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ANNUAL REPORT
SCHOOL COMMITTEE
CITY OF BOSTON 1909
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15 1909
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15 — 1909
ANNUAL REPORT
SCHOOL COMMITTEE
CITY OF BOSTON
1909
CITY OF BOSTON
PRINTING DEPARTMENT
1910
BOSTON Stn
L;UL L-V^ir, T,: : i L!
\K.yA^ ^ ^ \C> \0
REPORT.
SCHOOL SYSTEM.
The public school system of Boston comprises^ one Normal
School, the Public Latin School (for boys), the Girls' Latin
School, the English High School (for boys), the Girls' High
School, the Brighton, Charlestown, Dorchester, East Boston,
Roxbur>^, South Boston and West Roxbury High Schools,
the High School of Commerce (for boys), the Mechanic Arts
High School (for boys), the High School of Practical Arts (for
girls), sixty-five Elementary Schools, one hundred ten Kinder-
gartens, one School for the Deaf, five Evening High Schools,
fourteen Evening Elementary Schools, five Evening Indus-
trial Schools and a special school on Spectacle Island.
STATISTICS.^
The following statistics are for the school year ended June
30, 1909, except those giving the number of children in Boston
between the ages of five and fifteen yeare, and the number
attending public and private schools, which are from the
census taken September 1, 1909 :
Number of children in Boston between the ages of five and fifteen
September 1, 1909 115,527
Number attending pubUc schools September 1, 1909 88,704
Number attending private schools September 1, 1909 17,912
\^^lole number of different pupils registered in the public day
schools during the year ended June 30, 1909: Boys, 57,247;
girls, 54,474 — Total 111,721
REGULAR SCHOOLS.
Normal Schools.
Number of teachers 16
Average number of pupils belonging 211
Average attendance 204
I June 30. 1909.
* Other and more complete statistics may be found in School Documents Nos. 5 and
11, 1909.
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
Latin and High Schools.
Number of schools 14
Number of teachers 350
Average number of pupils belonging 9,725
Average attendance 9,118
Elementary Schools.
Number of schools 65
Number of teachers 2,042
Average number of pupils belonging 82,396
Average attendance 75,762
Kindergartens.
Number of schools 110
Number of teachers 217
Average number of pupils belonging 5,571
Average attendance 4,304
SPECIAL SCHOOLS.
Horace Mann School for the Deaf.
Number of teachers 17
Average number of pupils belonging 153
Average attendance 136
Evening Schools.^
Number of schools 19
Number of teachers 304
Average number of pupils belonging 11,378
Average attendance 7,821
Evening Industrial School.
Number of schools 5
Number of teachers 26
Average number of pupils belonging 702
Average attendance . - 488
Spectacle Island School.
Number of teachers 1
Average number of pupils belonging 12
Average attendance ' H
J The Central Evening High School is organized in two divisions, Division I. holding
sessions on Monday, Wednesday and Friday evenings; Division II. on Tuesday and
Thursday evenings. Thus there are practically two sets of pupils and but one set of
teachers. For statistical purposes the two sets of pupils reported by this school are
added together, while the teachers are counted but once.
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 5
RECAPITULATION.
Number of schools:
Regular 190
Special 26
Total 216
Number of teachers:
In regular schools 2,625
In special schools 348
Total 2,973
Average number of pupils belonging:
In regular schools 97,903
In special schools 12,245
Total 110,148
Average attendance:
In regular schools 89,388
In special schools 8,456
Total 97,844
ADDITIONAL SCHOOL ACCOMMODATIONS.
Under the provisions of Chapter 450 of the Acts of 1907 the
sum of S500,000 became available during the year for addi-
tional school accommodations, and appropriate action was
taken by the School Committee and by the Board of School-
house Commissioners to proceed with the following list of
items:
School District.
Number
of Pupils.
Estimated
Cost.
1. Adams District, elementary school, upper grades ....
616
704
440
320
$115,000
2. Sherwin District, elementary school, upper grades
3. Lewis District, elementary school, lower grades
175,000
85,000
4. Dwight District, high school (Girls' High School)
90,000
35,000
Total
$500,000
On Jime 7, 1909, the School Committee passed an order requesting the
Board of Schoolhouse Commissioners to provide accommodations for a
6 SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
day industrial school for girls, to comprise approximately 240 pupils, to
be situated in the Everett District, and later, by a concurrent vote of the
two Boards, the sum of $40,000 was transferred from Item 1 in the fore-
going list to meet the cost of this new school.
The following is a brief statement of progress made in
providing the accommodations specified above during the
year:
Item 1.
Elementanj School, Adams District. — Samuel Adams School, to be
located at the corner of Webster and Brigham streets, East Boston; to
contain fourteen class rooms, assembly hall, a manual training room,
a cooking room, master's office, teachers' room and nurse's room. Will be
ready for occupancy about November, 1910. t^ .,
Item 2.
Elementary School, Sherwin District. — Lafayette School, to be located
on Ruggles street, Roxbury: to contain eight class rooms, nurse's room
and teachers' room; one of the class rooms to be used as a "fresh-air room."
The building will be ready for occupancy about December, 1910.
Elementary School, Sherwin District. — George T. AngeU School, to be
located on Hunneman street, Roxbury; to contain sixteen class rooms,
assembly hall, a manual training room, cooking room and a nurse's
room. Eight rooms will be ready for occupancy about January, 1911,
and an eight-room addition will be made later.
Item 3.
Elementary School, Lewis District. — William Lloyd Garrison School,
Hutchings and Brookledge streets, Roxbury; to contain nine class rooms,
nurse's room, teachers' room and kindergarten. The building will be
ready for occupancy about October, 1910.
Item It-
High School, Dwight District. — Girls' High School Annex, to be located
on lot adjoining present Girls' High School on Pembroke street; to
contain lunch room, gymnasiuqn and eight class rooms. It will be ready
for occupancy about January, 1911.
Trade School for Girls.
As stated above, the sum of $40,000 was transferred from Item.l of the
list for 1909 (Adams District. Elementary School, upper grades), and was
expended for the purchase of the land and building from the Boston
Academy of the Sacred Heart, located at 6 IS Massachusetts avenue,
for a Girls' Trade School. The building was fitted up and occupied for
this purpose in Octol^er, 1909.
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 7
The progress made with regard to the items authorized in
1908 and referred to in the annual report for that year is as
follows :
Item 1.
Edward Everett School. — Situated on Pleasant street, Dorchester, con-
taining fourteen class rooms, a manual training room, a cooking room
and an assembly hall, completed and occupied in September, 1909.
Ite77i 2.
Elementary School, Brimmer District. — Abraham Lincoln School,
situated on Ferdinand, Melrose and Fayette streets; to contain forty class
rooms, a manual training room, a cooking room and an assembly haU.
The work has been contracted for and the building will be ready for occu-
pancy about January, 19 IL
Item S.
Administrative Office, Eliot District. — Completed and occupied September
9, 1908.
Item 4.
Elementary School, Blackinton District. — Bishop Cheverus School, con-
taining sixteen class rooms, a manual training room, a cooking room and
an assembly hall, completed and occupied September, 1909.
Item 5.
Elementary School, Dudley District. — Nathan Hale School, situated on
Cedar street, Roxbury, containing twelve class rooms, completed and
occupied September, 1909.
Item 6.
Henry L. Pierce District. — Dorchester High Annex, situated on Lithgow
street, Dorchester, containing eighteen class rooms, a wood working room,
a metal handicraft room, a mechanical drawing room, and wardrobes in
basement; has been contracted for and will be ready for occupancy in Sep-
tember, 1910.
Item 7.
Longfellow District. — Addition to Longfellow School, situated on South
and Hewlett streets, Roslindale, containing eight class rooms and a cooking
room, completed and occupied in September, 1909.
High School of Commerce and School Administration Building.
Chapter 446 of the Acts of 1909 provides for the taking of land and the
erection of a building in the same manner that other school accommoda-
tions are obtained, in order to provide accommodations for the High
School of Commerce and the administration offices of the School Com-
mittee and of the Board of Schoolhouse Commissioners, and authorizes
the School Committee to appropriate for this purpose a sum not exceeding
$50,000 in the year 1909, $300,000 in 1910 and $250,000 in 1911, which
amounts are to be raised by the issue of bonds by the City Treasurer
8 SCHOOL DOCUMENT XO. 15.
The act further provides that the proceeds of the sale of the estate on
Mason street, occupied by the School Committee for office and other pur-
poses, and of the Winthrop School estate on Tremont street, shall be
apphed toward the cost of the land and building authorized by the act
On June 21 the School Committee designated the Winthrop District or
the Wendell PhiUips District as the district in which these accommoda-
tions are to be situated, and on September 7 appropriated the full
amount authorized by the act during the year, namely, 850,000. A site
was finally selected early in January, 1910, on Warrenton street, adjoining
the Brimmer School, and plans for the building in question are being pre-
pared under the direction of the Board of Schoolhouse Commissioners.
SCHOOL APPROPRIATIOXS.
The finances of the School Committee have been definitely
and completely separated from those of the City Council
since 1898, and since the passage of Chapter 400 of the Acts
of that year the School Committee has been allowed for the
support and maintenance of the public school system a
certain proportion of the tax levy; that is to say, all its
appropriations are based upon the average valuation of
the city, in the same manner that funds for other municipal
purposes are obtained. At that time it was assumed that
the natural increase in the valuation of the city would be
sufficient to meet the increasing cost of the school system,
but unfortunately the rate of increase which had been main-
tained up to 1898 diminished after that date in a most
astonishing manner. Further legislation, therefore, became
necessary in order that suflicient funds should be made avail-
able to meet the requirements of the schools.
The successive steps by which school appropriations have
been placed upon their present basis is shown by the follow-
ing table. It should be remembered, however, that the School
Committee has never taken advantage of its authority to
appropriate forty cents per 81,000 for new school buildings,
except in the year 1901-02, when a part of the proceeds of
this amount, namely, 890,000, was devoted to this purpose.
The reason for this failure to make such appropriations has
been in the objection of successive mayors to meeting the
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. \)
cost of additional school accommodations from the tax levy,
their preference having uniformly been that the amounts
needed for this puipose should be provided by loans. The
School Committee has felt constrained to meet the \iews of
the chief executives of the city in this respect, and has
therefore obtained money for new buildings by loans author-
ized by the Legislature, with the exception of S90,000 appro-
priated in 1901-02 for this puqwse.
APPROPRIATIONS FOR SUPPORT OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
From Tax Levy.
Ohiginal Act axd Amendments.
Year.
Per $1,000.
Acts for Special Purposes.
Chapter 400 of 1S9S:
1S98-99
82 80
Includes 25 cents per 81,000 for repairs
1S99-1900
2 85
and alterations.
1900-01
2 90
Amended by
Chapter 448 of 1901:
Includes 40 cents per 81,000 for new
1901-02
*3 40
school buildings, etc.
1902-03
3 40
Chapter 170 of 1903:
1903-04
3 40
Authorizes appropriation of .«60,000
1904-05
3 40
of the 40 cents per 81,000 for
1905-06
3 40
support of public schools during
1903-04.
Chapter 20.5 of 1906:
1906-07
3 40
Authorizes appropriation of .860,000
of the 25 cents per S1,000 for
support of public schools during
1906-07. Of this amount 815,000
was later re-transferred to repairs
and alterations.
1907-08
3 40
02
Physical Education.
(Chapter 295 of 1907.)
810,000
School Xurses.
(Chapter 357 of 1907.)
1908-09
3 40
04
Physical Education.
02
School Xurses.
05
Teachers' Pensions.
(Chapter 5S9 of 1908.)
1909-10
3 50
Chapter 388 of 1909:
04
Physical Education.
Provides increase in appropriation.
02
School Xurses.
Pro\-ision of 25 cents for repairs
05
Teachers' Pensions.
and alterations, and 40 cents for
new school buildiags unchanged.
1910-11
3 60
04
Physical Education.
•02
School Xurses.
f.5
Teachers' Pensions.
1
1911-12
3 70
1
and there-
04
Physical Education.
after.
02
School Xurses.
05
Teachers' Pensions.
* Of this amount, 890.000 appropriated for new buildings, being a part of proceeds of the
40 cents per 81,000 authorized by the act.
10 SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
ADDITIOXAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR GENERAL SCHOOL PURPOSES.
The most important accomplishment of the School Com-
mittee during the year has been the securing of the passage
of Chapter 388 of the Acts of 1909, which provides for an
increased appropriation at the rate of ten cents per thousand
dollars of the average valuation of the city for three succes-
sive years, beginning in 1909, the additional appropriation
for the first year amounting to $130,000, for the following
year about 8132,000 and for the third year (estimated)
S135,000.
These increased appropriations were needed for the pubhc
schools because the limit of economy had been reached, and
without them the schools could not be maintained on their
former standard. Serious and deplorable deficiencies in sup-
plies and incidentals, in books and other necessaiy educa-
tional equipment were manifest. In the absence of additional
money it would have been impossible to provide for the rea-
sonable expansion of the school system, and meet the growing
demands of the community. The School Committee desired
to cover more adequately certain fields of endeavor, and to
attempt others that might, \\ith great profit to the people, be
entered upon, among them to estabhsh day industrial schools,
with short terms, for boys and girls, above fourteen years of
age, who have completed the elementary school course; to
enlarge the opportunities for industrial education in the evening
schools; to modify the instruction in the elementary schools,
so as to adapt it more nearly to the industrial conditions of
the present time; to maintain during a larger portion of the
year evening schools in which illiterate minors and recently
arrived immigrants may acquire a knowledge of English and
receive instruction in ci\ic ideals; to cany into effect the
regulation pre^^ously adopted proxiding for the gradual
reduction of the number of pupils to a teacher in the elemen-
tary schools; to have school rooms swept and ^vindows
washed more frequently; to re-establish evening lectures;
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 1 1
to improve the professional equipment of teachers and
thereby assist the pupils in the most vital respect by the
worldng out of a plan for Normal School extension.
Much has been begun in these directions since the passage
of this most important act, as has been briefly outlined in
this statement. ]\Iuch more remains to be undertaken.
TRADE SCHOOL FOR GIRLS.
The initial steps for the establishment of a day trade school
for girls were taken by the School Committee on May 24,
1909, when the Commission on Industrial Education of the
Commonwealth was requested to establish such a school,
beginning with the following September, to be conducted
by the School Committee as agent for said commission.
On September 10, 1909, the Industrial Commission having
gone out of existence, the State Board of Education took
affirmative action and approved the proposed school, under
the provisions of Chapter 505 of the Acts of 1906 and other
acts supplementary thereto and amendatory thereof, appoint-
ing the School Committee its local representative in the
maintenance of the school, which began its sessions on Sep-
tember 15, 1909.
The school is situated at No. G20 Massachusetts avenue,
near Washington street, and may be reached by elevated
train to Northampton street, or by surface cars passing the
Northampton street transfer station.
The object of the school is: To give a trade training to
girls, between the ages of fourteen and eighteen years, who
are obliged to become, wage-earners. It aims to train its
pupils to enter trades and to give them greater opportunity
for development and self-support; to help them to understand
their relation to industry, and to improve their condition
morally, mentally and physically; to increase" their general
efficiency, and to relate this efficiency to the life of the home.
The academic instruction includes speUing, business forms,
12 SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
business English and accounts. Instruction is also given
in color study and design, in hygiene and physical training
and in cookeiy.
Pupils are admitted to this school from all parts of the city,
in the order of their application, until the seating capacity
of the school is exhausted. New classes are formed in July
and in September, at the beginning of the regular and of the
summer terms; also on the first Monday in November, in Jan-
uary, in March and in May. Non-residents may also be
admitted, but not to the exclusion of resident pupils. Unless
there is a reasonable prospect of a pupil's completing the
course it is not advisable for her to enter the school. All
pupils are considered to be on probation for the first month
after admission, and those who show no aptitude for any one
of its lines of work will be advised to withdraw.
The school year is divided into two terms — a regular term
and a summer term. The regular term corresponds to the
term of the high and elementary day schools. The summer
term begins on the fifth day of July, except when that day
falls upon a Saturday or Sunday, when the summer term
begins on the following Monday, or when the fourth day of
July falls upon a Sunday, when the summer term begins on
the following Tuesday, and continues until the last Friday
in August. The hours of session are from 8.30 o'clock a. m.
to 5 o'clock p. m. daily, except Saturdays, Sundays and legal
holidays, with a noon intermission of one hour in length.
An average of five and one-half hours daily is devoted to
trade instruction, and an average of about two hours to
supplementary academic work.
The length of the course for the at-erage pupil is one year,
and certificates will be granted to pupils who satisfactorily
complete the work of the school and prove their ability in
the trade elected.
The number of pupils belonging to this school on Novem-
ber 1, 1909, was 272.
J ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 13
COURSE OF STUDY.
Trades. (Each pupil elects one trade.)
I. DRESSMAKING.
1. Children s Garments. — Giving practice in construction, and in hand
and machine sewing, including use of electric power machine.
2. White Work. — Underwear, giving use of finer material; construction
of larger garments; practice in more difficult processes; fine hand tucking,
rolled edges, lace inserting, simple embroidery, etc.
3. Fitted Linings. — Shirt waists; use of various textiles; shirt waist suits
and simple dresses.
4. Costw7ies. — Giving practice in dress finishing, simple braiding and
embroidery.
II. MILLINERY.
1. Plai7i Sewing. — Giving practice in hand and machine sewing,
including special stitches used in millinery; shirring, velvet hemming,
wiring, etc.
2. Hat Making. — Summer materials, including linings, bands, frames,
straw braiding; making of maline, chiffon, lingerie and straw hats.
3. Hat Making. — Winter materials, including buckram frames, fitted
and draped coverings; making of felt, velvet, satin and silk hats.
III. CLOTHING MACHINE OPERATING.
1. Clothing Machines. — With practice on straight away work, aprons,
etc.
2. Plain sewing.
3. Garment Making on Electric Poiver Machines (no basting). — Aprons,
underwear, petticoats, kimonos, waists, children's clothing.
4. Use of Special Machines. — Buttonhole machine, tucking machine.
IV. STRAW MACHINE OPERATING.
Straw machines including —
(o.) Use of coarse braids, lappings, joinings, tip making, fitting of
simple shapes to plaster blocks.
(b.) Use of fine braids, handling of delicate colors, braid combinations
and fitting difficult shapes to blocks.
SUPPLEMENTARY WORK. (Required of each pupil.)
1. Spelling. — Terms used in the trade.
2. Business Forms. — Trade problems, bills, accounts, etc.
3. Busi?iess English. — Applications for positions, ordering materials,
letters to customers, descriptions of costumes, hats, etc.
4. Textiles. — Processes of manufacture; judging kinds and qualities of
materials; learning uses, widths, prices, etc.
5. Color Study and Design. — Principles applied in copying and planning
hats and costumes; judging good and poor design and color combinations;
14 SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
selecting materials in color schemes; designing simple costumes and mak-
ing practical designs for braiding and embroidery.
6. Cooking. — Planning, preparing and serving the daily luncheon;
care of lunch room, kitchen, dishes, closets, towels, etc.
7. Physical Exercises. — These are given daily, together with lessons on
the care of the body and the necessity of proper food, sleep and exercise.
The individual needs of each girl are carefully noted, and an effort is made
to correct such deficiencies as will be a drawback to a girl in her trade
work. Emphasis is laid on correct postures in sitting and on the need of
fresh air in the work room.
EVENING SCHOOLS.
The evening school system has been revised and reorganized
upon a better educational foundation, and is conducted in a
more economical manner than heretofore. These schools
are now under the direction and supervision of the Director
of Evening and Vacation Schools, a position established by
the new committee.
The work of the elementary schools is divided into three
sections. First, courses for non-English speaking people;
second, intermediate courses for those who wish to obtain
a knowledge of reading, writing, language, spelling, history
and civics; and, third, advanced courses for pupils who
intend to graduate from the elementary schools. These lat-
ter courses include instruction in reading, writing, arithmetic,
language, grammar, history, geography, civil service and
bookkeeping.
In certain of the elementary schools there are classes in
milHnery, sewing, dressmaking, woodworking and cookery.
Lecture courses are also maintained in the different .schools.
Specially illustrated lectures are also given in the Yiddish,
Italian, Lithuanian, Polish, Armenian and Greek languages,
the object of which is to teach these people something about
American life and the American form of government. Such
lectures are always given through interpreters.
The work of the high schools had been somewhat changed
to meet the demands of three types of pupils. Firet, those
who wish to pursue strictly cultural subjects; second, those
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 15
who wish to take up commercial subjects; and, third,
those who wish to pursue vocational subjects.
Under the reorganization of the evening schools a systema-
tized method has been introduced by means of which the
selection of able and experienced teachers is more easily
secured, records and reports are more accurately kept and a
higher average attendance in proportion to the enrolment
has been attained.
SUMMER HIGH SCHOOL.
A summer high school was opened in the Roxbury High
School on the first Tuesday of last July to provide for three
classes of pupils.
1. Regular high school pupils who wished to make up subjects in
which they had been conditioned.
2. Those who are preparing for college entrance examinations.
3. Those who are preparing for examinations for admission to high
schools.
It was therefore the policy of the school to provide the
fullest opportunity for conditioned pupils to study effectively
under careful and sympathetic guidance.
The sessions of the school, held from 8 a. m. to 12 noon,
were divided into four periods of fifty-five minutes each,
which allowed five minutes for opening exercises and five
minutes for intermission between periods. The pupils were
not required to come to school until their first recitation, and
such pupils as brought written requests from their parents
were permitted to return to their homes as soon as their
last recitation had closed.
The subjects taught were Hmited to those of the regular high
school, with the exception of the work preparatory for admis-
sion to high schools, and out of 382 pupils registered 276
were examined; 180 made up all their work and 60 made up
part of their work. That 240 out of 276 examined succeeded,
in whole or in part, is a favorable comment on the character
of the effort made by both teachers and pupils. In the
department preparatory for admission to.the high schools, 72
16 SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
pupils were registered and 62 were examined; 30 made up
all of their work and 30 made up a part. There were 831
pupils registered in the various classes, of which 605 were
examined and 464 were passed.
The experiment was considered successful and the Summer
High School will probably become a perziianent institution.
RE-ENTRY OF TEACHERS IXTO THE SERVICE.
Heretofore, teachers who have re-entered the service have
been given no special privilege, but have been appointed and
reappointed in the same manner as new teachers. By a
recent amendment to the rules teachers who voluntarily
retire may be reappointed ^dthin a period of two years from
the first day of January next following the date of their
resignation to a position of the same grade or rank, and on
the same year of service in their rank, that they held at the
date of their retirement. A proposition is also pending to
broaden and extend this privilege, provided the teachers
affected are able to establish their continued efficiency.
It not infrequently happens that a teacher whose services
are of great value to the school system marries and retires,
expecting never to teach again, and yet, because of some
unexpected misfortune, finds herself compelled to seek such
employment once more. This change in the regulations is
intended to remove the hardship under which such individuals
have formerly labored, and at the same time to benefit the
school system by facilitating the return to the service of
progressive, useful and desirable teachers.
THE NORMAL AND THE MODEL SCHOOL.
For the purpose of improving the training in preparation
for teaching, two changes in the organization of the Normal
School have been made. The first of these changes pertains
to the observation work of junior pupils, and the second to
that of the practice teaching of senior pupils.
Formerly it was the custom to send the fii-st j'car pupils
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 17
into various schools of the city for four weeks of observation
and practice. The pupils who were observing were visited
by one or more teachers from the Normal School, but rarely,
if ever, did the same teacher visit them all. The work of
criticism and suggestion was therefore lacking in continuitj^
of plan and uniformity of purpose. Also the absence of
groups of pupils from the Normal School for a month at a
time materially increased the difficulties of administration
in that school. The organization of the Martin District as a
model school has facilitated the correction of both of these
defects.
A master in the Normal School is also the principal of the
Martin District. By this means the closest co-ordination of
the work in the two schools is secured. The teachers in the
Model School have been selected with reference to their
special ability, not only in teaching a class but also in training
others in methods of instruction. The junior pupils from the
Normal School do their observing under the direction of the
principal of the Model School. The periods of observation
are distributed with reference to correlating the theoretical
instruction of the Normal School with the practical work of
the class room. The particular points to which emphasis is
to be given at each period of observation are [arranged in
suitable progression. Since all the pupils obser\1ng are in
the same district they are easily assembled, either before or
after the observation period, for instruction as to what to look
for, or for discussion of the work that they have seen. The
absences from the Normal School extend over a year, and
occur when they will least disturb the regular programme of
the Normal School. In short, the whole work of observation
by the junior pupils has been concentrated in one district,
placed in charge of one person, and made thereby more
definite, systematic and valuable.
During the senior year each Normal School pupil now
gives twelve weeks to practice teaching in various districts
in the city. Instead of having the supervision of this work
18 SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
done by all the teachers of the Normal School, it has been
placed in the hands of one of them who has been given the
title of supervisor of practice. Thus greater uniformity of
standards and continuity of purpose are given to the practice
teaching than was possible under a system of divided respon-
sibility. One third of the members of the senior class are
absent from the Normal School at a time. The course of
study in the Normal School has been rearranged in order
to avoid duplication of work in so far as possible. The
amount of work in the department of English, for example,
is equalized for each term, and the difficulties of organization
are very much lessened.
The training teachers are selected in the regular schools
as hitherto, and the senior pupils are given opportunity to
teach in different districts and in different grades. By
assigning the pupil-teachers to contiguous schools it is possible
for the supervisor of practice to visit them more freciuently
than they have hitherto been visited.
It is believed that under this new arrangement graduates
of the Boston Normal School may be as well prepared for
teaching elementary schools as anyone can be without years
of actual class room experience.
VOCATIONAL ADVICE.
The new School Committee has felt that not only should
the public schools provide instruction in established courses
of study, but that graduates should be assisted in choosing
wisely appropriate employment, and aided in securing it.
The Boston 1915 Committee was therefore requested to
appoint a "Vocation Bureau" for this, purpose, to which
request it responded with the suggestion that a committee
of five persons, preferably connected with the public schools,
be appointed to confer with the Vocational Bureau which was
already in existence.
The Superintendent thereupon appointed a committee
consisting of five masters and sub-masters of elementary
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 19
schools, who were actively interested in the project, and who
are now engaged in co-operation with the ^'ocational Director
employed by the ^oston 1915 Committee in furtherance of
this work.
The principal and teachers of the High School of Commerce
have, since the establishment of that school, given a good
deal of attention to the placing of the graduates of that school
in employments best fitted for their respective needs, and
during the past summer a special appropriation of $100 was
made for the employment of a competent agent to conduct
the summer employment feature of the vocational work of
that school.
FRATERNITIES AND SORORITIES.
A great deal of difficulty has arisen in many different
cities and towns throughout the country with regard to high
school fraternities and sororities. In some places the situa-
tion has become acute, and appeals have been made to the
courts to settle the issues presented. Such organizations,
or some of them, have been strongly attacked by the educa-
tional authorities as being undemocratic, subversive of
discipline and harmful in many other ways. Various penalties
have been imposed upon membership in such societies, and
the efforts made to destroy or control them on the one hand,
and to extend and promote them on the other, have been
widespread and serious in their unfortunate effects upon
school systems.
Early in February of the current year the School Com-
mittee secured the passage of an act by the Legislature
which gives it authority to make such rules concerning the
admission to secret organizations of pupils enrolled in the
public schools of the city, except those of a religious nature,
and their continuance therein, as it may deem expedient for
the welfare of the schools; and authorizes the committee
to exclude from the schools any pupil not required by law
to attend school who neglects or refuses to comply with any
such rule which the committee may prescribe.
20 SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
COURSE OF STUDY, MECHANIC ARTS HIGH SCHOOL.
At the opening of the school year in September, 1909, it
was decided to revise the course of study for the Mechanic
Arts High School, to the end that the school should prepare
its pupils for industrial efhcienc}^, and not for entrance to
college or higher technical institutions.
This course came as a natural sequence to the demand for
industrial training for the large number of bo^^s who are not
able, or have not a natural inclination, to pursue their studies
in colleges or similar institutions, but who wish to fit them-
selves for industrial employment of a higher grade than they
could hope to secure without training of some kind. The
students of this year's entering class will be the first to feel
its effects, and all their training will aim at practical efficiency
to the disparagement of merely theoretical problems and
courses which lead to future studies.
DRAWING AND MANUAL TRAINING.
The former departments of Drawing and of Manual Training
have been consolidated, and under the direction of a single
head economy and efficiency have been promoted. These
two subjects are intimately connected, and neither can
attain its greatest efficiency independently of the other.
They are two phases of the larger subject — the industrial
arts. Briefly stated, the fundamental purpose of the depart-
ment has been to give in the elementary schools instruction
in drawing that shall develop the ability to use dra\\ing as a
common means of expression and train taste in the fine and
industrial arts, and to give instruction in manual training
that shall develop ability to plan simply constructed articles
of use and carry them to completion with common tools and
materials, and to assign work of such character that "the
majority of pupils can satisfactorily complete what is planned
for the elementary grades. The woodwork in the upper
grades requires special equipment and instruction. The
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 21
course in drawing and manual training in the various high
schools is modified to meet the special conditions of each
locality and the exigencies of the elective system. In general,
the purposes of the work in high schools are the same as in
the elementary grades, but more technical skill, clearer under-
standing of principles, and more specific application to prac-
tical purposes are expected. The general results expected
from drawing in all high schools may be stated under the
following topics: representation, constructive drawing and
design.
A number of very interesting experimental modifications
of the course of study in manual training have been under-
taken, which very briefly are as follows :
In the Agassiz School about forty boys are being given
special instruction in manual training, including shop arith-
metic and working drawing, one hour each day, instead of
pursuing the regular course in manual training, drawing and
arithmetic.
In the Eliot District about twenty boys are being provided
in the North Bennet Street Industrial School with instruction
in shop work, wood and metal, printing and practical mathe-
matics.
About fifty girls in the Hancock District are spending two
hours each day in the North Bennet Street Industrial School
devoting their attention to hand and machine sewing, cookery
and housekeeping, drawing, design and textiles, personal
hj^giene and gymnastics.
In the Horace Mann School for the Deaf trade classes have
been organized for the purpose of giving a few of the older
pupils instruction in silversmithing for a period of two hours
during the afternoons of one or two days each week.
In the Lyman District about fifty-five boys devote five
hours each week to bookbinding, fifty girls spend the same
amount of time in domestic science work and thirty-five boys
two hours a week in shoe repairing.
A number of the older boys in the Oliver Wendell Holmes
22 SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
District are being given instruction in furniture making, the
time being limited to ten hours per week, which is taken
from other subjects in the regular course of study.
About forty boys in the Quincy District are spending ten
hours a week in elementary metal work.
In the Washington Allston District the plan adopted is to
confine the industrial work to the five classes of the graduating
grades, and the classes of the grade below. The time for the
special work has been drawn from those studies in which the
instruction can be made less theoretical and more applied.
For example, while hygiene requires sixty minutes, thirty
minutes have been set apart for theory and the remaining
thirty minutes applied to the arts that pertain to household
sanitation. A portion of the time for drawing has been
diverted to mechanical drawing that applies to construction
work in wood and fabrics. A portion of the language time
is used in keeping a laboratory note book and in reading
from industrial texts. So far as need be the composition
work is made to correlate with the industrial work to the
extent of writing upon such subjects as may enlarge the
knowledge of materials used in construction work and at
the same time illustrate the principles of expression. A
total of two and one-half hours a week has been diverted
from the course of study to effect these changes.
In the high schools three classes in industrial training have
been established as follows:
Charlestown. — A class in electrical manufacturing. This class will
consist of about twenty boys, and will begin work as soon as tlie necessary
equipment shall be supplied.
Dorchester. — A class in commercial designing. This class, consisting
of thirteen pupils, boys and girls, began work on September 27, 1909, and
continued until October 11, 1909. It made a fresh start on November 3,
1909. The class is in session on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, from
two to four o'clock p. m.
East Boston. — A class in jewelry and silversmithing was established
early in September, 1909, and numbered sixteen boys. The average
attendance to March 1, 1910, has been fourteen. The room in which the
work is carried on vas only partially equipped at the start, and consid-
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 23
crable delay has been caused, and the proa;ress of the work somewhat
hindered liy necessary changes in, and additions to, the plant. It is
intended that the time of the pupils shall be about equally divided
between design and practical work in the shop, some time being given
to modelling and studying the various materials used. The class is in
session three afternoons each week, from two to four o'clock.
Admission to all these classes is limited to regular pupils of
the respective schools who have had sufficient preliminary
preparation in drawing and manual training to enable them
to profit by the instruction offered. Each pupil is required to
pay for all the materials used, and owns the product.
On October 18, 1909, an order was passed requesting the
State Board of Education to establish an independent day
school for the industrial training of boys, to be conducted by
that Board, through the School Committee acting as its
agent, the proposed school to be located in the Old Dearborn
Schoolhouse, Roxbury, and the course of study to include
English, mathematics, drawing, sheet-metal working and
cabinet-making, and to cover two years; the methods of
instruction to provide for as close an approximation to actual
shop conditions as possible.
A similar order was also passed relating to a day industrial
school for boys and girls under the same conditions, to be
located in the Old East Boston High School, the course of
study to include English, mathematics, drawing, printing
and bookbinding, and, as in the other school, the methods
of instruction to provide for as close an approximation to
actual shop conditions as possible.
Should the provisions of these orders be carried into effect,
one-half of the cost of these schools will be met by the Com-
monwealth, as is the case with regard to the Trade School
for Girls, to which reference is elsewhere made. As yet the
Board of Education has taken no formal action with regard
to these proposed schools.
In the evening industrial schools, w^hich have succeeded the
former evening drawing schools, the course of study includes :
freehand, mechanical, architectural and machine drawing,
24 SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
ship draughting, design, estimating and building, and interior
decorating. The machine courses include courses in wood-
working, blacksmithing, machine shop practice, steam engi-
neering, electrical engineering, tool and jig making. Courses
are also arranged to prepare young men for the Lowell Insti-
tute of Instruction. More than 800 pupils are in average
attendance in these schools, the sessions of which are two
hours in length on Monday, Wednesday and Friday evenings,
for a term comprising twenty-two school weeks.
PLAYGEOUND ACTIVITIES.
In 1908 the Director of School Hygiene presented a plan
for the organization of playgrounds under the provisions of
Chapter 295 of the Acts of 1907, which enlarged the powers
of the School Committee with respect to physical education,
and provided additional funds for that purpose, which
was adopted by the School Committee and carried into
effect. School yards in crowded districts were equipped
with permanent playground apparatus, and arrangements
were perfected with the Park Commission whereby similar
opportunities were established on park playgrounds for
the older boys and girls of elementary school age. These
activities are carried on daily from April 1 to Thanksgiv-
ing Day, after school and Saturdays during school terms,
and during the whole day in July and August. For the
younger children in the school yards and in the children's
corners on the parks teachers from the certified Hst or from
the list of pupils in the Normal School are appointed. For
the older boys using the park athletic grounds after school
sub-masters are designated who organize and supervise the
play daily.
During the current year the Department of School Hygiene
prepared and published a manual for the public school play-
grounds, containing instruticons and suggestions for those
engaged in conducting these activities.
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 25
All supplies used either in the school yards or in the parks
are furnished from the special appropriation authorized by
the act.
In addition to these playground activities, recess work in the
elementary schools has been organized so as to give each pupil
and teacher an opportunity to partake regularly of out-door
exercises and to use the limited space in the school yard to its
best advantage. All the playground activities are definitely
organized so as to supplement the work of physical training
done during school hours. An Assistant Director of Physical
Training and Athletics has been assigned to this particular
division of the work. This assistant director also has charge
of the athletics in high schools, which are a continuation of the
elementaiy school athletics.
SCHOOL ATHLETICS.
This division of physical education has been given con-
siderable attention. In the past it has 'been the source of
a good deal of embarrassment, because of the doubtful legal
authority of the School Committee to exercise full control
over such organizations of pupils. The question of author-
ity, however, was definitely settled by the legislative act of
1906, and the School Committee immediately passed an order
which provides that the Superintendent, with the approval
of the Board of Superintendents, shall establish a plan for the
management and control of school athletics, and issue from
time to time, and enforce, such regulations, not contrary to
the rules and regulations of the Board, as shall be necessary
to put the plan into operation.
In the organization of the Department of School Hygiene
instructors in athletics were appointed from a certified list.
These seven instructors do all the coaching for the high
schools. A committee of the Head Masters' Association exer-
cises direct supervision over the qualification of the players
and the management of the schedules of games; and, in con-
26 SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15
junction with the Director of School Hygiene, represents
the authority vested by the Legislature in the School Board
and the superintendent. This reorganization and control of
athletics in high schools has done much to raise the stand-
ard of athletics and athletic contests among schools.
NEW COURSE OF STUDY IN PHYSICAL EDUCAtIoN.
On the opening of school in September, 1909, a pro\isional
course in physical education, prepared by the Department of
School Hygiene, was adopted for both the elementaiy and
high schools. In the elementary schools the new course is a
marked departure from the former system of day's orders.
In the first three grades games and plays have been substi-
tuted for the formal gymnastics. These games and plays are
graded and regulated and minutely described so as to bring
into action all the physical activities of the former course
without the mental strain. In the other grades formal
gymnastics has woven into it games and plays for each month
in the year; and in the eighth grade rhj^hmic exercises are
added. A course in recess pla}", arranged and adapted to
each grade, forms a part of the elementaiT school course in
physical training.
In the high school course the rules have been amended so
as to make physical training compulsoiy for eveiy pupil
during the four years, provided there is no physical hin-
drance to the pupil's participation in the exercises; two
points toward a diploma are awarded each year for this work-
For boys the couree includes, in addition to military drill,
athletics. Each boy is required to qualify in field and track
events and in swimming, and a mininmm has been placed
upon each of these qualifications in each year. For the girls
the course enjoins, in addition to regular gymnastic work,
participation in athletics, games and plays, out-door recrea-
tion, swimming, dancing, etc. Here, too, a minimum require-
ment is adopted for each year in the course. All this activity
is closely super\ised and carefully followed by instructors
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 27
and directors in order to Iveep the efforts of each pupil within
physiologic limitation. The end sought is healthy physical
development of all the pupils and not a means for great
athletic attainments by the individual.
In addition to the prescribed course in physical education
in high schools a^ten minute daity setting-up drill has been
established, in which eveiy boy and girl participates. Groups
of exercises suitable for this work have been supplied, and
boys and girls selected to act as room captains in leading the
work. ^lany teachers either lead this work personally or
partake of it under the leadership of the room captain.
In both courses in physical education the fundamental
essentials of proper sitting, standing and walking, as well as
the importance of proper breathing, are enforced.
^lilitaiT drill has been modified so as to give the first year
boys a knowledge of militaiy life and tactics, as well as an
understanding of duties required in civic ceremonies. Camp
hygiene and ambulance work are a part of this course. For-
mal drilling begins with the second year.
HEALTH OR OPEN AIR ROOMS.
In October, 1909, the Board requested the Advisory Com-
mittee on School Hygiene to report as to the ad\asability of
establishing open-air rooms generally in public school build-
ings, and the tj'pe and probable number of children for whom
such rooms would be desirable, including :
(1.) The method of selecting children needing to be placed in such rooms.
(2.) The symptoms of such need that should be especially called to the
attention of the teaching force.
(3.) The sort of rooms that should be used for the purpose.
(4.) Whether or not the windows of such rooms should be open all the
time, and, if not, what exceptions should be made.
(5.) What special clothing, if any, should be provided for children
placed in these rooms.
(6.) Whether or not there are teachers whose physical condition would
be benefited by assignment to these rooms.
(7.) Whether or not it would be desirable to have teachers and school
nurses inquire into the home conditions of children needing such treatment.
28 SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
The committee reported that it felt the subject to be one
of great importance, both as to the health of children and as a
means of increasing school efficiency, and stated that the sys-
tem of school medical inspection has already drawn attention
to the necessity of special consideration for three types of
elementary school children, viz.: First, those suffering from
contagious or infectious diseases; second, those who, on
account of mental backwardness in school work, are thought
suitable for treatment in special classes; third, those who
have proven to be in some degree affected with tuberculosis.
The committee expressed the opinion that it is very essen-
tial that the health rooms contemplated by the Board should
not be confounded or associated with either of the provisions
now in existence for the care of the mentally deficient nor for
the tuberculous children, but that these open-air rooms
in school buildings should be established for children who
are physically debilitated ; that in the establishment of such
open-air rooms sunlight, preferably direct sunshine, as well
as direct open air, is necessaiy, and that in the assignment of
children to these special rooms the medical inspectors, the
school nurses and the teachers should select those who are
in need of such treatment, who are undersized and below
normal weight for their height; those showing e\'idence of
glandular enlargement and those w^ho return to school after
a long convalescence.
The committee recommended that in the present school
buildings, at least in the overcrowded schools of the city,
rooms suitable for the puipose of these classes -should be
located in the upper stories of the buildings, with a southern
exposure, in order to furnish the necessaiy maximum of
sunlight, without which any room of this type would be
uncomfortable, cheerless and lacking in the most essential
qualities.
The committee also recommended that in these special
rooms arrangements should be made for the widest use of
open windows, in order that the maximum amount of fresh
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 29
air may find access to cvciy part of the room. Suitable
protection for the feet and legs would be necessaiy in all out-
door or open-air school rooms; a sort of "sleeping bag," so
called, is most practical.
The committee also expressed the opinion that there are
undoubtedly teachers whose physical condition would be
benefited by assignment to such class rooms, and it suggested
further that the services of the school nurses are most valu-
able, and would greatly increase in the homes the efficiency
of the work undertaken in the school rooms for the health of
the children.
The Board adopted these recommendations of the Advisory
Committee and requested the Schoolhouse Commission to
provide in all new school buildings one or more health rooms,
and by direction of and with the approval of the Board the
Superintendent of Schools prepared a plan for the open air
instruction of the class of children for whom such provision
is to be made, which is being carried into effect as rapidly
as possible.
In this connection a very interesting experiment has been
conducted during the present year by the principal of the
Prescott Elementary School District, illustrating the possi-
bilities which are readily available in any part of the- city for
benefiting children in this respect. With the advice and
assistance of the school physician and the school nurse about
twenty children, who were thin, pale, anaemic and repeatedly
absent, were seated during pleasant weather in a cosey corner
of the school yard, with portable desks, and under the charge
of a special assistant. The regular work of the class room
was carried on in this out-door class. This arrangement
relieved the most crowded rooms and worked a most phenom-
enal change in the condition of the children who are in this
fresh-air class. The average gain in weight in a month was
over three pounds for the whole class, some showing a gain
of ten and eleven pounds. The regular teachers of these
children have remarked, with much suiprise, upon the sudden
30 SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
appearance of unsuspected mental alertness, interest and
voluntaiy effort. The number of sessions of absenteeism
among these pupils was reduced from 58.3 in the previous
three months to 39 during the experiment.
MEASURING AND WEIGHING OF SCHOOL CHILDREN.
After consultation with the Advisory Committee on School
Hygiene the School Committee decided in October of the
current year to give special attention to children physically
below normal, either as to height or weight. This decision
was prompted by the belief that one of the most important
and positive signs of the beginning or threatening of disease
is the failure on the part of children to grow in height and
weight at a certain ratio.
As an initial step in solving this problem the committee has
authorized the purchase of weighing scales and measuring
rods for each school district. After the first weight and
measurement has been taken the pupils will be divided into
two classes, namely, the seventy-five per cent that are tallest
and heaviest and the twenty-five per cent whose development
falls below or above the first named class of pupils of the same
ages. Special attention will be given to the latter class by
the nurses, medical inspectors and teachers. It is the inten-
tion to have the weight and height of each child taken at least
three times a year, and a record is to be kept of each weight
and measurement. The information gained from such a source
of weighing and measuring will be available to the teachers
and to parents, and should form a most necessary series of
data for the family physician or medical inspector when
children are reported to them for diagnosis and treatment.
This weighing is to be done by teachers and nurses. No
undressing of the body or feet is contemplated. The nurses
will follow up the results shown by this investigation, and
will exercise a constant supervision, not only ovef the
twenty-five per cent who are found to be below or over
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 31
normal, but also over those who are shown to be of normal
weight and measurement but who appear to need particular
attention.
The scales and measuring rods are to be used also as a part
of the equipment supplied to nurses and medical inspectors
in decitling whether or not certain children might be benefited
by assignment to open-air classes.
PREVENTION OF DIPHTHERIA.
In June of the current year the School Committee adopted
a plan, presented by the Advisory Committee on School
Hygiene, for the suppression of diphtheria in the public
schools. This plan was carried out by the Board of Health,
with the assistance of the school nurses, on the opening of the
school term, in the Brighton District. The purpose of this
investigation w^as to find out how large a percentage of
children in the public schools are "carriers" of the germ
of diphtheria; that is, children who are not ill enough to
attract the attention of a physician, but who harbor in their
nose or throat the bacillus of diphtheria, which might be the
cause of a most serious form of diphtheria to others. In
order that the findings might be of the greatest value possible
permission was secured from the parochial schools in the
cHstrict to allow the medical inspectors and the public school
nurses to carry this investigation into these schools. Some
■1,000 children of Brighton were thus examined, and in the
following week re-examined, and the result shows that one
and one-fourth per cent of these children had the bacillus of
diphtheria in their nose or throat.
HEALTH DAY.
In line with the recent intense interest taken by educators
generally in the physical well-being of the child in the public
schools, and with a view to presenting more forcibly to the
mind of the pupils and teachers the value and necessity of
32 SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
good health in the present day competition to secure a footing
in the industrial and professional world, Wednesday, May 12,
1909, was observed as Health Day in the Boston pubhc schools.
Talks were given to the pupils of both elementary and high
schools on the proper care of the body, the value of cleanli-
ness, the necessity for sufficient sleep, the proper carriage of
the body, including breathing exercises, on nutrition, the injury
to the growing child caused by the use of alcohol and tobacco,
the necessity of fresh air and sunshine in combating the
spread and insuring the cure of tuberculosis, and the relation-
ship of physical exercises to mentality and brain development.
The idea was greeted with much enthusiasm, and the cause
of good health among school children was given an added
impetus.
TEMPORARY CERTIFICATES.
The Board, believing that there are a number of well qual-
ified teachers capable of rendering efficient service in the
school system who are debarred therefrom for the reason that
the certificates which they hold are no longer valid, or because
they have passed the age of forty years and are therefore
ineligible for admission to the examinations for certificates
of qualification, passed an order in October, 1909, amending
the rules so as to provide for the issue of temporaiy certificates.
under such conditions as the Board of Superintendents might
determine. These certificates are valid for such length of
time as that Board may specify, but not beyond the thirtieth
day of June of the sixth year following the date of issue.
COMPENSATION OF JANITORS.
For many years it had been the custom to pay the school
janitors, whose salaries were established on a yearly basis, in
twelve monthly payments, and this plan seemed to be accept-
able to a large majority of these employees. In a number of
cases, however, it was claimed that this method worked consid-
erable hardship to individuals, many of whom were obliged to
make weekly payments to their assistants, while they received
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 33
their own compensation but once a month. It was pointed out,
also, that under the statutes they, like other city employees,
were legally entitled to weekly payments. There were, how-
ever, a number of difficulties in the way of making the sug-
gested change, the more serious one being that to do so would
result in a very considerable additional expenditure from the
school appropriations for the first year in which it should be
put into operation, thereby charging the appropriation for
that year with the compensation of janitors for thirteen
months instead of twelve, which was obviouslj'" impracticable.
After repeated conferences it was agreed that beginning in
March, 1908, the janitors should be paid semi-monthly for
the remainder of that year, and the committee agreed to put
the weekly payment system into effect as soon as it could
thereafter. Beginning with the financial year 1909-10, the
weeldy payment plan was inaugurated and is now in full effect .
PROMOTION OF JANITORS.
It has been the policy of the School Committee for a number
of years to fill vacancies arising in the janitor service by the
promotion of faithful and competent men to the more import-
ant buildings, and placing the smaller school-houses in charge
of new men.
For several years the practice has been to make promotions
in the order of seniority; that is to say, the man longest in the
service, who held the necessary license, was practically certain
of appointment to the first vacancy arising in a better paid
position, the vacancy caused by his transfer being filled in the
same manner, and so on until the final vacancy was filled
by requisition on the Civil Service Commission. While this
system had much to recommend it, it was deficient in some
respects, inasmuch as it failed to place sufficient emphasis
upon especially efficient service, making promotion dependent
alone upon length of service. A plan was therefore devised,
which went into effect in June, 1909, whereby each janitor
is marked twice a year by the Schoolhouse Custodian and by
34 SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
the principal in whose school or district he is employed, in
accordance with a scale of 1,000 points. On this scale seniority
of service has a maximum value of 20 per cent, so that this
factor receives due recognition, but does not operate to
prevent the promotion of a janitor of marked efficiency but
with fewer years of service. All promotions have since been
made in accordance with this system, the result of which has
generally been to favor the man longest in the service, but it
has happened occasionally that men of less experience have
been advanced in preference to their seniors by reason of
their superior abilities.
The system seems to meet with general approval, as working
substantial justice to those desirous of promotion, and its
effect as a whole has been to improve the quality of the service,
and to encourage ambition among the entire force to obtain
high markings.
SUPERVISION OF LICENSED MINORS.
The licensing by the School Committee of minors of school
age to trade in the streets of Boston came about through an
act of Legislature (in 1902). The need of supervision of
minors licensed under this act became more apparent as their
numbers increased, and the street influences reacting on their
school life became better understood. To meet this need a
supervisor of licensed minors w^as appointed whose duties are
to secure the strict enforcement of the law and regulations
governing the various forms of street work of children of
school age, also to have general supervision of the details of
the licensing department. During the three years of increased
supervision the following changes have occurred :
1. The age under which minors may be licensed to work
on the street has been raised from ten to eleven.
2. The hours during which licensed minors may not work
on the street have been fixed as follows : between 8 p. m. and
6 a. m. in winter, and between 9 p. m. and 6 a. m. in the
summer.
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 35
3. The miniiiiuni educational requirements to which all
applicants must conform are: regular attendance in school,
good conduct and the ability to read and write the license
law. The health of the applicant is also taken into consid-
eration before a license is issued.
4. The license system has been entirely reorganized. New
forms of applications and badges have been devised to meet
the many technical difficulties which have arisen. The new
badge has the essence of the law printed on its face and the
boy's name and address and school appear in his own hand-
writing on the back of the badge, thereby serving a double
purpose — the daily familiarity with the law and the imme-
diate and absolute identification of the licensee.
5. The methods of enforcement have been strengthened
by gradually winning the co-operation of newspaper men, by
enlisting the interest of the home and school as well as that
of the older boys, and when necessaiy by securing the aid of
the pohce force and the Juvenile Court, as well as all child-
helping agencies.
6. A system of inspection has been put in operation.
Every school on the inspection schedule is visited once a
month, at which time licenses are examined ; lost badges are
replaced ; the rules are discussed and explained, and lapses in
conduct and attendance are checked. By this method of
school inspection the efficiency of the license system is tested
from time to time. The main purpose of the school visits is
to report to the schools the street conditions under which
these licensed boys sell, and to ascertain through the school
to what extent the street conditions influence attendance,
conduct and scholarship of the children.
Home visits are also made when cases require the immediate
attention of the parents. Parents are also invited to come to
the School Committee Rooms on Wednesdays and Saturdays,
where they are interviewed on serious complaints against
their boys. The data show that in a majority of cases an
interview with the parents is just as effective as bringing the
36 SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
boy to court. Of about 500 cases of specific complaints dealt
with this year 95 per cent were settled satisfactorily out of
court. The following recent case offers a striking illustration:
B was complained of by a newsdealer for hitting another
newsboy in the newsdealer's employ. The second boy acci-
dentally slipped and fell against the window pane of the news-
dealer's store and broke it. The newsdealer insisted on our
putting B into court. All parties in the case, including B's
parents, were asked to come to School Committee Rooms to
thrash it out. The newsdealer at first demanded ^15 indemnity
or court proceedings. B's parents were equally anxious rto
enter court proceedings against the newsdealer for interfering
with their boy's business. Finally B's parents agreed to pay
$5 indemnity, provided the newsdealer would waive his claim
and agree not to interfere with their boy's trade. The news-
dealer accepted the offer and the case was settled.
Perhaps the most important result of supervision so far
has been the gradual introduction of a plan for self-go vermnent
among the licensed newsboys through the so-called Boston
School Newsboys' Association. This association is pledged
to the enforcement of the license mles and the suppression of
smoking, gambling and other street ^dces, more or less common
among the street boj's of certain neighborhoods.
The association is run by the boys themselves, through
officers of their own choosing, consisting of one newsboy
captain and two lieutenants for each school district; also
a chief captain and general secretary and an executive com-
mittee of seven elected from the ranks of the captains.
The general duties of the captains and lieutenants are, first,
to see that all licensed newsboys of their respective school
districts live up to their license rules, and the principles of the
association. Secondly, to see that all boys not licensed
shall not interfere with or in any way hurt the business of the
licensed newsboys. These duties are performed through
weekly inspections on the street, supplemented by montlily
inspection at schools, at which time branch meetings of all the
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 37
bo>s in each district are frequentl}' hekl. There are also
annual meetings of all the members of the association held
on Bunker Hill Day, the Seventeenth of June, at Keith's
Theater. These annual meetings are managed by the cap-
tains and lieutenants, under the leadership of the older boys
of the Newsboys' Union. The first newsboys' patriotic
celebration resulted in the establishment of a permanent
newsboys' camp on Lake Monponsett„where over one hundred
newsboys are given one or two weeks' vacation.
The second newsboys' patriotic celebration led to the estab-
lishment, by Thomas A. Edison, of a Newsboys' Scholarship at
Technology, to parallel the scholarship established at Harvard.
At the last celebration the plans of a Boston Newsboys' Club-
house were made public. This club-house has just opened in
the finely remodelled building of the old "Children's Mission"
on Tremont street. It is hoped that it will exercise a power-
ful influence for good on the working boys of the street, not
merely by taking them off the street, thus keeping them out
of mischief, but by providing really wholesome activities in
a pleasant and moral environment.
It is interesting to note that the newly chosen Superintend-
ent of the Boston Newsboys' Club-house, Mr. Edward J.
Curran, was taken from the ranks of Boston school teachers,
and therefore comes to the work well equipped both as an
educator and worker.
MEETINGS OF UNITED IMPKOVEMENT ASSOCIATION IN
SCHOOL BUILDINGS.
On September 7, 1909, application was received from
Mortimer L. Berkowitz, Executive Secretary of the United
Improvement Association, for permission to use certain
designated school-houses for meetings of various local improve-
ment associations free of expense, but with a uniform and
fair charge for janitor service.
The Board has always favored the fullest use of school
buildings for meetings of citizens' organizations tending to
38 SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
better the social and moral conditions of the community, and
accordingly gave the matter serious consideration. It was
finally decided to allow the different organizations compris-
ing the United Improvement Association to hold meetings
in various school buildings not oftener than once a month in
any one building during the remainder of the current school
year, subject to the usual conditions, but without charge for
rent, heat or light. «
SALARIES OF TEACHERS.
A good deal of attention has been attracted during the year
to the salaries of the teaching force generally, and it has been
urged with a good deal of force that conditions have so
changed, and the cost of living has so markedly increased
since 1896, when the latest general readjustment of salaries
was undertaken, as to justify another, and rather general
advance, especially for the lower paid ranks. In the study
of this question, which is one of much importance, the fol-
lowing statements and tables, which show the successive
changes in the salaiy schedule since 1876, may be of interest.
They aim to present in a comprehensive way the more import-
ant and general features of the subject, omitting unimport-
ant details, and certain teachers of special ranks and few in
number.
The salaries of teachers as established in 1867 were con-
tinued until 1877, when a general reduction was made. In the
following year another reduction occurred, and in the same
year (1878) the present system of graded salaries wag adopted.
In 1879 another attempt still further to reduce the salaries of
teachers was made, but the Board decided against the measure
and readopted the schedule for the previous year. In 1881
the Committee on Salaries presented two reports, a majority
report recommending a general reduction in salaries and a
minority report recommending the continuance of the sched-
ule then in effect. By a large majority the Board decided
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT.
39
against a reduction of salaries except in the grades of third and
fourth assistants, where the minimum was reduced from $504
to !S456 and one year added to the scale; and for junior-masters
in high schools, where the minimum was reduced from $1,440
to Sl,008 and three years added to the scale. From 1881
to 1896 the salaries practically remained unchanged, although
there were consolidations of certain grades; for example,
the different grades of men and women teachers in high
schools were changed, making one grade for men (junior-
master) and one for women (assistant). In the grammar
schools the ranks of sub-master and usher, or second sub-
master, became that of sub-master, and first and second
assistants became assistants. In these consolidations the
maximum of the higher grade was taken as the maximum of
the new.
The salaries of latest date in the following tables are those
now in effect unless otherwise stated.
NORMAL SCHOOL.
The salaries of the teachers in the Normal School were the
same as those of the same ranks in the high schools previous
to 1886. In that year a separate schedule was adopted for
the Normal School. The salary of the head-master is, and
has been, the same as that of the head-masters of high schools.
The following table shows the changes in the salary of the
head-master since 1876:
Normal School.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1906.
$144
?3,500
4,000
33,300
3,780
$3,780
$3,204
3 348
Third year ....
3 492
Fourth year
3,636
3,780
40
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
The following table shows the salaries of masters, sub-
masters and junior-masters:
Normal School.
* Sub-Masteh.
Master.
Junior-
Master.
1889.
1896.
t 1897.
1906.
1906.
Increase
$60
$144
S144
$144
$144
First
S2,196
2,256
2,316
2,376
2,436
2,496
82,160
2,304
2,448
2,592
2,736
2,880
$2,340
2,484 ^
2,628
2,772
2,916
3,060
$2,340
2,484
2,628
2,772
2,916
3,060
3,204
$1,476
1,620
Third year
1,764
1,908
Fifth year
2,052
2,196
2,340
2,484
Ninth year
2 628
'Rank changed to master in 1897.
t In effect January 1, 1898.
The following table shows the compensation of first and
second assistants and assistants:
Normal School.
*FlRST
Assistant.
*Second
Assistant.
Assistants.
1886.
1886.
1896.
$36
$1,440
1,476
1,512
1,548
1,584
1,620
$48
$1,140
1.188
1,236'
1,284
1.332
1,380
$60
$1 140
Second year
1 200
Third year
1,260
1,320
1,380
1 440
Seventh year
1 500
Eighth year
1 560
1.620 •
* Rank abolished and that of assistant established in 1896. Rank of first assistant
re-established in 1907. See following table.
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT.
41
The following table shows the compensation of first assist-
ants (rank re-established in 1907), instructors and assistant
instructors :
Normal bCHooL.
Increase .
First year . . . ,
Second year . .
Third year. .
Fourth year .
Fifth year. . .
Sixth year. . .
Seventh year
Eighth year .
Ninth year . .
Tenth year . .
First
assist.\nt.
$72
Sl,332
1,404
1,476
1,548
1,620
1,692
1,764
1,836
Instructors.
$120
Sl,200
1,320
1,440
1,560
1,680
1,800
1,920
2,040
Assistant
Instructors.
$72
$900
972
1,044
1,116
1,183
1,260
1,332
1,404
1,476
1,548
The following table shows the compensation of the Super-
visor of Practice and of the Clerical Assistant:
Normal
School.
Supervisor
OF Practice.
Clerical
Assistant.
1908.
1908.
Increase
$72
$60
$1,332
1,404
1,476
1,548
1,620
1,692
1,764
1,836
$600
660
720
Fifth vear . • •
Sixth year •
42
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
MODEL SCHOOL.
On October 7, 1907, the Martin and Farragut Schools were
organized as schools of observation in connection with the
Normal School, and a supervisor of practice authorized.
(See Normal School.)
On February 20, 1908, a master. Director of the Model
School, was appointed in the Normal School, to date from
March 1, 1908, and on March 2, 1908, an order was passed
providing that the Director of the Model Sch"ool be authorized
to act as principal of the Martin District, and the rules were
amended to provide that a master. Director of the Model
School, might be appointed.
In the salary schedule for June, 1908, it. was provided that
sub-masters specially assigned to the Model School should
receive $20 per month in addition to the regular salaiy of
their rank, and that the master's assistant, first assistant in
charge, assistants in the grades, first assistant in kindergar-
ten and assistant in kindergarten specially assigned to this
school, should receive $8 per month each in addition to the
regular salary of their rank.
LATIN AND HIGH SCHOOLS.
The salaries of head-masters of Latin and high schools are
shown in the following table:
LatIxV and
High Schools.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1906.
S3,500
4,000
S3,300
3,7S0
S3, 780
S3, 204
Second year
3 348
Third year .
3 492
Fourth year
3,636
Fifth year
3,7SO
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT.
43
In 1878 the rules were amended so as to provide that all
male instructors in high schools other than principals should
be masters and junior-masters. All such instructors who had
been employed regularly ten or more years in the high schools
of the city were made masters and those who had been
employed less than ten years were made junior-masters.
The salary schedule in effect for junior-masters from 189G
to 1906 provided that junior-masters on attaining the maxi-
nuun of their rank should receive the rank of master — the
maximum of the former position being the same as the salary
of the master.
The regulations adopted in June, 1906, provided for the
appointment of a certain number of masters in high and Latin
schools who shall be heads of departments, of junior-masters
and other subordinate instructors, so that the rank of junior-
master was made entirely distinct from that of master. In
order that neither masters nor junior-masters appointed
prior to June 1, 1906, should lose either in rank or in salaiy
it was further provided that masters serving in these schools
who do not become heads of departments shall still retain the
rank of master, and that junior-masters so serving shall for
the twelfth and subsequent years have the rank of master.
The following tables show the changes in the salaries of
male instructors in high schools below the rank of head-
master :
Schools.
Ushers.
Sub-Masters.
Masters
Lati.v and High
1876.
1877.
1876.
1877.
1876.
1877.
lacreise
S300
S300
$400
$300
S400
$300
First
Sl,700
2.000
$1,500
1,800
$2,200
2.600
$2,100
2,400
$2,800
3,200
$2,700
Second year
3,000
44
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
In 1878 the rank of male instructors in high schools became
master and junior-master. The following tables show the
changes in the compensation for these positions since that
date :
Jl
'NIOR-M.^STERS.
Latin and High
Schools.
1878.
1881.
1896.
1906.
Appointed
before
June 1,
1906.
Appointed
after
June 1,
1906.
S144
S144
S144
$144
$144
§1,440
1.584
1,728
1,872
2.016
2.160
2,304
2,448
2,592
2,736
*2,8S0
$1,008
1.152
1,206
1,440
1,584
1,728
1,872
2,016
2.160
2,304
2,448
2,592
2,736
*2,S80
SI, 476
1,620
1,764
1,908
2,052
2,196
2,340
2,484
2,628
2,772
2,916
*3,060
$1,476
1,620
1,704
1,908
2,052
2,196
2,340
2,484
2,628
2,772
2,916
*3,060
$1,476
1,620
1,764
Fourth year .
1,908
2,052
Sixth year
2,196
2,340
Eighth year
2,484
2,628
Tenth vear
Thirteenth vear
With rank of master.
The following table shows the salaries of masters appointed
prior to June 1, 1906, and of masters who are heads of depart-
ments :
1906,
Latin and High Schools.
Masters
Appointed
-before June 1,
1906.
Masters,
Heads of
Departnients,
1906.
Increa'.e
$144
First vear
$3,060
$2,340
2,484
2,628
2,772
Fifth vear
2,916
3,060
3,204
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT.
45
In 1876 the salary of the assistant principal of the Girls'
High School was S2,000. In 1877 the salary was reduced to
SI, 800, and in 1896 it was increased to $2,040. In 1897 the
position of assistant principal in the Roxbury High School
was established, and the salary was fixed at the rate of 11,620
per annum. In 1898 the following scale was adopted for the
position of assistant principal in the Roxbury High School —
Increase
First year .
Second year
$1,620 I Third year .
1,692 I Fourth year
$72
$1,764
1,836
and the incumbent was placed on the second year of s^'vice
in this scale from September 1, 1898, until January 1, 1899,
and then again advanced to the next higher salary, after which
the annual increases in the scale applied.
In November, 1903, the foregoing scale was adopted for
the same position in the Girls' High School (a new incumbent
having been appointed after an interval caused by the resig-
nation of the former holder of the position), and for the
ensuing year (1904-05) the same scale was adopted for
teachers of this rank generally.
On June 25, 1906, it was ordered that the rank of assistant
principal be abolished as the position becomes vacant by the
retirement of the present incumbents.
The following table shows the changes in the salary of first
assistants in high schools :
First Assistants, •
High Schools.
1876.
1877.
*I878,
1907.
Increase
$36
$72
$1,S00
$1,620
SI, 440
1,476
1,512
1,548
1,584
1,620
SI, 332
1,404
1 476
Third yea"-
1,548
Fifth year
1 620
l!692
Seventh year ... . .
1 764
1 836
Rank abolished in 1883, re-established in 1907.
46
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
The following table shows the changes in the salaries of
second, third and fourth assistants (afterwards assistants)
in the high schools:
Latix an-d
High
Schools.
* Second Assistants.
*Thihd Assistants.
* Fourth Assistants.
Assistants.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1883.
1896.
Increase
$36
$36
$36
$48
$72
First year. .
Second year,
$1,500
$1,380
$1,200
1,236
1,272
1,308
1,344
1,380
$1,200
$1,140
$960
996
1,032
1,068
1,104
1,140
$1^00
$900
$768
804
840
876
912
948
$756
804
852
900
948
996
1,044
1,092
1,140
1.188
1.236
1,284
1.332
1.380
1 044
*
1 188
1 260
1.332
Seventh year,
1,404
Eighth year,
1,476
1,548
1,620
T h i r teenth
Fourteenth
''Ranks abolished in 1883 and rank of assistant established.
In June, 1906, the employment of male teachers with the
rank of instructor was authorized in the Public Latin, English
High, Mechanic Arts High Schools, the High School of Com-
merce and in mixed high schools. At the same time assistant
instructors were authorized in high and Latin schools, male
assistant instructors being required in boys' schools. Previous
to 1906 teachers of the foregoing ranks were authorized in
the Mechanic Arts High School only. (See Mechanic- Arts
High School, page 51.)
The following table shows the salaries of instructors and
assistant instructors in high and Latin schools :
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT.
47
Instructors.
Assistant Instructors.
Latin and High Schools.
1906.
1906.
Appointed
June''l?1906.
Appointed
after
June 1, 1906.
Appointed
before
Junel, 1906.
Appointed
after
June 1, 1906.
Increi'.e
$120
$120
$72
$72
First -ear
$1,500
1,620
1,740
1,S60
1,980
2,100
2,220
2,340
Sl,200
1,320
1.440
1,560
1,680
1,800
1,920
2,040
$972
1,044
1,116
1,188
1,260
1,332
1,404
1,476
1,548
1,620
$900
Second year
972
Third j'ear
1,044
1,116
Fifth vear
1 188
Sixth year
Seventh year
1,260
1,332
1,404
1,476
1,548
Teachers of Commercial Subjects — High Schools.
In September, 1898, a commercial course was established
in high schools, and special teachers of phonography, type-
writing and bookkeeping employed, whose salaries were
as shown below.
In November, 1898, these special teachers, with others
teaching the same subjects, became teachers of commercial
branches, and their salaries were fixed at $1,200 and $1,500
per annum, the $1,200 being for women and the $1,500 for
men.
Teachers of Commercial Subjects,
High Schools.
September,
1898.
November,
1899.
Brighton High School
*$1 200
$750
750
1,200
1,200
1 1,500
Dorchester High School . . .
tl 500
*1,200
Girls' High School
*1,200
48
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
In June,. 1902, the ranks of Special Instructor of Commer-
cial Branches and Instructor of Commercial Branches were
created, and it was provided that teachers of such subjects
then receiving a salary of $1,500 per annum be given the
rank of special instructor from September 1, 1902, and that
teachers receiving a salary of $1,200 be given the rank of
instructor, from the same date, the special instructors to con-
tinue on their present salaries until the third anniversary of
their several appointments, then to be placed on the fourth
year of the new schedule; and the instructors to continue on
their present salaries until the fifth anniversary of their
appointments, then to be placed upon the sixth year of the
new schedule. On June 25, 1906, it was
Ordered, That from and after September 1, 1906, the rank
of the Instructors of Commercial Branches, high schools,
shall be that of Special Assistant Instructors in Commercial
Branches.
The following table shows the changes in the salaries for the
position of special instructor:
Teachers
OF Commercial
Subjects.
High Schools.
Special Imstructors.
\
1906.
Appointed before June 1, 1906.
Appointed
after June
1, 1906.
First year
Second year. . .
Third year. . . .
Fourth year. . .
Fifth year
Sixth year. . . .
Seventh year . .
Eighth year. . .
Ninth year
Tenth year . . .
Eleventh year.
81,200
1,320
1,440
1,560
1,680
1,800
1,920
2,040
$1,200
1,320
1,440
1,560
1,680
1,800
1,920
2,040
$1,200
1,320
1,440
1,560
1,680
1,800
1,920
2,040
2,160
$1,200
1,320
1,440
1,560
1,680
1,800
1,920
2.040
2,160
2,280
$1,200
lt320
1,440
1,560
1,680
1,800
1,920
2,040
2,160
2.280
2,400
$1,200
1,320
1,440
1,.560
1,680
1,800
1,920
2,040
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT.
49
The following table shows the salaries of instructors and
special assistant instructors:
Teachers
OF Commercial Subjects,
High Schools.
♦Instructors.
Special
Assistant
Instructors.
1902,
1906.
$72
$72
First vear
$900
972
1,044
1,116
1,188
1,260
1,332
1,404
1,476
1,548
$900
972
1,044
1 188
1,260
1,332
1,404
Seventh year
Ninth vear
1,476
1,548
* Rank made that of special assistant instructor September 1, 1906.
Special Teachers of Drawing and Manual Training in High
Schools.
From time to time various special teachers of drawing and
manual training were authorized in different high schools at
varying salaries. In 1906 the compensation of these teachers
was established as follows:
Drawing and Manual
Training, High Schools.
♦Special
In.structor
i.\ Drawing,
English
High
School.
Special In.structors in
Drawing and Manual
Training.
Special
Assistant
Instructors
Appointed
before
June 1, 1906.
Appointed
after
June 1, 1906.
Drawing.
1906.
1906.
Increase
S120
$120
$72
$2,508
$1,500
1,620
1,740
1,860
1,980
2,100
2,220
2,340
$1,440
1,560
1,680
1,800
1,920
2,040
$900
1,044
1,116
1,188
1,260
1 332
1,404
1,476
1,548
Tenth year
Instructor in drawing in Normal School at same salary also employed.
50
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
Teachers of Physical Training — High Schools.
The following table shows the salaries of special teachers
of physical training in high schools since 1906, when a schedule
rate of compensation for these teachers was adopted:
Physical Training,
High Schools.
Special
Instructors
Appointed
before
Jtine 1, 1906.
* Special
Instructors
Appointed
after
June 1, 1906.
Special Assistant
Instructoks.
1906.
1909.
$72
$72
$72
First vear
$1,200
$900
972
1,044
1,116
1,188
$612
684
756
828
900
$756
828
900
972
* Minimum fixed at $972 in 1909.
Special and Clerical Assistants, High and Latin Schools.
The rules and regulations of the School Committee, adopted
in June, 1906, provide for the appointment of one special
assistant in each high and Latin school. The duties of these
special assistants are largely clerical.
On June 8, 1908, the jank of clerical assistant in high schools
was created, this position being a purely clerical one, and in
September, 1908, the transfer of several of the special assist-
ants in high schools to the position of clerical assistant was
effected.
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT.
51
The following table shows the salaries of special assistants
and clerical assistants in high and Latin schools :
Special Assistants.
Clerical
Assistants.
1906.
1908.
1908.
Increase
$60
$72
$60
$480
540
600
$600
672
744
816
888
960
$600
660
Third year
720
Fifth vear
Sixth year
MECHANIC ARTS HIGH SCHOOL.
This school was established in 1894 and the salaries
then fixed remained unchanged until 1896, when they were
increased in the same proportion as those of other teachers
of similar ranks.
The compensation of the head-master has corresponded
with that of principals of other high schools.
The position of instructor of metal working was established
in 1895 and the salary as then fixed remained unchanged until
1906, when it was provided that this rank should be abolished
on the retirement of the present incumbent, and a flat salary
of .$2,580 was established for the position.
The following table shows the changes in salaries since the
establishment of the school :
52
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
JIechanic Arts
High School.
*JUNI0R-
M.VSTERS.
*IXSTRUCTORS.
* Assistant
Instructors.
t Instructor,
Metal-
Working.
1894.
1896.
1894.
1896.
1894.
1896.
1895.
1906.
S144
S144
860
S120
S48
S72
S60
First year
SI, 008
1,152
1,296
1,440
1,5S4
1,72S
1,872
2,016
2,160
2,304
2,448
2,592
2,736
12,880
$1,476
1,620
1,764
1,908
2,052
2,196
2,340
2,484
2,628
2,772
2,916
J3,060
$1,500
1,560
1,620
1,680
1,740
1,800
1,860
1,920
1,980
2,040
2,100
2,160
2,220
2,280
Sl,500
1,620
1,740
1,860
1,980
2,100
2,220
2.340
S756
804
852
900
948
996
1,044
1,092
1,140
1,188
1,236
1,284
1,332
1,380
S972
1,044
1,116
1,188
1,260
1,332
1,404
1,476
1,548
1,620
$1,800
1,860
1,920
1,980
2,040
2,100
2,160
2,220
2,280
2,340
2,400
2.460
2,520
2,580
S2,580
Sixth vear
Tenth vear
* For changes in 1906 and subsequently, see High and Latin Schools.
t Abolished September 1, 1909, and the rank of the position made that of master, head
of the department of machine shop practice, and incumbent placed on the sixth year salary
for that position. (See p. 44.)
t With rank of master.
In June, 1902, the rank ,of special instructor Mechanic Arts
High School was created, and the salary was fixed as shown
below. In June, 1906, it was pro\dded that from and after
September 1, 1906, the rank of these special instructors be
that of special assistant instructor. The salary of the posi-
tion remained unchanged. This rank was discontinued in
1908 by retirement of the incumbents.
During the year 1908-09 the employment of special assist-
ant instructors, mechanical departments, was authorized, the
salary of the rank being, minimum, S900; annual increase,
$72; maximum, SI, 548.
In 1909 the rank of assistant instructor in mechanical
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT.
53
departments in the Mechanic Arts High School was created,
and the salary established on the following scale:
Mechanic Arts High School.
Special
Instructoks.
♦Special
Assistant
Instructors.
Assistant
Instructors,
Mechanical
Departments.
1902-1906.
1906.
1909.
S72
S72
S600
672
744
S16
SS8
960
$600
672
744
816
888
960
$1,188
1,260
1,332
1,404
1,476
1,548
1,620
* Discontinued 1908.
The regulations adopted June 20, 1906, authorize the
employment of six special assistants in the mechanical depart-
ment, and the salary established for the position was as
follows :
First year $1 50 per day
Second year 2 00 "
In 1909 the salary of special assistant in mechanical depart-
ments was established at the following rate :
First year S2 00 per day
Second year 2 50 "
At various times additional compensation has been allowed
teachers in this school for extra services rendered in accord-
ance with the daily programme outside of regular school
hours. This practice ceased after 1908-09.
HIGH SCHOOL OF PRACTICAL ARTS.
The High School of Practical Arts was organized in
September, 1907, in the Old L3'ceum Building at Meeting
54
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
House Hill, the course of study including academic branches
and an industrial department, gi^'ing instmction in
household science and arts, seeing, dressmaking and
millinery.
The cor]Ds of teachers was similar to that of the other high
schools, but included also industrial assistants and a special
assistant instiTictor in household .science and arts, which
latter position was abohshed on June 8, 190S, when the rules
and regulations were amended, and pro^-ision made for the
appointment of industrial instmctors.
The follo\\-ing schedule shows the salaries established for
these positions :
High School of Practical Arts.
Industrial
Assistants.
* SPECIAL
Assistant
Instructor in
Household
Science and
Arts.
Industrial
Instructors.
Increase . . .
First year . .
Second year
Third year.
Fourth year
Fifth year. .
Sixth year. .
Sl,020
1,092
1,164
1,236
* Position abolished February 20, 190S.
AFTERXOOX IXDUSTRL^L CLASSES — HIGH SCHOOLS.
In September, 1909, afternoon industrial classes were
authorized in dav high schools as follows :
Charlestown High School, clas.? in electrical manufacturing.
Dorchester High School, class in commercial designing.
East Boston High School, class in jewelry and silversmithing.
axxual school report.
55
On September 20, 1909, the salary of teachers of these classes
was established at the rate of S3 per two-hour period during
the term 1909-10.
ELEMENTARY (GRAMMAR AND PRIMARY) SCHOOLS.
Men Teachers.
Pre^ious to 1878 the men teachers of the grammar schools
were designated masters, sub-masters and ushers. In 1878
the title of '"usher"' was changed to "second sub-master."
In 1881 the ranks of sub-master and second sub-master were
consolidated under the title ''sub-master," and the two
schedules of salaries of the old ranks were united into one
schedule for the new rank. In 1906 the former distinction
between grammar and primary schools was done away with,
and these schools were designated as elementary schools.
The following tables show the changes in the salary of
masters and sub-masters in these schools:
Elemext.\hy Schools.
Increase .
S60
S120
First year . .
Second year.
Third year . .
Fourth year .
Fifth year . .
Sixth year . .
S2,S00
3,200
S2,roo
3,000
S2,5S0
2.640
2,700
2,760
2,820
2,SS0
S2.5S0
2,700
2.820
2,940
3,060
3,1S0
56
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
Sub-Masters.
* Ushers and Second
Sub-Masters.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1881.
1896.
1876.
1877.
1878.
Increase
$60
S120
$60
S2,200
2,600
$2,100
2,400
$1,980
2,040
2,100
2,160
2,220
2,280
$1,500
1,560
1,620
;,6S0
1,740
1,800
1,860
1,920
1,980
2,040
2,100
2,160
2,220
2,280
$1,500
1,620
1,740
1,860
1,980
2,100
2,220
2,33»i
$1,700
2,000
$1,500
1,800
$1,500
1,560
Third vf-nr
1,620
1,680
FiftVi vpnr
1,740
1,800
Ninth year
Tenth year . . ■
* Rank of second sub-master, formerly that of usher, made that of sub-master in 1881.
Wojnen Teachers.
In 1876 the ranks of the women teachers in the grammar
and primary schools were first assistant, second first assistant,
second, third and fourth assistants. In 1878 the rules were
amended by striking out the rank of second first assistant.
In 1896 the ranks of second, third and fourth assistants
were abolished, and the ranks of assistant, grammar school,
and assistant, primary school, established in place thereof.
In June, 1906, it was provided that, beginning with the
following September, the rank of assistant, grammar school,
and of assistant, primary school, be that of assistant, ele-
mentary school, no change being made in the salary schedule.
It was also provided that the ranks of first assistant,
grammar school, and of first assistant, primary school,
should be abolished as the positions became vacant by the
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 57
retirement of the present incumbents, and two new ranks
were established, viz., master's assistant (one for each ele-
mentary school district) and first assistant in charge; one
first assistant in charge being permitted in every school
building, other than the central grammar school of any
district in which there are six or more regular teachers of
any grade, but no sub-master. Most of the appointments
to these new positions were made as from November 1, 1906.
Subsequently (November 7, 1907) the rank of first assistant,
grammar school, was restored for schools attended exclusively
by girls in grades above the third, if the number of pupils
belonging in grades above the third exceeds six hundred.
Training Teachers.
In 1894 the rules were amended so as to provide that the
superintendent should, in the month of September of each
year, after consultation with the chairman of the Division
Committees, designate a sufficient number of teachers in the
public schools, the number to be not less than fifty, to
act as training teachers. These teachers served without pay
until 1897, when the Board passed an order that training
teachers be paid at the rate of fifty cents per day of actual
service, in addition to the regular salary of their rank, dating
from January 1, 1898. This additional compensation was
discontinued from September 1, 1898, after being in force
for six sohool months.
The following tables show the changes in salaries of the
women teachers in the grammar and primary schools (ele-
mentary schools, 1906) :
58
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
Elementary
First
Assistants.
* Second First
Assistants.
First
Assistants,
Grammar.
First
Assistants,
Primary.
1876.
1877.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1896.
1896.
Increase
S36
_ S48
S48
SI, 200
SI. 140
51,000
S852
S900
936
972
l.OOS
1,044
1,080
S972
1,020."
1,068
1,116
1,164
l,2i;2
S9S4
1,032
1,080
Fifth vear
t,
i= Abolished in 1878.
Elementary Schools.
Master's Assistants.
(GR-iMM.\R.)
First
Assistants
In Charge.
(Primary.)
1906.
1907.
1906.
S4S
S48
S4S
$972
1,020
1,068
1,116
1,164
1.212
8972
1,020
1,068
1,116
1,164
1,212
1,260
1,308
S972
1 020
Third year
1,068
1 116
Fifth year
Sixth vear
Elementary
Schools.
Second Assistants.
Third and Fourth Assistants.
Assist-
ants.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1881.
1896.
Increase
S12
S4S
S48
$48
First year
S850
S792
S756
768
780
792
804
816
S600
700
800
S540
660
750
S504
552
600
648
696
744
S456
504
552
600
648
696-
744
$552
600
648
696
Sixth vear
792
840
Eighth vear.
888 ^
936
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT.
59
Special Assistants.
In 1908 the compensation of special assistants, who had
been paid for many years at the rate of $1.50 per day, was
increased to $1.75, and in the following year (1909) a further
advance to $2 per day was made, which rate has continued
unchanged.
KIXDERGARTEXS.
In September, 1888, the kindergartens, which had been
maintained for many years, by Mrs. Quincy A. Shaw, became
a part of the public school system. At that time the ranks
of principal and assistant were established, and the salaries
then fixed for these positions remained unchanged until 1896,
when the teachers in the kindergartens shared in the general
increase.
The following table shows the salaries of kindergarten
teachers since 1876:
KiNDERGARTEXS.
Instructors.
Principals.
1876.
1877.
1888.
1896.
1902.
Increase
S36
S48
S24 and $48
S600
700
800
S540
660
750
S600
636
672
708
$600
648
696
744
792
S624
648
696
Fifth vear
792
In 1906 the rank of principal in kindergartens became that
of first assistant from September 1.
First
Assistants.
Assistants.
1906.
1888.
1896.
S24 and S48
S36
S48
8624
648
696
744
792
S432
468
504
540
S432
Second vear
480
528
Fourth year
576
624
60
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
Special assistants previous to 1906 were paid at the rate of
$5 per week. In 190G their compensation was increased to
$1.25 per day, and in 1908 a further increase to $1.50 per
day was made. This latter rate remains unchanged.
Previous to 1895 in the Normal School there were a teacher
and an assistant teacher of theory and practice of the kinder-
garten, but upon the establishment of the office of director
of kindergartens (December, 1894) the former position was
abolished. The salary of the assistant was the same as that
of the second assistant in the Normal School prior to 1896,
when the rank of second assistant was abolished, and at that
time it was fixed at $1,380 per annum.
In 1894 the position of teacher of songs and games, kinder-
garten department, Normal School, was established, and the
salary was fixed at S240 per annum, continuing until 1902,
although there was a vacancy in the position during several
years in this period.
The position of Director of Kindergartens was established
in December, 1894, and a director was elected at a salary of
$2,880 per annum, to date from January 1, 1895. The
incumbent refeigned September 1, 1906, and a new schedule
was adopted dating from June, 1906. The new regulations
adopted in June, 1906, provided that the Director of Kinder-
gartens should also have general supervision and control over
the special classes for feeble-minded children.
The following table shows the changes in the salary of the
Director of Kindergartens :
I'ilNDERGARTENS.
Director of Kindergarten's.
1894.
1906.
1907.
iQCreise
S72
First year
Second year ... ...
S2,8S0
81,212
1,2S4
1,356
1,428
1,500
$1,800
Third year
Fifth year
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT.
61
HORACE MANN SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF.
The rank of first assistant was abolished and the rank of
assistant principal established in 1893. In that year the
salaries of all the teachers except that of the principal were
changed. The salary of the principal was increased in 1896
and that of subordinate teachers in 1897, the latter to take
effect January 1, 1898.
The following tables show the changes in the salaries of the
teachers of this school;
Horace Mann
School.
Principal.
1876.
1879.
1890.
1896.
1902.
1906.
Increase
$100
First vear
$1,500
$1,800
S2,508
$2,880
$3,180
$2,580
Third vear
2,820
2 940
Fifth year
3 C60
Horace Mann
* First
Assist-
ant.
Assistant Prin
CIPAL.
Assistants.
1876.
1893.
1897.
1908.
1876.
1893.
tl897.
$60
$72
$72
S60
$900
$1,068
1,128
1,188
1,248
1,308
$1,152
1,224
1,296
1,368
1,440
$1,162
1,224
1,296
1,368
1,440
1,512
1,584
$700
800
$588
648
708
768
828
888
948
1,0(18
$780
S59
Second year
Fourth year
996
1,068
1,140
1 •'1''
Seventh vear
Eiglith vear
1 284
* Abolished in 1893 and rank made that of assistant principal,
t In effect January 1, 1898.
DRAAVING.
In 1876 there was a Director of Drawing and six special
instructors. In 1878 the number of special instructors was
62
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
reduced to three and the following year to two, and in 1880
this rank was abolished, the incumbents continuing in service
until September 1, 1880.
In 1891 an assistant director was elected, and it was pro-
vided that besides assisting the director he should give special
instruction in the Normal School. In 1896 an additional
assistant was allowed the Director of Drawing, and the candi-
date elected to this position was the Master of Evening Draw-
ing Schools, it being understood that he should have special
charge of the Evening Drawing Schools, and render such
assistance to the director as might be required of him. In
1897 two additional assistants were allowed the director,
whose compensation was fixed at the rate of SI, 500 each, to
date from January 1, 1898. In 1899 a third assistant to the
Director of Drawing was allowed at a salary of SI, 500 per
annum.
* Director.
t Assistant
Director.
Speci.^l Instructors.
Assistants.
1876.
1877.
1891.
189S.
1876.
1877.
1878-80.
1896-1902.
1897.
$3,300
S3.300
Sl.SOO
S2,508
$2,500
S2,100
$2,280
t $2,000
§ $1,500
" From 1902 to 1905, inclusive, director paid $600 per annum additional for super-
vision of Evening Drawing Schools.
t To give instruction in the Normal School and to assist the director. On September
1, 1906, rank made Instructor in Drawing, Normal School.
t Mr. Hitchings, the former director, paid $800 as assistant to the director, and $1,200
as Ma-ster of Evening Drawing Schools. Positions abolished March 11, 1902, because of
death of Mr. Hitchings.
§ In effect January 1, 1898.
In June, 1906, the departments of drawing and manual
training were united and placed under a single head, with the
title of Director of Drawing and Manual Training.
MANUAL TRAINING.
The first Manual Training School was opened in 1886. In
1891 the rank of Assistant Instructor of Manual Training
Schools was established, and in 1893 the position of Principal
of Manual Training Schools.
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT.
63
The following table shows the changes in the salaries of the
teachers in Manual Training Schools until 1906, when the
Department of Drawing and Manual Training was created :
Manual Training.
Principal of
Manual Train-
ing Schools.
Instructors.
Assistant
Instructors.
1893.
1896.
1886.
1892.
1891.
1892.
1896.
$48
$48
$2,004
$2,508
$1,200
*$1,200
t$l,620
S800
$804
852
900
$804
852
900
Fourth year
948
Fifth year
996
* Omitted from salary schedule for years 1899-1900, 1900-01 and 1901-02; restored
1902-03 and thereafter,
t Discontinued 1899-1900.
In June, 1906, the rank of the Principal of Manual Training
Schools was made Assistant Director of Drawing and Manual
Training from September 1, 1906, and the former position was
discontinued. (See Department of Drawing and Manual
Training.)
DEPARTMENT OF DRAWING AND MANUAL TRAINING.
In June, 1906, the Departments of Drawing and Manual
Training were united, and placed in charge of a new official
with the title of Director of Drawing and Manual Training at
a salary of $3,000 per annum.
The Principal of Manual Training Schools was made Assist-
ant Director of Drawing and Manual Training, and the
former position was discontinued.
The position of assistant to Director of Manual Training
was also created.
In 1907 further changes were made in the salary schedule
for these positions, as shown by the following table :
64
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
Department of
Dhawtno and
Manual Training.
Director,
Drawing
AND Manual
Training.
Assistant
Director of
Drawing and
Manual
Training.
Assistant
to Director
IN Manual
Training.
Assistants
to Director
in Drawing.
Increase .
$120
$72
First year. . . .
Second year.
Third year. . .
Fourth year . .
Fifth year. . . .
Sixth year —
Seventh year.
Eighth year . .
$2,508
$2,628
$1,500
1,620
1,740
1,860
1,980
2,100
2,220
2,340
$1,212
1,284
1,356
1,428
1,500
Manual Training, Elementary
Schools.
Instructors in
JIanual Training,
Elementary Schools.
Assistant
Instructors
in JIanual
Training,
Elementary
Schools.
1906.
1907.
1906.
S4S
S4S
81,200 '
$1,056
1,104
1,152
1,200
SS04
852
Third year
900
948
996
DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC.
In 1876 the Department of Music was under the charge of a
director and six special instructors, the latter being reduced
to three in number in 1879. In 1884 the director and the
special instructors became special teachers in music, the
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT.
65
former director being assigned to service in high schools and
the special teachers, now four in number, serving in grammar
and pi-imaiy schools. In 1885 these special teachers became
special instructors. In 1893 the rank of assistant instructor
was established, and four women were elected to this
position.
On November 28, 1899, the position of director was again
established, and the department then consisted of a director,
two special instructors and four assistant instructors.
The following table shows the salaries of the department
• from 187G to 1899:
Director.
Special Instructors or
Special Teachers.
Assistant
Instructor.
1876.
1877-84.
1876.
1877.
1878-99.
1893.
1896-99.
S3, 300
S3,000
53,000
$2,500
$2,640
$So2
SSS8
In 1900 the department was reorganized, the positions of
special instructor of music and assistant instructor of music
abolished, and new positions created and salaries established
as follows:
Director (position created November 28, 1899)
One Assistant Director in Music, high schools .
One Assistant Director in Music, grammar schools
One Assistant Director in Music, grammar schools
Two assistants in music, grammar schools
One assistant director in music, primary schools
Three assistants in music, primary schools
$:3,000
1,500
2,640
2,004
996
1,500
996
At the time of reorganization (1900) the only special
instructor in the service was made Assistant Director, Gram-
mar Schools, at a salary of $2,640; and the three assistant
instructors became assistants at a salaiy of $996.
In 1902 the department was again reorganized, positions
created and salaries established as follows:
66
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
Department of Music.
Increase.
First year. . . ,
Second year. .
Third year . . .
Fourth year . .
Fifth year. . . ,
Sixth year. . .
Seventh year.
Eighth year. .
Ninth year. . .
Tenth year. . .
Assistant
Directors.
Assistants.
$72
$48
$2,004
$996
2,076
1,044
2,148
1,092
2,220
1,140
2,292
1,188
2,364
1,236
2,436
2,.50S
2,580
2,6o2
DEPARTMENT OF SCHOOL HYGIENE.
In June, 1885, the position of Instructor in Hygiene was
established at a salaiy of $3,000, and in March, 1890, the
position was abohshed. In June, 1890, the Board voted that a
Director of Physical Training and one or more assistants be
employed. In November, 1890, a director was elected at a
salary of $3,000 per annum, to date from January 1, 1891. In
September, 1907, the rank was changed to Director of Physical
Training and Athletics, and in the previous June the salary
was established at the rate of $3,756 per annum. On March
2, 1908, the rank was again changed to Director of School
Hygiene.
In March, 1891, an assistant was appointed and his salaiy
was fixed at $1,680. In 1892 the salary of this assistant was
increased to $2,000, and in 1896 to $2,280. In 1902 an addi-
tional assistant was authorized at a salary of $1,800 per
annum. In September, 1907, the rank was changed to Assist-
ant Director of Physical Training and Athletics, and a new
schedule of salaries was established, the minimum being
$1,800, annual increase $120, and the maximum $2,400.
In November, 1904, the employment of two assistants to the
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT.
67
Director of Physical Training to take charge of school ath-
letics was authorized, and the salary for the position was
fixed at $750 per annum, each. In June, 1906, the rules and
regulations adopted by the Board provided 'for the employ-
ment of one instructor in athletics and one assistant instructor
in athletics, these being in place of the two assistants pre-
viously authorized. The salaries of these positions were
fixed as follows: Instructor in Athletics, SI, 116; Assistant
Instructor in Athletics, 1756. In 1908 a new schedule was
established for each of these positions, as shown below.
The following tables show the salaries of the above-named
instructors to date:
Department of
School Hygiene.
Instruc-
tor IN
Hygiene.
Director
OF Physi-
cal Train-
INO.
Director
OF Physi-
cal Train-
ing AND
Athletics.
Director
OF School
Hygiene.
♦Assistant
Directors.
Assistant
Directors in
Physical
Training and
Athletics.
1885.
1891.
1907.
1908.
1891.
1892.
1896. 1907.
Increi-e
$120
First year
$3,000
S3,000
$3,756
$3,756
$1,680
$2,000
$2,280 ,
$1,800
1,920
Third year
2,040
2,160
2,280
2,400
1902, one at $1,800.
Department of
School Hygiene.
Assistants
IN Charge
OP
School
Athletics.
Instructors in
Athletics.
* Assistant Instructors
in Athletics.
1904.
1906.
1908.
1906.
1908.
Increase
S72
$72
.S750
$1,116
$1,212
1,284
1.356
1,428
1,500
$756
$900
972
Third year
1.044
1,116
Fifth year
' Omitted from schedule for 1907; position vacant.
68 SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
MILITARY DRILL.
The salaries in effect for the Instructor in MiUtary Drill
since 1876 are as follows:
Instructor in Military Drill.
The salary of the Armorer has been :
1881.
1892.
1896.
S800
$900
$1,050
NURSES.
The rules and regulations of the School Committee were
amended on May 27, 1907, to provide for the appointment
of a supervising nurse and assistant nurses, as a part of the
Department of Physical Training and Athletics, and at the
same meeting the salaries for these positions were fixed in
accordance with the following schedule.
In the salaiy schedule for June, 1908, the salary of the
Supervising Nurse was increased, as shown below:
Nurses.
Supervising Nurse.
Assistant
Nurses.
1907.
1908.
1907.
Increase .
S48
$72
$48
First year . .
S924
972
1,020
1,068
1,116
81,212
1,284
1,356
1,428
1,500
$648
696
Second year
792
Fifth year
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT.
69
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSEHOLD SCIENCE AND ARTS.
Schools of Cookery.
The Schools of Cookery were estabhshed in 1886, and the
salaries of the teachers fixed at the same rate as that of third
assistants in the grammar schools. When the rank of third
assistant was abolished in 1896, the instructors in the schools
of cookery were placed upon the same schedule as that
established for the new position of assistant, grammar school.
In 1891 the position of Principal of the Schools of Cookery
was established, and the salary fixed at the rate of $1,000. In
1896 the salary of this position was raised to $1,500. The
position became vacant by resignation on April 1, 1903, and
the vacancy thus created remained unfilled.
In June, 1906, the teachers of cookery were placed under
the supervision of the Supervisor of Household Science and
Arts, their salaries remaining unchanged.
The following table shows the salaries of the cookery
teachers :
Schools of Cookery.
* Principal.
t Instructors.
1891.
1896.
1886.
1896.
?48
$48
$1,000
$1,500
$456
504
552
600
648
696
744
$552
600
648
Fourth year
696
Fifth year
744
792
840
888
Ninth year
936
; -
* Vacant by resignation on April 1, 1903.
t Rank changed to that of teacher in 1908.
Sewing Teachers.
The salaries of teachers of sewing were established in 1878,
and remained unchanged until 1896, when these instructors
shared in the general increase adopted in that year. Their
70
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
compensation was also increased in 1897, in 1898 and again
in 1899, as grammar and primary assistants advanced in
salary under the application of the sliding scale for those
positions. The various changes are shown by the following
table :
Sewing Teachers.
1878.
1896.
*1897.
tl898.
sios
S120
S120
$132
192
'216
216
228
276
300
312
324
34S
372
396
408
420
444
468
492
492
516
540
564
540
576
600
636
5SS
624
660
696
636
672
708
744
6S4
720
756
792
732
768
792
840
744
792
840
8SS
One division
Two divisions
Three divisions
Four divisions
Five divisions
Six divisions
Seven divisions
Eight divisions
Nine divisions
Ten divisions
Eleven divisions
All over eleven divisions .
S144
240
336
432
516
588
660
732
792
840
* In effect January 1, 1898. + In effect January 1, 1899. J In effect January 1, 1900.
In 1905 the following schedule of salaries was adopted,
applying to instructors appointed after August 31 in that year.
It was also pro\'ided that teachers whose full time was
occupied should be placed on the maximum salary of the new
schedule September 1, 1905; that those whose full time was
not occupied should continue on their former basis until their
full time should be occupied, and then be placed on the maxi-
mum compensation of the new schedule.
Teachers appointed after August 31, 19'05, as above stated,
to be paid according to the new sliding scale, viz. :
Annual increase . . . .
First year .... S552
Second year .... 600
Third year 648
Fourth year . . . .696
Fifth year 744
Sixth year .
- $792
Seventh year
. 840
Eighth year
. 888
Ninth year .
. 936
$48
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 71
In June, 1906, the teachers of sewing were placed under the
supervision of the Supervisor of Household Science and Arts,
the same arrangement as to salaries remaining in force.
The mles and regulations adopted in June, 1906, established
the Department of Household Science and Arts, which included
the Schools of Cookery and teachers of sewing in the elemen-
tary schools.
In June, 1906, the position of Supervisor of Household
Science and Arts was established, and the salaiy was fixed at
the following rate :
Supervisor of Household Science and Arts.
Increase .
. $72
1906,
1906.
First year
. $1,212
Fourth year .
. $1,428
Second year .
. 1,284
Fifth year
. 1,500
Third year
. 1,356
SPECIAL CLASSES.
In November, 1898, a special class for the care of mentally
deficient children was established in a room in the Appleton
Street School-house, and the salary of the teacher was fixed
at the rate of $792 per annum. Additional classes were
subsequently established, and in June, 1902, the salary of
the teachers of these classes was fixed as follows :
First year, $936; annual increase, $48; maximum, $1,032.
MEDICAL INSPECTOR OF SPECIAL CLASSES.
In the rules and regulations adopted in June, 1906, provi-
sion was made for the appointment of a medical inspector
of special classes, and the salaiy was established at the rate
of SI, 008 per annum.
DISCIPLINARY CLASSES.
In June, 1906, the establishment of a limited number of
disciplinary classes was authorized for boys requiring special
attention and disciphne, and the compensation of the teachers
72 SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
of these classes was fixed at the rate of 18 per month in addi-
tion to the regular salary of their rank.
TRADE SCHOOL FOR GIRLS.
The trade school for girls began its sessions on September
15, 1909.
The following salary schedule was established for teachers
in this school :
Vocationa] Assistants, per month, first year $100
" " " " second year 105
tliirdyear . . . . - . . . 110
Trade Assistants, " " first year 100
" " " " second year 105
" " " " third year 110
Helpers, " " first year 60
" " " second year 65
" third year 70
Aids, per day 2
SCHOOL ON SPECTACLE ISLAND.
The school on Spectacle Island was first estabhshed on
September 11, 1883. A restricted certificate was issued to
the teacher who was paid at the rate of SI. 817 per pupil
per month for the average number of pupils attending.
From February 1, 1887, the compensation of the teacher
was at the rate of $400 per annum, upon proper vouchers
being furnished that the school was open for instruction on
such days during the year as are required by the regulations.
On September 24, 1906, the salary of the teacher was estab-
lished at the rate of $552 per annum for the year ending
August 31, 1907.
In June, 1907, the 'salary was fixed at a minimum of $552
per annum, annual increase of $48, and maximum of $648.
In addition $48 has been annually allowed for many years for
other expenses connected with the school, not including books.
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 73,
SUMMER HIGH SCHOOL.
On May 3, 1909, a summer high school was estabhshed in the
Roxbury High School-house, and on May 24, 1909, the salary
schedule for teachers in this school was established as follows :
_^ Principal, per week $50
Assistants, per day 5
Clerical assistant, per week 12
FRANKLIN PARK SCHOOL.
An open-air class for children of tubercular tendencies was
estabhshed in the refectory building in Franklin Park, and
began its sessions on January 18, 1909, with an elementary
school assistant in charge of the class.
On November 1, 1909, the school was named the Franklin
Park School, and placed in charge of the principal of the
Oliver Wendell Holmes District.
On December 20, 1909, the rules and regulations of the
School Board were amended to provide for the appointment
in this school of a first assistant in charge and assistants.
On December 6, 1909, an order was passed providing that
assistants and first assistants in charge specially assigned to
the Franklin Park School should receive $8 per month in
addition to the regular salary of their respective ranks.
DAY INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS.
On November 1, 1909, the salary of first assistants in day
industrial schools was estabhshed at the rate of S140 per
month for the first year, $150 per month for the second year
and $160 per month for the third year.
On December 6, 1909, the salary of the instructor of print-
ing was established at the rate of $125 per month.
The Pre-Apprentice School in Printing and Bookbinding
was established in the old East Boston High School-house on
December 1, 1909.
74 SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
On December 6, 1909, it was
Ordered, That the salaries of teachers who may be employed in both
the Lyman and in the Pre-Apprentice School in Printing and Book-
binding be divided between the schools in which they serve in proportion
to the amount of time occupied in each.
On November 1, 1909, an order was passed providing that
assistants specially assigned to the day industrial schools
should receive $8 per month in addition to the regular salary
of their rank.
SUMMER TERM OF DAY INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS.
On November 1, 1909, it was
Ordered, That the compensation of teachers appointed to serve during
the regular term of the day industrial schools, who are appointed to serve
in the summer term, shall be at the same monthly rate as that received by
the respective appointees during the month of June preceding.
EVENING SCHOOLS.
In June, 1906, the position of Director of Evening and
Vacation Schools was created, and the salary estabhshed at
the following rate :
Annual increase $120
Fourth year . . . $2,340
Fifth year .... 2,460
First year .... $1,980
Second year . . . 2,100
Third year .... 2,220
Sixth year .... 2,580
Evening High Schools.
On June 23, 1903, the East Boston and Charlestown
Branches of the Evening High School w^re discontinued, and
independent schools established in East Boston, Charlestown
and South Boston.
On September 22, 1903, the Roxbury Evening High School
was estabhshed.
The following tables show the changes in salaries of evening
high school teachers :
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT.
75
1873.
1879.
1881.
1882.
1884.
1893.
1903.
1904.
1906.
=S10
3S50
3$30
3S50
3$30
340
350
3$40
345
350
*$5
'$10
*5
6|50
'30
Third year
• September 26, 1882, principal given rank of master. September 9, 1884, principal
given rank of head-master. The rules and regulations adopted June, 1906, provided
for the appointment of Principals of Evening High Schools.
2 Evening. 'Week. ^ Evening, Local Schools. ^ Evening, Central School.
6 Week, Central School. ' Week, Local Schools.
Assistants.
1873.
1877.
1879.
1881.
1884.
1889.
S5, evening.
S4, evening.
S25, week.
$20, week.
$4, evening.
•f 4, evening. In
charge of
branches, $5,
evening.
Speci.vl Teacher of Penmanship, Central School.
Special Teachers.
Before 1906.
1906.
1907.
S2, evening.
$2.50, evening.
$2.50, evening.
Typewriting Assistants.
Laboratory Assistants.
Pianists.
1901.
1903.
1904.
S2, evening.
$2, evening.
$1 . 50, evening.
Clerks and Secretaries.
The salaries of the clerks and secretaries are shown in the
following table :
76
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
Clerk.
Secretary.
Clerk.
Clerk.
Clerk.
Clerk.
1877.
1879.
1880.
1882.
1883.
1885.
$1.25, evening.
32, evening.
82.
$2.50, evening.
$3, evening.
$4, evening.
Clerk.
Clerk.
Seceetart.
Secretary of
Central School.
Secretaries.
,1891.
1897.
1900.
1903.
1904.
$3, evening.
$4, evening.
S4, evening.
$4, evening.
$2.50, evening.
In 1904 the appointment of secretaries for all schools,
except the East Boston High School, was authorized. Clerks
or secretaries were employed only in the Central School
before 1904.
The rules and regulations of June, 1906, provide for the
employment of one special assistant in each Evening High
School. These special assistants perform the duties of the
former secretaries.
In June, 1908, the salary of the special assistants was fixed
at the rate of $3.50 per evening.
In June, 1908, the rules and regulations of the Board pro-
vided for the appointment of a second special assistant in
the Central Evening High School, and the salary for this
position was estabHshed at the rate of $2 per evening.
The following table shows the changes in salaries for these
positions:
Special Assistants.
Central School.
Local Schools.
1906.
1908.
1906.
1908.
$18, week.
Second Special Assistant ...
S3. 50, evening.
2.00. evening.
S14, weelc.
S3.50, evening.
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT.
77
Evening Elementary Schools.
S3, evening.
S4, evening.
Average at-
te n dance,
100 or more,
$5 evening;
less than
100, $4 even-
ing.
Average at-
ten d a n ce,
100 or more,
$25 per
weeli; less
than 100,
$20 per
week.
$25, week.
First Assistants.
1889.
1891.
1906.
S2.50, evening.
Average attendance less than
75, $2, evening; above 75,
$2.50, evening.
$2.50, evening.
1873.
1877.
1880.
1881.
1835.
1896.
$1, evening.
S1.25, evening.
$10, week.
S7.50, week.
|1.50,even,ing.
$2, evening.
♦Assistants in Charge of Post^Graduate
Classes.
Interpreters.
1901.
1904.
?2 . .50, evening.
Discontinued after 1905.
Evening Industrial School. ■
On October 5, 1908, an evening industrial school was
established under the direction of the Commission on Indus-
trial Education in the Mechanic Arts High School Building,
78
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
with branches in Charlestown, East Boston and Roxbury,
and in the Warren Avenue School.
The salaries of the teachers were established at the following
rates for the year ending August 31, 1909:
Principal $8, evening
Assistant principal . .6
First assistants in charge 6
Assistants, first year 3
" second year 4
" third year . . . ' 5
PLAYGROUNDS AND SAND GARDENS.
When the Department of Physical Training was reorgan-
ized in September, 1907, the Director of Physical Training and
Athletics was given charge of playgrounds and sand gardens.
The following is the salary schedule as established in June,
1908, and June, 1909:
1908.
1909.
Supervisors of school-yard playgrounds
(men).
$5 00, two sessions
3 00, morning sessions..
2 00, afternoon sessions,
$3 00, morning session.
2 00, afternoon session.
Supervisors of school-yard playgrounds
(men) from close of school until 5.30
p. m.
1 50
1 50.
First assistants in playgrounds (men).
3 00, two sessions
3 00, two sessions.
2 00, one session
2 00, one session.
First assistants in playgrounds (men)
from close of school until 5.30 p. m.
1 50
1 50.
First assistants in playgroimds (women).
2 00, two sessions
2 00, two sessions.
1 20, one session
1 20, one session.
First assistants in playgrounds (women)
from close of school until 5.30 p. m.
1 00.
1 00.
Play teachers (men).
3 00, morning session....
3 00, morning session.
1 50
1 50.
until 5.30 p. m.
2 50, morning session.
1 00.
close of school until 5.30 p. m.
Assistants in playgrounds.
1 25, two sessions
1 25, two sessions.
75, one session
75, one session.
Assistants in sand gardens.
75, two sessions
75, two sessions.
50, one session
50, one session.
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT. 79
ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION FOR INSTRUCTORS APPOINTED TO
TAKE CHARGE OF A SCHOOL, DISTRICT OR DEPARTMENT.
The salary schedule of June, 1902, provided that an
instructor in any school, district or department, who takes
charge thereof, shall receive in addition to his or her regular
salary one-half of the difference between the said salary and
the minimum salary of the higher position during the time of
such service, but not including the summer vacation. In
June, 1903, this provision was amended to provide that such
instructors shall so serve for a continuous period exceeding
two weeks.
In June, 1907, a further provision was made that teachers
who were similarly designated to fill the positions of sub-
master, master's assistant or first assistant in elementary
schools, should be paid $8 per month in addition to the regular
salary of their rank. In 1908 this latter provision was
amended to include only teachers designated to fill the posi-
tions of master's assistant or first assistant in charge.
SUPERVISOR AND ASSISTANT SUPERVISOR OF SUBSTITUTES.
In June, 1906, the Board created the position of Supervisor
of Substitutes and fixed the salary as follows :
First year, $2,580; annual increase, $120; maximum, $3,*S0.
On May 24, 1909, the rules and regulations were amended
to provide for the appointment of an Assistant Supervisor of
Substitutes, and in June of the same year the salary was
estabhshed on the following basis:
First year, $1,332; annual increase, $72; maximum, $1,836.
TRUANT OFFICERS.
Truant officers were placed under civil service rules by
chapter 252 of the Acts of 1893. The salaries paid since 1876
have been as follows :
80
SCHOOL DOCUMENT NO. 15.
1876.
1877.
1882.
1885.
1887.
1896.
1900.
1908.
Chief truant offi-
cer
$1,350
1,200
$1,260
1,140
$1,320
1,200
Sl,500
$1,800
1,300
$1,900
1,400
Truant officers
*
♦Appointed after June S, 1908, first year, $1,080; annual increase, $80; maximum,
$1,400.
SUPERINTENDENT, SUPERVISORS AND ASSISTANT SUPERIN-
TENDENTS, SECRETARY, ^AUDITING CLERK AND BUSI-
NESS AGENT.
The position of Superintendent was created in 1851, the
Board of Supervisors in 1876 and the offices of Secretary and
Auditing Clerk were separated in 1879. In 1906 the position
of Business Agent was estabhshed by act of the Legislature.
The salaries of these positions since 1876 are shown below :
Superintendent.
*
Supervisors.
1876.
1878.
1901.
1876.
1878.
1906.
$4,500
$4,200
$6,000
$4,000
$3,7S0
$4,500
"Assistant Superintendents since September 1, 190c
»
Secretary.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1884.
1894.
1896.
1906.
Sl.SOO
$2,000
$2,500
$2,880
$3,300
$2,700
3,000
3,300
$3,780
Third year
Auditing Clekk.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1884. 1 1894.
1
1906.
$1,S00
$2,000
$2,.500 S2,SS0
$3,300
$3,7S0
Auditor since September 1, 1906.
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT, 81
Business Agent.
Mr. E. Emmons Grover, Princiiial of the Lowell District,
died suddenly on Saturday, June 19, 1909. Mr. Grover was
born at Foxboro, Mass., July 31, 1857, and entered the semce
of the city May 1, 1889, as a sub-master in the Sherwin Dis-
trict. He subsequently was transferred as sub-master to the
Charles Sumner District, and was elected Principal of the
Lowell District on September 1, 1904, in which position he
remained until his death.
Mr. Grover was a man who earned and held the high respect
of his associates. He was devoted to his duties and dis-
charged them with faithfulness and efficiency. His death
was a serious loss to the school system, and was especially
felt by the teachers and pupils to whose service he had devoted
the best energies of his mind and character.
DAVID A. ELLIS, Chairman.
GEORGE E. BROCK.
JOSEPH LEE.
JAMES P. MAGENIS.
DAVID D. SCANNELL, M. D.
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