo.* 


BiocnumoAL  Mxmoib  of  CHABLsa^FBAzcczs-DinnaaBit 
DuxocBiBa. 


CflARXiSB  -  FranfoiB  -  Dijqperier 
Dumouriea,  who  died  this  year  on 
the  14thof  Marchat  Tnrvill&^paik^ 
near  Henley-upon-TbameSy  in  bis 
85th  year,  was  bom  Jan.  25, 1739> 
of  noents  not  affluent,  although 
ablue.  His  father,  the  translator 
ef ''  Richiaxdetto/'  bestowed  on  bis 
Mn  a  very  careful  and  extensiye 
education.  After  bis  classical 
education,  in  which  be  bad  been 
my  suocessfiil,  be  entered  the 
aimy ;  where,  at  the  age  of  18,  be 
became  a  soldier,  and  made  bis  first 
campa^  against  the  same  duke  of 
Brunswick,  whom,  in  179S>  be 
drove  from  the  territory  of  France. 
He  distinguished  himself  in  sereral 
attacks,  adod  was  at  last  taken  pri- 
soner; but  not  till  he  was  covered 
with  wounds,  and  bad  lost  bis 
horse. 

At  the  age  of  twenty-two  be  had 
advanced  to  the  rank  of  captain ; 
possessed  the  cross  of  St.  Louis,  and 
bad  received  twenty-two  wounds. 

On  peace  being  made  in  1768, 
be  began  bis  travels,  to  study  the 
langi^es  and  manners  (^  dif- 
ferent nations.  He  travelled  in 
Italy,  Belgium,  Spain,  and  Por- 
tugal; and  pubHi^ed  a  work,  in- 
tituled, ''  Essay  on  Portugal,"  after 
whidi  be  returned  to  Paris  1767 ; 
wbei«  be  was  named  auie  marickalm 
general  of  the  army  destined  to  in- 
vade Corsica.  Having  served  with 
reputation  in  tbe  two  campaigns  of 
1708,  and  17^,  he  was  raised  to 
t]ie  rank  of  ooLnieL 


In  1770,  ibedukede  Choiseal 
amxnnted  bim  minister  to  die  eoo- 
federates  of  Poland;  and  beeon^ 
manded  a  body  of  men  in  that 
country  during  two  campa^gni^ 
and  condncted  several  very  impGct- 
ant  negotiations  with  vaxioiu  suc- 
cess. As  the  measures  of  llie  eon- 
federates  were  ill-oonoerted,  dieir 
revcdution  was  unfertunate  and 
ended  in  the  partition  of  Pdand. 

In  1 772>  the  marquis  of  Momtey- 
nard,  minister  of  war,  ewiployed 
bim  to  correct  and  revise  the  nsK- 
tary  code  of  laws :  at  the  end  of  ^ 
same  year  this  minister,  by  the  ex^ 
press  ordered  Louis  15th,  entmabed 
bim  widi  the  management  of  a 
secret  n^otiation  relative  to  the 
revolution  of  Sweden;  but  bav- 
mg  received  bis  instructions  on  dus 
afmir  immediately  firom  the  kii^ 
kimsdf,  and  unknown  to  the  dnke 
D'Aiguillon,  minister  of  fiirasn 
afiidrs,  who  bad  succeeded  the  duke 
de  Choiseul,  at  the  bhanffe  of  mxais- 
try,  be  was  arrested  at  Hamburgh 
in  1778,  and  conducted  to  the  bM- 
lille  by  the  orders  of  that  minister. 
The  irreedute  Louis  15fth  yieiding 
to  the  importunities  of  ma^ame  du 
Bany,  bis  mistress,  and  the  duke 
D'Aiguillon,  disgraced  Montey^ 
naid,  forbore  to  m^nrm  tbe  dnke 
of  ^  authority  he  bad  nven  him 
to  negoeiate,  and  suffiam  bim  to 
bear  ute  weight  of  a  criminal  prose- 
cution, which  theduke  lyAigniUoD, 
suspecting  the  trath,  feued  to 
carry  to  extitnaty.    He  iqeded^ 


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HISTORY  ANB  MQGHilPEy. 


mMtit  fijfiwMro  ODid  pioteciisii 
iicuide  him  by  this  deqpotk  minister^ 
and  after  lying  six  montliB  in  the 
Bastillev.be  wa^  baniahed  to  the 
Castle  of  Caen  for  thiee  months. 

Louis  15th  died 80(m after;  and 
D'Aiguillonwasdi^graced.  General 
Dumouri^  had  no  indination  to 
take  advantage  of  the  endration  of 
the  lettre  de  cachets  for  the  purpose 
ef  regaini]^  his  liberty ;  he  was 
anxjbus  to  be  completely  justified, 
and  therefore  petitijoned  hovas  1 6th 
to  order  a  revision  of  his  triaL 
The  king  haying  commanded  M. 
du  Muy,  M.  de  Vergennes,  and 
M*  de  Sartine  to  revise  the  inal, 
those  three  ministers  signed  a 
dedaration.  that  he  had  been  un« 
justly,  prosecuted.  Immediately 
afterwards  he  was  sent  to  Lisle,  in. 
his  rank  of  colonel^  to  make  a  re« 
port  reqpectinff  the  new  military 
manceuvres  i^iich  the  baron  de 
Pizsch  had  brought  &om  Prussia. 
He  had  also  a  commission  to  esuH 
mine  a  plan  for  improving  the 
i^viffation  of  the  river  Lys,  and 
another  plan  of  forming  a  harbour 
ip,  the  channel  at  Ambleteuse* 
These  employments  oecupied  the 
latter  end  of  the  year  1774,  and 
the  whole  of  .1775. 

In  17764  he  was  joined  in  a  com* 
mission  with  the  chevalier  D'CHsy, 
captain  of  a  man  of  war>  and  colo* 
ncd  la  Bozi^,  one  cf£  the  ablest 
engineers  in  Europe,  to  determine 
Qu  a  proper  place  in  the  channel 
for  the  construction  of  a  naval  port. 
He  passed  the  year  1777>  in  the 
country  twenty  leagues  from  Paris. 
At  the  end  of  that  year  he  was 
invited,  to  Paris  by  M.  de  Mont- 
bar^,  minister  of  war,  on  account 
of  the  rupture  between  England 
and  her  colonies,  wbich  he  had. 
1(H^  predicted. 

In  1778,  he  prooured  the  d£ce 
dT  poomaqdaut  of  Cherbourg  to 


be  veisved'  and  Mvai  -  to  l&iii^ 
Being  persuaded  Uiat  CheAdoi^ 
was  Mtter  calculated  than  any 
Other  place  in  the  channel  for  a 
national  harbour,  and  being  aided 
by  the  seal,  activity,  and  influenza 
of  the  duke  d'Haroourt,  govenyuc 
of  the  province ;  he  obtained  a  de« 
cinon,  m  favour  of  Cherbourg  of  a 

E*  n  tiiat  had  been  agitated 
a  hundred  years^  eono^m* 
e  preference  to  be  given  to 
C&rbourg  or  La  Hogue,  for  thq 
sito  of  a  naval  port.  From  thaft 
time  till  178%  he  was  occujpied  ii^ 
superintending  the  works  of  Cher«, 
bourg;.  and,  during  that  pem^ 
he  was  but  three  times  at  Paris. 
When  he  first  arrivedat  Cherbour^^ 
it  contained  no  more  than  seven 
thousand  three  hundred  inhabits 
ants,  and  when  he  quitted  ity  thegr, 
amounted  to  nearly  twenty  thou« 
sand. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  rsk 
volution  he  stayed  much  evil,  in 
the  place  where  he  commanded. 
At  Cherbourg  the  excesses  of  the 
populace  were  punished  by  him 
with  death  ;  but  still  he  ooidd  not 
be  accused  of  being  inimical  ta 
the  Hberty  of  the  people. 

The  miUtaxy  governments  of 
towns  in  France  l^ing  suppressed, 
he  went  to  Paris,  wh^,  dur- 
ing two  years,  he  studied  the  in« 
fluence  and  character  of  the  Revo« 
lution. 

In  1791,  he  was  appointed  to 
the  command  of  the  country  from 
Nantes  to  Bourdeaux.'  At  that 
period  a  relicious  war  raoed  in  La 
Vendee,  and  the  people  bid  waste 
the  castles  and  lands  of  the  nobi-i 
lity.  He  had  the  ffood  fortune  to 
cphn  the  minds  of  Uie  peci^le,  and 
to  preserve  tranquilliQr  m  that 
country  till  the  month  of  February 
1792,  when  he  was  recalled  to 
Paris,  was  raised  to  the  rankolt 


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tW    AinirUAL   REGIS T£1l,  Ifi23. 


iotiinfltvof  m^a  afibiie. 
.  At  tbe  end  of  tlir«e  montiifl^ 
findiBg  hioiwif  enbairasaadby  the 
fttfious  fbetioCM,  ssd  being  flia- 
eer^ly  diuuotu  to  see  the  longfs 
eoimdl  yoascMing  proper  d^nity^ 
and  kiBmeasareii  goieroedhyoomsd* 
ftitiaQBl  |»i»dple8>  be  ohai^;ed  the 
nsbttBtxy  lusd  obtained  a  ftonme 
Aat  tlie  king  would  aanefioa  two 
decrees  wbich  i^peared  expedient 
to  bk  seiVioo.  Th^  Up^  woold 
not  gmnt  bim  bis  p^misaion  ;  ^to 
^Biniitiy  was  again  dianged  ly  bis 
order,  and  genersd  Dumouriefl 
took  tbe  war  department  But, . 
soon  percetyine  that  tbe  court  liad 
deceived  bim,  he  reeoliped  not  to  be 
tbe  instrument  of  their  intrigues; 
and  gave  in  bis  resignation  three 
days  after  being  appointed  minister' 
of  war. . 

Lo\4^  was  two  days  before  be 
would  accept  of  bis  resignation, 
and  be  did  net  sufier  bim  to  de* 
part  widiout  expressing  tbe  deepest 

One  month  had  not  elapsed  after 
tlie  departure  of  the  minister,  for 
^e  army,  before  the  king  was  in- 
sulted; and,  at  the  end  of  the 
second  mon^,  be  was  a  prisoner  in 
theTen^lel 

Hie  enemy  entered  France  i 
tbe  leaders  of  the  revolution  re- 
venged themselYes  on  the  unfortu- 
nate Louis.  Dumouriez,  as  a  citi- 
zen and  a  general,  had  only  to  re- 
pulse the  enemy,  in  the  expecta- 
tion that  their  retreat  would  lessen 
the  dtuimr  which  surrounded  the 
king.  There  was  still  reason  to 
thinJ:,  that  l^e  excesses  of  the  re- 
Wutionists  mij^t  be  checked. 
Dumouriez  refused  to  follow 
Laft^ette'a  premature  example, 
and  he  succeeded  bim  in  the  com-' 
inand  of  the  army  of  the  north.  He 
marched  with  a  few  soldiers  i^inst 


file  P^ttsbft  inaqr>  rf  daoit 
ICOflOO  msKk  s^ong,  and  I7  dit 
most  ei^evt  manctuTre^  emtod 
their  march,  took  their  itwngMt 
positionik  and  wrote  to  the  smb- 
bly,  **  Vindun  is  taken:  \  wai( 
for  the  Pruasbns.  TheUileior 
the  Argonne  are  the  Thermopjrk 
of  France ;  but  I  shall  be  bs^ 
than  Leonidas."  In  tnith,  iAt 
wery  few  days  the  inTadea  hd 

The  genius  of  Dumoanei 
changed  in  this  campaign  the  do* 
tinies  of  France  and  of  £uroe. 

His  prudence  had  obtainea  hk 
the  victory  almost  without  a  eaoi- 
bat,  and  Dumouries  flew  to  oppoK 
other  enemies,  and  to  diipkj  1 
very  varied  talent  On  the  p^ 
of  Jemappes  be  gained  a  deeiflve 
rictonr,  and  the  standaids  of  Fnnee 

soon  floated  ova?  all  Belgiun. 

After  these  events,  fenenl 
Dumouriea  returned  to  Pin^ 
whare  the  trial  of  Louis  rOdi  hi 
already  commenoed»  HebaA  Httle 
doubt  of  saving  Louis  l64.  He 
had  sent  a  certain  number  d)^ 
officers  to  Paris,  to  feciHtatethis 
demgn,  and  depended  on  the  «>• 
operation  of  a  part  of  tbe  Awaritfr» 
and  of  the  population.  All  hii  ei^ 
pectations deceived  him;  aiidL<wi> 
l6th  perished* 

The  general  retired  to  the  emm- 
^during  theseborrible  days ;  M 
soon  afber,  found  no  place  of  wftty 
but  at  the  head  of  hu  armr.  He 
had  now  no  hope  of  saving  hit 
country  from  the  monsters  wbo 
governed.  Hjb  army  was  alone 
capable  of  bringing  back  Ac  revo- 
lution to  its  proper  limits.  But 
the  Convention  had  ascertained  the 
intmtions  of  general  Duin<«A«> 
and  though  they  dared  neidier*' 
dismiss  bun,  nor  to  aec^tof  hisre- 


signation,vr  uuui  uo  vuvrcu^wg..— 
again.    They  endeavoured  to**' 


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HISTORt  AND  BIOGtlAl^HY.      «41» 


troy  the  lote  liis  troops  hare  to 
Mm,  as  well  as  tlieir  confidence  in 
him.  The  commi^ariat  supplies 
failed — the  invaded  provinces  were 
exhaosted — all  his  resources  dimi* 
nished — ^in  order  to  encourage  in- 
subordination, and  to  prepare  fbr 
the  overthrow  of  this  general, 
whose  renown  was  alarming. 
These  measures  were  put  into  exe- 
cution with  such  eflect,  that,  in 
spite  of  the  most  prudent  precau- 
tions and  most  useful  combinations, 
Dumouriez  failed  in  a  campaign, 
which  was  the  last,  and  might  have 
been  the  most  important. 

Greneral  Dumouriez  hastened  to 
treat  with  the  prince  of  Coburg  for 
the  evacuation  of  Belgium,  and 
very  soon  after  obliged  him,  by  a 
new  treaty,  to  req)ect  the  French 
territory ;  whilst  he  himself  deter- 
mined to  lead  his  soldiers  to  the 
capital,  to  disperse  its  tvrannical 
legislators,  to  save  the  family  of 
the  unfortunate  monarch,  and  to 
re-establish  the  constitution  of 
1791«  The  anarchy  of  the  govern- 
ment was  to  be  reformed  by 
Frenchmen  alone;  and  it  was 
only  in  case  of  Dumouriez's  want 
of  sufficient  forces,  that,  at  his  de- 
mand, the  prince  of  Coburg  was 
to  furnish  v?hat  he  should  require, 
while  the  remainder  of  the  army 
of  the  enemy  should  remain  on  the 
frontiers. 

The  Convention  being  instantly 
Informed  of  all,  by  some  of  the  of- 
ficers, summoned  the  general  to  their 
bar,  and  sent  police  officers  to  arrest 
him.  He  determined  upon  arrest- 
ing the  police  officers  himself,  and 
deuvered  them  up  to  the  prince  of 
Coburg,  as  hostages  and  gua- 
rantees for  the  safety  of  the  royal 
family. 

General  Dumouriez  issued  his 
orders ;  but  many  of  his  generals 
neglected  to  execute  them,  and 

Vol,.  LXV, 


iome  even  refxised.  The  army, 
to  which  t3ie  Convention  had, 
sent  its  spies,  was  carried  away ; 
the  general  was  obliged  to  leave 
them,  and  to  take  rdnge  at  the 
head  quarters  of  the  enemy. 

Afterwards  he  found  an  asylum 
in  Switzerland,  andtherepublished 
a  volume  of  his  "  Memoirs,"  which 
toon  obtained  him  many  fKends : 
but  Switzerland  was  too  near  to 
France,  and  was  about  to  yield  to 
the  latter.  The  general  was  obliged 
to  fly:  he  went  to  Hamburgh.  The 
Landgrave  Charles  of  Hesse-Cassel, 
fkther-in-law  of  the  king  of  Den- 
mark, bought  an  estate  in  Hol« 
stein,  of  wmch  he  was  the  governor ; 
furnished  it,  placed  horses  and 
a  carriage  in  the  stables,  and  went 
in  search  of  his  friend ;  whom  he 
conducted  to  this  retreat.  *  This 
is  yours,"  sMd  he,  "  I  am  sorry  it 
is  not  in  my  power  to  offer  you 
more    than    a    pension    of   400 


louis !" 

England 
where  the 
him  with 
An  illness 
companied 
physical  decline, 
impair    his    fine 


was    his  last  home, 

government   received 

generous    hospitality. 

m  a  few  days,  unac- 

with   pain  —  a  rapid 

which   did  not 

understanding. 


or  his  generous  spirit^ — bore  him 
away,  m  the  midst  of  religious  con- 
solations, from  the  cares  of  his 
friends  already  become  his  children. 
On  the  day  of  his  death  he  rose  at 
eight  o'clock ;  as  usual  he  lay 
down  at  twelve,  at  the  desire  of 
his  medical  attendant ;  and  breath- 
ed his  last  at  twenty-five  minutes 
past  two. 

He  was  short  in  stature,  but 
well  formed ;  his  countenance  was 
agreeable ;  his  eyes  sparkling  with 
brilliancy  even  to  the  last ;  he  was 
full  of  kindness  and  gaiety,  and  his 
mind  was  enriched  with  varied  and 
extensive  knowledge;  he  under- 

Q  * 

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242»    ANNUAL   REGISTER,   1823. 


stoodiuid  qKike several  languages; 
his  spirit  was  most  generous^  so 
generous  as  often  to  cause  his  em- 
barrassment:  and  his  sensibility 
often  found  vent  in  tears  wh^i 
calamity  was  reported  to  him,  and 
when  he  was  severed  from  a  friend. 
He  had  many  friends :  one  of  the 
dearest  died  three  years  ago,  and 
not  a  day  since  had  he  failed  to 
weep  for  him — ^he  spoke  of  Edward 
continually.  He  was  the  duke  of 
Kent;  and  now  they  are  re- 
united 1 

This  most  extraordinary  man 
stood  at  one  period  of  his  life  on 
(he  very  pinnacle  of  triumphant 


glory.  His  feats  as  a  vnrnat  fill 
some  splendid  pages  of  modem  his- 
tory ;  his  name  was  a  charm  whidi 
gathered  round  it  all  the  enthu- 
siasm of  millions;  and  he  died  in 
exile,  as  if  to  contrast  the  damour- 
ous  noise  of  popularity  which  ac- 
companied his  early  career^  with 
the  calm  stillness  of  solitude  whi<^ 
surrounded  his  bed  of  death.  Hift 
temper  was  singularly  frank  and 
generous ;  his  aroctions  warm  and 
cordial;  his  conversation  full  of 
strength  and  ^irit,  diversified  with 
a  variety  of  knowledge,  and  re^ 
markable  discrimination  of  cfaa- 
ructer. 


Savarit's  Account  of  ike  Death  of  the  Due  D'Enohien. 


Tu£  memoirs  of  the  duke  of 
Rovigo  (general  Savary),  formerly 
minister  of  police  under  Buona- 
parte, have  been  published  the 
present  year.  The  person,  who 
was  supposed  to  have  most  reason  to 
dread  the  appearance  of  this  work, 
was  Talleyrand.  It  has  been  said, 
that  he  waited  on  Louis  18th,  and 
begged  of  him  to  interfere  to  pre- 
vent the  publication.  His  majesty 
sent  for  Savary,  and  asked  a  sight 
of  his  manuscript,  which,  after 
having  carefiilly  perused  it,  he 
returned  tq  the  author,  with  the 
observation  that  he  saw  no  rea- 
son for  withholding  the  state- 
ments from  the  public  These 
memoirs  disprove,  as  far  as  they 
deserve  credits  the  imputations  cast 
on  himself  and  Buonapjirte  re- 
specting the  death  of  the  duke  of 
Knghicn,  and  leave,  by  implication, 
the  odium  on  Talkyrand.  The 
circumstance,  which  induced  Buo- 
naparte to  order  a  party  of  troops 
jto  Ettenheim  to  arrest  the  duke, 
is  said  to  have  been  the  supposition, 
that  he  had  been  in  ]*aris,  and  en- 


gaged in  the  plot  with  Geoige8» 
Cadoudel,  and  others.  One  of  the 
conspirators  had  stated  in  his  exa- 
mination, that  a  person,  to  whom 
the  greatest  respect  was  shown, 
often  appeared  among  them.  The 
duke  d'Eng^ien  was  believed  to  be 
this  mysterious  personage;  and  the 
object  of  his  arrest  is  alleged  to 
have  been,  to  ascertain  that  &ct  by 
bringing  him  to  Paris,  and  con- 
fronting him  with  the  persons  who 
had  been  examined.  It  turned  out 
at  last,  that  the  person^  to  whom 
so  much  respect  was  paid,  was 
Pichegru.  Savary  had  nothing  to 
do  with  the  expedition  to  Etten- 
heim. He  had  just  returned  from 
a  mission  in  Normandy,  when  the 
prince  was  brought  to  Paris. 
Buonaparte  sent  for  him  to  Mal- 
maison,  and  made  him  the  bearer 
of  a  letter  to  Murat,  who  was  then 
governor  of  Paris.  Talleyrand, 
the  minister  for  foreign  affidrs,  was 
just  lea>'ing  Murat's  hotel  as  Savazr 
entered.  Murat,  after  reading  the 
letter,  told  Savary  to  hold  himself 
in  rcatlino^'^  for  orders,  which  would 


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HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY.'     243* 


be  traftamiited.  '  He  did  in  fiust  re- 
ceive orders  to  repair  at  10  o'clock 
that  night  with  a .  brigade  of  in- 
fantry to  Vincenjies.  It  was  not 
until  he  arrived  at  this  destination 
that  his  orders  had  any  relation  to 
the  duke  d'Enghien.  The  mentr 
bera  of  the  military  commission 
had  assembled  in  the  great  hall  of 
the  palace.  The  doors  were  open, 
and  .any  one  who  pleased  nu^t 
have  entered.  The  prioce  was  in 
the  presence  of  the  commission 
when  Savaiy  arrived,  and  was 
speaking  warmly  to  his  judges. 
When  pressed  for  an  explanation 
respecting  his  intentions,  he  said, 
"  I  had  proposed  to  the  English 
government  to  take  service  in  its 
army,  asid  was  answered  that  it 
could  not  be  given  me,  but  that  I 
ou^t  to  stop  on  the  Rhine,  where 
I  would  soon  have  a  part  to  per- 
form, and  I  did  stop  there.  1  have 
nothing  more  to  say."  When  the 
proceedings  w^e  concluded,  the 
hall  was  aeared,  and  tl^  commis- 
Moners  continued  in  deliberation ; 
after  which  the  sentence  was  pro- 
nounced. The  officer,  who  com- 
manded the  infantry  of  Savary's 
legion,  then  informed  him  that  he 
was  required  to  furnish  a  piquet 
for  the  execution  of  the  sentence. 
The  piquet  was  accordingly  sup- 
plied, and  the  reason  the  fosse  of 
the  castle  was  selected  for  the 
sanguinary  transaction  was,  that 
there  was  the  least  chance  of  any 
other  person  than  the  victim  being 
wounded.  After  the  execution 
Savary  proceeded  to  Paris.  Near 
the  barrier,  he  met  M.  Real,  on  his 
way  to  Vincennes,  and  in  his  cos^ 
tumeof  councillor  of  state.  Savary 
asked  hiin,  whither  he  was  going? 
He  repHed,  that  he  had  received 
orders  to  go  to  Vincennes  to  in- 
UiTogate    the    duke    d'£nghien. 


Savary  told  the  councilor  of  stiit^ 
ivhat  had  happened,  and  tihey  were 
mutually  astom^ed.  Thecircum* 
stance  of  meeting  Talleyrand  at 
Murat's  now  struck  Savary  very 
forcibly,  and  excited  his  suspicion 
of  some  intrigue.  He  hastened  to 
Mahnaison,  to  inform  the  first  con- 
sul of  what  had  taken  fdaoe. 
Buonaparte  could  not  conceive  it 
poBsiUe,  that  the  triid  and  con- 
demnation could  have  taken  place 
before  the  arrival  of  M.  Real.  He 
observed  that  Real  was  ordered  to 
examine  the  duke  on  a  point  which 
it  was  important  to  clear  up,  and 
concluded  by  saying — "  Here  is  a 
crime  whidi  leads  to  nodiing,  and 
which  tends  only  to  render  me 
odious."  Thus  the  greet  object  in 
seiiring  the  duke  d'Enghien,  to  as- 
certain, whether  he  was  the  mys- 
terious personage  who  had  appeared 
in  Paris,  vras  disappointed.  SavaiT 
says  that  he  was  not  to  have  been 
put  upcm  trial  until  he  was'redc^ 
nised  upon  being  confronted  vnth 
the  parties  implicated  in  the  eoii- 
spiracy  ;  but  it  was  not  until  aftdr 
the  execution,  that  Pidiegru  n^as 
discovered  to  be  theperschi  alluded 
to  by  the  witnesses.  M.  Real  ahib 
had  a  conference  on  the  subject  at 
Malmaison,  and  to  him  Buonaparte 
expressed  regret  at  the  event,  and 
indignation  at  the  conduct  of  Tbl* 
leyrand.  Nevertheless,  it  was 
thought  prudent  to  keep  secret  the 
circumstances  of  this  extracnrdinary 
cas<s.  The  sentence  of  the  military 
commission  was  inserted  in  tlie 
'*  Moniteur,"  without  any  explana- 
tion. Whether  this  was  done  from 
pride,  or  tliat  it  should  not  appear 
to  Europe,  at  the  momentanew  war 
was  about  to  commence,  that  the 
germs  of  discord  existed  in  the 
country,  Savary  does  not  pretewl 
to  determine. 


Q*2 


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tli<^    ANNUAL  REGISTERS   1188. 


ftiemT4BT  DAVum'e  Aooomn  ^  mkai  pauei  Mmw  QiiM 
£iiUi*MT«  and  kirn  ctmceming  tie  Exbootiox  qf  Qubbm  Mait, 
.  >0M  O^  #^:f»uig  qfihe  Warram.    Feb.  20, 15S& 

[TalMD  from  the  Cottonian  MS.  and  published  in  Harris's  life  of  Daiison.] 


AmB  that  liie  aefitoKo  asaiiut 
die  Soottidi  queen  was  passed,  and 
anbsctibed  by  the  lords  and  othen 
Ab  eommissionen  appointed  to  her 
trud,  and  that  liar  majes^  hod 
notified  the  same  to  the  world  by 
her  prDdamation  according  to  die 
statute,    thofe  remained  nothing 
bat  her  warrant  undmr  the  great 
seal  of  England,  for  the  perfbrmmg 
and  aooomplishing  of  her  execution, 
which  whesr  some  instance  as  well 
•f  the  Lords  and  Commons  of  the 
whole  parHament  then  assembled, 
aa  of  oUiers  of  her  council  and  best 
s&cted  subjects,  it  pleased    her 
nunestf  at  lengdi  to  yi^  imto, 
and  thereupon  gate  order  to  my 
lord  treasurer  to  prqjeot  the  same, 
whkh  he  sicccndingly  performed, 
and  with  her  majesty's  privity  left 
m  my  hands  to  procure  her  signa« 
tnre;  but  by  reason  of  the  presence 
of  the  French  and  Scottish  ambas- 
ladon^  then  suitors  for  her  life,  she 
Ibrebme  the  signing  thereof  tiU  the 
ikat  of  February,  which  was  some 
Hsw  days  after  theirdeparture  home. 
At  what  time  her  majesty  upon 
•ease  eonferance  with  my  lord  ad^ 
mieal  of  the  great  danger  she  oon- 
timiaHy  lived  in,  and  moved  by  his 
ki^dihip  to  have  some  more  regard, 
to  the  surety  of  herself  and  state 
than^e  seemed  to  take,  resolved 
ta  drfer  the  said  execution    no 
IflOffer;  and  thereupon  gave  his 
lardahip  orders  to  send  for  me  to 
bring  the  warrant  unto  her  to  be 
aign^,  which  he  forthwith  did  l^ 
a  messenger  of  the  chamber,  who 
ftund  me  in  the  park  (whither  I 
had  n^wly  gone  to  take  the  air), 
whereupon,   returning  back   im- 
mediately witb  him,  I  went  di« 


rectly  up  into  the  privy-^hamlxr, 

where  his  lorddiip,  attending  Wf 

coming,  dnooursed  untomewlnt 

^leeoh  had  passed  that  monmg 

betwixt    her    msjesty  and  him, 

touching  the  justice  agsinst  fke 

said  Scottish  queen ;   and  ftasDj 

told  me  hew  she  was  now  Mf 

resolved  to  proceed  to  the  aeoon* 

plishing  thereof,    and  had  codh 

mandedhim  to  send  expreidyfot 

me  to  bring  die  warrant  unto  ber 

tobasiffned,  thatitniigfatbefivtb- 

with  dispatched  and  defendi  u 

longer^    According  to  wUdi  fr 

rection,  I  went  immediately  to  Vf 

diamber  to  fetdi  the  said  wansit 

and  other  diings  touchii^  her  lo^ 

vice;  and  returning  up  again,  KBt 

in  Mrs.  Brooke  to  signify  my  Ung 

diere  unto  her  majesty,  who  pre* 

sently  called  for    Ate.      At  07 

coming  in,  her  highness  first  ds* 

mandmff  of  me  whether  I  had  beea 

abroad  diat  fair  morning,  adrUag 

me  to  use  it  of^ener,  and  Iepf^ 

bending  me  for  the  neglect  Aerrf, 

with  odier  Hke  gracious  qieech^ 

arguing   a    care    of  my  heslA, 

fiimlly  asked  of  me  wluit  I  1m^ 

in  my  hands  ?     I  answered,  di«» 

warrants  and  other  diings  to  te 

rigned  that  coneemed  her  sernet. 

She  enquired  whether  my  lord  rf- 

miral  had  not  given  me  orfir  ^ 

bring  up  the  warrant  for  the  Scflt* 

tish  queen's   execution  ^     I  f^ 

s wered  yes ;  and,  thereupon,  aaBsg 

me  for  it,  I  delivoed  it  intokr 

hands,  after  the  reading  whefrfi 

she,  oalHng  for  pen  and  ink,  agaed 

it,  and  Is^g  it   firom  her,  d^ 

mended  of'^me  whether  I  were  J^ 

heardly  sorry  to  see  it  done?   IV 

answer  was,  that  I  was  »  ftro^ 


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fllSTOKF  Alf D  BIOdfEAPHT.      24««: 


id  of 


Aecahad* 
or  otherwuB 


m 


d^or 
an^,  or  ottierwuB  non 
In  any  sort  after  Uht 
Uood  of  this  nslhamy  lady  in 
paxticiilar^  at  I  could  not  but  be 
nartily  griofsd  to  tUnk  tiiat  ono 
of  licr  ptecerand  quaBty,  and  otheiw 
viae  io  nenr  unto  het  tmjegtf, 
akmld  five  to  gnat  CMiaa  at  Am 
kad  done  to  take  this  lesoiutioa* 
Botwaiafft^  hit  of  thatmaev 
thgcatcned  her  ms^mfB  inAf 
vu^,  thtrelbiey  tbiaaetof  hersr  in 
all  flRttf  ofinioiia,  of  that  iuiCMe 
and  neoanity^  diat  ihe  oovld  not 
Aafisr  it  without  ^  mani£»t  wvong 
and  daacer  of  herself  and  the  whcde 
ledm,  I  oodd  not  he  SDRy  to  seo 
her  tahn  an  honovraUe  and  just 
aosfse  of  asettring  ^e  ofie  and  the 
•dier,  as  he  duit  preferoed  tiie 
dttdi  of  Aa  guilty  befim  the  in* 
BooeBt;  whidi  anawer  her  hiflh* 
aass  approving  widi  a  sBiilnig 
QOHitenance,  pMBed^finmthematter 
WbA  iAb  what  dse  i  hadto  ogn^ 
andy  ttiereBpon^  oonstmg  unto  her 
ssBW  odvr  waifants  and  inatme* 
tRHU  touduaff  her  service^  it 
fisaaedhqr,  mA  the  best  cB^xmI^ 
tiaa  and  wiUtagnesff  that  might  hev 
ta  diipateh  Aem  aU.  AfWthai 
ihe  coaintaadcd  ne  to  carry  it  l» 
Afl  and,  andtoffiveniy  lorddwD* 
asHor  special  oroer  from  her  to  «e 
it  aa  secretly  as  nielitbe>  lest  the 
divulging  thereof  eefeie'  the  ex* 
ecotnn  ndg^it,  as  she  pielfeaded, 
iacrease  her  danger.  And  m  my 
way  tc^ny  knd  dkanedlor  her  pleib^' 
sve  also  was,  tiiat  I  should  visit 
sir.  Seeretary  WalsiD^ham,  beinj^ 
then  mk  at  hi*  House  in  London, 
mB  onBBBumBBce  ue  nunBcr  wn& 
yoBK,  because  the  grief  theiesf 
^aonear  (as  lAie  merrily  said)' 
i>  him  outright,  where,  t4ifcif^ 
I*  to  repeat  unto  me  some 
wiiy  die  had  deferred  the 
flFbag^aaaaasly,  tehar 


10  Ida  ] 


htfueu/ssalte,  tfiat  the  woridmight 
see  that  die  had  not  been  vixdendy 
or  nsMeiousfy  diawn  thereio^  Ae 
Qondoded  that  die  never  was  so 
31  advised  as  not  to  see  and  appre* 
heoded  her  own  danger,  sad  the 
naoesdty  she  had  to  proosed  to  tUa 
CBOCtttionri  And  tliereopon  (aftw 
some  intansdngled  ^eech  to  and 
ho),  tM  me  that  she  would  have 
it  done  as  seoetly  as  mi^^t  bo^ 
appoiAtittf  dke  hatt  where^die  waa 
fcr  the  place  of  exeeotion;  and 
midiking  the  eoort,  or  gtwA  of  litf 
castla  mr  divers  rejects,  ^e  A* 
Imd,  with  other  speedi  to  ISkm 
e&et;  howbeil,  as  I  was  ready  t9 
depart,  tke  Ml  into  some  omn^ 
pioint  of  dr  Amies  Ptedst  a«d 
odiers,  that  might  Imve  eased  her 
01  this  borUieu,  waaiwtg  that  BkK 
Secretary  and  I  would  yet  wrto 
unto  both  him  aad  sir  Drue  Drory^ 
to  sound  their  disposition  m  that 
behalf.  And  alb^  I  hadbefecw 
excused  myself  irom  meddnny 
llierBin,  upon  sundry  her  nrnjesty^ 
finwer  motions,  as  a  nnitter  I 
utterly  prejudged,  assorinip  her 
tihat  it  diould  be  so  mtieh  MMnr 
lost;  hnowing  tfhe  wisdom  and 
integrity  of  die  gendemen,  whom 
I  thouchtwouMnotdosannkwfiBd 
an  act  for  any  respect  in  the  world  ; 
yet  finding  her  desuous  to  have 
the  matter  attempted,  I  ptomiiedy 
for  her  satisfyinfi^  to  dgrdfy  iftda 
her  pleaaore  to  Mr;  Secret8ry>  and 
so  for  that  time  leaving  her,  wedi 
down  direcdy  to  my  lord  treasurer, 
to  whom  I  did  oommnmcate  tne 
said  vmrrant  njned,  together  wira 
suchodierpartfeulars  ashadpamed 
at  l^et  thtMf  befwizt  her  bigness 
and  me.  The  ame  afternoon  I 
waited  on  my  lord  chancellor  fef 
the  seafing  of  the  ndd  wnrrant. 
aeeofdmff  to  her  mijesty's  direo*« 
tfon,  which  WES  done  between  dio 
sf  foor  and  t?s^  ^sem 


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a>IQ*    All NUAL  REGISTER*  18dS. 


wKehoe  I  returned  back  unto 
Mr.  Sei^retary  Walsinghaniy  whom 
I^  bad  Tinted  by  the  way«  and  ac-> 
quainted  with  her  pleasure, 
toudiing  letters  that  were  to  be 
written  to  the  said  sir  Amias  Paulet 
attd  sir  Drue  Drury,  whidi  at  my 
return  I  foimd  r^y  to  be  sent 
away.  The  next  morning  about 
ten  of  the  clocks  being  in  London, 
Mr.  William  Killegrew  came  unto 
me  from  her  majesty  with  this 
message,  that  if  I  had  not  been 
with  my  lord  chancellor,  I  should 
finrbear  to  go  unto  him  till  I  had 
rooken  ag^  with  herself;  but 
U»t  meaaaffe  coming  out  of  season, 
I  returned  him  Iwck  with    this 

rinl  answer^  that  I  would  be  at 
Court  aa  soon  as  himself ^  and 
f've  her  ma|eaty  an  account  what 
.haddone.  At  my  coming  to  her> 
she  demanded  of  me  whedier  the 
warrant  were  passed  the  seal  ?  I 
t4dd  her  yes.  She  asked  what 
needeth  that  haste  ?  I  answered, 
that  I  had  therein  made  no  more 
haste  than  herself  commanded,  and 
my  duty  in  a  case  of  that  moment 
required^  which  as  I  take  it  was 
not  to  be  dallied  with.  But  me 
thiuketh,  saith  she,  that  it  might 
have  been  otherwise  handled  for 
theform,  naming  unto  me  some 
that  were  of  that  opinion,  whose 
judgments  she  commended.  I  an- 
swered, that  1  took  the  honourable 
and  just  way  to  be  the  safest  said 
best  way,  if  they  meant  to  have  it 
done  at  oU ;  whereto  her  majesty 
relying  nothing,  for  that  time  left 
me  and  went  to  dinner.  From  her 
I  went  down  to  Mr.  Vice«cham* 
herlain,  with  whom  I  did  com- 
municate the  said  warrant,  and 
otherparticulars  that  had  passed 
betwixt  her  highness  and  me, 
touching  the  cu^tch  thereof, 
yfhsBfKe,  fiilling  into  a  rehearsal  of 


betraying  a  di^)O8iti0n  to  dmw 
the  burthen  firom  herself ,  if  Vy  asy 
means  she  might,  and  rememberiiig 
unto  him  the  exunple  of  herdealia^ 
in  the  case  of  the  duke  of  Norfolk's 
execution,  whidi  she  had  kM 
heavily  upon  my  lord  treaaiser 
fen*  a  long  tune  aAer ;  and  hm 
much  her  disavowing  of  tha  jus* 
tioe  was  more  to  be  feared,  coa* 
giderinffthe  timouvemess  of  ho 
sex  fljod  nature,  the  quality  of  tk 
person  who  it  oonoemed,  asd  re> 
ispcct  of'  her  friends,  with  maif 
G^her  circumstances  that  -  wi^ 
further  and  incline  her  thtrBuatOy 
1  finidly  UM  him  that  I  was  €v 
mine  ovm  part  fully  resolved,  not- 
withstanding the  directions  that  I 
had  received,'  to  do  nothsD^  thsl 
might  give  her  any  advantage  ti 
cast  a  burth^i  of  so.  great  wd^ 
upon  my  single  and  weak  shoulden; 
and,  therefore,  having  done  •• 
much  as  belonged  to  >  ray  pift» 
would  leave  to  him  and  othen  si 
deeply  interested  in  the  suiety^ 
her  majesty  and  the  state  as  myseK 
to  advise  what  course  should  ns* 
be  taken  for  aocompliahing  the  ttd; 
who,  as  near  as  I  remember,  p^ 
me  this  answer,  that,  as  he  w** 
heartily  gkd  the  matter  wai 
brought  thus  far,  so  did  he  for  hit 
own  part  wish  him  hanged  tki 
would  not  join  with  me  in  the  fu^ 
theranee  thereof ;  betngaeau»ii> 
much  importing  Uie  common  isfi^ 
and  tranquillity  of  her  majesty  ^ 
the  whole  r&tim.  And  89,  «ft* 
some  little  'speech,  resolved  to  ^ 
together  to  my  lord  treasuierto 
confer  thereof  with  his  Imdihl^ 
as  we  immediately  did,  and  theie 
agreed  for  the  better  a»d  n0» 
honourable  proceeding  theieiaf  J* 
)xe^  the  matter  with  the  l<«d* 
and  others  of  her  najoB/by'^of^ 
being  as  deeply  interested  ^J*^ 
(am  Md  dtt^  tt  ounrirci^^  tt"'^ 


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HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY.      24f» 


the  mean  time  his  lordship  took 
utpon  him  the  chtorge  to  project  the 
letters  that  ^ould  he  written  to 
the  etack  and  others  to  whom  the 
afofresaid  warrant  was  directed. 
The  next  morning,  having  made  a 
drmight  of  them,  he  sent  for  Mn 
Vioe-chamherlain  and  me  to  im« 
part  the  same  unto  us ;  upon  the 
reading  whereof,  Mr.  Vice-cham- 
berlain findingthem  very  particular, 
and  such  as  in  truth  the  warrant 
could  not  bear,  shewed  his  mislike 
of  them  as  he  that  seemed  to  doubt 
more  than  he  discovered;  whare* 
upon  his  lorddiip  ofierins  to  pro- 
ject others  more  general  against 
the  afternoon,  it  was  resolved,  in 
the  mean  time  to  warn  the  rest  of 
the  council,  who  within  an  hour 
after  met  at  his  lordship's  cham* 
ber,  where  himself  entering  into 
the  particulars  of  the  said  Scottish 
queen's  oftenoe,  the  danger  of  her 
majesty  and  the  state,  and  necessity 
of  this  execution,  and  acquainting 
them  with  her  highness's  reso- 
lution in  that  behilf,  fbr  their 
better  satisffing,  wherein  he  read 
the  said  wairantitwlf  unto  them; 
he  finally  told  the  cause  of  their 
meeting  at  that  present,  was  chiefly 
to  advise  of  some  sudi  means  as 
m^ht  be  most  honourable  and  ex- 
peoaent  lor  the  dispatch  thereof; 
seeing  her  majesty  had  for  her 
part  performed  as  much  as  in  any 
honour,  kw,  or  reason,  was  to  be 
required  at  her  hands;  and  after 
some  little  other  speech  of  her 
doubted  inclination  to  drive  this 
burthen,  if  it  might  be,  from  her- 
sdf,  and  every  one  willingly  oflkr- 
sng  to  bear  hLi  part  in  a  matter  so 
much  importing  the  public  safety 
of  the  whole  state,  both  of  refi- 
ffion  and  commonwealth;  they 
finally  resolved  to  proceed  to  the 
•ending   down    thereof   without 


witiial,  as  wdl  in  reeard  of  her 
charge  given  to  myself,  to  let  her 
hear  no  more  thereof  till  it  was 
done,  having  otherwise  performed 
as  much  as  in  any  reason  or  law 
would  be  required  of  her,  as  is  be- 
fore remembered,  as  the  dangerous 
consequence  might  else  have  grown 
thereof  in   case  of  her  majesty, 
upon    such    a    needless    motion, 
should  have  fiEdlen  into  any  new 
conceit  of  interrupting  and  staying 
the  course  of  justice,  considering 
the  malice  of  her  enemies^  and 
disposition  of  the  time  and  state  of 
things  then,  both  abroad  and  at 
home,  which  they  in  no  duty  could 
negkct ;  and  so  resolving  generally 
upon  Mr.  Beale  as  the  fittest  per- 
son they  could  advise  of,  to  whom 
they  might  commit  that  charge, 
and  who,  being  sent  for  the  same 
morning,  was  then  present,  and 
aj^roving  the  letters  projected  by 
my  lord  treasurer,  appointed  thenr 
to  be  written  out  faur  against  the 
afternoon,  in  the  meantime  went 
to  dinner,  and  between  one  and 
two  of  the  clock  returned  back  to 
si^   the  said  letters,    addressed, 
with  the  warrant,  to  the  lords  and 
others  the  commissioners  appointed 
in  that  cause,  which  in  their  pre- 
sence were  delivered    unto    Mr. 
Beale,  with   earnest   request  and 
motion  to  use  the  uttermost  dili- 
gence and  care  he  could  in  the  ex* 
pedition  thereof,  and  so  again  de- 
parted.     The  next  morning  her 
majesty  being  in  some  speech  with 
Mr.  ^wlei^  in  the  private  cham- 
ber, seeing  me  come  in,  called  me 
to  her,  and  (as  if  she  had  under- 
stood nothing  of  these  proceedings),  - 
smiling,  told  me  how  she  had  wen 
troubled  that  night  upon  a  dream 
she  had,  that  the  Scottish  queetl 
was  executed,  pretending  to  have 
been  so  greatly  moved  with  the 

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348^    ANNUAL  REOISTRIt    1603. 


pMBioa  she  ootild  have  done  I  wot 
not  what;  but  tliis  being  in  a 
pleasant  and  smiling  manner,  I 
answered  her  majesty,  that  it  was 
good,  for  m^  I  was  not  near  her  so 
h>n^  as  that  humour  lasted*  But 
withal,  taking  hold  of  her  speech, 
asked  her  in  great  earnest  what  it 
meant,  and  whither,  having  pro- 
ceeded thus  far,  she  had  not  a  fuU 
and  resolute  meaning  to  go  through 
with  the  said  execution  according 
to  her  warrant  Her  answer  was 
yes,  confirmed  with  a  solemn  oath 
in  some  vehemency ;  thia  only  she 
thought  that  it  might  have  re- 
ceive a  better  form,  because  this 
threw  the  whole  burthen  upon 
herself;  whereto  I  replied,  tnat 
the  form  prescribed  by  the  wairant 
was  such  as  the  law  required,  and 
could  not  well  be  altered  with  any 
honesty,  justice;  or  surety  of  those 
that  were  commissioners  therein ; 
neither  did  I  know  who  could  sus- 
tain this  burthen  if  she  took  it  not 
upon  her,  being  sovereign  magis- 
trate, to  whom  the  sword  was  com- 
mitted of  God  for  the  punishment 
of  the  wicked,  and  detenoe  of  the 
goodj  and  without  whose  autho- 
rity, the  life  or  member  of  the 
poorest  wretch  in  her  kingdom 
could  not  be  touched.  She  im^ 
swered,  that  there  were  wiser  men 
than  myself  of  other  opinion.  I 
told  her  I  could  not  answer  for 
other  men,  yet  this  I  was  sure  of, 
that  I  had  never  yet  heard  any 
man  give  a  sound  reason  to  prove 
it  either  honouraUe  or  safe  for  her 
majesty  to  take  any  other  course 
than  that  which  standeth  with  law 
and  Justice,  and  8o»  without  further 
replication  or  speech,  we  parted. 
The  same  afternoon  (as  I  take  it) 
she  asked  me  whether  I  had  heard 
from  sir  Amias  Paulet^  I  told  her 
no ;  but  within  an  hour  or  two 
aftei:  gfmg  to  LoodoA  I  met  mtik 


lattsrt  finom  Um,  ia 
those,  that  were  written  unto  bat 
some  few  dt^rs  before^  up«B  her 
commandment.  The  next  i 
having  access  unto  her 
upon  some  other  oochmoi^  I  told 
)ier  of  the  receipt  of  thom^  wUdi 
her  highness,  desirous  to  aee»  took 
androad;  but  finding  thereby  thai 
he  was  grieved  with  the  motkn 
made  unto  him»  ofibrin^  his  life 
and  all  he  had  to  be  dnyowed  at 
her  pleasure,  but  abflol«tdy  io« 
fusing  to  be  an  instrumieiit  in  amy 
such  action  as  wa»  not  warraatad 
in  honour  and  justice;  heraiajwty, 
iaUii^  into  terms  o£  oSea^  cmh 
pkimng  of  the  dainripeaa  and  (as 
she  calkd  it)  pe^juiy  oi  him  aad 
others  who,  ccmtniry  to  their  oatk 
of  asKxaatJon,  did  cast  the  burthm 
upon  herself,  Aerose  iq^  and  aftv 
a  turn  or  two  went  into  Aeeallaiy, 
whither  I  followed  her,  aoa  then 
renewing  her  fooraaer 
Klftmityg  the  nioeoets  of 
precise  fellows  (as  she 
them),  who  in  weide  would  da 
great  things  for  her  surety>  but  ia 
deed  perform  nothing,  ontyhAd 
that  she  could  have  well  waangh 
done  without  them*  And  hsn^ 
entering  into  puTtJculantif^  immtA 
imto  me  (as  I  reoieBiber)  am 
Wingfiel4>  who,  she  assured 
wouM,  with  some  o^ben^ 
take  it;  which  gave  me  i 
to  shew  unto  her  majesty  how  das- 
honourable  (in  my  poor  opiaiea) 
any  such  course  would  be,  and  how 
fiur  from  preveniiag  the  maik»mi 
dai^ger  which  she  so  much  aougikt 
to  avoid.  And  so,  falling  into  the 
particular  caee  of  sir  Amaae  Faulet 
aad  sir  Drue  J)ru^  Hmommi 
unto  her  the  f^eat  eaObreoutgr  Ae 
would  have  exposed  theoe  pow 
gentlemea  to,  tortfi  in  atttdor 
care  of  her  surety,  thflf  Aould  have 
domift  thut  fiho  dwiedu  iIm  wtM^ 


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HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY.     M»» 


eidKf  aBaw  tli^  mi  or  ioBaiSKm 
hi  if  shfli  allowed  it  sbe  took  the 
matter  u^  herself,  with  her  ii^ 
finite  |ienl  and  diflhonour ;  if  she 
diMllowed  it  she  should  not  oaij 
overthrow  die  geatlemeii  them- 
selves, who  had  always  truly  and 
faithfully  honoured  and  served  her, 
but  also  their  estates  and  posteri- 
ties, besides  the  dishonour  and  in- 
justice of  such  a  course,  which  I 
humbly  besou^t  her  majesty  to 
consider  of:  and  so,  vSter  some 
little  digression  and  speech  of  Mr. 
Secretary  and  others,  touching 
some  thmgs  passed  heretofore,  her 
myesty,  understanding  it  was  time 
to  go  to  the  closet,  rose  up,  and 
left  me.  At  my  next  access  unto 
her,  which  (as  I  take  it)  was  the 
Tuesday  before  my  coming  from 
court,  luiving  occasion  to  wait  upon 
her  highness  with  certain  letters 
that  were  to  be  signed,  touching 
some  difference  between  the  lord 
dqmty  of  Ireland  and  Mr.  Fenton, 
her  secretary  there,  she  entered  of 
herself  into  some  earnest  discourse 
of -the  dai^er  she  lived  in,  and  how 
it  was  more  than  time  this  matter 
were  dispatched,  swearing  a  great 
oath,  that  it  was  a  shame  for  us 
all  that  it  was  not  already  done, 
considering  that  she  had,  for  her 
part,  done  all  that  law  or  reason 
could  require  of  her ;  and  there- 
upon made  some  mention  to  have 
letters  written  to  sir  Amias  Paulet 
far  the  hastening  thereof,  because 
the  longer  it  was  deferred  the  more 
her  danger  increased.  Whereto, 
knowing  what  orders  had  been 
taken  by  the  lords  in  sending  the 
commission  to  the  earls,  wHch  I 
presumed  she  could  not  be  ignorant 
of  amongst  so  many  as  were  part- 
ners therein,  I  answered  that  that 
needed  not  (as  I  conceived),  the 
warrant  being  so  general  and  suf- 
fiMQt  M  It  was;  to  which  her 


majesty  readied  little  eke  but  Agt 
she  thousht  sbr  Amias  Paulet 
would  lo(£  for  it ;  and  so  brake  dF 
our  qpeedi  at  that  tim^  which  waR 
the  last  I  had  with  h&t  majesty  c^ 
this  orany  other  matter  whatsoevear, 
to  my  remanbranee.  The  neiEt 
(Thursday)  morning  early,  being, 
as  I  take  it,  the  Saj  before  my 
coming  from  court,  my  lord  trea- 
surer sent  for  me  and  acquainted 
me  with  the  news  he  had  received 
by  Henry  Talbot  of  the  said  Scot- 
tish queen's  execution,  which  (upon 
some  conference  had  thereof  with 
Mr.  Vice-chamberlain  and  others) 
he  thought  it  not  iit  to  break  sud- 
denly to  her  majesty,  and  there- 
fore concealed  it  from  her  all  that 
day ;  whidi  being  nevertheless 
brought  unto  her  that  evening  by 
other  means,  she  would  not  at  the 
first  seem  to  take  knowledge  a£  it, 
but  the  next  morning,  falling  into 
some  heat  and  passion  about  it, 
sent  for  Mr.  Vice-chamberlain,  to 
whom  she  disavowed  the  said  exe« 
cution  as  a  thing  she  never  com- 
manded or  intended,  casting  the 
burthen  generally  upon  them  all, 
but  chie%  upon  my  shoulders,  be- 
cause (as  she  pretended^  I  had,  in 
suffering  it  to  go  out  of  my  hands, 
abused  me  trust  she  reposed  in  me ; 
whereupon  my  lords  being  that 
morning  assembled  at  my  lord 
treasurer's  chamber,  I  was  sent  for 
unto  them,  and  acquainted  with 
her  majesty's  said  offence  and 
charge  both  against  them  and  me ; 
but  having  mine  own  conscience 
and  themselves  for  witnesses  of 
mine  innocency  and  integrity  in 
that  behalf,  did  not  at  the  first 
apprehend  it.  Howbeit,  being 
advised  by  them  all  to  absent  my- 
self for  a  day  or  two,  and  other- 
wise compelled  thereto  by  an  un- 
happy accident  befallen  unto  me 
the  day  before^  together  with  some 


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250*    ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1823. 

indisposition  of  my  health  at  that  believe,  till  my  lord  of  Bockhnnl 

time,  I  returned  home,  where  the  came  with  order  from  her  makstr 

next  news  I  heard  was  that  her  to  execate  this  her  pleasure,  whidi, 

majesty  had  resolved  to  commit  me  by  reason  of  my  sickness,  was  de- 

to  the  Tower,  which  at  the  first  ferred  for  two  or  three  da3rs,  and 

seemed  a  matter  very  strange  unto  afterwards,  on  the  fouiteanth  of 

me,  and  such  as  I  could  by  no  means  Uiis  month,  accomj^iahocL 


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TRAVELS,  MANNERS, 
STATISTICS,    Ac. 


Captain  Franklin's  Journey  to  the  Polar  Ska. 


WHILE  lieutenant  Parry  was 
exploring  a  passage  acrosa 
tlie  Pdar  Sea  towaids  the  Padfic^ 
our  government  conceiyed  it  might 
not  only  be  serviceable  to  that  intce- 
pid  navigator^  but  desiraUe  for  the 
benefit  of  geographical  and  hydro- 
graphical  science,  to  ascertain  the 
actual  position  of  the  mouth  of 
the-  Copper-mine  River  and  the 
line  of  the  shores  of  the  Polar 
Sea  to  the  eastward  of  it.  With 
this ;  view>  lieutenant  (now  captain) 
Franklin  was  recommended  by  the 
Lords  of  the  Admiralty  as  a  pro- 
per person  to  be  employed  on  such 
a  service ;  they,  at  the  same  time, 
nominated  doctor  Richardson,  a 
naval  surgeon^  weU  skilled  in  na- 
tural history,  Mr.  Hood,  and  Mr. 
Back>  two  admiralty  midshipmen 
(subsequently  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  lieutenants),  and  two 
stoidy  English  seamen,  to  acconi- 
pany  him. 

.  This  little  party  embarked  on 
board  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company's 
sbip^  Prince  of  Wales,  the  23rd  of 
May^  1819;  and  they  reached 
Stnminess^  die  3rd  of  June^  where 
four  boRtmeu  w^re  engage^  tq  as* 


sist  their  progress  up  the  rivers  of 
America  ;^-after  a  narrow  escape 
from  being  wrecked  on  the  rocky 
shores  of  Rescdution  Island  beset 
with  heavy  ice,  they  arrived  in 
safety  at  York  factory  on  the 
shores  of  Hudson's  Bay,  on  the 
30th  of  August. 

The  journey  into  the  interior 
commenced  at  York  Fort,  where 
the  party  embarked  on  the  9th  of 
September,  1819;  and  they  arrived 
at  Cumberland  House  on  the  d2nd 
of  October,  the  travailing  distance 
by  water  being  about  six  hundi^ 
and  ninety  miles.  Late  as  the 
season  was,  captain  Franklin  d&- 
termined  not  to  remain  here,  but 
to  set  out  on  a  lone  and  pezihnis 
expedition  of  severalhundred  miles 
to  Fort  Chepewyan,  near  the  west- 
em  extremity  of  Athebasca  lake ; 
where>  by  hts  presence,  he  hoped 
to  prevent  delay  in  the  necessary 
preparations  for  their  ulterior  pro^ 
oeedings.  With  this  view,  aocom* 
panied  by  lieut.  Back,  on  the  18th 
of  January,  1820,  he  todc  leave 
of  Dr.  Ridiardson  and  Mr.  Hood, 
who  wa»  to  brpig  up  their  bag* 
gage  in  the  fpring;.  v^  after  % 


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262*   ANNUAL  RBQISTER.  1823. 


jotuney  of  857  miles  in  the  very 
depth  ci  winter^  the  thermometer 
fi^uentlj  at  A^,  and  sometinieB 
more  than  50*^  bek)w  «ero»  arrived 
aafdy,  on  the  26th  of  Much,  at 
the  Fort. 

TcMrellinff  is  winter  can  only 
be  perfiirmed  on  sledges,  whidi  are 
drawn  by  dogs,  or  by  walking  in 
snow-shoes.  The  settlers  atdicfa 
to  the  former  a  covering  of  leather 
to  protect  the  lower  part  of  the 
body,  and  when  '^  beautified  "  with 
a  litde  paint  and  a  few  trifling  or- 
naments, the  sledge  assumes  the 
name  of  cariole.  JEvery  traveller 
takes  care  to  supply  himself  with 
a  pair  ci  mow^riioes^  m  l^ankel^ 
haicbet,  steel,  flint,  and  tinder, 
and  ^BBerally  with  6an»^am.  lit 
iiwmtang  his  cariol^  beptrtion  a 
lai^skincleak  witiimboidy  afar 
<ap,  )ealheni  Uuwaefs  and  Indiift 
alockn^  and  mocassins.  Tfarts 
dogi  will  draw  a  weight,  besides 
that  (tf  the  dodgetrof  three  hundred 
pounds,  at  the  rate  of  twanuks* 
and  a  half  an  hevr^  or  about 
fiftees  nnka  a  day,  wben  llie  1 
is  bsrd  homn.  To  ^ke 
isnwed,  tko  snfiemu 
b^F  walking  in  snow^iKioaa  sppean 
tebe  dsemuL 

^  The  mHeiies,*'  says  fieu  tenant 
Hood»  '^endured  d»ng  the  fim 
jeamey  of  this  aal  uin  are  so  great, 
diat  nothing  could  induce  ^  sul^ 
farer  to  undertake  a  second,  wkik 
mdor  the  influcmee  of  present  pain* 
He  ftehi  kit  hemt  criMibed  by  un^ 
ncoonntabtB  pressure,  he  drags  a 
gaUii^  and  stubborn  wei^t  at  bi« 
VMt,  laid  his  track  is  mamd  with 
Und.  TkedaaaHngsesne  nraund 
hntaffiNrda  no  vest  tohis^^re,  «# 
okjeot  to  dmrt  kfa  aMntiOTi  Unm 
hat  own  agoasing  sen— ions. 
Ajfhen  he  risea  6wi  deep>  half  his 
dead,  titt  assokcBod 
rbyteiiittettD»i)fUt 


sores.  But,  fortom^y  6r  Utt» 
no  evil  makes  an  impvesnon  m 
evanescent  as  pain.  The  traveOs 
soon  fingets  his  suffiningfl,  sod  i^ 
every  future  journey.  Aor  recap- 
renoe  ia  attended  ^ndi  diBPaMrf 
aottteneii." 

On  halting  for  the  night,  the 
4rst  operation,  in  the  Cantiiita 
phmae,  is  t^at  of  ''flooringdw 
hut."  It  consists  in  cfearing  awsy 
the  snow,  and  covering  the  pmi 
with  pine  branches,  upon  wWA 
the  travellers  spread  their  hlsnketi, 
skins,  cloaks,  and  coats.  Tbc 
sleeping  place  being  thus  arranged, 
the  next  stepis,  tosendoutpartio 
taeoaeel  a  suficieMyof  woodtu 
serve  as  fuel  for  the  night;  Ae 
fire  is  thenaDowadtobekiiiM 
tbe  dec^  are  iHUftDwdl^^edop 

unharnessed,  and  the  ^''"JJ 
hnn^  upon  the  treeih  o«t  d^ 
ren»  of  these  vonuaoos  suin* 
Supper  ie  then  cooked;  A^^ 
s^ers  eoS  rtNind ^  fire  tt^ 
ctntve  with  ^eir  fiset  toiwni 
it;  the  dogs  ereep  in  ^e^ 
them  where veg  tbiy  tm  wi 
vaoancy,  recemng  aid  emnnu^ 
eating  heat,  and  thtts  the  w» 
party  enjoy  v^Nise,  mVktn^  ^ 
olhar  canopy  then  Ac  ^*^ 
eipen  diongn  the  titsiimwn^ 
diottldbotebdowaeni. 

In  joomeys  tihns  perfinined,  n* 
dtoger  of  the  tmvdler  if  «*  • 
great  firom  tixe  se^writyrfj* 
cold,  as  hem  the  risk  of  pc""*j 
for  want  of  food*  Thcsanw* 
of  the  NorA-weet  compss^  "f* 
ftwiuentty  obKced  to  set  out « 
search  of  the,  hnnttng^w^J* 
Indians,  to  receive  the  ftns  ^■•* 
they  may  have  coilBBted^  A  •"•^* 
storm  arises;  they  lesc  sft^x* 
c^  than,  miss  thttr  w^,  «■** 
very  often  driven  to  the  h«t^ 
soaree  of  killng  thor  dog^  ^ 
fboi.    Tb^laiiMir       ^' 


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TRAVELS,  MANNERS,  &c.    ^     26S* 


frequentlf  tedno^  to  the  last  ex» 
ttemhy  and  eren  to  imth  Ibf  f** 
mine.  It  would  aeera  that  ^kney 
have  eidker  destosyed  or  tnghtened 
aivttjr  diote  mat  hetdg  of  tiie 
mooae,  the  rem-deer^  and  the  hi* 
Km,  which  once  frequented  the 
wide  pkins  over  which  the  expe- 
dition passed;  hitherto  iSttey  had 
aeenveiyfew*  acnd  the  fop-hearing 
animalg  are  so  scarce,  that  in  the 
whde  j^mey  to  the  Pokr  Sea 
and  hack,  one  sin^e  haUtation 
and  one  dam  only  of  that  iiidu»- 
trious  and  ingenious  creature^  the 
beaver,  were  net  with. 

While  captain  Fnmldin  and  Mr. 
Back  were  travelling  on  fbot  and 
fai  sledges,  in  the  manner  described^ 
to  Fort  Chepeywan,  Dr.  Richard- 
son and  Mr.  Hood  were  not  idle 
at  Cumberland  House;  the  one 
collecting  objects  of  natural  his*^ 
lory,  and  the  other  making  excorb 
rions  among  the  Indians,  joining 
in  thdr  hunting  parties,  and  exer^ 
eising  his  penal  on  such  subjects 
as  might  come  before  him.  Of 
these  Indians,  called  Crees,  or 
Kristeneaux,  hy  the  French  Cana* 
dians.  Dr.  Richardson  says,  the 
whole  population,  spread  over  an 
extent  of  20,000  square  miles, 
does  not  exceed  five  hundred.  The 
hoopinff-cotigh  and  measles  make 
fearful  havoc  amone  the  children; 
spirituous  Uquors  mHained  at  the 
eompany's  posts,  a  precarious  sub- 
sistence, and  famine,  destroy  the 
adults.  They  are  the  victims  d!* 
>•  superstition,  and  the  voluntary 
dupes  of  the  more  cunning  of  the 
tribe,  who  practise  on  their  simple 
minds  the  arts  of  conjuration; 
and  profess  to  avert  evils  and  cure 
diseases,  by  the  use  of  a  drum,  a 
Tattle,  and  a  sweating-house.  The 
Crees  are  kind  and  hospitable  wUle 
they  have  mr  thing  to  share 
^iher  with  mends  or  strang^n: 


iriien  tile  wtntey  sets  in,  when  *• 
beasts  and  birds  seoor  anvviy  to  tiM 
southward^  and  the  lakes  and  liveit 
are  bound  m  in  ftost,  their  provti* 
slons  ftil  them,  and  they  usuattf 
make  towards  some  of  the  eon* 
patty's  pests  for  that  relief  mtdtk 
Uiey  have  nerieoled  to  provide  At 
tiiis  season  o?  ealandty ;  many  of 
tlMm  Hi^ger  so  long  as  to  be  unabto 
to  reach  these  ports,  and  fSUl  * 
aacrifice  to  all  the  hcnrrors  of  fk* 
nine;  and  instances  afe  not  rare 
of  their  being  reduced  to  feed 
upon  the  bodies  of  their  own  ftalii* 
ly,  to  prevent  actual  starvation. 

The  operation  of  tattooing  is  as 
universal  amone  tiie  Crees  and 
more  southerly  Indians  as  in  the  . 
Oriental  ^ands ;  it  is  represented 
as  extremely  psinM,  b^g  pep& 
fintned  by  runnii^  «i  awl  u^e^ 
^e  cutid^  and  Sien  drawing  a 
eord  dipt  in  charcoal  and  wate^ 
through  the  eaiuil  thus  formed» 
^  A  half-breed,"  says  Dr.  Ridiard* 
son,  ''whose arm  I  amputated,  de^ 
dared  that  tattooing  was  not  onJ^ 
die  most  painful  operation  i^  the 
two,  but  rendered  infinitely  more 
difficult  to  bear  by  its  tediousness, 
having  lasted  -in  hn  case  tfuee 
days.- 

Thcre  are  another  set  of  people, 
the  ofispring  of  those  employed  by 
the  two  conroanies  as  agents  and 
elerks,  and  Indian  or  half-bieQd 
women.  These  m^^,  or,  as  the 
Canadians  term  them,  hcMfndi9^ 
are  a  good  looking  people,  apt  to 
learn  and  willing  to  be  taught^ 
but  hitherto  their  education  lias 
been  wholly  n^lected.  Thenufles 
are  consequently  without  princiide 
and  the  females  without  diastKy. 
Many  of  them  are  broudit  up  ai^ 
intermarry  with  the  In&ns.  The 
girls  at  die  forts  are  frequently 
wives  at- the  ace  of  twelve,  am 
mothers  before  Tomteen ;  inslan^ii 


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$U*    ANNUAL  REGISTER,   1823. 


arte  not  rate  of  a  rojFagei'  taking 
to  wife  a  child  of  ten  years.  No 
objection  is  eiveat  made  by  the 
partners,  or  residents  of  the  oora«* 
paniesy  to  this  and  other  criminal 
indulgence  of  the  vices  of  their 
servants.  These  Canadian  voy- 
agers indeed  have  so  little  (^  monk 
feding,  that  it  is  by  no  means  un- 
usual for  one  woman  to  be  common 
tO|  and  maintained  at  the  joint 
expense  of,  two  men ;  (^  to  sell  a 
wile  for  a  season,  or  idtogether, 
for  a  sum  of  mon^,  genexsdly  in- 
ferior to  the  price  of  a  team  <^ 
dogs. 

The  Stone  Indians,  a  tribe  re- 
ading near  the  company's  post  of 
^Carlton  House,  are  described  by 
captain  Franklin  as  more  prepos- 
sessing in  their  looks  than  the 
Crees,  but  addicted  to  thieving^ 
and  grossly  and  habitually  treacha- 
rous.  Their  figure  is  good,  their 
limbs  well  -  proportioned,  their 
countenances  a£y>le  and  pleasing, 
their  eyes  large  and  exinressive, 
nose  aquiline,  teeth  white  and  re- 
gular, forehead  bold,  cheek-bones 
rather  high,  the  colour  that  of 
%ht  copper,  and  their  heads  coveiv 
ed  with  a  profusion  of  very  black 
hair.  They  are  generally  at  war 
with  the  neighbouring  tribes,  and 
never  fail  to  take  the  scalps  of  their 
prisoners  as  trot^ues.  They  are 
the  only  tribe  who  abuse  the  rights 
of  hospitality  by  way-laying  and 
plundering  the  very  guest  who  had 
been  iqiparently  received  with 
kindness,  and  just  depsurted  from 
their  tents.  They  are  exceedingly 
expert  witli  the  bow,  and  very 
younff  boys  will  hit  a  mark  at  a 
consideraUe  distance. 

Their  neighbours,  the  Chepe- 
wyans,  with  more  unpromising  fea- 
turesi  are  at  least  honest,  but  rude 
in  their  manners  and  extremdy 
superstitious.     One  of  the  tribes 


1^  thesfc  peoj^  war  fooAdinlk 
most  fbrksn  conditkm.  They  M 
destixqred  ev^ry  thkig  which  they 
possessed,  as  a  token  of  gnef  for 
the  loss  they  had  sustained  in  die 
prevailing  sickness  of  mesiksy 
hooping-cough,  and  dyaenterjF. 
"  It  am)ears,"  says  optptain  Fnok- 
lin,  ''  tmt  no  article  is  qisred  ^ 
those  unhappy  men  whenaneir 
relative  dies;  ihei^  clothes  sad 
tents  are  cut  to  pieces,  their  guv 
broken,  and  every  odier  wcapca 
r^idered  useless,  if  some  penondo 
not  remove  these  artides  frn 
their  sight."  The  following  is* 
most  extraordinary  instance  of  the 
effects  of  superstition : 

"  The  Northen  Indians  soppost 
that  they  originally  sprang  firam  t 
dog ;  and,  a£)ut  five  yean  sgo, « 
superstitious  fanatic  so  stain^ 
]Hre8sed  upon  tlieir  minds  the  ioi- 
propriety  of  employing  these  ssi- 
mals,  to  which  they  were  related, 
for  purposes  of  li^our,  that  they 
universally  resolved  against  uasg 
them  any  more,  and>  strange  as  it 
may  seem,  destroyed  them*  They 
now  have  to  drag  every  thing 
themselves  on  sledges.  Thu  ^ 
borious  task  falls  most  heavily  oe 
the  women;  nothing  can  dwk 
shock  the  feelines  of  a  person,  a^ 
customed  to  civuLzed  life,  than  to 
witness  the  state  of  their  d^radai- 
tion.  When  a  party  is  on  a  vms^ 
the  women  have  to  drag  the  tort, 
the  meatj  and  whatever  the  hunter 
possesses,  whilst  he  only  canieshis 
gun  and  medicine  case. .  In  the 
evening  they  form  the  encamp* 
ment,  cut  wood,  fetch  water,  and 
prepare  the  supper :  and  then,  per- 
haps, are  not  permitted  to  partake 
of  the  fare  until  the  men  natc  fi- 
nished. A  success^l  hunter  ««»• 
times  has  two  or  three  wives; 
whoever  happens  to  be  the  fevour- 
ite^  assumes  authority  over  the 


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TRAVELS, '  MANNERS,  &c,         26S» 


ot]»er8,  and  has  tHe  management  <^ 
the  tent.  These  men  usiiuJJj  tveat 
their  wives  unkindly^  and  even 
with  harshness;  except,  indeecl^ 
at  the  time  when  they  are  ahout 
to  increase 'the  family>  and  then 
they  show  them  much  indulgence. 
With  all  this  they  have  a  strong 
affection  for  their  children." 
.  As  soon  as  the  spring  befimn  to 
appear.  Dr.  Richardson  and  Mr. 
Hood  set  out  to  join  their  compa- 
nions who  had  preceded  them  to 
Fort  Chepewyan.  It  may  readily 
he  supp(»ed>  that  the  return  a£ 
this  season  is,  in  such  a  dreary 
chilling  climate,  hailed  with  uni- 
versal joy.  The  symptoms  of  its 
awroadi  are  unequlvocaL  About 
the  middle  of  April  flights  of  geese 
ducks,  and  swans  from  the  south- 
ward, indicate  the  brealdng-up  of 
the  fVost ;  sentle  showers  be^  to 
Ml :  the  whole  fiice  of  the  coun- 
try is  deluded  by  the  melted  snow. 
In  a  few  oc^s  the  uppo:  grounds 
are  dry,  and  teem  with  the  fra- 
grant ofi^ring  of  the  new  year. 
"  There  can  scarcely  be  a  higher 
gratification/'  says  captain  Frwik- 
Hn,  "  than  that  which  is  enjoyed 
in  diis  country,  in  witnessing  the 
rapid  change  which  takes  ph^  in 
the  course  of  a  few  days  in  the 
spring ;  scarcely  does  the  snow  dis- 
appear &om  the  ground,  before  the 
trees  are  clothed  with  diick  foliage, 
the  shrubs  open  dieir  leaves,  and 
put  forth  their  variegated  flowers, 
and  the  whole  prospect  beeomes 
animating."  But  it  also  brings  its 
iiiconvenienees,  the  first,  and  most 
annoying  of  which,  are  the  clouds 
of  huge  full-grown  musquitoes, 
which  bursting  forth  at  once,  in* 
cessantly  torment  the  traveller  to 
a  degree  unknown  even  in  the 
tropical  regions  of  the  globe.  In 
Mr.  Hood's  account  of  the  journey 
from  Cumberland  house  to  Fort 


Chepewyan,  the  misecy  inflieled 
by  these  creatures  is  thus  deseryMd* 
.  "  We  had  sometimes  before  pro- 
cured a  little  vest,  by  dosing  the 
tent,  and  buiving  wood>  (Nrflming 
gunpowder  within,  the  smoke 
driving  the  musquitoes  intp  th« 
mrannies  of  Uie  ground.  But  thii 
remedy  was  now  ineflbptual* 
though  we  employed  it  so  pene- 
verii^^y  as  to  harard  sufibeation  ; 
they  swarmed  under  our  blanket^ 
goring  us  with  their  envenomed 
trunl^  and  steepkig  our  clothes  in 
blood.  We  rose  at  day-li^t  in  a 
fever,  and  our  misery  was  unmitSr 
eated  during  our  whole  8tay.-*r-The 
food  of  the  musquitp  is  blood, 
which  it  can  extract  by  peaetcat- 
ingthe  hide  of  a  bu&lo ;  and  if  it 
is  not  (Usturbed,  it  gorges  itself  so 
as  to  swell  its  body  into  a  tronsp^* 
rent  globe.  The  wound  does  npt 
swell  like  that  of  the  Afirican  mu»> 
Quito,  but  it  is  infinitely  more  oain- 
nil ;  and  when  multiplied  an  nun" 
dred  fold,  and  contmued  for  so 
i^any  successive  days,  it  becomes 
an  evil  of  such  magmtude,  that 
cold,  fiamine,  and  every,  other  com- 
comitant  of  an  inho^itahle  climate 
must  yidd  the  pre-eminence  to  it* 
It  chi^  the  bufl»lo'to  the  plains^ 
irritating  him  to  madness ;  and 
the  rein-deer  to  the  sea^shore,  from 
which  they  do  not  return  till  the 
scourge  has  ceased." 

Such  a  dreadful  ami03ranoe, 
aflainst  which  there  is  no  defence^ 
added  to  the  tormentine  attacks  of 
the  h(Hrse-fly,  or  bull-dog,  which 
as  Mr.  Hood  8a3rs,  carries  off  a  por- 
tion of  flesh  at  every  dart  whidi 
it  makes,  together  with  the  small 
but  not  less  formidable  sand-fly, 
known  in  Canada  by  the  name  of 
the  brulot,  is  even  w(n-se  than  tra« 
veiling  by  winter  and  sleeping 
under  the  canopy  of  heaven,  with 
the  thermomctor  at   W*    below 


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26e^    ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1823. 


imo,  intUi  molt  tb6bmMb  of  all 
wantries. 

-  The  wlxde  futy,  with  their  In- 
dkn  hanterB>  hanng  asKiiibled  al 
Chepewymi,  set  oiit  <m  the  18th  of 
July  fat  the  northward^  in  the 
hope  that^  before  the  seaaonshoold 
dupiie^  th^  might  be  enaUed  to 
fix  their  winter-quarters  at  the 
xnooth  of  the  Copper-mine  Rirer^ 
and  to  avail  thoBuelves  of  the 
earliest  period  of  the  ft^wing 
apring  to  expiore  the  coast  of  the 
^lar  Sea  to  the  eastward.  But 
iD  great  and  so  numerous  were  the 
j^Gulties  experieneed  from  the 
aearcity  of  pronsions^  and  irom  the 
impediments  in  the  navigation  of 
the  numerous  rivers  and  lakes^  on 
aeoount  of  the  rapids  of  the  one 
attd  the  shallows  of  the  other^ 
t<^;ether  with  the  frequent  port- 
nges,  that  thdr  progress  was  ex- 
ceedingly slow  and  tedious:  and 
they  md  not  arrive  at  the  spot 
where  it  viras  found  necessary  to 
hnt  themselves  for  the  winter^  and 
which  was  distant  from  Chepewyan 
about  550  miles,  before  the  20th 
of  August.  With  regard  to  the 
interruptions  from  the  portages, 
they  became  morefrequent,  and  the 
dragrang  of  the  boats  more  fetigu- 
ingy  m  proportion  as  they  advanced 
to  the  northward:  and  thus  the 
aufferines  of  the  people  from  want 
of  sufficient  sustenance  were  greatly 
aggravated.  It  not  unfrequently 
b^pened  that  in  one  day  they  had 
to  load  and  unload  the  canoes  and 
to  transport  them  and  the  baggage 
over  five  or  six  of  these  portages. 
We  cannot,  therefore,  be  suiprized 
that  men  who,  like  the  Canadian 
voyagers,  live,  when  at  the  com- 
pany^ forts,  entirely  on  animal 
food,  the  daily  allowance  of  which 
is  eight  pounds  to  each  man,  should 
be  dUheartened,  and  exhibit  symp- 
toms of  discontent  and  insulwrdl- 


naiioB^  when  they  fooni 
sdhres  reduoed  to  one  seanty  wal 
a  day  of  a  few  ounces  of  fish  or 
d6ei:^s  flesh;  aad^  on  some  diiya^ 
unable  to  procure  any  food  at  aO. 
Their  diicJiedience,  however,  was 
only  transitory,  and  seems  to  have 
ceased  with  the  occasion  of  it ; 
their  general  conduct  thimi^ioat 
this  perilous  and  fatigaing  e^»edi- 
tion  was  highly  praisewortfay.  A 
fierii  supply  of  food  had  invariably 
the  efiect  of  an  immediate  re^m 
of  their  usual  good  humour. 

Captain  FrankHn  had  be^  anxi* 
ons  to  amve  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Copper-mine  River  durii^  flie  pre- 
sent season;  but  the  msID  jms 
being  frogen  over  so  early  as  ^ 
S5lh  August,  when  the  geeae  were 
observed  to  be  passing  to  the  nodi- 
ward,  and  other  unequivocal  sjnqh 
toms  of  the  approach  of  winter 
beginning  to  manifest  tiiemadves, 
he  found  it  necessary  to  abandon 
the  design.  Indeed,  the  chief  of 
the  hunters  declared  that  the  at- 
tempt would  be  ntth  and  danger- 
ousy  and  that,  as  he  considered  the 
lives  of  all  who  went  on  audi  a 
journey  would  be  forfeited,  he  no- 
ther  would  go  himself,  nor  per- 
mit his  people  to  accompany  ^em. 
They  were,  therefore,  compelled 
to  content  Uiemselves  for  thu  sea- 
son with  making  an  excursion  to 
the  head  of  the  Copper-mine  Ri- 
ver, in  Point  Lake,  about  sixty 
miles  to  the  northward,  merdy  to 
satisfy  themselves  of  its  idse  and 
position. 

In  the  mean  time,  the  Canadians 
were  bualy  engaged  in  ocmstruct- 
ing  a  house  for  their  winter  reri- 
dence,  to  which  they  gave  the 
name  of  Fort  Enterprise.  It  was 
situated  on  a  rising  ground  on  the 
bank  of  a  river,  and  near  a  lake, 
surrounded  with  numerous  trees 
of  considerable  sijre^  some  of  ^ 


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TRAVELS,  MIANNERS.  &c         %!»• 


piaefl  being  ftom  thirty  to  ffarty 
reet  high>  and  two&etindianMr 
«t  the  bM.  The  beoks  of  the 
liver  (to  whidi  they  gaye  the  zuuae 
of  Wiirter  Rmr)  wove  also  wed 
.elothed  with  tieet  ai  this  deecri^ 
tkm^  and  efiliveiied  with  a  pioAi- 
aioA  of  loxsirifliit  waome§,  lieheoiy 
and  dirnbbf  plaiiti.  The  lat.  of 
Fort  Bnterpriee  is  64P  ^ef,  long. 
ll^e'W.  The  last  statioQ  of 
tlte  Nerth-west  Company  is  Fort 
Pnmdenee,  in  hit.  62''  17^  long. 

All  hands  were  now  em^oyed 
in  laying  inastodc  of  provisions 
Ibr  the  winter>  oonsistiu  prinoi- 
palfy  of  reiniideerB'  flesh  neaen,  or 
dried  partially  by  the  fire  and  sun, 
then    hnufled    with    stones   and 
hfwded  Up  with  hx  or  siiet  imto 
a  paste,   well   known*  in  North 
America  by  the  naae  of  pemwii» 
cam.     The  lein-detr  in  this  neighs 
botnfiood  were  fortunatidy  abon. 
da^t,  being  met  with  in  herds  from 
ten  to  a   hundred;  and    captain 
Franklin  says  that,  in  walking  out 
one  day,  he  rsHmatrd  thenvmben 
seen  by  him  aS  not  fewer  than  two 
thooaand.     Belbre  these  animals 
bapm   to  msgiate  to  the  seotlfe- 
ward  in  seardi  of  a  milder  elimate 
and  better  sheltered  ptftnres,  the 
hunters  were  enaUed  to  procure 
ahont  one    hundred  and  eighty, 
whseh  were  oonTerted  into  dried 
neat :  to  diis  they  added  about  a 
thfWMand  white  fish,  firom  two  to 
three  pomds  eaeh,  and  occasion- 
sily  others  of  the  sahnon  tribe, 
trout,  pike,  ahd  red  carp.    But  this 
stock  crf^prarision  was  barely  sufi- 
<Aent  for  the    winter^s  consump- 
tion of  the  party,  including  the 
multitude  of  Indians  and  their  fa- 
n^lies  who  crowded  to  the  rendez- 
vous as  soon  as  the  winter  had  set 
in. 

Ner  was  this  the  worst.    The 

Vol..  LXV. 


whde  of  their  annnunitkm  was 
expanded^  and  tMf  pasbiges  of 
blankets,  tobacco,  and  other  t^ti- 
€^  of  indiqiensaUe  necessity  had 
not  oome  up  iroai  the  southward. 
Mr.  Baok,  there&ire»  vohinteered 
to  return  to  Fort  Pnmdence  and, 
if  naeassary,  to  Chapen^ran,  to  ob- 
tttasueh  supines  as  weke  ahso* 
lutely  noeospary  to  eaahLe  them  to 
proceed.    He  set  ottt>  accompanied 
by  Mr«  Wentael,  a  derk  of  the 
North-west  Company^  two  Cana- 
dians, two  Indians  and  ^ir  wive^ 
on  the  18th  October.     This  jour- 
ney on  foot,  in  the  depth  of  win** 
ter,  as  far  as  Chepewyan  and  baok 
to  Fort  Enterprise,  at  which  pkce 
Mr.  Back  arrived  on  the    17th 
March,  is  among  the  many  instan- 
ces of  extraordinary  exertion  and 
determined    perseveranoe    whiok 
this  expedition  afibrded.     He  thus 
eoneludes  his  interesting  sej^rt:-— 
^^  I  had  the  pleasure  of  meetmg  toy 
friends  all  in  good  health,  after  an 
absence  of  nearly  five  months,  dur- 
ing which  time  I  had  travelled  one 
thousand  one    hundred  and  four 
nnles  in  snow-dioes,  and  had  no 
other  covering    at  night,   in  the 
woods,  than  a  Uanket  and  deer- 
Akk,  with  the  thermometer  fre- 
quently at  —40°,  and  once  at  — 
67^ ;  and  sometimes  passing  two  or 
three  days  without  tasting  food." 
We  may  add  that,  without  this  ex'> 
traordinary  exertion  of  Mr.  Back, 
the  expedition  would  not  have  been 
aMe  to  leave  Fort  Enterprise. 

The  party  who  remained  at  this 
spot  were  not  much  better  circum- 
stanced than  Mr.  Back  had  been, 
at  least  with  regard  to  the  severity 
of  the  cold. 

"The  weather,  duringthis  month 
(December),*'sayscaptain  Franklin, 
**  was  the  coldest  we  experienced 
during  our  residence  in  America. 
The  thermometer  sunk  on  one  oc« 


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^I58»    ANNUAL   REGISTER,- 1823. 


•  cMioti  to  5T  bdow  »ero,  and  never 
wee  beyond  fr  atore  it;  tfaemeflfei 
fbr  the  month  was  — 89-7^  Dur- 
ing these  intense  colds,  however, 
the  atmosphere  was  generally  calm, 
and  the  wood-cotters  and  others 
went  about  their  ordinaiy  oceupo- 
tions  without  iidng  any  extzaora- 
nary  precautions,  yet  without  feel- 
ing anybad  efiects.  They  had  their 
rein-deershirtson,  leathern  mittens 
Hned  with  blankets,  and  f\irred 
caps ;  but  none  of  them  used  any 
defence  for  the  fitce,  nor  did  they 
need  to  do  so.  Indeed,  we  have 
already  mentioned,  that  the  heat 
is  abstracted  most  rapidly  from  the 
body  during  strong  breezes,  and 
most  of  those  who  have  perished 
from  cold  in  tMs  country,  have 
*&llen  a  sacrifice  to  their  being 
Overtaken  on  a  lake  or  other  un- 
sheltered place,  by  a  storm  of  wind. 
The  intense  coldbs  were,  however, 
-detrimental  to  us  in  another  way. 
The  trees  froze  to  their  very  cen- 
tres, and  became  as  hard  as  stones, 
and  more  difficult  to  cut.  Some 
of  the  axes  were  broken  daily,  and 
by  the  end  of  the  month  we  had 
only  one  left  that  was  fit  for  fell- 
ing trees.  By  intrusting  it  only 
to  one  of  the  party  who  had  been 
bred  a  carpenter,  and  who  could 
use  it  with  dexterity,  it  was  fortu- 
nately preserved  unril  the  arrival 
of  our  men  with  others  from  Fort 
Providence. 

'*  A  thermometer,  hung  in  our 
bed-room  at  the  distance  of  sixteen 
feet  from  the  fii-e,  but  exposed  to 
its  direct  radiation,  stood,  even  in 
the  day-time,  occasionally  at  15°  be- 
low zero,  and  was  observed  more 
than  once,  previous  to  the  kindling 
of  the  fii?e  in  the  morning,  to  be  as 
low  as  4(y  below  »ero.  On  two 
of  these  occasions  the  chronometers, 
which  during  the  night  lay  under 
Mr.  Hood's  an4  Dr.  Richardson's 


pillows,  stopped  w^e  tfaey 
'  dressing  diemsehres." 

Mr.  Bade  brought  wiHi  him  tmo 
Esquimaux  interpreters  whom  be 
fomid  at  Fort  Providcftce,  wlieve 
they  had  arrived  from  dto  rm^ 
bouiliood  of    CheMcvfidd    Inkl: 
tiieir  names  were    TVtfan^ettw^ 
and  Hwootcerock — Beify  and  Emr 
•—but  they  were  oommoiily  ealfed 
Augustus  and  Junius — ^e  fomer 
could  speak  a  little  EA^ifih.     lai- 
mediately  on  their  arrival  at  Pert 
Enteiprixe,  they  set  about  baUffiiig 
B  snow  house  for  tiidr  veadenee, 
which  they  maintained  to  be  mtie 
•warm  and   comfortable  than  ^ 
'  wooden  one  already  erected.   Hav- 
ing selected  a  spot  on  ^e  rivir, 
where  Uie  snow  was  about  two 
feet  deep,  and'sunicienuy  ooflipact, 
they  commenced  by  tnuring;  oet  m 
circle  twdve  feet  in  diameter.  Tile 
snow  in  the  interior  of  the  cinle 
was  next  divided  with  «  hraad 
knife,  having  a  long  handie,  nio 
slabs  three  reet  long,  six  indies 
thick,  and  two  feet  deep,  beifig  Ae 
thidnwss  of  the  layer  of  mow. 
These  slabs  were  tenadousenongli 
to  admit  of   being  moved  abMt 
without  breaking,  or  even  lonw 
the  diarpness  of  their  angles,  and 
they  had  a  sli^t  degree  of  carm- 
ture,  corresponding  wkh  diat  of 
the  circle  from  wmdi  tlia^  nuri 
cut.     They  were  piled  upon  cash 
other,  exactly  like  courses  of  hewa 
stone,  around  the  circle  wbidi  was 
traced  out,  and  care  was  token  to 
smooth  tiie  beds  of  the  diffeieat 
courses  with  the  knife,  and  to  cot 
them  so  as  to  give  die  w^  a  s^ii^ 
inclination  inwards,  by  whidioaa> 
trivance  the  building  acquired  (he 
properties  of  a  dome.     The  done 
was  closed  somewhat  suddenly  aad 
flatly  by  cutting  the  upper  skifaB  in 
a  wedge-form,  mstead  cMf  the  moie 
rectangular  shape  of  thoae  hetow. 


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TRAVELS,  MANNISaSi  .&e.        sa»» 


'The  xoof  waft  ftbratd^t  £wt  h]^» 
and  the  htt  aperture  was  ihut  up 
If  a  mall  conical  piece.       The 
whole  was  huilt  from  within^  and 
eadi  sli^  was  cut  so  that  it  retained 
its  position  without  fe^puring  sup- 
port, until  another  was  phuwd  he- 
side  it,  the  lightness  of  the  slabs 
mady  fiiriliteting  the  q^nration. 
When^  the  huilding  wa^  covered 
in,  a  littk  loose  snow  was  thrown 
orer  it,  to  close  up  every  chink^  and 
a  lew  door  was  cut  through  the 
walls  with  the  knife.    A  bed-plaee 
was  next  ibrmed,  and  neatly  faced 
up  with  slabs  of  snow,  which  was 
then  covered  with  a  thin  layer  of 
pine    branches,  to  prevent   them 
fiom  melting  by  the  heat  of  the 
body.     At  each  end  of  Uie  bed,  a 
piUar  ci  snow  was  erected  to  place 
•a  lamp  upcm^  and  lastly,  a  porch 
was  built  before  the  door,  and  a 
piece  of  clear  ice  was  ^aced  in  an 
aperture  out  in    the  wall  for  a 
window. 

During  the  dreary  winter 
months,  the  officers  of  the  expedi- 
tion employed  themselves  in  writ- 
ing oat  thcnr  journals,  oonstructiag 
the  charts  of  their  route,  cakulat- 
inff  theiesuhs  of  their  observations ; 
tad  Messrs.  Hoed  and  Back  in 
finishing  their  drawings.  The 
people  were  chiefly  engaged  in 
seeking  firewood.  Captain  Frank- 
lin gives  the  following  sketch,  as 
the  usual  routine  of  Uieir  life  at 
Fort  Enterpriae: 

''  In  the  evenings  we  joined  the 
umi  in  the  hall,  and  tocuc  a  part  in 
their  games,  which  generally  con- 
tinued to  a  late  hour ;  in  short,  we 
never  found  the  time  to  hang  heavy 
uyoQ  our  hands ;  and  the  peculiiu: 
oeeapations  of  e9ch  of  the  officers 
affinded  them  more  emplo3rm^it 
than  mi^t  at  first  be  sui^Nised. 
I  re-oaloulated  the  obanrvataons 
made  on  our  route;  Mr.  Hood 
protracted  the  charts,  and  made 


drawings  of  buds»  pkata,  and  fishes. 
Each  of  the  pavty  sediilfmily  and 
separately  recorded  their  observe* 
tions  en  tiie  aurora,  and  Dr.  Rii^ 
ardsoB  contrived  to  obtain  from 
under  the  snow  specimens  of  most 
of  the  lichens  in  the  neighbour- 
hood,  and  to  make  himself  ae- 
queinted  with  the  mineralogy  of 
the  surrounding  eouatry. . 

"  The  SabbaiUi  was  always  a  day 
of  rest  with  us;  the  woodmen 
were  required  to  provide  for  the 
exttencies  of  that  day  on  Saturda^^ 
and  the  party  were  dressed  la 
their  best  attire.  Divine  servioe 
was  regularly  perfinrmed,  and  the 
Canadians  attended,  and  behaved 
with  great  decorum,  although  they 
were  all  B^mian  oatholios»  and  bat 
little  acquainted  with  the  language 
in  whidi  the  prayers  were  reM# 
I  regretted  mnch  that  we  had  not 
a  French  Prayer-book;  but  the 
Lord's  prayer  and  Creed  wene 
always  read  to  them  in  their  own 
language. 

^'  Our  diet  consisted  almost  en- 
tirely of  rein-deer  meat,  varied 
twice  a  week  by  fish,  and  occasion- 
ally by  a  little  flour,  but  we  had 
no  v^^etaUes  of  aanr  descsiptioo. 
On  the  Sunday  mornings  we  drank 
a  cup  of  chocolate ;  but  our  great- 
est luxury  was  tea  (without  sugar), 
of  which  we  regularly  partook 
twice  a  day.  With  rein^deers'  fi^, 
and  strips  of  cotton  shirty  we 
formed  candles ;  and  Henbuni  ac- 
quired considerable  skill  in  the 
manufacture  of  soi^p,  from  the 
wood-ashes,  fat,  and  salt.  The 
formation  of  soap  was  oonsiderad 
as  rather  a  mysterious  operation 
by  our  Canadians,  and,  m  their 
hands,  was  always  supposed  to 
fail,  if  a  woman  approttcmed  the 
kettle  in  whidi  thei^  wasbpiling. 
Such  are  our  simple  domestic  d»* 
tails." 
R*2 


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MCr    ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1823. 


TbeC^ODptt  IndiiDS  ai;«  detcribea 
Miiearlf  the  nune  with  die  CUpcs- 
W^ftaijkiiidi^cEljoiiCfVolciitiiidispo* 
iMkmy  atid  oopabk  of  strong  attikeh*- 
iiimt8«  lik  the  lodg  joorney  of  Mf . 
Bedc^  wbcneter  thejr  cau^t  t  fowl 
ttt  a  Mi>  thejr  btought  H  to  him, 
am  Would  the}^  panake  of  it  ti& 
Ike  Ittd  ttlMed  hk  h«mget>  though 
they  had  pt(i%ttfa)y  not  tMted  fbod 
ft»  ft  ^Oti^le  of  dftjfs.  '^  It  iiras  a 
MttHnietKni  to  me/'  sa}^  thii  offic^^ 
^lo  b^old  these  poor  creatures  en^ 
lo)fifig  diemselveB;  ibr  thej  had 
•ehir^  itk  the  most  exem^ary  and 
Mirt  UMmtier  towards  the  party, 
ttfid  With  ft  generosity  and  Sjribpi^ 
thy  seldoin  found  e^en  in  the  more 
diiliMlpartsoftiie  world;  and 
th^  attention  and  itfibction  whidh 
'lliey  manifested  towards  their 
WlTfes,  erinoed  a  benevcdenee  rf 
disposition  and  goodness  of  miture^ 
whidi  could  not  filil  to  secure  the 
Ipptohatlon  of  the  most  indifibent 
l>bserTer.-  Captain  Franklin  gives 
an  amusing  instance  of  their  sim- 

2idty.  That  old  chief  had  a 
ughteir^  Who  was  bohsidered  the 
greateiit  bmuty  in  the  whole  tribe, 
tnd  so  much  the  object  of  oonteft 
Mnong  her  eountr3rmen>  that  al- 
Miough  under  i^teen  years  of  i^ 
she  had  belonged  to  two  husbands 
fttMMflsit^y*  Mr.  HoOd  drew  her 
jMHxfdt,  mudi  to  the  annoyance  of 
ner  aged  mollier,  who  was  etceed- 
!figly  afraid,  ite  Mdd,  th&t  hMr 
daughter's  belinty  i^rould  induce 
the  great  chief  who  resided  in  Engu 
tend,  to  send  for  the  origind, 
lifter  seeing  the  Hkenesl 

It  was  not  befbre  the  Uth  of 
June,  that  the  Indians  considered 
1^  ice  to  have  sufficiency  broken 
np^  ^e  Copper-mine  River,  to  ad- 
unt  of  its  being  navigated  by 
ettioes.  By  this  time  their  stock 
of  provisions  was  pretty  i^early 
exhausted,  and  it  became  evident 


tfiat,  as  ^itj  prorteded  down  Ae 
liver^  their  tutore  sobaatencje  nnst 
depend  on  the  sooceas  of  tfe 
hnnters ;  these  hunters^  bowcfa, 
as  the  time  of  departuresp^ftftidBe^ 
began  to  ttanifest  a  dosidfld  vosd- 
tanee  tO  uroeced.  It  apposffod, 
tfpon  idquiry,  that  a  Mr.  Woefc%  a 
cicim  of  the  Nortb*weet  Con|nBy, 
had  been  tampering  wMi  ^lefli, 
ting  the  objecl  of  iIk 
Ltion,  and  ^he  diMCter  ef 
^  officers  employed.  Itwasidlh 
the  utraosi  dimcidty  the  trafimm^ 
aUe  impressions  tbittcreatodoo  de 
minds  of  the  Indians,  were  re- 
moved ;  and  even  after  tins  had 
been  done,  liie  dread  of  the  Eaqpv- 
maux  Auniriied  anotterc^rtaekto 
their  proc^eeding.  At  length,  tow- 
ever,  an  difficuMei  bong  ssr- 
motmtedj  tiie  whole  p^^^  p"^ 
ceeded  to  the  CoppeNmiM  Bivir; 
which,  like  all  those  whkh  they 
had  hitherto  navigated,  w«i  ftiBcf 
Tocks^  rapids  and  shoals,  nid  in 
many  plaees  bridged  yiinAk  hige 
masses  of  ice.  The  graai^  pUis 
on  either  side,  however>  abonndid 
with  nme,  partionlarly  witii  tiaft 
stogufiff  little  animal  bioWB  by  the 
name  of  the  musk  ox,  cf  whkh 
they  killed  a  great  number,  btt 
all  of  them  lean,  and  tiie  tah 
by  no  means  palatable. 

Thte  herds  of  deer  and  itaik 
oscen  ttttrsct  great  numben  of 
bean  and  wolves.  Thekttarisi 
gregarious  animal,  end  aoiagadDUl^ 
as  rarefy  to  be  caught  in  any  kind 
of  trap.  Infbnor  hn  spaed  to  the 
moose  tM  rein-deer,  ^leae  ««»- 
tnres  me  said  to  have  reoome  to  a 
stetttagem  whi^  sddom  fails  o 
auoceed,  in  plftces  wbwt  t 
j^ains  are  bounded  by 
diA. 

» Whilst  the  deer  sro  qnitciy 
gracing,  the  wolvea  awmahlt  ib 
numbtTBi  and,  fotmiag  n 


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TRAVELS,  MANNERS,  Ice.         2ei^, 


cnmM,  fPDup  dowfy  towards  Ike 
h<^  80  a«  BOt  to  alana  them  auch 
at  finty  but  when  ^ey  pooeive 
thikt  thay  h«ve  £urly  henmed  in 
the  iia«Mpeoftiiig  creature  and  cut 
off  their  radacat  aonMg  tbe  plain, 
thej  move  mora  quiokly,  and  with 
hidieoui  yelb  terrify  their  prey 
and  nr^  them  to  iight  by  the  onljr 

ri  wa^y  which  is  that  towards 
precipice ;  appearing  to  know, 
that  wlien  i^e  herd  u  once  at 
AiU  speed,  it  is  easily  driven  aver 
the  c£fi|  the  rearmost  urging  on 
those  that  are  before.  The  wolves 
then  descend  at  dieir  leisure,  and 
feast  on  the  mangled  carcases  ^' 

This  Btn^agem  was  attempted 
on  Dr.  Bicharason,  when  sitting 
musing  one  evening,  on  the  sum- 
mit of  a  pveeipioe,  overlooking  the 
Copper-mine  nivar.  Hearing  an 
indistinct  nmse,  behind  him,  he 
leoked  round  and  peroeived  nine 
whito  w<dves  advancing  towards 
him  in  a  cresoent,  evidently  with 
the  intention  of  driving  him  down 
the  steep ;  but  cm  his  rising  and 
waUdng  towtods  them,  ^y  rea- 
dily made  an  opening  and  let  him 
pass:  a  poor  deer,  whidi  was 
hemmed  in  at  the  same  time,  less 
bold  er  less  fortimate,  was  shortly 
al^erwardsdriven  over  the  pred^ee* 
On  arriving  at  the  Ci^^per  moun- 
tfthis,  near  ^e  foot  of  which  the 
river  flows,  the  canoes  sto^^ped,  to 
i^low  a  party  to  land  and  go  in 
aearcii  of  coppor.  The  hei^t  of 
these  mountmns  is  said  to  be  from 
liSOO  to  1,500  feet  In  the  val- 
leys  were  small  rivulets,  in  the 
beds  of  which  were  found  several 
pieoes  of  native  copper  and  various 
coppmrores.  These  places  are  still 
frequented  by  the  Esquimaux,  for 
the  purpose  cf  {Hcking  up  peeesof 
Ihb  metal ;  but  the  annual  viaits 
cf  the  Copper  IndimM  have  been 
dbtonliniiei,  sinoe  tliey  have  been 


enahkd  to  ditain  aaonply  e(  isdn 
for  thttr  instruments,  i]^  theastaki ' 
IWiment  of  tha  company's  trading 
posts  so  far  to  the  nmidiward. 

The  country  b^ond  thisaa  nunm* 
t^s  aHwued  porfectly  naked  of 
wood,  exeeptiBff  on  the  bordars  of 
the  river,  which  were  firinsped  with 
a  few  stunted  pines  and  dw^vf 
shrubs;  but  the  plains  wesa  wall 
dolled  with  grass*,  and  enlivmiad 
with  herds  of  game.  Being  now 
oply  about  ten  or  twelve  miles  fiwm 
the  n^  or  casoide  wheie  jHegrae 
had  the  first  iirterview  with  tha 
Esquimaux,  it  was  deemed  eipedi* 
eat  to  send  forward  the  two  inter- 
preters of  this  nation,  in  ader  if 
possible,  to  tranqirillign  the  miaia 
of  their  countryman,  with  r^aari 
to  the  object  of  the  «nedraon« 
At  the  '*  Bloody  fall**  of  HewmaE, 
Ihey  fell  in  with  a  small  party  of 
these  people  fishing,  but  could  not 
prevail  on  them  to  eome  over  to 
the  same  side  of  theriver  on  which 
the  interpretera  stood ;  they  weca 
able,  however,  to  converse  with 
them,  and  to  receive  their  wishes 
tobeon  friendly  tarms  with  the 
Indians;  but  on  the  appeaiaiiee  of 
the  party,  who,  having  bmm  to 
entertain  fears  £n  the  ssm^  of 
their  interpreters,  had  inoonsidar^ 
ately  advanced,  they  made  offaerasa 
the  hills,  and  the  only  subsequent 
intercourse  was  with  an  dd  Ssqui* 
maux,  who  had  crouohed  behind  a 
rock  unable  to  make  his  esa^>e» 
Th^  returned,  however,  in  the 
course  of  the  nis^t,  threw  down 
their  hovels,  and  left  their  nraiiezu 
tf  strewed  about.  It  consmtad  of 
stone  ketdes  and  hatdiets,  a  (kw 
fish^^earsef  copper,  ssmm  sUas, a 
quantity  of  dried  aahnon,  half  pu- 
trid and  coMiraced  with  maggoU,  and 
two  dried^  miee  -te  sueh  shifts  »e 
tiiese  poor  people  driven  te  their 
wiater'seubsistaMa. 


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262»  ANNUAL  REGISTBR,    1B23. 


Several  human  skulls,  wbich 
bore  the  marks  of  violem»,  and  a 
number  of  bones  were  scattered 
^bout  the  ground^  near  to  the  rapid 
or  shelving  cascade^  the  length  of 
which  is  about  three  hundred  yards, 
with  a  &11  of  twelve  or  fifteen 
feet  As  this  ^t,  a  few  miles 
cmlv  from  the  sea,  answered  ex- 
actly to  the  description  given  by 
Heame,  where  the  inhuman  mas- 
sacre of  the  Esquimaux  was  per- 
petratedby  the  Chipewyan  Indians, 
the  party  could  have  no  doubt  of 
this  beinff  the  identical  place,  not- 
withstanding the  great  difference 
between  its  actufu  latitude  and 
longitude,  and  those  given  by  that 
traveller.  Its  position,  ascertained 
by  their  observations  is  lat  67^42^ 
35"  N.,  long.115*'  49'  33''  W. ,  be- 
ing no  less  than  4i  degrees  of 
latitude  more  southerly,  and  4|  de- 
sees  of  longitude  less  westerly 
ttian  those  laid  down  by  Heame, 
and  which,  by  his  chart,  appear  to 
be  about  the  lat.  72%  and  long. 
120^. 

At  this  spot  the  Indians  finally 
determined  to  quit  the  party,  being 
terrified  at  the  very  name  of  Es- 
quimaux; and  Mr.  Wentxd  re- 
zetumed  with  them,  having  re- 
ceived instructions  from  captain 
Franklin  to  lay  in  a  stock  of  pro- 
visions at  Fort  Enterpriro,  and  to 
leave  a  letter  there  to  inform  him, 
in  what  quarter  he  might  expect 
to  Ml  in  with  the  hunters,  in  the 
months  of  S^tember  and  Octo- 
ber, in  the  event  of  his  being 
obliged  to  make  for  that  place, 
across  the  barren  grounds.  Some 
of  the  Canadians  also  wished  to 
return ;  and  it  required  no  little 
address  to  persuade  them  to  the 
contrary,  and  to  keep  up  their 
spirits.  They  were  much  amused, 
however,  with  the  first  view  of 
the  aea,  and  particularly  with  the 


seals  that  were  pli^rxng  about; 
but  these  sensations  soon  gave  way 
to  despondency:  they  beuuue 
alarmed  at  the  idea  of  lawnf^ing 
upon  an  icy  sea,  in  bark  canoes,— 
at  the  probable  length  of  the 
voyage,— the  roughness  of  the 
water, — the  uncertainty  of  procur- 
ing provisions,  and  the  exposure  to 
coM,  where  no  fuel  could  be  ex- 
pected. 

At  the  advanced  period  of  the 
2 1  St  of  July,  twenty  people,  of 
whom  fifteen  had  never  seen  silt 
water,  launched  upon  the  loo^ 
and  chilly  Hyperbcurean  Ocean,  m 
two  miserable  birch-bark  canoes, 
with  no  more  provisions  of  all 
kinds  than  fifteen  days'  consump- 
tion, and  with  a  voyage  before 
them  of  not  less  than  tw^ve  hun- 
dred geographical  miles.  Fort 
ChurcMQ  was  the  nearest  q^iot  at 
which  they  could  hope  to  meet 
with  a  civilized  human  being. 

Captain  Franklin  had,  it  is  true, 
some  faint  hope  of  meeting  with 
tribes  of  Esquimaux  along  the  coast, 
with  whom  he  mi^ht,  if  neceflaiy, 
pass  the  winter ;  but  not  a  human 
creature  was  seen,  though  the  ves- 
tiges of  habitations  were  occasum- 
ally  visible.  We  do  not  mean  to 
detail  the  discoveries  made  in  the 
geography  and  hydrography  along 
the  northern  coast  of  America,  in 
this  canoe  navigation  of  the  Pohr 
sea.  We  shall  only  observe,  that 
the  sea  was  open,  and,  except  in 
two  or  three  places,  entirely  free 
from  ice^  which  occurred  only  in 
detached  masses,  occasioning  no 
obstruction  to  the  navigation  evtn 
of  canoes ;  that  there  was  little  or 
no  tide ;  and  that,  from  the  posi- 
tion of  the  drift  wood  on  the  west- 
em  sides  of  projecting  headlandi^ 
and  its  con^ting  mostly  of  the  pop* 
lar,  which  grows  along  the  banks  of 
the  M'Kemie's  riveri  and  ii  not 


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TBiVELS,  MANNERS,  &c.  .   •    203?. 


foond  on  ofchers  to  the  east  of  it, 
captain  Franklin  concluded  that  a 
current  was  running  to  the  east- 
ward. One  part  of  the  coast  only 
extended  as  high  as  the  latitude 
of  6S\° ;  this  was  Cape  Tumagain, 
which,  with  Cape  Barrow>near68°, 
forms  the  opening  of  a  very  deep 
gulf  that  runs  to  the  southward 
as  low  down  as  66{°,  or  the  Arctic 
circle.  This  gulf  is  every  where 
studded  with  islands,  indented 
with  sounds,  and  the  most  secjore 
bays  and  harbours^  with  excellent 
anchorage^  on  sm^th  sandy  bot- 
tomsy  into  almost  all  of  which  fall 
rivers  of  clear  fresh  water,  abound- 
ing with  salmon*  trout,  and  other 
esculent  fish.  The  tittemag,  or 
white  fish  of  the  lakes,  a  species 
of  salmon,  was  also  found  to  be 
an  inhabitant  of  th(2  s^t  water. 
Rein-deer  and  musk  oxen  abound- 
ed ;  but  they  were  generally  lean. 
Bears  were  plentiful  along  the 
coast,  and  not  difficult  to  be  killed; 
ihev  were  commonly  fat,  and  their 
fiesh  was  found  of  an  excellent 
fiavour.  On  the  coast  near  Cape 
Barrow,  just  at  the  entrance  of 
the  great  gulf.  Dr.  Richardson 
discovered  a  vein  of  galena  or  lead 
ore,  traversing  gneiss  rocks,  and 
also  some  plates  of  native  copper. 
Captain  Franklin's  original  in- 
tention was  to  return  (if  he  found 
it  necessary  to  return  at  all)  in  as 
direct  a  line  as  the  winding  of  the 
coast  would  admit,  to  the  mouth 
of  Copper-mine  River,  and  thence 
through  the  line  of  woods  extend- 
ing along  the  Great  Bear  and 
Martin  Lakes  as  far  as  Slave  Lake; 
but  their  scanty  stock  of  provi- 
sions having  been  exhausted  before 
they  reach^  the  mouth  of  Hood's 
River,  and  the  coast  holding  out 
little  hope  of  an  adequate  supply, 
at  this  advanced  period  of  the 
msQn^  b«  d^tenm^ed  on  prooeedp 


ing  up  this  latter  river  as  far  as  it 
was  navigable,  and  then,  striking 
across  the  barren  grounds,  to  make 
directly  for  their  Site  winter-quaT'- 
ters  at  Fort  Enterpriire.  Their 
progress  however  was  very  soon 
stopped  by  the  whole  river  tum- 
bliiig  over  a  ridge  of  rock  in  a 
magnificent  cascade  of  250  feet  in 
height,  on  the  other  side  of  which 
it  was  found  to  be  too  rapid  and 
too  full  of  shallows  for  the  canoes 
to  make  any  way.  It  became 
necessary  therefore  to  prepare  for 
a  journey  on  foot ;  and  die  first 
step  was  that  of  converting  the 
canoes  into  two  of  smaller  dunen- 
sions,  to  enable  them  to  cross  the 
lakes  and  rivers  with  which,  they 
had  reason  to  believe,  this  portion 
of  the  continent  was  much  inter- 
sected. Every  part  of  the  bag- 
gage  that  could  be  dispensed  with 
was  left  on  the  spot,  and  two  days 
provision  of  fre^  meat  (all  that 
could  be  carried  in  addition  to  the 
canoes)  put  up  with  the  rest.  , 

At  the  end  of  two  days,  the 
course  of  the  river  turned  so  much 
out  of  their  direct  route,  that  they 
were  obliged  to  quit  its  banks 
altogether,  and  proceed  in  a  straight 
line  towards  Point  Lake,  whose 
i^tance  was  estimated  at  140 
nules.  On  the  5th  of  September, 
three  days  only  after  leaving  the 
river,  the  party  was  surprised  by 
the  unusual  and  unexpected  impear- 
ance  of  winter,  in  a  heavy  fall  of 
snow.  From  this  moment  till  the 
26th  of  the  month,  they  had  to 
struggle  against  cold  and  boister« 
ous  weather;  to  walk  through 
snow  sometimes  two  feet  deep, 
over  a  country  which  scarcely  pro- 
duced a  shrub  for  fuel  above  six 
inches  high;  and  to  guess  their 
wa^  across  an  unknown  land,  un- 
assisted by  celestial  observations 
(the  mm  bwg  constantly  bid  «»» 


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a«4*    ANJftJAL  RfiOISTBl,  1123. 


oBpt  an  HTo  octmiom):  mA,  to 
adid  to  their  miseiy^  they  had 
before  them  the  appalliiig  sight  of 
musk  ozen^  deer^  and  every  othw 
animal,  and  even  the  water  fowl 
(alarmed  at  the  snow),  harrying 
to  the  southward  with  the  utmost 
speed.  In  this  journey  e£  twenty* 
one  days,  all  the  fresh  meat  which 
they  could  procure,  amounted  only 
to  five  davs'  consumption :  the  sc^e 
rosource  tor  the  rest  of  the  time 
bein^  the  iripe  de  roche,  a  species 
of  kchen  whidi  grows  on  the 
vocks:  even  this  weed,  unpalatable 
as  it  was,  could  not  always  be 
found,  so  that  one  scanty  meal  a 
day  was  sometimes  all  that  could 
be  afibrded,  and  several  days  were 
passed  without  eating  at  aU. 

The  labours  of  the  party,  in 
dragging  their  burthens  and  them- 
selves through  the  snow,  did  not 
end  with  the  day.  Though  they 
had  no  food  to  prepare,  it  was 
absolutely  necessary  to  have  some 
little  fire  to  thaw  their  fix>zen 
shoes  at  night ;  and  it  was  no  easy 
task  to  find,  and  dig  from  under 
th*?  Know,  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
stunted  bushes  for  this  piurpose. 
The  fatigue  and  want  of  food  had 
ft  very  sensible  effect  on  ths 
»fa-ength  and  spirits  of  the  Cana- 
dian voyagers,  both  of  which  were 
painfuDy  noticed  to  be  sinking 
very  rapidly ;  yet,  encouraged  by 
the  officers,  they  endured,  for  a 
time,  their  miseries  with  as  much 
patience  as  could  be  expected.  At 
length,  however,  on  finding  the 
line  of  their  route  interrupted  by 
frequent  lakes,  which  required 
them  to  make  circuitous  joiuneys, 
and  seeing  no  hope  of  speedily 
reaching  their  destined  point,  they 
began  to  despair  of  their  safbty, 
and  becoming  alike  indifferent  to 
promises  or  threats,  seemed  to 
«wwid«:  themsdtw  as  liberated 


firtam  all  txnOtA*  To  aid  t»  ite 
nisery  which  itavid  them  is  Ae 
fiK»,  one  of  the  canoea  wai  raft* 
dered  uttless  by  an  accifent,  aai 
soon  afber,  thnmeh  the  aattaitioB 
and  insubordina&n  of  aonie  of  tfaa 
party,  the  other  was  idaa  dashed  ia 
pieoes,  though  those  wtKieanieita 
knew,  from  the  ooutaa  cf  tte 
Copper-nine  River,  that  it  wovli 
be  essentially  nece«ary  to  emoAM 
them  to  cross  it. 

On  the  S6th  of  September,  the 
whole  party  arrived  en  the  haafci 
of  this  river;  and  having  kfflei 
five  snail  deer,  b^an  toeongra- 
tolate  themsdves  on  their  ^od 
forttine  in  having  procured  aa  amoh 
fresh  meat  as,  with  due  care,  wooli 
serve  them  till  tiieir  arrival  at 
Fort  EntaTri^e.  The  weaker  Isa 
had  become  mild,  and  ^k  Oma* 
dians  considered  their  mirfialuaw 
at  an  end.  In  the  midat  of  thdr 
joy  they  forgot  that,  in  €bsai  ^ 
hess,  they  had  deprived 
selves  of  the  only  means  of 
ing  the  river  wUdi  ky  betv 
them  and  the  place  of  theirji 
tination.  The  shores  of 
Lake  were  •earched  in  viin  §m 
pines  to  make  a  raf^  The  nest 
e3^)edient  was  to  coQect  fi»eta  af 
dried  willows,  and  with  «iae  t» 
fVame  a  sort  of  float;  but  tins  * 
fbund  an  unmanageable 
in  a  stream  without  the  i 
of  oars  or  poles.  In  abort, 
whole  days,  mostly  of  fine  ^ 
(and  the  only  fine  weathet  ^icy 
had),  were  consumed  in  dofiaqg 
means  for  crossing  the  Copper* 
mine  River.  -      * 

In  this  hopeless  condition,  wilh 
starvation  staring  them  in  the  be^ 
Dr.  Richardson,  actuated  by  ihr 
noble  desire  of  making  a  liA 
effort  for  the  safety  of  3ic  party, 
imdertook  the  hasaxdons 
liriie  of   swinoniiig 


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TRATSIS,  ITAKNERft,  &».         2i|t 


(alNxtt  180  ysrcls)  wiA  a 
Um  altiched  to  liis  hoij;  8t  a 
tiaie  wlien  yie  merMury  in  tftte  tiieiw 
Mwroeter  «tood,  in  the  air,  bebw 
Ae  i^^eesing  pointy  and  in  iShe 
Kvatcr  at  969.  He  snceeeded  in 
wacliM  veiy  neaiiy  tkc  opposite 
teok  when>  benniD^ed  with  oold^ 
he  Io8t  the  power  of  moring  his 
liabs^  and  was  ohserved  bjr  his 
saxioDs  companions  to  disappear 
beneath  the  surface.  It  may  easily 
he  imagined  what  their  feeKngs 
were  at  liiis  moment.  Theyeageny 
dragged  him  hadk  by  the  line,  and 
drew  him  out  of  the  water  with 
fittle  or  no  hope  of  restoring  ani- 
mation. By  wrapping  the  body  in 
hlanlrets,  however,  roMm^it  and 
laying  it  before  a  fire,  he  was  at 
fcng^  restored  to  Kfe,  hot,  as 
inight  be  supposed,  resrained  for 
tene  time  in  a  very  enfocbled  state. 

No  other  person  of  the  party 
ebuld  be  found  to  repeat  the  expe- 
ttroent ;  but  a  land  of  ba^et  was 
at  leugUi  oonstmcted  which,  when 
wvcred  over  wiA  a  few  fragments 
«f  canvas  they  had  luckify  pre- 
tenred,  it  was  hoped  might  enahle 
them  to  pass  the  river  /but  it  was 
t^pdite  only  of  holding  one  per- 
son. In  this  basket  Percy  St. 
Germain,  one  of  the  inteipreters, 
f^  volunteered  to  paddle  over, 
tanying  with  him  a  line,  and 
happily  he  succeeded ;  it  was  then 
drawn  back,  and  a  second  crossed, 
and  so  on  tiB  the  whole  party  had 
crossed  over  without  any  serious 
accident,  thou^  their  frail  vessel 
was  filled  with  water  at  every  tra- 
verse, and  generally  sunk  before 
It  readied  the  shore. 

It  was  now  the  4th  of  October, 
and  diey  were  within  forty  miles 
of  Fort  Enterprise ;  but  the  wea- 
ther had  a^dn  resumed  its  severity^ 
.the  gnmni  was  covered  with  snow, 
tbe  last  morsel  of  their  foed  was 


espendad,  and  the  whole  fmf^ 
naseraUy  reduced  l^  th^  recent 
seanty  fare,  and  then-  exettiotts  19 
orossmg  the  river.  Under  lliese 
ekeumstances,  captain  Franklin 
deemed  it  expedient  to  p«h  for-* 
ward  Mr.  Bade  with  thr»^  of  the 
voyagers  m  seaich  of  the  In^Kns, 
who,  it  was  hoped,  would  be  found 
ki  the  neigUxmrhood  of  Port  En* 
tetprice.  The  rallowing  day  the 
remainder  moved  fbnvards,  and 
procared  a  meal  of  the  tripe  de 
lodie,  whidi  produced,  however, 
such  distressing  complaints  on  some 
•f  the  party,  and  reduced  Ihem  to 
such  a  state  of  weakness,  as  to 
(ddige  them  to  leave  every  thing 
except  tiieir  personal  baggage;  aid 
even  wi&  this,  two  <ttthe  peode 
dropped  bdiiad,  about  ^  middle 
of  t£e  second  ^b/s  march,  ntteriv 
unaUe  to  proceed.  Dr.  Richard 
son,  weak  as  he  vras  from  fai0  late 
exertion,  went  ba<^  in  search  of 
tiiese  two  unfortunate  men.  He 
found  one  of  them,  at  I3ie  disftance 
of  a  m^  and  a  half,  Ijring  ex" 
haorted  in  the  snow,  talking  in^ 
coherently,  and  evidendy  m  a 
dyinff  state ;  but  of  the  other  he 
could  discover  no  trace.  On  re- 
turning with  this  information,  a 
halt  was  made,  a  fire  kindled  with 
a  few  stunted  willows,  and  every 
argument  used  to  induce  t}te  ablest 
of  Ae  party  to  endeavour  to  brine 
forward  the  poor  man  who  had 
follen,  and  renew  the  search  for 
^e  other ;  but  they  idl  declared  ^ 
their  utter  inability,-  and,  revcdt- 
ing  as  it  was  felt  to  humanity,  both 
were  of  necessity  abandoned  to 
their  fate. 

As  there  was  every  reason  to 
fear  that  others  of  the  party  woiM 
speedily  sink  under  the  combined 
pressure  of  fieiniine,  fetigue,  and 
inclement  weather,  and  as  those 
who  wero  strongest  hadjDCXRlffMl 


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%^   ANNUAL  HEOISTER,  J^23. 


tbmr  tkxcotg  of  throwiag  dawn 
tlieir  loadsy  aii4  pushing  with  their 
utmost  qpeed  for  Fort  Enterprize^ 
dumf^  they  knew  not  a  foot  c^ 
the  way.  Dr.  Richardson  and  Mr. 
Hood  generously  proposed  to  halt. 
St  the  first  plaice  that  offered  a 
smqply  of  fire-woody  and,  with  the 
weSk  and  wom-down  of  the  party, 
to  remain  there  till  assistance 
should  he  sent  to  them  f^rom  the 
Fort  To  this  arrangement  cap*-^ 
tain  Franklin  reluctantly  consent* 
ed ;  hut  as  he  had  every  reason  to 
hope  that  he  should  find  a  dep6t 
of  provisions  at  Fort  Enteiprize, 
and  a  hand  of  Indians  in  the 
neighbourhood,  according  to  the 
arrangement  made  with  Mr. 
Wentsel,  he  saw  no  other  means 
of  safety.  The  English  seaman, 
John  Hepburn,  volunteered  to  re* 
main  behind. 

"  Their  tent,"  says  captain 
Franklin,  "  being  secuiely  pitched, 
a  few  willows  were  collected,  and 
the  ammunition  and  all  other  ar- 
ticles deposited,  exo^t  each  man's 
pIothin|^,  one  tent,  a  sufficiency  of 
ammunition  for  the  journey,  and 
the  oflioers*  journals.  I  had  only 
one  blanket,  which  was  carried  for 
me,  and  two  pair  of  shoes.  The 
efe:  was  now  made  for  any  of  the 
men,  who  felt  themselves  too  weak 
to  proceed,  to  remain  with  the 
officers,  but  none  of  them  accepted 
it.  Michel  alone  felt  some  inclina- 
.tiontodoso.  After  we  had  united 
in^  thanksgivinff  and  prayers  to  Al« 
piighty  God,  f  separated  from  my 
companions,  deeply  affiicted  that  a 
train  of  melancholy  circumstances 
should  have  demanded  of  me  the 
severe  trial  of  parting  from  friends 
an  such  a  conditioQ,  who  had  be- 
come endeared  to  me  by  their  con- 
ttant  kindness,  and  co-operation, 
and  a  partidnation  of  numerous 
fMfibrings.    Tlus  trial  I  could  not 


h^ure  been  induced  to  uadogB,  hit 
fat  thereasons  they  had  so  Strang 
ui^ged  the  day  before,  to  which  ffij 
own  judgment  assented,  and  for  Uie 
sanguine  hope  I  ielt,  of  either  find- 
ing A  sumdy  of  provisions  at  Fvt 
EnterpruEe,  or  meeting  the  Indisoft 
in  the  immediate  vicmity  of  that 
place,  according  to  my  aizaog^ 
ments  with  Mr.  Wentsel  ud 
Akaitcho.  Previously  to  ouratBit- 
iog,  Peltier  and  Benoit  repeated 
their  promises,  to  return  to  theai 
with  provisions,  if  any  should  be 
found  at  Uie  house,  or  to  guided 
Indians  tp  them,  if  any  were  met" 
The  parting  took  pkce  on  the 
7th  of  October,  at  the  distance  (£ 
about  twenty-four  miles  fixxn  Fat 
Enterprixe ;  the  party,  who  pp** 
ceeded  with  captain  Franklin,  coo- 
sisted  of  eight  persons  beades  him* 
self,  of  whom  two,  feeliog  tbeni- 
selves  unable  to  proceed,  left  him 
on  the  following  day  to  return  to 
Dr.  Richardson ;  the  next  daj  s 
third  fainted ;  and  a  fourth,  unable 
to  go  on,  was  sent  back  ;^-hat  one 
of  them  only  arrived,-^ (it  v* 
Michel,  the  Iroquois;)  the  otlwr 
three  were  no  more  heard  (f 
With  the  remaining  fourc^taia 
Franklin  reached  t£e  fort  on  the 
evening  of  the  11  th,  in  a  aUte  (s 
complete  exhaustion,  having  taitea 
no  food  for  five  days,  exoeptiwr « 
single  meal  of  tripe  de  roche.  ib^ 
was  not  the  worst ;  to  their  utter 
sorrow  and  dismay,  and  as  a  fs^ 
blow  to  every  hope  by  which  th^ 
had  been  animated,  they  f(^ 
the  place  desolate — no  provisicai^ 
no  Mr.  Back,  no  Mr.  Wentsel  nor 
any  letter  fiom  him  to  point  out 
where  the  Indians  were!  not  a 
trace  at  any  living  anim^  andthe 
ffround  covered  with  a  p^^ 
depth  of  snow  than  it  had  been  « 
the  month  of  December  the  p^ 
ceding  y«ir« 


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TRAVELS,  MANKBRS,  &ic.".       209*. 


Reoovered  from  the  first  shock 
of  so  dreadful  a  disappointment^ 
a  note  was  oi)8eryed  in  the  hand- 
writing of  Mr.  Backy  stating  that 
be  Had  reached  the  house  on  the 
9th.,   and  that  he  had  gone  on  in 
flearch  of  the  Indians.     Four  days 
after  this,  a  messenger  from  hun 
brouj^t  the  eidiausted  {»rtj  the 
woetnl  intelligence  that  his  seardt 
bad  been  unsuccessfuL     Solicitous 
for  tbe  fate  which  must  inevitahly 
await    Dr.    Richardson    and    his 
party  ;  imaUe  to  stir  himself,  from 
oebiHtpr,  and  the  only  hunter  he 
bad  with  him  falling  sick,  captain 
Franklin's    situation    may    more 
easily  be  conceived  than  expressed ; 
be  rallied  his  spirits,  however,  and 
after    collecting  some   old   shoes, 
scraps  of  leather  and  skins  with  the 
bair   singed  d^    their  only  food 
after  reaching  the  honse^  he  set 
out^  with  two  of  the  Canadians,  in 
quest  of  the  Indians,  but  soon  found 
bimself  utterly  unable  to  proceed, 
and  returned  to  the  house  of  misery 
and  desolation  the  ffdlowing  day. 
Hopdess  however  as,  in  every  way, 
bis  situation  now  appeared  to  be, 
ibis    gallant    officer    never    once 
uttered  a  murmur,  nor  eave  him- 
self up  to  despEur.     He  £spatched 
two  of  the  strongest  to  endeavour 
to  find  out  the  Indians,  and  inform 
them  of  their  dreadful  situation ; 
and  kept  the  other  tbree,    who 
were  reduced  to  the  last  extremity, 
with  himself. 

Eighteen  days  were  passed  in 
this  miserable  condition,  with  no 
other  food  than  the  bones  and  skins 
of  the  deer  which  had  been  con- 
sumed the  preceding  winter  boiled 
down  into  a  kind  of  soup ;  when,  on 
the  29th  of  October,  Dr.  Richard- 
son and  John  Hepburn  made  their 
Appearance,  but  without  the  rest 
01  the  party. 
"Wc  were  0II  shocked/'  aaya 


a^t^  Franklin,  ''  on  bebcOdilig 
the  emaciated  conntenanoes  of  the 
doctor  and  Hepburn,  as  they 
strongly  evidenced  their  eiXxeOiib 
debilitated  state.  The  alteration 
in  our  appearance  was  equaUy  ^^ 
tressing  to  them,  for  since'  the 
swdlings  had  subsided,  we  wcjre 
little  more  than  skin  and  bone. 
The  doctor  particularly  remarked 
the  sepulchral  tone  of  our  votoe^ 
which  he  reqtiested  us  to  make 
more  cheerful  if  possible,  uncon- 
scious that  his  own  partook  of  the 
same  key." 

The  melancholy  tale  (tf  what  had 
befjodlen  them  is  well  aadfeelin^y 
told  by  Dr.  Richardson. 

It  appears  that^  on  the  first  two 
days,  they  had  nothing  whatever 
to  eat ;  that  on  the  evening  of  the 
thiid  day,  Midiel,  the  omy  sar- 
viving  man  of  die  four  whom 
captam  Franklin  had  sent  back^ 
arrived  with  a  hare  and  a  partridge^ 
which  enabled  them  to  liesk  tbeir 
lonff  fast.  Another  day  passed 
without  eating ;  Mr.  Hood  very 
weak  and  unwelL  On  the  1 1th, 
Michel  brought  them  part  of  what 
he  ddled  a  wolf,  which  he  said 
bad  been  killed  by  a  stride  of  a 
deer's  bom.  "  We  imj^ioitly  be- 
lieved this  story  then,"  says  Dr. 
Richardson,  "  hiit  afterwards  be- 
came convinced,  from  circum- 
stances, the  detail  of  which  may 
be  spaied,  that  it  must  have  been 
a  portion  of  the  body  of  Belanger, 
or  Perrault,"  two  of  the  unfortu- 
nate men  whom  captam  Franklin 
had  sent  bock,  and  one  or  both  of 
whom  it  was  strongly  suspectad 
had  fallen  bv  the  hands  of  the 
Iroquois.  This  man's  bad  condnet 
since  his  return  jprew  daily  worse  | 
he  absented  hunself  from  die 
party;  refused  either  to  hunt,  at 
to  fetdi  wood;  and  fi^uen^ 
threatenei  to  leare  them,    flood. 


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368*    AN17tTAL  SEOfSTER,  1823. 


vm  mnw  amldng  htA;  he  was 
tta$l)le  to  ttt  the  tripe  de  roche, 
(tnd  tb^  had  nothing  dae),  on 
aooount  A  the  coosUmt  griping  it 
produoed^ 

■  ^^At  this  period  we  aToided"j8By6 
Or.  RichaituKm,  ^^as  mudi  as  pos- 
sSde  coiureniag  upon  the  hopdess- 
new  of  our  situation,  and  g^ierally 
elideaTOured  to  lead  the  convena- 
tum  towards  our  future  proniects 
ia  life.  The  fact  is,  that,  with  the 
decay  of  our  strengdi,  our  minds  de-* 
cayed,  and  we  were  no  longer  ahk 
to  bear  the  contemplation  of  the 
hnnaon  that  surrounded  us.  Each 
Of  ^,  if  I  may  be  allowed  to  judge 
firom  my  own  case,  excused  him-* 
sdf  from  so  doing  by  a  desire  of 
not  fdioddng  the  feelings  of  the 
others,  for  we  were  soisihle  of  one 
another's  weakness  of  intellect, 
thou^  blind  to  our  own.  Y^  we 
were  calm  and  resigned  to  our  fiette, 
not  a  murmur  escaped  us,  and  we 
were  punotual  and  fervent  in  our 
addsesses  to  the  Supreme  Being. 

**  Through  the  extieme  kindness 
and  foradiought  of  a  lady,  the 
party,  previous  to  leavme  Ixmdon, 
nad  been  furnished  witn  a  small 
collection  of  religious  books,  of 
wUch  we  still  retained  two  or 
three  of  the  most  portable,  and 
they  proved  of  incalculaUe  benefit 
to  us.  We  read  portions  of  them 
to  each  other  as  we  lay  in  bed,  in 
addidon  to  the  morning  and  even- 
il^  sendee,  and  found  that  they 
in^iired  us  <m  each  perusal  wiUi  so 
strong  a  sense  of  tl^  omnipresettoe 
of  a  beneficent  God,  that  our  situa- 
tion,  even  in  these  wilds,  appeared 
no  longer  destitute ;  and  we  con- 
vwsed,  not  only  with  calmnness, 
but  with  cheetfolness,  detailing 
wish  unrestrained  confidence  the 
past  events  of  our  lives,  and  dwells 
ii^  wi^  jK>pe  on  Our  future  pros* 
peds^ 


Five  days  mere  paned  en  fn&/^ 
out  any  fopd  ezcqpt  a  little  tmt 
de  rodie  collected  by  Hepfam,  me 
Iroquois   continuing   siuky,  and, 
thou^  strongest  or  the  party,  ie> 
fusing  to  contribute  to  its  le&f ; 
but  It  was  strongly  soqpecied  hs 
had  a  hidden  supply  of  mest  far 
his  own  use.    Seeing  the  iHbar 
mined   olfastuiacy    aad    iefi:sctory 
spirit  of  this  man.  Dr.  Bidurdsoi 
luid  told  him,  that  if  no  relief  csns 
from  Fort  Enterprise  before  dis 
20th,  H^bum  and  himadf  dioaU 
be  dispatcbed  thither  vrith  a  cani 
pass,  by  the  directicm  cf  wliiofc 
they   mi^t  be   aiaUed  to  find 
the    house.    On   that   veiy  kf 
however,  as  Hepburn  was  cutting 
wood   near   tlie    t^at,    and  Ik. 
Richardson  was  oollecting  tripe  ^ 
roche,  the  miscreant  assasrffifltid 
Mr.  Hood  while  sittiaff  ower  A§ 
fire  in  the  last  stage  of  disease  ani 
debUity.  The  ball  entered  the  bade 
part  o(  hia  head,  and  set  fire  (o 
his  ni^toap.    Hepbom  had  had 
them   conversinff  together  is  as 
angry  tone,  and  unmediatelv  after> 
tlie  rqxirt  of  a  gun ;  and  on  lookitf 
towaids  tiie  spot,  observed  MicW 
rise  from  behind  the  ipot  what 
Mr.  Hopdhad  been  sitting,  anddsrt 
into  the  tent.  It  wasat  cmcedeir, 
fimm  the  oreat  len^  rf  the  gua 
whidi  had  been  discharged,  »at 
such  a  wound   eould    cmfy  h^ 
been  inflicted  by  a  second  perfoo; 
and  if  any  doubt  could  have  <^« 
isted  as  to  the  murdtfer,  Micli^'^ 
own  eonduct  would  at  onoe  hs^ 
removed  it.     From  this  time  be 
would  never  suffer  die  twore»^ 
ing  of  the  party  to  be  together  te 
a  moment ;  lie  waseonstandy  ^ 
ing  if  they  suspected  him  of  ^ 
murdCT?  aometuaes  he  made  ^ 
of  duceatening  language ;  at  odMT 
times   muttering  to  himaed£  ^ 
diimviiig  out  obscure  li^  Ql^ 


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TRAVELS,  MANNERS,  «c. 


kigliiiEifldf£rDmallre8liiult.    In 
short  as  they  proceeded  on  theit 
joartiey  to  join  their  oompanions  at 
Fort  EmeiprLEe,  Us  conduct  be- 
osAie  10  TKuent  «nd  outngeout,  as 
to  convince  botb  the  doctor  and 
Hepburn  that  he  would  attempt 
to  destroy  them  the  first  opporlu** 
mty  that  offered.     His  strength 
was  superior  to  theirs  united,  and 
he  had^  besides  his  gun,  two  pistols^ 
9cn    Indian  bayonet  and  a  knife. 
On  oomine  to  a  rock,  he,  for  the 
first  time,  left  them  tc^;ether>  say- 
ii^  be  would  stop  to  gather  some 
tnpe  de  roche,  and  desued  them  to 
go  on.     Hepburn  now  mentioned 
certain  circumstances,  which  satis- 
fied Dr.  Richardson  ihat  there  was 
no  sofisty  fior  them  but  in  his  death, 
and  he  ofifered  to  be  the  instrument 
of  it.    *  I  determined,   however,* 
says  Dr*  Richardson,     '  as  I  was 
thoroughly  convinced  of  the  neces- 
sity d£  such  a  dreadful  act,  to  take 
the  whole  responsibility  upon  my- 
self;    and     immediately      upon 
Michel's  coming  up,  I  put  an  end 
to  his  life  by  shooting  him  through 
the  bead  with  a  pi^l :  "  had  my 
own    life    alone,"    he   continues, 
*^  been  threatened,  I   would  not 
ha^  purchased  it  by  such  a  mea- 
sure; but  I  considered  myself  as 
totnutted  also  with  the  protection 
of  H^bum's,  a  man  who,  by  his 
humane  att^tions  and  devoted- 
ness,  had  so  endeared  himself  to 
me,  diait  I  felt  more  anidety  for  his 
safety  than  for  my  own."     Michel 
had  gathered  no  tripe  de  roche ; 
and  it  was  ouite  evident  that  he 
had  halted  for  no  other  purpose 
than  that  of  putting  his  gun  in 
order,  to  destroy  them  that  same 
evening  while  engaged  in  setting 
uptlKtent. 

After  dragging  along  their 
fosaaA^  bodies  for  mx  days,  exist- 
iafon  lichenB  and  pieces  of  thesUu 


deak  of  Mr.  Hood,  on  thd.  i^lii 
they  came  in  sif^  of  the  fort  at 
du^;  '*  and,"  says  Dr.  Richard- 
son, ^'  it  is  impossible  to  describe 
our  sensations,  when^  on  attaining 
the  eminence  that  overlooks  it^  we 
beheld  the  smoke  issuing  ftote  one 
of  the  chimneys.  From  not  having 
met  with  any  footsteps  in  the  sno#, 
as  we  drew  ni^  our  once  cheerftil 
residence,  we  had  been  agitated  by 
many  melancholy  forebodings. 
Upon  entering  thie  now  desolate 
building,  we  had  the  satisfaction  of 
embracmg  captain  Franklin^  but 
no  words  can  convey  an  idea  of  the 
filth  and  wretdiedness  that  met 
our  eyes  on  looking  around.  Our 
own  misery  had  stolen  upon  ns  by 
degrees,  and  we  were  accustomed 
to  the  contemplation  of  each  othei^s 
emaciated  figures ;  but  the  chastly 
countenances,  dilated  eye-bcdls^and 
sepulchral  voices  of  Mr.  Franklin 
and  those  with  him  were  more 
than  we  could  at  first  bear." 

Two  of  the  captain's  party  died, 
two  days  after  the  arrival  of  Dt. 
Richardson  and  Hepburn.  The 
only  remaining  man  and  captain 
Franklin  were  so  utterly  unaUe  to 
assist  themselves  that  eLriit-and- 
forty  hoursj  and  probably  half  that 
time,  would  have  put  an  end  to 
their  misery.  The  whole  labour, 
therefore,  of  procuring  fire-wood, 
and  scTBj^g  together  the  old 
pieces  of  skms,  a^  ft^nnents  of 
bone,  devolved  on  Dr.  ^chardson 
and  Hepburn,  whose  strength  was 
now  nqpidly  declining,  anl  very 
nearly  exhausted. 

"  Owing  to  our  loss  of  flesh," 
says  captain  Franklin,  ^'die 
hsurdness  of  the  floor,  from  winch 
we  were  only  protected  by  a 
blanket,  produced  soreness  over  the 
body,  and  fgperially  those  parts 
<m  which  the  wei^t  rested  in 
lying,  yet,  to  turn  ourselves  fior 


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trO»     ANNUAL   RE&ISTEK    1823. 


Mlief  was  a  matter  of  toil  and 
iUfficttUj.    However,  during  thk 
peiiod,  and  indeed  aU  along  afWr 
the  acute  pains  of  hunger,  whidi 
lasted  but  thiee  or  four  days,  had 
subsided,  we  eenerally  enjoyed  the 
comfort  of  a  tew  hours'  sleep.  The 
dreams  which,  for  the  most  part, 
butnotalways,  accompanied  it, were 
usualfy  (thfm|rii  not  mvarial^),  of 
m  feasant  character,  being  very 
eften  about  the  eojojrments  <x  feast- 
ing.    In  the  day  time  we  fell  infeo 
the  practice  of  oonYersing  on  com- 
mon and  light  sulnects,  although 
we    sometimes     mscussed    with 
awriOMsness  and  earnestness  tqpics 
eonnected  with  religion.    We  ge- 
nerally avoided  speaking  direcdy  of 
ourporeSent  9tt&rinfl8,oreven  of  the 
pvoepect  of  relief.  I  observed  that, 
in  proportion  as  our  strensth  de- 
cayed, our  minds  exhibited  symp- 
toms of  weakness,  evinced  by  a 
kind  of  unreasonable  pettiahness 
with    each    other.    Each    oi   us 
thought  die  oth^  weaker  in  intel- 
lect  than    himflelf,  and  more  in 
need  of  advice  and  assistance.     So 
trifling  a  circumstance  as  a  change 
of  plaee^  zeoammended  1^  one  as 
being  warmer  and  move  com£artr 
able,  andrefused.by  the  other  from 
a  dread  of  motion,  frequently  called 
fiirth    fretful    expressions    which 
were  no  sooner  uttered  than  atoned 
fior,  to  be  repeated  perhi^ps  in  the 
course  of  a  few   minutes.     The 
same  thing  often  occurred  when 
we  endeavoured  to  assist  each  other 
in  canying  wood  to  the  fire ;  none 
of  us  were  willing  to  receive  aa- 
sitftanoe,  although   Uie   task  was 
disproportftOned  to  our   strength. 
.  On  one  of  these  occasions  Hepburn 
was  so  convinced  of  lus  wayward- 
less   that    he  exclaimed,   <  Dear 
me^  if  we  are  spared  to  return  to 
England,  I  wonder  if  we  shall  le- 
4»v<ir  our  understandings*' " 


At  loogdi  on  the  7di  of  ] 
ber,  three  Indians,  aent  by  Mc 
Back,  arrived  with  vdief .  '  Tk^ 
deaned  out  the  mom,  cooked  their 
victuals,  had  the  survivon  wasihad 
and  made  comforkalde,  and,  afiber 
leaving  ihe  fort,  attended  them  to 
the  qiot  where  their  tribe  were 
engaged  in  hunting;  giving  up 
their  own  snow-shoes,  keeping  I7 
their  sides,  Hfdng  thorn  ap  wheft 
they  fell ;  and  finally  coffidurting 
them  in  safety  to  the  neoreat  a 
the  company's  posts,  where  duqr 
met  with  their  companion,  fia^ 
whose  8u£Eerings  had  scarcely  beem 
less  than  thdr  own,  and  to  whoae 
exertions  the  survivors  of  the  pmr^ 
unquestionably  owed  their  aafety. 
One  of  the  two  CawadiimB  wlia 
had  accompanied  Mr.  Back,  fe&« 
sacrifice  to  cold,  hui^er,  and 
fatigue.  With  respect  to  the  coon- 
try  over  which  the  expeditioii 
travelled,  partly  by  land,  but 
chiefly  by  water;  a  journey  not 
less  (including  the  navigataon  of 
the  Pokr  Sea)  than  5,500  mik% 
a  great  sameness  of  surface  evet^ 
where  prevails ;  every  valley  ia  • 
lake,  and  every  river  a  stimg  of 
lakes.  There  is  little  variety  in 
the  trees,  consisting  chiefly  of 
larch,  spruce,  and  poplar,  wkidi 
diminish  in  quantity  and  in  aiae, 
in  advancing  to  the  northward. 
The  shrubby  and  hdhaoeoaB 
plants,  the  birds,  the.  beasts,  aai 
the  fidies,  are  everywhere  neatly 
the  same.  Neither  did  the  fiew 
stra^iing  tribes  of  Indiana  afibvd 
any  essential  characteristic  difier- 
ence. 

The  dimate  is  as  bad  as  the 
country  is  uninteresting;  For 
three  or  four  days  in  the  coarse  of 
the  summer,  the  mercury  asocndfJ 
to  BO''  or  90%  and  for  as  many 
months  in  the  winter  was  dewn  to 
30^.  40°  or  50°  below  jsero;  < 


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TRAVELS,  MANNfiliS;  &e.        dm 


\  tb-^Tt  or  tmdegnoB  lower 
lium  die  loweit  that  Parry  found 
it  at  MdnUeliland. 

The  flBBcral  line  of  the  norUieni 
r  or  Amenea  was  found  to  lie 


in  die  directioii^  XMOtdify  of 
and  west;  deviating  little^  oaf^ 
tain  Franklin  thinks,  from  the  lad- 
tudes  of'Rqiulse  Bay,  Heame's 
ftiver,  and  Kotjrebue'a  Sound.  ^ 


Account  of  Captain  Parky'*  Second  Voyage. 


Ok  the  10th  of  October,  the 
Ftnry  and  i^Kla  afrived  at  Lei^ 
wide.  Having  niade  the  northern 
coast  of  fii^i^andon  Thursday  the 
l6dk,  captain  Panry,  lieutenant 
I'loppner,  and  the  reverend  Mr. 
Fisfter  (dw  fhapiain  and  astnmo- 
meat  to  die  expedition)  were  landed, 
and  set  off  for  London,  which  they 
readied  on  die  18di.  Meanwhile 
the  ships  sailed  for  the  river,  and 
va  die  SSnd  moorsd  off  the  dook- 
3fa»d  at  D^rtford. 

'llie  outward  voyage  in  1821, 
was'finr  and  prosperons.  Passing 
up  Hudson's  Straits,  the  navigators 
kept  near  the  land  on  their  Smth, 
and  e^pkned  the  coast  towards 
Repulse  Bay.  The  fordiest  West 
wlocdi  they  attained  was  S&*  of 
longitude,  and  the  highest  U^tude 
only  6ge  48'  N. ;  and  they  finidly 
brou^t  up  liar  winter  quarters  at 
a  small  ide .  which  they  named 
Winter  Idand,  in  82.  53.  West 
hmgitade,  and  latitude  66.  11.  N. 
The  diief  part  of  the  summer  of 
18£1,  was  occuped  in  examining 
Repidse  Bay,  and  some  inlets  to 
the  eastward  of  it,  through  whidi 
they  hoped  to  find  a  passage  into 
die  Poiar  Sea.  In  this  they  were 
diaai^pointed,  for  all  the  opemngs 
provod  to  be  only  deep  inlets, 
which  ran  into  the  contment  of 
America*  While  thus  occupied, 
«arly  in  October  the  sea  began  to 
freeae ;  and  on  the  8th  the  ships 
were  laid  up  for  the  winter.  Here 
at  Winter  Island,  the  expedition 
was  fioaen  up  from  the  8th  of 


October  1821,  to  die  2nd  of  July 
1822.  The  vessels  were  withm 
two  or  three  hundred  paces  of  eadi 
other;  and occupodons and aniQS»- 
ments,  similar  to  diose  praedaed  in 
the  preoediiM^  voyage,  were  rasorted 
to.  One  of  die  principal  event* 
wOTthy  of  notice  in  this  period; 
was  the  beneficial  effect  produced 
1^  the  system  of  heating  the  shipa 
widi  currents  of  warm  air.  Thcae 
were  directed  to  every  re^uiiite 
port  by  means  of  metallic  tubM. 
The  lowest  temperature  expa* 
rienoed  during  the  winter  wbm  SB^ 
below  sero.  In  die  second  winter 
it  was  ten  degrees  lower ;  but  this 
was  not  near  so  difficult  to  endure^ 
nor  so  inconvenient  as  the  cold  in 
captain  Parry's  first  voyage*  The 
provision  cases  did  not  turn  oot  so 
well ;  for,  diough  the  meats  were 
ineserved  fresh,  they  were  found 
to  be  very  insipid  an  constant  use, 
and  die  men  got  as  tired  of  them 
as  they  generally  do  of  salt  pii?^ 
visions.  From  the  quantum  of 
baling  needed  in  these  pMpar* 
ations,  the  nutritious  juices  ai« 
extracted,  and  the  taste  so  reduced 
that  it  is  not  easy  to  tell  veal  from 
beef.  They,  however,  (like  Frendi 
cookery  done  to  rags),  made  « 
change,  and  were  so  far  acceptable. 
Fidi  was  caught,  and  formed  an^ 
ther  welcome  varie^.  They  were 
chiefly  a  qpecies  of  small  salmon 
of  about  7  or  8lbs  weight,  of 
which  about  800  were  taken ;  the 
eoal*ftsh,  and  die  Alpine  tfeout^ 
which  lattar  was  found  in  a  fiedi* 


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vm    AN9UA;t  RBf^ISTEB,  1823. 


.iViMter  sMttni^on  ^a  ula&d  to  tte 
Jirestwvid  of  Winter  Island,  Hm 
met,  acoordiiig  to  the  native  ao- 
eount8>  flowed  mnn  a  lake^  whenoe 
alfio  .another  liver  ran  into  the  am 
on  the  other  side ;  that  is  to  say, 
one  stream  flowed  in  a  south-east- 
erly directioxv  towwds  Hudaon's 
Bay,  and  the  other  in  a  south* 
y^tiedy  course  towards  (perhaps) 
thi3  Polar  Sea.  Nothing  occurred^ 
durioi^  the  first  part  of  uie  wintei^ 
.deaemng  of  any  ijarticular  notice; 
hut  one  mornings  m  the  beginning 
of  February,  our  people  were  sur- 
prised by  the  appearance  of  stran« 
ibnns  upon  the  snow-plain  in  their 
vicinity,  and  of  persons  running 
io  and  fio.  This  was  a  tribe  of 
about  fifty  Esquimaux,  who  were 
ejecting  their  snow-huts,  and  talKr 
ing  up  their  residence  at  a  short 
4i^ance  &»n  the  vessels.  Th^ 
were  one  of  those  wandering 
JKndes  which  roam  along  the  shore 
jn  search  of  food,  and  make  their 
Jiafakations  whatever  it  can  be  ob- 
Mined  in  sufficient  quantity.  The 
great  dependence  c£  these  people 
upm  the  produce  of  the  sea  for 
their  sustenance,  seems  to  confine 
tiieur  migrations  to  the  coaM. 
The  intercourse  of  the  voyagers 
with  their  new  and  singular  ne^» 
boitf^  afforded  them  much  amuse* 
aient  during  the  remainder  of  the 
winter;  a8»  never  having  seen 
Europeans  before,  th^  manners 
and  customs  w«pe  quite  original 
The  snow  hmn  to  melt  about  the 
keginninjg  (^  May,  and  put  an  end 
to  their  mtimacy^ 

In  the  season  of  18^,  the  ves- 
sels having  steered  along  the  coast 
to  the  North,  penetrated  only  to 
llie  long,  of  82.  50.  and  lat.  69, 
40.;  and  after  exploring  seveml 
inletSi  te.  in  thesr  faria  cruise, 
Agf  were  finally  moond  fiir  their 
•oeond  winter^  about  a  mile  apan^ 


m  m,  44.  W«  ioi^  ndlM^ip. 

21,  N.  Hm,  dom  to  ingftai 
small  isle,  the^  renanied  fiopoa  the 
S4th  of  Stptenher^  im^toiht 
8th  of  kst  AngufU  Thqr  ted 
latterly  entered  a  strait  liwifag  ts 
the  westward.  From  the  i 
of  the  Esqinmao^  and  tfaour  * 
observations,  they  had  evezya 
to  believe  tint  this  Mait  I 
4dl  the  land  t9  tte  northward  I 
the  ccmtinent  of 
getting  about  fifteen  i 
the  entrance  of  it,  howw^,  Ihey 
were  stopped  by  the  ke,  but  htm 
the  penuaaian  that  th^gr 
the  ri^  channel  for 
the  westward,  they  i 
for  nearly  a  mondi»  in  dailj  mtr 
pectadon  that  the  ioe  would  btmk 
up.  In  this  last,  hppa.th^  ««» 
again  quite  disappointed;  andatt 
liie  19th  <^  Sqiwiber  the  aea 
having  begun  to  fteaae^  tiwy  left 
these  straitB,  and  laid  the  wba^  m 
in  winter  quarters  near  tiia  mmtm 
island  above  alluded  to,  aadcaOad 
by  the  Kaqnimaux  I|^oolilu  Tfaoa 
it  is  evidenty  that  the  aftpnAiti— 
fmled  in  its  leading  olgeota.  The 
magnetic  pole  was  not  crossed  1  aH 
the  dectnoal  ^ppeacantfes,  h^ti^ 
haloes^  meteoas,  &c.  were  aeatt  ta 
the  south.  In  natuieal 
the.  acquisitions  are  very 
Twenty-eiffht  botaaieal  1^ 
dwarf  wilmw,  aaxiftage;, 
moses,  &C.  nearly  onnpsehend  ^btt 
stunted  vegetable  worid  of  thaae 
northern  latitudes. 

In  the  seeond  winter  a  meat 
numenms  tribe  ci  the  EsquhMUB, 
about  1^,  indttding  te 
oi  the  prceeding  yam*,  settled  i 
the  ships,  and  weve  bk  daily  k 
eourse  with  them.  Tli^  an  w^ 
presented  as  peaceable  and  gaoi> 
natdred  t  not  atupid,  hut  not  t 
nent  far  faeKng  or 
The  irst  tribe  lived 


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TRAVELS,  MANNERS,  &c.  273* 


unm  ei  MrfectH^eity  and  equal* 
i^;  in  the  second  there  was  an 
An^dcok  or  conjuitur^  who  exer- 
cised a  cettain  degree  of  influence 
and  authority.  There  are  no 
signs  of  the  worship  of  a  Supreme 
&mg  among  them^  nor  have  they 
i^ypar^tly  any  religious  rites  at 
marriages  or  hurials.  An  Esqui- 
maux  bespeaks  his  wife  while  she 
is  yet  a  child,  and  when  she  is  of 
marriagealile  age  she  is  brought 
home  to  him,  and  there  is  a  feast 
on  tile  ooeasion.  Their  funerals 
aie  equally  simple:  if  in  winter, 
the  corpse  is  merely  covered  over 
with  snow  ;  if  in  summer,  a  shal- 
low trench  is  dug,  where  it  is  de- 
posited, and  two  or  three  flat  stones 
at  top  complete  the  rude  sqmlchre. 
They  are  carefUl  not  to  allow  any^ 
stones  or  weighty  matter  to  rest 
on  the  body:  and  seem  to  think 
that  e^en  aller  death  it  may  be 
lensiMe  to  the  oppression.  They 
vppmred  to  have  some  crude  no- 
tions of  a  future  state:  but  all 
tfadr  ideas  on  these  matters  were 
so  Mended  with  superstition,  that 
they  hardly  deserve  to  be  mention- 
ed. Two  wives  were  possessed  by 
several  of  the  natives,  and  one  is 
almost  always  much  younger  than 
the  otiier;  yet  the  co-partners 
seemed  to  Hve  on  very  good  terms 
with  one  another.  The  children 
rarely  appear  to  be  more  than  two, 
three,  or  four  in  a  family ;  though 
in  one  case,  six  grown-up  brothers 
and  sisters  were  met  with.  They 
live  to  a  good  tote.  The  stature 
of  the  males  is  about  the  average 
of  five  feet  four,  five,  or  six  in- 
ches ;  and  none  exceeding  five  feet 
ten  inches.  Their  cofeur  is  a 
dirty-looking  yellowish  white,  and 
their  proportions  by  no  means  ro- 
bust. Their  snow-houses  are  cu- 
riously shaped  and  constructed, 
resoaUing  three  immense  bee- 
Vol.  LXV. 


hives  grouped  together,  and-  en^ 
tered  by  one  kmg  passage  by  all 
the  three  families  to  whom  these 
yield  an  abode.  A  trefoil  aflords 
a  tolerable  idea  of  them.  They 
are  about  nine  feet  in  diameter, 
and  seven  or  eight  feet  in  height. 
The  passage  is  about  twenty  feet 
in  length,  and  so  low  that  you 
must  creep  along  nearly  on  all- 
fours,  in  order  to  readi  the  hut. 
This  is  ingeniously  intended  to 
exclude  the  cold  air,  which  it  does 
effectuaUy,  though  wnideiied  in  parts 
for  lodging  the  dogs  belonging  to 
the  sevenu  households,  and  which 
are  stained  in  the  last  sort  ctt 
anti-chamber,  befiire  the  entrances 
turn  off*  to  the  right  and  left  for 
the'  two  nearest  huts.  The  huts 
themselves  are  entirely  made  of 
square  blocks  of  solid  snow,  with 
a  larger  key-block  at  the  top  of 
the  rotunda.  The  window  is  a' 
piece  of  flat  transparent  ice. 
Round  the.  interior  runs  a  seat  of 
the  same  material  as  the  w&lls, 
upon  which  the  skins  of  aAimals 
are  thrown  for  seats  and  beds.' 
The  houses  are  without  any  arti- 
ficial warmdi,  except  what  is  pro- 
duced by  a  lamp.  In  the  winter 
of  1822-3,  native  dwellings  or 
huts  constructed  of  bone  were  also 
seen. — The  Esquimaux  often  eat 
flesh  in  a  raw  state;  but  it  is 
sometimes  cooked,  and  the  women 
almost  invariably  submit  their  food 
to  that  process.  The  utensils  are 
uncommon,  though  simple.  They 
consist  of  two  vessels  of  stone; 
generally  the  pot-stone  or  lapis- 
ollaris,  also  used  in  parts  of  Cter- 
many  for  the  same  purpose.  The 
lower  vessel  a  good  deal  resembles 
an  English  kitchen  ash-shovel: 
the  upper  one  a  trough,  of  a  wide 
coflin-flmn.  In  the  first,  which  is 
filled  with  oil,  a  number  of  moss 
wicks  float,  and  are  lighted  for  the 


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m^     ANNUAL  aEGlSTBR.  1823. 


fiieL  The  oil  ii  fcadnaUy  rap* 
plied  iiom  strings  cf  fat  bung  up 
above  the  flames,  the  heat  aS 
whidi  melts  tfaeiQ  into  so  many 
xesenroirs  of  gcease.  In  the  s&> 
oond  utensils  placed  oyer  the  fire 
thus  made^  the  meat  i»  stewed* 
Th^  natives  are  filthy  in  their  ^eat* 
iixf^  and  hardly  reject  any  thing, 
frcm  the  blubber  oi  whale  to  the 
flesh  of  wolf.  Wbm  hungry, 
they  devoured  the  carcases  of  ten 
or  a  dosen  of  the  latter,  whidi 
were  lolled  by  our  seamen.  Their 
food^  indeed,  consisted  chiefly  of 
seals'  and  wolves'  floidi;  but,  not* 
withstanding  this,  they  appeared 
to  be  perfectly  contented,  nay,  even 
hi^y.  Their  druses  were  made 
entirely  of  skins,  chiefly  those  of 
the  rein-deer.  The  lapis-oUaris 
is  originally  so  soft  that  it  may  be 
out  into  form  with  a  knife ;  and 
when  it  is  not  to  be  found,  an 
extraordinary  substitute  is  manu- 
&ctured  into  pots  and  pans.  This 
is  a  cement  composed  of  dom' 
hair,  seals'  blood,  and  a  partici;£ur 
day,  which  soon  becomes  as  hard 
as  stone,  and  bears  the  eflSsots  both 
of  oil  and  fire  below,  and  moisture 
and  stewing  above. 

The  men  had  no  hesitation  in 
offering  their  wives  and  daughtcirs 
to  the  sailcvs,  for  so  poor  abnbe as 
a  nail,  or  two  or  three  beads. 
These  females  have  disagreeable 
features,  and  long  and  h^sh,  but 
exceedingly  black,  hair.  A  m^ 
was  drawn  by  one  of  them  (a  re* 
markable  instance  of  inteUisence^, 
in  whicbsherepresented  two  isbmos 
to  the  north  of  the  second  winter's 
position  of  the  ships,  and  others 
m  different  directions,  giving  ra- 
ther sonorous  names  to  them  alL 
'  The  nearest  on  the  north  is  several 
pays'  journey  across,  and  the  roam- 
^  of  the  Esquimaux  tribes  is 
confined  to  thepe.  ialMidi^  as  ik^j 


never  vmtufe  upoeitliei 
They  say  that  their  \ 
yrang  from  a  beoefieent 
ipnt;  and  that  bam  another 
wicked  female.  Spirit  are  dese^idei 
the  other  three  creatiurei  %Ao  m* 
habit  the  earth,  nanielj^  the  likA 
ec  Indians,  the  Cablunm,  or  £a» 
ropeaas,  and  (after  los^  fiesifariw 
befi»e  they  would  ettiras  it)  the 
Dog*  which  tiiey  drivel  The 
Jtlttli  they  aUior  and  speak  nf  m 
murderers,  who  never  spare  dkor 
tribes.  Of  the  CaUunc  th^  had 
only  heard  by  report,  never  having 
seen  a  European  till  they  eooom- 
texed  those  in  the  Fury  and 
Heda ;  but  it  is  dear  from  thor 
dassing  them  with  the  lodiaae 
and  d^j^  that  tbey  have  no  veij 
exalted  idea  of  their  virtues.  Wi^ 
their  own  appellation  of  Eaqnt- 
maux  Uiey  are  not  arqimnnted, 
but  call  Aemsdves  tkmee.  Hie 
other  name  is  undeittood  to  be  a 
term  of  reproadi,  meaning  * 
of  raw  flesh." 

They  entertain  a  belief  in 
tain  ^irits  or  svq^enor 
but  their  notions  coneeming  i 
are  extremdy  rude  and  X9ga^ 
This  was  disfdayed  by  their  A]ft» 
kok,  or  conjuror;  who  waa*  aner 
much  ^itreaty,  prevailed  apooaa 
exhibit  his  supernatural  powers  in 
the  captain's  cabin  of  one  of  the 
sh^  He  was  aocomfMnied  hf 
his  wife,  and  b^Bn  his  operations 
by  having  every  ^^impse  of  exter- 
nal light  carefully  excluded.  StiO 
the  fire  emitted  a  glimmering,  and 
this  was  covered  with  a  thick  mal; 
so  that  at  length  all  was  utter 
darkness.  The  Angekc^  thai 
stripped  himself  nak^  and  hj 
down  upon  the  floor,  and  pretended 
that  he  was  going  to  the  lower  re- 
gions where  the  spirits  dwell  His 
incantations  consisted  of  hazdlj  ar> 
tiisulate  soundly  not  appeamg  ta 


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TRAVELS,  MANNEBS,  &c.    .      278* 


iam   foj  nifiaiUDg   attached  to 
Amk^  iM  to  be  the  muttmng  and 
-wrhming  of  stmiige  syllables.    He 
0lMy  practi^  a  kind  of  ventrilo- 
^Q&ni;  and  modulated  his  voice 
*)  as  to  give  it  the  effect  of  near- 
ness and  greater  distance^  in  the 
d^ths  to  which  he  Wished  it  to  be 
wieved  he  had  descended.    This 
Itoce  lasted  about  twenty  minutes; 
and  on  the  re-admission  of  lights 
the  actor  gave  an  account  of  his 
adventures,  and  of  what  the  spi- 
rits had  told  him.     As  a  proof  of 
the  truth  of  his  facts  and  the  reiil- 
ity  of  his  colloquies,  he  produced 
iseveral  stripes  of  fur  which  one  of 
the  spirits  had   fastened  on   the 
back  of  his  skin-coat  since  he  went 
down — ^which,    indeed,    his    wife 
tiad  been  busily  stitching  on  du- 
ifing  the  dark  performance.     An 
immense  value  is  set  upon  the  tes- 
timonies of  supernatural  intimacy ; 
thus  the  Angekok  declared  that  he 
Would  not  exchange    the  spirifs 
gifts,  one  of  the  stripes  of  fur,  for 
afty  thinff  that  could  be  offered  to 
liim ;  and  it  was  with  much  diffi* 
6ulty,  that  captain  Parry  did  pre- 
vail upon  him  to  barter  one  for 
Home  highly-coveted  article;   nor 
would  he  part    with    any  more. 
Their  knowledge  of  figures  is  very 
limited— -five  and  ten  beinc  their 
most  obvious  enumerations,  when 
they  wish  to  express  the  former,* 
»ne  hand  is  held  up ;  the  latter  of 
t»urse,  requires  both;  but  when 
the  sum  exceeds  that  number,  the 
Esquimaux  calls  on  a  neighbour  to 
help  him  out  by  holding  up  one  or 
two  hands  as  the  occasion  requires. 
The  wives  of  two  of  the  natives, 
one  with  a  baby  suckling  (whicli 
niitriment  they  supply  for  several 
years),  were  taken  on  board  the 
te^ls  for  medical  treatment,  both 
being  iu'  the  last  stages  of  disease, 
fend  they  cBed.    The  husband  of 


-die  modiiBr  evinced  some  distress. 
Bad  howled  a  little  when  she  ex- 
pired;  but  very  soon  seemed  to 
forget  his  loss.     Yet  he  attended 
very  sedulously  to  the  prooeedingB 
of  the  CaUunte.     They  enveloped 
•die  body  decently,  as  is  done  with 
sailors,  in  a  hammock,  and  dug  a 
pave  for  its  reception.     To  dds 
It  was  borne,  accompanied  by  the 
husband,  who    manifested   much 
tineasiness.    At  last  he  made  him- 
iself  understood  that  he  Was^  afflict- 
ed   by   the    confinement    of   the 
corpse.     Having  obtained  tf  knife, 
he  was  permitted   to  gratify  his 
town  feelings,  and  he  cut  all  the 
stitches  which  held  the  hammock 
together  down  the  front,  so  as  to 
give  a  kind  of  liberty  to  the  dead 
lorm.      The  covering  in   of  the 
grave  with  earth  and  stones  seemed 
also  to  give  him  pain  ;  but  he  ask- 
ed leave  to  biuy  the  living  chfld 
with  its  dead  mother.     Tne  rea- 
son assigned  for  this  horrid  pro- 
posal was,  that,  being  a  female,  nO 
woman  would  take  the  trouble  to 
nurse  it,  as  that  was  never  done 
among  them.     The  infant,  with- 
out sustenance,  died  oti  the  ensuing 
day,  and  was  placed  at  the  dii^)Osd 
r)f  its  parent,  who  drew  it  away 
in  his  sledge  to  a  short  distance, 
and  raised  a  small  mound  of  snow 
over  its  lifeless  corpse. 
•    In  the  management  of  the  ca- 
noe, the  Esquimaux  are  very  ex- 
pert.    They  are  amazingly  Hght, 
and  formed  of   skin  over  whale- 
bone.    The  largest  which  captain 
Parry  obtained  is  twenly-six  feet 
in  length.     In  these,   the  native 
pursues    his    marine    chase,    and 
spears  the   fish  and   fowL      The 
spear  is  double-pointed  with  bone^ 
about  six  or  seven  inches  in  length, 
and  barbed.     The  shaft  is  of  vcrj' 
light  wood,  ^ye  or  six  feet  long ; 
and  below  the  handle,  or  part  by 

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276"^    ANNUAL  RfiGISTEB,  1823. 


which  it  is  thrown,  are  three  other 
harbed  bones,  standing  out  a  few 
inches  from  the  wood,  and  calcu* 
iated  to  strike  the  prey,  should  the 
hi-forked  point  miss.  A  method 
of  catching  seals  through  a  hole  in 
the  ice,  is  one  of  the  most  dexte* 
rous  of  Esquimaux  contrivances: 
A  line  is  let  down,  at  the  end  at 
which  is  fastened  a  small  piece  of 
white  bone  or  tooth,  above  an  inch 
long,  cut  into  a  rude  fish-fimn,  and 
having  two  morsels  of  pyrites 
stuck  into  it  to  resemble  eyes. 
This  bait  is  drawn  through  the 
water,  and  when  seals  or  other 
prey  approach  to  examine  it,  the 
watchful  native  spears  them  from 
above.  The  knives  used  by  the 
women  are  curiously  constructed, 
and  as  cleverly  employed  in  skin- 
ning animals,  and  carving  victuals, 
as  tne  instruments  of  hunting  are 
by  the  men.  Spectacles  are  ano- 
ther of  their  articles.  They  con- 
sist of  a  piece  of  wood  scraped 
thin,  like  a  bandage,  and  perforated 
with  two  narrow  homontal  slits, 
something  like  pig's  eyes>  where 
we  should  have  glasses;  a  rim 
about  an  inch  broad  projects  in 
the  same  direction  as  that  ai  a 
hat  would;  and  this  simple  me* 
chanical  process,  tied  about  the 
head,  protects  the  eyes  from  the 
drifting  snow  and  ^iculie. 

The  absence  of  tne  sun  was  ex- 
perienced for  about  a  month.  In 
June  (the  9th)  the  first  flower  was 
seen :  a  small  but  richly-coloured 
blue  of  the  Saxifrage  genus.  To 
beguile  the  tedious  time,  our  coun- 
trymen occasionally  lived  in  tents 
on  shore,  and  hunted,  shot,  and 
fished,  for  the  general  consump- 
tion. Rein-deer  were  sometimes 
killed;  the  carcase  of  the  Wgest 
weighed  (without  offal)  15Sbs. 
These  were  very  acceptable  to  the 
ships*  companies;  but  their  fresh 


provisions  were  not  always  so  diiii- 
ty  as  venison.  The  hearts,  liveis, 
and  kidneys  of  whales  and  wil- 
russes  (brought  by  the  Esquimaux) 
were  not  irreooncileable.  to  £u« 
ropean  palates ;  and  many  a  iMorty 
meal  was  made  on  these  not  Teiy 
delicate  dishes.  According  to  tlie 
report  of  the  natives,  thcK  wete 
rem-deejr  on  the  large  island  to* 
wards  the  north.  No  musk  oaun 
were  seen  in  any  part ;  and  ham 
the  same  authority  it  was  gatbaed, 
that  they  only  appeared  to  the 
westward  of  the  longitude  to 
which  the  expedition  penetntad. 
Gardening  was  another  expedient 
for  occupying  the  time»  and  nip- 
plying  the  table.  Mustard  and 
cress  were  grown  as  on  the  pre- 
ceding voyage,  and  served  out  to 
the  men  in  considerable  quantities, 
to  the  mat  benefit  of  their  health. 
Their  loss  amounted  to  five  nun 
in  the  two  years  and  a  half.  The 
first  two  died  in  the  Fury  within 
twenty-four  hours  of  eadi  other, 
in  1822 — the  one,  of  interna]  in- 
^ammadon,  and  the  other  of  a 
consumption  of  long  standii^ 
They  were  consigned  to  one  grave; 
and  a  tumulus  of  stones  placed 
over  their  bones ;  their  names,  && 
being  engraved  on  one  of  the 
largest.  Soon  afterwards,  a  »Dar 
of  the  Hecla  fell  from  the  mast, 
'and  dislocated  his  neck.  He  died 
oil  the  spot.  Last  spring,  another 
sailor  died  of  dysentery  in  the 
same  ship;  and  aUout  sax  weeks 
a^,  Mr.  Fyffe,  the  master,  fell  a 
victim  to  the  scurvy,  while  on  the 
passage  home.  It  does  not  appear, 
that  any  far  excursions  were  at- 
tempted from  the  ships  overland. 
The  chief  journey  was  performed 
by  lieutenant  Hoppner,  and  a  party 
under  his  command,  in  consequence 
of  news  ])roiight  bv  the-  Esqui- 
maux  that  two   ships   had  been 


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TRAVELS,  MANNERS,  &c.    '     277* 


wrecked  last  year  (1822)  five  days* 
journey  to  the  north-east,  where 
the  wrecks  stiU  remained.  Lieut. 
Hoppner  and  his  party  set  out  ac- 
companied hy  the  natives  as  guides; 
but,  after  travelling  a  few  days, 
the  latter  declared  they  woulrf  pro- 
ceed no  farther. 

On  the  voyage  home,  the  ships 
touched   at  Winter   Island,    and 


were  surprised  to  find  their  garden 
vegetables  thriving.  Whether  the 
plants  had  re-sown  themselves  or 
sprung  again  from  the  roots,  could 
not  be  ascertained  ;  but  the  singu- 
lar fact  of  salads  and  peas  ^owwg 
spontaneously  on  the  arctic  drclc 
was  exhibited  to  the  wonder  of 
the  visitors. 


Niagara  Falls. 


The  form  of  Niagara  Falls  is 
that  of  an  irregular  semicircle, 
about  three  quarters  of  a  mile  in 
extent.  This  is  divided  into  two 
distinct  cascades  by  the  interven- 
tion of  Goat  Island,  the  extremity 
of  which  is  perpendicular,  and  in 
a  line  with  the  precipice  over 
which  the  water  is  projected.  The 
cataract  on  the  Canada  side  of  the 
river  is  called  the  Horse-shoe,  or 
Great  Pall,  from  its  peculiar  form 
— and  that  next  the  United  States 
the  American  Fall. 

Three  extensive  views  of  the 
Falls  may  be  obtained  from  three 
different  places.  In  general,  the 
first  opportunity  traveUers  have  of 
seeing  the  cataract  i$  from  the  high- 
road, which,  at  one  point,  lies  near 
the  bank  of  the  river.  This  place, 
however,  being  considerably  above 
the  level  of  the  Falls,  and  a  good 
way  beyond  them,  affords  a  view 
that  is  comparatively  imperfect 
and  unimposing. 

The  Table  Rock,  from  which 
the  Falls  of  Niagara  may  be  con- 
tem]^ted  in  all  their  grandeur, 
Hes  on  an  exact  level  with  the  edge 
of  the  cataract  on  the  Canada  si£, 
and  indeed  forms  a  part  of  the 
precipice  over  which  the  water 
gushes.  It  derives  its  name  from 
Uie  circumstoce  of  its  projectinjg 
lieyond  the  diffa  that  support  it 


like  the  leaf  of  a  table.  To  eaiii 
this  position,  it  b  necessary  to  des- 
cend a  steep  bank,  and  to  follow  a 
path  that  winds  among  shrubbery 
and  trees,  which  entirely  conceal 
from  the  eye  the  scene  that  awaits 
him  who  traverses  it.  When  near 
the  termination  of  this  road,  a  few 
steps  carried  me,  beyond  all  these 
obstructions,  and  a  magnificent 
amphitheatre  of  cataracts  burst 
upon  my  view  with  appalling  sud- 
denness and  majesty.  However, 
in  a  moment  the  scene  was  con- 
cealed from  my  eyes  by  a  dense 
cloud  of  spray,  which  involved  me 
80  completely,  that  I  did  not  dare 
to  extncatc  myself.  A  mingled 
rushing  and  thundering  filled  my 
ears.  I  could  see  nothing  except 
when  the  wind  made  a  ^asm  in 
the  spray,  and  then  tremendous 
cataracts  seemed  to  encompass  me  on 
every  side,  while  below,  a  raging 
and  foaming  gulph  of  undiscover- 
able  extent  lash^  the  rocks  with 
its  hissing  waves,  and  swallowed, 
under  a  horrible  obscurity,  the 
smoking  floods  that  were  precipita- 
ted into  its  bosom. 

At  first  the  sky  was  obscured  by 
clouds,  but  after  a  few  minutes 
the  sun  burst  forth,  and  the  breeze 
subsiding  at  the  same  time,  per- 
mitted the  spray  to  ascend  peii>en- 
dicularly,    A  host  of  pyratuidal 


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278*    ANNUAL  RE0I9TBR,   1823. 


cloudg  rose  majestically,  one  after 
another^  from  the  abyss  at  the 
bottom  of  the  Fall;  and  each, 
when  it  had  ascended  a  little 
above  the  edge  of  the  cataract, 
displayed  a  beautiful  ndnbow, 
wluch  in  a  few  moments  was 
gradually  transferred  into  the 
bosom  of  the  cloud  that  immedi- 
ately succeeded.  The  spray  of  the 
Great  Fall  had  extended  itself 
through  a  wide  space  directly  over 
me,  and,  receiving  the  full  influ- 
ence of  the  sun,  exhibited  a  lumi- 
nous and  magniflcent  rainbow, 
which  continued  to  over-arch  and 
irradiate  the  spot  on  which  I 
stood*,  while  I  enthusiastically  con- 
templated the  indescribable  scene. 

Any  person,  who  has  nerve 
enough  (as  I  had),  may  plunge 
his  hand  into  the  water  of  the 
Great  Fall,  after  it  is  projected 
over  the  precipice,  merely  hy  lyinc 
down  flat,  with  his  face  beyond 
the  ed^  of  the  Table  Rock,  and 
stretching  out  his  arm  to  its 
utmost  extent.  The  experiment  is 
truly  a  horrible  one,  and  such  as 
I  would  not  wish  to  renesit ;  for,  even 
to  this  day,  I  feel  a  shuddering  and 
recoiling  sensation,  when  I  recollect 
having  been  in  the  posture  above 
described. 

The  body  of  water  which 
composes  the  middle  part  of  the 
Great  Fall  is  so  immense,  that  it 
descends  nearly  two-thirds  of  the 
space  without  being  ruffled  or 
baroken,  and  the  solemn  calmness 
with  which  it  rolls  over  the  edge 
of  the  precipice  is  finely  contrasted 
with  the  perturbed  appearance  it 
assumes  after  having  reached  the 
gulf  below.  But  the  water  to- 
wards each  side  of  the  Fall  is 
shatteipcd  the  moment  it  drops  over 
the  rock,  and  loses  as  it  descetids, 
in  a  great  measure,  the  character 
of  a  fluid,   being   dlvid^ed   uitp 


pyraniidal-shaped  fingmfeAW  llie 
Ibises  of  wl^cb  are  turned  iipwafdi. 
The  surface  of  the  gulf  hekm 
the  cataract  presents  a  veiy  singu- 
lar aspect ;  seeming,  bs  it  were^ 
filled  with  an  immense  quanHty 
of  hoar  frost,  wbich  is  agitated  %Qr 
small  and  rapid  undulations  Tbf 
partides  of  water  aro  datdingly 
white^  and  do  not  apparently  imile 
together,  as  might  be  supposed, 
but  seem  to  continue  for  a  time  in 
a  state  of  distinct  comminutkin, 
and  to  repel  each  other  with  a 
thrilling  and  shiverii^  ladlfan 
which  cannot  easily  be  ^soibod. 

The  noise  made  by  the  Hone* 
shoe  Fdl,  tfaoogb  very  great,  is 
infinitely  less  tlmn  might  be  fx^ 
pected,  and  varies  in  loudnes  tc* 
cording  to  the  state  of  the  slanN 
phere.  When  the  wosd^er  it 
dear  and  frosty,  it  may  be  diiciacl* 
ly  heard  at  the  distance  of  tern  or 
twelve  miles;  but  much  foitbcr 
when  there  is  a  steady 
however,  I  have  frequently 


upon  the  declivity  of  tke  bkb 
bank  that  overlooks  the  TaSe 
Rock^  and  dbtinguiabed  m  km 
thundering  only,  whidi  ttt  timm 
was  altogether  drowned  asate 
the  roaring  of  the  n^[nds  above  te 
cataract.  In  my  opinion^  the  oob* 
cave  shape  of  the  Great  Fall  eiE^ 
plains  this  curcumatance.  Tbe 
noise  vibrates  from  one  ade  cf  Ae 
rocky  recess  to  the  other,  and  • 
little  tmfy  escapes  fixn&  its  ooft* 
finement;  and  ev^n  this  is  hm 
distinctly  heard  tiian  it  wtM 
otherwise  be,  as  the  piofusicfli  if 
^ray  renders  the  air  near  tkecila- 
ract  a  very.  indi£ferent  conductar 
of  sound. 

The  road  to  the  bottom  of  Aa 
Fall  presents  many  tnoi^  dUfcJ 
ties  ^an  that  whicb  leads  to  ife 
TaUe  Rock.    After  heaviw  tka 
Tahk  9a^  ^^  traTeUer  ma0L 


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tRAVEL^;  MANNERS,  &c.    "     2T9* 


n  iiiile>  where  he  will  eope  to  it 
small  chasm  in  the  bank^  in 
which  there  is  a  spiral  staircase 
eaclosed  in  a  wooden  building.  Br 
feftoending  this  stair>  which  is 
aewtqty  or  eighty  feet  perpendicu- 
lar hdght>  he  will  mid  himself 
Under  £e  precipice  on  the  top  of 
which  he  formerly  walked.  A 
high  but  sloping  bank  extend^ 
from  its  base  to  the  edce  of  the 
rirer ;  and  on  the  summit  of  this 
there  is  a  narrow  slmpery  path> 
corered  with  angular  fragments  of. 
itidc^  which  leads  to  the  Great 
FaB.  The  impending  cHffii^  hung 
with  a  profusion  of  trees  and 
brushwood,  overarch  this  road, 
aod  seem  to  vibrate  with  the 
tbtmders  of  the  cataract  In  some 
places  they  rise  abruptly  to  the 
height  of  one  hundr^  feet>  and 
display  upon  their  surfaces,  fossil 
fdidls,  and  the  organic  remains  of 
a  fbnner  world;  thus  sublimely' 
leading  the  mind  to  contemplate 
tl^e  convulsions  which  nature  has 
undergone  since  the  creation.  As 
the  traveller  advances,  he  is  fright- 
fully stunned  by  the  appamng 
noise ;  clouds  of  spray  sometimes 
envelope  him,  and  suddenly  check 
his  mtering  step, — ^rattlesnakes 
start  from  the  cavities  of  the  rocks, 
and  the  scream  of  eagles  soaring 
amot^  die  whiilwin£  of  eddy-' 
ine  vapour  which  obscure  the  gulf 
ot  the  cataract,  at  intervals  an- 
nounce that  the  raging  waters 
have  hurled  some  bewildered  ani- 
mal over  the  precmice.  After 
scrambling  among  piles  of  huge 
rocks  that  obstruct  his  way,  the 
traveller  gains  the  bottom  of  the 
FaH,  where  the  soul  can  be  sus- 
ceptible Obly  of  one  emudon,*« 
that  of  uncontrollable  terror* 

It  was  not  until  I  had,  by  fre- 
quent excursions  to  the  Falls,  in 
some   measure    familiarised    my 


nund  wi4i  liieir  snUinoties,  ^t  T 
ventured  to  explore  the  pmetraUd 
of  the  Great  Cataract  The  fxem 
dpice  over  which  it  rolls  is  v«ry 
much  arched  underneath,  while 
the  impetus  which  the  water  re- 
oeives  m  its  descent  projects  it  far 
beyond  the  cli£P,  and  thus  an  im- 
mense Gothic  arch  is  formed  by. 
the  rock  and  the  torrent  Twice 
I  entered  this  cavern,  and  twice  I 
Was  obliged  to  retraoe  my  steps, 
lest  I  should  be  suffocated  bv  me 
blast  of  dense  spray  th^t  whirled 
around  me;  however,  the  third 
time,  I  succeeded  in  advancing 
about  twenty-five  yards.  Here 
darknes9  began  to  encircle  me ;  on 
one  side,  the  black  cliff  stretched 
itself  into  a  gigantic  arch  far  above 
my  head,  and  on  the  other,  the 
dense  and  hissing  torrent  formed 
an  impenetrable  sheet  of  foam, 
with  w^h  I  was  drenched  in  a 
moment  The  rocks  were  so  slip- 
pery, that  I  could  hardly  keep  my 
feet,  or  hold  securely  by  them ; . 
while  the  horrid  din  made  me 
think  the  precipices  above  were 
tumbling  down  in  colossal  frag- 
ments upon  my  head. 
'  It  is  not  easy  to  determine  how 
far  an  individual  might  advance 
between  the  sheet  of  water  and 
the  rock;  but  were  it  even  possi- 
ble to  explore  the  recess  to  its  ut- 
most extremity,  scarcely  any  one, 
I  believe,  would  have  courage  to 
attenupt  an  expedition  of  the  kind. 
A  little  way  below  the  Great 
Fall,  the  river  is,  comparatively 
speaking,  so  tranquil,  that  a  ferry- 
boat (dies  between  the  Canada  and 
American  shores,  for  the  conveni- 
ence of  travellers.  When  I  first 
crossed,  the  heaving  fiood  tossed 
about  Uie  skiff  with  a  violence  that 
seemed  very  alarming^;  but  as  soon 
as  we  gained  the  midcue  of  the  river, 
my  attention  was  altogether  en- 
gaged by  tihe  surpassing  grandeur 


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aao«    ANNUAL  R&GISTBR,  1823. 


of  the  flcene  before  me.  I  was 
now  witbin  the  area  of  a  semi- 
cbck  of  cataracts^  more  than  three 
thousand  feet  in  extent^  and  floated 
on  the  8ur£»ce  of  a  ^|ulf»  raging, 
fathomless,  and  intenmnable.  Ma-. 
iesUc'  difiSC  splendid  tainhows, 
lofty  trees,  and  columns  of  ^ray, 
were  the  gorgeous  decorations  of 
this  theatre  of  wonders,  while  a 
daxzUngsun  shed  refulgent  glories 
upon  every  part  of  the  scene.— 
Surrounded^with  clouds  of  vapour,  • 
^  and  stunned  into  a  state  of  confu- 
sion and  terror  by  the  hideous 
noise,  I  looked  upwards  to  the 
hei^t  of  one  hundred  and  fifty 
feet,  and  »aw  vast  floods,  dense, 
awfiil,  and  stupendous,  vehemently 
burstinff  over  the.  precipice,  an4 
rolling  ao%vn,  as  if  the  wmdows  of 
heaven  were  opened  to  pour  another 
delude  upon  the  earth.  Loud 
sounds,  resembling  discharges  0f 
artillery  or  volcanic  cxj^losions, 
were  now  distinguishable  amidst 
the  watery  tumult,  and  added  ter- 
rors to  the  abyss  firom  whidi  they 
issued.  The  sun,  looking  majesti- 
cally through  the  ascendmg  spray, 
was  encin^  by  a  radiant  halo; 
whilst  fragments  of  rainbows  float- 
ed on  every  side,  and  momentarily 
vanished  only  to  give  place  to  a 
succesdon  of  others  more  brilliant. 
Looking  backwards,  I  saw  the 
Nii^ara  river,  iLsain  become  calm 
and  tranquil,  romng  magnificently 
between  the  towering  cliffis  that 
rose  on  either  side,  and  receiving 
showers  of  orient  dew-drops  from 
the  trees  that  gracefully  overarched 
its  transparent  bosom.  A  gentle 
breeze  nifiled  the  waters,  and 
beautifol  birds  fluttered  around,  as 
if  to  welcome  its  egress  from  those 
clouds,  and  thunders,  and  rainbows, 
whldh  were  the  heralds  of  its  pre- 
dpitatiim  into  the  abyss  of  the 
0itan|et. 
Th«  Amcrkiai  FaU|  which  it  is 


qnite  unneccawnry  to  dennbe^  is 
higher  than  the  Hone-shoe,  iu 
pitch  beine  l64f  feet :  however,  tike 
quantity  of  water  whidi  rolls  over  is 
not  nearly  so  great  as  in  thefbrmer. 
Here,  as  on  the^Caivida  side;^  thcfe 
is  a  wooden  stalrosse^'by  whicb 
the  most  nervous  and  dmid  penoB 
may  descend  to  the  bottom  of  tbe 
cataract  with  ease  and  safety. 

The  Niagara  Falls  appear  to  the 
ob^rver  of  a  mamitime  inferior 
to  what  they  reafiy  are,  becMue 
the  objects  surrounding  do  not 
bear  a  due'  proportbn  to  tbem. 
The  river,  clins,  and  trees,  are  on 
a  comparatively  small  scale,  mad 
add  little  to  the  composidon  or 
grandeur  of  the  scene ;  thcrefocr, 
he  who  t»ntemplates  the  cataracts, 
unconsciously  reduces  them  to  such 
dimensions  as  correqxnid  with 
those  of  the  contiguous  objects: 
thus  divesting  one  part  of  tbe 
scene  of  a  goA  deal  of  its  magnifi- 
cence, without  communicating  any 
additional  grandeur  to  the  other. 

The  extent  of  the  Falls  have 
never  been  correctly  asoertpiwd, 
as,  indeed,  their  peculiar  fonil»  kid 
several  other  circumstances,  render 
this  impossible.  The  height  of 
the  Great  Fall,  as  taken  with  a 
plumb-line  by  some  eii^cers  finora 
the  United  States,  was  found  to  be 
149  feet  9  inches.  Its  curve  is 
supposed  to  extend  2,100  fee^  and 
its  arc  may  measure  nearly  half 
tliat  space.  The  breadth  of 
Goat  Island,  which  divides  the  two 
cataracts,  has  been  found  to  he 
984  feet,  and  that  of  tlic  American 
Fall  1,140  feet.  Therefore  the 
whole  ^cumference  of  the  preci- 
pice over  which  the  cataracts  faO 
is  4,224  feet,  and  the  width  of  the 
cataract  itself  S,240  feet  At  one 
tame,  the  Table  liock  extmkd 
fifty  feet  beyond  tbe  cUffi  that 
support  it,  but  its  projection  is  not 
ao  peat  at  present 


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(  ^1*  ) 


NATURAL    PHILOSOPHY 


AND 


MECHANICAL  ARTS. 


C0MPBI8ING 


NaTURAI   HlSTOBY, 

Geography,  AstbokomYi  &c. 

CHEMiaTBY. 


AORJCULTXTRS  AN0  BoTANY. 

Arts  and  MA2<rvf*A0TUBKs. 
Patbnts. 


NATURAL    HISTORY. 


fflSTORY  ofn  case  ofhvdrO' 
-^f-phdna,  treated  at  Ike  Hotel 
Dieu  at  Paris,  by  an  uifectkm  <^ 
fvaier  into  the  veins.  By  R.  Mo" 
gendie.  (October,  1823.) 

On  the  15th  of  this  month,.!  was 
invited  by  R.  Caillard,  the  r^ident 
physician  in  the  Hotel  Dieu,  to  go 
immediately  to  that  hospital,  to 
give  my  (n>inion  on  the  case  of  a 
man  who  had  just  arrived  in  the 
hist  stage  of  %dniphobia.  I  went 
at  one  o'clock.  When  I  arrived, 
I  found  the  patient  placed  in  an 
isolated  room,  restrained  1^  a  strait 
waistcoat,  and  agitated  by  the  most 
Airious  transports;  on  approach- 
ing^ his  bed,  I  fbund  that  he  ex- 
hibited all  the  symptoms  of  hydro- 
phobic mania;  the  most  violent 
cries  and  efforts  to  get  rid  of  the 
fitrqps  wbick  hdd  him  down;  ai^ 


teration  of  the  voice,  Ihickeiied 
saliva,  biting  at  the  substaBOts 
which  were  presented  to  has  naxt^, 
and  at  intervals  a  return  to  atran- 
quil  state.  At  these  intervals, 
which  lasted  a  very  short  tune,  he 
understood  the  seasons  and  thftooft- 
scdatkms  which  were  addressed  4o 
him,  but  he  soon  rda|ps^  into  a 
state  of  fury.  The  si^t  of  a 
lookiug-^^biss  or  of  any  h^uid,  ex* 
cited  the  most  violent  agita^ioB. 
In  the  morning  he  had  swaUowttl 
a  few  drops  of  liquid,  but  when  I 
saw  him,  amaafiu  of  water,  wUdh 
was  poured  within  his  ]i|i%  paa- 
duced  dreadful  convidiioiiB  in  the 
musdes  ci  the  phasyBx^  aiid  ,he 
sjpet  it  out  violeBtly  npw  the  as- 
sistants. Theij^Mtawi^evra 
the  meie  contact  of  the  lb«n  wilh 
hishttr,  laodBcod  omwmm.of 


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2«B»    ANNUAL  HEGISTER,  1823. 


incredflde  violence.  His  body  bent 
and  unbent  itself  alternatdj  with 
an  energy  which  it  was  difficult 
to  account  for.  His  pulse  beat 
more  than  a  150  strokes  in  a  mi- 
nute, asd  Uft  xeairatian  wa«  intww 
rupted.  Ftom  all  these  iyiiiit>tonis» 
there  could  be  no  doubt  as  to  the 
existence  of  hydrophobia:  it  was 
evident  that  the  patient  was  on  the 
point  of  death. 

I  inquired  whether  .the  man  had 
been  bitten;  and  wa«  told  thftt lus 
relations  knew  nothing  about  such 
a  circumstance.  It  appeared  that 
the  patient  had  been  in  low  spirits 
for  some  time,  because  he  had  not 
strength  eaimgh  to  continue  his 
business  as  a  journeyman  baker  ; 
that  his  melancholy  had  increased 
since  the  receipt  of  a  letter  from 
a  woman  to  whom  he  waspassion- 
atdy  attached;  that,  two  weeks 
before,  he  had  tried  to  drown  his 
cares  by  excessive  drinking,  which 
lasted  several  days,  and  that  the 
consequence  o(  Ms  excess  was  a 
copious  bleeding  from  the  nose,  for 
vrhidi'  ht  contulted  a  phyacian> 
who  eoMideFed  his  case  to  be  a 
coomutiaa  of  ihe  brainy  and  order- 
ed &irfty  leedies  te  be  i^^ied*  af- 
ter haiviag  bled  him  from  Uie  arm 
thfeethnea  Notwithstaadingthis 
trenbnenty  the  patient  wasseijed 
wkb  sevend  paroxysms  of  (vay;  in 
whadi  he  ^ireatened  all  who  were 
near  hn,  and  swallowed  liquids 
wMfadtffeol^.  Hisrektkms^&uU 
i^g  dwt  Usdisoider  inareased,  and  • 
not  betac  able  to  lealrain  him, 
broBg^  hiitt  to  the  H^tei  Dieu  at 
niglit  i  kartti  also  dint  tiie  p»» 
taoMT  lud  betn  copiously  bled  in 
ihm  foot  at  Ar  Impital  ^lat  mom* 
ing,  mUhank  any  afanfeement  of  the 
pawiaysiui,  winch  fioliowed  each 
oiter  matm  mpidly^  end  imxiaaed 
gfcnIiyiDiiUeBaa 

I  ny»Bmiitt>c  flOBtts  of  the 


experiments,  in  whidi  I  had  i 
thephenomenaof  hydrophobia  c 
in  dogs,  by  the  injection  of 
waterinto  the  veins;  I  determined, 
therefore,  to  try  this  extreme  mea- 
sure. 

A  fimall  ^rringe  for  Iqrdiocele, 
in  a  very  indi£ferent  condition,  was 
brought  to  me ;  some  water  was 
heated  to  30  degrees  (Reaumur) ; 
I  ordered  the  ri^t  arm  of  the  pa- 
tient to  be  mind,  and  I  exposed 
it  by  making  an  inciaim  in  the 
sleeve  of  the  strait-waistooat.  I 
was  immediately  struck  by  several 
little  wounds  which  ^ipeared  on 
the  index,  and  a  much  larger  siaed 
tscar  on  the  seoend  bone  of  t^ 
meta<<a]:pus^  which  s^peaved  ta  be 
,the  effect  of  a  recent  fi^icatisn* 
of  the  cautery.  The  patient  was 
not  in  a  state  to  answer  any  ques- 
tiouj  and  his  friends  not  having 
been  able  to  give  me  any  infonna- 
tion  on  this  subject,  I  proceeded 
to  open  a  vein  in  the  fbre-ann. 
lliis  operation)  generally  so  sim- 
ple, was  in  this  case  rendexed  some- 
what difficulty  in  consequence  tf 
the  oontittual  motion  of  the  patient 
However,  five  or  six  strong  pupfls 
having  seised  his  arm,  I  suooeedsd 
in  passing  two  threads  under  the 
vein,  and  made  an  opening  sa  it 
which  enaUed  me  to  intnodnee 
the  mouth  sf  the  syringe.  It  was 
a  quarter  past  one  si'clock  when  I 
began  to  imeet  into  the  vein,  tiie 
quantity  of  two  pounds  of 
at  ^0^  Reaumur,  havingi 
the  syringe  nine  times. 

£very  time  I  injected  a  syringe- 
foil  of  water,  I  examined  tlie  pa* 
tint  to  see  whether  it  had  pro- 
duced any  effect  whidi  might  in- 
duce me  to  suspend  the  injeiedon ; 
but  there  was  no  paitiealar  ehange; 
he  oonttnoed  to  vociferate,  and  to 
talk  of  his  inevitable  dissolution, 
&0^;  Iedlystopp«d%eem»sl€OB« 


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NATURAL  fflSTORY,.«!c;  ;     «8t 


em^ml  ^t  I  bad  ii^eeted  enoid^ 
to  produce  i^  juosiUe  efibct  The 
injection  was  concluded  at  40  mi-« 
nutespaatone.  I  tecuied  ^ fcin 
aboYc  and  below  the  wound.  AL* 
readjaa  unexpected  degreeof  tnuv* 
quiUity  waaobaenred  in  thepatient; 
oia  pulae  waa  sentihly  diminish* 
jyog^;  it  fell  fiom  150  to  190;  aoon 
afier  to  100;  and  twenty  minutea 
b»d  acaiody  elapsed  before  it  Mi 
to  80.  At  tbia  time  we  cbaarred 
a  phenonumoa  which  no  one  had 
veutiircd  to  hope  fbc:  alltheaeote 
and  Tiolcht  lymptoms  diai^peaced, 
witbapromptitude  which  astonidw 
ed  all  who  witneaaed  it;  I  felt 
at  this  moment  the  highest  satis- 
faot]«Nii  whidi  I  have  ever  eiqieri* 
eoced. 

The  patient  regained  the  use  of 
bia  reason;  bis  fiuy  was  succeeded 
by  perfect  tranquillity;  bis  eyes 
recovered  their  natural  eacpression; 
the  conrnlstra  motiona  oeaaad; 
and,  whal  ia  vioat  aactraordiaary, 
be  was  able  to  drink  without  any 
diffieiilty  a  glasa  of  water  whidi 
waa  presented  to  him;  in  short, 
the  state  of  the  patient  bad  imder- 
gone  a  eompfete  chaa^^  Soon 
after,  CatUard  canaad  the  stndt* 
waistcoat  to  be  removed  from  the 
patienty  who  immedktely  asked 
penaission  to  get  up,  and  godown 
into  the  coart  to  make  water.  It 
waa  thought  finr  aone  time  ^uilt 
the  veqacst  was  the  eAct  of  some- 
rensaaaa  of  delirium,  but  be  re* 
peated  it  so  often,  and  m  so  press* 
iBg  a  manner,  that  M.  Cailkrd  at 
length  eenseated  to  ii^  and  was 
ftatnawfaed  ta  see  the  patieitt,  sup* 
ported  by  the  popiH  viralk  cabidy 
towards  the  door.  When  it  was 
found  that  be  veaUy  wanted  to 
make  wafcav,  be  w^  told  thai  be 
had  better  do  sa  in  a  eomav  nf  the 
room*  A  few  mintiteB  afler>  he 
FOmdaboatapoM  of  amey  tttbid. 


ef  a  deep  yeBdw  adour,  a&d  at> 
extremely  fcetid  that  it  vras  necea* 
sary  to  cany  it  away  imwediatdy 
from  the  room* 

At  thia  time^  whicb  waaan  hour 
and  a  half  after  the  iatetioa^  tbe 
patient  asked  for  hia  rwatiens,  saw 
them,  oonversed  with  them  en  big 
a£Sum,  mid  resumed  Ua  ooorage 
and  bis  hope. 

•  The  phyaioal  state  of  tbe  patieM; 
at  thia  time  was  v«ry  ramsffkalde, 
and  resembled  noAing  I  have  ever 
witnessed*  He  bad  no  fever ;  hia 
pulse  scarcely  exceeded  80;  bat  aD 
the  fimctions  which  support  Mfo/ 
the  cdntxaotians  of  the  neart,  res« 
piration»  &&,  were  perfarasad  with' 
aquicktremor.  If  we  toadied  any 
muade,  we  fdt  it  agitated  by  tbe 
same  tremor;  ia  diort,  tbe awriad 
phenomena  in  tbia  patient  were  aa 
singahr  aa  the  nove^  of  hia  eon- 
ditioD. 

In  tbe  cvcniag  of  tiie  17tb  he 
leocived  tbe  succouia  of  retiffioo* 
In  the  night  be  bad  bemonrhage 
of  the  ha^  intcatines ;  the  bleed 
came  out  m  dota  of  aewly  a  caMe 
ineh,  and  had  tbe  appeafaBae  cf ' 
arterial bb)od;  it  waaauaadwidi 
portiona  of  w^^fmmad  fecal  mat* 
ter.  A  little  pain  in  tbe  abdomen 
foikwed  tUa  accident ;  but  it  waa 
oalaaed  byenMlliettt  dysteraraad 


The  patiaat  waa  abk  to  take 
■e  cbickta  bivtlK.  He  ceatiaued 
to  get  batter  wilbeut  intanraptian 
till  the  fifth  day;  m  that  day  ha 
complained  of  acute  pains  ia  tba 
wxisu,  hwaa,  and  elMwe.    Tbe 
left  knee  eapeesaily  waa  earelM^ 
and  the  dbow  and  mtk^  aa  tba, 
same  side.    Baaides-  theae.  iniam- 
laatory  aooidetats,  wbidi  badevi«». 
deatly  naeonncKioKwbb  theeiU) 
ginal  diseisa,   aod  |»ekably  rsaa 
wiA  dw  method  ef  treotamut,  tba . 
patiest  bdKttad  fpidfet- 


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SW»     ANSrUAL  REGrSTERri823 


cmri|ilaitit  On  the momingthat 
be  Wte  brought  to  the  Hotel  £>i^, 
M.  Oullard  judged  it  necessary  to 
bleed  him  copiously  in  the  foot. 
The  bleeding  was  performed  dur« 
ing  the  most  violent  state  of  the 
symptoms,  and  the  motions  of  the 
patient  had  caused  the  points  df 
two  lancets  to  be  broken  in  the 
inner  side  of  the  tibia.  These  ex- 
traflieous  bodies  had  excited  a  vio- 
lent inflammation  of  the  foot  and 
of  the  posterior  part  of  the  leg,  and 
there  was  every  reason  to  believe 
diat  a  large  abscess  had  formed  in 
thkpart. 

These  different  local  accidents 
contributed  to  threaten  the  life  of 
the  patient ;  in  addition  to  these, 
involuntary  vomiting  of  green 
itaatter^  supervened,  the  abdomen 
was  painAu  to  the  touch  towards 
the  OBcum,  and  fever  beean  to  ap- 
pear. Some  persons  said  incau- 
tiously before  the  patient,  that  he 
bad  heea  bitten  by  a  mad  dog,  and 
t]iat  an  experiment  had  been  made 
Upon  him.  From  that  time  his 
mind  became  sensibly  affected ;  he 
despaired  of  obtaining  a  cure,  and 
was  constantly  in  apprehension 
that  some  person  was  coming  to 
smother  him.  At  len|;th,  on  the 
8th  day  after  the  injection,  no  hope 
of  a  cure  remained,  and  he  died  ear- 
ly on  the  9th  day.  There  was  no- 
thing particular  in  the  manner  of 
his  death;  he  was  sensible  diai 
his  death  was  Mmroaching,  and 
he  dosed  a  little  befiore  his  disso- 
lution. 

The  bo^  was  opened  in  the 
prewnc»  ^  a  gnat  muBbar  dT 
{vactiliimnrs  and  students. 

Onr  attention  was  Ibst  directed 
to  the  local  accidents  which  had 
evidently  caused  the  death  of  the 
ptaent;  we  expeeted  to  find  a 
mBtf/B  absccM  in  die  poslensf  part 
of  the  isghl  kg;  tad  ire  did  k 


fact  find'^one  occupying  the 'space 
between  the  projection  of  the  adf 
and  the  heel. 

We  then  examined  the  swelled 
joints  which  had  occaaoned  such 
severe  pain  to  the  patient,  namely, 
the  knee,  the  dhow,  and  the  wrii^ 
of  the  left  ade.  We  (bund  aO 
these  jdnts  filled  with  pus,  and 
their  synovia  in  a  state  of  vioient 
inflammation.  The  cartilages^  as 
it  often  hi^^ns,  did  not  partici- 
pate in  this  inflammation. 

We  did  not  expect  to  find  any 
severe  lesion  of  the  intfwtini] 
canal;  there  was  no  rcmarkahk 
appearance  in  this  part ;  neverthe- 
less, the  hemorrhage  hy  Uie  anus, 
the  pain  felt  by  the  padent  which 
obliged  us  to  have  recourse  to 
emoUients,  showed  that'  the  diges- 
tive organs  were  not  in  a  sound 
state,  and  accordingly  we  found 
the  mucous  membrane  at  the  end 
of  the  small  intestines  red  by  the 
injection  and  expamrion  fi  its 
veins.  This  redness,  thou^  less 
strongly  marked,  readied  as  h%h 
as.thejdunum.  At  the  junction 
of  the  iuum  with  the  cecum  there 
were  a  dosen  little  superfidal  and 
recent  uloeratimis.  The  laifsst 
were  aquarter  of  an  inch  in  lengdi, 
and  one-rixth  in  breadth ;  and  the 
coi'i^ospunding  mesenteric  gtands 
were  but  little  swelled,  without  any 
alteration  of  their  structure— a  or- 
cunatance  which  proves  that  diey 
were  very  receni.  These  was  no- 
thing remarkable  in  the  lavge  in- 
testinesi,  from  wUch  thehonofr- 
hage  had  certainly  proceeded.  The 
pharynx,  casophagus,  and  i 
pveaented  nothing  worfiiy  of  i 
vation. 

But  a  generd  phenomenoo, 
which  was  very  remarkable*  was 
the  decUbd  state  of  putnfrataoB 
in  whkli  we  fomid  the  bbad. 
This  flttid  was  eveqr  when  fi]wi 


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NATURAL  HISTORY,.  <av  /.     ^m" 


and  had  furnished  a  great  ^uantily 
of  m»,  wldch  filled  and  distended 
the  neart  and  large  vessels,  and  had 
producedsub*peritoneal  emphysema 
of  the  stomacm  and  intestines.  The 
lungs  were  sounds  though  a  little 
swefied  in  their  posterior  part ; 
the  bronchial  divisions  were  red, 
but  the  trachea  was  sound.  * 

Nothing  particular  was  observed 
in  the  nervous  system.  Some  red« 
dish  serum  was  seen  at  the  base  of 
the  cranium,  and  in  the  vertebral 
canal.  The  veins  of  the  brain, 
and  oi  the  rachidian  prolongation, 
were  filled  with  red  liquid  blood. 
The  ganglions  of  the  grand  sym- 
pathetic were  in  a  natimd  state. 
The  little  wounds  and  scar  of  the 
hand  were  also  examined  With  the 
greatest  care,  and  all  the  medical 
gentlemen  present  were  struck  with 
Uie  resemblance  of  these  wounds  to 
bites,  and  of  the. scar  to  the  efiects 
of  the  recent  application  of  the 
cautery. 

It  results  from  the  history  of 
this  case,  that  a  disease,  which  ex« 
hibited  all  the  characters  of  by- 
dropholna,    ceased  by    the  intro- 


duetion  of  a  pint*  of  wann  water 
into  the  veins;  that  the  patient 
survived  this  introduction  eig^t 
days ;  that  no  accident  appeared 
to  follow  from  it;  and  that  the 
death  of  the  patient  appears  to 
have  been  caused  by  a  local  disease, 
which  was  wholly  unconnected 
with  the  hydrophobia,  and  the  new 
mode  of  tr^tment. 

ExpermenU  <m  Digestion  by  Sir 
A.  Cooper.— In  conducting  these 
experiments,  every  practicably 
umforraity  of  method  was  6b6erv64- 
The  substances  were  cut  to  a  de- 
terminate form,  and  weighed. 
They  were  then  forced  into  the 
animal's  throat.  A  g^ven  time 
having  elapsed,  the  dog  was  killed : 
and  ^e  substances  not  yet  dis- 
solved by  the  action  of  the  gastric 
juice,  being  again  weighed,  their 
loss,  and  consequently  their  degree 
of  digestibilHy  as  food,  under  the 
healthy  action  of  the  stomadi  of 
the  dogyt  was  estimated.  Raw 
food,  and  the  lean  parts  only  of 
meat,  were  given,  except  when  the 
contrary  is  expressed. 


Kind  of  food. 

...             ZXPB^mE^T  I. 

Form.                Quantity. 

Animal 
killed. 

Lonby    . 
Digestion. 

Pork 

long  and  narrow 

100  parts 

1  hour 

10 

Mutton 

••»     •••     •••     ••• 

•••     ••* 

•••     ••• 

9 

Veal 

•••     •••     •••     ••• 

•••     »•• 

•••     «.• 

4 

Beef 

•••     •••     ••«     •»• 

••»     ••• 

•••     ••• 

0 

BXPBRIMSNT  II. 

Mutton 

long  and  narrow 

100  parts 

S  hours 

46 

Beei 

•••     •••     •••     •••' 

«••     ••• 

•t«     ••• 

34 

Veal 

•••     •••     •••     ••• 

•••     ••• 

•••     ••• 

31 

Poric 

•••     •••     •••     ••• 

•••     *•» 

•••     ••• 

20 

*  The  xapid  putrefmction  of  the  blood, 
aud  the  considerable  develq>ement  of 
^as  in  the  vessels  and  heart,  are  alrooKt 
always  observed  in  the  bodies  of  indivi- 
duals and  animals  that  have  died  of  hy- 
drophobia. In  hot  weather  this  appear- 
ance is  very  striking  an  hour  after  debth. 
la  this  point  of  view,  the  excessively 


foetid  state  of  the  urine  pMsed  by  tlie 
patient  after  the  ii^ection  is  woitliy  of 
observation, 

*The  pint  of  PAris  contains  48  eMc 
inches.— 

t  ApproMhing  ntariy  in  stiuetnve  to 
Uie  stMitticb  €i,w  huoMMi  subject..     .> 


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Ml*    ANNUAL  RBOIflTER,   l8Sd. 

MXnKOMfT  ttk« 
fori  !oag  and  lufntm    tOD  ports       3  hours        '  9ft 

rattttOU  •••         •••         at*         •••  '•••         ••*  •#•         •••  Of 

J966x  •••      •••      •••      •••       •••      •••  •••      •••  37 

VC&l  •••      •••      •••      •••       •••      •••  •••      •••  40 

Anrk  long  and  narrow    lOO^parta       4]ioiivs         100 

-jHUttOn  •••        tr^        •*«        ••»  •••        •••  »••        •••  9* 

jjC€tL  •••  •••  ••#  ••«  -  •••'  •••    •••  •••     7^ 

iMOal         ••■    •••    •••    •••     t«*    •••       -•••    «r*         Off 

It  is  mbbaUe  that  the  digestion  of  the  Aoe,  widi  v^ard  to  pori:, 
difiigrs  mmi  that  of  the  human  subject ;  as,  when  the  human  stcmiadi 
-is  at  idl  weaikened,  the  order  of  digestion  in  these  meats  appears  to  b^ 

I  Mutton  2  Beef    ;       3  Veal  4  Pork. 

Something  also  max  be  attributed  to  the  absence  of  fat  in  the  afafe 
experiments  ;  and  more  esfiedally  the  &t  of  pcnrk. 

£XPBRIMSNT  V. 

Animal  LoisVy 

KindoffboU.               Form.                Quantity.  lolled.  digestka. 

Cheese                square             100  parts  4  hours  76 

BAutton               •••     •••             •••     •••  ••*    •••  05 

j^ork                  •••     •••             »••    •••  •••    •••  vQ 

Veal                  •••    ••*             ••• '  ••*  •••    •*•  *9 

ISeei                   •••  '  •••             •••     •••  •••     •••  11 

EXPBRIHBNT  VI. 

Beef           long  and  narrow     lOO  parts  2  hours  0 

Rabbit        •••     •••     •••     •••      •••     •••  *••     •••  O 

Cod-nsh      •••     •••     ■••'    •••      •••     ••*  •••     •••  I** 

Hence  it  appears  that  fish  is  easily  digested. 

SXPERlifSKT   VII. 

Kin^  of  food.  ,  Form.  Quantity.     Lon  by  Digestifa. 

Qieese  long  and  narrow       '   100  parts  2^ 

V  at  •••     •••     •••     •••  •••     •••  /u 

fiXPSRIMENT  Vlir.  ' 

To  the  same  dog,  beef  and  a  portion  of  taw  potalo  were  gireii,  of 
eacb»  100  parts, 

Losr  by  digestion.  ' 
Beef        .        .        .        ,        •  100 

Potato 43 

The  skin  in  contact  with  the  potato  was  not  acted  tipon.    Under  the 
ddn  the  potato  was  dissolved,  but  the  gastric  Juice  'hadnot  roadbed  iB 
centre.    Where  the  skin  was  smirated,  it  was  dissoh^. 
:    lathe  d^Ki  «ccosding  to  the  following  experiment8»  roast  veal  b  i 
4iffi(mU.of  digestioii  thaa  boiled ;« 


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NATURAL  H»TOBY»  fre. 


Mjamtmam  nc. 


Klndoffbod. 
Roast  Veal 
Boiled  ^tto 


Form, 
long  and  torrow 


(Juaniity. 
100  parts 


Animal 


digett^Q. 

.7 
SO 


long  and  nanow  ■  100  parts 


Roast  Veal    long  and  nanow  ■  100  parts       • S 

Boilod  ditto   •••     •••     •••     »»•      •«•*«•  •••    •••  81 

The  following  materials  were  nex(  the  subject  of  tiiAl:^« 

«3t#1»StMXNT  XI. 

$)wuiaty.  A&imAl  kftkd.        h&nbf  di^mAim, 

100  parte  4  faouM  W 

M 
itl 


Muscle 

Slan 

Cartilage 

Tendon 

Bone 

Fat 


6 

5 

100 


'  The  apfieaiances  produtied  were  these :— ^In  the  mwU^le,  ti  t 
of  the  fibres  hj  gradual  sohition  oC  the  connecting  media  first  tocdt 
plAqe ;  and  afterwapds,  the  fibrte  themselves  became  oroken  down  into 
rery  minQte  portions.  v 

The  skin,  upon  its  under  surfiice/  was  broken  down  i  but  upon  its 
ttpper  surface  was  not  altered. 

The  cartilage  was  apparently  worm-eaten. 
'    The  tendon  was  reduced  to  ik  pnl^^  gelatinous  substance. 

WmTHBIi  Bk^BBTMBNT  ON  THB  DI0E8TI0N  OP  BOKS. 


SXPBBIBIBNT  ZU. 


Thigh  bone           100  parts 
.    Ditto 

Scapula  •••     .•• 

'  In  the  human  subject  the  sto- 
mach is  capable  of  aeting  upon 
bone;  of  whioh fact,  the ibUowing 
case  is  an  example  :•— • 

On  Monday  the  28th  of  Mardi^ 
«  little  girl,  irearly  four  years  of 
age^  aecitoitally  swallowed  a 
£onwio,  which  passed  the  bowds 
in  rather  more  than  three  days. 
•ThentedicalatleBdant  (Mr.Maiden, 
of  Stratford)  observing  tlutt  it  was 
much  smaller  in  size  than  the  other 
dominaes  of  whi^  it  had  been  one 
In  the>  set,  waa  induced  to  we^h 
it,  and  found  tiiat  its  weight  was 
anty  34  grains,  while  that  oi  the 
others  was  56  gsains;  so  that  it 


Animal  killeA. 
8  hours 
6i  hours 
6  hours 


bydlgcstkm. 
S 
30 
100 


lost  by  digestion  89  grains.  Those 
surfaces  of  the  dcmiino^  whidi, 
when  swallowed,  were  hollow  and 
blackened,  as  usual>  were  found 
prominent  like  buttons. 

Esiraordinarff  instance  of  sus* 
fendtd  Mentaiand  Bodily  fune^ 
ttofi^.^— The  fbUowing  singular 
case  was  related  by  Sir  ^l«y 
Cooper,  in  one  of  his  late  lee* 
tures: — 

-  "A  man  was  pressed  on  board  of 
one  of  his  majesty's -ships  6arly  in 
the  Ifttere^blutionary  war.  while 
on  board  this  vessel,  in  ihe  Md^ 
teiranean,  -he  received  a  fdl<  from 
the  yard-arm,  and  when  i^ekedi^ 


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ANNUAL  BEQISTBR,   1823. 


beiiiMfaknidtobeiiiaeiittUe.  Hie 
vessU  Baon  after  nmking  Giliraltar,, 
ke  was  deposited  in  ahospital  at 
that  place,  wheiie  he  remained  for 
some  months,  still  insensiUe  ;  and 
aome  time  after  he  was  hrodght 
from  Gibraltar  on  hoard  the  DoU 
phin  ffigale,  to  a  d6p6t  for  aailors 
at  Deptfbrd.  While  he  was  at> 
Deptford,  the  surgeon  under  whose 
cure  he  was,  was  vi^ted  by  Mr. 
Davy,  who  was  thenan  apprentice 
at  this  hoq[»ital :  the  sui;geoa  said 
to  Mr.  Davy,  '  I  have,  a  .case 
which  I  think  you  would  like  to 
see.  It  is  a  man  who  ha&beenin- 
sensible  for  many  months;  he  lies 
on  his  back  with  very  few  signs 
of.  life  ;  he  breathes,  indeed,  has  a 
pulflOy  and  some  motion  in  his  fin* 
Mrs;  but  in  all  other  reelects  he 
18  apparently  de{aived  of  all  pow- 
ers of  mind,'  volition,  or  sensation.' 
Mr.  Davy  went  to  see  the  case; 
and,  on  examining  the  patient,' 
found  that  there  was  a  slight  de« 
pression  on  one  part  of  the  head. 
Being  informed  of  the  accident 
whL^  had  occasioned  this  depress 
skm,  he  recommended  the  man  to 
be  sent  to  St.  Thomas's  hoq^ital. 
He  was  placed  under  the  care  of 
Mr.  Cline  ;  and  when  he  was  first 
admitted  into  ^is  hoqpital,  I  saw 
him  lying  on  his  back,  breathing 
wkhmit  any  gseat  difficulty ;  his 
pite  regular,  his  arms .  extended, 
and  his  rnieers  numng  to  and  fro 
to  the  motion  of  his  hoirt;  so  that 
3F0U  could  count  his  puke  by  this 
BMtion  of  his^fingers.  If  he  .want- 
ed food,  he  had  the  power  <^  mov* 
ii^hisMps  and. tongue;  apd  this 
action  of  his  mouth  was  .the  8igi» 
ncd  to  Ina  attendants  for  supply* 
irtg  this  waatt. 

.  ''  Mr.  Qmo,  qd  ffYamining  his 
head,  found  an  nMousdepsiMsiDn.; 
aad-lS  moMhs  and  a  few  days 
after  the  aceident,  he  was  carried 


iiM)  tfe  opetating  ihrlw^  aad 
there  txeMjaed.  The  deprerndt 
portion  of  bone  was  elevated  horn 
the  skull.  While  he  wagi  lying  ob 
the  table,  the  motion  of  bis  fingers 
went  on  during  the  opeoation,  but 
no  sooner  was  the  ^portion  ofbmv 
raised  than  it  ceased.  The  ope»- 
tion  was  peiforroed  at  eae  e^clodk, 
in  the  afternoon;  and  at  four 
o'ek)ck,.a8  I  was  waUdi^  thwrn^ 
the  wasdsyj  went  u^  to  tiie  Bum's 
bed-side,.and  was  surprised  to  see 
him  sitting  up  in  his  bed.  Hehad 
nused  himself  on  his  ptllow.  I 
asked  him  if  he  felt  any  paia,  and 
he  immediately  put  hiihand  to  his 
head.  In  four  days  from  that  time 
he  was  able  to  get  out  of  bed,  and 
b^an  to  converse;  and  in  a  few 
days  more  was  *able  to  tell  us  wbeie 
he  came  fteom.  He  recollected  die 
circumstance  of  his  havii^  hem 
pressed,  and  carried  down  to  Ply* 
mouth,  or  FBlmouth;  but  ham 
that  moment  up  to  the  time  when 
the  operation  was  po-fonped  (that 
is,  for  a  period  of  13  montfasand 
some  days),  his  mind  had  remained 
in  a  state  of  perfect  oUivion.  He 
Imd-sttflbied  a  comj^ete  death,  as 
far  as  regarded  his  mental  mdal* 
most  all  his  bodily  powers ;  but  by 
remaving  a  small  pordon  of  bone 
with  the  saw,  he  was  at.ODce  re« 
stored  to  all  Uie  ftmetkiBs  of  Us 
mind,  and  ahnost  all  the  powencf 
his  body." 

Tkecon^mrativetirengih  iifJbar 
Moir.— .The  lirst   instnmwrnt  for 

mal  strei^th  was  invented  by  Gm* 
ham,  and  inqpiDved  by  DeaMn- 
liees;  but  bemg  cowtrudeq  rf 
wooden  wmk,  it  waa  too.  buik^ 
and  haavy  to  be^pai  tablo ;  anih^ 
ade8,tomake«amanients  endifr' 
fevent  parts  <^  die  .body, 
machines  wet cineneMary, 
edto.thf  pmt  tabe^tnad. 


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NATURAL  fflSTOHY,  Scfi. 


««9^ 


'At  Ike  reraest  of  Baffm  and 
Gmmegm,  M.  Kegnier  was  indact4 
to  dkecti^B  attention  to  the  i|oW 
joet,  and  p!odueed  a  much  ampler 
and  mors  conrenient  iiiBtniment» 
which  hua  been  lince  known  hy 
tha  name  of  ^^  B^gnier's  Dynan»> 
anetar^"  Thia  inftnimcait  consists 
id  Awpring,  IS  indies  in  length, 
coBft>osed  of  the  best  st^,  weU 
welded  i»id  tempered^  and  ben|; 
into  the  ftnrm  of  an  ellipflis.  Wh^ 
«  person  conqpresnes  tW  ^ring 
wim  his  hands;,  or  when  a  hone 
3g%i^s  it  <mtleQgthwiie>  bjr  ] 
the  two  e^Manooutiesy  the 


tire  gffnag  '^[iproach  eadi  otber^; 
and  bj  an  apparatus  appended  to 
i^  consisting  of  an  index  and  send* 
ciicular  plate^  the  degree  of  ap- 
proach^  mi.  consequently  of  effint 
om^d^yyed,  is  ascertained  with  the 
greatest  accnracj* 

Oiie.of  the  most  iringiil»T  facts 
respectinff  man^  detennined  byr 
meanf  of  this  instrument^  is  the 
superiority  in  point  of  strength  d 
the  civilised  over  the  savage  state, 
and  of  the  Ei^dishman  over  the 
Frenchman*  The  following  is  ona 
c^  M.  Reamer's  tables,  made  up 
ftom  actual  trial :-« 


I  Of  Van  Dieman's  Land. 
Savagei^  Of  New  Holland   

<0f  Timor 

Preocbnen  ••••••••••••••••••• 

FfltfP'P^VI^lf^  •••••*  •••••4  ••  •  •••  • 


8TRBN0TH. 

With  the 

With  the 

Hftnd8. 

Reins. 

30     6 

0     0 

51     8 

14     8 

58     7 

16    2. 

09    ^ 

22  a. 

71     4 

i    2^    «. 

Auneuiar  Organs.-- SirEverard 
Home  has  recently  made  some  in^ 
quiries  by  way  of  comparison  be- 
tween the  auricular  organs  of  man 
and  quadrupeds.  The  result  of 
his  researches  s6ems  to  prove,  that 
dmll  tonesjior  tho  upper  notes  of 
m  instrOment,  have  cmnparatively 
little  efifeot  in  emtbg  uie  atten- 
lionr  of  soninuds,  whSst  the  lol 
lower  tones  stimulate  them  almost 
a»  fury.  Sir  £vemrd  ebscsv^'^ 
'f  that  tho  e&et  of  the  high  notes 
of  tba  mano-tetsr  npon  the  great 
Hm  in  iBxelor  Change  onlf  eallol 
hisaitteiition,  which  was  oomastoi 
aUe,  theii^  he  leniaiaed  nlsat 
atid  <  moitonkw.  But  no  aooner 
vsasoiiia&M^  or  loMffnotas,  satuMU 
0%  tha&4iesHrangiip,  kriied  hm 

tesuoiid t^ hsaak  looaa ;  and^bet^ 
koMltor  so  fiiiious^  as  lb 
Vol.  LXV. 


alann  the  spectators  present.  Thb 
^violent  excitement  ceased  with  the 
discontinuance  of  the  music.  The 
deep  tones  of  the  French  horn  also 
poduced  a  similar  eflfect  with  ihd 
lower  tones  of  the  piano-forte  on 
the  ^phanty  and  other  animals^  on 
which  the  experiment  was  made. 

InsecU  itt  Amber. — M.  Schweig* 
^er;- having  vtay  attentively  ex- 
mnined  the  mseots  contained  in  the 
bits  of  y^ow  ambev  found  off  tl^ 
aoasts  of  Prusday  and  which  at  first 
aq^  mi^t  be  diou^t  to  be  the 
same  aa  the  present  maects  of  that 
eaantry>  has  diseovered>  ^bat  th^ 
in  Act  oftcQ  bakm  to  the  same 
geneca^  but  not  to  the  same  s^sciei 
as  those  living  at  dio  psaieni  ds(^ 
Amoiy  thesMdl  number  of  intases 
doBcrfliadaad  fi^Ared  in  the  tm^ 
of  this  anther,  are  asi  unknown 
of  acorpifln,  and  i  qadav 

T* 


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290*     ANNUAL  REGISTER,    1823. 


which  difien  from  all  the  qgedet 
living  at  present,  in  not  having 
the  ^ad  or  a  single  piece  with  the 
thorax.  Mr*  Germar,  professcnr  at 
Halle,  has  given  the  result  ci  a 
similar  investigation  in  an  Ento- 
mological Journal,  where  he  tries 
to  determine  some  species  of  those 
amber  insects,  the  analogues  of 
which  are  not  found  alive  at  the 
present  day. 

Animalcules  in  the  Arctic  Occam. 
— Captain  Scoreshy,  in  his  voyage 
to  Spitsbergen,  observed  in  the  sea 
a  ccAaar  that  had  **  the  appeazanoe 
of  an  admixture  with  flowers  of 
sulphur  or  mustard :  whenever  the 
ship  passed  through  any  of  this 
peculiar  water,  the  patch  or  streak 
was  divided,  and  did  not  again 
unite;  from  which  circumstanoe 
it  appeared,  that  the  colouring 
matter  was  quite  superfidaL  Sus- 
pecting it  to  be  of  animal  nature, 
a  quantity  of  the  yellowish-green 
water  was  procured ;  and,  on  ex- 
amination by  the  miscrosoope,  was 
found  to  contain  animalcules  in  im* 
mense  numbers.    The  larger  pn>- 


portioii  of  these,  conmitSng  aC  m 
tronqiarent  substanee  of  a  fcwwa 
yellow  colour,  and  globular  form, 
appeared  to  possess  very  little  power 
of  motion ;  but  a  part,  amoontin^ 
perha]^  to  a  fifth  cf  the  whole, 
were  in  continual  action.  Some 
•of  these  being  seen  advandag  hf 
a  slightly-waving  -motion,  at  the 
rate  of  l-180th  of  an  indi  in  a 
second,  and  others  spiiiiiing  romd 
with  consideralde  celerity,  gme 
great  interest  and  livdiness  to  the 
examination.  But  the  progicwpe 
motion  of  the  most  aolive:,  how- 
ever distinct  and  rapid  it  suf^ 
appear  imder  a  hi^  WMigaifyiag 
power,  was,  in  rea&ty,  extzeandv 
slow ;  for  it  did  not  exceed  anmni 
in  tluree  minutes.  At  this  lyte, 
they  would  require  151  days  Id 
travel  a  nautical  mile.  The  Coe- 
dor,  it  is  generally  believed,  eoald 
fly  round  the  globe  at  the  equator, 
assisted  l^-  a  favourable  gak,  in 
about  a  week;  ^these  aasBiakiik^ 
in  still  water,  could  not  aooomplisk 
the  nine  diatanee  in  len  than  8,996 
years." 


GEOGRAPHY,   ASTRONOMY,   &c. 


Ascent  qf  Mount  Amo.— The 
85th  volume  of  the  Memoira  of  the 
Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of 
Turin  contains  an  account  of  a 
journey  to  the  top  of  the  southern 
peak  of  Mount  Ram,  a  singular 
mountain  of  the  Pennine  AJ^ 
forming  a  drcus  of  cpffantic  peaks 
round  the  village  cf  Macugnagi^ 
«Bd  supposed  to  derive  its  name 
&om  some  resemblance  to  an  ex- 
aanded  rose.  Its  summit  has 
hitherto  been  regarded  as  themost 
elevated  point  in  Europe,  except 


that  c^  Mont  Blanc;  and  theob* 
aervations  made  on  thia  oocasiflB 
by  Messrs.  Zumstein  and  .Vinoent, 
the  enterpriaiiig  individnals  who 
aenrnnyUshed  &  ascent,  tend  to 
move  Its  si^perior  hei^t  even  to 
Mont  Blanc  Vincent  first  xeoon- 
noitred  the  mountain,  particQlaiif 
the  frosen  .ste^  leading  to  die 
south«west  peak.  He  pEoo^eded 
acroas  inmeoie  bida  ctf  floow  to  the 
aummitof  a  lofty  pyramid  aftke, 
where,  but  fix: «  heavy  .nunr-ilonii 
heneadi   hiait  a- 


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GEOGRAPHY,  ASTRONOMY,  &<?.    29I» 


t  would  have  presented 
At  this  point  he  fixed  a 
cross  as  a  signal^  and  returned  to 
Ida  oompenion.  Oh  the  11th  of 
Ac^ust^  ISig,  1^  two  travellers^ 
Itmndied  with  proper  philosophical 
instruments^  as  well  as  with  cndnps 
to  their  shoes,  hooks,  and  poles 
aiiod  with  iron,  set  out  attended 
by  a  hunter.  They  reached  the 
region  of  eternal  snow,  and  passed 
^ose  miners'  cahxns  whieh  are 
esteemed  the  most  elevated  dwells 
inga  in  Europe,  and  hahitaUe  only 
daring  two  months  in  the  year. 
-Heoiee  every  step  of  theur  progress 
required  ^e  aid  of  their  hooiks  and 
poles,  and  they  were  obl^ed  to 
proteet  their  eyes  with  veus  and 
glasses.  They  soon  found  them- 
selves on  the  glaciers,  and  saw  the 
•sunmiit  of  Mont  Blanc,  illumined 
by  the  rays  of  the  rising  sun.  For 
several  hours  they  advanced  across 
a  sea  of  ice,  assisted  by  the  soHd 
'Snow,  which  formed  bridges  from 
one  mass  of  ice  to  another.  Thus 
ifaey^  readied  the  rode  at  whidi  the 
elacier  of  Embours  commences. 
Here  they  were  11,256  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea  ^  vesetation 
had  nearly  disappeared,  only  a  few 
lichens  and  umbdlicarias  bemg  dis* 
oove9»ble.  The  ice  now  bMsme 
.more  broken  up,  and  their  passage 
over  msHSCB  ot  snow  of  uncertam 
acridity,  with  deep  abysses  beneath 
-them,  was  far  frosn  enviable.  A 
violent  snow-storm  now  Overtook 
them,  from  which  they  found 
•Adter  under  an  impend&ag  mass 
of  ice,  of  threatening  appearance, 
and  v^^ikli,  the  foUowii^  di^,  ac- 
tudly  fell  with  a  horrmle  crash. 
The  remainder  of  tibeir  journey, 
ahbou^  short,  was  the  most  per^ 
ous,  astiheyhadtodSmban  umost 
>piiyirii<1ilsi  acdivity,  by  means 
-of  steps,  whidi'  they  cut  as  they 
pioeeeiSea,  whilst  a  terrifis  gotf 


^wned  benedlh  their  feet,  into 
which  the  slightest  tr^  must  have 
predpitated  them.  On  the  suihmit 
of  the  soiith^west  peak,  whidii^ 
peared  to  be  18,990  Pans  feet 
sbove  the  level  of  the  sea,  they 
drank  to  the  heaM  of  Sanissure 
and  Humbd^  By  their  obser- 
vations made  here,  the  hig^iest 
peak  of  Mount  Rosa  appeared  to 
be  1 5,600  Paris  feet  above  the  levd 
of  the  sea,  whereas  that  of  Mont 
Blanc  is  only  1^799' 

Rtusian  Vcmge  of  Dudover^. 
••-^The  ships  w  ostok  and  Mimr, 
^e  first  commanded  by  captain 
BelHnflhauseh,  the  second  by  cap 
tain  Losarew,  sailed  from  Cron- 
stadt,  July  Std,  1819,  and  having 
toudied  at  Copenhagen,  Ports- 
moudi>  and  Rio  de  Janeiro,  pro- 
ceeded to  the  South  Polar  Seas. 
On  the  24th  of  December,  they 
were  in  the  52nd  d^^ree  of  latitude^ 
and  percdved  land  covered  with 
mow :  the  following  day,  they  ap*- 
proadied  Kmg  Gcoi^'s  Island, 
the  N.E.  coasts  of  which  were 
surveyed  by  Cook :  they  spent  two 
da3rs  in  surveying  the  S.  W.  coasts. 
On  the  17th  they  passed  Clerk's 
Rock,  steering  towvds  Sandwich 
Land;  and,  on  the  22nd,  discovered 
a  new  idaod,  to  which  captain  B. 
gave  the  name  of  Marquis  of  Tra- 
verse's I.  (the  Russian  Minister  of 
the  Marine;)  *  This  island  con- 
tained a  peaked  mountain^  whidi 
was  conststtdy  smoking,  and  sur^ 
rounded  by  volcanic  substances. 
They  ascenided  it ;  but  ^e  expedi^ 
tion  was  vntfiout  naturalists,  those 
who  had  engaged  to  accompany  it 
not  having  joined  at  the  appointed 
time.  On  the  27^,  they  pasM 
ijie  isles  De  La  Rencontre,  at  the 
fistanoe  of  30  miles ;  and  on  fhe 
29th,  readied  Ihetslatid  called  by 
Cook,  Sandwich  Land.  The  greet 
Ei^lish  navigaUn:  thought   thai 


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292*    ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1^23. 


capes  Sftunden^  Montague,  aad 
Bnatol,  were,  or  at  least  might 
be,  the  points  ij£  a  land  of  a  cer- 
tain extent.  The  Rusdans  sailed 
found  them,  surveyed  them  care* 
fuUj,  and  proved  that  tSiey  are 
only  islands  of  small  compass,  as 
rocky  and  as stenleasKingGeoige's 
Island.  Perpetual  snow  covers 
those  Ua^  rocks,  whidi  rise  fimn 
the  bosom  of  an  ocean  envelo|»ed 
in  eternal  fogs.  The  moss,  the 
only  vegetation  of  Kinff'George'ft 
Island,  disappears  entir^  at  Sand- 
wich Land,  which  ought  to  be 
called  the  Southern  Sandwich 
Islands,  to  distinguish  them  firom 
those  in  the  great  ocean.  Floating 
ice  b^an  to  iill  the  sea;  the 
Walruss,  and  the  Penguins  in  great 
nnmbers,  chased  the  fish.  On  the 
4th  of  January  1620,  die  expedi- 
tion, after  reaching  lat.  6(P  9(f, 
left  Sandwich  Land,  and  sailed 
eastward,  following  at  first  tlie 
parallel  of  59^,  but  gradually  it 
reached,  in  an  oblique  Ime,  69^  5(/. 
In  tiiis  latitude  a  banier  dT  etenul 
ice  arrested  the  navigatora.  The 
Russians  were  more  than  once  on 
the  point  of  perishinj^  in  these 
frightful  seas;  the  &ating  ice 
threatened  to  dash  their  vessels  to 
pieces;  and  the  enormoaB  wave% 
d^senga^g  them  ftom  the  Aodk 
of  the  loe,  exposed  them  to  the 
dra^  of  Ming  over.  Th^ 
iuffifed  dreadfbHy  fttm  the  snow 
«ad  humidity,  Ihou^  it  was  the 
•ummer  season  in  tbt  hemisphere. 
Happily  the  most  vii^ent  tenyiests 
did  not  oocur  tin  after  the  7th  of 
March;  and,  on  the  other  hand, 
it  was  fipom  the  8rd  to  the  7th  of 
Maxdli  that  dto  masess  of  floating 
ice  were  the  most  nnmerous.  Thdii^ 
^tOes  niove,  that,  even  in  tlmse  high 
ktitudes,  the  ap^roachW  the  eqUi- 
iK«  is  accompuued,  as  among  us, 
by  great  coatnotioiis  ia  the  air  and 


the  water.  The  Aurom  i 
often  diarmed  zmt  expedttiofi*  It 
appeared  to  come  uwetautly  6eiBi 
Ae  Pole,  and  not  frooi  «iL  the 
points  of  tiie  horiaon  ^  it  i 
ed  the  navigators  by  tlio 
and  brilHancy  of  xtsedUwiBy ' 
resembled  those  c£  ^» 
It  assumed  a  tikousaod 
fmrns:  sometimes,  l&e  a 
odumn,  it  arose  steadQy  in  te 
dry;  sometimes,  broken  into  bn^ 
rays,  it  memed  to  tzavcae  ths 
region  of  die  doods.  As  eai^as 
the  fifth  of  March,  the  Mini  bad 
parted  ftom  the  Woatok,  to  pw- 
ceed  in  a  lower  latitude  to  Bsit 
Jaciuon,«-'-avei7JudieioasarcaBge- 
ment,  because  oie  liimfald  mole 
of  iJiese  vessels  acfooa  tho  Nsr 
Seas  to  the  south  of  Sandwich 
Land,  c^  the  Island  of  dfeeoiaer 
sion  and  Kerguelen's  •  Lsnd,  Ibb 
swept  a  great  extent  of  seas 
hidierto-uiutnown,  andalmoat^ 
monstrated  that  no  land  of  ai^ 
considerable  extent  exiata  sfasBs^ 
aince  the  two  RusaiBn  ynmh, 
taking  two  diiSment  leatos,  M 
not  meet  even  with  an  isfet.  Oa 
the  I9di  of  March  the  Woslak 
steered  northwards,  and  on  the 
80th  anchored  in  Pert 
after  a  cruise  of  ISO  dayiiat 
Km^  Pohur  Seas.  Tiie  ' 
j<nned  se^ren  days  afterwaada.  Thii 
nffst  campaiffa  was 
it  conducted  the 
through  a  part  of  the  i 
captain  Cook  had  indeed  i 
bold  advances,  and 
to  die  Pole  $tan  those  of 
BdKnghausen;  but  the] 
4HWiing  on  a 


ivuBui  tae  naar 


On  the  8lst  el  Oelober  liM, 
the  oip^tion  quHtad  Won 
sen  to  eaear  the  Polar 
oond  tiaWi    On 


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OEOGEAPHY,  ASTRONOMY,  &c    2ga* 


WgtfttoiHdlimindtheBole^  wbidi 
wy  4tMiesfweA  to  iqifioadi  iff 
ttBtf.  iB  tbej  oodd :  onoe  ottlf  thef 
iwcbed  the  70th  d^ree.  Near 
Mftoqnajcffie  faloBd  iJiey  asw  numy 
EbgHdi  whalen>  wlio  were  himt- 
ittg  iea*ekplia&tff  and  seals,  whkli 
aie  extremely  numeffoiu  on  the 
eoMCs  of  that  island.  They  here, 
ftr  the  fiMt  tame^  fek  a  submarine 
mrlhqsuiMR.  The  shoek  was  very 
violent,  and  the  whalers  had  no* 
tioed  three  during  the  night  Ao^- 
eordkig  eo  their  account,  an  earth« 
quake  is  felt  on  those  seaseray 

On  the  11th  of  January  1821, 
tbey  at  length  discovered  an  i^md 
idnttunAed  witii  ice,  to  which  they 

rve  the  name  of  Peter  Idand.  It 
vaeff^i^  iou^  lat.  and  in  91^ 
irast  kM^gitude  of  Greenwich  (98^ 
M"  west  of  Hhe  meridian  of  PteisL ) 
It  is  the  meridifin  of  the  Gaila* 
fMoe  islioids.  On  the  17th  ai 
iaatiary,  still  sidling  undto  tiie 
i«Bie  latitttde,  they  diseof  en^  « 
otriat  environed  with  ice,  the  end 
^  whidh  the^  ^  not  distinetly  see^ 
They  csUed  it  the  Coast  of  Alex^ 
Mder  I.,  end  iiiled  along  it  fixnn 
tte  7ftd  to  ^  74th  degree  of 
tvMt  longitude  from  Greenwich. 
They  wereincKned  to  beUere  thsU 
this  eottSt  is  of  no  great  Extent; 
Thtt^  t^^  ^^seoveries  are  highly 
fatterestioi^:  they  are  the  two 
neaoest  ponM  of  land  to  the  Soutii 
Pot^nH^  whidi  we  atfeaoquainted^ 
tmhsff  a  Tame  fumoor  diould  be 
eittfinned  cttknd  discovered  in  the 
wutfaflitt  Ocean  by  an  Ameri0Bn 
Wtektin  lat  W.  Fjom  Alex- 
Ittid^s  Coist  the  Aittsians  repaired 
to  the  islands  of  New  Shedand, 
wkidi  tfMy  examined  with  great 
itorbmiaectaaoy.  They  inereased 
die  nnbber  by  sis,  wUch  makes 
thenumb^.ef  new  idands  added 


by  this  voywe  |o  geography, 
itmomit  to  thirty.  Those  of  New 
SheUand  are  smaller,  and  especially 
narrower  than  they  were  supposed 
to  be  from  the  account  of  Mr. 
William  Smith.  The  Bussians, 
when  to  the  Soudi  of  several  of 
these  islands,  saw  distinctly  the 
English  and  American  whalers  at 
a&(£ar  to  the  North  of  them.  The 
eameditaon  proceeded  from  this 
pomt  to  New  Creorgia,  whence  it 
sailed,  in  1819,  to  traverse  the 
Polar  Seas.  Thus  returmng  to 
the  same  point,  it  had  completed 
the  circumnavigation  of  the  globe 
in  die  Southern  Frigid  Zone.  Re- 
turning to  Europe,  it  touched  at 
Rio  Janeiro  and  Lisbon,  and  ar« 
riying  at  Cronstadt  84th  of  July 
18S1,  ended  this  great  voyage, 
which  had  lasted  two  years  and 
twentynme  days,  during  which 
time  only  three  persons  out  of  two 
hundred  died. 

'  Refradion  of  Lighi  in  ike  Are^ 
Uc  Seus^^'^Tht  coast  that  has 
Just  been  described,"  says  captain 
Sooresby, ''  is  in  genend  so  bold  as 
to  be  duiinctly  visible,  in  the  or-« 
dinaij  state  of  the  atmosphere,  at 
the  distance  of  sixty  miles ; .  bu  t  on 
my  last  voyage  into  these  regions^ 
one  ^art  of  this  coast  was  seen, 
when  at  more  than  doulde  thid 
distance.  The  particulars  wcce 
these : — ^Towards  the  end  of  July 
1821,  being  among  the  ice  in  let 
74""  l(/,  and  longitude  by  lunar 
observation  andchronometer(whioh 
agreed  to  twenty-two  miirates  of 
longitude,  or  within  six  geottra* 
l^iical  miles),  12.  80. 15.  W.,  kmd 
wal  seen  fimn  the  mast-head  to 
the  ivestward,  oocasionaUy,  %t 
three  successive  days.  It  was  so 
distinct  and  bold,  that  ciqptain 
Manby,  who  aecommded  me  on 
that  toyaoe,  ttid  whose  ofasewa^ 
tions  are^allready  before  the  puUk, 


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294*    ANNVAL   REGISTBR,  1823. 


was  enabled^  at  oae  time,  to  take 
a  sketch  of  it  from  tlie  deck,  whilst 
1  took  a  similar  sketch  from  the 
mast-head,  which  is  pvesenred  in 
my  journal  of  that  grear.  The 
land  at  that  time  nearest  to  us  was 
WoQaston's  Foreland,  which,  by 
late  surveys,  proves  to  lie  in  lati- 
lude  74.  25.  j(the  middle  part  of 
it),  and  longitude  19*  50.;   the 

'  dij^banoe,  therefore,  must  have  been 
at  least  120  miks.  But  Holme's 
Foreland,  in  21.  W.  lon^,  distin- 
guished by  two  remarkable  hum- 
mocks  at  its  extremities,  was  also 
seen;  its  distance,  by  calculation, 
founded  on  astronomu^  observa- 
tions, being  140  geographical^  or 
l60  Engliui  miles.  In  an  ptdir 
nary  state  of  the  atmosphere  (sup- 
posing the  refraction  to  be  one- 
twelrai  of  the  distance),  any  land, 
to  have  been  visible  mm  a  ship's 
mast-hc^,  100  feet  high^  at  a 
distance  o£  140  miles,  must  have 
been  at  least  two  nautical  miles, 
or  12,000  feet  in  elevation ;  but, 
as  the  land  in  question  is  not  moie 
than  3,500  &et  in  altitude  (by 
estimation),  there  must  have  been 
an  extraonlinary  eflfect  of  refrac- 
tion equal  to  B,500  feet.  Now, 
the  angle  oorreqMmdjng  .with  an 
altitude  of  8,500  feet,  and  /t  dis- 
tance of  140  miles,  is  84''  47'  iAe 
value  of  die  extraordinary  x^ 
fraction,  at  the  time  the  land  was 
thus  seen;  or,  calculalang  in  the 
proportion  of  the  distance,  which 
is  the  most  usual  manner  of  esti- 
mating the  Infraction,  it  amounted 
to  one-fourth  of  the^uxh  of  dis- 
tance, instead  of  one-twelfUi,  the 
mean    quantity.    That  land  was 

•  seen  under  these  circumstai^oes 
there  cannot  be  a  doubt;  for  it 
Was  observed  to  be  in  the  vane 
position,  and  under  a  similar  form, 
on  the  18th,  23rd,  24th,  and  25th 
July,  1821,  when  the  ship  was  in 


W.,  and  on  the  28id  il^  vemaiDed 
visiUe  for  twentyofivnr  horns  to* 
gether,  and,  thoogh  often  diiiiging 
Its  ^peaxanoe,  by  the  vaiying  k^ 
fluesice  of  the  refrartion,  it  con- 
stantly pseserved  a  um^bnai^ 
of   position,    and 


l^xi^  of  c^Aiacter.  In  my  jouv 
nal  of  this  di^,  I  find  I  h»ve 
observed,  that  my  doubts 
the  reality  of  the  land  wero  ns 
entirely  removed,  since,  with 
telescope,  horn  tbe 
''hills,  dells,  patches  of 
masses  of  naked  ioek»  oould  be 
satisfactorily  traced  duiiDg  ibiiiy 
and-twenty  hottis  eoeeMsipaly. 
This  extraordinary  effeetefxc&ao« 
turn,  therefore,  I  oaiBCuifc  lo  ka 
folly  estaUidmd.'* 

Aurora  BoreaXm  «»  oAseroed  hm 
CapUdm^^ff^retbg^'^lt  omaaaeaam 
in  the  north,  and  extended  itaelf 
in  an  ardi  across  the  saiith,;tat 
wards  the  south*  A  sort  of  < 
was  then  formed  in  the 
which  was  most  briUiaatly  jDnmi- 
nated,  and  gave  out  insHmeraMs 
coruscations  of  great  beaut^,aBd 
with  astonishing  velooi^.  The 
liffht  appeared  to  be  equal  to  that 
of  the  full  moon;  and  varioas  oo* 
lours,  partirulariy  blue;,  green  mi 
pink,  were  statqd  by  my  officers  to 
have  been  clearly  observed.  Its 
extreme  distinctness,  and  the  bold- 
ness of  the  ooruscationB,  aeeoied  to 
bringittoaloWelevatian;  aod»  what 
the  rays  were  darted  towa^  Ike 
ship,  it  appeared  almost  to  deaoead 
to  the  very  mast-head.  Between 
the  paraUek  of  62^  or  63^and  7(f. 
the  ausora  borealis  is  of  a  very 
common  oecurrence,  in  the  sprang 
and  autumn  of  the  year.  •  ^*ti» 
3rd  of  April  1820,  I  observed  li^ 
most  mterestihg  display  ci  this 
meteor  that  nearly  forty  pss^yff 
to  and  from  the  fishery  had  aAidU 


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GBOGRAPUY,  ASTRONOMY,  &c.   ^M* 


A^    Tbe  evenag  was  fine  and 
t^aUp    the   wind  westerly.     The 
JumnB  first  appeared  in  the  north, 
and  gradually  extended  in  a  lumi« 
jKwa  ardi  aoroas  the  aenith>  ahoMMt 
to  the  southern  horison.    A  dim 
aheet  of  lig^t  then  suddenly  im- 
peaied^  and  q^read  over  the  whcue 
of  the  heavens  to  the  eastward  of 
the  magnetic  meridiian,  whik  only 
a  few  insulated  specks  were  visible 
to  the  westward.    The  eastern  au- 
rore  were  grey  and  obscure^  and 
eihihited,  little  motion ;   but  the 
aich  extending  across  ike  xenith^ 
ahowed  an  uncommon  playfulness 
<^   figure  and  variety  .<^   form. 
SomeliBies  it  exhibited  a  luminous 
edge  towards  the.  west,  in  scnoe 
places  ooncentrated  .into  a  fervid 
jbriUianqr.    The  rays  were  a  little 
oblique  to  the  position  of  the  arch; 
but  genenlly  pttallel  to  each  Cither, 
and  GomiiK>nly  ran  in  the  direo- 
tion  d  the  magnetic  north  and 
flouth.    At  one  tmie  they  extended 
sideways  against    the    wind;    at 
another  in  the  contrary  direction. 
Now  they  shot  forward  numerous 
luminous  pencils,  then  shrunk  into 
4^bscurity,  or  dispersed  into  the  ap- 
pearance of  mere   vapour.     The 
colours  were  yellowish-white  and 
greyish'White.    All  the  stars  of 
the  fourth  ma^iitude  were  visible 
through  the  meteor,  even  in  its 
most    vivid    coruscations.      Una 
Mqior  was  at  one  time  endrded 
with  such  a  characteristic  bli^sonry 
of  ligbty  that  the  Bear  seemed  to 
^»cing    into    figure,    and    to    be 
.shaking  his  shaggy  limbs,  as  if  in 
contempt  of  theless  distinguished 
0(mstelJations  around   him.    The 
PJei^bdes  were  almost  observed  by 
the  Uffht  produced  by  the.  aurora ; 
thou^  Venus,  and  idl  the  superior 
aiarsi,  shone  with  becoming  splen- 
dor.    I  have  never  been  sensible 
that  the  f^iooting  of  the  auro^  was 
accompanied  by  any  noise;    the 


turbulence^  indeed,  of  the  wat«tr 
at  sea,  or  noise  of  the  sails  dui;ing 
calms,  prevent  the  light  sounds 
from  being  heard. 

Earthquake  in  Chile, — ^Agovem- 
ment  Gazette  of  Chile,  piudished 
at  Santiago  on  the  27th  of  Novem- 
ber, contains  an  account  of  thi^ 
dr^dful  calamity. 

A  despatch  <^  the  supreme  di- 
rector, who  happened  to  be  at  Valr 
paraiso  at  the  time  of  the  earth- 
quake, is  dated  at  10  at  ni^t  on 
the  20th  of  November,  and  is  ad^ 
dressed  to  the  ministers,  of  whom 
he  asks  a  report  rejecting  the 
state  of  the  capital  He  says,  thai, 
on  the  jp^eceding  night,  at  15 
minutes  before  11  o'clock,  Valpa- 
raiso had  received  so  severe  a  shock, 
that  in  two  or  three  minutcss  all 
the  buildings  were  either  consider- 
ably  damaged  or  thrown  down.; 
the  sea  receded  and  fell  more  than 
12  feet;  the  movement  of  the 
earth,  although  weak,  did  nqt 
cease  for  an  instant  till  half-past 
four  in  the  momingi  after  which 
shocks  more  or  less  strong  wei;e 
felt  every  five  or  seven  minutes. 
The  inhabitants  had  retired  to  the 
heights,  where  they  had  encamped 
on  the  20th.  Fifteen  or  twenty 
individuals,  bein£  mostly  soldiers, 
women,  and  children,  were  known 
to  have  perished  in  the  ruins;  it 
was,  however,  dlfiicult,  on  account 
of  the  confusion,  to  ascertain  the 
number  of  the  victims,  which,  it 
was  feared  would  be  found  to  be 
much  larger.  No  public  officer 
norperson  of  note  had  perished. 

The  reply  of  the  ministers  is 
dated  Santiago,  22nd  November; 
and  states,  that  the  capital  had  not 
experienced  the  same  terrible  catas- 
trophe which  had  ruined  Valpa- 
raiso. 

On  the  19th  November,  at  ten 
minutes  before  eleven  o'clock  at 
night,  a  low  heat  and  an  extreme 


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ANNUAL  tlEGlSTfiR,    1823. 


fKrnBudj  obeerred  for  titwo  or  variou*  own  msuiluwiUtom'Wtm. 

fom  hourly  a  borriUe  noise  an-  Men  towarcbtht  CofiiilflEm.  ^AtJIii 

nouncedy  and  by  a  few  seconds  pro-  g4ltt^  duiewwaagdieriliMtl  iiiiiii, 

«ed^  an  ear^uake  such  as  had  ppeoeded   by    eoDiMBnUe   aiiwL 

aotbecnexperi^icedinChHeshiok  -Sheeks  sucoeaded  eadi  otiitrT»pifti» 

1750:  its  explosion  showed  itodf  ^ygoAincieafledtheoogtttrtMtMin 

by  two  Strang  shacks,  which  lasted  e^pecdally  amongst  worncb;  nwai 

two  minutes  and  a  half  or  three  families  have  abandoned  the  atf 

nimites;  the  ktter,  stronger  than  and  yedbred  to  the  neighbouiiiig 

the  Bnt,  was  only  oi  about  twenty  country  houses ;  tiie  hiwisi  dnssss 

aeconds.    It  was  at  first  thought  are  encamped  in  the  piddaea^ifln^ 

that  the  whole  city  was  destit^ed:  the  ^l^s,  and  aqueducts, 

the  consternation  was  general,  but  On  the  £lst,  at  4h.  25m*  in  the 

fortunately  no  lives  were  lost,  and  mominff,  and  at  lib.  5ak,  other 

only  a  few  persons  wei^  hurt  by  sl%ht  uiodcs  were  Uu     8e¥euk 

fidHng  fraffments  or  tiles^    The  iuailies  came  to  town  to  spend  tfca 

aetien  of  u»  earthquake  was  of  d^  ia  thek  bouses^  with  an  intoi- 

tjie  tremWng  description,  uid  its  tton  to  return  to  tha  ooiaitcy  and 

direetionfrom  N.E*  to  S.W.    Some  to  sleep  thaie. 

walls  of  the  churches  of  La  Mer-  The  moan  was  full  at^  (Sb.  SOm 

ted,  San  Augustin,  San  Francisco^  p«  m. 

&c,  have  fauen  down ;  the  Mint^  This  day,  at  4lu  30m.  m  Ab 

the  intericMT  of  the  CaUiedral,  the  m^bdiw,  and  Qb.  12m.  and  ^ 

directorial  Palace,  thesteeples  of  Ae  aSm.-  uiiee  amait  shoeks^    tbey 

Treasury,  and  of  the  prison,  are  continue  to  this  l»ttr,sev«no'dddk 

riao  dunaged,  and  in  some  places  in  the  afternoon;  bat  sottie  of  ^oii 

tiuitaten  to  cone  down.    The  walls  almost  iapereeptyili6» 

of  houses  which  were   not  very  Scheme  Jbr  undmr  Dnpafleku 

s(^  are  much  damaged.      The  to  the  Etut  Indi»^  a  Siemm^ 

earth  was  almost   constantly    in  Packet. — ^The  Royai  Geom^  m 

motion,  though  slight    and  only  John  M.  Doyle,^-ran  fimm  \^p>  ts 

perceptible  hy  the  pendulum;  but  Pl3miouthin  84  hours,  baing  bbs 

at  times  there   were  smart  and  and  a  half  degmses,  570  gec^pr^pins 

dtarpahocks.  or  sea  miles;  and  from  Ptymoadl 

0^  the  SOth,  at  Sh.  8m.  in  the  la  Pbrtsmouth  in  flObouxv,  bsisg 

morning,  there  was  a  sli^t  shock,  185  miles ;  the  f^nrmer  was  at  the 

without  any  senstUe  noise :  at  8lu  rate  of  Ax  miles  six  fuxlongi  and 

4^m.,  a  meteor  ran  in  the  same  a  quarter,  the  latter  nearly  at  liia 

direction  as  tht  earthquake,  frcmi  same  rate^    The^  foUowing  cake* 

N.E.  to  S. W.,  in  die  form  of  a  ktion^  in  smoother  seas  is  at  e^^t 

l»rge  train  of  fire,  which  for  about  miles,  tfnd  on  hmd  at  the  rate  a£ 

four  seconds  produced   a  sort  of  five  miles  an  hour  s— > 
From  London  to  Marseilles,  or  Toulon,  in  France  640    4  12    l^  bod. 
From  thecoastof  France  to  Malta.*****^*-*    600    8    8    bysea. 
From  Malta  to  Alexandria  in  ]£gyj>t  «••••«•>«     480    9  12    by  aes. 
From  Alexandria,  by  Cairo,  to  Suez  ••••^^ 4^     12Q    1     O^    byJ 
From  Sues  to  Mocha,  in  the  AraUan  Gulf;.  «^.  1020    7    Oi  ^  ^ 

From  Mocha  to  Bombay  • •••••  1500    7  I9t^i 

42(50  24    € 

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CHEMISTRY. 


Mf* 


If  <^  left^  ttfd  Mnmd  ike  midiehi  eoMt  of  A&iia^  ii  #m 
neaify  deten  geogtflpliied  iniles  an  hoor  :-^   .' 

Fiom  Plynoaili  to  Lisbon «..^ ^••«..     7M    6    4    ^1f 

Fmo  Ii^)o&  10  lit  Ciipe  Vesd  Islanas <iii..   1430    S  12    %^f 

Prom  Cape  de  Vefd  Ifllflndft  to  Se.  Hekma 21^11^17    4t^f 

Fiom  St  Helena  to  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope    . .  ••  laoo  10  17    1-7 

Prom  the  Cape  of  Gdod  Hope  to  Johanna    SfOO  IS  Id 

Prom  JcAanna  to  Bombay 18601017    1-7 

10,010  61  ~ 


CHEMISTRY. 


A  ntw  FhUd,  mtk  remarkabk 
Pkysieed  Properties,  diitkwered  iM 
the  CaviHesrf  MinerOU* — ^A  new 
fittid,  of  a  yerf  singular  nature,  has 
been  recently  discovered  by  Dr. 
Brewster,  in  the  cavities  of  mine- 
rals. It  postesses  the  remarlflaUe 
property  of  expaending  about  tMrty 
times  more  than  water;  and^  l^ 
tile  heat  of  the  hand,  or  between  75^ 
and  %^,  it  always  expa^A  so  as  to 
Iffl  die  caritir  whkh  oontain»  it. 
The  vacnity,  which  is  thus  MLed 
tip,  is,  of  course,  a  perfect  vacuum; 
and  ftt  a  tempisniture  below  that 
now  mei^tionM,  the  new  Huid  oo^ 
tracts,  and  tiie  vacuity  re-appeans; 
frs^ently  with  a  rtipid  efferteai 
eienc^.  The^phenoibenatakejAaee 
instantaneously,  m  severu  hundMn 
cavftie^  at  ihe  same  ti^ie.  The 
new  fluid  is  also  remarMble  for  its 
extnelne  Vohib3ity ;  adhering  wry 
sH^htly  to  the  sides  of  the  cavities ; 
and  is  likewise  distingui^edhy  kfe 
optical  prop^rtM.'  It  ttMts,  how- 
ever,  in  quantities  tbo  small  to^  be 
susceptible  of  chemical  BxAdysis. 
TMs  new  fluid  is  almoM;  always 
accomptaied  with  another  fluid  like 
water,  with  which  it  refii^io mis, 
and  which  docs  not  perceptibly  cx- 
papd  at  the-sbove^mentioned  tem- 


perature. In  a  ^ecbnen  of  Cyrao^ 
phane,  or  ChrysiWyl,  Dr.  fi^w- 
Iter  has  discovered  asfcratum  of  dveae 
CKvities  in  wloch  he  has  reckoned; 
in  tl^  space  of  l-7tb  of  an  indi 
square,  thirty  ^ousond  eavifier, 
eadb  eonnaining  this  new  fluid/  4 
portion  of  the  fluid  Kke  water,  and 
a  vacuity  besides.  All  tibese  va^ 
cnities  steittltaneously  diMpearat 
«  temperature  <rf  »S*.  It  such  a 
fluid  could  be  detained  i«  ^outi^ 
tfies^  its  utili^  in  the  ounstructloA 
of  thermometers  and  ievds  wtoidl 
be  incalculal^  There  aretnany 
cavitietin  crystals^  sudi  as  thoaa 
opined  by  rir  Humploey  Davy^ 
which  contain  only  water,  an! 
wUch,  of  course,  never  eidotiit 
any  of  the  properttas  above  da^ 
scribed. 

Method  qfjbmmg  Tk^eeHiOtJa 
arHjkiaIfy  rtmnd  the  Smhor  ang 
hmium  obfect^^ThB  fblloWing 
eicperiment,  whidi  iUustratesbift 
jfleeu^ing  manner  the  aetaal  fom 
mation  of  Haloes,  ha^  bam  given 
fcy  Dr.  Bwewster  f^Taipe  a  sato^ 
i«ted  aoltttion  <^  alumvandhaving 
Spread  a  &w  drops  of  it  o'wr  a 
iSateof  ^lass,  it  wdl  tafidly  aryi^ 
t^^e  in  nnall  flat  octohedhms; 
scarcely  visible  tb  the  eye.    When 


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298^    ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1823. 


Mb  jdate  u  hdd  between  tiie  ob- 
server aod  the  sun,  or  a  csodle^ 
with  the  eye  very  dose  to  the 
taiooth  side  of  the  glass  plate,  thece 
will  be  seen  tlxree  beautiAil  haloes 
of  light,  at  different  distances  fisom 
die  luminous  body.  The  innermost 
halo,  which  is  the  whit^t,  isformed 
by  the  images  refracted  by  a  pair 
of  faces  of  the  octohedral  crystals, 
not  much  inclined  to  each  other ; 
the  second  halo,  which  is  more 
.  coloured,  wi^  tiie  Uue  rays  out- 
wards, is  formed  by  a  pair  of  faces 
more  indined ;  and  tl^  third  halo, 
which  is  very  large  and  highly 
coloured,  is  formed  by  a  still  moie 
inclined  pair  of  fitoes. 

Each  separate  crystal  forms  three 
images  of  the  luminous  body, 
placed  at  points  12(y  distant  from 
each  other,  in  all  the  tiiree  haloes; 
and  as  the  numerous  small  crystals 
have  dieir  refracting  jGeu»s  turned 
in  every  possible  direction,  the 
whole  drcnmference  of  the  haloes 
will  be  completely  filled  up. 

Hie  same  eflfects  may  be  ob- 
tained with  other  crystals;  fmd 
when  th^  have  the  property  of 
douUe  refraction,  each  halo  wUl  be 
eiiher  doubled,  when  the  double 
lefinaction  is  considerable,  or  ren- 
dered broader,  and  otherwise  modi- 
fied in  point  of  colour,  when  the 
double  r^raotion  is  smalL  The 
^feotsmay  be  varied,  by  crystal- 
lising upon  the  same  plate  of  glass, 
crystals  of  a  decided  colour,  by 
which  means  we  should  have  white 
imd  coloured  haloes  suceeeding 
eadi  other.— £(&*ii.  PhiL  Jour. 

Variaiitm  in  the  Bulbsqf  Ther- 
momders^^^ln  mercurial  themu>- 
meters,  widi  a  perfect  vacuiun 
above  the  mercury,  M.  Flauguer- 
gues  has  observed,  that  the  freezing 
point  has  gradually  risen  nine- 
tmths  of  a  degree,  and  has  gone 
on  increasing  for  yevB.    Heattri^ 


to  a 
of  ISnrm,  produoed  by  dK  < 
pressure  ik  the  atmosphere  on  the 
bulb.  He  diecefoce  reoommeadi^ 
that  thermometen  sluyald  be  made 
with opai  terminations.  Thenae 
&ct  haid  been  long  before  obserfei 
by  M.  Angeb  Bdkni,  of  Mikm, 
who  mentions  a  very  pret^  experi- 
ment, for  shewinff  that  it  aziaes 
ham  the  glass.  l^Jce  a  merearial 
thermometer,  which  has  not  been 
exposed  for  some  montfas  to  t 
ratures  near  that  of  bailing  j 
whose  scide  rises  to  the  hoiiiag 
point  or  higher,  and  whose  degrees 
are  at  least  a  line  long,  so  that 
tenths  of  a  degree  coin  be  easily 
seen.  Having  carefulfy  maricsd 
the  freezing  point,  plunge  it  in 
boiling  water,  and,  i^on  vepbdig 
it  in  melting  ice,  it  wiU  be  fopnC 
that  t)ie  Peering  point  has  mmL/^ 
of  a  degree,  in  conaequeooe  of  die 
expand^  ^jassnot  hsrving  remael 
aocuralely  Its  original  form.  Hcnoe 
it  follows,  that  Uie  new  ' 
of  the  rev.  Mr.  Wollastoa 
be  liaUe  to  error  from  this  < 
BibL  Umvers*  « 

New  Farm  cftke  VcUaic  Appm^ 
rah».— -Mr.  Pepys  has  eonatraetoiL 
at  the  L<mdon  InstUutian,  a  8ib|^ 
ooil  of  coppwand  sine  plate,  ooft- 
sisting  of  two  sheets  c^  the  metals 
each  fifty  feet  long,  by  two  feet 
broad,  having  therefoce  a  uahas 
of  200  square  feet;  they  are  wouad 
round  a  woden  centre,  and  fcifC 
apart  by  ^uBces  of  hair-line,  inftea- 
posed  at  iirtervals  between  ^ 
plates.  This  vcdtaic  coil  b  sas- 
pended  by  a  rope  and  countecpaiae 
over  a  tub  of  dilute  add,  into 
which  it  is  plmifled  when  nsed. 
It  ^ves  not  ^e  subtest  deetnosl 
indieatio^s  to  the  electruiin»T; 
indeed,  its  dectridi^  is  of  snch 
low  intensity,  that  weH-faoiDt 
diarcoalaotsasan  inaulatortoxt; 


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CHEMISTRY. 


MO* 


iior  doei  tfe  cpMwliitj  of  dattrin^ 
amar  oopaderable^  for  it  with 
dmculty  ignites  one  inch  of  phi* 
tinum  wire  of  -yVuich  diameter. 
When«  however,  the  ^poles  axe  con* 
nested  by  a  copper  wire  jt  inch  di*- 
luneter  and  S  inches  hnogy  it  becomet 
hoty  and  is  reodered  most  power- 
fully magi^etic^  and  the  initrament 
isamirukly  adaptedfor  all  electro- 
aftumetic  m^eriments* 

Expa$%sw€  force  of  Coal  Gaae^ 
The  whole  mechanical  power  kA 
an  explosion  of  15,000  cuUc  feet 
of  a  mixture  of  coal  gas,  and  com^ 
losm  air,  is  equal  to  that  of  ihe 
esmlosion  of  6  cubic  feet,  or  4  bar^ 
rels  of  gunpowder ;  and  if  we  sup> 
pose  the  healed  jjases  in  both  caaea 
to  escape,  and  mix  with  the  com- 
mon aur  in  a  bfuilding  containing 
30,000  ci^  feet,  so  as  to  pfoduce 
an  efiiect  commensurate  0  the  ten»- 
perature  fA  the  wh(de  nui^ture» 
the  explosion  of  about  15  cubic 
feet,  or  10  baxrds  <xf  gunpowder, 
woiild  be  required,  in  order  to 
produce,  like  the  gas,  a  force  of 
about  10  atmospheres  for  the  whde 
qpace.  It  must,  however,  be  recol- 
lected, that  gunpowder,  thus  dis- 
posed, is  very  im&vourably  situ- 
ated  for. producing  violent  efibcts; 
and  that  a  much  smaller  quanti^, 
in  ordinary  cases,  would  be  moce 
formidable  than  the  eiqplosion  of 
the  coal  jra&-<-A  more  precise  idea 
of  the  enects  of  such  an  exj^osion 
may  be  obtained  from  the  cakula- 
isuaa  of  its  prcjecdle  effects,  which 
would  carry  scmie  parts  of  the  Wall 
of  the  surrounding  building  to  a 
height  of  nearly  150  3rards,  and 
others  to  a  distance  of  nearly  300. 
If  the  walls  were  in  inimediate 
icontapt  with  the  gasometer,  the 
heijght  and  distance  would  be  about 
|;wice  asgreat  Bui  a  roof  of  car- 
pentry and  tiles  being  licbtet:, 
ivoold  he  Gained  higher,  whOethe 


bteral  forcetif  the  eiplsMi  would 
be  diminished^— Siq^K^nng  the  exif 
plosion  of  the  gas  to  be  unoonfined^ 
the  shock  vvimld  throw  down  a 
brick  wall,  9  foBt  hig^,  and  IS 
inches  thick,  at  the  distance  of 
about  50  feet  from  the  centre; 
it  would  probably  break  gbss  wiiw 
dows  at  150  yards,  aad  at  300, 
would  produce  an  effibct  similar  to 
the  instantaneous  impulse  of  a 
very  high  wind« 

MM|«€<t#m&y  PerctMffiofiy---Mr.  . 
SooreAy  has  instituted  a  series  of 
experiments,  to  determine  magnet- 
ism by  percussion  with  more  pre- 
dsion;  and  some  of  his  results 
d^erve  attention.  When  a  bar  of 
soft-steely  six  inches  and  a  half 
long,  and  a  quarter  of  an  inch 
diameter,  held  vertically,  and  rest- 
ing upon  freestone,  was  struck  17 
hiaws  with  a  hammer,  it  acquired 
the  ^wer  of  lifting  6^  grains?  2i 
Uows  did  not  augment  the  fovce. 
When  the  bar  rested  vertically  up* 
on  a  padour  poker  (previously  di&- 
prived  (^  magnetitmiY  42  blows 
gave  it  the  power  of  lifting,  88 
ffrains,  and  90  bbw^  with  alai]^ 
hammer,  augmented  the  liftmg 
power  to  130  grains.  The  poker 
was  also  rendered  magnetic  Far- 
ther hammerii^  rather  diminished 
than  increased  the  power.  On 
inverting  the  bar,  a  single  blow 
nearly  cbstroyed  the  mpgnfftism; 
two  blows  changed  t&  poles.' 
Hammering  the  mur  in  the  plane 
of  the  magnetic  equator,  also  -de- 
stroyed the  pokrity.  Themagnet- 
ism  by  percussion  was  augmented 
wh^  the  length  of  the  bus  was 
increased. 

On  the  Effeds  ofMagndism  on 
Chrtnometers,  by  P.  JL^MMfiO,  Eeq. 
^l  find,  savs  he,  that  the  siO^ject 
of  the  iron  m  ships  affecting  <£rQ- 
nometen  has  employed  Mr.  Bav- 
low's  attentiop  as  well  as  my  owi^ 


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ANNUAL-REGISTER^  1823. 


iMii  thflt  he  mtnbutet  it  lo  the 
isme  cetitB  that  Ido^  vicepcntioii 
of  fixed  megnetiBDi  in  th&steelof 
tiie  Wenee  or  its  SDrmg.  Formf 
(arty  I  think  it  wul  not  be  feiiod 
pesflilde  to  aieertain  any  ghiMiile 
for  ckmneiiletm  winch  shaU  ooiu 
lect  the  CRors  ariidng  from  ihii 
eauie,  from  the  direction  and 
itrength  of  the  attracticRi  of  the 
von  ina  ship  undergoing  such  oon^ 
aderable  chances  as  it  aoes  in  dif- 
flsiettt  dipt.  I  always  considered 
theremedy  to  lie  alone  in  the  hands 
•f  the  maker,  who  should  care^illy 
aaoertain  that  no  steel  whatever 
in  a  chronometer  possesses  any  fixed 
imignetio  qudity;  and  I  pointed 
this  out  to  a  chronometer-maker 
IB  London  in  November  18S0, 
■hewing  him>  amongst  a  number 
df  balances,  Uiose  which  had  any 
portkm  of  fixed  magnetism,  and 
those  which  had  not,  &c ;  ^at  it 
ii  reqniate,  that)  in  this  respect, 
not  only  the  balance  and  its  spring 
should  be  attended  to,  but  that  aS 
die  steel  in  the  instrument  should 
be  deprived  of  this  quality,  par* 
ticularly  the  steel-spindles  of  the 
fbseei,  bonel*  ice  for  it  is  to  mae- 
nedc  attractioa,  residing  whdly  m 
tile  maohine,  that  I  attribute  the 
alteration  which  takes  place  in  the 
fates  of  chronometers  on  shore  in 
diftrent  parts  of  the  world,  ml 
whieh  k  often  very  oonsidaBble. 
Thesk  attractions  may  act  in  seve- 
m1  ways*  tf  there  is  fixed  maff« 
netism  in  the  balance,  andfvaiiablB 
magnetism  in  ^e  qondles  <^  the 
wheels,  tiie  rate  may  be  altered  by 
any  eonsiderable  alteration  in  the 
dip,  as  the  direction  and  strength 
of  the  variable  nu^inetism  will 
Aereby  be(»me  changed ;  the  same 
efl^  may  be  produced  if  the  fixed 
nu^etiBm  is  in  thespindks  oi  the 
wheels^  &c*  and  the  variable  mag- 
llietinn  in  the  eleel  of  the  balance. 


The  babnoe-ipriog  will  EhMiht 
be  acted  on  under  similar  circoai- 
atanoes ;  I  should  therefoR  thn^ 
it  abs(dutely  necessary, ^at  all  the 
steel  in  the  marine  diould  be  di- 
vested of  the  fixed  magnetic  qa»* 
Iky;  the  varialde  ones  willfaave 
no  effiact  on  each  other :  tUs  eaa 
ahrs^  be  done  by  Uie  aebon  of 
fire^  and  if  the  mechanic,  in  the 
pooess  of  hardening  and  teo^os 
ing  the  sted,  always  carefoUy  ceok 
it  in  a  direction  at  riffht  angles 
with  the  dif^Eiing-needle,  it  will 
rately  be  fimnd  to  peneas  an^  par* 
tion  of  fixed  macnetiflaii  as»  onte 
contrary,  it  wiU  be  found,  <hal 
small  steel  bodies,  if  healed  red- 
hot,  and  cocded  in  the  direction  of 
the  di^^ng-needle,  vrfll  often  ie> 
quire  this  quality. 

I  am  of  opinion,  that  tUa  fisei 
magnetism,  if  caiefiilly  nrelndei 
fipom  the  machine  at  fint,  wiU  aot 
be  found  to  return  firosn  the  eon* 
tinned  motion  of  its  parte. 

A  very  necessaiy  precautioB  widi 
reqwct  to  the  use  of  theae  ilia 
ments,  is  always  to  hang  them  vf 
on  board  ship  at  a  ooiuDdenfaledie- 
tanoe  finom  die  compasses.  I  hate 
known  an  excellent  diroaoaseter 
rendered  useless  for  the  time,  fey 
being  k^  within  two  fieet  of  tie 
cabin  eompaas,  and  which,  whoi 
removed  to  a  difoeat  put  of  the 
cafaini  performed  remanahly  wA 

Netp  ChemcidCamhmwIwm.  M. 
Doberetner,  ptofcssor  of  riMwisti'j 
in  the  Universi^  of  Jena,  by  a 
aeriea  ((^entirely  new  esperinKattk 
has  ascertained  that  pktina,  ihs 
heaviest  of  all  ekrmmtaty  aai^ 
stances,  when  reduced  into  vci} 
fine  putides,  produces  by  sinpb 
contact  with  hydrogen  gaa,  (thi 
lightest  of  eleoieatarysidiftaM^ 
an  electrical  or  dynamic 
tion,  which,  if  brou^t  into  < 
with  hydrogen,  gas  or  witb^ 


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CHEMISTRY. 


^V 


|>lMife  air,  instandj^MoIves  kielf 
yiel^ng  fixe  itnd  water.  To  prof« 
ibis  impOTtant  fact  hy  a  InruHairt 
elqperiment,  M.  Doberemer  raakei 
hydroffeti  pass  from  a  reservoir,  by 
a  cajAikory  tube,  carved  below, 
tipon  pure  pktiiia  in  powder, 
which  is  contained  in  a  dass  tun- 
nd,  hermetically  sealed  at  tbt 
point,  so  that  the  gas  ming^  with 
^e  atmoq)heric  air  before  k 
touches  the  ^tkia.  The  moment 
that  the  current  of  gas  readies  the 
surface  of  the  pktina,  die  powet 
of  that  metal  becomes  red  and 
burning,  and  this  phenomenon  con- 
tinues as  long  as  the  stream  of 
gas  is  directed  upon  it. 
'  Newcompmrndofl^dme.  loJUk 
9f  Carbon  r — ^Messrs.  Ferrari  and 
Frisiani,  whilst  preparing  ^e  iod* 
ate  and  hydriodate  of  potassa,  ob* 
served  the  production  of  a  new 
^imnpound  cJT  iodine.  It  may  be 
obtained  thus : — Heat  an  ounce  of 
iodine,  with  a  Httle  water,  on  a 
9and  bath,  and  add  to  it,  by  di^rees, 
about  two  ounces  of  potarii;  when 
the  two  salts  above  mentioned  will 
he  formed.  In  ord^  to  saturate 
the  excess  of  alkali,  pour  in,  by 
degrees,  a  tincture  composed  of 
one  ounce  of  iodine  to  six  ounces 
of  alcohol,  specific  gravity  657. 
When  the  re-action  ofthe  tincture 
on  the  potash  is  fini^ed,  pour  the 
hot  liquor  on  a  filter,  and  the  li- 
quid which  passes  through  wiU, 
as  it  cools,  dqwBit  3rellow  crystals, 
•f  the  substance ;  thev  should  be 
carefolly  washed  in  cold  water,  to 
nmove  all  the  iodate  and  hydii- 
odate  of  potadi.  Another  method 
H  to  take  thealoohoHc  nlutionof 
die  two  sails,  prepared  as  aibove, 
imd  distil  it:  and  when  theftnd 
'idddl  comes  over  ceases  to  be  c5o 
feuvd,  to dumgetiie receiver;  Uie 
«do«lfless  IqiKir  then  6btidn^ 
mptm  tooHiBgf  deposits  ^F«ry  pox^ 


4Siy8tals,  of  wo*  Mihslatee^iB  qHM)» 
laon.  If  thedistOktianbeSttipnidk 
ed  fiom  time  to  time,  and  the  retoft 
flowed  to  cool,  beaut^d  <»ystdii 
of  the  sobstanoe  form  in  it.  'If 
strong  alcohol  be  used  ha  the  abfn^ 
operations,  and  but  litde  walerj 
^en,  upon  adding  wii^  to  the 
miered  liquor,  the  sobttaace  1^ 
prec^ttaieam  abimdakiee.  This 
aubstaaceid  sdid,  of  a  lemoil  yet- 
Ibw  eohmr,  tasleslike  nitric  etbei^ 
and  has  an  odoutlxke  liiat  oCsafr 
ROD.  Its  fonii  IS  a  cotapnsMd 
hexahedron  (asaedro  sshitoaalo)* 
It  is  insdnUe  hi  water,  d^^ifiai^ 
«nr  acids>  but  scdtdde  in  akdliol  aai 
etiier.  It  foses  and  liuhlimes  by  • 
gende  heat,  but  at  a  higher  teliir 
perature  bebomes  diseobarBd,  is  dih> 
composed,  and  Evolve!  vapoors  ef 
iodine,  leaving  behind  a  mere  trae^ 
of  carbon.-*-->GM>riM^  (If  JFYiJoa.  ? 
Vegdatum  in  Ahnatpkeres  ff 
diffmmi  DoMi^^— The  foOoW^ 
xng  experiments  have  beeii  made 
by  professor  Ddbereiner  of  Jem. 
Two  ^ass  vessels  wece  pvocmnt, 
eadi  of  the  cqndty  of  9M  eubfe 
inches,  two  portions  of  barley  vrere 
sown  in  portions  of  the  same  earA, 
and  moistened  lir  the  same  degree, 
and  then  placed  one  in  eadi  vMeL 
The  air  was  now  exhausted  in  one, 
till  reduced  to  the  pressure  of  14 
inches  of  mercury,  and  condensed 
in  the  otiier,  until  the  prenure 
equalled  56  inches.  Genvinf^ticat 
took  place  in  both  nearly  a^  the 
same  time,  and  the  leaflets  appeal- 
ed of  the  «mie  green  ti^  j  mit  ^ 
the  end  of  15  days  the  followini^ 
differences  existed^  The  shoots  &i 
tb6  rarefied  air  were  six  in^l^m 
lodgth,  and  ^rpm  nine  tot^  ip^Atp 
in  Ihe  oonclensed  m^  f]^  ^ 
weve  expfltidfld  and  soft ;  the  lop^ 
mlled  Yound  the  stw  tui4  f^ 
The  fim  wwe  wet  OB  iM^inpiAM 


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tlOX'    ANNUAL   REGISTER,    1883. 


tKnaitiM;  tlie  last  were  nearly  dry. 
^  I  am  di^ioaed,''  saya  M.  Doberem- 
er,  **  to  belieye>  that  the  diniaution 
in  the  sixe  of  plants,  as  they  rise 
into  higher  re^ons  on  mountains 
di^pends  more  on  the  diminution  of 
pressure  than  of  heat." 

Sugar  fir  prefer  vine  Fitk"^ 
Dr.  MCulloch,  of  Edinhur^,  has 
ascertained  that  the  antiseptic  qua- 
lity of  sugar  is  sufficient  to  preserve 
fish  in  the  most  excellent  oondi* 
tion.  He  states,  that  this  substance 
is  so  active,  that  fish  may  be  pre- 
^le^ved  in  a  dry  state,  and  perfectly 
ftesh,  by.  means  of  sugar  alone,  ana 
even  with  a  very  small  quantity 
of.it.  He  has  thus  kept  salnum, 
whitings,  and  cod,  for  an  indefinite 
length  of  time ;  and  by  this  sim*- 
ple  means  firedi  fish  may  be  kept 
m  that  state  some  days,  so  as  to  be 
as  good  when  boiled  as  when  just 
caught.  It  is  added,  that  ''if 
dried  and  kept  free  fixmi  mouldi- 
ness,  there  seems  no  limit  to  their 
peservation;  and  they  are  much 
better  in  this  way  than  when  salted. 
The  sugar  gives  no  disagreeable 


taste.  This  proceaB'k  f)articfilarf)F 
valuable  in  making  what  is  caDoi 
kippered  salmon :  andthefishpte* 
Served  in  this  manner  axe  fiff  su-» 
perior  in  quality  and  fiavour  ta 
those  which  axe  salted  or  smoWl* 
If  desired,  as  mudi  salt  may  be 
used  as  to  give  the  taste  that  mtf 
be  required;  but  tins  snbstaiMe 
does  not  conduce  to  their  puLseifa 
tbn.  In  the  preparation,  it  is 
hardy  necessary  to  open  the  fish 
and  to  apply  the  sugar  to  the  mna- 
oular  part,  placing  it  in  an  horisoi- 
tal  position  £dr  two  or  three  days, 
that  this  substance' may  penetrale. 
After  this  it  may:  be  dxied ;  and  it 
is  only  ftathet  nKcaaary  t&wipe 
and  ventilate  it  occasinndly,  to 
prevent  mouldinels.  A  table 
spoonful  of  brown  sugar  is  suffici- 
ent in  this  manner  for  a  aahoon  of 
five  or  six  pounds  weight ;  and  if 
salt  is. desired,  a  tea-spoonful  or 
more  may  be  added;  saltpetre  maj 
boused  instead,  in..the  same  pro- 
portion, if  it  is  desiied>  to  md» 
the  kipper  hard." 


AGRICULTURE  AND   BOTANY. 


On  the  destruction  tf  Caterpillars 
m  fruit  trees. — In  May  last  I  (Mr. 
Sweet,  Bristol,)  found  the  goose- 
berry caterpillar  had  be^n  its 
usual  ravages  on  the  leaves  of  a 
quarter  of  eooseberries  in  my  nur- 
sery near  mistoL  In  the  last  and 
former  season,  among  many  other 
applications  which  had  been  tried, 
in  vain,  lime  had  been  used,  butin 
a  dry  state.  I  resolved  this  year 
to  try  the  eiSsct  of  it  in  a  difierent 
way :  a  bushel  of  stone  lime  was 
tbex^nre  dacked,  and  covered  up 


for  a  few  hours,  to  make  it 
soft  and  fine;  it  was  then  sifted 
through  a  mason's  sieve  of  tfas 
finest  kind,  which  made  it  ahnost 
an  impalpable  powder.  A  man 
with  a  light  garden-engbie  was 
then  directed  to  play  water  in  ^ 
ferent  directions  among  the  leaver 
so  that  every  part  of  the  jilan^ 
was  wet ;  another  man  feSowed 
closely  vrith  a  ooal-box  iUl  of  the 
fine  lune-powder,  scattering  it  with 
his  hand,  so  as  to  cause  it  toOTipsar 
like  smok^  and  to  spmi  itadf  tm 


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AGRICULTURE  AND  BOTANY,    308* 


Uie  binder  as  w«ll  as  the  upper 
part  of  the  leaves,  so  that  not  a 
single  kaf  was  left  untouched  hjr 
it.  In  the  course  of  die  day  I 
noticed,  that,  though  some  of  the 
insects  were  still  afive,  they  were 
much  injured,  and  on  the  following 
day  I  could  find  none  alive ;  some 
stragglers  came  on  some  time  af ter- 
waids,  hut  they  were  soi  few,  that 
I  did  not  think  it  wortn  while  to 
apply  the  lime  a  second^time.  After 
the  application  the  trees  recovered 
their  natural  colour,  and  grew 
-with  their  usual  vigour, 

A  day  should  he  chosen  for  the 
operation  when  little  wind  is 
**irri»g>  hut  particularly  when 
there  is  no  ram :  I  think  the  ab- 
sence of  sun,  or  a  cloudy  day,  rare- 
ferahle  for  the  operation.  The 
earlier  ihe  remedy  is  applied  after 
the  insect  is  discoveied,  the  better ; 
and  if  it  should  be  necessary  to 
use  it  a  second  time,  it  must  be 
done  befbre  the  fhrit  ehanges  co- 
lour, lest  it  be  disfigored  by  the 
application  of  the  Hme.  The  lime 
need  not  to  be  thrown  on  thick, 
but  should  be  well  divided  with 
the  hand  in  castmg  it,  so  that  every 
part  of  each  leaf  be  touched.  In 
small  gardens,  where  no  engine  is 
kept,  a  watering-pot  or  syringe 
may  be  used,  so  as  to  wet  every 
part  of  the  tree.  Encouraged  by 
my  sacoess  on  the  gooseberry  bushes, 
I  tried  the  lime  against  the  black 
l«ech-like  insect,  or  maggot,* 
which  is  so  destructive  to  thorns, 
pear,  and  cherry-trees ; '  and  found 
that  wherever  the  lime  touched 
the  animals,  if  they  were  wet  it 
^stfoyed  them.  It  being  difficult 
water  high  standard  tree^  I  took 
<he  opportunity  vcrv  early  in  the 
morning  before  liie  dew  was  eva- 

•It  ii  the  Iftrva  of  a  dipterous  hiscct, 


^Kirated,toap|^ythepowder;  dack-> 
tng  the  lime  over-m^t  to  have  it 
ready.  The  powder  was  tried  aft»r 
a  ^ower  of  rain,  but  rain  follow- 
ing, the  operation  did  not  answer: 
wh^e,  however,  these  insects  can 
be  got  at,  they  are  more  easily 
destroyed  than  those  t  which  infest 
the  gooseberry  bushes.  Pear-trees 
against  walls  are  often  injured  by 
these  leech-Hke  insects,  but  they 
can  be  watered  and  luned  without 
difficulty.  I  have  tried  lime  water 
thrown  by  the  garden-engine,  the 
lime  being  just  i^Miced  in  Uie  water 
making  it  warm:  this  answered 
tpl^raUy  well,  but  it  required  mm 
lime,  and  rendered  both  the  trees 
and  the  earth  of  the  borders  on 
which  it  fell  unsi^dy.  A  deooo- 
tion  of  elder-leaves  mixed  with 
soft  soap  was  also  aiq[died :  this  had 
the  effisct  of.  destroying  the  insects 
but  the  preparation  is  more  expen- 
sive, and  the  operation  more  trou- 
blesome, than  that  with  lime-pow- 
der.— Trans,  Horii.  Society. 

Utility  qfSpamws^^Mr.  BntfU 
ly  shews  that  a  pair  of  spssmfws, 
during  the  time  they  have  their 
young  to  feed,  destroy,  on  an  ave- 
rage, every  week,  S,S60  caterpU- 
lars.  This  calculation  he  founds 
upon  actual  observation.  He  dis- 
covered that  the  two  parents  car- 
ried to  the  nest  fbrty  caterpiUars 
in  an  hour.  He  supposed  the 
sparrows  to  enter  t^e  nest  only 
during  twelve  hours  each  day, 
which  would  cause  a  consumption 
of  480  caterpillars.  This  sum  gives 
3,360caterpUlar8extirpated  weekly 
firom  a  garden.  But  the  utility  of 
these  buds- is  not  limited  to  this 
circumstance  alone,  for  .they  like- 
wise feed  their  young  with  butter- 
flies and  other  winged  ioseets,  eadi 
of  wluch,  if  not  destroyed  in  this 
manner,  would  be  the  pasentsof 
bundseds  of  caterpiUars. 


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804*    ANNUAL   REGISTEB,   IMS- 


6oa9Aenrie9.^The  list  of  caU 
tivBted  gooaebemes  includes  47 
different  tarts  cftlie  red  gooseberry, 
•S5  of  the  yellow,  58  of  the  green, 
and  44  of  the  white ;  of  these,  the 
weights  of  the  best  specimens  are 
giv«a.  The  largest  red  is  the  Top 
Sawyer,  whidi  weighed  86  dwts. 
17  grains ;  the  largest  yellow  is 
^e  Nedson^  Waves,  31  dwts.  6 
flxains^  the  largest  giean  is  the 
Ocean,  26  dwts.  11  srains;  and 
largest  white,  the  fihniHng  Beuity, 
M  dwts.  18  grains. 

Succory  as  hlanched  salad. — ^A 
v^ety  of  this  plant,  impiYived  hj 
cultivation,  is  much  employed  in 
France.  The  young  I^ives  are 
used  in  salad ;  und  for  procuring 
l&em,  sucoeseive  growings  arekq[rt; 
up  in  gardens.  When  the  plant 
u  raised  in  fields,  tlie  outer  leaves 
axe  plucks  at  ctiffevent  periods  (£ 
suTHTner  and  autumn,  and  given  to 
nuldi  cows,  by  which  it  is  said 
they  afibrd  about  a  third  more  milk 
than  when  6d  on  common  fodder, 
but  it  at  first  acquires  a  slightly 
soor  taste:  butter  is  also  mdre 
easily  ditained  &tmi  it.  At  the 
«|ipi:^ack  of  winter,  the  roots  are 
dug  up  and  laid  in  a  cellar  horiison- 
tally  in  alternate  layers  with  sand 
or  light  soil,  with  their  heads  out- 
ermost an^  uncovered.  In  this 
aituatian  they  are  kept  excluded 
6om  fixist  and  also  from  ligkl^ 
goring  which  they  afimrd  the 
Jbbmch^  roots  called  BarbedeCa- 
pHcin,  uaed  as  winter  salad.  The 
roots  m  aometimes  also  put  with 
sand  into  barrels  having  numecotts 
holes  in  ibeir  sides,  through  wfaidi 
&e  AdoU'  very  easily  pu8h>  and 
aro  cut  off  when  required.  Bar- 
vela  thus  prepared  are  tooetixhes 
taken  ob  hbeid  vesaela  akait  to 
saa,  and  fl^fard  fresh  salad  fin  many 


Ntw  Efwlmt  fbnU-Ia  the 


rapl  botanic  garden  of  Gh 
there  have  been  lately  reodve^ 
from  the  baron  de  ShadL  of  Tiin^ 
dad,  along  wi&  a  large  ooflectjon 
of  rare  and  valuable  nlmts  froai 
that  country,  sevend  erfiplUt 
roots  of  the  &mous  Arracachft. 
The  valuaUe  properties  of  this  a- 
•teresting  v^taUe  wer^  we  be» 
lieve,  whdly  unknown  to  the  h^ 
halntants  of  the  old  world,  undl 
Mr.  Vargas,  a  native  of  Santa  Fe 
de  Bogota^  where  this  plant  is  indi- 
genous, brojaght  to  England  the 
information,  which  was  publish 
«d  in  the  first  voliune  of  the 
Annals  of-  Botany,  by  KaD%  ami 
Sytne.  Mr.  Vaigas  states,  that  die 
Arraiiacha  is  one  9mmim  theonst 
usefyl  of  all  the  v^etaUes  of  that 
part  of  America.  It  hdosi^  is 
the  order  of  umbellifers,  andm  its 
habit  resemUes  an  Afdom  (thns 
bearing  some  anah^  to  the  cdeiy 
and  parsley  of  Eun^),  and  it  is 
in  spme  parts  of  the  coontiy  called 
Apia  its  stalk  generally  dividel 
from  the  iqiper  part  of  the  rool 
into  several  stems,  thickly  besst 
with  huge  orbicular  leavd^^sdisd 
into  sev^Bl  sinuseii,  and  su|i|>ortsi 
by  large  tubular  leaf-^stalks,  eseeei* 
ipg  a  jgoose^quill  in  tbir kneas.  Tht 
joots  umn^diately  divide,  into  taar 
ixr  five  branches :  and  eadh  of  theae^ 
if  the  soil  be  li^t  and  the  waadwr 
be  favourable;,  will  grow  ta  tbi 
size,  and  nearly  the  shi^w,  cf  a 
larse  cow's  bprn.  This  root  yieUi 
a  rood  yfhis^  h  prepared  in  ife 
Id^ep  in  the  same  manner  asp»- 
tafco^  It  is  e^Oremely  graml 
to  th^  palate,  moiedoaettian  nwaly 
-rrit  ^  so  tender  that  it  seqaasi 
£ttl&  Godni^  wA  m  ca^  of  di^ 
gp^^  t^at  it  is  tb^  ^>"?<if 
practic^in  |^e  cpoat^  to  t^i^ 
to  oopv^IesQe^ts  and  pecaosis  wjck 
weak  mnmi^  ^^mg  tli^ni^q^ 
much  less  flhtofa)^ 


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AGRIOULTURE  ASTD?  fiOTAMYv    SOS^ 


potato^    Of  hs  fccfth  m  nMe* 
flCarcband  a  variety  of  pastry  woi^t; 
ledubed  to  a  pulp^  this  root  tnttiv 
hito  the  composition  of  certain  fer- 
mented liquors^  supposed  to  be  very 
proper  to  restore  the  lost  tone  a( 
the  stomach.     In  the  city  of  Santa 
Fe,  and  indeed  in  all  places  of  this 
kingdom  where  they  can  obtain 
the  Arracacha,  they  are  of  full  as 
universal  use  as  the  potatoes  are 
in  England.     The  cultivation  of 
the  Arracacha  requires  a  deep  black 
mouldy  that  wiQ  easily  yield  to  the 
descent  of  its  large  vertical  roots. 
The  mode  of  propagating  it  is  to* 
cut  the  root  into  pieces^  each  hav« 
ing  an  eye  or  shoot^  and  to  plant 
the^  in  separate  holes.  After  three 
or  four  months^  the  roots  are  of 
sufficient  ^e  and  quantity  to  be 
used  for  culinary  purposes ;  but  if 
suffered  to  remain  for  six  months 
in  the  ground,  they  will  often  ac- 
quire an    cnmense  size,  without 
any  detriment  to  their  taste.     The 
colour  of  the  root  is  either  white, 
yellow,  or  purple,  but  all  are  of 
the  same  quality.     The  most  es- 
>        teemed  in  Santa  Fe  are  those  of 
'        Hipacon,  a  village  about  ten  leagues 
north  of  the  capital      Like  the 
potatoe,  the    Arracacha  does  not 
^rive  in  the  hotter  r^ons  of  the 
kingdom ;  for  there  the  roots  will 
'         not  acquire  any  size,  but  throw  up 
a  greater  number  of  stems ;  or,  at 
best,  they  will  be  small  and  of  in- 
'         different  flavour.     In  the  countries 
'         which  are  there  called  temperate, 
^         being  less  hot  than  those  at  the 
'         foot  of  the  Cordilleras,  this  vege- 
'         table  is  sometimes  found  to  thrive, 
I         but  never  so  well  as  in  the  elevated 
'         re^ons  of  those  mountains,  where 
I         the  medium  heat  is  between  58  and 
'         60  dec.  of  Fahrenheit's  scple.  Here. 
'         it  b  that  these  roots  grow  the  most 
I         htturiantly,  and  acquire  the  most 
dehcious  taste.    By  care  and  at^- 
VoL.  LXV. 


tentionin  ffradttaBy  during  indi- 
viduals of  the  Amocacha,  or  thei^ 
seeds,  to  a  cooler  temperature,  there^ 
is  every  reason  to  hope  that  this 
valuable  root  may,  like  the  potatoe, 
(which  was  introduced  to  us  from 
an  equtdly  warm  country),  be  na* 
turalized  to  our  soil. 

The  Maturation  of  FrmV.— M. 
Berard  being  convinced  by  a  series 
of  experiments,  '*  that  the  loss  of 
carbon  Was  absolutely  necessary 
for  the  maturation  of  unripe  fruits, 
it  appeared  probable  that  they  might 
be  preserved  for  a  long  time  un- 
changed, if  they  were  confined  in 
a  medium  in  which  they  could  not 
generate  carbonic  acid,  particularly 
Uiose  which  spontaneously  ripen 
when  gathered  green.  It  would 
be  sufficient  for  this  purpose  to 
confine  them  either  in  a  vacuum, 
or  in  an  atmosphere  of  carbonic 
add,  or  any  gas  not  containing 
oxygen.  I  found,  however,  upon 
triat  that  green  firuits,  under  these 
circumstances,  sive  out  a  certain 

natity  of  carixmic  acid  for  the 
two  or  three  days,  but  not 
afterwards.  On  the  1st  of  Octo- 
ber, I  put  a  green,  hard,  sound  pear' 
under  a  smiall  bell-glass,  and  ex- 
hausted the  air  by  an  air-pinnp. 
The  next  day  the  glass  contained 
some  carbonic  acid,  given  out  by 
the  fruit,  which  I  pumped  out, 
and  repeated  this  for  four  or  five 
days  successively,  after  which  no 
more  gas  was  generated.  On  the 
15th  of  January  following,  I  ex- 
amined the  pear.  It  had  kept  per- 
fectly well,  and  was  quite  hard.  T 
let  it  remain  for  five  or  six  daysiA 
a  room  ejroosed  to  the  air,  duriiig 
which  it  ripened,  and  was  perfectly 
well  tasted.  At  the  same  period, 
and  with  the  same  success,  I  suc- 
ceeded in  preserving  another  pear, 
which  I  had  suspended  in  a  jar 
fiDedwithcarbonic  acid  gas.  These, 


V* 


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306*    ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1823. 


ondoUier  similar  experiments,  gave 
me  great  hopes  oi  being  able  to 
preserve  fruits  for  a  long  time  hj 
the  methods  above  mentioned,  but 
tiiey  have  not  been  entirely  real- 
iseo.  I  have  operated  on  cherriesj 
gooseberries,  niricots,  plums,  pears, 
and  apples.  I  selected  very  soimd 
fruits,  within  about  a  week  to  a 
fortnight  of  their  natural  term  of 
ripening,  and  endosed  them  in 
vacuo,  others  in  carbonic  add,  in 
hydrc^n,  or  in  azotic  gas.  AU 
these  fruits  have  been  preserved  for 
a  certain  time ;  but  it  the  experi- 
ment has  lasted  too  long,  though 
they  are  still  preserved  man  decay, 
they  lose  their  fragrance  and  sweet 
taste,  and  they  all  acquire  nearly 
the  same  flavour,  which  is  peculiar, 
not  easily  described,  and  disagree- 
able. They  also  turn  sour,  and 
this  is  owinff  to  the  formation  of 
malic  add  suone.  Cherries  and 
apricots,longendosedinjars,  with- 
out the  presence  of  oxygen,  sweat 
out  in  a  few  days  a  liquid  of  the 
colour  of  the  fruit.  If  they  are 
withdrawn  after  twenty  days,  and 
then  exposed  for  a  day  to  the  open 
air,  they  retain  their  agreeable 
taste;  but  I  found  a  specmien  of 
dierries,  which  I  examined,  after 
an  endosure  of  about  five  months, 
to  retain  their  smell,  indeed,  and 
their  proper  colour  a  little  weak- 
ened, but  to  have  lost  their  pecu- 
liar taste,  and  to  have  become  add, 
with  that  particular,  unpleasant 
flavour  which  I  have  already  men- 
tioned. I  have  at  this  moment 
before  me  (December  25)  a  jar 
endosinff  two  peaches  in  azotic 
g^,  which  have  remained  in  this 
situation  since  October  6 ;  to  ap- 
pearance they  would  be  thought 
just  gathered,  but  they  have  lost 
their  delicious  perfume  and  fla- 
vour,' whilst  a  similar  sample,  open- 
ed November  5,  and  then  exp^ed 


far  two  days  to  the  air,  havetomel 
out  quite  good.  Pears  and  i^ppkt 
are,  of  all  the  fruits  that  I  have 
tried,  those  that  are  the  longest 
preserved  in  a  medium  deprived  of 
oxygen.  I  have  preserved  pean 
in  a  vacuum  from  October  to  the 
following   July,  which"  remained 

Suite  sound,  but  had  exchanged 
lieir  agreeable  flavour  for  Uie  aoor 
and  unpleasant  taste  already  de- 
scribed. But  after  three  months 
endosed  in  vacuo,  and  a  few  days 
subsequent  exposure  to  the  air^ 
they  remain  quite  good  in  every 
respect  May  we  not  heooe  pre- 
sume,  that  the  fruits  whidi  npen 
of  themselves  when  severed  from 
the  tree,  retain  this  quality  in  vir- 
tue of  a  certain  decree  of  vegetable 
force  which  remains  in  them,  and 
lies  dormant  for  a  time  when  thej 
are  immersed  in  a  non-oxygenous 
medium,  but  whidi  is  lost  in  the 
end,  when  the  power  of  matura- 
tion can  no  longer  be  recalled?  My 
apparatus  fOr  endosine  fruits  in  a 
vacuum  was  the  foUowing : — I 
first  put  them  into  a  jar,  and  closed 
it  with  a  good  cork,  covered  care- 
fully with  resinous  cement,  and 
having  a  very  small  hole  boied 
through  its  centre  with  a  red-hot 
knitting  needle.  This  being  done, 
I  put  the  jar  on  the  air-pump  plate, 
whelmed  over  it  a  glass  reodver, 
fitted  with  a  copper  stem,  which 
could  be  raised  or  sunk  through 
an  air-tight  leather  collar.  When 
a  vacuum  was  made  in  both  \9xa, 
I  pressed  down  upon  the  hdt  of 
the  cork  of  the  inner  jar,  the  cop- 
per stem,  which  carried  a  sauH 
plug  of  wax  at  its  extremity,  and 
thus  the  cork  was  made  air-dg^t 
by  the  wax-plug  that  was  left  in 
the  hole.  To  fiU  the  jar  with  car- 
bonic add  or  hydrogen  gas,  two 
holes  were  made  in  the  cork,  to 
lecdve  two  bent  glass  tube^  one 


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AGRICULTURE  AND   BOTANY.    307» 


proceeShi^  from' the  vessel  in  which 
the  materials  for  fiimishing  the  gas 
were  put^  aiid  the  other  dipping 
under  water  or  mercury ;  a  cur- 
rent of  the  required  gas  was  then 
passed  through  the  jar^  till  it  was 
presumed  that  all  the  atmospheric 
air  was  displaced.  To  fill  it  with 
asotic  gas,  the  bottom  of  the  jar 
was  covered  with  a  stiatum  of 
moistened  protoxyd  of  iron,  recently 
prepared,  and  the  fruit  was  then 
put  in  on  a  small  partition  of  tin- 
plate,  and  the  jar  sealed  up ;  and 
thus  the  air  of  the  jar  was  left  to 
be  deprived  of  its  oxygen  by  the 
action  of  the  protoxyd  of  iron, 
leaving  its  azote  untouched."— iin. 
tie  Chmie. 

New  Zealand  Spinach.  — 
Though  known  to  botanists,  says 
Mr.  Anderson,  for  many  years,  and 
notwithstanding  its  value  as  an 
esculent  had  ^n  ascertained  by 
the  first  discoverers  of  the  plant, 
the  telragoma  expansa  till  only 
within  these  few  years  has  been  cul- 
tivated as  a  matter  of  curiosity. 

Our  first  knowledge  of  this  plant 
was  derived  from  sir  Joseph  Banks, 
who  discovered  it  in  the  beginning 
of  the  year  1770,  at  Queen  Char- 
lotte's Sound,  in  New  Zealand, 
when  with  captain  Cook  in  his  first 
voyage  round  the  world.  In  the 
acooimt  of  that  voyage,  edited  by 
Dr.  Hawkesworth,  it  is  mentioned 
amongst  the  plants  of  New  Zealand 
as  having  been  met  with  once  or 
twice,  **  and  resembling  the  plant 
called,  by  country  people,  lamb's- 
quarters,  or  fat-hen ;  it  was  boiled 
and  eaten  instead  of  greens." 
Specimens  and  seeds  were  brought 
to  England,  and  its  introduction  by 
sir  Joseph  Banks  to  Kew-eardens 
is  recorded  to  have  taken  place  in 
1 772.  The  value  of  the  plant  be- 
came moite  known  in  captain  Cook's 
second  voyage*    Forster,  who  went 


with  that  expedition,  found  it  also 
at  Queen  Charlotte's  Sound  in 
great  abundance  in  1773;  and 
during  the  stay  of  the  shipt  at 
that  place,  the  sailors  were  daily 
supplied  with  it  at  their  meals. 
Thunberg  found  it  growing  wild 
in  Japan,  where  it  is  callea /mra 
na,  or  creeping  cabbace.  Besides 
the  works  above  mentioned,  it  has 
also  been  described  and  figured  by 
Scopoli,  by  Roth,  and  by  M.  de 
Candolle.  Several  of  the  writers, 
which  I  have  referred  to,  note  the 
pl^t  as  biennial,  but  in  our  cli* 
mate  it  certainly  is  only  an  annual. 
From  the  experience  which  I  have 
had  in  the  cultivation  of  the  tetra- 
gonia,  in  the  present  year,  I  can 
venture  torecommendthefollowing 
treatment;  the  seed  should  be  sown 
in  the  latter  end  of  March  in  a  pot» 
which  must  be  placed  in  a  melon 
frame  ;  the  seedling  plants,  while 
small,  should  be  set  out  singly  in 
small  pots,  and  kept  under  the 
shelter  of  a  cold  frame,  until  about 
the  twentieth  of  May,  when  the 
mildness  of  the  season  will  pro- 
bably dlow  of  their  being  planted 
out,  without  risk  of  being  killed  by 
frost.  At  diat  time  a  bed  must  lie 
prepared  for  the  reception  of  the 
plants,  by  forming  a  trench  two 
feet  wide,  and  one  foot  deep,  which 
must  be  filled  level  to  the  surface 
with  rotten  duns  from  an  old  cu- 
cumber bed;  the  dung  must  be 
covered  with  six  inches  of  garden 
mould,  thus  creating  an  elevated 
ridge  in  the  middle  of  the  bed,  the 
sides  of  which  must  extend  three 
feet  from  the  centre.  The  plants 
must  be  put  out  three  feet  apart ;  I 
planted  mine  at  only  two  feet  d^ 
tance  from  each  other,  but  they 
were  too  near.  In  five  or  rix 
weeks  from  the  planting,  their 
bnmches  will  have  grown  suf- 
ficienUy  to  allow  the  gathering 


U»  2 


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808*    ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1823. 


of  ihe  leaves  for  use.  In  drj 
aeasonsy  the  plants  will  probablj 
zequire  a  good  supply  of  water, 
llisy  put  forth  their  branches 
Tigorously  as  soon  as  they  have 
tuen  to  the  ground^  and  extend 
before  the  end  Gf  the  season  three 
feet  on  each  ode  from  the  centre 
of  the  bed«  The  branches  are 
round>  numerous,  succulent,  pale- 
green,  thick,  and  strong,  somewhat 
procumbent,  but  elevating  their 
terminations.  The  leaves  are 
fleshy,  growing  alternately  at  small 
distances  from  each  other,  on 
diordsh  petioles;  they  are  of  a 
deltoid  shape,  but  rather  elongated, 
beinff  from  two  to  three  mchet 
broad  at  the  t<m,  and  from  three 
to  four  inches  lonff;  the  apex  is 
almost  sharp-pointed,  and  the  two 
extremities  of  the  base  are  bluntly 
rounded;  the  whole  leaf  is  smooth^ 
with  entire  edges  dark  green  abov^ 
below  paler,  and  thickly  studded 
with  aqueous  tuberdes ;  the  mid- 
rib and  veins  project  con^icuously 
on  the  under  surface.  Theflowers 
are  sessile  in  the  alie  of  the 
leaver,  small  and  green,  and,  ex- 
cept that  they  shew  their  yellow 
«nther«  when  they  expand,  they 
are  very  inconspicuous.  The  fruit 
when  ripe  has  a  dry  pericarp  of  a 
rude  shape,  with  four  (a  five  horn- 
like processes  indoaii^  the  seed^ 
whicn  is  to  be  seeu  in  its  coverings 
In  gathering  for  use,  the  young 
leaves  must  be  pinched  off  the 
branches,  taking  care  to  leave  the 


hading  shoot  uniiijured;  l]ixa,vri& 
the  snudler  brandbes  whidi  siibwn 
quendy  arise  firom  the  a]«  of  tiie 
leaves  which  have  been  gatheredy 
will  produce  a  suppW"  untQ  a  kte 
period  in  the  year,  for  the  plaatfi 
are  suffidently  hai>ly  to  witkBtaad 
the  finosts  which  loll  nasturtiam^ 
potatoes,  and  such  tender  vegeta* 
Ues.  The  tetragonia  is  dressed 
exactly  in  the  same  manner  si 
spinach,  and  whether  bcnled  |daia 
or  stewed,  is  considered  by  many 
Superior  to  it ;  there  is  a  watuem 
and  mildness  in  its  taste,  added  to 
its  flavour,  which  reaembbs  that 
of  spinach,  in  which  it  has  an  ad* 
vanti^  over  that  hetbb  Mywbcla 
crop  in  the  present  year  '^n'ftqgM 
solely  of  nine  plants,  and  fima 
these  I  have  beoi  enabled  to  send 
in  a  gathering  for  ^le  kitchett 
every  other  day  rinoe  Uie  ndddlsof 
June,  so  that  I  consider  a  bed  wiiA 
about  twenty  plants  quite  suflkaeol 
to  give  a  daily  supply,  if  requiiei 
for  a  large  table.  The  great  ad- 
vantage of  this  vegetable  is  as  a 
substitute  for  summer  ^nnadu 
Every  gardener  knows  the  plttor 
that  attends  the  frequent  sowmg 
of  q[)inach  through  the  warmsea* 
son  of  the  year;  without  that 
trouble,  it  is  impossible  to  have  it 
good,  and  with  the  utmost  care  it 
cannot  always  be  even  so  ofbtainai 
exactly  as  it  oug^t  to  be  (partica- 
larly  when  the  weather  is  hot  aai 
dry),  (toai  the  rapidity  with  wUA 
the  young  plants  nm  to  seed. 


ARTS  AND  MANUFACTURES* 


Intlnmeni  for  £fuUng  ihe  laH^  day.->-The  inventor  of  Ais  i 

iude,  aJt  once,  without  the  hdp  of  ment,  Joseph  Bordwiae,  esq.  aro- 

kgariihmt  or  calculatian,Jrdm  two  fsssor  of  fortification  at  the  ust 

ooitrvatwns  taken  o^  any  time  if  ht3dtLjjC4impaay'B  military  eoUegt 


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ARTS  AND  MANUFACTURES.     309* 


•t  AMfoooilie,  has  taken  ont  a 
patent  for  i^  anid  tHe  directors  Have 
ufued  orders  that  this  instrument 
be  used  throu^out  their  naval  de« 
partment  It  is  intended  to  put 
within  the  reach  of  every  com- 
mander of  a  vea^l^  the  solution  of 
that  important  problem  in  naviga« 
tion,  vis.  the  determins^on  of  the 
latitude^  by  two  observations  of  the 
sun,  or  odier  celestial  body,  taken 
at  any  period  of  the  day,  a  pro- 
falem  whidi  has  engaged  the  atten- 
tion of  scientific  men  for  a  long 
time  past,  with  the  view  of  ren^ 
dering  the  forms  of  calculation 
more  simple  than  they  are  at  pre- 
sent. The  ixistrument  does  away 
with  calculation  altogether,  giving 
the  remits  in  itself.  It  is  rormed 
of  four  dreular  arcs,  (the  greatest 
about  nine  indies  in  diameter), 
having  a  common  centre,  and  tra- 
versing about  each  other.  On  two 
of  these  are  scales  for  the  dedini^ 
tion  of  the  object  observed,  and  on 
the  other  two,  scales  for  the  alti- 
tudes, which  are  taken  by  the 
usual  instruments,  quadrant,  &c 
—-There  is  also  a  fourth  semi-cirde, 
fixed  in  position,  for  the  time 
elapsed  between  the  observations. 
In  working  it,  the  dedinadon  for 
the  day  is  set  off,  the  time  ad- 
justed,— and  the  verniers,  marking 
the  observed  altitudes,  brought 
together,  when  the  instrument  will 
Immediatdy  show,—- 

1.  The  latitude  of  the  place 
of  observation,  to  I5f'  of  a  de- 
gree. 

2.  The  distance  in  time  from 
noon  of  either  observation,  to  2^ 
of  time,  which  compared  with  a 
dironometer  will  give  the  dMerence 
of  longitude. 

S.  The  true  azimuth,  which 
compared  with  a  compass  bearing, 
win  give  the  variation  of  the  mag- 
~""*^pobi 


The  operation  may  take  about 
three  at  four  minutes,  there  being 
no  other  calculation  required  than 
the  usual  corrections  for  dip,  re« 
fraction,  &c  in  the  altitudes ;  and 
the  like  for  the  declination  front 
Ae  nautical  almanack,  to  adapt  it 
to  the  place  of  observation,  uese 
being  reductions  which  must  take 
place  under  any  solution  of  the  pro- 
blem, whether  by  the  calculated 
forms,  or  by  instrument.  Two  of 
three  hours'  instruction  will  make 
any  mastar  of  a  vessel  fit  to  use  it. 

/ce  I^fe-pre*ervcr.— Dr.  Balfour 
has  invented  a  simple  apparatus  for 
preventing  personsdrowning,  when 
the  ice  breaks  under  them^  in 
skaitrog.  It  consists  of  an  iron  ring^ 
elongated  on  one  side  into  a  per- 
forator of  about  two  indies  in 
length,  or  adapted  to  the  head  of 
a  walldi^  cane.  If  ihe  latter  be 
preferred,  a  person  may  carry  It  in 
his  pocket,  with  the  part  stuck  in  a 
eork,  and  screw  it  on  and  off  at  tho 
ice.  It  is  very  evident  that  whea 
a  person  feds  himself  ^oing  down, 
he  wiQ  instinctivdy  strike  the  per- 
forator into  the  solid  ice  nearest 
him;  and,  as  die  specific  gravity 
of  the  human  body  is  not  mudi 
greater  than  that  (tf  water,  the 
dightest  hold  will  suspend  him  till 
assistance  is  procured;  nay,  it  is 
quite  possible  for  a  person  so  armed 
to  extricate  himself.  The  instru« 
ment  cannot  fail  in  any  case  to  pre- 
serve Kfe,  except  when  th^  ice  givei 
way  to.  a  great  extent,  and  even 
then  it  wifl  answer  the  purpose  of 
suspension,  tf  stuck  in  a  targe  j^ecd 
of  floating  ice. 

Diorama.— Two  Frendi  artists^ 
MM.  Bouton  and  Daguene,  have 
invented  a  new  mettiod  of  «»- 
hibiting  scenes  rf  painting,  dif- 
f eringfrom  the  panorama,  in  that 
two  separate  oljeets  are  e^Uted 
at  the  same  tine.    ItiaoaUedOM 


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310»    ANNUAL   REGISTER,  1823. 


Diolr8iiia»  and  the  idea  is  borrowed 
from  the  panorama.  The  scene  is 
die  interior  of  some  grand  building, 
or  the  view  of  a  b&iutiAil  valley, 
which  is  exhibited  from  only  one 
point  of  view.  The  spectator 
moimts  a  staircase^  lighted  by  a 
'sin^^e  lamp.  He  then  enters  a 
handsome  room,  and  before  him  is 
a  window  looldns  into  the  interior 
of  the  chapel  of  the  Trinity,  at 
Canterbory.  The  room  then  turns 
on  a  pivot,  and  the  spectator  is  sur- 
prised at  seeing  before  him  the 
valley  of  Somen,  in  Switzerland. 
The  picture  is  placed  at  a  fixed 
distance  from  the  spectator,  and  is 
lighted  from  the  sides  as  well  as 
from  above,  while  it  is  so  contrived 
that  the  eye  of  the  spectator  shall 
be  kept  upon  the  picture,  and  pass 
over  the  space  between  without 
notice.  By  this  means,  the  illusion 
is  almost  perfect,  and  the  looker-on 
can  scaroelv  imagine  himself  other- 
wise than  loold^  at  nature  from  a 
window. 

Proces9  rf  hatching  pouUiy  by 
jfenm.— Mr.  Barlow,  of  LfumVs 
Conduit-street,  has  exhibited  a 
mechanical  ammratus^  which  he 
states  to  be  of  his  own  invention 
and  to  have  been  for  several  months 
under  the  examination  of  the 
Society  of  Arts,  for  hatching  poul- 
try and  Urds  of  every  description 
by  a  process  of  artificial  incubation, 
in  wmch  he  describes  his  success  as 
in  the  proportion  of  l6  to  20  eggs : 
of  course,  it  is  essential  that  the 
efggi  shall  be  fresh,  and  in  the  proper 
Mate. 

The  apparatus  consists  of  a  small 
bmler  (n  the  conmion  form  for 
creating  the  steam,  which  is  then 
passed  through  a  conductor  into  an 
pv«n  constructed  for  the  occasion, 
and  where  the  baskets  are  arranged 
in  which  the  egss  are  deposited ; 

lh«  Imt  ii  Yfi^ttt^  hj  tl^mno? 


meters,  and  the  evaporatioii  of  Ae 
steam  carried  off  and  governed  bf 
hydrometers  according  to  a  aiiB|ik 
and  ingenious  'Oontnvanoa.  Mr. 
Barlow's  description  of  the  prooes 
is  as  follows  :— 

'^  Scarce  is  the  ^g  expoaed  to 
the  heat  in  the  ovens  12  hoaa, 
when  some  lineament  of  the  body 
of  the  embryo  ^oa£k  begins  to 
appear.  The  heart  b^ins  to  beal 
at  the  end  of  the  second  day  ;  at 
that  time  it  has  the  form  of  a  hone 
shoe.  On  the  third  day«  two 
vesicles  with  blood,  thepuLatkm 
of  whidi  is  very  evident— CDe  is 
the  left  ventricle,  the  other  im  the 
root  of  the  great  artery:  ooeanricle 
of  the  heart  appearsabout  the  50lh 
hour,  which  resembles  laoe  fidded 
back  upon  itself.  The  beating  of 
the  heart  may  now  be  observed  in 
the  auricle,  and  afterwards  in  die 
ventricle.  The  fourth  day,  the 
wings  may  be  distinguished,  and 
on  the  head  two  knots  for  the 
brain;  one  for  thelall^  and  two 
others  for  the  fore  part  and  hind 
part  of  the  head ;  the  two  auricks 
visible  already  approach  nearer  die 
heart  than  diey  did  before.  On 
the  fifdi  day,  the  first  auricle  that 
appears  seems  to  have  two  honis^ 
but  it  afterwards  appears  to  be 
auricles.  About  the  sixth  day,  the 
liver  is  seen.  The  first  voluntary 
motion  is  observed  at  the  end  oif 
the  151st  hour.  At  the  end  of 
138  hours,  the  lunes  and  stomach 
become  visible ;  and  at  the  seventh 
day,  the  intestines^  the  loina,  and 
the  upper  jaw,  two  ventricles  may 
be  seen,  and  two  drops  of  blood 
instead  of  one,  whidi  was  seen  at 
first,  and  the  brain  acquires  some 
consistence.  At  the  eighth  day  of 
incubation,  the  bill  opens,  and  the 
flesh  appears  in  the  breast ;  at  the 
end  of  Uie  194th  hour,  the  sternum 
(t.c.  the  brmt-bQae)  10  pcmi  99A 


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PATENTS. 


311" 


on  die  9th  isf,  the  ribs  come  out 
of  the  back;  tbe  bile  and  the 
gall-bladder  become  visible:  on  the 
1 0th  day  the  bile  becomes  green> 
and  if  the  chick  be  taken  from  its 
integument,  it  can  move  itself  in- 
sensibly. Eleventh  day,  the  fea- 
thers begin  to  shoot,  and  the  skull 
becomes  grissly.  At  the  12th  day, 
the  eyes  appear ;  and  the  ribs  are 
perfect  at  the  288th  hour.  On 
the  13th  day,  the  spleen  approaches 
the  stomach ;  and  on  the  14th  and 
15th  day,  it  increases  in  size  and 
bulL  On  the  l6th  day,  the  beak 
opens  and  shuts;  and  about  the 


18th  day,  the  chick  utters  its  fint 
cry.  Its  strength  then  gradually 
increases,  till  its  sets  itself  at  liberty 
by  breaking  the  shell  in  which  it 
was  confined. 

The  artificial  process  will  be 
seen  firom  thi^  description,  to  acce- 
lerate by  several  days  the  natural 
operation;  and,  as  it  m%ht  be 
carried  on  to  any  extent,  by  the 
size  or  multiplication  of  ovens,  a 
great  advantage  in  the  acquisition 
of  stock  would  necessarily  be  de- 
rived, provided  the  apparatus  were 
found  to  work  with  the  certainty 
and  economy  ascribed  to  it 


PATENTS. 


J.  NflviLLBy  of  New-walk,  Surrey,  for 
an  improved  method  of  producing  and 
applying  heat  to,  and  constructing  and 
erecting  furnaces  and  other  reservoirs, 
used  for  the  various  purposes  of  roasting 
or  smelting  metallic  ores,  or  other  sub- 
stances, melting  metals,  or  any  other 
matter;  and  for  heating  pans  or  boilers, 
or  substances  usually  contained  in  pans 
or  boilers,  in  the  various  operations  of 
producing  steam,  distilling,  brewing, . 
dyeing,  boiling  or  baking  sugar,  boiling 
soap,  or  any  other  manipulation  or  ope- 
lution  in  which  the  application  of  heat 
is  necessary ;  and  also,  for  the  purpose 
of  producing  and  applying  heat  to  fur- 
naoes,  pans,  boilers  and  reservoirs,  al- 
ready erected  and  used,  or  to  be  used, 
for  the  purpose  above-mentioned ;  and 
likewise,  for  effecting  a  saving  in  fuel, 
and  producing  a  more  complete  combus- 
^on  of  smoke  than  at  present  takes 
place,  as  well  as  a  better  mode  than  any 
now  in  use,  of  collecting  and  preserving 
any  volatile  substance  contained  in,  or 
combined  with,  metallic  ores  or  other 
substances  in  the  separation  of  which 
heat  is  necessary;  and  for  the  purpose 
of  applying  heat  to  the  operations  of 
baking  or  dyeing  substances  in  kilns, 
floorB«  or  racks,  or  in  ovens.  ^*  Jan.  8, 
JW3,  ^ 

W,JbhiM0D|9f  0r«i^tTotbuD|  <br  a 


means  of  obtaining  the  power  of  steam 
for  the  use  of  steam-engines  with  re- 
duced expenditure  of  f^ei. — Jan.  8, 

W.  Lister,  of  Baildon,  Otley,  for  im- 
provements in  the  method  and  machi- 
nery for  preparing  and  spinning  wool, 
silk,  mohair,  and  other  animal  fibre,  of 
any  quality  or  length  of  staple. — Jan. 
16. 

R.  Copland,  of  Clerkenwell,  for  com- 
binations of  apparatus  for  gainhig  power; 
part  of  which  aro  improvements  upon  a 
patent  already  obtained  by  him,  for  a 
new  or  improved  method  or  methods  of 
gaining  power,  by  new  or  improved 
combinations  of  apparatus  applicable  to 
various  purposes.--Jan.  16. 

G.  Miller,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  for  a  me- 
thod or  plan  of  communicating  the  spiral 
motion  to  shot  and  shells  when  fired 
from  plain  barrels,  and  for  igniting,  by 
percussion,  shells  to  which  the  spiral 
motion  has  been  thus  communicated. 
—Jan.  16. 

J.  Taylor,  of  Raven-row,  Mile-end, 
for  a  new  method  of  constructing  the 
bottoms  of  merdiants  ships,  and  placing 
the  pumps  so  as  to  prevent  damage  to 
the  cargoes  by  the  Dilge-water^-^an« 
16. 

J.  Smltii,  of  Old  Broad-street,  for 
certain  improvements  on  a  machine  for 
wwbiogi  deaotiiigi  an4  whUeoiog  oo^ 


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812*    ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1823. 


ton,  linen,  silk  and  woollen  gannents^  of 
piece  goods.— Jan.  20. 

W.  Glossage,  of  Leamington  Priors, 
for  a  portable  alarum,  to  be  attached  t0| 
and  detached  from,  clocks  and  watches, 
and  which  may  be  regulated  to  take 
effect  at  any  given  period  of  time.^- 
February  11. 

N.  rtrtridge,  of  Bowbridge,  near 
Stroud ;  fbr  improvements  in  the  setting 
or  fixing  of  steam-boilers  or  coppers,  by 
which  a  considerable  saving  oi  fuel  wiU 
be  effected,  and  the  smoke  more  effec- 
tually consumed.— February  14. 

T.  Fuller,  of  Bath,  for  an  improve- 
ment in  the  construction  of  shafts,  and 
the  mode  of  attaching  them  to  two* 
wheeled  carriages...February  18. 

P.  CheUy  of  Earle's-court,  Kensing- 
ton, for  improvements  on  machinery  for 
drawing,  roving,  and  spinning  hemp, 
flax,  and  waste  silk.— February  18. 

A.  Applegatb,  of  Duke-street,  Surry, 
for  improvements  in  printing  machines. 
^February,  18. 

T.  Bury,  of  Salford,  fbr,impfovement8 
in  dyeing  or  producing  a  permanent 
nankeen  colour  on  cotton,  wool,  skein- 
yam,  and  other  articles. — February  18. 
F.Deakin,  of  Birmingham,  for  im- 
provements to  piano-fortes)  and  other 
stringed  instruments.— February  18. 

W.  Church,  of  Nelson-quare,  Surry, 
for  an  improved  apparatus  for  printing^ 
to  be  used  by  type,  block,  or  plate  prin- 
ters.— February  18. 

G.  E.  li^rpur  and  B.  Baylis,  of  Wee- 
don,  for  a  method  of  inkpelling  machi- 
nery.— March  18. 

R.  Badwell,  the  younger,  of  Leek, 
Staffordshire,  for  improvements  in  the 
throwing,  twisting,  or  spinning  of  sew- 
inff*8ilk,  Organsine,  Bergam,  and  such 
other  descriptions  of  silk  as  such  im- 
provements may  be  applicable  to.« 
March  18. 

H.  H.  Price,  of  Neath  Abbey,  for  an 
apparatus  for  giving  increased  effect  to 
paddles  used  in  steam  vessels,  applica- 
ble to  rotu-y  movements,  by  which  they 
aregenerally  worked.—March  18. 

w.  Crighton  and  J.  Crighton,  both  of 
Manchester,  for  an  improvement  in  the 
construcUon  of  the  cylinders  used  in 
carding  engines,  and  oUier  machines 
employed  in  the  preparation  for  the 
spinning  of  cotton,  flax,  wool,  silk.— 
March  18.  -»—->> 

W.  Baileyi  of  High  Holbom,  and  T. 
Home  the  younger,  of  Birmingham,  for 
UDpi:oveinenu  m  the  muui&cture  of 


metallic  window^littine%  and  other  w^ 
taluc  mooldiogs,  applicable  to  the  oi:sm 
menting  of  furniture. — March  18. 

T.  Bogen,  of  Bnddngbara-atrec^ 
Strand,  for  an  imj^rovement  on  stays 
knd  bodices,  which  improvement  is  also 
applicable  to  boots.— Afaidi  IS. 

w.  Hope,  of  Jedburgh,  for  imjprove- 
ments  in  the  construction  of  pnntbof  • 
presses. — March  18« 

T.  Hancock,  of  Goswell  Mews,  Mid* 
dlesex,  for  an  improvement  in  the  pie> 
paration,  for  various  useful  purposes,  of 
pitch  a:nd  tar,  separately  or  m  union,  bj 
an  admixture  of  other  ingredients  with 
either  or  both  of  thenut-^March  22. 

T.  Wickham,  of  Nottinghaiiiy  for  a 
compound  paste  and  liqiuo^  to  be  used 
for  the  purpose  of  improving  and  co- 
louring lace  and  net,  and  all  other  ma- 
nufactured articles  made  of  flax,  cotton, 
wool,  silk,  or  any  other  aiumal  or 
vegetable  substance,  whether  the  fobric 
of  the  same  be  composed  of  ^<des  or 
interstices,  or  of  open  or  dose  work,  or 
otherwise,  and  to  be  applied  in  the 
process  of  getdng  up,  dressing,  or  co- 
louring the  same.— March  24. 

W.  Jessop,  of  Butteriey  Hall,  Derby- 
shire, for  an  elastic  metallic  piston,  or 
packing  of  pistons,  to  be  applied  either 
externally  or  internally  to  cylindeo.^* 
March  27. 

W.  Warcup,  of  Dartford,  for  an  im- 
provement or  improvements  in  the  cob* 
struction  of  a  machine  called  a  Manglti 
•-^pril  3. 

J.  Frost,  of  Fmchley,  Middlesex,  for 
certain  improvements  in  the  piDoess  of 
calcining,  and  preparing  calcareous  and 
other  substances,  for  the  purpoet  of 
forming  cements.— April  3. 

C.  Pope,  of  Bristol,  for  a  compontioB 
of  certain  metals  to  be  used  for  the  pur- 
pose of  sheathing  the  bottoms  of  ships 
and  vessels,  and  of  roofing  the  tops  of 
houses,  or  for  any  oth^r  purpose  to 
which  such  composition  may  be  appli* 
cable.— April  8. 

D.  W.  Acraman,  of  Bristol,  iron^ 
manufacturer,  and  W.  Piper,  of  tha 
Cookley  iron-works,  near  Kiddermin- 
ster, Worcestershire,  iron-manufoctufei^ 
for  certain  improvements  in  the  pirn* 
ration  of  iron,  for  the  better  mannao 
ture  of  chains  and  chain  cables^— Ami 
12. 

J.  M.  Hanchett,  of  Crescent^plao^ 
London,  companion  of  the  most  h<NM>ufv 
able  Order  of  the  Bath,  for  certain  inu 
provements  in  propeUing  bMU  md 
▼esselsMMApril  12i 


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PATENTS. 


ais« 


J.  VnsuaM,  of  Norwich,  shawl  and 
bombMin-manvfitcturer,  for  an  improve- 
ment in  the  process  of  making  or  manu- 
fiietoring  a  certain  article  or  fabric, 
oompoeed  of  silk  and  wotated,  for  useful 
purposes.— April  12. 

C  Graulhie,  of  Castle-street,  HoN 
bom,  London,  gentleman,  for  a  machine 
or  apparatus,  upon  a  new  and  portable 
eoofitruction,  capable  of  being  inclined 
in  di£ferent  degrees,  adapted  to  the 
conveyance  of  persons  and  goods  over 
water  or  ravines,  for  military  or  other 
oljects,  and  applicable  also  to  purposes 
of  recreation  and  exercise.  Partly  com- 
municated to  him  by  certain  foreigners 
residing  abroad.— April  16. 

J.  Johnson,  of  Waterloo-bridge  wharf, 
ior  improvements  on  drags,  to  be  used 
fyt  carriages.— April  16. 

S.  Hall,  of  Basford,  Nottinghamshire, 
for  a  method  of  improving  lace,  net, 
muslin,  calico,  and  every  other  descrip- 
tion ofmanufiictured  goods,  whose  fiU)ric 
is  composed  of  holes  or  interstices,  and 
also  thread  or  yam,  as  usually  manu- 
ftctured,  of  any  kind,  whether  the 
said  manufactured  goods,  or  the  said 
thread  or  vam,  be  mbricated  from  flax, 
cotton,  silk,  worsted,  or  any  other  sub- 
stance, or  mixture  of  substances  what- 
ever-—April  18. 

W.  Southworth,  of  Sharpies,  Lan- 
cashire, for  machinerv  or  apparatus 
adapted  to  fisdlitate  ^e  operation  of 
dryittg  calicoes,  muslins,  linen,  or  other 
similar  fiibrics.— April  19. 

R.  Winter,  of  Fen-court,  London,  for 
an  improved  method  of  conducting  the 
process  of  distillation.— April  3S. 

R.  J.  Tyers,  of  Piccadilly,  for  a  ma- 
<dune  or  apparatus  to  be  attached  to 
boots,  shoes,  or  other  covering  of  the 
feet,  for  ^e  purpose  of  traveling  or 
pleasure.— April  22. 

W.  ndmer,  of  Lothbury,  for  improve- 
ments in  machinery,  for  the  purpose  of 
painting  or  staining  paper  for  paper 
hangings.^April  92. 

F.  O.  Spilsbury,  of  Walsall,  for  cer- 
tain improvements  in  tanning.— -April 
8S. 

F.  Deaking,  of  Birmingham,  for  an 
improved  method  of  manufocturing  fur- 
niture and  for  an  improvement  to  the 
mounting  of  uinbreilas  and  parasols.-^ 
April  22.       . 

J.  Rawlins,  of  Pentonville,  for  a  bed- 
stead, machine,  or  apparatus  for  the 
relief  of  invalids.— April  22. 

i.  liaU,  jun.,  of  DaitSbrdy  for  an  im- 


provement in  the  madiinery  to  be  em- 
ployed for  effecting  or  producing  the 
pressure  on  linseed,  rapeseed,  oraniy 
other  oleaginous  seeds  or  substances 
from  which  oil  can  be  expressed,  for  the 
purpose  of  expressing  oil  from  the 
aforesaid  seeds  or  substances.i.«Apr,  92. 

J.  Taylor,  of  Manchester,  for  machi- 
nery or  apparatus  to  fiicilitate  or  im- 
prove the  operation  of  spinning,  doub- 
ling, and  throwing  silk,  cotton,  wool,  or 
flax,  or  mixtures  of  the  said  substanoes. 
—April  29. 

J.  BourdieUf  of  Lime-street*  for  a 
discovery  and  preparation  of  a  mucilage, 
or  slackening  matter,  to  be  used  in 
painting  or  colouring  linen,  wooUra,  and 
cotton  cloths,  and  silks,  in  esses  in 
which  gums,  mucilages,  and  other  thick- 
enin|f  matters,  are  now  employed.  Com- 
municated to  him  by  a  foreigner  resid- 
ing abroad*— April  29. 

W.  Caslon,  the  younger,  of  Burton- 
crescent,  for  certidn  improvements  in 
the  construction  of  gasometers.-»May 
10. 

E.  Eyre,  of  Sheffield,  for  an  improve- 
ment in  the  manufiicture  of  fondeny  of 
brass,  iron  or  Bteel.-^May  15. 

J.  Perkins,  of  Fleet-street,  engineer, 
for  improvements  in  the  mode  of  heal- 
ing, boiling,  or  evaporating,  by  steam, 
of  fluids,  in  pans,  boiiersi  or  otner  ves- 
sels.^-May  17. 

E.  Ollerenshaw,  of  Manchester,  for  a 
method  of  dressing  and  furnishing  hats, 
by  means  of  certain  maehinery  and  im- 
plements to  be  used  and  applied 
thereto.— May  27. 

T.  Peel,  of  Manchester,  for  a  rotary- 
engine  for  the  purpose  of  communicating 
motion  by  means  of  steam  or  other 
gaseous  media.— May  27. 

8.  Wilson,  of  Streatham,  for  improve*' 
ments  in  machinery  for  weavii^T  and 
winding.  Communicated  to  him  by 
certain  foreigners  residing  abroad.-*^ 
May  31. 

J.  Mills,  of  St.  Clement  Danes,  Loo- 
don,  and  H.  W.  Fairman,  of  Silver-street, 
London,  for  improvements  in  rendering 
leather,  linen,  flax,  sail-cloth,  and  cer- 
tain other  articles,  water-proof.  Com- 
municated to  them  by  certain  fo« 
reigners  residing  abroad^— May  SI. 

R.  Badnall,  of  Leek,  for  unprovs- 
menti  in  dyeing.— June  3. 

T.  Attwood,  of  Birming^mm,  for  im- 
provements in  the  makfaig  of  cylinders 
mr  the  printing  of  cottons,  calicoes,  and 
other  arUcles.  Conununicated  to  him 
by  a  person  reiddiDg  abroadt*  June  3. 


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334*    ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1823. 


T.  Mill8|  of  Dudbrldge,  near  Stroud, 
for  improvementsoii  machines  for  shear- 
ing or  cropping  woollen  cloths.  Com- 
municated to  mm  by  certain  foreigners 
residing  abroad.— June  3. 

J.  Peridns,  late  of  Philadelphia, 
America,  but  now  of  Fleet  street,  for 
improvements  in  steam-engines.  Partly 
communicated  to  him  by  a  certain  fiA 
reigner  residing  abroad  .---June  5. 

K.  Cowper,  of  Kennington,  for  im- 

}>rotenient8  in  machines  and  apparatus 
or  printing  calico,  lineui  silk,  wool, 
paper,  and  other  substances  capable  of 
receiving  printed  impressions.— June 
10. 

R.  Mushel,  of  the  Royal  Mint,  for  a 
process  for  improving  the  quality  of 
copper  and  alloyed  copper,  appliodile 
to  the  sheadiing  of  ships  and  other  pur- 
posea.-^nne  14. 

R.  Pew,  of  Sherborne,  Dorset,  for  a 
new  compoution  for  covering  houses  and 
other  buildings^— June  17. 

O.  Macintosh,  of  Crossbasket, 
Lanark,  for  a  process  and  manufacture 
whereby  the  texture  of  hemp,  flax, 
wool,  cotton,  and  silk,  and  also  leather, 
paper,  and  other  substances,  mav  be 
rendered  impervious  to  water  and  air. 
—June  17* 

J.  Smith,  of  Drt^twich,  for  an  appa- 
ratus for  the  applying  steam  to  the 
boiling  and  concentration  of  solutions  in 
genecal,  crystallising  the  muriate  of 
soda  from  brines  containing  that  salt, 
melting  and  refining  of  tallow  and  oils, 
boiling  of  sugar,  dUtilling,  and  other 
similarpurposes.— June  19. 

M.  WiHoughby,  Horsley  Down,  Surry, 
for  improvements  in  the  construction  of 
vesaels  so  as  to  enable  them  to  sail  with 
greater  velodty. — June  26. 

J.  Greeil,  of  Mansfield,  for  machines 
used  for  roving,  spinning,  and  twisting 
cotton,  flax,  smc,  wool,  or  other  fibrous 
8ubstances«-.June  26. 

W.  Vere,  of  Crown  Row,  MUe  End, 
and  H.  S.  Crane,  of  Stratford,  for  im- 
provements in  the  manufiicture  of  in* 
flammable  gas.— June  30. 

T.  W.  Stansfield,  of  Leeds,  ILBriggs, 
of  Luddenderfoot,  W.  Richard,  of  Leeds, 
and  W.  Barradaugh,  of  Burley,  Leeds, 
for  improvements  in  the  construction 
of  looms  for  weaving  fabrics  composed 
wholly  or  in  part  of  woollen,  worsted, 
cotton,  linen,  silk,  or  other  materials, 
and  \^  the  machinery  and  implements 
ibr,  and  methods  of,  working  mt  mmt% 


6.  Clymer,  of  Ptnsb«y-«tfttet»  ior 
improvements  on  agricaltaivl  nloogks. 
•July^. 

J.  Fisher,  of  Great  Bridge,  WeA- 
bromwich,  and  J.  Horton  the  ] 
of  the  same  place,  for  an  impf 
in  the  construction  of  botlera  Car  i 
engines,   and   other   purpoaes 
steam  is  required.— July  8. 

8.  Fairbanks,  of  Anierica,  but 
residing  in  Norfolk-street,  Strand,  for 
improvements  in  the  coostrvctioB  of 
lodes  and  other  fosteningo.    Co 
cated  to  him  by  a  fordgner 
abroad..Julv  10. 

J.  L.  Bradbury,  of  Manchester,  for 
improvements  in  the  art  of  ] 
pamting,  or  staining  sUks, 
woollen,  and  other  dotfaa,  and  paper, 
parchment,  vellum,  leather,  om  otter 
substances,  by  means  of  bloidn  or  sor- 
foce  printing  A^uly  IS, 
'  B.  Gill,  of  Birmingham,  for  ioapfove- 
ments  in  the  constraethm  of  oms 
cleavers,  straw-knives,  and  all  kinds  of 
implements  that  reiiidre  or  adnit  of 
metallic  backs.  Comnumicated  to  hta 
by  a  foreigner  residing  ■broadw-Jvly 

Sir  Isaac  Coffin,  of  PkOl  MoU,  for  a 
method  or  methods  of  catching  or  tak- 
ing mackerel  and  other  fish,  cmmMni 
Gated  to  him  by  a  foreigner  readii^ 
abroad.— July  15. 

W.  Palmer,  of  Lothbury,  Londan,  for 
improvements  in  machinery  applioaUe 
to  printing  on  calico  or  other  woven 
fobncs,  composed  whoUy  or  in  part  of 
cotton,  linen,  wool,  or  wk.«-Jaly  15. 

W.  H.  Horrocks,  of  Fortwood,  eoMon- 
manufacturer,  for  a  new  and  ioiproved 


method  applicable  to  preparing, 
ing,  dresring,  and  beaming  due  warps, 
and  also  applicable  to  beantiag  other 
worps^-^uly  34. 

R.  Gill,  of  Barrowdown,  for  a  bm- 
thod  of  preparing,  dressing,  and  dyebg 
sheep-skins  and  lamb-skins  with  the 
wool  on,  for  rugs  for  carriages,  rooms, 
and  other  purposes.— July  84.    - 

W.  Jeokes,  of  Great  Russel-street,  for 
an  apparatus  for  regulating  the  ai^ply 
of  water  in  steam-boilers  and  other  ves- 
sels for  containing  water  or  other  liquids, 
—July  24. 

W.  Davis,  of  Bourne,  Gkraceeler- 
shire,  for  improvements  in  modiiaefT 
for  shearing  and  dressing  woollen  and 
other  cloths  requiring  such  prooew.  ■ 
July  24. 

H,  Smar^  of  SmooMtitcti  NMdtos 


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P  A  t  EN  T  S.  J       '^     315* 


sex,  Ibr  impravenients  ki  the  construe- 
-  tion  of  piaiio-lbrte8.-^iily  84. 

M.  Turner,  and  L.  Amfell,  of  White* 
hsven,  for  an  improved  process  to  be 
used  in  the  bleaching  of  linen  or  cotton- 
yam,  or  doth.— July  24. 

J.  Jadcson,  of  Nottingham,  for  im« 
pravements  in  the  constniction  of  the 
locks  used  for  the  discharge  of  guns  and 
other  fire-arms,  upon  the  detonating 
principle.»July  39. 

J<  Bower,  of  Hunslet,  Leeds,  and  J. 
BUod,  of  the  same  place,  for  an  im- 
provement in  such  steam-engines  as 
condense  out  of  the  cylinder,  by  which 
iniprorement  or  invention  the  idr-pump 
is  rendered  unnecessary.— July  31 . 

J.  Bidnbridge,of  Bread-street,  Cheap- 
aide,  for  improvements  upon  machines 
for  cutting,  cropping,  or  shearing  wool 
or  fur  from  skins ;  also  for  cropping  or 
shearing  woollen,  silk,  cotton,  or  other 
cloths  and  velvets,  or  anv  other  fobric 
or  foln^os  thereof  respectively,  whether 
made  or  composed  entirely  of  wool,  silk, 
cotton,  or  oAer  materials  of  which  doth 
or  velvet  is  made,  or  of  any  mixture  or 
mixtnies  thereof  respectively,  and  also 
for  the  purpose  of  shaving  pdts  or  sldns. 
Communicated  to  him  by  a  foreigner, 
resident  in  the  United  States  of  North 
America;«-July  31 . 

L.  J.  Pottdiee,  of  King-street,  Covent- 
garden,  for  machinery  or  ^paratus  to 
be  empfoyed  in  the  casth^  of  metal 
types.  Communicated  to  him  by  a  cer- 
tain fordgner  residing  abroad.— Au- 
gust 5. 

R.  Dickenson,  of  Park-street,  South- 
wark,  for  an  improvement  in  addition  to 
the  shodng  or  stopping  and  treatment 
of  horses  feet. — August  £. 

J.  Barron,  of  Well-street,  and  J. 
Wilson,  of  Welbeck-street,  Middlesex, 
for  improvements  in  the  constniction 
and  manufacturing  of  window-blinds.— 
August  11. 

W.  Wigston,  of  Derby,  for  improve- 
ments on  steam-engines.— August  1 1 . 

H.  C.  JenninffB,  of  Devooshire.street, 
Mary-le-bone,  for  an  instrument  or  ma- 
chine for  preventing  the  improper  es- 
cape of  gas,  and  the  danger  and  nuisance 
consequent  thereon. — August  14. 

R.  Rogers,  of  Liverpool,  for  an  im- 
proved Ian-yard  for  the  shrouds  and 
other  rigging  of  ships  and  other  vessels, 
imd  an  apparatus  for  setting  up  the 
isme.— August  18. 
J.  Mahim,  of  Wakefield,  for  a  new 


used  for  that  purpose,  to  tiie  construct- 
ins  of  retortB,  and  improvements  in 
o£er  parts  of  gas  appamtns^— August 
18. 

T.  Leach,  of  Friday-stree^  London, 
for  impxovementB  in  certain  parts  of 
the  machinery  for  roving,  spinntngf,  and 
doubling  wool,  cotton,  silk,  flax,  and 
all  other  fibrous  substances.-^Augnst  18. 
R.  Hiffgfn,  <^  Norwich,  for  a  new  or 
improved  method  of  consuming  or  de- 
stioying  smoke.— August  18. 

G.  Diggles,  College-street,  Westmin- 
ster, for  an  improved  bit  for  riding- 
hones,  and  for  horses  used  in  dngle  and 
double  harness. — August  19. 

E.  Elwen,  of  Wednesbury-fox^, 
Staffordshire,  for  improvements  in  the 
manufacture  of  spades  and  shovels.— 
August  SO. 

M.  A.  Robinson,  of  Red-Lion  street, 
Bfiddlesex,  for  improvements  in  the 
mode  of  preparing  tne  vegetable  matter, 
ctemonly  called  pearl-bariey  and*  grits 
or  noats,  made  from  the  corns  of  barley 
and  oats,  by  which  material,  when  so 
prepared,  a  superior  mudlaginous  be- 
verage may  be  produced  in  a  few  mi- 
nutes.— August  80. 

J.  Goode,  of  Tottenham,  for  improve- 
ments in  machinerv,  tools,  or  apparatus, 
for  boring  the  earui,  for  the  purpose  of 
obtaining  and  raising  water.— August  SO. 
B.  Roteh,  of  Fumivd's-Inn,  for  an 
improved  fid  for  the  upper  masts  of 
ships  and  other  vessds.— -August  31. 

J.  Surrey,  of  Battersea,  for  a  method 
of  applying  heat  for  producing  steam, 
and  tor  various  other  purposes,  whereby 
the  expense  of  fuel  will  be  lessetied.— 
September  4. 

W.  Woodman,  of  the  Snd  Dragoon 
Guards,  for  an  improved  horse'^  shoe, 
which  he  denominates  the  bevdled- 
heeled  expanding  shoe.— September  11. 
B.  Donkin,  of  Great  Surrey-street, 
for  a  discovery  or  invention  on  the 
means  or  process  of  destroving  or  re- 
morinir  the  fibres  from  the  thread,  whe- 
ther of  flax,  cotton,  silk,  or  any  other 
fibrous  substance,  oomponng  the  fabrics 
usually  termed  lace-net,  or  any  other 
denominatkm  of  fabric  where  boles  or 
interstices  are  formed  by  such  thread 
in  any  of  the  aforosdd  fabrics.— Sep- 
tember 11. 

J.  Hughes,  of  Baricing,  for  certdn 
means  ol  securing  the  bodies  of  th« 
dead  in  coffins.— September  11. 

H.  C.  Jennings,  of  Devonshire-stnet, 
8t,  Mvyl^bonei  for  w  lsiUiini«iil  H 


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Slf*    ANNUAL  BC6ISTER.   1823. 


fMcatJMP  «ad  ute  of  which^  inoonve- 
Bicnceuid  diitress  to  the  hone  may  bo 
avoided— ^ptember  11. 

J.  Spriggy  of  Binningham*  fop  a  oer- 
lain  improfement  io  the  manofiustura 
of  gratea»  fenders,  and  fiie«iroB  re8tB«— • 
feptember  11. 

T.  Wickham,  of  Nottingham,  for  an 
improved  and  prepared  riee,  rendered 
wpUMle  for  uae  m  all  caaea  in  which 
stwch  ia  applied.  -September  11* 

W.  Uaae,  of  Sazthorpe,  for  a  method 
of  oonatructing  millfl  or  machines  ehleiy 
applicable  to  prison  discipline^— 8ep- 
tember  11. 

J.  ChristiOy  of  Maik-laao,  London, 
tod  T,  Harper,  of  Tamworth,  merchant, 
bv  an  improved  metlaod  of  combining 
and  udng  fuel  in  stoves,  fomaoes, 
bailees,  and  steam-engines.»October  9. 

J.  E.  Cotter,  of  CasUe-Magnor,  neac 
Mallow,  Cork,  Ireland,  deri^  for  im- 
provements on  wind  muslod  instff^ 
nentSk— October  9. 

J.  Uenfrey,  of  Little  Henry-street, 
Surrey,  and  A.  Applegath,  of  Duke- 
atreet^  Blackfiriars,  for  maohineiy  for 
casting  types.--October  9. 

E,  S«  Swanie,  of  Buddersbury,  Lon- 
don, for  a  method  of  producing  and 
preserving  artificial  mineral  waters,  and 
tot  machinery  to  efiect  the  same*  Com* 
mnnicated  to  hin^  by  F.  A.  A.  Streave, 
of  Drosden,  doctor  of  physic,  and  £. 
Swanie,  of  Leipzig,  mercliant,  on  whose 
behalf  he  ia  pursuing  this  patent. — 
October  9. 

Sir  W..  Congreve,  of  Cecil-street, 
Strand,  for  improvements  in  fire-works. 
—October  16. 

A.  Buchanan,  of  Citrine  Cotton- 
works,  one  of  the  partners  of  the  house 
of  James  Finlay  and  Co.,  merchants, 
Glaagow,  for  an  improvement  in  the  con* 
struction  of  weaving-looms  impelled  by 
machinery,  whereby  a  greater  quanti^ 
of  cotton  may  be  woven  in  a  given  time, 
without  ii\iary  to  the  fid>ric,  tnan  by  any 
application  of  power  for  that  purpose 
heretofore  employed— October  16. 

J.  Ranking  of  New  Bond-street,  for 
the  means  oi  securing  valuable  property 
in  mail  and  other  stage-coaches,  travel- 
liog  carriages,  waggons,  caravans,  and 
other  similar  public  and  private  vehi# 
olae,  from  robbery.— November  1. 

G.  Hawkes,  of  Lucas-plaoe,  Commer- 
cial-road, Stepney  Old  Town,  for  an 
improvement  in  the  construc^n  of 
fkW  MMloift-NoTeiaber  U 


G»  Hawlrta,  of  Lncaa  phwa,  i 
dal-road,  for  certain  iin| 
capstans.^— November  1. 

W.  Bundy,  of  Folham,  for  an  tmd* 
evaporating  cooler,  to  focititate  and  re- 
gulate the  refrigerating  of  woits  or  wash 
in  all  seasons  of  die  year,  from  anv  de- 
gree of  heat  between  boiling  and  tht 
lemperoturo  required  for  fermentiQg^— 
November  1. 

T.  F.  Gimson,  of  Tiverton,  for  isar 
provements  in,  and  additiona  to,  — chi- 
nery  now  in  nse  for  doubliai^  and  Inlsa 
ing  cotton,  sillc,  and  other  fibrons  salb» 
stances.  Fsrtly  conmianicnaed  to  Urn 
Inr  a  certain  penon  rendiBg  abrond.i^ 
November  6. 

T.  Gawan,  of  Fleet-atreet, '  for  im- 
provements on  trusses. — ^Novemb^  II. 

J^  Day,  of  Barnstaple,  for  teptov^ 
menta  on  percussion  gun-locks,  appBen- 
ble  to  vanoua  descriptionBof  fire^nsa. 
-^November  13. 

J.  Ward,  of  Greve-road,  BCle  Rid- 
road,  for  improvements  in  tbe  < 
tion  of  locKs  and  other 
November  13. 

a  ServiU,  of  Brown's-hin,  Gloiieestor* 
shire,  for  a  mode  or  impvonement  for 
dresring  of  woollen  or  odier  doths^— 
November  13. 

R.  Green,  of  Lisle-street,  for  improve- 
ments in  constructing  g^uabadoes,  or 
mud  boots,  and  attaching  spmo  tbeieto ; 
and  part  of  whidi  said  improvemenls 
aro  applicable  to  other  boots.— Novem- 
ber 13. 

R.  Stain,  of  the  Tower  Brewery,  Loo- 
don,  for  an  improved  oonstmclion  of  a 
blast-furnace,  and  apparatus  to  be  oob- 
nected  therowith,  which  is  adapted  to 
bum  or  consume  fuel  in  a  more  eoooo* 
micai  and  useful  manner  than  has  been 
hitherto  practised.— November  IS. 

J.Gillman,  of  Newgate-street,  Lsa- 
don,  and  J.  H.  Wiistm,  of  Manchester, 
for  improvements  in  the  roano&etnfeof 
hats  and  bonnets^-November  18. 

J.  Heathcoat,  of  Tiverton,  for  a  na«> 
diine  for  the  manufiicture  of  a  platted 
substance,  composed  either  of  si&,  col- 
ton,  or  other  thread  or  yarn.»iJ^oveBB- 
ber90. 

T.  Hopper,  of  Reading,  for  improve^ 
ments  in  the  manufoctureof  silk-bats.-* 
November  80. 

A.  Deane,  of  Deptford,  for  an  ap- 
paratus or  machine  to  be  worn  by  pa> 
sons  entering  rooms  or  other  plaees 
filled  with  sinoke  or  other  vapoor,  for 
the  fttipoae  oCoBtiflgmiihSiJffire,  or  i» 


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PATENTS. 


«17« 


J.  Perkin'Sy  <£  Rlll-«treety  LondoOy 
and  J.  Martineau  the  Yoonger,  of  th« 
City-road,  Middleeexy  ror  an  improre* 
*ient  in  llie  oonttniction  of  tha  furnace 
of  ateam-boilers  and  other  venelfl,  by 
wMcli  ftiel  it  economiaed  and  the  tm<^ 
co«siinied.-^ovember  8(K 

J.  Bourne,  of  Derby,  for  Improve* 
nenti  in  the  bnming  of  stone^ware  and 
brown-ware  in  Idlns  or  ovens,  by  carry* 
itsg  up  the  heatand  flarae  from  the  fbr- 
aace  or  fire,  below  to  the  middle  and 
upper  parta  of  the  Mhi  or  oven,  either 
by  means  of  flues  or  ehimnies  In  the 
•idea  thereof,  or  by  moveable  pipes  or 
conductors  to  be  placed  within  snch 
kUhs  oir  ofens ;  and  also  by  increasing 
the  heat  in  Idlns  or  ovens  by  the  con* 
Btrootion  of  additional  furnaces  or  flrei 
at  the  aides  thereof,  and  to  communl* 
cate  with  the  centre  or  upper  parts  of 
■uch  kilns  or  ovens ;  and  also  by  cen- 
iraylng  the  flame  and  heat  of  one  Inln  or 
more  into  another,  or  others,  by  means 
of  chiranies  or  flues,  and  thus  permitting 
tha  draft  and  smoke  of  several  kilns  or 
ovant  to  escape  through  the  chimnles  of 
a  central  kiln  or  oven  of  great  elevation, 
whereby  the  degree  of  heat  is  increased 
In  the  several  kilns  or  ovens,  and  the 
quantity  of  smoke  diminished.— No- 
vember 23. 

J.  SUter,  of  Saddleworth,  for  im- 
provements in  the  machinery  or  appa- 
ratus to  facilitate  or  improve  the  ope- 
ration of  cutting  or  gnnding  wool  or 
cotton  from  off  the  surfiEUses  of  woollen 
cloths,  kerseymeres,  cotton  cloths,  or 
mixtures  of  the  said  substances;  and 
for  taking  or  removing  hair  or  fur  firom 
skins.— -November  22. 

T.  Todd,  of  Swansea,  for  an  improve- 
ment in  producing  tone  upon  musical 
instruments  of  various  descriptions.— 
November  22. 

S.  Brown,  of  Windmill-street,  Lam- 
beth, for  an  engine  or  instrument  for 
effecting  a  vacuum,  and  thus  producing 
powers,  by  which  water  may  be  ndsed 
and  machinery  put  in  motion.— De- 
cember 4. 

A.  Buchanan,  of  Catrine  Cotton-works, 
for  an  improvement  in  machinery  here- 
tofore employed  in  spinning-mills  in  the 
carding  of  cotton  and  other  wool,  where- 
by the  top  cards  are  regularly  stripped 
and  kept  clean  by  the  operation  or  the 
machinery^  without  the  agency  of  hard 
labour.- December  4. 


J.  IWfet^  of  limahesltfvi»«M» 
tiiod  of  maaufMburiBg  ialtr-4MQ0M» 
ber4. 

G.  M.  Glaseott,  of  Great  Gardei^ 
street,  Whitadiap^  and  T.  Micbdl,  of 
Upper  Thamea-ftrtet,  for  impnwemtnta 
in  the  oonetniction  or  fom  of  naila  la 
be  used  In  or  for  eecurinip  of  oapptr 
and  other  sheathing  on  thrpi^  and  for 
other  pnrpeses.— Deecmber  9. 

T.  Hone  the  yoonger,  of  BImliiiv 
ham,  for  improvemanti  In  the  wanafo» 
tare  of  tack  pnlUea,  In  biaii  or  oUier 
ttetahw— Dacembar  9. 

W.  Pamiva),  of  DroltwIch,  a&d  Ak 
Smith,  of  Glasgow,  fbr  an  impcovad 
boiler  Ibr  steam-enginea  and  other  piu> 
poses.— Deoember  9» 

Sir  H.  Heatiieote,  of  Snrrey^alraet^ 
8ti«&d,  for  an  iraproveasent  of  the  sta^ 
nils  generally  in  use,  for  the  parpoaa 
of  intercepting  wind  between  the  square 
sails  of  ships  and  other  square-rigged 


J.  Boot,  of  Nottingham,  for  aa  Iib» 
proved  apparatus  to  be  nsed  in  the  pro* 
cess  of  singebg  laoe  and  other  purposeik 
•^December  13. 

P.  J.  B.  V.  Goeeet,  of  Qneen«atree^ 
Haymarket,  for  a  eombinatloa  of  maohU 
nery  for  producing  various  shapes,  pat* 
Cem*,  and  sizes,  nrom  metals  or  other 
materials,  capable  of  receiving  an  ovaL 
round,  or  otner  form.  Communicated 
to  him  by  a  certain  foreigner  residing 
abroad.— December  18. 

T.  Greenwood,  of  Gildersoun,  and  J. 
Thackrab,  surgical  mechanist,  of  Leeds, 
for  improvements  on,  or  substitutes  for, 
pattens  and  dogsw— December  27. 
Patents  UUely  granted  in  Scotland. 

H.  Houldsworth,  of  Glasgow,  civil 
engineer,  for  a  new  contrivance  for 
heating  dwelling-houses,  hot-houses, 
and  other  buildings.— Januaiy  8. 

J.  Perkins,  of  Fleet-street,  London, 
for  improvements  on  steam-engines.— 
February  8. 

W.  Brunton,  of  Birmingham,  for  im- 
provements upon  fire-grates,  and  the 
means  of  introducing  coal  therein.-* 
February  8. 

J.  Fox,  of  Plymouth,  for  an  addition 
to,  or  improvement  on,  the  apparatus 
commonly  used  in  the  distillation  of 
ardent  spirits.— March  3. 

P.  Chell,  of  EarPs-court,  Kensington, 
for  improvements  on  machinery  for 
drawing,  roving,  and  spinning  hemp, 
flax,  and  waste  silk.— March  6. 

R.  Badnall,  the  younger,  of  Led^  for 


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318*    ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1823. 


SmproveMOits  on  the  tiurowiiig,  twist- 
infy  or  spinning  of  sewing  sillcs,  organ* 
tine,  beigun,  and  such  other  descrip- 
tions of  sillc  as  the  said  imoiovements 
may  be  applicable  to.— Marcn  6. 

w.  Fshner,  of  Lothburj,  London, 
pmer^ianger,  for  improvements  in  ma- 
chinery, for  the  purpose  of  printing  or 
staining  paper.— April  4. 

R.  mnter,  of  Fen-court,  London,  for 
an  improved  metliod  of  conducting  the 
process  of  distUlatkm.— April  38. 

8.  Hall,  of  Basford,  for  a  method  of 
improving  lace,  net,  muslin,  calico,  and 
any  other'  description  of  manufoctured 
goods  whose  fiibnc  is  composed  of  holes 
or  interstices,  and  also  thread  or  vam, 
as  usually  manufoctnred,  of  any  kind, 
whether  ue  said  manufactured  ^foods, 
or  the  said  thread  or  yam,  be  fi^ncated 
from  flax,  cotton,  silk,  worsted,  or  any 
other  substance  or  mixture  of  substances 
whatmever.— >Alay  7. 

W.  Mitchell,  of  Glasffow,  for  a  pro- 
cess whereby  gold  and  silver  plate,  and 
any  other  plate  formed  of  ductile  me- 
tals, may  be  manufactured  in  a  more 
perfoct  and  expeditious  manner  Uian  by 
any  process  which  has  Utherto  been  em- 
ployed in  such  manufacture.— May  13. 

J.  Woolams,  of  Wells,  for  improve- 
ments in  wheeled  carriages  of  mlous 


descriptions,  to  eonntmact  the  fal]ia& 
and  facilitate  the  labour  of  animals  nfe- 
tacfaed  to  them,  and  to  render  . 
and  property  in  and  near  them 
secure  from  injury^— June  3. 

C.  Mackintosh,  esq.,  of  C 
Lanarkshire,  for  a  process  of  i 
ture,wherelqrthetextare  of  heap^iax, 
wool,  cotton,  and  silk^  and  also  leather, 
paper,  and  other  substances,  mav  he 
j«ndered  impervious  to  water  and  aVii— > 
June  3. 

R.  Mushet,  of  the  lU^  Mint,  Towetw 
hill,  Middlesex,  for  a  mean  or  maana, 
process  or  processes,  for  improving  the 
quality  of  copper,  and  of  alk^red  copper, 
applicable  to  the  sheathing  of  ships  and 
other  purposes.«^ttne  Si. 

J.  Green,  of  Mansfield,  for  an  im- 
provement in  certain  machines  osed  for 
roving,  spinning,  and  twlaling 
flax,  silk,  wool,  or  other  fibrons  i 
stances.— June  94. 

J*  Bourdieuy  esq.,  of  lime  street,  for 
a  mucilage  or  thickening  naatler  ta  be 
used  in  printing  or  colouring  linen, 
woollen,  and  cotton  cloths  imd  silks,  in 
cases  in  which  gums,  mucilages,  and 
other  thickening  matters  are  n^Mv  em- 
ployed. Communicated  to  faim  by  a 
foreigner  residing  abroad^— June  94. 


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(    319*    ) 


ANTIQUITIES 


AMD 


MISCELLANEOUS  LITERATURR 


CIHANCERT  Records. ^The 
labour  and  researches  promoted 
hy  the  ro3raloom]nu8ionerson  public 
xeoords,  have  led  to  the  discovery 
of  a  great  variety  and  number  of 
unarranged  records. of  the  G>urt 
of  Chancery.  They  have  been 
founddispersed  throu^  the  Record-* 
office,  the  cb^idy  and  the  room  in 
the  White  Tower,  in  lockers, 
drawers,  and  cupboaards,  as  well  as 
in  the  great  heap  (where  many 
charters  were  also  found),  under 
the  arch  in  the  Tower  of  the  city 
ci  Ixmdon.  They  conast  of  par- 
titions of  lands,  assignments  of 
dower,  writs  of  scire jacioi  to  re- 
peal letters  patent,  with  the  plead- 
ing thereon ;  '^  of  these  latter  do- 
cuments there  are  56  issued  on 
behalf  of  Henry  Prince  of  Wales, 
to  repeal  letters  patent  of  queen 
Elisabeth,    by    which    she    had 

rted  to  divers  persons  several  of 
possessions  of  the  Duchy  of 
'  ComwalL"  There  are,  be&des, 
many  othsr  curious  and  valuable 
documents  of  the  reigns  of  Henry 
7th  and  Henry  8th,  and  various 
other  important  records  relating  to 
lands.  When  the  records  in  the 
Tower  were  examined  in  1800, 
by  order  of  parliament,  according 


to  the  return,  il  does  not  appear 
to  have  been  known  that  there 
were  any  proceedings  in  the  Court 
of  Chancery  preserved  there,  of 
an  earlier  date  than  the  reign  of 
queen  Elisabeth,  exc^  some  few 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  7th;  and 
there  have  since  been  discovered^ 
beddes  the  documents  already 
noted,  in  an  obscure  part  of  the 
north  gallery  of  the  chapel  of  the 
White  Tower,  a  series  of  those 
proceedings,  connstinff  of  bundles 
of  bills,  answers,  ana  depositions, 
during  the  reisns  of  Henry  6th, 
Edwud  4th  and  5th,  and  Richard 
3rd.  The  great  mass  of  unsorted 
records  lying  under  the  arch  at  the 
north-east  comer  of  the  White 
Tower,  first  discovered  in  the  year 
1809,  have  been  taken  out  and 
sorted.  The  Chancery  records,  to 
the  amount  of  upwards  of  seven 
thousand,  have  since  been  unfolded, 
cleaned,  smoothed,  and  arranged 
in  portfolios,  under  the  names  of 
the  several  chancellors ;  diiefly 
during  the  reigns  of  Henry  Std, 
Henry  8th,  Edward  6thi  Philip 
and  Mary,  queen  Elisabeth,  and 
James  1st  There  have  already 
been  found  (observe  the  commis* 
sioners)  the  proceedings  in  ei^t 


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320*    ANNUAL  REGISTER,  1823. 


hundred  and  {arty  suits,  whilst 
cardinal  Wolsey  was  chancellor; 
the  proceedings  in  1,560  suits,  in 
the  chancellorship  of  sir  Thomas 
Audley;  and  the  proceeding  in 
1^50  suits  in  the  tkne  (rf*  sir  N. 
Bacon. 

The  CoUonian  Manuscripts.'^ 
The  commissioners  have  caused  the 
catalogue  of  the  Cottonian  MSS. 
to  be  printed;  and  have  prefaced 
it  wiUi  a  long,  but  exo^dingly 
interesting,  "  account  of  the  for- 
maticm,  contents,  and  catalogues 
of  the  collection  of  G>ttonian 
MSS."  This  preface  gives  some 
particulars  of  this  memorable  col- 
lietor.  Sir  Robert  Cotton,  who 
was  a  descendant  fiom  a  very 
iiiieient£(unily,  which,  in  the  reign 
of  Edward  3rd,  flourished  in  the 
County  of  ChMter,  was  bom  at 
Denton,  Huntingdonshire,  Janu- 
ary £2,  1570.  He  was  educated 
lit  Trinity  Coll^,  Cambridge, 
whore  he  early  imbibed  a  taste, 
and  laid  the  foundation  for  his 
pee^iiincQt  learning  in  the  anti« 
mtttifls  and  history  of  his  country. 
On  his  leavii^  college,  this  bias 
was  greatly  increased  by  the  free 
intoooune  he  immediately  com- 
meneed  with  those  celebrated  anti- 
ifuaaak  Jooelin,  Lambaid,  Canu 
atB,  Noel,  and  several  odiers,  who, 
about  that  time  (though  unsuocesi- 
fUfy)  attempted  the  establishment 
of  an  Antiquarian  Society.  He 
no^laetad  no  c^yportunities  to  ao- 
^DBie  chronicles,  ohaitularies,  and 
original  muniments;  and 
presented  themsdves,  as 
I  of  such  documents  at  the 
latd  dissdution  of  the  monasteries 
had  found  their  way  into  private 
hands,  who  were  rarely  aware  of 
thnr  importance. 
'  In  IS09,  he  aooompanied  Cam- 
dsn  an  a  journey  to  the  north  of 
Eli|^aad,  where  they  jointly  ex-» 


^ored  the  whole  extent  of  die 
Picts'  wall,    and  brou^t    away 
several    inscriptions    and    mona* 
ments,   which  he  ultimately  pre- 
sented to  his  college  at  Camliringe, 
where  they  are  now  car^fiiDy  pre- 
served.  After  an  active  public  lifo, 
this  preface  feelingly  observes— 
*'  It  IS,  no  doubt,   greatly  to  be 
lamented  that  a  life  so  mentorions 
should,  toward  its  dose,  have  been 
imbittered  by  base  calninny  and 
the  arbitrary  proceedings  of  those 
from  whom  he  had  an  undoubted 
right  to  expect  distinguished  £ivour 
and  protection.    By  order  of  the 
privy-council,  once  in  the  reign  of 
James  1st,  l6l5,  and  again  in  ihe 
reign  of  Charles  1st,   l6St9,  his 
library  was  locked  up,  as  not  of  a 
nature  to  be  esqposed  to  public  in- 
roection,  and  he  was  himself  ex- 
cluded &om  the  use  of  it!"  sWtly 
before  his  death,  he  caused  it  to  lie 
signified  to  the  privy  ooondl,  *'  ^lat 
their  so  km^  detaining  his  boob 
from  him,  without  rendering  any 
reason  for  the  same,  had  beat  ^ 
cause  of  his  mortal  malady."    He 
died  May  6,    16S1.    ''  That  the 
library  continued  in  sequestntian 
some  time  after  his  dea^,  mean 
manifest  (observes  the  royal  com- 
miBsionen'  preface)  from  the  peti* 
tion  of  sir  Thomas  Cotton,  Ids 
only  dOn  and   heir,   wherein  he 
states  that  his  study  had  bees  a 
long  time  locked  up,  and  himsdf 
debarred  from  the  use  of  it ;  and 
that  it  appeared  from  a  schedule  of 
the  contents  of  the  said  libmy, 
prepared  for  the  purpose,  that  thoe 
were  no  books  or  papers  thaeb 
but  such  as  were  the  undoubled 
proper^    of   the  Detitioner;   be 
therefore  praved  that  he    adflht 
henceforth  have  the  free  useothis 
study,  it  beii^  the  best  roooi  in 
his  houses    ^though  noaoooont 
ii  extant  that  the  pn^er  of  muck 


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ANTIQUITIES,  &c. 


3ai» 


MiliOB  was  complied  with,  there 
IS  every  reason  to  believe  thAt  it 
was  soon  af^er  granted ;  and  that 
sir  Thomas,  to  whom  the  property 
had  devolved,  continued  to  the 
day  of  his  death,  which  happened 
in  the  year  l66%  in  quiet  posses- 
sion of  his  library."  Stukeley  re- 
lates that  the  high  sheriff  for  Bed- 
fcirdshire  (Bramstall),  in  1650, 
was  greatly  instrumental  in  pre- 
serving this  inestimable  treasure, 
during  the  oonvulsums  of  the  civil 
wars,  in  which,  remarks  the  pre* 
iace,  '*  all  documents  of  a  consti- 
tutional or  legal  nature  were  in- 
dustriously sought  after,  in  order 
to  be  destroyed." 

The  Lansdown  Manuscrtplsj'^ 
A  catalogue  of  the  "  Lanraown 
Manuscripts,"  likewise  has  been 
printed  by  authority  of  the  com- 
mission on  public  records.  This 
collection  of  manuscripts  was  pur- 
chased in  1807,  by  a  vote  of  par- 
liament, of  the  representatives  of 
the  then  late  marquis  of  Lansdown, 
for  the  sum  of  4,925/. 

The  catalogue  is  divided  into 
two  parts :  the  first  consisting  of 
the  Burghley  papers  only;  the 
second  comprehending  the  remain- 
der of  the  manuscripts  in  general, 
including  the  Ciesar  and  Kennett 
papers.  Of  the  Burghley  papers 
one  volume  contains  copies  of  char- 
ters, &c.  of  an  early  period ;  but 
the  remainder,  amounting  to  121 
volumes  in  folio,  consist  of  state 
papers,  interspersed  with  miscel- 
laneous correspondence  during  the 
long  reign  of  queen  Elizabeth  ; 
and  among  these  is  "  the  private 
memorandum  book  of  lord  Burgh- 
ley." 

Exclusively  of  the  larger  series, 
this  collection  of  manuscripts  com- 
prehends many  valuable  works  on 
different  subjects,  in  British  His- 
tory, Topography,  and  Jurispru* 


dence,  the  coDectdo^  is  portkolarly 
rich.  It  contains  a  beautiAiUy 
illuminated  manuscript  of  *^  Har- 
dyng's  Chronicle,"  as  it  was  pre* 
sented  by  its  author  to  Henry  otk« 
which  deserves  especial  notice.  It 
was  formeriy  sir  Robert  Cotton's^ 
and  it  differs  from  the  printed  copies 
of  the  Chronicles  (which  comedown 
to  Edward  4th's  time)  so  much,  as 
not  even  to  admit  of  collation- 
There  is  in  it,  also,  a  fhir  transcript 
of  the  "  Chronicle  of  Andrew  of 
Wyntown ;"  and  three  volumes  of 
original  correspondence,  the  first 
containing  letters  written  by  royal, 
noble,  and  eminent  persons  of 
Great  Britain,  from  the  time  of 
-Henry  6th  to  the  re^  of  his 
late  majesfy.  The  most  important 
document  in  the  other  two  volumes 
is,  the  memorable  letter  of  h/S^ 
Jane  Gray,  as  queen  of  England, 
to  the  marquis  of  Northampton, 
requiring  the  alliance  against 
what  she  calls  "  the  fayned  and 
untrewe  elayme  of  the  lady  Maxy, 
-bastard  daughter  to  our  great  umse 
Henry  tV  eight  of  famous  Mci* 
morye."  There  is  lycewise  a  vsda- 
able  '*  treatise  on  the  court  of  star 
chamber,  written  in  die  time  of 
king  James  1st,  and  king  Charles 
Ist,  by  WilHam  Hudson,  esq.,  of 
Gray's  Inn."  In  bibtical  learning 
the  eolketion  contains  two  volumes 
of  particular  interest.  One  is  *a 
fine  manuscript  of  part  of  the  old 
Testament,  in  En^nh,  as  trans* 
lated  by  Widiffe;  the  other  is  a 
vi^ume  el^nnti^  written  on  vel- 
lum, and  munmated,  oontaiaiiig 
part  of  a  French  Bible,  tramlatca 
by  Raoul  de  Presle,  or  Pnelles^  at 
the  command  of  Charles  5^  of 
France-— a  vendon  of  extreme 
rarity  even  in  that  country.  There 
ate  also  some  fine  claanoal  maan- 
scripts ;  amongst  them  %fac»smiU 
of  the  celebrated  Virnl  in  tiie 


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«ae^    ANNUAL    REGISTER,  1823. 


VaAtoM  Vknrj,  made  by  fiartdi, 
in  1642«    In  poe^,  beiddes  two 
lieautiful  manqacripts  of  the  15th 
oentury,  on  velluiD,  one  contain- 
ing  the  ^'Sonnets  of  Petrarch," 
the  other  the  "  Comedia  of  Dante/' 
Ihwe  is  a  very  fair  and  perfect 
flogr,    alflo   on  TeUum,    m    the 
f'  Canterbury  Talea''  of  Chaucer, 
.written  about  the  reign  of  Henry 
Mh ;  in  the  initial  letter  of  which 
ia  a  full4ength  portrait  of  the 
author.    Likewise  a  volume,  partly 
on  vellum  and  partly  on  paper, 
being  ^'  a  coUeotion  d  the  poems 
of  John  Lydj^ate,  monk  of  Bury/' 
many  of  which  have  never  been 
printed ;  and  an  unpublished  poem, 
by  Skelton,  intituled  ''  The  Image 
of  Ypocresye/'  believed  to  be  the 
author^s  autogra;^.    There  is  also 
*a  volume  containing  20  very  inter- 
esting *'  treatises  on  music,"    of 
.the  16th  century,   originally  b^ 
longing  to  John  Wylde,  precentor 
of   Waltham  Abbey,  and  afta^ 
wards  to  Thomas  Tallys,  organist 
to  Henry  8th ;  a  manuscript  vo- 
4ume  thkt  has  been  particularly 
•noticed  and  commentcKl  upon  l^ 
sir  John  Hawkins  and  Dr.  Bumey, 
in  their  reqpectivehistories  of  music. 
Herald^  Co^<?.— The  Commis- 
sion for  examining  into  the  state 
of  the  public  recc^  of  the  king- 
.  dom,  has  pointed  out  the  insecure 
condition  of  the  Heralds'  Office  or 
College  of  Arms.    His  majesty's 
.eommissLonera,  in  their  report  of 
1819^  declared,  that  the  office  xe- 
quirad  to  be  removed  speedily  into 
aome  public  building,  or  that  the 
present  one  should  be   rendered 
more  secure  ftom  fat.    Various 
proceedings  took  place,  in  oorre»- 
pottdence,  mesnorials,  &g.,  between 
the  officers  of  tbeHcralds'  coU^, 
gofcmneot,     &c,    but   nothing 
was  decided  upon.    According  to 
AicuneBtf  BOW  pukiidiwd  by  90^ 


put* 
Anas 


thodty  of  parliawwiti  1$. 
that  the  kings,  heralds, 
suivant^  of  tbs  coQ^^  of 
(by  their  memorial  ii 
a^eed  to),  represented,  thatth* 
building,  in  whidi  thdr  reeoida 
are  preserved,  was  not  only  fislHac 
fast  to  decay,  but  in  ofmshmt  acni 
imminent  danger  from  fiie,  iiuM- 
much  as  a  sugar-house,  the  tbnben 
of  which  are  actually  inserted  in 
the  walls  of  the  college,  inmv' 
diately  adjoins  the  library,  and 
there  is  no  party-wall  between  the 
buildings.  Though  the  n^al  ooaa* 
msaumers,  by  personal  mi^iectiQat 
ascertained  that  it  was  aeeesHuy 
to  remove  the  college  into  aome 
pubHc  building,  or  to  secure  it 
amnst  the  extreme  peril  of  fire  to 
vniich  it  was  exposed,  nothing 
could  be  done.  The  Cht^pter  %gm 
memoriaHxed  the  government,  r^ 
presenting  that  the  decay  of  the 
building  had  increased  ao  rapidly 
as  to  render  it  even  an  unsafe  res^ 
denoe  to  those  officers  who  inhabit 
certidn  parts  of  it;  and,  in  parti* 
cukr,  they  had  observed,  that  some 
of  the  library  presses  had  sunk 
considerably,  and  that  the  boob 
contained  in  them  were  sufferiia^ 
from  damp.  They  seaxched  far 
die  cause,  and  diey  discovered  thai 
the  north  wall  had  become  ao 
Tuinous  as  to  render  it  neceaaory 
to  lay  a  great  part  of  it  bare,  by 
taking  down  three  of  the  saU 
ptesBcs,  and  they  were  in  eons^ 
quence  obliged  to  remove  soeae 
hundred  volumes  of  manuacripn, 
which  were  contained  in  theB» 
into  the  hall,  whidi  is  the  puUk 
passage  to  the  office.  They  also 
forwarded  memorials,  with  IDce  re- 
presentations, to  the  duke  of  Nor- 
fi^  as  Ead  Maniial  of  England. 
The  building  remaining  aul  the 
aame,  tke  memorialists  again  di* 
l«eted  attention  to  this  Subject 


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ifSSH^ 


'tiqr  iul,  Aejr  hoped  tbey  had,  l^r 
itittir  dmce  under  met  aerett 
"WtunPB,  shown  the  dcAtt  potient* 
If  to  ftwtffit  Aich  measures  as  the 
Sill  Maxshal  of  Enj^uid,  or  the 
(uvefiinieiity  mght  reconnnend ; 
<Eut,  tiiey  added,  that  a  circumstance 
Ittd  occurred  which  compelled 
lliem  to  implore  attmtion  to  the 
'liatard  to  which  the  puhlic  trea** 
mxre  of  records,  (^  which  thejr 
liad  ibe  custody,  were  continually 
CQcpoaed,  hy  the  erection  and  use 
jfif  a  steam-engine  of  considerahle 
ftvoe  in  the  sugar-house. 

The  Secretary  of  State  for  the 
liome  department  heretipon  had 
At  oonditiim  of  the  College  of 
Arms  investigated  by  the  surveyw: 
<»f  the  Phcenix  Fire-office.  He 
imorted  that  the  apartments,  in 
-which  are  deposited  the  records, 
iBcbot  upon  the  sugar  refinery  of 
Alderman  Smith,  which  is  also  an 
^ancient  building,  &c ;  and  that  if 
the  d^t  of  records  in  question  is 
considered  an  object  of  national 
Importance,  the  present  building 
^  no  means  possesses  the  security 
Irequisite  for  such  purposes. 

Lord  Sidmouth,  previously  to 
9iis  qtdtting  office,  directed  the 
case  to  be  considered  by  the  lords 
xsf  the  Treasury,  and  the  case  is 
now  under  special  consideration. 
The  difficulty  has  been,  to  select  a 
|;ood  situation  for  the  site  of  a 
building  for  the  Heralds'  College  ; 
and  it  is  in  discussion  between  the 
Treasury  and  the  Crown  Lands 
Revenue  department,  to  allot  n 
piece  of  ground  in  the  King's 
Mews  for  such  a  College,  the  new 
building  to  be  in  a  line  with,  and 
to  accord  with,  the  great  improve- 
ments in  Cocltspur-street,  PaU- 
malL  &c. 

Ntft  Ckurches,--^The  third  an* 
teual  report  of  the  commissioners 
for  building  new  churches^  was 


vreaented  to  parliament,  and  ms 
dered  to  be  pnnted,  the  day  befbra 
the  dose  of  tihe  session.    The  fbl- 
lowing  is  an  abstract  of  its  coll«- 
tents  :'^It  commences  by  a  brief 
recapitulation  of  the  report  made 
in  the  preceding  year,  mm  whioh 
it  appears  that  m  the  interval  be* 
tween  the  two,  ten  new  churches 
had   been  completed  capable   of 
affoiditig  accommodation  to  4,0S1 
persons  in  pews,    and  to  9>9^ 
poor  pemons  in  free  seats.     Stk 
of  these  ten  had  been  already  con- 
lecrated.      The  report  then  pro- 
ceeds to  detail  what  progress  had 
heen  made  since    the    preceding 
year.  From  this  and  the  schedules 
annexed,    we    kam    that    nine 
churches  had    been   consecrated; 
that  the  number  already  built  can 
afford  accommodation  to  7>ll6^per- 
Sons  in  pews,  and  to  14,399  hs 
free  seats.  The  number  of  churches 
or  chapels,  the  building  of  which 
is  now  in  progress,  is  44.      Of 
these  the  far  greater  part  will  be 
of  the  Gothic  order ;    some  with 
tower  and  pinnacles;  some  wiih 
tower  and  spire ;  and  some  with 
tower  only.    There  are  to  be  a 
iew  of  the  Doric,  Corinthian,  and 
Ionic  ordere.     The  whole  wDl  be 
"capable  of  affin'ding  accommoda- 
tion  to  54,563  persons  in  peWs, 
and  to  39,842  in  free  seats.     The 
contracts  for  building  them  (in- 
cluding incidental    expenses   and 
commission)  amounts  to  498,681/. 
1 8*.  4c/.,  or,  in  round  numbers,  to 
half  a  million  sterling.    Speciific 
grants  have  been  made  for  4  of 
them  amounting  to  about  30,000/. 
Of  the  44  thus  ih  progress,  it  is 
stated  that  12  will  be  finished  in 
the  course  of  the  present  year ;  S7 
in  the  year  1824,  and  5  in  the  year 
1825.     In  addition  to  these,  it  ap- 
pears that  plans  for  churches  or 
chapels  in  nine  patisbes  have  bee^ 
X*  2 

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aat*     ANJ^UAL   REGISTER,    1823. 


apfiTOTed  of^  but  the  vfcxla  liave 
not  yet  commenced.  These  will 
be  capable,  of  affording  accommo- 
dation to  5,54^  in  pews^  and  to 
5,1^5  in  free  seats.  The  estimated 
expense  is  42>040t  7s.  Sd*  Speci- 
fic grants  have  been  given  towards 
the  erection  of  3  of  them,  to  the 
amount  of  8,555/.  lis.  Id  Plans 
for  the  erection  of  1 6  new  churches 
or  chapels  were  before  the  boaxd 
ef  commissioners,  and  not  decided 
upon  when  the  report  was  laid  be- 
fore the  House.  These,  it  is  said, 
will,  if  adopted,  afford  accommo- 
dation to  11,321  persons  in  pews, 
and  to  14,139  in  free  seats.  The 
estimated  expense  moII  be  206fiOQL 
1 3s.  5d.  Grants  have  been  made 
by  the  board  for  5  of  them  amount- 
ing to  34,553/.  There  are  besides 
1£  places  in  which  it  is  intended 
to  build  new  churches  or  chapels, 
of  which  the  plans  had  not  been 
received  by  the  commissioners  at 
the  date  of  the  report.  These,  it 
was  thought,  would  be  able  to  ac- 
commodate 9>900  in  pews,  and 
.8,600  in  free  seats.  The  probable 
expense  will  be  about  90,000/.  If 
the  .44  churches  now  in  progress, 
and  those  decided  upon  and  in  con- 
templation, be  fini^ed,  they  will 
be  capable  of  affording  accommo- 
dation to  (>8i442  persons  in  pews, 
and  to  82,105  in  free  seats. — 
total,  150,547.  The  estimated 
expense  of  the  whole  is  834,921/. 
lls»  gd.  The  dioceses  in  which 
these  new  buildings  will  be  situat- 
ed, and  the  number  in  each,  are 
thus  given: — In  the  diocese  of 
London,  24 ;  in  that  of  Chester, 
19;  York,  15;  Winchester,  9; 
Litchfield  and  Coventry,  6;  Wor- 
cester, 2;  Durham,  2;  Bristol, 
Lincoln,  and  Rochester,  1  each. 
(This  does  not  include  the  churches 
already  competed.)  In  order  to 
show  that  the  applications  for  ad- 


ditional chniches  were  not  j 
cnminately  complied  with,  tiie 
commissioners  add  to  Uieir  rcpatt 
a  list  of  25  parishes  or  parts  ef 
parishes,  from  which  appUcatiaa 
for  f urdier  church  accammodaftkia 
had  been  made,  ''but  which,"  to 
use  the  words  of  the  xeport, 
"  owing  to  the  engagements  j 
on  the  parliamentary  fund,  his  i 
jesty's  commissioners  have 
under  ^  necessity  of  rgecdsg; 
and  a  great  many  other  pariAw 
have  been  deterred  from  joakdag 
similar  i^lications,  being  aware 
^lat  for  the  same  reason  tlt^  mnatL 
prove  unsucoessfuL"  The  present 
church  acconunodation  aifoided  in 
the  25  places  from  which  tlw« 
applications  have  been  iece^ved,is 
enough  for  39,9^6  persons^  b«t 
the  population  amounts  to  311,589. 
The  Exchequer  bills,  which  ham 
been  issued  by  the  coaunisaanen 
up  to  the  present  time,  amount  lo 
the  sum  of  257,45?/.  The  ad- 
vances consist  of  spedfic  nsnts  xl 
cases  which  require  it.  In  other 
instances,  advances  are  made  to 
the  parishes  by  way  of  loan,  to  he 
repaid  without  interest  in  a  guran 
time,  varying  from  two  to  sewn 
years. 

Paris  in  its  Civic  rdatioas^^ 
SomestatitiscalreseaivhesregBrdi^g 
the  city  of  Paris  and  the  dqisrt- 
ment  of  the  Siene,  have  been  pob- 
lidied  by  order  of  M.  de  Chahral, 
the  prefect.  The  following  cir- 
cumstances axe  some  of  the  most 
interesting  that  they  cxmtain  :— 

The  city  of  Paris  pays  annually 
to  the  state  81,000,000  hmncs— € 
sum  equal  to  half  the  revenue  of 
the  whole  kingdom  of  the  Nether* 
lands.  Of  this  sum  28,000,000 
are  paid  in  direct,  and  19,000,000 
in  indirect  taxes ;  16,000,000  sie 
received  for  crown  prop^y,  sels 
of     registration     and     stamp; 


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ANTIQUITIES,  &c.  3a5» 


6,060,000  are  derived  from  tlie 
lottery;  5^000,000firom  the  gaming- 
bouses,  and  4,000,000  from  the 
post-office.  Each  individual,  taHng 
the  population  at  713,000  souls, 
pays  114  franks ;  and  without  the 
gamine-houses,  106  francs. 

Pans  under  the  principal  rela- 
tions of  fmance  and  political  eco- 
nomy, is  a  tenth  of  the  whole  of 
"Prance. 

The  numher  of  houses  and  chim- 
neys on  fire  in  Paris  is  as  follows: 
Chimnies  on  fire.    Hoases  on  fire. 

In  1818— 514 133 

1819—524 148 

1820—681 170 

Tbe  value  of  the  different  build- 
ings insured  by  the  company  for 
mutual  insurance  is  860,000,000 
francs.     There  are  five  other  com- 
panies.    The  ocnrps  of  firemen  con- 
nsts  of  568  men.     The  damage 
SMtained  by  fire  every  year  is  upon 
an  are^rage  one  twenly-three-thou- 
sandth  part  of  the  value  of  the 
iMmses.'    Paris  contains  560  bakers, 
$65  bntchem,  ^65  porj^-butchers, 
927  restaurateurs,  innkeepers,cooks, 
and  chophouse-keepers,  325  pastry- 
eooks,  eustard-mal^ers,  and  confec- 
tioners, 2,333  retail  dealers  in  wine, 
1,466  retail  grocers,  1,767  fruit- 
erers,   many   of  whom  are  also 
ttavdeners,  281  corn-chandlers,  787 
Mmonade-sdlers,  416  brandy-mer- 
ehants,  52  milkmen,  &c.     In  all, 
9,761  dealers  in  articles  of  susten- 
ance for  human  life.     There  are 
bendes  1,749  milk-women,  stand- 
ing in  the  public   streets.     The 
women  who  have  shdtered  stalls 
in  the  market-places  and  public 
streets  are  about  3,000  in  number. 
(    The  month  in  which  most  deaths 
occur  is  April ;  that  in  which  the 
least  occur,  July.     In  the  order  of 
mortality,  the  calendar  will  run 
thus:— 'April,  March,    February, 
.}Uj,  Jaauary,  Pecemberi  JuQe, 


September,    October,    November, 
August,  and  July. 

The  number  of  deaths  in  April 
is  in  comparison  to  that  in  July  as 
16  to  11. 

The  following  numbers  estaUikh 
the  estimate  of  the  difference  be- 
tween the  months,  as  regards  the 
mortality  of  each;  vix,: — April, 
l63 ;  March,  158 ;  February,  153  ; 
May,  149;  January,  147;  D^ 
cember,  130;  June,  129;  Sep- 
tember, 125;  October,  123;  No- 
vember, 122;  August,  120;  and 
July,  116. 

-  According  to  the  estimate  ti 
the  deaths  during  the  years  1819 
to  1821,  in  which  the  distinction 
of  age  and  sex  was  established,  it 
is  remarked  that  mortality  among 
males,  up  to  the  age  €i  25  years, 
is  greater  than  among  females,  and 
that  from  this  age  up  to  50,  ^ere 
die  more  women  than  men.  It  is 
reckoned  that  more  women  than 
men  arrive  at  advanced  age. 

In  the  year  1821,  348  suicides 
were  effected  or  attempted :  in 
244  of  these  cases,  death  ensued. 
Of  this  number,  236  were  men. 
The  presumed  motives  for  suicides 
were— 

Amorous  passions    •     35 

Alienation  of  mind,  domestic 
troubles,  and  painful  afflic- 
tions   • .  • .  126 

Debauchery,  losses  by  gam- 
bling, the  lottery,  &&••••     43 
Indigence,  loss  of  place,  de- 
rangement of  affiiirs    •  •  •  •     46 
Feaf  of  reproach  and  punish- 
ment      • 10 

Unknown  motives 88 

Thirty-three  suicides  have  been 
effected  by  severe  i^luntary  (alls, 
38  by  strangulation,  25  by  cutting 
instruments,  &c.,  60  by  means  of 
fire-arms,  23  hj  poison,  42  as* 
phyides  by  charcoal  vapour,  mi, 
127  by  ^#ning. 


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^*-  ANNWAL  REGISTER,  1823. 


Knights  of  Jk£iilto.~Dtmng  tbe 
pendency  of  the  negotuUion  a  a . 
loin  to  the  aorereign  order  of  St. 
John  ci  Jcnualem^  the  fdlowing 
circumstances  were  stated  with  re- 
spect to  the  actual  situation  of  the 
cvder. 

Accoiding  to  the  statutes  of  the 
oider^  the  supreme  power  is  vested 
in  the  General  Chapter,  wluch  is 
coii^x)sed  of  a  dignitary  of  each 
tongue  or  nation,  who  are  the 
representatiyes  or  general  attomies 
oT  the  whole  hody.  The  Grand 
Master  alone  has  two  voices,  the 
Lieutenant  but  one.  At  the  pre- 
sent time  there  is  no  Grand  Master, 
hot  a  Lieutenant  of  the  Grand 
Master,  Antonio  Busca,  Grand 
9ailly  of  Armenia,  now  in  Aus- 
tria, on  the  business  of  the  order 
in  that  country,  with  the  Ambassa- 
dor of  the  Older  at  Vienna,  the 
Bailly  Miari.  The  Knight  Vela, 
Vice-Chancellor,  is  at  Catania. 
After  the  taking  of  Malta,  the 
ofaiefs  of  thd  tongues  or  nations 
retired  to  their  respective  prioriet 
and  commandaries ;  and  continued, 
according  to  the  statutes,  to  regu- 
kte  the  internal  affiurs  of  the 
Tongues ;  and  as  the  dispersion  of 
the  Knights  required  a  central 
government,  the  General  Chapter 
assembled  in  France  on  the  26ui  of 
M$tyj  1814,  under  the  presidency 
of  Prince  Camille  de  Return, 
Grand  Prior  of  Aquitaine,  for  the 
election  of  a  permanent  Ci^itulary 
Commission,  until  possession  should 
be  obtmned  of  a  seat  for  die  knights 
of  the  Order,  that  may  represent 
the  Chi^ptets  of  the  Tongues,  and 
the  Provincial  Clusters  of  the 
Grapd  Priories,  which  assembled 
only  twice  a  year.  This  commis- 
sion was  invested  with  all  the  fa- 
culties and  powers  which  were  ex- 
enased  by  the  genenl  ch^iters 
and  assemblies  of  the  Tongues  and 


Nations  of  Pn^veAco^  _ 

France,  Castile  weA  IVrtagri, 
AriBgon  and  Leon  ;  the  lepiomu 
tativei  of  which  rcaided  ibcmerij 
at  the  principal  seat  oi  tiie  order 
at  Malta;  the  govemmeql  beteg 
thus  conoentrtt^  in  Ais  pervM- 
nent  difl^;>ter  which  ioduded  a 
representadpn  of  the  Italiaa  mA 
German  tcmgues,  \ff  faults  »• 
lected  from  uose  tongues,  or  from 
others,  in  confonnity  toUie  atatatcs 
This  diapter  is  empowered  to  tmt 
on  political,  civil,  and  finanrial 
affidrs.  The  Beilliey  de  Luteyne, 
grand  prior  of  Auv^ergne,  is  [veai- 
dent  The  Commander  Beitiand 
de  MolriUe,  the  kni^t  Pe^re 
de  Chafeeuanenf,  the  lan^  da 
Dienne,  receiver  of  the  ruWie 
Treasury  and  attorney-general  of 
the  late  grandmaster,  ore  the  eoBi» 
missioners  and  general  aliuiueya 
of  the  different  Tongues ;  and  ike 
Marquis  of  St  Croix  Mobix  is 
the  chancellor. 

The  actud  number  of  die  kai^^ 
is  1453,  composed  of  CathoB0i» 
Protestants,  am  members  of  dia 
Greek  Church.  There  ai«  4,000 
applicants,  who,  on  paying  tiieir 
respective  fbes,  will  nuni^  a  flcm 
of  twelve  millions  of  ^ncs,  to 
the  treasury  of  tlie  order.  It  fit 
not  to  be  imagined  that  liie  leve* 
nues  and  existence  of  the  order, 
when  it  had  its  seat  of  GoveraBKBt 
at  Malta,  were  dependent  on  the 
possession  of  that  idand.  By  Ar 
the  greatest  part  of  the  igfeaue 
was  derived  from  the  pOBscwiuui  of 
the  order  in  France,  Spain,  Portu- 
gal, Italy;  Austria,  Bavaria,  and 
other  parts  of  Germany,  Rossia, 
and  Poland;  it  arose  f^om  the 
estates  called  Commsnderies,  m 
which  each  commander  had  only  a 
Wt  interest,  and  was  oMiged  to 
oDiitrUMite  a  certain  part  td  tie 
ooounoD    treamiry    of  the  oiifi. 


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AKTICUlTIIg,  $K. 

Ml»mim/ik^  i^W^ts  fMOm      d^«M »•    iMKO^a 

cmtn)Mim>  flslM  monogyy,  va»  «  i»»n. 

4tM  to  tb«  9iid^j  vrUob,  iMwides^  Aiil9uat(rftbei»vcniie 
rmm^mmt^jpmsiikidtmt$  mmily  peid  far 
pf  ti^  6ftl  j|u}M^ti/wl  y^tf  of  n^fwmmu  into  the 
esM»»  ip  tibiat  fim^tuvi.       Tb«        treaauiy  of  tko  er* 

adwid  Pf    M9lt»  produDed  Uttk       der   « %M6,lU 

rp¥«D}i»;  («  th^  olh^  Iwnd  it  AMimtof  tl|endrtvb> 
GOMwed  thf  If v^mig  |7»n»9itt^  aiie«^  aad  various 
fiqm  tbo  otbir  jp^rts  of  Europo^  in  pdbor  dues  aani^aUir 
Xk^  9iq^s«es  of  t]ie  Gov«miiieot        raei^ived    into    tb 

and.  th^  ,ixioint<^MiT|op  of  ^  for*        treasury    1,5A5;0QI 

4£catio0««   i}iips  pf     w«r^    «id  i  wu, 

Iwopn^  Aetutl  ampuot  of  the 

The  641aw»of  19  ft  dotftikd  ireyenu^EeaeirfidiiVf 
MMttRt  4^  tb»  mreiiiio  of  liie  to  t^  genoral  tasft^ 
©•dffr  c-r  wry  of  the  order , .     S/HgO/fH 

Fmaoi.        Amuj^  income  fmm. 
Tb#  t<H«l  jrevionifte  of  tfae  Cvmts  iQ  Fnmce 

tho   CoHMOgnderiM  belonging    to    the 

ifjftWfifiy  ttQiwiftfed  ocdttr'  (valnfid     at 

fte^#.*.»«.««*...  8^,778,764      ^§A9O,0OO    fnnes)      S7O,0«0 
DtidnctOie  total  wr&,  ...p.....,^ 

Ptt^iBfthoiaMauot-  Total..    4,660,778 

^railed  or   aola  hy  Pruidan  Um9er^ies.^^ln  di» 

diffirreai     GtPftm^  mmmix  of  |8£3,  the  wiviBrsity  of 

memiB  ##«.••....  10,161,7Sd     Berlin  had  l,182  8tudttits;  Bonn^ 
3K.m  ■  -J-.    ^1;  Bradau,  539;  Ha^e,  866; 
ToAal   of  the  ammal  Kcnnsherg,  959c   the  mindber  at 

flereauo   atffl    pos*  GriesswaUe  ^  }inknown.      Tke 

aettttd^thcm....  15,&26,946    tolalntjtmfaer  of  students  in  Pni0|ia, 
■  .  .1 1...  M   ..     in   182S,  was   }^i$6  students  of 
The    it$poHtkms    or  theology  (19^  on^  being  Catiio- 

laMrtrrhiiHions    ieom  Hcs)  ;  ],oi^  in  law ;  6H  in  medi- 

the  aiiMre  wv^nue,  eine ;  ^B  in  fdiilosophy  and  phi- 

£MBuar^  paid    an^  lokgy.       Those    at    Gxiessw^ldo 

auaUf  into  the  trea*  were  but  £9W. 

amy  of  dxeoider  .•    9,6$9^6        Sweden  4md  Norma^.^-^  ra^ 
DiiMiBt    the    annnal  of    Sweden  and    Korwi^,    oon- 

rispomooas  of  the  atrncted  by  Hagektam  in  1829, 

jxirnnywdfTs  or  pas*  ifom  official  doconents,   pwseata 

aaasioBs  of  iiie  or-  thie  fbUowing  results: 

E«t$^  JA  Swedish  wles  (104  to  a  df^Bee)^...  S,871      M^ 

P^ptilat^  in  1815, ••* 2,465,066  886,4711 

Nwibir  ^parishes  and  dmrchea,  ......««••  ^,400         649 

Mijyttarr  fonee  by  land, n6,569    S^,a00 

MAljtaiy  faw  l^  joa,   . 28,739 

B^pJWonof  both,,...... -...  5,351,536 

Bwcnt^jg^^j^    ditto, 294,000 

Digitized  by  LjOOQIC 


ANftUAt  5mGtt»ri;K,/1828- 


retmnu  From  the  official  state- 
nieiitpubli8hedbytheS3mod(wliieh 
however  iodudes  only  the  mem- 
hers  of  the  Russian  Greek  ehurch) 
it  i^ppean  that  m  the  year  1820, 
^ere  were m the  wholeeminre— * 
Bmcn,  males,  82797^9;  femaloB^ 
742,670— total  1,570,399-  Died— 
males,  467,683 ;  females,  44^,997 
—total  917,680—Excessof  births, 

652,719. 

The  Inrths  were  48,365  more 
than  in  the  year  1819 ;  yet  not- 
withstanding the  increase  of  popu- 
lation, the  deaths  were  1,429  fewer 
than  in  1819-  The  deaths  of 
male  children  under  five  years  of 
age  were  243,029 ;  being  above 
one  half  of  the  whole.  Among 
the  males  who  died  in  the  same 
year  (the  ages  of  the  females  are 
not  stated),  807  had  attained  an 
age  ctf  above  100  years ;  301, 105 ; 
143,110;  78,115;  41,120;  14, 
125;  7,  130;  4,135;  1,  between 
140  and  145. 

The  greatest  number  of  those 
who  attained  the  age  of  above 
ninety  years,  in  proportion  to  the 
popuUition,  was  in  the  govern- 
ments of  Tambof^  Kaluga,  and 
Kasan;  the  fewest  in  Archangel, 
Woronesch,  and  the  Ukraine.  In 
the  go^':emments  of  St.  Peters- 
burg, Moscow,  Archau^l,  and 
MoMew,  no  person .  attamoL  the 
age  of  a  hundred  years.  It  is  to 
be  observed,  that  if  we  except  the 
ten  first  years  of  infancy,  the 
greatest  mortality  takes  plsMce  be- 
tween the  ages  of  sixty  and  sixty- 
five  ;  for  in  this  period  the  deaths 
of  the  male  sex  were  17,460;,  that 
is,  the  27th  part  of -the  whi^e. 
ITie  marriages  were  .  ^17,805, 
being  22,470  fewer  than  In  181  p. 
In  9t  Petersburg,  in  1821,. the 
number  of  births  was  .8,504;  in- 
eluding,  however,  the    Catholic^ 


Liitenm,  and  other  i 

-^  number  of  deadis  was  9y70& 


m  9§6.di  whidi,  Latin  it  tao^ 
and  in  21,  Gieek  and  Bfaetnrie; 
in  27,  Philosophy,  natmal  soi  aw 
ral. — At  Cmmbra,  Uiere  iaaviii- 
versity,  directed  by  six  of  the  fii* 
culty,  and  a  preparatory  college 
for  students. — ^The  univeraity  and 
college  together  contain,  annoaQr, 
from  1,280  to  1,600  students.  In 
1819,  all  these  establishments  were 
attended  by  31,401  pupils.  Be- 
sides these  national  irotituiawM, 
there  are  several  others  ysfkeare 
youth  are  educated  for  paitinilar 
profe8sion8,-^-«uch  as  the  Manae 
and  Commoceial  AiadrminB  at 
Porto,  which  oonlatined  SIS  da- 
dents  in  1820;  and  the  Aeatany 
at  Lisbon,  in  which  then  w&c 
315  students^in  1821.  The  Com- 
mercial Academy  at  Lasbon  is  at- 
tended annually  by  150  pupils. 
In  the  same  aty  there  are,  ^Le 
RaytA  College  of  Ndslea,  the  Roy- 
al  Academy  for  the  'Arabian  laii- 
guage,  the  Royal  Sdiocd  of  Civil 
Architecture  and  Drawing,  a  Roy- 
al School  ftir  Sculpture,  anoliier 
for  Engraving,  an  Institstieo  for 
Music,  and  several  other  piiMic 
lustitutions  of  less  note.  The 
Military  Sdiod  for  mutual  instruc- 
tion, to  which  are  admitted  tl^ 
children  of  dtisens,  had  2,518 
scholars  in  1818,  and  itds  number 
has  much  increased  since,  l^e 
Royal  Academy  of  Scieaoes  at 
Lisbon  has  publidbed,  annuaHy, 
memoirs  not  less  learned  than  use- 
ful, on  every  hrandi  of  kmywledj^ 
'  The  Portuguexe  have  lately  farm- 
ed several  £teraiy  soeietiea,  amoog 
.  which  are.  The  Patriotic  litcnry 
Society,  and  the  Sodety  of  £n- 

•  couragement,  at  Lisbon.     The  an* 

•  nual  aven^  cf  books  printed  in 


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r^ 


ANTIQUITIES, '&if.v-     ^ttO» 


,^  Itelween  1805  and  1819; 

MBkmntt to ninel^-fbur.  Biitiib«r- 
^hof  omfeiwd  new  energicB  on 
tike  yooi  nd  genius  of  Ponngal ; 
aad  the  pnUiaitknn,  within  the 
two  kit  yean,  hcve  been  treUed^ 
lienilw  tbe  increaae  of  journals 
mmI  newspapers. 

Petition  of  Haydm> 
*'  To  the  Honourable  the  Commons 
of  the  United  Kingdom  of  Gitat 
,   Britain  and  Ireland,  in  Parlia- 
,   ment  assembled. 

*  '' The  humMe  petition  of  Benja- 
mm  Robert  Hi^don,  Historical 
Fainter,  late  of  LisKm-grove 
NoBdi,  now  in  the  King's-bench 


'Sfaewttth,— That  it  is  now 
aairen  years  sinee  the  committee  for 
Iks  purchaae  of  Elgin  marbles,  in 
disBiiWOTg  the  subject  of  their  de- 
UbemtioD, '  submitted  to  the  atten- 
tive consideration  of  the  house  h6w 
bi|^y  the  culdTation  of  the  Fine 
Alts  had  contributed  to  the  repu- 
tation, character,  and  di^ty  ci 
wtry  goTemment  by  which  they 
had  been  encouraged,  and  how  in- 
timately they  were  connected  with 
the  advancement  of  every  thing 
valnaUe  in  science  literature,  or 
art-' 

.  "  That  though  this  reoommen- 
datioa  of  'tiie  honourable  com- 
mittee excited  the  hopes  and  am- 
bition of  all  those  who  were  desi- 
rous of  seeing  their  country  distin- 
gnished  by  ezcrilence  in  the  arts, 
no  fnrUier  notice  has  been  taken 
of  the  subject ;  and  that,  imder 
the  sanctMn  of  this  recommend- 
adottyvour  petitioner  presumes  to 
hepe  tnat  permisnon  will  be  grant- 
ed to  him  to  bring  so  interesting  a 
subject  before  the  attention  of  your 
honourable  house. 

* ''  That  as  the  said  committee 
has  admitted  the  importanoeof  the 


arts  tb'ever^  >l^ing  valuable  in 
science  and  literature,  any  attempt 
to  prove  their  importance  to  a 
country  would  be  superfluous ;  but 
tikat,  in  additkm  to  the  benefits 
which  have  always  accrued  to  every 
nation  by  which  tiie  arts  have  been 
successfully  protected,  the  improve- 
ment of  its  manufactures  cannot 
be  denied  nor  overkoked.  TImt 
there  are  two  ways  in  which  your 
petitioner  presumes  to  think  a 
successful  excitement  to  the  genius 
of  the  country  towards  historical 
painting  could  be  given,  vi«.  tike 
puxthase  and  presentatien  of  pic- 
tures to  adorn  the  altars  of 
churches,  or  the  sidesof  pubHchaBs, 
and  die  employment  of  artists  of 
distinguished  reputation  to  produce 
them.  That,  were  such  an  ex- 
ample given  by  your  honourable 
house,  the  corporate  authorities  of 
the  most  distinmiished  towns  would 
immediately  fdlow  it,  as  they  are 
deing^and  have  done  with  r^ard 
to  the  encouragement  of  sculpture. 

"That  had  your*  hon.  house 
done  nothing  whatever  for  any 
art  or  science,  historioal  painting 
could  not  complain;  but  as  your 
hon.  house  has  for  50  years  bestd#- 
ed  the  most  liberal  patronage  on 
sculpture,  as  examples  have  been 
purchased  for  its  impit)vement,  and 
galleries  built  for  their  reception, 
your  petitioner  appeals  to  the  feel- 
ings of  justice  in  your  hon.  house, 
whether  the  Engli^  historical 
painters,  who,  without  one  public 
act  in  their  favotir,  have  rescued 
their  country  from  the  stigma  of 
incapacity  ^hich  so  long  hung 
over  it  in  the  opinion  of  foreign 
nations,  do  not  deserve  to  shi^ 
some  part  of  the  favour  of  your 
hon.  house  so  liberally  bestowed  on 
another  department. 

"That  were  there  no  pictures 
in  churches,  no  music,  or  no  sculp* 


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m^   ANNITAL  REOISTCt.  1823. 


itiiif  exdufium  intb   bet   aiatiHr 
Ititij  but  tbat  lu!  ioulpture,  and 
Wioe,  wid  paintiu  ar^  aclinitteJj 
^  u  uumy  of  the  hi^^ieet  ai^ 
thoriti^  w  ^  Cbuf  ob  b«ire  eiif 
pcaMtd  thfiir  ap^nobatian  at  sudb 
adviwWi  ymtr  pvHdtioper  eaniafU 
^   hopes   that   your  booouiaUe 
boiw  will  not  tUnk  it  a  iubject 
ov^r  wfakb  you  ou^t  to  have  no 
Qontnd.    Hat  most  of  the  hiatoii- 
cal   j^roduotiom   pamted   in  thifl 
QQUntiy,  by  wU^  its  vq^utation 
baa  beea  nu^edt  have  been  exoeu« 
tad*  not  ae  m  Itely  and  Gfeeoe, 
in  ooniequence  of  ^uxmragemanty 
but  in  ^te  of  difficulties.    That 
Barry   painted   tha  Adelphi   fi»r 
nothing;    that  Hogarth  adcamed 
tba  Foundling  for  nothing;  that 
Reynolds  dr^red  to  graee  St  Paul's 
by  bis  peneil,  and  ^  was  tefosed. 
'Hiat  histmcal  ipieHires  the  iBll 
sm  of   life    bainff    inadroiSHiblfl 
into  wivate  houses  mm  the  nature 
of    &6ir    eiLeeutien^    and    such 
pictures  being. the  only  ones  that 
neve  given  countries  their  feme, 
wbaie  art  has  flourished;  as  the 
leading  authorities  of  those  coun- 
tries were  idways  As  pateoas  of 
sufih  productions,  and  ftom  the  ex^ 
pense  attendant  on  their  executiim 
could  alone  be  so>  your  petitioner 
humbly    hopes    your  honourable 
house  will  not  thmk  it  beneath  its 
dignity  to   inteifiue,  and   by   a 
regular  distribution   of    a   small 
part  c^  the  public  wealth,  phtte 
histCHrioal  painting  and  its  professors 
on  a  levd  with  wose  of  the  other 
dcj^artments  of  the  arts. 

'^That  yoiur  petitioner  (if  he 
may  be  permitted  to  allude  to  his 
omi  niisfortttnes)>  has  devoted  19 
years  to  the  study  of  htstorical 
painting;  that  his psoductions have 
been  viwed  by  thoussnds  in  Eng- 
Isod  and  in  Scothmd ;  the*  he  has 
received  signs  of  regard  and  esti- 


mttien  finan  many  ef  tiia  mmk 
odebratal  man  in  Emope;  dMt 
the  day  after  he  was  impriseBed, 
he  was  ^reeled  by  a  dJstJBgniahai 
honour  mm  a  £pteijgii  acadeniy  f 
but  that  historioal  puturea  of  Am 
siie  of  lifc  being  ill.4idaplea  to 
private  patronage^  he  hss  baan 
overwheuned  by  the  immesise  ex« 
pense  of  such  undertaldngs.  That 
.  he  has  been  torn  fttnn  nia  home 
and  his  studies ;  and  all  the  mate- 
rials of  Itts  art^  collected  wi^  ihc 
greatest  care  fitmi  all  parts  of  the 
world,  the  savinn  and  aoenmula- 
tion of  his  life,  une  bean  siisui 
That  he  is  now  in  the  King's, 
bench,  sepurated  fsom  hia  finny 
yand  his  habits  of  employment,  ani 
will  hwtfe  to  bs^  life  agsii^  with 
his  jweipiBts  Uii^itod*  aisd  the 
means  kf  wUoh  aknn  he  eoold 
puBsue  his  art,  acattaiMd  and  da- 
stffojred. 

'' That  yanr  petsdoncr  pnQfn  yon 
would  taketheatnadonof  theaft 
into  your  oansidenitien,  oMire  «s- 
paoiaUy  at  a  lane  whan  isage  aoms 
asie  eoqpending  upon  the  caeetianof 
new  chnrches,  n  very  incansidar« 
aUeAMtianof  whidi  wwld  hn- 
prove  those  aacned  edifieesi,  and  sl^ 
fe^unUy  itnene  Ustoncs 
and  its  professors  horn 
pnescsKt  atoto  of  dJasaorageaent. 
And  he  humUy  prays  yon  to  ap» 
point  such  a  eommsfetee  aa  invcsd- 
gsfttti  the  flttb|not  of  the  £1^  asaiw 
Ues,  to  inqukeiatoihestaeeef  cn- 
coufagenieiy^ofhitoBrioal  painting, 
and  to  ascertain  die  best  methoi 
of  peeventing,  hy  snodesnte  and 
judftciotts  patnmage,  tlM 
devoto  their  lima  to  anch 
aUepuradSSySoesaentiail  (a 
cammittoe  has  afiimed)  «oi 
literatime,  and  art,  fmm 
their  days  in  prison  and 
gaaoe.  And  fiaur  frtkionar  ^M 
ever  paay*  In*  Sot. 


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(    3Bl»    V 


POETRY. 


STYRIAN  EVEMINO*HYMN  TO  THE  VIRGIN. 

Pnm  *^A  Tfur  mi  Cemttn^  ttnd  99me  ff  M#  Smttkam  Prtmmcei  (/  tk^ 
Amtrkm  Empif^*" 

FADING,  sItQ  fading,  tlM  last  beam  IP  diiaiBg ; 
Are  Maria !  day  is  dedining. 
Safety  and  innoaeooa  fy  wiSi  tlw  Ug^t, 
Temptation  md  danger  walk  forth  with  tha  night ; 
From  the  fall  of  the  shade,  dU  the  matin  shall  sUme, 
Shield  us  from  dan^»  aoii  aare  na  tnm  wkmn 
Ave  Maria !  audi  noa. 

Aye  Maria !  hear  wbim  wa  eall^ 
Mother^  him^  who  is  hrodier  tt  aU : 
Feeble  and  failW,  we  trust  in  thy  might ; 
In  doubting  and  mrhness,  thy  lam  be  our  li|^ ; 
Let  us  sleep  on  thy  bicaat,  while  the  wj^it-taper  bums. 
And  wahe  m  tUae  arms,  when  the  moxMng  lalnais. 
Ave  Maria  1  aodt  nos. 


HOPE  AND  MEMORY. 
/>(M  ^mmna  JMi^M  ColtectioH  pf  P^tm^* 

HOPS. 

Nay,  rister,  what  hast  thou  to  boast 

Of  joy  ?  a  poor  reciter  thou^ 
Whose  happiest  thought  is  but  the  gbpst 

Of  some  past  pleasure  vanish'd  now. 
When  better  things  m^y  not  be  found. 

By  sad  reflectiiig,  weary  men. 
They  on  thy  rec(H*ds  lo(^  around, 

TW  only  ibeadj  and  only  fhan. 


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ANNUAL  REGISTER,    1823. 

Then  on  delist  for  ever  fled 

They  cast  a  melancholy  view. 
Where,  as  on  pictures  of  the  dead. 

The  Hkeness  makes  the  sorrow  true. 
But  could'st  thou  from  thy  page  effiu:e 

What  brings  r^ret,  remorse,  or  shame. 
Nor  all  our  wandering  steps  retrace. 

Then  mortals  might  endure  thy  name. 

MBMOBT. 

And  what  art  thou,  vain  Hope  ?  a  dieat : 

^or  didst  thou  ever  promise  make, 
Thateither  time  did  not  defeat 

Or  some  intruding  evil  break? 
Or  say  that  chance  has  prov'd  thee  true. 

The  expected  joy  shaU  be  thy  own ; 
No  sooner  comes  the  good  in  view. 

But  Hope  herself,  is  lost  and  gone. 

Soon  as  the  hq>'d*for  thin^  appears, 

That  was  with  such  delight  pursued, , 
,      Another  aspect  then  it  wears, 

And  is  no  more  the  fancied  eood. 
So  'tis  in  dreams,  men  keenly  3me 

A  something  lov'd,  desir'd,  caress'd  ; 
They  overtake,  and  then  embraoe 

That  which  they  loathe,  defuse,  deteit 

True,  sister,  true !  in  every  ase 
/  .  Will  men  in  thy  delusions  ^re ; 

And  thou  a  lasting  war  wilt  wage 

With  Wisdom's  joy  and  Iteasoa's  care. 
Who  comes  to  thee  ?  the  rash,  the  bold. 

The  dreaming  bard,  the  sighing  youth : 
For  what  ?  for  fame,  for  love,  for  gold. 

And  they  receive  thy  tales  for  truth. 

Emmas  and  Lauras  at  thy  shrine 

Attend,  and  deem  thy  answers  true. 
And,  calling  Hope  a  power  divine. 

Their  Cwydons  and  Damons  view. 
And  girls  at  schod  and  bbys  at  taw. 

Seduced  by  thy  delusive  skill. 
Think  li£s  is  love,  and  love  is  law. 

And  they  may  choose  just  whom  they  wilL 

HOPS. 

Say  is  not  mine  the  early  hold 
On  Qian  ?  whose  heart  I  make  my  ofwn 


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p  o  E  T  E  y. 


.    * 


And,  long  e'er  thy  doll  tale  be  iqU; 

I  bear  turn  fordi  to  worlds  uxJu)i0Wft. 
Before  the  mind  can  trust  to  ihee«    .'     ) 

4nd  slowly  gain  thy  heavy  stoff^ 
It  trairals  far  and  wide  with  me,  i 

My  worlds  and  wonders  to  exphne* 

> 

Thou  lend'st  him  help,  to  read,  to  sffiH, 

His  progress  slow,  his  efforts  mean : 
1 1^  him  in  my  realms  to  dwells 

To  win  a  throne,  to  wed  a  queen. 
How  could  he  bear  the  pedant's  frown,   ' 

That.  {nAu  the  sad  bewildered  boy. 
Or  hear  sudi  words  as  verb  and  noun. 

But  for  my  tales  of  love  and  joy  ? 

MEHOBT. 

True,  to  thy  fairy  world  he  eoes,  : 

And  there  his  terms  he  idly  keeps. 
Till  Truth  breaks  in  on  his  repose. 

And  then  for  past  neglect  he  weqpt. 
What,  if  we  rant  the  heart  is  thine 

Of  rash  and  unreflecting;  youth. 
How  is  it  in  his  life's  dechne. 

When  truth  is  heard  and  only  truths 

On  me  the  quiet  few  rely,       -  '     \ 

For  Memory's  store  is  certain  gain ; 
For  aid  to  thee  |he  wretched  fly. 

The  poor  resource  of  grief  and  pain* 
My  friends  like  la  wful  traders  deal  • 

With  just  accounts,  with  real  views ; 
But  thine  as  bsing  gamesters  feel. 

Who  stake  the  more  the  more  they  lose. 

HOPB. 

And  they  are  right,  for  thus  employ'd 

They  fall  not  to  disease  a  prey ; 
Thus  every  moment  is  enjoy'd. 

And  'tis  a  cheerful  came  they  play. 
And  tell  me  not  they  lose  at  last; 

Sudi  loss  is  light,  such  care  is  vain. 
For  if  they  hope  till  life  be  past. 

What  hours  for  care  or  gnef  remain. 

You  say  the  rash,  the^young,  the  bold,  . 

Are  mine,  and  mine  they  are,  'tis  true ; 
But,  sister,^  art  thou  sure  the  old  \ 

And  grave  are  not  my  subjects  too? . 


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ANNUAL    REGISTER,    1823. 

Stniok  lit  lie  psi^  pcmaM  VkfW, 

■if  ite  Ui^d  iMMda  flf  MrvHM  M, 
Cold,  totterii^  bafoum,  tad  doWi 

BoiM  to  the  bocd,  «tid  to  tli6  bedt 
Hear  how  tie  ndent  trembler  fonfh 

Siiiit  whh  the  hne  of  lingering  here ! 
''  Hold  yet  my  thread,  flow  on  my  days, 

**  Nor  let  the  last  Bad  mora  qipear  T 

The  tiige  physician  !Ms  iny  aid 
Meet  WheUft  he  knows  not  Whet  to  do: 

I  wh^ier  then,  **  Be  not  afraid, 
f'  For  I  hispire  thy  patient  toe.* 

MBMORV. 

Vain  of  thy  victories,  thus  misled 

Thy  power  I  own ;  alas !  I  fear, 
It  is  this  syren  son^  I  dread 

Whidi  wretches  long  and  die  to  hear. 
No  ears  are  st(^,  no  luite  are  bound, 

Impatient  to  thr  coast  they  fly. 
And  soon  as  heard  thy  witdung  sound. 

They  rest,  they  sleep,  they  dream,  they  die. 

A  poet  once— 4he  tribe  are  thine. 

But  yet  I  would  my  counsel  give,*- 
And  said, ''  'Tis  nau^t !  ttie  wwlc  dedine  : 

'*  Thou  once  hast  laii'd.  this  will  not  live." 
Dendy  he  si^ied,  and  thou  wert  by, 

1^  fiui  the  half-<xtinguish'd  fire : 
"  Try  once  i^ain,"  thou  saidst,  "  <*f  try, 

«'  For  now  shall  all  the  world  admire." 

HOPE. 

And  how,  I  pray,  can  this  be  wrong? 

The  man  has  clear  and  certain  gain  ? 
For  when  the  world  condemns  his  song, 

He  cto  condemn  the  world  again. 
Inspired  by  me,  in  strains  sublime 

^lall  many  a  gifted  eenius  write. 
For  mine  is  that  oewitdiing  rhyme 

That  shall  the  wondering  world  delight. 

MBMOBT. 

Yes,  thoo  hast  slumbers  light  and  vain. 

And  numt,  I  grant,  a  poet  boast ; 
r*cannot  show  so  large  a  train, 
^ But  I  hare oM; and  heen  hgtx. 


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J 


POBTRY. 

HOPB. 

Stilly  I'm  the  tftirft6  of  young  desire, 

llie  fairy  promiser  of  bliw : 
I  am  the  cood  that  all  require 

In  passmg  through  a  world  like  this, 

MBMOBV. 

Si^^  ntber,  thou'rt  the  glow-worm  li|^l^ 
That  mocki  us  witfi  a  fUnt  diflolagr 

Of  idld  heams,  that  please  the  lAgnt^ 
But  nerer  aenreto  ihow  the  way, 

HOPB. 

Alas  I  but  this  will  never  end^ 
'Tis  like  A  grave  old  aunt's  relation.; 

I  would  that  reason  mif^t  attend* 
And  terminate  our  dictation. 

BBAMm. 

Obedient  to  your  wish  am  I, 

And  thus  my  sentiments  disclose ; 

Tc^ther  you  must  live  and  die. 
Together  must  be  friends  or  foes. 

For  what  is  Hope,  if  Memory  gives 
No  aid,  nor  points  her  course  aright  ? 

She  then  a  useless  trifler  lives. 
And  spends  her  strength  in  idle  Idgbt 

And  what  from  Memoiv's  stores  can  rise 
That  will  for  care  and  study  pay  ? 

Unless  upon  that  store  relies 
The  Hope  that  heavenward  wings  her  Wif , 

Be  Mends;,  and  both  to  man  be  true ; 

O'er  an  their  better  views  preride ; 
For  Memory  sreatest  good  will  do 

As  Hope's  director,  strength,  and  guide. 

So  shall  ye  both  to  mortals  bring 
An  equal  good  in  Reason's  sciue; 

And  Hope  her  sweetest  song  shall  sing. 
When  Memory  tells  her  noUest  tale. 


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8|6f    ANNUAL    RJEGISTER^   1823, 


A  RIDDLE. 

From  the  Same. 

'TwAB  in  heaven  pronounced,  and  'twas  muttered  in  hell 

And  echo  caught  fiedntly  the  sound  as  it  fell : 

On  the  cotdlnes  (dearth  'twas  permitted  to  rest. 

And  the  depths  of  the  ocean  its  presence  confest ;  ^ 

Twill  be  found  in  the  sphere  when  'tis  riven  asunder. 

Be  seen  in  the  lightning,  and  heard  in  the  thunder. 

'Twas  allotted  to  man  with  his  earliest  hreath,    . 

Attends  at  his  birth,  and  awaits  him  in  death. 

Presides  o'er  his  happiness,  honour,  and  health. 

Is  the  prop  of  his  house,  and  the  end  of  his  wealth. 

In  the  heaps  of  the  miser  'tis  hoarded  with  care. 

But  is  sure  to  be  lost  on  his  prodigal  heir. 

It  begins  every  hope,  every  wish  it  must  hound. 

With  the  husbandman  toils,  and  with  monarchs  is  crown'd. 

Without  it  the  soldier,  the  seaman  may  roam. 

But  wo  to  the  wretch  who  expels  it  from  home  ! 

In  the  whispers  of  conscience  its  voice  will  be  found. 

Nor  e'en  in  the  whirlwind  of  passion  be  drown'd. 

'Twill  not  soften  the  heart ;  but  though  deaf  be  the  ear. 

It  will  make  it  acutely  and  instantly  hear. 

Yet  in  shade  let  it  rest  like  a  delicate  flower. 

Ah  breathe  on  it  softly-*it  dies  in  an  hour. 


STONEHENGE. 

jt  Newdigate  Prize  Poem,  recited  at  the  Theatre,  O:tfofd»  June  1829. 
Bif  T.  S.  Salmon. 

Wrapt  in  the  veil  of  time's  unbroken  fflpom. 
Obscure  as  death,  and  silent  as  the  tomb, 
Where  cold  oblinon  holds  her  dusky  reign. 
Frowns  the  dark  pile  on  Sarum's  lonely  plain. 

Yet  think  not  here  with  classic  eye  to  trace 

Corinthian  beauty,  or  Ionian  grace  ; 

No  pillar'd  lines  with  sculptured  foliage  crown'd. 

No  fluted  remnants  deck  the  hallow'd  p;round  ; 

Firm,  as  implanted  by  some  Titan's  might. 

Each  rugged  stone  uprears  its  giant  height. 

Whence  the  poised  fragment  tottering  seems  to  throw 

A  trembling  shadiow  on  the  plain  below. 


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POETRY.  337* 

Here  aft,  when  evening  sheds  her  twilidit  ray. 
And  gilds  with  fainter  beam  departing  day. 
With  breathless  gaze>  and  cheek  with  terror  pale> 
The  lingering  sheph^  startles  at  the  tale> 
How  at  deqp  midnight,  by  the  moon's  chill  ghmoe. 
Unearthly  forms  prolong  the  viewless  dance ; 
While  on  each  whisp'rin^  breeze  that  murmurs  by> 
His  busied  fancy  hears  the  hollow  si^ 

Rise  from  thy  haunt,  dread  genius  of  the  dime. 

Rise,  magic  spirit  of  forgotten  time  ! 

'Tis  thine  to  burst  the  mantling  clouds  of  age. 

And  fling  new  radiance  on  Tndition's  page : 

See !  at  thy  call,  from  Fable's  varied  store. 

In  shadowy  train  the  mingled  visions  pour : 

Here  the  wild  Briton,  'mid  his  wilder  reign. 

Spurns  the  proud  yoke,  and  scorns  th'  oppressor's  ehaia; 

Here  wizard  Merlin,  where  the  mighty  tell* 

Waves  the  dark  wand,  and  chants  the  thrilling  spetL 

Hark !  'tis  the  bardic  lyre,  whose  harrowing  strain 

Wakes  the  rude  echoes  of  the  slumbering  pleun ; 

Lo !  'tis  the  Druid  pomp;  whose  lengthening  line 

In  lowliest  homage  bend  before  the  shrine. 

He  comes — the  priest— amid  the  sullen  blaze 

His  snow-white  robe  in  spectral  lustre  plays ; 

Dim  gleam  the  torches  tluro'  the  circling  night. 

Dark  curl  the  vapours  round  the  altar's  light ; 

O'er  the  black  scene  of  death,  each  conscious  star. 

In  lurid  glory,  rolls  its  silent  car. 

'Tis  gone !  e'en  now  the  mystic  horrors  fade 
From  Sarum's  loneliness,  and  Mona's  glade ; 
Hush'd  is  each  note  of  Taliesin'sf  lyre, 
Sheath'd  the  fell  blade,  and  quench'd  the  fatal  fire. 
On  wings  of  light  Hope's  ai^gel  form  appears. 
Smiles  on  the  past,  and  points  to|happier  years : 
Points,  with  uplifted  hand,  and  raptur'd  eye. 
To  yon  pure  dawn  that  floods  the  opening  sky ; 
And  views,  at  length,  the  sun  of  Judah  pour 
One  cloudless  noon  o'er  Albion's  rescued  shore. 


*  Od  this  spot  it  is  said  that  the  British  nobles  were  slaughtered  by  HeDgttt* 
t  TkltesiD,  presidtnt  of  the  bards,  flourished  in  the  sixth  century. 


Vofo  LXV,  Y* 

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INDEX. 


[N.  B.    The  figures  within  crotdiets  refer  to  the  History ;  those  with  a  *  to  the 
Appendix  to  Chronicle,  &c. ;  and  the  others  to  the  Chronide.] 


Ajibxevillees,  gbust  at,  104 

Acddent  at  the  theatre,  Newcastle,  tO 

Acetate  of  Mon^ne,  17* 

A*C<mrt,  sir  W.,  his  correspondence 
with  Mr.  Canning,  rektiTe  to  the 
af&drs  of  France  and  Spain,  116,^ 
Ac 

Acts,  public  general,  tiat  of^  235 

Adnmaltj  sessions,  SS 

Adrertisement,  sinyilar  Chinese  one, 
154 

African  institution,  17th  report  of,  90; 
circulation  of  works  by,  on  the  con- 
tinent, »3*  :~see  tbo'Sktve  trmde 

Agricultural  distress :  discussion  on,  in 
parliament,  [95] ;  meeting  at  Nor- 
wich respectmg^,  5 ;  at  Herefbnt,  9; 
Somerset^ire,  t6. 

Agriculture,  report  on  the  state  of,  in 
N«w  South  Wales,  71* 

Ale  and  porter,  quantity  o£y  brewed 
in  Lenaon,  86 

Alert  (packeiX  loss  of  the,  39 

Amba^ador,  action  to  txy  whether  the 
nropertjT  of  persons  attached  to  one, 
De  subject  to  l^|;al  process,  53 

America,  appointment  of  Britbh  con- 
sub  in  South  America,  [1441 ;  capt. 
Franklin's  kmrner  to  the  Polar  Sea, 
t51* ;  aflurs  of  South  America  ;— 
aee  Brazil,  Buenot  Ayre$^  ChiH^  Co- 
iumbia,  Mexico^  Pwm ;  of  North 
America,^see  Canada^  and  United 
Stata 

American  duelling,  68 

Angerstein,  Mr.,  oeath  of,  189 

Angoui^e*s,  duke  of,  prochmmtion  to 
the  Spaniards,  [189],  158*-.see  also 
Sjmtn 

Antiquities,  discorerj  of,  at  Rome* 
46 ;  tesaetated  pavement  discovered 
at  Weyhill,  67;  painting  of  the 
murder  of  archbishop  Beorett,  dis- 
covered at  Wootton  Basset,  118; 
themdent  town  of  Orea  discovered, 
in  Fifeshire,  155 

i^ipcihiile  jtuiadictioo,  [93] ;  veport 


Appeab,  writs  of  error,  &c,  report  of 

tne  House  of  Lords  on,  63* 
Arctic  Seas,  animalcules  in,  990*  ;  re- 
fraction of  light.  293* 
Arracacha,  new  esailent  plant,   de- 
scription of.  304* 
Arts  and  manufiMrtures,  308* 
AuricuUur  organs.  289* 
Aurora  Bovealis,  t9i* 
Assassination  of  Mr.  Homx^  at- 
tempted, 101 
Assizes  and  Sessions:  Ajftedwrg^  T. 
Randall  and  J.  Croker,  fin*  murder 
of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Needle,  36* 
Ckdmtfwrd ;  Felix  Revholds,  rape, 

31 
Crv^dm ;  P.  Stoffel  and  C.  Keppel, 

murder  of  Mrs.  lUchards,  44* 
Ely ;  J.  Rolfe,  murder,  91 
EttniskHltM;  .?.  Keys,  murder  of 

Ins  nttlier,  96 
Lmcoln ;  W.  Arden,  B.  Chandeler, 
and  J.  Dooghtj,  unnatural  crime, 
30 
Maidstone;  W.  Donidfan,  murder  of 

his  wife,  103 
Manchester;   Shore,  Ac  robbery; 
outr^  committed  by  them  in 
court,  140 
Middleiex;  Jas.  Wilson,  assault  on 

his  own  daughter,  128 
Staffordshire;  Sir  G.  Jemin^ham, 
V.  Beech,  action  of  trover,  to  re- 
cover the  value  of  trees  cut  down, 
31 ;  Jas.  RoxbormuA  and  wifu, 
iraud  and  robbery,  139 
f\mnt(m ;  E.  Bryant,  ftc.  maiming, 

45 
f^9terford;  H.  De^p,  murder,  93 
Austria:  causes  the  press  to  be  re- 
stricted in  Bavaria,  [176];  and  in 
SwHzeriand,  [177];   and  refugees 
to  be  enielkd  nrom  the  latter  couu« 
try,  [178];  interview  between  the 
emperors  of  Austria  and   Russia, 
[175] 
Atzoliti,  M.,  case  df  atAucUon  by,  89 
Y  2 


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INDEX. 


Badelejr,  Dr.,  his  ntrratiTe  of  •  mira- 

culous  cuxe  by  prince  Hohenlohe, 

28 
Bahia,— see  J9mn/ 
BaiUte,  capt,  defiended  by  Mr.  Eraldne, 

for  a  libel  on  lord  Sandwich,  313* 
Balfbur,  Dr.,  his  ice  lifepresenrer^OP* 
Ballet,  Hippolyte,  murder  of,  by  C 

CaiUinff,l*[1651 
Bank  stocky  reduction  oA  from  5  to  4 

per  cent,  36 
Bankrupts,  947 
Barbadoes,  outrage  against  Missionary 

Shrewsbury,  [183] 
Barlow,  sir  6.,  his  administration  in 

India,  939« 
Bear,  one  found  at  Sauderton,  Bucks, 

Beer  Bill,  [104] 

Becard,  Joa.,  prize  awarded  to,  for  bis 
virtuous  conduct,  112 

Beckett,  archbishop,  painting  discover- 
ed representing  his  murder,  118 

Begu  and  Laffbr^ade,  trial  of;  for 
murder,  98 

Bebsoni,  G.,  death  of;  211 

Betters,  count  de,  committed  to  prison 
for  violence  towurds  prince  Ester- 
hazy,  27 

Bills  m  the  House  of  Commons,  form 
of  engrossing,  66* 

ofmortanty,  table  o^  250 

Bingley,  rev.  ^V^  death  of,  192 

Birraii^ffham,  nest  of  coiners  discover- 
ed at,  90 

Bloomfield,  the  poet,  death  of,  202 

Blucher,  count,  wounds  an  actor,  14^ 

Bolivar,  pension  to,  [2471 ;  placed  at 
the  head  of  affairs,  in  Peru,  li50] ; 
letter  to  Aguera.  [251]  ;  mote 

Bond,  rt.  bun.  Nath.  death  of,  ^9 

Bordwine,  Mr.,  instrument  for  finding 
the  latitude.  308* 

Bourdeaux,  case  of  the  vicar  of  St. 
Bloi,  and  M.  Barthes,  1 15 

Boursier,  Madame,  trial  of;  for  the 
murder  of  her  husband,  [166]  19* 

Bowring,  Mr.,  motion  in  parliament, 
respecting  his  unprisonment,  [139] 

Brazil:  separation  from  Portugal, 
[217] ;  commercial  renilations  indi- 
cative of  a  hostile  spirit,  [ib,] ;  politi- 
cal dissensions,  [218];  meeting  of 
the  congress,  \ibJ\ ;  emperor^s  speech, 
[219] ;  change  of  ministry,  [220] ; 
emperor^s  proclamatioa,  \ibJ\  note  ; 
violent  proceedings  of  the  congress, 
[222] ;  congress  dissolved  by  mili- 
tary force,  [223]  j  another  change  of 
ministry,  [224] ;  emperor's  procla- 


mation, resparting  a  new  conalita- 
tion,  [t^l ;  murder  of  the  PortugiieK 
at  Para,  [226] ;  horrible  destmclMa 
of  some  of  tbe  rioters,  [227]  ;  n^lc 
militarv  operations  at  Bahia,  [228] ; 
San  &dvador  evacuated  by  tae 
Portuguese,  [2291;  l(»d  GochrBiie*s 
operations  by  sea,  t^.];  Monte  Video 
surrenders  to  the  BraziUans,  [2301; 
Portuguese  commissioners  not  aL 
lowed  to  treat,  [ihA ;  Finanoea,  liiu]; 
emperor*s  manifestJo,  after  diaaolvii^ 
congress,  169* ;  project  of  the  con- 
stitution, 172*;  the  Iqpalative 
power,  173* ;  the  executive  dittos 
176* ;  of  the  succession,  &c.  177* ; 
of  the  ministry,  178* ;  of  the  mifi- 
Ury  force,  179* ;  of  the  judicial 
power,  ib.;  administration  of  the 
provinces,  180* ;  civil  and  political 
ri^ts  of  the  people,  tft. 

Brewster,  Dr.,  Iluid  discovered  by,  in 
minerals,  297*;  experiments  lor 
forming  artificial  haloes  round  the 
sun,  Sue.  ib. 

Bridgewater,  earl  oC,  death  of;  209 

Brouffham,  Mr.,  speech  on  the  af&tin 
of  Spain,  [8] ;  unsuccessful  reply  to 
Air.  Canning^s  vindication  of  tne  po- 
licy of  Great  Britain  towards  Spam, 
[45] ;  motion  relative  to  the  admi- 
nistration of  justice  in  Ireland,  [65]; 
invective  i^ainst  51  r.  Canning,  [76] 

Browulow,  Mr.,  motions  bv,  respecUog 
the  riot  at  the  Dublin  theatre,  [52^ 
f.53] 

Budget,  [1131;  French,  [157] 

Buckinghamshire,  Van  Dieiiian*t 
Lan<C77« 

Buenos  Ayres,  prosperity  under  Rira- 
divia,  [253];  preliminary  conven- 
tion with  Spain,  [16.],  196*  ;  roisun- 
derstanding  between  the  govern- 
ment and  capt.  Willis,  ib. 

Burdett,  sir  F.,  speech  on  the  Spanish 
afiairs,  [34];  motion  for  inquixy 
into  the  conduct  of  the  sherm  of 
Dublin,  r56j 

Byron,  lord,  letter  from,  to  the  Gie^ 
committee,  63 


Cadiz,  operations  before,  [204] ;  sur- 
renders to  the  French,  [2081 

Cahuac  and  Beeman,  trial  of  for  steal* 
lug  books,  125 

Canada,  fire  on  board  theDe  Salabeny 
Mtcam-boat,  71 ;  steam  navigation, 
72;  three  boys  upset  in  a  cwot 
near  the  Cheiie  Rapids,  74^ 

Canning,  Mr.,  takes  his  seat  lo  par* 


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INDEX. 


lUmient,  [16] ;  explains  the  conduct 
pursued  by  ministers  respecting 
Spain,  [18] ;  justifies  the  neutrality 
01  England,  in  the  war  between 
France  and  Smun,  [251 ;  hia  speech 
vindicating  the  conduct  or  the 
ministry  respecting  the  afiairs  of 
Spain,  [37];  his  defence  on  being 
cnarged  with  defection  from  the 
cause  of  Catholic  Emancipation, 
[75] ;  gives  a  denial  to  the  imputa- 
tions cast  against  him  by  Mr. 
Brougham,  [76];  rel\i8es  to  ac- 
Ihiowiedge  the  regency  of  Madrid, 
[145];  ms  popiuarity;  and  his 
speech  at  Plymouth,  [146] ;  his  let- 
ter of  resignation  to  his  constituents 
at  Liverpool,  9 ;  takes  his  seat  in 
parliament,  16;  visit  to  Plymouth, 
151 ;  corres{>ondence  with  the  duke 
of  Wellington,  relative  to  the  dfiiiirs 
of  France  and  Spain,  97*  ;  letter  to, 
from  vise.  Chateaubriand,  110*; 
letter  to  sir  C.  Stuart,  113*  ;  to  sir 
W.  A'Court,  1  !&• ;  from  ditto  116* ; 
to  ditto  118«;  from  ditto  119»;  to 
ditto  ib.;  from  sir  C.  Stuart,  129» ;  to 
ditto,  a, ;  to  sir  W.  A'Court,  132» ; 
from  lord  Fitzroy  Somerset,  i^.;  from 
sir  C.  Stuart,  134* ;  from  sir  W. 
A'Court,  135*  ;  ditto  ditto,  136* ; 
from  sir  C.  Stuart,  137» ;  from  shr  W. 
A'Court,  id./  ditto  ditto  i6.;  from  sir 
C  Stuart,  138* ;  from  sir  W. 
A'Court,  tft.;  ditto  ditto  139» ;  to  sir 
C  Stuart  140* 

Cape  of  Good  Hope,  condition  of  the 
new  settlements  at,  [138] 

Carascosa,  gen.  his  duel  with  gen« 
Pepe,  «5 

Cardinals,  new  creation  of,  at  Rome, 
30 

Cardon,  M.,  editor  of  the  Journal  du 
Commerce,  indicted,  34 ;  sentenced 
to  imprisonment  and  fine,  38 

Castaing,  trial  of,  fbr  the  murder  of 
Hippolyte  Ballet,  [165] ;  !• 

Cateroillars  on  fruit  trees,  destruction 
of,  302* ;  ditto,  by  sparrows,  303* 

Catholic  Question,  the,  [73] ;  bills  for 
conferring  the  elective  franchise  on 
English  Catholics,  [80] ;  lord  Col. 
Chester's  motion,  [sf] 

Chancery,  meeting  of  solicitors,  re- 
specting the  business  o^  19;  in. 
creased  business  in  the  court  of,  63* 

Chancery  records,  319* 

Chateaubriand,  M.,  letter  to  Mr.  Can. 
ning,  on  the  relations  between  Spain 
ana  France,  110* 

Chemistry,  297* 


Cherbourg,  selected  by  Dumourie^M 

a  naval  port,  239* 
Chili:  discontent  at  O'Higffins*  ad* 

ministration,  [252]  ;  he  and  Rodri- 

Suez  resign,  [t6.] ;  Freyre  appointed 
fawtor,[253];  earthquake,  295* 

Chickens,  hatched  by  steam,  310* 

China,  intelligence  u'oro,  44 ;  singular 
advertisement,  154 ;  afiray  between 
the  crew  of  the  Topaze  and  the 
natives,  146 

Christian,  £.,  death  of;  194 

Chronometers,  effect  of  magnetism 
on,  299* 

Churches,  new,  323* 

Circuit,  correspondence  relative  to  a 
barrister's  rig^t  of  changing  his  cir* 
cult,  49 

Cobbett,  address  moved  by.  at  Nor* 
wich,  [2] 

Cochrane,  lord,  takes  several  of  the 
Portuguese  fleet,  [2291 

Coinersp  fraudulent,  cuscovered  at 
Birmmgham,  90 

Coke,  Mr.,  and  lady  Anne>  Mr.  Hum- 
phrey's pamphlet,  against,  129 

Cologne,  murder  at,  131 

Columbia:  Santa  Martha,  taken  by 
the  Spaniards,  [2441 ;  defeated  from 
the  Spanish  fleet,  [i^.];  capture  of 
Maracaybo,  and  Porto  Cabello  by 
the  Columbians,  [245];  insurrection 


[i6.] ;  alliance  with  Qiili  and  Peru, 
(i6.j;message  of  the  executive  power, 
at  opening  the  first  constitutional 
congress,  198* ;  Spain  refuses  to  ac- 
knowledge its  incbpendence,  th. ;  ac* 
knowle^fed  by  the  United  Stat% 
199* ;  mission  to  Lbbon  and  Rome. 
200* ;  hopes  of  prosperity,  and 
spread  of  infbrmation,  201* ;  treaty 
with  Peru,  204^ 

Congress  at  Verona,  [19] ;  see  Venina 

Connolly,  Mr.,  taken  into  custody  for 
shootmg  J.  Orainge,  165 

Constant,  B.,  fined,  18 

Convicts,  report  on,  48 

Cooke,  Meut.,  correspondence  between 
commodore  Porter,  and  the  com* 
mandant  of  Porto  Rico,  rektive  to 
his  death,  53 

Copper-mine  River,  256* 

Coppr  mountains,  961 

Corn,  motion  for  a  reduction  of  its 
import  price,  [97] 

Coroner's  inquest,  on  T.  H.  Griffiths, 
and  his  son,  Abel  Griffiths,  77 

Correspondence,  diplomatic,  relative 

Digitized  by  VjI^^^V  IC 


I  M  D  B  X. 


(otiMiffldnttf  Vtwca  aad  Spain, 
93 
Cotton^  lir  R.  aooount  of,  390* 
Cottontan  maniieeripts.  ift. 
Coveot  GardtQ  Theatre;  Julian,  a 
tragedr,  34|  Spanish  mibicrlption 
fancx  Bidl,  S& 
Courier  Francois,    LemiTeux,   the 

editor,  imprisooad  and  fined,  30 
Courts  I  jitbmirali0 ;  case  of  the  Dun- 
dee, 32* 
Chancery  ;  Qill  t«.  GiU,  de  lunatico 

inquirendo,  101 
Onnmon  Pleat ;  Thiirtell,  v.  BeHu* 
mont,  recovery  of  value  of  \itfh 
pert/  insured,  9$ 
Common  Pisat^  Dublin ;  Cuthbert, 
V.  Browne,  decevtum  m  marrUtge* 
35* 
Crabb,  rer.    G.,  Hope  and  Memoiy, 
poem  b/,  331* 

Delegatet;  Miller  o.  Bloomfield,  &c. 
liability  of  stock  in  trade  to 
church-rates,  76 ;  Seager  v.  fionde; 
right  of  erecting  a  monument  in  a 
church  without  the  consent  of  the 
ordinanr,  T7 
House  of  Lords  i    Beid  tr,  Eeid, 

Scotch  marriage,  99* 
Kmg^s  Bsneh:  intimation  to  the 
bur,  Mr.  Selwyn,  14 ;  the  King, 
V.  Wright,  blasphemous  libel,  18; 
O'Meara,  libels  on  sir^H.  tiowe, 
19;    Novello,  v,  Towgood,    53; 
Macpherson,  v«  Lovie,  breach  of 
promise  ofwHwriagty  It  >  the  King, 
V,   Bigley,    EdwsmUoH  fair^  66; 
Savoy  V,  Price,  tnfringement  of 
paieni  SeidliiM  powders^  156 
GmldhaU;    Shaw  v,  WUliams,  se- 
^^dtietion^  40* 

^Dubiin  ;  Forbes,  Ac  for  outrode  on 
the  lord  Ueutenant,  %V 
Palace  Conrt ;  Gates  r.  Burgojme, 

h'espass^  143 

Of  Session^  ScotUmd  ;  Macgregorv. 

McNeil,  or  Jollj,  declarator  tf 

marriage^  10  j  cau  of  law  ofwutr- 

riage^  149 

Court-Martial ;  lieut.  Hamilton  of  the 

Tunaze,   firing  on  some  Chinese, 

Crawford,  Mr.,  his  vusston  to  Siam, 

100 
Crees^  an  Indian  tribe,  253* 
Criminal  code,— see  Mackinioth, 
Cuba,  piracies  at,  [30]  t  repressed  by 

the  United  SUtes,  188* 
Curwood,  Mr.,  correspmdence  with 
Mr.  Jervis,  xtslative  to  his  changing 
his  circuit  49 


Currency,  motuui  oi,  [UN>> 

Davison,  secretary,  aeoouat  oC  the 
transactions  connected  with  the 
execution  of  Mair  Queen  of  Scots, 
t44* 

D*£n^iien,  Due,  acoount  of  hie  death. 

Dead  bodtesy  how  lonf  recogniBsble, 
•7 

Death,  suddeoi  extmordinary  ease  dt, 
132 

Deccan  prise  case,  16 

Demerarat  insurrection  of  the  ahtves 
at,  [1341;  general  Murraj,  the  go- 
vernor, nrSi  at,  [135] 

Denmark :  privateers  not  allowed  U 
enter  the  Danish  ports,  IKi] ;  the 
noUes  complain  of  being  dranvcd 
of  their  poUtical  privilegea,  [1ft] 

Digestion,  experiments  on,  iS5* 

Diorama,  309* 

Disturbances:  a  police-officer  and 
proctor  killed,  at  Caattoievem  lie- 
lapd,  85  s  Musaclbuigh  raoes»  97; 
by  the  prisoners  In  the  coort  st 
Manchester  sessions.  140 

Dixon,  captain,  robbea  by  banditti  at 
Faenza,48 

Dobereiner,  experiments  a 
tion  by,  301* 

Downe,   Sarah,  murdered   by 
Radford,  95 

Dublin:  perliamentaiy  inMauiry  into 
the  conduct  of  the  sberitt  relatire 
to  the  trial  of  Forbes,  Ac*  (56] ;  eon- 
spiraey  against  the  lord  lieutenaat, 
3 ;  remonstrance  of  the  grand  juir 
on  the  attomev-generil  animao' 
verting  on  the  bilb  beingignoctad by 
them,  6 1  claims  of  the  CatholkstD 
pray  over  their  dead  in  Protestant 
church-yards,  116 1  trial  of  Forbsi, 
dec.  for  an  outrage  on  the  UMrdJifut 

Duel  between  generals  Pepe  and  Ca* 

rascosa.  25 

Duellin^f,  Amerioant  68  

Dumoiunea,  genenl,  memoir  of,  I3B* 
Dundee  and  Prinre«  Charlotte,  v«- 

sels,  case  o^  32* 
Dynamometer,  liegnier*8,  289* 

Farthaiiake  in  Chili,  995* 
East,  Gm  executed  mr  ra|>e*  8 
Kdmonton  foir,  declared  illegality  <4 

86 
Education  of  the  poor,  in  IreUnd,  re- 
turns to  Parlijunent  on,  56*  i  state 
of,  In  Portugal,  328* 


Digitized  by 


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INDEX. 


Elepiumi,  QAiToir  eiouie  from*  by 
captain  Gambier  tad  Mr.  Haj,  at 
Ceylon,  136 

£linbetlH  queen,  secretary  Daviion's 
interview  with,  for  her  tigninff  the 
warrant  fiur the  execution  i^Maiy 
queen  of  Scots,  SM* 

Sllenborougfa,  lord,  motion  respect- 
ing the  conduct  of  ministerf,  [17] 

Ensrosaing  of  bilLi  in  the  House  of 
Commons,  form  oA  66* ;  engrossing 
hand  the  best  for  the  purpose,  67* 

-Erskine,  lord,  memoir  of,  219*  i  his 

.  defisnce  of  eapttia  Baillie,  813* «  of 
lord  G.  Gordon,  215*  ;  character  as 
a  perliamsotary  orator,  217* ;  cre- 
ated lord  chancellor,  21 1^* 

Esquimaux,  961*,  272* ;  their  snow- 
houses,  279*)  superstitions,  274* 

Excise  revenue,  improvement  in, 
11151 

Executions  s  Robert  Hartlejr  for  stab- 
bing  captain  Owen,  2 ;  Cviles  East, 
rape,  8;  John  Badfinrd,  murder,  05 ; 
Pdlet,  for  murder  of  Mr.  Mumford, 
155 

Fanatlflism,  horrible  instance  o^  in 
Switzerland,  41. 

Fenude  convict,  disguised  as  a  man, 
132 ;  preacher,  69. 

Ferguson,  lieut.,  killed  in  duel  by 
captain  Roche,  1773,  224* 

Finances :  Rrazilian,  [290]  i  Russian, 
153;  of  the  United  States,  [240]^ 
196*;  Uble  of  ditto,  195 

Fires :  the  new  theatre  at  ifunich,  8; 
church  of  S.  Psolo  fuor  delle  Mun, 
Rome,  99 ;  at  the  settlement  of  the 
Moravlan'brethren  at  Sar^ta,  107 ; 
at  Liverpool,  136 

Fish,  very  larve  one  at  Montreal,  123 ; 
sugar  used  m  preserving,  302* 

Fortes,  Graham^  Rrownlow,  &c«  mo- 
tions and  proceedings  in  parliament 
connected  with  their  trial,  [52], 
[56] ;  trial  of  at  Ihiblin,  for  an  out- 
ran on  the  lord  lieutenant,  21* 

Foreign  stock  exchange*  1 

ForeiSs,  royal,  256 

France :  Mr.  Cannine*s  statement  of 
the  policy  pursuea  by  Great  Bri- 
tain towards  France,  [23] ;  pretend- 
ed violation  of  the  neutrality  of  the 
Frenohsoil  by  Spanish  troops,  [149]; 
elevation  of  VilJele  to  the  ministrv, 
-  ri49] ;  speech  at  the  opening  ihe 
Chambers,  [ik,];  the  French  smbas. 


r  lAfii  Midfid,  [|51]|  Tiikf^ 

riad's  speecli  In  flitTHi  v  of  prai^,  fiA.] ; 
debate  m  th^'  t  hamber  of  Dejsutk^ 
on  war  with  Spab.  [154J ;  tbe  mi- 
dress,  [156]  i  au(lg«t,  [157] ;  provi. 
sionflireiqN.^ii!i«^,  ikcAot  1424^1  J58] ; 
discussion  on  the  policy  of  thti  Spa- 
nish war,  {Ui.\f  CIuLte^ubmixi'ii  de- 
frnoe  of  the  lui  n  i  »t  t-rml  ]mA  Uy,  [  1 5P  ] ; 
proceedings  against  MatmeC  (J60l; 
disturbanwH  t'xcited  by  hi»  expul- 
sion from  til c'  di^mber^  [l^t]i  txi< 
mults  at  LytinsL,  LJ^'^ll  ajdrtsses 
against  the  war,  [i5.];  war  announced, 
[ik] ;  triumphalretum  of  the  duke  of 
Angoul^me,  [164];  oommuniottioii 
with  England  respecUi^  South 
America,  [U*.];  dismissal  of  the 
duke  of  BellunO,  [165];  remarka- 
ble trials,  [ik.]i  maintenance  of  the 
cler^nr,  [1671;  English  artisans, 
(16^;  the  duke  of  Angoullme's 
proclamation  to  the  Spaniw  nation, 
[189],  158* ;  commencement  of  the 
campaign  in  Spain,[  199]  ;-^aeeSpain; 
contraband  slave  trade,  91* ;  France 
not  sincere  in  her  professed  desire 
for  the  suppr^on  of  slavery, 
96* ;  dipbmatic  correspondence  re- 
lative to  France  and  Spain,  93*; 
danger  to  France  Irani  a  revolu- 
tion in  Spain,  112*;  neutrality 
adopted  by  England  respecting 
France  and  Spain,  141* ;  no  hostile 
views  towards  Portugal,  147' ;  king's 
speech,  Jan.  29th,  149* 
Franklin,  captain,  journey  to  the  Polar 
Sea,  251^;  Crees,  253* ;  Chepev- 
wans,  254*;  musquitoes,  255*; 
Copper-mine  river,  256*;  winter 
prenarations,  257* ;  intense  cold, 
259*;  snow-houses,  ib,i  wint^%c- 
cupations,  959*;  wolves,  261*; 
copper   mountains,   U>, ;   exoessive 

Jinvations,  264*,  and  horrible  suf- 
erings   of  the  party,    %66* ;  Dr. 

Richanison's  narrative,  267* ;   Mr. 

Hood  assassinated  by  an  Iroquois, 

269* 
Franks  fiuntlv,  murder  of,  in  Ireland, 

115 
Freemasonry,     Russian     ordinances 

against,  [179] 
French  marriages,  1 ;  loan,  99;  news- 
papers, 90 ;  manu&ctures,  119 
Fruit,  maturation  ot,  305* 
Fruit-trees,  caterpillars  destroyed  on, 

302* 

Gaming  houses,  19 


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INDEX. 


QaSt  coal,  exptnsiTe  feree  of,  299* 
Gas-lighting,  extent  of,  in  London,  59 
Georges,  niademoi8elie,French  actress, 

G«rman^ :  discusnon  on  the  military 
estabhshment  of  Baden,  [ITS] :  re- 
gulations respecting  Jews,  at  Wei- 
mar, [173] ;  alarm  of  a  conspiracj 
at  Hesse  Cassel,  [t6.] ;  suppression  of 
the  *  German  Obaenrer,'  at  Wir- 
temberg^,  [175] ;  that  state  reAises 
to  sanction  the  proqeedings  at  Ve- 
rona, [176];  restrictions  on  the 
press,  in  Bavaria,  [177] 

Ghost  at  Abbenrillers,  104 

Gilchrist,  Octavius,  death  of,  199 

Gill  V.  Gill,  case  of,  de  lunatico  in- 
quirendo,  101 

Glenbervie,  lord,  death  of,  197 

Gboch,  Mary,  extraordinary  suicide 
of,  60 

Gooseberries,  different  species  of,  304* 

Granholm,  capt.  steals  Swedenbore's 
scull,  4S 

Grant,  Chas.,  memoir  of,  224* ;  his  zeal 
for  the  promotion  of  religious  wor- 
ship ill  India,  225  ;•  elected  a  direc« 
tor  of  the  East  India  Company, 
^6*;  disapproves  of  lord  Welles- 
ley's  administration,  228«;  defends 
sir  G.  Barlow's  administration, 
232*  ;  urges  the  policy  of  enlighten- 
ing and  civilizing  India,  934* 

Grants  of  land  in  s^ew  South  Wales, 
and  Van  Dieman's  Land,  79» 

Graves,  coL,  tried  in  Virginia,  for 
duelling,  68 

Grecian  (cutter)  captures  La  Gata,  a 
pirate  vessel,  43 

Greece:  war  with  Turkey,  [238]; 
naval  operations,  [235];  incursions 
\n  the  c6a8t  of  Aria  Minor,  [ib,] ; 
massacre  of  the  Greek  popuUition  at 
Pexgamo,  [H,] ;  want  of  artillery  and 
stores,' 64;  favourable  wishes  of  the 
United  Sutes,  192 « 

Greek  committee,  lord  Byron's  letter 
to,  63 

Griffiths,  Abel,  shoots  his  &ther,  and 
himself,  77 

Guebhard,  M.,  his  letter  to  the  editor 
of  the  Journal  du  Commerce,  on  his 
loan  with  the  Spanish  government, 
147 

Haloes,  artificial,  method  of  forming, 

Hamilton,  lieut.  court-martial  on,  146 

Harrison,  J.  C»  executed  in  1817  for 

the  murder  of  Dr.  Sandenoo,  since 


proved  to  have  been  ionoeenty  hf 

the  confesdon  of  the  murderer,  110 
Haydon,  Mr.,  petition  reqiectii^  Ibb- 

torical  painting,  329* 
Hayti,  [2541 
Heralds'  college,  state  of  the  boiU. 

ing8,322* 
Hesse  Casse^-^see  Gtrmmnf 
Hislop,  sir  T.,  commander-ui«cluflf  of 

the    Deocan  army,    his  daima  to 

prizes  allowed,  17 
Hohenlohe,  prince,  cure  of  a  mm  aft 

the  convent  of  New  Hall,  bv,  96; 

and  of  Adelaide  Veysre,  mt  Ton- 
louse,  29;   other  miracles  by,  70; 

cures  a  nun  at  Banelagfa  fxmvent, 

108 
Holland,— see  NetkerUmdt 
Holy  alliance,  demands  the  erpulaioB 

of  refii^jees  from  Switzerland,  [IfS] 
Home,  sir  £.,  experiments   on   tbe 

auricular  oigans,  289* 
Hood,  Mr.  (captain  FrBnklin'a  eoai* 

panion),  assawinated,  268* 
Hope  and   Memorv,   poem    by  rev. 

G.  Crabb,33l* 
Horrocks,  Mr.,  attempted  iiMaiaai* 

tion  oi;  101 
Horticulture,  304* 
House  of  Commons,  votes  during  tht 

last  session,  15 
Hume,  Mr.,  motion  against  the  Iriah 

church  establishment,    [69];   ^tto 

respecting  the  vioe^f^nl  offices  of 

the  lord  neutenant,  [70j 
Hunt,  Joseph,  his  confession  rdatiTe 

to  Weare's  murder,  141. — See  also 

fTeare 
Hutton,  Dr.  C.  death  o^  189 
Hydrophobia,  efficacy    of    ii\|aotiaf 

warm  water  into  a  vein,  in  curings 

135;  case  of.  281* 

Jamaica:  resolutions  voted  by  the 
house  of  assembly,  in  cooaeoucooe 
of  the  proceedings  in  the  Britiik 
pariiament  respecting  the  sbve- 
trade,  [132] 

Jenner,  Dr.,  death  <^,  188 

Jew,  extraordinary  knavery  of  one,  at 
Warsaw,  66 

Jews,  regulations  respecting,  at  Wei^ 
mar,  [173] 

Ice,  life-preserver,  309* 

Indians,  Northern,  snperrtitioii  oC 
254* 

Indies,  East,  the  late  Mr.  Grant's  op* 
position  to  lord  Wellesley*s  me»> 
sures,  228*  ;  revenue  and  juriflpru- 
dence^  230  ^dnstitutionofthecot- 


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INDEX. 


Ben   KiD- 
n,    [611; 


kge  At  HayMmiy,  230* ;  ar  6. 
Bidow's  adminikntibn,  232' ; 
negqCiatioiiB  for  renewal  oi*  the  com- 

.  panj^s  privileges,  t6.;  moral  and 
religioos  character  of  the  natives, 
23S* ;  Mr.  Grant^s  speech  in  fiivour 
cf  the  civilization  of  India,  234* ; 
charter  act,  &c  235*;  scheme  for 
a^n^wg  dispatches  thither,  hy  a 
steam  ncfcet,  296* 

— -  I'^est,— see  Jamaiea  and  WeH 

Insecto  in  amber,  289* 

Insensifaility,  singular  medical  case  o^ 
287* 

Institution,  African,    ace  J/rictm 

Iodine,  new  compound  of^  301* 

Ionian  Islands:  new  parliament  at 
Onfb,[23l];  successful  crops,  [232]; 
expenditure,  [i6.]  ;  elections,  [233] 

Ireland :  Ulls  of  udictment  against 
the  rioters  at  the  Dublin  thnitre, 
[4d] ;  motion  in  pariiament  respect- 
ing ditto,  [52];  pariiamentarv  in- 
quuT  into  the  conduct  of  the  sherifi* 
of  BuMin,  [56] ;  course  of  the  in- 
miirv  [57] ;  riots  between  Rib- 
unilmen  and  Oranjgemen,  '^*'' 
outrages  in  Limenck,  AJc 
insunrsction  act,  renewed. 
Tithe-composition  Bill,  [63] ;  ~  mis- 
chie&  of  the  sjstem  of  joint  te- 
nancy, [64];  Mr.  firou^am's  mo- 
tion respecting  the  administration 
of  Justice,  ItA.]^  Mr.  Hume*s 
aflunst  the  cburch  establishment, 
1 09] ;  ditto  respecting  the  office  of 
lord  lieutenant,  [70];  duke  of  De- 
vonshire's  motion  on  the  state  of 
Ireland,  [71] ;  valuable  c^uarries  of 
marble  discovered,  69 ;  pdice  officer, 
Ac,  killed  at  Castlehaven,  85; 
murder  of  the  Franks  fiunily,  115; 
claim  of  the  Catholics  to  pray  over 
their  dead  in  Protestant  church- 
jards,  116;  threatening  notice  post- 
ed up  at  Ardualjntha,  124;  trial  of 
Forbes,  &c  21* ;  letters  on  the  state 
of  Ireland,  from  the  lord  lieutenant, 
50* ;  tranquillity  restored  in  Lime- 
rick, ib, ;  disturbed  state  of  Cork 
and  Tipperary,  51* ;  renewal  of  the 
Insurrection  act,  incUspensaUe,  56*  -, 
returns  to  Parliament  on  the  edu- 
cation of  the  poor^  ib. ;  eSortM  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  priests  to  with- 
draw children  from  Protestant 
schools,  59* 

Italy:  prosecutions  for  political  of- 
foioes,  [231] ;  election  of  Leo  XII, 
[16.] ;  creation  of  cardinals  30 


Iturinde,  deposed,  [240)1  Tetkn  ta 
Europe,  [241] 

Julian,  Miss  Mitford's  tragedy  o^  Si 

Keith,  lord,  death  ot,  193 
KemMe,  J.  P.,  death  o^  191 
Kerr,  gmieral,  assault  on,  20 
Keys,  J.,  trial  of,  for  panridde,  36 
KmfriiU  of  Malta,  actual  state  of  tliat 

o^ler,  326* 
Kdchlin,  M.,  prosecuted  for  a   Dtm>» 

phkA,  and  imprisoned  and  fined,  67 

I  lallemand,  general,  death  o^  210 
Lambeth-palace,  robbery  at,  105 ;  at 

the  churc^  107 
Lambton,  lieut-col.  death  o^  18B 
Lansdown,  marquis,  question  to  mi* 

nisters  relative  to  Spain,  [16] 
Lansdown  Manuscripts,  321* 
Land'tax,  Mr.  Maberl^*s  motion  re- 
specting the  redemption  o(  [118] 
Latitude,  instrument  for  fincUng,  308* 
Law  Ca^es,  1* 

Ledwich,  Rev.  L.,  death  o^  201 
L^raiveuz,  editor   of  the   Courier 
Francois,  imprisoned  and  fined,  39 
Lists,  Births,  168 
Deaths,  187 
Marriages,  171 
Ministers,  212 
Promotions,  Ac  179 
Sherifi&.167 

Public  General  Acts,  235 
Patents,  311* 
Liverpool,  election  at,  20 ;  increased 

trade,  164 
Loan,  French,  88 
London-bridge,  plan  for  rebuildin{|, 

121 
Longevity :  Eleanor  Job,  124 
Lunacy,  matters  of,  not  to  be  removed 
from  the  lord  chancellor*ft  jurisdic- 
tion, 64* 

Mackintosh,  sir  J.,  resolutions  finr  the 
improvement  of  the  criminal  code, 
[85] 

Magendie,  Dr.,  successful  treatment 
of  hydrophobia  by,  135,  281* 

Magnetism,  by  percussion,  299*  ;  ef- 
fleet  of  on  chronometers,  ib, 

Malta,  knights  of,— see  KnighU 

Manuscripts:  the  Cottonlan,  320*; 
the  Lansdown,  321* 

Manuel,  M.  deputy  for  La  Vend^, 
proceedings  against,  [1^];  biogra- 
phical account  o^  [161]; 

ManufiK^tures,  French,  119 


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INDEX. 


jUicW,  vdMUe  qsMtm  cC  diMo- 
v^red  in  Ireland,  69 

l£aritime  law ;  case  of  the  Dundee,  32* 

Mani«|^  Frenoht  1 

Mary  queen  of  Scots, — see  Damton, 

Medical  Caaei,  2$1«,  car 

Messina,  dreadful  storm  at»  140 

Mesurado,  i^onjr  at,  for  free  penooi 
of  colour  from  tbe  United  States, 
9ft* ;  dread&il  bostUitief  between 
the  colonists  and  natives,  Uh 

Mm^c^:   Uurbide   deposed,    [940]; 

.  ]urppo6ed  constitution,  [2il] «  neg[o- 
tiatiouB  with  the  Spanish  commis- 
aionerv,  [949 ji  interrupted  by  the 

.  amuftice  being  broken,  and  Vera 
Cruz  atUcked  b^  I^mour,  [243] ; 
war  declared  against  Spain,  [Uu  ] 

>|gftrd,  lord,  death  oL  210 

MiHtarj  unitonn,  regulations  respect- 
ing, 75 

Mina,  bis  military  operations,  [1B4], 
[1911,  [203] ;  surrenders  Barcelona, 
[208]  I  wrriyes  in  Enghmd,  [16.] 

Mmenus,  new  fluid  discovered  iui  297* 

Ministry,  its  increased  popularity,  [3]; 
changes  in,  [«&] 

Misilea  to  Siam,  100 

Mitford,  Miss,  her  tragedy  of  Julian, 
34 

Mock  Suns,  8 

Moll,  a  shoe-maker  of  Cologne,  mur- 
ders his  fHend  Ochs,  131 

Monteagudo,  Bernardo,  minister  of 
Peru,  206* 

Morillo,  his  defection,  [197];  takes 
possession  of  Corunna,  [199] 

Morphine,  acetate  o^  17* 

Mosquera,  Joaquin,  minister  of  Co- 
lumbia,205* 

Mount  Rosa,  ascent  of.  by  M.  M.  Zum- 
stein  and  Vincent,  290* 

Municb,  the  new  court  theatre, 
burnt,  8 

Murders :  Madame  Jerome,  at  Paris, 
[166] ;  CaptOwen,  2 ;  John  I^anden. 
21  i  James  Keys,  murdered  by  his 
son,  36 1  murder  at  Paris,  38;  T. 
H.  Griffiths,  shot  by  his  son,  77 ; 
B.  MagtBth,  93}  Owen  M'Adam, 
94;  Sarah  Downe,  95;  wife  of  a 
French  soldier,  98 ;  Bridget  Donal- 
lan^  murdered  by  her  husband,  102 ; 
the  Franks  fiunily,  115;  Eliaabetb 
Anthony,  121 ;  murder  at  Cologne, 
131 ;  Mr.  Weare,  lil ;  Mr.  Mumfird, 
155 ;  M.  Hoiiein,  by  a  sentinel  at  the 
Tuilleri^  162;  J.  Orainge,  killed 
by  Mr.  Conolly,  165;  Hippolyte 
Ballet,  I*  I  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Naedle, 
36* ;  Mrs.  Richards,  44* 


Muanlbiugli  SMI,  dMntem  i«i  r 

NatiowdDebt,  hill  lUNktioc  ite  re- 
duetion,  [111];  MSM  r&c«ipii. 
[116];  bequests  ifar  the 
0^27 

Natural  History*  981* 

Na^gation  of  the  United 

Netheriands :  suppresmi  of  tw  B<^ 
man  CaihoUc  Societies,  [169];  rs^ 
strictions  on  commerce  with  FMce, 
ib.  s  session  of  the  sUtaafenad*  swi 
the  king's  apaedi,  [ITOI;  pbw  sT 
improvement,  [<(.];  military  o^ 
rations  in  Sumatra,  [171] 

New  South  Wales:  tdranee  of  oMi- 
zation,  59 ;  report  at  the  oosmis- 
sionert,  on  the  state  of  agrienltiire 
and  tnde,  71* ;  diviaioBa  ti  the 
country,  ib,f  geological  Aatuie^ 
72* ;  cmintiee  S  Weatrooilaiid  and 
▲ivyle.  73* ;   fiiresta,   Bredattane 

.  plains,  Bathurat  lake,  ii^;  sheep  and 
cattle,  76*  i  granU  ef  land,  78* ; 
trade,  ib,t  eSrletiastical  establNh- 
ments,  79* ;  population,  and  rtre- 
nue,  U.  #  puUic  expenditure,  80* 

Newgate,  sUte  of;  69 

Newspapers,  French,  90 

Niagam  Falls,  277* 

NoUekens,  sculptor,  death  o^  195 

Norfolk,  petition  from  the  county  d, 
respecting  agricultural  diatreas,  [2] 

Norway,  popuSition,  &c.,  32T* 

Norwich,  meeting  si,  for  cneakkriai 
the  state  of  agrienltural  dliliesi, 
[2],  5 

Obituary  t  lieut.  coU  Jjambton,  186; 
Dr.  Jenner,  a,;  Dr.  C  HutlOB, 
189;  Mr.  Angerstein,  ib,s  Mrs. 
RadcMe,  190;  lord  Aahburton. 
191 ;  J.  P.  Kemble,  ifr. ;  cairi  St 
Vincent,  192 1  lord  Keith,  19S; 
sir  J.  Campbell,  <&.;  £.  Chiiatian, 
194;  Jos.  NoUekens,  195;  had 
Glenbervie,  196;  Ocfeaviua,  Gil- 
Christ,  199;  sir  H.  Baehurn,  <&; 
duke  of  Roxburgh,  200 ;  rer.  £. 
Ledwioh,  201 ;  £  Bloomfiekl,  20t; 
Brockhaus,  Hk  4  Earl  of  Hopetoua. 
203;Mr.  Ricardo.  205;  Dr.BaiUie, 
ib,;  Pius  VII,  208;  earl  of  Bridge- 
water,  209;  lord  Chief  Baron 
Richards.  210;  lord  Milted  A*; 
gen.  Lallemand,  210;  G.>BelMai, 
211 

Ohio,  projected  junction  of,  with  the 
Chesapeake^  I91* 


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Old  BUkyi-Me  Triik,  tml  of  Kim. 

and  twfBtj  olbers.  for  the  murder 

of  two  cuftom-houfe  affiotn,  64 
Ordnance,  parliamenUvy  inquiry  re- 

tpwlioff  the  offlee  offieut<«en.  of, 

[1191 
Om.  tiifi  ancient  town  of,  diacortred 

in  Scotland,  166 
Oxley,  Mr.,  hit  expedition  into  the 

interior  of  New  South  Walea,  76* 

J'adiham,  Water-apout  at.  108 
•  Painting,  andent,  of  the  murder  of 
archhudiop  Be^ett.  diaeorered,  118 


Haydon^s  petition  to 
parUament,  320* 

Fkrifl :  Trihunal  of  Correctional  Po- 
lioe,  the  dulce  of  Son  Liorenso  v, 
OuTfwtl  and  Rotigemnnt,  reapect- 
ing  the  loan  in  nvour  of  Uie  re- 
mmcj  of  Spain,  13;  Martainville 
unpnaoned  and  fined  fbr  an  article 
in  the  Drapeau  Blanc»  ti ;  libel  in 
the  Journal  de  Commerce,  32; 
trial  of  the  editors,  38 ;  triali  of 
Biochet,  Chofihrd,  Araout,  Evrard, 
Diolot,  and  Claitte,  39;  cate  of  se- 
duction and  attempted  suicide,  89; 
trial  of  Begii,  ana  Ldiffor^ade,  for 
murder,  98 ;  distribution  of  prizes 
fbr  virtuous  actbns,  111 ;  exhibition 
of  manufiuttures,  at  the  Lonvre, 
119 1  trial  of  a  aentinel,  V.  Simon, 
for  the  murder  of  M.  Honein,  168 ; 
political  precaution  at  the  theatres, 
164;  triid  of  Castaing,  ]•  ;  ditto  of 
the  widow  Boursier.  and  N.  Kos- 
tolo,  fSor  murdering  the  husband  of 
the  Ibrmer,  19* ;  statistical  account 
oi  Paris,  924» 

Pariiament,  proceedings  in  >  opening, 
[4] ;  king's  speech,  [ib.y  address  by 
lord  Morley,  [5] ;  lord  IJverpoors 
speedi,  [6];  sir  Joseph  Yorke's,  on 
the  address.  [T];  Mr.  Brm^[ham'8 
speech  on  the  interference  of  the 
continental  sovereigns  with  Spain, 
[8];  Mr.  Peel's  remarkf  on  it, 
[15]^  lord  Lansdowne'k  and  Mr. 
Brougham's  questions  to  ministers, 
[16],  [17] ;  removal  of  the  prohibi- 
tiou  of  exportation  of  arms  to  Spain, 
[17] ;  diplomatic  papers  relative  to 
France  and  Spain,  [18];  pacific 
policy  of  this  country.  [t&] ;  motion 
tor  the  repeal  of  the  Foreign  Enlist- 
ment Bill,  [97];  debate  in  the 
Lords  on  the  Spanish  negotiations, 
ftii] ;  address  moved  by  lord  EUen- 
berougb  disapproving  of  the  con. 


duetV>f  miniateri,  [ft.]  i  debmin  the 
eommons.  on  the  Spanish  ne^iitia. 
tions,  [28]  I  chancellor  of  the  br. 
chequer^  speech,  [3D]i  air  J. 
Mackinto^«s  and  Mr.  Peel'i,  [8t]; 
sir  F.  Burdetfs,  [341;  Mr.  Can- 
Hindi's  Justification  of  the  conduot  of 
ministers  in  the  Spanish  negotia- 
tions, [87] ;  Mr.  BfOU|^wm- s  unauc- 
oessfiil  reply,  [46] )  Mr.  Brownbw'a 
motion  relative  to  the  indictments 
fiv  riot  at  the  Dublin  theatre,  [69] ; 
his  motion  against  Mr*  Pluukett, 
[68] ;  Sir  F.  Burdett*s  motion  Ibr  in 
mquiry  into  the  conduct  of  the  she- 
riff of  Dublin,  [661;  Irish  tithe- 
composition  bill,  [63] ;  Mr.  Hume*8 
motion  against  the  Irish  ehur^ 
establishment,  [691 ;  motion  reapeet- 
ing  the  office  of  lord  lieutenant, 
[70] ;  Catholic  question,  [73]  i&ioaa 
between  Messrs.  Qanning  and 
Brougham,  [76];  bills  for  confer- 
ring tke  elective  firanohise  on  Eng- 
lish Catholics,  [60] ;  and  for  making 
them  eligible  to  certain  offices, 
[81] ;  lord  Colchester's  motion  rr- 
speoUngCathoUca,  [i^l ;  petition  for 
nirliamentary  refonu^ll^]  «*  ^^^  *^* 
RusseU*s  motion  respecting  ditto. 


[lb.] ;  elective  franchise  in  Scotland, 
Tough  of  Inverness,  [83. 


t 


election  of  magistrates  for  the 
gh  of  Inverness,  [831;  im- 
provement in  the  criminal  oode, 
[85] ;  bills  for  removing  capital  pu- 
nishment firom  oertam  ofiences, 
[86] ;  interment  of  suicides,  [881 ; 
law  of  principal  and  factor,  [89j ; 
new  marriage  law,  \ib.\t  iMHirt  of 
chanc»7,  [93];  lamellate  jurisdic- 
tion, 116.] ;  Borthwick*s  caae,  [94]  : 
agricultural  distress,  [95];  motion 
for  a  reduction  in  the  import  price 
of  com,  [97 J ;  Mr.  Western's  mo- 
tion on  the  currency,  [100] ;  equit- 
able adjustment  of  contracts^  [101] ; 
re^appointment  of  committee  on 
Foreign  trade,  [t6,]#  warehousing 
bill,  no*];  reciprocity  of  duties 
bill,  [103]  I  beer  bill,  [104];  silk 
trade,  [105] ;  improved  finances  of 
the  country,  [107] ;  repeal  and  di- 
minution  of  several  of  the  assessed 
Uxes,  [108] ;  error  in  the  statement 
respecting  the  surplus  revenue, 
[109];  contract  with  the  Bank, 
[110] ;  bill  mulating  the  reduction 
of  the  nation^  debt,  [111] ;  budget, 
[1131;  amount  of  taxes  reduced 
since  the  war,  Hl7]j  Mr.  Maber- 


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r  W  D  E  X. 


BdioHxm  respeetiiiff  the  redemp- 
of  the  Umdtax,  IU8J ;  tax  on 
ign  wools,  [119];  motion  re> 
specttng  the  office  of  the  lieutenant- 
generaTof  the  ordnance,  n^.];  New- 
foundland, New  South  Wales,  &c. 
[121] ;  proposed  eaualisation  of  du- 
ties on  East  and  West  Indian  sugar, 
[16.] ;  Mr.  Buxton's  motion  on  the 
•lave-trade,  [1271;  Mr.  Bowring^i 
imprisonment,  [138];  MrkSerres's 
chimis,  [HI  j ;  parliament  prorogued 
by  commission,  [144] 

Fftrlittnentary  Reiform,  petition  for, 
[81];  » 

Parricide:  John  Keys,  36;  Abel 
Griffiths,  77 

Parry,  capt.  his  second  voyage.  271* 

Patent,  case  of  infringement  of,  tried 
in  King's  Bench,  IM 

Patents,  List  of,  311* 

Pepe,  gen.;  duel  with  gen.  Cans, 
cosa,^ 

Persia,  Treaty  of  Pe^e  with  Tur. 
key,  [237];  official  invitation  from 
the  Prince  Royal  to  settlers,  86 

Peru,   Abdication    of  San    Martin, 

246];  expedition  against  Canterac, 

•ft.];    successes  of  the  Spaniards, 

'i6.j;   Aguera    chosen    president, 

ib.] ;  Lima  occupied  by  Canterac, 

249] ;  Dissensions  between  As^uera 

and  the  Congress,  [ib,) ;  total  defeat 

of  the    Royalists,   (Uk\;    Bolivar 

placed  at  the  head  of  affah^  [250  J ; 

Aguera  t«ken  prisoner,  [251];  chiU 

dren  bom  of  slaves  declared  free, 

92* ;  treaty  with  Columbia,  204* 

Piracies:  La Zaragozana,  pirate  ves- 
sel, 42;  La  Oata,  ditto,  43;  Aaron 
Smith,  tried  for  Piracy,  158 

Pius  VIL,  his  death,  231 ;  memoir 
oL  910* 

Platma^  new  chemical  combination 
from,  with  hydrogen  gas,  300* 

Plunkett,  Mr.,  Attorney  Gen.  for  Ire- 
land, his  conduct  respecting  the 
trial  of  the  rioters  at  Dublin  lliea- 
tre,  [51];  Mr.  Brownlow's  motion 
agionst,  [53] ;  opposes  Mr.  Hume 
on  the  question  or  the  Irish  Church 
EstabUsnment,  [69];  extract  from 
his  speech  on  the  Catholic  Ques* 
tion,i74] 

Poetry,  331* 

Poison,  duelling  with,  68 

Polar  Sea,  capt.  Franklin's  journey  to, 
25l» 

Police,  commitments,  number  o^  253 

P6rter,  quantity  of,  brewed  in  London, 
inl8S3,96 


Porter,  oommodore,  em^md  lo  pA 
down  piracies  in  Cuba,  188« 

Pbrto  Rico,  [254] 

Portsmouth,  lord,  case  c£,  25 

Portugal:  assurance  of  protocti« 
from  Great  Britain,  [211];  Ama- 
rante*s  insurrection,  [212] ;  Bcso's 
defeat,  [ib,] ;  Amarante  retreataSito 
Snain,  [213];  arrests  at  lAAtm^ 
rM>] ;  insurrection  of  the  93rd  regC^ 
^14];  prince  Mi{ruel*sfl^t,  [£]: 
Kin{f*s  proclamatinn,  [215];  new 
mimstry,  [216];  dissolution  of  the 
Cortes,  [ib.)  I  sir  B.  WHsoil,  Uk]; 
French  embassy,  [ib.] ;  aeparaticiisf 
Brazil,  [217]— see  Bra*Ui  Madeira*i 
expedition  afndnst  Bahia,  [228]; 
suppression  of  commerce  wiUi  For- 
tugal,  suggested  by  Russia,  as  a 
measure  mr  inducing  it  to  aMiA 
the  SUve^nide,  8^;  refnaes  te 
accede  to  any  measuree  te  the 
abolition  of  slavery,  87*;  FkVBoenot 
hostile  to  Portu|^  147* ;  state  sT 
education,  328* 

Po8t4>ffice,  and  mails,  of  the  United 
SUtes,  190* 

Poyais  Settlers,  letter  from  one,  13S 

Preacher,  female,  69 

Prices:  Stocks,  247 ;  Sugar,  Hay, aai 
Wheat,  248;  ButcheA  Meat,  20 

Princess  Olive,— see  Strret. 

Prisons,  return  of  commitiaeats  to 
251 

Privateering,  prqjeeted '  aboUtiaB  d, 
185« 

Prize-poem:  Stonehenge, 396* 

Probert,  W.,  arrested  for  Wcaie'i 
murder,  141 

Prussia:  establishment  of 
assemblies,  [174];  edict 
secret  associations,  [25.]; 
tions  on  the  Press,  [175] ;  i 
reUtive  to  the  Slave-tnde,  84*; 
number  of  students  at  the  nntveni* 
ties,  327* 

Public  Documents,  Oomestie,  50*; 
Foreign,  93» 

Incmne,  Tables  o^  214 

■  Offices,  increase  and  dimiBa* 

tion  of  salaries,  59* 

Records,  66* 

Puffing,  French  theatrical,  84 

Raddifi^,  Mrs.,  death  o^  190 

Raebum,  sir  H.,  death  o^  199 

Ravenga,  Blr.,  arrest  of^  36 

Records,  Public,  evidence  on  the  stale 
0^  66*;  engrossii^  bills  la  the 
House  of  Commons,  <5. ;  the  writ- 


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INDEX. 


in  the  records  of  tlie 
j's-bench  and  Common-pleas, 
68* ;  whether  rolls  or  books  are 
pn&xMe  for  records,  09* ;  the  ink 
and  parchment  used,  70* 

Refraction  of  light,  in  the  arctic  seas, 
293» 

Beportss  on  the  Agriculture  and 
Trade  of  New  South  Wales  and 
Tan  Dieman's  I.«nd,  71* ;  of  the 
Afiican  Institution,  SO* 

Revenue,  sUte  of,  [115] ;  Tables  of, 
fU 

Ribbandism  in  Ireland,  5 

Ricaree  Indians,  hostilities  with  the 
United  SUtes,  [240]  ;  187* 

Richards,  sir  R. ;  chief  baron,  death 
oC;310 

■  Mrs.,  murder  o^  44* 

Richardson,  I>r.,  accompanies  captain 
Franklin,  251*  ;  his  separate  expe* 
dition,  967*;  shoots  Michel,  the 
Iroquois,  969 

Riddle,  336* 

Riego,  his  expedition,  [200];  defeat 
and  capture,  [902] ;  death,  [210] 

Rome,  destruction  of  St.  Paul's,  by 
fire,  80 

Roxbuiigh,  duke  of,  death  of,  200 

Rushbeauings,  94 

Russia:  Mr.  Brougham*«  remarks  on 
its  conduct  towai^s  Spain,  [9],  [11]; 
its  intentions  respecting  the  West- 
em  Coast  of  America  not  known, 
[179] ;  interview  between  the  em- 
peror and  the  emperor  of  Austria, 
[<&]«  commercial  transactions  with 
Spam  and  Portu^  forbidden,  48 ; 
claims  of  exclusive  jurisdiction  on 
the  north-west  coast  of  America, 
52  ;  finances,  153*;  population,  Ac. 
328* 

Russian  voyage  of  discovery,  291* 

St.  Vincent,  earl,  death  oi;  92;  Me- 
moir oi^  220* 

Sakberry,  De,  Steam-boat,  fire  on 
board,  71 

Sahuies  in  public  offices,  increase  and 
diminution  o^  59* 

San  Miguel,  Spanish  Minister,  con- 
ference with  sir  W.  A'Court,  re- 
specting the  course  likely  to  be  pur- 
sued bv  Great  Britain  with  respect 
toSpam,  H6»,  119* ; letter  to  ditto, 

Smpta,  conflagration  at,  106 
Savary,   gen.  (duke  of  Rovigo).   ac- 
count of  the  death  of  theducD*£iiff. 
hien,  248*  * 


Schools,  parochial,  in  IrtUnd,  56* 

Scoresby,  Mr.,  on  the  refaction  of 
light  in  the  Arctic  seas,  293* ;  <A>- 
servations  on  the  aurora-borealii» 
294* ;  experiments  relative  to  mag' 
netism  by  percussion,  299* 

Seidlitz  powders,  infiingement  of 
patent  n»r,  156 

Serres,  Mrs.,  her  claims  to  be  recog- 
nised as  princess  of  Cumberlaiid, 
and  Mr.  Peel's  exposure  of  the  im- 
position, [141];  meeting  for  her 
relief,  108 

Sesrions,    sec  Atihet. 

Shipping,  British  merchant,  increase 

Ships:  capture  of  La  Velos  Mariana, 

by  the  Jean  Bart,  57 
Shipwrecks :  the  Windermere  of  Li- 
verpool, 7 ;  loss  of  the  Alert  packet, 
39 ;  Brig  Robert,  of  the  Isle  of  Man, 
66 ;  narrative  of  the  crew  of  the 
Princess  of  Wales,  144 
Shrewsbury,  missionair,  his  meeting- 
house destroyed  at  Barbadoes,  and 
his  escape  fhim  the  island,  [134] 
Shrewsbuxy,  street-preachers  at,  70 
Siam,  Mr.  Crawfiird's  mission  to,  100 
Sierra  Leone,  improved  state  o^  91* 
Silk-trade,    proposed    repeal    of  the 

Sintalfields  Acts,  [105J 
Sinking  fund,   proposed    substitution 

fi)r,  [118] 
Slave-trade :  Mr.  Buxton*s  motion  for 
its  abolishment  in  the  British  Colo- 
nies, [127];  the  resolutions  uro- 
posed  by  ministers,  [130];  lord 
Bad)urst*scircular  to  the  West-India 
colonies,  libAnoU;  negotiations  re- 
specting, at  the  Congress  of  Verona, 
80*  ;  measures  advised  for  checking 
the  contraband  trade  carried  on 
under  the  French  flag,  82* ;  policy 
of  Prussia  and  Russu^  84* ;  little 
hope  of  suppression  of  Hkverv,  87* ; 
capture  of  French  and  Spanish  slavo- 
8hips,88*  ;  ameliorateci  condition  of 
slaves  in  Cevlon,  89*;  activity  of 
tur  R.  T.  Farquhar  in  abolishing 
slavery  in  the  Isle  of  France,  &c, 
90«;  state  of  the  shive-trade  in 
Bouiton  and  Madagascar,  ib, ;  Zan- 
guebar,  91* ;  Peru,  children  bom  of 
slaves  declared  free,  92* ;  Societies 
formed  for  the  abolition  of  the 
slave-trade,  «6.;  Dr.  Lushington's 
bin,  93* ;  proscription  of  slavery, 
proposed    by    the   United    States> 

Smith,    missionary,   imprisoned  and 


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triei  al  DMi6i»n|,  fiur 

with  the  revolted  akvee,  [1371  {  his 

deftth,[<6.] 

SfOMnet,  lord  Fiteroy,  aeat  with 
a  confidential  qomipunif  tion  to 
Spain,  [tSl  118*;  duke  c^  Wei. 
lingteo'a  memorandum  to,  1 16* ;  lei* 
ter  to  Mr.  Canning,  132* 

SnewhouBes,  258«,  273* 

SemiiAi&buliBmy  extnuirdinarj  eatie  of, 
183 

South  PoUur  ocean,  discoveries  in,  291* 

Spain :  Mr.  Brouj^m's  speech  on  the 
interference  of  the  continental  So- 
verngns,  [8];  discusBionB  in  par* 
liament  respecting  Spain,  [15}^;  re- 
peal of  the  prombition  of  the  ex- 
portation of  arms  thither,  [171 «  ^- 
jdomatic  papers  relative  to  France 
and  Spain,  laid  before  parliament, 
[181  i  debate  on  the  Spanish  nego- 
tiationa,  [38];  state  or  feeling  ui 
England,  towards  Spain,  [47] ;  de- 
bates in  the  French  chamber  rela- 
tive ta  war  with,  [151]  *,  proceedings 
of  the  Cortes  respecting  the  com- 
munication firom  toe  Holy  Alliance, 
[181];  the  king^s  reply  to  thead^ 
drees  oftheCoite8,[  182];  proceed- 
ings of  the  Cortes  after  the  com- 
munication of  the  kins  of  France's 
speech,  [183] ;  close  oF  the  extraor- 
oinary  Cortes,  [ib.] ;  operations  ol' 
Mina,  [1841;  Bessieres  and  Ulman 
march  on  Madrid,  [ibJ] ;  but  retreat, 
[185] ;  Uhnan  enters  Valencia,  [«&.] ; 
the  king  refuses  to  transfer  the 
government  from  Madrid,  [ib.;] 
changes  in  the  ministiT,[186]  ;open  • 
ing  of*  the  Cortes,  [187] ;  removal  of 
the  kingand  Cortes  to  Seville,  [188] ; 
military  preparations,  [ibJ];  com- 
mencement of  the  campaign,  [189] ; 
blockade  of  San  Sebastian,  [190] ; 
march  of  the  French  on  5ladrid, 
J ;  operations  in  Catalonia,  [«6.] ; 
neres*  attack  on  Madrid,  [192]  ; 
regency  established  at  Madrid, 
[183] ;  treadierv  of  Abisbal,  [i9i] ; 

firoceedings  of  the  Cort^,  at  Seville, 
i6.] ;  removal  of  the  king  to  Cadi«, 
19^]  {  Bourck's  operations  against 
the  Constitutionalists,  [197] ;  Mo- 
rillo*s  defection,  [ i*.] ;  Corunna  at- 
tacked by  Bourdr,  [198];  entered 
bv  MoriUo,  [199];  reverses  uf  the 
Constitutionalists,  [16.1 ;  defection  of 
BaUasteros  [200]  i  Kiego*s  expedi- 
tion,  [ib,] ;  his  defeat  and  capture, 
(902];    Uockade     of    Barcelona, 


rt03] ;  Miba's  Yictilr/  over  the 
Frtncfa,  [SOi];  duke  of  Angn- 
Ume  befon  Oadis,  [!».];  hu cokr. 
spottdence  with  Ferdinand,  [MM; 
capture  of  the  Tiocadera,  [i06]; 
negotations,  [907];  Ferdisnid  le- 
murs to  the  head  quarters  of  the 
French,  [•»]. ;  surrender  of  Ca4ia» 
[908];  and  of  various  lbrtMsei,(«i]; 
termination  of  the  cinyaign,  [ik']; 
Ferdinand's  decree  against  the  Con- 
stitutioiuilists,  [209];  Bim^sexe- 
cution,  [210]  ;  change  in  the  waA' 
try,  r^J ;  waf  dedated  by  Mexko, 
[243]  ;  operation  in  CohuBbia,--«e 
Columbia ;  diplomatic  oone^poDd- 
^^ce  respecting  the  reUtions  he* 
tween  Spain  and  France^  98*; 
dispatch  of  the  Miniater  Ibr  F^ 
reign  Af&irs,  to  M-  de  Cohmh, 
104*;  conduct  of  Great  Brilwi 
in  a  rupture  between  FzaDct  sad 
Spain,  130* ;  capture  and  deiHttc- 
tion  of  British  vessels,  148*;  rq/tf' 
to  the  French  Mioiatrv,  li4*: 
notes  to  the  Chaxg^  (f  Affiwes, 
at  the  different  Courts^  ISS*  ;  Ad- 
dress voted  by  the  Cortes  to  the 
king,  157*;  prodainatioa  of  the 
duke  of  Angoul^ie,  158*;  king's 
speech  at  cUsing  the  Se»Miii  ef 
1823.  160*  i  reply  of  the  Pftewhit 
of  the  Cortes,  163«;  king's  prods- 
mation  before  quittii^  Cams,  1C6*: 
preliminary  confventioii  with  Bae- 
nos  Ayres,  196* 

Spanish  Subscription  Fancy  Ball,  md 
Covent  Garden,  85 

Spanish  and  Portuguese  Ambswidnni 
entertainment  given  to,  28 

Span  ishSlaveShips,  capture  oCB9*f8^ 

Sparrows,  utility  o^  in  destroying  a* 
terpiUars,  303* 

Speech,  King's,  at  the  openiiwof per- 
liament,  [41 ;  of  the  king  of  Fiaaoe, 
[149];  of  the  Ung  of  Sweden  at  the 
close  ofthe  Diet,  151* 

Spinach,  New  Zealand,  307* 

Statistics:    Pbris,  384;   Swndee  m^ 


Norway,  327* ;  Russia,  328*;  Wi- 

tugal,  «A. 
Steam,  poultry  hatched  by,  310* 
Stock  in  trade,  liahaity  ei;  to  peel's 

rates,  76 
Stockhohu,  flbtitiotts  ordecs  to  gm- 

Geile,  &c.,  put  into  the  post,  39 
Stocks,  247 
Stoffel,   FhUip,  tried  lor  ■ardir  tf 

Mrs.  Jtichards,  4i* 
Stonehenge,  prize  poem,  368^ 


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I  N  DE  X. 


St«m»  dxmdSaX,  ai  Mmk^  140 
Stiwigth  of  aaiiiialfly  oomptiatiTe»  S8B^ 
Stutfi^  Mini  curtd  hj  Prince  Hohen- 
lohe,10B 

■■    sir   C  corretpondence  with 
Mr.    Ctfuing,    U3^    1H%   19«% 
li8*,  13»»,  S;*,  140« 
Styiian  ercning  hrmm  331^ 
SucoQfyy  uied  as  btuiched  nlliid,  304* 
Sugtn  propoied  equalisation  of  the 
duties  of  £ast   and    West  India 
Sugtfs,  ri!»l];    fisk   prenrred  by 
•twar.SoS* 
Suicides  t  law  passed  respecting  their 
intemieat,  [88] ;  extiaordinaij  one, 
<K>)  instance  of  siiidde  and  pani- 
dde  (A.  Griffiths),  77  ;  number  of 
suicides  at  Paris,  ^5* 
Swrnatarkf  dissensions  between  the  na** 

tives,  [171] 
Superstition,  instance  of,  70 ;  of  the 

Northecn  Indians^  2U* 
Sweden :  measures  of  the  Diet,  and 
the  king's  speech,  [178],  161«;  po« 
pulation,  &c.  327* 
Swedenboftt's  skull,  42 
SwitserlanO,  decrees    respecting  the 
cansorshin  of  the  press,  and  foreign- 
ers, [1771 ;  measures  of  the  Diet, 
ri79];   &rther    demands    of  the 
Holy  Alliance,  [ik] ;  instance  of  &- 
naticism  at  2unch,  41 

Talleyrand,  wishes   to   prevent  the 
publication   of  Savary^   asemoirS) 

Tables,  Public  Inooine,  tl4 

— *— Expeaditure,  216 
Diqiosition  of  Grants,  217 
Wavs  and  Means,  227 
Uufiiaded  Debt,  228 
Funded  Do.,  288 
Trade  of  Great  Britain,  2S1 

-Ireland,  232 

Navigation,  233 
Prices,  of  Stocks,  247 

Tattooing,  as  periftormed  l^  the  Giees, 

Tasb^  Assessed,  vepeali  or  diminu* 

tion  of  sefcnl,  [lOBl;  amount  of 

those  repealed  since  the  war,  [117], 

note. 
Thermometers,    variation    in    their 

bulbs,  298» 
Thompson's  Island,  malignant  fever 

at,  188* 
Thorpe  (Sheriff  of  Dublin)  see  Dublin 
Thurtell,  J.,    murders    Mr.   Wearc, 

141 
'  Tinperary,  destruction  of  jtroperty  tgr 

nrein,52* 


Tndet  ioMign  tisdt.  [1011;  f^t^ 
prodty  of  diittes  bilU  [105] ;  ddp» 
ing,  (1041;  of  Great  Britain,  ttly 
flOrdan^  232;    state  of  trade  in 


New  South  Waks,  71* 

Tread-miU,  96 ;  sir  J.  C  Hippeslejhi 
letter  oai  113 

Treasury  Chambers:  the  DeoeAn 
prize  case,  17 

Trials:  Msd.  Lecoufie  and  son,  miir« 
der,  [166] ;  Thomas  Hu(^  admi- 
nistering an  unbiwiul  oath,  6;  W« 
Moore,  assault  on  inn.  Kerr,  80; 
J.  Bdib,  murder,  21 ;  W.  Axdsn, 
Jtc  unnatmral  crimes  30 ;  Eliaabeth 
Bryant  and  danditer,  mahning 
Anne  Burgess,  m3;  Kraus,  ftc, 
killing  two  Custom«houae  officers, 
53 ;  J.  Burrows,  rape,  01 ;  Henry 
Delan,  murder,  83;  Pat.  M<Cann, 
muroer,  84 ;  Begu  and  Laffikrcade, 
Paris,  murder,  W;  W.  DnoaUy, 
murder  of  his  wife,  103;  W.  B- 
DjTson,  murder,  121 ;  Beeman  and 
Cahuac,  stealing  books,  125;  J. 
Wilson,  assault  on  his  own  daughter, 
128 ;  James  and  Sanh  Bozbero^gh, 
imposition  and  stealing,  138 ;  Shore, 
&&,  robbery,  140;  Aaron  Smith, 
piracy,  158 ;  V.  Simon,  murder  of 


[166],  18*;  T.  Randall  and  J. 
Croker,  murder,  37* ;  P.  Stofibl 
and  C  Keppel,  murder,  44* 

Trimleston,  lord,  triab  in  the  House 
of  Lords  respecting  the  validity  dT 
his  will,  73 

Turkey :  war  with  theGrseks,  [23S]; 
military  operations,  [234] ;  massacre 
of  the  Greeks  at  Peiuamo,  [235] ; 
affiursatCoBStantinople,  [tt.] ;  quar- 
rel and  negotiations  with  Russia, 
[236] ;  arrangements  with  Austria, 
[ib.]  i  treaty  with  Persia,  [237] 

Vaccination,  introduced  into  Africa, 

92* 
Van  Dieman's  Land  t  .its geograpUcal 

divisions  and  -agriciiltural  produce, 
77*  ;  number  of  cattle,  78*  ;  grants 
ot  land,  ib, ;  trade,  ib. ;  ecclesiastical 
establishment,  79*;  population  re- 
venue,  ib. ;  public  expenditure,  80* 
Vansittart,  Mr.,  created  lord  Bezley, 

[3] 
Ve^tation,  in  atmospheres   of  dif- 
ferent  densities,  experiments  on, 
301* 


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V^oZy  Mariana,  captured  by  the  Jean 
Bart,  57 

Verona,  Congreas  at,  [101;  negotia- 
tiona  rerouting  the  Sjave-taBde, 
90*;  reaolutioiis  respecUnff  ditto, 
65*;  determinatioiw  reapecniiff  the 
*  xelationa  between  France  and  Spain, 
HI* 

Teasela,  British,  convention  respect- 
ing the  capture  and  detention  of, 
bj  Spanish  authorities,  148* 

Vkplante,  French  shive  ^p,  captured 
or  lieutenant  Mildmay,  9^* 

Umted  States :  law  against  the  slave- 
trade,  [S38] ;  opening  of  Congress, 
[ibJ] ;  n^rotiations  with  £ngland  to, 
289];  Fhiances,  [Ift.];  muurei 
with  the  Riocaree  Indians,  [240] ; 
Message  to  Congress,  183*;  nego* 
tiations  with  Great  Britain  respect- 
ing boundary,  184* ;  negotiations 
with  France  and  Russia,  ib. ;  pro- 
jected proscription  of  the  Slave- 
trade,  and  privateering,  185* ;  mi- 
nisters appcnnted  to  Cohm^na,  &c., 
186*;  finances  and  army,  t>. ;  ord- 
nance department,  187* ;  hostilities 
of  the  Biccarees,  16. ;  Militia  and 
Navy,  188* ;  nutting  down  fancies, 
189* ;  posUyffice  department,  190* ; 
prcnected  junction  of  the  Chesapeak 

'  and  Ohio,  191*;  improvements  at 
Cape  Henlopen,  192* ;  widies  &r 
the  success  of  ^  Gre^  cause,  ih,; 
policy  towards  £urope,  193*;  in- 
creased population,  19i*;  table  of 
finances,  195* 

Vdtaic,  apparatus,  Mr.  J^epys'y  298* 

V^rafles :  capt.  Parry's  seemul  vqjage, 
271* ;  Russian  voyage  of  discovenr, 
291* 

Wallace,  Mr.,  answer  to  the  address 
respectingthe  trade  of  the  port  of 
London,  23 

Wanstead^ouse,  sale  o^  65 

Warehousing-biU,  passed,  flOSl 

Warsaw,  Jew  shot  at,  for  naud,  66 

Waterspout,  at  Padiham,108 

Weare,  Mr.,  murder  of,  141 

Wellesleyy  marquis,  (lord  lieutenant 


of  Iiebiid)  6«taii0t  ^pintt,  al  tfe 
theatre,  21*;  tottets  ftmn,  <m  the 
state  of  Ireland,  50* ;  Ins  adaoB- 
tration  in  India,  228* 

Wellington,  duke  of^  negodatiflitt  at 
Verona,  [19] ;  carrespoodenoe  witt 
Mr.  Canning  respectii^  France  and 
Spain,  96*;  answer  to  the  Freach 
flenipoteatiary,  98*;  laeiufflBW* 
dum  fi)r  lord  Fitzroy  Somctaet, 
116* 

West  Indies:  discumions  in  Pailia- 
ment  rdative  to  their  intereats  ia 
the  sugar-trade,  [122];  akna  ai 
the  proceedings  in  parijamewt  le- 
specung  the  flStve^trade,  [US}— see 
Jamaica  f  depreciation  of  proper^, 
97 

WeyhiU,  teasdated  pavement  dooa- 
veredat,  6T 

Whiteboyism,  124 

Wilberfinxre,  speech  on  the  oandnct  of 
ministers  towards  Spain,  [29] 

Wild  beasts,  escape  m,  finxn  a 
van,  26 

Wilson,  sir  R^  his  expe^Kcioo 
Spain,  [197];  imprisoned  at  Br 
[216] ;  address  to  the  Portngneie, 

Wmcbester,  Bishop  o^  heir  of  air 

Thomas  Pretyman,  38 
Wine,  quantity  expc^rted  fixmi  Opor- 
to, 1 
Wirtembeig,— see  Genamy 
Witchcraft,  m-etended,  139 
Woilaston,  Dr.,  elected  associate  o 

the  French  Institute,  38 
Woman,  wild,  discovered  in  Spain,  I 
Wool,  foreion,  petition  for  repeals! 

duties  on,  [119] 
Wootton  Basset,  namting  of  the  amr- 

der  of   archhiaiiop  Bedoett  disca- 

vered^  118 
Writii^,  what  kind  of  hands  best  ftr 

pubbc  records,  Slc,  67* 

Zanguebar,  state  of  the  sUve-trade, 

Zaxagozana,  (pfaraie  sdiooner),  taken 
by  the  Tyne  and  ThraGiaa,  42 


T.  C.  HANSARD,  PAnm*]rosTsi»-«Oir  Pmsas. 


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3  tlOS  013  370  ai3 


Stiitfom  Unlnrslt)  Lttmy 

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