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7 GEORGE V
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
A. 1917
DOMINIO^^ OF OAIS^ADA
ANN UAL REPORT
DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
YEAR I:N13ED MARCH 31
1916
PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT.
P>
e-^.^i^;a^&M^^
^i^-^wyvf^^s^^ji
OTTAWA
PRINTED BY J. de L. TACHE,
PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY
1916
[No. 27—1917.1
7 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1917
To Field Marshal His Hoyal IligJtncss Prince Arthur William Patrick Albert, Dxike
of Connaught and of Strathearn, K.G., K.T., K.P., etc., etc., etc., Governor
General and Commander in Chief of the Dominion of Canada.
May it Please Yoi'r Eoyal Higiixess: —
The undersigned has tlie honour to present to Your Eoyal Highness the Annual
Report of the Department, of Indian Affairs for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1916.
Respectfully submitted,
WILLIAM JAMES ROCHE,
Superintendent General of Indian Affairs.
Ottawa, October, 1916.
— AA
7 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1917
CONTENTS.
PAET I.
General Index VII
Index to Schools XYII
Eeport of Deputy Superintendent General of Indian Affairs XXIX
Tabular Statements —
Xo. 1— Census ' 2-53
2 — Grain Production 54-58
3— Boots and Fodder 59-64
4 — Land and Private Fencing and Buildings G5-70
5 — Public Buildings 71-75
6 — Agricultural Implements, Vehicles, etc 76-80
7 — Live Stock and Poultry 81-86
8— General Effects S7-t>l
9 — Educational and Industrial 92-90
10 — Progress during Year 97-101
11 — Value of Real and Personal Property and Progress during
Year 102-109
12 — Sources and Value of Income 110-114
School Statement ' 115-143
Establishment of Indian Boarding and Industrial Schools 144-159
Indian Land Statement 160-162
Appropriation Account? 163-164
Indian Trust Fund 165
Officers and Employees 166-196
PAET II.
Eeports of Indian Agents and Inspectors 3-117
Report of the Superintendent of Indian Education 119-196
Eeports on Schools by Inspectors 196-236
7 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1917
GENERAL INDEX
Notes. — All page numbers refer to Part II unless Part I is mentioned.
Index to Schools" follows General Index.
Abenakis> of Becancour, Que Denis Hebert 22
St. Francisi, Que Henri Niquet 23
Ahtahkakoop's Band, Carlton Agency. Sask. . . . S. A. INIilligan «1
Alberta Incorporate — Agencies J. A. Markle 7S
Alexander's Band, Kdmonton Agency, Alberta. .Geo. H. Race 74
Alexis Band, Edmonton Agency, Alberta " 74
Algonquins of Maniwaki, Que E. S. Gauthier 2.3
Timiskaming, Que J. A. Renaud 29
Alnwick Band. Ont W. R. Coyle 10
Amalecitesi of Cacouna, Que Same as " Amalecites of V:ger " 24
" Viger, Que Xarcisse LeBel 24
Annapolis County, N.S., Micmacs George S. Hoy t 31
Antigonish County. N.S., Micmacsi John Cameron 31
Appropriation accounts Summary, Part I, page 1*>3
Assabaska Bana R- S. McKenzie
Assiniboine Agency, Sask Thos. E. Donnelly
Babine and Upper Skeena Agency, B.C R. E. Loring. . SI
Bastien, Antoine O Hurons of Lorette, Que -■>
Batchawana Band, Ont A. D. McNabb 13
Bathurst Band, X.B Col. John Sheridan 30
Battleford Agency, Sask J.A.Rowland.. o8
Baxter, F. W Gore Bay Agency, Ont 7
Bav of Quinte, Ont., Mohawks G.M.Campbell ..-.•• 1-
Beardy's Band, Duck Lake Agency, Sask Chas. P. Schmidt fi3
Bearspaw'g Band, Stony Agency, Alberta.. . .E. H. Yeomans 78
Beattie, Edwin Moravians of the Thames, Ont 1-
Beaver Band, St. Johns, Lesser Slave Lake
Lake Agency, Alberta Harold Laird
Beaver Band, St. Johns, Lesser Slave Lake
Agency. Alberta " '''
Beaver Band, Dunvegan, Lesser Slave Lake,
Aqui, etc " '''
Beaver Lake Band, Saddle Lake Agency, Al-
berta Chas. E. Hughes
Becancour, Que., Abenakis Denis Hebert --
Beckwith. Chas. E Micmacs of Kings County, X..> Ct
Bella Coola Agency, Que Iver Fougner
Berens River Band, Fisher River Agency, Man.T. H. Carter
Bersimis Agencv, Que .Tos. F. X. Bo.<s4. M.D
Bertrand, Chas. F Lake of Two Mountains Agency. Que. .
Big Cove Band. N.B Col. John Sheridan
Big Island Band, Ont R. S. McKenzie
Birdtail Sioux Band, Birtle Agency, Man. .. ..G. H. WHieatley
Birtle Ageney, Man.. "
Black River Band, Man F. W. R. Colcleugh <'|
Blackfooot Agency, Alberta T. H. Gooderham ;^-
Blood Agency. Alberta W. J. Dilworth 'J
Bloodvein Band. Fisher River Agency, Min. . ..T.H.Carter.. '
Boss^, Jos. F. X., M.D Bersimis Agency, Que
Bourchier, John R Chippewas of Georgina and Snake Islan
Ont
Bovd, A. J Xova Scotia — Agencies ^'
Brokenhead Band, Man F. W. R. Colcleugh *2
Brosseau, J. M Iroquois of Caughnawaga, Que ■■■^
Brown, J. Robert Okanagan Agency, B.C *
Brown "W Rus^'^ll Ojibbewas of Lake Superior, -Western
Division 1^
Brunswick Post Band. Ont Wm. McLeod ^^
Buctouche Band, X.B Col. John Sheridan.
DEPARTMEyr OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Buffalo Bay Band, Ont T.P.Wright
Bunn, John R Lake Winnipeg Inspectorate — Agencies
Burnt Church Band, N.B Col. John Sheridan
Butlin, J Hobbema Agency, Alberta
Byrne, Peter .. .. Xew. Westminster Agency, B.C
Cacouna, Que., Amalecites Same as " Amalecites of Viger " 24
Cameron, John Antigonish and Guysborough Counties,
N.S 31
Campbell, G. M Mohawks of the Bay of Quint§, Ont. . .. 12
John E Micmacs of Victoria County, N.S SC
Cape Breton County. N.S.. Micmacs Rev. A. R. McDonald 31
Cape Croker, Ont., Chippewas .\. J. Duncan 3
Card. Gerald.. Fort Smith Agency, N.W.T 56
Carlton Agency, Sask S. A. Milligan 61
Carry-the-Kettle Band, Sask Thos. E. Donnelly 58
Carter, T. H Fisher River Agency, Man 41
Caughnawaga, Que., Iroquois J. M. Brosseau 25
Census. See " Census," Part I, pages 2-53.
Chapleau Agency, Ont Wm. McLeod 3
Chemawawin Band, Man W. R. Taylor 43
Chiniquay's Band, Stony Agency, Alberta.. ..J. W. Waddy, E. H. Teomans 78
Chipewyan Band, Fort Chipewyan, Alberta. . .. Gerald Card 56
Great Slave Lake, N.W.T. .. Gerald Card 56
Onion Lake Agency, Sask. ..W. Sibbald 66
Saddle Lake Agency, Sask. ..Chas. E. Hughes 77
Chippewas of Beausoleil. Ont Same as "Chippewas of Cape Croker."
Cape Croker, Ont A. J. Duncan 3
Christian Island, Ont C. J. Picotte 4
Georgina and Snake Islands, Ont. J. R. Bourchier 4
Nawasih, Ont Same as "Chippewas of Cape Croker''..
Rama, Ont Chas. W. Myers 5
Sarnia. Ont T. Maxwell 5
Saugeen, Ont T. A. Stout 6
Thames, Ont Henry Janes 4
Walpole Island, Ont Thos. A. McCallum 18
Chisholm, Daniel Micmacs of Halifax County, N.S 33
Christian Island Band, Ont C. J. Picotte 4
Christianson, M Pelly Aerency, Sask 66
Clandeboye Agency, Man P. W. R. Colcleugh 40
Clearwater Lake Band, Birtle Agency, Man. . . G. H, Wheatley. . 38
Cockburn, Geo. P Sturgeon Falls Agency, Ont 16
Ipland Band. Ont . . . F. W. Baxter 8
Colchester County, N.S., Micmacs Robert H. Smith 32
Colcleugh, F. W. R Clandeboye Agency, Man 40
Conroy, H. A Report on Treaty No. 8 79
" . Fort Simpson and Port Smith Agencies,
N.W.T 57
Cory, Thos Moose Mountain Agency, Sasik 64
Cote Band, Pelly Agency, S^sk M. Christianson 66.
Couchiching Band. Ont T. P. Wright 7
Cowes.se.=s Band, Crooked Lake Agency, Sask..E. Taylor 62
Cowich.Tn Agency. B.C W. R. Robertson 85
Cox, Chas A West Coast Agency, B.C 102
Coyle, W. R.. Mississaguas of Alnwick, Ont 10
Crane River Band. Man A. Ogletree 44
Cree Band, Port Chipewyan, A'berta Gerald Card ,. 56
" Port Vermilion, Lesser Slave Lake
Agency, Alberta Harold Laird 76
Cromble, W. B ?^orth Saskatchewan Insrpectorate. ..... 6£
Crooked Lake Agency, Sask E.Taylor 62
Crozier, J. W . . . Mississaguas of Scugog, Ont 11
Cumberland Band. Sa.^ik W. R. Taylor 43
" County, N.S., Micmacs LA. Johnson 32
Dalles Band, The, Ont R. S. McKenzie. .
Day Star's Band, Touchwood Hills Agency,
Sask W. Murison
Deasy, Thomas Queen Charlotte Agency, B.C.
lyDEX
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Deer Lake Band. Fisher River Agency. Man
Desert River. Que. Algonquins •• •
Digby County, Micmac?
Dilworth, W. J
Ditchburn. W. E •• ■• •■ • ■
Dogrib Band. Great Slave Lake. N.T\.T...
Dokis Band. Ont
Donnelly. Thomas E
Doyle. Frank
Driftpile River Band. Lesser Slave Lake Agency,^^ 11 L • d
T. H. Carter
E. S. Gauthier
R. A. Harris
Blood Agency, Alberta . .
Southwestern Inspectorate,
Gerald Card
Geo. P. Cockburn.. .. ..
Assiniboine Agency, Sask.
Mingan Agency, Que. . . .
33
73
110
Fa^le Chas R Moose Woods Reserve. Sask
EaS:'Lake"^nd.Ont R. S. McKenzie •■ ••
Ebb and Flow Lake Band. Man A. Ogletree. •
Edmonton Agency. Alberta • •• .■ ; :^^°-^,^-,f f^'periniendent of Indian 'iklu-
EuUCatlOn • • • • . • r^itinn
.School statement. Part I, pages 115-143.
. . . R«tablishment of Boarding and Industrial
Schools, Part I, pages 144-159
Eel Ground Band. N.B
" River Band. N.B
Employees
Enoch's Band. Edmonton Agency, Alberta..
Brmineskin Band, Hobbema Agency, Alberta.
E^scoumains Band. Que • •
Eskasoni Agency. Cape Breton County, N.S.
See " Index to Schools." following General I"^^^''-
Col. John Sheridan •• •• 30
Return of Officers and Employees. Part I,
pages 166-196. , .
,Geo. H. Race 1*
J. Butlin !,\
,Jos. F. X Boss4. M.D -;'
, Rev. A. R. McDonald •'^
Fairford Band. Man 4 °.tf ^l^^'^h^r;," "'
File Hills Agency. Sask W. M. Graham. . ..
Ex-Pupil Colony, Sask a,Ti<- "' "
Fisher River Agency, Man T. H. Carter
Fishing Lake Band, Touchwood Hills Agency,
q ,? W. Murison
Fl^etham.T.J.;'. ■.■.■.■.■.■.■;.■ ^'"'^''JZ?'' '''''"'
Flving Post Band. Ont Wm. McLeod
Fond du Lac Band. Lake Athabaska. Sask. • Gerald Card ... ..
Fort Alexander Band. Man ^\^i ^ ^°J'^f^"fn
Fort Folly Band. N.B '^''^r> ^^^^^
Fort^Frances Agency. Ont.. .. .. .. •• •• ■•'^'^■Zi;^%,;,,rners\
Fort Fitzgerald Band, Alberta S^''''!1 ^"""l
Fort McMurray Band. Alberta.. Su w''w;;.iV "
Fort. Simpson Agency, N.W.T - • • -^os^^^^^^.. ■
.H. A. Conroy
Fort Smith Band
Fort Vermilion Bands, Lesser Slave
Agency. Alberta
Fort William Band, Ont. .
Fougner, Iver
Freeman, N. P ^ ^ -r^ r^ -kt Tr„„.,;^
Frenchman's Head Band, Savanne Agency, Ont.R. S^ McKenzie
Frog Lake Band, Onion Lake Agency, Sask
Cree" Bands.
Lake
. . . . See " Beaver " and
. . W. Russell Brown
'.'... Bella Colla Agency. B.C • ■ •
..Micmacs of Lunenburg County. N.S.
.W. Sibbald.
Fort Smith Agency, N.W.T., Sask. and Alberta. Gerald Card. .■.;.■.■ 57
Galbraith, R. L. T
Gambler's Band. Birtle Agency, Man . .
Garden River Band. Ont
Gauthier. E. S .■ ,
George Gordon's Band. Touchwood Hills Agency. .^^^^..^
. .Kootenay Agency, B.C
. . G. H. "WTieatley
. . A.. D. McNabb
..Algonquins of Maniwaki, Que.
X DEPARTMEXT OF INDIAX AFFA[Rf<
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
G
(Jeorgina Island. Ont, Chippewas John R. Bourchier 4
■ . hson (or Watha) Band, Ont Alexander Logan lo
GoHen Lake Agency, Ont Patrick Rankins 7
■ ;ooderham, J. H Blackfoot Agency, Alberta 72
<:o.don's Band. Touchwood Hills Agency. .... .Same as "George Gordon's Band."
' ore Bay Agency, Ont F. W. Baxter 8
•^raham, H Lytton Agency, B.C 8t»
\V. M South Saskatchewan Inspectorate 71
'Irand Rapids Band, FisheV River Agrency, Man.T. H. Carter 41
' ;rassy Narrows Band, Ont 11. S. McKenzie ''
I Irifflths, B. J Southwestern Division, New Brunswick. . 3
I -riswoui Agency, Man Jas. McDonald . • 41
. iunn, H. A Peigan Agency, Alberta. 76
':uysl)orougli County, N.S., Micmacs John Cameron 31
Hagan, Samuel Thcssalon Agency, Ont 17
Halifax County, N S., Micmacs Daniel Chisholm 33
HalllJay, W. M Kwawkewlth Agency, B.C SS
Hants County, N.S., Micmacs A. Wallace and J. W. Stephens. ^ 33
Harlow, Charles Micmacs of Queens County, N.S 35
Harris, R. A Micmacs of Digby County, N.S 33-4
Harris, Thos. W ..Fort Simpson Agency, N.W.T 55
Hawksley, John Superintendent for Yukon Territory. . . . 115
Hay River Band N.W.T Gerald Card 56
Hebert, Denis . Abenakis of Becancour, Que 22
Henvey Inlet Band, Ont Alexander Logan 15
Hewitt, C. Gordon, D.Sc ..Transmitting report of Tom Wilson on
Indian orchards in B.C 113
HilKson. John Micmacs of Shelburne County, N.S 36
Hobhema Agency, Alberta J. Butlin 75
Hollowater Band, Man F. W. R. Colcleugh 40
Hoyt, George S Micmacs of Annapolis County, N.3.. .. 31
Hudson Bay Agency J. R. Bunn 55
Hughes, Chaa E Saddle Lake Agency, Alberta 77
Hungry Hall Bands, Ont J. P. Wright 7
Hurons of Lorette, Que A. O. Bastien 25
Ignace Band, Savanne Agency, Ont R. S. McKenzie 9
Irul.-in (wardens Band, Portage la Prairie Agency,
Man A. Ogletre 44
Indian Island Band, N.B Col. John Sheridan 30
Superintendent for Nova Scotia . . . . . . A. J. Boyd 37
Trust p-unds Accounts Summary, Part I, page 165.
Inspection of Agencies See " J. R. Bunn," " W. E. Ditchburn,"
" W. M. Graham," " S. J. Jackson,"
" J. A. Markle," " A. Megraw," "Rev.
J. Semmens " and " A, M. Tyson."
Inverness County, N.S., Micmacs Rev. J. N. McLennan 34
Iroquois of Caughnawaga, Que J. M. Brossieau 25
Lake of Two Mountains, Que.. . . C. F. Bertrand 26
St. Regis, Que Francis E. Taillon 26
I.-!:ind Lake Band, Onion Lake Agency, Sask..W. Sibbald.. 66
" " Norway House Agency. . . . J. Jones 42
lMl;i;gton Band, Ont. R. S. McKenzie 8
J.T Uflsh Lake Band, Battleford Agency, Sas^k.-J. A. Rowland.. 60
Jaikhead Band, Fisher River Agency, Man. . . .T. H. Carter 41
Jai-kson, S. J Lake Manitoba Inspectorate — Agencies .. 45
James Seenum's Band, Saddle Lake Agency,
Alberta Chas. E. Hughes 77
James Smith's Band, Duck Lake Agency, Sask. Chas. P. Schmidt 63
Janes, Henry Chippewas, Munsees and Oneidas of the
Thames. 4
John Smith's Band, Duck Lake Agency, Sask.. Chas. P. Schmidt 63
.'ohnson, J. A Micmacs of Cumberland County, N.S. ... 32
Jones, J Norway House Agency, Man 4 2
Joseph Bighead's Band, Onion Lake Agency,
Sask W. Sibbald CC
/-V/) PA-
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
K.ihkewistahaw Band, Crooked Lake Agency,
Sas>k E. Taylor 62
Kamloops Agency, B.C John F. Smith 86
Keeheewin Band, Onion Lake Agency, Sask. . . . W. SibbaUl 65
Keoseekoonse Band, Pelly Agency, Sask XI. Chri.stianson 66
Keeseekoowenin's Band, Birtle Agency, Man. ..(}. H. Wheatley 38
Kenemotayo's Band, Carlton Agency, SfCsk. . . . S. A. MiUigan.. 61
Kenora Agency, Ont R. .S. McKenzie . S
" " Rev. John Semmens i;t
Key Band, "Velly Agency, Sask M. Christianson 66
Kings County, N.S.. Micmacs .. . . C. E. Beckwith 34
Kngsclear Band, N.B B.J.Griffiths 30
Kinistino Band, Duck Lake Agency, Sask.. . .Chas. P. Schmidt 63
Kiskisink Band, Lake St. John Agency, Que. . . Armand Te.-'sier 2s
Kootenay Agency, B.C R. L. T. Galbraith . S8
Kwawkewlth Agency, B.C W. M. Haliday SS
Lac des lies Band, Onion Lake Agency, Sask. . .Same as "Joseph Bighead's Band."
" des Mille Lacs Band, Ont R. S. McKenzie 9
" la Croix Band, Ont J. P. "Wright 7
" Seul Band, Ont R. S. McKenzie !*
Laird, Harold Lesser Slave Lake Agency, Alberta.. .. 76
Lake Athabaska Band, Fort Smith Agency,
N.W.T Cxerald Card 56
of the Woods Inspectorate Rev. John Semmens IS
Manitoba Inspectorate <. J. Jackson 45
Mistassini Band; Que Armand Tessier 28
Nipigon Band, Ont .S;ime as Nipigon Band 14
St. John. Que., Montagnais Aimand Tessier 23
St. Martin Band, Man A. Ogletree 44
Superior, Ojibbewas See " Ojibbewas "
Timiskaming Band, Que T. A. Renaud 21'
of Two Mountains Agency, Que C. F. Bertrand 26
Winnipeg Inspectorate John R. Bunn 50
La,nds See "Indian Land Statement,'" Part I.
page 160.
LeBel, Narcisse Amalecites of Viger, Que 24
Lesser Slave Lake Agency, Alberta TIarold Laird 76
Lewis, R. J Manitowaning Agency, Ont.
Bone Band, Crooked Lake Agency, Sa.sk. E. Taylor. 62
Forks Band, Ont J. P. Wright 7
Grand Rapids Band, Fisher River
Agency, Man. . . . T. H. Carter 41
Pine Band, Battleford Agency, Sask T. A. Rowland 60
Red River Band, Lesser Slave Lake
Agency, Alberta Harold Laird 76
" Saskatchewan Band, Man A. Ogletree 4 4
Logan, Alexander I'arry Sound Superintendency, Ont 15
Long Lake Band, Ont W. Russell Brown 14
" Plain Band, Man A. Ogletree 44
" ^<iault Bands, Ont J. P. Wright i
Loon Lake Band, Onion Lake Agency, Sask..W. Sibbald 66
Lorette, Que, Hurons A. O. Bastien * 25
Loring, Richard E Babine and Upper Skeena River Agency,
B.C 84
Louis Bull's Band, Hobbema Agency, Alberta.., L Butlin 7j
Lunenburg County, N.S., Micmacs X. P. Freeman 35
Lytton Agency, B.C H. Graham S9
Mac or Mc
McAllan. W. J Stuart Lake Agency, B.C lOO
MoCallum, Thos. A Walpole Island Agency, Ont 1 *<
MpCamus, R. J Mi.ssissaguas of Rice and Mud Lakes, Out. 11
McDonald, Rev. A. R Eskasoni Agency, Cape Breton County.
N.S 31
" James '.riswold Agency, Man 41
Rev. John A Superintendent for Prince Edward Island. S-^
Rev. R. L Micmacs of Richmond County, XS 36
MacDougal, C. A.. M.D Seven Islands Agency, Que. 2?
McGibbon, Chas Six Nation Indians !•'
xii f DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Mac or Mc
McKenzie, Robert S Kenora and Savanne Agencies, Ont. . .. 8
McLennan, Rev. J. X .Micmacs of Inverness County, N.S 34
MacLeod, Rev. J. D Micmacs of Pictou County, N.S 35
McLeod, William Chapleau Agency, Ont. 3
McXabb, A. D Ojibbewas of Lake Superior, Eastern
Division 13
Maganatawan Band, Ont Alexander Logan 15
Makwa Lake Band, Onion Lake Agency, Sask. Same as "Loon Lake Band."
Manitou Rapids Bands, Ont J. P. Wright 7
Manitoulin l.sland, unceded R. J. Lewis 9
Manitowaning Agency, Ont " 9
Manitowapah Agency, Ont A. Ogletree 44
Maniwaki Band, Que K. S. Gauthier 23
Maria, Que., Micmacs Uev. J. D. Morin 27
Markle, J. A Alberta Inspectorate 78
Martin Falls Band, Ont W. Russell Brown 14
Mas.sett Band, Queen Charlotte Agency, B.C. ..Thomas Deasy 95
Matatchewan Band, Ont lieorge P. Cockburn 16
Mattagami Band, Ont Wm. McLeod 3
Maxwell, Timothy Chippewas of Sarnia, Ont 5
Meadow Lake Band, Battleford Agency, Sask.. J. A. Rowland 60
Megraw, A Southeastern Inspectorate 107
Metlakatla Band, Nass Agency, B.C Chas. C. Perry f2
Michel's Band, Edmonton Agency, Alberta.. ..Geo. H. Race ». •• 74
Michipfcoten Band, Ont A. D. McNabb 13
Micmacs of Maria, Que Rev. J. D. Morin 27
" Nova Scotia See under name of counties.
Prince Edward Island Rev. John A. McDonald 38
" Ristigouche, Que J. Pitre 27
Milligan, S. A Carlton Agency, Sask 61
Mlngan Agency, Que Frank Doyle 27
Ministikwan Band, Onion Lake Agency, Sasik..Same as " Island Lake " 66
Missinaibi Band, Ont Wm. McLeod 3
Mississagi River Band, Ont S. Hagan 17
Mississaguas of Alnwick, Ont W. R. Coyle 10
the Credit, Ont W. C. Van Loon 10
Mud Lake, Ont R. j. MoCamus 11
Rice Lake, Ont " 11
Scugog, Ont T. W. Crozier 11
Mistawasis Band, Carlton Agency, Sask S. A. Milligan.. 61
Mohawks of the Bay of Quints, Ont G.M.Campbell 12
Moisie, Que., Montagnais C. A. MacDougal, M.D 29
Montagnais of Lake St. John, Que Armand Tessier 28
Mingan Agency, Que Prank Doyle 27
Seven Islands, Que C. A. MacDougal, M.D 29
Montana Band, Hobbema Agency, Alberta.. ..J. Butlin 75
Montreal Lake Band, Carlton Agency, Sask. . . S. A. Milligan 61
Moose Lake Band, Man W. R. Taylor 43
Mountain Agency, Sask Thos Cory 64
Woods Re.serve, Sask Chas. R. Eagle 64
Moosiejaw Sioux, Sask Thos. E. Donnelly 58
Moosomin Band, Battleford Agency, Sask I. A. Rowland 60
Moravians of the Thames, Ont Edwin Beattie 12
Morin. Rev. J. D >ricmacs of Maria, Que 27
Mud Lake, Ont.. Mississaguas R. J. McCamus 11
Munsees of the Thames, Ont Henry Janes 4
Murison. William Touchwood Hillsi Agency, Sask.' .* 68
Muscowekwan Band, Sask W. Murison 68
Muscowpetung Band. Qu'Appelle Agency, Sask. H. Nichol 67
Myers, Chas. W. . . Chippewas of Rama, Ont 5
Nanaimo Band, Cowichan Agency, B.C \V. R. Robertson 85
Nass Agency, B.C Charles C. Perrv 92
New Brunswick Col. John Sheridan and B. J. Griffiths.. 30
New Westminster Agency, B.C Peter Byrne 94
Niacatchewenin Band, Ont J. P. Wright 7
Nichol, H Qu'Appelle Agency, Sask 67
Nickickonseraenecaning Band, Ont j. P. Wright 7
IXDE.X xiii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
N
Nipigon Band, Ont \V. Russell Brown. 14
Nlpissing Band, Ont leo. P. Cockburn 16
Niquet, Henri .\beniikis of St. Francis, Que 23
Northern Inspectorate, British Columbia .. ..A M.Tyson 103
North Saskatchewan Inspectorate \V. B. Crombie 69
Northwest Angle Bands, Ont. and Man K. S. McKenzie S
Norway Hou£« Agency, Manitoba J. Jones 42
Nova Scotia See under names of counties.
A. J. Boyd, Supt. for the Province 37
Nut Lake Band, Duck Lake Agency, Sask. . . . Chas. P. Schmidt 63
Oak Lake (Sioux) Band No. 59, Man Jas. McDonald 41
" River (Sioux) Band No. 5S. Man " . 41
Obidgewong Band, Ont F.W.Baxter S
Ochapowace Band, Crooked Lake Agency, Sask. E. Taylor 62
Officers Return of officers and employees. Part I,
pages 166-196.
Ogden, Isaac Williams Lake Agency, B.C 103
Ogletree, A Portage-la-Prairie and Manitowapah
Agencies, Man 44
Ojibbewas of Lake Superior, Eastern Division.. A. D. McNabb 13
Western Division. W. Russell Brown 14
Mississagi River, Ont S. Hagan 17
Oka Band, Que C. F. Bertrand 26
Okanagan Agency, B.C J. Robert Brown 94
Okemassiis Band, Duck Lake Agency, Sask. ..Chas. P. Schmidt 63
One Arrow's Band. Duck Lake Agency, Sask.. " 63
Oneidas of the Thames, Ont Henry Janes 4
Onion Lake Agency, Sask W. Sibbald 66
Band, Sask " ' 66
Orchardsi, B.C Torn Wilson 113
Oromocto Band, N.B B. J. Griffiths 30
Parry Sound Superintendency, Ont Alexander Logan 13
Pas Agency, Man. and Sask W.R.Taylor 43
" Band, Man " 43
Pasqua Band, Qu'Appelle Agency, Sask H. Nichol 67
Paul's Band, Edmonton Agency, Alberta .. ..<ieo. H. Race 74
Pays Plat Band, Ont W. Russell Brown 14
Peace River Crossing, Lesser Slave Lake,
Alberta Harold Laird 76
Peguis Band, Man T. H. Carter 41
Peigan Agency. Alberta HA. Gunn 76
Pekangekum Band, Fisher River Agency, Man. . T. H. Carter 41
Pelican Lake Band. Carlton Agency, Sask.. . . S. A. Milligan 61
Pelly Agency, Sask M. Christiansen 66
Perry, Chas. C Nass Agency, B.C 92
Petaquakey's Band, Carlton Agency, Sask.. . . S. A. Milligan 61
Piapot Band, Qu'Appelle Agency, Sask H. Nichol 67
Pic River Band, Ont W. Russel Brown 14
Picotte. C. J Chippewas of Christian Island, Ont.. .. 4
Pictou County. N.S., Micmacs Rev. J. D. MacLeod 3.3
Pierreville, Que., Seigniory See " Abenakis of St. Francis."
Pine Creek Band, Man A. Ogletree. 44
Pitre, Jeremie Micmacs of Rlstigouche, Que 27
Pointe Bleue Band, Que Armand Tesxsier 2.*?
Point Grondin Pand. Ont R. J. Lewis 9
Poorman's Band, Touchwood Hills Agency,
Sask W. Murison 68
Poplar River Band, Fisher River Agency, Man. .T. H. Carter 41
Population See " Census," Part I, pages 2-53.
Port Essington Band, Nass Agency, B.C.. ..C. C. Perry.. 92
" Simpson Bnnd, Nass Agency, B.C " 92
Portage-la-Prairie Agency, Man A. Ogletree.. / 4 4
Sioux Band. Man " ^*
Pottawattamies of Walpole I.<;Iand, Ont Thos. A. MeCallum l^^
Poundmaker Band, Battleford Agency, Sask..J A. Rowland 60
Prince Edward Island Rev. John A. McDonald, Superintendent
for the Province 3?
xiv DEPAETMEyT OF IXDIAy AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Q
Qu'Appelle Agency. Sask H. Xichol 67
Queen Charlotte Agency, B.C Thomas Deasy 9o
Queens Countv, N.S., Micmacs Cha.s. Harlow 3o
Race Geo. H E Imonton Agency, Alberta 74
Rama, On't., Chippewks Chas. W. Myers.. • • • • 5
Rankins, Patrick.. .. Golden Lake Agency. Ont 7
Rat Portage Band, Ont R- S. McKenzie 8
Red Bank Band, N.B Col. John Sheridan 30
Red Earth Band. Sask W. R. Taylor 43
Red Pheasant Band. Battleford Agency, Sask.. J. A. Rowland 60
Red Rock Band. Ont W. Russell Brown 14
Religion See " Census." Part I, pages 2-53.
Renaud. J. A Timiskaming Band, Que 29
Rice Lake, Ont.. Mississagua? K. J. McCamus 11
Richmond County. N.S.. Micmacs Rev. R. L. McDonald 36
Ristigouche Band, Que I. Pitre 27
Robertson, Donald F. . . . . Survey Report 82
W. R Cowichan Agency, B.C 85
Rolling River Band.^Birtle Agency, Man.. . . 4. H. Wheatley 38
Roseau Rapids" Band, Man A. Ogletree 44
Roseau River Band, Man " 44
Rowland, J. A Battleford Agency, Sask 60
St
St. Francis, Que., Abenakis Henri Xiquet 23
St. Mary's Band, X.B R. J. Grt-iffiths 30
St. Peters Band, Man F. W. R. Colcleugh 40
St. Regis, Que., Iroquois Francis E. Taillon 26
s
Saddle Lake Agency, Alberta .. Charles E. Hughes ". . . . 77
Band, Alberta " 77
Sakimay's Band, Crooked Lake Agency, Sask..E. Taylor 62
Samson's Band, Hobbema Agency, Alberta ..J. Butlin 75
Sandy Bay Band, Man A. Ogletree 44
Sanitation See side heading "Health and Sanitation"
in each report.
Sarcee Agency. Alberta T. J. Fleetham 77
Sarnia, Ont., Chippewas T.Maxwell 5
Saugeen Agency, Ont T. A. Stout 6
Savanne Agency. Ont R. S. McKenzie 8
" Rev. John Semmens 20
Sawridge Band, Lessor Slave Lake Agency,
Alberta Harold Laird 76
Schmidt, Chas. P Duck Lake Agency, Sask 63
Schools See " Index to Schools " following General
Index.
Scugog, Ont., Mississaguas J. W. Crozier 11
Seine River Band, Ont J. P. Wright. 7
Semmensi, Rev. John Lake of the Woods Inspectorate" 18
Serpent River Band, Ont. . .. S. Hagan 17
Seven Islands Band, Que C. A. MacDougal 29
Shawanaga Band, Ont .. .. Alexander Logan 15
Sheguiandah Band, Ont .. . . R. J. Lewis 9
Shelburne County, N.S., Micmacs John Hipson 36
Sheridan, Col. John Northeastern Division, New Brunswick.. 30
Shes'hegwaning Band, Ont F. W. Baxter . S
Shoal Lake Bands. Ont R. S. McKenzie 8
Band, Sask W. R. Taylor 43
Shoal River Band, Man A. Ogletree 44
Shubenacadie Agency, Hants County. N.S. . .. Alonzo Wallace 33
vSibbald. William Onion Lake Agency, Sask.. 66
Simpson. W. Scott Stikine Agency, B.C. . 100
Six Nations of the Grand River. Ont Chas. McGibbon 16
Skidegate Band. Queen Charlotte Agency, B.C. .Thomas Deasy 95
Slave Band. Great Slave Lake, N.W.T Gerald Card 56
IXDEX XV
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
s
Sralth, John F. K.iu.; ,.. .\- .. .. 11. S6
Robert H Mi. nuitb^ of OuUlKsier County, N.S. . .. 32
Snake Island, Ont., Chippewas John 11. Bouichier 4
Songhees Band. Cowichan Agency, B.C W. R. Robertson 85
South Bay Band, Ont R. J. Lewis 9
South Saskatchewan Inspectorate W. M. I'.rahain 7]
Southeastern Inspectorate, B.C A. Megraw 107
Southwestern Inspectorate. B.C W. E. Ditchburn 110
Spanish River Band, Nos 1 and 2 S. Hagan 17
No. 3 R. J. I>ewis
Standing Buffalo Band, Sask H. Nichol
Stangecoming Band, Ont J.P.Wright
Statistics.. . . «ee Tart I.
Stephens J. W Windsor Agency, Hants County, N s. . . :;4
Stikine Agency, B.C W. Scott Simpson 100
Stony Agency, Alberta !•:. H. Yeomans 78
Band, Battleford Agency, Sask J. A. Rowland CO
Plain Band, Edmonton Agency, Alberta. Same as "Enoch's Band" 74
Stout, T. A Chippewas of Saugeen, Ont 6
Stuart Lake Agency. B.C W. J. McAllan 100
Sturgeon Falls Agency, Ont Geo. P. Cockburn 16
Lake Band, Ont John P. Wright 7
Lake Band, Lesser Slave Lake Agency,
Alberta. . . . . Harold Laird 76
Sucker Lake Band, Ont R. J. Lewis 9
Lesser Slave Lake Agency,
Alberta Harold Laird 76
Sucker Lake Band. Ont R. .T. Lewis ft
Survey Report D. F. Robertson 82
Swan Lake Band. Portage-la-Prairie Agency
Man A. Ogletree 4 4
Swan Lake Band, Portage-la-Prairie Agency,
Alberta Harold Laird. . T'".
Sweet Grass Band. Battleford Agency, Sask. ..J. A. Rowland >'■"
Tahgaiwinini Band, Ont R. J. Lewisi 9
Taillon, Francis E Iroquois of St. Regis, Que 26
Taylor, E Crooked Lake Agency, Sask 62
Tayior, W. R Pas Agency, Man. and Sask 43
Tessier, Armand Montagnais of Lake St. John, Que 2S
Thgimes River. Ont., Chippewas Henry Janes 4
" Moravians Edwin Beattie 12
" ;Munsees Henry Janes 4
Oneidas " 4
Thessalon Agency. Ont S. Hagan 17
Band, Ont " •••... 1 "
Thunderchild Band, Battleford Agency. Sask.. J. A. Rowland
Timagami Band. Ont Ceo. P. Cockburn
Timiskaming .-Agency, Que J. A. Renaud 29
Touchwood Hills Agency, Sask W. Murison 6S
Treaty No. 8 H. A. Conroy T9
Tusearoi a Township, Mississaguas W. C. Van Loon 1"
Si.K Nations Chas. McGibbon 16
Tyendinaga Band, Ont i ;. M. Campbell 12
Tvson, A. M. . , .. Northern Inspectorate, B.C l^^S
Upper Hay River Band, Lesser Slave Lake
Agency, Alberta jlarold Laird .
16
Valley River Band. Man .M. Christianson 66
Van Loon. W. C M=ssissaguas of the Credit, Ont 10
Victoria County. N.S.. Micmacs John E. Campbell ■'"
Viger, Que., Amalecites Na:ci.=«e Le Bel
xvi DEPARTJIEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
w
"Wabigon Band, Ont R. S. McKenzie 9
Wabiskaw Band, Lesser Slave Lake Agency,
Alberta Harold Laird 76
Wabuskang Band, Ont R. S. McKenzie 9
Wahpaton Band, Carlton Agency, Sask S. A. Milligan 61
Wallace, Alonzo Shubenacadie Agency, Hants County, N.S. 33
Walpole Island Agency, Ont Thos. A. McCallum 18
Waterhen Band, Battleford Agency, Sask J. A. Rowland 60
River Band, Man . A. Ogletree 44
Watha (or Gibson) Band, Ont Alexander Logan 15
Waywayseecapo's Band, Birtle Agency, Man. . i. H. Wheatley 38
Wesley's Band, Stony Agency, Alberta ^C. H. Yeomans 78
West Bay Band, Ont F. W. Baxter. 8
West Coast Agency, B.C '"has. A. Cox 102
Whalen, Wm. H Micmacs of Yarmouth County, N.S. .... 37
Wheatley, G. H Birtle Agency, Man 38
White Bear Band, Moose Mountain Agency,
Sask.. Thos. Cory 64
Whiteflsh Bay Band, Ont R. S. McKenzie 8
Willianris Lake Agency, B.C R.J.Lewis 9
Lake Band, Lesser Slave Lake
Agency, Alberta Harold Laird 76
Whitefish River Band, Ont R.J.Lewis 9
William Tvvatt's Band, Carlton Agency, Sask..s. A. Milligan 61
Williams Lake Agency, B.C Isaac Odgen 103
Wilson, Tom Report on Indian Orchards in British
Columbia 113
Witchekan Lake Band, Battleford Agency, Sask. I. A.Rowland 60
Woodstock Band, N.B B. J. Griffiths 30
Windsor Agency, Hants County, N.S I W. Stephens'.. 34
Wright, John P Fort Frances Agency, Ont 7
Yarmouth County, N.S., Micmacs Wm. H. Whalen 37
Yellowknife Band, Great Slave Lake, N.W.T. .Gerald Card 56
Yfomans, E. H. . .. Stony Agency, Alberta 78
Yukon Territory John Hawskley 115
JXDEX TO SCHOOLS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
INDEX TO SCHOOLS
PRIXCE EDWARD ISLAND.
Lennox Island Rev. John A. McDonald 123
Rocky Point " 124
NOVA SCOTIA.
A
Arcadia. Yarmouth County W. H. ^Vhalen 128
Afton, Antigonish County John Cameron 124
B
Bear River, Digby County R.A.Harris 125
Boyd, A. J Indian Superintendent for Nova Scotia.. 19t;
C
:• ie River, Shelburne County J. Hipson 127
E
Elmsdale, Halifax County D. Chisholm 126
Emfield " " 12^
Eskasoni, Cape Breton County Rev. A. R. McDonald 123
F
Fisher's Grant, Pictou County See "Indian Cove" 127
H
Halfway River, Franklin Manor, Cumberland
County J. A. Johnson
Hoctanooga, Yarmouth County W. H. Whalen . . 123
I
Indian Brook, Hants County See " Shubenacadie."
Indian Cove, Fisher's Grant, Pictou County ..Rev. J. D. McLeod 127
K
Kings County '. E. Beckwith 126
L
Lequille, Annapolis County G. S. Hoyt 124
M
Malagawatch, Inverness County I ;ev. J. M. McLennan 12.',
Middle River, Victoria County J. H. Campbell 127
Millbrook, Colchester County H. H. Smith 124
X
New Germany, Lunenburg County X. P. Freeman l-'i
S
Sable River, Shelburne County J. Hipson 127
Salmon River, Richmond County Rev. R. L. McDonald 127
Sheet Harbour, Halifax County ,. D. Chisholm 12*;
Shelburne River. Shelburne County . . . . . . . . J. Hipson 127
Shubenacadie, Indian Brook, Hants County ..A. "SVallace 12*;
T
Tuffs Cove. Halifax County D. Chisholm. l^*;
Tusket, Yarmouth County .. .. \V. H. Whalen 12s
Tusket Forks, Yarmouth County " 123
Whycocomagh, Inverness County 11, v. J. M. McLennan.
Y
Yarmouth, Yarmouth County \V. H. Whalen
27— B
DEPARTMEXT OF lyDIAX AFFAIRS
NEW BRUNSWICK.
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Big Cove, Kent County
Burnt Church, Northumberland County.. .
. Col. J. B. Sheridan . .
. nzv. J. J. Ryan. . . .
.Col. J. B. Sheridan.
. Uev. J. J. Ryan . . .
128
199
128
198
Kdmundston, Madwaska County.. ..
Kel Ground, Northumberland County..
Ol River, Restigouche County
. . N. J. Wootten ....
. . Rev. J. J. Ryan . .
. . Col. J. B. Sheridan .
. . Rev. J. J. Ryan . . .
. . <;ol. J. B. Sheridan .
. . Key. J. J. Ryan. .
K
Kingsclear, York County B. J. Griffiths
}le\. J. J. Ryj
129
199
128
198
128
198
129
lf9
Oromocto, Sunbury County.
.B. J. Griffiths. .
. Rev. J. J. Ryan .
129
lift
r>(l Bank, Northumberland County Col. J. B. Sheridan.
Rev. J. J. Ryan . . .
Ryan, Rev. John J Inspector of Schools.
St
St. Joseph's College, Memramcook, Westmorland
County Rev. J. J. Ryan . . .
St. Mary's. York County . . B. J. Griffiths
" " Rev. J. J. Ryan . . .
128
198
198
200
200
Tobique, Victoria County.
. .N. J. Wootten. . .
. . Rev. J. J. Ryan .
129
198
Wood.stock, Carleton County.
B. J. Griffiths. . .
Rev. J. J. Ryan .
129
200
QUEBEC.
Bersimis, Saguenay County
. . Jofi. F. X. Bossg, M.D .
C
• "aughnawawa, Lapralrie County —
Bush J. >r. Brosseau.
St. Isidore Road
Village, Protestant "
Roman Catholic "
Chenail, Huntingdon County. . A. E. Taillon. .
Chetlain "
Congo Bridge, Wright County E. S. Gauthier.
Cornwall Island, Stormount County A. E. Taillon. .
B
Rscoumains, Saguenay County
130
130
130
130
133
133
131
133
Jos. F. X. Boss<6, M.D.
T..ong Point, Pontiac County J. A. Renaud.
I..orette. Quebec County .\. O. Bastien.
Maniwaki, Wright County I-]. S. Gauthier..
Maria, Bonaventure County Rev. J. D. Morin.
131
131
r)ka. Two Mountains County —
Country '^. F. Bertrand ,
Village
132
132
IXDtn To SCHOOLS xis
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
QVEiBEC— Concluded.
P
PlerreTille, Yamaska County —
Protestant U. Niquet. 132
St. Joseph's Academy (R.C.) " 132
Poiiite Bleue, Chicoutimi County A. Tessier 132
R
Ristigouche, Bonaveiiture County ). A. Pitre 133
St
St. Joseph's Academy, Pierreville, Yamaska Co.ll. Niquet 132
St. Regis, Huntingdon County —
Island A. E. Taillon 133
Village.. •• 133
T
Timiskaming, Poniiac County.. J. A. Renaud 134
ONTARIO.
A
Alnwick, Northumberland County W. R. Coyle.
Back Settlement. Middlesex County II. Janes 135
Batchawana, Algoma District A. D. McNabb.. 145
Beax Creek, Middlesex County H. Janes 135
Bear Island, Nipipsing District >. P. Cockburn 148
Buzwah, Manitoulin Island, Algoma District . . K. J. Lewi? .. .. .. 141
C
Cape Croker No. 1, Bruce County A. J. Duncan l36
Cecilia Jeffrey Boarding, Kenora District.. . . R. S. McKenzie 140
" " " .. ..Rev. John Semmens 206
Chapleau Boarding, Algoma District Wm. McLeod 136
Christian Island. Georgina Bay, Simcoe County, i'. J. Picotte 139
Cockburn Island, Algoma District 136
F
Fort Francis Boarding, Rainy River District.. T. P. Wright 138
..Rev. John Semmens 206
Fort William Orphanage, Thunder Bay District. W. R. Brown 138
French Bay, Saugeen Peninsula, Bruce County. .T. A. Stout 144
G
Garden River Anglican, Algoma District A. D. McJvabb 145
Roman Catholic " 145
Garden Village, Nipissing Disitrict ;. p. Cockburn 148
Georgina Islands, Lake Simcoe, York County. . r. R. Bourchier .. .. 138
Gibson, Muskoka District \!e.x. Logan. 142
Golden Lake, Renfrew County. . . P. Ranking. . .'. 139
Goulais Bay, Algoma District \. D. McNabb 145
Gull Bay, Thunder Bay District W. R. Brown 137
H
Henvey Inlet, Parry Sound District Alex. Logan 142
Rev. John Semmens 205
K
Kenora Boarding, Kenora District R. .S. McKenzie 140
Kettle Point, Lam bton County T. Maxwell .. .. 144
L
Lake Helen, Thunder Bay District W. C. Van Loon 142
M
Mattawa Separate, Nipissing District G. P. Cockburn 148
Mission Bay, Thunder Bay District W. R. Brown 137
Missiasagi, Algoma District. . .. S. Hagan 149
Mobert Thunder Bay District W. R. Brown 137
Moraviantown, Kent County E. Beattie 142
Mountain Village, Thunder Bay District W.R.Brown 137
Mud I.^ke. Peterborough County R. J. McCamus 143
27— Bi
DEPART MEX2' OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
ONTARIO — Concluded.
N
New Credit, Haldiraand County W. C. Van Loon 149
O
Oneida No. 2, Middlesex County H. Janes 135
" No. 3 " " 135
Parry I.sland (Ryerson), Tliunder Bay District. . Alex. Logan 142
Pays Plat, Th-jnrler Bay District . W. R. Brown 138
Pic River, Thunder Bay District " 137
Port Elgin (No. 3), Saugeen Peninsula. Bruce
County A. J. Duncan 136
Rama, Ontario County C.W.Myers 143
Rice Lake, Peterborough County R. J. McCamus , 143
River Settlement. Middlesex County H. Janes 135
Ryerson, Parry Island Same as James, "Parry Island'' 112
St
St. Clair, Lambton County T. Maxwell 143
6
Saugeen, Saugeen Peninsula, Bruce County. . ..T. A. Stout 144
Scotch Settlement, Saugeen Peninsula. Bruce
County " 144
Scugog, Ontario County J. "W. Crozier 146
Semmens, Rev. John ..Lake of the Woods Inspectorate 205
Shawanaga. Parry Sound District. Alex. Logan 142
She«hegwaning, Anglican, Manitoulin Island,
Algoma District 129
Sheshegwaning, Roman Catholic, Manitoulin Is-
land, AlRoma District 139
Sheguiandah, Manitoulin Island, Algoma Dist..R. J. Lewis 141
Shingwauk Home, Sault Ste. Marie, Algoma
District A. D. McNabb 145
Shoal Lake Rev. J. Semmens
Sidney Bay (No. 2), Saugeen Peninsula, Bruce
County A.J.Duncan 136
Six Nations No. 1, Brant County C. McGibbon 146
Six Nations No. 2 " " 146
Six Nations No. 3 " " 146
Six Nations No. 4 " " 146
Six Nations No. 5, Haldimand County " 147
Six Nations No. 6, Brant County " 147
Six Nations No. 7 " " 147
Six Nations No. 8 " .......... " 147
Six Nations No. 9. Halidmand County " [] 147
Six Nations No. 10. Brant County " ,', 147
Six Nations No. 11, Haldimand County " ". 147
South Bay, Manitoulin Island Algoma District. . R. J.Lewis 141
Spanish River, Algoma District S. Hagan 149
Industrial, Algoma District. . .. " 149
Stony Point, Lambton County T. Maxwell 144
Sucker Creek, Manitoulin Island, Algoma Dist..R. J. Lewis.. .. 141
T
The.ssalon, Algoma District .S. Hagan.. 17
Tyendinaga Central, Hastings County ;. E. Carnpbell 149
" Eastern " " 149
Mission " " '. 149
Western " <• .. .. •• 149
W
Walpole Island No. 1, Lambton County T. A. MoCallum 150
No. 2 " " 150
West Bay Roman Catholic, Algoma District . . R. J. Lewis 139
Whitefish Lake. Manitoulin Island, Algoma Dist. " 141
Wlkwemikong, Manitoulin Island, Algoma Dist. " 141
IXDEX TO SCHOOLS XXl
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
MANITOBA.
B
„. -r K Carter 152
BerensRiver •• •• •• ■• •• ; ; j; j, g^,,,,. / ; . " 202
Birtle Board.ng ■ ; ; ^- « j J^o J ^^ •. •. \\ \\ W ! .. 214
--- — • •• ■' " ': '• v. ■■ :: :: :: ::^-S:-£irr""^"-.:- •■.■•;; :: :: :: |1
s'°«:!^^''^ :: :; :: :: :: vlS'^;^::::. :.':.:.'.'. :. v. :: 202
Brandon Industrial S. J. Jackson . -11
Brokenhead F. W. R. Colcleugh. . 151
Brokenneaa.. t..,i.-^ Wm.iinP- Tnsnectorate 201
Bunn, John R.
Lake Winnipeg Inspectorate.
Chemawawin.. W.R.Taylor 155
S. J. Jackson ^|"
Crane River " ici
Cross> Lake, Methodist J- Jo"^^;_-„ • • • ; " ] 202
J. R. Bunn.
J. Jones. .
J. R. Bunn .
Homan Catholic J. R- Bunn ,
154
202
203
155
Cumberland (Sask.) W.R.Taylor
S. J. Jackson -^^^
D
Deer Lake T.H.Carter 152
J. R. Bunn ^^^
DogCreek.'.' s' J ^Jackson ' " '.' .' .' Il '.'. '.'■ '■'■ '■'■ '■'■ 207
B
Ebb and Flow A. Ogletree 157
S. J. Jackson ^^^
Elkhorn Industrial "
F
Fairford Improved A. Ogletree 157
Fisher River T. H. Carter 15^
Fort Alexander. J- R- Bunn. . ^"*
Boarding F. W. R. Colcleugh
J. R. Bunn
Grand Rapids T.H.Carter.
J. R. Bunn..
151
204
152
203
H
Hollowater River i'
J. R. Bunn
I
Island Lake • • • J- Jone.«. .
R. Colcleugh 152
204
Jack River J- Jones
j'ackson. S.'J.V I-^i'^e Manitoba Inspectorate
Lake St. Martin A. Ogletree. .
.><. J. Jackson.
Little Saskatchewan A. Ogletree..
.< S. J. Jackson.
Lower Fairford . . ..'.'.'.'.'.' A. Ogletree. .
S. J. Jackson.
154
207
157
20S
157
20S
157
208
xxii DEFlKniEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
MANITOBA — Continued.
Mac or Mc
Maokay Boarding. Pas Reserve W. R. Taylor 154
" " S. J. Jackson 209
M
Moose Lake \V. R. Taylor 155
" S. J. Jackson 211
N
.Nelson House Methodl.-n J. Jones 154
J. R. Bunn 202
North Peguis T. H. Carter 152
North St. Peters ■'. W. R. Colcleugh 151
I. R. Bunn 203
Norway House, Anglican " 203
Mt-thodist " 202
Boarding.. f. Jones 154
I. R. Bunn 201
O
Oak River Jas. McDonald 153
S.J.Jackson 214
Okanase " 21l
Oxford Hou£<e I. Jones 154
JR. Bunn 203
P
Pas.. W.R.Taylor 155
" Boarding (Mackay) " 154
" " .S. J. Jackson 209
Patapun F. W. R. Colcleugh 152
Pine Creek .S. J. Jackson 209
Boarding A. Ogletree 157
Poplar River T. H. Carter 152
J. R. Bunn 202
Portage la Prairie Boarding H. Ogletree 156
S. J. Jackson 213
R
Red Earth (Saak.) VV. R. Taylor. . 15.j
^. J. Jackson 210
Roseau^ Rapids A. Ogletree 156
S. J. Jackson 211
RoseauRiver A. Ogletree 156
S.J.Jackson 211
RosBville J. Jones 154
S
Sandy Bay Boarding A. Ogletree 156
S. J. Jackson 214
Shoal Lake \V. R. Taylor 155
"<. J. Jackson 210
Shoal ^Rlver A. Ogletree 157
S. J. Jackson 209
South Peguis T. H. Carter 152
Swanl^ke A. Ogletree 156
S. J. Jackson'. 211
U
UpperFairford A. Ogletree 157
■<■ J. Jackson 207
Upper Fort Alexander F. W. R. Colcleugh 151
W
Waterhen A. Ogletree 157
S. J. Jackson 20S
SASKATCHEWAN.
A
-Vhtahkakoop's .S. A. Milligan 161
.\39inibome T. B. Donnelly 158
W. M. Graham 218
lyOHX 7V> sCHOitt.s
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
SASKATCHEWAN — Cotivluded.
B
Big River
A. Milliga
C
Cold Lake W-^'^^'''" ■ Ifi'.
Cowessess Boarding E Taylor }6.
VV. M. Graham -i^
Cote Improved.. ..■.■.'.■.■.'. ..' ^I- Christianson
Crowstand Boarding:
Cumberland W. R Taylor
4< S. J. Jackson
163
16.-.
I.tT.
Dayetar's
Duck Lake Boarding.'.' <-"■ P- Schmidt
P
File Hills Boarding.
D
. .W. Murison 1'^'
W. M. Graham 219
If,:;
\V. il. Graham - ' '
23:1
Ex-Pupil Colony . ,
Frog Lake W. Sibbald l"'
G
Gordon's Boarding W- ^I"';!^^" !,?!
W. M. Graham -i'
i-nhim W M .South Saskatchewan Inspectorate 217
Uraham. W. M... .. .. .. .. File Hills Bx-Pupil Colony 233
J
James Smith's. North C.P.Schmidt ICjl
South ;; }^;;
John Smith's
K
Keeseekoonse ^I- Christianson l •• ■
Key's.. " •
ie>:
I^ittlepine t^.^:^}^''''
I.K)ng Lake
SI
Meadow Lake J- A. Rowland
Mietawasis S. A.^ MiUigan,
Montreal Lake
Moose Mountain ...T.Cory.. . .
Moosomin I. A. Rowland
Muscowekwan's Boarding W. Murison
l.-.s
W. Sibbald ^''^
lj;»
160
....;'. 161
161
159
166
\V. M. Graham 220
O
Onion Lake Anglican ^V. Sibbald. . .
" " Boarding " ...
Roman Catholic " .. .
P
I'oundmaker f- A. Rowland.
Q
Qu'Appelle Industrial W. M. Graham .
R
161
161
161
150
^'t^-'" .:■.;■..■;.■:.•;/;. v, :T^jl!££n:: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: 5;;
Red Pheasant and Sto.ay J.A.Rowland J5.^
Round Lake Boarding. . . ••'• Taylor. ^ -
\V. M. Graham - "
S
^•i.rgeon Lake S. A. Milligan 1""
T
Thuuderchild Boarding J.A.Rowland '
V
Valley River M. Christianson 165
xxiv DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
ALBERTA.
B
Blood Anglican Boarding W.J. Dilworth Igg
" " " J. A. Maikle 216
" Roman Catholic Boarding W. J. Dilworth 16g
J. A. Markle 214
Blue Quill's Boarding Chas. E. Hughes .. 172
" " J. A. Markle 214
C
Crowfoot Boarding J. H. Gooderham 168
J. A. Markle 215
E
Ermine.«kin"s Boarding J. Butlin 170
'• . . J. A. Maikle 214
F
Fort Chipewyan Boarding G. Card 176
H. A. Conroy 177
Port Norman " T.W.Harris 175
Fort Providence " *' 175
H. A. Conroy 178
Fort Resolution '* G. Card 176
H. A. Conroy 178
Fort Simpson T. W. Harris 175
Fort Smith G. Card 176
G
Goodflsh Lake . . . Chas. E. Hughes 172
J. A. Markle 216
H
Hay River Boarding G. Card 176
H. A. Conroy 178
L.
Lep.-^er vSlave Lake Anglican Boai'ding H. Laird. 174
Roman Catholic Boarding. " 174
M
Markle, J. A Alberta Inspectorate 214
O
Old Sun's Boarding .1. H. Gooderham 167
J. A. Markle 216
P
Peigan Anglican Boarding H. A. Gunn 171
J. A. Markle 216
Roman Catholic Boarding H. A. Gunn 171
J. A. Markle 215
R
Red Deer Industrial J. A. Markle 216
St
St. Albert Boarding G. H. Race 169
J. A. Markle 215
St. Bruno'.« " H. Laird. . I73
St. Joseph's Industrial J. A. Markle 215
S
Saddle Lake Chas. E. Hughes 172
J. A. Markle 217
Samson'.s' J. Butlin 170
J. A. Markle 216
Barcee Boarding T. A. Fleetham 171
J. A. Markle 216
Sturgeon Lake Boarding ..H. Laird.. 174
V
Vermilion Boarding H. Laird.. I74
W
Wabiskaw Anglican (St. John's) Boarding. .. H. Laird I74
Roman Catholic (St. Martin's) Bdg. " I74
Whiteflsh Lake Chas. E. Hughes '.' .' " " ." ." ' ' 172
Boarding H. Laird 174
IXDEX TO SCHOOLS xxv
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
A
Ahousaht Boarding W. E. Ditchburn 22S
Aiyansh C. C. Perry 188
A. M. Tyson 231
Alberni Boarding W. E. Ditchburn 227
Alert Bav R. L. T. Galbraith 185
" W. E. Ditchburn 225
Girls' Home R. L. T. Galbraith 185
W. E. pitchburn 225
Industrial R. L. T. Galbraith 185
W. E. Ditchburn 224
All Hallows Boarding H. Graham 186
A. Megrau- 221
Andimaul R. E. Loring 179
.. _ A. M. T>son 231.
B
Bella Bella I. Fougner 181
A. M. Tyson 229
Bella Coola I- Fougner 181
A. M. Tyson 229
Boothrovd H Graham.. 187
•• ' A. Megraw 221
C
Cairns. Rev. R. H Insipector of Schools. 234
Cape Mudge R. L. T. Galbraith 185
W. E. Ditchburn 225
China Hat I. Fougner 181
A. M. Tyson 229
Clayoquot W. E. Ditchburn 228
Industrial " 228
Coqualeetza Institute Peter BjTne .. .. 189
W. E. Ditchburn 225
D
Ditchburn, W. E .Southwestern Inspectorate 223
F
Fort Babine R. E. Loring ISO
A. M. T>son 232
G
Gitlakamiks C. C. Perry 189
A. M. Tyson 231
Gitwangah R. E. Loring 179
Glen Vowell " ISO
-. A. M. Tyson 231
Gwinoha C. C. Perry 188
A. M. Tyson 231
H
Hartley Bay I. Fougner ISl
A. M. Tyson 229
Hazelton R. E. Loring 179
A. M. Tyson 231
Homalco Peter Byrne. . 191
W. E. Ditchburn 227
K
Kamloops Industrial J.F.Smith.. 183
A. Megraw 220
Katzie Peter Byrne 191
W. E. Ditchburn 227
Kincolith C. C. Perry 188
A. M. Tyson .' 230
Klsgegas.. R. E. Loring '.. 180
A. M. Tyson 232
Kispiox R. E. Loring ISO
A. M. Tjson. 231
Kitimat I. Fougner 181
Boarding. " 181
Girls' Boarding A. M. Tyson 229
Kitkatla -.1. Fougner 181
A. M. Tyson 229
Kitsegukla . . R. E. Loring 179
DEI'ARTIIEM' Of IXDIA.S AFFAIfi.-^
BRITISH COLUMBIA — Continued.
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
K — Con.
. . . A. :vl. Tyson 232
23i
Kitsegukla
Kltselas
Kituangah ■ • See " Gitwangah 179
See " Kitisangar ' . . . 231
Koksilah.." '.."..'! W. R. Robertson 182
W. K. Ditchburn 224
Kootenay 'industrial R. L. T. Galbraith 184.
A. Megraw 222
Kiiper Island Inrliistrial W. R. Robertson
W. K. Ditchburn 223
L
Lakkalzap C.C.Perry 188
A.M.Tyson 230
Ly iton H. Graham 186
•• A .Megraw 221
" Industrial H. Graham 186
A. Megraw 220
M
Ma£«ett Thos. Deasy 192
A. M. Tyson 232
Meanskinisht R. E. Loring 179
A. M. Tyson . / 231
220
187
Megraw, A ..Southeastern Inspectorate.
Metlakatla C.C.Perry
A. M. Tyson 230
Nanaimo ^V. R. Robertson 182
W. E. Ditchburn 223
New Town (Kitselas) R. E. Loring I'i'fl
O
Osoyoos I- I'-- Brown 192
P
Port Bssington C. C. Perry 1S7
A. M. Tyson 230
Port Simpson C. C. Perry ISS
A. M. Tyson 230
Girls' Boarding C.C.Perry 18"
A. M. TysK)n 230
Quamichan \V. R. Robertson.
R
Rocher Deboule R. E. Loring.
182
W. 10. Ditchburn 224
St. Mary's Mission Boarding Peter Byrne 190
W. E. Ditchburn 226
S
Sechelt Boarding Peter Byrne 190
W. E. Ditchburn 226
Shulus. . . . . , J. F. Smith .184
" A. Megraw 220
Simpson, W. S stikine 193
Skidegate Thos. Deasy 192
. A. M. Tyson 232
Skwah Peter Byrne 191
" VV. E. Ditchburn 227
Sliammon " 227
Peter Byrne 191
Songhees W. E. Ditchburn 224
W. R. Robertson 182
Squamlsh Mis.'^ion Boarding Peter Byrne. 190
W. E. Ditchburn 226
Stuart Lake W. J. McAIlan 193
A. jMegraw 222
lynrx m schools xxvii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
BRITISH rn\A-yiBl\— Concluded.
r
Tahltan W.S.Simpson 19:5
AM. Tyson 23«
Telegraph Creek , \V. S. Simpson 19S
.\ M. Tyson 230
Tsartlip W.R.Robertson 182
Tsawwaa.seii . - I'eter Byrne 191
Tyson. A. M Northern Inspectorate 22?
U
Ucluelet W. E. Ditchhurn 221
W
West Saanich . W. E. Ditchburn 221
Williams Lake ln(lu.>itrial J. Ogden 194
.\. Megraw 221
VlK-dX TERRITORY.
Carcross Boarding I >hii Hawksley
Champagne Landing
F
Forty Mile ;..hn H;t\vks>ley 19S
L
Little Salmon .John Hawksley 193
M
Moosehide Jjhn Hawksley lOH
R
Rampart Hou.-;e I. ihn Hawksley 19ti
T
Teslin Lake. John Hawksley 19.>
W
Whitehorse John Hawk.-^Iey i:t5
7 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1917
REPORT
(.1- THE
DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 1916.
Ottawa, September 30, 1916.
Honourable W. J. Roche, M.D., M.R.C.P., LL.D.,
Superintendent General of Indian Affairs,
Ottawa.
Sir,— I have the honour to submit the report of the Department of Indian Affairs
for the year ended March 31, 1916.
I am pleased to report a general improvement in the condition of the Indians as
compared with the preceding year. The agricultural Indians shared in the general
prosperity, and the hunting Indians received a better price for their furs, the fur
trade having recovered from the depression that followed the beginning of the war
and the hunt being successful.
The advance in agriculture is shown by the fact that the increase in land under
crop is 8,459 acres, and the increased yield was 709,324 bushels. The increase in
value of all agricultural produce was $432,888.
POPULATION.
The following table shows the Indian population by provinces. It will be noted
that there is a considerable increase since last year.
While the increase shown arises to some extent from the difficulties which surround
an accurate enumeration of the Indian population, it may be confidently stated that
the aborigines are slowly increasing.
Alberta
British Columbia. . . .
Manitoba
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Ontario
Prince Edward Island.
Quebec
Saskatche-wan
Northwest Territories.
Yukon
Populati
on.
1915.
1916.
8.500
8.682
25,399
25.737
10,79S
11,935
1.862
1.874
2.042
2,119.
26.162
26.305
288
302
13.1T4
13,348
9.77.5
9.962
4.003
3.769
1.528
1,528
Total Indian population.
Eskimos .
103.531 105,561
3.447 3,296
Total number of Indians and Eskimos .... 106,978 108,8;:
DEPARTMEyr OF IX D I AX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
There is nothing of importance to report under this heading; there have been no
serious epidemics and the health of the Indians has on the whole been good during the
past year.
The department continues to follow the policies that I have outlined in my last
report. Great effort is being made to introduce more sanitary conditions in the Indian
dwellings, and at the schools special attention is given to hygienic and prophylactic
instruction
The work carried on by our medical officers has met with satisfactory results, and
a steady improvement is being made from year to year in all matters pertaining to
health and sanitation.
As I stated in my last report, it has been the policy of the department to replace
the old boarding and industrial school buildings by modern structures with the latest
sanitary improvements, and to erect any new buildings that may be required at the
agencies, such as dwelling-houses, stables, storehouses and so forth. During the past
year, however, the department has had a more limited appropriation at its disposal,
and in consequence new building operations have not been undertaken to any extent.
Combined day schools and teacher's residences were erected at Manitou Rapids
iind Kaboni Settlement on the uneeded portion of Manitoulin island; the latter is
situated in the centre of a good agricultural district, and there is every indication
that it will be a successful school. At Garden River a warehouse and root-house
were built, and repairs were made to the council-house. A new stable was built at
the Carcross school, in the Yukon Territory, and a root-house at Old Sun's boarding
school. A temporary laundry was built at the Gordon's boarding school, and repairs
were made to the school building.
At the Edmonton agency 20 dwelling-houses for the younger members of the
Enoch's band are under construction.
The Cross Lake Roman Catholic boarding school, a stone building accommodating
60 pupils, and a new overseer's house at the Valley River reserve, were completed this
year.
Additions and alterations were made to the Scotch Settlement day school, and an
addition to the Glen Vowell day school.
The erection of a combined day .school and teacher's residence at Sheshegwaning
is being contemplated.
Various improvements were made to tho sites of the Kuper Island and Kootenay
industrial schools in British Columbia,
Alterations were made to the teacher's residence at Alderville. and alterations and
repairs to the Walpole Island agency building.
New heating systems have been installed at the Elkhom and Brandon industrial
schools, and also, at the latter institution, a new drainage system and a septic tank
at the principal's residence; a new water-supply system has been installed at the Bella
Coola agency.
i?f:roRT or tiii: dki'iiy srrKinxTKxnHxr <:i:\i:uai. xxxi
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Repairs have been made to All Saints' church and rectory at Tyendinaga, the
Chapleau boarding school, the teacher's residence at Middle River, N.B., and the
Lorette day school.
Repairs to the school buililiiifi ;ind an addition to the barn have l)e<'n made at the
S«rcee boarding- school.
.\GRICL1LTURE.
The department is making a great eflfort to arouse among the Indians a more
BOtire interest in agricultural pursuits and to convince them of the increased prospect
of progress, profit, and general well-being that would result from the proper cultiva-
tion of their lands.
The system of agricultural instruction, that was initiati^l last vt-ar in Ontario,
by the appohitment of a departmental field agent to supervise the laying out of
gardens at the Indian schools, has now successfully passed the experimental stage.
It has become evident that one man could not give sufficient attention to all the
reserves in Ontario, and it was in consequence, this year, arranged to have Mr. I. F.
Metcalfe, district representative of the Ontario Agricultural Dopartmeent, visit (ion-
Bay, Manitowaning, and Sault Ste. Marie agencies; while Mr. R. II. Abraham, a
graduate of the Ontario Agricultural College, was reappointed to supervise the work
on the other Ontario reserves, ^fr. Abraham reports that a great interest is evinced
in this work both by teachers and pupils at all the schools. School fairs were held
at a number of places last fall, and the children had some excellent exhibits of garden
produce. The department co-oiwrated in the fairs by the donation of prizes. A larger
number of these school fairs will be held this fall.
In addition to the work of the schools, the department is endeavouring to create
an interest in agriculture among the older Indians by holding standing crop compe-
titions on a number of the reserves. These crop competitions will be held on the
Deseronto, Caradoc, Walpole Island, Moraviantown, Wikwemikong, West Bay, and
Sheshegwaning reserves. The department has offered four prizes for the best crops
on each reserve. The competitions will be supervised and judged by the department's
field agents, Mr. Metcalfe and Mr. Abraham. The seed provided for these competitions
is of the best quality. At Walpole's Island each Indian will be given one-half bushel
of pure North Dakota White Flint, enough to plant two acres. A garden and r>otlt r
home contest was held at the Rama reserve.
Instruction and advice is given to the Indian farmers with regard to the construc-
tion of open ditches and tiled drains where these are necessary, and helpful sugges-
tions are made to them enconragir.g the proper short crops tn grow, tlie time to plant,
and so forth.
Although particular attention has been paid at present to Ontario, the depart-
ment is not neglecting other provinces. The cultivation of school gardens is being
encouraged wherever it is practicable, and the report shows that at many of the
schools, both in the east and the west, the teachers and children are evidencing an
encouraging and constantly increasing activity in this work.
xxxii DEPARTMEXT OF IXDTAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
The following table shows a very marked and gratifying increase in the value
of agricultural products, in the acreage under crop, and the number of bushels har-
t-ested; the increase is particularly noticeable in the prairie provinces, where the
Indians have fully availed themselves of the opportunities afforded by the splendid
crop.
Province.
Population.
Land under
crop.
Grain and
Roots.
Hay.
Value.
AlbprU
8,682
25,737
11,935
1,874
2,119
26,305
302
13,348
9,962
Acres.
13,010i
11,727
7,333
209
269
17,122
60
4,605
19,380
Bushels.
427,347
.566,555
147,085
5,663
7,848
521,148
1,186
110,885
562,165
Tons.
20,112
24,292
11,920
167
890
34,416
87
3,348
36,573
S cts.
301,711
6.55,490
162,451
New Brtinswick
6,482
18,990
603,918
1,425
Quebec
Saskiitchewan
146,678
349,362
Total. 1916
100,264*
98,000
73,716
65,256|
2,349,882
1,640,558
131,805
132,355
2. 246, .507
Total, 1915
1,813,619
Increase
2,264
8,459i
709,324
432.888
Decrease
550
* Not including 5,297 Indians in the Yukon and Northwest Territories.
RE.\L A\D PERSONAL PROPERTY.
Tlie following table shows the value of land in the Indian reserves by provinces ;
Alberta $12,646,537
British Columbia 13,494,015
Manitoba 2,303,690
New Brunswick T 1,200
Nova Scotia 86,665
Ontario 4,827,957
Prince Edward Island 20,214
Quebec 1,318,210
Saskatchewan 10,587.557
Total $45,356,045
As compared with 1915, there is a reduction of one million four hundred thousand
dollars; this reduction has been made in the estimated value of reserves in British
Columbia. Last year the Eoyal Commission on Indian Affairs for the Province of
British Columbia caused a careful valuation to be made of all the reserves, and the
result is this year incorporated in the general statement.
REPORT OF THE DEPUTY SUPERIXTEXDEyT GEyERAL
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Tlie following table show's the value pei
pruptTiy : —
I'ro\ iiuc.
Population.
Total value of
Real and Personal
Pi-operty.
Value per Capita
of
PioiMjrty.
Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
New Biunswick
Nova Scotia . . . .
8,GS2
27,737
11,9:^5
1,874
2,ll!i
14,370.485
17.(i(;ti,l78
.".loi,1(!l
L'-_'0,.S.")(i
•>A-A <l'>v
1,655.20
680.41
259.80
118.60
110 31
Ontario
2tj,i)0.j 1 ,S ; 17 !).")(!
:vs\,42
147 17
200.76
1,234.82
302
13,348
9,%2
44,434
2.751^,780
12,321,323
Qtieln-c
Saskatchewan
Total
100, 2G4*
59,430,089
593.79 •
* Not including 5.1:97 Indians in ■S'ukun and Xorth\\f#t Tirrit
SOLIJCKS .\ND \AI,l K OF I.XCO.ME.
A table showing the sources and vhlue of the income of the Indians given on
page 114, may be .-iunimarized as follows: —
Value of farm products, including hay $2,246,507 00
Value of beef sold, also of that used for food 307,779 ito
Wages earned 1,530,373 00
Received from land rentals and from timber 117.126 00
Earned by fishing 665.52S00
Earned by hunting and trapping 790,886 00
Earned by other industries and occupations 593,298 00
Annuities paid, and interest on Indian Trust funds 450,496 41
Total income of Indians $6,691,993 41
The above table discloses a very marked increase in the value of farm products,
which may be ascribed in part to the good crop and in part to the added interest and
activity in agricultural pursuits that is being evinced by the Indians on many of the
reserves. There is a considerable increase since last year in the income derived from
hunting, owing to the partial recovery of the fur market.
The diminishing hunts and the low price of raw furs entailed particularly severe
hardship among the Indians of the ]!vorth Shore and the gulf of St. Lawrence. Traders,
who previously made advances to Indians to enable them to reach their hunting
grounds, have discontinued to do so, and in consequence it has been necessary for the
department to give the required assistance. With a view, to enabling these Indians
to better provid*^ for themselves, especially in summer, the department has endeavoured
to establish them in the cod-fishing industry at points where it appears practical.
A satisfactory start was made last season, and greater and better results are antici-
pated in 1910.
The total income of the Indians shows an increase of over three-quarters of a
million dollars.
27-
Xixiv DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
The following table shows the per capita income of the Indians. It is gratifying
to note that there is an average per capita increase of $6.26; the most notable indi-
vidual provincial increase is that of $17.36 in the province of Alberta. .
Province.
Population.
Total Income
of
Indians.
Per Capita
Income
of Indians.
8,682
25,737
11,935
1,874
2.119
26,305
302
13,348
9,962
653,677 72
1,733,137.69
751,143.59
82,236.85
125,088 43
1,966,903.49
11, 125 00
570,305.49
795,375.15
75.29
British Columbia -,
Manitoba....
New Brunswick
Nov.-v Scotia
67.34
62 10
43.88
59.03
74.77
Prince Edward I.sland
37.17
42.73
Saskatchewan
79-84
Total
100,264*
6,691,993.41
66-74
Not including 5,297 Indians in Yukon and Xorthwe.st Territories.
EDUCATION.
The report of the Superintendent of Indian Education and the report of the
inspectors of schools and agencies, and the tabular statements, contain full informa-
tion on the subject of Indian education.
There were in operation daring the year 269 day, 59 boarding, and 17 industrial
schools, a total of 345. As compared with the previous year, this is an increase of 12
day schools, and a decrease of one in each of the boarding and industrial school
classes. The increase in the day schools is mainly due to a number of summer
schools of this class being opened in remote districts for the summer months only,
and also to returns having been received from -white schools where Indian children are
allowed to attend, and for which the department pays a tuition grant.
Several day schools were closed during the year, owing to lack of attendance and
inability to secure a teacher; while on the other hand several were re-opened.
The above changes will account for the increase of 12 schools in this class.
In the boarding school class, the Port Simpson Boys' Home was closed during
the previous fiscal year, and the name of this school does not appear in the sched-ule of
the school statement for this fiscal year. The Crowstand boarding school was closed
on November 30, 1915; but, as it was in operation during part of the fiscal year, it
is included in the statement.
The Battleford industrial school, which was included in the tabular statement
of last year, has been discontinued in the statement for the present year, as this school
was closed during the former fiscal year.
The total enrolment for the year was 12,799 pupils, namely, 6,528 boys and 6,271
girls. This, as compared with the previous year, shows an increase of 331 pupils — 161
boys and 170 girls. There was an enrolment of 8,138 in the day schools, 2,854 in the
boarding schools, and 1,807 in the industrial schools. The average attendance of
REPORT OF THE DEPUTY SUPERiyTEyDENT GENERAL
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
pupils enrolled was 8,070, being a decrease of 641 as compared with that of the pre-
vious year. The percentage of attendance of pupils enrolled during the year was
G3-05.
In addition to the above, about 120 Indian children, the greater number of whom
are orphans, are being cared for and educated in various institutions throughout the
Dominion.
The schools in operation during the year were conducted under the following
auspices: — ■ «
Undenominational. 51 day and 2 industrial; Roman Catholic, 93 day, 32 boarding
:;nd S industrial; Anglican, 77 day, 16 boarding and 3 industrial; Methodist, 41 day,
3 boarding and 4 industrial; Presbyterian, 5 day and 8 boarding; Salvation Army,
2 day schools.
The total expenditure on Indian education during the past fiscal year from the
aovernment appropriations, amounted to $911,377.89.
The Indian schools in Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island
are inspected semi-annually by the provincial, separate, and public school inspectors
under arrangements with the department of education in each province. In New
Brunswick and British Columbia the Indian schools are inspected by officials
appointed by the department. In ^Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and the North-
west Territories the schools are inspected by the inspectors of the different Indian
agencies; regular visits are made, and reports submitted to the department. In
addition to this inspection, almost all the schools are under the direct supervision of
the different Indian agents, who are required to make monthly inspections and reports.
Qualified teachers with professional training are engaged whenever it is possible
to obtain them, and in the older settled iwrtions of the different provinces the greater
number of the teachers are so qualified. In the schools situated in the more remote
reserves it is difficult to secure teachers with certificates. Many of our teachers who
have not professional qualifications have, however, long experience nnd are meeting
with a great measure of success in Indian school work.
During the last fiscal year 21 girls nnd 34 boy ex-pupils were assisted to the
extent of $4,908.11. Ex-pupils have refunded on loans during the past fiscal year
$1,348.07.
In addition to the above expenditure, the ex-pupils of the File Ilills^ Colony were
assisted to purchase seed-grain to the amount of $2,663.74. This assistance was given
on account of the severe losses these ex-pupils suffered through having their crops
hailed out during the summer of 1915. This aid will be refunded by these ex-pupils
from the proceeds of their crops.
A laudable and gratifying spirit of loyalty has been evinced by the Indians
throughout the Dominion; their contributions to the various war funds have been
most liberal, and they have signified their intention of continuing to offer them so
long as the war may last. Many Indians have enlisted, and recently a signally .success-
ful recruiting campaign has been conducted on the reserves in Ontario; nearly one-
xxxvi DEPAFTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
half of tlie total strongtli of the 14th Battalion, Haldimaucl Rifles, has heen jeeruited
from the Indian resen^es in eastern Ontario. There are 65 Indian members of the
52nd, poinilarly known as the Bull Moose Battalion. The Bruce Battalion has 65
Indians fn.m the Capu Croker reserve, where the total male population between the
ages of 21 and 05 is only 108. Eighty Indians were recruited from the remote regions
of the Hudson's Bay district.
In all about 1.200 Indians have enlisted. They are distributed by provinces as
follows: Ontario, 8(52; Quebec, 101; Manitoba, 89; Saskatchewan, 57; Prince Edward
Island, 24; British Columbia, 17; Nova Scotia, 14; New Brunswick, 12; Alberta, 9;
Yukon. 2; total, 1.187. Of this number eig:ht are commissioned officers,— C«pt. George
Smith, 4th Batt.; ('apt. Ormond Picard, 12th Batt; Capt. Charles Smith, 114th Bat^.;
Lieut. Canicrou 1). Brant, 4th Batt. (killed at Ypres) ; Lieuts. Milton Martin, James
D. Mosos. John R. Steacey, and C. A. Cooke, 114th Batt.
A notable demonstration of the traditional loyalty of a distinguished Indian
family was the death in action at Langemarck of Lieut. Cameron D. Brant, who was
the first man from Brant county to be killed at the front. The late Lieut. Brant was
a great-great-grandson of the famous Capt. Jos. Brant who rendered such vahiable
service to the British cause in 1776. Two other lineal descendants of this great
chieftain. Corporal Albert W. L. Crain, 4th Battalion, 1st Brigade, and Pte. Nathan
Monture, were severely injured at Ypres.
Pte. Belnnger, an Indian, of the 52nd Battalion, has received the Military Medal
for bravery; his brother was severely wounded.
Pte. W. F. Lickers, a Six Nation Indian who went overseas with the 48th High-
landers, is now a prisoner in Gottingen Camp, Germany. Pte. Alex. Moore, of the
2Sth Batt.. a iiei.lunv of iho chief of tho N(^vwav Honse band, is also a prisoner in
Germany.
The Indian- uiio lunc iiuiw cu ilu- fnait have displayed qualities of courage,
endurance and intelligence that have placed them among the most valuable members
of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. They excel as sharpshooters, and some of them
have excellent records in this branch of the service.
The Indian Avoraen have also given evidence of patriotism in a manner that
reflects greatly to their credit; they knit socks and mufflers, and supply various com-
forts for the soldiers and take an active part in Red Cross activities.
The following contributions have been made by the Indians to the Patriotic, Red
Cross, Belgian Relief and other war funds since my last report: —
Ontario: — (
Tlie Dokis Tnrlians $1,000 00
Nipissing Indians 500 00
riiipnmvas of Walpolc Island 100 00
Henvey Inlft Band 100 00
Pottawattamie Band, Walpolc Island 25 00
Alnwick Tndian.s 100 00
Six Nations to the Women's Patriotic League 50 00
Mlssissaguas of the Credit to the funds of the 114th Battalion. ... 200 00
Manitoba : —
The Sioux Indian.? of Oak River, a further contribution 51 00
502
10
.000
00
20
so
100
00
25
70
100
00
ir.«
20
REPORT OF THE DEPUTY SVPERiyTENDEXT GEXERAL
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Saskatchewan ; —
The Indians of File Hills Colon
\Vhite Bear Band
Councillor Saulteaux, Carry-the-Kelt!c [^aiid, AssiMil.o ri.> n sr
a further contribution of
Beardy and Okemassis Bands. Duck Lake agency
Indian Bands in the Onion Lake agency
James Smith's Band, Duck I^iike agency
Stouv, Rod Plicasint. Moosomin and other Indians.. ..
Whitefish Laki-. IndKins and wiiiles 1 :, im
Knoch's Band, further contribution of 200 00
Stony Indians to the Cochrane Patriotic Fund 50 00
wood to the Patriotic Fund 39 00
*' and to the Associated Charities in Calgary 4S 75
Blackfoot Indians to the Gleichen Patriotic Fund 207 00
British Columbia: —
Stuart Lake Indians 2 I mi
Metlakatla Indians to the Prince Rupert Red Cross 1,000 00
Stuart Lake Indians to local Patriotic Fund 278 00
In addition to the foregoing?, the following amounts were otfered. The depart-
ment was unable to accept them, as the bands in question euukl not aiford tin- e.xpendi-
turc: —
Chipjiewas oi the Thames. Caia loc .s:jim» mii
Bay of Quintg, Mohawk 100 00
Obidgewong 200 00
Rice Lake 100 00
ROYAL C0:MMISSI0X ox INDIAN AFFAIES TOR THE rROVlN'CE OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
The conimi.ssion closed its labours on June 30, and disbanded. The printed report
containing maps and illustrations is now being completed and will in due course be
placed before the interested governments.
SURVEYS.
The following are the surveys made during the fiscal year ended ^larch 31. 1916:
Prince Edward Island. — A disputed limit on the nurtlieast boundary of the Morel!
reserve wa^ re-established by survey.
Quebec. — The limits of the Restigouche reserve were re-traced, as they had become
practically obliterated.
In connection with the claim for damage to an Indian house on the Lorette
reserve, a survey was made to define the limit at that point of the right of way for
the water-supply of the city of Quebec.
xxxviii DEPARTMENT OF ISWIA^ AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Ontario. — An examination and report was made in connection with an applica-
tion to purchase Myers island, in the Trent river, township of Murray.
The unsold islands in lake Couehiching were surveyed and valued. Chiefs
island, in the same lake, was subdivided into small lots and valued for sale for camping
purposes.
Wild Lands, Paskoukin, The Bishop, Little Forks, and Lrong Sault reserves Nos.
1 and 2, in the Rainy river district, having been surrendered for sale, were sub-
divided and valued for that purpose.
The Manitou Eapids reserve. Rainy River district, has been subdivided into lots
fur Indian occupation.
The limits of certain grazing lots, the property of the band in the Tyendinaga
reserve, were defined on the ground, and a plan prepared showing them.
At the especial request of the band, all the lots in the West Bay reserve, whose
limits have become very much obliterated, were re-traced and posted.
Saskatchewan. — The Big Head reserve, No. 124, situated at Lac des Isles, was
located and surveyed, under the provisions of Treaty No. 6, for the Cree band, of whom
B'g Head is the chief.
The Makwa Lak6 reserves, Nos. ,129 and 129A, were located and surveyed under
the provisions of Treaty No. 6 for the Cree band residing there.
The north boundary was surveyed of the Cold Lake reserve, No, MOB, which was
received in exchange for the portions surrendered of the Cold Lake reserve No. 149.
On account of certain discrepancies in the original survey of the Kylemore town-
site in the Fishing Lake reserve No. 89, a re-survey was necessary.
Alberta. — A tract in the Blood reserve containing about twenty square miles was
subdivided for Indian occupation.
Reserves No. 173 and 173A, situated in townships 102 and 103, range 9, and
township 104, range 10, west of the fifth meridian, were surveyed under the provisions
of Treaty No. 8 for the Tall Cree band.
The Fort McKay reserve. No. 174, Namur River reserve, No. 174A, and Namur
Lake reserve. No. 174B, were. located and surveyed under the provisions of Treaty
No. 8 for the Chipewyan band of Fort McKay.
The Clearwater River reserve, No. 175, and Gregoire Lake reserves, Nos. 176,
17GA, and 176B, were located and surveyed under the provisions of Treaty No. 8 for
the Cree Indians of the locality,
British Columhia. — A part of the Industrial School reserve at Alert Bay, Cor-
morant Island, has been subdivided into village lots for Indian occupation.
A serious discrepancy having been discovered between the limits of an adjacent
lot and the Musqueam reserve No. 2, the limits of the reserve, which were very much
obliterated, were re-traced.
Yukon. — A small reserve for the resident Indians has been surveyed at the Six
Mile river between lakes Tagish and Marsh.
A small reserve, containing three hundred and twenty acres, near Whitehorse on
the west bank of the Fifty Mile river, has been surveyed for the Indians of the
locality.
REPORT OF THE DEPUTY SLPERiyTENDENT GENERAL xxxix
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
' LANDS.
Sales made of ^u.iciiuLicu surveyed lauds are shown on the tabular stateiueut
oil page 100, Part I, and during the past year 29,347-50 acres were sold, realiziu-
.Slit;.;, 41.16. ^
During the year 212 ,Crown grants were issued and recorded under the provisions
ui the Indian Act, and forwarded either direct to the patentees or to tl/e different
registrars of titles for the district in which the lands were situate, in accordance
with the Land Titles Act.
Eeturns of Crown grants to the number of 32 were prepared and forwarded to
the registrars of the counties and districts in which the lands patented were situate,
and four returns were made to the Provincial Secretary of Ontario, covering lands
patented within that province.
The Indians of the Kainy Kiver district having surrendered the Wild Lands
reserve, the Hungry Hall reserve, the Long Sault reserve and the Little Forks reserve,
to be sold for their benefit; these were duly subdivided into lots and advertised for
sale by public auction in May, 1916. ,
A number of sales of lots that were made many years ago, in the township of
Bedford, in the county of Hastings, were cancelled, and the lands examined and
valued, and disposition made of a number of them to parties who were resident
thereon.
LOCATIOX TICKETS.
Location tickets granting title under the provisions of the Indian Act to indi-
vidual owners, for lands on the reserve, were issued during the past year to the number
of 136, and on March 31, last, there were current 1,948 location tickets.
A new subdivision survey of the Golden Lake reserve, in the county of Eenfrew,
having been made, the old location tickets held by the Indians which were issued in
1SS8, were called in, and new location tickets issued to the Indians in accordance
with the new survey.
LEASES,
Under the provisions of section 11 of the Regulations for the Disposal of Indian
Lands, leases were issued, in triplicate, to white men at the request of Indian locatees
to the number of 123, and on March 31, last, there were 1,245 leases current.
The regulations adopted in connection with the issue of leases requiring that
applications should be passed on by the band^and tenders called for by the local agents
seem to give very satisfactory results.
TIMBER.
The number of timber licenses current at the end of the fiscal year was 23, being
9 less than the previous year, two having been cancelled by the department for contra-
vention of the regulations, eight having reverted to the department by consent of the
licensees, whilst a new license was issued covering the spruce and balsam timber on
the Weymontachi reserve.
xl DEPARTMEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
This report covers the lumbering openiiiuiis i'ur the season 1914-15, as the timber
returns for the season of 1915-16 are not available nntil the end of the year.
The total amount of timber cut on Indian reserves for sale was considerably less
tiian the quantity cut during the previous season of 1913-14, owing to the trade
depression, resultant from the outbreak of the war.
The exact quantities of different material cut for sale were as follows: —
Lumber of various kinds 3,195,198 ft. B. M.
Boom timber of various kinds •• 21,772 cu. ft.
Ties of various kinds (>Jo.) 86,839
Pulpwood (spruce and fii) (cds.) 19,516
Cordwood of various kinds (cds.) 1,077
I'osLs (cedar) (^'o) 25,075
Shingle bolts (Cds.) 70
This material had, a stumpage value of approximately $150,000, a certain proportion of
which, amounting to the sum of $50,545.20, being credited as dues paid in cash to the
trust funds of the interested reserves.
Statistics are not available to show accurately what quantity of timber was cut
on reserves by the Indians for their own domestic use, but it is not improbable that
the amount would approximate 5,000,000 feet b.m. of lumber of various kinds for
building purposes, and 30,000 cords of firewood, besides other material cut for the
native manufacture of axe-handles, snowshoc bows, and baskets.
The total receipts from the sale of timber on Indian reserves during the same
period were: —
Bonus from sale of timber, Weymontachi $20,000 00
Bonus from sale of burnt timber, Shawanaga. . 3,000 00
Dues on timber cut under license 46,113 48
Dues on timber cut under permit 3,713 49
Trespass dues .' 395 99
Penalty dues . 322 24
i^icense fees 104 00
(Jround rents 1,227 00
T„u.l ?74,876 20
Prompt action in regard to the prosecution of trespassers on reserves, and the
infliction of fines for cutting undersized timber, has resulted in an appreciable abate-
ment of these two evils.
Estimates of timber and reports on land, respecting twenty reserves in the eastern
provinces, have been prepared during the last two seasons, the statistical data thus
obtained being placed on record for future reference, and it is anticipated that this
work of computing the timber and land resources of the various reserves -^ill be of
great value and assistance in the administration of the same.
The Indians of Manitoulin Island (unceded). Christian Island, West Bay, Garden
Uiver, Bcrsimis and other reserves take out timber annually for sale under contract,
and, where necessary, assistance is afforded them by the department to market the
product of their labour.
Cash advances to the extent of $800 were made by the department to the Indians
of the Bersimis reserve to enable them to purchase supplies whilst engaged in cutting
pulpwood.
REPORT OF TEE DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT GENERAL xli
-SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Successful representations were made to the Governor in Council asking that the
" Manufacturing Conditions " clause, which prohibits the export of pulp or boxwood
from Indian reserves, should be temporarily waived, in order that the Garden River
Indians might have an opportunity of cutting a quantity of this class of material at
a reasonable profit, thereby relieving considerable distress.
A circular letter has been distributed to all Indian inspectors and agents dealing
with matters in connection with forest conservation and management, and through
the influence of these outside officers it is hoped that the Indians will be led to realize
the importance of exercising every precaution against the outbreak of forest fires, the
adoption of careful lumbering methods, and the co-ordination of their lumbering
operations with the clearing and i)roparation of their lands for cultivation.
FINANCIAL.
At the close of the twelve months ended March 31, 1916, the capital of the
Inilian Trust Fund, which at the end of the preceding year amounted to $7,738,145.97,
had increased to $7,741,491.92.
The amount expended from the Consolidated Revenue Fund was as follows : Voted
by Parliament for the purposes of the department, $1,980,552.1 7, and annuities liy
statute, $210,5^9.
On March 31, last, the balance to the credit of the Indian Savings Account for
the funding of the annuities and earnings of pupils at industrial schools, together with
ecllections from Indians for purchases of cattle and for ranching expenses, was
$56,743.14. Deposits and interest during the twelve months aggregated $32',278.18, and
withdrawals $44,214.94.
The manner in which the officers both of the Inside and Outside Service have
performed their respective duties has been eminently satisfactory, and I desire to
express my gratification at the conscientious and co-operative spirit that has charac-
terized their services throughout the year.
I have the honour to be, sir.
Your obedient servant,
DUNCAN C. SCOTT.
Deputy Superintendent General of Indian Affairs.
27— D
7 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1917
PART I
TABULAR STATEMENTS
27-i-l
DEPARTME^'T OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. 1 —
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies
No.
in
B:ind.
Religion.
Agency and Band.
d
<
1
.2
1
1
'4
1-1
Albekta Inspectorate.
Blnckfoot Agency-
731
250
250
231
Blood Ai/enc>/ —
Bl<K)d
J, 154
278
225
651
Edmonton Afjcnc.y —
138
114
170
115)
167
13S
105
170
119
20
j:iioch'8.
9
'i47
Michel's
Paul's
Total
708
206
84
76
19
410
156
55-2
Hohhema A<jen<^y —
62
15
9
265
206
22
9
10
138
Louis Bull's
Montana (Little Bear's)
52
Samson's
7
Total
796
351
385
59
Pcirjan A yency —
Peitfan. , .
432
189
180
63
Saddle Lake Ageticy —
Beaver Lake
Cbipewyan
109
73
274
408
:::
' 187
197
109
73
87
211
Jatnes Seeniim's.
Sivddle Lake and Blue Quill's.
Total
864
384
480
Surnee Afiency—
Bull's Head .
188
75
24
89
Stony Afirncy—
247
122
290
247
rhiniquay'p
We.ley'8
122
290
Total
659
659
Total, Alberta Inspectorate
5, .531
792
1,550
2,096
1,093
CENSUS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS.
and Districts, for the Year ended March 31, 191G.
Under
From
From
From
From
Change iu
Cause
Cause
i
6 to 15
16 to 20
21 to 65
65 years
Population
of
of
yeart!.
inclusive.
inclusive.
inclusive.
upwards.
during year.
mcrease.
decrease.
B
»
Ji
A
«;
.si
1
i
.2
X
'^
IS
S
1
1
fe
1
1
?3
1
2
Gh
5C.
62
56
32
27
211
202
8
9
3
31
8
35
7
111
nr.
96
94
67
56
271
268
14
31
16
50
9
41
2
2.'^
21
.
6
8
1
32
38
1
1
8
(i
9
12
11
10
15
8
2
3
29
26
5
5
3
6
3
IG
24
18
18
10
11
32
36
2
3
9
6
5
1
1
15
18
10
9
6
9
20
27
2
3
6
7
2
2
1
25
20
17
9
9
10
37
32
4
4
20
12
10
2
90
93
67
50
35
34
150
159
14
16
38
8
38
30
21
17
20
22
14
13
12
17
51
48
3
6
13
... .
11
8
9
3
45
7
2
47
4
8
8
10
3
15
14
3
81
16
18
3
83
1
4
19
23
1
2
2
19
8
2
3
8
35
33
46
25
5
10
?3
82
87
77
59
74
55
164
168
10
19
37
23
9
28
23
51
37
45
43
13
16
110
101
4
12
8
20
6
24
1
13
17
12
10
10
10
18
19
4
2
4
fi
4
6
10
7
6
15
19
3
4
2
3
26
36
29
24
18
17
60
62
2
11
10
9
6
2
55
63
• 44
39
33
37
63
72
1
1
16
24
8
16
1
100
120
91
83
68
70
156
172
1
3
34
45
21
25
7
21
29
15
9
4
6
.50
41
3
10
5
8
12
1
19
22
27
32
H
19
46
64
4
. 5
11
6
9
s
13
13
9
9
26
33
1
1
7
4
5
6
22
24
34
30
22
18
65
68
1
7
9
6
8
50
54
74
75
45
46
1.37
165
2
11
12
7
24
6
19
6
573
622
527
469
338
310
1,249
1,276
56
111
145
46
231
108
177
63
27— i— 13
departme:nt of Indian affairs
7 george v, a. 1917
TABLE No. 1—
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies
No.
in
Band.
Religion.
Agency and Band.
1
<
a,
1
s
1
'0
1
■5 '-5
<
British Columbia Inspectorates.
Babine A<jcncy—
9G
190
219
107
194
229
68
76
158
49
35
155
144
181
190
96
211
"iso
' 145
36
8
Olen Vowell
107
64
Kispiox
Kitsegukla
Kitselas
214
62
76
15
6
13
13
Kuldoe
12
"i55
144
181
23
Moricetown
Old Fort Bahine
Total
1,901
522
364
670
203
142
Bella Goola Agency—
Rplla Bella
311
215
115
?,'^
4i
270
221
70
106
89
311
200
llo
88
6
270
"lO
6
Bella C<x)la and Tallio
■"89
15
China Hat (Kitasoo)
Hartley Bay (Kitkahta)
Kinisquit
"221
35
Kitkatla
Kitlopw
■"■'60
100
Ulkatcho and Anahain Lake
Total
1,526
221
1,006
89
210
Cowichan Aijcacy —
Cheerno (Beecher Bay)
30
111
62
34
10
16
101
62
32
14
Cleniolmnaluts . ...
10
""lO
2
Comox
Esquinialt
17
17
Galiano Inland
Hellelt
28
40
4
16
70
1
"3
14
39
4
13
70
14
Kili)anliis
Kok.silah
Knlltets
Ijlnialche
81
10
17
170
62
226
■■'170
81
10
17
"■02
226
Malakut
Nanaimo
Pauquach«m
Penelakut
CENSUS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS
and Districts, for the Year ended March 31, 1916.
Under
6
years.
From
6 to 15
inclusive .
From
16 to 20
inclusive.
From
21 to «.•)
inclusive.
From
05 year.s
upwards.
Chanfre in
Population
during year.
Cause
of
increase.
Cause
of
decrease .
3
- ^
i
1
1
6
'a
1
-1
r
1
-1.
1
1
1
i
J
1
i
1
1
t
tsc
ii
5
17
6
6
8
4
4
8
4
2
4
7
11
10
14
22
16
17
25
10
8
15
5
4
14
11
17
11
16
22
16
18
26
4
8
15
5
3
16
12
17
6
9
10
5
15
12
4
6
8
3
3
8
9
11
7
14
10
7
15
12
14
8
3
3
10
9
.12
24
45
72
25
58
65
14
13
42
9
6
• 49
40
•46
24
45
74
25
48
65
11
13
43
9
8
47
44
47
1
b
1
1
5
4
2
6
6
3
3
■4
I
i
5
7
6
4
3
3
4
6
2
32
i
3
"4
3
6
■■■■i3
36
i
10
2
15
"2
1
3
4
3
16
3
5
6
17
■ ■ 13
36
""i
10
8
7
6
10
24
9
6
2
3
87
88
188
189
109
131
505
503
44
57
60
60
43
17
36
30
18
14
28
16
12
7
2
28
14
6
4
«
36
22
15
8
2
39
22
6
8
36
22
10
9
1
35
23
8
10
8
15
12
6
6
1
13
14
2
6
5
14
4
1
'" ii
9
1
6
3
65
57
26
22
16
52
58
19
32
27
64
38
24
17
12
41
40
19
29
21
13
16
3
4
3
11
14
1
4
1
10
1
4
3
10
6
3
2
2
4
6
1
2
i
■■■3
3
1
3
*
11
9
4
5
2
3
i
10
1
"3
30
10
7
4
2
1
9
4
7
3
4
21
5
6
9
....
143
123
165
162
80
56
374
305
70
48
17
10
53
'^
47
4
2
2
6
4
3
17
4
3
9
12
3
1
3
4
5
2
4
1
■■ 1
7
28
18
12
4
1
9
.S2
21
12
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
1
3
1
5
4
1
2
2
1
i
3
4
"]
1
22
■■■31
1
2
■■'2
??!
2
1
1
"1
2
2
1
31
2
3
2
" 1
4
4
4
2
1
8
1
3
4
1
6
1
1
1
5
2
3
1
2
5
12
5
18
, 6
11
■ "o
16
"' 17
3
7
42
19
66
1
1
1
1
.....
2
■ "i
1
1
....
2
7
5
13
8
1
_1
IS
6
17
8
2
2
18
6
22
16
3
35
19
03
8
2
9
3
11
17
3
14
16
4
14
3
4
20
4
15
10
5
4
2
16
2
i
91
3
90
DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIR8
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. 1
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies
No.
in
Band.
Religion.
Agency and Band.
s
<
1
^
1
I
§^-
■f.
f
<
British Columbia— Con.
Cowichan Agency.— Gon. ■
Qualioiiin • ■
Quamichan
Siccameen ,
10
234
44
11
96
113
32
67
99
18
10
36
"s
6
10
198
44
"90
103
32
67
99
18
...
3
Sooke :
Tsartlip
Tsawout
Tsussie
Total .
1712
264
2
1415
28
3
Kamloops Ayenoy. —
Adam Lake (Sahhaltkuni)
192
90
186
86
134
145
258
94
493
40
196
220
28
180
"■'55
■'134
467
40
192
S5
186
86
"i45
258
94
26
"l96
220
Coldwater
Cook 'a Ferry
Duadinan's Creek . .
Kamloops
Nicomfn
Niskainlish (Halaut)
23
Upper Nicola
180
Total
2312
724
1018
Kootenay Agency. —
21
83
157
67
202
52
21
83
167
67
202
52
Ijower Columbia Lake
Lower Koutenay . .
St. Marys
Tobacco Plains
Total
582
582
Kmiwkewlth Agency. — '
KlawatsiH and Matilpi
90
57
37
14
115
12
80
96
90
■"l2
Ewa«heja ...
37
Kwatsino
"il5
14
Kwawkfwlth
Kwiahkah
Namalillikulla . .
Nakwakto
80
96
CEXSUS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS.
and Districts, for the Year ended March 31, 1916.
Under
G
years.
From
6 to 15
inclusive.
From
16 to 20
inclusive.
From
21 to 65
inclusive.
From
65 years
upwards.
Charge in
Population
during year.
Cause
increase.
Cause
of
iecrease .
s
■^
S
•1
a
1
1
T
cS
E
1
.1
1
1
1
2
.5P
»5
2
10
3
• 6
6
1
7
11
2
2
8
1
2
5
7
2
8
12
2
3
67
11
3
20
33
9
16
27
6
3
74
7
3
21
13
23
6
■ 1
1
■■ ' 1
2
1
1
I'
1
2
■■■'26
1
'7
3
-
H
18
5
14
4
3
5
14
4
10
4
3
5
17
7
10
10
2
4
24
5
8
12
4
6
5
1
i
1
2
52
6
1
3
2
1
■■■■20
4
1
1
4
2
•■•■2
'■■ 2
9
3
4
"52
115
100
149
148
126
124
448
465
16
21
146
129
46
124
38
115
12
7
13
10
12
8
14
11
7
15
8
8
14
17
8
38
4
13
20
3
20
19
6
22
6
10
10
30
6
31
3
18
25
3
19
17
8
24
8
9
30
9
29
2
26
23
2
15
7
6
12
7
9
9
18
7
31
2
12
12
13
7
14
6
7
11
16
5
37
2
9
15
59
17
39
20
35
39
67
22
132
11
53
47
7
36
49
21
37
18
39
41
63
24
127
11
48
50
8
41
6
4
3
2
4
1
2
10
2
3
■■■3
3
5
6
" '3
2
2
2
15
1
3
2
1
4
4
3
2
2
1
9
4
5
4
4
3
13
2
8
6
3
11
■30
1
2
3
2
3
7
4
19
4
6
5
■■4
9
43
4
12
23
4
""2
31
4
7
1
6
2
18
9
15
189
13f.
208
209
141
157
584
577
42
49
63
9
86
31
63
2
2
17
6
15
3
1
6
12
10
24
5
ii
15
7
18
5
2
5
4
•}
9
1
3
6
1
9
4
7
20
39
15
47
15
21
43
12
48
14
2
6
4
4
1
2
5
3
9
5
'2
i
8
8
4
2
11
10
6
19
1
1
4
"8
"4
"■4
47
45
58
56
23
24
143
145
16
25
2
21
2
13
8
10
4
3
5
2
3
2
6
■"■4
6
2
2
■"12
1
6
9
5
2
2
"15
4
8
1
I
6
1
3
1
2
2
6
::::::
30
17
10
5
35
5
32
30
25
22
8
5
30
5
22
30
4
1
2
1
1
2
3
2
■"l
2
1
'2
3
i
4
2
3
5
3
6
6
8
2
1
2
1
6
3
4
5
6
2
5
2
3
DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. 1—
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies
No.
in
Band.
Religion.
Agency and Band.
c
1
<
C5
1
i
1
ceO
r
<
British Columbia— 6'on.
Kwawkcwlth Ai/ency —Concluded.
Nimkish
139
52
76
208
20
139
' ' '208
"52
Tanakteuk ....
76
Wawlit»<uni
20
85
59
Wewayaka^v or Cape Mudge
Wewayakum or Campbell River
Total
1140
462
176
502
Li/tton Afienrv —
Anderson Lake
48
147
121
98
28
16
39
31
34
2f.4
33
95
53
76
460
124
44
89
11
108
14
16
114
39
30
69
73
"l39
89
48
8
32
98
28
16
38
'■.34
254
33
87
Bootlirtivd .....
Boston Bar
Bridgp River
Cayoose Creek, No. 1
Cayoose Creek No. 2
Cheam -
"31
1
Clsco
Clinton
Fountain
■■ '2
High Bar
6
53
15
460
Hoix-
Lillooet
61
"l24
44
89
Lytton
Maria Island
Ohamil
Pavilion
PojKJum
11
108
14
'54
27
27
57
58
Shawahlook
Skuppah
Spuzziim
16
60
10
3
12
15
2
Texas Lake
Union Bar
Yale
Total
2264
920
5
1339
Nass Adcncii —
.\iyan8h
181
251
83
07
231
183
184
654
181
251
83
67
231
183
Kincolith
Kitladainiks .
KitwillMch8ilt(Gwinoha)
Lackal/.ap
Metlakat*
Port Essington and Kitsumkalum
■ ■ 100
654
""84
Port Simj«on
Total
1834
996
754
84
CENSUS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS—
and Districts, for the Year ended March 31, 1916.
Under
6
years.
From
6 to 15
inclusive.
Frcim
16 to 20
inclusive.
From
21 to 65
inclusive.
From
65 j'ears
upwards.
Chanpe in
Population,
during year.
Cause
of
increase.
Cause
of
decrease.
£
^
•I'
d
1
1
9
3
5
3
1
3;
1
a
4
pi
1
1.
1
1
2
1
.1
1
J5
8
13
3
4
15
2
5
1
14
5
8
1«
1
6
3
10
1
5
18
3
■■■4
3
42
15
25
74
7
27
23
39
15
19
57
27
19
4
1
1
1
2
1
7
1
1
4
1
1
1
4
... .
2
1
6
2
1
3
12
2
1
2
1
4
12
3
5
10
4
5
3
2
2
10
9
8
""2
6
78
71
94
87
40
21
377
330
18
24
13
34
27
15
44
19
2
16
2
12
10
4
1
2
2
1
2
28
1
10
4
6
40
9
4
8
1
7
1
1
9
2
2
4
5
11
10
■ 6
1
2
3
3
2
13
1
9
4
40
10
3
9
i
1
11
4
3
5
6
5
11
9
1
1
4
I
13
2
8
7
9
9
2
10
1
1
11
6
4
6
4
7
10
12
2
■ 3
2
3
13
2
9
5
8
24
8
4
2
5
1
7
4
3
10
6
4
8
10
6
3
1
2
1
16
2
8
6
7
27
11
4
6
1
1
1
6
3
2
9
7
12
41
30
25
5
10
7
10
56
11
19
11
12
115
34
9
19
2
22
4
5
32
8
3
14
12
11
41
28
26
6
3
12
10
12
63
9
20
f|
19
117
30
8
20
1
25
3
5
27
8
5
16
18
2
3
2
2
1
1
7
1
1
1
3
7
2
1
1
7
1
3
1
3
1
1
""u
2
1
1
3
2
1
2
8
2
2
■'l
1
2
■' 3
6
2
4
3
■■■"2
'"'1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
■■■■2
8
2
Clandehoye Agency —
Black River
75
144
546
103
7r
lie
310
43
' " 10
Brokenliead
Fort Ak-xander
17
218
20
14
18
Hollow Water River
30
Total
868
541
10
255
62
Fisher River Agency—
290
75
183
493
111
89
l'.)4
519
145
153
732
230
15
79
28 1
"l40
56
20
4
"209
Bloodvein
40
Deer Lake . . . ■.
104
Fisher River
Grand RApids »
110
70
1
19
172
Pegnis
275
35
15
25
'" 7
102
184
■ "6
" i45
Poplar River
St. Peters
Total
2,984
1,070
50
770
211
422
461
Fort Frances Agency —
Amalgamated Rainy River Bands . .
244
45
223
109
62
51
131
39
8
37
1
1
2
194
2
1
10
""io
205
Buffalo Bay
44
Couchieliing
28
107
61
NickickoPHemenecaning
41
Seine Kiver
131
Stangecoming
Sturgeon Lake
29
8
Total
912
39
219
654
Oriswold Agencu —
Oak Lake .'. . . ..
62
344
"l84
'"l
29
14
14
56
19
Oak River
89
Total
40G
184
1
43
70
108
CENSUS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS
and Districts, for the Year ended March 31, 1916.
17
Under
From
From
From
From
Change in
Cause
Cause
5
6 to 15
16 to 20
21 to 65
65 years
Population
3f
of
years.
inclusive.
inclusive.
inclusive.
upwards.
during year.
increase.
decrease.
c
r.
1
"3
"3
■^
2
a
J
^
X
2
~
1
-5
^
-a
IS
1
>5
1
a
S
&
3
8
" 2
8
""2
7
"■3
2
.... ^
3
2
11
4
15
1
2
5
1
11
1
2
2
4
4
9
IC
4
4
19
27
3
4
6
2
6
2
6
9
8
8
4
2
21
3(
6
i
2
4
2
8
1-J
21
32
21
14
7
38
4b
9
8
6
15
1
10
28
37
59
49
5
25
18
m
121
24
27
6
10
23
3
28
3
2
2
3
3
7
8
14
14
8
11
1
3
1
6
9
12
13
8
7
38
25
13
13
1
:■
9
4
2
Ho
32
36
31
85
57
114
118
11
27
7
22
2
7
10
J
6
8
9
7
8
25
24
7
5
1
4
2
4
18
1
17
50
59
5S
107
80
191
181
39
56
8
2
32
6
14
16
19
52
32
24
20
55
58
7
12
8
18
7
«
6
8
6
4
5
16
1!.
2
3
13
2
19
•>
6
14
2C
32
21
8
6
33
47
2
4
£
7
7
5
33
55
66
68
28
26
85
9<)
23
19
17
15
11
9
34
9
9
17
15
8
9
21
22
1
11
1
1
4
9
10
8
12
6
5
6
14
17
5
6
4
]
1
6
22
24
36
27
50
12
55
16
60
6
40
47
118
40
97
1
6
23
13
107
4
11
16
45
11
7
106
13
13
17
33
20
3
4
24
29
1
1
10
5
2
2
15
14
12
24
16
12
. 5
30
31
3
(;
1
2
3
6
63
78
72
65
65
48
127
167
26
21
820
88
21
830
10
109
245
284
393
316
233
175
570
617
78
73
955
132
93
1,012
56
226
11
16
30
19
9
57
78
6
11
2
9
5
14
2
4
2
17
8
20
2
29
2
9
"■■12
13
49
14
55
2
11
2
21
4
7
14
3
3
9
11
9
6
4
25
;«5
3
a
4
5
1
2
6
1
6
11
1
1
16
16
2
2
1
1
3
1
7
5
10
1
2
10
13
2
1
3
2
10
6
16
12
3
27
38
9
5
1
5
4
2
^
4
4
1
2
1
4
2
12
4
1
3
2
3
1
3
1
58
59
100
97
34
35
205
266
25
33
19
8
38
9
32
4
3
4
2
6
4
5
14
13
4
1
3
1
4
1
34
36
41
34
14
10
70
74
9
22
13
22
1
10
37
40
43
40
18
15
84
87
13
29
1.3
1
2',
2
14
_i
18
departme:nt of isdian affairs
7 george v, a. 1917
TABLE No. 1—
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies
*
No.
in
Band.
Religion.
•
Agency and Band.
<
i
PQ
1
1
0"
i
<
Manitoba— Continued.
Ktnora Division —
Assahaska
Big Island
149
122
73
241
40
7
78
83
70
94
71
1
""is
U9
9
4
39
17
1
4
1
6
139
1
117
Dalles, the
If-linpfton
16
75
39
Northwest Angle No. 34
Northw.st Angle No. 37
Rat Portage
Shoal Lake No. 39
Shoal Lake No. 40
9
9
■■■ 3
"io
14
69
70
60
79
Whitefish Bay
62
Total
1,028
189
25
81
733
Savanne Division —
Eagle Lake
55
169
171
62
72
458
100
46
2
168
44
, 1
■■■426
14
18
11
1
70
50
4
13
5
6
42
Frenchman's Head
..
■"57
11
68
Lac- Seul
19
Wabigoon ...
81
Wabu.skang
22
Total
1,133
673
160
300
Norway House Agency —
Cross Lake
God's Lake
549
293
519
461
734
328
341
"'208
'■341
330
293
619
385
494
328
219
Island Lake
Nelson House
76
32
Oxford House .
Split Lake
Total ....
3,225
54!)
2,349
327
Pns Agency —
Chemawawin
139
171
467
125
loy
96
137
150
453
124
153
9fi
24
4
1
io
Cuinl«;rland
Le Pas
Red P:arth
Shoal Lake
Total
1,154
1,113
31
10
CENSUS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS
and Districts, for the Year ended ]\Iarch 31, 1916.
19
Under
From
F
rem
F
^)m
F
roui
Change in
Cause
Cause
6
6 to 15
16
to2<i
21 to G.J
65 years
Pojjulation
during year.
of
of
year*.
inclusive.
incl
usive.
inclusive.
upwards.
increase.
decrease
4
J,'
J
sS
5
B
— '
"Is
i
i
B
fe
i
s
1
t
r.
■5
1
X
1
be
12
13
IC
21
6
4
28
38
6
5
17
(i
17
4
2
11
7
19
13
5
5
29
28
3
2
It
e
22
4
<
lb
t
3
14
19
1
1
3
4
'1
s
15
29
30
35
8
58
4£
4
6
3
15
1
If
3
1
'
4
4
-
8
10
3
21
2
1
1
2
i
3
I
1
1
1
5
y
7
10
5
5
20
3
5
5
.....
^
6
11
14
5
17
16
2
2
1
1
1
9
1
4
8
5
10
1
16
17
8
3
9
4
12
(
17
8
1
21
24
1
1
9
3
6
2
5
10
5
3
8
3
16
19
2
4
3
11
44
10
S3
96
131
124
45
32
229
244
19
^
52
8
4S
75
35
4
3
5
S
4
3
13
13
1
1
• 1
3
23
y
31
18
5
s
36
34
4
1
14
11
18
13
3
18
12
28
21
10
5
38
35
1
3
1
8
13
4
6
12
5
1
2
14
17
1
14
4
o-
7
10
4
5
8
10
3
IC
14
17
1
8
1
3
4
8
52
34
66
70
25
21
90
90
4
6
14
23
21
14
16
7
9
15
3
12
20
26
1
7
12
1
13
1*
2
3
10
6
2
2
6
11
2
2
1
1
8
4
4
107
79
169
153
53
63
231
243
13
22
56
8
49
1(0
58
43
68
85
58
49
43
3b
82
96
13
17
20
8
1?
9
41
52
19
33
22
30
33
45
11
4
11
«;
1
91
76
52
46
43
44
63
88
5
11
21
27
6
5
7
6i.
65
87
50
106
61
71
33
22
43
23
64
153
66
1&4
7
17
12
27
12
27
12
27
64
9
9
57
49
25
20
2S
21
53
57
10
5
17
S-/
57
50
35
32
34
25
44
49
6
9
17
15
2
438
464
345
312
226
224
492
565
62
97
32
14
131
14
99
28
10
6
13
18
10
4
26
32
10
10
8
5
G
13
16
9
15
14
13
34
45
6
9
13
7
12
4
2
48
41
45
38
31
28
92
113
12
19
29
22
14
7
it
8
11
n
8
3
27
33
8
4
1
4
16
15
16
9
13
12
26
34
5
7
11
12
4
5
10
9
9
14
6
3
19
19
5
2
3
7
4
2!i
...
106
95
103
1€5
82
63
224
276
45
65
60
1
63
33
8
27-i-2i
20
DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. 1—
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies
No.
in
Band.
Religion.
Agency and Band.
i
"bo
C
<
*i
.2
1
c
1
|3
si
ll
<
'Masitoba— Concluded.
Portage-la-Prairie and Manitowapah
Agency .
Manitowapah Division—
44
88
191
126
182
175
2.33
338
179
73
8
"iir.
25
134
77
■"78
29
90
7
98
218
288
■'■'eo
36
Ebb and Flow
47
■■■■41
10
11
Lake St Martin
Pine Creek
15
Sandy Bay
Shoal River .. .
10
149
.
40
30
Waterhen
13
Total
1,629
518
88
868
1.55
Portage la Prairie Division—
Long Plain
Roseau River and Rapids
Sioux . . ...
114
198
125
122
40
'"85
74
113
109
95
16
Swan Lake and Indian Gardens
5
22
Total
559
5
244
107
203
Fort Churchill District—
Fort Churchill
123
282
York Factory ....
Total
405
Total, Manitoba Inspectorate i . .
14,784
4,282
138
3,131
562
2,432
432
2,802
No details of ages or religions of 405 Indians obtainable.
CENSUS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS.
and Districts, for the Year ended March 31, 1916.
21
Under
G
years.
From
G to 15
inclusive.
From
11) to 20
inclusive.
From
21 to G5
inclusive.
From
65 years
Upwards.
Cluvnge in
Population
during year.
Cause
of
increase.
Cause
of
decrease.
4
1
6
4
1
^
^
4
s
4
1
0)
1
4
1
i
1
1
1
§
.1
13
0)
1
t
S
6
8
IG
9
15
11
19
39
11
■6
5
7
12
8
16
19
16
21
9
8
4
9
19
n
18
13
14
2f.
13
8
1
9
18
8
20
15
38
37
14
4
4
14
16
10
20
24
21
43
21
9
/
5
11
17
IG
15
16
23
21
32
7
7
12
39
3(1
i
34
60
31
i3
11
15
39
23
38
35
59
78
41
16
i
5
4
2
5
7
4
1
1
2
8
6
3
2
4
6
3
1
2
5
"c
23
3
' 1
6
3
'"'5
' ii
4
(i
3
8
16
8
3
9
1
9
19
3
3
""5
3
2
S
11
10
2
13
9
7
5
"6
5
2
"2
"7
12
2
140
121
135
164
182
163
297
355
36
36
40
25
65
56
70
36
12
16
24
11
10
16
23
10
10
22
10
13
10
16
11
13
16
5
15
10
18
3
15
25
43
20
18
24
40
21
20
5
6
5
3
3
5
3
4
1
3
IG
2
7
11
4
11
2
1
1
3
8
2
2
5
6
63
59
55
50
41
46
106
105
19
15
20
2
3.
11
15
21
15
36
11
34
67
4
16
51
G6
101
20
117
1,352
1,384
1,592
1,468
1,046
.14
2,722
3,060
373
468
1,362
211
620
1,438
499
408
22
DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. 1—
Arranged under Department Inspectorates, Agencies
No.
in
Band.
Religipn.
Agency and Band.
1
<
.2
4
1
a
1
!
.2
11
O
if
<
Nkw Brunswick Inspecttorate.
Northern Agenot.
Edinonston
Tobique
42
182
42
183
Total
225
225
JSOBTHEASTKRN AgENCY.
Gloucester County—
20
20
Kent County-
253
19
32
253
19
32
304
304
Northumberland Countp—
243
164
73
243
164
73
Eel Ground Reaetye
Red Bank Eleserve
Total
480
480
Rciti/iouche County—
92
92
Westmoreland County—
48
48
Total .
4i44
944
Southwestern Agency.
Charlotte County
30
85
80
78
75
30
111
60
30
85
80
78
75
30
111
60
Kingsclear, Yol-k County
Oroinocto, Sunbury County
Queens Count>'
St. John County
St. Marys, York County
Woodstock, Carleton County
Total »
549
519
Indians of Nova Scotia living in Kings, Queens,
St Johns and Charlotte Counties '
156
1.56
Total, New Brunswick. '
1,874
1,874
'No details as to ages of 220 Indians available. 'No details as to ages of 156 Indians available. 'No
CENSUS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS.
and Districts, for the Year ended March 31, 1916.
23
Under From
G C to 15
Years. inclusive.
From
16 to 20
inclusive.
From
21 to 65
inclusive.
From
65 years
upwards.
Change in
iwpulation
durmg year.
Cause
of
increase.
Cause
of
decrease.
aj
a
£
j5
1
1
Is
1
J.
c!
' 1
1
i
5
2
•z
a
1
5
22
6
19
3
IS
4
22
4
7
2
9
5
42
5
40
5
2
3
2
"u
13
2
8
.... ^
1
2
14
1
o-
25
21
26
11
n
47
45
7
14
13
10
9
3
15
]
1
5
1
]
2
4
3
2
3
1
3
1
22
5
16
27
25
18
4
1-1
1
2
50
(i
9
59
6
6
13
1
9
1
10
10
1
1
i
11
3
2
3
2
1
30
18
30
27
22
17
65
71
14
10
10
12
10
12
23
21
7
29
10
6
21
19
7
5
8
2
10
2
64
40
20
48
40
13
8
7
6
6
3
6
9
2
9
12
8
3
5
8
7
2
1
10
4
8
51
45
48
47
15
12
124
101
21
16
15
23
13
13
12
17
13
4
3
13
22
1
1
6
1
4
4
7
5
6
2
1
9
12
2
2
2
2
2
98
89
95
94
44
33
213
210
41
28
19
14
«
16
24
31
'■■■ll
11
9
13
9
■■■■l4
6
4
6
9
. 3
4
4
6
4
■■'lo
""9
1
"lO
10
■ 14
6
3
1
8
10
4
""2
2
3
9
■■■■l5
8
14
14
" i7
11
15
12
■ 21
11
3
3
1
3
1
"ij
35
40
40
42
22
18
56
59
11
6
16
10
13
10
11
6
]60
153
156
162
77
62
.^16
314
59
39
49
37
67
35
3S
52
details as to aeres of 376 Indians available.
24 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. 1—
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies
No.
in
Band
Religions.
Agency and Band.
"be
s
<
1
i
c
1
1
.2
1
|3
u a
■5-3
<
Nova Scotia Inspectorate.
Annapolis County-^
60
60
Antu/onixh and Ouyshoro County —
191
191
Beech Kill
17
17
Heitherton
15
5
15
Total
228
228
Cape Breton County-
131
131
Cape Breton Ci'unty—
Sydney (Micmacs) .
137
137
ColchcHter County—
Millbrook
97
97
Cumberland County —
Franklin Manor (Micmacs)
77
77
Dif/by County —
Bear river (Micmacs) .....
102
102
Halifax County—
Bedford
14
58
96
30
23
14
14
58
96
30
23
14
Eltnsdale
Knfifld
Slifct Harbour ....
Wellington
Total
235
235
Hants County—
Indian Brook (Micmacs)
82
82
Hants County —
28
28
Inverness County —
Malapfawatch
39
159
39
159
Whycocomaerh
Total .. ..
198
198
CENSUS
25
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS.
and Districts, for the Year ended March 31, 1916.
Under
years.
From
C. to 15
inclusive.
From
Iti to 20
inclusive.
Friim
21 to 65
inclusive.
From
65 years
upwards.
Change in
Population
during year.
Cause
of
increase.
Cause
of
decrease.
1
6
-2
1
s
^
-a
^
i
1
J
1
1
J
.1
6
9
6
4
2
2
15
13
3
2
2
15
17
22
24
13
11
41
47
36
8
5
15
30
9
g
" 17
f)
4
1
3
4
1
5
'■■■ 5
1
1
17
1
i
1
"■ 3
2
i5
6
9
3
4
17
2
15
•
6
17
18
24
29
19
14
49
57
1
53
51
15
47
51
18
25
13
8
25
9
6
6
23
26
4
6
4
7
12
8
8
2
8
7
24
20
20
5
10
9
4
5
9
10
4
9
25
22
5
4
5
5
1
5
6
5
13
7
2
2
23
17
4
1
8
2
6
7
11
18
8
2
6
24
17
5
4
6
6
4
2
2
1
1
8
16
5
2
1
2
5
3
1
1
■ ■ 7
7
2
2
1
'3
7
2
2
2
8
1
3
1
5
13
17
6
2
3
10
14
6
4
1
2
4
3
3
""2
1
2
3
1
3
3
1
1
3
4
1
2
2
2
^
15
1
1
1
11
26
33
19
19
14
15
.50
41
13
5
10
4
8
(i
8
9
10
3
5
16
18
3
4
1
1
r.
4
2
1
5
3
1
1
7
8
2
1
28
1
2Jt
3
2-J
4
18
3
12
1
21
1
10
1
9
n
3(1
12
27
""3
5
I
9
6
3
3
27
22
15
22
11
10
44
39
3
f.
5
8
26 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. 1-
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies
No.
in
Band.
Religion.
Agency and Band.
.1
"si;
s
-tl
i
1
<
Nova Scotia— Concluded.
Kings County —
Micnaacs
87
87
Lunenburrj County —
Bridgewater and surroundings
31
26
50
'14
1
1
SO
3
48
New Germany Reserve ... .
1
Total
107
15
10
81
1
Pictou County—
158
158
Queens County—
Caledonia
8
32
4
8
32
4
Mill Village
Milton
Wild Cat
Total
51
51
Richmond County —
Chapel Island (Micmacs)
145
145
Shelhurne County—
Micmacs
3.
38
Victoria Countv —
Middle River (Micmacs)
82
82
Yarmouth County—
Micmacs. .".
76
76
Total, Nova Scotia
2,119
15
10
2,093
1
CENSUS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS.
and Districts, for the Year ended March 31, 1916.
27
Under
6
years.
V roin
G to 1.-)
inclusive.
From
U: to 20
inclusive.
From
21 to (15
inclusive.
From
65 years
upwards.
Change in
Poj)ulation
during year.
Cause
of
increase.
Cause
of
decrease.
1^'
jJ
1
1
.2
1
V
2
1
c
1
1
1
1
1
4
g
6
5
10
13
10
10
15
12
2
4
4
2
2
2
" 6
2
5
3
6
2
3
6
1
4
1
4
3
2
4
13
16
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
6
8
14
11
9
9
19
25
3
3
2
2
6
7
25
21
6
7
40
31
8
4
4
4
4
.,
1
2
2
1
'5
1
1
i
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
3
I
4
"4
2
3
" 3
1
4
1
4
5
H
7
4
4
6
5
5
3
11
3
11
3
9
20
17
IG
7
9
35
28
2
2
1
3
2
1
6
1
7
7
1
3
2
8
9
3
1
4
3
8
13
7
3
1
23
10
3
5
7
6
5
4
2
7
4
8
6
7
12
9
13
8
6
3
4
159
222
242
229
132
139
4.^
403
88
67
146
69
89
m
64
76
28
DEPARTMENT OF lyDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. I—
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies
No.
in
Band.
Religions.
Agency and Band.
c
<
1
.2
1
1
'0
2 ^
u C
11
<
Ontario Inspectorate.
Alnwick Agency.—
262
262
('ape Croker Agency. — #/' /
Chippewas of Nawash : .''. 1-U^n*i
378
18
206
154
Oiradoo A'jcncii. —
4.o9
127
825
225
67
236
'185
234
55
330
5
Oneidas of the Thames
14
60
Total
1411
528
185
619
5
14
60
Chaplcau Anetvcy. —
Moose Factory Crees, Chapleau
Moose Factory Grees, Missinaibi
Oj'bbewas, Chapleau (Robinson Treaty)
Ojibbewas New Brunswick Post
77
54
124
88
89
77
54
63
124
88
63
Ojibbewas, Metagami
26
Total
495
469
26
Christian Island Agency.—
Chippewas of Beausoleil
254
206
48
Fort WiUiam At/ency.—
Fort William
Lake Nipigon
Long Lake
Martins Falls..
PavsPlat
291
395
277
142
46
203
211)
■■26
10
50
"32
266
268
223
40
46
203
187
25
]07
44
52
PicKivtr
Red Rock
Total
1573
112
1233
228
Ocoryina Islnnd Af/tncy. —
Chippewas of Georgina and Snake Island
109
1
108
Golden Luke Agtn'-y.—
1.32
132
Gore Bay Agency. —
Cockburn Island
Obidgewong
5(;
5
186
306
12
44
5
55
131
306
West Bay
Total
553
67
481
5
CENSUS
29
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS.
and Districts, for the Year ended March 31, 1915.
L'nder
6
years.
From
6 to 15
inclusive.
From
16 to 20
inclusive.
From
21 to 65
inclusive
From
65 years
upwards.
Change in
Population
during year.
Cause
of
increa.se.
Cause
of
decrease.
-3
a;
i
1
^
OS
-I'
"3
1
1
1
c
.2
2
be
a
s
o
'i
25
14
30
32
11
7
64
63
11
5
'
2
8
4
U
J2
30
34
20
15
108
99
16
20
3
li
2
H
30
10
92
25
11
73
34
8
104
50
9
59
52
6
36
50
8
23
110
38
220
96
32
186
7
3
17
5
2
15
""s
15
19
5
6
15
1
3
5
10
1
5
9
132
109
146
118
94
81
368
314
27
22
23
19
26
9
22
9
8
5
3
5
3
5
10
7
5
10
5
9
12
11
10
8
3
6
13
8
10
6
7
I
8
4
6
8
13
5
3
Hi
10
i
18
20
14
18
32
27
27
""l
"u
15
7
2
8
1
•••■ll
2
4
"■'8
"".3
8
15
"9.
9
5
8
2
38
35
57
48
38
39
101
138
1
14
32
14
4
19
17
15
13
28
24
29
21
47
70
3
4
5
6
2
2
1
34
47
34
15
3
17
27
•30
50
37
16
3
16
33
30
32
31
14
8
17
26
28
24
36
13
7
18
22
35
42
18
17
3
16
13
29
37
19
18
3
18
16
51
83
41
20
8
45
34
39
65
49
25
7
47
41
7
6
6
2
1
4
3
8
9
6
2
3
5
4
3
8
4
11
.... ^
.... ^
14
10
9
9
3
1
8
6
""io
8
10
4
8
19
4
9
1
u;
9
6
1
2
7
"l
16
177
185
158
148
144
140
282
273
29
37
11
37
46
32
66
38
'
10
14
5
4
5
23
23
11
7
2
3
1
14
10
19
20
12
■'
20
1!)
4
3
5
5
2
o
^
5
"1?
C
1
17
36
9
6
3
13
2
47
62
9
2
4H
73
1
2
4
5
5
2
11
13
38
25
12
9
15
5
7
16
32
5
6
4
50
47
60
60
43
27
124
130
6
6
2
4
14
30
DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. 1—
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies
No.
in
Band.
8
1,119
48
117
103
200
133
10
no
171
71
2,110
333
Religion.
Agency and Band.
<
•J
i
1
1
a
a
1
OtiTAmo—Contimied .
Manitowaning Agency—
■"so
" li?
'■'■42
8
1,119
48
37
103
200
16
10
130
171
29
Manitoulin Island Unceded
Point Grondin
South Bay
Whitefish Lake
Whitefish River.
Total
239
1,871
Moravian Agency—
Moravians
100
233
New Credit Agency—
Mississaguas of the Credit
297
15
17
229
e
30
Parry Sound Super inteiulency—
Gib.son (Watha)
134
171
46
117
123
1.33
42
1
129
46
57
55
Henvey Inlet
Maganetawan
.59
68
1
Shawanaga
Total
591
302
288
1
Rama Agency—
229
• 217
9
3
Mice Lake Agency—
Mississaguas of Mud Lake ^
217
107
324
430
217
107
Mississaguas of Rice Lake
. ..
Total
324
300
1
Sam in Agency—
Chippewas of Sarnia, Kettle and Stony Points.
129
Saugeen Agency—
Chippewa of Saugeen
445
12
397
36
Sault Sic. Marie Agency—
Batchawana
Garden River
428
430
300
42
176
105
6
380
254
195
Michipicoten
Total
1,158
323
6
82^
CENSUS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS.
and Districts, for the Year ended March 31, 1916.
Under
From
From
From
hrom
Cliangc in
a
6 to lu
16
20
21 to 65
65 years
Population
of
of
years.
inclusive.
inclusivf.
inclusive.
upwards.
during year.
increase.
decreaBe.
1
d
r.
s
JS,
^
s
ij
a;
S
■5
»
■^
1
1
1
g
1
1
1
^
1
1
1
J^
1
■■93
"iio
115
56
2
37
4
265
1
277
' ' 46
1
34
8!)
70
42
23
17
118
1
3
16
2
12
11
4
4
2
2
11
29
17
28
2
1
1
4
1
1
3
10
4
2
10
10
11
9
11
4
23
22
2
103
109
fi
15
17
26
1;.
12
<>
46
54
8
2
6
4
l(i
17
14
2
13
1
'
1
34
2
31
3
'.'..'..
2
8
' 1
8
' 1
14
6
19
11
7
8
31
34
1
4
6
1
1
10
16
19
21
15
10
8
27
47
2
6
1
4
3
2
3
5
4
4
115
4
20
23
3
2
2
1G8
183
222
200
70
492
537
63
60
lis
76
72
136
30
4 1
ISti
.30
26
32
23
26
23
79
76
5
4
4
6
22
18
22
25
10
10
86
87
8
9
-
9
2
8
1
10
12
17
10
9
8
36
29
1
2
2
4
4
2
17
17
12
6
13
8
45
47
2
4
8
8
3
2
1
5
3
6
5
3
2
10
10
1
1
1
1
10
5
12
8
6
4
32
29
8
5
2
4
1
2
5
1.3
12
8
11
5
8
23
34
4
6
3
2
4
13
1
55
49
55
40
36
30
146
149
14
17
8
4
20
6
9
12
14
26
23
14
5
57
61
7
10
3
5
3
9
4
2
25
19
19
23
9
8
60
47
4
3
4
^,
4
1
9
13
10
13
4
8
22
23
2
3
6
5
1
1
34
32
29
36
13
16
82
70
6
6
9
10
6
4
2
38
32
43
23
16
19
90
137
13
19
2
6
4
7
1
36
26
50
43
32
24
110
102
12
10
3
IS
14
1
20
24
44
46
30
32
108
115
4
.
5
8
4
4
3
24
27
43
46
33
34
105
109
4
5
10
5
K
ft
17
14
29
29
27
27
75
79
2
1
14
4
2
5
15
61
65
116
121
90
93
2a8
303
10
11
5
11
22
11
19
23
32
DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. 1—
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies
No.
in
Hand.
Religions.
Agency and Band.
i
<
1
1
.2
1
1
1
|3
O
1
P
1
<
ONTARIO— Continued.
Scugog Aoencii—
30
30
Six Nations Superintendcncy —
4,776
1,620
978
817
2
.. .
452
907
Sturr/fon Falls Agency
iJokis
113
82
310
81
113
82
310
81
Total
586
586
Thessalon Agency—
144
116
224
66
93
■^
144
116
224
41
93
25
Total
643
25
618
Tyendinaga Agency —
1,442
1,415
4
8
15
Walpole Idaml Agency—
Chippewas .
Potta wattamies
582
178
408
67
150
111
22
2
6
Total . .
760
469
261
22
2
6
North Renfrew County—
Algonquins
198
— -
District of Patricia —
AguIni^ka Island
Attawapiskat
Beavf-r House
44
150
153
107
100
250
471
102
1,377
Cat Lake . ...
Deer Lodge
Fort Severn
Trout Lake
Total
Total, Ontario*
20,896
5,542
1,180
4,517
12
6,347
516
1,207
No details of ages or religions of 1,575 Indians available.
CENSUS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS
and Districts, for the Year ended March 31, 1916
33
Under
yeais.
¥ roin
H to 15
inclusive.
From
l(i U. 20
inclusive.
From
21 to 65
inclusive.
From
65 ynars
Upwards.
Chan(,'e in
Population
during year.
Cause
of
increase.
Cause
of
decreaJH).
1
1
1
i
i
•1
1
i
_6
J
1
i
.1
.1
i
ii
2
3
5
8
9
2
1
314
325
24
8
59
y
410
415
40'J
432
1,164
1,127
89
91
60
164
67
106
"s
6
14
65
21
13
5
5
28
2
3
35
2
3
2
11
3
3
1
3
4
20
18
47
IS
28
32
66
29
1
1
11
2
4
10
1
8
2
1
i
Gl
12
1
1
3
•l
107
100
40
47
19
11
103
155
2
2
14
G
21
2
1
G
5
U
8
4
14
12
r-
7
3
12
(5
2i
1(.
13
14
2'
10
10
24
35
30
49
16
30
40
23
4^
7
30
1
3
9
3
3
5
6
»
2
4
25
8
3
3
5
6
1
1
3
1
3
5
3
1
8
20
10
3
6
3
11
9
12
4
28
3ti
55
54
61
CO
160
14.5
19
8
23
3
3
16
15
26
111
100
37
1(1
53
140
51
13
64
142
64
14
78
77
24
13
37
75
2(5
10
36
353
158
52
210
368
40
15
2
17
36
14
5
19
21
35
11
.^._
41
12
152
41
193
4
53
11
^^-
10
4
--—
---
^_^
— -
— -
416
1,510
4,648
539
308
1,552
1,849
1,759
1,349
1,249
4,566
414
425
312
228
347
27— i— 3
34 * DEPARTME'S'T OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. 1—
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies
No.
in
Band.
Religion.
Agency and Band.
i
<
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
a
o
1
<1
Prince Edward Island.
Lfnnox Island
222
80
222
80
Morell
Total
302
302
CENSUS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS
and Districts, for the Year ended March 31, 1916.
35
Under
6
years.
From
6 to 15
inclusive.
From
16 to 20
inclusive.
From
21 to 65
inclusive.
From
65 years
upwards.
Change in
Piipulation
during year.
Cau«e
of
increase.
Cause
of
decrease".
■1
1
1
1
1
i
1
i
1
is
-1
1
i
J
9
5
1
i
.1
1
7
3
A.
is
20
21
27
9
24
8
12
5
13
5
45
16
42
14
11
4
10
3
4
2
2
26
28
36
32
17
18
61
56
15
13
14
6
10
2
37-
36 DEPARTMEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. 1—
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies
No.
in
Band.
Religion.
Agency and Band.
"3)
<
1
1
1
1
1
.2
1
li
11
i
Quebec Inspectorate.
Becancour Agency—
Abeaakiij of Becancour . . ■
2.3
23
Rermnis A(iency—
Montagnais of Bersimis
Montapnais of P]scoumains
54.3
53
543
53
Total
596
596
Canouna A'lency—
Amalecites of Viger .
124
1
124
Cawjhnawana A</cnry—
Iroquois of Caughnaw3ga
2,203
2,203
Jrune Lorette Ageivy—
Hurons of Lorette
519
1
7
511
Maniicaki Age >cy—
River Desert
444
15
429
Maria Agency—
Micinacs of Maria
115
183
115
Mingan Agency-
183
Oka Agency—
44
421
2
325
42
96
Iroquois
Total
4()5
327
138
Pierreiille Agency—
Alienakls of St. Francis
310
4S
262
Pointe Bleue Agency—
Montagnais of Pointe Bleue
599
570
51
548
Rintigouche Agency—
570
St. Augustine Agency —
Nata.shkwan, Roniaine and St. Augustine
489
m
St. Regis Ag- n^y-
Iroquoi.-<of St. Regis
1,655
6
126
1,503
20
Si'ren Islnruh Agenn/—
Montagnais of Sevf-n Islands
693
693
7 imiskanung Agency—
Timiskaniing
246
246
CENSUS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS
and Districts, for the Year ended Alarch 31, 1916.
37
Under
From
From
From
From
Change in
Cause
Cau.w
t)
0col5
16 to 20
21 to (!5
65 years
Population
of
of
years.
inchisive.
inclusive.
inclusive.
upwards.
during year.
increase.
decrease.
s
aJ
(C
«
0)
*■
d
Xa
o
i
f
e8
S
-1
"i
-.
H
i
1
•1
i
1
i
P.
!^
S
fe
^
fe
S
fe
S
^
a
PQ
<,
Q
p.
4
2
1
1
11
3
1
^
56
54
37
36
19
22
149
148
11
11
17
28
11
5
4
'
5
5
11
10
1
9
3
7
....
61
5^^
42
43
24
27
160
158
12
11
20
31
7
12
6
7
u.
F
10
9
30
39
3
'
2
3
1
180
258
252
254
143
95
465
445
70
41
49
90
47
72
68
50
40
39
30
97
94
f>
12
20
8
4(1
2.^
29
40
18
23
107
125
15
13
1
10
9
10
8
15
13
10
14
5
.0
20
21
2
3
1
3
3
2J
17
9
14
1'
12
50
38
5
7
7
13
6
1
3
5
4
3
4
7
2
2
^
1
28
35
39
42
35
22
108
82
13
1'
10
19
4
12
31
40
46
40
38
26
115
89
1.^
19
10
7
20
4
13
20
19
2b
31
20
17
80
80
8
7
21
8
19
6
83
89
61
•io
.S6
32
114
107
4
8
21
21
58
60
50
51
2t)
28
134
' 128
15
17
29
20
11^
10
8
60
57
51
64
33
30
80
80
8
8
8
194
199
165
170
98
111
269
308
67
74
25
49
22
15
31
60
66
39
50
55
72
164
154
19
14
1
1
24
22
31
23
13
10
48
59
7
'
1
4
:<
38
DEPARTMEyr OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. 1—
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies
Agency and Band.
No.
in
Band.
J
<
i
p.
E
1
eligion
".1
•|«
1
<
Qc KBKC —Continued .
Pcmtiac County—
(Irand Lake Victoria
227
11
. 135
128
105
30
37
Kipiwa and Grassy Lake
. . . .
Total
673
LahcUe and Wrifjht Counties
69
379
Upper St. Maurice District.*-
168
44
275
98
Manuan Lake
Upper St. Maurice
-^-
.^._
-■--
Total
660
Northern District. —
Abitibi (Tiiniskaniinfi;)
281
169
283
Waswanipi Lakf*
— --
-■^^
-—
Total
733
Hudtont Bin/ ( Eastern Diitrict). —
East Main
144
45
386
Nemiskan and Strutton Island
Ruperts House ...
Total
575
Ungava.—
Fort Chimo ...
260
450
100
65
Fort George
Great Whale River
Little Whale River
—
1,025
I
Total
13,348
121
453
7
8,633
20
' No details of ages or religions of 4114 Indians available.
CENSUS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS.
and Districts, for the Year endeil March 31, 1910.
39
Under
6
years.
From
6 to 15
inclu!*ive.
From
16 to 20
inclusive.
From
21 to 65
inclusive.
From
65 years
upwards.
Change in
Population
during year.
Cause
of
increase.
Cause
of
decrease.
4
53
1
1^
1
1
*
;2
■^
^
i
a
1
1
1
i
1
.1
1
bo
ii
....^
;jji:
^..
—
—
■ "
~
' ■
-
::_:
"
164
1)29
1.003
885
923
572
541
1,9.50
1.934
256
241
183
9
312
74
48
40
DEPARTMEyT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. 1—
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies
No.
in
jand.
Religions.
Agency and Band.
J
i
1
1
.3
§1
1
II
o
■I
<
Saskatchewan IxsrEci orates.
Ai^siniboine Agcncii—
Carry the Kettle
Moose Jaw Sioax'
207
124
90
79
38
Total'
331
90
79
38
Baltleford Apency—
Little Pine
142
83
134
IKi
1.50
94
7,s
120
108
25
83
92
91
30
6
32
38
9
Moosomin
35
20
n^
67
40
5
Red Plieasant
Stony
Thunderchild
Sweet (xrass
2
, 21
6
4
Total
917
466
397
54
Carlton Aijencii —
Bi" River ( Keneniotoyoos)
Kifi
14.0
253
130
44
229
178
60
65
5
2.50
210
57
"l06
9
35
81
31
"l30
2{)
18
12
20
Mistaw.isis
Alontreaj Lake
"3
Muskeg Lake (Petaquakey)
Pelican Lake
Sandy Lake (Ahtahkakoops)
"18
1
100
Wahpaton Sioux '.
25
Total
1205
587
150
301
167
Crooked Lake Agencii—
229
105
117
144
"
19
43
47
24
207
11
20
18
-3
51
Ochapowace
Sakimay and Little Bones
50
102
Total
59f>
133
256
206
Duck Lake Ayo. ci/ —
Beardy's'and' Okemasis
James Smith's
158
243
lii9
74
274
107
8
24.')
159
150
74
Nut Lake
One Vmiw
i
4
107
269
Total
1015
411
261
343
File Hills A'lcwv—
File Hill3 Colony
102
43
40
34
46
14
13
34
13
16
11
6
101
21
16
6
14
Little Black Bear
9
Okanees
8
Peepef'kesi.s
17
Star Blanket
26
Total
325
14
13
80
158
60
' No details for ages or religions of 124 Indians.
CENSUS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS.
and Districts, for the Year ended March 31, 1916.
Under
6
years.
From
6 to 15
inclusive.
From
16 to 20
inclusive.
From
21 to 65
inclusive.
From
65 years
upwards.
Change in
Population
during year.
Cause
..f
increase.
Couse
of
decrease.
1
6
■i
1
1
^
6
1
1
i
1
J
i
1
1
1
4
16
16
14
U
8
8
49
33
22
28
4
13
2
7
16
16
14
13
8
8
4^
33
22
28
4
13
'
4
7
13
7
10
7
20
8
8
9
15
6
24
11
15
11
9
12
16
8
9
7
12
7
4
l-J
17
8
8
12
13
8
6
10
8
6
5
4
2
1
6
9
8
4
8
1
3
31
12
23
27
37
21
21
31
27
20
24
28
35
20
19
34
1
2
6
4
4
3
2
5
9
o
10
8
' 6
6
3
3
10
1
12
4
7
4
""2
1
1
14
3
4
9
■■■:
4
3
7
4
10
3
i
?
9
1
■5
1
4
■3
8vS
103
75
82
38
46
203
207
- 27
48
38
3
56
31
38
14
24
22
25
13
10
24
14
6
2(1
IB
3H
16
9
32
18
11
^2
17
19
8
2
24
5
15
12
20
12
2
18
10
2
'I
11
4
15
16
2
18
8
23
14
4
10
15
3
23
31
45
27
1
46
30
12
26
30
54
29
10
58
50
15
1
1
5
i
1
5
2
2
4
" "l
1
2
25
■"'8
3
5
4
"3
"12
10
7
10
2
3
8
18
1
5
1
2
34
2
5
5
4
■3
2
2
"^3
1
6
2
2
16
"3
138
155
114
91
96
95
215
272
16
13
45
15
49
30
25
9
10
9
20
12
13
13
31
10
14
15
70
31
17
6
13
10
3
6
10
3
6
6
36
17
22
34
53
25
26
37
5
4
4
8
5
11
7
8
4
11
4
5
3
2
2
2
4
6
5
22
5
12
3
4
2
8
34
3
2
2
J
1
"2
53
58
67
21
25
109
141
20
31
8
4
23
6
3
I]
19
7
38
12
11
30
23
6
41
10
16
22
IS
8
30
IS
23
27
14
ji
29
7
10
12
12
3
14
6
10
11
16
4
e
' 29
46
22
15
51
28
24
21
58
25
5
9
7
2
3
2
9
4
3
2
4
4
4
4
16
4
"in
5
6
12
8
l(j
4
5
3
""'10
li
16
5
"8
3
124
121
107
105
57
49
191
206
28
27
.32
19
51
29
33
27
"2
2
24
i
27
5
4
15
3
7
3
5
2
3
1
1
1
5
4
2
38
8
7
6
10
28
9
12
13
12
4
2
4
4
2
5
2
10
1
"3
"2
1
13
1
1
2
2
6
2
2
2
1
■3
4
3
5
4
8
a4
32
^40
33
'
13
69
74
10
13
20
3
19
13
7
42
DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. 1—
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies
No.
in
Band.
Religion.
Agency and Band.
1
<
.2
i
1
1
1
<
Saskatchewan— Concluded.
Moose Mountain Agencv—
White Bear . . .
214
3
17
94
100
Moose Woods Reserve-
60
61
4
4
Onion Lake Agency —
Chitjewyan .
270
1.52
llii
88
163
34
239
270
140
rr
8
1.52
4
164
Frog Lake
Island Lake
12
16
""ii
"■73
89
Jo>ei»h Biphead's
80
Loon Lake
Onion Lake
30
2
Total
1,058
112
745
201
Pelly Afjcncy—
Cote
275
143
82
72
4
45
189
16
30
103
31
48
56
20
Kev
6
Valley River
8
16
Total
572
49
8
221
212
82
Qu'Appelle Agency—
Muscowpetung ...
Pasfjua
76
147
190
184
22
38
28
28
101
no
138
26
13
Piaj)ot
Standing Buffalo
52
46
Total
597
83
377
■ '22
34
134
27
137
Touchwood Agency—
Day Star's
75
120
22.5
166
141
1
2
1.50
21
'" '3
74
93
George Gordon's
MuHCowekwan'a
41
32
Pcwrman's ,
93
Total
727
174
3
217
333
Total, Saskatchewan Inspectorates i
7,625
1,816
82
760
3,024
94
1,725
>;o details of religions or ages of 124 Indians.
CENSUS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS
and Districts, for the Year ended March 31, 1916.
43
Under
C
years.
From
to 15
inclusi \ e.
From
16 to 20
inclusive.
From
21 to 65
inclusive.
From
65 years
upwards.
Change in
Population
during year.
Cause
of
increase.
Cause
of
decrease.
-3
1
A
^
•1
-1
B
^
1
•3
1
J
1
.1
1
1
1
.1
45
35
11
13
3
3
39
46
8
11
4
13
17
4
8
12
6
1
14
13
3
8
3
4
1
2
If)
18
8
24
2
35
29
20
16
10
23
3
32
35
8
8
8
21
2
15
38
13
19
5
19
3
19
5
5
2
5
2
3
H
6
3
2
2
2
3
8
49
34
23
22
28
48
61
37
10
24
20
8
50
3
6
2
5
1
8
11
12
6
4
13
2
15
8
7
8
8
6
5
8
6
5
i
15
5
10
3
4
1
12
....
1
2
5
f,
■■5
4
14
4
1
135
133
97
110
31
26
211
222
24
63
15
12
49
10
50
11
4
3
3
12
42
12
14
3
40
19
i)
6
40
14
11
14
28
10
13
20
9
3
9
8
2
3
43
28
11
17
42
30
14
19
1
5
3
3
10
8
2
13
" 1
3
4
19
6
4
1
7
2
1
1
2
5
5
3
71
74
" 7!t
58
32
22
99
105
12
20
13
8
30
11
21
15
3
10
10
12
9
15
17
16
8
15
15
14
5
13
14
11
2
1
I
16
3
2
5
9
10
20
62
48
19
35
49
41
5
9
11
6
15
10
"■■5
8
■■■■4
7
8
3
4
10
3
6
7
7
4
■3
47
57
52
43
24
19
142
144
32
37
13
11
18
14
23
1
7
9
16
28
8
16
26
"■■"20
7
21
32
"i9
6
5
24
""\7
3
4
4
5
6
2
9
3
18
22
4S
"27
11
28
43
"33
3
5
5
■■" 5
4
1
6
3
2
4
4
3
9
2
1
3
10
2
1
5
1
5
~7
259
2
86
90
94
73
19
28
152
149
19
17
14
1
31
4
5
841
882
765
700
330
33J
1,493
1,012
221
310
205
80
350
' 161
133
44
DEPAIiTMEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. 1—
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies
No.
in
Band
Religion.
Agency and Band.
1
<
.2
a.
i
1
1
.1
1
t
1 "
1
§3
II
'a
1
<
TkkaTV \<J 8 ISSPBCTOBATE—
Lessbr Slave Lake Agency.
Orouard District—
Driftpile River
183
34
85
223
122
6.0
Grouard
Sawridge
Sturgeon Lake
Sucker Creek
Swan River
Wabasca
342
116
142
403
12.5
58
52
1.38
Whitefish Lake
Peace River District —
Dunvegan and Grand Prairie
Hay River (up|)er)
Hudsons Hope
Moberley Lake
Peace River Crossing (Duncan's)
Red River
St. Johns
Vermilion, (Ambrose's)
Vermilion, (Tall Cree's) '.'.'.
157
13!)
71
'■::\
Total
2,455
Northern Division.
Fort McMurray District—
Athabasca Landing
McMurray, Crees and Chipewyaus .'
McMurray, Stragglers
"iii
14
94
119
244
146
194
19(i
9f;
235
348
421
'
Fort Nehon District—
Sicannies
Slaves
»
Great Slave Lake District—
Chipp\vyan8 of Smith
Chi))ewyans of Resolution
Dog Ribs of Ke.solution
Yellow Knives of Resolution ....
Slaves of Hay River .
Lak: Athabasca District—
Crees of Chipewvan
Chipewyans of Chi|)ewyan ...
Chipewyan of Fond du Lac (Sask.)
Total, Northern District
2,24S
Total, Treaty No. 8 Inspectorate >
4,703
\
■
1
1 1
1
' No details as to ages or religions of 4703 Ind
ians available
CENSUS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS
and Districts, for the Year ended March 31, 1916.
45
Under
From
f rom
I'^roni
From
Change in
Cartee
Cause
6
«to 15
]G to20
21 toG5
65 years
I\)|>u latum
of
of
years.
inclusive.
inclusive.
inclusive.
upwards.
during year.
increase.
decrease.
«
«
a
S
•—
■«
S
fe
1
1
1
S3
1
1
1
(2
1
1
1
1
^
m
1
i
Q
1
8
9
1
1
3
1
3
2
2
2
13
1
5
2
" 22
9
1
"'"5
9
2
22
8
■':;
4
1
4
4
4
10
3
2
2
13
1
3
1
9
8
2
1
24
■'kj
]
25
4
2
1
22
2
......
5
8
2
3
6
"is
5
8
2
5
3
1
3
1
80
30
94
03
55
58
....
'io
1
9
""5
'■'io
....^
1
3
9
82
6
87
5
6
30
3
8
12
2f
10
6
4
27
6
12
12
7
11
6
1
11
5
12
14
7
10
12
5
"
5
^
14
5
10
14
5
14
5
14
27
10
2fi
54
22
114
12
70
199
IK
.11
345
72
?03
279
54
2./5
408
127
2ri1
A6 DEPARTMEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. 1—
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies
No.
in
Band.
Religion.
Agency and Band.
.1
1
<
.2
t
c
1
.2
1
f
U
6
f
<
Isle a l.\ Crosse DisTRicrr.
Lac la Rotv/e District— {Treatu No. 6.)
243
325
236
352
....
Peter Ballendine's Band
Total
1,156
Treaty No. S—
Fort McMurray Indians
Fort McMurray Stragglers
s
Total
54
Treaty No. 10—
175
99
184
204
98
Clear Lake
English River
Lac la Hache
Total . . .
760
Total, Isle k la Crosse District'
1,970
Treaty No. 9.
Albany River District—
90
54.-^
139
452
Martin Falls
Osnaburg
Total
1,224
.. ..
...
James Bay District—
Fort Albany ,,
932
373
31
New Post
Total
i,33r.
*. . ..
Totel, Treaty 9 District'
2,500
No details of ages or religions of 1,970 Indians available.
No details of ages or religions of 2, .560 Indians available.
CENSUS
47
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS
and Districts, for the Year ended March 31, 1916.
1
Under
6
years.
From
6 to 15
inclusive.
From
IG to 20
inclusive.
From
21 10(55
inclusive.
From
65 years,
upwards.
Change in
Population
during year.
Cause
of
increase.
Cause
of
decrease.
JB
CO
a
V
1
"3
1
es
1
•1
t-i
J
1
1
a
1
•
9
1(1
■■■'8
"5
IG
6
8
18
2
10
1
1
3
5
14
11
6
27
5
48
14
33
7
.
'""e
]
1
7
]
• • ■
(;
1
7
]
1
■ ;;
]
5
6
23
9
4
9
8
7
4
1
21
1
8
3
3
6
4
24
58
i
4
.
_:_::
35
37
27
5
6^
C
85
48
13
4
1(1
5
9
4
24
7
21
10
5
16
14
4
13
10
3
15
28
56
31
-^1
35
11
1
?8
12
3
2
47
15
1
20
6
5
20
G
3
17
63
30
47
29
45
119
61
7«
57
48 DEPARTMEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. 1—
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies
No.
in
Band .
Religion.
Agency and Band.
.2
1
.5
'o
1
%
<
Northwest Tkruitoriks.
MnrJcfuzie Eivcr District—
125
368
217
120
]0(i
119
343
197
759
3G4
71
170
70
550
125
368
217
Kort (iood Hope (Hare Skins)
Fort Iji.ird (Slaves)
Fort Macplierson (Loncheux).
Fort Nelson (non-treaty Sicannies) ^
120
106
119
281
197
Fort Xelson (non-treaty Slaves)*
Fort Norman (Hare Skins)
62
YoTt ){ae ■-' . ....
125
239
F(jrt Wrigley (Slaves)
\
. ...
Trout lake (Slaves)
70
Total*
3 579
307|... .
1,793
Yukon.
CarcroHS
CO
200
250
30
50
100
43
50
250
14"
85
20«
64
60
Champagne and Teslin
Forty Mile
250
30
50
Lac Labarge
Lancing Creek (Slave.s)
100
ALiyo. . . ...
.50
250
140
85
Moosehide ....
Rampart House
Selkirk
Whitehorse
Total'
1,.528
915
100
^ Tlie.se Indians are living in British Columbia. - No details
aa to ages of 1,.528 Indians, or as to religions of 513 Indians available.
for these Indians available.
CENSUS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CENSUS.
and Districts, for the Year ended March 31, 1916.
49
Under
6
years.
From
7 to 1.5
inclusive.
From
16 to 20
inclusive.
Frum
21 to 65
inclusive.
From
65 years
njtwards.
Change in
Population
during year.
Cause
of
increase.
Cause
of
decrease.
4
1
?^
i
^
i
'I
re
H
S
a
1
1
1
3
1
!
12
34
23
8
10
32
18
9
6
2fi
7
13
35
21
14
14
18
47
31
14
45
21
13
22
- 14
48
16
6
13
7
6
7
4
10
17
6
8
11
5
8
4
18
8
28
79
51
27
14
27
66
60
20
88
57
28
21
29
81
49
4
15
1
5
2
4
9
2
3
19
5
1
2
9
1
5
""'3
"42
14
20
5
6
5
3
3
9
10
2
6
1
3
5
4
■52
11
10
29
4
■ 3
2
31
3^
6
51
6
47
5
20
1
15
2
71
23
73
14
11
2
7
3
1
11
2
3
4
1
■■3
5
5
9
8
5
2
16
17
2
178
164
259
253
96
87
462
486
57
58
23
44
7'*
48
52
^
1
1
• Estiuiated.
No details available as to ages or religions of 1,479 Indians available. ' No informa
50
DEPARTMEyT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
RECAPITULATION :-CENSUS OF
Arranged under Departmental Inspectorates, Agencies and
1
3
Religion.
Inspectorates and Distric's.
i
1
<
1
c
a
a:
« to
b c
O
1
<
Alljerta Inspectorate
5,531
J4.742
14,78-1
1,874
2,11H
20,896
302
I3,31&
7,625
4,703
2,500
1,970
3,579
1,.52S
792
4,459
-4,882
15
5,542
138
10
1,180
1,550
3,047
3, 131
4,517
• 571
562
12
2,096
12,441
2,432
1,874
2,093
6,347
302
8,63:^
3,024
1,793
100
345
432
1
.516
20
94
1,093
1,379
Manitoba Inspectorates
2,802
New Brunswick Inspectorate
Nova Scotia Inspectorate
Ontario Inhpectorate
Prince Edward Island Inspectorate
Quebec Inspectorate
1,207
121
1,816
307
915
453
82
7
760
1,725
Treaty No. 8 Inspectorate
Treaty No. 9 Insi)ectorate
Isle k la Crosse District
Northwest Territories
Yukon . . . .
Total Indian Population
105561
18,849
1,328
12,780
1,912
41,135
1,408
8,20{J
ESKIMOS.
Baffin Land—
Hud.son Strait
Frobisher Bay
Cape Haven
Blacklead Lsland
471
63
23
134
120
90
140
40
Home Bay
Pond Inlet
Admiralty Inlet
Total
1,087
Mainland—
Port Burwell
10!
500
30t
2O0
50C
35f
25t
....
Ungava l>ay
Hud.son Strait
Hudson bay (east side)
Hudson bay (west side) (including Chesterfielc
inlet)
Franklin Isthmus to LiveriXK-l Bay
Hershell Island and Mackenzie Delta and Coas
Total
2, 20 J
Total Eskimos
3,29e
Total Number of Indians and Eskimo
, 10885'
Note — No information available as to ages of 21,384
CENSUS
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
INDIANS AND ESKIMOS.
Districts, for the Year ended March 31, 1916.
51
Under
years.
From
6 to 15
incUisivo.
From
16 to 20
inclusive.
From
21 to 65
inclusive.
From
6;3 years
upwards.
Change in
Population
during year.
Cause
of
increase.
Cause
of
decrease .
1
1
»
1
S
a
i
^
Is
■1
S
4
-1
i
1
1
1
i
1
177
544
499
:;8
64
416
164
259
127
78
58
4S
1
573
1,898
1.352
160
159
1.552
26
929
841
622
1.787
1,384
153
222
1.610
28
l.OOS
882
164
527
2.148
1.592
156
242
1.849
36
885
76.'^
469
2,093
1,46S
162
22<t
1.759
32
923
700
338
1,283
1.046
77
132
1,350
17
572
336
9<;
310
1.301
914
62
139
1,249
18
541
335
87
1,249
5,353
2,722
316
438
4.565
61
1.950
1.493
462
1.276
5,256
3.060
314
403
4.648
56
1,934
1,612
486
56
505
373
59
88
414
15
256
221
57
111
568
468
39
67
425
13
241
316
5h
145
631
1,362
49
146
312
14
183
205
279
45
68
23
46
648
211
37
69
228
9
SO
54
6
44
231
605
620
67
89
539
6
312
356
205
119
85
79
108
395
1,438
35
128
308
10
74
161
408
61
48
63
473
408
62
76
347
2
43
133
261
57
13
178
259
253
52
7.668
7,755
8,459
8,088
5.247
4,956
18.609
19,045
2,044
2,306
3,462
1,432
3,313
3.174
2,472
1985
....
....
Indians, or as to religions of 19,943 Indians.
27-i-4i
52 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
RECAPITULATION :— CENSUS OF
Arranged under Provinces and Districts,
1
Religion.
Provinces and Districts.
i
<
1
%
i
£
6
1
16
o
i
<
Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
New Brunswick
8,682
25,737
11,935
1,874
2,119
26, 305
302
13,348
9,902
3,769
1,528
792
4,459
3,991
15
6,433
121
1,816
307
915
138
1,550
3,047
3,131
571
551
2,096
12,883
1,973
1,874
2,093
6,806
302
8,633
3,024
1,351
100
345
432
1
516
20
94
1,093
1,379
1.314
Nova Scotia
Ontario
10
1,180
4,517
453
82
23
7
760
2,695
Quebec
Saskatchewan
Northwest Territories
1,725
Yukon
Total Indian population
105561
18,849
1,328
12,780
1,912
41,135
1,408
8,206
ESKIMOS.
Baffin Liind—
Hudson Strait
Frobisher Bay
471
63
23
134
12b
90
140
40
Cape Haven
Blacklead Island
Keckerton I.sland
Home Bay
Pond Inlet
Admiralty Inlet
Total
1,087
Mainlands
Port Burwell
109
500
300
200
500
350
250
Ungava Bay
Hudnon Strait
Hud.son.s Hay (east side)
Hudsons Hay (west side, and including Chester
field inlet)
Franklin Lsthmus to Liverpool Bay
Her.-ihell Lsland and Mackenzie delta and coast
line
Total
2,209
Total Eskimos...
3, 296
— —
Total number of Indians and Eskimos
108857
No d(!tail3 available as to ages of 21,384 Indians, or as to religions of 19,943 Indians.
CENSUS
53
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
INDIA^^S AND ESKIMOS.
for the Year ended March 31, 1916.
Under
From
From
From
F
Mm
ChiinjjH in
Cause
Cause
B
6 to 15
16 to 20
21 to 65
65}
eai.s
Population
of
of
years.
inclusive.
inclubive.
inclusive.
upwards.
during year
Increase.
Decrease.
«•
V
6
s;
i
.2
o
1
^•
p2
1
-1
1
5
s
(S
t
a
1
.573
622
527
460
338
310
1,249
1,276
5C.
in
267
85
34'J
271
251
187
1,942
1,818
2,2dl
2. 150
l.-SOl
1,324
5,445
5,363
512
578
997
659
619
75y
570
494
1.125
1,1 66
1,227
1,109
92i
791
2,11b
2,369
317
391
1,.325
188
493
1,367
369
a54
100
153
156
162
77
62
316
314
59
39
49
37
67
35
38
52
159
222
242
221.
132
139
438
403
88
07
146
69
89
128
64
76
1,779
1,728
2.214
2,118
1,-I71
1,372
5,174
5,339
470
502
477
334
785
336
524
454
26
28
36
■32
17
18
61
50
15
13
14
6
10
2
929
1,003
885
923
572
541
1,950
1,934
256
241
183
9
312
74
164
48
841
882
765
700
330
335
1,493
1,612
221
316
327
140
463
323
329
270
134
133
206
19C,
78
64
37«'
379
50
4S
29
263
100
43
64
313
7.G68
7,755
8,459
8,088
5,247
4,956
18,609
19,045
2,044
2,306
3,814
1,784
3,313
3,340
2,373
225C
'—
. ...
!_'_!__
— '.
-11
....
54
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7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
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PROGRESS DURIXG THE YEAR
97
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
1
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27—1—7
DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
1
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Agency.
Manitoba— Concluded.
Clandeboye
Fisher River
Griswold
Manitowapah
Norway House
Pas
Total...
New Brunswick.
Northern Division—
Madawaska and Victoria Oonnties
Northeastern Division-
Gloucester, Kent, Northumberland, Restigouche and
Westmorland Counties
Southwestern Division —
Carleton, Charlotte, Kings, Queens, Sunbury, St. Johns
Total
Nova Scotia.
Annapolis County
Antigonish and Guysborough Counties
Cape Breton (Eskasoni)
Cape Breton (Sydney)
Colchester County
Cumberland County
Diebv Countv
>
E
6
J
PROGRESS DVRiyO THE YEAR
99
75 (X)
2,096 00
14,840 00
51,878 00
20,080 00
1,4.50 00
3,465 00
9,415 00
26,1.50 00
3,6.50 00
11,700 00
18,500 00
5,730 00
3,850 00
484,730 00
280,312 00
1,073,150 00
277,511 00
364,200 00
202, 134 00
168,552 00
250,572 00
1,590 00
125 00
730 00
685 00
450 00
4.34 00
80 00
7,640 00
880 00
900 00
10,670 OC
650 Of
12,570 00
2,475 00
1,250 00
8,2.50, Of
2,470 00
1,025 00
11,400 00
1,335 00
13,020 00
2,909 00
1,330 00
15,890 00
212,758 00
116,463 00
82,460 00
3,101,161 00
11,734 Of
37.645 00
49,379 00
•4
18,070 00
3,289 00
694 00
425 00
6,000 00
1,393 00
6,900 00
15,700 00
1,560 00
67,205 00
133, 419 00
20,232 00
130 00
125 00
925 00
5,.S00 Of
1,055 00
5,625 GO
22,053 Of
7,818 00
24,160 00
220,856 00
255 00
6.425 OC
6.680 00
104
DEPARTMENT OF INDTAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. 11— VALUE OF REAL AND PERSONAL
Agency,
Total Value
of Lands
in Reserves.
Value
of Private
Fencing.
Value
of Private
Buildings.
Value of
Public Build-
ings, property
of the Band.
Value of
Implements
and Vehicles.
Nova Scoti.a.
Annapolis County
Antigonish and Guysborough
Counties ...
Cape Breton (Eskasoni)
Ca[je Breton (.Sydney)
Colchester County
Cumberland County
Digby County
Halifax County
Hants County
Inverness County
Kings Count}'
Luuenburg County
Pictou County
Queens County
Riclimond County
Shelburne County
Victoria County
Yarmouth County ^
Total.
1,000
12,930
12,00.5
12,200
1,800
250
1,675
1,700
10,510
9,675
4,00;)
4,000
2,300
UnOO
7,000
330
609
40
OXT.^BIO.
Alnwick
Cape Croker
Caradoc
Chapleau
Chritian Island
Fort Frances
Fort William
Georgina Island ...
Golden Lake
Gore Bay
Kenora
Manitowaning
Moravian
New Credit
Parry Sound.
Rama
Rice Lake
Sarnia
Saugeen
Sank Ste. Marie. . .
Savanne
Scugug
Six rsations
Sturgeon Falls. . . .
The.ssalon
Tyendinaga
W alpole Island ....
Prince Edwaro Island.
Prince Edward Island
4,500
150
86,665
60,000
120,500
133,536
18,400
29,400
281,636
200,000
32,150
4,329
67,000
123,329
202,753
95,300
210,000
127,145
40,000
107,000
510,000
65,000
49,600
101,381
68,000
1,092, 400
241,680
133,958
645,300
68,160
4,827,957
50
265
500
1,020
100
320
280
50
350
500
275
1,200
1,700
8,750
7,500
1,775
300
1,800
1,380
5,000
8,900
2,000
7,855
6,000
2,310
3,800
1,400
1,810
125
63,605
4,900
2,300
850
1,100
785
850
500
14,770
357
14,930
5,800
8,600
1,300
3,000
2,700
6,970
1,700
2, .525
141
1,798
436,960
2,000
8,905
134,825
7,483
683,935
18,800
49,200
94,190
lO.bOO
7,500
20,000
45,610
6,425
2,725
2.5,272
7,770
55,460
30,600
41,400
18,875
15,250
32,700
35,520
12,000
27,000
5,220
2,(K)0
650,255
29,300
12,550
89,155
21,015
1,366,092
3,800
6,729
600
250
1,600
1,500
4,330
600
5,000
10,000
'3^266'
37,6
3,600
30,000
3,000
6,250
3,900
1.650
3,100
18, 400
265
22,9.50
5,000
8,900
19,000
1.3,200
8,800
17,000
18,500
25,600
90
500
55,000
11,000
9,600
39.300
324,608
1,630
YALUE OF REAL AND PERSOXAL PROPERTY, ETC. 105
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
PROPERTY AND PROGRESS DURING Y'E.AR— Continued.
Value of
Live Stock
and Poultry.
Value
of General
Efiecta.
Value
of Household
Effects.
Total Value
of Real
and Personal
Property.
Progress during Year 1915.
Value of New-
Land
Improvemen t.**
Value
of Buildings
Erected.
Total
Increase in
Value.
s
250
310
S
25
660
1,527
500
125
800
265
955
700
425
150
380
600
1,650"
650
300
%
135
350
1.211
500
300
700
600
1.240
2,000
SfW
250
1,800
600
250
700
500
500
S
2,725
20,075
35,471
21,300
4,640
2,750
6,072
6,72()
22,110
27,340
6,900
17,778
15,480
3,9S0
■ 25,275
3,190
11,835
275
$
$
S
2,1' 10
300
500
800
175
600
75
75
42
85
206'
550
85
800
i,66o'
4(X)
60"
60
100
340
100
300
26o"
610
100
1,940
400
220
323
600
663
600
100
975
11X1
2,600
2,900
1,000
30
50
80
10,912
9,712
12,496
233,922
1,290
4,983
6,273
3 000
1.365
690"
3,410
2,800
7,900
16,106
9-20
950
3,20/'
12,339
11,526
1,000
600
5,200
1,400
2,890
2,200
1,5(J0
9.750
12,893
3.i6
3,000
12,800
8,533
2,645
2,544
7,260
19,800
28,523
2,706'
8,5<J0
9.X30
2,200
2,000
13,987
15.115
30.610
lo/joo
10,000
16,0
1,2m
10,300
i:-t,2r»o
5,500
1,300
12,979
1,040
59,00<l
28,(MJ0
7,960
55,S00
8,6.^7
101,225
245,600
340,270
32,110
52,8.50
334,336
281,661
50,345
14,404
168,890
167,771
433,065
176,200
306,300
194,520
83,210
178,890
612,765
117,200
1.33,275
136,751
75,.5S5
2,715,415
340,980
191,432
1,094,126
138,774
100
300
625
100
17,800
300
44,275
.342
2,o66'
300
1.000
967
4,500
7,200
3,730
4,900
1,000
2, .300
5,000
1,418
4,30<J
.^,300
2,418
17,4(iO
5,273
59,884
20,0«JO
17.800
4,000
1,S60
9,2(J0
12,900
9,500
11,500
1,819
1,319
199.800
12,900
9,076
84,347
21,846
360
144
2,365
1,055
6!)0
2,595
600
950
4.000
1,415
834
4.960
600
400
. 280
1,.350
4,280
100
100
1,000
42
800
2,000
1,200
525
900
2,100
2,200
567
600
340
500
35,025
2.000
.375
1,600
35,625
2,340
875
1,600
586,829
127,824
387,511
8,717,950
9,873
63,158
73.031
1,500
2,000
3,000
44,434
300
100
400
106
DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. II.— VALUE OF REAL AND PERSONAL
Agency.
Total Value
of Lands
in Reserves.
Value
of Private
Fencing.
Value of
Private
Buildings.
Value of
Public Build-
ings, property
of the Band.
Value of
Implements
and Vehicles.
Quebec.
4,000
36,000
S
160
445
3,700
8,050
350
2,225
500
3,900" ■
825
4,205
12,000
1^356'
700
S
1,620
17,300
S
3,000"
289
Bersimis .
205
742,000
22,000
16,235
22,600
376,500
35,800
10,977
1,000
4,000
39,700
52,000
20,100
45,000
4,700
71,000
8,300
60,000
25,000
2,043
3,000
500
3,000
2,000
6,000
30,000
•Jeiine Lorette ....
1,700
Maniwaki . . . . ,
3.233
Maria
1,030
Oka
6,500
Pierreville
25,000
28,750
170,000
500
£28,425
22,700
500
Pointe Bleue
4,950
114,000
rieven Islands
1,500
15,000
1,400
St. Kegis
10,600
Timiskaraing
1,450
Total
1,318,210
38,410
687,997
122,443
174,457
SaSK.\TCHE\V.4N.
398,144
1.501,568
741,390
818,560
1,933,540
407,597
276,515
206,000
67,200
1,802,695
344,050
966,961
1,123,334
3,552
9,975
11,182
42,000
3,340
6,475
300
600
600
18,890
2,100
4,102
11,146
17,550
20,200
35,180
20,530
46,470
9,450
20,000
8,000
200
39,200
23,2.50
29,500
26,701
6,975
300
31,200
2,050
9,580
300
3,200
2,400
10,765
Battleford
Carlton
35,400
41,957
27,171
Duck Lake
31,264
File Hills \gency
14,800
File Hills Colony
11,000
Moose Mountain
8,000
1.50
Onion Lake
PeUy
Qu'Appelle
Touchwood ,
2,000
3,750
3,900
2,300
17,155
20,400
29,482
33,594
Total
10,587,557
114,262
296,234
66,955
281,138
VALVE OF REAL AXD PERSOXAL PROPERTY, ETC.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
ERTY AND PROGRESS DURING YEAR— Continued.
107
Value of
Live Stock
and Poultry.
Value
of (leneral
Effects.
.■5;
11
5,000
Value
of Household
Efifects.
59
6,500
Total Value
of Real and
Personal
Property.
Progress During Year 1915.
Value of
New Land
luiprovenient.s
8
Value
of Buildings
Erected.
Total
Increase in
Value.
630
S
6,760
69.950
3;700
1,338.050
96,850
52,659
31,330
13,500
74,000
98,087
100,805
379,0(J0
77,700
375,880
41,500
s
1 r>oo
59,500
1,000
6,486
900
2,000
1,000
5,400
.300
4,<XX)
8i2"
21,170
l.\000
59,004)
980
1,000
60.000
10,000
0.()60
2,000
5,000
4,400
14.800
8.700
14,000
12.000
14,275
3,200
2, .550
060'
25
1,500
585"
50
4,050
1,245"
75
16.5.XJ
100
400
'500
6,9;«)
9,000
34.'256"
•2,750
350
266'
1,100
1,450
4'o66'
150
■4,006"
350
141,596
115,673
160,994
2,759,780
3,885
7,785
11,670
32,047
101,130
125,735
48,489
99,395
26,800
33,05^
22,000
17,028
85,753
41,800
88,989
86,312
2,727
7,650
12,815
2.657
6,340
1,130
400
2,100
1"J0
3,835
3.000
2,755
8,750
4,000
13,900
12,213
7.200
16,780
5,2l'0
4,000
3..0(X>
500
7,500
10,200
9,425
13,950
475,760
1,690,123
1,011,672
968,657
2,146,709
471,772
348,467
2.52. 6' lO
85,778
1,981,028
448,5.50
1,134,117
1,306,090
7,840
1,225
5,199
6,733
950
250
1,565
800
300
3,879
1,980
1,426
1,560
1,885
2,(>50
3,575
675
2,745
270
9,725
3,875
8,774
7,408
3,695
520
1,565
2,000
200
4,429
3,100
15,140
950
^,800
500
8,308
5,080
16,. 566
2,510
808,530
58,259
108,383
12,321,.323
• 33,707
37,619
71,326
108
DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
TABLE No. II.— VALUE OF REAL AND PERSONAL
RECAPI
Province
Total Value
of Lands
in Reserves.
Value
of Private
Fencing.
Value of
Privaie
Buildings.
Value of
Public Build-
ings, property
of the Band .
Value of
Implements
and Vehicles.
Alberta
12,646,537
13,494,015
2,303,690
71,200
86,665
4,827,957
20,214
1,318,210
10,587,557
6.0,313
302,817
13,512
2,400
4,729
683,935
1,630
38,410
114,262
267,475
1,391,740
240,304
44,715
63,605
1,366,092
7,200
687,997
296,234
.5
154,785
405,820
49,005
42,550
37,609
324,605
8,000
122,443
66,955
215,827
288,670
82,969
New Brunswick
5,960
8,194
413,197
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
890
174,457
Saskatchewan
281,138
Total
45,356,045
1,227,008
4,365,362
1,211,772
1,471,302
VALUE OF REAL AND PER SOX AL PROPERTY, ETC. 109
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
PROPERTY AND PROGRESS DURING YEAR— Concluded.
TULATION.
Value of
Live Stock
and Poultry.
Value
of General
Effects.
Value
of Household
Effects.
ToUl Value
of Real and
Personal
Property.
Progre
S.S During Year 1915.
Value of
New Land
Inipruvenients
Value
of Buildings
Erected.
Total
Increase in
Value.
S
$
- .
.s
s
•s
S
93 J, 627
24,408
61,513
14.370,485
17,937
10,745
34,682
%1,287
422,139
399,690
17,666,178
45,460
41,625
87,085
212,758
116,463
82,460
3,101,161
11,734
37,645
49,379
2-2,053
7,818
24,160
220,856
255
6,425
6,680
10,912
9,712
12,496
233,922
1,290
4,983
6,273
586,829
127,824
387,.m
8,717,950
9,873
63,158
73,031
i,r>oo
2,000
3,000
44,434
300
100
400
141,o9t!
115,673
160,994
2,759,780
3,885
7,785
11,670
808,530
58,259
108,388
12.321,323
33,707
37,619
71,326
3,680,092
884,206
1,240,212
59.436,089
124,441
216,085
340,526
110
DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
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DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
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SCHOOL STATEMENT
27— i— 8^
116 DEPARTMEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
SCHOOL
Statement of Indian Day Schools in the Dominion (from which returns
Note.— The 'Standard' indicates the classification of the pupils according to the reading-book
curriculum, thus :—
Standard I First Reader, Part I
11 n Part II
II III Second Reader
School.
Reserve.
Agency.
Teacher.
Denomination.
Nova Scotia.
Bear River
Eskasoni
Digby County
CapeBretonCounty
Cumberland County
Pictou County . . .
Victoria n ...
Colchester .. ...
Lunenburg n ...
Richmond « ...
Inverness n ...
Hants .1 ...
Kings 11 ...
Halifax .i . . .
Antigonish n ...
Miss Agatha Mc-
Ginty
.Tames McNeil
Miss Eileen Boyle. . .
Miss Annie J. Lock-
hart
Miss Nellie A. Yorke.
Miss Ruey E. Teed..
Miss Gertrude Mc-
Girr
.John A. McNeU....
Miss Jessie Scott
Mis-, E. B. Julian. . .
Ernest L. McNeil . . .
Mt.s. Annie McNeil.
John A. Gillis
Miss Mary A. Shortt.
Miss Elizabeth A.
Woodworth
George F. Richardson
William J. Rogers..
Eskasoni
Roman Catholic... .
,,
»Halfvv^ay River
Franklin Manor.
"
Indian Cove
Middle River
Fisher's Grant. .
Middle River . . .
Millbrook
Lunenburg
Salmon River . .
Malaga watch....
>Vhycocomagh..
Indian Brook . . .
at Bishopville...
at Tufts Cove . . .
Afton
Millbrook
New Germany . . .
-1
Salmon River
1,
'^Malaga watch . .
Whycocomagh
Shubenacadie
: ;;;;
Tufts Cove
Afton
" • • • •
Total Nova Scotia
Prince Ed\v.\rd Island.
Lennox Island
Lennox Island . .
Rocky Point....
P. E. I. Superin-
tendency
'Rocky Point
Total, Prince Edward
Peter Scully
Island.
New Brunswick.
Church Point...
Big Cove
Fort Folly
Eel Ground .....'
Eel River
Red Bank
Kingsclear
Oromocto ... . .
St. Mary's
Woodstock
Edmundston
Tobique
Northeastern
Southwestern
Northern
Mis.s Harriet E.Keat-
ing
Miss Alice Mc-
Big Cove
Roman Catholic...
» Beaumont, S.S. No. 15 . . .
Miss Emerise Cor-
Eel Ground :
Miss Margaret
Isaacs
Miss Marie LeBlanc.
Miss Ena A. Coimier
Miss Florence
O'Brien -
Eel River.
Red Bank
"
-
Oromocto
St. Mary's
Mrs. B. J. McCaffrey
MissM. T. Hughes.
Miss Genevieve
Brophy
Miss Annie Miehaud.
Miss Ethel F. Mc-
Grand . .
Woodstock
Edmundston
1,
Tobique
Total, New Brunswick.
White school attended by Indian children.
New school, opened during October, 1915.
Open from August to December, I'.tlo, only.
SCHOOL sTATEMEN'i' 117
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
STATEMENT.
have been received) for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 19iC.
used and, therefore, shows the degree of general advancement in all thi; studies jirescribed by the
Standard IV Third Reader.
V Fourth M
VI Fifth
Number on
Roll.
>
<
Standard.
i
_2
1
I
II
Ill
IV
V
VI
School.
8
13
15
4
3
3
14
14
10
9
18
6
8
3
2
6
21
3
11
12
2
1
1
12
9
7
6
14
3
15
13
3
8
21
11
24
27
6
4
4
26
23
17
15
32
9
23
16
5
14
42
7
13
15
3
1
I
18
11
5
9
10
3
11
6
5
17
5
17
12
2
4
3
8
14
10
7
15
6
10
3
1
4
23
.....
8
1
"l
7
4
1
1
6
7
7
1
1
9
2
5
3
2
2
1
6
2
4
1
2
9
40
1
4
1
1
4
2
1
4
"2
6
""6
1
i
"' i
2
2
1
... ^.
3
2
4
■ 2
3
2
Nova Scotia.
Bear River.
Kskasoni.
Sydney.
'Halfway River.
'New Pro8|iect.
'Springhill Junction.
Indian Cove.
Middle River.
MiUbrook.
New Gt rniany.
Salmon River.
^M lagawatch.
Whycocomagh.
Shubenacadie.
'Bi.^hopviUe.
Tufts Cove.
Afton.
157
141
298
137
144
55
33
10
16
Total, N»va Scotia.
20
4
19
5
39
9
17
6
24
6
8
3
4
3
Princk EnwAKn Island.
Lenno.K Island.
'Rocky Point.
24
24
48
23
23
13
2
18
16
10
16
12
18.
7
12
27
30
11
4
3
Total, Prince Edward Island.
24
IG
3
21
18
3
17
14
8
15
11
18
3
6
17
45
34
6
80
22
13
22
21
28
12
14
38
21
14
3
15
9
5
3
9
11
2
1
12
6
13
1
9
8
8
4
5
5
4
11
8
5
1
4
5
4
8
2
3
6
6
2
1
2
6
4
1
4
3
6
4
4
New BRU.vswifK.
Burnt Church.
Big Cove.
'Beaumont, S.S. No. 15.
13
Eel (;round.
8
Eel River.
5
7
10
10
9
8
2
3
Red Bank.
Kingsclear.
Oromocto.
St. Mary's.
\yood8tock.
21
5
Tobique.
134
151
285
174
105
81
46
39
14
Total, New Brunswick.
118 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
SCHOOL
Statement of Indian Day Schools in the Dominion (from which returns
School.
Quebec.
Caughnavvaga (Boyw).
(Girls) .
(Bush)
(St. Isidore"
(Mission). .
Bersimis
'Escoumains
Pointe Bleue.
Ristigouche.
St. Francis (Prot.).
„ (R.C.) .
St. Regis Island . . .
II Village..
Chenail
Chetlaiu
Cornwall Island.
Oka Country . . .
Congo Bridge. . .
Maniwaki
Maria
Lorette .
*Long Point
*Waswanii>i
Tiniiskaming. . .
'Hunters Point
^WolfLake
Ruperts House
*Ste. Lucie de Doncaster.
Total, Quebec.
Caughnawaga.
Bersimis.. ....
At Escoumains.
Pointe Bleue.
Ristigouche
Pierreville.
St. Regis..
Oka
Maniwaki
Maria ,
Lorette.
At Long Point .
At Waswanapi. .
Tiiniskaming. . .
At Hunters Pt.
At Wolf Lake . .
At Rupert House
Doncaster .....
Agency.
Caughnawaga.
Bersimis.
Pointe Bleue .
Ristigouche. . .
Pierreville
St. Regis
Oka.
Maniwaki
Maria
Lorette -{
Timiskaming
Tames Bay District
Doncaster
Teacher.
Sister Mary Edward
^(Prin.)
Sister Mary Edward
(Prin.)
Mrs A. Beauvais
Mrs J. Smith Twoaxe
Miss Margaret Matt-
hews .
Sister St. Eugene
' 'i.ss Ermentine Du-
mas
Sister M. Antoinette
(Prin.).... ..
Sister St. Louis (Asst)
Sister Mary of the
Holy Rosary (Prinr)
Sister Mary of St.
Joseph ( Asst. ) . . .
H. L. Masta... ,
Sister Ste. Ildefonse.
Miss Lilliar McGoey
Miss Nellie Keon. . .
Mi.ss Catherine Mc-
Caffrey
Mrs Peter A.McDon-
ald
Miss M. O'Hare
MissL. E. Dickenson
Miss Helen J. White
Miss Margaret Mc-
Caffrey ....
Mias Josephine Au-
det
Sr. St. Jean Berch-
nians (Prin.)
Sr. St. Agathe(Asst.)
Miss Jane E. Wabie.
Harry Cartlidge ....
Sister Monica
Miss Bertha L. Cap-
pelain
Miss Agnes Robinson
Rev. P. C. Howard..
M-s Henry Viger, jr.
Denomination.
Roman Catholic.
Methodist
Roman Catholic.
Anglican . ...
Roman Catholic.
Ui, denominational
Methodist
Undenominatignal
Roman Catholic.
Anglican
Roman Catholic
Anglican
Roman Catholic.
* White school, attended by Indian children,
opened November, 1915.
* Open during the summer only.
New school,
SCHOOL STATEMEyT
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
STATEMENT— Continued.
have been received) for the Fiscal Year ended ^March 31, 1916.
119
Number on
Roll.
1
Standard.
1
^•
1
ll
>
<
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
School.
QCEBEC.
150
150
107
75
39
12
15
9
Cauglinawaga (Boys).
i-i
150
14
12
1^0
28
21
107
22
16
96
6
6
18
12
9
"5
4
20
5
2
16
(Girls).
(Bush).
9
(St. Isidore).
9
33
15
27
7
24
60
12
10
33
10
23
27
12
"ik
1
18
(Mission).
5
Escoumains.
48
50
98
43
51
12
11
10
10
4
Pointe Bleue.
37
41
78
48
25
18
19
10
6
Ristigouche.
4
33
18
34
6
39
U
29
10
72
29
63
5
53
22
46
3
20
13
30
1
15
5
11
2
21
6
8
"""5
3
10
4
7
2
4
■■■■4
St. Francis (Prot.)
(R.C.)
St. Regis Island.
„ Village.
27
20
47
27
30
10
5
1
1
Chenail.
18
33
16
9
19
17
18
12
13
37
50
34
21
22
20
23
13
10
11
27
27
7
9
6
15
fi
5
3
6
6
3
5
1
2
8
2
4
■■■3
'4
Chetlain.
Cornwall Island.
Oha Country.
Congo Bridge.
Maniwaki.
9
1
15
10
25
14
4
4
8
6
1
2
Maria.
26
44
70
65
31
10
19
10
Lorette.
6
15
14
12
16
18
18
31
32-
21
12
18
31
7
...._
■■9
.....
■■■4
*Long Point.
' Was wan i pi.
Timiskaming.
5
9
6
16
15
6
10
23
20
15
16
15
18
10
13
3
1
8
7
4
4
5
4
5
2
3
4
4
2
"e
'Hunters Point.
*\V(.lf Lake;
Ruperts House.
609
647
1256
802
609
243
KS5
1.31
49
39
Total, Quebec.
120 DEPARTMEyT OF IXDIAy AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
SCHOOL
Statement of Indian Day Schools in the Dominion (from which returns
School.
Ontario.
Alnwick
->-Cape Croker
>Port Elgin
;^Sy(lney Bay
>Back Settlement.
"^Bear Creek
w Oneida, No. 2
> ., No. :j
^ River Settlemrnt
•Biscotasing, S.S. No 1
^ SManitou Rapid.s
5(Georgina Island
•JGolden Lake
'Calabogie, S.S. No. 5.
^Sheshegwnning (R.C.).
^ ,. (Prot.).
p.. 'Cockburn Island
y West Bay
^ Sheguiandah
'^ South Bay
^ Sucker Creek
Buzwah
Whitefish Lake.
^ Wikweniikong
jr MoravianUjwn
^New Credit
■^(iiUmn
• Henvey Inlet. .
^ Ryerson
^Shawanaga
^'Christian Island
^ Lake Helen
.„Mi.sHion Bay (Squaw Bay)
•^ Mountain Village
'^ "Moljert
^Pic River
•^PayBPIat
'lull Bay
^ J Jama.
'Hiawatha
Reserve.
Alnwick. ...
Cape Croker .
Caradoc .
Caradoc .....
At Biscotaaing
Manitou Rapids,
lieorgina Island.
Golden Lake
At Calabogie . .
Sheshegwaning .
Cockburn Island
West Bay
Sheguiandah...
South Bay
Sucker Creek .
Buzwah
Whitefish Lake
Manitoulin Isl.
Moravian
New Credit. . .
Watha...
Henvey Inlet.
Parry Island . .
Shawanaga
Christian Island.
Red Rock . . .
Foit William . .
Heron Bay.
Pic Ri ver . .
Pays Plat. .
Gull Bay..
Rama.
Rice Lake .
Agency.
Alnwick. . . .
C'ape Croker
Caradoc .
Chapleau
Fort Frances..
Georgiua Island /■•
Golden Lake . . .
Gore Bav
Man i tow
Moravian
New Credit.
Parry Sound
Teacher.
Frank J. Joblin. . .
Miss Mary Moffitt
Thomas Jones
Miss Isabella Mclver
Lyman Fisher
Miss Annie McDou-
gall
>fLevLT. Doxtator. ..
TtMiss Viola Sims, B. A
Miss MaryC. Vining
Miss Irene M.
Macgregor
Mrs. A. Spencer . . .
iVIrs. A. J. Taylor.. .
Miss Catherine M.
Goulet..*.
Miss Kathleeu
Cusick
Miss Elizabeth
J^euseh
Edwin Weeks
Miss Susie A. Fex..
Miss Clotilda Lafer-
riere
aning. ./:iW. D. Murray
Christian Island
Fort William . . .
Rice Lake
}
Miss Rose Fagan. . . .
Mi.<^sM. C. Schultz .
Miss Lila A. Dcdd. .
Mrs. Jos. Jalbert, jr.
Miss Adele Duhamel
(Prill.)
Miss Kelly (Asst.) ..
./.4A. Bcith Gardiner..
.Kenneth B. Cragg .
Miss SaraStejihenson
•lo.seph Partridge.. . .
Miss Frances E.
Munt
Miss Creasor
J^eorge Wight
Miss C. Harrison
Miss Rose Chaput . .
.Miss AnnieO'Brien.
Mrs. E. Gillis
.Miss J ulia Larche. . .
Mrs. X. McLaren. . .
D. Duchatme
.Miss E\a N. McBain
(Prin.)
Miss R. Waite (Asst)
Miss M ina E. Throop.
Denomination.
Methodist
Undenominational.
Angl'can ,
Methodist
Undenominational.
Ang! loan . .
Methodist.
Roman Catholic. .
Anglican
Roman Catholic.
Anglican ......
Roman Catholic.
Anglican
Roman Catholic.
Undenominational.
Methodist
Undenominational.
Methodist
Roman Catholic. .
Methodist r
Undenominational..
(') White school attended by Indian children. (2) Re-opened March 13, 1916, having been closed
since December 31, 1913. (») Open during the summer only. («) Closed September quarter, 1915 ; no
teacher. (') New school, opened September 1, 1915. (•') Re-opened January 1, 1916. (") New school,
opened August 1, I9I5.
SCHOOL STATEMEXT
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
STATEyiE^T—ConlinueH.
have been received) for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1910.
121
Number on
Roll.
1
|i
Standard.
.ScIkkjI.
X
^•
1
I
IT
Ill
IV
V
VI
OXT.MUO.
33
27
23
3
16
25
9
IH
8
20
58
36
39
11
36
27
25
25
6
19
21
16
20
3
19
9
2
18
8
4
3
5
6
8
4
1
8
4
4
2
2
4
Alnwick.
Cape Croker.
Port Elein.
Sydnry Bay.
liack Settlement.
10
23
23
30
25
15
33
53
47
29
16
22
17
12
13
38
43
14
2
9
3
5
7
5
1
6
8
1
3
Bear Creek.
Oneida, No. 2.
No. 3.
River Settlement.
oo
14
4
2
15
2
15
8
4
30
23
3
24
IR
4
29
12
... ..
'Biscntasing, S.S. No. 1.
'Maniton Rapids.
Georgina Lsland.
15
7
3
1
16
13
29
16
14
3
4
5
3
Golden Lake.
5
6
n
5
5
3
1
1
1
■Calabogie, rf.S. No. 5.
7
11
6
9
6
8
17
10
11
9
11
35
16
17
14
37
16
25
15
22
25
90
12
12
8
15
10
11
13
11
13
40
5
2
14
28
fl
9
4
. 18
18
61
5
5
"■"5'
4
4
2
1
Sheshepwaning (R.C.).
(Prot.).
'Cockbum Island.
West Bay.
She^iiiandah.
South Bay.
Sucker Creek.
Bnzwah.
WhiteHsh Lake.
Wikwemikong.
20
4
1
6
6
3
5
9
4
6
5
4
1
2
11
1
14
6
15
4
1
1
. ...
14
55
7
2
1
-J
""2
47
12
8
10
32
20
9
6
17
15
16
16
8
15
16
13
10
9
79
32
17
14
27
26
32
2«
20
36
27
21
18
22
35
16
8
8
13
12
14
7
10
19
13
8
15
11
30
9
9
7
22
14
15
17
V.i
13
23
15
13
20
24
10
2
... ..
4
I
3
5
4
5
4
2
Ic
7
4
3
4
7
10
2
3
11
5
1
1
2
5
3
1
2
Moraviantown.
New Credit.
Gii son.
Henvey Inlet.
Ryerson.
Shawanaga.
^Christian Island.
Lake Helen.
.Mission Bay (Squaw Bayi
Mountain Village.
■Moliert.
Pic River.
"Pays Plat.
'Gull Bay.
Rama.
11
1
5
1
1
5
16
10
12
1
1
21
2
n
8
1
1
8
13
28
27
55
35
23
14
8
3
'
12
19
10
3
3
7
1
5
'Hiawatha.
122 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
SCHOOL
Statement of Indian Day Schools in the Dominion (from which returns
School.
Ontario. — Concluded.
^Mud Lake (Chemong).
^Kettle Point
•*Stony Point
St. Clair
^<>ench Bay
3»Scotch Settlement. . , .
"^Batchawana . .
^Garden River (R. C).
^ Ooulais Bay
^Scugog S. S. No. 3
Six Nations, 1^0. 1. .
-No. 2.,
Anglican..
harden Village.
' Malta wa . . .
^Tiuiagami
Mississagi River.
'.•Thessalon
t'Abitibi
Albany River (C.E).
» Fort nope
*, French Post
^ Moose Fort .
*Osnaburg . .
^Tyendinaga (Eastern)..
•^ .. (Western). .
^ ti (Central). . .
^ II (Mission) . .
^ Walpole Island, No. 1.
^ "• '• .2-
Total Ontario ....
Reserve. Agency.
Mud Lake . .
Kettle Point.
Stony Point .
Saugeen .
Batchawana . .
Garden River.
Goulaia Bay. .
Scugog Island.
Six Nations. . .
Nijnssing
Mattawa
Bear Island. . . .
•Mississagi River
Thessalon. . .
\t Abitibi .
At Fort Albany
At Fort Hope. '.
At Moose Rivei
At Moose Fort.
At Osnaburg. . .
Tyendinaga
Walpole Island
Rice Lake.
Sarnia
Saugeen
Sault Ste Marie .
Scugog
Six Nations .
l^
Sturgeon Falls. /.
Thessalon
Treaty No. 9.
Tyendinaga.
Walpole Island./.-
Teacher.
Denomination.
Mrs. Wm. J. Hanes,
Mr.=.. Angus George..
Miss Agnes A. Wea-
ver
Miss Alice M. Mat
thews
T. J. Wallace. . .
Miss Isabella Ruxton
Mrs..B. Robb....
Miss M. Mercier .
Mi.ss Tackney, (1st
teacher), Miss Mc
Dermott, (2nd
teacher)
L. F. Hardyman. . .
Miss Annie O'Connor
C. G.Hayes
Miss Mary H. Jamie-
Elmer Jamieson
(Prin.) : Miss E
Alexander (Asst.),
C . E. Scragg
MissMinaE. Marten
S. A. Anderson. . . .
John R. Lickers
Miss Alma Marten.
Elam D. Bealfoot...
Jesse M. Moses
Miss Julia L. Jamie-
son
Victor A. E. Ellis . .
Miss Ellen Ratehford
Sister St. Peter
Miss Mary (J. Honan
Miss Margaret Tolly
Miss L. Shaddeau. . .
Mrs. Mary A. Mc-
Donald .
Rev. J. T. Griffin . . .
Rev. E.Richards...
Fred Marks
Miss Lucy J. Barker.
S. N. Dixon
Miss Flossie M. Hall
Miss Ethel M. Picard
MissF. Fletcher....
Alex. Leween. . . .
Miss S. E. Wilson. . .
Miss M. Warnock. . .
Undenominational .
Methodist
Undenom inational .
Roman Catholic...
Anglican
Roman Catholic. . ,
Undenominational.
Roman Catholic —
Undenominational.
Roman Catholic. . ,
Anglican
Undenominational.
Anglican .
Methodist.
> White school attended by Indian children. ^Open during the summer only.
June 30, 1915. * Open only 67 days during the jear.
'Closed from
SCHOOL STATEMENT
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
STATEMENT— Confmued.
have been received) for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1915.
123
Number on
Roll.
i
1
<
I
i.
S
i
>
S
o
e^
<
19
20
39
22
22
>»
10
32
14
17
4
11
15
7
11
?,]
13
34
In.
. 22
18
13
•31
25
19
Ifi
10
26
17
10
27
16
4i-
21.
12
12
8
20
6
10
3G
36
72
31
29
15
9
24
13
10
9
11
20
11
8
3
4
7
3
26
34
GO
30
28
46
46
92
43
39
28
28
56
28
25
11
12
23
9
8
17
18
35
17
17
19
12
31
14
9
?.o
42
72
27
32
2<)
22
42
20
19
18
18
36
16
20
33
25
58
24
2i;
38
23
61
23
36
tr
fft
36
21
8
33
28
61
41
24
IS
5
2:J
14
20
10
5
15
7
8
3
4
7
5
3
22
18
40
15
28
40
38
78
22
(^6
27
25
52
16
52
9
8
17
6
8
13
8
21
14
16
23
31
54
la.
46
27
ST
22
20
15
12
27
17
10
23
5
.28
9
9
25
22
12
37
f
Mr
24
41
20
20
40
24
27
1444
1320
2764
1352
1509
Standard .
Ill
IV
School.
Mud L.ike (Cheniong).
Kettle Point.
Stony Point.
St. Clair.
French Bay.
Saugeen.
Scotch Settlement.
Batchawana.
Garden River (R.C.)
11 Anglican.
Goulais Bay.
Scugog S.S. No. 3.
Six Nations No. 1 .
8.
9.
10.
11.
Garden Village.
"Mattawa.
^imigami.
Mis.«i8sagi River.
'Thes.«alon.
2.\bitibi.
Albany River.
Fort Ho|)e.
French Post.
Moose Fort.
^Osnaburg.
Tyendinaga (Ea.stern).
(Western).
„ (Central).
II (Mie-sion).
Walpole Island No. 1.
Total, Ontario.
124 DEPARTMEyT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V. A. 1917
SCHOOL
Statement of Indian Day Schools in the Dominion (from which returns
School.
Manitoba.
Black River
Brokenhead
Fort Alexander (Upijcr).
HoUowwater River
'Patapun
St. Peters (North).
Berens River
Fi.sher River
2Deer Lake
Grand Ra|)ids
'Peguis (North)
Peguis (South)
^Po]>lar River
Oak Rixer Sioux .
Ebb and Flow Like.
Fairford (Upper)
Fairford (Lower)
^Fairford (Improved).
Lake Manitoba
Lake St. Martin
Little Sa-skatchewan .
«Pine Creek
Shoal River
Waterhen River
'Bloodvein River. . .
Cross Lake (Prot.) .
^Cross Lake (R.C.).
*I.sland Lake
Jack River
Oxford House
Nekson House
Rossville
"York Factory . . .
Big Eddy...:
Chemawawiii
Cumberland
Moose Lake
Pas
Red Earth
Shoal Lake • • •
Lower Roseau River.
Ro.seau Rapids
Swan Lake.r
Reserve.
Total, Manitoba ,
Black River . .
Brokenhead. . . .
Fort Alexander
H o 1 1 o w w a t er
River
St. Peters
Agency.
Clandeboye.
Berens River.
Fisher River
Fisher River
...^
Deer Lake. . .
(irand Rapids-
Peguis
Poplar River
Oak River
Ebb and Flow
Lake
Fairford
Gr is wold
Manitowapah.
Lake Manitoba. .
Lake St. Martin.
Little Saskatche-
wan
Pine Creek
Shoal River. . .
Waterhen River.
Bloodvein ... .
Cross Lake ... .
Island Lake
Jack River.. .
At Oxford House
A t Nelson . . .
Norway House. .
At York Factory
Pas
Chemawawin
Cumberland .
Moose Lake .
Pas
Red Earth . . .
Pas
Roseau River.. ,
Roseau Rapids.
Swan Lake. . . .
Norway House.
Pas
Portage-la-Prairie,
George Slater
John Sinclair
Rev. Chs. H. Fryer
lith . . .
Teacher. Denomination.
Rev. G. L. S
M. Eaton
Peter Harper .
Mrs. J. H. Lowes. . .
William G. Stevens,
(teacher).
Miss Mildred N. Car
ter (asst.)
Elijah Sinclair. . .
Nathan Settee
A. H. Packer
Henry J. Frances. . ,
William Lee
Miss RowenaHavard
Miss B. A. Adam.
Rupert Bruce
Colin Sanderson . .
A ugustus Hyson . .
R. P. Martel
Jno. E.'Favell ..
Colin Sanderson . .
Rev. G. Leonard .
T. D. Conlin
Jos. 1 nglott
Joseph A. Everett
Miss Irene Gaudin . .
Sister Marguerite
Marie . . .
John Moar
Mrs. Mabel Marshall
Wm. G Brislev
W.E.W.Hutly.B.A
Miss Emily N.Royan
Miss Ida E. Collins
Robert J. Thomas. .
Richard G. V. Cooper
•loseph Chamberlain
John G. Kennedy . .
M. Chambers
Francis Daniels
Louis Young ...
Miss Emma Godin .
Miss Olive E. Leslie
Miss Jessie G. Bruce
Anglican
Undenomi nation al
Anglican
Methodist
Anglican
Methodist.
Anglican . .
Roman Catholic.
Anglican
Roman Catholic.
.Anglican
Roman Catholic.
Anglican
Roman Catholic.
Methodist
Roman Catholic
Metho-list
.Anglican
MethoUist
Anglican
Roman Catholic . . .
Undenominational
Presbyterian
1 White school attended by Indian children.
1914. 'New day school opened February, 1916.
2 Open during the summer only. ^ dosed from April
"Day pupils attend classes in the Boarding School.
SCnOOL STATEMENT 125
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
BTATE^SIE^T.— Continued.
have been received) for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1916.
Number on
Roll.
i
•
Standard.
_x
1
1'
School.
i
I
II
HE
IV
V
VI
i
'■^
H
<
M.\NITOBA.
8
10
14
8
10
10
10
20
24
7
It)
12
12
15
2
1
4
4
1
3
"1
Black River.
Brokenhead.
Fort Alexander.
6
23
11
13
16
21
17
36
26
51
7
14
13
18
13
21
12
45
2
1
3
2
5
7
6
"1
3
....
Hollowwater River.
'Patapun.
Si. Peters (North.
Berens River.
10
30
1
49
38
87
32
65
13
9
Fisher River.
26
15
24
31
17
14
15
19
21
16
15
14
41
34
45
47
32
28
27
14
10
15
11
14
41
24
31
25
30
12
' 7
7
8
2
11
""z
4
6
■■'5
' '3
6
""2
» Deer L.ake.
Grand Kapid.^.
' Peguis (Xurth).
Pegu is (.South).
^ Poplar River.
Oak River Siou.x.
14
6
13
14
10
10
6
12
14
17
9
18
20
18
27
31
19
28
10
6
7
25
4
20
11
14
18
22
17
20
4
4
5
6
2
5
4
"3
3
"2
1
....
""1"
Ebb and Flow Lake.
Fairford (Upper).
Fairford (Lnsver).
= Fairford (Improved).
Lake Manitoba.
Lake St. Martin.
21
13
25
9
20
18
24
9
19
i
18
45
22
44-
12
43
36
12
19
29
5
15
10
34
10
34
8
34
25
8
8
10
2
7
4
3
3
' 2
2
2
....
■■|
Little Saskatchewan.
6 Pine Creek.
Shoal River.
Waterhen River,
'bloodvein River.
Cross Lake (Prot.).
9
8
5
8
10
12
11
12
18
5
14
14
10
11
13
8
8
17
8
21
25
17
25
35
23
27
10
26
23
27
18
22
19
16
11
6
6
5
8
15
14
13
10
4
9
13
14
14
7
6
4
12
8
14
25
17
12
35
19
22
10
19
17
18
14
18
11
9
5
'"5
" 11
4'
5
'I
\
4
6
2
.....^
■ -■■*
2
2
■ 1
4
^Cross Lake (R.C.).
3
13
''Island Lake,
•lack River.
15
5
14
18
11
9
5
11
" i
1
::::
O.xford Hi)use.
Xelson House
Rossville.
9 York Factory.
Big Eddy.
Cheniawawin.
Cumljerland.
Moose Lake.
9
17
7
9
11
8
Pas.
Red Earth.
Shoal Lake.
Lower Roseau River.
Roseau Rapids.
Swan Lake.
624
583
1207
520
887
137
94
30
4
10
Total, Manitoba.
30 to October 25, 1915. No teacher. * Re-opened August 16, 1915, having been closed since June 30,
' Closed from June 30, 1915. » Re-opened September 1, 1915. » Only one quarterly return received.
126 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
SCHOOL
Statement of Indian Day Schools in the Dominion (from which returns
School.
Reserve.
Agency.
Teacher.
Dt^nomination.
Sask.\tchewa.\.
Absiniboine
Assiniboine
Little Pines
Moosomin
Poundniakers. . .
Red Ptieasant. . .
.Ahtahkakoops. .
Kenaiiiotayoos. .
Meadow Lake . .
Mistawasis
Montreal Lake..
\Vm. Twatts... .
James Smith. . . .
John Smiths. . . .
James Smith . . .
White Bears...
Moose Woods. . .
Keys
Keeseekoon.se. . .
Valley River. .. .
Day Stars
Frog Lake
Amos Charles. . .
Assiniboine
Battleford
Miss Gertrude
Lawrence
Rev. W. H. English.
Roch Landreville.. . .
Mrs. A. Tierney
Presbyterian
Anglican
Murray Lake
Roman Catholic
Red Pheasants
Carlton. .'."...
J.Marshall
H. Hutchinson
L. Ahenakeu
Eliza Chatelain
Rev. J . E. Smith . . .
John R. Settee
George Swift
John Leonard Lowe.
P. H. Gentleman... .
Henry W. Shaw....
Mrs. E. M. A. Fernie,
(teacher) .
Mrs. Body (assist,
teacher). .
Charles Hawk ....
Alex. J. Lawes
Rev. Jos. Eoulet,
O.M.I
Peter Rattlesnake. . .
W. H. Brookfield-
Scharpe
Charles Quinney
Miss M. E. Coates..
Anglican
Big River
Roman Catholic
Presbyterian
Montreal Lake
Sturgeon Lake
Fort a la Corne (South) ....
.TnVin .Sniitli
Duck Lake.. ..
Moose Mountain-!
Moose Woods
Pelly
'
i_
James Smith
White Bears
,- Presbyterian....
Methodist
iWhite Cap Sioux
Keys
Anglican
'Valley River
Day Stars
Roman Catholic
Undenominational..
Touchwood Hills. .
Onion Lake
Treaty No. 10. . . .
Frog Lake
'Stanley
••
Total, Saskatchewan
Albeuta.
2Goodfish Lake
Pakan . . .
Saddle Lake .....
Mrs. H. H. Howard
(teacher)
Mr. H. H. Howard
(assist, teacher)
MissW. J. McKit-
rick
Miss A. Alywin
Ulethodist
Saddle Lake
Saddle Lake...
Sam.son's
Total, Alberta
British Columbia.
Babine
Vernon Leake . . . .
Jos. Morrissev
MissF. B. Kemp...
Miss Pearl Jackson..
Miss Elizabeth J.
Salvation Army
Roman Catholic . . .
Fort Babine
Fort Habine . . . .
Kitwangar
Siceda<-h
Gitamakeh
Kitsegukla.
Kitselas
Kishfiax
Kisgegas
At Meanski-
nisht
Gitwingak
"
Anglican
Glen Vowell
Hazelton
Soal
Anglican
Kitsegukla
Miss Hannah A.
Methodist
Kitselas (New town) . . .
Franklin VanGorder
Miss Gertrude
Marten
Jonathan Mercer
Kispiox '
^Kisgegas ,
Anglican
•■
Miss S. Z. Richard-
son
Sydney Browning. .
Rocher Deboule
At Rocher De-
boule
Methodist
Roman Catholic...
'Closed from September 30,1915 to February 1, I'JIG, no teacher. 2Closed during September quarter,
SCHOOL STATEMENT
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
STATEME^T-Continued.
have been received) for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1916.
127
Number on Roll.
i
>
<
Standard.
School.
1
A
1
I
II
HI
IV
V
VI
11
13
IG
la-
1^
8
11
22
14
4
18
16
11
11
14
18
n
6
8
8
2
5
4
8
30
25
27
18
27
42
2H
11
38
25
30
23
34
2rt
23
17
14
18
13
11
10
15
12
9
10
24
24
12
3
19
12
20
12
22
15
13
U
10
15
10
8
4
9
13
13
21
13
24
24
19
11
26
13
12
t)
12
16
3
14
11
7
4
10
4
12
3
5
2
8
3
8
11
9
7
10
2
3
3
6
2
I
6
7
S.\SKATCHK\VAN.
Assiniboine.
Little PineH
11
10
13
20
13
3
5
3
4
u
1
1
2
13
■ 5
4
4
"l
4
1
"5
4
4
'1
Murray Lako.
Poun<l makers.
Red Pheasant's.
Ahtahkakoops.
Big River.
Meadow Lake.
Mistawasis.
.Montreal Lake.
7
20
9
19
12
20
10
'8
'"2
Fort ;i la Corne (South).
John Smith.
•James Smith
12
11
6
10
11
6
5
2
5
...
5
White Bears.
'White Cap Sioux.
Key..
Keeseekoose.
'Valley River.
Day Stars.
Frog Lake.
^Stanley.
254
14
245
12
9
14
499
26
22
2G
289
15
8
9
284
17
20
17
108
9
6
58
33
14
2
Total, Saskatchewan.
Albert.\.
^GoodRsh Lake.
13
Saddle Lake.
12
3
Samson'.s.
39
12
24
35
11
29
21
19
22
9
11
26
7
10
13
74
23
53
4.>
34
37
17
19
44
21
15
31
11
24
13
17
13
12
7
14
!)
19
54
14
20
29
11
10
10
19
10
7
17
6
16
9
18
15
7
6
20
4
2
6
3
2
14
3
3
5
■g
5
2
4
1
3
4
2
5
5
1
Total Alberta.
BUITISH Coi.lMHl.\.
Andimaul.
Fort Rabine.
24
15
15
8
8
18
14
2
(ritwingak.
(ilen Vowell.
Hazelton.
Kitsegukhi.
Kitselas (New Town).
Kisj)iox.
^Kisgegas.
Mpanskinisht.
Rfxjher Deboule.
5
14
1
1915. 'New day school, opened January 1, 1916. '•Re-opened September 1, 1915.
128 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
SCHOOL
Statement of Indian Day Schools in the Doniinion (from which returns
School.
British Columbia
—Concluded.
Bella Bella
Bella Coola
China Hat.,
Hartley Bay.
Kitamaat
iRitkahtla
Port Essington
Koksilah
Xanaimo
v^uamichan (R.C.).. . .
Songhees
-Tsartlip . . .
Alert Bay
'Cape Mudge.
Ly tton
^Boothroyd.
Shulus
Kincolith .
Lakalsap
■''Gwinoha
■"'Gitladamik-s
'Aiyansh
Metlakatla....
Port Simpson.
Homalco
''Laugley Fort (Public)
Skwah
Katzie
Sliammon
''Similkamet n
SLarkin (Public).,
''Osoyoos
Massett .. ......
Skidegate
Telegraph Creek .
Clayoquot(R.C.).
sNitinat ...
Ucluelet. . .
nVyah
Stuart lake .
Bella Bella. .
Bella Coola. .
China Hat. . .
Hartley Bay.
Kitamat
Kitkahtla . . .
Skeena
Koksilah
Nanaimo. . . .
Quamichan. ,
Songhees
Tsartlip
Nimkish
Cape Mudge.
Reserve.
Agency.
Bella Coola.
Ly tton
f^oothroyd
Xicola Mameet
Kincolith
Lakalsap
Kil^\^lslailyn.
Gitladamiks .
Metlakatla.
at Port Simpson
Aui^e
at Langley.-
Skwah.. ...
Katzie
Sliammon. . .
Similkameen.
at Armstrong.
Osoyoos
Massett
Skidegate
at Telegraph
Creek
Opisat
Total British Columbia.
Cowichan .
Kwawkewlth.
Lytton. . .
Kamloop
Xass . . . ,
Xew Westminster.
Okanagan .
Queen Charlotte.
Teacher.
Stickine
West Coast.
Cla-oo-ie
Itedse
Nitinat
at Stuart Lake .
Stuart Lake
Miss Kate Tranter. .
Miss Mary A. Gibson
Miss Harriet Read. .
Rev. J. H. Matthews
Miss Isabella Clarke.
George Oliver
Miss Fanny J. Noble
C. A. Dockstader. . .
Miss Adelaide Bool. .
Miss Maud A. Fru-
mento
.Miss KoseA. Quigley
-Miss Laura H. Hagan
.Miss E.W. Ferryman
Rev. J. Edward Ren
die
Miss B. Hobden
.Miss Lilly Blachford
John W. Harwood .
Miss Alice M. Col
lison
Miss Silvia Sturges.
Miss Hellen Freemen
Mi.ss Olive C. Bowen.
Miss Vera A. Chaste-
ney
.Miss E. S. Klippert. .
E. S. Grant (teacher)
Miss Elsie Puttei
(asst. teacher)
J. J. Maroney
■T. Forrester
VV. H. Grimshaw...
P. B. AlcGariigle..
Basil Nicholson
Miss Annie M.
Easton
Henry Berg..
John T. Norwood. . .
Frank Trainor. . .
J. H.Young
Methodist.
Wi liam Pake
Rev. Jos. Schindler
O. S. B
Alfred C. Bro%vn
H. W. Vanderveen.
George Plumb
A. R. J. M. Ockoniy
Denomination.
Anglican . .
Methodist.
Roman Catholic
Anglican . ,
Methodist.
Anglican .
-Methodist.
Roman Catholic —
Undenominational.
Roman Catholic...
Undenominational.
Anglican
Methodist.
Undenominational..
Roman Catholic. . . .
Methodist
Presbyterian
Methodist .. .
Roman Catholic.
'Closed during .Tune fiuarter, 1!)1.5. ^Qiogp,^ from .Tune 30, 1915.
^Closed during September quarter, 191.5. <New school, opened May 1, 1915.
^Re-opened December, 1915. •'White school attended by Indian children.
■'New school, opened April 1, 191.5. 8Qf,iy open 21 days during year.
SCHOOL STATEMENT
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
STATEMENT— Continued.
have been received) for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1916.
129
Number on Roll.
725
c
s
<
rs
I
<
13
33
9
26
11
20
13
14
16
36
16
19
8
24
7
20
10
14
11
17
9
12
5
3
14
19
7
6
6
8
21
30
12
5
24
20
30
24
7
10
14
19
30
48
23
13
24
51
14
16
2
2
19
22
16
5
9
24
4
2
2
2
11
18
24
41
Id
33
J
14
11
20
2
6
10
12
3
6
23
45
657
915
Standard.
68
29
VI
School.
Bkiiish Colu m Bi a— Conduded,
Bella Bella.
iJella Coola.
China Hat.
Hartley Bay.
Kitamat.
'Kitkahtla.
Port Essington.
Koksilah.
Nanaimo.
Quamichan.
Sonffhees.
^Tsartlip.
Alert Bay.
'Cape ISIud.
Lytton.
*ljoothroyd.
Shalus.
Kincolith.
Lakalsap.
"Gwinoha.
''Gitladamiks.
•"•Aiyansh.
Metlakatla.
Port Simpson.
Homalco.
"Langley Fort (Public).
Skwah.
Katzie.
Slianimon..
'Similkanicen.
T.arkin (Public).
'Osoyoos.
Massett.
Skidegate.
Telegraph creek.
Clayoquot. (R.C.)
''Xitinat.
Ucluelet.
nVyah.
Stuart lake.
Total, British Columbia.
27— i— 9
t30 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
SCHOOL
Statement of Indian Day Schools in the Dominion (from which returns
School.
Reserve.
Agency.
Teacher.
Denomination.
Northwest Territories.
St. David's Mission
At Fort Simpson
At Fort Smith . .
Mackenzie River
Dist. .
Fort Simpson
Fort Smith
Rev. Geo. W. Bow-
ring.
Ano'lican .
'Fort Smith
Sister Gadbois
Rev. G. E. Merritt. .
Rev. W. S. Tremain.
Rev. Herbert Girling.
Roman Catholic
Anglican
Arctic Coast . .
-Kittieragiuit
Total N W
YCKON.
At Moosehide. . .
At Selkirk
At Teslin Lake.
At Whitehorse. .
At Little Salmon
At Forty Mile..
Yukon
Kev. Benjamin Tottv
Rev. Chas. C. Brett
Rev. Chas. C. Brett.
W. G. Blackwell. . . .
E. M. Swanson
.\rthur C. Field
Anglican
Selkirk
Teslin Lake
„
„
Little Salmon
Forty Mile
•'
■•
' New school opened September 1, 1915.
England on Arctic Coast.
Eskimo school conducted by missionaries of Church of
SCHOOL STATEMBN'S 131
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
STATEMENT— Con/i'nue^.
have been received) for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1916.
Num
ber on
KoU.
1
<
Standard.
School.
-
i
5
1
I
n
III
IV
T
VI
13
11
5
15
1
21
23
12
20
4
21
7
1
2
20
23
8
20
3
1
3
1
2
Northwest Tkkritobies.
St. David's Mission.
'Fort Smith.
Fort McPherson.
Fort Norman,
-Kittigagjuit.
Total, Northwest Territories.
YtKON.
Moosehide.
Selkirk.
Teal in Lake.
Wliitehorse.
Little Salmon.
Forty Mile.
Total, Yukon.
5
6
1
'l
38
45
3
11
10
t
8
2
S3
35
74
4
3
1
1
11
16
19
23
2
9
22
2t)
24
31
4
4
t
10
6
5
22
26
24
21
1
3
5
1
1
3
77
39
116
31
99
8
2
'
_
132
DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
SCHOOL
Statement of Indian Boarding Schools in the
School.
Reserve.
Agency.
Principal.
Denomination.
Ont.viuo.
At Fort Albany.
At Moose Fort. .
AtCh'apleau....
At Fort William
Fort Frances.. . .
Shoal Lake
At KenorA
Treaty No. 9
Treaty No. 9
Chapleau
Port Arthur
Fort Frances
Rev. L. Carriere, 0.
M.I
Rev. W. Haythoro-
Moose Fort
Roman Catholic
Anglican
Anglican
Roman Catholic . . .
Chapleau.
Fort William Orphanage. .
Foj t Frances
Rev. Geo. Prewer. . .
Sister M. F. Clare . .
Rev. Ph. Vales, O.
M.I
Cecilia Jeffrey
Rev. F. T. Dodd....
Rev. C. Brouillet, 0.
M.I
Presbyterian
Roman Catholic
Kenora '. ". .
Kenora
Total, Ontario
M.VNITOB.\.
Uirtle
At Birtle
Fort Alexander.
Pine Creek
Sandy Bay
Norway House. .
Cross Lake . . .
At Portage-la-
Prairie
At The Pas
Birtle
Rev. David Iverach,
B.A
Rev. Ph. Geelen, 0.
M.I
Rev. G. Leonard, 0.
M.I
Fort Alexander
Clandeboye
Manitowapah ....
Manitowapah ....
Norway House ....
Norway House. . . .
Portage la Prairie.
Pas
Presbyterian
Pine Creek
Roman Catholic. . .
Sandy Bay
Rev. 0. Chagnon, O.
M.I .......
Rev. J. A. Lousley. .
Rev. E. Lecoq, 0..M.
Rev.' W.' A. Hendry.
Rev. L. Laronde
Norway House .
Cross Lake
Methodist
Portage-la- Prairie
Mackay (The Pas)
Roman Catholic
Presbyterian
Anglican
Total, Manitoba
Saskaichewan.
Thunderchild s
Battleford
Crooked Lake
Crooked Lake ....
Duck Lake
Qu'Appelle
Onion Lake. .....
Onion Lake
Pelly
Rev. A. Watelle ....
Rev. J. B. Beys, 0.
M.I
Rev. H. McKay ....
Rev. H. Delmas, 0.
M I
Cowessess
Round Lake . .
Duck T,ake
File Hills
derchilds ....
Cowessess
On north side of
Round Lake.
Near Duck Lake
Adjoining File
IMls.
Set^kaskootch . .
Makaoo's
Cote's
(ieoree Gordon's
Adjoining Mus-
cowekwan
Xt LaclaPlonge
At Lac la Ronge
Roman Catholic. . .
Presbyterian
Roman Catholic
Onion Lake (R.C.)
Oni'on Lake (Anglican) . . .
*Crowstand
Mr. W. W. Gibson. .
Rev. E. J. Cunning-
ham
Rev. J. R. Matheson
Rev. W. MeWhinney
Rev. H. H. Atwater
Rev. A. J. A. Dugas,
O.M.I
Rev. F. Ancel, O.M.
I
-Archdeacon J. A.
Mackay (acting). .
Presbyterian
Floman Catholic
Presbyterian
Gordon's
Touchwood
Touchwood
Roman Catholic . . .
Lac la Ronge
Total, Saskatchewan*.
Carlton
Anglican
'The Crowstand boarding School closed Novouiber 30, 1915.
SCnOOL STATEMEy'F
133
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
STATEMENT— CoN^m(/e(/.
Dominion for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1013.
N'umber on Roll.
71
X 1
^
11
1
14
20
7
22
9
3
10
22
39
30
30
34
Bo
142
150
20
20
31
37
27
54
27
27
6«
40
28
22
32
45
41)
43
278
294
20
18
23
2-J
27
22
54
57
29
38
21
34
17
13
21
25
23
23
22
30
17
30
21
39
295
351
I 5
£<
Standard.
Ill
IV
96
VI
School.
Ontario.
Albany ^lission.
Moose Fort.
Chapleau.
Fort William Orphanage.
Fort Frances.
Cecilia Jetfrey.
Kenora.
Total, Ontario.
Maxitob.v.
IMrtle.
Fort Alexander.
Pine Creek.
Sandy Bay.
Norway House.
Cress Lake.
PortagP;iia-Prairie.
Mackayi
Total, Manitoba.
Sa8K.\T0HE\VAN.
Thnnderchild's.
Cowes.sebs.
Round Lake.
Duck Lako.
File Hilla.
Onion Lake(R.O.)
Onion Lake ( Anglican)
Crowstand.
Gordon's.
Muscowekuan.
Lac la Plonge.
Lac la Rouge.
Total, Saskatchewan.
134
DEPARTMElfJT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
SCHOOL
Statement of Indian Boarding Schools in the
School.
Blood (Anglican).
■• (R.(5.)
Crowfoot
Old Sun's . .
St. Albert..
Ermine.skin .
Peigan (Anglican)
-. (R.C.)
Blue Quills.
Sarcee
Fort Chipewyan (Holy
Adgels)
Lesser Slave Lake (Angli
can).
(St.
Bernard's)
(St.
Brunos)
Sturgeon Lake
Vermilion (St. Henri)
Wabiskaw Lake ( Anglican)
., (R.O.) ..
Whitefish Lake
(St. Andrews Mission).
Total, Alberta
Northwest Tekbitories.
Fort Re.solution
Hay River
Providence Missioi
(Sacred Heart). .
Total, N. W. T.
Reserve.
Blood . .
Blood ...
Blackfoot.
At St. Albert. .
Ermineskin
Peigan .
I'eigan .
Blue Quills.
Sarcee
At Fort Chip
owyan
Lesser Slave
Lake
At Sturgeon
Lake
At Fort Ver-
milion
At St. John Mis-
sion, W a b i s-
kaw Lake
At St. Martin's
Mission, Wa-
biskaw Lake. .
A t Whitefish
Lake ,
At Fort Resolu-
tion
At St. Peter's
Mis-sion
At Fort Provi
dence
Agency.
Blood ....
Blood ....
Blackfoot
Edmonton. .
Hobbema . .
Peigan .
Saddle Lake.
Fort Smitli
Lesser Slave Lake.
Fort Smith.
Fort Simpson.
Principal.
Rev. S. Middleton . .
Rev. E. Ruaux
Rev. L. Levern, O.
M.I
Rev. M. C. Gaudier
Sister M. A. Leduc .
Rev. P. P. Moulin,
O.M.T....
W. R. Haynes
Rev. M. Lepine, O.
M.I
Rev. A. Husson, O.
M. I
Arch'dn .f. W. Tims.
Sister M. Laverty. .
W. J. Kent
Rev. J. Calais, O.
M.I
Rev. C. Batie, O.
M.I
Rev. Jos. Habey, O.
M.I ... .
Rev. C. Joussard
Miss Ida E. Collins.
Sister Catherine Au-
relie
J. Palmer Morgan. . .
Sister McQuillan
Rev. Alfred J. Vale.
Sister McGuirk. . .
Denomination.
Anglican
Roman Catholic . .
Anglican
Roman Catholic.
Roman Catholic . . .
Church of England.
Roman Catholic. .
Anglican .
Roman Catholic.
Anglican . . ...
Roman Catholic...
Anglican
Roman Catholic.
Anglican.
Roman Catholic . . .
Anglican
Roman Catholic...
SCHOOL STATEMENT
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
STATEMENT— Continued.
Dominion for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1916.
135
Number on
Roll.
c3
Standard.
I
II
III
IV
y
VI
School.
1
1
1
<
Albert.\.
37
31
28
28
05
59
56
49
41
21
9
12
10
15
3
11
2
Blood (Anglican).
31
17
14
25
35
45
42
94
43
38
86
22
8
26
■■l5
90
12
n
12
9
10
13
2
Crowfoot.
Old Sun'.s.
59
2
11
St. Albert.
20
19
25
13
54
32
4!l
30
30
16
6
7
9
7
4
Erminfeskins.
Peigan (Anglican).
13
13
26
26
15
6
4
1
Peigan (R.C.)
Blue Quill's.
Sarcee.
2:^
23
26
14
49
37
47
34
13
27
12
6
8
3
9
1
7
17
24
41
38
29
5
3
2
1
1
Fort Chirewyan (Holy Angela.)
7
7
14
10
6
2
3
2
1
Lesser i^lave Lake (Anglican).
11
5
16
13
4
1
6
5
(St. Bernard's.)
22
23
45
43
21
14
9
1
(St. Bruno.)
16
25
41
35
20
4
5
12
Sturgeon Lake.
5
16
21
13
10
5
3
2
1
Vermilion (St. Henri.)
6
11
17
11
11
3
3
\A''abiskaw Lake (Anglican).
15
14
29
23
11
3
8
7
Wabiskaw Lake (R.C.)
7
7
14
5
4
6
2
2
12
Whitefish Lake (St. Andrews Mis.s.
38.^
353
741
649
3a5
146
131
97
20
Total, Alberta.
NORTHWK.^T TeKRITORIES.
21
32
53
50
20
18
5
3
4
3
Fort Resolution.
22
16
38
31
14
11
r.
(j
Hay River.
30
35
65
60
38
9
18
12
21
Providence Mission (Sacred Heart).
4
3
73
83
1.56
141
72
38
Total, Northwest Territories.
136 DEPARTMEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
SCHOOL
Statement of Indian Boarding Schools in the
School.
Reserve.
Ageney.
Principal.
Denomination.
British Columbia.
Kitamat
Kitamat
Alert Bay
At Yale
Bella Coola. .,
Kwawkewlth
Lytton
Nas
Miss Ida M. Clarke.
Rev. F. Cromley
(Acting prin.)
Constance, Sister
Superior
Miss Lottie M. Dea-
Methodist
Alert Bay Girl's Home. . . .
Yale (All Hallows)
Port Simpson Girl's Home.
At Port Simpson
Sechelt....
Roman Catholic . . .
New Westminster.
West Coast
IVfethodist
Sechelt
Sister Theresine . . . ,
Sister Mary Amy . .
Rev. Vic-. Rohr, O.M.I
John T. Ross
H. B. Currie
Roman Catholic . . .
St. Mary's
Ahousaht
Alberni
At St. Mary's
Mission
Ahousaht
Tresahlt
Presbyteriano
Total, British Columbia.
Yukon.
Yukon
W. T. Townsend....
Anglican , .
SCHOOL STATEMENT
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
STATEMENT— Co«<//2 ued.
Dominion for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 191G.
137
Number on
Roll
Standard.
>
1
1
J
>
I
II
HI
IV
V
VI
School.
British Colujibia.
8
20
34
27
20
4
3
. 2
''
Kitainat.
32
32
28
7
4
12
9
Alert Bay Girl's Home.
34
34
22
17
5
5
5
1
1
Yale (All Hallows).
24
40
27
26
40
52
50
31
45
50
12
14
18
10
14
14
4
n
12
4
5
6
5
3
5
5
Port Simpaon Girl's Home.
Sechelt.
Squamish.
3r.
IS
27
41
IS
29
77
3ti
5(i
76
34
47
2
13
21
21
u
6
30
4
12
17
4
3
8
10
4
2
St. Mary's.
Ahousaht.
Alberni.
13S
273
411
360
124
79
94
60
32
22
Total, British Columbia.
Yl'KOxV.
17
10
36
32
11
8
10
'
3
1
Carcross.
138
DEPARTMEST OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
SCHOOL
Statement of Indian Industrial Schools in the
School.
OSTARTO.
Mohawk Institute . . .
!Mount Elgin Institute
Shingwauk Home
Spanish River ...
Total Ontario.
Brandon .
Elkhorn.
Total, Manitoba
Sask.\tchew.\n.
Qu'Appelle . .
Red Deer. .
St. Joseph.
Total, Alberta. .
British Columbia.
Kootenay
Kamloops
Lytton
Coqualeetza
Kuper Island
Alert Bay
Claywjuot
Williams Lake.
Situation.
At Brantford
At Muncey
At Sanlt Ste. Marie.
At Spanish
At Brandon .
At Elkhorn .
At Lbbretford.
At Red Deer. .
At Davisburg.
Princii^al.
Rev. C. M. Turnell . . . .
Rev. S. R. McVitty....
Rev. Benj. P. Fuller . .
Rev. L. N. Dugas, S.J.
Rev. T. Fenier.
A. E. Wilson. .
Rev. J. Hugonard
Rev. J. F. Woodsworth ,
Rev. G. Nordmann
Denomination.
Undenominational ,
Methodist
.\nglican
Roman Catholic
Methodist
Undenominational
Roman Catholic.
At St. Eugene, 5 miles from
Cranbrook Kootenay Ag. .
At Kaml'xjps in the* Kam
loops Agency
2h miles from Lytton, Lyt
ton Agency
3 miles from Chilliwack
New Westminster Agency
On Kuper Inland, Cowichan
Agency ...
At Alert Baj', Kwawkewlth
Agency
At Clayoquot Sound, West
Coast, Vancouver Island,
West Coast Agency
\t Williams Lake, 4 miles
from .Sugar Cane Reserve,
Williams Lake Agency..
Total, British Columbia.
.Sister Justinian
Rev. Alph. Carion
Rev. Leonard Dawson. . .
Rev. Geo. H. Raley
Rev. W. Lemmons
Rev. T. Comley (acting).
Rev. Froben Epper ....
Rev.Ed.Maillard,O.M.I
Methodist . . . .
Roman Catholic.
Roman Catholic.
Anglican ,
Methodist .
Roman Catholic.
Anglican
Pvoman Catholic.
Note.— All boys at industrial schools are taught farming, and all girls sewing, knitting and general
SCHOOL BTATEMEST
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
STATEMENT— Co nfinz/cd.
Dominion for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 19 IG.
139
NuinbtT
on Roll.
1
"itaudaid.
Industries
Tauglit.
School.
^
^
T
a:
d
£5
I
II
Ill
IV
V
VI
i
i
>>
•z
1
i<
C3
pa
w
:->
<
o
■/I
-^
Ontario.
fi"
r-r.
144
1'>7
16
19
18
'>^
''n
45
?
Mohawk Institute.
74
40
147
S.5
122
21
30
19
15
36
18
43
16
23
fi
5
Mount Elgin Institute.
Shinp^wauk Home.
45
110
92
202
161
57
59
39
26
17
4
3
3
2
Spanish River.
295
283
578
487
124
112
111
106
71
54
5
3
2
Total, Ontario.
Manitob.\.
('.5
5?
117
111
4n
14
16
15
13
19
65
Brandon.
fi'i
f.O
V?*t
f*(>
•x^
3y
^(i
7P
7
9
Elkhorn.
1S4
112
246
207
73
46
42
37
20
28
65
Total, Manitoba.
Saskatchewan.
122
129
251
213
90
29
49
35
25
23
-^
■_::
:_:
Qu'Appelle.
Albekta.
H)
34
15
84
53
73
47
30
1
32
7
9
20
13
2
9
4
3
Red Deer.
St. Joseph.
38
88
49
137
120
31
39
29
20
11
7
...
Total, Alberta.
British Columbia.
to
40
80
80
<w
9<^
14
16
40
Kootenay.
Kamloops.
3C
36
72
65
18
12
13
11
12
6
5
8
76
76
58
22
21
15
7
8
3
1-
18
Lytton.
82
49
131
112
36
21
16
16
26
16
4
Coquale^tza.
34
34
6.H
fi?
13
17
^0
y
11
Kupcr Island.
ST
S7
3S
10
fi
8
<1
3
1
Alert Bay.
Clayoquot.
35
25
60
52
25
1
14
13
5
35
36
71
59
31
3
7
14
9
7
1
2
Williams Lake.
375
22<
595
511
177
lOi)
107
93
74
35
67
26
2
Total, British Columbia.
household duties.
140 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Statement showing the Total Enrolment, by Provinces, in the Different
m
Denomination.
Number on Roll.
O
Province.
s
"ci
1
=
-^
O
c
.2
T
5
^
a
g
u
5
>>
•j:^
1
1
p
^
P^
"bo
a
<
1
i
Ph
1
■z
1
DAY
17
2
12
2«
80
43
22
3
5
51
6
6
3(i
2
1
17
2
1?
4
■ 1
10
157
24
134
fi09
1,44!
H24
254
39
3S
783
141
24
151
647
l,32u
583
245
35
45
725
39
29S
Prince Edward Island
48
3
12
24
13
4
15
6
.... ^
8
'!
3
17
285
Ciuebec
Ontario
ManitoV)a
Saskatchewan
Alberta .
N( rthvvest Territories
Jiritish Colombia
1,256
2,764
1,207
499
74
83
1,508
116
I
3
""l
•••• 2
■ ■
Total, Day Schools
269
51
93
77
41
5
2
4,183
3,95.
8,138
BOARDING
Nova Scotia
Prince Edward Island
1
I
" " 2
■'l42
278
295
388
73
138
17
35)
353
83
273
19
New Brunswick
Quebec
4
4
6
12
4
' " 2
1
3
i
1
1
"l
2
Ontario
Manitoba
7
8
12
19
3
9
1
292
572
640
Alberta
741
Noi til west Territories
liritish Columbia
Yukon
156
411
36
Total, Bearding Schools
59
32
16
^
8
1,330
1,523
2,854
INDUSTRIAL
Nova Scotia
Prince Edward Island
■■ 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
■ : : : : :
Quebec
29.^
134
122
88
283
112
129
49
Ontario
4
2
1
2
578
Manitoba
246
Sask.itchewan
1
1
251
Alberta
137
8
5
2
1
375
220
595
Yukon
• .
Total, Industrial Schools. . . .
17
2
8
3
4
1,014
793
1,807
SCHOOL STATEMENT 141
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Schools, during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1916.
TJ
Standard.
i
§
1
<
Province.
<
&
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
1
1
2
a
<
P-i
137
45 n:
144
5r>
4(1
3::
in
10
Xova Scotia.
2;i
47!M
:iO
11
4
3
Prince Edward Island.
171
(H05
10.^
81
4f)
3'<
14
New P>runswick.
802
63-85
60'.)
243
185
131
49
39
Quebec.
1,352
48-91
1,509
419
452
275
u 102
7
Ontario.
f,20
43-08
8K7
1S7
94
■M)
4
Manitoba.
28!l
57 -as
284
10-
58
3o
14
2
Saskatchewan.
31
41-89
5-1
17
3
Alburta.
30
42-17
74
4
3
1
1
Nortliwe.st Territories.
657
43-50
915
333
15;
68
29
6
British Columbia.
31
26-72
99
8
2
7
Yukon.
4,0.^1
49-78
4,710
l,4G(i
1,044
620
223
75
Total, Day Schools.
Xova Scoria.
Prince Edward Island.
New Brunswick.
-
(,>u.-l)ec.
254
80-13
156
41
55
21
i8
1
Ontario.
50(1
87-41
25<1
121.
82
66
41
1
Maintoha.
5.-.5
85-71
225
IMt
116
90
59
34
Sask itcliewan.
649
87-58
3:Jo
146
131
9:
20
12
.\lbert.i,.
141
91-«2
72
38
18
21
4
:■;
Northwest Territories.
3fi(i
87-58
124
79
94
60
32
22
IJiitish Columbia.
32
88-89
11
>«
\i<
364
177
1
74
Yukon.
2,491
87-28
1,176
557
51(1
Total, Boarding Schools.
Nova Scotia.
Pi ince Edward Island.
New Brunswick.
Quebec.
487
207
213
120
84-2;
8414
84-86
87-60
124
73
91 1
31
112
46
29
39
111
42
49
29
106
37
35
2(1
71
2"
2
11
54
2S
2.M
Ontario.
.Manitoba.
.Saskatchewan.
Mberta.
Northwest Territories.
511
85-86
177
109
107
93
74
35
I'.ritish Columbia.
Yukon.
1,.538
85-11
495
335
338
291
201
147
Total, Industrial Schools.
/
142
DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
SUMMARY OF
Class
'of School.
■A
1
1
1
Denomination.
Number on Roll.
Province.
1
be
1
£
J
1
"a
■X
c
i
O
i
i
i
4i
c
.2
i
c
.2
11
>
1
1
1
1
<
17
-
12
28
80
43
22
3
5
51
6
17
2
12
28
91
53
35
24
8
68
7
. 6
37
3
1
6
17
2
12
17
2'
10
1]
13
3
19
1.57
24
131
609
1,88]
1,036
671
515
111
1,296
94
141
24
151
647
1,753
989
725
437
128
1,218
58
298
'48
285
1,256
3,634
2,025
1,331,
952
239
2,514
152
137
Prince Edward Island
New Brunswick.
3
15
25
16
7
5
"1
7
2
9
12
2
4
23
174
8
12
19
3
9
1
4
2
1
2
8
802
Ontario.
1
3
5
2,083
Manitoba
1,227
Saskatchewan ...
1,057
Alberta
800
Northwest Territories
British Columbia
Yukon
176
2
3
2
1,528
63
Total
269
59
17
345
53
133
96
49
12
2
6,528
6,271
12,799
8,076
All boys at industrial schools are taught farming, and all
SCHOOL STATEMENT
143
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
SCHOOL STATEMENT.
,
Standard.
' Indii.stries Tauglit.
g
<
Province.
1
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
3
r-
1
%
c
5
o
45-97
144
55
40
33
10
16
Nova Scotia.
47-91
30
105
11
81
4
46
3
39
Pnnce Edward Island.
61-05
14
New Brunswick.
63-85
609
243
185
131
49
39
Quebec.
5/ 5!l
1,789
572
618
402
191
62
5
3
2
10
Ontario.
60 59
1,216
359
218
133
65
34
65
65
Manitoba.
75 -71
596
256
223
164
98
59
Saskatchewan.
84 03
420
202
103
117
31
19
Alberta.
73 64
146
«
21
22
5
3
Northwest Territories.
60 78
1,216
521
358
221
135
63
67
-26
2
95
British Columbia.
41-44
no
16
12
10
3
1
29
-
-
4
-
-
-
170
Yukon.
63 05
6,381
2,358
1,888
1,275
601
296
137
Total.'
girls sewing, knitting and general household duties.
144
DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
>-.T3 aJ j: -e 1
S c !«S 2 S
a 5
S "• — 4: "i^
£|s^:l
Ills
'.£P
-?-q
-g
o -;; -M «
<i> ■^, a ^ mr
C-13 «
m " » s; S
fa
^5 "..s ^i o c gi
'2* -5
; s
3 -1..2 3 o S
." ^ -w O 0-
S aj fe tT ^ fl"
■^ JS *^ OJ iJ s-
2
.2.5 S 2 ^-^'^ g v:^ . .c^S p o ^-^^ ^.^ ^ _
:-'3 9 c 3
S.C S-5 ^ii
_niii IT'S 0«^ g J
ij^i ccSo o 8|
•Sx2 2.2.Sftcei
c <p a
"3|
"^ « $ ce $.S
r-K c ?< =« ;s
CO -'^ 2
M-SS 2
S = M s
*^ t- c i- ~
O S CO
II 2 81
5-5^
c5
I
SUPERINTENDEyT OF lyOIAN EDUCATIOy
145
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
tS
•c-n b
5-
a = ?
Ill
If
III
^■o-^ I 5 S
^ u . bo
^ a ? o °
C ".1i C 5 1;
e "5 c M s
fc- -._ o _ 3
i = > t. P t-
2 .^
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p c X H
_H "_
IS)!
^ >. ^ tt.
a-^ ^ _. ^ ^ 5
O eS
3 g'-n
f2 "
.^' C ■- :S =3 c CO
S| s-s-HJ org
-^ ^ S ; "^ 5 »
^ ^5^ t-T: y^
;5^^<i^.2s ^
^ •£ — tc
of -g if o 1^
Scti^^.H ^ " 1-
c -- " 'V *^ —
j; c i" oj c^ ^ 5
5 ^ E^
5 "^
.5 » i:3
J= "^ oT „-
• Soil
^ TT O 00
-r_. fcc
,-f « =.2
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7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
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SUPERINTENDENT OF INDIAN EDUCATION 155
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
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DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
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SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
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DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
INDIAN LAND STATEMENT
ShowiNG the number of acres of Indian Lands sold during the Year ended March
31, 1916, the total amount of purchase money realized, and the quantity of
land unsold at that date.
ONTARIO.
Town or Township.
Albemarle
Eastnor
Lindsay
St. Edmund
Bury (town plot. )
Hardwicke „
Oliphaiit II
Southampton u
Wiarton ti
Islands off West Coast of Sau-
geen Peninsula
White Cloud Island
Thessalon
Thessalon (town plot)
Archibald . . .
Dennis
Herrick
Havilland
Kars . .
Apaquash (town plot)
Lai rd
Vankoughnet
Kehre
Fen wick
Cobden
Pennefather. . ,
Ley !
Fisher
Fisher (town plot)
Tilley
Tupper
Duncan
Meredith
Macdonald
Assiginauk
Billings
Bidwell
Campbell
Carnarvon
Howland
Sheguiandah (town plot)
Manitowaning n
Tehkummah
Sandfield
Shaftesbury (town plot)
Tolsmaville n
Allan
Bur|)ee
Barrie Island . '
Gordon
Gore Bay (town plot)
Mil s
Cockburn Island
Dawson
Robinson
South Baymouth (town plot). . .
Meldrum „
Grey. . .
Algoma .
County
or
District.
Manitoulin.
Number Amount
or of
acres sold. Sale.
283 00
98 00
70 10
401-50
12,006-50
3.551-85
2,466 50
469 00
380 00
123 00
147 00
497 00
425 00
45 13
-23
640-00
100 00
59 00
$ cts.
150 00
19 60
15 00
176 55
9,452 10
102 63
151 00
36 90
35 04
179 4(
131 36
114 02
145 00
286 25
25 00
Number
of acres
unsold.
62
358
589
128
233
1,111
40
21
10
158
16
400
11
2,943
364
190
5.59
6,686
120
3,826
4,468
14,337
5,393
370
483
929
80
199
876
3,024
Remarks.
Some of these lands
were resumed by
the department, the
conditions of sale
not having been
complied with, so
that in certain cases
there appears to
have been more
land remaining un-
s< 'Id at the close of
the past fiscal year
than remained un-
sold according to
the previous year's
report.
98-00
112 00
103 00
758 00
7-174-00
645 00
740 00
29 00
1602
7,020 00
3,053 00
8-50
1,00200
1,15100
4,167 00
1,384 00
904 00
2 00
2, 731- 00
18,67000
10,624 00
15, 063 00
133 -00
INDIAN LAND STATEMENT
161
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Indian L.\nd Stateme.vt showing the number of acres sold during the Year
ended March 31, 1916 — Continued.
ONTARIO- ( ■included.
Tow)i or To\vn>liiii.
County
or
l^istrict.
Number
of
acres sold.
Amount
of
Sale.
Nuinl)or
of acres
unsold.
Remarks.
Cayusra
Haldiniancl.
Acres.
§ cts.
Acres.
78 -00
33-36
1,54800
50-00
4^80
19-48
'" ■208-30
2,871-00
'30,' 673 "17
1,951-56
11,462-24
Cayuga (town plot)
Hastings
Caledonia (town plot) -. . .
yiiannonville n
Islands in the Kiver St. Law-
1245 Islands & Islets
Islands in Georgian Bav
Bedford
Tyendinaga Reserve.. .
Frontenac
Hastings
Glengarry
415
176-70
'81-75
175 00
295 10
" 131 '09
unsold.
Kenyon
Wild Lands Resesves
Little Forks Re" No 10
fiiiiit; Siult Resprve
24,465-31
12,427 84
172,578-68
(QUEBEC.
Lake St. John
3, 917 14
Dundee
4,0.57 74
Maniwaki (town plot)
Wright
Tiniiskaming
Laprairie
1-26
353-62
46U 00
2.148 02
43-33
1,813-22
19 00
354 88
2,608 02
9,8.50-43
1
NEW BRUNSWICK.
Tobique Reserve
Riohibucto or Big Cove Reserve
Victoria
Kent. . .
1,23900
101-00
2,804 50
202 00
1,137-00
MANITOBA.
Gambler's Reserve.
Mar(|uette.
8O0O
SASKATCHEWAN.
A».siniboine Reserve
Muscowpetung Reserve .
Little Bone Reserve
Cotfi Reserve No. 64 . . .
Keeseekoonse Reserve. . .
Key Reserve
27-
-11
As.siniV)oia
York ton .
320 00
352 00
2,002-73
11,692-03
457 00
845-50
162
DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRES
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Indian Land Statement showing the number of acres sold during the Year
ended March 31, 1916 — Concluded.
SASKATCHEWAN— Conc^Mderf.
Town or Township.
County
or
District.
Number
of
acres sold.
Amount.
of
Sale.
Number
of acres
unsold.
Remarks.
Kylemore (town plot)
Lestock M
Moosomin and Thunderchild
Reserve .
Humboldt
West Saskatche-
wan
Acres.
■28
•18
$ cts.
110 00
50 00
Acres.
20-72
15-40
757-73
12 00
Fishing Lake Reserve No. 89. . .
Humboldt ...
-46
160 00
16, 475 n
ALBERTA.
Sucker Creek Reserve No. 150 A
Wabumun (town plot)
Sharphead Reserve
Swan Lake Reserve No. 150 E.
Samson Reserve
Bobtail Reserve
Louis Bull Reserve
Duffield (town plot)
Blackfoot Reserve
Peigan Reserve
Sarcee Reserve
Northern Alberta.
Southern Alberta..
153-95
114
2,309 25
300 00
66
685
44
1,920
6,767
1,107
234
64,481
6,080
6,6£0
53
20
42
00
64
Of
95
70
00
00
'■2,'867-38
43,' 021 50
3,022-47
45,630 71
88,037 44
Rt. of waj- for Canal.
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Necait Reserve
Cayoosh Reserve
Fountain Reserve No. 2.
Fountain Re.srrve No. 3
Pavilion Reserve No. 1
Nequatque Reserve
Anderson Lake Reserve No. 2. .
Lokla Reserve No. 4
Soda Creek Reserve No. 1
Williams Lake Reserve No. 1 . .
Alexandria Reserve No. 1 . . . .
Lillooet.
Cariboo.
5-15
20-60
15-80
8-45
68-30
6-82
2-46
3-20
24-80
4-37
4 43
164 38
75 00
1,060 00
79 00
152 50
591 50
238 20
46 60
66 40
333 65
43 70
221 50
2,908 05
■
General Bemarl-'i
The land sold during the year amounted to 29,347-50 acres, which realized
$66,741.16. The quantity of surrendered land in the hands of the department was
approximately 288,158 acres. The principal outstanding, on account of Indian lands
sold, amounted to $2,349,351.87, a considerable portion of which has not yet become
due.
APPROPRIATIOX ACCOUNTS
163
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
APPROPRIATION ACCOUNTS
1915-1916.
Vote.
Grant.
Expendi-
ture.
(J rant not
used.
Grant
e.xceeded.
MAXiTt^BA, Saskatchkwax, Alukkta, ktc.
Iniplenients, tools, etc
§! cts.
11,893 00
4,530 00
4.835 00
143,465 00
6,000 00
11,000 00
105,035 00
6,418 00
1,049 00
263,924 00
§ ct.s.
11,106 08
3,214 98
4,781 92
145,277 76
3,361 &^
9,227 51
108,839 99
5,794 51
1,267 05
265, 183 24
$ cts.
- 786 92
1.315 02
.53 08
2,638 i7
1,772 49
62349
•S Ct.K.
Livestock
Supplies for destitute Indians
Triennial clothing
i,8i2'76
Medical attendance, medicines, hospitals, etc
Sioux ,
3,804 99
Mills
General expenses
218 05
1,2.59 24
94 13
558,149 00
558,054 87
7.189 17
7.189 17
22,000 00
205,290 00
17,734 86
209.549 00
4.265 14
Annuities
4,259 00
Nova Scotia.
Salaries ■
6,200 00
8,000 00
5,000 00
5,300 00
600 00
1,000 00
2,500 00
28,600 00
1,984 00
8,000 00
4,000 00
850 00
450 (X)
1,000 00
6.0;-50 00
8,520 87
5,963 45
3,758 99
494 50
1,834 63
1,976 75
150 00
Relief.. . .'
.520 87
%3 45
Medical attendance and medicines
1,54101
105 50
Reiairs to roads and dyking
Seed Grain— To provide for encouragement of agri-
culture among Indians of Maritime Provinces. . .
834 63
523 25
Unexjiended balance
81
Xew BraN.swicK.
• 28,599 19
1,779 19
8.444 44
3,629 39
844 60
302 74
1,282 90
2,319 76
204 51
.370 61
5 40
147 26
2.319 76
Relief
444 44
Medical attendance and medicines
Miscellaneous
Repairs to roads
Seed Grain — To provide an amount to encour.-ige
agriculture "
282 90
44
16.284 00
47,840 00
30.000 00
8,950 00
43,200 00
20.000 00
22.400 0<t
5.000 00
41,400 00
3,500 00
British Coiambia.
"-■. l;iri"s
Kdief : ....
16,283 56
43,094 26
29,863 54
8,218 10
51,222 22
21.231 95
19.353 81
869 10
44.301 02
4,017 30
727 78
4,745 74
136 46
731 90
■■3.0461!'
4,130 90
727 78
Hospitaj-s, medical attendance and n:cdicines
Travelling Expenses
Office, miscellaneous and unforeseen
Surveys •
f^. Land Commission
8,022 22
1,231 95
2,901 02
insing Indian 01 chards
547 30
88 70
222,290 00
984,115 00
222,201 30
12,791 19
12,791 19
Indian Education
911.377 89
72,737 11
Note— The overdraft in connection with annuities is explained by the appropriation for 1916 17 not
mg available at a time apirointed for paying some Indians their annuities.
27— i— lU
164
DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
APPROPRIATION ACCOUNTS— Co/?cZi«/erf.
1915-1916.
Vote.
Payments to Indians surrt^ndering their lands.
Relief to destitute in remote districts
To present spread of tuberculosis
Printing and Stationery, etc
Grant to assist Trust Fund xVccount 310 for suppres-
sion of liquor traffic ...
Surveys, Ontario, Quebec and Maritime Provinces
To pi-ovide for expenses in connection with epidemic
of small-po,\ and other diseases.
Fees for registration of births, marriages and deaths . . .
Unexpended Balance
Ontario— Quebec.
Quebec, relief, medical attendance and medicines.
Ontaria, i. ..
General legal expenses .
Repairs t(j roads and drainage
General expenses
Unexpended balance
Prince Edwaru Island.
Salaries
Relief and -ieed-grain
Medical attendance and medicines.
Miscellaneous , .
Unexpended balance
Grant.
■"S cts.
25,000 00
GO, 000 00
10,000 00
5,000 00
3,000 00
3,000 00
10,000 00
1,500 00
117,500 00
17,000 00
11,000 00
5,50(J 00
21,900 00
51,075 00
106,475 00
- 600 00
1,125 00
S50 00
650 00
3,225 00
Expendi-
ture.
>> cts.
5,660 00
75,242 72
11,331 62
6,870 76
3,000 00
8,014 80
7,199 39
138 00
117,457 29
16,999 35
11,034 97
6,417 42
21,770 34
49,701 18
105,923 26
600 00
1,227 30
921 05
171 60
2,919 95
Grant not
u.sed.
■•s cts.
19,340 00
2,800 61
1,362 00
23,502 61
129 66
1,373 82
1,504 13
478 40
478 40
Grant
exceeded.
$ cts.
15,242 72
1,331 62
1,870 76
42 71
23,502 61
34 97
917 42
551 74
1,504 13
102 30
71 05
305 05
478 40
INDIAN TRU^T FUND
165
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
INDIAN TRUST FUND.
Showing transactions in connection witli the Fund during the vear ended
March 31, 1016.
St rvic.
Balance, Marcli :>1, VJl'>
Debit.
•S cts.
Credit.
•s cts.
7,731^,145 97
412,792 79*
Interest for year ended INIarch 31, 1915 ^ . . .
077 047 7(,»
Legislative prmnts to supplement the fund
l.'i 50<J W*
Outstanding cheques, iyi3-14
193 25
188 GO
Debit M ..
Exj>enditure during the 3-ear
68 66
702.507 79
7,741,491 92
8,444,067 71
Balance, March 31, 1916
8,444,067 71
166
DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Return* A (1) of Officers and Enplovees of the Department of Indian Affairs
on April 1, 1916.
HEADQUARTERS-INSIDE SERVICE.
Name.
Hon. Will. .T. Roclie, M.D.
Duncan C. Scott
Rank.
Superintendent General.
Deputy Superintendent Gene
Annual
Salary.
Date of
Present Rank.
Date o^ First
Permanent
Apix)intinent.
Holds this office combined
with that of Minister of the
Interior.
Oct. 11, 1913|Oct. 8, 1880
SECRETARY'S BRANCH.
John D. McLean
1 A.
Samuel Stew art . . .
1 P,
Henrv A. Conrov
Angus S. Williams
Cha.s. McGibbon
2 A.
Henry C. Ross
Roberts. E. Moffat
Samuel J. Robins
„
Alex. F. MacKenzie
„
Elmer B. Cogswell
2 B.
T. R. L. Maclnnes
Helen M. ODonahoe
3 A.
Margaret H. Brennau
Gertrude H. Gorrell
„
Beatrice Phelan . . .
Eva L. MacRitchie
3 B.
Winifred Churchill
Benjamin Havter
Frederick Munro
John Bradley
Asst. Deputy Supt. General and
Secretary of the Department.
Asst. Secretary
Insfx-ctor
Law Clerk
Inspector
Clerk of Supply,
Printing and Translation
Clerk
Private Sec'y to Supt. General.
Secretary to Deputy Supt. Gen'l
Clerk
Packer
Messenger
3,650
iJulv
• 1,
1,
1908
1897
jOct
1, 1876
2,800
Dec.
30,
1898
July
1, 1879
2,800
Sept.
1,
1908
April
1, 1902
2.700
June
16,
1909
June
16, 1909
2,400
Julv
27,
1912
July
27, 1912
2,100
Oct.
14,
1891
July
1. 1883
2,100
Aug.
1,
1906
•Jan.
10, 1883
1,950
April
1,
1909
Feb.
7, 1891
1,750
Jan.
28,
1913
Jan.
28, 1913
1,7.50
April
1.
1913
Nov.
13, 1902
900
April
1,
1912
April
1, 1912
900
Jan.
1,
1914
Jan.
1, 1914
1,200
July
1,
1904
July
1, 1904
1,200
July
1,
1905
.luly
1, 1905
1,2(X)
May
10,
1906
May
10, 190(>
1,100.
Jan.
1,
1912
Sept.
1. 1908
1,050
April
1,
1913
Sept.
Feb.
1, 1908
700
Feb.
1,
1912
1, 1912
650
June
15,
1912
June
15, 1912
800
•July
26
1892
July
26, 1892
800
Sept.
1,
1908
Sept.
1, 1908
800
Sept.
1,
1908
Sept.
1, 1908
ACCOUNTANT'S BRANCH.
Frederick H. Paget
1 A.
Accountant
3,000
Oft
Hiram McKay
1 B.
Asst Accountant
2 400
April
April
Einile .Jean
Clerk
2,300
John W. Shore
2 A.
1,9.50
April
Sidney W. Hobart
"
1,900
1,750
April
April
Geo. k. Conley
Herbert N. Awrey
„
1,700
April
Mary D.Maxwell
2 B,
1,600
900
Aug.
.June
John H. Fee
-t
Robert Pringle
3 A
1,200
1,2<X)
April
Aug.
Effie K. McLatchie
Maud M. Mcintosh
••
i,20f)
1,200
July
Jan.
Hugh Micha<l Graham...
Ellen I. Fiiidlay
,,
„
1,200
April
Georgiana C. Cfaddy
„
,
1,050
April
Mar>- H. Coghlan
„
1,000
Jan.
Alice F. Masta
3 B
900
750
Feb
Anita }'>. Bailej'. . .
July
July
.Jan.
Lilya E. Langdon
,,
600
600
Ada M. Tench
„
Vera E. Hood
"
,
600
500
Dec
Marion 0. Neilson
Mar.
Joseph M. McAllister
Messenger
800
Sept.
Wm. A. Downing
800
May
15, 1913
I, 1913
1, 1914
1, 1909
1, 1909
1, 1913
1, 1914
1, 1906
18, 1913
20, 1906
1, 1906
1, 1907
1, 1908
29, 1908
1, 1913
28, 1914
2, 1916
20, 1910
1, 1913
1, 1914
2, 1915
1, 1916
1, 1908
29, 1909
•June
Inly
Nov.
Mar.
Dec.
■Jan.
Jan.
May
.June
April
Aug.
July
Jan.
April
Sept.
Sept.
Dec.
July
July
-Jan.
Dec.
Mar.
Sept.
May
5, 1885
9, 1880
10, 1886
24, 1884
12. 1903
30, 1903
21, 1902
31, 1890
15, 1912
20, 1906
1, 1906
1, 1907
1, 1908
29, 1908
1, 1908
28, 1909
11, 1913
20, 1910
1, 1913
1, 1914
2. 1915
1, 1916
1, 1908
29, 1909
OFFICERS A^'D EMPLOYEES
167
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Return A (1) of Officers and E'nployeas of the Department of Indian Affairs on
April 1, 1916.
HEADQUARTERS— INSIDE SERVICE— Concluded.
Name.
Rank.
Annual
salary.
Date of
Present Rank.
Date
of First
Permanent
Ajipointment.
L.\XD AND TIMBER BRANCH.
William A. Orr....
Alfred E. Kemp . .
Peter J. O'Connor.
Henry J. Bury . . .
Helen (1. Ogilvy...
Emma y. Martin .
Helen (r. Rus.sell...
1 A.
2 A.
Clerk of Lands and Tiuil>erand
Registrar of Land Patents. .
A.s.st.Clerkof Lands and Timber
Clerk
Timber Inspector .-
Clerk
s
3,000
2,100
1 , HoO
1 , (KX)
1 , 1300
1,200
1,100
Feb.
Aug.
April
Dec.
July
July
Jan.
1,
1914
2.
llt02
l'»0!>
lill.-)
litOd
1,
1900
1912
Nov.
Feb.
•luly
Dec.
•Tune
.Sept.
Sept.
SURVEY BRANCH.
Samuel Bray
W: Russel VVhite
Donald Eraser Robertson
Henry J'abien
Katherine E. Boast
1 B.
2 B.
3 B.
Chief Surveyor
Surveyor
Chief Draughtsman
Clerk
2,800
2,300
2,300
1,000
.500
July
1905
July
1913
April
1911
Sept.
1908
Dec.
11,
1915
June 14, 1884
April 1, 1911
Sejn. 1, 1908
Sept. 1, 1908
Dec. 11, 1915
RECORD BRANCH.
Geo. M. Matheson . . .
Cha.s. A.Cooke
Henry Hon jier
Alphonse E. St. Louis.
Gordon Davies
Arthur S. Bourinot. . . .
Thos. H. Osrilvie
Gibson Armstrong
Everett J. Morgan
Chas. A. O'Reilly
William Seale
1 B.
2 B.
3 A
2 B.
3 B.
Registrar .
Clerk. ..
Messenger
April 1,
April 1,
Aug. 1,
Jan. 20,
.Jan. 5,
May 19,
April 1,
Julv 4,
July 8,
Sept. 1,
Mar. 18,
1913
1915
1900
1915
1914
1914
1915
1914
1914
1915
1803
June 21,
July 1,
Aug. 1,
June 29,
.Jan. 5,
May 19,
April 1,
July 4,
July 8,
Sept. 1,
Mar. 18,
SCHOOL BRANCH.
Martin Benson
John D. Sutherland . ...
1 B.
2 A.
2 B.
3 A.
Clerk of Schoi.ls
Clerk
2,300
1,850
1,100
l,05fJ
1,050
Oct.
.-\pril
July
April
April
15, 1913
1, 1911
5. r.iO'.l
1, 1913
1, 1913
Ai.rd 1, 1870
.Ian. 11, 1899
Philip N.L. Phelan
Martha J. Back
Nor.rE. Darby
July 5, 1909
.Sept. 1, 1908
S."pt. 29, 1909
ARCHITECT'S BRANCH.
Robert M. Ogilvie
R. Guerney Orr. . .
Vnnie Doyle
1 B.
3 A.
3 B.
.\rchitect
.Junior Architect
Clerk
2,300
1,200
800
April 1, 1914
April 1, 1'j09
Sept. 1, 1908
Aug. 2.5, 1905
Sept. 1, 1908
Sept. 1, 1908
168
DEPARTME^'T OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
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SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
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7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
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SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
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7 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1917
PART il
REPORTS OF INDIAN AGENTS
REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT
OF INDIAN EDUCATION
2Y— ii— 1
1
7 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1917
REPORTS OF INDIAN AGENTS
REPORT OF W:\[. McLEOD, INDIAN AGENT FOR CITAPLEAU AGENCY,
ONTARIO.
Bands. — This agency consists of the following bands: Robinson Tvaty Indian.^ at
Chapleau, Robinson Treaty Indians at Missinaibi, Treaty No. 9 Crees at Chapleau,
Treaty No. 9 Ojibways at Chapleau, Treaty No. 9 Ojibways at Mattagami, Treaty No.
9 Ojibways at Flyiug Post, Treaty No. 9 Ojibways at Brunswick Post.
Occupations. — These Indians live mostly by hunting and fishing in winter, and in
summer act as guides and work for survey parties. A few around Chapleau are work-
ing on the Canadian Pacific Railway this winter. On account of the unexpected rise
in the fur market, most of the Indians have been able to get along fairly well without
assistance, with the exception of the old and sick.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — These Indians are taking more interest in
gardening tlian in former years, but they have only a few ra^es and hoes.
Stock. — They have a few chickens, gee&e and pigs.
Buildings. — 'The Indians live in small frame housas and tents during the summer
inontha, and in wigwams in winter.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians has been fairly good during
the past year, with the exception of a few fatal cases of consumption. A few also of
the Indians have had grippe. Sanitary conditions are fair.
Characteristics and Progress. — As a rule these Indians are not a saving people;
but a few of them save a little. Several of our Cree Indians have answered the call
of their country. They progress a little each year.
Temperance and !N[orality. — During the past year very few of the Indians have
used intoxicants, to my knowledge. Their morals are fair.
REPORT OF A. J. DUNCAN. INDIAN AGENT FOR THE CPHPFEWAS OF
CAPE CROKER, ONTARIO.
Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the band has been good during the
year. There has been only one death from consumption Sanitation has been observed,
by the use of whitewash in the dwellings.
Buildings. — The dwelling-houses are good; a number of them are stone and they
are nearly all kept neat and cloan. The barns and stabling are not so good.
Stock. — Their stock consists of horses, cattle, pigs and poultry, which receive good
attention.
Farm Implements. — This band has all the implements necessary for cultivating
and harvesting ; but as a rule, these are not very well taken care of.
Occupations. — The chief occupations of these Indians are: farmincr. gardening,
fishing, and basket-making. Quite a number of the younger men sail during the sum-
mer months.
Characteristics and Progress. — Some of the members of this band are industrious
cind progressive; but many of them are not making the advancement they should, con-
sidering the opportunities they have.
Temperance and Morality. — The Indians of this band, geJierally speaking, are tem-
perate, pom^ of them are addicted to the improper use of liquor when they can procure
it in any way.
27— ii— li
4 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
REPORT OF C. J. PICOTTE, INDIAX AGENT FOR THE CHIPPEWAS OF
CHRISTIAN ISLAND, ONTARIO.
Health and Sauitation. — The health of the Indians in general is fairly good.
Although there have been many cases of colds and influenza due to the wet weather
in the early part of the winter, there was no epidemic during the year. Sanitary
precautions are well observed, the homes and premises are generally kept clean.
Occupations. — A few are farming and succeed fairly well; their land is good
and they have good crops, although they do not work their land as they should. Others
prefer working in the mills in summer, and in logging camps in winter; some are
doing very well at fishing and trapping, also guiding for the tourists.
Buildings. — There are some very good frame houses, well kept and painted. The
log houses are whitewashed, and look well. There are some good stables too. The
l)ublic buildings are in excellent order.
Stock. — There are a few good working teams of horses besides some ponies. The
cattle are of the Polled Angus breed and are very good.
Farm Implements. — The farmers have all the implements needed for farming,
but they do not take care of their machinery as they should owing to the fact that
they have no buildings for that purpose.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this band are industrious enough;
they are good mechanics. Their progress is slow, although there is a marked diifer-
encQ in those who devote themselves to farming.
Temperance and Morality. — As a whole, the Indians of this band are temperate;
they are not quarrelsome.
Their morals are fairly good.
REPORT OF J. R. BOURCHIER, INDIAN AGENT FOR THE CHIPPEWAS
OF GEORGINA AND SNAKE ISLANDS, ONTARIO.
Occupations. — 'Eight or ten families depend entirely on the cultivation of their
locations for their livelihood; others work for the farmers on the main land, a few
make baskets, and most of the women make fancy-work, which they dispose of at good
prices to the summer visitors.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — The Indians have all the farm machinery they
require, but do not take very good care of it.
Buildings. — The liouses are generallj- comfortable, a few of them con^paring
favourably with those on the mainland; but a few shacks still are occupied.
Health and Sanitation. — The band as a whole has enjoyed good health during the
past year, except in the month of February, when both old and young suffered from a
severe attack of influenza, but without any serious result.
Characteristics and Progress. — A very few make satisfactory progress, most of
them taking little thought for the future. They are law-abiding.
Temperance and Morality. — There is not an old man on the island who indulges
in liquor, and only a few of the young men make any use of it. I wish I could speak
as well of their morality.
REPORT OF HENRY JANES, INDIAN AGENT FOR THE CHIPPEWAS,
MHNSEES, AND ONEIDAS OF THE THAMES, ONTARIO.
Occupations. — A number of the Indians of these three bands are engaged in farm-
ing, and some are raising some very good stock. About sixty of the young men from
the three bands have enlisted for overseas service. The rest make their living by day
labour among the white people.
REPORTS OF IXDIAN AGENTS 5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Farm ^Machinery and Implements. — The Indians who work their land have some
veiy good machinery- ; but, for lack of proper sheds, the implements have to be left out
of doors much of the time.
Buildings. — There are a few cement block and brick houses on tl"? re.^evvo; iho
rest are frame and log houses. Their barns and stables are not very <ro(Kl.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been very good, except
a few who are suifering from tuberculosis. Sanitary precautions have been well ob-
served. There has been no epidemic of any kind during the past year.
Characteristics and Progress. — ^A large majority of these Indian*^ av<' iudustriov.s
and law-abiding. They appear to be imjproving.
Temperance and^Iorality. — Xearly all of the Munsee band are very temperate.
A number of the Oneidas and Chippewas are addicted to the use of intoxicants. There
is a good deal of immorality practised on the reserves, but less than in former vears.
REPORT OF CHAS. W. :MYERS, IXDIAX AGEN^T FOR THE CHIPPEWAS
OF RAMA, ONTARIO.
Health and Sanitation. — In general the health of the Indians has been very good.
Xo epidemic prevailed among them. Sanitary precautions are well observed : the
houses and their surroundings are well looked after.
Occupations. — The older members do considerable work in their gardens. The
young men are experienced river-drivers; they are also expert canoemen. American
tourists pay the Indians very large wages, because they are trustworthy guides. The
Indian women who make fancy quill and sweet hay work during the winter months
find ready sale for their ware to American tourists at good prices.
Buildings. — Most of their dwelling-houses are frame, and in general kept clean.
The Indians are having more home comforts around them.
Stock. — These Indians do not own much stock. They have splendid milch cows,
and are improving the grade of their horses. Their animals are well looked after dur-
ing the winter.
Farm Implements. — These Indians take good care of their implements; they realize
the cost of them.
Characteristics and Progress. — The members of this band appear to make a good
living. They are well clothed as a rule and are improving their conditions.
Temperance and Morality. — The use of intoxicants on the reserve by the Indians
is now something of the past.
Morality is now viewed from a higher plane of life.
REPORT OF T. MAXAVELL, IXDIAX" AGEX^T FOR THE CHIPPEWAS OF
SARXIA, OXTARIO.
Health and Sanitation. — An epidemic of grippe has been prevalent in each of the
reserves this winter, necessitating the closing of one school and reducing the attend-
ance of the others to a minimum. The result was great distress and much suffering
among many families, so that an appeal for aid had to be made to the department at
Ottawa. At Kettle Point a number of cases developed into pneumonia, three of which
proved fatal. On the Sarnia reserve there were also three deaths from tuberculosis.
Occupations. — The principal occupations of these Indians is farming. Some oi
the Indian? rent their river front property for fishing purposes. Many of the younirer
men find employment in the lumber yards of the city and at the oil refinery, while
others work on the docks in the summer-time. Some of the women make baskets and
fancy articles of sweet grass or bead-work, which they sell in the city, or to the
campers along the shore in the summer season.
6 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Farm Machinery and Implements.— Many of the Indians have the necessary
machinery and implements to conduct their farming operations successfully and these
are generally fairly well cared for. , . , .
Buildings.— On the Sarnia reserve there is a good brick school-house, which is
well equipped; an Anglican church, a Methodist church, which has been repaired and
re-decorated at a cost of $1,000 ; a large frame parsonage, which has also been repaired
and put in good order, and a fine new brick council-house, which cost $4,500. Kettle
Point has two frame churches, Anglican, and Methodist, a frame school-house and a
council-house, also a hall used for exhibition purposes at the fall fair.
Stony Point has a frame school and a Methodist church. These are all in good
condition and well cared for.
Characteristics and Progress.— The more intelligent Indians of the tribe are indus-
trious and consequently prosperous, while many seem to lack ambition to improve
themselves or their condition and therefore are thriftless and poor.
Temperance and Morality. — Some of the Indians on this reserve have a strong
inclination to indulge in intoxicants whenever opportunities occur. There is also room
for improvement in the morals of some of the younger members of the tribe.
KEPORT OF T. A. STOUT, INDIAN AGEXT FOR THE CHIPPEWAS OF
SAUGEEN", ONTARIO.
Health and Sanitation.— The health of the Indians has been fairly good during
the past year. There is always a certain amount of sickness during the winter months.
Grippe has been very bad this year and has taken several of the older Indians, but alto-
gether they have come through the winter very well.
Sanitary precautions have been very well observed on the reserve. Most of the
houses are very neat and clean.
Occupations. — The majority of the Indians cultivate their holdings. Last year
there was quite a marked improvement in the growing of potatoes and corn, but this
year so many of them have enlisted in service of the King and country that there will
not be as many to work at home. They engage in basket-making, rustic work, work-
ing in saw-mills and factories, pulling flax, berry picking, making maple syrup; and
a good many of them help on the farms in the harvest time. They also take out dead
and fallen timber.
Buildings. — The public buildings are all very good and in good repair; private
buildings are also very good and in most cases are kept very well repaired and very
comfortable. There has been one nice large barn built this year.
Stock. — The stock consists of horses, cattle and hogs. These Indians do not keep
very much stock. There are quite a number of horses and cows, but only a few of the
Indians keep hogs. They do not seem to be able to get enough fodder to keep their
animals over winter, but most of them keep their animals in very good condition.
Farm Implements. — The Indians have all the implements necessary for success-
fully cultivating and harvesting the crop grown. Of these they take very good care.
Characteristics and Progress. — Most of the Indians are fairly industrious. I
think that as they are getting out more among the white people they are following'
their example. There are quite a number that work well all the year round.
Temperance and Morality. — A few of the Indians on this reserve are addicted
to using intoxicants to excess; but, as a whole, they are doing better. Many of them
are otherwise immoral, but we are doing all we can to try to improve them in
this respect.
JRE PORTS OF IXniAX AdEyiS 7
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
EEPORT OF JOHN P. WRIGHT, INDIAN AGENT FOR FORT FRANCES
AGENCY, ONTARIO.
Bands. — This agency comprises the following bands: Hungry Hall Nos. 1 and 2,
Long Sault Nos. 1 and 2, Manitou Rapids Nos. 1 and 2, Little Forks (these seven
bands have been amalgamated on the Manitou Rapids reserve, but retain their indi-
viduality) Couchiching, Stangecoming, Niacatchewcnin, Nickickonsemenecaning, Seine
River, Lac la Croix, Sturgeon Lake and Buffalo Bay.
Occupations. — Hunting and fishing are the chief occupations of these Indians.
They work in saw-mills, on steamboats, and for settlers, river-driving, acting as
guides, and taking out dead and fallen timber on their reserves. They do little, if
any, farming, but we hope to see an improvement in the next few years. Seven have
enlisted in the 141st battalion for active service.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — The amalgamated band on the Manitou
Rapids reserve have an implement shed, built last fall, where all the farm machinery
is kept, under the supervision of the farm instructor.
Buildings. — There are a number who have good frame houses, but the majority
have good log buildings with shingle roofs, and taken as a whole these are comfortable
and well kept.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians in this agency has been
fairly good, no epidemics having occurred. I consider that all the Indians in this
agency have been well vaccinated. Most of them keep their premises clean.
Characteristics and Progress. — The majority of these Indians are industrious
and law-abiding; but progress has been slow. The seven Rainy River bands have been
amalgamated on the Manitou Rapids reserve and seem desirous of going into farming
and stock-raising. They built 2.3 new houses last fall and cleared some land. The
department has built a combined school and teacher's residence on this reserve; also
a stable and storehouse. This school will accommodate 60 pupils, and was opened
on March 13, 1916, with 29 pupils on -the roll. A farm instructor has been appointed
and is doing good work.
Temperance and Morality. — The majority of these Indians are addicted to the
use of intoxicants. In other respects they are fairly moral.
REPORT OF PATRICK RANKINS, INDI^VN AGENT FOR GOLDEN LAKE
AGENCY, ONTARIO.
Tribe. — The Indians of this agency belong to the Algonquin tribe
Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has b•^-^^. fnirl.v good. Thor?
were two cases of tuberculosis. There has been no epidemic during the past year.
Sanitary precautions have been well obser^-ed. As a rule the houses are kept neat
and clean.
Occupations. — These Indians do very little farminr:. They vf.-rk with lumber
camps in winter, and river-driving in spring. A number engage in making mitts and
moccasins and siiowshoes. Others are employed by sportsmen as iruides.
Buildings. — Their dwellings are fairly comfortable, but are generally small.
Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are fairlj- industrious. They are
progressive and law-abiding.
Temperance and Morality. — In these respects, conditions have greatly improved
in the past year.
8 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
REPORT OF F. W. BAXTER, IXDIAX AGEXT FOR GORE BAY AGENCY,
OXTARIO.
Bands. — The following bands are included in this agency: West Bay, Shesheg-
waning, Obidgewong, and Cockburn Island.
Occupations. — Farming and stock-raising are the principal ccciipatious; other
occupations are loading timber, working in saw-mills in the summer months, and in
the lumber camps in winter.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — ^All the bands have good machinery, and take
good care of it.
Buildings. — ^Most of the buildings are of log, with the exception of a few nice
frame houses and barns. The buildings art kept in good repair.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians in this agency is very good.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians are industrious and law-abiding ?iid
are giving more attention to their farms than in the past.
Temperance and Morality. — The moral standard of the Indians is very good.
REPORT OF R. S. McKEXZIE, EXDIAX AGEXT FOR KEXORA AND
SAVAXXE AGEXCIES, OXTARIO.
KENORA AGENCY.
Bands. — This agency comprises the following bands : Assabaska, Big Island, the
Dalles, Islington, Xorthwest Angle Xo. 33, Xorthwest Angle Xo. 34, Xorthwest Angle
Xo. 37, Rat Portage, Shoal Lake Xo. 39, Shoal Lake Xo. 40, and Whitefish Bay, all of
the Ojibbewa tribe.
Occupations. — The principal occupations are: hunting, fishing, taking out lumber,
and as canoemen and guides for tourists. The members of the Whitefish Bay band
have taken out a lot of lumber this winter, which has been a. great help to them during
the winter. Several other bands have also taken out cord-wood, .ind timbc^r, which liave
them sufficient to support their families. Furs have gone up in price; this has helped
the Indians to make a living.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — They are well supplied with all they require
for the amount of farming they do, all of which is well taken care of, and prcperly
housed in the fall for the winter months.
Buildings. — The buildings are of logs, well built, comfortable and kept neat and
clean. The majority of the Indians have their houses nicely furnished with good
substantial furniture.
Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the bands has been good. Three
deaths have occurred during the year, two from' old age, and one ircnn consumption.
All cases of illness are promptly attended to by Dr. Ferguson. Sanitary iweoaiitions
are well observed on the majority of the reserves. Vaccination is well attended to by
the doctor, who takes an interest in the welfare of the Indians.
Characteristic and Progress. — A number of the bands are very indolent, and prefer
roaming about in their old mode of life, from place to place, rather than do any manual
labour for support. I am pleased to say that the majprity of the bands are industrious
and making fair progress; they are law-abiding and civil.
Temperance and Morality. — A large number of these Indians are addicted to the
improper use of intoxicants; but as a very strict watch is kept over them here, I find
a marked improvement during the year. In other respects their moral standard is
fairly good.
REPORTS OF IXDIAS' AGE^'TS 9
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
SAVANXE AGENCY.
Bands. — This agency comprises the following bands: Eagle Lake, Frenchman's
Head, Grassy Narrows, Ignace, Lac des mille lacs, Lac Seul, Wabigoon, and Wabus-
kang.
Occupations. — The following are the chief occupations of these Indians: workino;
for the Hudson's Bay Company as canoemen and freighters, in lumber camps, on rail-
roads, hunting, fishing, and as guides to tourists, attending to their gardens and potato
patches, berry and wild rice picking. Any of the Indians who have cattle take fairly
good care of them; there are only a few who have any stock. The Indians do not take
any interest in this industry, saying that stock is more of a detriment than a benefit to
them, owing to the life thoy are obliged to live.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — These Indians do very little farming; they
are well supplied with all the implements and tools required, and take good care
of them.
Buildings. — The buildings are of logs, well built, of fair size and well ventilated,
kept clean and comfortable, and in the majority of cases they are well supplied witli
good and substantial furniture and bedding.
Health and Sanitation. — Sanitary precautions have been fairly well carried out,
and all the Indians have been, as far as possible, vaccinated, and all persons suffering
from any contagious disease have been isolated and cared for. The general health of
the bands has been fairly good. There have been a few deaths during the year from
old iige, consumption, and other causes; but not more than could be expected out of a
population of over 1,100 Indians.
Characteristics and Progress. — The majority of these Tndian.s are industrious and
making good progress, while there is a portion of them that is very indolent, and do
nothing but roam about from place to place. They are law-abiding and civil.
Temperance and Morality. — A large number of these Indians are much addicted
to the use of intoxicants, which they can procure almost any time along the lines of
the railroads and other places. Owing to the large territory they occupy, it is not
possible to keep a strict watch over them, as I liave quite enough work at my office to
keep me busy all the time. I am pleased, however, to say that there is a marked im-
provement in the past year.
Their morals are fairly good, with a few exceptions.
EEPORT OF E. J. LEWIS, INDIAN AGENT FOE MANITOWANING AGENCY,
ONTAEIO.
Bands. — This agency comprises the following bands: Whitefish Eiver, "Whitefish
Lake, Sucker Creek, Sheguiandah. Sucker Lake, Point Grondin, Tahgaiwinini,
Spanish Eiver No. 3, South Bay. and Manitoulin Island Unccded.
Occupations. — A great number of these Indians work their locations, they raise
cattle, horses, pigs, sheep and fowls. Quite a number fish, hunt, work in saw-mills,
load boats with lumber and ties in the summer, act as guides to surveyors and pros-
pectors, and make railway ties and work in lumber camps during the winter. The
women make fancy sweet grass and birch bark work, baskets, knit socks and mittens,
and pick berries.
Farm Implements. — Those cultivating their land are well supplied with modern
farm implements, which are well taken care of.
Buildings. — The houses of the Indians are very comfortable, but are mostly log,
which are whitewashed, all are kept clean and in good repair. Some of the Indians
who follow farming have good barns and stables.
10 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Health and Sanitation. — The health of these bands has been very good for the
past year. No contagious diseases have visited the reserves. Grippe was somewhat
severe among the Indians last winter, but without any fatal results. Sanitary precau-
tions are well observed.
Characteristics and Progress. — During the past year I can say that there has been
much progress, especially among those who are farming. A majority of the Indians
are striving to better their circumstances. These Indians are all fairly industrious and
law-abiding, and their condition is improving from year to year.
Temperance and Morality. — "With few exceptions the Indians of this agency are
moral and temperate.
General Remarks. — The winter of 1915-16 has been very mild, and during the
past summer the Indians had the best crop of hay and grain on record; so the horses
and cattle throughout this agency wintered well and with no loss. The lumbering
industry in this district has been very good, which enabled the young Indians to earn
fair wages during the winter. On the whole the Indians in this agency are in a better
condition financially than they have ever been before. About twenty of the young men
of the Manitotdin Island Unceded band have enlisted with the 119th battalion.
REPORT OF W. R. COYLE, INDIAN AGENT FOR THE MISSISSAGUAS OF
ALNWICK, ONTARIO.
Occupations. — A number of the Indians work their own land and are doing fairly
well, but the majority rent their holdings to white farmers contiguous to the reserve.
A few earn good wages by working as farm-hands during the summer months. A few
act as guides to tourists. Twenty-four members of this band have enlisted for over-
seas service; four of their number have been in the trenches, one of whom was killed
in action in France.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — Nearly all kinds of machinery and imple-
ments are in use on this reserve, and are very well taken care of.
Buildings. — The dwelling-houses are chiefly frame buildings. A few have added
,to the appearance of their homes by painting them. A few barns have stone founda-
tions.
Health and Sanitation. — Generally speaking, the health of this band has been
fairly good for the past year. Whooping cough was prevalent on the reserve during
November and December and a few cases of measles have developed during the month
of March, but without any fatal restdts. Sanitary precautions are pretty well observed
on this reserve. Two houses were disinfected during the year. The majority of these
Indians keep their houses clean and tidy.
Characteristics and Progress. — A number of this band are industrious and intelli-
gent and are desirable citizens, but the majority prefer to adhere to their old custom
of living, although an improvement is expected from the pupils now attending school.
Temperance and Morality. — A few of the young men will indulge if an opportunity
is given them to use liquor. Their morals are fairly good with few exceptions.
REPORT OF W. C. VAN LOON, INDIAN AGENT FOR THE MISSISSAGUAS
OF THE CREDIT, ONTARIO.
Occupations. — General farming is the principal means of making a living; some
are very successful farmers, quite equal to the best of the whites in the surrounding
country ; others without means lease their land and hire out as farm labourers. Twenty-
five of the younger men have enlisted for active service in the European war; five
others applied and were rejected
REPORTS OF lyOHy AGENTS 11
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Farm Machinery and Implements.— Those engaged in farming are fairly well
supplied with necessary implements, which, with very few exceptions, are well taken
care of.
Buildings. — There was some improvement during the year, but not as much as in
the previous year; however, on the whole the buildings on this reserve are very com-
fortalile and kept in good repair.
Health and Sanitation. — "Wliile there was no contagious disease of any kind dur-
ing the year, there was considerable sickness, mostly among the older inhabitants. The
health committee is most energetic in carrying out all sanitary measures.
Characteristics and Progress. — A large majority of these Indians are industrious
and law-abiding. Those cultivating their land are progressing steadily, improving
their holdings by erecting new fences, overhauling and enlarging buildings, etc. In
many cases where land is leased a portion of the rent is expended in necessary
improvements. On the whole, I can say that this band is becoming better off each year.
Temperance and ]\rorality. — A large majority are temperate and moral. This ia
especially true of those residing on the reserve. Some of the younger members who
work around Hamilton and on fruit farms in the surrounding country get good wages
and spend considerable of their earnings for liquor, which they have no trouble to pro-
cure whcii they have the money.
EEPOET OF K. J. McCAMUS, INDIAN AGENT FOE THE MISSISSAGUAS
OF EICE AND MUD LAKES, ONTAEIO.
Occupations. — A number of the Indians work their own locations and are making
fair progress. Some of the young men hire with the farmers for the summer months;
others hunt, fish, and act as guides for the tourists. When the tourist season is over,
the rice is ready for gathering, at which very good wages can be made for a few days.
Ten of the young men have enlisted for overseas service.
Farm Implements and Machinery. — Those cultivating their locations are well sup-
plied with modern implements, which are well taken care of.
Stock. — The farmers have very good horses ; they also keep cattle, pigs and poultry,
which are well cared for and comfortably housed.
Buildings. — The farmers are taking a great interest in their barns; quite a num-
ber of them are on stone foundations with stabling in the basement. Most of the
houses are frame and are kept in fairly good repair.
Health and Sanitation. — Generally speaking, the Indians of these bands are robust
and healthy. With the exception of an epidemic of measles in the Eice Lake band and
some grippe in Mud Lake, there has been no sickness of a serious nature during tlie
year. Their homes are kept clean and tidy.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of these two bands are anxious to
improve their condition, but find it difficult to break away from the old way of living.
They are industrious, but spend freely. The farmers are making good progress.
Temperance and Morality. — The majority are temperate and moral; there are very
few exceptions to this rule. They will compare quite favovirably with the average
white population.
EEPOET PF J. W. CEOZIEE, INDIAN AGENT FOR THE MISSISSAGUAS
OF SCUGOG, ONTAEIO.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the members of tlie band for 'he past year
has been fairly good. A mild epidemic of la grippe and measles was prevalent on the
reserve during March, but no serious trouble resulted therefrom. There are traces cf
that terrible disease tuberculosis in the band, which we are trying to stamp out.
12 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Occupations. — The younger members , are industrious, either engaging in fa.-rniug
for themselves or working for the whites. The older members are not so industrious;
they do a little fishing and trapping, but there is no money in it, as fish is very scarce
and fur-bearing animals are scarce, and there are a great number of trapper;,. The
women engage in basket-making and do good work, but the fancy work done by them is
excellent. <
Buildings. — The buildings are nearly all frame, and in general very well kept.
Stock. — There is not much stock kept. They have some fairly good horses and
some cattle (though few in number) and there is a marked improvement in the
care given to the stock.
Farm Implements. — A fairly large number of implements are used and the owners
are taking better care of them.
Characteristics and Progress. — The members of this band are law-abiding and
fairly progressive, but merely holding their own as to worldly possessions, as it seems
very hard for an Indian to hold any money over night.
Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are considered moral, and some are
temperate; but many of them indulge in liquor when they can get it, and they get
plenty.
KEPORT OF G. M. CAMPBELL, INDIAN AGENT FOE. THE MOHAWKS OF
THE BAY OF QUINTE, ONTARIO.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been good for the past year.
No contagious disease visited this reserve during the year, and only two have died of
tuberculosis of the lungs.
Occupations. — The majority of the Indians of this band engage in general farming
and stock-raising, and dairying and growing large quantities of corn, peas, beans, and
tomatoes for the canning factory at Deseronto. A number of the Indians and their
families work in canning factories in adjoining counties, and in the cement mills at
Point Anne.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — 'The enterprising Indians are taking good
care of their farm n>£iehinery, and have sheds to store them in when not in use.
Buildings. — A number of the Indians take pride in painting and improving their
buildings, and on the whole the buildings on this reserve are in good repair.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians are improving their farms by fencing
and setting out orchards of apples, cherries, plums and other .small fruits. The
majority of the Indians on this reserve are industrious, well behaved, and law-abiding
citizens. •
Temperance and Morality. — The majority of the Indians are temperate and moral,
while there are a few that spend nearly all their money on strong drink, which they
get at neighbouring towns.
EEPORT OF EDWIN BEATTIE. INDIAN AGENT FOR THE MORAYTANS
OF THE THAMES. ONTARIO.
Occupations. — Farming is the chief occupation of the band. The young men
work for farmers in the district, and also in saw-mills, brickyards and canning fac-
tories. Flax-pulling is another of their occupations. They grow considerable garden
produce for the canning factories. The canning companies employ considerable Indian
labour. A number of girls go out to domestic service and give good satisfaction.
Buildings. — The reserve has a number of good residences, several new buildings
having been erected in recent years.
liEPORTS OF IXDHy AGEyTS 13
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Stock. — Some stock is kept of fairly good quality. It consists chielly of horses,
cattle and pigs, and poultry. The stock is usually sold to dealers.
Farm Implements. — These Indians have a fair supply of farm implements, and
would like more; what they have they use intelligently.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians is fair; whooping cough and
measles have been prevalent; otherwise their health has been good. Sanitation is
attended to, and the Indians are frequently advised to regard cleanliness and abstin-
ence as important conditions in maintaining th^ir health. Their promises are usually
clean and well kept.
Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are very good people and like to
progress. One of the largest Indian fairs in Ontario is held on this reserve. A new
grand stand has recently been built. The fair is managed by the Indians themselves
and has a larger attendance than many white fairs. Some drainage is being carried
out on the reserve, which wall improve their farms. Considering their difficulties, they
are making fair progress.
Temperance and Morality. — These Indians always require oversight and watchful-
ness. There are breaches, but the condition is fair and we hope to improve matters in
those particulars. I think there is an improvement in their temperance.
"REPORT OF A. D. McXABB, IXDIAX AGEXT FOR THE OJIBBE AS OF
LAKE SUPERIOR, EASTERX DIVISION, ONTARIO.
There are three bands included in this agency: Garden River band, residing on
the Garden River reserve nine miles east of Sault Ste. Marie; Batchawana band,
residing at Goulais Bay, Batachawana Bay, Gros Cap, Sault Ste. Marie, and Garden
River; and the Michipiooten band, residing on its reserve at Little Gros Cap near
Michipieoten Harbour, and a few families residing at Michipicoten River.
Health and Sanitation. — The Indians of this agency have been enjoying fairly
good health. There have been several deaths from tuberculosis. This winter there was
an epidemic of grippe and whooping cough at the Garden River reserve, and a few cases
of the same diseases at Goulais Bay and Batchawana. The Garden River and Batcha-
wana bands have made improvements in the sanitation of their dwelling-houses, these
are as a rule kept clean and tidy. They are learning the great benefit of fresh air.
Occupations. — The Garden River band has turned its attention to farming on a
much larger scale than usual. These Indians take great interest in their work, and
during the past season with the assistance of the department they had good crops of
oats, peas and vegetables of all kinds. Potatoes grown at Garden River brought 25
cents a bag more on the market than those grown on clay land. These Indians also
competed at the Central Algoma Agricultural Fall fair in horses and vegetables, and
they took several prizes. In the coming season I am looking for far better results. The
weather at harvest time was not at all favourable, and a quantity of grain was spoiled
but with all the drawbacks, they threshed over 2,500 bushels of oats, besides other grain
such as barley.
The Batchawana band residing at Goulais Bay and Batchawana Bay do not farm ;
their land is not suitable for farming. They have small gardens where they raise
potatoes and a few vegetables. They make a living by fishing and working in the
lumber woods, loading vessels at saw-mills, and a little hunting and trapping. The
members of the Michipicoten band live chiefly by hunting and trapping.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — The fJardon Kivor Ijnnd has a nuni'ncr of farm
implement*, and these are well taken care of by the different owners.
The band in common owns a plough, smoothing harrow, a disc harrow, seeder, and
are two-thirds owner in a Sterling threshing machine, the other one-third being owned
by the Shingwauk and Wawanosh Home. The machine is stored at the Shingwauk
Home; the other articles are stored in a rented building at Garden River.
14 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAS AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
The Batchawana band residing at Goulais Bay has a plough and harrow and the
neessary garden tools. These are well looked after. The Michipicoten band has no
implements excepting a few hoes and garden rakes.
Stock. — All the bands in this agency, excepting the Michipicoten band, have horses,
cattle, pigs and poultry. All are well cared for : they have plenty of feed, and g^od
warm stables.
The Garden River band purchased a thoroughbred Aberdeen Angus bull during
the past summer, to improve their cattle; in addition they purchased through the
department seven young mares mostly Clydes, to assist in farming and raising a better
stock of horses on the reserve.
Buildings. — The dwelling-houses are log and frame, and are kept warm and clean.
The barns are nearly all log buildings and are very comfortable.
Characteristics and Progress. — The majority of the Indians in this agency are
industrious and good workers; there are a few who are shiftless and lazy.
The Batchawana and Goulais Bay Indians are expert fishermen, and they niake a
good living at this work.
The members of the Michipicoten band are good hunters and trappers; thev do
very little fishing.
Most of the members of the Garden River band are excellent workers. The
younger men follow lumbering in its different branches; they are expert woodsmen
and river-drivers, and they command the highest wages for this kind of work.
The middle-aged and old men are turning their attention to the land for their
living. They are beginning to see that by a little ;^erseverance they will soon^bo ;is
well off as their white neighbors, and, if they carry out their present intentions, this
will be a prosperous farming community in a very few years.
They have the best of farm-land; they are getting somx? stock and implem.ento,
and the men are bound to succeed, and I cannot see anything to keep them back.
Temperance and Morality. — I have had less trouble during the past year with
intemperance than I have had since I took this agency in June, 1912. There have
been very few oases of intoxication and more especially so since the appointment of
Mr. Thomas Thibault as chief constable. The great majority of these Indians are
moral and are good church-goers and citizens.
There are a few who are living immoral lives in spite of all the clergy and myself
can do.
We are continually trying to put a stop to their way of living, but we ca^mot do
much, as neither the Criminal Code nor the Indian Act applies, and moral persuasion
does not succeed.
REPORT OF W. RUSSELL BROWN, INDIAN AGENT FOR THE OJIBBEWAS
OF LAKE SUPERIOR, WESTERN DIVISION, ONTARIO.
Bands.— This agency is one of the largest in the Dominion and comprises the fol-
lowing bands: Fort William, Lake Nipigon, Long Lake, Martin Falls, Pays Plat, I'ie
River, and Red Rock.
Occupations.— The Fort William Indians are located on tjie outskirts of Iw>rt
William and find odd jobs around the city. They also take out cord v-od during the
winter, and some are engaged in fishing during the open s^\as.-)u. The Red Rock band
is located on the famous Nipigon river. These people act as guides for the tourists
and are expert canoemen. Most of the other bands live entirely by hunting r.nd fishing.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — The Indians on most of the reserves have done
no farming outside of growing a few potatoes.
Buildings. — Good frame and log houses are located on some of the reserves. biH
many of the Indians still follow the old bush life and live in teepees.
ItEPORTS OF IXniAX AGENTS 15
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Characteristics and Progress. — Some are industrious, while others are shiftless and
lazy. Not more than two or three Indians in the agency have bank accounts. Some of
them made money catching live foxes two years ago, but this was spent quickly and
foolishly.
Health and Sanitation. — Deaths have been numerous during the year. Tuberculo-
sis is responsible for fully eighty per cent.
On the Fort William reserve one boy died of diphtheria, but precautions were
taken immediately and no other cases developed.
Temperance and Morality. — Most of these Indians drink to excess when liquor
can be obtained. The families of the intemperate Indians are always half starved and
insufficiently clothed. Some children have fainted in school through hunger.
The wiping out of the liquor traffic means a great stride forward for our Indians.
The War. — Some thirty-five of the young men from this agency are fighting the
Empire's battles in Europe. They make splendid soldiers and are among the cleverest
snipers on the firing line. Many more would enlist if a special effort were made to
secure them.
REPOKT OF ALEXANDER LOGAN, INDIAN SUPERINTENDENT
FOR PARRY SOUND AGENCY, ONTARIO.
There are a lot of Christian Island Indians living on the reserve, also some half-
breeds and non-treaty Indians from other reserves. They all belong to the Ojibbewa
tribe.
The health has been fairly good this past year, but a few have died of tuberculosis,
which is rather prevalent among the Indians generally.
Occupations. — Their principal occupation is guiding for the tourists in summer,
and many of them get work at Depot Harbour and Parry Sound, loading boats, etc.
In religion they are about equally divided between ]\fethodists and Rom ui Catholics.
Temperance. — They are as a rule well-behaved, but some of the young fellows have
been getting liquor lately and it is hard to induce them to tell where they get it.
SHAWAXAGA BAND.
Occupations. — The members of this band do not do very much farming. Some
guide in the tourist season, others work at the INfunition Plant at Nobel, and some in
the lumber woods.
Characteristics. — These Indians are fairly well-behaved, except when they get
whisky. They are not very industrious and do not take very well to farming.
MAGANATAWAX BAND.
These Indians have a piece of ground near Byng Inlet where they grow consider-
able garden produce, which they sell to the people of Byng Inlet. Some of them work
in the saw-mills at the Inlet and on the river.
IIENVEY INLET BAND.
A number of these Indians live at Killarney.
Occupations. — Fishing, hunting, and berry-picking are their occupations. Some
of the younger men find work in the saw-mills in the vicinity.
GIBSON BAND.
The Indians on this reserve belong to the Iroquois tribe.
Some of them have very fair farms and good stock.
The men have had plenty of work this last winter, taking out the burnt hemlock
timber.
The general health of this band is good. A few of them have enlisted for active
service.
16 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
REPORT OF CHARLES McGIBBON, ACTING SUPERINTENDENT EOR
THE SIX NATION INDIANS, ONTARIO.
Health and Sanitation. — During the past year the average health was good.
There were four or five cases of diphtheria and scarlet fever on the reserve. Only one
death resulted from diphtheria. Tuberculosis is slightly on the decrease, and more
care is taken in preventing contagion. All houses where any disease has been are
always fumigated under the direction of the medical oificer of the reserve.
An efficient board of health assists the medical officer in enforcing sanitary
measures. The medical officer and the board of health have taken advantage of
every opportunity to urge improved dwellings, cleaner surroundings, particular care
in regard to drinking water, and the general observance of the laws of health.
Occupations. — General farming is the chief means of making a living. The
crops for the past year were above the average, the hay crop being large and realizing
good prices. Many of the younger members seek employment oft" the reserve as farm
labourers and domestic help. All the contracts let on the reserve during the year have
been done by the Indians. A large amount of small fruit, vegetables and dairy pro-
duce is weekly offered for sale by the Indiana on the Brantford and Hagersville
markets. The Indians are taking more interest in dairy, and creamery routes have
been started on the reserve.
Buildings. — A steady improvement in buildings continues.
Stock. — A greater interest is taken in the raising of stock.
Farm Implements. — These Indians have., all the implements that are generally
used on the farm, and almost every farmer is well supplied with implements, and these
are well taken care of.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians are generally industrious, progres-
sive, and law-abiding. Quite a number obtain regulair employment in Brantford,
Hamilton and other cities and towns.
The Six Nations Agricultural fair, wholly under the management of Indians, had
its usual three days' fair. It was most successful both in attendance and in the qual-
ity and quantity of its exhibits. In fact the entries were the largest in the history of
the society.
The Farmers' Institute and the Women's Institute held their meetings in the
council-house, and were largely attended. A great interest is taken by the Indians
in these meetings. Daily and weekly newspapers and agricultural journals have a
large circulation on the reserve.
The public roads and bridges are kept in good condition under the direction of
the path-masters, who are appointed by the council at the January meeting.
IMany Indians have bank deposits and transact business by cheques.
During the past year many Indians from the Six Nation Reserve have enlisted
in the 114th Battalion, Brock's Rangers. The officers in charge of the battalion expect
to have a full company of Indians by the time they go into camp. The officers and
non-commissioned officers are mostly Indians.
Temperance and Morality. — The Indians are generally temperate in their habits
and assist in the effort to prevent the use of intoxicants on the reserve. Several tem-
perance societies assist and hold regular meetings.
The morality of the Indians is improving.
REPORT OF GEORGE P. COCKBURN, INDIAN AGENT FOR THE
STURGEON FALLS AGENCY, ONTARIO,
Bands. — This agency comprises the following bands : Dokis, Matatchewan, Nipis-
sing and Timagami.
Occupations.— The majority of the Indians in this agency follow the Indian mode
of making a living by hunting and fishing and acting as guides to tourists and survey
I
REPORT."^ OF IXDIAX AGENTS 17
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
parties who frequent this district each season. They also worked in hiniber ramii-
during the past winter, owing to the stress of the fur market caused by the European
war. The Indians are cutting pulp-wood for sale, for which they have a ready market
at a good price. Others make canoes, suowshoes and axe-handles, which they market
in the adjoining towns and villages. A number of the men have enlisted for over-
seas service.
Farm ^Machinery and Implements. — Those who farm are well supplied with imple-
ments, and take good care of them.
Buildings. — The dwellings of the Dokis and Nipissing bands are exceptionally
good, and a number compare favourably with buildings in the adjoining towns in the
district. The majority of the Timagami Indians live in tents or teepees.
The Matatchewan Indians have a number of comfortable log dwellings upon their
reserve. ^ •
On the whole the Indians are continually improving their buildings and are taking
more interest in improving their out-buildings for the better protection of stock dur-
ing the winter months.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians has been good and free from
any epidemic during the year. Tuberculosis, while still prevalent, is on the decrease.
Indians are erecting better dwellings and learning the nature of the disease and taking
"necessary precaution to prevent it.
The health of the Xipissing and Dokis bands has been exceptionally good. They
keep their premises clean, and isolate persons having contagious disease. They dress
well and keep their dwellings comfgrtable.
The health of the Timagami and Matatchewan bands has not been as good as for-
merly. They are careless about sanitation owing to their manner of living, but are
showing improvements in this respect.
During the year a large number were vaccinated.
Characteristics and Progress. — The majority of the Indians are industrious and
are continually improving their conditions. This is very noticeable in their manner of
living, in the care of their children, and the general effect upon the reserve. They are
making good progress and are law-abiding.
Temperance and Morality. — There is a marked improvement in regard to temper-
ance, but there are always a few who will get liquor whenever an opportunity offers.
During the year a number of persons have been convicted for supplying intoxicants;
this has had a goo(i effect.
Generally, these Indians are moral.
EEPORT OF SAMUEL HAGAN", INDIAN AGEXT FOR THESSALON
AGENCY, ONTAEIO.
Bands. — This agency comprises the following bands: Mississagi Eiver, Serpent
Eiver. and Spanish River, First and Second Divisions, and Thessalon.
Tribes. — All the Indians in this agency are Ojibbewas.
Health. — The health of the Indians of this agency has been good during the past
year.
Occupations. — They are chiefly employed in loading vessels and working at saw-
mills.
Buildings. — Their buildings are fair and with a few exceptions are kept clean and
in a good sanitary condition.
Implements. — They take good care of their implements.
Stock. — They have some good cattle, and take good care of them.
Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are fairly industrious, and are get-
ting along better every year.
Temperance and Morality. — A great many of them are fond of liquor, and loose in
their morals; others are quite respectable. On the whole they are imjjroving each year.
27— ii— 2
18 . DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
EEPOET OF THOS. A. McCALLUM, INDIAN AGENT FOR WALPOLE
ISLAND AGENCY, ONTARIO.
Bands. — This agency comprises two bands, the Chippewas and the Pottawattomies.
These bands get along harmoniously together and conduct council business in a
way that would astonish some people.
Occupations. — The greater number of these Indians are engaged in farming,
some of them quite successfully. A number of the young men work in factories and
make a success of it. We have a number of our Indian girls working in the cities
for white people, and doing well.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — A few of the Indians take good care of their
implements, others are careless and do not look after them.
Buildings. — Che Indians are building better houses and putting up more of them.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians on this reserve is good. We
have had none of the diseases or epidemics that have been prevalent in other years.
The sanitation is not good; our drainage is very bad and stagnant water stands
in creeks till late in the summer until it evaporates.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this reserve are industrious, sober
and law-abiding citizens. They are becoming richer. '
Temperance and Morality. — There is very little intemperance on this island.
There are a few Indians who are addicted to drink, but there are many that are strict-
ly total abstainers. As for the morality of the Indians, this reserve will compare
favourably with other reserves. /
REPORT OF REV. JOHN SEMMENS, INSPECTOR FOR LAKE OF THE
WOODS INSPECTORATE, ONTARIO.
The headquarters of this inspectorate is Winnipeg, Manitoba.
The area supervised embraces the Kenora, Savanne and Fort Frances agencies,
all in the province of Ontario except Buffalo Bay reserve, at the southwestern extremity
of the Lake of the Woods, which is in Manitoba.
The Kenora agency covers the Lake of the Woods, Shoal Lake, and a portion of
the Winnipeg river as far as the Dalles and Islington.
The Savanne agency extends from Eagle Lake eastward along the line of the Cana-
dian Pacific railway to Ignace and Lac des Mille Lacs, from Minaki along the line of
the Grand Trunk Pacific railway eastward to Sioux-Lookout; thence northward to
Frenchmans Head and Lac Seul; thence down the English river to Wabascaw and
Grassy Narrows.
The Fort Frances agency includes the country along the Rainy river to Fort
Frances, the Rainy lake, Seine river, Namakun lake, Lac le Croix and Sturgeon lake.
One reserve is on the Lake of the Woods.
Both the Kenora agency and the Savanne agency are under the care of Mr. R. S.
McKenzie. whose office is in the town of Kenora, Ontario.
The Fort Frances agency is superintended by Mr. J. P. Wright, who resides in
the town of Fort Frances, Ontario.
It has been thought advisable to establish an agency at Sioux Lookout for the
greater encouragement, better protection, and closer supervision of the Indians of the
Savanne agency; because the great distance of this eastern section from the agent at
Kenora renders it impracticable for hirn to give all the attention to this portion of
work that circumstances seem to demand. No final action has yet been taken, but it is
hoped that the department will be able to carry this project into effect in the near
future.
REPOHTS OF IXDIAX AGESTS 19
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
KEXORA AGENCY.
This agency has 11 bands of Indians, all of whom speak the language of the ancient
Ojibways, from whom they have descended. These people are hunters and tisherinen,
who love the wild woods, and roam about a great deal, living in accordance with the
practices, habits, and traditions of their pagan ancestors. In the summer-time they
dwell in tents, for the most part, enjoying a care-free life in the sunlight and fresh
air of their earthly heritage. In winter they live in log houses on their
reserves, or in temporary shacks adjacent to their hunting grounds or fishing
stations. They usually form themselves into groups of four or five families, more or
less nearly related, so as to enjoy social advantages. Location is decided by the shelter
afforded from wintry winds, by the proximity of dry wood, by the important considera-
tion of food-supplies, and by the near abundance of wild animals. In the~ average year
these Indian groups live well and enjoy life. Very few distracting cares disturb the
even tenor of their way. They live near to natures's heart.
The winter just past has been fairly favourable. The prices of fur have advanced
to such an extent as to make the hunt profitable once more. Young men have done
fairly well, but the old and the sick have felt the pinchings of poverty. Traders con-
tinue to be very cautious about making advances; and times are too hard with every
one to warrant much liberality towards those who suffer. Some have been compelled
to beg their bread; but as soon as this was known, assistance was given from our des-
titute supplies, to the limit of our ability. Some have been allowed to cut timber or
cordwood so as to enable them to procure the necessaries of life .in this way. Some
have been able to draw upon the interest of their capital account, and others have been
helped through the trading companies whose accounts have been honoured by the de-
partment. At no time has help been given to the undeserving, and no deaths through
starvation have occurred.
A number of the Indians have made good in gardening, and stock-raising, and
such persons are in a prosperous condition. They have money and enjoy a good degree
of comfort. They have good homes and their families are respectably dressed. One
man raised 600 bushels of potatoes and found a market for them at fifty cents a bushel,
last fall. Many others have succeeded in a less degree, and their thrift has been fol-
lowed by much personal advantage. Officers are proud of such people, and are not slow to
commend and encourage them and urge them to make even greater efforts to win
wealth from the cultivated soil. Still the fact remains that comparatively few are
disposed to throw aside gun and fish-net for the spade and hoe, because, forsooth, their
fathers did not do so and yet enjoyed life well. This lack of love for the ways of the
white man, this hesitation to work and win, is as unfortunate as it is hurtful. Let
us hope that fuller light may bring greater advantage along industrial lines.
The winter just passed has been both severe and protracted. Snow has been very
deep and travel has been difficult. It is not wonderful that influenza has found many
victims, and that some have passed to the great beyond. Help has been given wherever
it was possible to send medical aid. Many have suffered unaided, because the facts
were not known until it was too late.
There has been considerable trouble this year with illicit liquor-dealing. Middle-
men can always be found who do not scruple to minister to the depraved tastes of the
poor Indian. There have been many arrests, and numerous fines; and in some cases
a jail sentence has been imposed. This extreme measure usually works out in hard-
ship to the family of the person imprisoned. Both the agent and magistrate McLennan
of Kenora have done their utmost to correct existing wrongs; but the evil has not
been wholly abolished. New cases appear in the most persistent manner, and in the
most unexpected directions.
Associated with the question of intemperance is the kindred one of immorality
It is pretty generally supposed that the Indian is not richly gifted with the grace o'
27— ii— 2^
20 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
moral purity. While admitting that some reason may be found for this conclusion,
I wish to say that I believe imagination has helped to make matters worse in report
than they are in fact. Many Indians living close to our town and city centres, being
tempted, fall ; but this should not give rise to a general condemnation of native frailty.
There are hundreds of them who lead clean lives, keep their marriage vows in all good
conscience, and conduct themselves commendably. Where the contrary is true, it is
largely attributable to the corrupting influences of the unprincipled portion of the
white race.
I have visited the Indian agent's office four times during the year, and cannot
but bear testimony to the faithful and efficient work done by him in the performance
of his office duties. His long experience in dealing with the native people, and his
skill in keeping accounts and records, qualify him in a pre-eminent degree for the
j.iosition he holds. He is vigorous and energetic enough to do his full duty. The
Indians appear to respect and honour him, and, though his manner is somewhat stem
at times, his heart is always kind.
As directed by the department, I accompanied the paying agent on the treaty
tour of last summer, and assisted him in the disbursement of the annuities. The time
spent on the agency was one month. In this way I was able to meet all the Indians
assembled at the various reserves visited, and to make observations on personal appear-
ance, condition of their homes, nature of their industries, state of health, and the
general habits of their lives. Although I cannot say that everything was pleasing, it
is possible to report progress in essential conditions. Houses are better built and are
kept cleaner. The cefuse of the front yards is consumed as soon as the snow is gone.
Birch canoes are giving place to Peterboroughs. Birch-bark wigwams are supplanted
by canvas tents. I^avy blue suits with collars and neckties to tnatch are seen every-
where. More money is handled than ever before. T-he old open fireplace has been
superseded by stoves and ranges. Sewing-machines are found in almost every village.
Dietary reforms are most noticeable. Cleanliness is more than ever in evidence.
These signs of the times inspire us wtih the hope for still greater advances in the
Indian mode of living.
SAVANNE AGENCY.
This agency is composed of eight bands. The people are known as Ojibways
The majority of them are pagans. Some favour the Roman Catholic religion. A
very prosperous mission at Lac Seul is under the auspices of the Anglican Church.
The Indians of this part of the country are very migratory in their habits. Hunters
and fishermen must needs go where the means of subsistence can best be secured.
True they have houses on their reserves, but the forest is their ancestral home, the
hillsides are their observation posts, the lakes are their playgrounds, and their places
of worship are under the sheltering pine-trees.
The fur-catch of the year has been fair, and ruling prices somewhat in advance
of last season. Profiting by advice given to them last year from the officers of the
department, they wintered where food would at least be assured; and, in consequence,
have suffered but little from the severity of the long and cruel winter.
The general health has been but fair. Pulmonary troubles have been rife in some
sections, and a number of old people could not endure the strain. Children, too, have
been taken, but we are hoping that the death-rate will not be unusual.
There is no separate agent for this section of the work, but the department will
no doubt appoint a suitable person to take charge when the war disturbance has
quieted and iiormal conditions prevail again.
It must be said to the credit of the Indians of the Savanne agency that they have
very generously, and without any undue pressure, subscribed liberally to the Patriotic
Fund, and have intimated to their agent that if needed, they will form a company
for service at the front.
RErOh'TS OF l\IH\\ AC h:\TS 21
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
I accompanied the agent over this agency when tlie yearly payments were being
made, and met all the native people at the several reserves, or places of location.
The Ignace band, most of whose members originally lived at Frenchmans Head or
Lac Seul, but, becoming soured or entangled, drifted to Ignace, has become divided,
and part of these Indians have found their way to Wako, on the G.T.P. branch line
from Graham to Toronto. We paid there last summer for the first time, and found
a goodly number who seemed to like the place and wished to settle there. It seems to
be a pity that these people are allowed to drift as they have done. They are without
chief or councillor. They have no reserve. They are like sheep without a shepherd.
'Mr. Dallas Gastmcier has taken a great interest in them, and they appreciate his kind
attentions; and this is doubtless the reason why they have gathered where they now
are.
One unfortunate circumstance has happened at Favel Station on the G.T.P.
adjacent to Grassy Narrows in the Savanne agency. On January 8, James Pishk, No.
1S7 of the Lac Seul Band, committed suicide. This was duly investigated by Consta-
ble Hanson, and the facts showed that it was a case of self-destruction arising from
protracted illness. It had been very deliberately planned and must have resulted from
temporary insanity. This is the second case that I have known in forty years'"
experience where an Indian has taken his own life.
FORT FRANCES AGENCY.
This agency was formerly composed of fourteen bands. They arc Ujibways and
speak the language in use over the Lake Superior country.
The occupations followed are cutting cord-wood, making ties for the railway,
river-driving, saw-mill work, and boating. Besides these, much advantage is gained
by berry-picking, rice-gathering, and gardening. Fort Frances is a good market for
all that the Indians have to sell, and very fair prices usually prevail.
I had the pleasure of accompanying the agent on his last year's round of pay-
ments, which occupied about fourteen days. All points were visited except Sturgeon
Lake. Indians from the last mentioned place drew their treaty at Seine River. Lac
La Croix was visited by me for the fifst time, and I found the people belonged to the
non-progressive type of Indians, representatives of patriarchal history.
It was a matter of congratulation that' the natives of this agency were found to
be in a healthy and prosperous condition at nearly every point. There was no com-
plaint of want, and no cry for assistance. No doubt the winter had been a very trvjng
one to some; but, if so, no mournful statements of the fact were rehearsed at the pay
tables. Some cases of sickness were reported, but no epidemic had prevailed. To make
this information very definite, the chiefs were asked to tell how they had wintered,
and all the answers obtained were expressive, of fair conditions. Fur had been down
in value, but good wages had been earned. Game had been fairly plentiful, and market
prices for berries and rice had been good. There was no disposition to look at the
darker side of life. Hopefulness and contentment were evidenced in all that was
heard and seen.
Intemperance in this agency has been materially checked of late years. I attri-
bute this to the firmness and vigour of the agent, whose efforts to promote sobriety have
been crowned with a large measure of success. While the appetite for liquor is inherent,
the fear of detection and punishment has had, and is still having, a very deterrent
influence upon the Indians; and liquor-dealers are far more cautious than they were
about exposing themselves to the consequences of broken law. It would not be fair
if I did not add that we owe much to Magistrate Hollands of Fort Frances, who has
always given the agent his most valuable support in the endeavour to suppress illicit
liquor-dealings with Indians.
I would not like to venture the statement that no cases of immoral living could
be found in the agency, but I am free to say that no charges were brought before u\
22 DEPARTME-ST OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
and none were reported to us as having occurred during the past year. This led me
to the conclusion that moral conditions in the district are kept within proper limits.
It afforded us pleasure to observe that a few of the Indians have made decided
progress in the cultivation of the ground and in stock-raising. Certain of the' chiefs
gave us the assurance that it will be their aim for the future to excel all past records
in this particular line, so that both by precept and example they might commend agri-
cultural pursuits to their several bands. These resolutions were duly endorsed by the
departments' officers as being both commendable and proper.
The notable event of the year in this agency was the concentration of the seven
bands of the Rainy river at Manitou Rapids. For years the agent, Mr. J. P. Wright,
had been working in this direction with the view of doing more for the Indians than
could be done while they were scattered in small circles over a wide area. On March
16, 1915, the bands were assembled to discuss the question of surrendering Hungry
Hall reserves 1 and 2, Long Sault reserves 1 and 2, and Little Forks reserve. After
some delay, this was amicably arranged. For the first time in history the seven bands
resident on the Rainy river were paid together on the Manitou Rapids reserve, June
1, 1915. The transfer of families to the new base was speedily effected, and the utmost
• harmony prevailed throughout. A combined school-house and teacher's residence was
duly completed, a competent teacher was engaged, a farm instructor was installed,
stables and storehouses were completed, and at the time of writing a well attended
school has been organized. ,
This state of things reflects great credit upon the wisdom, prudence andl business
ability of the agent, and is a fitting climax to his long career of usefulness.
I am personally thankful that my work has afforded me the opportunity of help-
ing the Indian, for whom I entertain increasing respect, and am glad to have been
permitted to serve a department whose persistent purpose it is to educate and elevate
our native people. There never was a time when they needed help more, and the men
who are eutrnsted with the duty of caring for them may be counted upon to do their
duty fearlessly, conscientiously, and economically.
REPORT OF DENIS HEBERT, INDIAN AGENT FOR THE
ABENAKIS OF BEOANCOUR, QUEBEC.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians has been fairly good during
the year. Sanitary conditions are improving every year; the Indians observe them
fairly well. There have been no contagious diseases.
Occupations. — Most of these Indians work far. away from the reserve in the
shanties, they drive the logs ; and they make baskets. A single Indian engages in the
cultivation of the soil.
Farm Implements. — Some of the Indians engage in gardening for their own
needs. They do not possess any farm implements, except the one man engaged in
cultivation of the soil; he has good implements and all the vehicles for his industry
He takes great care of all the implements that he possesses.
Buildings. — Their houses are not very large, but fairly comfortable and well kept.
Temperance and Morality. — Temperance is making marked progress among the
Indians of this reserve; there is, it is true, some weakness on the part of a few, but
these are exceptions and they only break out at rare intejrvals; there is improvement
in this respect.
The laws of morality are fairly well respected.
Characteristics and Progress. — The members of this band seem to like to work;
they appear to be content with the present conditions of their existence. The depart-
ment supplies them with a little grain, which they use to advantage. They are adopt-
ijig more and more the kind of life of the white people.
REPORTS OF IXniAX AGENTS 23
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Most of these Indians seem to be making the same progress as usual. The man
that engages in farming is progressing fairly well and appears to derive profit there-
from, as he is economical and tries to attain a better condition of life.
* General Remarks. — Very few of the Abenakis are of pure Indian origin. As a
general rule the men marry white women and live in perfect harmouy with their
neighbours.
REPORT OF HEA^RI NIQUET, IXDIAX AGENT FOR THE ABENAKIS O^
ST. FRANCIS, QUEBEC.
Occupations. — The Abenakis with ash and sweet grass make very pretty fancy
baskets; the women, especially, are very skilful in this work. Several families go
camping during the summer season in the neighbourhood of villages in order to se^l
these baskets to tourists.
Some of the men engage with tourists to guide them to hunting and fishing
places in the province.
Some follow agriculture with fair success.
Farm Implements. — The Indians engaged in agriculture are fairly well provided
with farm implements. They take care of what they have.
Buildings. — Most of the Indians have good and pretty houses and maintain them
very well. Some of these houses are not inferior in any respect to those of white
people in the surrounding villages. There are only very few old buildings, and the
number is decreasing each year.
Health and Sanitation. — With the exception of an attack of grippe last spring,
the health of the Indians has been good during the year.
The Indians observe sanitary regulations wejl.
Characteristics and Progress. — The good education that they have received in
the schools on their reserve has helped in great part to break the Abenakis of the ten-
dency to indolence that characterizes Indians. They are 'industrious and live well.
Temperance and Morality. — The Indians of this agency are quite civilized and
have good morals. There has been a marked change in regard to' temperance due to
the rigorous application of the law, and I have good reason to believe that the improve-
ment will continue.
REPORT OF E. S. GAUTHIER, INDIAN AGENT FOR THE ALGONQUINS
OF MANIWAKI, QUEBEC.
Occupations.— The Indians of this reserve make a living in various ways, such as
farming, working in the lumber camps, floating timber, trapping fur-bearing animals,
hunting moose and deer, fishing, and acting as guides for tourists. The women also
make snow-shoes, moccasins and mitts.
Farm Machinery and Implements.— The farm implements are very few on this
reserve, and in most cases are not properly sheltered.
Buildings. — The buildings in general are not of great value, but are fairly well
kept in repair.
Health and Sanitation. — Grippe has been prevalent among the Indians during the
winter. This year two persons died of tuberculosis. Other deaths were mostly among
old persons. All available means are taken to prevent the spreading of contagious dis-
eases. The houses and surroundings are kept fairly clean.
Characteristics and Progress. — The lack of ambition of the Indians of' this reserve
is the cause of their not progressing very rapidly. With all the means of farming at
their disposal, their financial situation does not improve very much.
Temperance and Morality. — I consider that spirituous liquor is the greatest evil
among Indians; it is only by a constant watch that the agent can keep it in check. I
regret to say that seven persons were convicted of having supplied liquor to Indians
in the limits of my jurisdiction during the year.
The morality of these Indians is satisfactory.
24 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
EEPOET OF NARCISSE LEBEL, IXDIAK AGENT FOR THE AMALECITES
OF VIGFR, QUEBEC.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians has been very good and there
have been no deaths during the year. Sanitary regulations have been well observed.
Occupations.— Quite a number of men go to the shanties during the winter, ohiefly '
the young men. Only one Indian does a little cultivation of a piece of land that he
bought himself, the Whitworth reserve being uncultivated. Quite a number of the
women make baskets, with ash and sweet grass, which they sell to tourists iii the
summer.
Buildings. — One house has been built on the Whitworth reserve during the year.
Characteristics and Progress. — Most of these Indians are improvident, and no
progress is noted.
Temperance and Morality. — Tempp-ance and morality have been fairly well
observed.
REPORT OF JOSEPH F. X. BOSSE, M.D., INDIAN AGENT FOR BERSIMIS
AGENCY, QUEBEC.
Bands. — This agency comprises two bands, that at Bersimis, and the one at Escou-
mains.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians in this agency is really satis-
factory; we have not had an epidemic of any kind; tuberculosis in its various forms
snow shoes, skin slippers, and little articles of needlework by the women complete the
the year, and this year again we have had an increase in- population.
Occupations. — Hunting is the occupation by choice of these Indians, with fishing
during the summer. From these two sources they draw their chief means of existence.
The making of pulp-wood during the year on the Bersimis reserve has enabled those
who were in need and who could not do anything else to make a living. This industry
continues with the good will of the department and accustoms our Indians to provide
for themselves and at the same time inculcates in them a habit of work. At Bersimis
the loading of vessels for the disposal of timber and the summer industries of making
snow shoes, ?kin slippers, and little articles of needlework by the women complete the
means of subsistence. At Escoumains some of the Indians work during the summer
for the lumber company at that place.
Cultivation of the Soil. — No one does any cultivation on the Bersimis reserve
except a few patches of potatoes; the soil and the climate are not very favourable to
cultivation; at Escoumains all that is at present cultivable on this small reserve is
worked by the population which succeeds more or less in this industry.
Buildings. — Building on these reserves has come to a standstill, as much on ac-
count of hard times as because the i)eople are in absolute want. On neither one of
these reserv'es has there been any progress in this respect this year.
Characteristics and Progress. — Although having a desire for intoxicating liquor
that seems almost uncontrollable, the Indians of this agency appear to be improving,
owing to the habit of enforced temperance that is imix)sed upon them by the severe
punishment of contraventions. Taken all together our Indians observe the law. Nat-
urally improvident they know how to be satisfied with a little at times, just as they
also know how foolishly to exceed their income when they feel that they are prospe-
rous.
Temperance and Morality.— In spite of what has often been thought about them,
the Indians enlightened by the Gospel are moral in their actions, and, left to their own
inspirations, they practise the morality taught by the religion that they follow; also
cases of immorality are rarely observed among them. In fact I have only once in this \
REPORTS OF IXDIAX AGENTS 25
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
ageuey seen immorality accomplished without the assistance of a white person and
at his instigation. Alcoholic stimulants are forced upon them by white men in most
cases and, v.heu the Indians themselves undertake this task at their own risk, it is
because they have found a merchant with little conscience or without heart to sell
them liquor obtained often at exorbitant prices.
As for morality, it is to be regretted that q. certain class of individuals sometimes
abuse their position, and in spite of the fact that the Indian Act applies to every
person and is at the disposal of the agents, one does not see why the agents should be
bound to take upon themselves the risk of a prosecution in the name of their irres-
ponsible wards, any more than it is possible to see well why the causes of immorality
cannot be repressed and the immorality not committed. A law permitting the agents
to prevent would be as useful as or more so than the law that punishes.
REPOET OF A. O. BASTIEN, INDIAN AGENT FOR THE HURONS OF
LORETTE, QUEBEC.
Occupations. — The chief occupation of these Indians is always the making of
moccasins and snow-shoes. The demand for these articles has been much greater this
year than during the last three years. The men in a position to do so engage as
guides for the American tourists who come to their clubs to hunt and fish there. For
the four Indians who have followed the himt, returns have been good; but the prices
of furs have been lower.
Farm Implements. — These Indians do not own any farm implements, as they do
not cultivate the soil at all.
Buildings. — The houses are kept neat, both inside and outside; as a rule they are
well furnished and comfortable. Xo new building has been erected during the year.
Health and Sanitation. — Most of the Hurons are strong and enjoy good health.
There has been no epidemic during the year. Sanitary regulations have been well
observed in the dwellings and surroundings.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians like to live well, and do not live with-
out anything that they can procure. Most of them are improvident and live from hand
to mouth. They are industrious and good workers.
Temperance and Morality. — There is a marked change in favour of temperance,
and the conduct of the Indians is improving visibly. The village is most peaceful in
this respect.
The laws of morality are well observed.
REPORT OF J. M. BROSSEAU, IXDIAX AGEXT FOR THE IROQUOIS OF
CAUGHXAWAGA, QUEBEC.
Occupations. — Most of our Indians are working in the shell factories of Lachine
and Montreal. Many are employed at the erection of structural steel works, in other
building work and in car shops, and make good wages. Many travel in order to sell
their beadwork. The small number who are engaged in agriculture succeed fairly
weU.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — Most of the Indians of this reserve engaged
in agriculture are well equipped with modem machinery, of which they take good
care.
Buildings. — In general, the houses are neat, well furnished and comfortable. The
Indians have not sufficient barns and other farm buildings.
Health and Sanitation.— The health of our Indians has been good during the past
year. Xo contagious disease appeared.
26 DEPARTMEST OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Characteristics and Progress. — Most of the Indians of Caughnawaga are indus-
trious; but the financial progress is slow, this being due to pride. However, some are
lazy, relying on their wives for a living.
Temperance and Morality. — There has been improvement in the matter of sobriety
on the reserve. Intemperance is decreasing every day, and progress in this respect
is visible and considerable. The domestic relationships of the Indians are good.
IIEPORT OF C. F. BERTEAND, INDIAN AGENT FOR THE IROQUOIS AND
ALGONQUINS OF THE LAKE OF TWO MOUNTAINS, QUEBEC.
This band comprises two nations, Iroquois and Algonquius. The Iroquois are
in the majority.
Health and Sanitation. — In general these Indians are robust and enjoy good
health; no contagious disease has appeared during the year, most of the deaths have
been caused by apoplectic attacks.
Occupations. — These Indians follow a mixed occupation; some do farming, others
work in shanties and at ice-houses or spend their time in making sledge handles. Some
of them have enlisted.
Buildings. — In general houses are in good order. The new buildings are erected
with great attention. There are not sufficient barns.
Farm Machinery;. — The Indians engaged in farming have nearly all the necessary
implements, but they do not .take care of them.
Stock. — Their stock in general looks well enough while in pasture, but this spring
some of the animals were looking very poor.
Characteristics and Progress. — Financial progress is rather slow for the Indians
are a little too extravagant in their dressing. However, some of them are advancnig
a little.
Temperance and Morality. — The majority are practically temperate. Those most
addicted to strong drink are the young people. Otherwise their morality is fairly
good.
REPORT OF F. E. TAILLON, INDIAN AGENT FOR THE IROQUOIS OF ST.
REGIS, QUEBEC.
Occupations. — These Indians have various ways of earning their livelihood, chief
amongst them are, farming, hunting, fishing, basket and snow-shoe making, the
manufacture of lacrosse-sticks, working in cotton and woollen mills, while many are
engaged in railroading and the lumber camps.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — Those engaged in farming have nearly all
the necessary machinery, and invariably they are properly housed.
Buildings. — The buildings on the whole are in good condition. During the past
year some new buildings have been erected, and they compare with any in the country.
Health and Sanitation. — The Indians of this reserve have enjoyed excellent health
during the past year, and there have not been any contagious diseases.
The majority of the Indians take considerable pride in keeping their premises
clean. In contagious diseases the patients are isolated and the houses quarantined.
From time to time these Indians are vaccinated.
Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are law-abiding; while their ad-
vancement is not rapid, still their is a very noticeable improvement.
The experiment being tried out in a small way by lending money, on the real
estate of individual Indians, is a move in the right direction, and I am positive that
ere long the benefits will be appreciated by the entire band.
Temperance and Morality. — The morals of these Indians compare very favourably
with those of white people of the same environments. As a whole they are fairly tem-
perate, although there are some who like strong drink.
liEPORTS OF IXDIAN AGENTS 27
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
KEPOllT OF REV. J. D. MORIN, INDIAN AGENT FOR THE MICMACS OF
.MARIA, QUEBEC.
Health aud Sauitatioii. — The Indians of Maria have been in good health during
uiL- whole year with the exception of the Uist two months, during which several have
been ill with grippe.
Occupations. — The Indians of this agency earn their living in various ways:
they engage in hunting and tishing, and do a little farming. In summer several of
tliem are employed by American tourists as guides and canoemen on the Grand
Cascapedia river. Many of them work in the shanties and drive the logs in spring.
Finally, others remain in the house, where they make snow shoes, shovels, and baskets.
They also make axe-hai\dles. Then some of them tan green skins, with which they
make soft slipper moccasins.
Buildings. — Their dwellings are fairly comfortable, although small for the most
part. However, four or five are fairly large and well finished inside. There are also
two good barns.
Characteristics. — The Micmacs of Maria are good workers when they work, and
earn good wages; but they are very indifferent: they like to rdmain too long in the
house. They are generally poor on account of their lack of ec9nomy and their
improvidence.
Temperance and Morality. — The Indians of the Maria reserve have a pronounced
taste for strong drink, but thanks to good supervision, they cannot procure easily
what they like so much.
Their morals are generally good and they observe well the laws of morality when
they are sober.
REPORT OF J. A. PITRE. INDIAN AGENT FOR RESTlGOUCHE AGENCY,
QUEBEC.
Health and Sanitation.— The health of the members of this band, for the past
year, has been fairly good. A mild epidemic of grippe was prevalent in the course of
the winter, but no serious trouble resvilted therefrom. Sanitary precautions are well
observed.
Occupations. — These Indians have many ways of making a living: they do some
farming, work in mills and at ship-loading in summer; several of them act as canoe-
men for the American tourists. They work in the lumber wood in winter; the old
men make peovie-stocks axe-handles, snow shoes and moccasins; a few' women make
baskets and fancy work.
Buildings. — Their houses are fairly comfortable and are well kept.
Stocks. — They have some good horses and other animals, of which they take good
care.
Temperance and Morality. — A good many of these Indians are still addicted to
strong drink, which they get too easily in spite of our efforts. Otherwise their moral-
ity is fairly good.
Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious and law-abiding. The major-
ity of them are striving to better their circumstances.
REPORT OF FRANK DOYLE, INDIAN AGENT FOR :\nNGAN AGENCY,
QUEBEC.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians is fairly good, like that of
all the Indians on the north shore. They suffer from troubles of respiration, and
bronchitis, and tuberculosis. Under the care of Dr. ^fcDuff the disease does not
spread.
28 - DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Occupations. — As in the preceding year, they have hunted for fur-bearing animals
during the winter season. Most of them are good hunters. The hunt this year has
not bj'ought them much returns; all the same, prices are good. The rival' companies
on the north shore are paying reasonable prices, especially for the beaver and the
marten ; but the Indians are not making a great deal by hunting. Some of them have
fished for cod; this has provided them with food. Two families from Riviere Cha-
loupe are fishing as white pien do, and this assists them a great deal. The Indians
of Mingan hunt the hair seal in the months of June and July. This hunt is fairly
good. They eat the flesh and the fat, which is fairly good; the skin is sold; $2 is got
for them, but the price varies often. Also the Indians use the skin to make mocca-
sins.
Buildings. — Many of these Indians occupy houses that are fairly comfortable and
fairly vvell kept.
Many prefer to live in their cotton tents. I believe that their houses are harm-
ful to their health.
Temperance and Morality. — Their morals have been fairly good for some years.
They no longer drink,; the fines paid in 1913 stopped them and especially the liquor
sellers.
General Remarks. — These Indians are not making progress; on the contrary they
are always becoming poorer; the low price of furs has made them careless. This year
again the hunt has not amounted to anything with these Indians. In the month of
January they all came out of the woods with the exception of four families who left
in the month of August, 1915, to come back in the month of June, 1916, and they
returned to the woods after receiving, some assistance from the department.
I believe that this year they will have more trouble than usual in making a
living, because they cannot get any credit from merchants as in past years. I believe
that the department will again be obliged to give them a little assistance this year.
I have not yet the results of the spring hunt, because the Indians have not yet
come out.
REPORT OF A. TESSIER, M.D., INDIAN AGENT FOR THE MONTAGNAIS
OF LAKE ST. JOHN, QUEBEC.
Bands. — This agency comprises the following bands: Pointe Bleue, Lake Mistas-
sini, Kiskisink and Ste. Anne.
Occupations. — Hunting and farming are the chief occupations of the Indians of
Pointe Bleue. The hunt has been mediocre, and to crown the misfortune the Indians
have been obliged to sell their furs at low prices. Those engaged in agriculture have
fared better than the hunters: their work has been rewarded by a magnificent harvest.
Farm Implements. — The members of the band that are farmers are well provided
with the implements necessary for their work, and they take great care of them.
Buildings. — The houses on the reserve are comfortable, and generally well kept up.
Healtji and Sanitation. — Grippe was severe among the Indians from last fall until
the spring; but without any fatal results. /
Sanitary regulations are observed in a satisfactory manner.
Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are intelligent and apply themselves
well. Their material condition is not as good as in previous years, because the effects
of the European war, are being felt up to the present time.
Temperance and Morality.— Some of these Indians are still addicted to the bottle;
but their number is decreasing.
No serious crime has been committed during the course of the year.
BEPORTS OF IXDIAX AGENTS 29
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
KEPOKT OF C. A. ^^lACDOFGAL, M.D.. INDIAN AGENT FOR THE MONTA-
GNAIS OF SEVEN ISLANDS AND MOISIE, QUEBEC.
Occupations. — Hunting and trapping fur-bearing animals is the only way our
Indians have of earning their livelihood. There are no other resources open to them.
Buildings. — Most of tlae houses the Indian reside in (there are no other buildings
— excepting a Roman Catholic church) are in very poor condition and are gradually
going to ruin, including the church edifice above mentioned. Seven houses occupied
by destitute Indians were repaired last fall (1915) and made comfortable at the depart-
ment's expense.
Health and Sanitation. — All the Indians are in a very poor state of health. Res-
piratory troubles and tuberculosis prevail constantly. While living in the woods they
enjoy better health than when at the sea shore. An epidemic of grippe broke out in
December 1915. All the Indians on the reserve are more or less affected thereby. Those
coming in from the Ijunt catch the disease as soon as they arrive on the reserve. The
Indians are fairly clean about their person, but neglect taking any sanitary precautions
about tbeir premises.
Characteristics and Progress. — All our Indians are law-abiding. They are, gene-
. rally speaking, industrioys; but some depend altogether too much upon aid 'from the
department, owing to the generous assistance given them by the department in equip-
ping them for the hunt (when the fur catch failed) in 1912-13 and 1913-14, and which
assistance was not repaid to the department by the Indians as had been promised.
They are consequently becoming indolent and poorer.
Temperance and Morality. — Intoxicants have disappeared altogether from among
the Indians since 1913.
There has been only one case of immorality during the past year.
EEPORT OF J. A. RENAUD, INDIAN AGENT FOR TIMISKAMING
AGENCY, QUEBEC.
Occupations. — The majority of the members of this band are engaged in farming,
but only a few make a success of it; although the soil is good, the returns are not
satisfactory. The young men have no interest in farming, because they do not derive
an immediate benefit from it. In the summer-time, instead of clearing land for
cultivation, they hire on the drive or as guides for the tourists and prospectors. In
the winter some members take out stove-wood, which they sell in town, others still do
some trapping and hunting; but, as the country is pretty well filled with settlers, the
fur-bearing animals are scarce and not much money is made by these pursuits.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — Those engaged in farming have not all the
machinery necessary for the working of their farms; but what little they have, they
take good care of.
Buildings. — Not much improvement was done to buildings during the past year,
but in general they are comfortable.
Health and Sanitation. — There have been no epidemics nor contagious diseases
during the past year. The health of the Indians, in general, seems to be becoming
poorer, and consequently there have been many cases of sickness during the year.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of my agency are in general law-
abiding and of good morals. A few are making fair progress but the majority are
poor and have not the opportunity of making much progress, for the chief industry
of the Indians of my agency is farming and really they have not the means to clear
their farms and work them in such a manner as to get the greatest returns out of
them.
Temperance and Morality. — The Indians of my agency are temperate in their
habits. There has been no serious case of immorality during the past year, although
a few young men have succeeded in getting liquor.
30 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS
7 GHORGE V, A. 1917
EEPORT OF COL. JOHX SHERIDAX, IXDIAN AGENT FOR XORTH-
EASTERX DIVISION, NEW BRUNSWICK.
Tribe.~All the Indians of this agency belong to the Mienaac tribe.
Bands. — This agency includes the following bands: Buctouche, Big Cove, Indian
Island, Burnt Church, Eel Ground, Red Bank, Eel River, Bathurst, and Fort Folly.
Health and Sanitation. — There has been considerable illness among the Indians
during the winter, mostly grippe, but there were a few cases of pneumonia. There
were a few deaths from the latter disease and one death from consumption. I have
pointed out to the Indians the necessity of keeping their dwellings clean and well
ventilated.
Occupations. — The Indians residing near the fishing grounds engage in fishing;
those further inland work during winter in the lumberwoods and at stream-driving
in the spring. Some engage in farming. A few act as guides for sportsmen. All
make baskets and other Indian wares.
Buildings. — All those living on the reserve occupy small frame houses, quite a
number of which are well built while others are poorly built affording poor protection
against the cold. Their dwellings are kept fairly clean and tidy, and some of them
are quite well furnished. The Indians who move away for the winter occupy small
shanties, which are generally not very clean.
Those keeping stock have small frame barns, which are poorly built. Nearly all
the reserves have a church and a school-house.
Stock. — A few of the bands keep some stock, which does well in summer, but is
only poorly housed and fed in winter.
Farm Implements. — A few in each band have implements, which are fairly well
taken care of.
Temperance and Morality. — There are a few in this agency who manage to get
liquor when about the towns, but it is becoming more difficult for them to do so, on
account of the close watch on the hotels by the police.
The morality of the Indians is very good.
Characteristics and Progress. — Many of the Indians are industrious ; those so
inclined are making a very good living, while others are indolent and are very poor,
requiring assistance in the winter. Very few try to save any money. They are as a
rule peaceable and law-abiding.
REPORT OF B. J. GRIFFITHS. INDIAN AGENT FOR SOUTHWESTERN
DIVISION, NEW BRUNSWICK.
Bands. — This agency comprises the following bands: Woodstock, Kingsclear, St.
Mary's and Oromocto.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians of this division has been fairly
good, excepting a few cases of tuberculosis.
Occupations. — The Indians derive their living from the sale of Indian wares; a
few work in lumber woods and in the mills and for farmers. Some farm a little for
themselves.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — What machinery the Indians have belongs to
the Government and the Indians take good care of it.
Buildings. — The buildings are mostly small frame structures.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians are mostly industrious and law-abid-
ing. They appear to be improving.
Temperance and Morality. — The majority of the Indians are sober and law-abid-
ing, and with few exceptions they are well behav'ed.
jREPoRTs OF lyony AGEyrs 31
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
General Remarks. — There are a number of Indians located at Upper Gagetown
during the summer months. In addition to the above, there are a number of Nova
Scotia and Prince Edward Island Indians of the !Micmac tribe, that come to Kings
and Queens counties during the summer months. Some of them are good workers and
do fairly well ; others there are who will not work, if they can exist without it.
EEPORT OF GEORGE S. HOYT. INDIAN AGEXT FOR AXXAPOLIS
COUXTY, XOVA SCOTIA.
Tribe. — The Indians in this county are all Micmacs.
Health. — The health of the Indians has been good for the past year. There was
some light sickness among the children.
Occupations.— :;Their occupations are basket-making, working as labourers and
working in the lumber woods.
Buildings. — They have very good frame buildings, most of which are in good
condition.
Temperance and Morality. — They are all, temperate with some few exceptions.
Their moral character is good.
REPORT OF JOHX CAMEROX, IXDIAX AGENT FOR ANTIGOXISH AXD
GUYSBOROUGH COUXTIES, XOYA SCOTIA.
Tribe. — All the Indians of this agency belong to the Micmac tribe.
Health. — The health of the Indians during the past year was generally good, there
being no epidemic during the year. There were five deaths from pulmonary consump-
tion, but I am glad to be able to report that this dread disease is now pretty well under
control, thanks to the active measures taken by the department during the recent
years towards its banishment.
Occupations. — The Indians of this agency follow a mixed occupation of farming,
fishing, hunting, and coopering. Many of the young men, during the summer months,
seek and obtain work at the industrial centres. Others get employment from the
neighbouring farmers, especially during seeding and harvesting time.
Progress. — There is but little progress to report. I regret to say that the Indiana
are not inclined very much towards progress, and seem quite satisfied with the existing
condition of affairs. Many of them would not be able to live were it not for the assist-
ance afforded them by the department.
Temperance and Morality. — The Indians of this agency have improved in tem-
perance very materially, but there is still considerable drinking among the young men.
Liquor-dealers are being closely watched. "With but very few exceptions, the morals of
the Indians are very good.
REPORT OF REY. A. R. McDOXALD, IXDIAX AGENT FOR ESKASONI
AGENCY, CAPE BRETON COUNTY, NOVA SCOTIA
Tribe. — All the Indians of this agency arc Micmacs.
Occupations. — The Indians are engaged in various workss such as farming,
fishing, coopering and trapping.* During the \vinter months, they make pit-timber,
and in the summer many of the young men hire out as laboiirers in the Sydneys and
around the mines.
Farm Implements. — They take fairly good care of the machinery they have.
Buildings. — All the buildings are frame. They are small, but are well kept and
most of them fairly comfortable.
32 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
•/■ GEORGE V, A. 1917
Health and Sanitation. — With the exception of grippe, during the winter months,
the general health of the Indians has been good. They suffered from no contagious
disease, and tuberculosis, once so prevalent among them, is rapidly decreasing. There
were three deaths in the agency during the year. .
Characteristics and Progress. — They are law-abiding and intelligent. Progress,
however, is very slow and many of them are very poor and have to be helped by the
government.
Temperance and Morality, — With the exception of a few, the Indians of this
band are temperate and their morals excellent.
EEPOET OF EGBERT H. SMITH, INDIAN AGENT FGE CGLCHESTEE
CGUNTY, NGVA SCGTIA.
Gccupations. — The Indians follow various occupations. Those able to do so engage
as choppers in the lumber woods^ and at stream-driving on the rivers, in summer,
and as farm labourers and railway navvies; the hunting season also calls for their
attention. Others follow the Indian trades, — coopering, basket-making and beadwork ;
while many go to New Brunswick in the late summer, picking blueberries.
Buildings. — ^They have very good frame buildings, nearly all in good repair, and
quite comfortable.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians for the past year was generally
good. Tuberculosis still seems to follow in some families. Early last year one case
of small-pox was brought to the reserve; but by prompt quarantine measures there
was no spread of the disease.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians have for the most part been profitably
employed, it being a more favourable year in that respect than the preceding one.
At the present time no Indian able to work has any excuse for idleness.
Inquiries for the product of the women — fancy baskets and beadwork, — have come
from the United States dealers, anxious to secure supplies.
The enlistment of some seven or eight of the young men in the overseas forces,
ib a detrimental factor for the reserve, although from a patriotic standpoint no
complaint can be made.
Temperance and Morality. — Very little intoxication is in evidence among the
Indians. Eecent repressive temperance laws will probably tend still further to
decrease the traffic.
With few exceptions their morals are good.
EEPOET OF J. A. JOHNSON, INDIAN AGENT FOE CUMBEELAND
COUNTY, NOVA SCOTIA.
Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the Indians in this agency has
not been very good this year, especially during the winter months, when there seemed
to be an epidemic of grippe, which was of a most severe type. The sanitation of their
houses and surroundings has been looked after by their chief as well as their Indian
agent so that there has been no disease from that source.
Occupations. — It cannot be said that they have any particular calling or trade,
but work at anything they find to do. There are a few who during the lawful season
fish, trap and shoot big game.
Characteristics and Progress. — They naturally are a quiet law-abiding class of
Indians, giving little trouble to the public or their tgent. They are inclined to be
a little lazy, but this applies to the few and not the many. Their progress during the
past year was slow, they being contented to be and do as they did the year before; so
to expect any great progress would be out of the question.
Temperance and Moral- Eeform. — The strict enforcement of our liquor law as
applied to Indians and their great devotion to their church has had much to do with
the keeping up of their morals.
liEPORTS OF IXDIAN AGENTS 33
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
REPORT OF R. A. H.VRRIS, INDIAN AGENT FOR DIGBY COUNTY NOVA
SCOTIA.
Tribe.— All tlie Indians in this agency are Micmacs.
Health and Sanitation.— The health of the Indians, during the past year, has
been generally good. At the present time there are three cases of tuberculosis Th--
active measures talcen by the department, it is to be hoped, will have a beneficial result
Sanitary measures are generally well observed. There has been no epidemic durin-
the past year. "
Occupation^.— The Indians of this agency follow a mixed occupation. Neariy
all of them do some farming. They also make axe-handles and canoes and all kinds
of fancy-work. During the hunting season a good many go as guides to sportsmen.
lam proud to say that so far six of the young men have enlisted for overseas ser-
vice.
Buildings.— All the buildings are of frame and in fairiy good repair.
Characteristics and Progress.— The members of this band are law-abiding and
intelligent, although they do not appear to make much progress. The past year has
been very hard on the Indians, as it has been hard to find employment; while a -ood
many are very old and Avould not be able to subsist without assistance.
Temperance and Morality.— The older Indians are temperate and moral The
younger class are more given to drink when they can procure it; but there has been
a marked improvement during the year. Their morals are good.
REPORT OF DANIEL CHISHOLM, INDIAN AGENT FOR HALIFAX
COUNTY, NOVA SCOTIA.
Tribe.— All the Indians of this agency are Micmacs.
Health and Sanitation.— The general health of the Indians has been fairiy good
except that those advanced in years require constant medical attendance as well as
government assistance in the way of food, clothing, etc.
Occupations.— Farming, hunting, lumbering, stream driving, making small wares,
etc., are the chief sources of revenue.
Buildings.— The buildings are mostly frame, except that the rovinir Indian.
adhere to the camp.
Stock.— Those who keep horses and cattle take good care of them.
Characteristics.— All the Indians are law-abiding.
Temperance.— Many of the Indians will drink liquor; yet they are very rarely
'■'^■•'u under the influence of liquor.
REPORT OF ALONZO WALLACE, INDIAN AGENT FOR SIH'BENACADTE
AGENCY, HANTS COUNTY, NOVA SCOTIA.
Tribe. — All the Indians of this band are Micmacs.
Health and Sanitation.— The health of the band during the year has been fairiy
good.
Occupations.— The principal occupations are farming, fishing, small coopering,
basket making, making hockey sticks, oars, etc., also many of the Indians work in the
woods and mills.
Characteristics and Progress.— The members of this band are industrious an<l
law-abiding.
Temperance and Morality. — These Indians have little opportunity to procure
intoxicants; they are fairly temperate. They are morally and religiously inclined,
being very attentive at all their religious assemblies.
27— ii— 3
34 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
KEPOET OF J. W. STEPHENS, ITs^DIAN AGENT FOE WINDSOE AGENCY,
HANTS COUNTY, NOVA SCOTIA.
Tribe.— All the Indians in this district are Micmacs.
Health and Sanitation. — The general health has been good with two or three
exceptions. There is one case of tuberculosis. Sanitation is fair.
Occupations. — The occupations of these Indians are principally coopering, making
baskets, also axe-handles and hockey-sticks. One or two work in quarries, and at the
present time two or three are employed in a hay-press.
Buildings. — The buildings are small frame or shacks, which are fairly comfortable
except in extreme cold weather.
Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are fairly industrious, law-abiding
and respected as a rule.
Temperance and Morality.— They are temperate, and their morals are quite good.
EEPOET OF EEV. J. N. McLENNAN, ACTING INDIAN AGENT FOE
TNVEENESS COUNTY, NOVA SCOTIA.
Bands. — There are two bands in this agency, one at Whycocomagh, and the other
at Malagawatch.
Occupations. — The Indians of these reserves live practically by farming, coopering
and fishing. Those of them who have horses haul pit-props during the winter months.
Very few of them show the right interest in farming, although most of the cleared
land on the Whycocomagh reserve is well adapted for cultivation.
Farm Implements. — They take fair care of their farming implements.
Buildings. — Nearly all the families of these reserves live in small, but comfortable
dwellings. The department has done much to help them in this respect. The school
buildings and the teacher's residence are in good repair.
Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the Indians of this agency during
the past year was very good indeed. Measles broke out on the Whycocomagh reserve;
but the disease was confined to a few families. Two adults and one child died on
this reserve during the year. Tubercular trouble to-day, as in the past, seems to be
the great plague of the Indian people. Some precautions are being taken by the
people to prevent the spread of the dread disease. Their houses and surroundings
are generally clean.
Characteristics and Progress. — Some of the Indians of this agency are very
industrious indeed; while many of them are very indolent, or indifferent about
bettering their condition in life. Many of them seem contented with the bite for
to-day, and let the morrow provide for itself. There is no doubt, however, that they
are becoming more independent and self-supporting year by year. As law-abiding-
citizens, the Indian people of these reserves are good. They are kind and inoffensive.
Temperance and Morality. — Many of the people of these reserves are total ab-
stainers; while, with very few exceptions, they are all temperate people, and their
moral character is good.
EEPOET OF C. E. BECKWITH, INDIAN AGENT FOE KINGS COUNTY,
NOVA S"COTIA.
Occupations. — The following are the chief occupations of the Indians in this
agency: as labourers, guides, fishing, hunting, basket-making, and coopering.
Buildings. — Their buildings are frame and are comfortable.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians as a rule is good. Their
dwellings are kept clean and no refuse allowed to accumulate.
Characteristics. — They are law-abiding and are fairly industrious but are
inclined to spend their earnings as fast as they get them.
Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate, and their morals are good.
RFPORrS OF IXDIAN AGENTS 35
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
KEPORT OF N. P. FREEMAN, INDIAN AGENT FOR LUNENBURG COUNTY
NOVA SCOTIA.
Tribe. — All the Indians of this agency are Micmacs.
Health and Sanitation.— The health of these Indians during the past year has
been good, there having been no epidemics. Greater care is being taken in' keeping
their premises clean.
Occupation.— These Indians get their living by farming, fresh-water fishing cook-
-. engaging as laborers, making baskets, making mast-hoops, and stream-driving
farm Machinery and Implements.— A few ploughs, harrows, hoes and some oth-r
small articles are possessed by them, and aire well cared for.
Buildings.— The houses and otlier buildings are all frame buildings.
Stock— Their stock consists of oxen and young cattle, cows and poultry, and two
or three of them have a horse. The stock is well cared for.
Characteristics and Progress.— These Indians are with few exceptions, very in-
dustrious and law-abiding. "^
Temperance and Morality.— With few exceptions, the inhabitants of this agency
moral and temperate.
REPORT OF REV. J. D. MacLEOD, INDIAN AGENT FOR PICTOU COUNTY
NOVA SCOTIA.
Tribe.— All the Indians in this agency are Micmacs.
Occupations.— These Indians are engaged in farming, fishing, making basket^^
and pick-handles, and hiring as labourers. Not a few wcrk at the ..tecl works at New
I ^Jasgow M^any during the past summer found employment loading steamers at Pictou
I and Pictou Landing with lumber, and products of Nova Scotia Steel Company The
I smelt-hshmg was not a success during the past season. The Indians have no boats or
I nets for sea fishing. This, it is thought, would be a profitable source of employment if
they had the means.
j The women help in making baskets and moccasins.
Farm Implements.— The Indians take good care of their farm implements such
as ploughs, harrows, wagons, and cultivators.
Buildings.- All the houses with few exceptions are frame buildings of small size
and fairly comfortable.
Health and Sanitation.— The health of the Indians has been good. Precautions
are taken in avoiding infection in cases of tuberculosis.
Characteristics and Progress.- The Indians are industrious with few exceptions.
The younger men show a more progressive spirit and are anxious to secure more per-
manent and lucrative occupations at nearby industries to build better dwellings and
to iTve up to a higher standard of life.
Temperance, and Morality.— The large majority of the Indians are temperate.
.. There are but few exceptions. Their morals with rare exceptions are very good.
i.
REPORT OF CHARLES HARLOW, INDIAN AGENT FOR QUEENS COUNTY
NOVA SCOTIA.
Tribe. — All the Indians in this agency are Micmacs.
Health and Sanitation.— The health of the Indians in this agency has beeu good
except for grippe. They observe sanitary regulations about their buildings fairly well.
Occupations. — The Indians on this reserve make their living by farming, hunting,
fishing, basket-making, and working in the lumber woods.
Lharaoieristics- The Indians in this agency are industrious and law-abiding.
Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate, and their morals are good.
27— ii— 3i
36 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
REPOKT OF REV. K L. McDONALD, INDIAN AGENT FOR RICHMOND
COUNTY, NOVA SCOTIA.
Tribe. — All the Indians of this agency are Micmacs.
Occupations. — They engage in farming, fishing, coopering of all kinds, hire as
labourers, and do a little trapping. Although greater attention is given each year to
farming, there is still great room for improvement.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — More of these have been purchased during the
year. Good care is taken of them.
Buildings. — Nearly all are framed, they are comfortable and fairly vpell furnished.
Health and Sanitation. — The general health has been good. There were no epi-
demics.
Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are veiy law-abiding. Very few
indeed are indolent. Given an opportunity, they are industrious and strive to improve
their condition.
Temperance and Morality. — Their morals are good. They are nearly all total
abstainers from intoxicants.
REPORT OF JOHN HIPSON, INDIAN AGENT FOR SHELBURNE COUNTY,
NOVA SCOTIA.
Tribe. — All the Indians in this agency are Micmacs.
Health and Sanitation.— The health of the Indians has been fairly good during the
year. They observe the sanitary regulations.
Occupations. — The Indians are engaged in fishing, hunting, making baskets, and
hiring as labourers.
Buildings. — The buildings in this agency are of frame. They are comfortable and
kept in good repair.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians are law-abiding and industrious, but
make very little progress.
Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate. Their moral character is good.
REPORT OF JOHN E. CAMPBELL, INDIAN AGENT FOR VICTORIA
COUNTY, NOVA SCOTIA. ,
Occupations. — The chief occupations of the Indians in this agency are: farming,
fishing, timbering, hunting, coopering, basket-making and hiring out as labourers.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — They take fairly good care of machinery and
implements.
Buildings. — The majority of the buildings are in fairly good repair.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the members of this band has been fairly
good; liowever, the nomadic habits of one family brought scarletina to the reserve,
which caused the death of two children and the discomfiture of many others ; two others
died of consumption. They try to conceal the presence of any contagious disease.
Characteristics and Progress. — The majority of them are industrious and law-
abiding, more of them are so on the principle of "making a virtue of necessity." They
are becoming more independent and self-sustaining each succeeding year.
Temperance and Morality. — Very few, if any, of the heads of families drink any
liquor or at least spend any money in buying it, but very few of them also would refuse^
it from another man. There is no liquor drunk on the reserve, but there are three
four who drink all they earn when they get to where it is to be had.
Their morals are fairly good.
REPORTS OF IXniAX AaFXTF! 37
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
I KEPORT OF W. H. WIIALEN, INDIAN AGENT FOR YARMOUTH COUNTY
f NOVA SCOTIA.
Tribe. — There are five families on the reserve, IG in number, the rest of tlie
Indians are scattered all over the county.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians is very poor.
' Occupations. — These Indians engage in the making of baskets, mast hoops and
f axe-handles, also in trapping. Some go as guides in the fishing and shooting season
;ind berry-picking.
Progress. — Very little progress is being made by these Indians.
Temperance and morality. — \Vith few exceptions they are very temperate.
REPORT OF A. J. BOYD, INDIAN SUPERINTENDENT FOR EASTERN
NOVA SCOTIA AND PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
Tribe or Nation. — Indian tribes inhabiting the territory over which my super-
vision extends at present, are the ]\ricmac in Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island
and Northeastern New Brunswick, and the Amalecite in Northern and Southwestern
New Brunswick.
Health and Sanitation. — An epidemic of measles, which was prevalent in many
sections of the ^laritime Provinces within the year, visited most of our Indian reserves
and caused the deaths of several children. Consumption also, the Indian's insidious
physical foe, exacted its toll of lives as usual. Yet, the death-rate was not abnormal.
Close personal observation inclines me to the belief that consumption is not as
common among Indians as it was formerly, and, if so, the happy change is no doubt
due to improved sanitary conditions, whose principles are becoming better understood
by these people from day to day, and as the direct result of persistent education on
that point by school teachers, agents, and medical officers.
Buildings. — Several dwelling-houses and other buildings were erected within the
year, some of which are not yet completed, but no doubt will receive the finishing
touches during the approaching summer months. I note that most of the buildings
erected in recent years are well and substantially constructed. The dwellings, al-
though small comparatively speaking, are modern in style and planned with the
object of obtaining the most accommodation from the smallest space; facts which
surely denote advancement in the scale of civilization.
Stock. — The stock raised by Indians includes horses, cattle, and pigs, but no
sheep. They keep too many vicious worthless dogs to make sheep-raising either for
themselves or their neighbours a profitable undertaking. Some steps must be taken
to compel the owners of such dogs to destroy them.
It seems to be an ambition among Indians to own a horse, and, as a consequence,
more horses may be found on some reserves than prudence would suggest or circum-
stances justify. As a rule they are kind to domestic animals and take good care of
those they own. Occasionally some of them undertake to winter more stock tlian their
means would properly afford, but they are resourceful and manage to tide over diffi-
culties arising from a shortage of fodder that would dismay people considered more
rldly-wise.
Farm Implements. — Indians who till the soil to any extent ae well equipped with
farm implements, which are owned also in .«ome cases by tho.se who have very little use
for them, and which in the latter circumstances represent money not judiciously spent.
These utilities are generally well cared for.
Progress. — Evidences of progress to a greater or less extent may be seen on every
reserve. In some places they are quite marked, as one would think on seeing a well
dressed Indian with a gold watch chain dangling from his fob pocket, enjoying a ride
38 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
y GEORGE V, A. 1917
in HI'S up-to-date rig. Further evidences are the erection of dwelling-houses and other
buildings as mentioned above, the cultivation of the land, and other forms of improve-
ment.
• Temperance and Morality. — The large majority of the Indians make no use of
intoxicating liquor; but yet too many of them are much addicted to it, especially in
particular sections of the country, where, however, officials are exerting themselves to
suppress the liquor traffic -with these unfortunates, and it is to be hoped that their
efforts may be completely successful in due time.
While there is considerable room for improvement in the moral character of both
Micmacs and Amalecites, I would say that they bear favourable comparison in that
respect with other classes of the population.
REPORT OF REV. JOHN A. McDONALD, INDIAN AGENT FOR PRINCE
EDWARD ISLAND.
Tribe. — All the Indians of this province are Micmacs.
Health and Sanitation. — There has been a great improvement in the health of the
Indians, especially for the latter part of the year. The new water-supply and other
■sanitary precautions undertaken by the department at Rocky Point have been followed
so far by beneficial results. The Indians are generally careful to destroy all refuse
^bout their places.
Occupations. — They do not make a great success of farming. Some of them, how-
ever, are persevering, notwithstanding the very unfavourable season last year. Some
are engaged in fishing, but the greater number still depend largely on the making of
Indian wares.
Buildinge. — A few new houses have been erected of a better type than formerly
by some of the Indians, and as a consequence others are trying to follow along the
same lines. They keep them clean and neat.
Stock. — The Indians look after their stock well enough, but the trouble is, they
have too little. Only a few will take the trouble to keep cows. Those they have are
excellent. I have tried to impress on them the need of keeping cows so as to have
milk for the children.
Farm implements. — They take good care of tiieir implements.
Characteristics and Progress. — They are making slow progress, but generally are
advancing and bettering their condition.
Temperance and Morality. — While they may be classed as ternperate and moral,
there seem to be periodical relapses. They are much the same as their white neigh-
bours.
REPORT OF G. H. WHEATLEY, INDIAN AGENT FOR BIRTLE
AGENCY, MANITOBA.
Bands. — This agency comprises the following bands: Keeseekoowenin's, No. 61;
Waywayseecappo's, No. 62; Gambler's No. 63; Rolling River, No. 67; Clear Water
Lake, No. 61 A; and Bird Tail Sioux, No. 67.
Occupations and Resources. — The Indians of the Bird Tail Sioux band, No. 57,
are practically all farmers, although a few hunt and trap. They earn their living
by growing wheat, oats, barley, and corn; and raise some cattle, horses, pigs and
ix)ultry. All work small gardens and raise potatoes, beans, onions, turnips and other
garden truck. Other resources are fallen dry wood gathered and sold, also a quantity
-^f big willows for. fencing purposes.
REPORTS OF IXni.W A f! i:\TS 39
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
The women make willow baskets, straw and rag mats, moccasins and beadwork of
all kinds for sale. The band also earns considerable money in the sale of senaga-root
and wild fruits.
The Indians of the Keeseekoowenin's band earn their living principally by farm-
ing, growing wheat, oats and barley. They raise some cattle, horses and some pigs,
and a number raise poultry. The band sells its surplus hay and dry fire-wood. All
have gardens and raise potatoes and other garden truck. A number hunt and trap
and do some fishing, and make a good living from the .sale of their fur catch.
The women make willow baskets, rag and straw mats, moccasins and beadwork
of all kinds, they also sell wild fruits and senega-root, during the season. Some of
the young women are excellent needle women and earn good wages at dressmaking
and other needlework. Other young women are employed as domestic servants ii\
the homes of good reliable people, and on the whole give fairly good satisfaction to
their employers.
Of the Indians of the Waywayseecappo's band, a number farm and grow wheat,
oats and barley, raise some cattle and horses and a few poultry. A number Imnt and
trap, the principal catch being, muskrat, mink and wolf. All have small gardens and
raise potatoes, carrots, onions, turnips and other garden truck. The band receives
quite a revenue from the ?ale of tlie falliMi timber on the reserve, and the surplus hay.
A number of the younger men work out as farm labourers and earn good wages.
The women make willow baskets, straw and rag mats, moccasins and beadwork
of all kinds. Some of the young women, ex-pupils, work out as domestic servants,
and give fairly good satisfaction to their employers.
The Indians of the Gambler's reserve. No. 63, earn their living from the farm.
They are up-to-date farmers and have all the necessary implements required on a well
equipped farm. They grow on the farm, wheat, oats and barley, raise cattle, horses,
pigs and poultry, are well-to-do, and getting better oil each year.
The members of the Rolling Eiver band, No. 67, earn their living by farming
and raising cattle, some horses, and poultr;s-. A number hunt and trap and fish.
They sell the dry fallen timber and their surplus hay. A number of the younger men
work out as farm labourers during the seeding and harvest, and make very good
wages.
The women make willow baskets, rag and straw mats, moccasins, and do bead-
work of all kinds, also tan hides. During the wild fruit season large quantities are
gathered and sold at good prices. Senega-root is also gathered in very large quan-
tities during the summer months, it is then dried and sold, netting the Indians a good
return during the summer months.
Farm Machineiy and Implements. — As the Indians purchase nearly all their own
farm implements, good care, on the whole, is taken of them.
Buildings. — Improvements in dwelling-houses are steadily going on. It is now
the ambition of each head of a family to deny himself and save up sufficient moneys
to enable him to purchase lumber and shingles to improve his log house and make it
more comfortable for his wife and family.
There are a number of good stables, storehouses and granaries on each reserve,
aU in fairly good repair.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians during the past year has been
satisfactorj'. There were no serious epidemics. Measles were prevalent on the
Rolling River reserve, and the cases developed were kept well in hand by the medical
officer, Dr. Montague.
There have been the usual cases of tuberculosis, tubercular glands, pneumonia,
bronchitis, and other minor ills, which were attended to by the medical officers
appointed for each reserve. There were a few deaths from these diseases. Every
precaution is taken by the medical officers when treating tubercular cases, premises
are kept clean as possible and the building thoroughly disinfected. During the
40 DEPARTMEyT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
summer months the Indians move into their tents, and their houses are then lime-
washed inside and out, and the premises cleaned up and all refuse burned.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians on the whole are making progress
slowly. Those who are steady and persevere on the farm and raise stock are making
fair progress. A number, however, seem to have no ambition, energy or foresight, to
make their living by cultivating the land, or raising cattle, preferring to follow the old
nomadic life of hunting and trapping.
The ex-pupils who have received a good training in the schools, and who have
started farming for themselves, are making steady- progress. These pupils are
assisted by the department when they leave school, in the way of work oxen, harness,
ploughs, harrows and other necessary implements. They are allotted quarter sec-
tions in their reserves, and every encouragement is given to the young men to make
good on their land.
Temperance and Morality. — The Indiaiis are law-abiding, and are very rarely im-
plicated in any very serious crimes. Their morals, under the condition in which they
live, are very good. The liquor traffic affects them seriously, as there are a number who
are addicted to its use. There are a number of unscrupulous persons who will pur-
chase intoxicants for them for the profit in it and who act as a go-between for the
licensed hotel and the Indian, and it is very rarely that sufficient evidence can be ob-
tained to secure a conviction. There is a special constable detailed for the suppres-
sion of the liquor traffic ; but, owing to the distance apart of the reserves in the agency,
constant supervision cannot be done by the constable.
There were four convictions during the year for selling intoxicants to Indians.
Stock. — Notwithstanding the long hard winter, cattle and horses wintered well.
There was sufficient feed and the animals came through in pretty fair condition, with
a very light per cent of loss.
The improvement in the class of horses now used on all the reserves, was brought
about by the Indians taking a greater interest in cultivating the land, and the result is
a better class of work horse, on all the reserves, than formerly was the case.
A number of the Indians take an interest in raising cattle, but the majority do
not, preferring to have no responsibility in the care of them during the winter months.
General Eemarks. — A number of young men from this agency, ex-pupils of indus-
trial and boarding schools, have enlisted for active service and are now in training in
Winnipeg and other points in Manitoba. Their physiques are good, and they should
make good soldiers.
REPOET OF F. W. R. COLCLEUGH, INDIAN AGENT FOR CLANDEBOYE
AGENCY, MANITOBA.
Tribes. — The Indians in this agency are principally Ojibbewas or Saulteaux,
with more or less of an admixture of Swampy Cree, and quite a number of French
half-breeds belong to the Fort Alexander reserve.
Bands. — This agency is composed of the following bands: old St. Peters, Broken-
head, Fort Alexander, Black River and Hollow Water River.
Health and Sanitation. — On all the reserves of this agency an epidemic of
whooping cough and measles broke out during the winter, and quite a number of
deaths occurred, the Fort Alexander band suffering the most in this respect. The
deaths were mostly among the children from the age of three years and under. The
Black River band escaped without having one death.
Occupations. — Fishing and hunting are the chief occupations of all the Indians
in this agency. Some of the members of the bands also raise some stock, but the
members of the Fort Alexander band engage more extensively in stock-raising than
any of the other bands. All the members of the different reserves occasionally engage
in any kind of employment they can get. During the past winter quite a rnmiber of
REPORTS OF IXDIAN AGENTS 41
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
the Black River and Hollow Water I'iver Tiuliaiis liave been working: at the mines in
the Rice Lake mining district.
Stock. — All the bands have some horses and cattle, while the Fort Alexander band
has quite a number of horses, cattle and pigs. One Indian of the Brokenhead band
has started to raise sheep.
Farm Implements. — Some of the bands in this agency have farm implements, but
the majority- have not. The Fort Alexander band raises oats, wheat, and barley on a
Miiall scale. The other bands do not engage in agriculture; they have only small
uardens.
Buildings. — Xearly all the houses in this agency are built of logs and have
shingled or thatched roofs. There are some frame dwellings, but very few. The
houses are generally comfortable and clean in the inside and nicely whitewashed on
the outside. Most of the Indians of the Brokenhead band live in tents during the
summer months.
Characteristics and Progress. — The members of the Hollow Water band are much
t:iven to roaming around, but they seem to be contented. Very few of them reside
tin their own reserve during the summer. The members of the Brokenhead band are
mostly pagan and not very prosperous. The Black River Indians are industrious,
and quite frequently work, in the lumber and wood camps, and at any other work
whenever they get an opportunity.
Temperance and ^Nlorality. — Most of the Indians belonging to this agency are
luite temperate; but their morality is not of a very high standard.
REPORT OF T. II. CARTER, INDIAX AGENT FOR THE FISHER RIVER
AGENCY, MANITOBA.
Bands. — There are 10 bands in this agency: Peguis, Fisher River, Bloodvein,
.Tackhead, Berens River, Poplar River, Grand Rapids, Little Grand Rapids, Pekange-
kum, and Deer Lake. The people of these bands are a mixture of Cree and Saulteaux.
Occupations. — Most of the Indians obtain a living by hunting and fishing, with
the exception of those of the Peguis and Fisher River bands, many of whom raise
-tock. do a little cultivation, and work for white people at various callings.
Farm Implements and ^Machinery. — The Indians of the Fisher River agency have
a sufficient supply of implements and tools, which are used and cared for in a fair
manner.
Buildings. — These are in fair condition and are being added to in most reserves.
Health and Sanit<ation. — As a rule the Indians are fairly healthy, but a severe
attack of grippe during the past winter proved fatal in several cases.
Temperance and Morality. — The Indians are fairly temperate and moral. With
the curtailment of the white man's privilege in regard to the obtaining of intoxicants,
a greater improvement in temperance among Indians may he exy^cted.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians character is good, and, if properly
cultivated, should result in the Indian becoming a good citizen; but his progress is
necessarily slow.
REPORT OF JA:MES McDOXALD, IXDIAX AGENT FOR THE ORIS WOLD
AGENCY, MANITOBA.
Bands. — This agency comprises two bands, Oak River, No. 5S, and Oak Lake,
No. 59.
Occupations.— The chief occupation of these Indians is farming, and they are
cultivating their land much better than formerly; consequently they are raising a
better grade of wheat. Quite a number of the Indians go hunting and trapping in
season. The women do beadwork, make baskets, mats, and moccasins for sale.
42 DEPARTilEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Stock. — Their stock is increasing in number, and a better class of horses is being
bred on the reserves.
Farm Machinery and Implement. — The farm machinery and implements in This
agency are some of the best that can be bought; it is mostly modern machinery, and
the Indians have purchased a new traction threshing outfit, which after a few lessons
and supervision they seem quite capable of handling. Practically all the new machinery
is kept under cover ; the Indians find that it pays to protect it.
Buildings. — They are not only improving the houses they live in, but they are
improving the housing of their stock. There have been several new stables built this
year, larger and better ventilated than formerly with hay lofts above and gable roofs.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians has been satisfactory. There
was quite an epidemic of whooping cough last spring, followed by a number of cases
of measles. A -few cases of tuberculosis in the first stages have been cured by the doctor.
The Indians have improved very much in the cleanliness of themselves and their
houses. Where deaths have occurred from tuberculosis, the houses have been disin-
fected. They are also taking better care of their children's health.
Characteristics and Progress. — They are fairly industrious and are getting more
self-reliant every year. Quite a number of them have wheat to sell all the year round;
whereas they used to sell it all at once and waste their money. Now they put in a
good stock of flour and other necessaries in the fall. They are showing improvement
and making progress. The corn crop was a partial failure owing to the frost last June.
Temperance and Morality. — The majority of the Indians in this agency are
temperate; there have been a few cases of intemperance, but these have been off the
reserves and not more than could be expected owing to the condition of things at
present.
The standard of morality is fairly good.
EEPOET OF J. JONES, INDIAN AGENT FOR NORWAY HOUSE AGENCY,
MANITOBA.
Bands. — In this agency we have seven bands, namely, Norway House, Cross Lake,
Split Lake, Nelson House, Oxford House, God's Lake, and Island Lake.
Occupations. — The chief occupations of these Indians are: hunting, trapping,
fishing, tripping, cutting cord-wood, making fishnets and snowshoes, and building skiffs.
The women are skilful in silk work, such as in making moccasins, gloves, and skin coats.
Some of the Indians raise stock; but this is only in a small way, as the coTintry is not
adapted to stock-raising. Potatoes are grown by a few of the more progressive Indians.
The resources of the districts are fish, fur and game.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — ^No farm machinery is used in this agency, as
the land is not adapted for agriculture. The implements used are the hoe, pitsaw, and
axe, and these are well cared for.
Buildings. — Their buildings are all of log construction with shingle roofs; they are
neat in appearance, but too small to be healthy. Efforts are being made to induce the
Indians to build larger houses and better ventilated. Three of the houses have been
covered with drop siding, and dormer windows added to the iipper story.
Health and Sanitation. — There have been a few cases of dysentery among the
children. Influenza has been prevalent among all classes; a few of these cases have
developed into pneumonia.
Sanitary rules are being observed by most of the people, and yet there is great
room for improvement.
Characteristics and Progress. — The transition process is so slow that it is almost
imperceptible. The old habits are still in evidence. They are a people who live in the
present, spending their all as they earn it. Of course there are a few exceptions, but
liEPORTS OF IXniAN AGENTS 43
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
speaking grenerally. they live without thought of future need^. The majority are indus-
trious, and prefer to work near home. As a people, they are law-abiding.
Temperance and Morality.— This territory is under prohibition, therefore tlie
temptation to indulge in intoxicants is not placed before the people. Sometimes some
unscrupulous white man smuggles in liquor, but I have not heard of any treaty Indian
indulging in drink this year.
The morals of the people are of a very low standard; there is room for imi)rove-
ment.
REPORT OF W. R. TAYLOR. IXDIAX AGENT FOR THE PAS AGENCY.
:\iAxrr()i;A axd Saskatchewan.
Bands. — The Pas agency comprises the following bands: Chemawawin, Cumber-
land, The Pas, Moose Lake, Red Earth, and Shoal Lake.
Occupations. — Hunting and trapping are the chief occupation of the Indians in
this agency. The country not being adapted for extensive farming, without tremendous
expense, and as the Indians cannot afford the outlay to farm extensively, they do no
more than raise potatoes and a few other vegetables, for their own use, selling what
surplus they have. A little is done in stock-raising; but this is discouraging, as at any
season we may get high water, which floods the hay lands, as it did last summer, then
hay is very hard to get. Several of the Indians are trading for themselves, and are
doing fairly well. Some of the younger educated ones are clerking for merchants in
The Pas, while a few fish for commercial purposes, and all for their own use.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — Very little farm machinery is used in this
agency, what machinery and implements the Indians have are fairly well taken care of.
I am encouraging and advising them to build sheds in which they can keep their imple-
ments and machinery.
Buildings. — These are mostly built of logs, and roofed with shingles or paroid roof-
ing. They are finished with matched lumber inside. Several frame buildings have
been erected, and, being painted, are of pleasing appearance beside the log houses.
Health and Sanitation. — During the past year, generally speaking, the health ol
the Indians has been good. \\'Iiile many minor cases of sickness have been treated by
the medical officer and medical dispensers, there has been no serious outbreak of any
contagious disease on any of the reserves. A light outbreak of fever occurred among
the pupils at the McKay boarding school; but by isolating each case to the hospital
as it was discovered, and fumigating the school, the disease was brought under control
and stamped out, without a single fatality. Refuse from around houses is diligently
gathered and burnt. Wliile some are careless in matters of sanitation, the majority
keep their houses and surroundings clean.
Stock. — There has been a slight increase in live stock during the past year,
the increase amounting to forty-three head in cattle and native horses. No poultry is
raised on account of the difficulty in protecting them from dogs. It has been tried
without succe.ss. Cattle wintered well and had sufficient feed.
Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are law-abiding, and have great
respect for any one in authority. Little can be said regarding progress. They have
earned more this year owing to advance in prices of furs, and. while they may not be
advancing as rapidly as could be wished, they are not going backwards. While there
are a few indolent ones among them, the majority are fairly industrious, and are will-
ing to work.
Temperance and Morality. — Speaking generally, the Indians in this agency are
temperate. Since the hotel opened, opportunities have been better for procuring liquor,
had they looked for it; but I am pleased to say that we have had no more trouble than
before. The cases of drunkenness that have come before the authorities have been
younger Indians. The elder ones do not have any desire for intoxicants. The police
44 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
are very alert in matters of this kind, and this may have a restraining effect on the
Indians, as they respect law greatly; but I consider great credit is due to the Indians
of this agency for the way they keep themselves from this curse of mankind, intoxicat-
ing liquor.
Eoot Crop. — Last year with the exception of Red Earth and Shoal Lake, the
crop was very light; at Moose Lake practically a failure. The two former reserves
had good returns, as the soil is excellent for raising vegetables.
EEPORT OF A. OGLETREE, INDIAN AGENT FOR PORTAGE LA
PRAIRIE AND MANITOWAPAH AGENCIES, J^IANITOBA.
PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE AGEXCY.
Bands. — The following bands are included in this agency : Roseau River and
Rapids, Swan Lake, Indian Gardens, Long Plain, and Portage la Prairie.
Occupations. — Grain-growing is the chief industry. The younger men are making
good farmers, the older men do some hunting and trapping. Very little stock is
raised.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — These Indians are well supplied with maehi-'
nery. They buy most of it themselves, but do not take very good care of their imple-
ments. ■
Buildings. — Most of the houses are built of logs. They are generally comfortable
and clean.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians in this agency, during the
past year,, has been fairly good. An epidemic of grippe or influenza visited all the
reserves, but not many deaths have been reported.
Characteristics and Progress. — The majority of these Indians are industrious;
they either farm themselves or work out with farmers in the summer-time. In the
winter-time they chop wood.
Temperance and Morality. — Most of these Indians are temperate; but their
morality is not of the best.
PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE SIOUX.
These Indians live near the city of Portage la Prairie. They have good gardens,
and during the harvest they work for the white farmers, and in the winter-time they
chop wood.
Most of these Indians are very fond of liquor, but on account of this city being
under Local Option, it is now very hard for them to get liquor.
MANITOWAPAH AGENCY.
Bands. — The following bands are included in this agency: Sandy Bay, Lake
Manitoba, Ebb and Ftow, Fairford, Lal?e St. Martin, Little Saskatchewan, Crane
River, Waterhen, Pine Creek, and Shoal River.
Occupations. — Hunting, trapping and fishing are the chief occupations of these
Indians. Very little farming is done, as the land in this agency is not adapted for
grain-growing. Some of the Indians raise a few cattle.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — These Indians are well supplied with the
machinery they require, but are very careless about their implements when no^; in use.
Buildings. — Some of these Indians have very good houses; these are kept clean
and are very comfortable; their stables are well built and warm.
Health and Sanitation. — During the past year the health of these Indians has
been fairly good. A severe epidemic of grippe or influenza visited all these reserves;
FEFORTS OF /.V/J/A.Y AGEXTS 45
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
but a very few deaths resulted. During last summer small-pox broke out among the
Indians of Lake Manitoba reserve, but by the prompt action of the doctor, with the
assistance of the Sisters of St. Joseph, the epidemic wa3 soon checked. The sanitary
regulations are improving on some of these reserves.
Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians, with a few exceptions, are doing
very well. Some of them are increasing their possessions, and their homes are
improving in comfort.
Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are becoming more temperate, but
their morality is not improving.
REPORT OF S. J. JACKSOX. IXSPECTOR FOR LAKE :\[AX1T0BA IXSPEC-
TORATE, MAXITOBA.
PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE AGENCY.
I visited all the reserves in this agency at least once during the year 1915-lG.
The Swan Lake and Roseau reserves, I visited on several occasions. My first visit
to the Swan Lake i"eser\'e was on April 26 and 27, when the band decided by a resolu-
tion, which was forwarded to the department, to expend $8,000 out of its capital
account, in breaking up 600 or 700 acres of the reserve, buying implements, horses,
etc., etc. This amount, which was to come out of the capital funds of the band and
was for improvements, was advanced to 22 members of the band who wished to go
into farming or increase their present acreage. The amount expended in this reserve
out of its capital fund, was in round figures $7,400. This amount is to be repaid to
the capital funds of the band by those Indians who benefited, in five annual payments,
without interest.
I visited the Roseau reserve on May 24 to get a resolution signed by the band in
connection with the breaking of 500 acres and the purchasing of the necessary farm
implements, seed wheat, oxen, etc., necessary to farm this increased acreage. The
amount of $4,886 has been expended to date on these improvements, and this sum
has been taken out of the capital fund of the band and is to.be returned to the capital
fund in five annual payments by 19 members of the band, who are to work the new
land that was broken. Nearly all of the new land was disked last fall and will be
all seeded in wheat within a month. The Indians of this agency had a fairly success-
ful year in farming during the past season.
It is a very fortunate thing for the Swan Lake and Roseau bands that a large
acreage of new land was broken up last year, as last fall, the season being a very bad
one, hardly any fall ploughing was done in the province. At the time of writing,
spring has not as yet opened up in the country, no seeding being done at this date
anywhere in the vicinity of the reserves, and from present prospects it will be the
first of May before seeding starts in most parts where the reserves are situated. This
agency is at the present time almost altogether depending upon grain-raising for a
living, as there are very few cattle kept on the reserves, 55 being the total number for
the agency, and of this number 53 are owned by the Roseau and Swan Lake bands,
leaving only two head of cattle as owned by the Long Plain band. The farm instruc-
tors on the Roseau and Swan Lake reserves are taking great interest now in the pro-
gress made during the past year in the breaking up of the land. During the year,
the Indians as a whole on these reserves have made a fair living, and the war has made
little, if any, difference as far as they are concerned.
We are still having more or loss trouble with whi:*ky on all of the rl'^;('^v(•s.
all the bands being located in districts where there are licen.sed hotels in their imme-
diate vicinity. A great many members of the three bands in this agency still lead
a very roving life; just as soon as spring opens, they get out and travel around the
46 DEPARTMEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
country. A large number of them still take very little interest in the cultivation of
the soil, but a number of the younger Indians are seeing that they will have to get to
work on the land to make a living, and the experiment made this year in breaking the
land will help the young men to see what they can do in the direction of farming.
During last year, I bought a threshing-machine for the Swan Lake band, costing in
round figures $3,200. Over $1,600 was paid by these Indians last fall out of their
interest money on this account, and the next payment will be made the coming fall
out of the same interest funds. It was a very fortunate thing for this band that the
threshing-machine was bought this year, as on account of the very large crop in the
country, threshers were very scarce, and, without this machine, none of their grain
would have been threshed at the time of writing. A great number of the white
farmers in that vicinity still have their threshing to do, but the band has finished all
its threshing excepting a few oats.
A farm instructor was appointed for the Long Plain band during the past year.
A good residence and out-buildings have been built, and the intention is to try to
instruct the Indians in mixed farming. On this reserve they have been doing very
little farming, when the quality of the soil and the amount of good land that they
have on the reserve are taken into account, and it is hoped that the appointment of
this new official on this reserve will have a good effect on these Indians.
The health of the Indians during the year has been good; there have been no serious
sickness and just the ordinary deaths from old age, etc.
MANITOWAPAH AGENCY.
I visited all the reserves in this agency during the month of June; Sandy Bay on
June -2, Lake Manitoba on June 4, Ebb and Flow on the 7th, Lake St. Martin on the
10th, Little Saskatchewan on the 11th, Fairford on the 12th, Crane Kiver on the 16th,
Water Hen on the 17th, Pine Creek on the 26th, and Shoal Eiver on the 28th. I also
visited Sandy Bay reserve in March, and spent several weeks at Fairford during the
fall of 1915, looking after the building of the new combined day school that was put up
on that reserve by the department. The Indians of the Sandy Bay reserve have made
a fair living during the year; they are raising a little grain on that reserve now. A
number of the younger men in this band are commencing to farm a little. The land is
good oTi the reserve, and they are commencing to see the benefits of doing some farm-
ing. They also put up 625 tons of hay during the season and on my recent visit in
March they reported that the cattle and horses have been wintering fairly well.
There is no progress to report on the Lake Manitoba .reserve. I found things at
the time of my visit just about the same as usual. Quite a number of Indians from
this reserve work out among the white farmers, and earn quite a bit of money that way.
Tliey made quite a sum of money this season in fishing as have nearly all the bands in
this agency.
Tliere is no progress to report on the Ebb and Flow reserve, things going just about
the same as usual. The great bulk of the male members of this band are out working
during the summer season, among the farmers in the Gladstone and Portage la Prairie
districts, and make a great part of their living in this way. They also fish and are able
to get plenty for their own use and always sell some in the fall and winter.
The Indians on the Lake St. Martin and Little Saskatchewan reserves are not
making very much progress, and about all that we can get them to do is to put in a
garden. Last year, all the gardens in that part of the country were practically ruined
by the early August frosts, and none of the Indians have raised enough potatoes for
their own use during the season. Both these bands are in a first-class district for
fishing, but this last fall fishing was not as good as usual, and in consequence quite a
number of the Indians have had hard work to make a living and keep their families in
any sort of comfort. They have been able to get enough fish for their own use, but
REPORTS OF lyniAX AGENTS 47
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 i
not very many for sale. Prices of fur this year have been better than last, and that
has helped them ont to some extent, in fact all of their living is made by hunti)i^ and
fishing. A few of the Indians go out to work, but the bulk of them just stay at or near
the reserve.
During the early summer of 1915, I sent in to this reserve, about 50 bushels of
fresh seed potatoes, which were paid for at treaty-time. They were all planted, but
unfortunately the early August frost killed all the tops, and the potatoes were of no
use; so practically all of the potatoes the Indians used during last winter had to be
brought in by the stores in that district, which supply the Indians with certain kinds
of provisions in exchange for their furs and fish.
There is nothing new to report about the Crane River reserve, which was visited
once during the year. The cows that were bought the year before are all doing well,
and the members of the band were much pleased that they had invested $600 in these
cattle. At the time of ray visit to this reserve, the potatoes were looking very well, but
the crop was very poor last fall.
The Water lien band has done very well during the past year. Fishing was good
and a number of the band this winter have made as high as $500 by the sale of fish.
These Indians are very free spenders of money, and what they get for fish does not
last very long. They buy all kinds of things, and as a rule when we get there at treaty-
time, in June, there is none of their winter money left. They are in a district where
there is a great supply of the very best of whitcfish, and they also are able to get plenty
of hay for their cattle.
There is no progress to report on the Pine Creek reserve. I visited this reserve
twice during the 5'ear, and had band meetings on both occasions, and, though the
Indians are making a fair living, hunting and fishing, there is not much actual pro-
gress discernible on the reserve. These Indians do a considerable amount of hunting
for fur, and the prices being higher this year, will help them out. The fishing in the
district was not very good, so many of the white and half-breed settlers fishing now
hurts the Indian. The Indian boarding school on this reserve is quite a help to the
Indians, work of one kind or another being available at certain times of the year,
during the farming operations of the school.
At the time of my visit to Shoal River reserve, the Indians were just about in the
same condition as in the preceding year, having lived very well, and the reports that
have come in during the past winter say that the fishing is good and that the Indians
had a successful year. This is a great district for the best whitefish, and the Indians
are only about 30 miles from the railway, and the buyers come right on to the reserve
to take their fish there for shipment. The price for fish this year was just about the
same as last, and from reports I have received the Indians have made quite a bit of
money during the fishing season.
General Remarls.
All the Indians of this agency depend for a large part of their living on the sale
of fish and fur, and now that the railways are adjacent to quite a number of the
reserves, they also sell quite a lot of wood as nearly all the reserves in this agency
are largely wooded with white poplar and spruce. Sandy Bay, Ebb and Flow, Dog
Creek and Crane River resen-es are situated on Lake Manitoba. Lake St. Martin,
Little Saskatchewan and Fairford reserves adjoin Lake St. Martin. The Water Ilcn
reserve is situated on the river of the same name, which connects Lake Winnipegosis
and Lake Manitoba. The Pine Creek and Shoal River reserves are situated on Lake
Winr'pegosis, the latter on an arm of the lake called Dawson bay.
On account of the high prices of cattle during the last two or three years, the
Indians on all the reserves have been induced to sell quite a large number of their
stock. The number of cattle and horses on the resen-e in June last was 1.109 as against
48 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
1,585 in June 1914, a decrease of 476 during the year and the decrease is particularly
in cattle. Cattle were high during the year and the Indians were tempted and induced
by the buyers to sell. The agent and myself on every occasion have been telling the
Indians not to sell their young animals; but when the buyer comes along and offers
a good price, the cattle go.
The health of the Indians has been generally good during the year. There have
been some slight epidemics like grippe, but nothing of a very serious nature.
GRISWOLD AGENCY.
I inspected both reserves in this agency during the year, and found that the
Indians were in very good condition and had made a good living off the land. The
agency consists of two reserves, the Oak Lake and the Oak River. The Oak River
reserve is situated about 6 miles north of the town of Griswold, which is on the main
line of the Canadian Pacific railway, and the Oak Lake reserve is close to the town
of Pipestone, which is situated 182' miles from Winnipeg, on the Canadian Pacific
railway, southwestern branch. The Indians on both of these resei-ves depend now to
quite a large extent on the soil for a living. The Oak River band has a much larger
population than the one at Pipestone and had quite a large crop during the past year.
Fifty-three members of this band are farming at the present time.
On the Oak Lake reserve, thirteen members of the band are engaged in farming
operations. The members of this band do a lot of travelling around in the spring,
summer and fall seasons, and it is very difficult to get them to stick to their farming
operations. They were assisted quite materially last year by the department with seed,
but the crop was light in that district on the old lands that they had in crop, and the
agent intends to see that quite a large amount of their old lands are summer-fallowed,
as it is almost impossible to expect a crop by continuing to put in grain on these old
fields. The members of these bands raised quite a lot of Indian corn and had in both
reserves about 240 bushels. This corn is mostly sold to the seedsmen for general sale
to the public for seed. On account of the orders given by the department last season,
to see that every available acre was put in, almost all their acreage was in crop last
year, and in consequence there was no land whatever summer-fallowed on the Oak Lake
reserve. Fortunately, on the Oak River reserve there was about 600 acres summer-
fallowed, which will be ready for wheat this spring.
The health of the bands has been good during .the year, there having been no
serious epidemic of any kind. A large number of the children of the Indians of this
agency are put in the boarding and industrial schools, and Mr. James McDonald, the
agent, informs me that when the male pupils are discharged, they take more interest
in farming and he is sure the result of their education will have a good effect on the
future of the reserves that he has in charge. There is a lady now living on the Oak
River reserve who has the special duty intrusted to her by the department of visiting
the Indian houses and instructing the women about the various duties of house-
keeping and teaching them to keep their homes clean, and with a good result, as quite
a number of the Indians on this reserve now have things very tidy around their pre-
mises. The agent's reports sent in from this agency, every month, are always enter-
taining and contain a lot of useful information regarding the reserves.
BIRTLE AGENCY.
This agency comprises the following reserves: Waywayseecappo's, 25 miles north
of Birtle; Gambler's, 5 miles southwest of Binscarth; Keeseekoowenin, 10 miles
north of Strathclair; Rolling River, 8 miles north of Basswood; and the Bird Tail
Sioux, 14 miles southwest of the town of Birtle. All these towns are on the Cana-
dian Pacific railway, northwestern line.
liEl'Oins OF ISDIAX AGESTS 49
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
I visited most of the reserves in this ag:ency with the agent during treaty pay-
ments of last May, and found that all the Indians had made a very fair living during
the year. Most of the Indians in this agency are engaged in farming. The crop
during the season of 1915 was just a fair one. It will be necessary for these Indians
in the not distant future to break up some new land, as a great many of the old fields
are at the present time very weedy and require to be summer-fallowed, badly. They
have quite a lot of cattle on the greater number of the reserves, and have put up a
large quantity of hay. These Indians do some hunting during the early spring and
late fall, but dep>cnd upon this for a very small portion of their living, as white
settlers surround these reserves, and it makes the prospect of their earning nuieh
from this source more difficult every year. The potato crop was poor in this agency,
just the same as all over the province of Manitoba.
The general health of the Indians has been good and will compare quite favoui'-
ably with that of the white settlers who adjoin the reserves. The hospital for the
reserves, and boarding school, at the town of Birtle were visited during the year, and
the doctor in charge informed me that everything was going as well as he could desire
and very few patients from the reserves were in residence during the year.
THE PAS AGENCY.
I visited all the reserves in this agency during the month of July, and found that
everything was just about in the same condition as the year before with the exception
of the Pas reserve. Nearly all the reserves in the agency are practically at a stand-
still, showing very little improvement this year over the last one. The members of
the Pas reserve, on account of the ease with which they can get lumber and with their
own saw-mill, do quite a lot of improvement and one can always see some buildings
erected between visits. I have been through the Pas reserve several times during the
year, but inspected the other five reserves only during treaty payments. All the
Indians in this agency do a large amount of hunting for fur, and, prices being good
during this past season, a large part of their income has been derived from that
source. They also can get a lot of fish in the lakes and rivers adjacent to their
reserves, and we never hear in that district of any shortage in the food-supply for the
Indians.
The Chemawawin reserve is situated on Cedar lake, where the Saskatchewan river
.:ers that water and is about 100 miles southeast of the Pas town. The Indians of
this band depend upon hunting and fishing for a living, and the progress of the band
is slow. At the time of ray visit in July, the potatoes were just nicely up and looked
well.
The Moose Lake band is situated on Moose lake about 75 miles east by north from
the Pas, and the Indians of this band are engaged in hunting for most of the year,
and always manage to make a very fair living. The potato gardens were good as usual
on this reserve. These Indians take great pleasure in having us go around and sc?
their gardens. A tract of 320 acres of hay-land has recently been given to them, an 1
they are going to make an effort to go more into the keeping of stock and
have more cattle on their reserve. The Hudson Bay railway will make the access to
this reserve easier in the future, as it is distant from the reserve about 20 miles, and,
when it is in operation, there will be no difficulty in getting into or out of tliat
reserve at any season of the year, and, when the railway is in operation, I have no
doubt the Indians will earn a lot of money by catching fish for sale. At the present
time the fish in their lakes are so far away from market that they are practically of
no value outside of what the Indians use for their food-supply.
The Shoal Lake reserve in this agency is situated on the Carrot river about 100
miles west of the Pas, in the province of Saskatc^hewan. These Indians have quite a
number of cattle and horses on their reserve, the cattle number GO and the horses 15,
27— ii— 4
50 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAy AFFAIRfi
7 G.-.ORGE V, A. 1917
but they depend almost altogether upon their hunting and trapping for a living. They
get a great deal of moose meat during the year and are never short of provisions in
this part of the country. They also had at the time of my visit some very nice gardens
of potatoes and usually grow enough for their own supply.
The Red Earth reserve is also situated on the Carrot river, about 15 miles up the
river from the Shoal Lake Indians. These Indians also live in much the same way as
those on the other reserves, by hunting, trapping and shooting game. x\s well, they
have a large number of cattle and horses, 108 head of cattle and 36 horses. They have
quite a lot of hay-land and put up a lot of hay every year for food for their stock. The
soil on this reserve is of a very fine quality and they have every year the best potatoes
in the agency. As a rule, every year, the first potatoes we get wull be from this reserve,
and they are all of good quality. For several years these Indians have taken down to
The Pas, in the spring of the year, a quantity of potatoes to sell, being the surplus they
carry over from the winter. The Carrot river is now open from the Pas town to the
reserve lately granted this band by the department. The first time that I ever went
direct from The Pas to the Red Earth reserve by water, without portaging, was during
the past year. We were able to take the boat right through and land at the reserve.
The Cumberland reserve is situated on Cumberland lake about 100 miles northwest
of The Pas, by river. The members of this band make their living by hunting and
fishing. A number of the band live about 30 miles from the main reserve on a small
reserve lately granted this band by the department. At the date of my last visit to The
Pas, prospectors had just come in from the district north of Cumberland about 50
miles, with reports of the discovery of the richest gold mines in Canada. If these
reports prove correct, there will be a great influx into that district, and, as it is a water
route, the Indians will be able to earn plenty of money in taking the prospectors in
during the open season.
The health of the Indians, as a whole, in the agency, has been very good during
the year. There was an epidemic of typhoid fever on The Pas reserve, but no deaths
from this cause, all the Indians having recovered.
GENERAL REMARKS.
The agent, Mr. W. R. Taylor, has given close supervision to all the bands in his
agency, during the past year, and has everything in the agency office in very good order.
He visits the various bands two or three times a year, and his monthly reports are
always of very great interest. The cattle in this agency have increased about 60
during the year, and the Indians have about the same number of horses as on the date
of my last report.
The past winter was a very severe one in the north country, though there was not
as much snow as we have had in the southern parts of Manitoba. The Saskatchewan
river was very high during July and August of last year, which caused flooding of a
great deal of hay-land through the agency, and all the bands had considerable trouble
in getting hay ; but from all the repbrts of the agent, they have been able to feed their
cattle, although some members of The Pas band had to buy hay to bring their cattle
through the winter.
REPORT OF JOHN R. BUNN, INSPECTOR FOR LAKE WINNIPEG
INSPECTORATE, MANITOBA.
The office of this inspectorate is located in the city of Winnipeg; its territory
embraces the agencies of Clandeboye, Fisher River and Norway House.
Clandeboye agency has the agency office and head-quarters located in the town of
Selkirk. The reserves included in this agency are all located on the eastern shore of
HE PORTS OF IXniAy AGEXT.^ 51
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Lake Winnipeg; they extend in a northerly direction about 100 miles from the agency
office at Selkirk. There is also within the boundaries of this agencj', a small portion
of the surrendered reserve of St. Peter's, appro.ximating 3,000 acres, that is held by
special arrangement for the benefit of the people of St. Peter's band. The reserves
on Lake Winnipeg are severally located as follow at the outflow into Lake Winnipeg,
of the following streams: Brokenhead reserve, on Brokenhead river; Fort Alexander
reserve, on Winnipeg river; Black River reserve, on Little Black river; Hollowwater
reserve, on Winnipegan river; and Loon Creek reserve, on Loon creek. The territory
of this agency lies wholly within the boundaries of the province of Manitoba.
Fisher River agency has the agency office and head-quarters on the Peguis reserve.
On the agency site located on the Peguis reserve, and set aside by resolution of the
band, for agency purposes, in 1913, there have been erected suitable buildings for a
well equipped and well established agency, with ample accommodation for good service.
During the past year a good well has been sunk for the use of the agency., and a plenti-
ful supply of good water has been obtained. The territory of this agency is large,
extending from Dog Head on Lake Winnipeg, northerly, along the whole eastern ?nd
part of the western shores of this lake, and reaching inland from the mouth of the
Berens river, so as to include reserves at Little Grand Rapids, Deer Lake and
Pikangikum, a distance inland of 300 miles approximately, in an easterly direction.
Peguis reserve is located up the Fisher river, this stream runs through this reserve,
from one end to the other. All the territory of this agency lies within the province
of Manitoba with the exception of Deer Lake and Pikangikum, which are in Xew
Ontario.
Norway House agency has the agency house, office and head-quarters established
on the Indian reserve at Xorway House, closely adjacent to the Methodist mission at
Rossville. The area, within the limits of this agency, is very large, and extends north
and northeasterly from the north end of Lake Winnipeg. Lying along the Nelson
river are located Xorway House and Split Lake reserves; in a westerly direction from
Split Lake, up the Burntwood river, is Xelson House reserve, on Footprint lake; to
the east on Oxford Lake is Oxford House; further east and south on God's lake is
God's Lake reserve; and further south on Island lake is Island Lake reserve. All the
territory of this agency lies within the province of Manitoba.
The Indians of the inspectorate are located by bands, in the following agencies: —
Clandeboye Agenc\ 5 bands, F. W. R. Colcleugh, Agent.
Fisher River Agency 10 " Thos H. Carter, Agent.
Xorway House Agency. ... 7 " Joseph Jones, Agent.
Total . 22 ••
The aggregate population continues to show some increase, and is verj- much
scattered over the area embraced within the limits of the Lake Winnipeg inspectorate.
The mode of travel, in part of the western portion of Xorway House agency, will
soon undergo some change, by the advent and completion of the Hudson Bay railway;
this will, in a measure, reduce the hardship and danger of travel, and the expense of
transportation, in this part of the inspectorate. As the mode of travel to reach the
other parts of the inspectorate remains the same as formerly, it is expensive and
dangerous, and is always oi)crated with care, for safety and economy.
During the season of 1915, from June 4 to June 12, I was engaged in making the
annuity payments for Agent Colcleugh, of Clandeboye agency, who was confined to
his home by a serious illness. I paid all the Indians at Brokenhead, Fort Alexander,
Black River and Hollowwater reserves, and returned to my office at Winnipeg on
June 12, and completed and sent in reports on this work. On June l^^, I went with
Agent Carter, of Fisher River agency, and accompanied him to all the payments on
27— ii— 4J
52 DEPARTAIEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
the reserves at Bloodvein, Jaekhead, Bereus Eiver, Poplar Eiver, Grand Kapids,
Little Grand Rapids and Deer Lake. After witnessing all the payments at the points
mentioned, and visiting on the several reserves, I returned to my office at Winnipeg,
and completed and sent all my reports on this work. On July 26, I left Winnipeg to
join the late agent, J. G. Stewart, of Norway House, and then accompanied
him and witnessed all the payments at Cross Lake, Split Lake and Nelson House, I
also inspected these reserves. The whole treaty party returned to Cross Lake; here
I parted with the agent; he went to Oxford House, God's Lake and Island Lake,
accompanied by the doctor, and completed the payments at these points, and returned
to Norway House on September 4. I visited and inspected the new boarding school
building that was in course of erection at Cross Lake under the auspices of the Roman
Catholic Church, also the day school under the auspices of the Methodist Church. I
then returned to Norway House and inspected the boarding school operated under the
auspices of the Methodist Church there, also the several day schools under Methodist
and Anglican auspices there. I also made a thorough inspection of the hospital for
Indians at Norway House. I remained at Norway House until Agent Stewart
returned, and under instructions of the department I assisted him to complete his
work. When this was all finished, I returned to Winnipeg, and was in my office on
September 20. As soon as convenient, from time to time, I completed reports and
sent them in, covering the matters that I had observed and inspected in this journey.
The journeys I have described afforded me ample opportunity^ to meet a large
majority of the people, at the several points I visited, in the three agencies of Clan-
deboye, Fisher River and Norway House to talk ^vith them about their mode of living
and habits of life, and to inquire about their means of making a livelihood, to see a
number of their homes and gardens, to note the condition of the resources of the
reserves, and to suggest to them the wishes of the department as to how they could
improve their conditions, and in this way become better trained to rely on their own
exertions and to utilize their energy and resources to better advantage for their
comfort and health. I was also able to observe the relations of the officers and
wards of the department; I am pleased to bear witness to the feeling of confidence that
exists in this work, and to testify that the business to be done in this work was handled
in a satisfactory manner by the several agents, and to the satisfaction of the Indians
generally. This convinced me that the agents were well fitted to discharge their duties
in a capable manner as the official representatives of the department, and in this way
to place the department in a satisfactory position with its wards, the Indians.
CL.'LNDEBOYE AGENCY.
The Indians of this agency are members of the great Ojibway tribe principally,
although some Swampy Cree have been introduced by admission and intermarriage;
the language spoken is Ojibway, sometimes designated Saulteaux. Swampy Cree is
quite commonly used; many of the people speak English fluently.
During the past year, the health conditions of these people have been fair and
satisfactory, epidemics have not been prevalent in any general way; locally there have
been some outbreaks of grippe, at varying periods, during the past Avinter, also some
whooping cough appeared in one or two localities, limited, however, to only a few cases.
We have had the usual troubles from tuberculosis and swollen glands, but not in any
particularly excessive degree, as compared with other years. The provision of medical
supplies furnished by the department to the several dispensers throughout the agency
have been used with good effect in relieving the sick. Dr. J. R. Steep is the medical
officer of this agency. His own health, for a time, was not robust ; for the time he was
unable to travel, but he furnished a good substitute. The doctor visits all points in
the agency periodically, and he gives prompt and ready attention to all calls.
h'FI'ORTs OF IXDIAX AGEXTS 53
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
The hospital, established for many years, at Dynevor, under the auspices of the
Women's Auxiliary of the Church of England, in the old reserve at St. Peter's is an
institution utilized and operated entirely for the benefit of Indians. The management,
during the past year, have added a new wing to the hospital building. This will add
twelve beds to the capacity of the institution, when completed. It is a wooden frame
building, on a concrete foundation ; it is well plastered, and substantial in finish. This
new addition will be used for tubercular patients, principally. It is fitted out and
planned and equipped to provide the latest and most up-to-date treatment for such
cases. The management have also installed a steam-heating plant, which adds to the
comfort of the institution greatly. During the coming season, this work will be fully
completed. When this is done, the Dynevor hospital should be a very useful institu-
tion, ready to meet and provide good service. The management have become well
acquainted with the peculiar needs of this work, so that efficient and practical assistance
is afforded to many who are sick and suffering from disease, and to many aged, infirm
and destitute people — men, women and children — who, on account of their misfortune
and condition, require the care and treatment they receive in this institution. The
department grants very generous assistance to this work, and I am able to bear testi-
mony to the fact that this institution affords most valuable relief and cafe to many
Indians in a most practical manner.
The movement of Indians from St. Peter's to the new reserve at Pegu is, located
on the Fisher river, has been going on steadily, but not rapidly, during the past year.
The Indians have been fully advised, with reference to this matter, of the wishes of
the department, and that it would mean quite a serious loss to them, if they should by
delay fail to get the full advantage of the assistance promised, on certain conditions,
for building and transportation, when they took residence in the new reserve.
The old and destitute people, widows and orphans, have always received prompt
attention from the agent. The supplies furnished by the department for this service
have been faithfully and well handled, to the best advantage for those deserving such
assistance.
The past winter has been one of the most, if not the most, severe and trying winter
seasons experienced in this country. From the beginning, in early November, up to
the middle of March, with a very little exception, the temperature has been uniformly
low, almost all the time. This has been accompanied by the heaviest snow-fall ever
recorded by the government meteorological observatory since its establishment
here some time in 1871. These conditions have contributed to make living very
strenuous. The potato crops and garden operations, on account of an unfavourable
season, were somewhat of a failure. However, under the trying conditions the Indians
have been able to make a fair living; game, rabbits and fish were fairly plentiful. The
proceeds of their fur hunting operations have been very much better, owing to the
improved condition of the raw fur market prices.
- FISIIKR RIVER AGKNCV.
The Indians of this agency are members of the groat Ojibwiiy tribe and fho
Swampy Cree tribe, in the proportion of about two-thirds Ojibway and one-third
Swampy Cree. The languages spoken are Ojibway or Saulteaiix and Swampy Cree.
^Fany of the Indions speak English fluently.
The health conditions of the people of this agency for the past year, on the
whole, have been fair. Up to the end of October last there was nothing to occaeion
any special mention; since then, there has been an outbreak oi grippe pn^^sing .nmnng
the people. This trouble has been more or less serious with young children and the
old people; there have been a few deaths, but in proportion to the number affectod.
the death-roll cannot be specially marked as serious. Reports received from those
reserves located at points long distant inland, have been favourable; the sources of
54 DEPARTMENT OF ISDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
information have been reliable. The medical dispensers have been well supplied with
medicines, which they have used diligently with success. The travelling nurse who
worked in and throughout the agency last summer and early spring, did good work.
She was very industrious in caring for the sick, and in her endeavours to instruct
the people in sanitation and cleanliness, by visiting their homes and speaking to them
plainly about these important matters. Dr. Palsson accompanied the treaty party.
He reported the health of the Indians as satisfactory. The Indians of this agency,
notwithstanding the very severe winter, have had a fairly successful hunting season.
The prices of furs, for this season, have advanced, so that the revenue from this
source was improved, and has proved to be a boon to the hunters and their families.
Fish, game and rabbits have abounded, so there was a fair food supply from these.
Owing to an unfavourable season, which was quite general, many of the Indian
gardens did not result well. This was discouraging as well as unfortunate. No
cases of severe destitution have been reported; there have been some hardships, but
for such a severe winter they were comparatively light.
NORWAY HOUSE AGENCY.
The Indians of this agency are members of the Swampy Cree tribe. There is a
f-mall proportion of Ojibway. The language spoken is principally Swampy Cree. A
number of the Indians understand and speak English well.
From month to month during the past year I have received reports of the health
conditions of the Indians of this agency. On the whole, these have been quite satis-
factory. Dr. II. C. Norquay is the medical officer of this agency. lie looks after
this side of the work. He has associated with him a trained nurse. The hospital at
Norway House has been in operation for some time, it is a good institution, well
equipped, now well officered, and well supplied with all that goes to make it splendidly
efficient to do good work. Dr. Norquay here treats many of the sick. He is ably
seconded in this good work by the nurse, Mrs. Dent, a fine woman, well fitted by
training and temperament to be most efficient in her duty. This organization, the
institution and the staff, as now made up, meets the needs of the sick and suffering
in this district and surrounding country in a satisfactory way. The appointment of
field matrons at Cross Lake, Split Lake and Nelson House is another move for the
benefit of the Indians that the department has sanctioned. Those who have been
appointed are good women, who have for some years been accustomed to this work.
The position is now more definitely organized, and will be of benefit to the Indians.
Dr. Norquay accompanied the treaty party through the whole trip for the season of
1915. He reported that he found the health conditions of the Indians located on
inland reserves generally satisfactory.
It would appear, from the reports that I have received from the more remote
parts of this far distant district, that the Indians have been able to pass a fairly
good winter, notwithstanding the undue severity of the conditions that have pre-
vailed this winter throughout the district. Fur hunting has been quite successful,
the fur-bearing animals have been quite plentiful, the prices that have obtained for
their fur catch have ruled much higher than during the winter of 1914-1915. These
enhanced prices have increased the incomes of the hunters, so that they have been
able to make better provision for themselves and their families. Fish, rabbits and
game have also been plentiful, so that this source of food supply Ijas been good. No
cases of severe destitution were reported. So far as I have been able to learn, the
sui)plies furnished by the department for destitute calls have been available in a
provident manner.
The building and partial operation of the Hudson's Bay railway has been of
3ome benefit to the people who live near this great work; it has afforded some employ-
nKPORTs or IMilAy AGEXTS 55
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
meat to a number of them. It has also been a factor in reducing the cost of supplies
that these people purchase. It has also given a better market for their furs
indirectly, as the buyers can get in more easily. So far. therefore, the advent of this
work has helped the Indians in a material way. The moral effect has not become
apparent so far.
niDSON BAY .VGKNCY.
Located in this agency there are two reserves, York Factory and Churchill;
both lie along the west shore of Hudson bay.
At the time of writing, no regular agent has been appointed to look after this
Work. The supervision of the work is under the Royal Northwest Mounted Police.
The report of the work submitted liy them will no doubt give full details covering
all conditions in this district.
The Indians live exclusively by hunting and fishing, and they live under condi-
tions that are not cai:>able of much development.
Xo adverse reports of the health conditions of these people have been received.
The people of York Factory belong principally to the Swampy Gree tribe; the
people of Churchill are of the Chipewyan tribe.
GENERAL REMARKS.
I have not much to add under this head, as I haVe endeavoured to cover under the
.-everal heads all the information I could. I might, however, make the statement that
the traffic in intoxicants with Indians has been the most prolific sources of any difiiculties
that arise in dealing with the problem of caring for the Indians. The wave of prohibit-
ory action that seems to be now general throughout the country, will no doubt have a
timely effect in the control of this traffic. The officers who have to deal with this mat-
ter have been active and energetic in following up and punishing any infractions of
the regulations governing this traffic.
I have to report that a number of the Indians have enlisted under the colours, and
have taken their places in the ranks for active service. Some are now on the firing
line, and some on the way there, and more are training. This action is altogether
voluntary, and is the outcome of the desire on the part of the Indians to defend their
Kirg and country; the spirit of loyalty is commendable.
The Indians have expressed appreciation of the treatment accorded to them by
the department in the very apparent determination to keep faith with them, and a
readiness to redeem all promises made in treaty, and to care for, protect, and watch
over them.
REPORT OF THOS. WM. HARRIS, IXDIAX AGENT FOR FORT SIMPSON
AGENCY, NORTHWEST TERRITORIES.
Health and Sanitation. — The general health has been good during the past year,
and no epidemics have been prevalent. There have been eight deaths, of which three
were caused by consumption, two by pneumonia, two by tumour and one by softening
of the brain. The Indians who live in tents are careful to keep their tents clean, and
to change place, when necessary, but those who have houses leave much to be desired
in the way of sanitation.
Occupations. — All the Indians of this agency are hunters and trappers. The fall
in the prices of all kinds of fur, consequent upon the European war, has greatly
diminished their revenue, for the past two years. Moose seem to be getting scarce
throughout the country, and rabbits have almost entirely disappeared. The fishing is
poor, and in winter no fish can be caught in the small lakes within the section of coun-
56 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
try frequented by the Indians of this place. The Indians are ^villing to work at any-
thing, when they can find anyone to employ them, but the demand for labour is small.
Those who have houses have usually a small plot of land on which they raise a few
potatoes; but, as they leave their houses in the winter to hunt, the potatoes freeze, and
they are obliged to apply for seed each spring. The land along the banks of the Mac-
kenzie river, is well adapted for the growth of potatoes and other vegetables, and the
long hours of sunlight in summer hasten maturity.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — The Indians do not possess any machinery
of any kind, except an occasional spade; nor do they require any at present, their farm-
ing operations being few and simple.
Buildings. — Xearly all the well-to-do Indians have small houses or shacks, in which
they spend a portion of the winter. These shacks are built of logs, roofed with poles,
covered with mud, or in sonse cases, pine bark, and form a good protection against the
severity of the Northern winter. In summer they all live in tents, and move from
place to place, as the exigencies of their search for food demand.
Characteristics and Progress.— A want of initiative and of energy seems to be the
most noticeable characteristic of these people. When engaged to work by others, they
give satisfaction; but they are very lazy in performing their every day duties, when
left to themselves. They are law-abiding and amenable to reason, and have a great
respect for the uniform of the Eoyal Northwest Mounted Police. They have, unfor-
tunately, certain old superstitions, which have a tendency to retard their progress ; but
these will be eradicated in time, as has been the case with the Indians of the prairies.
As hunters, the young men now growing up do not seem to compare favourably with
their fathers; but this may be due, at least in part, to the fact that game is becoming
scarcer.
Temperance and Morality. — There is no intoxication among the Indians of this
place. In former times, they made a kind of beer, but this habit has been entirely
discontinued, as far as can be learned, since the advent of a detachment of police.
Their morals are improving, and the former practice of changing wives is now un-
known. For a number of years, these people have been strietlv monogamous. While
given to exaggeration, they are not fundamentally untruthful, and cases of theft are
rare. There appears to be no reason why the Indians of this agency should not become
as self-supporting and independent as those in other parts of Canada.
REPORT OF GERALD CARD. INDIAN AGENT FOR FORT SMITH AGENCY,
NORTHWEST TERRITORIES.
Bands. — The following bands are included in this agency: Chipewyan, Fond du
Lac (Lake Athabaska), Fort Chipewyan, Fort Fitzgerald, Fort Smith, and Great Slave
Lake; Cree, Fort McMurray and Fort Chipewj^an; Slave, Hay River and Great
Slave Lake; Dogrib, Great Slave Lake; Yellowknife, Great Slave Lake.
Occupations. — Practically all the Indians in this agency live by hunting, trapping
and fishing. The fishing is either for the Indian's maintenance or for the company
for whom he is working. No fish are sold, as nobody ever catches enough. So far,
the fur trade has been the only industry in this agency.
Stock. — Apart from a few Indians at Fort Smith, and at Fort Fitzgerald, the
Indians in this agency own no stock, except dogs. At the above places there are a
few horses.
As there is abundant grazing in the country west of Fort Smith, and transporta-
tion facilities are becoming improved, the Indians are beginning to ask for the stock
that, they say, was promised them, when they made treaty with the Government.
Farm Implements. — As in the case of stock, only a few Indians at Fort Smith
and Fort Fitzgerald own any farm implements. At these places a few own wagons.
REPORTS OF IXDIAX ACEyTS 57
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Buildings. — The majority of the Indians live in log houses. These are fairly-
warm in winter, and, in my opinion, are not unhealtliy where they have fireplaces.
Few new buildings have been erected during the year, as no lumber or shingles could
be bought.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians during the past year has
been fairly good. There has been the usual amount of sickness when they con-
gregate at treaty-time, and at the New Year, but no more than formerly. No epidemic
has been reported. The establishing of a hospital at Fort Smith, under the mana-
gement of the Sisters of Charity, has supplied a long felt need, which, owing to the
size of the district served, and the many infirmities of the various bands, is capable
of considerable expansion. Two large tents, recently purchased by the department,
will be used at this institution this spring for the treatment of consumptive patients.
As in former years. Dr. ilcDonald, medical officer for the department, conducts,
both in winter and summer, an extensive itinerary from Fort Smith. The placing
of a physician at this place, together \\ith the establishing of the above hospital, has
been a great boon, not only to the Indians, but also to the half-breeds and the white
residents.
Very little improvement can be reported on the subject of sanitation; but as the
various bands are nomadic in their mode of living, conditions are not so unsanitary
as might be expected.
Temperance and ^lorality. — The Indians on the whole are temperate. No trouble
has been caused during the past year by the attempted sale of intoxicants. As every-
body is away from the Indians, there is, as far as this agency is concerned, no
difficulty in the way of enforcing the law.
"^ith regard to morality, the patient teaching of the missionaries, together with
the correct example that they set the Indians, is year by year having a visible in-
fluence; were there no counteracting force at work, progress would be much more
noticeable.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians in this agency are law-abiding,
gentle and timid; but are not progressive. Destitution and starvation are always
very near. Fur may be high or low in price, but the Indian is always poor; he
believes in an over-ruling providence who will always provide him with moose, and he
believes in a paternal government. The arrival of the railway at Fort McMurray,
this spring, will bring civilization, so called, very near; conditions will change; but
what changing conditions will do to change Indian character remains to be seen.
EFFORT OF HENRY A. CONROY, CONCERNING FORT SIMPSON AND
FORT S^riTII AGENCIES, NORTHWEST TERRITORIES
FORT SMITH AGENCY.
Owing to the resignation of Mr. A. J. Bell in February, 1915, Dr. A. McDonald
at Fort Smith was instructed to act as Indian agent until the arrival of Mr. G. Card
in June, who had been appointed as Indian agent.
Buildings. — The buildings at the headquarters of this agency comprise agent's
house, office, warehouse, stable and shed; and this year a house for the agency inter-
preter was completed.
A piece of ground about 1 acre in extent is cultivated as a garden, with good
results, although the soil is light and sandy. Good fences are in evidence and the
general appearance of the grounds is very neat and tidy. A well has recently been
completed, which provides sufficient water for the requirements of the agency head-
quarters. ,
Experimental Farm. — ^fr. R. Salmon, who occupied the position of clerk during
the time when Mr. Bell was agent, also took an active interest in the experimental
58 DEPARTMEXT OF INDIAN' AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
farm, whicli is distant from Fort Smith about 12 miles. He has, however, enlisted for
overseas service with an Edmonton battalion, and, in consequence, at the present
time, there is no one filling his place.
I am of the opinion that it would be in the interest of the Department of Agri-
culture to take over the administration of the experimental farm at this point, as has
been done at Fort Vermilion. It is too far distant from the agency headquarters to
be well looked after, and, if results are to be achieved from its operation, it would seem
desirable to have a farmer resident thereon.
Saw-mill. — Since last year the sawnmill building has suffered some considerable
damage due to the collapse of the roof, owing to the sinking' of the foundation. The
boiler is also showing a tendency to subside, as its situation was too close to a disused
well, and, in consequence of the gradual caving in of the surrounding soil, the natural
support is giving way.
It will be necessary to have the roof repaired so that the machinery will not be
exposed to the weather, and the boiler v/ill have to be shifted. I would suggest that
when this work is to be performed, a new disposition of the mill machinery be made,
so that logs can be handled more expeditiously than heretofore. Previously logs had
to be hauled out on shore and drawn to the loading gangway by means of teams; but,
under the proposed plan of constructing the main building, so that delivery of logs can
be made direct from the river into the mill, by bull wheel and cable, it would seem to
be a good opportunity to arrange for this during the reconstruction that has become
necessary by reason of present damage and defects.
The staff of the agency consists of agent, clerk, and interpreter.
FORT SIMPSON AGENCY.
The present agency buildings consist of the agent's house and the bam or stable.
The buildings are situated on land leased from the Hudson's Bay Company ; but I would
suggest that the necessary steps be taken to have a transfer made of lots Nos. 16, 18,
20. 22 and 24, comprising in all 115 acres, approximately, from the Interior Depart-
ment to comprise an agency reserve. This would provide ample ground for farm and
agency purposes.
The saw-mill has been in operation for some considerable time, and, besides
filling the loCal want for lumber, it is also engaged in supplying lumber for Provi-
dence and Hay River settlements.
The farm work, which is now under the actual charge of the agent, Mr. T. W.
Harris, is productive of very good results. The late farm instructor, Mr. Dinnies von
der Osten, at one time lieutenant in the 74th Hussars, German army," left the scene
of his duties in the winter of 1914, in order to rejoin the German army. In spite of
obstacles placed in his way by the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, it is understood
that he has made his way to Germany. The vacancy created by his departure has not
since been filled, and, in view of the very creditable manner in which Agent Harris
is discharging his duties, without conflicting with his regular agency work, I am of
the opinion that a farm instructor at Fort Simpson is not a necessity.
In lieu of appointing a farm instructor to supervise the farming experiment at
Simpson, I would suggest that Agent Harris be authorized to hire temporary local
assistance as occasion demands.
The staff consists at the present time of agent, engineer, and interpreter.
REPORT OF THOS. E. DONNELLY, INDIAN AGENT FOR ASSINIBOINE
AGENCY, SASKATCHEWAN.
Bands. — The Assiniboine reserve is occupied by members of Carry-the-kettle's
band, while the Moosejaw Sioux, who are situated at some distance, are under the
supervision of this agency.
ni: PORTS OF lyniAX AdExrt^ 59
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Oc'oupations.- — ^The chief of tliese are faniiiiiii-, stocU-rai.sinj>- niarkotiiig hay,
pickets and fire-wood. The occupation of supplying fire-wood could be greatly
extended, since the amount of wood available is quite large. The wood that is sold is
soon replaced by rapid up-growth of poplar, willow, and birch. The revenue from this
source is always available, and one that some of tliese Indians could not afford to
do without.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — The majority of the Indians farming have a
good supply of implements, with the exception of young farmers, who are just starting
who borrow from the agency headquarters such machinery as they need, from time to
time. These people own and operate jointly a threshing-machine, under the super-
vision of the farm instructor. Some of the farmers house their implements carefully,
while others are very careless with their machinery, but in time when they realize the
difiiculty in purchasing these implements, they will doubtless take more care of them.
Buildings. — Each year there is a noticeable improvement in the buildings erected
by the Indians. A few have good frame houses, on stone or concrete foundation, with
vegetable cellars. A greater number have houses with log walls, and frame roofs
thoroughly plastered, whitened with lime. The old log cabin, with a sod or mud roof,
will soon be a thing of the past. The horse and cattle stables require improvement,
and subsequently better results will be obtained, when these stahles are made warmer,
and the animals will be better able to withstand a severe winter, such as we have just
gone through.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians has been fair. In June there
was an epidemic of scarlet fever and measles in combination, whicli attacked a number
of children. Fortunately only one death resulted therefrom. The births exceeded the
deaths during the year. The younger married women show improvement in the care
of their children, exposing them less than the older generation. Tuberculosis is pre-
sent in Indians in different forms, but, nevertheless, it is remarkable the number of
years this disease can be kept in check. A few young people have scrofulous glands,
which are being constantly treated by the medical attendant. This disease appears to
be gradually decreasing. The Indians are observing the ventilation of their houses,
with more precaution. Most of them keep their houses clean, by continuous scrub-
bing, and disinfecting at intervals. They whitewash their houses as a sanitary mea-
sure. These Indians are very particular, often more so than their white neighbours,
about having their yards thoroughly raked, and all refuse burned, as soon as the snow
disappears in the spring.
Characteristics and Progress. — The majority of these Indians are industrious, and
gradually year by year are improving their financial condition. The educated people
are making better progress, since they care for their earnings, and provide more for
future needs. I can notice a marked improvement along these lines, which no doubt
will continue to improve as time goes on.
Temperance and !^^orality. — These Indians are very tc-mperate. Their morals are
good.
MoosK.iAW Siorx.
These people are non-treaty Indians. Some live at Wood Mountain, others in the
city of Moosejaw, while others live in the various small towns between these two
places.
Occupations. — Many of these people work for farmers and ranchers. Others have
settled on a small reserve at Wood Mountain and are raising horses. A few spend a
portion of their time hunting.
Buildings. — They do not possess many buildings, but live mostly in tents.
Health and Sanitation. — They appear to be healthy, and do not require very much
medical attention.
k
gQ DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Temperance and Morality.— These people are temperate in their habits. The K.N.
W.M. Police stationed at Moosejaw and Wood Mountain keep a close watch over
them.. They inform me from time to time that they have no trouble with them.
Their morals are good.
KEPORT OF J A. ROWLAND, INDIAN AGENT EOR BATTLEFORD
AGENCY, SASKATCHEWAN.
Baods. — This agency comprises eleven bands, — ^Stony, Red Pheasant, Sweet Grass,
^oundmaker, Littlepine, Meadow Lake, Moosomin, Thunderchild, Jackfish Lake Saul-
teaux, Witchekan Lake, and Waterhen. The last three mentioned are not in treaty.
Tribes.— The members of the Red Pheasant, Sweet Grass, Poundmaker, Littlepine
and Meadow Lake are Crees. The Jackfish Lake and Witchekan Lake are Saulteaux
The Moosomin, Thunderchild and Waterhen are mostly Crees with a mixture of Saul-
teaux among them. The Stony bands belong to the Assiniboine or Stonies.
Health and Sanitation. — With the exception of colds, there have been no epi-
demics of any kind during the year. The general health of the Indians has been
excellent and the population of this agency has shown quite an increase. Due to better
conditions of living, tuberculosis is on the decrease. The houses are now kept much
cleaner and better ventilated, and those that were erected this year were built on more
sanitary lines. One thing that is specially noted is that the mortality among young
children has considerably decreased. Due to the efforts of the field matrons, the chil-
dren attending school are kept clean and well clothed. Altogether the progress shown
is very encouraging and shows good results for the efforts made.
Occupations. — All the bands in this agency, with the exception of the Saulteaux,
are engaged in farming. During the past year a larger acreage than ever has been
under crop, and splendid results were attained. The yield of grain was seven times
as high as the previous year, and the grain marketed mostly graded number one and
two. Owing to the dryness of the fall, little of the land was ploughed. Considerable
new land was broken during the year and summer-fallowing was more general than
heretofore. Many of the Indians are engaged in stock-raising. The other industries
are hunting and trapping, fishing, and selling hay, wood and willow pickets. Many
of them last autumn stacked their grain and went out threshing for the settlers, and
by this means succeeded in earning good sums of money.
Stock. — All the reserves in the agency are suited for stock-raising, with excellent
pasturage and an abundance of hay. The stock has shown a small increase during the
year and bas been well looked after. This in my opinion is the most important industry
engaged in by the Indians, and the one that will eventually place them in an indepen-
dent position. Stricter measures are being employed to prevent the unnecessary
slaughtering and sale of cattle.
Farm Implements. — With the exception of the Meadow Lake band the Indians of
this agency are well equipped with farming implements. They have been purchased
by themselves and are as a general rule kept in good condition. The Thunderchild
and Stony bands in particular have added to their stock of farm implements this past
year, and they are paying for them from the proceeds of their interest payments.
Buildings. — The majority of the buildings of this agency are of log construction
with shingled or thatch roofs. Those that have been erected in recent years are much
larger and better finished than the older ones. During the past year the Indians of the
Stony bands have awakened to the necessity of better houses, and there have been four
new ones built, which are a credit to their owners. Other members of these bands are
now engaged in getting material to build during the coming summer. Most of the
houses are supplied with comfortable furniture, which is being added to from time to
time.
HEPORTS OF IXDIAy AGENTS 61
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
(. liaracteristic-s ami Progress. — The Indians are for the most part quiet, Uiw-
abiding and patriotic. During the past year it was very gratifying to see the interest
the Indians have taken in the progress of the war. They have shown this in a practical
manner by subscribing over live hundred dollars to the Patriotic and other funds. They
have also shown more desire to get on. which is demonstrated by the increased acreage
farmed and the large increase in their crops. There is no excuse for any able-bodied
Indian to be in want, for those who are industrious live in as much comfort as their
white neighbours. Laziness is not encouraged and the thriftless ones are being shown
that they must rely on their own efforts instead of continually looking for assistance.
Temperance and Morality. — There have been very few cases of intemperance that
have come to my notice, and with few exceptions the Indians are temperate. Their
morality is. improving and in most cases they are remaining faithful to their wives. I
have discouraged them living together without a marriage ceremony, and during the
past year all the young people that have taken wives have been married by the church.
Although there is still much room for improvement, yet the results achieved in the past
year or more are very encouraging.
REPORT OF S. A. MILLIGAN, INDIAN AGENT FOR CARLTON AGENCY,
SASKATCHEWAN.
Bauds. — The following bands are included in this agency: William Twatt's, Pete-
quakey's, Mistawasis, Ahtahkakoop's, Kenemotayo, Pelican Lake, Montreal Lake, and
Wahpaton Sioux.
Health and Sanitation. — Generally speaking, the health of the Indians throughout
this agency has been good for the past year. As usual, there were a number of cases of
tuberculosis, bronchitis and pneumonia, and during December a rather severe outbreak
of grippe incapacitated a number of Indians for three or four weeks. The usual precau-
tions against small-pox and such contagious diseases were taken, with the result that
epidemics of this description were conspicuous by their absence.
Occupations. — The chief occupations of the Indians of this agency are farming,
stock-raising, freighting, hunting, fishing, and trapping. Some of the most intelligent
manage to make a comfortable living outside the boundaries of the agency, — for
instance, one is an accountant, three or four are excellent carpenters, and two are
holders of engineer's certificates.
Buildings. — The majority of the buildings inhabited by the Indians of this agency
are made of logs. They are, nevertheless, substantially built, and could without much
trouble be made quite healthy, and serviceable. It is rather the rule, however, than
the exception to find the interior of these buildings both dirty, and untidy. Naturally
one finds exceptions, but these are so few and far between that one is apt to overlook
the cases that come under this heading.
The bams and different outhouses built by the Indians are of the usual type, and
these, like their houses, are mostly made of logs, — as a matter of fact it is difficult
thing for one to make any comparison between the two.
Stock. — The stock industry shows an increase in both cattle and horses, and
the Indians owners deserve some credit in the matter of caring for their animals
during the past year, and especially through last winter, which was most severe.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — Individually the Indians of this agency are
splendidly equipped with all kinds of farming machinery necessary to carry on the
work. !Many have complete outfi.t3, large enough in numerous cases to operate success-
fully farms of two or three hundred acres. While some of our Indians are indifferent
in the matter of caring for their implements, the majority, I am pleased to say, take
good care of those in their possession.
62 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Characteristics and Progress. — Generally speaking, the Indians of this agency
are of law-abiding character.
Their progress, however, is slower than one would expect, considering the advant-
ages they have at their command.
Those engaged in regular occupations generally manage to give satisfaction, but
this cannot be said of those who only work spasmodically; invariably one finds that
the latter class practically includes all ex-pupils or rather a great proportion of them.
While it may appear a remarkable assertion, yet I have no hesitation in saying that
those pupils who receive assistance immediately after they leave school hardly, if ever,
make a success of farming until at least three or four years have passed.
What these young men need more than anything, is farming experience, and this
can only be acquired by labouring out with some person capable of instructing them.
After having received such a course of instruction, they would be in such a posi-
tion that the assistance usually given to ex-pupils by the department, if given then,
would be appreciated to the full, and infinitely better results would be obtained all
round.
Temperance and Morality. — There were no convictions of drunkenness during
the year, neither were there any rumours that drinking was being indulged in upon
the reserves. This, however, can be attril^uted to the fact that the liquor business
throughout this province is now absolutely under the control of the Provincial
Government.
With the exception of a few cases that are past redemption, the conduct and
morals of these Indians cannot be considered below the average.
REPORT OF E. TAYLOR, IXDIAX AGENT FOR CROOKED LAKE AGENCY,
SASKATCHEWAN.
Bands. — This agency comprises four bands known by the following names:
Cowessess, Kahkewistahaw, Ochapowace, and Sakimay and Little Bone.
Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the Indians has been fairly good
throughout the year. Tuberculosis or scrofula is the worst disease against which
many of these Indians have to contend. Quite a number are afflicted with eye trouble.
Sanitary regulations with some Indians, generally of the old type, are not well
observed; but, taking the Indian families as a whole, the cleanliness of their persons
and premises is deserving of praise.
Occupations. — Grain-growing and cattle-raising are the chief industries in this
agency. Many Indians sell fire-wood, pickets for fencing, hay., and senega-root, in
the neighbouring towns. The young and middle-aged men are taking to cultivation
of the soil and to the raising of cattle with more zeal than formerly. During the busy
seasons of the year under review, quite a number of the young men hired out to the
white settlers as farm-hands, and good reports of them in the majority of cases have
been heard.
Implements and Machinery. — The equipment in this line is very good. Fairly
good care is taken of it.
Dwellings. — Many good dwelling-houses with shingled roofs are to be seen upon
these reserves. The low log shack, with mudded walls and sod roofs, is in the majority;
but the tendency now when Indians are contemplating building is to build good
roomy dwellings with shingled roofs, and to plaster the walls with lime and sand,
instead of mud. Every encouragement is given to build good dwellings. .
Characteristics and Progress.— Lately many of these Indians are showing
desire to get on. The interest displayed by many in the cultivation of the soil, cattle-
raising, comfort of their homes, etc., etc., is very pleasing. The good crop harvested!
REPORTS OF IMU.[\ AOFyrS 63
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
and the money made therefrom by the farming: Indians was noticed by tlio;<e who
chiefly derive their livelihood from the sale of fire-wood and senega-root, and it is
( xpected that more will take to farmingr as their chief occupation.
Temperance and Morality. — Very few prosecutions for infractions of the Act in
respect to liquor have taken place. If liquor is brought upon those reserves, it is done
very quietly, as cause for suspicion of Indians drinking is not noticed by those who are
among them daily. As a whole the Indians here are temperate and law-abiding. As
regards their moralitj-, if it were not for the bad actions of three or four, the best of
reports upon the Indians' moral character could be given.
KEPORT OF CHAS. P. SCHMIDT, INDIAN AGEXT FOR DUCK LAKE
AGENCY, SASKATCEWAN.
Bands. — The following bands are included in this agency: Nut Lake, No. 90;
Kinistino, No. 91; One Arrow's, No. 95; Beardy's and Okemassis, Nos. 9G and 97;
John Smith's, No. 90; and James Smith's, No. 100.
Tribes. — The Nut Lake and Kinistino bands are Saulteaux; Beardy's and Oke-
massis are Plain Crees, and John Smith's and James Smith's are Swampy Crees.
Occupations. — On One Arrow's, Beardy's and Okemassis, John Smith's and James
Smith's farming and stock-raising are the chief occupations. These Indians also
derive considerable revenue from the sale of hay, wood, and fence posts, and by
freighting for traders in the North. Some of the older people hunt and trap, and dig
;iega-root. The younger women make gardens and are taking much interest in them.
During the past summer, the Indians of Beardy's and Okemassis bands put up 15
miles of fence. Duriiig the coming summer another 7 or 8 miles will be added thereto,
which, when completed will inclose all that portion of their reserve lying south of the
Carlton trail. The cost of this is paid out of the bands' funds.
The Indians of Nut Lake and Kinistino reserves depend mostly on trapping and
hunting for a living. They do a little farming, but are very unsteady at this work.
Like the other bslnds, they also dig senega-root, for which there is a steady demand,
but the price paid during the past summer was rather low. During the past winter
the Nut Lake Indians have taken out sufficient tamarac posts to fence in their reserve,
which they intend doing during the coming summer.
Stock. — All the bands of this agency have fair herds of fine grade cattle, of
which they take good care. Diiring the summer, sales were conducted on the different
reserves, when the surplus fat cattle were sold. Competition was keen, and the prices
realized were satisfactory. The Indians are being encoiiraged and advised to in-
crease their herds, which now show a slight increase. Many of the Indians own
horses, and though the tyiie they now raise is improving, due to the fact that they are
using better sires, it is not altogether a success, as it is almost impossible to stop them
from working the colts when they are only two years old. The Indian places very
little importance on the size or type of a horse, but on the number he possesses.
Farm ^lachinery and Implements. — The different bands have all the machinery
they require to work with. The four bands that farm the most have threshing-
machines of their own.
Buildings. — There is a general improvement in the class of houses now being
built by the Indians of this agency. The mud-roofed shanties are being done away
with, and good log houses, shingle roofed, with comfortable interiors, and large
windows are being built.
Health and Sanitation. — With a few exceptions, the health of the Indians has
been good. A few families are afflicted with scrofula, and there are a few cases of
tuberculosis. During the month of January last, a large number of the older people
were laid up with infiuenza, and five deaths were recorded among the old women.
Sanitary precautions are fairly well observed. Improvement in this line is marked
by the number of the women who keep their houses very neat and tidv
64 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this agency are law-abiding; they
are showing improvement and are progressive; they show a desire to get on, and are
taking more interest in their farming. Their stock is better attended to, and the
new buildings they erect are more substantial, and comfortable; the layouts of the
buildings, which in many cases are fenced in, show that interest is taken in the
making of the home.
A number milk cows, and make butter. Cream-separators are in use on the
different reserves.
Temperance and Morality. — A number of the Indians are addicted to the use
of intoxicants, but now that the sale of these is restricted, it is much more difficult
for them to procure. The standard of morality is .good, and unchanged.
On September 22 and 23 the James Smith's Reserve Agricultural Society held
their first annual fair on the Pahoonan Plains on the reserve. Several hundred
exhibits were shown. These consisted of horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, geese,
ducks, all kinds of field and garden produce, leather, silk and bead 'work, sewing,
knitting, crocheting, cooking, bread and bannock, pastry, jam and preserves, the old
stand-by food, pemican, etc., etc. The competitors were members of the society,
who are members of the band, and the exhibits, with the exception of horses, were
bona-fide property of the exhibitor, and either grown or made on the reserve.
The fair,- managed by a committee of ex-pupils, under the supervision of the
farm instructor, was a success. A large number of outsiders from the neighbouring
country towns and cities were out, and all went home having a difi^erent opinion of
an Indian reserve fair from that which they had before coming.
REPOPtT OF TITOS. CORY. INDIAX AGEXT FOR MOOSE MOUNTAIN
AGENCY, SASKATCHEW-AN.
Bands. — There is only one band in this agency, the White Bear amalgamated
band.
Occupations^ — Farming, stock-raising, trapping, and working out for white
farmers are the chief occupations.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — These Indians are well supplied with al\
kinds of farm machinery and implements, and take fairly good care of them.
Buildings. — There is a great improvement in the buildings erected during the
past year.
Health and Sanitation. — There has been a very heavy death-rate in the fiscal
year ending March 31, 1916, all due to tuberculosis in some form. Everything has
been done in the way of cleaning up around their houses and every effort has been
made to get the women to keep their houses clean.
Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are fairly industrious and are
''ertainly doing much better from a material point of view.
Temperance and Morality. — They are very temperate, and fairly moral.
REPORT OF CHARLES R. EAGLE, OVERSEER FOR MOOSE WOODS
RESERVE, SASKATCHEWAN.
Tribe. — Tbese Indians are all Dakotas.
Health and Sanitation. — These Indians have had no epidemic. Sanitation is
good.
Occupations. — Stock-raising, farming, hunting, and working for farmers con-
stitute their chief means of support.
JtEPORTS OF IXDIAX AflEyTS 65
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Buildings. — The Jndiaus of this band have comfortable log houses with shingled
roofs, and some good warm stables for their stoek. They keep their houses clean
and tidy.
Stock. — The cattle and horses wintered well and are well cared for.
Farm Implements. — The farm implements are sufficient for their rciiuirement.s.
Edueation. — There is a day school here, which is conducted bv the ^Icthodist
Church authorities. The attendance is very fair, and the progress passably good.
Characteristics and Progress.-^These Indians are industrious, and make a
■ ul living.
Temperance and .Morality. — They are very temperate and moral.
REPORT OF W. SIBBALD, INDIAN AGENT FOR ONION LAKE AGENCY,
SASKATCHEWAN.
Bands. — There are seven bands in this agency, known by the following names:
Onion Lake, Frog Lake, Keeheewin's, Island Lake (Ministikwan), Joseph Bighead's
(Lac des Isles), Loon Lake (Makwa Lake) and Chipewyan.
Occupations. — These, bands all belong to the Cree nation with the exception of
the one last mentioned, which, as the name denotes, belongs to the Chipewyan tribe.
The three bands first mentioned follow very closely the same mode of living, their
chief home industries being cattle-raising and farming; and, although they do not
compare in largeness of herds and quantity of grain raised with the bands of some
agencies, still it is gratifying to find that they are making some progress in botli lines.
During the past fiscal year the Indians of Keeheewin's band were able for the first
time to take their wheat to the mill to be gristed, yielding a supply of flour of which
they are very proud. The feeling of independence evinced by those who had been wise
enough to raise wheat and have their owai flour, has had a good effect upon others, and
we look for still further progress in this direction this year, if we are again fortunate
enough to reap so good a harvest The Onion Lake Indians have also been able to
get more flour than in any otlier year from wlieat of their own raising. The members
of the Frog Lake band have done but little farming yet, but have more land ready for
seed than they have ever had before. '
The cattle owned by these bands are some of the finest stock in the country, but
they are not increasing in number as we should like them to. These Indians also
derive a good portion of their income and substance from hunting, trapping and
fishing; and several of the younger men are readily employed by surveyors when they
visit this district. The other three Cree bands earn their living almost entirely by
hunting, trapping, and fishing; their reserves being well situated for these i^ursuits.
The Chipew^ans are noticeably different from the Cree Indians, and there is no
similarity between their languages. While many of the Chipewyans can speak Cree,
but very few, Indians or whites, other than the Chipewyans themselves, speak the
Chipewj'an language. They are in a mea.sure energetic, but at the same time stubborn,
especially in prosperity. It is only of recent years that they have undertaken farming;
they always have had some cattle which had become verj^ inbred, but are now building
up again owing to the introduction of purebred bulls by the department. These
Indians have always been great hunters, a pursuit they still follow very profitably.
The improvement in the price of furs this winter enabled some of them to be quite
independent. Last year and the year before they cut a number of sawlogs, some of
which were sawii into lumber last spring, and the work was commenced again in the
last days of February this year, and will be continued until seeding-time.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — The bands have farm machinery and imple-
ments sufficient for their present requirements.
27— ii— 5
66 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS .
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Buildings. — The Chipewyan, Keeheewin's and Frog Lake bands liave mostly good
log dwelling-houses with shingled roofs; there being three frame houses on these
reserves. At Onion Lake there are several good log houses with shingled roofs, but
the majority of the dwellings on that reserve are but shacks. At Island Lake, Loon
Lake and Joseph Bighead's the buildings are chiefly pole and sod shacks.
Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the bands throughout the year has
been fairly good. On the Chipewyan reserve throughout the winter there was a trouble-
some epidemic of typhoid fever; and to a lesser extent on Frog Lake reserve also.
The deaths attributable to the disease were four only. Proper medical attention was
supplied and the houses disinfected to prevent the further spread of the epidemic.
The annual precaution of cleaning up around the houses in the spring is always done.
Characteristics and Progress. — The working bands are becoming more industrious,
especially in regard to farming, and, as for the hunting Indians, they are most indiis-
trious in their particular pursuit. The bands are all law-abiding, anJ, whenever
offences are oonniiitted, the cause is generally due to outside influence. In general
circumstances they are better off now than they were a year ago.
Temperance and Morality. — With regard to the use of intoxicants, there are not
many who w'ill not take liquor if it is put in their way ; but it cannot be said that any
of them are habitual drinkers.
In some respects their morals are loose; but as regards Jionesty the majority of
them are very scrupulous.
Surveys. — The two Cree bands known as Joseph Bighead's (Lac des Isles) and
Loon Lake (Makwa) have each had a reserve surveyed for them during the past fiscal
year.
REPOET OF ^[. CHRISTIANSON, INDIAN AGENT FOR PELLY AGENCY,
SASKATCHEWAN.
Bands. — This agency comprises the following bands: Cote, Key, Keeseekoonse and
Valley River.
Occupations. — A large percentage of these Indians are occupied in farming and
stock-raising, while others earn their livelihood by selling hay and wood to the neigh-
bouring towns. There are still a few who follow the old life of hunting and trapping,
and the Indians of Valley River reserve are occupied in lumbering to a certain extent
in winter seasons, which brings them a good revenue. The majority of the Indians who
were farming this year were particularly successful in harvesting the best crop on
record at this agency, having threshed 54,890 bushels of grain, the qiiality of which
was of average standard. They also broke considerable new land. The motive power
used in this work was principally oxen and the work performed was as good as that of
their white neighbours. The herds of this agency have diminished in past years, but
an increase has been effected this year on all the reserves, and by careful supervision
the cattle industry should become a profitable source of revenue. In the majority of
cases the stock is well attended to, but, of course, there are always a few who do not
seem to realize that stock require attention, and they only attend to them as suits their
convenience.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — Some of the Indians have all the necessary
machinery for general farming, while others have not sufficient for their own use and
have to depend on assistance from their neighbours. Two of the bands own: their
threshing outfits, which are operated by the Indians themselves. Most of them are
very careless with their implements, being inclined to leave them wherever they were
last used and never attempt to repair them until occasion demands it.
Buildings. — A number of the dwelling-houses were improved this year by additions
and repairs in general, but very few new houses were built. Although in some cases
the buildings are small, most of them are comfortable.
RErORT>: OF IXDIAX AGEXTS 67
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Health and Sanitation. — There has been no outbreak of any contacrious disease
this year. All the Indians enjoyed the best of health durinj? the summer months;
but, owing: to the extreme cold weather during the winter, bronchitis, pneumonia and
grippe were very much in evidence, but no fatalities occurred from these sources.
There were the usual cases of old-standing tuberculosis and minor sicknesses, and all
cases were carefully attended to by the medical officers. Most of the Indians keep their
houses fairly clean, and are beginning to realize the necessity of sanitation.
Characteristics and Progress. — There are quite a number of the younger men in
each band who are ambitious and are making good progress in agricultural pursuits,
but the influence of the older people with their old-time superstitions and beliefs is
very detrimental to the advancement of the progressive ones. All the Indians of this
agency are of a law-abiding and peaceful nature, and their behaviour has been as
good as could be expected. As the results of their efforts in farming will show, they
have made very satisfactory progress.
Temperance and Morality. — Regarding intemperance, it is gratifying to 'hote
that this evil is on the decrease in this agency, only a few cases being brought up
during the year, and these were not of a serious nature.
The morals of these Indians are, in some cases, not of the best; but there seems
to be much improvement in this respect.
Indian*Patriotism. — Since the outbreak of the present great war the Indians have
taken a great interest in its progress, many of them being subscribers to the daily
papers. The older people who xire unable to read constantly inquire at the agency
headquarters as to the progress of the war, and a branch of the Eed Cross Society has
been organized by them recently, and they all seem to be anxious to be of as mucK
assistance as possible in this great struggle. Already twenty of our young men, all
school graduates, have enlisted -with the 188th Battalion, and several more have signi-
fied their intention of doing so in the near future.
REPORT OF H. NICHOL, INDIAN AGENT FOR QIPAPPELLE
AGENCY, SASIvATCHEWAN.
Tribes or Nations. — Eour tribes are represented in this agency, namely, Sioux,
Cree, Saulteaux, and Assiniboine.
Bands. — This agency is comprised of the following bands: Muscowpetung, No.
^i>; Pasqua, No. 79; Piapot, No. 75; and Standing 'Buffalo, No. 78.
Occupations. — These Indians are engaged principally in farming and =tock-
raising. More interest is being taken in these industries from year to year. Each
Indian has his own herd of cattle, and provider stable accommodation and feed for
them. No difficulty is found in getting the Indians to care for their cattle. Owing
to unfavourable seasons, high wages outside, low prices for grain, and a ready market
for wood, hay and pickets, the Indians lost considerable interest in farming for a time.
They are, however, again realizing the benefits to be derived from farming, and the
past two seasons show a marked increase in these operations.
Piapot and Muscowpetung bands, particularly, have large hay meadows. Some of
the Indians depend upon the sale of hay, wood, and pickets for a livelihood. The
number of Indians gaining a livelihood in this manner is gradually decreasing.
Standing Buffalo band unfortunately has very little range for its cattle, and the
hay-supply is limited. For these reasons these Indians do not go in for cattle very
extensively.
The class of horses on the different reserves is improving from year to year. With
few exceptions the stamp of horses varies from the heavy farm type to general purpose.
27— ii— 5i
68 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Marked improvement is noted in the care taken of the horses. It is quite general to
find them cared for properly during the winter, and in first-class condition for spring,
work.
A few Indians hunt fur-bearing animals during the open season, when prices are
high. None 0:6 the Indians depend entirely on hunting for a livelihood.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — The Indians on the whole are well supplied
with farm implements. Standing Buffalo more particularly in this respect. They take
only fair care of their machinery and implements. A threshing outfit is owned by the
four bands in common.
Buildings. — On Muscowixitung reserve all the dwellings are frame. On the
.other three reserves they are of log wall with lumber roof and shingle construction.
There are very few of the old mud-roofed shacks left, and they are gradually disap-
pearing.
Health and Sanitation. — During the past year the general health of the Indians
has been very good. Apart from scrofula and consumption, there has been no sign
of disease or epidemics of any kind. The visible signs of both scrofula and consump-
tion seem to be decreasing from year to year, and I take it that the Indians are becom-
ing more constitutionally fit and better able to throw off to a certain extent the
effects of these diseases. e
Less difficulty is met with in getting the Indians to keep the grounds around their
houses clean. Their mode of housekeeping is gradually improving.
The Indians still adhere to the old log wall and pole roof type of stable. These
are quite comfortable, and in most cases are kept very well.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians are naturally of an indolent disposi-
tion, but the necessity of having to put forth more and more effort from year to year to
provide themselves with the necessities of life, which are always increasing both in
price and variety, and a desire to live better, is having the effect of making them more
industrious. A marked improvement is noted in their mode of life, and there is no
doubt they are becoming richer and more prosperous.
Temperance and Morality. — There was only one case of intemperance during the
year. It may be said this is not entirely due to the fact that they fear the legal conse-
quences, although it is a big factor, but in a measure due to a knowledge of its evil
effect, and a desire to overcome it.
The morals of the Indians are improving, and with very few exceptions no diffi-
culty is encountered in such matters.
KEPORT OF WILLIAM MrRISON, INDIAN AGENT FOR TOUCHWOOD
HILLS AGENCY, SASKATCHEWAN.
Bands. — The following bands are included in this agency: Muscowekwan's,
George Gordon's Day Star's, Poorman's, and Fishing Lake.
Occupations. — The Indians in this agency derive their living from farming, cattle-
raising, hunting, trapping, sale of senega-root, fire-wood logs and willow posts, making
rabbit skin robes, beadwork, tanning hides, and working for farmers and threshers.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — These Indians are fairly well equipped with
farm implements, which are added to as required. The chief difficulty with the begin-
ner is in obtaining adequate working stock for farming operations, but I have found
that the man who has obtained his outfit through his own efforts takes better care of
his equipment than those who have them given to them.
Buildings. — An improvement is noted each year in the increased oomfort of their
dwelling-houses on all the reserves with the exception of Muscowekwan's.
REPORTS OF INDIAX AGEyTS 69
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Health and Sanitation. — The general health has been good during the year through-
out the agency. Cases of scrofula, which was once so common, are becoming fewer
each year. This I attribute to better food and more cleanly habits. The rubbish that
accumulates around the houses in the winter is raked up and burned in the spring.
Stock. — An ample supply of feed was secured for the stock, and a very few losses
were sustained during the past winter. The cattle are in good healthy condition.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians in this agency are law-abiding, and
witi a few exceptions are industrious at those pursuits that are congenial to them.
They are in demand during the threshing season, and their earnings during that season
mount to a considerable sum of money. They have not, generally speaking, taken a
rious interest in farming, although there are a number who are doing very well. The
manner in which they prepared their summerfallow and new breaking last year shows
a very marked improvement, and a number of' the fields of summerfallow are as well
prepared as one will see anywhere. The crops on Muscowekwan's and Day Star's re-
serves • were hailed out in July. On the three reserves the crops were fairly
good and over 40,rC0 bushels of grain was threshed. The second growth crops on the
fields that were hailed were cut and ued as feed for the stock.
KEPOKT OF W. B. CROMBIE, INSPECTOR FOR NORTH SASKATCHEWAN
INSPECTORATE.
This inspectorate consists of the following agencies: Carlton, Duck Lake, Battle-
ford, Onion Lake, and Isle a la Crosse agencies, and Moose Woods reserve.
The annuity payments for the Isle a la Crosse agency were made last summer
under the supervision of Mr. William McKay, assisted by Mr. Holroyd as clerk, and
Dr. Stuart Reid as medical attendant.
The party left Prince Albert on June 11, and returned via Le Pas towards the
iiid of September. Considerable difficulty in travelling was experienced on account
of low water. The officer in charge reported that notwithstanding the falling off in
the demand for furs, the Indians were amply provided for, there being a plentiful
supply of lish and big game. The medical officer found nothing of a serious nature
tu report.
The farming industry on the reserves in this inspectorate during the past year,
in nearly every case, shews increased activity and extra large yields.
Some of the crops obtained by individual Indians on one or two of the reserves
in Carlton agency were very gratifying indeed, and will compare favourably with
crops got by white settlers in the immediate vicinity.
The jiast season ranks as a good one, and it is encouraging to note that the total
crop harvested of wheat and cats, in quantity, quality, and average per acre, is far
in excPss of any previous year. There has also been an increase in the acreage of new
land brought under cultivation.
In the Duck Lake agency the total crop got was much larger than formerly, and
the average on some of the reserves for wheat was 26 bushels per acre, and for oats
'■'Mo per acre. On Beardy's and One Arrow's reserves the results obtained were not
> good. In the early summer there was an exceptionally dry spell, which damaged
;lie crops, and the yield was low. This condition also existed in the adjoining white
-tttlement, where the yield was about the smallest in the west.
The reserves in the Battleford agency had a much increased acreage under culti-
vation over any previous year. The average for oats was about the same as formerly ;
while on one reserve the average of wheat was 33 bushels per acre. Most of the
lirain was of good quality and graded exceptionally high.
70 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
On one or two of the Onion Lake agency reserves, where grain-raising has only
of recent years been begun, the results are gratifying, and the bands, finding the
raising of grain advantageous, are steadily increasing the acreage to be brought under
cultivation.
On Moose Woods reserve fanning operations are still limited, but the acreage
of land farmed is increasing.
On many of the reserves the raising of vegetables and the keeping of gardens
is encouraging, and in some instances provided a considerable source of revenue.
The cattle industry in most of the agencies is in a fairly good condition, and,
with the exception of one or two reserves, an increase is shown in their herds.
As a result of the generosity of the department in supplying thoroughbred bulls,
the grade of beef cattle continues to improve, and some of the herds are particularly
fine. The result has been that the beef cattle, when marketed, have, in almost all
cases, brought an exceptionally high figure.
Most of the reserves are suitable for stock-raising with a plentiful supply of good
hay available. On many reserves a considerable revenue is derived from the sale of
hay, and on almost all the reserves an ample supply of hay was put up for winter use,
with the result that, notwithstanding the severity of the past winter, the cattle came
through in fine condition, with a minimum of loss through neglect.
In the raising of horses, however, the same degree of success has not been
attained, and, while many of the bands show an increase in the number of their
horses, yet the increase is not as high as it might be.
It is worthy of note that tiiere is evidence of a desire on the part of the Indians
to improve their dwellings. While there is yet much to be desired by way of improve-
ment, it is interesting to note that they are gradually getting away from the pole
shack with the sod roof. On some of the reserves substantial lumber dwellings have
been erected, where it was possible to obtain lumber as a result of their own sawing
operations. These buildings are well constructed and, in many cases are suitably
furnished with modern furniture. On most of the reserves the buildings are con-
structed of logs; but in many cases the upper part of the building is constructed of
lumber with shingle roof.
It is pleasing to note that at least some of these dwellings are kept clean and tidy,
and in many of the homes the work of the female ex-pupil is noticeable. In a few
instances I noticed that some of the dwellings are not only well furnished, but the
windows are kept clean and provided with curtains and window blinds.
The continued efforts of the agents in keeping the subject of cleanliness and
ventilation before the various bands, together with the teaching of hygiene in tlie
schools, is beginning to have a good effect, and it is noticeable that, in some instances
at least, the buildings are properly ventilated as well as kept clean.
No epidemics of any kind have been reported on the various reserves during the
past year, and the general health of all the bands, outside oi chronic cases, has been
good.
Most of the members of these bands are law-abiding and they are becoming more
industrious, and the encouraging results obtained from their farming and cattle
industries during the past year have, in many cases, been instrumental in spurring
them on to greater efforts.
It is also worthy of note that many of the bands have contributed very liberally
to the various funds for patriotic purposes.
EEPOIiTS OF lyOIAN AGENTS 71
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
REPORT OF W. M. GRAHAM. INSPECTOR EOR SOUTH SASKATCHEWAN
INSPECTORATE.
PKI.LY AGEN'CY.
A change was made in the management of this agency last May, — ^Ir. Blewett
resigned, and Mr. M. Christiansen has been appointed in his place.
The Indians of this agency had an exceptionally tine crop last year, in fact, I think
it was by far the best they have ever had. As a result, they were very mucli encouraged.
They worked well and prepared a nice lot of land during the summer.
This agency is well equipped with all the necessary farm machinery.
The cattle industry at Pelly has had a great setback from one cause and another.
The herds were greatly reduced and, it will take some years to put them back to where
they were years ago. In December last I purchased 80 head of young cows for Cote
band, with funds of the band, and intend to buy 80 more next month.
I cannot say that I have noticed any marked advancement among these Indians
during the last few years. They seem to make a living without much effort, and are
content to lead a free and easy life.
The graduates of schools are capable of doing much more than they have done,
with the exception of one or two cases, where really good progress has been made.
During the past summer I spent a good deal of time at this agency, instructing
the new agent in his duties and supervising the erection of the new school on Cote
reserve, which is still in course of construction. I visited the agency six times during
the summer.
A large number of the young men from this agency have enlisted, and at the time
of writing' nineteen have gone, and I understand others are to follow.
qu'appelle agency.
Under instructions from the department, I visited this agency for the purpose of
making an inspection, between October 5 and 22.
I also made four trips there during the summer, for the purpose of supervising
the construction of twenty-three new houses that were being erected on Muscow-
petung reserve. These buidings were paid for out of band funds, and are all neat
frame structures.
On Pasqua's reserve the Indians had a fine crop; but on the other reserves it was
not so good.
ASSIXIBOINE .\GENCY.
The Indians of this agency had an unusually good crop last year, and as a result
they put in a very fair winter. There is steady improvement going on at this point,
and the ex-pupils are making steady advancement, not only in the way they farm,
but in the manner in which they live.
Many of the ex-pupils are accumulating property and are beginning to realize that
it pays to give strict attention to farming. The old people, some twenty-five in
number, receive destitute rations from the department regularly.
This band is well equipped for farming, having fine horses and good machinery
and very few debts, I am pleased to say.
CROOKED LAKE AGEXCY.
I visited this agency in August, and again in February, for the purpose of making
a general inspection. These Indians had a splendid crop last year and have put in a
good winter. This agency has made a good showing in the past year, and I think a
step in the right direction has been made.
72 DEPARTMENT OF lyDIAy AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
MOOSE MOUNTAIN AGENCY.
This agency was inspected by me in March. ■ There has been advancement here
in the past year. The Indians are farming better and living in better houses. This
band, like most others in this section of the province, had a splendid crop last year,
and as a result these Indians were able to buy many comforts and articles necessary
to carry on their work.
At this agency I found Indians who took the very best care of their stock, and then
again there are others that require constant watching.
The Indians of this agency are comparatively free from debt.
TOUCHWOOD HILLS AGENCY.
I visited this agency in March, and found it most difficult to get about, owing to
the bad roads; but i was able to inspect the two boarding schools, the day school, and
three reserves.
I noticed improvement in the way the Indians of Gordon's band have been doing
their farm work. This band had a good crop last year, which helped out con-
siderabTy. Muscowekwan's and Day Star's reserves were badly hailed out and the loss
was very great, and as a consequence the Indians of these two reserves were unable to
pay their debts in full. However, they sold some cattle and this helped them out
considerably. The stabling on Gordon's and Day Star's reserves is very good. On
;^^uscowekwan's there is room for improvement in both houses and stables.
Six Indians from this agency have enlisted for overseas service up to the time
of writing.
FILE HILLS AGENCY.
The Indians of this agency had in crop the largest area they ever had, and up to
July 22 there was every promise of a magnificent yield. On that date a terrific hail
and wind storm completely m.owed the crop to the ground, and the loss to these
Indians would amount to between $50,000 and $60,000. All this land has been brought
under summer-fallow, and the largest area in the history of this agency is being put
in this spring. Fortunately these Indians have very few debts.
Nearly fifty per cent of the young men of the Colony have gone to war; at the
time of writing 15 have enlisted.
REPORT OF J. 11. GOODERHAM, INDIAN" AGENT FOR THE BLACKFOOT
AGENCY, ALBERTA.
Occupations. — The principal occupations of the Blackfoot Indians are farming,
stock-raising, hay-making, coal-mining, and working for wages for neighboring farmers.
We have about 80 farms set apart, of one-quarter section each. These are inclosed by
fences. We have also inclosed pastures, yards, and gardens. Road allowances are
made round each section. These farms produced over 100,000 bushels of wheat and
oats in the season of 1915. We are trying to hold the Indians to good farming. A
large number of the band have cattle and horses, from which they derive a considerable
income. There is plenty of hay on the reserve for the use of the Indians, and for
sale. There are also good deposits of coal, and considerable money is earned by the
Indians from the mining and sale of the same. The income of the band is very
largely augmented by wages earned from white farmers, and at the same time the
Indian is learning how the white farmer works and manages.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — The members of this band are learning how
to use their implements to better advantage each year, and as they learn their value,
take better care of them. They are well supplied, and machinery is well housed and
''ared for.
REPORTS OF lyOLiy AGEXTS 73
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Buildings. — Very little change is being made in the old Indian homes, as the
occupants are awaiting erection of new houses provided for under surrender conditions.
On most of the farms are well built four-room frame cottages, on concrete foundations,
with celUu". good ventilation, and a tiroplace in each. There are also wood-shed, wagon-
shed, stable for four horse?, and hay mow. The majority of the farmers also have
portable granaries. In addition there are for the Indian farmers two large storage
granaries, one at each farm instructor's, and four large implement storage sheds.
There have been a number of good two-room cottages built for the old people, who are
also provided with wood-sheds, stables, buggy-?heds and hay mows. All of the.se, with
the tirst cost of fencing, roads, breaking, etc., are paid for from ]>and funds under
surrender conditions.
• Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the band has been very good.
There have been no epidemics. The houses, especially the new one. and premises, are
kept clean and in good condition. There is no doubt that the regular ration of fresh
beef and flour provided for under surrender conditions, contributes to the maintenance
of good health.
Characteristics and Progress. — Xo great change can be observed, except among
those who have commenced farming. The farmers are learning the importance of
loin^ their work well and at the proper time. Of course there are some failures,
shieh was to be expected. Many more of the men are now anxious to farm. The
armers bought many good work horses last fall from the proceeds of sale of grain,
..iid are now in a better iX)?ition than ever to farm well and to extend their
• ultivated areas. They are also learning to look ahead a little, and for the most part
willingly leave funds from their sale of grain to draw upon during the winter, and
more especially for expenses during the seeding season. Some of them take remarkably
g(X)d eare of their horses.
Temperance and Morality. — The members of this band secure considerable liiiuor,
;is is evidenced from the number of convictions of drxinkenness, and of outsiders for
-upplying intoxicants during the year. They are probably as moral as the average
band of Indians.
EEPORT OF W. .1. DILWORTH. IXDTAX AGEXT FOR THE BLOOD
AGEXCY, ALBERTA.
Occupations. — The occupations of these Indians are farming, stock-raising, hay-
making, and agricultural labour off the reserve.
Farming. — This occupation, started some seven years ago, is now the most
iinixuuiuL oae oi the tribe, and last year reached its highest record. Owing to
propitious weather conditions, and the well sustained and purposeful effort of the
Indian fanners themselves, a larre J:arvest was garnered in good season, and twice
tilt acreage prepared lor tue coming years crop as was seeded this year. Also 1,000
:'cres was broken from sod to allow fourteen new farmers to make a start.
Stock-rai>ing. — The Blood Indians own one of the best beef-type herds in the
Xorthwest. This herd supplies the rationing requirements of the reserve, some
■■'50,0<30 pounds beef annually.
The horse herds have increased in numbers and improved in quality; douriin^
discovered amongst them two years ago having been practically obliterated.
Haymaking. — Haymaking, which last year reache<;l record proportions, was this
.vear curtailed owing to the abundance of feed in the district and consequent lack of
demand. The Indians, however, in addition to supplying the requirements of tlu
reserve, were able to sell their surplus at fair prices.
Agricultural Labour. — "White settlers off the reserve having heavy crops, and
labour being scarce, in the first week in August I sent every able-bodied Indian not
rcfiuired to perform the labour on the reserve, off the reserve for three months or
74 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
until the harvesting operations were completed. Some 150 teams and 200 men
availed themselves of the labour at remune^ati^•e wages and with satisfaction to their
employers.
Implements.— These Indians take good care of implements purchased by their
private earnings, but poor care of implements purchased for their use out of band
fnnds. , ,
Buildings.— Each passing year sees a marked improvement in the housing con-
ditions. New houses are being built yearly, and all are more roomy, better ventil-
ated and lighted. As a result of this last season's farming operations, a number of
new frame houses and stables are in course of erection.
Health and Sanitation.— As there is yearly an improvement in the housing con-
ditions, and as the Indians are yearly changing their diet from one wholly meat to
one made up of vegetable and cereal foods, there is an improvement in the general
health. Scrofulous cases are less and less prevalent amongst children. Tuberculosis
is not so frequently met with. During the year the numbers of the band increased.
While the old diseases are not so frequent or virulent in form, yet there have
appeared for the first time cases of appendicitis, three patients having been operated
upon successfully.
Characteristic-; and Progress. — These Indians are naturally a pleasure-loving
people, and so far in their development, old men especially, look upon the adventur-
ous days of the past as the ideal life. These old men are boastful and vainglorious
of their former exploits and adventures. These ideals are being rapidly changed.
Each passing year sees them more content to keep up. a sustained and purposeful
effort at some industrious pursuit. The toil and the moil of a busy life is weaning
them away from their former desires, it is encouraging them to make a home, indi-
vidual and separa'.e from their relation?; is developing their physique, mentality and
moral habits, and is giving them the stick-to-it-iveness that makes for lasting
benefits, independent of help outside tbeir own efforts.
Progress in the direction of applied effort^; has been marked throughout the
year, in that it has gone a long way towards obscuring the ideals of the past, and
decisive in obliterating those acquired instincts that tend to make of these Indians
public parasites and private mendicants.
Temperance and ^forality.- — As the year has been a busy one, there has been
much less of intemperance and immorality than has been usual.
REPORT OF GEORGE H. RACE, INDIAi^ AGENT EOR EDMONTON
AGENCY, ALBERTA.
Bands. — This agency consists of five bands, the Enoch's, Michel's, Alexander's,
Paul's and Alexis'.
Occupations. — Farming and stock-raising form the principal occupations of the
Indians of tbis agency. All of them do mor^ or le^s hunting when furs are selling
at a good price, and by this means provide themselves with a great many comforts
during the winter when other means of income are cut off.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — The Indians of this agency are all well
supplied with machinery and all kinds of implements, for the most part purchased
with their own money, and fairly good care is taken of them.
Buildings. — Good buildings are general with all these Indians. These consist of
log-walled houses, with shingle roofs, floored with good flooring. The farm buildings
are similarly constructed. During the year Alexander of the Enoch band built him-
self a fine large horse-stable with a liip roof, planked floor, stalls for five teams o^
horses, and a harness-room. There is considerable improvement along this line.
BEPORTS OF lyDIAX AGEXTS 75
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the Indians for the year has been
fairly good; but through the winter there was a considerable amount of grippe and
pneumonia. There were few deaths, however. The usual sanitary precautions are
always taken in the way of lime-washing the inside and outside of dwellings, and a
careful regard that no refuse is allowed to accumulate around the houses.
Characteristics and Progress. — Taking all things into consideration, most of these
Indians are industrious and make a good living for themselves and families; they are
law-abiding and becoming better off every year.
Temperance and Morality. — Liquor is without doubt the greatest holdback for
all Indians ; and those of this agency are no better and no worse than Indians of other
agencies. It may be said that during the year there has been less drinking going on
than formerly; at any rate there have been many less convictions for drinking. The
morals, improve as the liquor is less used.
General Remarks. — For the first time, there was a considerable quantity of wheat
srrown by the Indians of this agency. The crop was good and prices realized were as
high as, a-d in s.me cases higher, than those of our white neighbours. It is also
pleasing to state that at all reserves the Indians have paid for all seed supplied them,
and for the first time in the' history of the agency they have their seed on hand ready
for this year. There is not the slightest doubt that these Indians are progressing, as it
has been remarked many times by outsiders who pass by and through the reserves.
LE ORT OF J. BUTLIN, INDIAX AGEXT FOR HOBBEMA AGENCY.
ALBERTA.
Bands. — This agency comprises the following bands: Ermineskin's, Louis Bull's,
Montana, and Samson's.
Occupations. — Mixed farming, stock-raising, hay-making for home use and for
sale, working for neighbouring farmers, and hunting, are the principal industries
followed by these Indians.
The farming area was increased last season, and the result of the crops was also
satisfactory.
There are excellent hay meadows on these reserves, and considerable of the
earnings are derived from the hay-making industry.
During the summer 156.540 feet of lumber was sawn at the agency mill for the
different bands, and this lumber is being used by them in making improvements on
their farms.
A large number of the Indians take advantage of the fishing at Pigeon lake, am)
during the past season the catch was very good.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — These Indians have a good supply of modern
machinery, and many new articles were purchased during the year. In most case?
they take care of their miachinery.
Buildings. — Most of the dwellings are of logs, neatly constructed, and generally
they have shingle roofs. With the lumber on hand, the Indians greatly improved some
of their places. The houses, with a few exceptions, have a fair supply of furniture and
are wel kept.
Health and Sanitation. — The general health of these Indians has been fairly good.
Whilp there was considerable sickness due to influenza and tuberculosis, no epidemics
occurred amongst them. All sanitary precautions are carefully obBcrved.
Characteristics and Progress. — Most of these Indians are fairly industrious and
law-abiding. Their general condition is steadily improving, the farming operations
are being followed with more success than formerly, and the herds are showing a small
increase.
76 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Temperance and Morality. — There have been fewer cases of intemperance during
the year as compared with previous years.
On the whole the moral standard of these Indians is fair, considering the con-
ditions under which they live.
REPORT OF IIAROLD LAIRD, ACTING INDIAN AGENT EOR LESSER
SLAVE ].AKE AGENCY, ALBERTA.
Bands.— This agency comprises the following bands: Wabiskau, Whitefish
Lake, Sturgeon Lake, Peace River Crossing, Little Red River, Sucker Creek, Drift-
pile River, Swan River and Sawridge ; Beaver at St. Johns and Dunvegan ; Cree and
Beaver at Fort Vermilion ; and Slave at Upper Hay River.
Health and Sanitation.— The health of the Indians of most of the bands in this
agency has been excellent. There were no epidemics of any kind.
Occupations. — Hunting, trapping and fishing are the chief occupations of these
Indians. Very little farming is done, but most of the Indians who live on the reserve
have fair gardens.
Buildings.— There are none but log buildings on any of the reserves, but larger
and better buildings are gradually being erected.
Implements. — Most of the bands have implements for putting up hay, and have
also gardening tools. It seems impossible to get the Indians 1o give the implements
the care they should receive.
Stock.— These Indians keep quite a number of horses. On a few of the reser\''es
they have cattle.
'Characteristics and Progress. — Those Indians are industrious in hunting and
trapping; otherwise they are indolent. Owing to their manner of living, very little
progress is m,ade.
Temperance and Morality.— As a rule these Indians are temperate.^ Only a fevv'
cases of intemperance were reported during the past year. They are fairly moral.
REPORT OF II. A. GUNN, INDIAN AGENT FOR PEIGAN AGENCY,
ALBERTA.
Occupations. — The Indians have been engaged in stock-raising and farming. The
stock is increasing in numbers and the class of cattle is improving owing to the qual-
ity of the bulls we have been getting each year, and the care during the winter months
in the feeding of the young cows.
The Indian farmers were favoured with the most successful season since farming
started here,' thanks to favourable weather conditions and the manner in which they
handled their land, by preparing good seed beds by deep ploughing, and the generous
use of the disc and drag harrows.
Farm ^lachincry and Implements. — The improvement in the care of their machin-
ery and implements is very slight. Just as soon as the farmers own their implements,
a greater improvement should be noticeable.
Buildings. — A few buildings were erected by. the farmers from the proceeds of
their crops, and a greater increase in building can be looked for as they get clear of
debt and have the money to pay for the building materials.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians has been good with the excep-
tion of a few cases of tuberculosis. The hospital where the tuberculin treatment is
being used is certainly a success with the children.
Their premises are kept clean in winter, and all refuse is raked and burnt and
houses disinfected just as early in spring as it is possible for them to move out to
their farms or into their tents.
IfKPORTS OF INDIAN AGENTS 77
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
There have been no epidemics and no particular disease prevalent this year.
Characteristics and Progress. — The majority of these Indians are industrious,
and, as they had good returns for their labours last season, they are in good circum-
stances and getting free of debt.
Temperance and ^forality. — There are a few addicted to liquor, and, as they had
a little more money to sjiend than usual, there were a few more cases of drunkenness;
but the majority are temperate.
Their morality has not improved very much and is not of a ver,y liigh standard.
KEPORT OF CIIAKLES E. HUGHES, INDIAN AGENT FOR SADDLE LAKI-:
AGENCY, AXBERTA.
Bands. — The following bands are included in this agency: Saddle Lnkt\ James
Seenum's, Chipewyan and Beaver Lake.
Tribe. — With the exception of the Chipewyan band, all the Indians of this agency
belong to the Cree tribe.
Occupatiorus. — There has been considerable farming and stock-raising on the
Saddle Lake and Whitcfish Lake reserves, the area under cultivation exceeding the
acreage cropped last year. The Indians of these reserves also hunt and trap a good
deal. On the Chipewyan and Beaver Lake reserves the Indians do little, if any farm-
ing, and depend altogether on hunting and trapping. Some of them have small gar-
dens. The Indians of Beaver Lake reserve have some splendid land for farming, but
so far it has been impossible to get them to farrii. They also have some good hay mea-_
dows, but they do not put up much hay.
Farm Machinery. — ]\rost of the Indians of the Saddle Lake and Whitefish Lake
reserves are fairly well supplied with machinery, but it is hard to get them to take
proper care of it.
Buildings. — The buildings on the Whitofish Lake and Saddle Lake reserves are
showing a good deal of improvement. On the Whitefish Lake reserve there have been
quite a number of good barns built this season, and also several good dwelling-houses.
Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the Indians has been very good
this year. There have been no epidemics except a few cases of grippe. There have
been the usual number of colds and one or two cases of tuberculosis. The prescribed
regulations in regard to cleaning up and burning of rubbish have been observed.
Characteristics and Progress. — While there are quite a number among the Indians
of this agency who are making some progress, the large majority are lazy and indolent
and will not look to the future. So long as they can get enough to eat, they seem to
be satisfied.
Temperance and ^forality. — ^Fost of the Indians are fairly temperate. Their
morals are not very good.
REPORT OF T. J. FLEETHAM, INDIAN AGENT FOR THE SARCEE
AGENCY, ALBERTA.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians on the whole has been fairly
good, with the exception of a few cases of scrofula and consumption, and one death
from typhoid fever. The medical officer and nurse attend regularly to all cases.
All premises are kept fairly clean.
Occupations. — The principal industries are farming, stock-raising, cutting, hauling
and selling wood, hay, green feed, and working for neighboring farmers. They earn
considerable amounts in these industries, and could earn more if they ^yished.
Buildings. — All the houses and stables are new, and every family is very com-
fortable. Their houses are well ventilated, with a fireplace in each, which gives^ good
ventilation ; and the bulk of them are kept very clean and many fairly well furnished.
78 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Stock. — Cattle and horses have done well during the winter on good feed, with
a fair percentage of calves and foals. Although the winter has been long and hard
on them, they are coming through with very small loss to date.
Farm Implements. — The Indians have not hitherto taken much care of implements,
but are improving. They have built a large shed where most of their implements are
stored away during the winter.
Characteristics and Progress. — There are a few who are fairly industrious; the
rest are guadually improving, and, should we have a good crop this year, it. will
certainly stimulate them in the future.
Temperance and Morality. — The proximity of the reserve to the city of Calgary
is a great inducement for the Sarcees to gratify their desire for drink obtained through
half-breeds, and every effort is being made to abate this evil, which is decreasing. The
morals of these Indians are fairly good.
REPORT OF E. H. YEOMANS, ACTING AGENT FOR STONY AGENCY,
ALBERTA.
]gands. This agency comprises three bands, as follows: Wesley, Bearspaw. and
Chiniquay's.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of these bands during the year has been
o^ood- there has been no epidemic or contagious disease. Buildings are whitewashed
and premises kept clean. There is a tendency to overcrowd buildings during cold
Aveather.
Occupations. — The chief occupations are: cutting cordwood, hunting, stock-
raising, and hay-making.
Buildings. — The houses are usually small, and with few exceptions are of the one-
room variety. The stables are merely sheds.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Stony is not indolent, but spends his earnings
as he goes along.
Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate, and immorality is the exception.
Intermarrying is a common custom.
REPORT OF J. A. MARIvLE, INSPECTOR OF INDIAN AGENCIES FOR THE
ALBERTA INSPECTORATE.
There are eight agencies and nineteen reserves within this inspectorate.
The agencies are known as: Blood, Peigan, Blackfoot, Sarcee, Stony, Hobbema,
Edmonton, and Saddle Lake.
The season of 1915 proved to be the best one on record for the Indians who farm.
The area under crop was the largest the Indians in this inspectorate ever harvested.
Joe B. R. Medicine, a Blackfoot Indian, and Iron Shirl, a Peigan, had the greatest
wheat-yields. Both of these Indians had over sixty bushels of high-grade wheat
yields per acre. Mike Bear Hat, a Blackfoot, threshed 617 bushels of oats from
5 acres, or an average of 123 bushels per acre.
The good crop of last season has greatly stimulated the Indians at farming.
A slightly greater area is likely to be put under crop in this inspectorate next season.
On the whole the cattle industry has been fairly satisfactory. The exceptions are
at the Stony and Saddle Lake reserves and where it seems to be a difficult task to keep
the Indian from illegally killing immature animals. Years ago the Stony Indians
held approximately 1,000 head of cattle, and now 300 head would probably include all
their holdings.
The use of intoxicating liquor by Indians has not decreased. The vending of
such is to be prohibited within this province after June 30 next, and strong hopes are
entertained that this will prove to be a great blessing to the Indians.
TiEPORTS OF lyOIAX AGENTS 79
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
REPOKT OF IIEXKV A. COXROY, INSPECTOR FOR TREATY No. 8.
I beg to submit my report on the affairs of Treaty No. 8 for the year 1915.
I arrived in Edmonton on May 5, accompanied by Mr. H. J. Bury, Acting Clerk
to Treaty No. 8, and, after attending to such matters as the checking of drug and
medical supplies for the northern missions, and the purchase of additional equipment
for the schools, we proceeded to Athabaska Landing.
At this point we joined the transport flotilla of the Northern Trading Company
under the management of Mr. Campbell Young, and left Athabaska Landing for the
journey down the Athabaska river on May 19. Owing to the easy stage of water, an
uneventful trip was made down the rapids on the river, and McMurray was reached
on May 31.
Both the Cree and Cliipewyan Indians at this place expressed great pleasure in
regard to the arrival of the survey party under Mr. D. F. Robertson, of this depart-
ment, who had been instructed to plot out the lands that the Indians wished to have
set aside for reserves. The lands thus secured are in every way suitable for the needs
of the Indians, and, now that the survey work is completed, there will be no further
cause of annoyance from white settlers squatting on Indian locations.
When the Alberta and Great Waterways railway is completed to Mc^Iurray, there
will doubtless be an influx of settlers into this district, and, in my opinion, encourage-
ment should be given to the Indians to locate permanently on their reserves. The most
effective manner of achieving this object would be to appoint a farm instructor to have
direct supervision of these bands and to grant the Indians a certain measure of assist-
ance in the nature of agricultural implements, seed-grain, etc. The tools sent in this
year to these bands were greatly appreciated, and care was exercised that they were
distributed only to those Indians who, in the opinion of the headmen, were willing and
able to utilize them in a proper manner.
I am pleased to re]x>rt that there was no unusual amount of destitution during
the past winter at this point, and, speaking generally, the Indians of the northern coun-
try managed to pass the winter season without undue want or suffering. This state of
affairs, I am convinced, is a direct result of the prompt action of the department in
taking the necessary steps for»relief in September of 1914, and is due also to the loyal
manner in which the various officers and members of the Royal Northwest Mounted
Police discharged their duties in regard to the distribution of relief.
There were 5 births and 8 deaths reported at this point, representing a net decrease
of 3, although several of the Indians who were absent last year returned for treaty this
time.
Chipewyan was reached on June V, and treaty paid to 235 Indians of the Cree band
:ul to 348 Indians of the Chipewyan tribe. In the former instance 10 births were
tL-port<?d and 5 deaths, whilst in the case of the latter band there were 14 birtlis and 10
deaths since last year.
There had been no unusual amount of destitution here, although it was reported
that the Chipewyan band had not put forward any strenuous effort in the early winter
to provide for themselves in a desirable manner; but the officer in charge of the Royal
Northwest Mounted Police at this place. Sergeant ^fellor, managed through his own
personal efforts to persuade them to exert themselves in a manner conducive to their
own interest, and the danger of widespread destitution among this band was fortunately
avoided.
A certain qiiantity of ammunition was given them under his supervision, and they
were enjoined tp move to a locality where game was more abundant.
The Holy Angels' boarding school was inspected and a report regarding this is
=\ibmitted in the school report.
The journey to Fond du Lac, at the eastern extremity of Athabaska lake, was
made without event, although, owing to the prevalence of high wind and correspond-
ingly rough water, it took longer than usual.
80 DEPARTMEST OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Payment was made at this point to 421 members of the Maurice's band, 22 births
were reported and 12 deaths. A number of Indians who were absent last year returned
for treaty on this occasion.
Caribou had been plentiful during the winter, and, in consequence, the Indians
did not undergo any scarcity of food. No effort had been made on tJieir part, however,
to dry sufficient meat for their needs in the spring, and, in consequence, on my arrival
there was some indication of a food shortage. When distributing the treaty rations
I enjoined upon the Indians the necessity of laying aside supplies of meat and fish
when these were plentiful, as a protection to them of a food-supply against the time
when such would be scarce.
Fort Smith was reached on June 26, and payment made to 244 Indians of the
Chipewyan band. Twelve births were reported and 4 deaths, representing a net
increase of 8. Conditions at this point during the past winter season had been similar
to those at the other posts. Prompt action by the police in the matter of the judicious
distribution of the relief supplies left in their charge was sufficient to ward off desti-
tution, and the result was that the band did not suffer any unusual hardship due to the
depression in the fur trade.
Payment was made to 146 members of ihe Chipewyan tribe at Fort Kesolution on
July 2, to 196 Indians of the Yellowknife band and to 194 memjbers of the L'cc^rib
tribe.
An increase of 5 was noted in the Chipewyan tribe, as 12 births were registered
and only 7 deaths. The Yellowknife band had decreased by one, as 5 births and
deaths were reported. An increase of 4 was evident in the Dogrib tribe, tliere having
occurred 11 births and 7 deaths since last year.
The Chipewyans and Yellowknives had experienced no destitution during the
winter, but one section of the Dogrib band had lived in some degree of want, until
word had been sent in to the police at Eesolution and provisions dispatched.
The Indians at this point were impressed with the necessity of hunting for game
and food rather than (trapping furs, for which they received only verv low prices.
The boarding school was inspected and found to be in a very satisfactory con-
dition.
At Hay Eiver 96 members of the Slave band received payment, 6 births and 2
deaths being reported, although several members of the band were absent this year.
Many of the old, infirm Indians are in need of assistance in the form of blankets
for protection during the winter, and I would suggest that a restricted quantity be
sent to the various posts for distribution to deserving cases.
At some of the posts on the Lower Mackenzie a certain amount of destitution
was reported as having occurred last winter, but there was none of a widespread char-
acter, as might have been expected from the fact of there being practically no market
for furs. At Fort Kae caribou were killed in great abundance, in fact, to such an
extent that a considerable quantity of dry meat was exported from this post to other
less favoured situations.
The general health of the northern Indians was very fair, there being no evidence
of serious illness or epidemic. Dr. McDonald also reports that throughout the winter
season the Indians by reason of the improvement in their mode of life did not require
medical assistance to the same extent as in previous years. It is hoped that this
improvement will continue, and I have no doubt that when the various efforts of the
resident doctors, missionaries and the department become co-ordinated to a better
degree, the results will be very satisfactory.
Inspector C. Eheault, Officer Commanding the Royal Northwest Mounted Police
at Smith Landing, accompanied the treaty party to Fort Providence, and his services
at the annuity payments at Smith, Resolution and Hay River were invaluable, whilst
his intimate knowledge of the question of relief and general police administration
at the northern posts was of great use to the paying official.
I
jiEPOirrs OF iXDiAy AonyTS 8i
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
The return journey was without incident, except for the wrecking of the Hud-
sou's Bay Company steamer McMitrraii on the Rapide de Boyer, on the Peace river.
Tliis accident necessitated the requisitioning of the fire-patrol boat Key at Smith
Landinjr under Engineer McLelUm in order to proceed to the Vermilion Chutes, on
the Peace river.
Upon our arrival at the upper end of the Chutes, we were compelled to remain
in camp for three weeks, whilst awaiting the departure of the next steamer.
We reached Peace River Crossing on August 24, and, after crossing to the end
(if steel at Reno, arrived in Edmonton via the Edmonton, Dunvegan and British
Columbia railway on August 31.
From this point Mr. Bury returned to Ottawa, whilst I awiiited further orders
in accordance with instructions received in telegram from Ottawa.
Matters relating to schools and agencies in Treaty 8 territory have been discussed
under special reports.
SLM.MARy.
There are several matters of special import that I should like to bring before the
notice of the department in connection with the affairs of Treaty No. 8.
Necessity of appointing a doctor at Fort Simpson.
I would again strongly urge upon the department the necessity of arranging for
additional medical assistance for the northern districts. Dr. McDonald has done
great service by trying to cover the entire country for a lineal distance of 1,300 miles,
but it is obvious that such an extensive district cannot properly be covered by one
man. A local hospital has been established at Fort Simpson under the auspices of
;hc Roman Catholic mission, and I am convinced that a doctor should be appointed
at this point, in order to supplement a medical service which, up to the present time,
has been insufficient for the needs of the Indians.
Desirability of permitting the resident Agents in Treaty 8 to pay annuities in 1910.
As there are at the present time two permanent officials of the Indian Department
lusident in Treaty No. 8 territory, I would suggest that in order to increase their
itVectiveness and add to their respect in the eyes of the habitant Indians, they be
nistructed to pay treaty in 1916.
Agent Card might be authorized to pay annuities at McMurray, Chipewyan, Fond
du Lac, and Smith, whilst Agent Harris would attend at Resolution, Hay River and
Fort Nelson.
I would suggest that .they be instructed to meet the paying officer at McMurray
;ind Resolution and be in ])ersonal attendance at all the treaty ])()iiits, so as to familiar-
ize themselves with the mode of procedure and method of transacting business. They
would then be in a position to undertake this duty in the following year. It is at
treaty-time that they would be best able to get an insight into any matters that closely
atfect the tribe., for on these occasions most of the members of the band are present.
Necessity of securing the adhesion to Treaty No. 8 of the Indians inhahiting the north
shore of the Great Slave lake and the Mackenzie River valley as far as Fort
Simpson.
1 would again strongly suggest that the remainder of the Indians belonging to the
Dogrib and Slave bands inhabiting the north shore of Great Slave lake and the upper
Mackenzie river as far as Fort Simpson be allowed to tender their adhesions to Treaty
No. 8. They have from year to year expressed a great desire to do this, and, as shown
in my general report of last year, I am of the opinion that it would be a beneficial
matter both to the Indians and the department. I would suggest that next year the
paying official be empowered to open preliminary negotiations with the responsible
chiefs and headmen, with a view to admitting these Indians to Treaty 8.
27— ii— .3
82 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAy AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Necessity of appointing a farm instructor at McMurray as a means of assistance to the
several hands of Cree and Chipewyan Indians now allotted reserves in the
vicinity.
The Cree and ChipewTan Indians of the McMurray band have now been allotted
reserves, and, as their lands are in every way suitable for agriculture, I would suggest
that they be given some encouragement in this pursuit. These reserves are too far
distant from the agency at Saddle Lake to be intimately looked after from that point,
and, in consequence, I w^ould recommend that a farm instructor be appointed at Mc-
Murray to have general supervision of the agricultural efforts of the surrounding bands
of Indians.
SURVEY EEPORT OF DOXALD F. ROBERT SOX-
In accordance with instructions of April 27, last, I proceeded to Fort McMurray for
the purpose of selecting and surveying the Indian reserves in that district.
I informed Inspector Conroy, who was paying treaty, that I should be in McMurray
several days before treaty was to be paid, (the Indians of that district had been advised
that treaty would be paid at McMurray on June 10) so that I could discuss the loca-
tion of the reserves with the Indians themselves when they were all assembled for treaty.
I had my assistant, Mr. H. W. Fairchild, leave Ottawa on May 3 to arrange for the
assembling of outfit and party and shipping of supplies. On my arrival at Fort
Mc^Iurray on June 5, I found that treaty had already been paid, and I did not have
an opportunity of discussing the location of the reserves for the Fort McKay band
with this band as a whole. However, I located their reserves according to the informa-
tion I received from Chief Boucher, who accompanied me on this survey and who, Mr.
Conroy informed me, was appointed by the band to show me the land they wished to
have included in their reserve.
I should have much preferred to meet all these Indians as a band myself, as the
method by which this reserve was selected, i.e., by the chief alone representing the
wishes of the band, gives them too much opportunity to complain that their wishes
have not been met.
On Sunday June 6, I proceeded to Fort ^^IcKay. Mr. Fairchild and party had
arrived on June 3 and had commenced the work of locating the Indian houses in Fort
McKay settlement. In connection with this settlement, the work here was consider-
ably increased by my finding that the Indians desired land on the river at this point
and that they had a number of houses in what is now known as McKay Settlement.
This was at variance with the information I received before leaving Ottawa, and as a
consequence I had not with me any information regarding the Department of Interior
settlement survey at that point and lands adjoining same, as information on our files
showed all lands desired by Indians in this district a considerable distance from the
river.
After locating the Indian houses at Fort McKay and running such lines as
would enal)le these to be cut out of the settlement if such arrangement can be made,
I left McKay on June 9 for Xamur river near Xamur lake about 45 miles west of Fort
^IcKay, arriving there on June 9. Along the expansions of this river a reserve of
.5,490 acres was selected for the McKay band.
I then went to Xamur lake and there surveyed a reserve of 7,715 acres. Xamur
lake is a very clear, cold lake, and lake trout and whitefish are plentiful, of good size
and of excellent quality. The fish in Xamur river, fronting the reserve, are mostly
jackfish and a few whitefish. The Indians state that the country in the vicinity of :
these i-eserves is excellent for trapping. Situated as they are, back from the Athabaska
river, and as the surrounding country is not such as to invite settlement for some
RUPOnrS OF IXDIAX AdEXTS 83
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
time, it will be many years before their limitinp: will be damaged by settlement. These
reserves are composed of rollinfr country mostly covered with jwplar. spruce and jack-
pine, and broken by muskegs. They are not suitable for farming, as indeed very little
of the country in this district is.
After the completion of this work, the reserve for Paul Cree's band at the con-
fluence of the Clearwater and Christina rivers was selected and surveyed.
The situation here was complicated by the occupancy of part of the land desired
by these Indians by Geo. (Jolasky (or Gordon) and Harry ilalcolm. These men had
made statutory declarations to R. II. Knight, D.L.S., who had just previously to my
arrival there, subdivided a portion of the land desired by this l)and. After considerable
negotiation, I was able, however, to obtain a complete release of all claim from botli
these men, by allowing them to cut hay on this land.
This reserve is composed of 2,275 acres and includes a sufficient supply of hay,
some excellent timber. An outcropping of asphalt occurs in Sec. 22 on the Christina
river, and game is plentiful in this part. The soil on the timbered portion is good
sandy loam, and that on the open part is also good, but more shallow.
When this was completed, I proceeded to Gregoire lake, and there located a reserve
of 5,710 acres. About 400 acres of this is fine hay-land, and this reserve is excellent
for stock-raising. Frequent burning has considerably impoverished the soil, but a
shallow top of good soil remains. Fishing is good in Gregoire lake. Game is still plen-
tiful in the vicinity, although the A. and G. W. railway which is being completed, is
only about six miles east of this reserve and may affect the hunting to some extent.
Alexan Boucher, a halfbreed, had been squatting on part of the prairie which these
Indians wanted, but he had been on the prairie and appeared to me to be endeavouring
to be a bona fide squatter; he had four or five buildings and considerable fencing, so
that it would have been a very considerable expense to compensate him for his improve-
ments if his land were included in the reserve. Also if the land he occupied had been
included, the area to which these Indians were entitled would have made it necessary
to omit part of the reserve to the south which was if anything finer land than that
which Boucher occupied. As the ^ section on which Boucher has his improvements
included a piece of land that chief John Milton claimed as his, but on which lie had
no improvements, Stilton was not altogether satisfied. Gregoire Ilainault insisted on
his land being on the east side of Gregoire lake, and as R. II. Knight, D.L.S., was
going to subdivide on the east side of the lake, his assistant informed me that, if
necessary to run a line through the centre of a section in order to cut out his land, he
would do so, as it would only involve between ^ and J mile of extra cutting for them,
while if I were to go in and cut out Hainault's land before subdivision was brought up,
it might result in breaking up ^ sections unnecessarily.
Towards the latter part of my work here I learned that the Janviers, a band num-
bering 22, wanted their land near what is shown on the map as Bohn and Cowpar
lakes, about 50 miles south and east of Gregoire lake. One of the Janviers who came
to Gregoire lake while I was working there, informed me that they had made this
request of Inspector Conroy several years ago and that he had instructed them to put
up notices to warn intending squatters.
As my supplies were just finished and almost half of my pack train unfit for work,
I considered that the cost of attempting to go to this place over a muskeg trail which
at that season had no frost in it, and survey this reserve, would be considerably greater
than the importance of having it done done this year would justify particularly as I
was informed that it will only be between six to ten miles from the A.G.W. railway
when completed, which will be next year, and the survey can then be made for very
much less expenditure. In the meantime I gave them instructions to put up the notices
which they already had warning squatters, and I also gave Janvier a letter, warning
any squatters or intending homesteaders that these Indians would be given a reserve
of about five square miles selected from the land in the vicinity of that posted by the
27— ii— 6i
84 DEPARTJIEXT OF IXDIAy AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Indians; I also instructed the Indians to show the letter to anyone who was looking
for land there, and, if after that anyone commenced any improvements, to report to the
nearest R.N.W.M.P. showing the police the letter and asking them to protect the
Indian interests. I also informed Corporal Thorne, of McMurray, of this letter.
Work in this district being completed, I left Fort McMurray on August 7 and
reached Edmonton August 12.
EEPORT OF E. E. LORING, INDIAN AGENT FOR BABINE AND UPPER
SKEENA AGENCY. BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Bands. — This agency comprises the following bands: Andimaul, Fort Babine,
Getanmax (Hazelton) Glen Vowell, Kisgegas, Kispiox, Kitselas, Kitsegukla, Kit-
wanga, Kitwankool, Kuldoe, Moricetown, Old Fort Babine and Rocher Deboule (Hag-
wilget.)
Occupations. — The main occupation is fishing; and since the prices of pelts have
latterly advanced, hunting and trapping receive more attention. During the season
quite a number of the people work about the canneries of the coast. Some pack and
team freight, and work in the section parties along the Grand Trunk Pacific railway
line. Steadily more land is being broken up and fenced, and the area of gardening
increased.
Farm Implements. — With the exception of some ploughs, mowers, harrows, horse
rakes and wagons, only the common gardening tools are used. The Indians take good
care of all their implements.
Buildings. — The old type of dwelling of split cedar is fast disappearing. In most
of the villages great improvements are constantly under way. The houses, with out-
houses and barns, are of good construction and well placed.
Health and Sanitation. — The general health of all the Indians has been very good.
With the exception of periodically occurring forms of influenza, the people were free
from any sort of contagion.
Sanitary precautions are being taken in so far as they can successfully be applied.
Yearly vaccination and re-vaccination after an interval of seven years, which practice
has been followed for a considerable number of years, should largely secure immunity
for the future.
Characteristics and Progress. — Generally considered, the Indians are law-abiding,
industrious and making steady progress along the lines of civilization.
Temperance and Morality. — Notwithstanding besetting temptations, under both
of these headings the Indians on the whole gave a remarkably good account of them-
selves in the year just past.
General Remarks. — In conclusion, it may be stated that a general improvement
of conditions is everywhere noticeable, and will no doubt continue from year to year.
REPORT OF IVER FOUGNER, INDIAN AGENT FOR BELLA COOLA
AGENCY, BRITISH COLUJ^IBIA.
Bands. — This agency comprises the following bands: Bella Bella, Bella Coola,
China Hat, Hartley Bay, Kimsquit, Kitimat, Kitkatla, Kitlope, Rivers Inlet, and
Ulkatcho.
Occupations.— With the exception of the Ulkatcho people, all the natives of this
agency live close to salt water, and derive their principal sustenance from the sea.
They also trap, hunt, and work as hand-loggers, carpenters, and ordinary labourers.
A little farming is done on some reserves, where conditions are favourable.
The Ulkatchos live inland, and are mainly occupied in trapping, hunting and
packing.
RF.fiUris OF l\niA\ A(!t:\TS 85
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Farm ^rachinery aiud Implements. — Xot much machiuerj' is owned by these In-
dians; but what they have is well taken care of.
Boatg and Fishing^ Implements. — The natives are discarding tlie old salt-water
canoes, and many build, or buy, motor boats for themselves and in this sometimes go
beyond their means. As a ruJe they learn to op)orate the engine well. They fish for
home consumption with implements ownetl by theniiielves. When fishing for commer-
cial purpose?, the implements are, for tlie most part furnished by their employers.
Buildings. — The buildings will, as far as size and outward appearance go, com-
pare favourably witli those of white labourers and small farmers. The furniture is
generally scant, and the rooms not orderly, judged by our sUmdard.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians has been good on the whole.
The winter was severe, however, and many, particularly children, suffered from tlie
minor diseases attributable to sudden changes of weather conditions.
Sanitary rules are not generally followed; but there seems to be some improve-
ment from year to year.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indian in this agency is gradually becoming
more like the white man in appearance and manner. He may be accused of being
indolent, at times; but anyone who has seen him engaged in occupations in which
he is interested would not stigmatize him as lazy.
Few accumulate money, but most of them acquire property, such as houses, boats
and implements. They live extravagantly when they have money, and readily buy
expensive food, such as canned goods.
In winter-time they congregate in their villages; while in summer-time they are
scattered all along the coast at various employments.
Temperance and Morality. — They are, speaking generally, temperate in eating
and drinking, and in this there has been improvement in late years. Their sexual
relations are somewhat loose. They are as truthful and honest as can reasonably be
expected.
REPORT OF W. R. ROBERTSON. IXDIAX AOEXT FOR OOWTCHAN
AGEXCY, BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Bands. — This agency comprises the following bands: Beecher Bay (Cheerno),
Comox, Cowichan district, Cowichan Lake, Esquimalt, Hellelt, Kulleets and Sicca-
meen, Lyackson, Xanaimo, Qualicum, Xanoose (Snonowas), Penelalait, Saanich dis-
trict, Songhees, and Sooke.
Occupations. — The Indians of this agencj' are chiefly engaged in farming, fishing,
hunting, in the canneries, at stevedore work and as day labourers.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — Xearly all the bands are well equipped with
the necessary farm implements. On the reserves where the most farming is done they
have all the latest improved farm implements of every description.
Buildings. — The buildings on most of the reserves are of a very good class, many
of the homes boing lumber and frame dwellings, painted and well finished.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the majority of the Indians of this agency
during the past year has been good. There was an epidemic of grippe during the
winter months, and a number of the old and feeble Indians died.
The sanitarj' conditions are very good. The villages are nearly all situated on
the salt water or bank of some river, thus aifording good drainage.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians throughout this agency are fairly
industrious. Some of them make good use of the land at their disposal, but the
majority have not the staying powers to stick to any one job they should have, the
Indian wants quick returns.
Temperance and Morality.— The majority of the Indians of this agency are on the
whole temperate and moral; but there are a few of them who will procure intoxicants
whenever possible.
86 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
REPORT OF JOHX F. SMITH, IXDIAX AGEXT FOR KAMLOOPS AGEXCY,
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Tribe or Xation. — The Indians of this agency belong to the Salish nation and
are called the Chinook Indians; they compose three different tribes, each speaking a
different language.
The Adams Lake, Xiskainlith, or Halaut, Kamloops, Little Shuswap Lake, Xorth
Thompson, or Chuckuqualk, Deadman Creek, and the Bonaparte bands are of the
Shuswap tribe.
Ashcroft, Oregon Jack, Cook's Ferry, Xicomin, Lower Xicola, and Coldwater
bands are of the Thompson tribe. The band occupying the Upper Xicola belongs to
the Okanagan tribe.
THE SHUSWAP TKIBE.
Occupations. — The chief occupation of the Indians of this tribe is mixed farming
and stock-raising. They hunt, and sometimes trap on a small scale. Some team and
act as freighters, and occasionally as labourers. The majority have in the past
few years occupied themselves principally with the cultivation of the land.
Stock. — Every band of Indians of this tribe o\vns horses and some fairly large
herds of cattle, and the indications point to an effort to increase their herds both
of horses and cattle.
Farm Implements. — Xearly all the Indians of this tribe in the agency who are
giving special attention to the cultivation of their allotments on their reserves, are
fairly well supplied with the necessary tools for their work.
Temperance and Morality. — The pernicious illicit liquor traffic among a certain
number of the Indians of each band, still continues its baneful influence. However,
only a small percentage of the Indians of this tribe are addicted to liquor. The
majority are temperate, and are of good morals. Those inclined to be intemperate
are usually found to be of loose morals.
Dwellings. — A large portion of the dwelling-houses of the Indians of this tribe
are of logs, but in a few of the villages neat frame buildings will occasionally be
found. Some of the log houses are neatly put up, and tidily kept, while others are not
only unsightly on the outside, but decidedly unsanitary on the inside.
Health and Sanitation. — Except for an epidemic of grippe which showed itself in a
virulent form among the Indians of the North Thompson band, and in a milder form
in other villages of the Shuswap tribe, a normal health condition prevailed. The cases
of grippe received prompt medical attention, and no fatality is reported in consequence.
Characteristics and Progress. — The great majority of the Indians of the Shuswap
tribe are industrious. Those who are devoting themselves to the cultivation of their
land are fast becoming skilful farmers, they are handling their land intelligently and
are getting good results in the growing of cereals, such as wheat, oats, barley and
corn, as well as succesfuUy growing all kinds of vegetables, pease, beans and melons.
A number of them have young orchards and are taking excellent care of their trees.
A few of the reserves such as Kamloops, Adams Lake and the Xiskainlith, have now
under cultivation nearly every inch of cultivable land for which water can be secured
for irrigation.
THE THOM1\SON .\ND OKAXAGAX TRIBES.
Tribes. — These tribes consist of the Ashcroft, Oregon Jack, Cook's Ferry, Xicomin,
Lowm Xicola, Coldwater, and the Upper Xicola bands.
Occupations. — The chief occupation of these Indians is mixed farming and
stock-raising, hunting game for food, and sometimes hop-picking.
RErORTS OF IXDIAX AGEXTS 87
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Stock. — Every band of Indians of this tribe owns and raises horses, some large
herds both of horses and cattle. In this particuhir special mention may be made of
the Upper Xieola band of the Okanagan tribe, which occupies both the Doujrlas Lake
and the Xieola Lake reserves; notably of the chief, among: whose herds are to be found
-•me of the finest bred horses in the province, as well as a well-selected grade of beef
attle and milch cows.
Farm Implements. — All of these Indians are fairly well supplied with the neces-
-ary farming appliances, some are exceptionally well provided with the latest im-
proved farming equipment of every description. This is particularly n"ticeaIjlo among
the Indians of the Douglas Lake and Xieola Lake reserves.
Temperance and Morality. — A good proportion of the Indians of the Thompson
and Okanagan tribes in this agency are temperate as far as liquor-drinking is con-
cerned, and their morals are good. The facilities, however, for illicit liquor traffic
among these Indians still have their demoralizing effects, and this is particularly notice-
able among the Indians of the Lower Xieola, and has called for strict police vigilance
during the past summer, resulting in several arrests and convictions of suppliers, which
in a measure has done much to check the traffic for the time being. The utter disregard
for the marriage tie among the Indians of the Lower Xieola band continues to have
its deteriorating effect on their morals. I tind it very difficult to combat this phase of
tieir morals.
Dwellings. — -The dwelling-houses of these Indians are mostly of logs, some of
which present a neat appearance on the outside. There are also a fair proportion of
frame dwellings, notably the Cook's Ferry Village, which is composed altogether of
frame buildings, also on the Xieola Mameet Xo. 1, or Shulus, as well as the Douglas
Lake and Xieola Lake reserves on which are a superior class of both log and frame
dwellings, a number of which are neatly painted on the outside, and some are neat and
tidily kept inside.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of the Thompson tribe taken as a
whole are fairly industrious. In some localities exceedingly satisfactory results are
being obtained in the cultivation of their land, notably the Indians occupying the
Pemynoos reserve Xo. 9, of the Cook's Ferry band, who are supplied with an abundance
■A water for irrigation, and are most successful in raising their crops of hay, grain.
leans, pease, and all kinds of vegetables, aS well as fruits, both large and small. On
the Xieola Mameet (Shulus) reserve gratifyingly large crops of hay, grain and veget-
bles were grown during the past summer; while the Upper Xieola, of the Okanagan
; ribe, can be classed as practical farmers and stock-raisers. The great majority of
hem are industrious and interested in their work. Being well equipped with farm
implements, they raise large crops of hay, grain, and vegetables, particularly hay, and
are devoting themselves exclusively to agricultural pursuits.
General Ecmarks. — The Indians of this agency as a whole are law-abiding. They
are all, with an exceptional few, making satisfactory advance in their methods of soil-
i-ultivation for the best results. It is, therefore, safe to say that they are gradually
realizing the security afforded in the dignity of self-reliance, as well as the iniipurtance
and value of their own efforts in that direction. Some are doing remarkably well,
eener interest is being taken in each succeeding year in the quality and quantity of
ich individual production. And everj- effort is being put forth to keep up that spirit,
und to foster and encourage them in keeping up the interest they are taking in im-
proving their allotments by careful cultivation, care of their growing plants, and the
harvesting of their crops.
The majority of the Indians of the agiency are neat in their dress and appearance,
and. as nearly all are owners of horses and some cattle, some of them have fine turnouts
and equipments, and live well. The young mrn as a rule take great interest in all
forms of athletic sports, and are usually in evidence at agricultural fairs, participating
in all their athletic sports and games.
88 DEPARTllEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
EEPOKT OF E. L. T. GALBRAITH, IXDIAX AGEXT FOR KOOTEXAY
AGEXCY, BRITISH COLUilBIA.
Bands.— The following bands are included in this agency: Arrow Lake, Lower
Columbia Lake, Lower Kootenay, Shuswap or Kinbasket's, St. Mary's and Tobacco
Plains.
Occupations. — The principal occupations followed by the Indians in this agency
are farming, stock raising, freighting, hunting, fishing and trapping. A number find
employment as farm labourers in the several sections of the agency. The Lower
Kootenay Indians are employed around the Kootenay lake and at Creston, picking and
crating fruit for the markets of Alberta and Saskatchewan, and are considered pro-
ficient at their work.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — The Indians are fairly well supplied with
these, and, as a rule, place them under cover when not in use.
Buildings. — Frame structures are taking the place of the old log buildings that
were first erected. These are fairly well ventilated and lighted.
Health and Sanitation. — During the past year the health of the Indians has been
very good. Every precaution has been taken to keep their dwellings in a sanitary
condition, and they are beginning to realize that this is important in order to keep
away disease. The only serious illness consisted of three cases of diphtheria at the
Kootenay industrial school; and prompt measures were taken to prevent the disease
spreading, and only in one case was it fatal.
Characteristics and Progress — The Indians of the agency are most industrious
and law-abiding, and are cultivating their several holdings with intelligence, and are
becoming in many cases proficient farmers, and I consider that they have made a fairly
good showing for the past few years.
Temperance and Morality. — The majority of the Indians are moral, law-abiding,
and temperate, and keep up their reputation as such. Every effort has been made to
stop the use of intoxicants amongst the young men, and a marked improvement is
noticed.
General Remarks. — The winter of 1915-16 has been one of the coldest that we have
experienced in the agency for many years, with the result that the loss both in cattle
and horses has been very great, and will be a great setback and a hardship to these
Indians for many years to come. Although the prices of furs have improved, the
Indians were unable to do much trapping, owing to the very great snowfall, and were
constantly employed during the winter feeding and caring for their stock. An
improvement is noted in the lumbering industry, which it is hoped will continue and
which will benefit the Indians to a very great extent, as some of them find employment
in connection with logging.
REPORT OF W. M. ILVLLIDAY, IXDIAX AGEX^T FOR THE KWAWKEWLTH
AGEXCY, BRITISH COLUMBIA-
Tribe or Xation. — The Indians of this agency belong to the Kwawkewlth and
Lackwiltack or Yucaltaw nations, but the language is the same throughout the entire
agency.
Bands. — The following bands are included in this agency: Koskemo, Klaskino,
Klawatsis, Mutilpi, Kwatsino, Kwashela, Kwawkewlth, Kwiahkah, Mamalillikulla,
Xakwakto, Ximkish, Xuwitti, Tanakteuk or Knight Inlet, Tsawataineux or Kingcome
Inlet, Wawlitsum or Salmon River, Wewayakay or Cape Mudge, and Wewayakum or
Campbell River. These all live in fifteen principal villages.
Health and Sanitation. — During the past year while there was no epidemic, the
deaths exceeded the births by seventeen. The majority of the deaths were confined
to old people. Amongst the children or younger people tuberculosis claimed several
victims.
REPORTS OF IXDIAN AGEXTS 89
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
The Indians naturally are careless and indifferent about sanitary arrangements,
although quite clean in their own persons. On the occasion of visits from the agent,
each village is inspected and the Indians are advised to clean up their premises,
and particularly warned to throw all offal into the sea. The water-supply for all the
villages is pure and wholesome.
Occupations. — The principal occupation of all the Indians in this agency is fish-
ing. During the canning season the larger majority go to the various canneries.
Their earnings during the past year, owing to the length of the season, were above the
average. In the spring, commencing about April 10, the oulachon fish run in the rivers
at Kingcome Inlet and Knight Inlet, and large quantities are caught; but at present
the only use made of them is for the oil, which is extracted and boiled, and forms an
article of commerce amongst themselves.
During the past year, owing to the depression in the lumber market, very little
logging was done. One camp was run by the Indians at Port Neville, but, owing to
the poor state of the log market, they made very poor wages over and above expenses.
Buildings. — Only a small percentage of the buildings in this agency are modern
or comfortable. Most of the houses are large barn-like shacks, built of split cedar
boards, and heated and lighted by a large bon-fire in the centre. These buildings have
only earth for the floor, the smoke finds its way out partly through a hole left in the
centre of the roof, and partly through the crevices. A noticeable percentage of the
Indians after reaching about fifty years of age have eye troubles, seriously affecting
the sight, and it is thought that the continued living in this smoke while wholesome
in other ways affects the eyes.
Characteristics and Progress. — As a class the Indians in this agency are indolent,
and lack all desire for steady employment. They commence any operation with great
zest, but the interest soon flags, and after a short time it is difficult to get them to do
anything. This is one reason assigned ly employers of labour for not engaging Indians
excepting for short jobs.
On the whole they are peaceful and law-abiding. They have wordy quarrels over
their own tribal customs, but very rarely do they resort to blows. The work amongst
them is not encouraging, owing to the lack of progress and advancement, but, there are
occasional glimpses of a desire to do better which keep one from altogether becoming
a pessimist.
Temperance and Morality. — In regard to the liquor evil it may be confidently
-rated that it is almost eradicated. There have been very few convictions during the
jiast year against Indians for having intoxicants or against other people for supplying.
During the canning season the Chinese at the various canneries require to be watched,
but, at many of the canneries, the managers have a penalty clause in their contracts
with the Chinamen, which has done a great deal to eliminate this evil.
With regard to morality, it may be stated that the code of ethics amongst the
Indians is quite different from that of the whites. Their marriage laws are very lax,
and they never wait for the formality of a legal divorce, before marrying again, if it
can be called marriage at all. In some of the villages the younger men are beginning
to realize the necessity of purity and virtue, and improvement can be noticed in these
villages.
REPORT OF H. GRAHAM. IXDIAX AGENT FOR LYTTON AGENCY,
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
SALISII TRIBE OR NATION.
Bands. — The following bands belong to this tribe: Cheam, Squawtits, Ohamil,
Popcum, Union Bar, Skawahlook, Hope, Yale, and Seabird or Maria Island.
Occupations. — The chief occupations of these Indians are farming, fishing, hop-
picking, a small amount of trapping, lumbering and a little labouring.
90 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAy AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
In farming they are improving year by year; but as for labouring, there is very
little of this, as it becomes scarcer everj^ year.
During the past year very few Indians worked in the canneries owing to two rea-
sons: firstly, the smaller run of fish, and secondly, the great influx of Japanese, who
have altogether superseded the Indians.
Many of the Indian women go in a great deal for basket-making, and have been
in the habit of deriving a considerable income-from this source.
On some of the reserves market gardening is followed, and of this they are making
a fairly good success.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — On the whole, the members of these bands are
not too well supplied with implements, but they are fast collecting more and more,
some of which are well taken care of, being kept under cover when not in use.
On a few of the reserves they are provided with the very latest improved farm
implements, whic'h are made good use of.
Buildings. — On the whole, the buildings belonging to these bands may be con-
sidered fairly good, some of them having very nice, modern houses built on more up-
to-date plans, the majority of which are frame buildings consisting of several rooms.
The older type of Indian dwellings is becoming practically extinct in this part
of the agency.
Earns, stables and outhouses are in most cases sufficient for the requirements,
some of the Indians having nice, large barns, which they require in this wet climate.
Health and Sanitation. — I think that I can say that the health of the Indians thia
year has been very good, there having been no contagious diseases of any description
outside of consumption, which is prevalent amongst all these Indians.
Sanitary arrangements are gradually becoming improved and the Indians are
beginning to realize the great advantage it is to them to look after these.
I notice where there are ex-pupils from the different schools they are having a
great effect upon these conditions on the different reserves.
During the past season hop-picking the health of the Indians was very satisfactory,
and with strict police super^'ision the sanitary arrangements were well carried out.
Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians on the whole have been working more
industriously and are showing the result of this on their farms, but the amount earned
by outside labour has been less, owing to the scarcity of work this past season, and
the Indian has not as yet learned to look ahead and prepare for a rainy day. The
consequence is that there has been a great deal of hardship this past winter on this
account owing to the exceptionally severe weather.
There are the variable Indians to be found, of course, those who work by fits and
starts; but on the whole they can be classed as industrious and progressive. They are
also most peaceable and law-abiding when left alone and not incited by the usual sort
of white agitators.
Temperance and Morals. — Although many of the Indians are striving very hard
to suppress the liquor traffic, there are always a few to be found who will drink liquor
when they can get it, still on the whole I think these Indians can be termed fairly
temperate and moraL Amongst them are a few half-breeds who invariably tend to
lead others astray in the whisky line and also carry a few of the women away to other
reserves.
THOMPSON^ LILLOOET AXD SHUSWAP TRIBES OR XATIONS.
Bands. — These tribes are comprised of the following bands: Spuzzum, Boston
Bar, Boothroyds^ Kanaka Bar, Siska, Skuppah, Lytton, Anderson Lake, Seton Lake,
Cayoose Creek INo. 1, Cayoose Creek No. 2, Lillooet, Bridge River, Fountain, Pavilion,
High Bar, and Clinton.
Occupations. — The principal occupation of the Indians of these tribes is farming,
with a little stock-raising and trapping.
EEPORTS OF lyDIAX AGEXTS 91
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
On the whole there has been a very considerable improvement shown in the farming
during the past year; there being practie^illy no outside work to be had, the Indians
have had to put all their energies onto the land and I am glad here to be able to report
that the prize offered by the department for the best farm in the agency was won by
Frank Mitchell, an Indian of the Bridge River band, who obtained the highest number
of marks obtained by any Indian in British Columbia.
This past year was an exceptionally good one for beans, and the Indians alone
raised no less than ten carloads, for which they obtained a very good price.
Trapping has been resorted to with verj* fair results this past winter.
Fishing for their own consumption was very much restricted last season owing to
the stringent regulations placed upon Indians and the small run of fish in the river.
The result of this was that a great number of Indians obtained very small catches,
consequently their winter supply ran out very early, causing great hardship amongst
them, which became doubly hard owing to the great severity of the weather.
Besides the scarcity of salmon, a great number of Indians had their potatoes
frozen.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — The Indians of these bands are very well
supplied with farm implements, of which they take very good care, though of course
there are some occasional instances where tools have not the care taken of them that
they should have.
Each year sees better and more improved up-to-date farm implements being
brought in amongst them, as they are realizing the great benefit these are to them.
They are also using more implements worked by horses, doing work that up to the
last few years was always done by hand.
Buildings. — The buildings of the Indians in these districts mostly consist of the
old frame dwellings of the one and two room type, but this past year has seen several
modern frame buildings built, which the Indians take an interest in keeping painted
and clean.
Barns and stables, of a better type, are on the increase.
Health and Sanitation. — Generally speaking, I think the health of the Indians
has been up to the average this pasc year.
There was a small outbreak of typhoid fever in the Lillooet district, but by strict
supervision on the part of the doctor, it did not spread very far.
The majority of the bands are taking a much keener interest in the appearance
and cleanliness of their premises, which has a great deal to do with the health of the
Indians on the whole; but I regret to have to report that the very severe weather
xix^rienced this past winter seemed to have a very bad effect on the older Indians, as
:uite a number of them have passed away.
Characteristics and Progress. — Most of the Indians are intelligent and industrious
and are making very good progress along the lines of civilij^ation.
Great improvement is shown in mixed farming and fruit-growing. They are
realizing more fully the importance of cultivating their land properly. In many
instances they are working at a great disadvantage owing to the fact that there is no
access to their reserves excepting by horse trail; everything must be packed on
horseback a great number of miles and then canoed across the Fraser river.
Taking these bands as a whole, they may be classed as verj- industrious and law-
-abiding.
Temperance and Morality. — As a rule these Indians are temperate.
A few of the younger generation have shown an inclination for drink, but since
the easy means of obtaining liquor, through the foreign element brought into this
'ountry by railway -building, has gone, the number of eases of intoxication has
diminished and the morality of the Indians generally has gone up.
General Remarks. — The summer of 1915 showed a decided improvement in the
general progress of the Indians throughout the agency; but the winter of 1915 and
1916 has been one of the coldest and worst on record. Horses and cattle have suffered
92 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
very much in consequence and in very many cases the Indians have lost potatoes
and other roots, owing to the fact that the frost got into their root-houses and cellars.
The fur industry has picked up somewhat this past winter, and the prices received
have been a little above the average ; but, owing to the depth of the snow, the Indians
in many instances have had great difficulty and hardship in visiting their traps.
Industries in the district have been very limited, but at the present time a large
number of the Indians are employed on the railway, which employment however will
not last more than a very short time.
REPORT OF CHARLES CLIFTON PERRY, INDIAN AGENT FOR NASS
AGENCY, BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Bands. — This agency comprises the following groups of bands : the Nishga group,
which comprehends the Gitlakdamiks, Aiyansh, Kitwilluchsilt (or Gwinoha), Lak-
kalzap and Kincolith bands, of the Nass River; and the Tsimpshean group, which is
composed of the Port Simpson, Metlakatla, Port Essington and Kitsumkalum bands,
whose reserves are in the neighbourhood of and on the Skeena river.
Occupations. — These Indians are handymen, and are nomadic. They seem to be
able to adapt themselves to almost any kind of manual employment. Essentially, they
are fishermen, hunters and trappers; but when they are not following their more
common pursuits, they engage in boat-building, carpentry, marine engineering, freight-
ing, net, basket and souvenir making. Some are good artists, and others are store-
keepers and preachers. They are enthusiasts as evangelists.
Usually they are very industrious, but are not adepts at keeping alive industries
such as business partnerships, saw-mill or fish-packing enterprises.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — With the exception of a few ploughs, these
Indians do not make use of these.
Buildings. — These continue to improve from year to year, and there is great com-
petition in the matter of home-building. The houses in use by the greater part of the
Indian jKtpulation are of modern design. There is usually a lack of completeness
about them, however, which suggests a promise of a comfortable home when circum-
stances will admit. The nomadic pursuits of the Indians forbid the home touches
of lawns and flower beds, such as grace the homes of the white people under favourable
conditions. For this reason it is common to find a modernly built home surrounded
with weeds and wild growth of many kinds.
Some of the Indians take considerable pride and care in the growth of flowers, and
beauty of their premises, but these are not in the majority.
The Indian settlements, as a rule, appear quite modern and are pleasing to look
at. The old style of Indian house is fast disappearing, in fact, there are very few
left — I believe, only four in the whole agency.
Health and Sanitation. — While the agency has been free from epidemics, a case
cf measles is under quarantine in Metlakatla at the time of this writing. So far seven
days have elapsed since the rash appeared. No new cases have developed. The neigh-
bouring city of Prince Rupert is at present emerging from an epidemic of two hundred
cases of measles. It is surprising that the Indian villages have not all been affected.
Efforts have been successfully made to keep as many Indians as possible away from
the city during the epidemic.
Numerous cases of tubercular disease have been under treatment at the hospitals.
I have lectured with the aid of a lantern and slides on the subjects of tuberculosis
and venereal diseases in all the villages of the agency during the year. The medical
officers of the department have presided where possible at the lectures, and if is
believed that good results will follow.
JRFPORTS OF lyiUAX AGEyTS 93
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
The Indians of the agency are, generally, well sen-ed with medical attention and
treatment by the department. In addition to the medical officers in the work three
field matrons now minister to the Indians' needs; their inllueuce is far-reaching and
helpful.
It is pleasing to find on every hand evidences of the realisation by the Indians of
the effectiveness of reasonable measures and precautions for the prevention of disease
and the aciuisitiou of better conditions of sanitation. Indian mothers take better caro
of their children at childbirth, and eye troubles are less numerous. Many Indians
burn rubbish that would otherwise become the habitat of fly pests. Attention is given
to the open window and lighter homes as safeguards against the spread of tuberculosis.
Some shopkeepers forbid spitting on the floors of their shops. Many homes are kept
beautifully clean by frequent cleanings.
Characteristics and Progress. — The progress of the Great War has been instru-
mental in bringing about an era of economical resourcefulness on the part of Indians
as well as on the part, of the white people. The cost of living being higher, and the
fur trade bad, has given them a better sense of the value of money, so that they no
longer throw their money away on unnecessary things. I find the Indians very indus-
trious and law-abiding, and they are, generally, self-supporting. They have passed
the hardest winter known to any of the Indians here with the least assistance in the
way of relief supplies.
The Great War has also afforded an opportunity to the Indians to express their
loyalty. It is with considerable pleasure that I am able to inform the department of
the manner in which the Indians have responded to the appeals of the Canadian
Patriotic and Red Cross funds. The Tsimpsheans, in particular, have contributed
most liberally to these fimds. A Port Simpson Indian woman made thirty pairs of
socks to aid the Red Cross movement. The band also contributed several small sums
of money as well as gffts of socks and comforts for the soldiers.
The Metlakatla band, in addition to a gift of $140 in cash to aid the Canadian
Patriotic Fund, has contributed $1,000 from its trust account to the Canadian Red
Cross. In addition to this, some of the most useful and pretty basketry, doilies, table
centres, etc., have been made and given for the Red Cross movement.
From other parts of the agency I expect to receive shortly boxes of gifts, such as
basketry, mats, socks, etc., as contributions to a sale of work to be held at Prince Rupert
during Easter week in aid of the Canadian Red Cross. No better expressions of loyalty
and fealty can be expected than have already been manifested by these Indians.
Half-breed Indians to the number of seven, connected with the reserves of the
agency, have joined the overseas forces and are at present in England, en route to the
front.
The usual difiiculties of the Indians in the matter of obtaining employment obtain
in the agency. Many of them are carpenters, but there is very little work for them and
they are thrown back upon the reserve life.
Temperance and Morality. — The year has passed with but little drinking amongst
the Indians on record. They have been exceptionally temperate. As to their morals,
they make good showing side by side with an equal number of the white race.
General Remarks. — I have visited all the reserves of the agency during the year,
and have held meetings with and otherwise inter\'iewed the Indians in their reserves
and homes. I am pleased to be able to report that the Indians are making splendid
progress in the ways of civilisation, their interest in which becomes more intelligent
year by year.
The Royal Commission on Indian Affairs for the Province of British Columbia
visited all the principal reserves and met the Indians, gave them a full and patient
hearing in all matters appertaining to their affairs, and was received graciously by the
Indians everywhere.
94 DEPARTMEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
REPORT OF PETER BYRXE, INDIAN AGENT FOR NEW WESTMINSTER
AGENCY, BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Tribe or Nation. — All the Indians of this agency belong to the Salish nation.
The majority of them speak English and Chinook, as well as their own particular
dialect.
Bands. — The following bands are included in this agency: those in Chilliwack
district, on Howe sound, Burrard inlet, and Squamish river; Chehalis and Scowlitz,.
Coquitlam, Douglas, and Skookumchuck, Samahquam and Pemberton Meadows;
Ilomalco aiid Ivlahoose, Katzie, Langley and Whonnoc; Musqueam, Matsqui, New
Westminster, Nicomen and Skweaham, Semiamu, Sechelt, Sumas, Sliammon, and
Tsawsvassen.
Healfli and Sanitation. — With few exceptions, the health of these Indians has been
good. Many of them, however, were laid up with grippe in the winter ; but with the
advent of spring the disease disappeared. One case of smaU-pox broke out in St.
Mary's Mission boarding school. The patient was promptly isolated and all the pupils
in attendance were vaccinated. The building was quarantined, and the disease stamped,
out before it had time to spread. Sanitary conditions are good.
Occupations. — The chief occupations of these Indians are fishing, hop-picking,
farming, and gardening. A great many of them also work in the canneries during
the fish-canning season, and others work for their white neighbours as farm-hands.
Many of the women are expert basket-makers, and derive a considerable income from
this source.
Dwellings. — The Indians in this agency, generally speaking, take a pride in their
houses, nearly all of which are good frame structures, and kept clean and neat.
Stock. — The majority of the Indians raise stock, which as a rule is well cared for ;
but, owing to the long cold winter, for which they were not prepared, some of their
animals suffered from want of food, and others died from exposure.
Farm Implements. — The Indians of this agency are well supplied with the neces-
sary farm implements, which are well taken care of, and kept under cover when not
in use.
Characteristics and Progress. — Most of the Indians are intelligent and industrious
and making good progress along the lines of civilization. They are also law-abiding.
Temperance and Morality. — 'The Indians of this agency are both temperate and
moral, with a few exceptions. Generally speaking, they give material assistance in the
suppression of the liquor traffic ; but there are a few who will get whisky whenever they
possibly can do so.
General Remarks. — Through the influence of education the Indians are making
steady progress along the lines of civilization. They are adapting themselves to the
white man's methods of cultivating the soil, and raising stock. A number of them
are excellent farmers, and their crops in many instances compare favourably with those
of their white neighbours.
Of late years the Indians seem to take a decided interest in fruit-growing, and the
fruit-trees supplied by the department are a great incentive to them to continue along
this line.
REPORT OF J. ROBERT BROWN, INDIAN AGENT FOR OKANAGAN
AGENCY, BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of this agency belong to the Salish tribe or nation.
They are called Chinook Indians, speaking natively two distinct dialects, — Shuswap
and Okanagan.
Bands.— The following bands are included in this agency: Rpallumcheen. Okana-
gan or N'Kamaplix, Penticton, Osoyoos, Skemeequankin, Ashnola, and ChuChu
Wayha.
RKH)liTS OF IMUAN AGEXTS 95
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians in this agency has been good
during the past year. There are, however, cases of blindness and consumption. The
.sanitary conditions are not all that could bo desired, but the Indians are improving
in this respect, and love to live in tents during the summer months.
Occupations. — 'General farming aaid stock-rai.sing are the chief occupations of the
I iidians, with hunting, fishing and fruit-growing as side issues.
Farm Implemen.ts. — Almost all the bands are supplied with the requisite farm
implements.
Euildings.-^Considerable improvement has taken place in recent years in the
houses of the Indians in all the bands, some very fine frame and one cement house
having been erected. There is also improvement in the outbuildings.
Stock. — The majority of the Indians raise stock. Some very fine horses and
cattle are found on the reserves, the sires being pedigreed.
Characteristics and Progress. — Most of the Indians are intelligent and industrious
and are making steady progress, especially in stock raising. They are peaceable and
law-abiding.
Temperance and Morality. — Although there is some drinking among the Indians,
particularly around the towns, on the whole they can be classed as temperate.
General Remarks. — The Indians, in spite of good crops last year, found that the
price of grain and roots in the fall was less than half the amount they paid for their
seed in the spring, and were inclined to be discouraged thereby, for they found they
were barely able to pay off their indebtedness; but, owing to lack of demand for out-
side help, they are beginning to realize that they must depend more and more on their
land and the necessity of having stock, for most of them have plenty of unused pasture-
land, which only needs fencing. They also have some of the finest arable land in the
province of British Columbia, and all it needs is thorough cultivation and manure to
raise enormous crops. ^lixed farming ought to be the mainstay of the Indians in
these valleys, for cattle and pigs at the present time are in great demand, and prices
for beef and pork are exceptionally high. The Indians are beginning to realize as
never before the value of their meadows for hay and winter feed, and are on the look-
out for summer pasture for their cattle, especially in the Similkameen vallej'.
I am glad to be able to state that the Indians in spite of inherent weaknesses and
many temptations are making an honest effort to better their conditions, and in some
cases are competing successfully with white men.
REPORT OF THOMAS DEASY, IXDIAN AGENT FOR QUEEN CHARLOTTE
AGENCY, BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Bands. — The two large bands of Indians on Queen Charlotte islands are known as
the Massetts and Skidegates, and are located on Graham island, the largest of the group
f islands on the shores of Hecate straits. Before the location of the boundary line
between the United States and Canada, the Hydah Indians crossed over to Prince of
Wales island, and a number of the same tribe located there. We had a visit, last
year, from fifty-five of the American Ilydahs now permanently located at Ilydaburg,
Alaska, and had the opportunity to meet with Indians who live under another form
of government, and an opportunity to compare the Indians of the same nation who
liave been granted the privileges of citizenship, and who are, practically, independent
't government control. They remained, at ]\[assett, almost a month, and my experience
v.ith them proved that they are no further advanced than the Indians of this agency.
A number of them read, write and speak the English language, and they were met
by Indians who addressed them in the same tongue. They brought three large
launches, flying the American flags. Our Indians met them with a uniformed brass
band, and the Union Jack was flying before the houses of our prominent Indians,
in places where, a short time ago, the "totem" poles of the hereditary chiefs stood.
96 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
The former, so-called, " Head Hunters of the Pacific " met, as they did last year, their
former enemies, the Tsimpshean band, and showed the marked improvement since Con-
federation. The chief councillor addressed them iu English, and there was little to
show that it was not a gathering of whites, welcoming to a town, modern in all its
surroundings, in place of the small villages, where they formerly met, to sail out to
raids on their neighbouring Indians. Fifty years ago these Indians were the " terrors
of the North " ; to-day they are the most advanced on the whole coast of North
America. The change can only be comprehended by those who have associated with
these Indians for half a century. It is the most remarkable circumstance in the
history of British Columbia.
There is much still for the Indian to learn before he will take his place as one of
the equals of our race; but there is no doubt that the Hydah nation is ambitious to
become a part of the British nation, freed from wardship, and capable of exercising
the franchise, on this side of the line, as their brethern are on United States territory.
Individually, a large percentage of them read and write. They take a keen interest
in everything that goes on around them. Their internal aifairs are managed by coun-
cils, elected annually, and working under by-laws, approved by the department. They
have their churches, town halls, good streets, presentable residences, wharves, brass
bands, gasoline launches, row-boats, cattle, horses, and all modern improvements,
including water-works. When at their home towns, the school-houses are filled with
pupils, and they are asking for a boarding school, to which they guarantee to send
every eligible girl and boy. They all dress well, and the able-bodied Indian asks for
no relief, earning a living for himself and his family.
Health and Sanitation. — It is pleasing to state that there are indications of
suppressing the dread disease, consumption, among the Indians. It has been asserted
by medical men that tuberculosis will carry off the Indians, and there has been marked
inroads made by consumption. Sanitary laws are hard to enforce in Indian settle-
ments; but the death-rate is steadily falling off, which is proof that there is hope of
saving the race. In past years, the Indians depended on the rain water, from the tops
of building, for home consumption. Our Indians now have water-works, from which
they obtain the very best water. An attack of chicken-pox, which was introduced
through visitors from outside places, troubled a few of the children. A strict quar-
antine was imposed, and the disease was stayed. Fish offal is now buried, or thrown
below high water mark. The towns are cleaned up, regularly, by the councils, and a
large number of shacks were removed, the whole of the inhabitants, on one occasion,
turning out and making firewood, not only of the old buildings, but also of their
"totem" poles. The death-rate decreased almost one-half, from the returns of last
year. Both the Massetts and Skidegates have an increasing birth-rate. Of course,
tuberculosis cannot be eradicated in a day, a month, or a year ; but there is a way, and
when the Indian looks upon this disease as he does small-pox, and other dread diseases,
the change will come. I have been advocating the removal of the young and healthy
children to boarding schools. "We must either remove the sick from the healthy or
the healthy from the sick. A house full of children in which one is suffering from
tuberculosis is a menace to all. I have seen Indians carrying their consumptives to
entertainments some of them in the last stages. I understand that thirty per cent of
the Indians die from consumption. The disease is, without doubt, doing a great deal of
harm among the Massetts and Skidegates; but we are fighting it to the best of our
ability, under conditions that are none too favourable.
Occupations. — The Massetts and Skidegates are fishermen. It is safe to state
that they catch over $100,000 worth of fish, annually, for shipment to the*outside
world. At the trolling grounds, and on the rivers, they work from April until August
in each year. The remainder of the time, they do little or nothing, outside of gather-
ing their own winter fish, obtaining wood, and building their own boats. Recently
new industries have started, which will engage a number of men. A number have
JREPORTS OF INDIAN AGENTS 97
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
taken out logging licenses, and are cutting timber for the mills. It is diflicult to
obtain for them areas of timber-land. There are hundreds of thousands of acres of
timber-lands on these islands; but when we applied for a few limits, for the Indiana,
we were met by the statement that the timber limits are too valuable for logging. It
would be advisable for the department to obtain timber limits for the Indians. They
have a very restricted area now as Indian reserves. On their reserves there is some
timber; but the Indians will retiuire thi^, in the future, for firewood, and for their
own use as lumber. The Indians of Massett, and Skidegate are good boat builders.
For the first time they have received an order to build boats for a cannery, on which
several of the men are now working. Some Indians own gasoline launches, which are
employed during the fishing season. An oilery, owned by an Indian company at
Skidegate, has been leased for a term of five years. Indians will be employed there,
catching dogfish, and extracting oil from the carcasses. The women are the principal
gardeners. They prepare small gardens, before the fishing season, and grow vegetables
for winter use. The women and children work in the canneries, for about two months,
and the whole family make enough to carrj' them through the winter. It is to be
hoped that there will be work for the Indians, during the winter months. What they
make in the summer they spend during the winter. Few of them have any money
when the spring opens up. They are willing to work at all seasons of the year; but
the way of things in this agency is that there is little or nothing to do at certain
seasons. The white workingmen leave the island during the winter, seeking work
outside. The Indian remains, and passes the time doing little or nothing. The last
year was one in which a number of the men endeavoured to fish the year round; but
weather conditions, and a few failures, disheartened them. We expect that a cannery
on the island will commence operations ."shortly, which will give work to all. It has
been a very hard winter, and the Indians felt it keenly; but there was no general
destitution, and no able-bodied Indians applied for relief.
Buildings. — The Skidegates erected a number of new residences, and all of them
are substantial buildings. They take a pride in erecting good cottages, and are learn-
ing to furnish them with modern furniture. In fact, the Skidegate Indians have
homes that are models of cleanliness, and they deserve credit for many improvements
that are seldom noticeable in towns inhabited by Indians. Many of them have musical
instruments, carpeted floors, kitchen ranges, and all the conveniences of modern
dwellings. The Massetts did not construct many new houses. They made an improve-
ment as good, in tearing down all the old shacks, along the waterfront, formerly
occupied as dwellings, and in removing the signs of former times, the " totem " poles.
It was customary for the chiefs to have large cedar poles in front of their houses, on
w^hich were carved the figures of animals and birds. Since the introduction of the
councils, the Indians are doing away with old ideas and customs. The former chiefs
are no longer the official heads of the band. In place of the " totem " pole, they have
erected flagstaffs, from which they float the British flag. If all Indians disposed of
the " totem " poles, and the hereditary chiefs were eliminated, it would go a great way
towards suppressing the " potlach " and the " feast ". Usually, the chief assumed the
position of head man of the village, which position he retained, whether he was the
best, or the most non-progressive of the Indians. The annual election gives the Indians
the opportunity to select their own chief councillor, and council, and the greatest step,
among progressive Indians, has been the entire disposal of customs that never would
'o beneficial.
Stock. — The unprecedented winter, with snow and storms, has been the cause of
a great deal of suffering to the animals. It caught the Indians unprepared, in a
country where it has been the boast of Indians and whites that cattle can feed outside
the year round. Many imported hay and grain; but the cattle will have a hard time,
even yet. It was apparent that some of the Indians should not own cattle, and we
endeavoured to bring those to task who neglected their animals. A number have been
27— ii— 7
98 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
killed, and the meat soM. The Skidegates imported hay, and turned their boat-
houses into shelters. A few of the Massetts fed their cattle; but the majority roamed,
and they were difficult to find, in the snow., and hiding away in the bush. We are
feeding all that we possibly can, and are endeavouring to show the Indians that there
is a ijaying side, in supporting their stock, as well as treating the animals in a proper
way. These islands are not suitable, at present, for raising fodder, and nearly all the
settlers are importing food for their stock. The Indians are, usually, away during
the harvest season, and made little provision; but they will take notice of the lesson
of this winter.
Farm Implements. — The Massetts and Skidegates are not farmers. They have
few farm implements, only those used in working small gardens. Before proceeding
to the fishing grounds, they seed a small piece of land, and gather the vegetables after
their return from fishing.
Characteristics and Progress. — The introduction of town councils, working under
approved by-laws, appears to show improvement in many ways. The residents take
an interest in the elections, and the proceedings, and the agent has an authorized body
of men to consult, when business of local interest is to be transacted. It is noticeable
that the Indians elect some of the best of their bands as councillors. Fortunately,
they understand all that is said ; they study the by-laws, and are in favour of improv-
ing things. They even want to go further than the by-laws allow. It is sometimes
problematical whether the Indian should have the same liberty that is given the
Hydahs of Alaska. We have men capable of exercisiug the franchise, who can read
and write, and understand the aifairs of the country as well, if not better, than many
foreign voters, who have been naturalized. If the Department should consider the
question of enfranchising the Indian, the Hydahs, would be a model band to first
prove the advancement of the aborigines. There is no doubt that they are not content
with being wards of the Government. They are ambitious, and are looking ahead,
and wondering why they have not the same privileges with men who have no interest
in the country. They have all the qualifications necessary — not as a band — but indi-
vidually, among the educated Indians. They feel that the Indian Act requires amend-
ment, in many ways, and they shoi;ld be privileged to take up pre-emptions, and give
up community life. There is no disguising the fact that the Indian young man is
willing to fall back, in many instances, to the life that means fishing in the summer,
and doing little, or nothing in the winter. The girls look for a home, with the sur-
roundings they have been brought up in. The eligible young men are few, and a
great number have no homes of their own. There is a custom, among the Indians, j
of the friends and relatives selecting the bride. and groom. In some cases, unhappy
marriages are the result. If the girl does not mai-ry, what is there for her to do but
to return to the old home, where the elderly people talk the language of the tribe, and
where she must again take her place as a helper. She is then taken to the cannery,
where nothing good is learned, and many fall away. In many cases, the educated
Indian girl is the prey of white men, who have, in many instances, only evil intentions.
The girls come back home, with different ideas from those of the older people.
They desire to show that they are out of the rut that the Indian of former days
occupied. Education has been given them, to better their condition in life, and whati
is there for them in an Indian Village? Some have married well; others have fallen, — '
and the older Indians wonder whether it is best to keep their children at home, and
give them the ordinary day school education, where they will not absorb ideas and
ideals above their station in life. It is but a step from the Indian life to the ways of
the whites, — and back again. An Indian has all the racial proclivities that we have,
and will always look for the freedom from mannerisms and customs that we exhibit.
They are not dependents, and appear to have a great deal of freedom of speech and
manner that we would consider unusual. Although the Indians are wards, they often
show that they can go where they like, and say what they please. If they have employ-
ment, and feel aggrieved at anything, away they go, and care little about another
I
SEPORTS OF INDIAN AGENTS 99
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
position. In many eases, when you oifend one, the whole band has a grievance. Year
after year goes on, and we report on their condition ; but it is improvement we desire.
The Indians of this agency, we chum, are different from the hirge majority of Indians
in the province. They are all under certain laws and restrictions, which some con-
sider are only for what are called the *' blanket Indians." Where bands of Indians
liuild towns, have councils, speak English, and where they conduct their own affairs,
as the whites do, they claim that some other form of government should be applied
to them than that given to tlie ignorant Indians, living along the Cua.>^t, in shacks and
making no efforts to improve. They ask: ''Why are we educated? What are our
prospects for the future?". They also say " Our American Ilydahs, just across the
boundary line, are no better able to care for themselves than we are ; yet they have the
franchise, and are not as children and wards." In my opinion, there are many Indians
capable of caring for themselves, who should not be under the protection of the depart-
ment. They associate with the whites : are as shrewd, in business dealings, as we are,,
and are well able to care for themselves. The older Indians are not fitted for self-
uovernment ; but the Indians under forty years of age are all capable of caring for
themselves, in this neighbourhood, and it is pleasing to note that the Deputy Superin-
tendent-General, in his last amiual report, states that the ultimate aim of the depart-
ment is to enfranchise the Indian. With the population now in Canada, the Indian
voter would not carry the influence that would have meant so much a few years ago.
Tlie educated Indian realizes the responsibilities of government; and the difference in
tribes, and languages, makes one band independent of the other. The Indians of this
.igency have iiot offered themselves to take a place in the forces now under training
"r at the front. They have not shown any disloyalty, and are eager to hear of the
-access of the Allies; but no effort was made to induce them to leave their homes, and
rake up arms. They would be very useful, for home defence, and I feel sure that
t very able-bodied man would join the colours, in defence of Canada. The Indians of
this agency have been isolated from the scenes of preparedness, and hardly realize
tlie immensity of the struggle now in progress. Although they met many foreigners,
at the fishing grounds. I have been assured that they, one and all, arc loyal.
Temperance and Morality. — The fact that only one case of drunkenness appears
(<n the court list, during the whole year, shows that the Massetts and Skidegates, on
the islands, are a temperate people. When they visit the cities and towns, a few of
them have been known to obtain intoxicants; but it is a fact that the constable, Mr.
Hughes, who has been visiting the reserves, and who lives on the island, within a few
miles of the largest band, did not arrest one seller of intoxicating liquor, or arrest one
drunken man, during the year.
The question of morals is one that has given considerable difficulty. Some
Indians do not look upon the moral code of the whites as applicable to them. Their
rild marriage customs were different, and they retain many of the characteristics of
tlie ancient Indian, when it suits their purpose. Men leave their wives, and wives
''■:ive husbands, and they think. nothing of cohabiting with other Indians. The better
class of Indians, and the missionaries, are fighting this evil, which is the greatest
difficult.v we have to contend with. The historj' of our Indian tribes shows that each
had a different law regarding marriage, which might have been acceptable before the
advent of the Christian teachers; but, where we now have missionaries among the
Indians, the same law regarding marriage that we have for the whites should be
carried out.
In conclusion, permit me to thank the officials of the department in Ottawa, and
also in this agency, for the assistance given during the year. I will not specialize;
but can honestly state that all worked with one aim, the advancement of the people
under our care. As well as they can, the Indians of this agency also appreciate the
endeavours made for their benefit. There are times when the problem of managing
bands of Indians seems trying; but the petty difficulties give place to a measure of
27— ii— r*
100 DEPARTMEXT OF IX D I AX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
satisfaction, when we consider that we are dealing with people that knew little of
civilization, or Christianity, a few years ago. Their advancement has been phenom-
enal, and it is to be hoped that our efforts among them will also bear fruit, and tend
to better their condition and those who will follow in their footsteps.
REPORT OF W. SCOTT, SIMPSON, INDIAIs AGENT EOR STIKIXE
AGENCY, BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Bands — This agency comprises the following bands : Tahltans, of Telegraph Creek
and vicinity; Casca band, and Grahame Nomads, of McDames Creek; Liard band,
and Nelson nomads, of Liard Post; Atlin and Teslin Lake band.
Occupations. — All these bands hunt and trap for their living. The Tahltans and
a few of the Atlin band supplement this source of livelihood by engaging in other
occupations such as guiding big game hunters, working in pack trains, hay and wood
cutting, boating, mining, and freighting with dog teams; while a few are occasionally
employed at house-building and rough cari^enter work. A few of the Indians have
horses, which as a rule are employed by the merchants owning large pack trains.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — There is no farming done in this agency.
Buildings. — Most of the buildings on the Tahltan reserve are old, but of late
years a number of the band have purchased lots in the village of Telegraph Creek
and have erected good dwelling-houses, mainly of logs, well furnished inside with
lumber, and most of them are equipped with modern cook-stoves, sewing-machines,
washing-machines and imported furniture.
Health and Sanitation. — The general health of: the bands is good, there having
been no outbreak of any serious disease or epidemic of any infectious nature.
Characteristics and Progress. — All the Indians throughout this agency are law-
abiding. All are industrious with the exception of the Grahame and Nelson River
nomads, and have greatly improved in the last decade. The yoimger members of the
Tahltan, Teslin, Casca, and Liard bands speak English and as a rule are well dressed.
The Nelsons and Grahames have not had many opportunities of coming in contact
with the whites, and are consequently more backward than their more fortunate
neighbours. All are extravagant and spend their money on all sorts of luxuries and
expensive clothing.
Temperance and Morality. — The Indians of the Tahltan and Atlin bands are fond
of liquor and will pay any price to get it. There is always a certain element in every
floating population that is on the watch for such opportiinities and the Indians have
such a system of espionage in conjunction with these men as to defjy all efforts of the
constable to apprehend them. Once in a while they are caught, and the offenders are
heavily fined or imprisoned. Many escape who are wise enough to take the liquor far
away from the town before indulging in a carouse, but the fact remains that it is
getting harder for them to secure a supply, and we have every reason to hope that this
is the last year in which liquor can be purchased in this section of the province. There
are no liquor licenses granted in the territory to the east of Telegraph Creek, conse-
quently the interior Indians are unable to get a supply.
In the matter of morality, there is a marked change for the better, but there is
still room for improvement, which example alone can remedy.
REPORT OF W. J. McALLAN, INDIAN AGENT FOR STUART LAIvE
AGENCY, BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Bands — The following bands are within the jurisdiction of this agency, namely:
Blackwater, Burns Lake, Cheslatta, Decker Lake, Euchinico, Francois Lake, Eraser
Lake, Fort George, Grand Rapids, lOuskus, Maxim Lake, Nazco, North Tacla Lake,
1
i
reports; of IXDIAX AOEXTF! 101
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Pintoee, Stony Creek. Stella. Stuart Lake, Tatcee, T^islainli. Yaoutcee, Fort Connelly,
Fort Graham, MeLeod Lake. aTid Xaanee.
The twenty bands mentioned first may be said to be in the farminjr belt, and all
to a more or less extent till the land. The majority have stock of some kind. The
last four are semi-nomadic, livinpr mostly by hunting?. These have no stock of any
sort. Small grardens are jrenerally put in each sprinjr; but, from want of attention
durinjr the growing season, results are not very encourapinsr except at McLeod Lake,
where fair crops of potatoes are raised every year.
Occupations. — Trapping was undoubtedly the main support. Fur pric(!S were
good, and in the first part of the season animals were plentiful. Every Indian who
could set a trap or a snare was out many h'\g catches being made. Farming operations
were again very important, the area under cultivation being materially increased-
Stony Creek band in particular almost doubled its acreage under crop. These Indiana
easily hold first place as the most progressive in the agency. Stock-raising, particu-
larly in the south is receiving more attention, and I expect to see this develop into s
very important industry within the next few years.
It is really remarkable how suddenly has come the appreciation of cow's milk. In
some instances butter is made for home use. These food products coming into more
general use are having a beneficial effect on the health of children, among whom the
mortality rate has been low\
A small start has been made with chickens and hogs, which is very satisfactory.
Four years ago any one suggesting that these could be raised by Indians here would
have been laughed at. and indeed at that time on account of so many dogs being kept
it would have been impossible. However, the Indians are rapidly learning to appre-
ciate the value of food-producing animals, and in the south at any rate the dog's da.v
is over.
Odd jobs and outside labour were very hard to get, but indications are better for
the future.
Fishing also received great attention. A few years' ago fish was generally regarded
as the chief food-supply; it is being gradually supplanted by the ordinary foodstuffs
now readily procurable in the country.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — With the growth of agricultural pursuits, the
need of more farming implements is a natural sequence. Indians as a rule are ready
purchasers of farm implements. The commoner varieties are steadily coming into
use and are generally well cared for. The Euehinico band has a large shed where all
the tools, wagons, sleighs, etc., are put when not in use. Other bands have smallei
places where implements are cared for.
A very large number of garden tools also are used.
Buildings. — Dwellings are mostly of the one or two-room log cabin tyjx? of house.
At Fort George, however, the houses are all story and a-half frame buildings of from
three to five rooms. At Stony Creek an entire new village is in process of erection, the
old houses being removed as the new ones are ready for occupation.
Outbuildings, cattle and horse stables could be improved upon in many cases in
the matter of room and ventilation.
Health and Sanitation. — There were no epidemics of any kind, and health can be
considered satisfactory. Tubercular diseases in different forms are the main causes
of sickness.
The relation of sanitation to health is being better understood. Refuse and
garbage are now generall.y burned. A certain degree of improvement in all-round
personal and household cleanliness can be noticed, with still lots of room to progress
along the same lines.
Whitewashing the insides of dwellings is being tried in some of the Stuart Lake
villages, and results beneficial to health are expected.
102 DEPAETilEyr OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Characteristics and Progress. — Probably a greater degree of progress has been
attained during the past year than in any other. This can be attributed largely to a
general awakening. Six or eight years' contact with the white settlers has apparently
convinced the Indian that the white man's methods are the best, and he is going to
adopt them. He has discovered that there are a great many things he can do just as
well as a white man if he tries.
One need only look at the farming activities of the Stony Creek band or the well
kept fields, fences, implements and live stock of the Euchinico band to be convinced
that they possess most of the qualities and a good deal of the ambition necessary to
become successful farmers, and it is along these lines that their future efforts must
be directed. The farmers are the "progressives" and are becoming more numerous from
year to year. The condition of the Indians who simply hunt and trap remains more
or less stationary — this year they have been fairly prosperous, but as a rule they get
but a precarious existence.
Temperance and Morality. — ^With the exception of the Fort George band, whose
behaviour is not creditable in either respect, all the bands have a good record.
So far as general observance of the law is concerned, conditions could hardly be
better, as outside of liquor cases only two cases of petty theft came before the courts.
Of serious crimes or offences there were none.
General Eemarks. — The year's operations have been decidedly favourable. The
best of crop conditions prevailed and fair yields all round were secured. Prices for
farm products were low, but this removed the temptation to oversell stocks, ensuring
sufficient supplies of potatoes for the house and fodder for the animals. The winter
just ended will go on record as one of the severest ever experienced, yet live stock of
all kinds has come through in good condition.
The destiny of these people lies in farming. I regret that I have so little
time during the planting season to give practical instruction. The farm competition
instituted last season is along right lines. The Indians took a great interest and
there was quite a rivalry for first place.
The Indians are showing their adaptability for all branches of farming. No
sooner do they realize that the high prices ruling for hay and grain during railway
construction days are gone for good than they are turning their attention to stock-
raising, for which the southern part of the agency is well adapted.
Through the operations of the Eoyal Indian Commission adequate land provision
has been made for all the bands. This action has produced the greatest satisfaction
in that it has removed entirely the Indian's greatest grievance. It concedes him an
existence and furnishes a sure means of livelihood, of which I have, no doubt he will
fully avail himself.
REPORT OF CHAS. A. COX, IXDIAN AGENT FOR WEST COAST AGENCY,
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Bands. — The following bands are included in this agency: Ahousaht, Clayoquot,
Chaicclesaht, Ehattisaht, Hesquiat, Ilowchucklesit, Kilsemaht, Kyuquot, Matchilaht,
Mouchaht, Nitinaht, Noochatlaht, Ohiaht, Opitchesaht, Pacheenaht, Toquaht, Tseshaht,
and Ucluelet.
Occupations. — The chief occupations of these Indians are fishing, and sealing off
shore, and also working about the canneries, a few in the lumber mills, and others trap-
ping. Many. migrate annually to the United States to assist with the hop-picking;
others go to the Chilliwack district on the mainland for the same employment.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — There are only two ploughs amongst all the
bands.
REPORTS OF IXDIAX AGEXTS 103
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Buildings. — Many of the biiildings are only shacks, hut a lew really good build-
ings are spread over each reserve. At Ahousaht. Clayociuot and Xootka the Indians
have lined up their residences, and the settlements are consequently much more
symmetrii-al. The smoke houses in most cases have been removed to positions behind
the settlements. A commencement along these lines has also been made at Hesquiat.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians, with one or two exceptions —
mostly old people — has been very good. An attack of chicken-pox on the Ahousaht
reserve was reported, hut it was soon quelled. This was in February. On most of the
reserves the sanitation is good.
Characteristics and Progress. — The majority of the bands are making some pro-
_'«'ss, and are peaceable and law-abiding; but some of the banils are stationary.
Temperance and Morality. — As a rule the Indians in this agency are fairly tem-
IK'rate except when working at the canneries. The same remark may also be made
in regard to the morality of the bands.
KEPORT OF ISAAC OGDEX. INDIAN AGENT FOR WILLI.VMS LAKE
AGENCY, BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Bands. — The following bands comprised in my agency: Anaham, Alkali Lake,
Alexandria, Canoe Creek, Canim Lake, Dog Creek, Nemiah VaUey, Toosey, Red
Stone, Stone, Soda Creek, Quesnel, and Sugar Cane.
Occupations. — The occupations of these bands are : farming, stock-raising, freight-
ing, hunting and trapping; some work out for the whites, they are now mostly going
into farming and stock-raising. Quite a few trapped this winter and secured much
higher prices for their pelts than those of last season.
Farm Machinery and Implements. — Nearly all these Indians take good care of
their farm machinery and implements.
Buildings. — Their buildings are nearly all of log, but those that are going up now
are much better.
Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been fair. The only
epidemic prevalent during the year was whooping cough, and a few of them died of
consumption.
Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are becoming industrious. They
are law-abiding, with the exception of very few. The Indians on one or two of th^
reserves are getting richer.
Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate compared to what they were a
few years ago.
Their morality is good.
REPORT OF A. M. TYSON. INSPECTOR OF TNDT.\N AGENCIES. FOR
THE NORTHERN INSPECTORATE, BRITISH COLUMBIA.
BELLA COOL.\ .\GEXCY.
The Bella Coola agency extends from Rivers Inlet on the south to the Nass and
Babine agencies on the north, where it is bounded by the 54° north latitude. It
includes about 200 miles of coast line and islands adjacent thereto, running inland
and including the sources of the Bella Coola and Salmon rivers. It is under the
supervision of Indian Agent Fougner, and comprises the following villages: Bella
Coola. Bella Bella, Kimsquit. China Hat. Oweekayno, Hartley Bay. Kitkatla. Kitlope,
Llkatcho and Kitimat.
104 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Occupations. — Fishing is the principal industry, while during the canning season
manj' of the Indians find employment at the various canneries. The Indians of this
agency are also expert boat-builders, and own splendid gasoline launches, which are
of much assistance in travelling between the different reserves located near the water.
Trapping, hunting, and logging may also be included in the industries of this agency,
although the Indians have not paid so much attention to trapping this year as form-
erly, owing to the poor condition of the fur trade. I am pleased to report, however,
that these people are giving more of their attention to the cultivation of the soil, and
there is this year a considerable increase in the number of gardens under cultivation,
as well as a marked improvement in the condition of the same.
General Conditions. — Conditions at this agency have been much improved during
the past year. The new water system installed at Bella Bella has proved a valuable
acquisition to the people, and the completion of a new roadway and substantial side-
walk at Bella Coola has considerably benefited conditions in this village, especially
during the wet weather. The new hospital, which was publicly opened last year, is in
charge of Dr. (Mrs.) Sutherland, who has an efficient staff under her and is doing
good work at Bella Coola. With few exceptions the fishing season has been parti-
cularly good, so that the Indians have provided themselves with ample dried fish,
which, with a plentiful supply of garden produce, has enabled them to put up consider-
able food for winter consumption.
Health and Sanitation. — I am pleased to rei)ort that the Indians are giving more
attention to sanitation both in the home and in the condition of their streets, as a
result of which the general health has been much improved, so that there has been
very little sickness among these people during the year.
The gasoline launch Charles Todd has been of great service to the Indian agent
in enabling him to visit the different Indian villages.
The accommodation provided for the Indians at the different canneries is most
satisfactory.
Constable Tucker's efforts to suppress the use of intoxicants by these people are
meeting with considerable success, and with an active vigilance at all times, offenders
in this regard are summarily brought to time.
The people of the Bella Coola agency are making steady progress in the right
direction, and every year a marked improvement is noticed both in the people them-
selves and in their surroundings.
STIKIXE AOENXY.
The Stikine agency is sitviate in the Cassiar district, being north of the Na8S
and Babine agencies, and is in charge of W. S. Simpson. The principal villages are
Tahltan, Drytown, Casca and Atlin.
Occupations. — The people of this agency are for the most part engaged in hunt-
ing, trapping, fi^^hing, and working on pack trains; while during the hunting season
many find remunerative employment in acting as guides for the big game hunters,
who on different occasions have expressed their appreciation of the valuable and
efficient service rendered by the Indians in this capacity. On account of the poor
condition of the fur trade, the Indians during the past year have given less of their
time than usual to the trapping or killing of the fur-bearing animals. Owing to the
poor condition of the soil, long winters and early frosts, this agency is not adapted for
agriculture, so that we cannot expect that very much success will be met with in this
direction.
General Conditions. — The Indians all have comfortable homes, which are both
clean and sanitary. In some instances they have very fine buildings, and all are kept
in a good state of repair. In person the people of this agency are neat and cleanly,
and as a rule they are a moral, and law-abiding class. As a good deal of dried salmon
was put up for winter consumption, with this and their garden produce, they have
been able to get through the winter without any severe suffering from want.
REPORTS OF IXDIAy ACEXTS 105
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Health and Sanitation. — Sanitary conditions have been much improved in the
different villages, and as a result the general health of the people has been very satis-
factory during the past year.
Constable Cullen is keeping a sharp watch on the liquor traffic, and under his
constant vigilance a marked improvement has taken place both in the moral conduct of
the people and in general conditions in the agency.
The Royal Commission visited this agency during the past year, meetings being
held at the different villages.
The Nass agency extends from the south bank of the Skeena river to the head
waters of the Nass on the north and along the coast line to Port Essington on the
Skeena river. It is comprised of the following principal villages: Essington, !^^etla-
katla, Kincolith, Port Simpson, Gitlakdamiks, Gwinoha, Aiyansh, Kitsumkalum
and Lakalsap. Mr. C. C. Perry is the Indian agent.
Occupations. — Fishing, hunting, trapping, logging and boat-building are the
principal industries, while many of the Indians are employed at the various Canneries
during the canning season.
The soil of this agency is for the most part unsuitable for agriculture, although
efforts are being put forth constantly to encourage the Indians in this pursuit, a
result of which is that at Metlakatla, Aiyansh and Gitladamiks there are some very
fine gardens, while at Aiyansh and Gitladamiks considerable stock has been raised.
General Conditions. — Conditions in this agency are very encouraging. Many
new buildings have been erected, old ones repaired and repainted, and all are kept in
a clean and sanitary condition. At Kincolith a new saw-mill has been built, which
will give employment to quite a number of these people. They have also some splendid
homes, which they are an.xious to keep in good condition.
Health and Sanitation. — The streets in the different villages were much improved
during the past year in regard to sanitation, and for the most part were clean and
tidy. The people are also paying more attention to sanitation in the home, and I am
pleased to report the health has been much improved, there being very little sickness
among these people during the year.
General Remarks. — The moral conduct has been good and the people are indus-
trious and anxious to improve themselves and their conditions wherever possible.
On account of the unsatisfactory condition of the fur trade, the Indians have put
up an extra supply of dried fish, which forms the staple food during the winter months.
Constable Watkinson, with headquarters at Port Simpson, and Constable Philip-
son at Prince Rupert are both doing good work in this agency and keeping a sharp
watch on the liquor traffic.
The Royal Commission paid a visit to this agency during the year and were
■ r-iirteously received by the people.
The Indians of the Nass river are becoming more reconciled to the white settlers
'■t late. This is a marked advancement, as they formerly exhibited an unfriendly
attitude.
B.\BINE AGENCY.
The Babine agency is located northeast of the Bella Coola agency and east of the
Xass, and is in charge of Agent R. E. Loring, who is located at Hazelton. The prin-
cipal villages are Hazelton, Kitselas (New Town) Kitwangar, Andimaul, Glen Vowell.
ivispiox, Kitseguecla, Meanskinisht, Hagwilget, Morrice Town, Kitsegas, Kitwan-
lool, Kuldoe and Babine.
Occupations. — The chief occupations are fishing, hunting, trapping and teaming,
aHhough i)erhaps agriculture is carried on to a greater extent here than in any other
agency of the Northern inspectorate, many of the Indians having particularly fine
gardens and considerable stock, which appears to be well cared for. The friiit-tree=
supplied to Glen Vowel by the department have been given careful attention by Mr.
105 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Jacksoii, the Salvation Army officer at this village, and are thriving well. We are
looking forward to good results being obtained in the near future from an agricultural
standpoint. Some of the Indians are taking an interest in mining, and have staked
mining claims.
General Conditions. — Conditions in this agency are much improved since my last
visit, both in respect to the people themselves, who are clean and neat in appearance,
and the general condition of the villages. The people of this agency have some very
nice buildings and home.^, which are well looked after and kept in good repair.
Health and Sanitation. — Sanitary conditions are much better than formerly; both
in the home and the streets considerable improvement was noticed in this respect. Tlie
health during tlie past year has been very good, there having been very little sickness.
General Remarks. — Constable Hamblin has been very active in suppressing tlie
liquor traffic, and through his efforts much has been accomplished in this regard.
The Koyal Commission visited this agency during the year and held meetings at
the ditferent villages.
These people are progressing, and each year shows a wonderful improvement both
in the people themselves and their general mode of living.
QUEEN CHARLOTTE AGENCY.
This agency is located on the Queen Charlotte group of islands, and includes two
villages, JMassett and Skidegate, the agency being in charge of Mr. Thomas Deasy.
Occupations. — Fishing, logging and hunting form the principal industries of
these people, though many of them are splendid boat-builders and carpenters, as is
evidenced by the remarkable workmanship displayed in their gasoline launches and
buildings. Efforts are being put forth to encourage these people to cultivate the soil
to a greater extent, and as a result there are some fine gardens under cultivation.
Band Councils. — At Massett and Skidegate the Indians have exceptionally good
councils, which look after affairs at the villages in a very efficiefit manner.
Liquor Traffic. — ^Constable Hughes is doing good work in this agency and keeping
a sharp watch on the liquor traffic. Through his efforts much has been done in the way
of improving the moral conduct of these people.
General Conditions. — I am pleased to report conditions at this agency exception-
ally good. The Indians have many fine buildings, especially homes, which are kept
in a good state of repair. These as well as the streets are kept clean and sanitary, and
the people themselves are neatly clad and healthy in appearance.
At Massett the new wells recently installed have been a wonderful help to these
people, and with the new water system at Skidegate, this agency is now provided with
an ample supply of water.
At Skidegate and Massett new wharves of creosote piles have been built, and will
doubtless prove a considerable improvement on the old ones.
Canneries are to be opened this year at Aliford Bay and Xaden Harbour, which
will give employment to a number of the Indians who have previously had to leave home
during the fishing season.
Health and Sanitation. — The streets and homes have been improved in regard to
sanitation, and the health of the people has been very good with the exception of an
epidemic of chicken-pox, which visited the village of Massett. I am pleased to report
that all traces of the epidemic have now disappeared and the people are enjoying
good health.
GENERAL REMARKS.
There has been a great improvement in this inspectorate during the past year.
The people are industrious and painstaking, and anxious to progress so that they may
compare favourably with the white people whom the younger generation imitate in
REPORTS OF IXni.W AOFXTS 107
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
dress and customs. They treat newcomers with the greatest courtesy and evince the
utmost loyalty to the Crown. Since the outhreak of the war these people have con-
tributed a good deal to the war fund. In the many meetings held both with the Koyal
Commission on Indian Atfairs and otherwise, their statements, requests and complaints
were, with very few exceptions, brought forward in an orderly manner, and the meet-
ings conducted in a business-like way.
!Many of the Indians own very fine homes, which they keep in good condition both
- regards sanitation and repair, man^' of them being particularly well furnished.
More iuterest is being taken in agriculture than formerly, and, as a result of this,
tlie Indians are, for the most part, well supplied with garden produce. Efforts are being
put forth constantly to encourage the Indians to devote even more of their time to
agricultural pursuits, and it is expected that the future will show some splendid
results in this direction.
The various constables are doing good work in the different agencies and doing
much to suppress the liquor traffic, which has played so large a part as a detriment to
advancement among these people.
As more attention is being paid to sanitation and ventilation, so is the health of
the Indian people improving, and I am pleased to report that very little sickness has
occurred among the people during the past year.
The field matrons stationed at the various villages in the different agencies have
been a great help to these people, particularly to the Indian women, who are being
taught to care for their sick, and otherwise instructed in the household arts.
The people of the Xorthern inspectorate are very musical and many of the villages
have splendid brass bands, which, on the visit of the Royal Commission on Indian
Affairs, invariably turned out to welcome them.
I am pleased to report very little suffering among these people from want during
the past year. The fialiing season being for the most part successful, plenty of dried
fish was put up for winter consumption, and this, together with their garden produce
and other roots, enabled them to stand the winter with very little hardship.
REPORT OF A. MEGRAW, IXSPECTOR FOR THE SOUTHEASTERN
INSPECTORATE, BRITISH COLUMBIA.
BKITI.SH COLUMBIA.
This inspectorate comprises six agencies : Kootenay, Lytton, Kamloops, Okanagan,
Williams Lake, and Stuart Lake, and covers an area that includes not only the entire
portion of the southern interior of British Columbia, but takes in as well much of the
western slope of the Cascades, for it extends as far west as Agassiz, and runs north-
ward to about the 5Tth parallel of latitude.
KOOTENAY AGEXC^T
Kootenay agency was visited in June, July and October, on each of which occasions
I was accompanied by the Indian agent, Mr. R. L. T. Galbraith.
The past year was more prosperous for the Indians of this agency. This increased
prosperity was due principally to two causes, viz., revival of the lumber trade, which
gave employment and put more money into circulation, and to better crops, owing to
the generous rains of June and July. The gain in employment brought about by
resumption of operation in the saw-mills was in a measure offset by completion oi
construction of the Kootenay Central railway, which passed over to the operating
department in the early part of the year.
More attention is being paid to farming, e>i)ecially among the Sliuswni>s of tlio
Upper Columbia, but the land held by the Indians of Kootenay agency is not so well
108 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
adapted for farming as is most of the land in other agencies. The Lower Kootenay
band near Creston is the worts in this respect, as most of the land is submerged
from April to October, and it is hoi)ed that additional allotment may be obtained for
those Indians, for they are sober and industrious. Were it not for the money they earn
in berry-picking time from the white growers at Duck Lake, and the fish and wild-fowl,
that they obtain from Kootenay lake and Kootenay river, they would have a rather
difficult task to subsist.
KAMLOOPS AGENCY.
During the past year there has been marked progress at the Kamloops agency. The
Indian display at the Kamloops fair was most encouraging, and showed that the
Indians are ambitious to improve their condition and obtain from agricultural pur-
suits more of the benefits that should be theirs. On some of the reserves are to be seen
some very good orchards, from which the owners are making some monej-, and the
attention that is being paid to the cultivation of clover augurs well for improved con-
dition of the land.
The death of Chief Louis of Kamloops, who was for many years a prominent
figure in the Indian life of the agency, was one of the notable events of the year.
His influence was for improvement, and he lived to see substantial advancement among
his people.
The agent, Mr. John F. Smith, is deserving of much credit for the spirit of
emulation that is apparent among his Indians.
An important part of his work during the year also has been the punishment of a
lawless element, at one or two centres in his agency, that was debauching the Indians.
Ilis hearty support of Dominion Constable Dallin, who has now gone on active service,
resulted in the conviction of various culprits who had been in the habit of supplying
the Indians with intoxicants.
In this agency many Indians volunteered for service abroad. In fact the agent
complained that over-zeal on the part of recruiting officers made the recruiting too
indiscriminate, and as a result some married men with families left their farms with
none to look after the crops.
LYTTON AGENCY.
A successful year was experienced by the Indians of the Lytton agency. Th^
crops were very satisfactory, because of the bountiful rains in June and July. Muci
of this agency is known as the dry belt, and an occasional season of greater rainfal
during the growing months is worth much to agriculturists.
The land holdings as a rule are not very large in this agency, and cultivation oi
the little white bean has been a staple source of revenue in the past and is likely tc
continue. Irrigation and mixed farming are the two ideas that need to be kept con
stantly before the Indians, and more of them, year by year, are beginning to grasf
this, as has been amply shown by the very favourable record made by the agency ii
the department's farm competition.
The central event of the year was the completion of the Botanie lake storage dan
and construction of the Indians' new ditch to take advantage of it. In past years th«
salmon in the Fraser river was the great stand-by of the Indian for his food-suppb
This has failed him during the past two or three years, owing, it is claimed, to obstrne
tion in the Fraser at Hell Gate between Yale and North Bend; but, with more attentioi
to mixed farming, they may become independent of deprivations of that kind.
Some of the Indians found a difficulty in marketing the produce of their garder
last year. This is a handicap which has occasioned loss to white growers as well a
Indians, and it seems due to temporary break-down in the selling organization.
Less railway construction, and also vigilant constabulary work, have lessened tl
amount of drunkenness and crime in the agency.
REPORTS OF INDIAX AGENTS 109
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
\VILL1AJ1S LAKE AGENCY.
Although better crops were harvested in this agency during the past year than the
average, the advantage therefrom that nii^lit otherwise accrue, has been offset by other
drawbacks that have borne somewhat heavily upon the Indians. There has been depres-
sion consequent upon the cessation of construction work on the !'.(!. 10. railway. The
price of hay and oats has fallen because the completion of the Grand Trunk Pacific
railway permits produce of that kind to be brought in from the prairies and freighted
down the Fraser to Soda Creek. Then the freighting industry itself, whicli enabled
many Indians in the past to earn good wages teaming up the Cariboo road from Ash-
croft, has been partially disorganized by the running of passenger and freight service
on the P.G.E. to Lillooet. It is the period of re-adjustment necessitated liy altered
conditions, and it will take a few years to overcome present difficulties.
STUART LAKE AGENCY,
The visit to this agency was early in September, and harvesting operations at that
time were still in progress, although most of the harvest had been gathered in. In
much of this agency the Indians still depend for subsistence on trapping and hunting,
and to the lakes and streams they look for a good deal of their food-supply. In fact
one or two tribes are nomads pure and simple, and have no fixed place of abode. Even
among those who are making the least effort at tilling the soil, the fish-supply taken
from the streams forms a considerable portion of the food. In this connection a
circumstance was observed that is worthy of note. It is that the Indians, instead of
depleting the streams of fish, have shown a disposition to practise a degree of economy
and self-denial for which scant credit has been given them. Among the hundreds of
pounds of fish that were being dried for the winter supply w^ero seen large numbers of
suckers and other rough destructive fish that prey upon others of their species. It is
a notable fact also that in the three agencies — -"Lytton, Williams Lake and Stuart Lake
— where there has been the most marked increase in the amount expended for relief,
the Indians all complain of the scarcity of salmon, which they claim is due to an
obstruction in the Fraser river, and these agencies are all in the watershed of the
Fraser and its tributaries.
Indian trappers did better last year than in the year previous. The fur-catch was
somewhat better, and the prices obtained wore better.
The advance in agriculture, especially among the Indians of Stony Creek, is most
encouraging and marked. These Stonies are noted for their industry. Tiiey earn
money for their own sustenance and the improvement of their holdings, by clearing
land for the whites, nnd the crops they were harvesting on their own lands, looked very
well. Important results are expected here, as elsewhere, from the Indian farm compe-
tition, in which these Stonies evinced a lively interest.
OKAN.^GAN AGENCY.
The Indians of this agency harvested the largest crop last year that they have had
for some time. The prices fell below their expectation, and some disappointment was felt
in consequence; but the better yield per acre compensated in a measure for the lower
price received. The hay crop was hard to save owing to the wet weather prevailing in
June and July. Much of the Indian hay is grown on old meadows that require renewal
and they have the fault of allowing it to get too ripe before cutting. This affects the
quality adversely and makes it difficult for them at times to secure buyers; neither is
if as good for their own stock. Effort is being made to induce them to get rid of their
surplus horses, and keep more stock of other and more profitable kinds, and go in for
rotation of crops so as to improve the condition of their land. In the southern part of
110 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
the agency the Indians raise ^nore cattle and are accordingly making more money;
but there is the same tendency to neglect the land and allow the hay meadows to get
too old before renewal. *
Fruit-growing has received considerable attention, and there are some very fair
Indian orchards.
GENERAL REMARKS.
The liquor traffic, which is the curse of mankind, is doubly so in the case of the
Indian, and the excellent prospect, at present, of securing in this province effective
prohibitory legislation must be welcomed by all who have to do with Indian administra-
tion, as it is welcome to the Indians themselves. In every instance where I have ex-
plained to Indians the nature of the change that it is hoped will be effected, and dis-
cussed the matter with them in the light of their own experience, they have invariably
expressed their satisfaction. With an effective prohibitory law in force, much greater
advance may be looked for among the Indians of the province.
The goal at present, is to make the Indians self-supporting, and the principal
means to that end is to get them into mixed farming. Various native prejudices stand
in the way, and one of these, which seems hard to eradicate, is that of regarding the
horse as a standard of value. In the past the western Indian's wealth was jiudged by
the number of horses he owned. That is what made him a horse thief, and the fetish
remains with him still, although not in the sense that makes him amenable to the crimi-
nal code. Instead of a real standard of value and an index of wealth, it is really in
many instances an index of poverty. If they will raise good horses, which they can
sell profitably it is all right, but 15 or 20 head of unsaleable horses on a small Indian
farm where there is work for only one team, mak^ it a losing game. When the Indian
can be induced to substitute cattle and hogs for useless horses, and have the liquor
placed beyond his reach, some real progress towards independence will be made.
EEPORT OF W. E. DITCHBURN, INSPECTOR FOR THE SOUTHWESTERN
INSPECTORATE, BRITISH COLUMBIA.
This inspectorate comprises the Cowichan, Kwawkewlth, New Westminster and
West Coast agencies.
COWICHAN AGENCY.
The Indians of this agency are chiefly engaged in farming, fishing, hunting, hop-
picking, stevedoring, working at the canneries, and as day labourers where such work
is available. On the farms at Cowichan, Saanich, Nanaimo River and Sooke good
crops were obtained during the past season and favourable weather conditions existed
for harvesting. On the Songhees reserve, at Esquimalt, the land is subdivided into
small plots for general fruit and vegetables growing; all the available land under
cultivation. The young trees planted on this reserve one year ago have all done well,
but, of course, are as yet too young to bear fruit. The Indian orchards throughout
the agency have been kept trimmed and sprayed with lime and sulphur solution. The
Indians have been kept up to the mark keeping the weeds on their reserves cut before
going to seed.
Owing to the poor run of salmon in the Fraser river last fall and there being
only a medium crop of hops at the yards at Chilliwack, Agassiz and in the State of
Washington, with also a scarcity of outside labour, the Indians of this agency did not
earn much money. The depressed conditions that prevail generally throughout the
province will, no doubt, have a beneficial effect on the Indians, as it will have a
tendency to make them realize the necessity of putting all their lands under cultiva-
1
h'Hroiris OF ixniAy agexts in
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
tion. There was but little eleariii'jr done throujrh the year, thoujrh the more industrious
of the Indians do mueh of this work annually.
While occasionally a new house is noted on the different reserves, very little
Ktneral improvement has been observed in the Indian houses throughout the agency.
Owing to the very heavy snow-fall during the months of January and February, a num-
ber of the old houses Avere wrecked.
A considerable number of the Indians have been prosecuted for either being
intoxicated or having licpior in their possession during the year. No serious crimes,
however, have been committed and the moral conduct of the Indians as a whole may
be considered as having been fair.
Owing to the hard times and to an exceptionally severe winter, it has been found
necessary to issue more relief to the Indians than in former years.
The Indians have enjoyed fair health throughout the year, though an epidemic
of grippe occurred during the winter and several of the older people died; otherwit^c
there were no serious outbreaks amongst them.
-One and a-half acres of land on the Esquimalt reserve has been surrendered by
the Indians to be leased to the Ocean Fisheries, Limited, which is about to establish
a fish-packing plant on this site. It is expected that this industry will give employ-
ment to a considerable number of Indians.
KWAWKEWLTH AGKXCY.
As but few of the reserves in this agency contain land suitable for agriculture,
no pretence whatever has been made at farming by the Indians, who have to depend
for a livelihood upon what they can eani at the canneries and in the logging camps,
when these are in operation. Unfortunately, how^ever, for the Indians, practically all
the logging camps in British Columbia were closed down throughout the year. A
number of the Indians who went to Rivers Inlet last season expecting to be able to fish
for some of the canneries found it was impossible to obtain gear, and consequently
fared but poorly in the way of earning any money. Those who were fortunate enough
to get boats and nets from the canneries earned a good deal of money. Owing to the
low prices being obtained for furs, very little trapping was done by the Indians.
A few new Indian houses have been erected by the Indians, and at Alert Bay
a new plank roadway was put down extending the full length of the reserve. The
Indians, however, are slothful and it is with great difficulty that they are kept up to
the mark in the matter of observing any rules of sanitation. The village at Cape
-Mudge is the one outstanding exception in the agency, and here the reserve and houses
are generally to be found in a clean and healthy condition.
Up to the closing days of the year, the health among the Indians had been fair,
though a number of the older people had passed away from various causes. A report
luis just been received, however, of a case that is suspected to be smallpox- Dr.
Stevenson has put into effect a strict quarantine and vaccination of all the Indians.
The moral conduct of the Indians of this agency cannot be considered to be of a
i-ry high order; a number of them were convicted of being intoxicated and heavy
tines were imposed. It has generally been found that Chinamen were the sup-
pliers, and in a number of cases they have been apprehended and convicted. In one
case, however, two white men were proven guilty of supplying intoxicants to Indians,
and they were fined heavily.
The amount of relief issued during the past year has not exceeded that given
out during other years.
NEW WESTMINSTER AGEN'CY.
Farming, fishing, hunting, stevedoring, general labouring, hop-picking, and basket-
making constitute the main vocations from which the Indians of this agenf y earn a
112 DEPARTMEXT OF IX D I Ay AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
livelihood. Those who have good farms and worked them intelligently last year had
good results both from the orchards and the farms, as the prices obtained for all kinds
of farm products were above the average and the crops in general were heavy.
A considerable amount of new land was cleared on the reserves of the Chilliwack,
Harrison River, Douglas and Squamish (Howe Sound) bands. The Indians did an
amount of work in improving their homes. A number of new houses were built as also
were a number repaired. Good work was done in the orchards, the fruit-trees being
sprayed and pruned. A number of old dead trees were cut down. They have also done
a great amount of good work in keeping the noxious weeds cut down to prevent them
from seeding.
A considerable assistance was given by the department to Indians of different
bands in the matter of supplying them with seeds, oats, etc. At the Tsawwassen
reserves five tons of seed oats alone were purchased, the Indians returning the cost^of
these to the department from the heavy crop harvested.
At Sechelt village the old water flume was taken up and replaced by a new wooden
pipe line a mile long at a cost of $900. The work was done by the Indians and
material paid for from the funds to the credit of this band held by the department.
There was an exceedingly poor run of salmon in the Fraser river last year, and
only a medium crop of hops at Chilliwack and Agassiz ; consequently the Indians did
not earn much money from these sources of employment. At the hop-yards it has
been customary in the past to pay one dollar and the loaf of bjead for each box of
hops picked. The companies, however, last season did not give the loaf of bread.
The past winter has been the most severe experienced in British Columbia for a
great many years and was very hard on a number of cattle and horses belonging to the
Indians. It is reported that owing to the great depths of snow in certain sections of
this agency, a number of both cattle and horses died.
At Churchhouse (Homalco Reserve No. 6) Mrs. Moroney, wife of the school
teacher at that place, has been appointed field matron. Her duties are to visit the
Indian homes and teach the Indian women and girls the art of housekeeping; she
also attends to the sick and instructs the women how to care for young children as
well as giving them instruction in keeping their homes in a sanitary condition. The
appointment of Mrs. Moroney should have a very beneficial effect on this reserve.
Grippe was prevalent to a considerable extent among the Indians during the past
year, otherwise their health was good.
Xo very serious crimes were recorded against the Indians of this agency during
the year. For either being drunk or having intoxicating liquor in their possession a
number of them were prosecuted and convicted. Taking into consideration the fact
that there are over 2,400 Indians in the New Westminster agency, their morals on the
whole were extremely good.
WEST COAST AGENCY.
The Indians of this agency earn a livelihood from fishing, hunting, trapping and
working at the hop-fields. Practically all the Indians from the northern part of the
agency proceed to Rivers Inlet about the middle of June to fish for the canneries at
the place, and the rest go to the lower Fraser River to follow the same occupation
during the months of July and August, after which they move on to the hop-fields at
Chilliwack and Agassiz early in September.
A number of those who went to Rivers Inlet did well last season, as the run of
salmon was very good; but this only applied to those who were able to obtain gear
from the canneries. At the Fraser River the run of salmon was the smallest in a
number of years, and very few of the Indians made any money over and above their
expenses. The hop-picking was not very profitable last year, as the crop was only a
medium one. For the coming season the outlook is not very bright for the Indians
I
REPORTS OF ISDIAX AOEXTS 113
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
of this agency from a fishing standpoint, as in the northern fisherj' district of British
Columbia, of which Rivers Inlet forms a part, the Department of Naval Service has
of recent years put into practice the system of issuing independent or unattached
licenses. The number of these licenses has increased each year until now it has got
up to as high as'300 out of a total of 700 licenses issued for that district, leaving only
400 attached licenses. These are distributed by the canneries to the Indians and the
Japanese, which, of course, makes the amount of gear now able to be procured by the
Indians much less than it was in the past, and will militate very seriously against
their earnings for the future. The Department of Naval Service has repeatedly
refused to issue independent licenses to Indians having their own gear.
Owing to the depressed conditions existing at the present time, there is no market
for any furs and consequently the Indians have not done anything in the line of trap-
ping or taking seal skins off shore during the past year.
At a number of the villages of this agency the Indians have improved their settle-
ments by re-arranging their houses, widening the streets, and cleaning up in general.
There has been very little sickness amongst them. There was a slight epidemic
among the children of Ahousaht in the month of January, which, at first was thought
to be small-pox, but fortunately did not develop into anything more serious than
chicken-pox.
The moral conduct of the Indians throughout the year has been very good indeed,
there having been no serious crimes recorded against them.
There is no farming done in this agency except on the two reserves at Alberni, at
which place the land under cultivation produced good crops. In the other sections of
the agency only small gardens are to be seen at the villages, the land being very heavily
timbered and not suitable at the present time for agricultural purposes.
REPORT OF TOM WILSON. INSPFATOR OF INDIAN ORCHARDS. BRITISH
COLUMBIA.
Ottawa, May 22, 191(3.
The Deputy Superintendent General of Indian Affairs,
Department of Indian Affairs,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith the annual report for the year ended
March 30, 1910, of our officer, Mr. Tom Wilson, in charge of the work in the Imlian
orchards in British Columbia. xVs I have pointed out on previous occasions, this work
has' assumed a much wider character than it possessed originally, and. instead of
involving merely the control of insect pests in the orchards in the Indian reserves, our
officer now supervises and gives instruction and assistance in the planting out and sub-
sequent care of the orchards and in the marketing of the fruit. In addition, as his
report shows, he Is now assisting the agents in agricultural matters generally.
The extension of orcharding among the Indians in a province so well adapted for
fruit-growing, and the training of the young people in horticulture in the schools, are
undoubtedly the most important features of the work with which we are happy to be
"•-•niipctcd. as thf-y are looking towards the future.
I have, etc.,
C. GORDON HEWITT.
Dominion Entomologist.
27— ii— 3
114 DEPARTMEXT OF IXIIIAN AFFAIR,^
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
March 31, 1916.
Dr. Gordon Hewitt^
Dominion Entomologist,
Department of Agriculture,
Ottawa.
Sir, — I beg leave to present to you my tenth annual report on the work done in
connection with the Indian Orchards and agriculture generally in British Columbia
dnring the past year. I am glad to be able to report a continued advance along the
same lines as last year. Extremely good progress has been made and a large area of new
land has been prepared for cultivation. Prices for their surplus commodities have been
good. Large quantities of potatoes are now being shipped out of the Eraser Valley, and
the Indians are sending their share. Fruit crops were not very heavy, but prices were
good, and there was a ready sale. Owing to the very fine dry weather in the Eraser
valley at haymaking-time, the crop was saved in good condition. We had no serious
insect pests to contend with, so that our efforts in the orchards have all been directed
towards putting the existing orchards into good order, and also training up the young
orchards that have been planted in different localities. These on the whole have done
very well and some have shown signs of bearing a sample.
In 1914-15 some parts of the interior of British Columbia w^ere badly infested with
larva of plusia calif ornica, so much so that some crops suffered severely. Beans and
other ground crops being in some instances cut right off. I am glad to say that we have
had no further recurrence of the plague; consequently there were eleven carloads of
beans shii^ped from Lytton alone; these sold at very remunerative prices. Beans and
potatoes seem to be the favourite crops of the Indians of the Lytton agency, one reason
being, no doubt, that they succeed most admirably. Potatoes were a good cro'p, but
until very recently prices were extremely low. Large and beautiful crops of tomatoes
were also grown, but the price was small and large quantities were fed to stock.
I have kept up my efforts to try and abate the noxious weed nuisance, and I think
with good success. There have been the usual number of complaints from outside
persons, but most of them have, on investigation, been found to be baseless. I do not
mean to say that there are no weeds on the Indian reserves; but very good attempts
have been made to get rid of them, and the average of freedom has been as great on the
reserves as on the neighbouring place belonging to w'hites. This fact has b/een supported
in several cases by statements made by the provincial weed inspectors.
I am. glad to say that my crusade against the permanent manure pile has been
attended with a fair measure of success. They have not altogether been done away
with, (that would be too much to expect) but there- has been a very considerable abate-
ment of the nuisance. I was very pleased on looking round a man's placfe and asking
him where the pile was, to receive the answer, "It's all spread out on the field." In
some places, however, the Indians have a very bad example set them by their white
neighbours. I saw up in the Chilcoten country last fall, the accumulation of years, I
was going to say ages, so much so that I saw on some places trenches had been dug
through the pile to get to the stable door. I have heard that the old-timers in Oregon
used to haul away the stable when the manure pile got too big!
A trip was made in company with the two inspectors of agencies, ~My. Ditchburn,
of Victoria, and Major !Megraw, of Vernon, over the strictly agricultural positions of
their respective districts for the purpose of judging the different places and placing the
award of $25 lor the best kept and managed Indian farm in each agency. Reports on
these trips have already been sent in by the gentlemen mentioned. I may say that
as much verbal advice and instruction as to what to avoid and what to follow, was
given in the time at our disposal.
The agencies visited were Stuart Lake, Williams Lake, Lytton, Kamloops, Okana-
gan, Kootenay, New Westminster, and Cowichan. The schedule on which the judging
REPORTS OF IXDIAX AGEXTS 115
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
was done may have erred a little in lack of elasticity; this, however, may be rectitied
another year; but there is no doubt that more interest will be evinced in future. The
most backward of all these people are the Kootenays, though some Shuswaps who
settled in that district many years ago are excellent farmers, with well tilled places,
good houses, and tidy surroundings.
During tho past year. I have paid particular attention to the different In:liau
schools, both boarding and industrial, giving practical instruction in horticulture
and fruit-growing to the pupils. The experimental orchards that were put in last year
at several of the schools have d<jne well, and we hope more of these will be put out
in other localities, !^^ost of the pupils show a keen interest in the instructions that I
give them from time to time.
A start has been made to beautify some of the day school grounds with shrubs
and trees, and we hope to have some school gardens put out on the same plan as is
carried on in many of our public school grounds. A very successful garden was put
out at Metlakatla by 3iriss Klippert, the teacher who attended the Rural Science course
in Victoria.
The case of " fire blight " at the Kootenay industrial school orchard has been
watched closely and shows no sign of spreading, and, although this disease was again
very prevalent in the south part of the Okanagan valley on the white people's orchards,
there was not a single case occurring on any of the Indian orchards. Th^re has been
no recurrence of " black knot " such as was reported from Creston and Musqucam, the
measures taken having proved effective.
The spray pumps have been kept at work when necessary, and most of the orchards
are in good condition.
I have to thank the different inspectors and agents for very sympathetic aid in
my work, and I should like especially to mention Mr. Ditchburn, of Victoria, and
^fajor Megraw. who have both made strenuous efforts to advance the Indians along
agricultural lines.
I have, etc.,
TOM WILSON,
Inspector of Indian Orchards,
REPORT OF .T. ITAWKSLEY, IXDIAX SFPERIXTENDEXT FOR THE
YUKON TERRITORY.
During the past year I have met the majority of the various Indian bands scatter-
ed through the Yukon Territory and have had reports of those whom, owing to diffi-
cult and expensive transportation. I have not met.
The general condition of the Indians is comparatively good: the prices in the fur
market have improved ; there has been greater activity among the natives in the trap-
ping line and consequently they are better off than last year. Game has been plenti-
ful all over the territory and successful hunts made; most camps were well supplied
with meat.
The Moosehide and Forty 'Mile bands were somewhat handicapped in the meat
market of Dawson this winter. As a rule they are able to make quite a little money
by the sale of their game; but in the early part of the winter a very large herd of
carilwo passed through the country about 10 miles west of Dawson, and nearly all
the able-bodied men and many women and boys rushed to the place and killed large
numbers of them, every one was well supplied with meat for the winter, and this closed
the meat market to the Indians. They had plenty of meat for themselves, but were
short of cash for the purchase of other necessaries. The Indians complained at the
wholesale slaughter of the animaL?; there is little doubt that a number of the animals
were wounded and escaped to the woods, where they died and were left to rot. It cer-
tainly worked a hardship on the natives.
27— ii— Si
116 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Eegarding the relief of indigent Indians, great care has been exercised in the giv-
ing of rations; in most cases the quantity given is not sufficient to support them en-
tirely; thus they are kept doing a little for themselves, such as snaring rabbits and
fishing. Most of the recipients are aged and without friends to care for them. The idea
of keeping them self-supporting is constantly kept in mind. In a few cases ammuni-
tion has been given to able-bodied men who for the time being were not able to pur-
chase it for themselves, and they were sent out to hunt, with good results.
Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the various bands has been fairly
good throughout the year, no epidemics have broken out amongst them. Tuberculosis
has been the chief cause of death, with one or two cases of spinal meningitis. Several
operations for tubercular glands have been successfully performed.
Some improvement has been made in matters of sanitation, which we are pleased
to see, though in this respect one hopes for further improvement. I wish to put on
record the kindly co-operation of the missionaries in this particular matter. They
are living with the bands and endeavour to keep before them the necessity of personal
cleanliness as well as keeping their premises and surroundings clean. Their help is
of great value.
Most of the villages were thoroughly cleaned up in the spring, the refuse was
thrown on to the ice and carried off by the break-up. All the Indian houses have
ventilators in them, but sometimes one finds that these have been filled up with old
clothing. When such is found, it is instantly removed and a little sound advice given
to the individuals. Notices have been sent to the Indians that they are expected to
have their villages cleaned up before the warm weather sets in.
The removal of the Whitehorse Indians on to a reserve was a good move in more
ways than one: besides grouping them together in one place, instead of having them
scattered in different parts of the town, it was the means of destroying several of their
germ-infected, tumble-down cabins. Everything on the new reserve is fresh and
clean; they will be urged to keep it so. There was a little resentment at the time of
the removal, but this has been overcome.
There is quite a marked improvement in some cases in personal .cleanliness,
epsecially among the younger members of some of the bands. The members of the
Selkirk band are the most tardy in this.
Occupations. — Hunting game and trapping furs are the chief occupations of the
Yukon Indians. In addition to this, some of the younger men engage themselves to
wood- cutters for the purpose of cutting and rafting fire-wood to the white settlements,
also for cutting cord-wood for the steamboats. A few work as deck-hands on the boats
in the summer; they also act as guides occasionally, in which capacity they often prove
highly efficient and are well paid.
Generally speaking, the Indians are industrious when at work, but they are not
steady, that is, after they have worked for a while, they think they are entitled to a
holiday, and as a rule take one, which lasts until their money is gone. This is rather
an unfortunate trait, as they sometimes leave their employment when most needed;
the result is that, when they go back, they find the employer unwilling to re-engage
them. They will, I think, in time realize the folly of such a proceeding and become
steady and regular in their habits.
They do very little in the way of farming. Last spring about 200 pounds of
potato seed and some turnip seed was given to the Moosehide band. I visited the
village and got them to work up the ground and plant the seed. In the fall they
gathered between 500 and 600 pounds of potatoes besides a quantity of turnips. I feel
sure the returns would have been greater had the crops been properly attended to
during growth. The neglect of the crop is not altogether due to laziness: when the
crops need most attention is just the time when the salmon are in full run, and the
Indians are away fishing and laying up a store of dried salmon for winter use. Cli-
matic conditions are not conducive to developing very much in the way of agricultur?,
but the Indians are urged to grow potatoes for themselves.
RFPORTS OF IXDIAX AOEXTS 117
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Temperance and Morality. — The liciuor traffic aiiioiiji the natives is still a problem
that is difficult to solve. !Many of the Indians liavo a fondness for liquor, and resort
to all sorts of tricks to obtain it. A good deal of time and attention has been given to
the suppression of this, and with the co-operation of the police quite a few have been
convicted and imprisoned for supplying drink to Indians. Most of those caught are of
foreign birth. I am inclined to think that the peiuUties set forth in the Indian Aft
are not severe enough to act as a deterrent.
Someone once remarked that tlie Indians of the Northwest are not immoral, but
unmoral, that is. they have no standard of morality. It would appear that there is a
certain amount of truth in this statement. Under such conditions one cannot be sur-
prised that some of the women fall an easy prey to unscrupulous white men. Their
moral conduct is not what it ought to be, though signs of improvement are not wanting.
There are numbers in each band who.se general conduct is good, but some of the
younger women living near the white settlements do not value their honour as they
should. It is hoptnl that the training given in the boarding school will be quite a
factor in raising the moral tone of the future generation. Effort is made on all sides
to improve matters in this respect with some good results.
Buildings. — Xearly all the Indians build small cabins for themselves at the cen-
tres where they congregate, mostly in the vicinity of a trading post or white settlement,
^lany of these are well built and fairly well furnished. The majority of the Indians,
as a rule, do not live in them the year round, but spend part of the time, especiallv in
the summer, in tents. The cabins are all built of logs. The Indians have no council-
houses in the Yukon, but the chief, as a rule, has a larger house than the nest, where
meetings are he^d from time to time. There is visible improvement to be noticed in
the newlv erected cabins in many ways.
Medical Attendance. — The two medical officers have been diligent in their duties
and have been kept fairly busy during the year. Their reports show that quite a
number of patients have been treated each month. The hospital accommodation is
good, and those patients who have been in the in.stitutions have been well cared for and
carefully nursed. The Indians of the northern end of the territory are fortunate in
having a nurse of their own tribe to attend to them: the language difficulty is thus
overcome. This is quite a factor, as many of the natives do not understand or speak
English very well.
(leneral Remarks. — ^A number of disputes arising hetwen Indians nnd whites and
between the Indians themselves have been satisfactorily arranged through this office.
The Indians feel they have a place to go to when they are in trouble where they can
1>^ advised and helped; they appreciate it very much.
It is only fair to say that the Indians of the Yukon are patriotic and take a keen
interest in the progress of the great war; daily inciuires ure made at the office for
war news. Some of the bands have contributed according to their means to the Cana-
dian Patriotic fimd. and. though they show no desire to volunteer for foreign service,
would to the last man fight in defence of the country, if necessary, iit liome.
i
7 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
REPORT
OF THE
SUPERINTENDENT OF INDIAN EDUCATION
AND REPORTS PROM INSPECTORS
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 191G
I
I
i
7 GEORGE V
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
13 -"
^ C3
w ^ J
H ^ o
1
" mi
1
,
1
i
1
^ 1
■6 1
35 i SSg
i« C-. C-. ;r t^ to
2SS ^.-^
^ 1
o» 1
1> 1
Tuition.
.? cts.
fi,532 48
3,218 23
178 99
386 59
302 50
179 37
:
o" 1
Travel
and
Salaries.
% cts.
1,285 12
2,511 G2
g5 : ;
1
1 S
^ 1
II
""1
Industrial
Schools.
78,143 73
Boarding
Schools.
$ cts.
37,419 00
Day
Schools.
§ cts.
30,477 33
23,509 42
7,100 97
8.109 37
Province.
\
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2
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:
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• S
1
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^
121
122
DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Several bands of Indians, whose funds will permit them to meet the outlay, assist
in providing for education. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 1916, the, amounts
so contributed have been as follows : —
Account
No.
10
12
1.3
14
17
18
1!)
20
21
22
23
30
31
33
36
50
82
246
247
248
251
Band.
L-Va.'Vt.^ V,
Ojibl)ewas of Batchavvana.. .
Chippewas of Beausoleil. . . .
Chippewas of Nawash ...'...
Chippewas of Rama
Chi pewas of Sarnia
Chippewas of Saugeen
Chippewas of Snake Island .,..,.'... .
Chippewas of the Thames .'
Chii)pewas of Walpole Island
Chippewas of Fort William
Ojibbewas of Garden River
Ojibbewas of Henvey Inlet .
Ojibbewas of Nipissing
Mississaguas of Alnwick ....... I .-
Mississaguas of Credit. . .
Mississaguas of Rice Lake
Mississaguas of Mud Lake
Missis.saguas of Scugog.
Mohawks of Bay of Quinte.
Moravians of the Thames ,
Chippewas of Parry Sound
Pottawattamies of Walpole Island ; . i
Six Nations of Grand River ^ •■. ... . .1 .'.■..* I
Chipi)ewas of Thessalon River, ....
Algonquins of River Desert
Ojibbewas of Whitefish Lake
Ojibbewas of Sheguiandah
Ojibbewas of Sheshegwaning
Ojibbewas of South I3ay . . . . C- . V
Ojibbewas of West Bay. . . . ,'•,.;. .,
Total.
Interest.
$ cts.
819
490
,591
291
,617
,324
191
846
243
lie
710
100
54rf
7H7
553
300
225
12
,046
547
368
13
,2J7
75
425
.378
321
230
200
375
27,974 79
Capital.
3,105 00
3,105 00
31,079 79
The amounts expended from capital represent the outlay on new buildings and
equipment, while the expenditure from interest represents the current expenses.
In addition to the above expenditure the religious denominations engaged in Indian
educational work have spent considerable sums from their funds, the exact amount of
which is not available.
The statistics giving the number of children of school age, enrolment, and aver-
age attendance, together with the pupilage of residential schools printed at the head
of each agency report, show the relation borne by the schools to the number of-
children to be provided for. The census returns published in the annual report for
1915 have been used in this compilation, and the children of school age are those
between the ages of 6 and 15.
In some cases the number of children said to be enrolled in the day and resi-
dential schools is shown to be greater than the number given of school age. This
apparent discrepancy arises from the fact that some children enter the schools before
the age of 6 years and remain after they reach 15, but the main reason is that the age
limit for pupils of residential schools is 18.
SrPKIiiyTEM)EyT of IXDIAX EDUCATIOy 123
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
A comprehensive statistical statement is appended to the report showing the enrol-
ment and attendance at all classes of schools, and a tabular statement has been pre-
pared showing the location and general establishment of each residential school.
The progress made last year in educational work has been encouraging, there
having been a marked increase in the enrolment but with a slightly lower average
attendance than last year, owing to the severe winter and epidemics of grippe and
measles.
PAY SCHOOLS.
The department is continuing its efforts to increase the efficiency of the day
schools by providing the best available teachers, up-to-date buildings and equipment
and enlarged playgrounds and garden plots. The practical lessons in agriculture,
domestic science, household economy, sanitation and hygiene are showing good
results in the Indians' homes and surroundings.
RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS.
The work carried on in the boarding and industrial schools is showing steady
progress. These institutions are full to their limit, which is a sure indication of the
appreciation of Indian parents.
GENERAL REMARKS.
During the last fiscal year twenty-one girl and thirty-four boy ex-pupils were
assistetl to the extent of $4,908.11. Ex-pupils have refunded on loans during the past
fiscal year $1,348.07.
In addition to the above expenditure the ex-pupils of the File Hills colony were
n-^sisted to purchase seed grain to the amount of $2,663.74. This assistance was given
ou account of the severe losses these ex-pupils suffered through having their crops
hailed out during the summer of 1915. This aid will be refunded by these ex-pupils
from the proceeds of their crops.
There are a number of orphan and neglected children who have been placed in
iiaritable institutions, established in different provinces, chiefly Quebec and the
Maritime Provinces, where there are no residential Indian schools, for whose main-
tenance the department pays a per capita grant. The training at these institutions
is excellent, and the children benefit from contact wath whites. The number of Indian
children placed in institutions of this class is about 120.
In addition to the children placed in charitable ina|stutions, the Department
allows a per capita grant for about 30 children who are attending institutions of
higher education. Some of these institutions attended by Indians are McGill Uni-
versity, Grand Ligne Mission, Pointe-Aux-Trembles Institute, Levis College,
(^lebec Seminary, Xicolet College, Dartmouth College. St. Laurent. Aylmer Cun-
vent and Lachine Convent in the province of Quebec, and St. Joseph's University,
Miscouche Convent and Carleton Convent in the Maritime Provinces.
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 01; number of pupils enrolled, 48; average
attendance, 23 .
Rev. John A. McDonald, the Indian superintendent, reports on educational
matters as follows: —
Lennox hi and Day School.
M The teacher, Jacob Sark, is becoming more proficient, and the school has retained
•-'' its reputation. The pupils are bright and eager to study. The attendance is irregular
at <?ome periods of the year.
124 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
RocJcy Point Day School.
This school is taught by Mr. Peter Scully. Good work is being done.
General Remarks.
A number of Indian children are attending the white schools at Richmond, Free-
land, Miseouche and Indian River. Three Indian girls are attending the convent at
Miscouche. Twelve ex-pupils of the Lennox Island school have joined the colours.
NOVA SCOTIA.
ANNAPOLIS COUNTY.
The Indian agent, Mr. G. S. Hoyt, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows : —
Five Indian children from this agency are attending the Lequille public school.
Two of these children are in the fifth grade, and the other three are in the fourth
grade. Another Indian boy is in the fourth grade of the North Williamstown public
school. All these children seem very bright and are making excellent progress.
ANTIGONISH AXE GUYSBORG COUNTIES.
Number of children of school age, 5G; number of pupils enrolled, 42; average
attendance, 17.
Mr. John Cameron, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this
.agency as follows: —
Afton Day School.
As this school has only been in operation for two years, the majority of the pupils
are in the lower standards.
The Indian parents appreciate the advantages of an education and, as a result, the
average attendance is very good, and compares most favourably with the attendance
at the neighbouring public schools.
As yet the pupils are lacking in their knowledge of English, but this drawback is
being rapidly overcome.
The pupils are progressing in their studies. They are obedient, and in this
respect they actually excel the average children in white schools.
The children's dress and surroundings show that the parents are giving due
regard to sanitary requirements.
COLCHESTER COUNTY.
Number of children of school age, 20; number of pupils enrolled, 17; average M
attendance, 5.
The Indian agent, Mr. R. H. Smith, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows: —
MiUhrool- Day School.
The teacher at this school, Miss Jessie Smith, does faithful work, and has suc-
ceeded in maintaining the interest of both the children and their parents.
The children attending this school compare most favourably with the children
attending the neighbouring white schools.
General Kemarls.
Owing to the influence exerted by the school, the children are more intelligent,
neater in dress, and speak more En^rlish. The home life has also distinctly improved.
suFEnixTEXDEyr OF ixnrAX EoucATioy 125
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
E!GBY COUXTV.
Number of children of school age, 25; number of children enrolled, 11; average
attendance, 7.
The Indian agent, "Mr. Jl. A. Harris, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows : —
Bear River School. ^
This school is situatixl in the centre of the reserve. The building is comfortable
and well equipped.
The teacher, Miss A. McGinty, is very painstaking, and the pupils have made
excellent progress during the year.
The parents are taking more interest in their children's education and, as a result,
the average attendance has been most satisfactory.
General Hemarls.
All the children have enjoyed good health during the past year. Education is
effecting a marked improvement in the manners and customs of the Indians.
ESKASONI AGENCY.
Xumber of children of school age, 1!); nunib^^r of pupils enrolled. 'H : as'erage
attendance, 13.
Ilev. A. R. McDonald, the Indian agent, reports on tlic educational matters in
this agencj' as follows : —
.Mr. James McNeil has been in charge of this school for several years. The attend-
ance and progress of the pupils has been quite satisfactory.
Preparations have been made for a school garden, and special attention will be
given to this important feature of education during the coming year.
Education is certainly improving the condition of the Indians. The ex-pupils
are more industrious and intelligent, and show their superiority over those who have
not had any educational advantages. The ex-pupils keep their homes in a sanitary
condition. As a result of education, consumption is rapidly decreasing.
INVERNESS COUNTY.
Number of children of school age, 33; number of pupils enrolled, 32; average
attendance, 14.
The Indian agdnt. Rev. J. N. McLennan, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows :—
Whycocotnagh Day School.
This school is in charge of 'Mr. J. A. Gillis, who takes a "lively interest in the
children.
Owing to the indifference of the parents it is difficult to maintain a regular attend-
ance.
Malagawatch Day School.
This school was conducted last summer by Mrs. Annie McNeil. Owing to the
small attendance it was closed in November.
HALIF.\X COUNTY.
Number of children of school age 38; number of pupils enrolled, 14; average
attendance, 5.
Mr. D. Chisholm, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows : —
126 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Tufts Cove Day ScJwol. J
This school is in charge of a qualified teacher, Mr. G. F. Richardson, who has had
several years' experience.
The pupils are progressing, and the beneficial effect of education on those attend-
ing school is most marked.
The building and furniture are equal to most country schools.
General Bemarks.
At Sheet Harbour, Elmsdale, and Emfield, a few children attend the white schools,
but their attendance is so irregular that no marked advancement is noticeable.
IIAXTS COUNTY.
Number of children of school age, 18; number of pupils enrolled, 16; average
attendance, 6.
The Indian agent, Mr. A. Wallace, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows: — ^
Shuhenacadie Day School.
Owing to the efficient work of the present teacher, Miss M. A. Short, the pupils
are making splendid progress. The attendance at school is very regular, A number
of shade trees have been planted on the school grounds.
General Remarks.
The children show by their language, deportment, and appearance that they have
benefited by education.
KINGS col:nty.
Number of children of school age, 23; number of pupils enrolled at school, 9.
Mr. C. E. Beckwith, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows : —
There are no Indian schools in this agency, but a number of Indian children
attend the neighbouring white schools.
As the -Indians are anxious for their children to be educated, their attendance is
quite regular. The Indians of this agency can read and write,_and are much inter-
ested in the news of the day, especially the war news.
LUNENBURG COUNTY.
Number of children of school age, 23; number of pupils enrolled, 15; average
attendance, 9.
The Indian agent, Mr. N. P. Freeman, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows : —
» New Germany Day School.
During the past year the pupils at this school haA'e made excellent progress, under
the guidance of the teacher, Miss E. B. Julian, who is much interested in her pupils.
The buildings are in excellent repair and are comfortable and clean.
General Remarks.
A few Indian children also attend the white schools.
STPERiyTEyOEyT OF IXDI.W EDT'CATIOy 127
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
I'iCTOU COUNTY.
Xuniber of pupils of school apre, 40; uunibor of pujiils enrolled, 2G ; average attend-
nnce, IS.
Rev. J. D. MeLeod, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this
agencj' as follows: —
Indian Cove Day School.
This school is on the Fisher's Grant reserve. It is a modernly constructed build-
ing, large, well ventilated and comfortable.
For some years the school has been in charge of Miss Gertrude McGirr, who holds
a grade "B" provincial scholarship.
Owing to the migratory habits of the Indian families, it is diflScult to secure
::u]ar attendance. Those children who attend regularly are progressing satisfac-
torily.
General BemarJcs.
The careful education of the children by a conscientious teacher has a very good
.•ffoct on the reserve life.
RrCH.MOND COUNTY.
Number of children of school age, 29; number of pupils enrolled, 32; average
:,! tendance, 10.
Rev. R. L. McDonald, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this
-'■ncy as follows: —
Sahno}i Rivfi Day School.
During the past year this school has made satisfactory progress.
The average attendance is not as high as it might be, owing to so many families
leaving the reserves during the summer.
The teacher, Mr. Ernest L. McNeil, shows continued interest in the scholars, and
enjoys the confidence of the parents.
SHELRURXE COUNTY.
Number of children of school age, 8; number attending school, 11.
Mr. J. Hipson, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows : —
There are no Indian schools in this agency, but several Indian children attend the
white schools at Sable River, Shelburne Kiver and Clyde River.
They attend school quite regularly and are making satisfactory progress.
VICTORIA COUNTY.
Number of children of school age, 20; number of pupils enrolled, 23; average
attendance, 11.
Mr. J. E. Campbell, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this
'•■ncy as follows: —
Middle River Day School.
The sanitary conditions and the equipment of this school are excellent. Very
satisfactory progress has been made during the year under the efficient management
of the teacher, Mr. J. A. MacRae. The pupils are tidy and clean and, with the excep-
tion of one or two, are obedient.
By supplying a mid-day lunch at the school the average attendance has been
increased. The parents are anxious for their children to receive the benefit of edu-
cation.
128 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
YARMOUTH COUNTY.
Number of children of school age, 11; Number of children attending schools, 4-
The Indian agent, Mr. W. H. Whelan, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows: —
The Indian agent, Mr. W. H. Whalen, reports on the educational work in this
Tusket, Tusket Forks, Hectanooga and Yarmouth.
From the reports received the children are well-behaved and learn very quickly.
NEW BRUNSWICK.
NOBTHEASTERN DIVISION.
Number of children of school age, 171; number of pupils enrolled, 150; average
attendance, 82.
The Indian superintendent. Col. J. B. Sheridan, reports on the educational
work in this superintendency as follows: —
Big Cove School, Kent County.
This school is located on the Big Cove reserve. The present teacher, Miss A.
McLaughlin, holds a second-class teacher's license for the province of New Bruns-
wick. She takes a great interest in the school. In addition to the regular studies,
instruction is also given in sewing and fancy-work.
Burnt Church School, Northumberland County.
This is an up-to-date school. The teacher. Miss Harriet E. Keating, holds a
third-class license for the province of New Brunswick. She is a very good teacher
and her pupils are making good progress. In addition to the regular studies, she
gives instructions in knitting, sewing and fancy-work. This school has a school
garden.
Eel River School, Restigouche County.
This is a splendid building located in the centre of the reserve. The school is
in charge of Miss Marie LeBlanc. The attendance is good and the children have
made splendid progress during the short time there has been a school on this reserve.
This teacher also teaches sewing and knitting.
Red Bank School, Northumberland County.
This school was opened in 1'914. Miss Ena Cormier, the teacher, is doing good
work. She also gives instruction in sewing and knitting.
Eel Ground School, Northumberland County.
This school is well situated on high ground, near the Miramichi river. The
teacher is Miss Margaret Isaacs, a Micmac Indian girl, who received her education
in the province of Quebec. The children are making good progress. The attendance
is very good. Miss Isaacs also instructs her pupils in sewing and fancy-work. She
also instructs the women of the band in cooking and general household work.
General Remarhs.
There are no Indian day schools on the other reserves, but the Indian children
are permitted to attend the neighbouring white school upon payment of a small
tuition fee. At Dorchester several of the Indian children who attend the school in
the town, are making very good progress. The Indian children lea^n to read and
write very quickly. Their writing and drawing are exceedingly good.
I think education is going to make a marked improvement upon the present
generation.
svPERiyTEyDEyr of ixdian education 129
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
SOUTHWESTERN DIVISION.
Number of children of school age, 76; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
83; average attendance at day schools, 53.
The Indian agent, Mr. B. J. Griffiths, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows: —
]YoodstocJc Day School.
Miss Genevieve Brophy, the teacher, is painstaking. The attendance is very regu-
lar and the pupils are making steady progress.
Kingsclear Day School.
This reserve possesses a good school, which is well cared for. The teacher is Miss
Florence O'Brien, who holds a superior license.
St. Mary's Day School.
This school is in charge of Miss Mary T. Hughes, whose work is deserving of
great praise. The attendance is good. The children are neat and clean.
Oromocto Day School.
The teacher is Mrs. Blanche McCaffrey. The attendance is irregular, owing to
the roving habits of the Indians.
General Remarks.
Calisthenics, plain sewing and knitting are taught in all the Indian schools, and
I believe are of great benefit to the children.
NOHTHERN DH^ISION.
Number of children of school age, 60; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
52; average attendance at day schools, 39.
Mr. N. J. Wootten, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows: —
Edmunchton Day School.
The teacher. Miss Annie Michaud, holds a third-class provincial license, and has
been in charge of the school about two years.
The pupils are very regular in their attendance at school, the daily average being
about twelve. The pupils are showing good progress in reading, writing, spelling and
drawing.
Lessons are given in physical drill and hygiene. The girls are given special
instruction in sewing and knitting.
The school building is new and in good condition. A school garden has been
successfully cultivated.
Tohique Day School.
Miss Ethel McGrand, who holds a second-class provincial license, has been the
teacher for the last five years.
Good progress is being made in all grades. The school-house is in good con-
dition. Very little interest has been taken in agriculture by the pupils, as for the
past three years they have had no school garden.
Education has had a good effect upon the reserve life. The ex-pupils are making
good progress and, as a rule, have shown that education has been a help to them.
27— ii— 9
130 DEPARTMENT OF lyOIAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
QUEBEC.
BERSIMIS AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 111; number of pupils enrolled, 72; average
attendance, 43.
The Indian agent, Jos. Fx. Bosse, M.D., reports on the educational work in this
agency, as follows: —
Bersimis Day School.
This school is conducted by Sisters St. Eugene and St. Eaphael, of the Order of
Our Lady of Good Counsel.
The number attending this school is less than it should be, owing to the children
accompanying their parents to the woods for long periods.
The school consists of two class-rooms, with a teachers' residence in connection.
Escoumains Day School.
The Indian children on the Escoumains reserve attend this school.
The children are making marked progress in their studies. The improvement in
reserve life can be attributed to education.
CAUGHXAWAGA AGEXCY.
Xumber of children of school age, 508; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
373; average attendance at day schools, 262; number attending Mount Elgin indus-
trial, 11; number attending Spanish Eiver industrial, 41; number attending Shing-
wauk Home, 2 ; number attending St. Joseph's orphanage, Ottawa, 27 ; number attend-
ing St. Patrick's orphanage, Ottawa, 4.
The Indian agent, Mr. J. M. Brosseau, reports on the educational work in the
agency as follows: —
Caughnatvaga Village Schools.
The two Roman Catholic schools in the village are large brick buildings.
Since January, 1915, they have been in charge of the Sisters of Ste Anne, with
Rev. Sister M. Edward, as principal. The sisters have the confidence of their pupils,
who are advancing rapidly in their studies. The average attendance at these two
schools is now more than 90 per cent of the enrolment.
The Protestant school in the village is taught by Miss Margaret Matthews.
St. Isidore Road School.
This school is taught by Mrs. J. S. Twoaxe. The average attendance is very
satisfactory.
Bush School.
For several years this school has been in charge of Mrs. A. Beauvais, who is a very
successful teacher.
General Remarks.
These schools oifer every educational advantage for the pupils.
The parents are anxious to have their children receive an education, the good
effects of which are felt more and more.
Ex-pupils are succeeding very well.
LORETTE AGENCY.
Xumber of children of school age, 102; number of pupils enrolled, 70; average
attendance, 65.
The Indian agent, Mr. A. O. Bastien. reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows: —
srPFifiyTFXDEyT of ixniAS fdvcatiox 131
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Lorefte Day School.
Tliis school is in Lorette village and is under the sisters of the Congrepration of
Perpetual Help.
Sister St. Jean Berchmans teaches the senior class and Sister Ste. Agathe 's in
charfre of the preparatory class.
Aprricultnral instruction is given in addition to the regular studies.
General BemarTis.
Tliree ex-pupils of the Lorette day school arc attending the Christian Brothers'
Sfliool this year, and are proving themselves excellent pupils.
As a result of education we find marked improvement in the hand. Practicallj',
everyone is now able to write.
MANIWAKl AGENCY.
Xumber of children of school age, 70; number of pupils enrolled, 43; average
attendance, 21.
Mr. E. S. Gauthier. the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this
agency, as follows: —
Congo Bridge Day School.
This school is five miles from Maniwaki and is taught by Miss Helen Jane White.
In addition to the usual curriculum of studies, the girls are taught sewing, knitting
and cooking.
Maniwaki Day School.
This school is taught by Miss Margaret McCaffrey. Sewing, knitting, and cooking
arc taught, in addition to the usual subjects.
The attendance at both schools is improving, and satisfactory progress has been
made.
General RemarTcs.
Education greatly contributes to the welfare of the Indians, as it enables them to
' act intelligently in all matters concerning themselves.
MARU .AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 30; number of pupils enrolled, 25; average
attendance, 14.
The Indian agent, Rev. J. D. Morin, reports on educational matters in this agency
;is follows: —
Maria Day School.
This school has been in existence for the past thirty years.
Through the good work of Miss J. Audet, who has taught th^ school for the last
tive years, there has been a marked improvement.
All the children speak English, French and Micmac are also taught,
A school garden has been cultivated during the past year.
General Remarks.
It is noted that education is more beneficial for the girls than the boys, as the
rmcr spend a longer time at school. The good results of education are shown in the
improvement of the reserve life.
27— ii— 9A
132 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
OKA AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 94; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
34; average attendance at day schools, 13; number attending Shingwauk Home, 17.
The Indian agent, Mr. C. F. Bertrand, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows: —
Oka Country School.
At this school all instruction is in the English language. Miss L. E. Dickinson
is the teacher, and fair progress is being made by the pupils in attendance.
General RemarTcs.
A number of Indian children residing in the village of Oka attend the white
schools. The boys attend the Christian Brothers' school, and the girls attend the
school conducted by the Sisters of Notre Dame. The children at these schools are
making satisfactory progress.
In addition to the above, the following are attending outside schools: one at St.
Laurent College, Montreal; one at Hospice St. Antoine, Longueuil; two at the
Seminary of St. Sulpice; and one at Cornwall public school.
PIERREVILLE AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 49; number of pupils enrolled, 82; average
attendance, 58.
The Indian agent, Mr. H. Niquet, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows: —
St. Joseph's Academy (Roman Catholic).
This school was repaired last summer and is now well equipped. A new heating
plant was also installed.
The Grey Nuns have had charge of this school for several years and are popular
with both the pupils and their parents. Instruction is given in sewing, music,
domestic science and commercial work.
Through the kindness of the missionary, Kev. Joseph de Gonzague, land for a
school garden was placed at the disposal of the nuns last year. The pupils derived
much benefit from the lessons in agriculture that they received.
Protestant School.
This school was also repaired this year, and is very comfortable.
Mr. H. L. Masta, a member of the Abenakis band, is in charge, and the progress
of the pupils is most satisfactory.
Instruction is given in English, French and Abenakis. Some of the ex-pupils
of this school are continuing their studies at different colleges. Two of the former
pupils of this school hold good positions.
POINTE BLEUE AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 12'6; number of children enrolled, 62; average
attendance, 44.
The Indian agent, Mr. A. Tessier, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows: —
The Montagnais reserve of Pointe Bleue has a fairly large school, well lighted,
and provided with a good system of ventilation and modern furniture. It is kept in
a state of cleanliness both inside and outside. The yard and surroundings are care-
fully kept by the pupils during the hours of recreation. Good order is maintained
in the class-room.
I
SUPERiyTEyOENT OF INDIAN EDUCATION 133
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
The Eeverend Sisters Marie Antoinette and St. Louis, who give all their zeal
and devotion to the direction of the school, ought to be happy at the good results
obtained.
As in previous years, they received from the school inspector for the county the
remark " excellent " at the examinations in summer and in winter.
On their side the pupils show much ambition and good will, and each year they
make marked progress. One observes in addition that the education received at the
school bears good results among the families, where it softens the manners and habits.
The attendance this year was not so good as usual, owing to an epidemic of
grippe, some cases of whooping-cough, and especially to the fact that many of the
parents, who are in the habit of leaving their children on the reserve in order to
enable them to follow the classes during the winter, were compelled to take the latter
with them to the woods on account of the cost of living and the hard times.
RISTIGOUCIIE AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 105; number of pupils enrolled, 78; average
attendance, 48.
Mr. J. A. Pitre, the Indian agent, reports on the school in this agency as follows : —
The day school in this agency is under the charge of the Sisters of the Holy
Rosary, who are qualified teachers. They are doing faithful work and have been
reported on favourably by the inspector.
In addition to the regular studies instruction is given in sewing, dressmaking,
cooking, and general housework.
Two large class-rooms furnish ample accommodation for the pupils in attendance.
ST. REGIS AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 323; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
226; average attendance at day schools, 138; number attending Spanish River indus-
trial, 14; number attending St. Patrick's orphanage, Ottawa, 4; number attending
Cornwall high school, 10.
Mr. F. E. Taillon, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows: —
Chenail School.
Miss K. MeCafFrey, a qualified teacher, is in charge of this school. She is doing
excellent work, and her pupils are attending regularly. Prizes were awarded to
worthy pupils at the close of the school year.
Chetlain School.
The teacher, Mrs. P. ^McDonal, has been very successful at this school. A school
garden will be cultivated this year.
Cornwall Island School.
Mrs. !M. O'Hare, the present teacher, is doing faithful work at this school and
is meeting with much success.
St. Regis Island School.
Miss L. McGoey, who is the teacher at this school, is doing excellent work.
A school garden will be cultivated this year,
St. Regis Village School.
The teacher, ^[iss X. Keon, is doing good work here. During the past year the
school grounds have been fenced and a cement walk laid from the street to the school.
134 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
General Remarks.
At Christinas suitable exercises were held in the schools, and excellent pro-
grammes were carried out by the pupils.
The inspector has graded these schools as first-class and has compared them
favourably with the white schools.
Thanks are due the teachers for their untiring zeal and energy in their work,
and for the excellent feeling that has existed during the past year. The average
attendance has been very good.
TIMISKAMIXG AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 54; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
124; average attendance at day schools, Y4; number attending Spanish River indus-
trial school, 3.
The Indian agent, Mr. J. A. Renaud, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows: —
Timishaming Day School.
This school is located about one mile north of the village of North Timiska-
ming. It is in charge of Sister Monica, a member of the Order of the Sacred Heart,
which has a residence in North Timiskaming. The pupils are bright and obedient,
and those attending school regularly are making fair progress.
Summer Schools.
During the months of June, July and August summer schools were condiicted at
Abitibi by ]\Iiss M. A. McDonald, at Long Point by Miss Jane Wabie and at Wolf
Lake by Miss Agnes Robinson. I have had the pleasure of visiting these schools
during the summer and I can say that the pupils are making progress from year to
year. The pupils are attentive and obedient, and have much respect for the teacher.
General RemarJcs.
Education in my agency has had much to do for the welfare of the Indians.
The majority can write and read fairly well, which is a great advantage for them
when transacting business with white people.
ONTARIO.
ALNWICK AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 57; number of pupils enrolled at day school,
58; average attendance at day school, 27; number attending Mount Elgin Insti-
tute, 3.
Mr. W. R. Coyle, the Indian agent, reports on educational matters in this
agency as follows : —
Alnwich Day School.
The teacher, Mr. F. J. Joblin, has been in charge of this school for the past
eight years. He is energetic and painstaking, and the children are progressing in
their studies.
The school and its surroundings are kept clean.
Last summer a plot of ground was fenced and cultivated for a school garden,
which will be started this year.
I
SVPERiyTEXDEyT OF ISDIAX EDUCATION 135
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
General Remarks.
Education is having a beneficial cfTect on this reserve. The Indian children
compare favourably with the neighbouring white pupils. Practically all Indians on
tins reserve speak English.
The ex-pupils are doing well, and many hold positions of trust.
C.\R.\n()C AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 260; number of pupils enrolled at day
schools, 198; average attendance at day schools, 86; number attending Mount Elgin
industrial, 47; number attending Mohawk Institute, 14.
The Indian agent, Mr. H. Janes, reports on the educational work in this agency,
as follows: —
There are five day schools in this agency, two on the Oneida reserve and three
on the Chippewa reserve.
Oneida No. 2 School.
Mr. H. C. Jamieson, an Oneida Indian, teaches at this school. He holds a third-
class certificate and is doing very good work.
Oneida No. S School.
This is a brick building with basement and furnace. The teacher is Miss V.
rsims, and the pupils are progressing under her care.
River Settlement School.
Miss Mary Vining, who holds a second-class certificate, teaches this school,
(iood work is being done here.
Back Settlement School.
This is a new frame building situated in the centre of the Chippewa reserve.
This school is taught by Mr. Lyman Fisher.
Bear Creek School.
Miss Annie McDougall is in charge of this school. The children are making
► satisfactory' progress in their studies.
General Remarks.
Each school in this agency had a garden last year. At home each pupil had a
garden plot, which was cviltivated under the supervision of the teacher. On Sep-
tember 23, a school fair was held and prizes were given the children. The exhibits
at this fair proved that a great interest had been taken in this work by the pupils.
It can be definitely stated that education is having a most beneficial effect on
tli>' Indians of this agency.
CAPF. CHOKER .\GENCY.
Xumber of children of school age, 64; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
: average attendance at day schools, 56; number attending Spanish River indus-
d, 10.
The Indian agent, Mr. A. J. Duncan, reports on the educational work in this
ucy as follows: —
136 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Cape Croher No. 1 Day School.
This school is taught by Miss Mary Moffitt. The children of this section show
steady improvement in their studies. Manual training is taught at this school. The
older boys have made chairs, bookcases and cupboards.
Agriculture has not been neglected, and the pupils cultivate a garden at the
school and garden plots at their homes. The teachers and pupils visit these home
gardens at least twice a month. Several of the pupils were successful in winning
prizes at the fall fair.
The girls are taught sewing, knitting and cooking.
Sidney Bay No. 2 Day School.
This school is in charge of Miss I. Mclvor ^'ho takes great interest in her
pupils. A school garden is cultivated every year with very satisfactory results.
Fori Elgin No. S Day School.
This school is taught by Mr. Thomas Jones. A school garden will be cultivated
this year. Mrs. Jones is teaching sewing and knitting to the girls.
General Remarks.
All the schools in this agency are built of stone. They have individual desks and
libraries. All the young men and women speak English fluently. There is consider-
able advancement in agriculture.
CHAPLEAU AGENCY.
Xumber of pupils of school age, 150; number of pupils enrolled at Chapleau
boarding, 25 ; number attending Shingwauk Home, 9.
The Indian agent, Mr. W. McLeod, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows: —
Chapleau Boarding School.
The principal of this instiution is the Rev. G. Prewer, wlio is assisted in his work
by a staff of two. All the pupils have made good progress in the eurricnium
of studies prescribed by the department. On account of Mr. Prewer being able to
speak the Indian language it is a great advantage to him when teaching the children
the English language, which he takes a great interest in doing. Two half days are
taken from the class work each week, when the boys are employed at gardening and
other outside work, and the girls are given special instruction in sewing, cooking and
mending. Two or three of the ex-pupils are married and live on the reserve. These
seem to have profited by the education they have received.
In his annual report the principal, Rev. Geo. Prewer, says : "The whole interior of
the main building was thoroughly cleaned and renovated during the summer holi-
days. The public school inspector commented favourably on the marked improvement
in the work of the pupils. A splendid vegetable garden was cultivated."
General Remarks.
There are no day schools in this agency, but a number of Indian children, who
live in the town of Chapleau, attend the public school and are making satisfactory
progress.
CHRISTIAN ISLAND AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 55; number of pupils enrolled, 32; average
attendance, 14.
The Indian agent, Mr. C. J. Picotte, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows: —
svPERiyTEyoEyT OF lyDiAy EurcATioy 137
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
The work at this school has been rather disorganized during the past year, as the
former teacher, Mr. James Oliver, left at midsummer, and there was considerable
difficulty in securing a suitable teacher. A conii^etent teacher is now in charge of
the school, and it is expected that the pupils will progress as favourably as they did
imder Mr. Oliver. The attendance is regular and the parents are taking a marked
interest in the school.
No school garden was cultivated owing to the aridity of the soil, but trnrden
plots will be tried this spring.
General JRemarJcs.
The Indian language is spoken on the reserve, but, with few exceptions, all the
Indians speak and write English. The benefits of education are shown by the good
behaviour of the Indians at public gatherings.
FORT WILLUM AGEXCT.
Xumber of children of school age, 2ST; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
170; average attendance at day schools, S3; number enrolled at Fort William orphan-
age, 13; number attending Shingwauk Home, 2; number attending Spanish River
industrial, 1.
The Indian agent, Mr. W. R. Brown, reports on educational matters in this agency
as follows: —
fountain Village School.
The teacher at this school is Miss Annie O'Brien. The attendance is large and
the progress of the pupils is satisfactory.
Mission Bay School.
Miss Rose Chaput is in charge of this school. The attendance has not been as
large as last year, owing to the decrease in the number of children of school age. The
pupils in attendance are clean and orderly.
Pic River School.
This school is taught by Miss Julia Larch. As many of the Indians take their
children with them when they go on hunting trips, it is difficult to maintain a regular
;ittendance at this school. Those who attend regularly are making satisfactory pro-
gress. A small garden was cultivated last year.
Lake Helen School.
This school has been in operation for some years, and a number of the Indians
are very careless about sending their children to school regularly. This school is
taught by Miss C. Harrison.
Mohert School.
This school was opened in September, 1915, and is in charge of Mrs. E. McGillis.
The attendance has been very regular and the children are showing marked improve-
ment, both in their studies and in their i>ersonal appearance.
Gull Bay School.
This school was opened in September, 1915, and was placed in charg eof Mr.
Dominic Ducharme.
Before the school was opened the children at this place could not speak or under-
stand English, but, under Mr. Ducharme, they are progressing splendidly.
138 DEPART3IEXT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Pays Plat School.
This school was re-opened in January, 1916. Every child of school age on the
reserve is attending regularly, and satisfactory progress is being made.
In addition to the class-room work the teacher, Mrs. X. McLaren, is teaching-
linking to the girls.
Fort William Orplianane.
This large modern institution is conducted by the Sisters of St. Joseph, at Fort
William. The children are taught sewing, baking and laundry work, in addition to
the regular curriculum of studies.
In her annual report, the principal. Sister M. F. Clare, says : " The building is
lighted by electricity and a modern system of ventilation has been recently installed.
The general health of the pupils has been good."
FORT FRANCES AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 209; number of pupils enrolled at Fort Frances
boarding, 61; number attending Elkhorn industrial, 3.
The Indian agent, Mr. J. P. Wright, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows: —
Fort Frances Boarding School.
This is the only school in this agency that has been open this year. It is situated
on the northeast end of the agency reserve, on Rainy lake. It is three and one-half
miles from the town of Fort Frances.
The staff consists of the principal. Rev. Ph. Vales, Brother DeByl, Mr. Joseph
Grouette, farmer, and five sisters.
The boys in this school are taught farming and gardening and the girls are
instructed in housekeeping, cooking and sewing.
I consider the progress of the ex-pupils of this school to be very good, considering
their opportunities.
In his annual report, the principal, Rev. P. Vales, O.M.L, says: "Particular
attention has been given to the religious training of the children. The health of
the pupils has been very good. The conduct of the ex-pupils is fairly satisfactory."
General Remarks.
I consider that education has a good effect on reserve life, as one can see, in the
liomes of the ex-pupils, a greater desire to better their condition than in the other
homes. Ex-pupils are more intelligent, dress better and are cleaner and healthier.
I think that the careful training and advice they receive at school, induces them to
live morally, and, as the years go by, this will be even more noticeable.
GEORGINA ISLAND AGENCY.
Xumber of children of school age, 21; number of pupils enrolled at day school,
23; average attendance at day school, 16; number attending Shingwauk Home, 2;
number attending Mount Elgin industrial, 6.
The Indian agent, Mr. J. R. Bourchier, reports on educational matters in thi-
agency as follows: —
On account of the lesignntion of the former teacher, Mr. George Cork, the Jay
school in this tigency was closed from the end of December to February 8, when
'Mrs. Taylor took charge. The average attendance for the past year has been better
than usual. I find that those who have attended the day school are very intelligent,
and are well able to conduct any business thev undertake.
I
SUPERiyTEyrtEXT OF IXDUy EDUCATIOy 139
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
CORE BAY AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 121 ; number of pupils enrolled at dixy schools,
^; average attendance at day schools, 47; number attending Spanish River industrial
school, 4; number attending Shingwauk Home, 5.
There were four day schools in operation in this agency during the past tiscal
year.
West Bay Roman Catholic Day School.
This school is a frame building with large playgrounds. There is a good garden
plot in connection with this school in which gardening is carried on by the pupils
under the direction of the teacher. Miss Clotilde Leferriere, who has completed a
course of study at the Guelph Agricultural College. The children show a great deal. of
interest in this work.
In addition to the usual school study, instruction in cooking and sewing is also
given. The children are much interested and the instruction given is proving very
beneficial. Good progress is noted at this school.
Sheshegwaning Roman Catholic Day School.
Miss Elizabeth Leusch continues in charge of this school and is doing good work.
One of the finest school buildings on Manitoulin Island is erected at this point. In
addition to the usual course of school study the pupils are given lessons in sewing
and cooking, and they are deriving very great benefit from the instruction which
they receive in their studies. A school garden is carried on under the direction of
the teacher. The children take a great deal of interest in this work and they had a
very nice garden. Miss Leusch has taken a course at the Guelph Agricultural
(College.
Sheshegwaning Anglican Day School.
Mr. Edwin Weeks is the teacher. He began his duties on September 1, 1915. The
school is conducted in a small frame building. The usual programme of studies is
adhered to, in which the children are making progress. A school garden was in opera-
tion, and although not as successful as desired the children were much interested.
They had better success with their home garden plots, taking a good share of prizes
at Silverwater fair. The parents are deeply interested in their children's education.
Cochhurn Island School.
A day school was conducted at this point from June 1 to November 30, 1915.
-Miss Susie A. Fex was appointed teacher and met with a great deal of success during
the period this school was in operation. This school is under Roman Catholic aus-
pices and was conducted as a summer school only.
GOLOEX LAKE AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 38; number of pupils enrolled, 30; average
attendance, 17.
^Ir. P. Rankins, the Indian agent, reports on the school in this agency as follows :
Golden Lale Day School.
This school is in charge of Miss Catherine Govilet. The children show a steady
improvement in their studies. Owing to the indifference of a number of the parents
about sending their children to school, a truant officer was appointed last year, and
as a result the average attendance has improved considerably.
The Christmas entertainment given by the pupils and the awarding of prizes
had a very good efiFect. Parents expressed great satisfaction at the work that is being
done at this school. The ex-pupils are fairly industrious.
140 DEPARTME'ST OF I^^DIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
KENORA AND SAVANNE AGENCY.
dumber of children of school age, 542; number enrolled in Cecilia Jeffrey board-
ing, 66; number enrolled at Kenora boarding, 69; number attending Elkhorn indus-
trial, 8.
The Indian agent, Mr. R. S. McKenzie, reports on the schools in this agency as
follows : —
Cecilia Jeffrey Boarding School.
This school is situated on Shoal lake, about forty-five miles from the town of
Kenora, and is conducted under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church. Rev. F. T.
Dodds is principal, and he is assisted by a staff of six persons.
A roof was put on the fire-escape during the summer. It is now much more com-
fortable, being clear of rain and snow. Fire drill and calisthenics are regularly
practised. The large class-room is clean and well ventilated. The teacher, Miss Brodie,
takes great interest in her work, and the pupils are making fine progress under her
tutelage.
Miss Stratton, the trained nurse, is giving everj-- satisfaction. She is very
devoted to her work in attending the sick pupils as well as many of the Indians on
the reserve.
The general effect of education is very much in evidence upon the reserve life of
the Indians, and particularly amongst the ex-pupils, who have some nice garden plots
and potato fields.
In his annual report the principal, Rev. F. Dodds, says : " Good progress has
been made in all branches of the class-room. The general health of the pupils has
been very good."
Kenora Boarding School.
This school is located about two and a half miles from the town of Kenora, on
the lake of the Woods, and is under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church.
Rev. C. Brouillet, O.M.I., is principal and is assisted by a staff of seven.
The whole building is equipped with modern conveniences. It is lighted by
electricity and has a first-class heating apparatus in the basement. It is provided
with fire escapes and other necessary appliances. Calisthenics and fire drill are
regularly practised by the boys, as well as out-door sports.
All dormitories and class-rooms are clean and well ventilated. The dining-
rooms are clean, and the food supplied is the best.
The girls are taught general house work, cooking, sewing, knitting, and laundry
work, the boys are taught care of stock and poultry and gardening, in all of which
they make good progress.
The general health of the pupils has been good. Doctor Ferguson attends
regularly to all their wants.
During the year, excellent progress has been made in the class-rooms, par-
ticularly in speaking English, pronunciation of words, and reading.
In his annual report, the principal, Rev. C. Brouillet, O.M.I., says: "There has
been marked progress in the class-room work. The health of the pupils has been
very good. Our ex-pupils are very successful."
General RemarTcs.
The mode of life of these Indians shows that they now realize the benefit their
children have derived from education.
The ex-pupils speak and read the English language. They dress better than
formerly. A number have enlisted and some are now in the trenches, giving a good
account of themselves.
SUPERiyTEXDEyT OF IXDIAX EDUCATION 141
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
MAMTOWANING AGENCY.
Xumber of pupils of school age, 349; number of pupils curolled at day schools,
193; average attendance at day schools, 98; number attending Shingwauk Home, 6;
number attending Spanish River industrial, 27.
Mr. R. J. Lewis, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows : —
Wikwemikong Day School (Roman Catholic).
The principal of this school is Miss Adele Duhamel, who is assisted by Miss
Agnes Kelly. Both are energetic in their work and the pupils are making satis-
factory progress. In addition to the regular studies the boys are taught gardening
and the girls are instructed in sewing, knitting and cooking.
The school garden was a great success last year. A large supply of vegetables
was grown, including twelve bags of potatoes and twenty-five bags of turnips. About
sixty squash and pumpkins were grown, and the cooking class made preserves of
these. Arrangements are being made to supply seed from the school garden to the
Indians of the reserve.
South Bay Day School (Roman Catholic).
This school is taught by Miss Rose Fagan, who is a very careful teacher and
takes great interest in the education and welfare of her pupils. The boys are taught
gardening and the girls are instructed in sewing, knitting and cooking.
Buzicah Day School (Roman Catholic).
The teacher. Miss Lila A. Dodd, takes an active interest in her work. The
attendance during the past year has been very good. The parents are anxious for
their children to avail themselves of the educational advantages offered.
White fish Lake Day School (Roman Catholic).
The former teacher, Mrs. J. Jalbert, jr., resigned at Christmas, and this school
is now in charge of Miss Tillie Fitzpatrick. Satisfactory progress is being made in
the class-room work.
Sucker Creek Day School (Anglican).
This school is taught by Miss M. C. Schultz. Under her guidance the progress of
the pupils has been excellent. In addition to the regular studies the girls are taught
sewing and knitting.
Shegmandah Creek Day School (Anglican).
This school is in charge of Mr. W. D. Murray. He takes great interest in his
work and the pupils are making satisfactory progress. The school is comfortable and
well furnished. A plot of ground is being cultivated for a school garden.
General Remarks.
During the last few years education in this agency has accomplished excellent
results. Those who have attended school dress better and are cleaner and healthier.
All ex-pupils speak English. Many of these ex-pupils show the good results of the
training they- received in the school garden by successful farming. I consider that
the education received in the class-room and the school garden has a very beneficial
result on reserve life.
142 DEPARTMENT OF IN D I AX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
MORAVIAXTOWK AGEXCY.
Number of claildren of school age,. 55; number of pupils enrolled at day scbool,
79: average attendance at day school, 35; number attending Mohawk Institute, 3;
number attending Mount Elgin industrial, 5.
Mr. E. Beattie, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows: —
The Moraviantown school is a modern brick structure, situated in the centre of
the reserve. The teacher, Mr. Beith Gardiner, does efficient work. Particular atten-
tion is now being given to agricultural instruction. A school garden is cultivated and
the best corn grown on the reserve last year was groAvn in the school garden.
General Remarks.
The Indians on this reserve appreciate the advantages of education, and all can
read and write. The Indians are being fitted for any occupation.
XEW CREDIT AOEXCV.
Xumber of children of school age, 48; number of pupils enrolled at day school,
32; average attendance at day school, 16; number attending Mohawk Institute, 10.
The Indian agent, Mr. "W. C. Van Loon, reports on educational matters in this
agency as follows: —
There is one school in this agency. It is brick veneered and is equipped with
modern desks and slate blackboards. Fifteen acres of land, in the centre of the
reserve, have been set aside for school and public purposes. The same curriculum of
studies is followed in this school as in the public schools of the province. The school
has been frequently visited during the year, and everything was found in good order.
The average attendance has been higher than for many previous years.
PARRY SOUND SUPERIKTENDEXCY.
Xumber of children of school age, 120; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
84 ; average attendance at day schools, 41 ; number attending Spanish River industrial,
11; number attending Mount Elgin industrial, 2.
Mr. Alex. Logan, the Indian superintendent, reports on the schools in this agency
as follows : —
Parry Island Day School.
This school is near the town of Parry Sound. A modern building, with teacher's
residence attached, was built here last year. Miss Frances Munt, the teacher, takes a
great interest in her pupils.
Shawanaga Day School.
Progress is being made at this school, which is under the capable direction of Miss
Creasor.
Henvey Inlet Day School.
This school is taught by Mr. Joseph Partridge, a member of the Parry Island band.
The attendance and discipline are very good, and the pupils are progressing in their
studies.
Gibson Day School.
This school is taught by Miss Stephenson, who is a very efficient teacher and is
much interested in her pupils. The children are very intelligent, and compare
favourably with the neighbouring white children.
1
S:r'PEJiiyTEyi>FyT of ISrHA\ EDVCATJOX 143
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
General Remarks.
The children who attend school regularly are doing: very well. Truancy is very
frequent, as the Indian parents keep tlieir children at home on the slightest pretext.
R.\MA .\GENCY.
Number of children of school ajjre. iiS; nuniUcr of pupils enrolled, ;i."i ; average
attendance, 23; number attending: Mount Elgin industrial, 4.
The Indian agent. Mr. C. W. Myers, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows: —
Rama Day School.
The school and teacher's residence is a modern brick structure, with a stone
foundation.
At the front of the school lot there is a row of maple trees. On both sides of tht-
school there are flower beds. The garden is at the back of the school.
The children are m.aking excellent progress in their studies. Miss ,McBain,
teacher of the junior room, takes great interest in the younger pupils, while Miss
Waite, teacher of the senior room, is doing splendid work with her pupils.
General Remarks.
Education is improving resem-e life. The parents are taking a greater interef-t
in their children's education.
The example of the school garden has encouraged many of the children to havr-
plots at their homes. These home plots are carefully looked after.
RICE LAKE AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 62; number of pupils enrolled, 58; average
attendance, 32.
The Indian agent, Mr. R. J. McCamus, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows : —
Rice Lake Day School.
This school is attended by both whites and Indians. Miss M. E. Throop is an
excellent teacher and has perfect discipline. The pupils are intelligent and happy.
The best garden in the county was cultivated at this school last year.
Mud Lake Day School.
Mrs. W. J. llaues took charge of this school last October, and a marked improve-
ment is shown in the attendance of the pupils and in their interest in their studies. A
school garden was commenced last year, and it is hoped to have an excellent one this
year.
SARNIA AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 76; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
81; average attendance at day schools, 3<5; number attending Mount Elgin industrial
13; number attending Shingwauk Home, 1.
Mr. T. Maxwell, the Indian agent, reports on educational matters in this agency
as follows : —
St. Clair Day School.
This school is taught by Miss Alice Matthews. The children are progressing in
their studies. In addition to the r^ular school work the girls are taught sewing.
There is a school garden in wliifh the pupils are niufh interested.
144 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Kettle Point Day School.
Mrs. Angus George is in charge of this school and she is doing good work. The
girls are taught sewing, in addition to the regular curriculum of studies. There is
a school garden here also.
Stony Point Day School.
The teacher at this school is Miss Agnes . "Weaver, who is doing her best to
interest her pupils in their studies. A number of pupils had garden plots at their
homes last year, and were successful in winning prizes at the school fair.
General Remarl-s.
Ex-pupils who have taken up farming, do good work, as a result of the training
received in the school garden. Among the benefits of education on reserve life may
be mentioned the habit of neatness and cleanliness, attained by the Indians of this
agency. An intelligent interest in public affairs is also manifested by the reading
of the daily and weekly newspapers.
SAUGEEN AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 93; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
100; average attendance at day schools, 73; number attending Shingwauk Home, 2;
number attending Mount Elgin industrial, 11; number attending Spanish River
industrial, 3.
Mr. T. A. Stout, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows: —
Saugeen Day School.
This school is in a good state of repair, and is furnished with all necessary
equipment. A well stocked library provides interesting reading for the pupils. Miss
Isabel Euxton is still in charge of this school, and is doing everything possible for
her pupils. In addition to the regular studies the girls are taught sewing and
knitting.
Scotch Settlement Day School.
This is a brick building with a frame dwelling for the teacher. Both are in good
repair, and the school is furnished with all necessary material. Mrs. B. Robb, the
teacher, is doing excellent work. The drawing done by some of the pupils is above
the average of any school in this district. At Christmas, a very successful enter-
tainment was given by the pupils. The girls are also taught sewing.
French Bay Day School.
This is a brick building, with a frame dwelling for the teacher. Mr. T. J.
Wallace, who has taught here for sixteen years, is still in charge. He is doing
splendid work. A plot of ground has been prepared, and it is hoped to have a school
garden here this year. A very successful Christmas entertainment was given, and
the children reflected great credit on their teacher and themselves by the manner
in which they recited and sang.
General Remarks.
The younger people on this reserve are showing improvement in their manner
of living. All show the benefits of the education received at school. The parents^ are
anxious to have their children attend school. Daily papers are read by all. A num-
ber of the young men have enlisted.
i
SrPFRiyTEXDEyT OF IXDIAX EDUCATIOy 145
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
SAULT STE. MARIE AGENCY.
Number of children of school aj?c, 229; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
136; average attendance at day schools, Gl ; number of pupils enrolled at Shingwauk
Home. 85; number attending Spanish Hiver industrial, 26.
Mr. A. D. McNabb, the Indian agent, reports on educational matters in this
agency as follows: —
Garden liicer Anglican Scliool.
For the last ten years this school has been in charge of Mr. L. F. TIardyman, who
is a very capable teacher. The children are progressing satisfactorily in their
studies.
'Mt. Hardyman distributed a quantity of garden seeds among the pupils last
spring. As a result the children cultivated garden plots at their homes and met with
great success in their first attempt at agriculture.
Garden Eiver Eo/nan Catholic School.
This school is taught by Miss K. Tackney and Miss J. McDermott. The pupils
have made excellent progress in their studies. The teachers' dwelling was repaired
this year, and the school grounds were improved.
Goulais Bay Roman Catholic School.
This school is in charge of !Miss A. O'Connor, who is a very painstaking teacher.
The attendance at this school is unsatisfactory, as a number of the Indians move
from the reserve during the summer.
Batchawana Roman Catholic School.
This school is taught by Miss M. F. Mercier.
Shingwauk Home.
I visited this school monthly during the past year, and have no hesitation in
saying that it is one of the best-managed institutions in the country. The principal
Rev. B. Fuller, and his assistants, Miss Fuller and ^Mrs. Thomas, are most efficient,
and devote all their time to the care and education of the children. The pupils are
clean and well-dressed, and are progressing rapidly in their studies. The farm stock
and implements are looked after by Mr. Hayes, who is a very capable farmer. I had
the pleasure of attending the Christmas concert given by the pupils, and I am proud
to say that it could not be excelled in any other school in the province.
In his annual report the principal, Eev. B. Fuller, says : " A new laundry
has been erected during the past year."
The public school inspector reports favourably on the class-room work. Painting,
carpentrj-, shoe-repairing and farming are some of the industries taught the boys. The
trirls receive instruction in housekeeping.
General Remarks.
Education is improving both the old and the young Indians. Those who have
attended school in their youth are anxious for their children to obtain as good an
education as possible. Special attention is being given to the teaching of farming
-and gardening. The attendance at all the schools has been most satisfactory.
27— ii— 10
14S DEPARTilEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
SCLGOG AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 6; number of pupils enrolled, 6; average
attendance, 3.
Mr. J. W, Crozier, the Indian agent, reports on the school in this agency as
follows : —
This is a union school; both white children and Indians attend it. Mass C. G.
Hays, the teacher, appears to be doing her best to assist the Indians as well as the
white children. We find it rather difficult to have the qhildren attend regularly, as
the parents do not take the interest in the education of their children that they should.
The children who attend regularly learn easily and are making good progress. There
was a nice plot of flowers in the school grounds last summer, and the school and
grounds are very nicely kept, being clean and tidy, and a credit to all concerned.
SIX NATIONS AGENCY.
Xumber of children of school age, 808; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
566; average attendance at day schools, 251; number enrolled at Mohawk Institute,
■J44; number attending Shingwauk Home, 4; number attending Mount Elgin indus-
trial, 11.
The acting Indian superintendent, Mr. C. McGibbon, reports on the educational
work in this agency as follows: —
Trustees. — The schools are under the management of the school board, composed
of three white, representing the New England Company, Methodist and Anglican
^lissions; five Indians appointed by the council; and the superintendent, who is ex-
officio chairman. Eegular meetings were held during the year at the council house
and the Indian office, alternately. An annual grant of $8,000 is made by the council
for the payment of salaries of teachers, truant officers and inspector. T. "W. Standing,
B.A., public school inspector of Brant county, is engaged as inspector. The Indian
trustees act as truant officers for the schools placed under their charge.
No. 1 School.
The teacher, Miss Mary Jamieson, is an Indian. She is a graduate nurse and was
formerly a teacher at this school. The school is a new frame building and has a special
ventilation system.
No. 2 School
The teacher is Elmer Jamieson, B.A., an Indian, and a graduate of McMaster
University, Toronto, and the Normal school in Alberta. Mr. Jamieson has recently
enlisted with the 114th Battalion, Brock's Rangers.
Miss Ethel Alexander is teaching the junior division. She is doing good work.
The building is two-roomed brick, with cement basement, and is situated in the village
of Osweken. During the past summer two Kelso warm air generators, with special
ventilation system, were installed. This has improved the heating and ventilating
system of this school.
No. 3 School
The teacher, Mrs. C. E. Scragg, holds a first-class certificate from the English|
army school. The school is a new frame building, with special ventilation system.
No. Jf School
The teacher is Miss Mina Martin, who was appointed temporarily after the resig
nation of Mr. Milton Martin, who enlisted in the 114th Battalion. The school is a ne'V
frame building with special ventilation system and the grounds are ample and wel
shaded.
SUPERiyTENDENT OF INDIAN EDUCATION 147
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
No. 5 School.
The teacher, Air. James I). Mosets, resitrned to enlist in the 114th Battalion. Mr.
Frank Churehill was appointed in his place, but he also resigned to enlist in the 114th
Battalion. Mr. Sam A. Anderson, an Indian, has been appointed teacher for this
school. A new school buildinp:, witli special ventilation system, was erected during the
past summer.
A'o. G School.
The teacher, Mr. John A. Lickers, an Indian, has had 25 years' experience, but nu
professional qualifications. This is a difficult section to work, as many of the parents
are employed as berry-pickers, and remove their families from the reserve in the
.'pring.
No. 7 School.
The teacher, Mr. Garland Chruchill, resigned to enlist in the 54th Battery. Mr.
Almee Martin, an Indian, was appoiiited temporarily to teach here.
No. S School.
The teacher, Mr. H. T. Parker, resigned to enlist in the 54th Battery. Mr. Elaui
Bearfoot was appointed to take charge of the school until the summer holida\>.
No. 9 School.
The teacher is Mr. Jess Moses, an Indian. He is doing good work.
No. 10 School.
The teacher is Miss Julia L. Jamieson, an Indian, who has passed her entrance
to the Normal school. The building is brick and is situated in well shaded and ample
grounds.
No. 11 School.
The teacher, Mr. Victor A. Elliss,' holds a second-class Normal certificate. During
the past summer, a new building, with special ventilation system, was erected and
the grounds were enlarged.
Er-Pupih.
■ Graduates of reserve schools are obtaining higher education as follows : tivc
attending Caledonia High School, two in Hagersville, three in Brantford Collegiate
Institute, two at the Hamilton Normal School, one at the Agricultural College,
Guelph, one at McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, one at Queen's University.
The occupation of some of the graduates is: seven teachers on the Six Nations
reserve; four graduate nurses, of whom one is a head nurse in a surgical hospital at
Sandusky, Ohio ; one in New York hospital ; two engaged in private nursing ; two steno-
graphers in Brantford; three practising medicine in United States; one secretary of
the Six Nations council and one clerk in the Indian office.
General Remarks.
The matter of education has received considerable attention from the couiu-il
! iring the past year. An epidemic of measles and whooping-cough, during the win-
1-. has interfered very seriously with the attendance at the schools. The children
lat attend regularly are making good progress. The war has had a bad effect on the
hools, as so many of the teachers have enlisted; but the school board expects to secure
uipetent teachers in the near future.
■2:—n—10i
148 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
School Gardens.
During the past summer several of the schools had school gardens. Corn and
potatoes were also distributed among the children for home planting. This created
considerable interest among the pupils of the schools. At the Six Nations fall fairs
prizes were offered by the society and the department for the best exhibit of corn and
potatoes grown by the children.
STURGEON FALLS AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 96; number of pupils enrolled, 120; average
attendance, 76; number attending Spanish River industrial, 3; number attending
Shingwauk Home, 2.
The Indian agent, Mr. G. P. Cockburn, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows: —
Garden Village School.
This school is in charge of l^ss Ellen Rutherford. The children show steady
improvement in the regular studies, especially in English. This is now very apparent
in hearing their stories pertaining to the war.
A noticeable feature is the steady attendance. The girls learn sewing and knit-
ting, and arrangements have been made to cultivate a garden during the summer.
The building is comfortable and furnishes ample accommodation for the pupils
in attendance. It is well furnished and is kept clean and warm.
The parents residing in the vicinity of this school take an active interest in their
children's education. The pupils are neat and clean in appearance and well clothed
and take good care of school material.
Bear Island School.
This school is kept open for the summer months only, as the Indian families leave
for the woods each fall on their annual hunt and do not return until the spring.
Miss Mary G. Honan, who is in charge, takes a vei-y active interest in the children,
The general routine of study is followed. The children are bright and learn readily.
The building furnishes ample accommodation for the pupils in attendance, and is
comfortably furnished.
Mattawa Separate School.
In addition to the above schools a grant is paid by the department to the Mattawa
separate school. At this place a number of Indian families, belonging to the Nipissing
band, reside, and their children attend this school. The attendance is regular and the
children are making good progress.
General RemarJcs.
Education has a good influence on the Indians in their manner of living in their
homes. Progress is shown in a marked degree, not only by the pupils attending the
schools, but also by the older Indians. The Indians are beginning to realize the value
of education and to take an active interest in the attendance of their children. The
majority of the pupils converse fluently in English.
The progress of ex-pupils has been very encouraging in many ways. They are
improving their surroundings and are uplifting reserve life. A number of the
ex-pupils in this agency have enlisted for overseas service in the present war, and the
commanding officer of their regiment states that they learn readily and show efficiency
in the work.
SIPERINTENDENT OF INDIAN EDUCATION 149
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
THESSALOX AGENCY.
Number of children of school a^e, 110; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
22; average attendance at day schools, 12; number attending Spanish River indus-
trial, 22.
The Indian agent, Mr. S. ITagan, reports on educational matters in this agency
as follows :--
Spanvih River Day School.
Eev. T. H. Young is in charge of this school. He is doing good work, and the
attendance is increasing every year.
Missisaai Day School.
^fiss ^fargaret Tolley is the teacher at this school. Owing to the small attendance
it is difficult to do satisfactory work here.
General Remarks.
Every endeavour is being made to have agriculture taught. There is a marked
improvement in Indians of to-day as compared with the Indians of a few years ago.
TYENDINAGA AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 277; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
145; average attendance at day schools, 61; number attending Mohawk Institute, 21;
number attending Mount Elgin industrial, 5.
The Indian agent, Mr. G. 'M. Campbell, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows: —
Western School.
This school is at the western part of the agency. It is taught by !Mis3 Pickard,
who is doing good work. I find the pupils are making steady progress.
Central School.
This school is at the southern side of the reserve. It is taught by Miss Fletcher.
The pupils who attended regularly made progress during the past year.
Mission School.
This school is in the northern part of the reserve. It is taught by Mr. Leween,
an Indian. He is doing good work.
Eastern School.
This school is near Deseronto and is taught by Miss Hall. There has been a
marked improvement in the attendance and progress of the pupils during the past
year.
General Remarks.
I have visited all the schools frequently, during the past year, and have found all
in good repair. '
WALPOLE ISLAND .\GENCY.
Number of children of school age, 130; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
99 ; average attendance at day schools, 48 ; number attending ^fount Elgin industrial,
10; number attending Shingwauk Home, 2.
Mr. T. A. McCallum, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows : —
150 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V. A. 1917
M'alpole Island School No. 1.
This school is on tke west side of the reserve, near the St. Clair river. It is
taught by Miss S. E. Wilson, a qualified teacher. The pupils who attend regularly
-are progressing satisfactorily.
Walpole Islojid ScJiool No. 2.
This school is in charge of ^fiss ^.l. "Warnoek. The pupils here are also showing
advancement in their studies.
General Eemarlcs.
A number of the children from this agency are attending Mount Elgin industrial,
Shingwauk Home and Mount Pleasant Institute. Education has a tendency to
improve the Indians' mode of living, and to make them law-abiding citizens.
MANITOBA.
BIRTLK AGENCY.
Xumber of children of school age, 104; number enrolled at Birtle boarding school,
52; number attending Sandy Bay boarding school, 2; number attending Qu'Appelle
industrial school, 5.
Mr. G. H. Wheatley, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows : —
Birtle Boarding School.
This school is located in the town of Birtle, Manitoba. It has a good heating
plant, is well ventilated and has a good water-supply, and sanitary equipment.
Farming, gardening and stock-raising are the principal industries taught the
boys. The past season has been the most successful, along these lines, in the history
of the school. The return from the garden and field crops is as follows : potatoes,
600 bushels; carrots, 16 bushels; beets, 10 bushels; onions, 20 bushels; cabbages, 150
heads; peas, 5 bushels; parsnips, 10 bushels; celery, 500 heads; field roots — mangels,
300 bushels; sugar beets, 300 bushels; turnips, 600 bushels; wheat, 742 bushels; oats,
2,277 bushels; barley, 274 bushels; green feed, 8 tons; and 20 tons of hay put up for
stock. All the work has been done by the boys, who have shown a greater interest
in farming and gardening than in former years. This work is under the supervision
of the farming instructor, Mr. Perry, who thoroughly understands his business, and
the boys are receiving a thorough training along agricultural lines.
The progress in the school-room, especially in the junior grades, has been
satisfactory. Improvement noted in reading, writing and number work. In the
senior grades the progress is not so marked. Senior pupils are very reticent in
carrying on conversations in English.
In the gymnasium the equipment is now installed, and the pupils will receive
physical training, under the supervision of the principal and the teacher. Miss Leslie.
The Cottage hospital in connection with the school is under the management
of the principal, the Rev. D. Iverach; B. A. F. Smith, M.D., medical ofiicer; Miss
White, nurse, and Miss Wheatley, housekeeper. The patients receive every care and
attention, and good work has been done during the past year. On the whole, the
health of the pupils has been satisfactory. The Presbyterian missionaries on tlie
reser\'es take a great interest in the education of the Indian children, and assist in
recruiting for the school.
In his annual report, the principal, Rev. D. Iverach, says : " I am glad to be able
to report increasing interest by all the pupils, thus improving the general standard of
work. This school now compares most favourably with the white schools of this
province. The appearance of the farm has been much improved during the last few
years and furnishes a good object lesson for the boys."
i
i
SrPEni\TF.M)EyT or ISDI.W KPL cation 151
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Ex-pupils.
The Indians, on the whole, are in favour of liavinj;- their children educated, and
the ex-pupils, with a few exceptions, show a good example to the other Indians.
The ex-pupils who are married and are farmings on their own account, are mak-
iu!? steady progress. I might mention the following: Walter Longclaws, Frank
>oaton, Basil Tanner, jr., Willie Seaton and Jos. II. ^[ecas of the Waywayseecappo'.s
reserve, No. 62, and Evan Bird of the Rolling River reserve. No. G7. All have com-
fortable log houses, with shingled roofs and kitchen annexes. They have also the
necessaiy farm implements, and good work-horses and oxen. Several of the un-
married ex-pupils also are doing fairly well. I might mention Sam. Jandreu also
Fred, and Gilbert Longclaws of the Waywayscooappo's reuervo, who have the necessary
farm equipment and work-oxen.
The graduates who are employed as domestic servants continue to give satis-
faction to their employers. A number, however, soon return to their reserves, and.
where the home is a good one, it soon shows the result of their school training. A
number of ex-pupils subscribe for farm papers, also the Winnipeg weekly papers, and
keep themselves well informed on current events.
CLAXDEBOYE ACEXCV.
Number of children of school age, 127; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
loO; average attendance at df.y schools, 5S; number enrolled at Fort Alexander board-
ing. OS; number attending Elkhorn industrial, 25; number attending Brandon iudii^-
trial, 20.
The Indian agent, ^fr. F. W. R. Colcleugh, reports on the educational work in
this agency as follows; — •
Fori Alexander TvmAait. ( aiholic Boarding School.
This is a fine institution and reflects great credit on Rev. Father Geelen, the
acting principal, and his efficient staff of teachers.
The principal of this school. Rev. Father Bousquet, is at the 'front with the
French armj'.
Everything around the school is in first-class order. In his annual report, the
acting principal says: "The boys arc taught shoe-repairing and farming, while the
girls are instructed in general housework. There have been several marriages among
ex-pupils of this school, and these couples are progressing satisfactorily."
North St. Peters Day School
This school is in charge of Mr. Peter Harper, who is a member of the St. Peters
band. He is doing quite satisfactory work.
Brokenhend Day School.
^Ir. John Sinclair is in charge of this school. Owing to the indifference of the
parents, the attendance is rather irregular. However, fairly good work is being done.
Upper Fort Alexander Day School.
This school is taught by Rev. C. H. Fryer, an Anglican clergyman, who is very
competent. Mr. Fryer studied medicine for some time, and is very useful in attending
the Indians when they are sick.
Black River Day School.
Mr. George Slater is teaching this school, and he is giving good satisfaction.
There is a regular attendance at this school.
152 ^ DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Hollow Water River Day School.
Eev. George Smith teaches this school. He is a very fine man, and is doing good
work among the Indians. The children are making satisfactory progress. '
Patapun Day School.
This is a municipal school. It is situated in the municipality of St. Clements
and is taught by Miss M. Eaton. A number of the children from the old St. Peters
reserve attend this school.
FISHER RIVER AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 552 ; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
337; average attendance at day schools, 127; number attending Brandon industrial,
43; number^ attending Elkhorn industrial, 10; number attending Fort Alexander
boarding, 1.
Mr. T. H. Carter, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows : —
South Peguis School (Anglican).
Mr. H. J. Francis is in charge of this school. Attendance is fair. The pupils
are bright and have a good grasp of the subjects taught.
North Peguis School {Anglican).
This school was without a teacher from the end of April until late in October,
1915, when Mr. A. H. Packer took charge. Mr. Packer is a good disciplinarian, an
efficient teacher and has the confidence of the pupils. The children are making good
progress.
Fisher River ('Me'thodist) .
Miss M. N. Royan resigned at the end of the June quarter. Miss M. N, Carter
is now in charge of the senior room, and Mr. W. Stevens, the junior room, in the
splendid new building erected on the Fisher River reserve last summer. Grippe and
colds have been severe at Fisher River this winter and the attendance is poor.
Grand Rapids {Anglican).
Mr. Nathan Settee is in charge of this school, and is well liked by pupils and
parents. The children are progressing under his tuition.
Poplar River (Methodist).
In August last Mr. W. Lee took charge of this school, and appears to be the right
person for the place. He is gifted with good judgment and is very painstaking with
the children.
Berens River (Methodist).
Mrs. Lowes, the teacher at this school, is doing excellent work. In spite of the
sickness during the past winter months, there has been a good attendance.
Deer Lalce (Methodist).
This school was taught by Mr. E. Sinclair, an ex -pupil of the Brandon industrial
school, during the summer months only.
Mr. Sinclair is the first teacher at Deer Lake and was much appreciated by the
people there. With the assistance of his wife he taught elementary education and
domestic science to the children and people in a satisfactoiy manner.
Sl'PERiyTE:yDEyT OF IXDIAN EDUCATION 153
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Bloodvein (Methodht).
This is a summer school, and was again successfully conducted by Mr. J. Everett,
during the past season.
General Remarks.
Taken as a whole, the progress of the pupils attending the schools within the
Fisher River agency is slow, on account of the generally poor attendance. It is gratify-
ing to be able to report, however, that an advancement is quite noticeable since last
year.
GRISWOLD AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 79; number of pupils enrolled at day school,
28; average attendance at day school, 14; number attending Qu'Appclle industrial,
12; number attending Brandon industrial, 5; number attending Elkliorn industrial,
10; number attending Portage la Prairie boax-ding, 15; number attending Birtle
boarding, 5.
Mr. Jas. McDonald, the Indian agent, reports on educational matters in this
agency as follows : —
Oak River Bay School.
This school is in charge of Miss R. Ilavard, who is a very good teacher and takes
a great interest in her pupils. This school has been open for three years. There
are now three grades and the teacher expects to advance some of the pupils to the 4th
grade shortly. The children are taking a keener interest in the school work. They
come to school clean and well dressed and the parc:its are to be congratulated on their
appearance. A hot meal is served to the children at mid-day. During the past year
a school garden was cultivated by the teacher and pupils. All kinds of vegetables
were grown for use of the school.
Ex-Pupils.
Several have gained their honourable discharge from the Elkhorn industrial
.-('hool this year. Two of these have taken up farming, one of them had sown 25 acres
and the other 15 acres in the spring, and they had this to reap when they were dis-
charged. Another has joined the 79th Battalion at Brandon. The older ex-pupils
are cultivating their land better, and some of them had 37 bushels of wheat to the
acre. They are much easier to work with, as they understand the value of cultivation
much better than the old Indians.
General Remarlcs.
The general eifect of education upon the reserve life is ben^cial.
They are building larger houses and keep them clean. They look after and keep
their stock in better condition. I tell the older ex-pupils to teach their children morals
at home so that in later years they will be able to look after themselves. A number
lif them have taken this advice. T am concentrating my efforts on the younger genera-
tion.
Quite a number of the Indians take a daily paper and keep in touch with the
affairs of the country. They are much interested in the war.
NORWAY HOUSE AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 703; number of children enrolled at day schools,
-1*7; average attendance at day schools, 90; number enrolled at Norway House Metho-
dist boarding, 98; number enrolled at Cross Lake Roman Catholic boarding, 50; num-
ber attending Brandon industrial, 13.
The Indian agent, Mr. J. Jones, reports on the educational work in this agency,
as follows : —
154 DEPARTMEyT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Norway House Methodist Boarding Scliool.
This well-equipped school was opened on October 1, 1914, with an average attend-
ance of 84. The first year has been most successful. The principal, Kev. J. A.
Lousley, is assisted by an enthusiastic and efficient staff. The regular programme of
studies is carried out, and particular attention is paid to the teaching of English.
The pupils have made excellent progress.
In addition to the regular class-room work, instruction is given along industrial
and domestic lines. The female graduates of this school are teaching the older women
of the reserve the proper manner in which to conduct their domestic affairs, such as
dressmaking, cooking, etc. The male graduates are a credit to the school. In his
annual report, the principal, Eev. J. A Lousley, says : " Some improvements have been
made to the main building. In addition to the class-room work, the boys are taught
gardening and carpentering, while the girls are instructed in sewing and general
housework. Ex-pupils are doing well in almost every case."
Cross Lake Roman Catholic Boarding School.
This school, which has been under construction for some time, was completed this
spring. It is built of laurentian granite and is heated by steam. There is both hot
and cold water throughout the building. V ith Rev. Father Lecoq as principal, and
a staff of eight, this institution will be a great factor in this agency.
In his annual report, the principal says : " Owing to the building being only com-
pleted, matters are not thoroughly organized. All pupils are taught English. The girls
will be taught housework and the boys will receive instruction in blacksmithing, shoe-
making and mending nets."
Day Schools.
Jack River school, under the auspices of the Anglican church, is taught by Mrs.
Marshall. Rossville school is taught by Miss Rotan. Cross Lake Methodist day school
is taught by Mr. Johnson Hargreaves. Nelson House Methodist day school is taught
by Rev. W. W. Nutty. Oxford House is taught by Mr. Brisely. Island Lake day
school was reopened on September 1, 1915. It is taught by Mr. John Moar, a graduiate
of the Brandon industrial school.
The attendance at all the day schools is fairly satisfactory. All the teachers are
endeavouring to induce the children to attend regularly,
PAS AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 211; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
1.53; average attendance at day schools, 77; number enrolled at Mackay boarding.
92.
The Indian agent, Mr. \V. R. Taylor, reports on educational matters in this
agency as follows : —
Mackay Boarding School (Anglican).
The Mackay boarding school is situated on the Pas reserve, on Fisher island, six
miles west of the town of The Pas. Rev. L. Laronde, the principal, is assisted by a
staff of eight persons. Of the eight persons, I might mention Miss Willis and Miss
Hopsdel, who are the teachers. Splendid progress has been made in the school-room,
and I must say that the teachers are very painstaking with the pupils tinder their
charge. The girls are taught housekeeping, sewing, and general kitchen work, while
the bigger boys are taught the care of stock, and general work around a farm. The
school site being hard to clear, very little farming has been done yet. The island is
covered with heavy and dense woods and the clearing so far has cost considerable
SVPERIXTEXDEyT OF /.YO/.l.V EDUCATION 155
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
money, and is no.t yet in condition for tlie plough. A good crop of garden vegetable^
was harvested.
In his annual report the principal says : '' Owing to the recent opening of the
school we are just beginning to get matters in running order. The boys are taught
farming and the girls housework. Class-room work is progressing satisfactorily. W.-
have 50 new acres cleared, of which 30 acres are stumped."
Big Eddy Day School.
This day school was re-opened on September 1, lOl;', with Robert Thomas, an
educated member of the Pas band, as teacher.
Fair progress is being made by the children. Mr. Thomas is earnest in his w.irk,
and is endeavouring to improve his pupils in their studies.
Pas Day School.
Miss M. Chambers is teacher here and is doing good work. All the children
enrolled in this school are very young, as the elder ones have been taken into the
^[ackay boarding school. All make a fair showing in elementary studies.
Chemuwawin -Day School.
Mr. R. G. V. Cooper is teaching this school. Progress in this school is good, when
the children attend regularly, but the Indians of this reserve are of a nomadic nature,
^fost of them spend the winter away from the reserve and, naturally, they take their
children with them. Consequently, the children forget all they have been taught dur-
ing tlie summer. The work is very uphill and discouraging on this account.
Moose Lake Day School.
Mr. J. G. Kennedy is in charge of this school. Here also, as at Chemawawin,
the children go away with their parents to the winter hunting grounds and are there
all winter. In summer there is a fair attendance, but progress is slow.
Shoal Lake Day School.
The" attendance at this school is more regular than at any other school in the
agency, consequently the children's standing in their studies and behaviour is more
noticeable. These Indians send the'r children to school regularly and assist their
teacher in every way. Louis Young, a member of the band, an ex-pupil of St. Paul's
industrial school, is the teacher. He has his pupils in hand and takes a great interest
in his work.
Bed Earth Day School.
.^Ir. Fred Young resigned his duties ^s teacher of this school at the end of March
quarter. 1915. His pla(?e was filled by Mr. Francis Daniels, who has been teaching
since. The average attendance for the year at this school is the highest in the agency,
being 15-74 out of 26 enrolled. Progress is fair both in studies and behaviour.
Cuinherlnnd Day School.
The attendance at this school is very small, owing to the reserve being divide"!.
Part of the Indians live at Pine Bluff, thirty or forty miles west of Cumberland, and
a number of their children are sent to the Mackay boarding school . Mr. Joseph
Chamberlain is teacher at this place, and is doing good work.
156 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
General Reniarls.
The effect of education upon Indians is good. This is noticed in their dress
and their manner of living. Their houses are being better built, and are kept cleaner.
The shawl is disappearing from use among the women, who now wear coats and
caps instead.
Yery little progress can be reported regarding ex-pupils in this agency. Those
of them who have learned a trade have no chance in this northern country to put
it to practice. Their example in living and dressing and keeping clean surroundn
ings has a beneficial effect upon their relatives and friends on the reserve. Xearly all
the girls are married and are good housekeepers, while the men work hard at any employ-
ment they obtain. Hunting is their chief occupation.
PORTAGE L.A PRAIRIE AND ^lAXITOAVAPAH AGENCIES.
Number of children of school age, 405 ; number enrolled at day schools, 323 ; aver-
age attendance at day schools, 154; number enrolled at Portage la Prairie boarding,
77; number enrolled at Pine Creek boarding, 81; number enrolled at Sandy Bay
boarding, 54; number attending Elkhorn industrial, 38.
Mr. H. Ogletree, the Indian agent, reports on the schools in these two agencies as
follows : —
PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE AGEXCY.
Roseau River Day School (Roman Catholic).
This school is taught by Miss Godon. Although the average attendance is small,
satisfactory progress is being made.
Roseau Rapids Day School (Undenominational).
Miss Olive Leslie is in charge of this school. Besides the regular school subjects
the girls are taught sewing and knitting. The ex-pupils of this school are engaged in
farming and hunting.
Swan Lahe Day School (Preshyterian).
This school is taught by Miss Bruce, who holds a first-class professional certi-
ficate, and is a very capable teacher. To encourage regular attendance a mid-day
lunch is given to the pupils.
Portage La PraiHe Boarding School.
This school is conducted under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church and is
managed by Mr. and Mrs. Hendry. Miss Henderson and Miss Reid do the teaching.
A large farm, in connection with the school, gives every opportunity for teaching
farming to the boys.
In his annual report the pxincipal, Mr. W. A. Hendry, says : " Splendid progress
has been made both in the junior and senior rooms. English is the only language
spoken in the school. The boys are taught farming, carpentering and painting, and
the girls receive instruction in housework and sewing. The health of the pupils has
been excellent. Ex-pupils are prospering."
Dog CreeJc Day School (Roman Catholic).
Mr. Raymond P. Martel is in charge of this school. Owing to the indifference of
the parents, the attendance at this school is very small.
SVPERIXTENDENT OF IXDIAN EDUCATION 157
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Ebl and Flow Day School (Roman Catholic).
!\[iss Adams is the teacher at this school. The pupils are making fair progress.
Upper Fairford Day School (Anglican).
This school has been in charge of Mr. Robert Bruce. The attendance has been
small, and this school will be closed in the near future.
Fairford Improved Day School (Anglican).
This is a new school and was opened in February, 1916. The building is modern,
and a mid-day meal will be supplied to the children. Mr. A. Hyson is the teacher.
Lower Fairford Day School (Anglicanf
This school is in charge of Mr. Colin Sanderson, a treaty Indian. His pupils are
well advanced. Owing to the opening of the Fairford improved day school, this school
will soon be closed.
Lake Stt Martiti Day School (Anglican).
Mr. John Favell, the teacher, has been in Indian work for thirty years. He takes
a great interest in his pupils. The average attendance is very good.
Little Saskatchewan Day School (Anglican).
Mr. Colin Sanderson has been recently appointed teacher of this school, to suc-
ceed Mr. A. Hyson.
Shoal River Day School (Anglican).
This school is taught by Mr. T. D. Conlin. This school is well attended and the
pupils are progressing.
Waterheii Day School (Roman Catholic).
The average attendance at this school is small. The teacher is Mr. Joseph Inglott.
The ex-pupils of this school are engaged in fishing and hunting.
Pine Creek Boarding School (Roman Catholic).
This school is under the capable management of Kev. Father Leonard. The
teachers are Mother Lawrence and Sister Frances. The pupils are very industrious,
and are well advanced in their work. The boys work on the large farm in connection
with the school. The girls receive instruction in cooking and general housework. A
number of the ex-pupils work their own farms and have comfortable homes.
In his annual report the principal, Kev. G. Leonard, O.M.I., says : " Pupils are
progressing satisfactorily. Their health during the past year has been very good. Ex-
pupils are doing well."
Sandy Bay Boarding School (Roman Catholic).
This school is under the able management of Rev. Father Chagnon. Sister St.
Leon and Sister Calixte are the teachers. The pupils are clean, bright and healthy and
take great interest in their school work. The boys are taught farming and the girls
receive instruction in housework.
In his annual report the principal. Rev. O. Chagnon, O.M.I., says: " The boys
are determined to continue farming after they graduate. Both male and female ex-
pupils are doing well."
158 DEPARTMEXT OF lyDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
SASKATCHEWAN.
ASSINIBOINE AGENCY.]
Number of children of school age, 31; number of pupils enrolled at day school,
30; average attendance at day school, 15; number attending Qu'Appelle industrial, 5.
Mr. T. E. Donnelly, the Indian agent, reports on educational matters in this
agency as follows : —
Assinihoine Day School.
This is an improved day school, and is situated about a quarter of a mile from
the agency buildings. The building is frame with cement basement and is heated by
a hot air furnace. In the basement, there is a well-equipped kitchen and store-rooms.
The class-room is provided with modern single desks and all necessary school supplies.
A mid-day meal is supplied to the pupils by the teacher, Miss G. Lawrence.
Under the supervision of the teacher a school garden was cultivated last year,
and carrots, onions and turnips were grown. Some of the pupils also had gardens
at their homes.
^ Ex- Pupils.
There are graduates from industrial, boarding and day schools on this reserve.
The majority of the industrial school graduates are engaged in mixed farming. The
boarding school graduates on this reserve are young women, and they have proved to
be good housekeepers. The graduates of the day schools are doing well. All ex-
pupils are anxious to have their children attend school regularly.
General Remarks.
EduCfitioii has made the Indians cleaner and more intelligent.
BATTLEFORD AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 157; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
94: average attendance at day schools, 59; number enrolled at Thunderchild's board-
ing, 38; number attending Elkhorn industrial, 10; number attending Onion Lake
boarding, 5.
The Indian agent, Mr. J. A. Rowland, reports on educational matters in this
agency as follows : —
Bed Pheasant and Stony School.
This school, which is under the auspices of the Anglican Church, furnishes
accommodation for the children of both bands. The pupils are conveyed to and from
the school by Indians employed for the purpose, and by this means a regular average
attendance is maintained. This school has made exceptionally good progress during
the year, and the children have shown great improvement. The teacher, who is
energetic, has, in addition to the school studies, instructed the pupils in gardening.
Enough vegetables were raised both for his own and the school's use. The teacher's
wife, who is the field matron, has had a class of girls, whom she has taught to knit
and sew. During the year they have knitted a muffler and a pair of mittens for
every pupil. The girls are also taught to prepare the noon meals. In their studies
the children are advancing rapidly, and many of the children of both bands are
now able to understand and to speak intelligent English. If this school continues
to progress in the future as it has been doing in the past, it will well repay the work
and money spent upon it.
Littlepine Bay School.
This school is under the auspices of the Anglican Church, and is so situated
that no child is more than a mile distant. A good meal has been served the children
every school day. I cannot report that this school made much progress during the
past year.
svPEniyTEyDEyT of ixDiAy EnrcATioy 159
SESSKDNAL PAPER No. 27
PoundmaJcer Day School.
This school is conducted under the auspices of the Konian Catholic Church. It
is held in the church, which is centrally situated and within easy reach of the pupils.
The school has made good progress and the children have advanced in their studies.
A number of them speak fairly good English. In addition to the regular studies, the
girls have been taught to sew and knit. The girls also assist in preparing the noon
meal for the children
Moosomin Day Scliool.
This school is under tlie auspices of the Koman Catholic Church and is held in
the church building. The school is making little progress. Since the beginning of
September there has been a male teacher in charge, and it is hoped that a better
showing will be made during the coming year. Some of the children speak English.
Meadow Lake Day ScJtooI. /
This school is under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church. The attend-
ance is poor and the progress is very small. For a part of the year- there was no
attendance, as nearly all the Indians were away from the reserve.
Thunder child Boarding School.
This school is at Delmas on the main line of the Canadian Northern railway.
The building is modern and up-to-date. It is under the management of the Sisters
of the Assumption. During the year the school received permission to increase the
number of scholars and the enrolment is now 38, with an average attendance for the
year of 33-75. It has been making the same excellent progress as it has done in the
past. The pupils who have been discharged are able to speak and ^vTite good English,
One of them has recently volunteered for the war. The boys are taught a limited
amount of gardening, and the girls are instructed in housework, sewing and knitting.
Music is taken up by some of the scholars and they are making good progress.
Rev. Father A. Watelle, the principal, in his annual report says: "The pupils
have appeared more interested in their class-room work during the year. Their gen-
aral health was good."
Ex-Pnpils.
Red Pheasant Band. — There are sixteen male and twenty female ex-pupils in this
and who have received instruction in boarding and industrial schools. The women
are good housekeepers and, for the most part, look after their children, and keep
them clean. The men are not very industrious, although they are good workers when
they apply themselves. They do some farming and stock raising and work among the
settlers. There is a good market for wood and pickets, and all manage to make a fairly
good living by sale of wood when other work is scarce.
Stony Band. — There are three male and five female ex-pupils in this band. They
have done little farming this past year, but they have made a living by- selling wood
and hay and by working for the farmers. Although they are not showing much
progress, yet, they are less trouble to manage than the other bands, and rely on their
own efforts instead of asking help from the department.
Poundmaker Band. — There are six male and four female ex-pupils in this band.
The men have been fairly successful in their farming, and have had good results.
They do not seem to be able to hold their money. The women look after their houses
well and take good care of their children.
Littlepine Band. — The ex-pupils of this band have done fairly well during the
past year in their farming. Quite a number earned good pay by working for the
settlers during the harvesting season.
160 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Sweet Grass Band. — There are four male and four female ex-pupils in this
band. They are fairly successful in their farming and stock-raising. All made
good money last autumn by working for the farmers. The women are good house-
keepers.
Moosomin Band. — There are nine male and twelve female ex-pupils in this band.
The men are handicapped by being on such a poor reserve, and their efforts at farming
are very disappointing. They hunt, fish and work for the settlers.
General Remarhs.
The education of this agency is under the auspices of the Anglican Church and
the Eoman Catholic Church. Some of the day schools have made splendid progress
and others have been very disappointing. The attendance is larger than in other years,
and more interest is being taken by the older Indians to have their children attend
school. With properly qualified teachers who have an interest in their work, there is
no reason why the Indian children should not advance as rapidly as white children.
They are, on an average, equally intelligent, and when properly guided can grasp
knowledge as quickly as the white child. Many of the children can now read and write
intelligent English.
The Thunderchild boarding school is doing the same good work it has done in the
past, and the graduates are, for the most part, a credit to the institution.
The morals of the ex-pupils have improved. By advice and compulsion on the
part of the missionaries and of the staff of this agency, the young people are being
properly married and are remaining faithful to their vows. For the most part they
are honest and temperate, l^o convictions for drunkenness were recorded this year
against any of the ex-pupils.
The great drawback to their prosperity is the fact that they do not realize the value
of money, and squander it on useless trash instead of investing it or looking after it.
They earn sufficient to keep them in comfort if it were properly applied.
CARLTOX AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 196; number enrolled at day schools, 172; aver-
age attendance at day schools, 90; number attending File Hills boarding, 1; number
attending Duck Lake boarding, 42; number attending Elkhorn industrial, 1.
Mr. S. A. Milligan, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows: —
Sturgeon Lake Day School.
Mr. Geo. Swift, who is an undergraduate of the Saskatchewan University, satis-
factorily performed the duties of teacher at this school, throughout the year.
The children attend very well considering the distances some of them are com-
pelled to travel each day, in fact, were it not for the transportation rigs furnished by
the department, the average of 20 scholars per day, which was maintained during the
year, would have been considerably reduced.
Since my last report I am able to record that a most noticeable advance is
apparent in the pupils' reading and spelling.
The teacher, although a married man, relinquished his position at the close of the
fiscal year in order to become a member of Canada's overseas forces.
Mistawasis Day School.
The attendance of nearly all pupils of school age, living near enough the school
to be conveyed by the drivers, has been satisfactory. As a matter of fact, several of
the pupils have scarcely missed a day during the year, except through illness.
SUPERI^'TENDENT OF INDIAN EDUCATION 161
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
The regular curriculum of studies prescribed by the department has been followed.
The text-books in use are those authorized by the Education Department of the
province of Saskatchewan.
The progress, in almost all subjects, has been satisfactory, in some cases gratifying,
especially in reading, spelling, writing, and arithmetic. The teacher has taken special
pains in reading, attention being paid to inflection, correctness, and clearness in enun-
ciation.
In addition to the ordinary subjects of the public schools course, the Holy Scrip-
tures and primary catechism are systematically taught. The conduct of the children
on the whole has been commendable.
The teacher has sought in every way to quicken within them a sense of honour,
and it is pleasing to observe the way in which the children have responded to the
trust which has been reposed in them.
Encouraged by last year's results we are looking forward to the year on which we
have now entered with much hopefulness as to the future possibilities of our Indian
children.
The Eev. J. E. Smith, the teacher of this school is a graduate in arts of Queen's
University, and a post graduate in theology. He has had three years' experience in
white schools in the province of Ontario, and a year and a half in Indian work. 3Ir.
Smith is carrying out his duties both faithfully and well.
Alitalikakoops Day School.
Mr. Hutchinson, the teacher of this school, continues to carry out his work in a
capable and satisfactory manner. The same course of studies is followed here as at
the Mistawasis school.
The conduct of the pupils has been very fair, in many cases, good.
As a general rule the scholars at this school are diligent in their studies. The
teacher, it is noticed, makes a great effort to render all subjects as interesting as
possible, by placing the matter before the pupils as attractively as the nature of the
study will allow.
The teacher is materially assisted in his work by his -wife, who acts in the capacity
of field matron. She is very industrious, and is well liked by the Indians on the
reserve.
The Mistawasis school teacher is likewise assisted by his wife, and the Sturgeon
Lake tesicher by his aunt. The two latter ladies are also doing good work.
Big River and Montreal Lake Day Schools.
When one considers that the teachers of these schools are of the Indian race, one
immediately recognizes that to compare their efforts with those of their white brothers
is hardly fair. Both Mr. Ahenakew of Big Eiver, and Mr. Settee of Montreal Lake, are
carrying on their work to the best of their ability. The results obtained are fairly
good.
General Remarks.
The effect of the school life upon the children is marked in many respects, and
can be seen in the difference between those who attend school and the absentees. The
child who attends regularly gets a wider view of life. It may be said that the appear-
ance of the one class denotes the result of the exercise of the brain in right channels,
and the other the disfigurement caused by its neglect.
CROOKED LAKE AGENCY.
Nimiber of children of school age, 139 ; number of pupils at Round Lake boarding,
49; number of pupils enrolled at Cowesses' boarding. 45; number attending Qu'Appelle
industrial, 10; number attending Elkhorn industrial, 1; number attending Brandon
industrial, 1.
27— ii— 11
162 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
The Indian agent, Mr. E. Taylor, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows: —
Bound Lake Boarding (Bresbyterian).
This is an old established school, the principal being the Rev. Hugh McKay, D.D.,
who is assisted by a staff of five persons. Miss Munroe, the matron, appears to be a
very capable lady, and has the welfare of the children at heart. The teacher, Fred
Ahetapew, is an ex-pupil of the same school and holds a third-class certificate.
In addition to the class-room work, instruction is given in farming, gardening
and stock-raising.
In his annual report, the principal, Rev. H. McKay, says : '' The pupils have
made good progress in their class-room work. The health of the pupils has been
excellent. During the past two years we have been much encouraged by the progress
made by our ex-pupils. All our ex-pupils are making good livings."
CowessGss Boarding (Boman Catholic).
This school is still under the principalship of the Rev. J. B. Beys, O.M.I., who
is ably assisted by a staff of seven. The children here are bright boys and girls, and
take a delight in proving to a visitor how they are progressing in their studies.
Both boys and girls appear to have marked confidence in themselves. The teacher.
Sister Augustine seems to be a very capable lady, and has the welfare of the
children at heart. The school building is well laid out, and is in good condition.
The stables and outbuildings are well kept." A very good garden is cultivated here
every year, v,'hich is a splendid education for Indian children. Farmnig and stock-
rasing are carried on quite extensively.
In his annual report, the principal, Rev. J. B. Beys, O.M.I., says: " The boys are
taught farming, carpentering, blacksmithing and harness-repairing. The girls receive
instruction in sewing and housekeeping. There was no serious sickness during the
past year."
Ex-Pupils.
Practically all our ex-pupils are capable of showing better results than they do,
but the majority are doing better and I feel that, as time goes on, reports will be more
favourable from year to year. Crops here were very good this year, and good prices
were realized for the grain. The breaking and summer-fallow which was done, was in
most cases well done, and disked and harrowed in the proper way. Threshing was
late and very little fall ploughing was done, which leaves all the more work for next
'pring. There is no question, education has a beneficial effect on our Indians, and I
am sure in a very short time many of our educated Indians will be able to take their
place successfully with white people.
As in former years many of the ex-pupils received assistance through the office,
chiefly in the way of seed grain and orders for actual necessaries to enable them to
carry on their farming operations. In most cases when the time arrived to pay for
thi'; assistance, the amounts due were paid.
DICK LAKE AGENCY.
Xumber of children of school age, 214; number of pupils enrolled at day schools.
So; average attendance at day schools, 49; number enrolled at Duck Lake boarding,
ni; number attending Qu'Appelle industrial, 1; number attending Brandon indus-
trial, 11.
The Indian agent, Mr. C. P. Schmidt, reports on the educational work in this
Rgency as follows: —
S:rPERiyTEyDENT OF /\/>/.4.Y EDlCATIOy 163
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Duck Lake BoarcUiu/ School.
This sohool is located one mile south. of the town of Duck Lake. The principal,
Jiev. II. Delnias, O.M.I., is ably assisted by tlie Keverend Sisters of the Presentation
who have charge of all elass-work, which is up to the standard. The girls are taught
all branches of housekeeping, dairying and gardening. They nuike their own and
must of the boys' clotliing. The boys are taught farm work and stock raising, and
acquire considerable knowledge of carpentry work, blacksmitliing and repairing, by
assisting the mechanic employed by the school.
In his annual report the principal says: " Xew infirmaries have been built during
the past year. All tlie cliildren are very attentive to their class-room work, the ex-
pupils are showing that tliey liave derived benefits from the education they received.''
Jolni Smith's Duij Scltool.
This school is conducted under the auspices of the Anglican Church. The
school building and teacher's residence are new and up to date. Mr. P. H. Gentleman
is the teacher. The attendance is good and progress is noticeable. Mrs. Gentleman
acts as field matron, and gives the girls and older women of the reserve weekly li"^.sons
in sewing and other household duties. The children of this school are given a warm
meal at noon. The school has a garden plot in which are grown potatoes used for
the mid-day meal, and a few vegetables.
James SmitJi's Day School, North.
This school is situated at the north end of James Smith's reserve, and is under
the auspices of the Anglican Church. Mr. H. W. Shaw is the teacher. Mrs. Shaw
acts as field matron for this end of the reserve, and is kept very busy visiting the
different houses, instructing the women in their housekeeping and giving sowing
lessons to the school girls. The children are given a midday meal. The attendance
which, in the past, was irregular, is very much improved, and fairly good progress is
being made.
The school garden is a credit to the teacher and pupils. It is particularly large,
and very fine vegetables have been grown therein during the past summer. These
are prepared for the children with their midday meal.
Jamrs Smith's Day School, South.
This school is situated at the south end of James Smith's reserve, and is under
the auspices of the Anglican Church. Mr. J. L. Lowe is the teacher, and his ]>ui)ils
are progressing. Mrs. Lowe acts as field matron for this end of the reserve. The
girls and older women are taught sewing and knitting by the matron ; also instruc-
tion in housekeeping is given. A midday meal is serve^l the children.
The school garden was a failure owing to the condition of the laud. whi<'h is
new soil, not sufficiently cultivated. Auothi>r year it is exitected that better re-ults will
be obtained.
General Ri'inail.s.
Some of the older, uneducated Indians are indifferent to the education of tlnir
iliildren; nevertheless, the attendance at the day schools is improving.
Education has accomplished excellent results. The younger generation live in
^ uifortable homes, dress well, are clean, and one may converse with them and be
inulerstood.
■27—n—in
164 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
MOOSE MOUNTAIN AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 32; number enrolled at day school, 23; average
attendance at day school, 13; number attending Qu'Appelle industrial, 4.
Mr. T. Cory, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this agency as
follows : —
The day school in this agency has made very good progress during the past year.
Domestic science has been taught during the year, and the girls are beginning to show
that they are being benefited by this instruction. A midday meal is served to the
pupils. The vegetables used at this meal are grown in the school garden.
General Remarlcs.
With few exceptions, the conduct of the ex-pupils is exemplary.
ONION LAKE AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 241; number of pupils attending day school,
9; average attendance at day school, 4; number enrolled at Onion Lake Anglican
boarding, 29; number enrolled at Onion Lake Eoman Catholic boarding, 54.
The Indian agent, Mr. W. Sibbald, reports on the educational work as follows : —
Onion Lake Anglican Boarding School.
Rev. J. E. Matheson is the principal of this institution. Owing to Mr. Mathe-
son's ill health, the management, during the past two years, has devolved entirely
upon ]\rrs. Matheson, M.D. She does her work in a capable manner. Miss A. L.
Cunningham acts as teacher, and the progTess made by the pupils under her charge
has been very gratifying. Calisthenic exercises are taught and they are very healthy
for the children.
On the whole I can report very favourably on the progress made during the past
year. In his annual report the principal. Rev. J. R. Matheson, says : " The progress
of the children in the class-room has been very marked during the past year. Both
boys and girls are taught industries that will be useful in after life."
Onion LaJce Roman Catholic Boarding School.
The principal of this school is Rev. E. J. Cunningham. There are two class-
rooms, the senior room, taught by Sister St. Isabelle, and the junior room, in charge
of Sister St. Mary. Both of these sisters are very devoted to their work, and the
children are progressing very satisfactorily. A number of the older girls play the
mandolin in a very creditable manner. Calisthenics is also taugh>
A fine garden was cultivated last year, and vegetables of all kinds were raised.
This is an exceptionally well-conducted school, and I have nothing but praise for it.
In his annual report, the principal. Rev. E. J. Cuninngham, O.M.I,, says: "The
pupils have been much interested in the class-room work. The boys are taught farm-
ing, while the girls are instructed in sewing and housework. The general health of
the pupils has been good."
Frog Lake Day School.
This school is proving very useful, as the children who attend it would not
likely attend either of the boarding schools. The teacher, Mr. Charles Quinney, is
a graduate of Emmanuel College, Winnipeg. He is very painstaking and the children
are making satisfactoiy progress.
Long Lake and Cold Lake Day Schools.
Schools are being established at Long Lake and Cold Lake, under the auspices
of the Roman Catholic Church. The school at Cold Lake will be connected with a
hospital, which will be looked after by nursing sisters. This is expected to fill a
long-felt want.
SlPFRiyTEyDEyT OF IXDIAy EDUCATIOy 165
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
General Kemarks.
The progress made by tlie male ex-pupils is rather disoourajring. They usually
receive oxen and implements, but do not make the use of them that they should.
The advantages of education are more noticeable with regard to the female ex-pupils.
Many of them have married comfortably, and they keep their homes very tidy. All
('X-pui)ils shov- by their speech and dress that they have benefited by the education
they have received.
PELLY AGENCY.
Xuml er of children of school age, 139 ; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
4.5; average attendance at day schools, 35; number attending Birtle boarding, 30;
number attending File Hills boarding, 14; number attending Qu'Appelle industrial, 14;
number attending Elkhorn industrial, 3.
The acting Indian agent, Mr. M. Christianson, reports on the educational "work
in this agency as follows: —
Crowatand Boarding ScJiooI.
This school was conducted under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church, by Mr.
McWhinney as principal, assisted by four ladies and a farm instructor; Miss Walker
being the teacher. The pupils who attended this school are fairly well advanced in
school work, the girls having received domestic training, and the boys instruction
in farm work. This school was closed on December 1, 1915, as the buildings were
very old and in a dilapidated condition. Eleven of the pupils of this school have
been sent to File Hills boarding school and the others are home with their parents at
present, pending the opening of Cote improved day school.
Keesel-oonse (St. Philip^s) Day School.
This school is owned by the Roman Catholic Church and is attended by the
children of Keeseekoonse. Rev. Father Poulet, O.M.I., is the principal, and is assisted
by a lady teacher. Since Father Poulet took charge of this school the buildings have
been remodelled and painted and are now in good condition. The attendance has been
satisfactory and all children of school age on the reserve have attended regularly. The
educational progtpss of the pupils has been all that could be desired, and an improve-
ment in the cleanliness and general behaviour of the children is observed.
Keys (St. Andrew's) Bay School.
This school is Anglican and is situated on the Key reserve. Mr. A. J. Lawes is
the present teacher, and much credit is due him for the satisfactory progress made
bj- the pupils. During the year the school building and teacher's house were painted
and are now in good condition. A garden has been ploughed and the children will
receive instruction in agriculture next summer.
Valley River Day School.
This school is undenominational and is situated in Valley river reserve. Con-
siderable difficulty has been experienced during the year in securing a permanent
teacher. At the present time the pupils are being taught by Peter Rattlesnake, a
graduate of Birtle boarding school. The attendance at this school is satisfactory,
and the parents seem anxious to have their children educated.
Cote Improved Day School.
This school is being built on Cote resen'c and is to replace the Crowstand board-
ing school. It will be completed in the near future.
166 DEPARTMEyT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
General Remarks.
I am pleased to note the effect that education has in the advancement of the
Indian. In the majority of eases, the ex-pupils are more ambitious than the unedu-
cated Indians. Their mode of living is of a better standard. The girls are good
housekeepers, and are practically as good as many white people in similar conditions.
QU^\PPELLE AGENCY.
Xumber of children of school age, 92; number enrolled at Qu'Appelle industrial,
2ol; number attending File Hills boarding, 10.
]\rr. H. Xichol, the Indian agent, reports on the educational vi^ork in this agency
as fellows : —
I beg to say there are no schools within the limits of this agency, but ample pro-
vision is made for all children from this agency at File Hills boarding school, and
Qu'Appelle industrial school. The effect of education is quite noticeable on the
different reserves.
A few years ago ex-pupils had no voice in band affairs, and were guided entirely
by the old men. To-day it is just the reverse. The young men have a very strong
voice in band affairs, and. as a result, the whole trend of reserve life is showing a
marked improvement. Conditions in the home, and class of buildings erected show
a distinct advance.
It is gratifying to note that the ex-pupils are gradually realizing the benefits to
be derived from the pursuit of agriculture. To-day some of them are storing the bulk
of their wheat in terminal elevators, instead of disposing of it by the load at whatever
price they could get at the local elevators ; they take a far greater interest in their
financial affairs.
TOUCHWOOD AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 156; number of pupils enrolled at day school,
11; average attendance at day school, 8; number enrolled at Muscowekwan's boarding
52; number enrolled at Gordon's boarding, 46; number attending Qu'Appelle indus-
trial, 22; number attending Elkhorn industrial, 7.
Mr. W. ^[urison, the Indian agent, reports on the educational worTc in this agency
as follows: —
Muscowekwan's Boarding School.
This school is situated on the north side of the Muscowekwan reserve and is under
the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church. The staff consists of the Rev. A. J. A.
Dugas, the principal, an assistant priest, a lay brother and five Sisters of Charity, one
of whom is the teacher.
The teacher is capable, and steady progress is noted in class-room work. The
pupils are given regular drill and calisthenic exercises. They are clean and healthy
and there has bef n very little sickness among them. All the clothing for the pupils
is made at the school, by the girls, under supervision. They are also given instruction
in l)utter-making and general hovsework.
There is a well-kept farm in connection with this school, and they have over 100
head of stock. The boys do the work under the capable supervision of the lay brother.
They are given careful instruction in the care of stock and farming and have every
opportunity for equipping themselves with practical knowledge, which should be useful
to them when thoy take up life on the reserve.
In his annual report, the principal. Rev. A. J. A. Dugas, O.M.I., says: "Class-
room work has been satisfactory. All pupils are given a complete course in all trades
that will prove useful to them. Our ex-pupils are settled on adjoining farms and are
making good livings."
SUPERiyTEXDEXT OF IXDIAX EDUCATION 167
SESSIONAL PAPFR No. 27
Gordon's Boarding School.
This seliool is centrally situated on the George Oordon reserve, and is under
the auspices of the Anglican Church. It is conducted by the Rev. W. H. Atwater
and his two dau<i:hters. all of whoni are trained teachers. There is a trained nurse
also, who acts as assistant matron. A new class-room and boys' dormitory has been
added during the past year.
The health durinjif the past year has been excellent. A wonderful change has
taken place in the deportment of the pupils under the present management.
Good progress has been noted in the class-room work. The pupils are given
regular drill and calistlienic exercises, and. during their recreation hours, they are
encouraged in healthy outdoor sports, which develope their physical condition.
The girls are given instruction in sewing, knitting, and general housework.
During the past year they have knitted several dozen pairs of socks for the Red
Cross Society.
There is a small hut well kept farm in connection with the school, as well as a
large garden, which are looked after by the boys. A sufficient number of cows are
kept to provide all the milk necessary for their requirements.
In his annual report, the principal. Rev. H. W. Atwater, says: "In addition to
the class-room work, instruction is given in vocal and instrumental music. The
boys receive special instruction in farming. In all our ex-pupils the good results of
the training received at school are manifest."
Day Star Day School.
This school is situated on the Day Star reserve, and is under the auspices of the
Anglican Church. The teacher, Mr. W. H. Brookfield-Scharpe, is a very devoted and
earnest worker, and his efforts are conducive to good results in the moral life on this
reserve.
The attendance is very regular, as the Indians appreciate and take a keen interest
in their school. During the summer months when the parentis are camped at a dis-
tance, the pupils are driven to school regularly and are adways punctual on time.
There is a garden in connection with the school which is divided into individual
plots and each pupil cares for one plot. The produce from the garden is used to
supplement their midday meal.
The health of the pupils has been very good during the past year. They are
given instruction in drill and calistlienic exercises.
ALBERTA.
BL.\CKFOOT AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 111; number enrolled at Old Sun's boarding.
42; number enrolled at Crowfoot boarding, 45; number attending St. Joseph's indus-
trial, 2.
The Indian agent, Mr. J. H. Gooderham, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows: —
Old Sun's Boarding School.
This school is conducted under the auspices of the Anglican Church. It is
situated one mile south of Gleichen, and can be seen from the town and from the
main line of the Canadian Pacific railway. The present building was erected in 1912.
The NE.i of section 1, township 22, range 23, west of the 4th meridian, is set
aside for school purposes. Twenty-eight acres were cultivated last year. Sufficient
vegetables were raised for the use of the school, and also grain for the stock. The
principal and staff devote their whole time to the instruction and welfare of the pupils.
168 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
In his annual report, the principal, Rev. M. Gandier, says : " The work in the
class-room was never more efficient. The girls have progressed rapidly in sewing and
housekeeping, and the boys are learning farming."
Crowfoot Boarding School.
This school is under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church, and is situated
about half a mile from Cluny. The present building was completed in 1914.
The N.W. 4 of section 32, township 21, range 21, west of the 4th meridian, is set
apart for the use of this school.
About thirty acres were cultivated last year. Good returns were obtained, both
in the farm crop and the garden products. A number of trees were planted in front
of the buildings last year, and these will add to the appearance of the place. The
principal and his staff take every interest in the instruction and health of the pupils.
In his annual report, the principal. Rev. J. L. Levern, O.M.I., says: "The boys
are taught farming, while the girls receive instruction in sewing and housework. All
our ex-pupils are doing well.
Ex-pupils.
It is worthy of note that, although the ex-pupils are in the minority among the
farmers on the reserve, the largest crops were grown by ex-pupils, and also that ex-pupils
had both the greatest average area under cultivation and the greatest average yield
of wheat per acre. The ex-pupils learn modern methods of farming more readily than
the older Indians and their laiowledge of English is a considerable aid in the trans-
action of business. The cattle owned by ex-pupils have shown better returns than
cattle ovmed by the older men. The housekeeping and manner of life of the female
ex-pupils show that they have been favourably influenced by education.
BLOOD AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 230 ; number enrolled at Blood Anglican board-
ing, 65; number enrolled at Blood Roman Catholic boarding, 59; number attending
St. Joseph's industrial, 12.
The Indian agent, Mr. W. J. Dilworth, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows: —
Blood Anglican Boarding School.
The principal of the school is Rev. S. Middleton, who is assisted by a competent
staff. Miss A. Campbell, an Ontario Normal graduate, is teacher. She is assisted
by Mr. T. V. Webb, a graduate of an English school. This school has made satisfac-
tory progress during the year; the enrolment has been increased and the attendance
regular.
There is in connection with the school one hundred and sixty acres of land, on
which was grown, during the past year, sufficient fodder to feed the milch cows and
horses owned and used by the school, and a bounteous supply of vegetables for the use
of the pupils and staff.
In his annual report, the principal. Rev. S. Middleton, says : " There has been great
improvement in the class-room work. The boys are learning farming and the girls
are receiving instruction in domestic science. The conduct of our ex-pupils is com-
mendable."
Blood Roman Catholic Boarding School.
The principal of this school is Rev. Father Ruaux, O.M.I., who is assisted by a
competent staff of the Sisters of Charity. The teachers are Rev. Sister Ste. Gertrude
and Sister St. Patrick. This school has maintained its former standard and has had
a most successful year. The attendance has been more regular and the enrolment
has been increased.
SrPERIXTEyDE2iT OF lyDIAN EDUCATIOy 169
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
During the yoar a plot of grround was broken on which was grown an ample svip-
ply of vegetables for the pupils and staff. The principal and pupils also put up enough
hay to supply the requirements of the school.
In his annual report, the principal. Rev. E. Ruaux, O.M.I., says: "The progress
made in the class-room work has been very noticeable. The majority of the ex-pupils
of this school are farming on tlie reserve and are doing well.''
Ex- pup Us.
While at many times we meet with diseouragemcnts. yet, in spite of all handicaps,
the pagan beliefs and superstitions of the fathers, the dislike of the white man's way is
passing away. Progress is yearly becoming more and more evident in the improve-
ment, morally, mentally and physically of reserve life. Not only is this improvement
apparent in the ex-pupils themselves, but as they raise the standard of living, they
bring up with them their pagan and slothful parents. It can be well said that these
Indians have proceeded a long way towards civilization, and this advance must be
credited to education rather than to any other single agency. Their nomadic traits
are rapidly disappearing and they are yearly becoming more content to settle by them-
selves and to become homemakers.
They have developed pliysieally, largely due to the efforts of the school. The most
outstanding feature is their mental development. The ex-pupils, as a rule, have hopes
of a brighter future. They have caught the vision of what white man's civilization
means. They are content to produce as white men produce, and are weaning them-
selves away from the pursuits of their fathers, and they have a beneficial effect in
persuading the old pagan Indian to adopt the new order of things.
Our ex-pupils, during the year, have done well. They are being given farms
as rapidly as we can supply them with broken land. They are anxious to have their
children educated: and even desire the children to have a better education than they
have had.
EDMONTON" .\GENXY.
Number of children of school age, 114: number of children enrolled at St. Albert
boarding, 94; number attending Ermineskin's boarding, 4; number attending Red
Deer industrial, 18; number attending St. Joseph indu-strial, 3.
^Ir. G. H. Race, the Indian agent, reports on educational matters in this agency
- follows : —
St. Albert Boarding School.
This school is situated at St. Albert and has a farm of about 300 acres connected
with it, so that the children have ample opportunity of obtaining a very good
knowledge of farming. The girls are taught dairy work and the boys are instructed
in the care of stock and horses and the cultivation of the land. This is a great help
to the pupils when they leave the school and return to the reserve.
In her annual report, the principal. Rev. Sister !M. O. Briault, says: "The
stueKes outlined by the department have been taught and the pupils have made good
progress. The boys are taught all branches of farming, and the girls are instructed
in general housework. The health of the pupils has been exceptionally good."
Ex-Pupils.
The progre-s of the ex-pui>ils from the various classes of schools is to a great
extent dependent on the individual. Very often it is found that the boy or girl who
was a paragon at school is absolutely useless when he has to look out for himself and
earn his living by his own efforts. The advice and help of the reserve officials have
little effect on these young men, as they are unfortunately impressed with the erro-
neous idea that they know everything. There are. however, I am glad to say. more of
170 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
the other class, who, siuce their start at farming on the reserve, have made good pro-
gress. I might mention one on the Enoch band, who started about four years ago,
and last year liad a greater crop than any of the old farmers. Another, who has started
only about three years, did well also. On the llichel reserve there are several ex-
pupils of the Dunbow school and all, without exception, have good farms and are quite
capable of handling their business and making their living without assistance from
the agency.
HOBBEMA AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 143; number of pupils enrolled at day school,
26; average attendance at day school, 9; number enrolled at Ermineskin's boarding,
54; number attending Eed Deer industrial, 24.
The Indian agent, ^fr. J. Butlin, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows: —
ErmlnesJcin's Boarding School.
This institution is located on Ermineskin's reserve, about one mile from Hob-
bema siding, on the Calgary and Edmonton branch of the Canadian Pacific railway.
It is conducted by the Eeverend Sisters of the Assumption, under the Reverend
Father Moulin, O.M.I., as principal.
The school building is frame, with a cement foundation, and is heated by steam.
There are two fire-escapes and fire-extinguishers which provide the necessary fire-
protection, and the pupils are carefully instructed in fire-drill.
The school is divided into two classes, one under control of the Reverend Sister
St. Jean d'Avila, and the other under the direction of the Reverend Sister St.
Emilienne. During the year, satisfactory progress has been made. The pupils of the
first class learn English with remarkable facility, and the drawing of the pupils
shows individual merit. In addition to the usual school-room routine the girls are
instructed in sewing and housework, and the boys in gardening. Various forms of
drill are also regularly taught. The musical entertainments given by the pupils of
this school are well worth mentioning. The institution is well managed, and every
apartment kept scrupulously clean and well ventilated. There is a large garden
kept up in connection with the school.
The progress made by the ex-pupils of the boarding school, who have married
and are working for themselves, farming on the reserves, has been fairly satisfactory.
In his annual report, the principal, Rev. Father Moulin, O.M.I., says : " We had
good crops last year. There has been no serious illness during the year."
Samsons Day School.
This school is centrally located on the Samson reserve, and is under the manage-
ment of the Methodist mission. The school building is comfortable and fairly well
equipped. Miss Aylwin, who has been teaching in this school since 1912, is interested
in her work and in addition to the usual class room work, gives regular instruction
in sewing and knitting. During the year, a number of articles of clothing were made
up in the school and distributed to the pupils. The children attending this school are
very young, but the progress made by those who attend regularly has been fairly good.
The system of transport for the pupils and the midday meal, introduced by the
department a few years ago, are being continued here.
PEIGAN AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 80; number enrolled at Peigan Anglican
boarding, 32; number enrolled at Peigan Roman Catholic boarding, 36; number attend-
ing St. Joseph's industrial, 3.
Mr. H. A. Gunn, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows : —
SlPEniyTEMfEXT OF JXDIAX EDUCATIOX 171
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
t^t'iijan Anglican Boarding School.
This school is just outside the western boundary of the reserve. The Imildin^s
are old but are kept clenn Only .seven acres of land are available for cultivation.
Rev. W. R. Haynes, the principal, is the missionary on the reserve. The assist-
ant-principal, Mr. Owens, resides at the school. Miss Gill is in charge of the ela.ss-
rooni work.
In his annual report the principal says : — " The pupils have made good pr(»gress
in the class-room. The health of the pupils has been very good. The majority of
the ex-pupils are doing- well."
Peigan Roman Catholic Boarding School.
There is no farm land at this school, but an excellent garden was cultivated last
vear.
The principal is Rev. Father Lepine. The former principal, Rev. Father Riou,
left last fall for France, as he is a reservist. The teacher. Sister Lewis, and the staff
are competent.
In his annual report the principal says : — " The studies approved by the depart-
ment are taught in the class-room. We are also introducing kindergarten methods.
The majority of the ex-pupils are making a good living."
General Remarks.
The older ex-pupils are progressing favourably. Education has a bcueficinl
effect on reserve life.
SAUCRE .\GENCy.
Number of children of school age. 31 ; number enrolled at Sarcee boarding school.
37.
Mr. T. J. Fleetham, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows: —
Sarcee Boarding School (Anglican).
The staff in charge of this institution (tomprises: Ven. Archdeacon Tims, priu-
cipal; Miss Tims, teacher, Miss C. Tyrrell, girl's matron; Miss Crump, boys' matron;
. Miss R. Quigley, kitchen matron.
' In addition to the class-room wurk the boys are given practical instruction in
gardening. The girls also cultivate garden plots, and arc taught household duties.
In his report the principal, Ven. Archdeacon Tims, says: "Exceptionally good
progress has been made by the i)U|)ils in their cla-ss-room work. The health of the
pupils has been very good. All the ex-pupils of this school are located on the reserve
and are engaged in farm.ing."
Gevral Remarks.
The male ex -pupils are engaged in farming, and the female ex-pupils are employed
in household work. Their advancement is encouraging. The Indians have comfort-
able homes, and practically all speak English.
SADDLE LAKE AGENXV.
Xumber of children of school age, 163; number of pui)il> enrolled at day schools,
48; average attendance at day schools, 17; number enrolle<l at Blue Quill's boarding,
49; number attending Red Deer indu.strial, 31; nvmiber attending St. Joseph's indus-
trial, 1.
Mr. C. E. Hughes, the Indian agent, reports on the educational wwrk in this
agency as follows : —
172 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Saddle Lahe Day School.
This school is situated about the centre of the Saddle Lake reserve, and is under
the management of the Methodist Church. The school was kept last winter in the
Methodist mission, of which Eev. J. K. Seller is in charge. Mrs. Seller taught during
the winter.
During the summer the management of this school was taken over by Miss
McKitrick, who is in charge at present. An Indian house is now being used as a
school building. The attendance has been very poor and very little progress is being
made.
GoodfisJo Lal-e Day School.
This school is situated on the east side of Goodfish lake, in the southern part of
Whiteiish Lake reserve. It is under the management of Mrs. H. H. Howard, with Mr.
H. H. Howard as assistant. A new school building was erected, and a kitchen was also
added to the teacher's residence, and they now have very comfortable quarters. The
attendance has not been as good as it should be.
WJiitefish Lahe Day School.
This school is situated on the northern end of Whitefish Lake reserve and has been
closed since 1910 on account of non-attendance.
Blue Quill's Boarding School.
This school is situated on the western portion of the Saddle Lake reserve. It is
conducted under the auspices of the Eoman Catholic Church and is managed by. the
Rev. Father Musson, principal, and sister superior and staff. This school is imder
very efficient management and is kept up to the standard of efficiency at all times. I
always find good order and discipline maintained. The different class-rooms, dormi-
tories, dining-room and other departments of the school are well equipped, and kept
clean in every respect, as they should be. The pupils are also neat and clean at all
times.
In his annual report the principal, Eev. Father Musson, O.M.I., says: "In addi-
tion to the class-room work, the boys are taught farming and the girls receive instruc-
tion in sewing and housework. The health of the children has been very good. The
majority of the ex-pupils are doing well."
General Remarks.
Excellent results in gardening, etc., were shown by the staff and pupils of Blue
Quill's boarding school during the past season. The flower and vegetable gardens of
that institution were a credit to the community. So far as my experience goes, the
day school is not a success owing to the impossibility of getting the Indians to send
their children to school regularly. In the boarding schools, where they kept all the
time, they make better progress. Generally speaking the Indians of this agency make
very litle use of their education, falling back to their old way of living as soon as they
leave school..
TREATY NO. 8.
Mr. H. Laird's district: —
Number of pupils enrolled at Lesser Slave Lake Anglican boarding, 14; number
of pupils enrolled at St. Bruno's Roman Catholic boarding, 45; number of pupils
enrolled at Lesser Slave Lake Roman Catholic boarding, 16; number of pupils enrolled
at Whitefish Lake Roman Catholic boarding, 14; number of pupils enrolled at Sturgeon
Lake Roman Catholic boarding, 41; number of pupils enrolled at Wabiskaw Anglican
boarding, 17; niiniber of pupils enrolled at Wabiskaw Roman Catholie boarding, 29;
number of pupils enrolled at Fort Vermilion Roman Catholic boarding, 21.
SUPERiyrEXDEXT OF IXDIAN EDUCATION 173
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Insi>ector H. A. Couroy's district: —
Number of pupils enrolled at Fort Chipowyan boarding, 41 ; number of pupils
enrolled at Fort Resolution boarding, 53; number of pupils enrolled at Hay River
boarding, 38; number of pupils enrolled at Fort Providence boarding, (i5.
The large district, under the heading Treaty 8, is divided into three agencies:
(1) Lesser Slave Lake, of which Mr. Harold Laird is acting agent, (2) Fort Simpson,
with Mr. T. W. Harris, as agent, and (3) Fort Smith, in charge of Mr. G. Card, as
agent.
The educational work, within this large area, is dealt with in reports from these
three agents and Inspector H. A. Conroy.
LESSER SLAVE LAKE AGENCY,
Mr. Harold Laird, the acting agent, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows : —
Lesser Slave Lake Anglican Boarding School.
This school, situated about five miles west from the town of Grouard, enjoys a
commanding position on the banks of the Hart river. The pupils, under the careful
supervision of the principal, Mr. Kent, show decided progress in their studies. In
addition to their school studies, the boys receive instruction in practical agriculture,
and the girls, in housekeeping. The school building is comfortable, clean, and well
adapted to its purpose.
In his annual report, the principal, Mr. W. J. Kent, says: "The health of the
pupils has been exceptionally good. Many of our ex-pupils continue to be a great
credit to the school."
St. Bruno's Boarding School.
The situation of this school, on the south shore of Lesser Slave lake, is an ideal
one. It is convenient to the Lesser Slave lake Indian reserves, from which the pupils
are drawn, being located about half-way between the Sucker creek and the Driftpile
reserves — some fourteen miles from the town of Grouard. The pupils here reap the
benefit of the country life, and enjoy all the advantages of the school's situation on
the shores of the lake.
The influence of this school upon the children admitted to its care cannot be
otherwise than beneficial. Excellent methods are followed in teaching the pupils and
they are showing marked improvement in their studies, which embrace the preliminary
ones of a sound English education. They are taught reading, writing, spelling, gram-
mar, arithmetic and geography. They also receive instruction in gardening and
housework. The school building is substantial, w-ell lighted and clean.
In his annual report, the principal, Rev. C. Batie, O.M.I., says : '' All the pupils
have enjoyed good health during the year. Good reports have been received aliout the
conduct of the ex-pupils of this school."
Lesser Slave Lalce Roman Catholic Boarding School.
This school is situated at Grouard, on the shore of Buffalo bay, at the western
extremity of Lesser Slave lake. The school is under the auspices of the Roman
Catholic Church, and the progress made by the pupils testifies to the care and atten-
tion bestowed upon them, and to the excellent methods of teaching employed.
Four buildings are used for school purposes. A large frame building, 72 by 28
feet, contains three well-lighted and heated dormitories for girls. A building, 61
by 25 feet contains a class-room, a recreation-room and a dining-room. The second
floor of this building is used as a boy's dormitory. A well lighted and ventilated
building contains two dormitories, 27 by 16 feet. A two-story frame building con-
tains two class-rooms, one on each floor, 30 by 16 feet.
174
DEPARTMEyT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
The children are well cared for and appear contented and happy. They are
drilled in the elementary branches of a sound education, and are making excellent
progress in reading, writing, spelling and geography. The girls are also instructed
in housework. The boys receive instruction in the care of farm animals and in
gardening.
In his annual report, the principal, Rev. J. Calais, O.M.I., says : " The health
of the pupils has been excellent. The class-room has been very satisfactory."
Whitefish Lake Boarding School.
This school is situated at Whitefish lake, about 45 miles northeast of Grouard,
and is under the auspices of the Anglican Church. The children, iinder the care
and teaching of Mr. C. D. White, are making substantial progress. They are being
well grounded in reading, spelling, writing, arithmetic, grammar and geography.
In his annual report, the principal, Mr. C. D. White, says : " The boys are
taught gardening and the care of stock. The general health of the pupils has been
exceptionally good. The conduct of our ex-pupils is encouraging."
Sturgeon Lal-e Boarding School.
This school is pleasantly situated on the shore of Sturgeon lake. It is well built,
clean and comfortable. The children appear contented and happy and are mak-
ing decided progress in their studies, which embrace reading, writing, spelling,
arithmetic, grammar and geography. The girls are also taught plain sewing, mend-
ing and general housework. The boys help in the care of the farm stock and in
the gardens and general farm work. The school is under the auspices of the Roman
Catholic Church.
In his annual report, the principal. Rev. J. Habay, O.M.I. , says: "The pupils
have enjoyed excellent health during the past year. The behavious of the ex-pupils
is very good."
Wahislaiv Anglican (St. John'») Boarding School.
This school shows progress. The building, which is one and a half stories high, is
well lighted and substantially constructed. The children have made great advances in
their studies during the past year, and show the beneficial results of care and atten-
tion. They are taught reading, writing, arithmetic, geography, spelling and grammar.
The boys also receive instruction in farming, and the girls in housework.
Wahisl-aw Roman Catholic (St. Martin':^) Boarding School.
The school building is almost new, 42 by 32' feet, three stories high, and has a wing
24 by 30 feet.
The children are well taught the elementary branches of a sound education, and
are showing marked progress in their studies. The girls are also taught housework,
and the boys gardening and the care of farm stock.
In her annual report the principal. Sister Catherine Aurelie, says: "Satisfactory
progress has been made in this class-room during the past year. The health of the
pupils has been exceptionally good. The ex-pupils are conducting themselves most
properly."
Vermilion Boarding School.
This school, under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church, is situated on the
banks of the Peace river at Fort Vermilion. Bishop Joussard, the principal is assisted
by the Sisters of Providence.
SlPFRISTEyitEXT OF IXDIAX EDCCATIOX 175
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
The pupils of this school, who are drawn from the Cree, Beaver, and Slave band-;,
are well advanced in their school work.. The jrirls receive instruction in {reneral
housekeeping:. There is a farm in connection with the school, ;iiid tlu- hoys receive
l)ractical education in agriculture.
FOHT SI.MPSON .\GKNTV.
Mr. T. W. Harris reports as follows : —
Fort Prortclence Boarding Schoul (Roman Catholic).
This school is conducted under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church, and
is taught by a staff of Sisters belonging to the Order of the Grey Nuns of Montreal.
It is inspected twice each year by the Indian agent, and is also visited in the summer
by Inspector H. A. Conroy.
In her annual report, the principal. Sister !McQuirk, says: "The pupils made
satisfactory progress in their class-room work during the past year. The boys get
experience in farming. The girls are taught housekeeping. There was no serious
sickness among the pupils."
All the children seem well and contented in their surroundings, and are making
noticeable progress in their scholastic work. The programme of studies prescribed
by the department is followed as closely as circumstances permit, and great stress is
laid on the necessity of speaking the English language.
The health of the children is good at present, and the sanitary conditions of the
school leave nothing to be desired. The pupils are inspected annually by a qualified
medical practitioner in the service of the department, and several of the Xuns are
qualified nurses.
Many of the ex-pupils of this school have attained good positions in the country
after leaving the school, and those who have adopted the Indian mode of life have
retained in their houseliold management some of the cleanlj' habits which they
acquired at school.
Fort Simpson Day School (Anglican).
This school was last inspected on Xoveiuber 25, 1915. There were present three
children, two boys and one girl, all in standard 1, and all begiiiuers. These children
are being taught the rudiments of English, together with such moral and ethical
precepts as circumstances permit. The school is being taught in the rectory, and
the room is large enough to accommodate more pupils than attend. The room and
premises are clean and the children were not outwardly dirty, but of cour.<?e the
teacher cannot control the habits of children who live at home, as can be done in the
case of a boarding school.
It is impossible to report scholastic progress in this scliool. as the pupils arc
drawn from the nomadic population, and the attendance is so irregular that no
marked improvement can be looked for in any short space of time.
Fort Xorman Dai/ School (Anglican).
The agent has not had an opportunity of inspecting this school since it was
rc-opened, but it is conducted on the same lines as the school at Fort vSimpson.
FORT SMITH .\GENCY.
The Indian agent, Mr. (i. Card, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows: —
176 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Fort Chipewyan (Holy Angels') Boarding School.
This school is beautifully situated on lake Athabaska, in the centre of one of
the pioneer fur-trading posts of the north. As has been formerly reported, it is con-
ducted by the Grey Nuns. The pupils are drawn from the Chipewyan and the Cree
bands. The former seem to be in the majority. A few half-breeds also receive their
education at this school. At the date of inspection, September 29, 1915, there was
a full attendanace, and no sickness. Before examining the pupils in class-work, I
was shown over the building by the reverend sisters in charge. The dormitories,
class-rooms, kitchen and laundry were spotlessly clean. On examination, the pupils
showed a marked proficiency in their studies, especially in writing. The boys, in
anticipation of an inspection, had been instructed in military drill, and were very
proud of their attainments. The excellent work being done in this school cannot be
too highly commended.
In her annual report, the principal. Sister Laverty, says : " In addition to
the class-room work, the boys learn carpentering and gardening, while the girls
receive instruction in dressmaking and housekeeping. The ex-pupils are doing very
well."
Fort Resolution Boarding School (Roman Catholic).
In order to ascertain mid-winter conditions at this school, I made an inspection
on the 24th of February, during one of the coldest periods of a severe winter. The
four-days trip by dog-sled from Fort Smith was made with, considerable discomfort,
owing to the extreme temperature and strong north wind.
As in the case of the above, this school is conducted by the Grey Nuns, Reverend
Sister Girard being the superior, and Sister McQuillan being headmistress. The
building is the best that I have seen in the north. It is commodious, well built, well
planned and comfortable. Although at the time of my visit the weather was very
cold, the building was quite warm, being heated by three large furnaces. The build-
ing, although already the largest in the north, has not been able to meet require-
ments, so is being further enlarged by the addition of a new wing, which will provide
a large dormitory for girls, with a class-room beneath it. When completed, as it
will be this summer, the school will have accommodation for eighty pupils. The
children are carefully instructed in the various branches required by the department.
The writing and mental arithmetic were particularly good. I asked for specimens of
the writing to be forwarded to the department as an exhibit. In addition to their
class-work, the older girls are instructed in needle-work and cooking. I did not
sample the latter, but can bear testimony to tlieir skill in the former. The general
health of the pupils was good; every child was able to be in class. I am informed
that the school has a large and excellent garden, but at this season of the year had
no opportunity of seeing it.
Hay River Boarding School (Anglican).
Rev. A. J. Vale, principal, reports a full attendance, and everything as being
in a satisfactory condition, but owing to the impossibility of procuring sufficient dog
fish for the trip, was unable to project my visit to the school.
In his annual report the reverend principal says : — " Steady progress has been
made in the class-room by all the pupils. The boys are taught fishing, ploughing,
milking and the use of tools. The girls receive instruction in sewing and house-
work. The health of the pupils has been excellent. Our ex-pupils are prospering."
Fort Smith Day School (Roman Catholic).
This school was opened in the month of September, 1915. The building is a new
frame structure, well built and sufficiently commodious to meet present requirements.
SrPERIXTEynEXT OF IXDIAX EDlCATIOy 177
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
The school is coiuliictod by the Grey Xuns, Reverend Sister Gadbois beiiiff teaelier.
The pupils, to the number of 31, six of whom are half-breeds, live at Fort Smith and
the country tributary. The Indian children belonfr to the Chipewyan band. The
children arc brijjht, fond of their teacher, and attend very reprularly. As they could
not speak English at first, and had never been to school elsewhere, the teacher in
charge has had to start from the beginning. Xoiu- have advanced far vc-t. but a good
beginning has been made.
nKI'UlJT OF r\SI»K(T()R H. A. CONIlov.
There arc lour large boarding schools in the northern section of Treaty 8, as
follows: — Fort Chipewyan boarding school (Uonmii Catholic), Fort Resolution board-
ing school (Roman Catholic), Hay River boarding school (Anglican), Fort Providence
boarding school (Roman Catholic).
Owing to the fact that I was able to utilize canoe transport to a considerable
extent this year, I had facilities for inspecting these schools which in previous .years
I did not have, when my itinerary was, to a great extent, subordinated to the (exigen-
cies of the Hudson's Bay Company transport service.
Fort Chipewyan {llohj Angels') Boarding School.
The school buildings were in an excellent state of repair, a considerable amount
of labour having recently been spent on them, including painting and general renovat-
ing work. A spacious room had been set aside for a gymnasium, where the pupils
are exercised twice a week. Another commodious section of the building has been
set aside for the use of the older girls, where facilities for dressmaking and general
needlework are provided.
A praiseworthy spirit of progressiveness is manifested by the entire management
in respect to matters relating to the training of the Indian boy or girl for their
various duties in domestic life after leaving school. At the time of inspection there
were nine boys and nineteen girls at the school, as vacation time had commenced.
I had the privilege of attending a concert given by the pupils, during which
drill, musical numbers, recitations and a short play were conspicuous items on the
programme. The performance came up to a very high standard and indicated to a
considerable degree the care and attention that had been bestowed on the scholars.
A military drill by the boys was an outstanding feature of the exercises, and was
carried out with a thoroughness which was a credit to the boys and their instructor.
Sergeant Mellor, R.X.W.M.P.
The inside class work follows along the lines laid down by the department, five
hours a day being devoted to this work, the remainder of the working day being taken
up by the boys in outside occupations, such as carpentry, garden work, sawing wood,
etc., while the girls receive instruction in housekeeping, cooking and dres.-;making.
Some ditficulty was experienced this year with the water-supply, owing to the
fact that the level of Athabaska lake had receded and the lake water was then about
2IK) yards distant from the school. Fire-extinguishers had been i>r()V'de<l sm a-; to
guard against any outbreak of fire, but it is expected that the low water conditions
will not obtain for very long, and, as such conditions were very unusual, there is no
great possibility of a recurrence of this state of affairs for some time to come.
The mission saw-mill, which was burnt down last year, is being reconstructed
about one mile distant from the school, as this mill constituted an inflammable risk,
■which it was not advisable to have so close to the school.
Heating and ventilating appliances were in good order, and the general health
of the pupils was very good.
27— ii— 13
178 DEPARTMENT OF IX D I AN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Fort Resolution Boarding School.
A considerable addition has been recently made to the buildings of the Eesolution
school, comprising a large wing 35 by 65 feet. Accommodation is now provided for
seventy-five scholars, and the ventilating, heating and dormitory arrangements are
everything to be desired. A good water-supply is provided by a well in the kitchen of
the school, although the water from Great Slave lake is excellent for drinking purposes.
At the time of inspection there were seventeen boys and twenty-three girls at the
school, and all exhibited a well-cared-for appearance. The proficiency of the scholars
was well up to the standard, especially with regard to writing and reading. The boys
have been receiving physical and military drill at the hands of C. Stephens of the
K.N.W.M.P. at Eesolution, and take a keen interest in this training. The girls receive
instruction in housekeeping and needlework, and many articles, such as dresses,
moccasins and fancy-work of caribou and moose skin were to be seen.
Nearly four acres of land in the vicinity of the school are given up to gardening,
and the different crops of vegetables and roots are sufficient for the use of the school.
Facilities are provided for the boys to take part in the fishery and trapping, with
a view to preparing them to earn their livelihood after leaving the school.
The health of the scholars was in every way satisfactory, for, although two rooms
in the school had been set aside as infirmaries for the boys and girls, they are very
rarely occupied.
Hay River Boarding School.
The school buildings are not, in my opinion, quite suitable for the needs of the
pupils, although the principal, Mr. A. Vale, is using every effort to provide additional
accommodation. The construction of a new school has been commenced, the foundation
timbers and 25,000 feet of lumber being on the ground. It is confidently expected
that the new school will be ready for occupation next year, and will constitute a great
improvement on the old one.
The class work follows the usual routine, a great deal of stress being laid upon the
teaching of the English language. A good deal of attention is also given to outside
work in the nature of gardening, fishing, trapping, and it is evident that in recent
years the staff have endeavoured to specialize along the lines of instruction that will
enable the ex-scholar to utilize his or her knowledge in after life.
Some of the pupils come from very remote districts of the lower Mackenzie river,
and include some Eskimo children. These latter exhibit an intelligence superior to
that of the Slave or Yellowknife Indian boys, and are particularly adept in carpentry
work and other similar handicrafts.
Religious exercises and drill constitute a leading feature of the curriculum^ and
the discipline of the school is excellent.
Heating and ventilating arrangements are satisfactory in so far as the present
buildings are concerned. Adequate fire-protective measures have been taken, and the
water supply is abundant and readily accessible from the Hay river.
A large area of land, comprising nearly eight acres, is being cultivated, and new
land is gradually being brought into use for this purpose.
Fort Providence Boarding School.
This school is possibly one of the best equipped in the north. The buildings are
in good condition and the grounds well kept. Its situation on the bank of the Mac-
kenzie river is a great advantage, as the water-supply is one of the best in the world.
A force pump (undei ground) is used to provide water for the various buildings.
Some difficulty h experienced in adequately heating the large school buildings
during the cold winter months, as, up to the present time, the heating system has
been restricted to stoves. It is understood, however, that this is to be replaced in the
near future by furnaces, when there should be no difficulty in providing the necessary
amount of heat.
Sl'PEKiyTEKDEST OF 1M)IAS EDiCATlON 179
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
The same uniform thoroufrhiio.ss of traiiiiiifjr and education is visible here as at
Eesolution school, and a competent staff use every etL^rt to e<iuip the Indian children
with an education which will benefit them in after life. The hoys are provided with
every opportunity to develop themselves in refrard to outside occupations, such as
gardening, cari)entry and woodwork, while the girls are encouraged in cooking, pre-
paring meat and tish and needlework.
Excellent samples of the class-work of the boys and girls were shown, and tlie
ii-sults si>eak very highly for the effective training that the jiupils are receiving.
The gardens in the vicinity of the school i)r(ivide sufficient potatoes and vegetables
for the use of the school, and exhibit a well-kept ajipearance.
BEITTSII OOLFMBTA.
B.VBINE AGEXCV.
Number of children of school age, 387; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
335; average attendance at day schools, 145; number attending Coqualeetza industrial,
6.
^Nfr. R. E. Loring. the Indinu agent, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows: —
Xew Town (Kitselas) School.
Tliis school is fairly centrally located in the village of New Town, on the right
bank of the Skeena, and about four miles below the Kitselas canyon. Its teacher 7s
'Sir. Frank Van Gorder, who is taking a marked interest in his work. Through his
efforts this school has been brought to a good working order.
MeansTciniskt School.
This school is also centrally situated in the village of that name. Its teacher is
]Miss S. Z. Richardson. Good progress is being made. The teacher acts in the capacity
of field matron, and in that msuiner renders a beneficent influence over the com-
munity in general. The girl pupils are being instructed in cooking and sewing.
Kiiwanga School.
This school, centrally located in the village, is making steady progress. The
teacher, Miss Florence B. Kemp, is capable and Avell adapted for the work, and has the
faculty of making herself likable to her pupils. The attendance is usually large and
regular, and the results derived are profitable.
Andimaul School.
This school is centrally located. The teacher, ^liss Vernon Leake, is capable.
The girl pupils are given instruction in sewing, knitting and in other respects. The
principal, Miss (Adjutant) Jennie Halpenny, fills the position of field matron, which
in its effects is largely adding evidence of a wholesome influence on the connnunity
as well.
Kitsegulcla School.
This school is situated in the exact centre of the village, and good progress is being
made.
Hazelton School.
This school is located on the north boundary of the Hazelton town.'^ite. The
teacher is Miss E. J. Soal. The work is stimulated by active and interesting teacliing.
The girl pupils are taught sewing, knitting and other domestic accomplishments. The
attendance is usually well kept up. The exercise of good manners and deportment, too,
is largely in evidence.
27— ii— 12-^
180 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAY AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Glen Voweli School.
This school is placed in the exact centre of the Sikedach reserve. Its teacher,
Miss Pearl Jackson, is an energetic worker, and successful in maintaining her school
in good working order. All of the children of school age in the village are on the roll.
Their attendance is large, steady and punctual. The girl pupils receive lessons in
sewing, knitting, and in other useful ways and in the sense of general results this school
is doing much good.
Kispiox School.
The department erected and equipped a large and commodious building. It is
well lighted and ventilated and otherwise perfect in its appointments. The teacher,
Miss Gertrude Martin, is painstaking in all her work, and the results are highly satis-
factory. Miss Eva Martin, field matron, ably assists in the manual training of the
pupils, and in that manner much good results from the management of the school.
Kisgegas School.
This school is located in the most northerly part of the agency and completes the
list of day schools in the district of the Skeena. The school building is centrally
placed in the village. Its teacher is Jonathan Meycer an able, intelligent native
missionary. Good progress is being made. The teacher is assisted by his wife, from
whom the girl pupils receive lessons in sewing and knitting. Since the people here
frequent the hunting and trapping grounds for a livelihood, it has of late years become
more of a practice to have the children left behind with the old people, in order to
enable them to have the benefits of the school.
Rocher Dehoule School.
This school, serving the Hagwilget Indians, is situated on the reserve of Tsitsk, and
on the east bank of the Bulkley river. Its attendance is derived from the Moricetown
and Coryatsaqua reserves as well. Of the latter reserves many children are being
kept by their relatives at Tsitsk (Rocher Deboule), to furnish the school a large and
satisfactory number of pupils. The teacher, Sidney Browning, assisted by his wife,
is doing good work. By the latter the girl pupils are being given instruction in useful
occupations. On the whole the school is making good progress.
Fort Bahine School.
This school provides educational advantages for the Fort and Old Fort Babine
villages, and such of the people of that tribe with habitations along both shores of
Babine lake.
The teacher of this school, Joseph F. Morrissey, has achieved most satisfactory
results, and otherwise has proved himself most useful in furthering the interests of
liis pupils in general.
General Remarlcs.
In review of the aforegoing, I have the honour to state that, in all the schools,
the pupils are daily put through the exercises of calisthenics, and, for diversion, are
given opportunities for play.
As to the encouragement of agriculture in cultivating gardens on the plots encom-
passing the schools, all is being done to effect this in a general extent. Up to the
present these measures obtain only in connection with some of the schools.
Regarding the progress of ex-pupils of the different classes of schools, the schools
of this district have hardly been established long enough to admit of giving a pro-
nounced statement, but in the instances under observation, the results speak well
of the benefit attained.
SUPERIXTEyDEyr OF ISDIAX EDlCATIOy 181
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
As to the general effect of education upon the reserve life, it affords nie great
satisfaction to be able to state that, on the whole, the inlluence of the schools pro-
motes a greater respect for law and order, cleanliness of habits, and a better under-
>tanding of how to avoid the contracting of diseas*'. The rules of liygiene are insistetl
upon in the schools, and this lias a far-reaching effect on the cunnnuiiities.
BELLA COOLA AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 312; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
■J.AU; average attendance at day schools, 8G; number enrolled at Kitimat boarding,
•'>4; number attending Coqualeeetza industrial, 0.
;^[r. I. Fougner, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows: —
Kitiinat Boarding School.
This is the only boarding school in this agency and is situated on a hillside,
overlooking Kitimat Arm. The buildings are comparatively new, and are kept
in excellent condition.
The principal, Miss I. M. Clarke, is assisted by Misses Swann and Scoutcn. In
addition to the class-room work, the girls are taught housekeeping.
In her annual report, the principal says : " The pupils are progressing in their
class-room work. An improvement in English is especially noticeable. There has.
been no serious sickness during the year."
Bella Coola Day School (Methodist).
This school is in the centre of the Indian village. The building is surrounded
by ample grounds, which are fenced and seeded.
Miss M. A. Gibson is in charge of this school, and the pupils are progressing
in their studies. The attendance has improved.
Bella Bella Day School (Methodist).
This school has been repainted and the old floor has been replaced by a new one.
Xew single desks have also been installed.
"Miss Tranter is doing patient and effective work at this school.
China Hat Day School (Methodist).
This school is taught by Miss H. Read. The pupils are making satisfactory pro-
jzress in their studies. The school room is neat and clean.
Kitimat Day School (Methodist).
Miss Isabella Clarke, the teacher, does skilful and energetic work at this school.
The children from the village attend this school in the forenoon, and the children
from the Kitimat boarding school attend in the afternoon.
Bartley Bay Day School (Methodist).
The teacher. Rev. J. H. Matthews, takes great interest in his work. The attend-
ance has improved and this is one of the most efficient day-schools in the agency.
Kitkatla Day School (Anglican).
This school is taught by Mr. George Oliver, who has shown great interest in the
school work. Good results can be expected from this school.
182 DEPARTMEXT OE IXDTAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
General BemarJis.
As the Indians in this agency are, almost exclusively, fishermen, very little
instruction in gardening can be given at school. The Indians in this agency are
improving, and credit is due to the painstaking work that is being done in the school
by the teachers.
COWICHAN AGEXOY.
Number of children of school age, 294; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
'.•2; average attendance at day schools, 42; number enrolled at Kuper Island industrial,
G8; number attending Coqualeetza industrial, 10.
Mr. W. R. Robertson, the Indian agent, reports on educational matters in this
agency as follows : —
Kuper Island Industrial School.
This school is in charge of Rev. W. Lemmens as principal, who is assisted by a
very efficient staff. All the pupils have made good progress during the year. In addi-
tion to their regular studies in the class-room, the girls are taught sewing, cooking
and all branches of housework, while the boys are given instruction in farming, car-
pentry and shoemaking. Many of the ex-pupils show the good results of their train-
ing and their influence has a good effect on the other members of the band.
The new school, which is a fine building with all modern improvements, is now
completed, and the furniture, which is all new, is being installed. It is expected that
the building will be ready for occupation in the near future.
In his annual report the principal. Rev. "W. Lemmens, S.M.M., says : " Our nev\'
buildings are provided with the most up-to-date system of ventilation, heating and
plumbing. With our new buildings, we shall have a larger attendance, and increased
progress is expected."
Kohsilah Day School.
This school is in charge of Mr. C. A. Dockstader, who takes great interest in the
Indian work. The pupils have been making very satisfactory progress, and the average
attendance has been good.
Nanaimo Day School.
This school is now in charge of Miss Adelaide Bool, who has been teaching since
the 1st of October. The average attendance has been quite good, and the pupils are
making very good progress.
Quamichan Day School (Roman Catholic).
This school is taught by Miss C. Ordano and Miss M. Frumento. The school is
centrally located on the Clemclemaluts reserve. The average attendance has
been exceptionally good. The teacher and pupils take an interest in their work, and
very satisfactory progress is made by the pupils.
SongJiees Day School.
This school is in charge of Miss Rose A. Quigley, who is doing very good work.
Very satisfactory progress is made by the pupils. They are encouraged to take an
interest in gardening. The past year they had a very good garden, of which they
were justly proud.
Tsartlip Day School.
Miss L. H. Hagen was in charge of this school till the 30th June, and since that
date it has been closed. There have been several deaths among the children of school
age. and owing to the roving disposition of the Indians in that vicinity, it has been
impossible to get a sufficient number of children of school age.
suPERiyTEyDEyr of ixnuy EDVCATioy i83
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
KAM LOOPS AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 392; number enrolled at day school, 17; aver-
age attendance at day school. 12; number enrolled at Kamloops industrial, 72.
The Indian agent, Mr. J. F. Smith, reports on the e<luoational work in this
agency as follows : —
Kamloops Industrial Schovl.
The Kamloops industrial and boarding school and auxiliary buildings are erected
on a rising i)rominence, in a one-hundred and sixty acre plot, of the Kamloops reser\'e,
some three and a lialf miles northeast of the city of Kamloops.
The buildings are frame structures, conveniently arranged on the plot selected.
The main buildings are two-story structures, connected by a hallway leading from
the culinary department; these have undergone considerable remodelling during the
past couple of years. These buildings are lighted by electricity from the city of
Kamloops, with which it is also in telephone communication. They are also fitted
up with toilets and baths, which are supplied with water from an aerial tank recently
erected and conveniently located, at an elevation for developing sufficient pressure to
efifectively operate the fire-protection hose, which are to be found at easily accessibh*
points throughout the buildings.
The aerial water tank, with its 1,000 or more gallons capacity, which has been
installed between the two main buildings, has given efficient service in supplying
water to all parts of these buildings. The one erected on the outside is used as an
auxiliary, and conveys water to the boys' recreation and dormitory building. Thes*.-
two tanks are supplied with water from the South Thompson river by a five horse-
power gasolene engine, instaUed over one year ago, and is giving good satisfaction.
The teaching stail consists of the Reverend Father A. M. Carion, O.M.I,, prin-
cipal, two male teachers, one in charge of the class-room, the other the outside work,
and four Sisters of St. Anns, Sister Mary Monica being the superior.
^ir. R. W. Colderwood, who is not only a very efficient teacher, but has shown
qualities specially adapted to teaching Indian boys, is still in charge of the boys'
class-room. Mr. Beck, who succeeded Mr. Ed. La Basse at the opening of the fall
term as the farm and outside instructor, has so far been satisfactory.
The girls' class-room is in charge of Sister M. Rogation, while the work of the
culinary department, domestic and sewing, are divided between Sisters M, A. D'Avrray
and M. Lucine, under the guidance of Sister Mary Monica the superior.
The boys devote the forenoon to the class-room, where they are making satisfac-
tory progress in their studies, under their very efficient teacher, Mr. R. W. Colder-
wood. In the afternoon the majority are in charge of ^Mr. Beck, and are engaged
in the various outdoor work mapped out each day by the principal. They cultivate
a garden plot of about five acres, which produces sufficient vegetables of every kind
for the use of the institution. They also care for and feed the stock.
The girls devote the forenoon to the domestic work of the institution. Some are
taught cooking, others sewing and knitting, while all take their turn in the work
of general housekeeping. The afternoon is given up entirely to the class-room, under
their able and efficient teacher. Sister Mary Rogation, who, through sickness, was
temporarily replaced by another teaching sister last November. The progress in
their studies is considered satisfactory.
During the last two months of the past quarter an epidemic of gripfxi has
prevailed among the children and certain members of the teaching staff. The children
however, were all cared for and are fnnvale--cent. Otherwise tlio hoa'.th of the sfliool
has been good.
184 DBPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Shiilus Day School.
The Nicola Mameet reserve. No. 1, Shulus day school is situated on one of the
large Indian villages in the Nicola valley, about four miles west of the town of
Merritt. As the Indian villages are far apart in the valley, the children of school
age of the other Indian villages cannot avail themselves of the educational facilities
offered by this school, which is in charge of Mr. J. W. Harwood, who reports that,
although the great majority of the children in attendance at the school are small,
they show satisfactory interest in their studies and are making good progress. The
building in which the class is conducted is a well built frame structure, high ceiling,
well lighted and airy in the summer and properly heated in the winter. During the
summer vacation outdoor toilets were erected, thus improving the sanitary surround-
ings. It has also been arranged to continue the sewing class inaugurated among the
adult women of the band last winter under the instruction of Mrs. A. H. Plummer,
wife of the Anglican missionary in charge of the Indian raiision, who is also conduct-
ing a singing class among the children.
KOOTENAY AOE^'CY.
Number of children of school age, 118; number enrolled at Kootenay industrial,
80.
Mr. E. L. T. Galbraith, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows : —
Kootenay Industrial School.
During the past year the work at this institution has progressed in a satisfactory
manner, and I note, with pleasure, a steady improvement.
The stak comprises: Sister Justinian, principal, Sisters M. Behedicta and
Alicia, assistants, Rev. Father Lambout, O.M.I., chaplain, and Mr. George Bruce,
farm instructor and physical science teacher. The teachers are faithful and efficient,
and the different subjects prescribed by the department are carefully taught.
The boys are given instruction in farming, stock-raising, carpentry and shoe-
making. Older boys assist in looking after the heating, pumping and lighting
plants, and take an interest in their work. The girls are taught housekeeping, dairy-
ing, sewing and knitting, and are making steady advancement.
There is an excellent garden, where all vegetables used in the institution are
grown. The girls have individual garden plots, upon which they expend considerable
labour.
Mr. Tom Wilson, entomologist, visited the school several times during the year,
and gave the pupils instruction in pruning and the care and culture of fruit. He
also gave a lecture on " Insect life " to the staff and pupils.
General RemarJcs.
Two Indian children are attending the public school at Barton, and are making
satisfactory progress with their studies. Their teacher speaks highly about them.
An ex-pupil of the industrial school was employed on the government dredge on
Arrow lake, and his work and conduct were highly commended. The ex-pupils, with
the exception of one or two, continue to make their influence for good felt throughout
the agency. They are proving useful and helpful, and are assisting greatly in uplift-
ing and bettering the condition of the Indians.
KWAWKEWLTII AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 183; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
40; average attendance at day schools, 21; number enrolled at Alert Bay industrial,
37 ; number enrolled at Alert Bay Girls' Home, 32.
SlPERIXTEyOEXT OF IXDIAX EDUCATION 185
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Mr. W. M. Halliday. the Indian ai;vnt. reports on the educational work in this
ai^ency as follows : —
Alert Bay Boys' Industrial School.
It is a matter of eongratulatiou to note the continued {?t>od work that is being
done at this institution. The capacity of the school is thirty-tivt-. and there is no
difficulty in obtaininjr the number required.
The principal. Kev. A. W. Corker, has been in England on furlough, and, during
his absence. Rev. F. Comley, as acting principal, has met with considerable success.
The class-room has been presided over by ^Ir. C. M. Parrott, a young man of ability
and untiring energy, and the pupils are making noticeable progress.
The whole institution is under the control of the Anglican dioces<! of Columbia.
His Lordship Bishop Scriven takes a i)ersonal interest in the school. The buildings
are in a sanitary condition. The trade instructor, IXIr. Eli Hunt, teaches the boys
carpentering and gardening.
In his annual report, the acting principal. Rev. F. Comley, says: " The class-room
work has been very good. The general health of the pupils has been excellent."
Alert Bay Girls' Home.
This school is also under the control of the Anglican diocese of Columbia. Rev.
F. Comley is acting-principal. The matron, Miss A. E. Neville, is very efficient and
has splendid control over the pupils, who are taught cooking, sewing, and other
domestic duties.
Under the guidance of the teacher. Miss M. Xi.xon, the pupils are progressing in
their class-room work. The building is well lighted a;id well ventilated. An abundant
supply of fresh water is obtained from an artesian well. In his annual report, the
acting-principal says: "Class-room work is very satisfactory. The health of the
pupils has been better than in former years."
Alert Bay Day School.
The attendance at this school has increased during the past year. Miss E. Ferry-
man, the teacher, continues to do good work. In addition to the regular course of
-tudies, the pupils are taught physical drill and calisthenics.
As soon as the pupils of this school are old enough they are sent to the girjs' and
boys' industrial school.
Cape Mudge Day School.
Mr. J. E. Rendle, the Methodist missionary at Cajx^ Mudge, continues to teach
this school with increasing success. Although the attendance at this school is rather
irregular, reasonable progress has been made during the year.
Ex-pupils.
The ex-pupils are peaceable and law-abiding, but there is a lack of progress.
It is difficult to obtain regular employment, as there are no factories, or any
l>portunity for agriculture, owing to the physical nature of the country. The lack
t progress, therefore, can be 'attributed to the want of steady employment.
The influence of the ex-pupils is being fell on the reserves. Many of these
cx-pupils are opposed to the old tribal customs, and, as their number increases they
will be able to e.xert a greater influence against these old customs.
LYTTON .\GEXCY.
Number of children of school age, 377; number enrolled at day schools, 41;
average attendance at day schools, 27; number enrolled at Lytton industrial, 76;
number enrolled at All Hallows boarding, 34
186 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
The Indian agent, Mr. H. Graham, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows: —
Lytton Industrial School (Anglican).
This school is situated two and a half miles from Lytton on a good agricultural
farm of 660 acres. It is under the supervision of the Eev. Leonard Dawson, principal.
The class-rooms are well supplied with upt-to-date desks, and are well lighted and
commodious. They are also particularly well supplied with school books and school
material.
The teachers, Mr. C, H. Lallemand and Mrs. Christie, are well qualified for their
work, as is shown by the progress made by the pupils.
The pupils are trained in every class of work such as keeping the building clean
and laundry work, as well as outdoor employments, which I trust will be of great
value to them in after life, as the majority of the children are recruited from an
agricultural district.
The ex-pupils of this school have so far not shown a great deal of progress, owing
principally to their having to go back to the reserve life and work for their parents on
the reserve or go out labouring for themselves on the railroad. The scarcity of water
for irrigation purposes hinders the placing of ex-pupils on plots of land of their own.
I think I can say that the education of these boys is beginning slowly to have
some effect upon the Indians in their reserve life, but it is one of those things that
work very slowly, as there are still a great number of the older Indians who are very
adverse to education.
In his annual report, the principal says : " Progress has been made in the class-
room work. The health of the boys has been very good."
All Hallows Boarding School.
This is a boarding school for Indian girls situated at Yale, and it is under the
supervision of Sister Constance of the Community of All Hallows. She has Miss
Miller as teacher, and Miss Officer as matron.
The work in the class-room is most creditable, and the prog-ress made by the dif-
ferent pupils is most gratifying.
One of the principal studies taught is nature study, which the children take to
very keenly, and which I consider a verv necessarv study for Indian children in after
life. •
The children are thoroughly trained in all domestic employments such as sewing,
laundering and cooking. In all of these they are making splendid progress.
During the summer months each 'child is given a garden plot and seeds. The
children take great pride in these small gardens, and they have a competition for the
best kept one.
I am glad to report that the ex-pupils of this school are found to be making great
progress throughout the province. They show what can be done by a thorough edu-
cation.
The education of Indian girls has a greater effect upon the reserve than that of
the boys, as the girls set a splendid ex-nmple in their homes, and greatly assist the
agents in the matter of teaching the Indians to take more care of their houses.
In her annual report, the principal says : " The pupils have shown great interest
in their class-room work during the past year. A number of the older girls have been
knitting ?ocks for tho soM'ers."'
Lytton Day School (Anglican).
This school is in charge of Miss Hobden, a very capable missionary, who is doing
conscientious work, which is carried on under great difficulty, owing to the fact that &
number of the pupils live out of town during the summer.
The pupils are all young and nearly all are in the kindergarten stage. All the
exercise copy books are well written and taken care of for such young pupils.
SUPERIXTENDENr OF /.VD/.l.Y EDVCATIOy 187
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Booihroyd Day School (Anyliyan).
This is the new school which has becu in operation nearly a year now. It is in
charge of ^liss Lily Blachford, who is exceptionally well iitted for this work, as she
spciiks the Thompson lanfjivniie tliu'iitly. anil has I'xci-ptinual cDiitrul i>\vv tlie diiliinMi
and the school work generall.v.
I am ghul to report that both tlio childn-n and the parents take a ki-«'n intirot in
the school work. The average daily attendance is very gratifying.
The progress made by the pnpils, fonsidering that none of them knew English ten
months ago, is most encouraging to tlie teacher, as several of the children .xro now as
advanced as the second reader.
Nnmber of children of school age, 4.5G; number enrolled at day schools, .'jII;
average attendance at day schools, 152; number enrolled at Port Simpson Girls' Home,
40; number attending Coqualeetza industrial, 11.
The Indian agent, Mr. C. C. Perry, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows: —
Port Simpson Girls' Boarding School.
This is a well organized institution, conducted under the Women's Missionary
Society of the Methodist Church of Canada. Miss L. M. Deacon is the efficient matron
of this establishment, whose assistants are: Miss Armstrong, teacher; Miss Powell,
sewing-room instructress; and Miss !Miles, who conducts the domestic industries of
the home. Exceptionally good discipline is maintained, and all branches of study
and exercise are thoroughly taught. Flower gardening is taught, in which some of
the pupils are much interested. Several prizes were won for exhibits shown, in open
competition with the public schools of the north, at the Xorthern British Columbia
Exhibition held at Prince Rupert.
The progress of ex-pupils has, considering all the circumstances, been fairly satis-
factory. The education received has benefited the Indian girls to the extent that it
has aided them to be of assistance to their less educated parents and relatives, and has
materially aided in the elevation of reserve life. In many of the homes of ex-pupils
can be seen unquestioned evidence of the knowledge of domestic industries and house-
hold arts.
Port Essington Day School.
The school is under the supervision of Miss Fanny Noble, whose work is qnilr.
satisfactory and who maintains good discipline. The attendance, though small, on
account of the nomadic pursuits of the Indians, is satisfactory. The school building
is in good condition, and is well equipped and nicely kept. The site is not adapted fi>r
school gardens. The ventilation is gocd.
Metlakatla Day School.
This school is conducted by Miss S. Klippert, an able and enthusiastic teacher.
It is managed under the absolute control of the Government. Attendance continues
satisfactorily. The building is in splendid condition, is well ventilated, equipped, and
kept. Exemplary discipline is maintained, and pupils make marked progress. The
local Indian council favours the application of the school regulations at all times, but
recourse has never been had to their enforcement.
At the jSTorthern British Columbia Exhibition several prizes were won in open
competition by Miss Klippert's pupils, for drawing and writing.
188 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Port Simpson Day School.
The school is conducted under the supervision of the Methodist Church of Canada.
Its teachers, Mr. E. S. Grant and Miss Elsie Potter, are paid by the Government
through the Church. The building appears to belong to the Church, and has been
kept in good repair and thoroughly equipped by the Government. Attendance at this
school has been very unsatisfactory, the apathy of the parents being due mainly to
questions appertaining to lands and to the nomadic pursuits of the people. The build-
ing is in splendid condition. The rooms are well kept by the janitor.
Kincolith Day School.
This school is conducted by Miss Alice Collison. The building is in first-class
condition, and is well equipped with furnishings, material and supplies. The Indians
of this reserve are nomadic, which fact may account to a large extent for the small
attendance. There are no school gardens here. The school lot is covered with
scrubby brush and tree stumps.
Lah-Jcalzap Day School.
Tlie scliool is located in an Indian village, about twenty-one miles up the Xass
river. It is conducted by Miss Silvia Sturges, who is encouraged in her work by
the activities of a field matron, who is engaged for service amongst the Lak-kalzap
Indians, to advance their interests and improve their condition. The attendance
has been remarkably good, and night classes, conducted jointly by the teacher and
matron, have aided greatly in making the Indians realize the benefits of education.
During visits made to this reserve during the year, I have been struck with the
neat and cleanly condition of the pupils and the homelike influence of the school.
The parents, too, have held both teacher and matron in high esteem and are grateful
to the department for assisting them in this manner. The building is in first-class
condition, and is well furnished and supplied with materials and fire-wood.
During the summer both teacher and matron followed the Indians to their fishing
bases at Xass Harbour, where, at the local cannery, a school was conducted during
the summer months. The experiment proved quite successful and the attendance was
good.
Gwinoha Day School.
The classes are conducted by Miss Helen Ereeman in the local church building,
until the spring, when a suitable building may be erected.
School was opened during November, last, and has been fairly well attended by
the Indians. It is somewhat of a novelty to the Indians, who have been without a
school for some time in consequence "of their apathetic attitude in relation to their
land grievances, which has been relaxed by visits of the Royal Commission on Indian
Affairs to their village.
Aiyansh Day School.
Aiyansh is situated about seventy-five miles up the Nass river. It has had no
school under either government or church auspices for several years, the people
having chosen to engage and pay their ov«ti teacher, because they had been led to
believe that if they accepted schools from the Government their chances for a settle-
ment of their land grievances would be thereby prejudiced.
The Royal Commission on Indian Affairs having visited their settlement and
listened to their grievances, the people decided to have a Government school. Conse-
riuently, a teacher was sent to take charge of school work here, in the person of Miss
Vera A. Chastenay, in November, last. The school is being conducted in the house
of an Indian chief until the spring, when a suitable building will be erected. The
teacher is accompanied by a field matron, who will do much good on the reserve.
SUPERiyTEyDEXT OF /.YD/.l.V EDICATIOX 189
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Gitlakdamiks Day School.
Tho village i> situated about seventy-seven miles up the N'a— iimt. The
position of this village regarding a school was similar to that of Aiyansh prior to
the visit of the Koyal Commission.
Miss Olive Bowen was engaged by the department and sent to this school in
Xovember, last. It is hoped that her efforts will teach the Indians the value of
education.
A new building will be erected in the spring. The field matron at Aiyansli will
also assist Miss Bowen in her efforts to secure a good attendance at the schoi^l.
BemarJiS.
I have visited all the villages and schools of the agency during the year, some
of them on several occasions. I am pleased to be able to report that there is gratify-
ing evidence on every hand that the growth of Indian education is being greatly
advanced by the efforts of the department to make the schools a more efficient medium
of development. I find the payment of larger salaries to teachers a sure inducement
to them to stay with their work and remain in the isolated settlements for longer
periods of time. The teachers, too, being better qualified than formerly do more
effective work, which is more and more appreciated by the Indians, who watch the
interest* and development of their children.
I desire to thank the department for its close and cordial support of all reasr.n-
able efforts made and recommended for the advancement of the Indians in education.
I trust that the results obtained from this attention will measure fully up to the high
standards of proficiency earnestly sought.
In conclusion. I would say that ex-pupils of the Indian day schools mentioned,
while finding it difficult to obtain employment in competition with whites, neverthe-
less, find their education of great advantage in following their normal pursuits.
NEW WESTMINSTER AGENCY.
Xumber of children of school age, 441 ; number of pupils enrolled at the day
schools, 114; average attendance at day schools, 0.5; number enrolled at Coqualeetza
institute. 117; number enrolled at Squamish Mission boarding, 50; number enrolled
at Sechelt boarding, 52; number enrolled at St. Mary's ^fission boarding, 77; number
attending Kuper Island industrial school. 4; number of Indiaii children attending
white schools, 4.
Mr. Peter Byrne, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows : —
Coqualeetza Institute.
This school is situated in the Chilliwack valley. The children receive a good
education under the guidance of the Rev. G. H. Raley and his able assistants, who
are earnestly endeavouring to advance the pupils along the most modern lines of
civilization.
There is a farm in connection with this school, and the boys are instructed in
all branches of agriculture and the management of stock. Some are taught garden-
ing, fruit-growing, carpentry, and shoe repairing. The girls are taught housekeep-
ing, in which they are making good progress. Some of them cut and make their own
garments and those of the other pupils.
A good substantial frame building. 55 by 27 by 20 feet high, has been erected
during the past year. The pupils assemble here for lectures, and it is also used as a
recreation hall during the stormy weather.
190 DEPARTilEM' OF lyniAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
The cadet corps, 50 strong, organized at this school, receives drill instruction
once a week. This is very beneficial as it teaches the hoys discipline, and provides
them with healthy exercise.
In his annual report, the principal, Eev. G. H. Raley, says : " Our pupils are
advancing rapidly in their class-room work. A number are trying entrance work.
The pupils were very successful in their couipetition for prizes at the Agricultural
and Arts Exhibition at Chilliwack."
St. Mary's Mission Boarding School.
This school is situated about one mile east of Mission City, overlooking the Fraser
river, and the C.PjR. and C.N.'R. lines. The boys and girls occupy separate buildings
about 300 feet apart. The Rev. J. Tavernier, O.M.L, successor to Rev. V. Rohr, with
his able assistants, is giving the pupils a good education.
On the large farm connected with this school the boys are trained in all branches
of agriculture, and fruit-growing, and also, in the care and management of stock.
They are taught how to use the most modern agricultural implements, and to take care
of tJiem.
The girls secure a good training in housekeeping, and are taught to make and
mend their own clothes. Some of them are expe-t needle-women, and have frequently
obtained prizes at the local exhibition, for their fancy needle-work.
The pupils of this school enjoy good health, and are making good progress in all
the branches of study authorized by the department.
In his annual report, the principal says : " Satisfactory progress has been made in
every branch of the class-room work. I feel justified in saying that our ex-pupils are
more thrifty and are steadier in work and principles than those deprived of education."
Squamish Mission Boarding School.
This school is situated in the city of North Vancouver. The Reverend Sister
Mary Amy, and her competent staff, continue to educate the pupils in all the branches
of study authorized by the department.
The boys receive instruction in gardening and dairying, and are also taught how
to care for and milk the cows that are kept at the institution. The girls are instructed
in all branches of housework under the supervision of the sisters, who bestow every
care possible on their pupils.
Many of the pupils of this school display a marked talent for music. Some of
them are able to play two and three instruments with exceptional ability.
In her annual report, the principal. Reverend Sister Amy says: '' The children have
enjoyed good health during the past year. Most of the ex-pupils seem to be thriving."'
Sechelt Boarding School.
This school is situated on Sechelt reserve near Trail bay. It is in charge
of the Reverend Sister Theresine and a competent staff, who attend to the duties
connected therewith. The pupils have made progress in all the branches of study
authorized by the department.
The boys are taught gardening, fruit-growing, and how to care for the stock kept
at the institution. They also receive instruction in carpentry and shoe-making, and
many of them are capable of mending their own and the other pupil's shoes.
The girls receive instruction in all branches of housekeeping, beside-s butter-
making. Most of the elder girls cut and make their own garments and those of the
other pupils.
The sisters visit the homes of the Indians and instruct the mothers in house-
keeping and in the care of their children, and a decided change is taking place along
the lines of cleanliness. Generally speaking, the health of the pupils is satisfactory.
SVPERiyTEyDEM OF /.YD/.4.V EDICATION 191
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
In her annual report, the principal says: "Good progress has been made in their
r studies by all the pupils. P^xecllent health has been enjoyed by the children this year.
The conduct of the ex-pupils is commendable."
Ilomalco Day School.
This school is situated on Aup reserve, near Bute inlet. The parents of these
children are obliged to be away from their village, engaged at various occupations,
during the greater part of the year. While they are absent the children reside in tlie
school building, the parents providing the necessary food and clothing for them.
By this arrangement a good average attendance is maintained.
Mr. J. J. !Nforoney is the teacher of this school and his wife is field matron. The
pupils are making excellent progress under their guidance. Afrs. Moroney m;ike><
daily visits to the Indians' houses and instructs the mothers in cleaning and matmg-
ing their homes, and also in the care of their children. There is a marked improve-
ment in the appearance of the homes of these people, and the mothers apjireciate verj'
much the presence of the matron, particularly when any of the children are sick.
The area of land available for cultivation on this reserve is very small, hence the
pupils are nt>t instructed in farming, but are taught gardening on a small .scale.
Sliammon Day ScJiool.
This school is situated on the Sliammon reserve near the village. Mr.
Basil Nicholson, who with his wife and children is living on the second floor of the
school building, continues to do good work. He is educating the children in all the
branches of study authorized by the department, and they are progressing along the
lines of civilization.
Mrs. Nicholson, from time to time, visits the Indians' homes on the reserve, and
instructs the mothers in housekeeping, cleanliness, and the care of their children.
She is always ready to re.^pond to their call in cases of sickness, and to render such
assistance as she is capable. A marked improvement in cleanliness is noticeable
throughout the village, and the health of the Indians is good.
Tsawassen Day School.
This school was not reopened during the past j'ear, on aecoiuit of the absenee of
the parents and children from the reserve.
Sic wall Day School.
This school is situated on Skwah reserve and has accommodation for forty pupils.
Mr. Grimshaw is the teacher, and lives on the reserve with his wife. He is doing ver>'
good work among the Indians. The parents are taking a keener interest in the edu-
cation of their children as they advance in their studii-s. and are able to read the news
and write letters for them.
During the past year tlio .school grounds have been fenced by the Indians, the
department supplying the material. It is the desire of the teacher and the parents
to have fruit-bearing and ornamental trees planted this spring, and also to have a
portion of the land plongh^^d vv tv d put into a state of cultivation, in order that the
pupils, under the supervision of the teacher, may be taught farming, gardening, and
fruit-growing.
Katzie Day School.
This school is situated on Katzie reserve, the headquarters of the Katzie
band. Mr. J. F. Wilton, tuccessor to Mr. J. J. Murphy, who resigned to join the over-
seas forces, is doing excellent work.
192 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
The pupils are niakinjr excellent progress in all the branches of study authorized
by the department, and we hope to have some of them attending the high school in the
near future. The parents take a keen interest in the education of their children, and
are anxious that they should advance in their studies as rapidly as the v^hite children
in the vicinity.
There being no Indian school on the Langley reserve, four children belonging
to this tribe are attending the public school in the vicinity. These pupils are making
good progress, and compare favourably with the white children in the same classes.
General Remarls.
The Indians are beginning to grasp the benefits derived from education, and its
effect is becoming very noticeable in the homes of the ex-pupils, who are adopting more
and more the manners and customs of the whites. Generally speaking, the male
ex-pupils show a marked improvement in the management of their farms and in the
care of their stock, which in many cases comes quite up to the standard of that of the
average white settler.
OKANAGAN AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 188 ; number of children enrolled at day schools,
31; average attendance at day schools, 17; number attending Coqualeetza industrial, 5.
Mr. J. R. Brown, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows : —
Osoyoos Day School.
Last fall a school was opened on the Osoyoos reserve. It is in charge of Mr. J. J.
Norwood. When the school started the children could not speak a word of English,
but they are now making marvellous progress.
General Remarhs.
A number of Indian children attend the white schools at Larkin, Wood's Lake and
Similkameen. These children attend school regularly and are making very satisfactory
progress.
QUEEN CHARLOTTE AGENCY.
Xumber of children of school age, 151 ; number of pupils enrolled at day schools,
121; average attendance at day schools, 39; number attending Coqualeetza industrial,
42.
Mr. T. Deasy, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this agency
as follows: —
Massett Day School.
The school-house on the Massett reserve is a large, well ventilated building, with
two class-rooms. Mr. Frank Trainor is the teacher. He is assisted by Mrs. Trainor
when the attendance is very large. The school is provided with single and double
desks, and is in good condition throughout.
There has been marked improvement in the cleanliness of the children. The
parents are showing great interest in education, and the children are advancing and
are eager to learn English.
Slcidegate Day School.
This school is in charge of Mr. J. H. Young. There has been a marked improve-
ment in the attendance during the winter months.
SrPERIXTEyDENT OF /.Y/)/ l.Y KDICATION 193
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
General Remarlcs.
All the Indians are fishermen and they take their families with them when they
go to the canneries. For this reason there is practicaUy no attendance at school from
April to November each year. WTien the cannery at Naden Harbour is operated the
teacher of the Massett school lives there, and opens school in one of the cannery
buildings. I visit the schools frequently, and find the children well dressed, clean and
eager to learn.
STIKINE AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 1G5; number of pupils enrolled at day school,
16; average attendance at day school, 7.
The Indian agent, Mr. W. S. Simpson, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows : —
Telegraph Creek Day School.
This school is taught by Mr. W. T. Pake, and it is attended by both whites and
Indians. Those children who attend regularly are progressing. The majority of the
members of the Telegraph Creek band speak English. All dress in the garb of white
men, and the children attending school are neatly clothed.
Mr. Pake has started some garden plots in order to encourage the Indians to
engage in agriculture.
Tahltan Day School.
This school was closed last June, owing to the difficulty of obtaining a regular
t tendance. The former teacher, Rev. F. P. Thorman, has gone to the front.
General Remarls.
c Ex-pupils show marked improvement in housekeeping and in general deportment.
The tribe, as a whole, is vastly improved.
STUAUT LAKE AGENCY.
Number of children of school age, 282; number of pupils enrolled, 53; average
tendance, 23.
Mr. W. J. McAllan, the Indian agent, reports on the educational work in this
agency as follows : —
Stuart Lake Day School.
This is the only Indian school in this agency. The teacher, IMr. A. Okon Ockoniy,
assisted by his wife, who acts as children's cook and field matron. The attendance
^ been quite satisfactory, a few of the more ambitious pupils rarely missing a day.
; e pupils receive a mid-day meal. The pupils show advancement in spelling, reading
ad writing, but the progress in arithmetic is tardy. Mr. Ockoniy conducts a night
hool, during the winter, for the benefit of the adults. Mrs. Ockoniy has a knitting
S3 for the older girls. Land for garden purposes was cleared and planted last
ring and a crop of vegetables was raised. Mr. Ockoniy is endeavouring to make the
Indians interested in agriculture.
\m General Remarks.
The beneficial effects of education will become more noticeable from year to year,
- the English language supersedes the Indian dialect. All the Indians are now
taking a great interest in the education of their children. Rev. Father Coccola, O.M.I.,
who supervises school matters, is entitled to share with the teachers the credit for the
progress obtained.
27— ii— 13
194 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
WILLLiMS LAKE AGENCY.
Number of pupils of school age, 159; number of pupils enrolled at Williams Lake
industrial, 71.
Mr. I. Ogden, the Indian agent, reports on the ed\icational work in this agency
as follows : —
Williams Lake Industrial School.
Eeverend Father Maillard, O.M.L, is the principal of this institution. He is
assisted by a competent staff of nine persons. The boj-s are encouraged to farm,
and, under the guidance of Brother Collins, great interest is taken in this work. The
gardens are splendidly cultivated.
In his annual report, the principal says : " During the past year the pupils have
taken great interest in the class-room work. In addition to farming the boys are
taught carpentry and shoemaking. The girls receive instruction in knitting, sew-
ing and domestic science. Our ex-pupils are a credit to the school.'''
General Remarhs.
The ex-pupils are beginning to realize the benefit of education, as the knowledge
of agriculture obtained at the school greatly assists them when they start for them-
selves.
Tommy ^' ycott, an ex-pupil, assisted by his father-in-law, won the prize for the
best kept farm in this agency. Ex-pupils dress well and take interest in their former
studies. They secure work from the whites more easily than those who have not
attended school. The female ex-pupils are good housekeepers. They are better
morally than those who have not been educated.
YUKON.
Number of pupils enrolled at day schools, 116; number enrolled at Carcross
boarding, 36.
Rev. John Hawksley, Indian superintendent, reports on the educational work
in the Yukon, as follows : —
Carcross Boarding School.
This school was visited twice during the year. I am' pleased to be able to report
that excellent progress has been made by all the pupils. The ready and correct
answers given, during the examinations, indicates the thoroughness of the teaching.
All the children answered the questions put to them in a manner that shewed
familiarity with the subjects. The principal has taken great pains with his pupils
with good results. I saw the girls at work in the laundry, the sewing-room, and the
kitchen, under the supervision of one of the teachers. The work they were doing was
excellent and done in an orderly manner. The bread, baked by the pupils, was light
and wholesome. Cleanliness is the keynote of the school in all departments. In the
workshop, the boys were repairing boots, setting up the type for the school paper.
Northern Lights, making boxes for two of the pupils who were leaving the school,
and assisting the manager to build a launch for carrying freight from the railway to
the school across the lake. This launch has proved a good, serviceable boat. The
outdoor work such as haymaking, working in the gardens, and caring for the stock
was performed intelligently. The growing crops looked very promising and proved
to be the best since the establishment of the school.
The health of the pupils has been very satisfactory. Ada Roberts, a girl from
the Moosehidc band, died at the Whitehorse hospital; this was the first case of death in
three years. Every care is taken by the staff to keep the children in good health. The
physical drills, as outlined in the manual issued by the department, were well done,
showing that they were well and frequently practised.
SUPEIilXTEXDENT OF IXDIAX EinCATIOy 195
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Fire drill is excellent. A test was made when the pupils were asleep in bed at
10 p.m., and the buildin": was emptied in a little under three minutes and done in an
orderly manner. The pupils are taught to pick up their clothinf,' and wrap a quilt
around them. On examination I found each child with its clothinfr in its arms and
wrapped in a quilt, all this was done in the time specitied above. The staff were
xmaware of my intention to ring the fire alarm.
Credit is due to the staff for the excellent manner in which they are conducting
the school, the discipline is remarkable.
Whitehorse.
The Indian day school here has been in abeyance during the past year, owing
to a variety of circumstances. In the earlier part the Indians were away in the hills
hunting. Through the decrease in the price of furs they were in poor circumstances
and were obliged to remain out hunting as they did not have the money to support
themselves in their village.
The Kev. W. G. Blackwell, the teacher, was away for six months on a busineaa
and holiday trip, and the moving of the Indians to the new reserve upset things
somewhat, so that it was not possible to gather the children together for school. A
new school-house will possibly be built on the reserve in the near future. In the
autime school will be held in the present building whenever the Indians are around
;:ttend.
Teslln Lake and Champagne Landing.
The missions at these places have Keen vacant during the year, the Church authori-
ties being tillable to secure a man for them. I am given to imderstand by the Bishop
of Yukon that he is in negotiation with a teacher for Champagnes to take up the
school work, but arrangements were not complete at the time of writing. Both tho
schools at these places were doing good work and it is regrettable that they are now
closed.
Little Salmon.
The Eev. C. Swanson has conducted school here, whenever the Indians were at
the village, with good results. The pupils are bright and anxious to learn, and show-
samples of their work with great pride. All are in the elementary grade, and pro-
gress is rather slow, for the simple reason that the pupils are so much away and can-
not attend regularly. Considering the irregularity of the attendance, it may be said
that the teacher has done good work. The school-room is neat and clean, well ventil-
ated, and neatly furnished. Tho Government property is well cared for and is in good
condition.
Selkirk.
Last July the Kev. C. 0. Brett was transferred from Tesliu to this place. On
ling down he ^'mmediately opened the day school, at which ho has had a fair attend-
<■, whenever the Indians are in, and very fair progress was being made by the
scholars. I regret to have to report that owing to the health of his wife he has been-
cnmpelled to resign and leave for a more tempe»ate climate, thus for the present the
'1 is closed. The Church authorities are arranging for one of the ex-pupils of the
•ross Indian boarding school to go to Selkirk to teach the day school. James
d is about 19 years of age, and was one of the brightest pupils in the Carcross
ol. He has done a little teaching in the i^^oosehidc school where he showed apti-
tude for the work, honce his appointment to Selkirk. It is hoped the experiment will
prove successful. The school material is in good condition and well taken care of,
, The school-room is kept neat and clean.
I 27— ii— 13i
196 DEPARTJJEyT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Moosehide.
This school, being located three miles from Dawson, is frequently visited by me.
The pupils are fairly regular in attending, and while the progress is somewhat slow,
there is a marked improvement since my last report. Some of the pupils read and
write fairly well and have some knowledge of elementary arithmetic. The attendance
varies somewhat because at times the children are away with their parents hunting.
The sessions have been lield continuously tloroughout the year. During the absence
of the regular teacher. Rev. B. Totty, on missionary trips, a temporary teacher has
been employed. Mr. J. Whitehouse taught on one occasion and Mr. James Wood on
the other, both being efficient. I visited the school during both these periods and saw
the teachers at work. The school-room is neatly and cleanly kept, the pupils were
clean, and the discipline very fair. The school material is in good order and is care-
fully looked after.
Fo7'ty Mile.
Mr. A. C. Field has taught four Indian pupils in the day school, which is a
mixed school for Indians and whites. He reports that the Indians have done pretty
well. I have not yet had an opportunity of examining the Indian pupils, but expect
to visit the place shortly, after which a further report will be sent.
Rampart House.
The day school here is taught by the native clergyman, the Rev. Amos Njootli.
All the work is done in the native tongue, as the clergyman himself speaks very little
English. Most of the pupils read and write in their own language. What is needed
here ia a teacher to teach the school in English. It is hoped that this may be arranged
for by the Anglican Church, which is conducting the mission.
General BemarTcs.
I may say that the day school work throiighout the territory has been carried on
during the year under many difficulties. I feel that it can be justly said that the best
Jias been done in circumstances that none could control. Conditions in regard
to the Indians are improving, better prices are now being paid for their furs, and we
hope that during the coming year the attendance at the day schools will improve.
It is hoped that the information conveyed by the forego.ing report will be of value
to those interested in Indian education, and that it may be useful as a record of pro-
gress.
I have tlie honour to be, sir,
Your obedient servant,
MARTIN BENSON,
For Superintendent of Indian Education.
REPORT OF A. J . BOYD, INSPECTOR OF INDIAN SCHOOLS IN THE
PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA.
The number of schools under my supervision at present, which is temporary, iS'
twenty-eiglit, including Halfway River, Beaumont, and Black Lands, these being i
properly white schools attended by Indian children. The first mentioned is in Nova
Scotia, the two others are in New Brunswick.
[
sirERiyTFyDENT OF lyniAy KoucATioy 197
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
INSPECTION.
It is my duty to iiippect the schools in Nova Scotia periodically, and those in the
other ^Nraritimc Provinces as occasion occurs. I, therefore, promptly emhraced the
opportunity wh.ich presented itself in January last, to visit and inspect the schools at
Tobique and Edmundston, in New Brunswick, which I found in charge of efficient
teachers, and which, as a result, are making satisfactory progress.
I inspected all the schools in Nova Scotia since the beginning of the present
term, except the New Germany school, which I had to pass by on my tour of inspection
on account of stormy weather, which caused a suspension of railway traffic at that par-
ticular time in some sections of We-tern Nova Sotia.
All Indian school-houses in Nova Scotia are in very good repair, with the excep-
tion of the one at Shubenacadie reserve. Other buildings also connected with the
schools are, for the most part, in good condition. Class-rooms, as a rule, are kept
scrupulously clean and well ventilated, which is evidence that hygienic conditions arc
duly appreciated. These observations will also apply in a general way to school build-
ings in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island.
ATTENDANCE.
Eeferring particularly to Nova Scotia, an epidemic of measles, which visited many
sections of the province recently, and from which Indian reserves were not exempt by
my means, interfered r?ther seriously with the attendance at Indian schools this year,
as it did with many of the white schools. A prevailing factor which adversely affects
the attendance of pupils at school evei-y term, is the inability of parents with large
families to provide their children with comfortable clothing, and, as a consequence,
many of the younger ones are kept from attending school during the winter months.
Yet, from statistical information obtained on my tour of inspection, I find that the
number of pupils enrolled up to the end of the fiscal year was approximately 25P, with
;'u average attendance of about 145, or 56 Tpev cent, which, in the circum-tuncos.
may be considered very good.
In most of the schools inspected by me progress was evident and satisfactory —
particularly so in a few instances — and, as a rule, they compare favourably in that
respect with the other common schools of the country. Good discii)line and polite
behaviour on the part of pupils were pleasing features in most of the schools, and gave
evidence of careful training by the teachers.
Under this heading I have to repeat what I stated on former occasions, that
teachers employed by the department are well qualified to perform the duties which they
are expected to faithfully discharge. There may be a couple among the number who
do not display as much energy as they might, but there are bound to be exceptions,
always, to the most comprehensive rules.
198 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
REPOET OF REV. JOHN J. RYAN, SUPERINTENDENT OP INDIAN
SCHOOLS, FOR THE PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK.
Eleven schools are now comprised in this superintendency, and are situated as
follows: Burnt Church, Eel Ground and Red Bank, in Northumberland county;
Eel River in Restigouche county; Big Cove in Kent county; Oromocto in Sunbury
county; St. Mary's and Kingsclear in York county; Woodstock in Carleton county;
Tobique in Victoria county; and Edmundston in Madawaska county.
Eel River School.
On September 15, accompanied by Mrs. J. Morrissey, wife of the Minister of
Public Works for New Brunswick, and Mrs. M. A. Ryan, I paid an official visit to
this school. There were eighteen pupils present, and the average attendance since the
opening of the term was eighteen. I examined the pupils in all the subjects taught,
and am pleased to say that they acquitted themselves very creditably and made a most
favourable impression on the visitors. All the children were neatly and comfortably
clothed, and were very obedient.
The teacher, Miss M. Leblanc, has done excellent work since she assumed charge
of this school. The building is comfortable and there are ample playgrounds. This
school is showing progress and, in a short time, it shovild be one of the best in the
superintendency.
Eel Ground School.
On September 20, accompanied by Father Dixon, I visited this school and found
nineteen pupils present. At my request Father Dixon examined the pupils and was
well pleased at the good showing of the older pupils. The children are acquiring a
better knowledge of English. Good order was maintained during our visit, and the
children were clean and neatly clad.
Miss Margaret Isaacs, the teacher, is a bright, capable girl and is ambitious to
succeed. The school building is in good condition. Teacher's quarters have been
erected recently.
Burnt Church School.
Accompanied by Father Murdock, I visited this school on September 20. There
were sixteen pupils in attendance. I examined these, but, as a number of the older
pupils were absent, the examination was not as satisfactory as it would otherwise have
been.
The teacher. Miss H. Keating, seems anxious to do her utmost for the welfare of
the pupils. The school building is in excellent condition. Splendid playgrounds
adjoin the school. Miss Keating has shown commendable enterprise in encouraging
the boys to cultivate a school garden. The children worked diligently to make this a
success.
Red Banlc School.
This school was inspected on September 21, when there were thirteen pupils present.
As this school has just been started, little can be said of the children's work, as the
pupils are only in the first and second grades. The parents do not pay much attention
to their children, but it is hoped that under careful training of the teacher the
pupils will improve in cleanliness and dress.
Miss E. Cormier, the teacher, has no diploma, but I trust she will be successful.
The school is being conducted in a rented room.
Tohique'School.
This school was visited on October 6, and I found twenty-one pupils present. The
average attendance since the beginning of the term was twenty-two. At this time of
i
SUPERINTEXDEKT OF IXDIAX EDUCATION 199
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
the year there is a slight falling oflF in the attendance, as a number of the children are
working in the potato fields. Considerable progress was noticed, especially in reading,
spelling and geography. Discipline was well maintained, and the neatness and clean-
liness of the children was up to tho usual liigh standard.
]\riss McGrand, who has taught here for several years, is a capable, painstaking
and earnest teacher, and admirably qualified for work in an Indian school, being
patient and persevering. The school building and outhouses are in good repair, and
ample playgrounds adjoin the building.
Oromocio School.
Accompanied by Father Cormier, I inspected this school on October 14. There
were eleven present, out of an enrolment of twelve, and the average attendance since
the start of the term was ten. The children acquitted themselves very creditably in
their examination. A pleasing improvement in reading has taken place. This improvi-
ment is due to the perseverance of the teacher. In spelling, arithmetic, drawing and
geography, they were good. Discipline is well maintained, and they were generally
neat and clean in dress and appearance.
^liss B. McCaffrey is a qualified teacher, and has had charge of this school since
its inception. She is painstaking and conscientious. Owing to the indifference of
the parents, a careful supervision over the children is required. There has been a
considerable improvement in the manners and dispositions of the children, and good
work is being done. Splendid playgrounds adjoin the school.
Kingsclear School.
On October 15 I visited this school and examined the eighteen pupils who were
present. The average attendance since the beginning of the term was nineteen, an
excellent showing. The pupils, both in the primary and advanced grades, showed good
progress. I found tlie girls, especially, very well advanced in arithmetic, geography,
spelling and reading. The discipline was good, and the deportment of the children is
worthy of special mention. They were neatly and comfortably dressed.
The teacher. Miss Florence O'Brien, is a very bright and clever young lady, hold-
ing a superior grammar school license. Her enthusiasm is touching the slower natures
of the Indian children, and I trust that the progress, now evident, will continue. The
school building, being a new and np-to-date structure, is bright and cheerful. There
are ample playgrounds.
Bifj Cove School.
Accompanied by Father McLaughlin, I visited this school on November 16 and
found thirteen pupils present. Owing to the indifference of the parents the attendance
at this school is unsatisfactory.
The teacher. Miss McLaughlin, is doing her best in the interest of the pupils, but
lier efforts have been unproductive up to the present. The school building is rather
I'M. There is a good playground.
'Edmundston School.
Aecompaniod by Father Conway, I visited th's school o:i Drcenabor 14. There
were twelve "pupils present out of an enrolment of thirteen. I was pleased with the
progress shown in this school since my last visit. The children, with few exceptions,
did well in reading, arithmetic and geography. Discipline was well maintained, and
the dress and appearance of the pupils compared favourably with the children of the
other school^ in this S"p ri- t 'den^'v.
The teacher. Miss !M. Michaud, is earnest, capable and persevering, and seems
much attached to her work, taking an individual interest in each pupil. The school-
house, recently occupied, is a suitable building for the purpose. The class-room is
well-lighted and heated. The ployc^rminfl i~ f-vc<ll.-nt.
200 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
;S'^. Mary's School.
I inspected this school on March 9 and found twenty pupils present out of an
enrolment of twenty-three. The examination of the children proved very satisfactory,
all doing remarkably well in the different subjects. The older pupils were especially
proficient in arithmetic, particularly mental arithmetic. Good order was maintained
and the pupils were neat, clean, and comfortably clothed.
The teacher, Miss Mary Hughes, is thoroughly com-petent, and devotes hersolf
energetically and conscientiously to her work. She has taught her pupils to love their
work, and the school is improving daily. The scliool-house is new and up-to-date.
There is a good playground.
Woodstoclc School.
I inspected this school on March 13 and found seven pupils present, out of an
enrolment of eleven. On examination the children did well in reading, spelling and
arithmetic. Discipline was well maintained and the pupils presented a clean appear-
ance.
The teacher. Miss Genevieve Brophy, is painstaking and earnest, in the discharge
of her duties. This school is difficult to manage, owing to the parents of the children
not getting on as well as they should. The school-house is modern with a large and
airy class-room. A large playground adjoins the school.
(S'^. Joseph's College.
Two Indian boys, Peter Tremblay and Gabriel Perley, are pursuing their studies
at this institution, and it is very gratifying to be able to state that both boys are
advancing. The elder, Peter Tremblay, has made special progress in English composi-
tion. The examination of both boys at Christmas averaged 86 per cent.
General RemarJcs.
In practically all the schools, sewing and knitting form part of the work of the
girls. A few hours each week are set aside for the teaching of these useful employ-
ments. It is gratifying to note, not only the interest taken by the teacher, but also the
pleasure evidenced by the pupils in this work, and the improvement noticeable from
year to year. Dresses, aprons and blouses are made, while caps, sweaters, stockings
and mitts are knitted.
Calisthenic exercises, as prescribed by the department, form part of the school
work. These exercises tend to get the children out of their naturally indolent ways,
and, besides, are healthful for their bodies. Health talks, suitable to the understanding
of the children, are also given by the teachers, who, in a number of cases, give advice
to the parents when opportunity offers.
In conclusion, I may say that the department has a painstaking and earnest body
of teachers, who, in season and out of season, labour for the advancement of the
children committed to their care. Their work during the past year has been crowned
with success.
sri'KRiXTEyDFyT OF i\nf.\\ Fnr-fArfox 201
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
r.EPOT?T OF .ro^^^ r. bfnn. rwsPECTOR of tndtan aoft^ctes and
RESKRYER. OX TTTE TXDTA\ SOTTOOLS TN THE T.AKK WFVXIPKc
INSPECTORATE.
Norway House Boarding School.
This school is conducted under the auspices of the Methodist Church of Canada.
1 ho principal of the school is the Rev. J. A. Lousley. I visited this school in Sep-
tomber, 1915, and went over the premises thoroughly, and into the work very car.^
fully.
The building- used for the school work is new and is in jjood condition and the
accoramodation is ample for the present needs of the work. It is modern in equipment,
is electric-lighted, heated ly steam, well ventilated, and is built on a fine location!
The grounds are ample in area for the recreation of the pupils.
The attendance at the school, is well up to capacity and numbers eighty-nine in
residence, 53 boys and 36 girls. At the time of my visit I found the pupils in residence
bright and enjoying fairly good health.
I found that they were making good progress in their studies and other training
(xercises. In addition to their class work the boys, in a systematc manner. ar.> tauirht
to perform domestic chores pertaining to the outside work of any well-ordered home,
carpentering, gardening and habits of industry, and they are also taught habits of
politeness and respect for the staflF and each other. The girls are taught plain and
fancy .-rwing. mending, darning, knitting, cooking, laundry and general domestic
work. They are taught habits of cleanliness and elementary rules and knowledge of
sanitation.
The staff are well qualified for their work, and perform 4:heir duties with credit to
themselves and profit to their pupils. They are kind and fair, good disciplinarians,
and exercise good judgment in the discharge of their duty.
I was favourably impressed with this institution, and, when the work of getting
located in the new quarters and premises is completed, the outlook for successful
operation is promising.
Fort Alexander Boarding School.
This school is conducted under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church. The
work is under the supervision of the assistant-principal, the Rev. Father Jellin; tlio
principal, tlio Rev. Father Bousquet, has been fighting under the Hag of France since
the commencement of the European war. The Rev. Father Jellin is assisted by a
competent staff.
I visited this school on the Sth June, 1915, and I went over the premises, visited
the buildings and found everything in splendid order. The arrangements for the
accommodation of the staff and pupils were complete and comfortable. The pupils,
numbering about sixty-one, boys and girls, I found to be bright, healthy and contented.
They are also progressing very well in their class-work.
The farm and garden, operated in connection with the school, are well managed
hy the farmer and his assistant, who are capable officials, ^lany of the boys
are given duties to perform on this work, and in this way they are given practical
lessons in farming and gardening, and how to care for hoKCS, stock, pigs and poultry,
and to milk cows. The girls are also given practical lessons in plain and fancy sewing,
laundry and domestic work, knitting and mending.
The institution is well cared for and managed, and reflects credit on the manage-
ment, in all departments of their work.
202 DEPARTME^^T OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Nelson House Bay School (Methodist).
There is no school building at this point. The work is under the charge of Mr.
W. E. Hutty, an active and interested man who is anxious to succeed. The Indians
here are a good band. The school population is quite large, but for the greater part
of the year is nomadic and scattered, so that there is always a difficulty in having
them assembled for successful class work. The prospect of a new school building
centrally located, will assist the work. I saw some of the working records in use daily
and the writing and spelling were fair, and some progress was evidenced.
Cross Lake Day School (Methodist).
This school was visited on August 16, 1915. The enrolment on this date
was fourteen, attendance 7. This was low, as the Indians had not permanently
returned from their summering homes about the lake. A local epidemic among the
children also affected the attendance. Mr. Johnson Hargreaves, the teacher, is fairly
well qualified and is interested in the work. The classes were assembled in a rented
room and they were quite comfortable. The work is very elementary, but some writing
and spelling in the daily records was fairly well done. The equipment was ample and
in good order.
Norway House Day School (Methodist).
This school was visited on September 17, 1915. The enrolment was twenty-
seven, the attendance on the day of inspection was seventeen. Examination tests
showed the work to be elementary. Reading was good, spelling was fair, writing was
neat and tidily done. In arithmetic, number work and simple problems, showed the
scholars to be intelligently getting in touch with this work. Calisthenics is practised
regularly and the children appear quite proficient in this. The scholars sang the national
anthem very well. Miss De Wolff, the teacher, is very successful with the Indian
children, being patient and kind, so that she wins the affection and respect of her
pupils, and thus is more readily able to centre attention to subjects she desires to teach.
The school building was in good order. The equipment was ample and in good order.
Poplar River Day School (Methodist).
This school was not in operation for some time. I visited it in June, 1915. It
was owing to the indifference of the Indians that the school was closed for a time. The
new councillor. Miles Michel, is active and energetic, and desirous of having conditions
bettered. He wants a teacher, and a new one took up the work in August, 1915.
Reports are encouraging, and there is a more active interest shown by the band. The
building was in fair condition, clean and tidy. The equipment was amili^ and in
good order.
Berens River Day School (Methodist).
I visited this school on June 22, 1915. The classes were not assembled at
the time. I examined the daily working records of the pupils, and found writing and
spelling neatly and well done, simple problems in arithmetic were fairly worked out.
I found the building clean and tidy and well kept. The equipment was ample and in
good order. Eev. J. H. Lowes was, actively, the teacher during the past year.
Bloodvein Day School (Methodist).
This school was visited on June 19. The pupils had been disbanded for summer
holidays. The building, log with a shingled roof, was in fair repair, clean and tidy.
The equipment was ample and in good order. The teacher is Joseph Everett, an edu-
cated Indian, He is kind and patient with his pupils, and does fair work. The copy-
books and scribblers used by the children showed neat writing and fair spelling.
SrPFRI\TEyDF:yT nr IMHW FDCCATIOS- 203
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Deer Lake Day Sehool (Methodiat).
This is a summer day scliool. I visited this day scliool on July 8, 19ir>, Tlie
furniture is rough, being made on the ground by the teacher, Elijah Sinclair, an
ix-pupil of Brandon industrial school. The seats are comfortable. The elass-work
- very elementary, the attendance is good, and the pupils are interested. The ri'sult
uf the work is very encouraging and a credit to the teacher, who is patient nnd kind
to his pupils. The classes are assembled in a log building that is commodious, com-
fortable and kept very clean. The equipment was limited and was in good or(l(>r.
The school-room is well lighted and well ventilated.
Oxford House Day School (Methodist).
During the past year my visiting did not extend to this point. The teacher reports
that there has not been much progress, owing almost entirely to the nomadic habits
of the people. The Indians of this band live by hunting and fishing, and to success-
fully work for a living, they are scattered, and move about a great deal.
Cross Lake School (Roman Catholic).
I visited this school on x\ugust 17, 1915. This school was being conducted under
rather unsettled conditions. The day sehool feature was discontinued on June r.<>.
1915, as it was expected that the new school building would be ready for partial
occupation. At the time of my visit the school was still going as a semi-day and
boarding school. The pupils present as hoarders were: thirteen hoys and twelve gi; is ;
the day pupils, eight boys and seven girls. The boarders were tidy and well dressetl
and looked healthy and well nourished. The scholars did some elementary exercises
hich were commendable. I examined the daily working records, and found tl-i^
riting and spelling fairly good, and knowledge of simple problems in arithmetic
fairly good. The girls are taught sewing, knitting, and assist in domestic work in
all departments. The boys are taught suitable habits of industry, in such a manner
as should be of assistance to them when they start to become home-makers and to
settle down for life. The buildings used for the accommodation of the staff a»id
pupils of the school are commodious and comfortable. The equipment and supplies
for the school work were ample and kept in good order.
North St. Peter's Day School (Anglican).
I vi.sited thi,s school on ]\Jarch 14, 1915. I found the enrolment to be twenty-
six, the attendance on the day I visited being nine. Examination tests
resulted as follows: I founid that the pupils read and spelled very well, their coi)y-
' noks were neat and tidy, the writing good. Elementary arithmetic was fair. The
leher is Peter Harper, a member of St. Peter's band. Tie is faithful and attentive,
i-atient and kind to his pupils, and hriugs his pupils along fairly well. The ssclinol
building is log with a shingled roof and plastered walls. It is well lighted and is
commodious and warm. Supplies for the school were ample and in good order.
Norivay Hoxise Day School (Anglican).
I visited this tchool on September 16, 1915. The enrolment was t'ynity-
0, the attendance was seven. The attendance varies in summer. Work is
mentary.> Reading and spelling fair, writiug was good. Elementary arithmntlc
tar.ght with fair success. Mrs. [Marshall, the teacher, has a scf-ond-chis'; pr .fc*-
oional certificate from Ontario. She taught in Toronto for twelve years. The school-
room is in the house occupied by Rev. 'Mr. [Marshall, the resident Anglican missionary.
It is comfortable and commodious, and the equipment and supplies of the school-room
are sufficient and in good order.
Grand Rapids Day School (Anglican).
I visited this day school on June 28, 1915. The classes were disbanded for
tlie summer holidays. I examined the scribV')'"-- -i'"] .-..i.v-ti-.r.l-^ n-.-,] .l.nlv l.v tlip
204 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
pupils, and found, from these, that the woi'k was receiving careful attention. Writing
and spelling were fair, and elementary arithmetic w^s workeid out very well. The
teacher is Nathan Settee, an educated Indian. He performs his duties very well.
He is patient and kind to his pupils, and keeps fair discipline. The buildina: was in
good condition and well kept. The grounds have been cleaned up and inipxcved, and
afford some chances for recreation for the pupils. The new chief is enerjretic and
helps the school. The supplies and equipment were ample and kept in good order.
Fort Alexander Day School (Anglican).
I visited this school on June 11, 1915. The classes were not assembled at the
time, not having returned after the treaty holiday. I examined the building and
the premises, and found the build'ing in good order, clean and tidy. The supplies and
equipment were ample. I saw the scribblers and copy-hooks used daily by the pupils.
Writing and spelling were fair and simple problems in elementary nr'thmetic were
worked out fairly well. The teacher is the Rev. C. H, Fryer. He is kind and patient
with the children, and enjoys the confidence of the parents and children.
Black River Day School (Anglican).
I visited this day school on June 9, 1915. The classes were assembled, and
I looked over them specially, as this was a holiday on account of the payments. 1
found the building kept clean ai:id tidy. The equipment and supplies of the .school
were ample and in good order. The teacher, George Slater, handles the work well,
and under his care the school is progressing. I examined the scribblers and copy-
books. The writing and spelling was fair, and simple problems in arithmetic were
satisfactorily worked out.
Hollow Water Day School (Anglican).
I visited this school on June 10, 1915. I found the building in good order,
clean and tidy. The equipment was ample and in good order. The teacher is
the PvL'v. George Smith, the missionary here. He hand'es the work verv well. Ml
the classes are elementary. The daily working records showed good writing and fair
spelling. The band is divided, a portion living at Rice River and a portion at the old
point, near the mouth of the Hollow Water river. For this reason the attendance is
smarl.
Brnlcenhead Day School (Anglican).
I visited this school on June 5, 1915. The classes were not in session. I found
the school building in good order, clean and tidy. The equipment and supplies
were ample anVi in good order. The teacher, John Sinclair, is patient and kind to
his pupils. The class work is elementary, but the scribblers and copy-books showed
good writing, good spelling and some fair work in elementary arithmetic.
General RemarJiS.
The classification of the day schools in the Lake Winnipeg inspectorate is elemen-
tary. The work that is done has been faithfully performed, and the Indians have been
shown, and it has been explained to them clearly, the benefits and advantages ot
education. It has been, at all times, pointed out to them that the department places
these opportunities within easy reach for them, very freely, and that the teachers
work conscientiously to perform their duty. I desire to state that, in my opinion, the
results achieved warrant continued effort. Those who are engaeerl in this work
deserve every encouragement as the duties that are associated with it are always
strenuous and sometimes disheartening.
SUPETilNTEynENT OF IXDIAX EDVCATHiy 205
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
in'poirr OF RK\'. .i()ti:\ si';.\i.M!.:.\<. ixsi-i.c i ■).; ni- ixdiw nckxciin
AND RESERVES, ON THE SCPIOOLS IN THE LAKE OF THE
WOni>s INSPECTOR ATK.
Hay Schools. •
Til Inst yoar'c; rejiort, T wns uudor the necessity of sayiny: tlmt there wa-s no «-liool
of this class in operation throughout my jurisdiction, and several reasons were adduced
to account for this fact. This year, I am happy to say, we have some advance to
record.
The concentration of the seven small bands of the Rainy river at Manitou Rapids,
which has been pending for some time, was happily consummated during the year
1915, through the activity of Mr. J. P. Wright, the Indian agent at Fort Frances.
Instead of having a number of small circles of people at various degrees of distance
from e;ieh other, we now have the whole of the Indians of the river at one point.
What we could not do for a much scattered population becomes easy in the changed
circurastances.
In consequence of this re-arrangement the department ordered the erection nf a
combinei'l school buildins: and teacher's residenr-e, which was comn'cteil nb<)"t l-isf
midwinter. A suitable teacher was engaged, and organization was effected; so that,
at the time of writing, we have a fine day school in active o|>eration. It is too sni.ii
to think of inspection and report upon the work being done, but we are assured that
excellent success must follow the introduction of this now line of activity.
Boardinij Schools.
Splendid work is being done in institutions of the boarding school class, and
• oh'ect of this report '.s to present n resume of the work done in the three S'-hools
which we have had the honour of inspecting during the year just closed.
Kenora Boarding School.
Three visits have been made by myself to this school during the year, — one on
July 19, 1915, another on November 12, 1915, and a third on February 23, 1916. Special
reports were sent to the department after each inspection, conveying information both
general and financial.
This institution is situated about two miles south' of the town of Kenora,
Ontario. It is built near the top of a hiil slojung toward the lake of the WonrN. mid
preseaits a most imposing appearance to the many tourists and visitors who visit
Kenora in the summer tiinc
The principal is the Rev. C. Brouillet, O.M.I. He is assisted by Brother A.
I )'Amour, disciplinarian of the boy students. Sister Gerard as matron. Sisters Gilbert
■1 Octave as teachers, and three other sisters in various capacities.
The school is equipped with all modem conveniences, is well lighted with elec-
•ity, and has a first-class heating apparatus, quite adequate to all demands.
-rmitories are capacious, well ventilated, abundantly supplied with bedding ol
■ d quality. ari>d are as clean as soap, water and energy could make them. Tho
\vash bowls, towels, baths and cupboards for storage of clothing are in perfect order.
The class-rooms are well equipped with up-to-date desks and are commodious,
11 lighted, and properly ventilated. Ample supplies of books, slates, copy-book?
d other requisites were found to he on h:ii:d or in use. The teachers arc well qnnli-
ued, kind in manner, yet firm in preserving order. The progress of the pupils was
satisfactory.
A new septic tank, properly connected, is a great boon to the school.
The pupils are very obedient to their officers, very polite to strangers, and faithful
in the performance of their duties. The English language is freely spoken, and the
206 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
home feeling is strongly developed. Many of the ex-pupils are reported as doing well
since their return to their reserves, and their influence is felt in the home life of their
people. The staff must be commended for continued devotion to the best interests
of the pupils intellectually, socially, and morally. The rules laid down by the depart-
ment for the guidance of the school are faithfully observed.
Cecilia Jeffrey Boarding School.
This school has been inspected on two occasions during the year, on June
18, <1915, and on March 23 and 24, 1916. The school is situated on the shore
of Shoal lake, Ontario, adjacent to reserves No. 39 and 40. It is about forty-
live miles from the town of Kenora in a southwesterly direction, and within about
five miles of the now famous " Indian bay," whence the city of Winnipeg- proposes to
procure its water-supply. The terminus of the Greater Winnipeg Water District
Eailway is now within a short distance of the school. ^
The principal of this institution is the Rev. F. T. Dod^ds, a clergyman of the
Presbyterian Church. Mrs. Dodds is matron, Miss Zena Brodie is teacher, Miss Lila
Stratton is nurse, Miss Emma Andrew has charge of the kitchen, and Miss Craig is
laimdress. The assistant to the principal has recently resigned. The officers appear
to be much overworked. The number of children in attendance is sixty-three, twenty-
eight boys and thirty-five girls. All the children are in good health.
The class-room is large, high, well lighted, well ventilated, and well furnished.
The teacher is ?doing excellent work. The building is clean throughout. All the taps
and the hose connections are in good working order. The compression tank does its
work well. Fire-drill is regularly practised. A roof has been added to the balconien
of the fire-escape. Safety is now secured, and general satisfaction has resulted.
Outbuildings are in good order, and the stock has wintered well. The water-supply
is in good working order, and the sewerage is perfect.
Progress in English is not quite up to expectation, but steps are being taken to
bring about improvement in this direction.
The department has lately permitted the principal to enrol pupils to the number
of seventy, and this will greatly help the finances. To the credit of the school, it
must be said, that good influences have resulted from the conduct of ex-pupils. Grant
Okemow, Alex. Mandamin, David Kesik, John R<ibert Tapeigh. and Charles Piik-
wasikun are specially named as having done the institution credit both in point of
tl.'riftiness an?d in general good character.
A number of the girls, who have gone out to practical life, have married and are
keeping their homes in good order, and are leading moral lives. Such signs of the
t'mes afford encouragement to those who labour for the industrial aJid social uplift
of these children of the forest. Tribal life is being slowly, but surely, moulded into
new and improve^d conditions, through the educational work of the department.
Fort Frances Boarding School.
This school was inspected on March 16 and 17, 1916. It is located on the shore
of Eainy lake, immediately west of Couchiching reserve, and is about three miles from
the town of Fort Frances, Ontario.
The Rev. Father Vales, O.M.I., is principal. Rev. Sister Marianne is matron,
and they have, as assistants, two male members of staff and four sisters. There are
sixty children in attendance, all of whom were in good health with the exception of
three, who were not seriously ill.
I conducted a thorough examination of both the senior and junior departments
of the school, and must bear testimony to a general proficiency. I noted very cori-
siderable improvement since my last visit. The children have developed a capability
which it is a pleasure to commend. Enunciation was distinct and clear, punctuation
suPEniyrFyDtyr of isdiax EincATioy 207
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
was la-opL'i'Iy ou-si-i-vi-tl. acri'iii \\:i- -.i..u. khh- ;u!(1 iiKiiiiHT \vr:i- . xcc: lent. 1 ia-ro was
no .-;hyTie=s nor hositation. and they iindi rstood what tlu-y wco ivadinir. The bhu-lc-
lioard exercises in arithmetic, as far on as division, were complex questions, but they
re worked out with a promptness which was both pleasing and surprising. The
oral knowledfro of Eiijilish was found to be good. Alany of tlit- pai>.l», on In-iny:
.d the meaning of certain words in their lesson, gave satisfactory replies in
Itless diction.
Wholesome food was supplied in suHicient quantities. The host proof of this is
le found in the chubby faces of the smilinpr children. All pupils art; well dres-tn-l
and tidy in appearance, and stores of elothincr are laid aside for future use.
Water pipes were frozen at the time of inspection, much to the Misadvantau'e of
all concerned. It wns ijiterestinsr to observe how quickly other methods of iiroeednre
were adopted to meet the unforeseen emerfrcncy.
The atmosphere in all the rooms was found to be fresh and good. Fire-appliances
were ready for action. The drainage system was working well. The furnaces wire
meeting all demands. The house, in all its parts, was clean and o'-derly.
Altogether there was so mneh to commend and so little to find fault w'th th'^f
your inspector believes it will afford pleasure to the department to know how matters
stand. In conclusion the agent, Mr. J. P. Wright, assures me that not only is the
school living up to its duties and privileges, but its influence for good is felt both far
REPORT OF S. J. JACKSON. INSPECTOR OF INDIAN AOENCIES AND
RESERVES. ON THE SCHOOLS IN THE LAKE MANITOBA
INSPECTORATE.
Dog Creek Day ScJiool (Roman Catholic).
I visited and inspected this day school ou Thursday, Jime 3, and found on the
roll ten boys and nine girls, a total of nineteen. The aver-age attendance for the
quarter ending March 31 was five.
Standard I are in the A.B.C. class, except four who read a little in the first
reader. Standard II read in the second reader. They can count up to 100 and are
learning addition. They can write their names. Six out of the eleveu i>resciit a e
good writers. The two in Standard II know the multiplication table up to six times
twelve. They alco know the days in the week and the months in the year. They ^ire
taught the geography of the Dominion, the provinces and their capitals. The g-eat
t'on.ble with this school is the irregular attendance. Mr. ^Martel. the tea<-her. has
— ed the first part for matriculation, but has no certificate.
Ehh and Flow Day School (Roman Catholir).
1 inspected this school on Saturday, June 5, and found on the roll fourteen
I'lipils, ten boys and four girls.
The first standard know their A.B.C.'s, and can count up to thirty. Th.y jImj
;te simple words on their slates. Average attendance during the last three weeks
~ twelve. This was the only part of the quarter that th<! school was open. The
>nd standard can do simple sums up to multiplieation. and can read fairly well in
second re.ader. Aliss Adams has been teaching for one year. She has no cortifi-
I ate, but was educated at Portage-la-Prairie an'd St. Ro.se.
Upper Fahford Bay School (Anglican).
I inspected this d?.y school three times during the year, on April 12. Tune 9, and
November 25.
208 DEPARTMEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
The average for the quarter ending March 31, 1915, was five. The irregular
attendance has prevented any progress being made at this school. The teacher, Eupert
Bruce, says that the parents vpill not send their children regularly, and, in consequen<?e,
he cannot make progress.
Lower Fairford Day School (Anglican).
I inspected this school on Monday, June 14, and also in November. In June
I found on the roll fifteen boys and sixteen girls, a total of thirty-one.
The second standard read well in the second book, spell very v;eH, and can do
s^ms up to long division. They are also good writers. The pupils in this class each
recited a page of poetry. The premier division of the first standard read well in the
Ontario primer, can spell any word in their lesson, and do simple sums up to multi-
plication. They can all write their names on their slates. The A. B.C. class are
good in knowing their A.B.C.'s and can read small words. All the pupils in standard
one can write their names. Ail the pupils sing hymns and songs very nicely. At
the date of this report, both the Upper and Lower Fairford day schools have been
closed, and the new combined day school, which is midway between the two old
schools, has been opened, under ihe charge of A. Hyson, teacher, and Mrs. Hyson,
matron. The children are taken to this school by team, and a warm meal is given to
them at noontime.
Lalce St. Mariin Day School (Anglican).
I inspected this day school on Thursday, June 10, and found on the roll eight
boys and seventeen girls, a total of twenty-five.
There were present at inspection twenty-three pupils, seven boys and sixteen
girls. The average for the quarter ending March 31 was 13-06. The two pupils in
standard four read well in the third book, spell well, are good writers, and can do
sums up to long division, and know the geography of Western Cana^da. Nearly ^11
the pupils present were in standard one and are in classes from the A. B.C., to read-
ing in the first book. All of the senior pupils write well. The teacher is John A.
Favel.
Little Saalcatcheil-an Day School (Anglican).
I visited this school on Friday, June 11, and found there were present twenty-
five pupils, ten boys and fifteen girls. This school was not open during the March
quarter, owing to the death of the previous teacher. Thei. second standard read very
well in the second book, and can spell fairly well and can do small sums in addition.
The first part of the first standard read fairly well in the first primer and can spell
some words in their lessons. The second part of the first standard know their A. B.C.
and figures, also small words. Mr. Hyson, the teacher, has only recently come from
England, where he has taught in the Anglican church schools and appears anxious to
make good. At the date of this report he has been promoted to teach the new improved
'day school at Fairford, and Colin Sanderson, till lately teacher at Lower Fairford,
is now in charge of the Little Saskatchewan school.
Water Hen Day School (Roman Catholic).
I visited this school on June 17. The holidays were on at the time of my visit,
and owing to the lowness of the water, we arrived on the reserve at T p.m. on Thurs-
day and left the following morning at 6.45 a.m., giving me no opportunity to inspect
this school on the treaty trip. The attendance for the quarter ending March 31 was
5-12, and the teacher complains of the poor attendance and the difiSculty in getting
the Indians to see the necessity of sending their children regularly. A good many of
the children were sick at the time of my visit. The teacher, Joseph Inglott, was
SUPERiyTEXDKyT OF IMXAX KIH rwioy 209
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
educated at Stoiieluirst Jesuit College, Enp;land, Palermo Jesuit CoUeire. and at a
college at Malta. He has a third-class professor's certificate from Manitoba, but no
Normal training. He has had Normal training in England.
Pine Creek Boarding School (Roman Catholic).
The principal. Father G. Leonard, is a?--.i>tetl l.\ a >tafi' of thr.c maic i-i-iants
and nine sisters. I insiieeted this school twice during the year, on June 20,
1915, and January' 7, 1910. At the time of my first visit there were present
in both class-rooms, nineteen boys and thirty-two girls. A great number of the pupils
were laid up at the time of my visit with a cold. Twenty-four girls and nine
boys were sick with the measles. It being Saturday, I just looked over bath
rooms, without making a regular inspection of the classes. All the other departments
of the school were also looked over, and I found every branch of the work of tlm
school carefully managed. On my second visit, in January, I found present in the
senior class-room, which is in charge of Sister Lawrence, eleven boys and twenty-one
girls, a total of thirty-two. The second class read well in the second reader, and
can spell all the words in their lessons. They write nicely, and are also taught draw-
ing and geography. The third standard read well in the Catholic render and are
excellent in spelling. They do sums up to short division and are also taught
geography and driwing. The two boys and four girls in tlie fourth reader nr-- just
about as far advanced in all classes of the fourth standard as the average white
pupil in the country schbpls of Manitoba.
The junior class-room at this school is in charge of Lay Sister Frances, who is
making good progress in her room. I found present seventeen boys and twenty-seven
girls, all in the first standard, but divided in several branches.
The new junior class-room on the second floor is now completely finished, and is
a great improvement on the old class-room in the basement. Of the numbers quoted
about as far arvanced in all classes of the fourth standard as the average white
leave present at inspection .seventy Indian children. Two Indian boys were away at
the time of this vi'^it-. bringing the attendance for the January quarfcr up to s( vcntv-
two.
Shoal River Day School (Amjlican).
I inspected this school on Monday, June 28, and found present at inspection,
nty-one girls and twenty-two boys. The average for the ilarch quarter Avas SO -2.
ic teacher is Mr. Thos. Conway.
The Marl-ay Boarding School (Anglican).
Rev. Louis Laronde, principal, has a staff of ten assistants, three male and seven
female. I inspected the class-rooms on Tuesday, July 6. I found the junior room in
arge of !Miss K. S. S. Upsdell, teacher. There were present at inspection twenty-six
lis and fourteen boys, all in the first standard. All the children are making good
I-uogress in reading, writing and arithmetic. All can write from dictation and a num-
ber can recite from their lesson-book. They also sing nicely a large number of pieces.
T r.onsider that Miss Upsdell has done a remarkable work in connection with the junior
m at this school, and very great progress can be noticed since my visit last Febru-
:y. In the senior room, where Miss M. G. Willis is the teacher, there were present at
inspection nine girls and seven boys, all in the 2nd-, 3rd and 4th standards.
All read fairly well in the second, third and fourth books. There are five classes
in arithmetic, in this room, from addition to fractions. They are good writers, and
can also spell all the words in their lessons. They are also taught all the other
1 'ranches in their standards. At the school, at the time of my visit, the boys and girl.-
27— ii— 14
210 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
■were being' tau^^lit all tlie outside branches, the raising of all sorts of vegetables aii'^
grain, and also flowers, and the boys, about a dozen of them, were being taught how to
clear land of bush and get it ready for grain and roots. As all the island, 349 acres.,
on Avhich the school is situated, is covered with bush, the land is being cleared. At the
time of my visit about 40 acres was clear of bush and the stump puller was at work.
The big boys were attending to this and were doing well and liked the work. •
There is also, on Fisher island, a hospital for the benefit of the school and agency,
situated about 300 feet east of the school, the nurse in charge being Miss Mabel Jenner,
who is fully qualified. The hospital had been in quarantine since June 24 until the
date of my visit with one case of smallpox. The caretaker, Mr. Belt on, and four other
patients were in at the time of my visit.
Shoal Lahe Day School (Anglican).
I found present four boys and four girls, out of an enrolment of fifteen. The
average for the June quarter was 9-88. The holidays were on at the time of my
visit, but the teacher Louis Young, rang the bell and eight came in for an hour's
examination. Only seven in standard I and one boy in standard II were present.
These pupils are progressing slowly.
Red Earth Day School {Anglican) .
I inspected this school on July 9 and found that Francis Daniels had
been teacher since May 3, I found on the roll nine girls and eighteen boys.
Average for June quarter was thirteen. There were present at Inspection three girls
and fifteen boys. Standard III read nicely in the second reader and have a lot of
general knowledge about things going on about their reserve and surroundings. They
spell any word in the lesson and each of the class wrote me a very nice letter. Stand-
ard II read well and do sums in addition; they also write well. Standard I read well
in the primer and can spell any word in their lesson. They can do small sums in
addition, and are also learning to write. Mr. Daniels taught at the Shoal Lake day
school for two years. He was educated at St. Paul's.
Cumberland Day School {Anglican).
I inspected this school on Thursday, July 15, and found on the roll twelve pupils,
six boys and six girls. The average for the June 'quarter was 4-08. All the pupils
on the roll are in the first standard. There were present at inspection three boys and
two girls, a total of five. The pupils of the first standard are divided into two classes,
the A.B.C. and the first primer. The senior division r'ead well in ■ the Ontario
primer, can do small sums up to substraction, write well and are good spellers. All
the children are taught calisthenics and they sing hymns very well. The teacher,
Joseph Chamberlin, has taught for two years at the Big Eddy day school, and also at
Battleford and Onion Lake schools, for two years. He is conscientious and careful,
and well able to teach. The irregular attendance is the bane of this school.
Chemawawin Day School {Anglican).
I inspected this school on July 20, and found on the roll seven boys and
thirteen girls. The attendance for the June quarter was 10-20. There were present,
at inspection, seven boys and eleven girls. The first part of the first standard are
doing very well. The second part of standard I read well in the first book, standard II
read fairly well in the second book and can spell the words in their lesson. They are
good at mental arithmetic, and can do small sums in long division. They sing weU.
All classes take part in the calisthenic exercises. Mr. R. C. V. Cooper is the teacher.
SL'PKni\Ti:\nK\T or imuax fidicatiox 211
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Moose Lake Day School (Anglican).
I found on the roll thirteen hoys and eleven girls. Tlic .i^.i;,^,- ,ni uu- June
quarter was 9-75. I found six boys and six girls present at inspection. The sucond
standard can read fairly well in the second reader and can do small sums. The first
standard are from the know-nothing up to the A.B.C. and first primer. One thing
is very noticeable in all our Indian day schools, and that is the very -large number of
first standard pupils at every inspection. Just as soon as the child reaches ten or
thereabouts, he stays or is kept away from school. The teacher is Mr. J. G. Kennedy.
Swan Lake Day Sfhoul (PreshyterUin).
I visited this school three times during the year and found things, on ev&ry
occasion, about as usual. I found on the roll, on April 26, fourteen boys and twelve-
girls. At inspection there were present five boys and six girls. The average attend-
ance for the preceding quarter was eight. The children are doing very well, in tlveic
different classes, but the irregular attendance is still a great trouble, ;^^iss J. CI. Bruce
is the teacher and she is assisted by her sister.
Roseau Day School (Romayi Catholic).
I visited this school on December 21 and found on the register of the school twenty-
one pupils, ten boys and eleven girls, all in standard I. The average attendanf^e for the
June quarter was nine. Miss Godin, the teacher, is a bright girl. She has just passed
her entrance examination and I think will do very well at this school. At the time of
my visit there were fifteen pupils preselit, seven boys and eight girls.
liouseau Rapids Day School (Undenominational K
Was not able to visit this school during the year. On my recent visit to the
reserve the snow was so deep and the roads so bad that I decided not to go, seeing that
the agent had been out there a few weeks before.
Crane River Day School (Roman Catholic).
This school is still closed up.
Okanase Day School (Presbyterian).
This school on the Keeseekooweenin reserve still remains closed.
Brandon Industrial School (Methodist).
*■
Eev. T. Ferrier, the principal, is assisted by a staff of twelve. I inspected this
-chool twice during the year, in April, 1915, and November, 1915. On my visit I found
Miss FoUet in charge of the junior class-room. She has been teaching in this room
for several years and is doing good work among the junior pupils. She takes an
interest in the personal progress of each pupil, both in and out of the class-room. I
inspected the junior class-room in the morning, and found present fourteen girls and
fifteen boys.
In the first standard the two branches read very well off the cards and in the
first book. The second class read well in the second book. The third class are read-
ing well in the third book and can do sums up to multiplication in five figures. Both
classes, second and third, write well from dictation, and make sentences with worda
that are on the blackboard. In the afternoon I found present seven boys and eleven
girls. The senior class-room is taught by Miss Margaret Edwards. In the afternoon
there were present fourteen girls and thirteen boys.
27— ii— lii
212 DEPARTMEyf OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
The three standards in this room read very well in the fourth and fifth books,
and they all spell well. They are also good ^vrite^s and can do all sorts of sums. They
are also taught all the subjects as laid down by the department for the differeait
standards.
Miss Edwards has a second-class Ontario non-professional certificate, with a
third-class Normal in Saskatoon. She has a business certiftcate for stenography, also
diploma for pipe-organ and piano. This is her first school. She has been here since
March 11. She seems to like the work among the Indian children and may do for the
.work.
Good teachers for the Indian schools are hard to obtain, as a large number of
"ttie pupils know nothing when they arrive at the school at the age of from 12 to 16.
In both class-rooms, at the time of my visit, were 92 children out of 100 on the roll.
At my second visit in November, I foimd on the roll of the school 116 pupils and
actually present 113, 54 girls and 59 boys. There is a great improvement in the base-
ment of this school since my last visit, owing to the removal of the many hot air fur-
naces. Two Gurney boilers have been installed and the system of heating changed
from hot air to steam. There is now a fine large room for the boys to lounge in. which
has been badly wanted in the winter time. The old system of ventilation took up a
lot of room in the basement, which is now being utilized, and the building is still well
ventilated, the old air shafts being still in operation.
The boys are taught farming, gardening, carpenter work, painting, and also how
to run and repair all kinds of farm machinery, including gasoline engines. If they
stay at this school until they are 18, they will know all about horses and cattle, the
care of colts and young stock, the milking of cows, and the proper care of this class of
stock.
The girls are taught all kinds of housework including the care of milk and the
making of butter. There has been no serious sickness during the year, and the school
had only one death to report.
ELKHOR^^ INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.
The principal, A. E. Wilson, is assisted by a stafp of thirteen. I inspected this
school twice during the year, in April and December. In April I found the senior class-
room in charge of Miss B. McDonald, who has a second-class non-professional certifi-
cate with a second-class normal. She has taught in public schools for three years.
Standards II and IV are doing well in reading, writing arithmetic and geography.
The class-room is in excellent order. Standard III read well in the third book, and are
well advanced in writing, arithmetic and spelling. Standard VI read well in the fifth
book, are good writers, and are also taught arithmetic, geography, history, composi-
tion,-grammar and drawing. Standard VIII read well in English history, write nicely,
are well up in arithmetic and all the subjects taught. Hygiene and calisthenics are
also being taught.
Miss Melita Wilson, teacher of the junior class-room, has a second-class non-pro-
fessional certificate and also second-class Normal. She has taught in public schools
and this school for nearly four years. All the pupils in the junior class-room read well
from the blackboard and first book. The senior division of the standard first do sums
on the blackboard, in addition and multiplication. All the divisions of standard I
are learning to write and some are progressing very well. This class reads well in the
fourth Manitoba reader, spells well, is doing sums up to fractions, is learning geo-
graphy, can draw a map of North America and is good at writing.
The new enlarged class-room is a great improvement over the old class-room. The
total number of pupils present in the class-rooms, at the time of my visit and
inspection was 104. The general health of the pupils has been very good during the
year. There was only one death.
The boys are taught farming and gardening at this school, and also the use orf
SUPERINTEXDEyr OF IXDIiy EDUCATION 213
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
carpenter's tools. When they graduate all will be able to make a good living by work-
ing out for wages, or can utilize their knowledge on the reserves to which they return.
The boys assist in doing all the work of the institution originated by the principal^
assistant-principal, farmer and the carpenter, and are, with few exceptions, handy with
all sorts of tools and implements. They are given special instruction with regard to
cattle.
The girls are under very careful supervision, and, in addition to what they learn
in the class-room, are taught housework wdiich will be useful to them later on in life.
They also assist in making their own clothes, and do all the darning of the institution.
The girls are also taught gardening, and the care of milk, including the making of
butter.
The food furnished at this school is good and plenty of it without any waste.
The bill of fare shows that the children are well nourished with good and wholesome
food.
On December 1 and 2, I went all over the school on a general inspection with the
lady superintendent, and found everything in first-class condition. I also made an
inspection of all the barns, etc., with the principal and farm instructor. I found 119
pupils on the roll of the school, eight of this number were away, due for discharge,
reducing the number to 111.
A new Gurney furnace has been installed in the basement and appears to be
doing good work. The new barn is finished and was full of cattle. The capacity
is thirty-six cows, one bull and a few calves. Threshing was late this year, not having-
been started on the date of my visit.
Portarje la Prairie Boarding School (Presbyterian).
The principal, Mr. W. A. Hendrj-, has a staff or six. I inspected this newly-built
school in September, and also in October. I found on my first visit in September that
^Miss Winnifred Henderson, the teacher, has first-year in arts, holds a second-class
non-professional certificate and a third-class in Normal training. She keeps excellent
order in the school and has good control over all the pupils. In the class-room in the
morning I found 19 boys and 29 girls, and in the afternoon there were twenty boys
and thirty-two girls. On the roll of the school are twenty-eight boys and forty-two
:rls, a total of seventy.
The pupils in all the different classes are being taught as laid down by the depart-
ment for the different standards. All the classes are making progress. It is hard for
the teacher to have so many standard-one pupils in the same room with the other
standards. A second teacher was at work on my second visit, and is taking care of
all the first standard pupils.
The school building is of very fine apix^arance, being built of brick and stone. The
first story is stone and the upper two brick. It is the best finished school building in
the inspectorate, and a credit to the department of Indian Affairs. It is built in the
?hape of the letter H, the centre part being 42 feet by SO feet, and the wings on each
I nd 27 feet by 65 feet, the total front of the building being 134 feet, and the width of
•::e ends 65 feet. There is an inclosed verandah at back, 8 feet by 34 feet, with two
-liort verandahs, one at each end of the inclosed part and opening off the junior dormi-
tories, and in this part is located the fire-escape, two brass sliding rods to the groun(}
floor. The two junior dormitories are each 24 feet by 20 feet and the two senior dor-
mitories are each 26 feet by 29 feet, all of these rooms having a 15-foot ceiling.
The class-room on the ground floor is 27 feet by 23 feet with a 13-foot ceiling,
and will seat comfortably about fifty children. The dining-room is in the bascni.-ut,
and is in size 25 feet by 40 feet with a 9-foot ceiling, and can seat eighty children.
There is ample flooring throughout the upper three floors and in part of basement, the
other part being cement, and the building is plastered throughout.
214 ' DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN' AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
The site adjoins the limits of the city of Portage-la-Prairie and consists of fifty-
six acres, all cultivated. The school building fronts on Crescent lake and there is a
fine view from all the upper windows of the school.
Oak River Day School (Anglican).
Miss Havard, is the teacher. I visited this school several times during the year,
and found that the teacher and her assistant are doing good work. The attendance
has been good and Miss Havard feels that good progress is being made in all the
branches of the school work.
Birile Boarding School (Preshyterian).
The principal, Rev. D. Iverach, is assisted by a staff of five. I found on the
register of the school, twenty-seven boys and twenty-three girls, a total of fifty.
Miss Elizabeth McCurdy was in charge of the class-room during my visit, but I
understand that, shortly after, she retired from the work. Miss McCurdy made an
excellent teacher for the lowei grades, but could not control the larger pupils.
Sandy Bay Boarding School (Roman Catholic).
Father Chagnon, principal, has a staff of eleven. I visited and inspected all the
branches of the Sandy Bay school, and found everything in first-class order. The
notes of this inspection were mislaid.
REPORT OF J. A. MARKLE, INSPECTOR OF INDIAN AGENCIES AND
RESERVES, ON THE SCHOOLS IN THE ALBERTA I^^SPECTORATE.
Erminesldn's Boarding School {Roman Catholic.')
This school is situated within a mile, westerly, of the Hobbema railway station.
It was last inspected on September 3. Twenty-six boys and twenty-four girls were
enrolled. Seventeen of these pupils were in grades three, four and five.
The Rev. Father MouJin is the principal and ten sisters creditably fill various
positions on the staff. There are two class-rooms and the teachers hold first and
second-class certificates. Five pupils were discharged at the end of the June quarter.
Blue Quill's Boarding School {Roman Catholic.)
This school is situated on the Saddle Lake reserve and it is also known as the
"Sacred Heart " school.
It was last inspected on September 13 and there were then twenty-three boys and
twenty-six girls enrolled.
Out of the forty-nine pupils enrolled twenty-four were in grades III, IV and V.
The Rev. Father Husson and eight sisters carry on the work.
Two teachers and two class-rooms are maintained.
About thirty-nine acres of land was cultivated last season. Wheat, oats, barley,
potatoes and various sorts of vegetables were all successfully grown, and also small
fruits and flowers.
Blood Roman Catholic Boarding School.
This school was inspected on November 8.
The Rev. Father Ruaux is the principal and eight sisters fill the various positions
on the staff.
siPFRiyrrxnFXT or ixm w i:i)ir.\Ti(>\ 215
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
There are two class-rooms, each in charge of a teacher.
Twenty-eight boys and twenty-seven girls were enrolled, and of this nnniber
twenty-five girls were in attendance. Twenty-three of the pupils were in grades three
and four.
St. Joseph's Industrial School (Roman Catholic).
This school is situated near the junction of the Bow and the High rivers — near
Davisburg post office. The principal, llev. Father Nordman, has a staff of eleven.
There are two separate main buildings. One building is occupied by the male
staff and the boys, while the sisters and the girl pupils occupy the other one. The
chapel and the refectory are within the building occupied by the reverend sisters.
Two class-rooms are maintained, one solely for boys and the other one for girls only
Mr. J. J. McUougall has charge of the boys' classes, and the Reverend Sister
Cormpigne the girls' classes. There were twenty-six treaty and nineteen non-treaty
children enrolled, or a total of forty-five. Thirty-five pupils were in grades III, IV
and V.
About fifteen thousand bushels of grains were harvested, besides three thousand
iaishels of roots and a lot of green feed and vegetables last season. About fifty head of
horses, one hundred and fifty head of cattle and one hundred pigs are usually kept.
The boys of advanced age assist at farming and in caring for stock, while the eldest
female pupils assist in the kitchen and in the sewing-room.
Crowfoot Boarding School (Roman Catholic).
This school is situated on the Blackfoot reserve and about half a mile south-
westerly of Cluny — a station on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Eailway. An
Inspection was made of this institution on February 14.
The Rev. Father LeVern is the principal, and the Rev. Sister Adrian the matron.
Six more sisters fill other positions on the staff and, besides, there were two male
employees caring for the heating appliances and the outside work. There were thirty-
one boys and fourteen girls enrolled and of these forty-five pupils fifteen were in
grades III, IV and V. Two class-rooms are maintained, one for senior and one
for the junior pupils.
The location of this institution is a commanding one. The buildings are new and
imposing, and about one thousand trees and shrubs have been planted and taken root.
St. Albert Boarding ScJiool (Roman Catholic).
This school is located on a hill overlooking the town of St. Albert about tun
jiiiles northerly from Edmonton. The Rev. Sister Briault, superior, has eight assist-
aiits and four male helps on the farm and on duty within the institution. Three
class-rooms are in charge of a sister each, and fifty-two pupils out of the eighty-three
present were in standards III, IV, V and VI. The inspection was made on March 2.
There are 1,513 acres of land in connection with this institution, and of this acre-
age about three hundred acres are devoted to the growing of grain, roots, green feed
and vegetables of various sorts. Boys of advanced age assist at general farm work and
the girls are taught housekeeping.
Pcigan Roman Catliolic Boarding School.
This school was inspected on October 18, There were thirteen boys and fourteen
^irls enrolled and of this number one girl was absent at a hospital.
The Rev. Father Riou was then the principal, but he has since undertaken the
duties of a chaplain in the overseas forces. Sister Suporinr St. Marguerite is
assisted by five sisters. The pupils are all under Sister St. Lewis, and were classified
as follows: Grade I, 12; grade 11, 13; grade TV, 2.
216 DEPARTiJEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Blood Anglican Boarding School (St. Paul's).
This school is situated on land owned by the Anglican church and is separated
from the Blood reserve by a river. When an inspection was made on November 15,
there were fifty-eight enrolled and fifty-four present. Fifteen children, out of the
fifty—eight enrolled, were classed in grades III, lY, and V.
Miss A. Campbell, who holds a fii-st class teacher's certificate, was in charge of the
class-room. The Eev. S. Middleton is the principal, and he had the assistance of two
males and four females.
Sarcee Boarding School (Anglican).
The Veu. Archdeacon Tims is the principal of this institution, which is situated
on the Sarcee reserve. There were thirty-four pupils present when the inspection was
made on December 10. A majority of these pupils were admitted within a year and a
half of the date of inspection and are still in grades I and 11. There were four
pupils in grade IV. Miss Tims has charge of the class-room and is qualified with a
second-class certificate. The working staff comprises five persons.
Old Suns Boarding School (Anglican).
This school is situated one toile south of Gleichen, and on the Blackfoot reserve.
It was last inspected on Februaiy 11. There were seventeen boys and twenty-two
girls enrolled and, of this number, three boys were absent. Seven boys and twelve
girls were in standards III and IV. The staff comprises the Rev. M. C. Gaudier,
the principal, and five assistants. Mrs. Wilcocks, the teacher, holds a B.S. degree,
secured in London, England.
Peigan Anglican Boarding School.
This boarding school is situated just west of the Peigan reserve, from where all
of the pupils are drawn. It was last inspected on March 15, and there were then
twenty-one boys and fifteen girls enrolled. Sixteen of the pupils were in grades III
and IV. The Eev. W. R. Haynes is the principal, and Mr. P. J. Owen assistant
principal. There are five others on the staff.
Goodfish Lahe T)av School (Methodist).
This school was last inspected on May 19. There were thirty pupils enrolled, and
seven boys and eight girls present. The most advancM pupils were in grade II.
Mr3 H. H. Howard is the teacher.
A mid-day meal is given to the children, who attend this institution. A new class-
room building, with a kitchen and a refectory included, was in course of erection.
This building has since been completed and occupied. This school is situated on the
Whitefish Lake reserve, in the Saddle Lake agency.
Samson's Day School (Methodist).
This school is situated on the Samson reserve in Hobbema agency. There were
twenty pupils enrolled, and when the school was inspected, September 2, there were six
boys and seven girls present. Six of the pupils were in standards II and III, and
the remaining seven in standard I. Miss Abbie . Aylwin is the teacher. A mid-day
meal is supplied to the children who attend this school.
Red Deer Industrial School (Methodist).
This school is situated on the north bank of the Red Deer river, and about six
miles from the city from which it derived its name. There are 1,120 acres of land in
SUPFRiyTKXDEXT OF IXDI.W FDUCATION 217
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
connection with this institution. Of this area about two hundred and fifty acres were
under crop, and besides, about fifty acres of new land wore broken. Hail did some
damapre to the crops. .However, notwithstandinp: the hail injury, a vrry good return
was secured. Twenty and more cows, besides about eighty head of other cattle, are
usually kept and the revenue derived from the sale of butter and cream, miitirially
helps to meet the expense of maintaining the school. The pupils of advanced years
spend half of each tuition day in the class-room and the remainder of the time at
work on the farm, duties in connection with the stock and at various household work.
Rev. J. F. Woodsworth, the principal, is assisted by a staff of six males and five
females. There \yere fifty boys and thirty-two jrirls enrolled on Aup:ust 25 when the
inspection was made. Of this number, thirty-five boys and twenty-four prirls were
present. Forty-three of the fifty-nine pupils were in grades I and IT, and sixti-i-n
pupils were in grades III, IV, Y, and VI.
Saddle Lake Day School (Methodist).
This school was inspected on September 15. There were nine children euro! led
and five boys and two girls present. All of the pupils were in grade one. Miss
Winifred McKitrick had charge of the class-room. Several years ago a day school was
maintained here and it was closed for want of the support by the Indians. Credit is
'hie. however, to the Indians at this point, for placing a reasonable numbor of their
hildren in the industrial school at Red Deer.
General Remarks.
In my last annual report I stated as follows : " The expense of operating resi-
dential schools has increased considerably of late years. Although the per capita
grant given by the department was increased about four years ago, the religious bodies,
under whose auspices these schools are operated, find the grant to be inadequate to
meet the advanced cost of foodstu'Ss daily in use in these schools. Moreover, contri-
butions towards the support of such institutions are said to have diminished, owing
chiefly to the financial stringency caused by the war in Europe. The numbers on the
staff at some of the schools are too few to efficiently cope with the work. While there
is a noticeable advancement among the pupils in all of the schuuls within this
inspectorate, I entertain the opinion that more might be accomplished in some of
these institutions, if the finances permitted a larger and a more remuneratively paid
staff."
The truth in the foregoing statements made a year ago has been intensified
-inee. The staff at some of the boarding schools are too small to properly carry on the
vork. Moreover, the salaries offered, rarely entice capable persons to ulfer their
.rvices iu this work. Frequent changes on an Indian school staff, particularly of
teachers, has undesirable features. Efficient teachers are in demand throughout the
country, at nearly double the salary the teachers ai-e paid in Indian schools.
REPORT 01 W. SL GRAHAM, INSPECTOR OF INDIAN AGENCIES, ON
THE INDIAN SCHOOLS IN THE SOUTH SASKATCHEWAN
INSPECTORATE.
Qu'Appelle Industrial School.
I visited this school in October, and my inspection covered a period of ten days.
This school is under the principalship of the Rev. J. Hugonnard, who has been
ill charge of the institution since it was first opened thirty-two years ago. He is
assisted in his work by a staff of twenty-two members.
At the time of my visit there were 204 Indian children on the roll, lO.T boya,
divided into two class-rooms, and 101 girls, divided into three class-rooms. I spent
218 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
half a day in each of the class-rooms and was particularly well pleased with all I saw
and heard. The discipline in all the class-rooms was excellent. I was particularly
pleased with the advancement made by the senior boys, under Mr. Towne.
The children at this school are well clad and well fed. The management of this
particular part of the work is left entirely in the hands of the sisters.
I found the school in the best of order with the exception of a portion of the
boys' basement. The dormitories were in splendid order, the beds being clean and
comfortable. Considering that this school has been built nearly ten years, and has
had a large number of children living in it all the time, it is surprising to find it in
the excellent state of preservation in which it is to-day. A person visiting it would
think it had been occupied only about a year. Since my last inspection, new lava-
tories have been built in the girls' quarters, and a new drainage system put in. The
change has made the management of the children much easier, to say nothing of the
improvement from a health standpoint. The instruction given to the boys at this
school is very good and during the last two years particular attention has been paid
to this branch of the work.
During the season of 1915 the Home farm had 497 acres in crop and 11,050
bushels of grain were produced. In addition to this 9,800 bushels of roots were grown.
The school keeps about 100 head of cattle.
The girls are employed in all kinds of housework, as well as sewing. They make
most of the clothing used at this school.
File Hills Boarding School.
This school is situated half a mile from the agency headquarters at File Hills.
This institution is under the principalship of Mr. W. W. Gibson, who is assisted by
a staff of four. At the present time there are sixty-four pupils enrolled, twenty-
seven boys and thirty-seven girls.
During the year, there has been a change of teachers. Miss McKenzie, who did
excellent work, had to retire on account of ill-health. She was succeeded by I^liss F.
Cromie, a highly qualified teacher, who is doing equally well.
The boys at this institution receiv'e an excellent training in all branches of farm
work. The farm is well conducted and it is a satisfaction to go into the stables at
any time and see everything in splendid order, and the stock well looked after. All
the work is done by the boys under the direction of the principal.
The girls receive a splendid training in all branches of housework, under com-
petent teachers. Nearly all the clothing used by the girls is made in this school. In
my frequent visits to this school I have always found everything about the place in
good order. The children are clean and well dressed. The beds are comfortable and
all matters pertaining to the interior management are splendid.
A Rsinihoine Day School.
This day school, which has had such a splendid record in the past, has fallen back
somewhat during the year. The attendance is much sjnaller than it should be, and
there has been a great deal of irregularity on the part of nearly all the pupils. Under
these conditions, it is difficult for the teacher. Miss La'UTence, to keep the work up to
a high standard. However, I think there will be a change and that the attendance will
improve. On my last visit to the school I found the class-room clean and tidy. The
children were clean and well-dressed and appeared to be very healthy.
. Round Lake Boarding School.
This school is situated at Round lake, in the Crooked Lake agency, and is under
the principalship of Rev. Hugh McKay, assisted by a staff of five. The school is
under the auspices of the Presbyterian Chxirch.
!^[-pf:niyTFXDEXT m- jm>i w i.m cmiox 219
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
At the timo of my visit there were forty-one children in attendance and forly-
eight were enrolled. I was pleased with what T saw in the class-room. Tlie children
have made advancement since my last visit. They read well and understand the eon-
text of what they read. They are particularly far advanced in arithmetic and their
writing is splendid. The pupils were clean and well dressed, reflecting credit on I^Iiss
Munro, who is a very capable woman.
This school was very successful with their farming operations last year. Tlie
following is a list of the grain produced: wheat, 1.700 bushels; oats. 000 bushels;
and barley, 800 bushels. There was also a large quantity of garden stuflF produced.
Nearly all the work is done by the boys under the direction of a farming instructor.
The school has a large herd of cattle, some ninety head, but only twenty-five of these
:ire actually kept at the school.
Cowcssess Boarding School.
This school is situated at Round Lake, in the Crooked Lake Agency. It is under
the auspices of the Ivoman Catholic Church, and the principalship of the Rev. Father
Beys, who is assisted by a staff of eight.
The buildings and surroundings were in good condition: I found the dormitories
in splendid order, being clean and airy. The beds were comfortable and everything
in conitection with the interior management was excellent. All the children were
comfortably dressed, and all the clothing worn by the boys and girls is made at the
school by the sisters and the older girls. The children appeared to be quite healthy.
At the time of my visit there were forty-six children in attendance, twenty-three
boys and twenty-three girls. They were divided into five classes. At the time of my
visit the children went through fire drill, and it was really surprising to see how
quickly the building was emptied after the alarm sounded.
This school has a good farm in connection with it, and last year the returns were
as follows: wheat, 2,000 bushels; oats, ]„500; roots, 900 bushels. There is also a
good herd of cattle, numbering seventy-four, in connection with this school. Much
of the work on the farm is done by the older boys under the dirrction of a farm
instructor.
Day Star's Day School.
This little school was visited by me on March l'9. It is carried on under tlie
auspices of the Anglican Church. It is taught by Mr. ^ . IT. R. Scharpe.
At the time of my visit there were nine children enrolled and eight were in attend-
ance. The children were fairly well advanced, but there is room for further improve-
ment. They have been regular in attendance, and appeared to be clean. A mid-day
meal is prepared and given to the children every school day.
The school and teacher's residence are frame structures. There is a small garden
and I hope to see the premises fenced before the end of May.
Gordon's Boarding School.
This school is situated on* George Gordon's reserve in the Touchwood agency and
is under the auspices of the Anglican Church. The principal. Rev. 11. W. Atwattr,
has a stalf of three to assist him.
At the time of my inspection there were forty-six children enrolled and forty-five
were in attendance. The management and discipline, at the school, is splendid and
good work is being done in all branches. The children were well clad, well fed
and healthy.
Thei*e is a nice little farm of thirty-seven acres in connection with this school and
all the work is done by the boys and a yoke of oxen. The building was scrupuloysly
• lean throughout. The financial condition of the school is splendid.
220 ,. DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Muscowekwan's Boarding School.
This school situated near Muscowekw.an's reserve in the Touchwood agency is under
the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church. The principal. Rev. Father Dugas, is
assisted by a staff of seven.
I inspected this school on March 31, and found fifty-one children enrolled, but
nine were temporarily absent from various causes. The children were divided into six
classes and gave a very fair account of themselves and their studies. I found the
children well dressed, clean, and healthy. All the clothing for the boys and girls
is made by the staff and larger girls.
The school building here is modern in every respect, with the exception of a small
stone structure, in which is situated the boys' dormitory, and this dormitory is by no
means poor, as it has running water and is lighted by gas. It is the intention however,
to tear down this old building in the near future and build in its place a more modern
structure. The class-room, sewing-room, sisters' quarters, kitchen, dining-room, etc.,
are bright, cheerful and well ventilated. The rooms are large and the ceilings 'high!
There is ample fire protection.
There is a splendid farm in connection with this school, and the boys receive a
good training in this line.
REPORT OF A. MEGRAW, IN^SPECTOR OF INDIAN AGENCIES ON THE
SCHOOLS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN INSPECTORATE
BRITISH COLUIIBIA.
KAMLOOPS AGENCY.
Kamloops Industrial School (Roman Catholic).
This school was visited on September 26, 1915. Rev. Father Alph. M. Carion
O.M.L, who has been prnicipal for twenty-three years, was found at his post, still hale
and hearty, and his enthusiasm undiminished. No material change has taken place
during the year m the premises and appointments, and, although the buildings are
somewhat old-fashioned they are kept bright and cheery in exterior appearance by
timely applications of fresh paint, while the same spotless cleanliness is observed ii)
dormitories, kitchens and all interior apartments. What is lacking in modernness and
convenience is made up for in the care with which they are kept. The attendance is a
little over 70 and the health of the school during the past year has been good. Classes
were heard, both of the girls and boys, and good work is being done.
Shulus Day School (Anglican).
This school, situated on the Nicola Mameet reserve, in the Nicola valley, is the
only day school m the Kamloops agency, and owing to the number of Indian children
in the valley, and the long distance to any other school, it is badly needed. Rev. A.
Harold Plummer, the priest in charge of the mission, has also the oversight of this
mission day school. Miss Williams, who was teacher at the time of a former visit
left at midsummer, and Mr. Harwood has since been teacher. There are seventeen
pupils on the roll, and the attendance in December averaged 13-4, but in the exceed-
ingly cold weather of January this was considerably reduced. The progress beyi"
made is encouraging, but better support is required from the chief and parents to
secure regular attendance,
LYTTOX AGENCY.
Lytton Industrial School (Anglican).
The attendance at this school, which was visited on October 29, 1915, was very
much increased from that on my former visit in 1914. There were sixty-six boys in
SUPERI\Ti:XDI]\r OF IXDIAN EDUCATION 221
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
attendance, of whom twenty-two had heen brought down from the Nass agency. To
accommodate these, more cots were phiced in some of the dormitories, and a new dormi-
tory, making provision for fourteen cots, was fitted up in the upper story, all the car-
penter work beinp: done by pupils under the direction of the carpenter. Faithful work
appears to be done in the class-rooms, and the health of the school has been good.
All Hallows Girls' Boarding School (Anglican).
This school, at Yale, which is well known over the province, was visited on
October 28.
Miss Miller, of Victoria, a duly certificated teacher, was in charge of the Indian
girls in the class-room, and the instruction imparted is of a high-class. There were
twenty-one girls present on the date of visit, but more were expected. The gradi'.s
ranged from primer up to entrance work. The exercise-books showed great care and
gave evidence of carefxil and capable instruction.
Outside the class-room domestic science had close attention, and many of thd
girls were doing sewing for the soldiers on service.
The entire institution under the direction of Sister Superior Constance is well
managed, and the influence of the school is bound to have a beneficial effect in the
Indian homes from which the pupils have come.
Lytton Day School (Anglican).
This school was visited on October 29. There were present, on that day, nine
pupils, most of whom were small and in 'the lower grades. The number on roll was
eleven. Miss Hobden, the teacher, is faithful and painstaking in the discharge of her
duties. The school is doing efficient work as a feeder for the Lytton industrial school
for boys and for All Hallows girls' boarding school at Yale. It enables the Indians
to have the younger pupils at home until they are large enough to attend elsewhere.
Boothroyd Day School. "^
This is a new school opened in this agency during the year, and it is but rarely that
the department has such immediate substantial return for outlay in Indian education
as has been obtained in this instance. The school was only opened on May 3, 1915,
with children who had no previous education, and none of whom could speak English.
Tliere are now thirty pupils on the roll, with an average attendance of twenty-four.
Tiss Lily Blacliford is the teacher, and, besides heing a well trained teacher, she
lieaks the Thompson Indian language, which has proved of great advantage to her
in her work. The parents take a keen interest in the school and see that the
attendance is kept up. Already some of the larger pupils have advanced to the
- nnding of the third reader. This school, which serves several reserves that are remote
ud inaccessible, was badly needed, and has already justified its establishment. Miss
''lachford had formerly done excellent work when she taught the Lytton Indian day
hool, but at Boothroyd she has made a wonderful record and eclipsed all her former
•liievements.
WILLIAMS L.\K1C KC.KSCY.
Williams- Lai: e Industrial School (Eoman Catholic).
At the above school, which wds visited on September 13, there wore present thirty-
two boys and thirty-two girls. The school has had a succe.ssful year and the health
'i the pupils has been fair, although there had been much sickness throughout the
lu^ency and many deaths among the children. This circumstance led to special care
at the school and consequent preservation of a normal bill of health.
222 DEPARTMEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
There was no change in the staff since my former visit. Times looked prosperous
on the school farm, and with the alternation of study and manual training every two
hours, the interest of the pupils is kept up. A good feeling seems to exist between
pupils and teachers, and the reputation of the school stands high throtighout the
district, where preference is given to ex-pupils in the matter of obtaining employment,
from leading ranchers, owing to their greater capability. Father Maillard, the prin-
cipal, encourages his pupils to thrift, and counsels them to save their earnings.
STUART LAKE AGENCY.
A breakdown in the auto prevented me reaching Fort St. James to visit the
Indian school, but reports received from Indian agent W. J. McAllan as to progress
made is very favourable. Mr. A. K. J. Okon Okoniy is the teacher, and in addition
to the class of the day school, the girls are being taught sewing and housework by
Mrs. Okoniy, who, as field -matron, will be in a position to give valuable assistance by
helping the Indians to observe hygiene in their homes.
KOOTEXAY AGEXCY.
Kootenay Industrial School (Roman Catholic).
This school was visited once during the past year — October 9. The attendance
at the time of visit was seventy, but several more pupils were expected daily. An
outbreak of measles on the reserve had affected the attendance for the quarter. The
authorized number of pupils is eighty, although they have usually carried more than
that number.
The excellent work which has characterized the institution and its management
in the past, is not only being maintained, but excelled, as the facilities are improved.
In the previous year I made reference to certain drainage improvements and the
installation to secure adequate supply of pure water from St. Mary river. This was
completed and is giving excellent satisfaction. The important improvement of the
past year was the erection of a barn 110 by 38 feet with concrete foundations through-
out, and an implement extension 20 by 28 feet with root cellar underneath. The
arrangements for housing stock are ideal, making it an installation worthy of a model
stock-farm; and there was also erected a smaller detached building for pigs, which
is thoroughly modern and up to date.
The dairying equipment of the school is excellent. A significant feature, in con-
nection with this, was the high mark for dairying taken by an Indian of this agency
in the Indian farm competition for the Southeastern inspectorate. Although it was
not the highest mark taken, the maximum of efficiency for the minimum of cost was
obtained.
The only change in the staff during .the year was the resignation of Mr. J. M.
Smith, as farm, instructor, and he was succeeded by Mr. George Bruce, who appears
to be very successful in inspiring in his pupils an interest in their farm work.
OKAXAGAN AGENCY.
During the year in this agency the principal work of Indian education has been
that imparted in the public schools of the province, to Indian children- who have
attended from reserves in the vicinity of the schools. There was, however, one excep-
tion to this in the lower Okanagan, where the Indians of the Inkameep reserve, near
Osoyoos, asked for a school and chose their own teacher, John Norwood, who,
although not a qualified teacher, appears to have been very successful in teaching the
children reading and writing and the simple rules of arithmetic, and maintained a
fair attendance. I have not had an opportunity to visit the school, but have been
SUPKRiyTKXDEXT 01' IXIHAX !:i)((\[Tln\ 223
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
assured by the Indian aprent that remarkahk^ prop:ross had been made by the Indian
children under his teaehinp;.
There is. however, grood reason to hope that the Indians of Pentioton may decide
this year in favour of a school. Their new .spiritual adviser. Father John, is broaking
down their prejudice against education, and he is hopeful that they will aprrc^e to
support a school if one is established. Enderby and the Head of the Lake are under
the domination of the reactionary elements in rotrard to their attitude towards educa-
tion. Bnt better counsels will yet provail.
KEPORT OF W. E. DITCTTPT'KX, IXSPECTOR OF INDIAN AGENCIES,
ON THE INDIAN SCHOOLS IN THE SOUTHWESTERN
LN^SPECTORATE, BRITISH COLUMBIA.
During the past year all the residential schools in the Southwestern Inspectorate
have been filled to their capacity, and, in two instances, the grant has been increased
to allow of them taking in more pupils. At. St. Mary's mission boarding school, at
Mission City, the grant was increased from sixty to scA-enty-five and at the Coqual-
eetza industrial institute, at Chilliwack, the number was increased from 100 to 110.
At many of the day schools the attendance of the pupils has also been very good,
these instances being at such reserves where the Indians spend a great deal of their
time at home. The progress made by the pupils, on the whole, has been all that could
be desired, and their health generally was exceptionally good.
COWICHAN AGENCY.
Kuper Island IndustHal School (Boman Catholic).
At this school, the principal of which is Rev. W. Lemraens, the pupils have been
making good progress during the past year. Rev. A. Murphy attends to the education
of the boys, and Sister Mary Lowis that of the girls. The boys receive instruction
in carpentry, general handiwork, shoemaking and farming, while the girls are taught
general housework, cooking, plain and fancy sewing. The pupils enjoyed splendid
health during the whole of the year, notwithstanding the fact that the weather, during
the months of January and February, was very severe. The school receives a grant
for sixty pupils and this number has been kept up continuously.
Before the present month is closed, the pupils will be transferred to the new
school, when it is expected that the grant will be increased to at least seventy-five,
though the school building has a capacity for 100 pupils. The furniture is being
placed in the new school at the time of writing. First-class equipment has been pro^
cured for both the class-rooms and manual training rooms.
The water-supply for the new school is now beyond any question of doubt. When
exploring for water, it was estimated that 5,000 gallons per day would be the maxi-
mum flow from the small springs to be tapped. On excavating for the reservoir, how-
ever, a large spring was struck which gave a daily flow of 100,000 gallons of clear
spring water.
The farm in connection with this school contains seventy acres, from which arc
obtained sufficient vegetables for use at the school, as well as a good supply of feed
for the live stock, which consists of three horses, thirteen head of cattle, twenty-seven
pigs and 200 chickens.
Nanaimo Day School (Methodist).
The Nanaimo day school, which is situated on the Nanaimo City reserve, was.
during the first half of the year, under the supervision of Rev. W. J. Knott, but since
224 DEPARTMEyT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
the opening, after the sumnaer holidays, Miss A. Bool, who holds a second-class Brit-
ish Columbia temporary certificate, has had the tuition of the children.
When the Indians are at home on the reserve this school has a very good attend-
' ance of pupils, and they make fine progress in their studies. Their health during the
year has been first-class. The school-house is in a good state of repair, and the sani-
tary conditions are excellent.
Quamichan Day School (Roman Catholic.)
Miss Maud Frumenti, the teacher of this school, has been having a good attend-
ance of children, alid they appear to be making fair progress in their studies. There
has also been noted a marked improvement in general appearance during the year.
The schoolhouse is old and is not as centrally located as could be desired to draw
children from the reserves. This school will prove an excellent feeder for the Kuper
island industrial school in the future.
Kohsilah Day School (Methodist).
The new Koksilah day school is now located on a piece of ground adjacent to the
Koksilah, Someuos and Quamichan reserves. The school was built by the depart-
ment at a cost of $1,500. The class-room is 18 by 26 feet and is well ventilated.
There is also a cement basement, the full size of the building. During the early part
of the year, the attendance had been very small, owing to so many of the children
being away with their parents. Since October, however, the attendance has been
much better, an'd pupils are making fair progress under Mr. C. A. Dockstader's
teaching.'
West Saanich Day School (Roman Catholic).
Owing to the fact that a number of the Indians of the West Saanich reserve have
been away during a great part of the year, this school was closed for lack of attendance
for several months. Miss Alice Hagan is the teacher, and has fair success with her
pupils when they attend regtdarly.
Songhees Day School (Roman Catholic).
Miss Kose Quigley, the teacher at this school, has been having classes regularly
during the year, and the pupils made good progress. The attendance has not been
large, but there are now not many children of school age on the Songhees reserve. The
grounds at this new school have been fenced during the year, and it is intended to fiir-
ther enhance their appearance by the addition of some fruit and ornamental trees.
KWAAVKEWLTH AGENCY.
Alert Bay Industrial School (Anglican).
During the year marked success has been had with the pupils of this school. The
principal, the Eev. A. W. Corker, has been on furlough in England, and Eev. F. Comley
has been acting-principal, with Mrs. Comley acting-matron. Mr. C. M. Parrott has had
charge of the class-room and under his tutorship the pupils have been getting along
splendidly. Three of the pupils were so far advanced that they sat for the high school
examinations in the month of Jmie last, unfortunately, however, they all fell a few
marks short of the number required.
Besides their regular studies in the class-room, the boys receive first-class instruc-
tion in carpentry and general handiwork, from the manual training instructor, Mr. Eli
Hunt. There are thirty-five pupils on the roil, and all have enjoyed excellent health
throughout the year.
si i'FRi\Ti:yi>t:\T itf isnt.w i:i)i catiox 225
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
The building- is now about fvveiity-four years old and has l)Ofrun to sliow iwod of
repair and modeniizin^. There is now a first-olass water-supply at botli this srhcnd and
the Girls' Home, the well that was sunk durinp^ the previous year having proved a suc-
cess. The sewerage system is good, all sewage being drained to the salt water natural
gravity.
Considerable new ground was broken during the year, whicli. when put in crop,
should help considerably in the i)roduction of vegetables for use at the school. The
live stock consists of one cow. one horse, sixteen pigs and twenty-four chickens.
Alert Bail Girls' Home (AnglicanK
Miss A. R. Neville is matron at this school, which is also under tlie supervision of
the principal of the Boys' industrial school. In the class-room Miss M. K. Ni.Xdu lia>
been having splendid success with the thirty girls who are enrolled as pupils. These
girls are also taught general housework, sewing, cooking and gardening. Miss E.
Edwards is now assistant-matron having succeeded Miss Roper early in the year.
No sickness of any account occurred amongst the pupi-ls. There is a first-class
' werage system at this school; likewise, an adequate supply of pure water.
The amount of ground for garden purposes is only one-and-a-half acres, but, from
this small plot, Miss Neville has had marked success with vegetable and small fruit.
The live stock amounts to two cows two pig's, one hundred chickens, and twi'iity-one
ducks.
Alert Bay Day School (Anglican).
At this school, Miss E. W. Ferryman, the teacher, gi-nerally has a very fair
attendance of pupils, and, during certain seasons of the year, when a large nuntber
of Indians from other reserves are gathered at Alert Bay. the attendance is exce])tii>ii-
ally good. All the children are young, the older ones from time to time being graded
into the Girls' Home. I noticed considerable improvement in the progress made by
the children on my last visit in November, from my earlier one in June. All the
children had been enjoying good health. The cla.ss-room is large and well ventilated.
Cape Mudge Day School (Methodist).
Rev.- J. E. Rendle, the missionary at Cape Mudge, holds regniar school sessions in
the school-house on the Cape Mudge reserve, and when all the childrt-n are at home
they attend regnlarly, and make fair progress. The sanitary conditions at this school
and on the reserve are excellent, and, consequently, the children have enjoyed good
. alth. Mr. Rendle takes a keen interest in his work amongst the Indians.
NEW WESTMIN.STER AGKXCY.
Coqualeetza Industrial Institute (Meth-odUt).
A very successful year has been had at this institute, which is at Chilliwack.
Rev. G. h! Raley is the principal. The grant for this school during the year has been
increased from 100 to 110. The progress made during the year ha.-< been very satis-
factory. One pupil passed the entrance to the high school, another took first year high
school work, successfully passing his examinations. Regular examinations have been
lu^ld and proniutions made from junior to senior grades.
There has been remarkable freedom from disease or any kind of sickness among
;iie pupils during the year, no epidemics of any kind having taken plae.-. li.-^ides
regular studies in the class-room, the boys are given instruction in carpentry, horti-
culture and agriculture, and the girls in sewing, laundry work, cooking and all
branches of domestic science.
27— ii— 15
226 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
The building's are kept iu a sanitary condition, but, as they are now somewhat
old show the need of some repair. The system of ventilation and heating is pro-
vided by the Smead-Dowd system.
There is a fine farm and garden in connection with the school, from whidi an
ample supply of vegetables and fruit are procured.
The water supplied at the school is from the mains of the Ohilliwack water system.
This school draws pupils from six agencies in British 'Columbia, from which there
are repeated requests for accommodation of pupils. _ /
St. Mary's Mission (Roman Oatholic).
The St. Mary's Mission Indian boarding school, situated on the outskirts of
Mission City, is now in charge of Rev. Father Tavernier, as acting-principal. Rev.
Father Rohr, who had so successfully conducted this school during the past five years,
has lately tendered his resignation. During his term of office, the establishment
underwent great development, owing to his spirit of enterprise and interest in the
work.
The grant for this school has 'been increased during the past year from sixty to
seventy-five. There are now on the roll thirty-seven boys and forty-one girls, making
a total of seventy-eight. The number of pupils discharged during the year was
seventeen, and the number taken in was eighteen. Very noticeable progress has been
made in every branch by the pupils, but more particularly in reading and writing.
The health of the pupils has been excellent, owing to wholesome food, perfect
cleanliness, and good ventilation throughout the whole establishment. No deaths
occurred among the pupils during the year.
In industrial work the hoys are taught farming, gardening, and general handiwork;
the girls receive instruction in needlework of various kinds, -washing and ironing, plain
and fancy cooking, and, in general, such work as is necessary to make a good house-
keeper.
In connection with the school there is a large farm, which produces root and grain
crops, and, in the orchard, fruits of all kinds, in abundance. The building, which is
heated by steam, has a first-class water supply and good sewerage.
Squamish Boarding School (Roman Catholic).
Sister Mary Ann is sister superior at this school, which is situated at North
Vancouver, close to the Mission reserve. There are fifty pupils on the roll, for which
number they receive a grant.
The buildings are kept in a first-class state of repair, and are always to be found
in a scrupulously clean condition. They are well ventilated and heated with hot air.
they are connected with the North Vancouver sewerage system and the water from the
city mains is supplied to the school.
The progres made by the children in the class-rooms was very good. Very little i
sickness appeared amongst them, there being no epidemics except seasonable colds.'
There are five acres of land for garden purposes, and from this a good crop of
vegetables and fruits were procured. The boys receive instruction in gardening and.
general handiwork and the girls in plain and fancy sewing, cooking and general
housework.
Eight of the pupils received their honourable discharge at the beginning of Sep-
tember and eight new ones entered the school to take their places.
SecheU Boarding School (Roman Catholic).
The school at Sechelt is in charge of Sister Theresine, as principal, who, with
her excellent stafE, has been doing good work with the pupils during the past year.
The school receives a grant for fifty pupils, and the roll is generally kept up to this
munber.
SUPERIMEXDtJ.W or IMHAS EIH (ATIOS 227
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
Tho boys are tauplit gardenin;; fruit-growing. slu>««in!ikiiig ami cariH'iitnk-. ami
the girls are taught all branches of housekeeping and plain and fancy sewing. ^lost
of the girls cut and make their own garments and those of the other pupils. There
is now an oxcellont water supply for this s<-h(i(.l, the old wckmIimi tliiino having' Uh-ii
supplanted by a wood-pipe main from a spring three miles distant. The schot>l is
always kept in a clean condition and the sanitary arrangements are very good.
Sktvah Day School.
Mr. W. II. Grimshaw, the teacher at this school, has been having a splendid
attendance of children, all of whom have been doing exceptionally well with their
studies. They have also enjoyed excellent health. The sanitary conditions at tliiv
school are splendid, the class-room being large and airy with good ventilation.
Ilomalco Day School.
Mr. J. J. ^loroney is the teacher at this school, which is situated on the Aupo
reserve, Butte inlet. .Mrs. ^Moroney i^ tield matron and makes visit^s to the lii'lian.-'
homes daily, and imparts knowledge to the women in the matter of keeping their
houses in a clean and sanitary condition. The puiiils of the school have been doing
well throughout the year and no serious sickness has appeared amongst them.
Sliammon Day School.
This school is situated on the Slianunon reserve, and Mr. r>a>il Ni( Iii.1?m,ii.
the teacher, has had fair success with the pupils. Mr. and Mrs. Nicholson live in the
second story of the school building, and are in touch with the Indian homes at all
times. The building is well ventilated and alwaj's kept in a clean condition.
Kaizie Day School.
Mr. J. J. Murphy, who was the first teacher at this school, wliich is situated on
the Katzie reserve, resitrned sumo time atro to fio to the front. Il<' Iuk lifii
succeeded by !Mr. F. Wilson. The pupils are making good progress in all branches of
study, and the work of the teacher is recognized by the Indian parents, who take con-
siderable interest in the education of their children, and appear to be very anxious
for them to advance in their studies.
WEST COAST AGKXCY.
Alherni Boarding School (Preshyterian).
The Alberni boarding school is situated close to the Sechart- resene at
Alberni. The principal is H. B. Currie, with Mrs. Currie as matron. Miss Lucia
Becker has charge of the children in the class-room. The progress made by the pupils
of this school has been very fair, and some have done very well indeed.
The health, on the whole, has been very good, there having been no epidemics
among the children. One girl had appendicitis and one had pneumonia: otherwise
any sickness amongst the pupils was only of a mild nature. There were no deaths
reported during the year.
The buildings are in a good state of repair, considerable now work having been
done in the previous year. There are fourteen acres of land, for farm and other
purposes, in connection with the school, on which were grown considerable fodder
for the cattle, as well as root crops and small fruits for the school. Besides work in
the class-room, the boys are taught baking, gardening, farm work, and care of stock,
while the girls learn plain and fancy sewing, cooking, washing and general housework.
Seven acres of new ground were chopped, burned and logged during the year. Thifl
will be cleared oflF during the coming year in order that it may be put into crop.
27— ii— 15;\
228 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
Ahousahi Boarding School (Freshi/terian).
Mr. J. T. Ross is principal of this school, -Rath Mrs. Ross as matron and Miss
O. Arbuthnot teacher. The school has a grant for thirty-five pupils, and the roll is
generally- kept up to this number. The buildings are in first-class condition.
The progress made by the children during the year has been very good. This
is very noticeable in the junior gTades. There has been no sickness of any moment
among the pupils during the year, but there was one death. Two pupils received their
discharge and one new one was taken in.
Although there are about seventeen acres of land in connection with the school
there is only about one acre fit for cultivation, consquently practically all the vege-
tables for the use of the school must be purchased. In industrial work, the boys are
given instruction in first-class carpentry, painting, repairing and general handiwork,
and the girls are taught all the branches of housekeeping.
Clayoquot Industrial School (Roman Catholic).
Rev. Father Epper is the principal of this school, which is situated a mile distant
from the main Clayoquot Indian village. Sister Mary Clare is matron, with Sister
Mary Patricia as teacher. Sister Mary Clotilda, seamstress, and Mr. Joseph Miilly,
maniial training instructor.
The progress made by the pupils was very satisfactory. At this school some excel-
lent work may be seen in map and other drawing, and painting with water colours.
The writing of a number of pupils is also of a verj- high grade.
The health of the pupils has been very satisfactory, and not one serious ease of
cold was reported during the winter. There was, however, one death amongst the
pupils, one of them having died while undergoing an operation in the hospital at
Alberni.
In industrial work, the boys are taught carpentry and shoemaking and the girls
are given instruction in dressmaking, plain and fancy sewing, and general housework.
The building is in a very good state of repair and is heated by hot water. There is an
ample supply of pure water on the premises, coming from a mountain stream.
There are about seven acres of land now cleared for garden purposes, from which
were grown five tons of potatoes and other vegetables. Considerable work was done
in the way of painting fences, the building of a storehouse, and clearing ground during
the last year.
Claiioquot Day School (Roman Catholic).
This school is situated on the Opitsat reserve, which is the main village of the
Clayoquot Indians. Rev. Joseph Schindler, O.S.B., is the teacher, assisted by his
sister. Miss Victoria Schindler. Rev. Joseph Schindler gives instruction to the chil-
dren in religion, aritlimetic and geography, while the sister has charge of the read-
ing, spelling, penmanship, drawing and singing classes, in which the children take
quite an interest. Practically all the children on this reserve are on the roll at the
school, and a very fair attendance is kept up. The children have been making very
good progress with their studies. The class-room is light and airy and well ventilated.
Ucluelet Day School (Preshyterian).
This school is situated on the Ittatsoo reserve. The teacher is Hugh W. Vander
Veen, who has a university training. There are eighteen pupils on the roll, this being
the full number of children on the reserve who should attend. During the past year
there has been a very fair average attendance. The size of the class-room is 18 by 26
feet, and the sanitary conditions are very good.
srPERiyTEyitKyr of ixniAy EincATioy 229
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
'Phe progress made by the ohildren may bo considorod fair, taking into considera-
tion the difficulties a day school has to meet, owinp to the fact that Indians leave their
reserves so frequently. Very little sickness of any moment is rejiorted amongst the
children during the year.
KEPORT OF A. M. TYSOX, TXSrErTOR OF INDIAN AGENCIES. ON THE
SCHOOLS IN THE NORTHERN INSPECTORATE. BRITISH
COLU^UBTA.
BELL.\ COOLA AGENCY.
Bella Cooh Day School (Mcihodis^t).
Miss Gibson, the teac-licr in charge of this scJiudl. n-jKirts the attendanre tairly
good, and the children making satisfactory progress in the work, although the studies
are somewhat interrupted during the year, owing to the fact that the Indians and
their families move to the canneries for the fishing. The school building is in good
CJ>ndition, and well equipptxl v.'ith the nivessarv furnishings. There are al><» aniplr
playgrounds about the school, properly fenced and in good condition.
• Bella Bella Day School (Methodist).
Miss Tranter is in charge of this school, and, under her guidance, the children
are making good progress. Since the roof has been repaired and the building repainted
the building is now in first-class condition. Sanitation and ventilation are carefidly
looked after, and the school is equipped with the necessary furnishings.
Chitia Hat Day School (Methodist).
Mr. Reid is in charge of the school and reports the attendance good, and the
children making satisfactory progress. This school has also been repainted both inside
and out, which has greatly improved the general appearance. Sanitation and ventila-
tion are good and the building equipped with the necessary furnishings.
Kitimat Girls' Boarding School (Methodist ).
This is an exceptionally fine building, and kept in excellent repair. Sanitary con-
ditions and water supply are good, and the building well furnished throughout. There
is also a splendid playground and a recreation room for use in wet weather. Tlu- Ik^iUJi
of the pupils is reported good, and all impressed me as being ])articularly bright, and
clean and tidy in appearance. Miss Ida Clark is in charge of the school and rejiorts
a steady progress in the work, and that the girls are taking a keen intercut in th<ir
various studies.
Hartley Bay Day School (Methodi.it).
Mr. Mathews is in charge of the school and reports the children making good
progress. The building is in fine condition and well equipped with the necessary- fur-
nishings.
KitJcatla Day School (Anglican). *■
This school was re-opened in September, in chargo of Mr. George Oliver, who
reports the attendance satisfactory, and the children making good progress. Sanitation
and ventilation are also good, and the building is kept in excellent repair.
230 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
STIKINE AGENCY.
Tahltan Day School (Anglican).
This school is in charge of the Eev. Mr. Thorman, who reports that during the
past winter the attendance has been much lower than formerly, owing to the fact
that the Indians and their families had moved to the hunting grounds. As a result
of this, conditions at this school have not been very satisfactory.
Telegraph Creek Day School (Undenominational) .
Mr. William Pake is the teacher in charge and reports that the children are
making good progress, though the attendance is small. Constable Cullen has received
instructions to see that the children of Drytown attend the school regularly, and we
are looking for a better attendance in the future.
NASS AGENCY.
Port Essington Day School (Methodist).
This school was visited September 25, 1915. Miss Noble, the teacher, reports the
attendance fair, and the children making satisfactory progress. The building is oi
a good substantial character and in good repair. It is also well equipped with the
necessary furnishings, and ventilation and sanitation are well looked after. <««
- Metlakatl<i Day School (Anglican).
The school was visited on September 27. The building is in good condition, both
inside and out. With the installation of new toilets, sanitary conditions have been
much improved. !Miss Klippart is in charge of the school and is a great favourite
with both children and parents. The attendance is reported to be good, the children
progressing favourably.
Port Simpson Day School (Methodist).
This school was visited on September 28. Mr. E. S. Grant is in charge of the
senior division, and Miss Elsie Potter in charge of the jimior. The building is well
equipped with the necessary furnishings and in good repair. Sanitary conditions are
also good.
Port Simpson Girls' Boarding School (Methodist) .
This school is in charge of Miss G. E. Armstrong, under whom the pupils are mak-
ing favourable progress in the different lines of work taken up. The building is kept
in excellent condition, sanitation and ventilation being especially looked after. There
are splendid recreation grounds in connection with this school, and efficient fire-escapes
have been built, so that the building is now thoroughly modern and up-to-date in every
respect. The pupils appeared healthy, and are clean and tidy in appearance.
Kincolith Day School (Anglican).
Miss CoUison is in charge of this school, and reports the children making favour-
able progress, although the attendance is not very large. This is an especially fine
building and kept in good repair.
Lakalzap Day School (Anglican).
Miss Sturgiss is doing excellent work at this school, and the childi'en making sat-
isfactory progress. The chief councillor and council expressed their appreciation of
the good work being done here by Miss Sturgiss. The building is a good one and in
excellent condition both outside and in.
s( rEh'i\Tr.\in:\i m i\i>i\\ rin ( aho\ 231
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
GiL'inoha Day School (Anglican).
;^^iss Helen Freeman has recently been appointed to this srhool, and the chiKin-n
are reported to be making good progress. A temporary building has been secured for
school purposes.
Gitlakdamil-s Dai/ School (Aiu/UrdnK
Miss Olive C. Bowen, who has recently been appointed, reports the eliildren mak-
ing favourable progress and the attendance good. A temporary building has been
secured.
Ait/ansh Day School {Anglica7i).
Miss Vera A. Chastenay has recently been appointed to this school, and the
children are reported to be making good progress. A temporary building has l^een
secured for school purposes.
BADINE .\GENCY.
Hazelfon Day School (Anglican).
Miss Soal is the teacher in charge. Sanitary conditions are good, also ventila-
tion. The attendance is regular and the children are making satisfactory progress.
The building is in excellent condition and well equipped with the necessary furnish-
ings.
Hagwilgei Day School (Roman Catholic).
Mr. Browning is in charge of this school and is doing good work. The attendance
is reported good and the children making satisfactory progress. The building is in
excellent repair, and sanitation and ventilation are also good.
Kispiox Day School (Methodist).
Miss Martin, the teacher, reports the children making good progress and the
attendance satisfactory. The building is a good substantial one and kept in careful
repair. Ventilation and sanitation are also well looked after. This school is sur-
rounded by ample grounds.
Glen Vowel Day School (Salvation Army).
Miss Jackson, the teacher, reports the attendance good and the children making
satisfactory progress. The children at this school are particularly good singers and
Miss Jackson has taken great pains in training them. Sanitation and ventilation are
well looked after.
Ai^dimaul Day School (Salvation Army).
This school is in charge of Miss Vernon I>-ake. The nttcnaaM.-c is n-iM.rt.-d »f.«.(l.
and the children are taking a keen interest in the work.
Meanstiiiisht Day School (Anglican).
Miss S. Z. Richardson is in charge of the school and reports the <-hiUlren making
favourable progress. The building is a good one. and well equipped with the necc«-
.-ary furnishings.
Kiiwangar Day School (Anglican).
Miss Kemp is in charge of this school and reports the attendance goud and tl..-
children making favourable progress. The building is well equipped with the neces-
sary furnishings.
232 DEPARTMEM OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS
7 GEORGE V. A. 1917
NeiO Kitseguecla Day School ( Methodist).
Miss Edgar is in charge of this school and reports the attendance fair and the
children making good progress.
Kisgegas Day School ( Methodist >.
This school is in charge'of Jonathan Mercer, a native, who reports the attendance
good and the children making, satisfactory progress.
Fort Bahine Day School (Roman Catholic).
Mr. J. F. Morrissey is in charge of this school and reports the attendance good.
The children are making satisfactory progress.
Kitselas Day School (Methodist).
Mr. Frank Van Gorder is in charge of this school and reports the attendance
good and the children making satisfactory progress.
QUEEX CHARLOTTE AGENCY.
Massett Day School (Anglican).
Mr. and Mrs. Traynor are in charge of the school, which is in two divisions, Mrs.
Traynor teaching the junior pupils. The average attendance is reported good,
although during the severe stormy weather exi>erienced this winter, it fell off to some
extent. The children are making good progress, and impressed me as being particu-
larly bright, clean and tidy in appearance. The school has been repaired and
repainted since my last visit and is now in good condition, both outside and in.
Sanitation and ventilation are also good.
Slidegate Day School (Methodist).
Mr. Young, the teacher, reports the average attendance fairly good, although at
the time of my visit, owing to the extreme weather experienced, there were but
eighteen children present. The school has been put in first-class condition during the
past year. A new floor has been laid and the building repaired and repainted, so that
it now presents a very creditable appearance. Sanitation and ventilation are also
good.
General Remarks.
The children attending the schools of the Northern inspectorate seem a bright
and intelligent class, and are clean and tidy and healthy. For the most part they take
a keen interest in the work and are making good progress.
The buildings at the different villages are being kept in excellent repair,- and are
good substantial structures, a credit to the department. In the various boarding
schools, the fire- fighting appliances are being kept in their proper place, for use in
case of necessity.
The new . teachers appointed for the Xass River, to the Indian villaaes oi
Aiyansh, Gitlakdamiks and Gwi^noha, have had the"schools opened and we are liinklnu
forward to good results.
The teachers in the Xorthern inspectorate take a great interest in tlie welfar.'
and education of the children, and a marked improvement is steadily growing in
conditions, which would be, however, far greater were it not for the fact that the
Indians are continually moving from one place to another, especially during the fish-
f!n'i:RiyTF:xnEyT or /.v/>/.i.v education 233
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
iug season, when they move down to the different canneries. This difficuhy was to
some extent solved by Miss Sturgiss last year, when, owing to the kindness of Mr.
Chambers, manager of the Nass Harbour cannery, in providing a temporary build-
ing, she was enabled to carry on school with the younger children through the tishing
season. If some sucli arrangements would be made at the other canneries, or, better
still, if in some way arrangements covdd be made for the younger children to remain
at home, the school work woiild i>rogress more favourably.
REPORT OF W. M. GRAHAM, INSPECTOR OP INDIAN ACiEXCIES. OS
THE EX-PUPIL COLONY AT FILE HILLS. SASKATCHEWAN.
This colony is made up of graduates of the different Indian schools throughout
this inspectorate. At the present time the population numbers 1G3, comprising thirty-
nine men, twenty-eight women, fifty-six boys and forty girls.
There are rhirty-six lii(lian> engaged in farmiiiii on this i'ol..ny. ( Jrain-grow ing
is the principal occupation, but many of them are gradually acquiring stock and going
into mixed farming.
The spring of 1915 was the most promising in the history of the colony. The
Indiana had a very large acreage in crop, there being 1,078 acres of wheat, 1,833 acres
of oats and 105 acres of barley — a total of 3,010 acres. A large proportion of this
land in crop was summer-fallow and breaking, and had been extra well prepared, as
an effort was being made to raise a record crop. During the months of May and
June and the first three weeks of July this large crop looked very promising indeed.
On July 22, when it was nearly all headed out, a terrific liail and wind storm
struck the Balcarres district, and completely wiped out hundreds of farmers, and the
colony did not fare any better than did the outsiders. The very large crop, which
gave every promise of a record yield, was, with the exception of two or three farms
on the northern end, completely destroyed. The loss was a terrible one, as it meant
everything to these people, who depended entirely upon farming as a means of making
a living, and spent all their time the previous season preparing for this crop. For-
tunately nearly all these people had hens and pigs, which provided food, and also goo«l
horses and working outfits, with which they could turn in and earn money selling
wood, etc., to get ready cash to buy clothing and groceries for the present winter.
Within one week after the storm over thirty outfits were at work ploughing up
the hailed fields and putting them under summer-fallow. "While doing this they had
to stop every now and again to earn money in other ways to keep them going. How-
ever, I am glad to say that by the end of the season they had summer-fallowed (two
ploughings) 1.527 acres and broken 313 acres, and this land was thorougldy harrowed
and made ready for crop.
As years pass, I can notice a decided improvement in the manner in which these
people live. As a rule their houses are clean and better furnished, and they tlirm-
selves take more interest in their own persons.
Their stock is well cared for and they take a great interest in acquiring better
horses. Most of them own from four to ten head of splendid work-horses. This year
they had good gardens up to the time of the hail storm.
They clothe their children well, and take an interest in education, all being
anxious to send their children to school. Their pastimes and amusements are u.sually
the same as those of the white people and they are interested in what goes on outside.
There has not been an infringement of the Indian Act during the past year.
This is not unusual in this colony.
234 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFF±:i!.^
7 GEORGE V, A. 1917
We have a cottage hospital situated about the centre of this settlement, and the
trained nurse in charge looks after all cases of illness. Most of the confinement cases
are brought to this hospital.
In religion, the colony is about equally divided, half being Protestants and half
Eoman Catholics.
The Indians of this colony owe practically nothing and, had the crop of this year
been successfully harvested, they would have been in excellent condition financially. A^
it is, they have a splendid line of farm implements, including two threshing outfits.
This report would not be complete without some mention of what these people
have done to assist in the great war. No less than fourteen men out of this colony
have enlisted for overseas service. Three of these are now in Europe and ele\en a^'-
with different regiments in this province. In addition to the fourteen who enlisted,
three others tried to go, but were rejected as medically unfit.
In addition to this large enlistment, these people have done wonderfully well with
Eed Cross and Patriotic work. There is a flourishing Red Cross branch, which ha^
sent in the following articles since organization: socks, 64 pairs; night shirts, 9:
surgical shirts, 29; pyjamas, 22; mitts, 4; wristlets, 3; scarfs, 3; bandages, 240;
cholera belts, 3; and cheese-cloth handkerchiefs, 312. In addition to this, they have
raised the following amounts in cash: Eed Cross, $1,230; Patriotic Fund, $900;
Belgian Eelief, $284; making a total of $2,414. ^Vhen one takes into consideration tliB
heavy loss these people suffered last year I think it must be admitted that they have
done well, and I doubt if any white community has given as freely in men and money
as have these young Indians.
Xearly all the people in this colony take a daily paper and are keenly interestefl
in what is going on in the world at large, particularly with regard to the war.
EEPORT OF EEV. R. H. CAIRNS, INSPECTOR OF INDIAN S/CHOOLS, ON
THE SCHOOLS IN BRITISH OOLUlkCBIA.
During the year there were in operation some sixty-five schools, with 165 teachers
and instructors. The total enrolment was approximately 2,500 pupils.^ Four day
schools were reopened on the Nass river, and one new school was opened in the Lytton
agency. The schools were classified as follows: industrial schools, 8; boarding schools,
9 ; and day schools, 48-.
BUILDINGS.
■ The school buildings on the whole are well adapted for the purpose for which they
were erected. They are also kept in good repair.
The industrial school on Kuper island has been in operation for twenty-five years.
The original buildings were frame. They had become old and too small to accommo-
date the applicants of to-day. A splendid new building of brick veneer, modern in
all its equipment, has just been completed. This building has«#ull manual-traiuin::
ec]uipment. This is one of the best school buildings in the province.
The Kootenay industrial school is another excellent building. The lower part is
concrete and the upper part is constructed of concrete blocks. Everything is the Tery
best of its kind. The school has its own electric light plant.
In the day schools there is more variety. Port Simpson and Massett have two-
roomed buildings equipped with modern desks. Some of the day schools are neat,
comfortable, and well equipped. A considerable number have single desks. A gradual
improvement is taking place. Schools that have been erected of late years are made
to conform to modem ideas.
>:ri'KRI\TF\I)J-\T lU' fXIHW EDiCATIOX 235
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27
The greatest factor in any school system is the teacher. On our staff we have
many very excellent teachers, and, with remarkably few exceptions, the teachers and
instructors evince a genuine interest in the physical, intellectual, and moral develop-
ment of the Indian children. They are earnest and persistent in their efforts to make
the pupils proficient and efficient in all the work.
Many of our teachers have had special ti-aining for their work. A good number
of them have attended normal school. Six normal-trained teachers have been placed
on the staff during the year.
Throughout the province there is a growing interest among the Indians on the
subject of education, and as a result all the industrial and boarding schools are full
to capacity.
Speaking generally, the health of the pupils has been good. There was an epi-
demic of grippe among the Indian pupils, in common with the pupils of our public
schools. This, however, has not been followed by any serious results. The rwupera-
tive powers of these people are becoming stronger.
The attendance in the day schools shows a slight improvement. The parents are
anxious to send their children to school, but they do not know how to organize the
home so that the children may be punctual and regular in attendance.
lu nearly all the schools there has been marked progress during the year. Indian
children, when conditions are favourable, do good and satisfactory work in the class-
room. The pupils of the industrial and boarding schools have been tested by written
examinations on spelling, hygiene, composition, geography, and arithmetic. The
results have been gratifying. In the industrial department the aim is to make the
work both educational and vocational. Farming, gardening, stock-raising, fruit-
growing, carpentry, and shoemaking engage the attention of the boys.
The yirls are trained in household , science and dressmaking. In si.mc of the
schools the girls are taught also to care for fowls. In the industrial schools, and also
in the boarding schools, punctuality, system, and order are emphasized. This makes
for efficiency.
In a limited number of the day schools a start has been made in school gardening.
The hope is this, that school gardening may multiply the home gardens.
Calisthenics and deep breathing exercises are practised daily with the object of
developing the lung capacity of the pupils. Health, efficieiuv. .n..! IniLr-tli f.f life
lepend to a marked degree on the ability to purify the blood.
uKi.uaors Tit.MM.N(;.
"Train up a child in the way he should g<>" is not only (n.d's coiimuiiid to |)i^^•llt.•^.
but it is society's first demand on both teacher and parent. This training, too, is one of
the first needs of the child's own nature. With it, happiness is within his reach; with-
out it, not only is his own happiness impossible, but he will interfere with the rightful
enjoyment of others. In all our industrial and boarding schools, both by precept and
example the positive teaching of the New Testament is kept before the i)upils. The
object is to vitalize and to energize the whole being through religious instruction. Th«
day schools are opened with prayer, scripture reading, and singing.
Children should be taught kindness, reverence, justice, honesty, and truthfulness.
The impressions made on the niinn- -it' v.-mikj- cliililrfii lu-f thi' ilccitcst-ro"ted an<l adhere
the longest.
236 DEPARTMEXT OF INDIAN AFPAiliS
7 GEORGE V,"A. 1917.
GENER.\[; REMARKS.
At one of the industrial schools the boys are receiving military drill. Each ia
armed with a wooden gun. Their evolutions are very creditable.
Some ten of the ex-pupils have joined the Army and have gone or are preparing to
go to Europe to fight in the defence of the Empire. I had a letter from one of 'the Nass
River boys. He was located at Hounslow Heath and had the opportunity of visiting
London. He speaks of the historic buildings he had visited, of his splendid health,
and of the fact that he expected to leave soon for anywhere from France to Egypt.
Nearly all the schools have a portrait of the King and Queen hanging on the
walls.
The Indians are exceedingly fond of music, and apt in learning to play a musical
instrument. Many of the villages have a brass band. A few of the schools have added
this to their curriculum, and the boys receive regular instiniction. They play fairly
well.
6494
The R.W.B. Jackson
Library
gam
fi|iii|iiii(ii!iii(i»i;?i.
1 fflTiiii
970.41
C212R1
1915/16
Canada. Dept . of Indian
Affairs.
Report .
DATE DUE
CArLORD
