Full text of "Annual report for the year ..."

82d Congress 2d Session

Union Calendar No. 803

House Report No. 2 516

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN

ACTIVITIES

FOR THE YEAR 1952

DECEMBER 28, 1952

(Original release date)

JANUARY 3, 1953. — Committed to the Committee of the Whole House
on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed

Prepared and released by the
COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENT ATI

WASHINGTON, D. C.

COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

United States House of Representatives

JOHN S. WOOD, Georgia, Chairman

FRANCIS E. WALTER. Pennsylvania HAROLD H. VELDE, Illinois

MORGAN M. MOULDER, Missouri BERNARD W. KEARNEY, New York

CLYDE DOYLE, California DONALD L. JACKSON, California

JAMES B. FRAZIER, Jr., Tennessee CHARLES E. POTTER, 1 Michigan

Frank S. Tavenner, Jr., Counsel
Louis J. Russell, Senior Investigator
John W. Carrington, Clerk of Committee
Raphael I. Nixon, Director of Research

1 Representative Charles E. Potter resigned from the House of Representatives and took
office as a United States Senator on November 5, 1952.

CONTENTS

Pag*

Statement by John S. Wood, chairman of the Committee on Un-American

Activities 1

Foreword 3

Investigations and hearings in industrial areas of the United States 7

Detroit • 9

Chicago , 27

Philadelphia, Pa 34

Communist infiltration of Hollywood motion-picture industry 40

Communist activities among professional groups in the Los Angeles area 56

Role of the Communist press in the Communist conspiracy 67

Communist activities among youth groups 69

Dr. Edward U. Condon 73

Methods of Communist infiltration in the United States Government 74

The Army Signal Corps Intelligence Agency 75

Review of the Methodist Federation for Social Action 76

Files and reference service 77

Publications 79

Recommendations SI

Union Calendar 803

82d Congress ) HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES j Report
2d Session j" ( No. 2516

COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES
ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1952

January 3, 1953.— Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State
of the Union and ordered to be printed

Mr. "Wood, of Georgia, from the Committee on Un-American
Activities, submitted the following

REPORT

[Pursuant to H. Res. 7, 82d Cong.]

COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES
ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1952

Statement by John S. Wood, Chairman of the Committee on

Un-American Activities

Since this annual report to the Congress from the Committee on
Un-American Activities is the final one to be submitted under my
chairmanship. I wish to extend a personal message to the Congress
and the American people.

First. I would like to express my thanks to my colleagues on the
committee for their excellent cooperation during my tenure as chair-
man. I am especially proud that there has been no occasion where
political considerations have been allowed to interfere with the prog-
ress of the committee's work. Those of us who have devoted our
lives to public representation recognize full well the necessity and
benefit derived from our system of political parties. We must, how-
ever, equally recognize the necessity of keeping political considera-
tions from influencing such duties as are charged to the Committee
on Un-American Activities. I can proudly state that the representa-
tion on this committee has not been bipartisan, but rather nonpartisan.
It has been Americanism against un- Americanism. The position of
the members has not been to determine how to best serve a group or
a party, but how best to serve the interests of our United States.

During the relativelv short existence of this countrv as a free
republic, a sizable portion of our heritage and our friends have laid
their lives down to preserve the rights and free ich allow

us to express in the Halls of Congress the views of the people we
represent. Our young country has faced many formidable enemies
in the past and has survived while older nations have perished.
Today we face an avowed enemy whose potential danger is probably
greater than any we have ever faced.

From my experiences, however. I feel that we can face the future
with optimism. In addition to an inherent love of freedom, the
American people have become aware of the efforts to subvert these
freedoms. I have been fortunate enough to observe that the American
people, once apprised of the existence of subversive influences, not
only reject them but strike out with resoluteness to destroy them.

I am pleased to state that the committee has received complete
cooperation from responsible individuals in all segments of American
life. The realization has come that our Government, industry, labor,
and organizations can continue to exist only if free of subversive
elements.

The attacks upon the committee are certainly no less vile nor vocif-
erous, but the sources of these attacks are now much more readily
discernible for what thev are.

2 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 1

I wish that upon my retirement I might be able to state that the
duties of the Committee on Un-American Activities have been com-
pleted. I regret, however, to state that this is far from the fact.
While it is true that great strides have been made, the legislative
mission of the Committee on Un-American Activities is far from com-
pleted. The Congress must accept responsibility to act upon effective
legislation to combat subversion.

I leave the chairmanship of this committee with the confident belief
that the Congress and the American people will continue to extend
to the committee the full support and cooperation that it needs and
deserves and has so faithfully received in the past.

[s] John S. Wood.

FOREWORD

Pursuant to its duties to the House of Representatives, the Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities has prepared this report to reflect
the results of hearings and investigations during the year 1952. The
committee was made a standing committee of the House of Represent-
atives by Public Law 601 (sec. 121, subsec. Q (2) ) , which was adopted
August 2, 1946, in the Seventy-ninth Congress, and House Resolution
No. 7 of the Eighty-second Congress.

This report to the Congress serves as notice of the extent to which
subversive activities and propaganda have been successful against
our form of government. The committee realizes that this report
embodying the results of the committee's investigations and hearings
during the past year is of singular importance. The critical nature
of the times makes it doubly important that the people and the Con-
gress be fully aware of the danger from subversive elements.

During the past year, the committee has had the benefit of informa-
tion and testimony from several persons who at one time had been
members of the Communist Party and who, having recognized that
communism is unequivocally determined to overthrow our form of
government, broke away from the conspiracy. It must be under-
stood that these persons have not appeared before the committee for
penitent confession, but rather to furnish valuable first-hand infor-
mation concerning the Communist conspiracy. The committee realizes
that it is not an easy thing for a person who has once been a part of
such a debasing element as communism to recount his part in it.
Fortunately, however, patriotism has outweighed pride in many of
these witnesses, and they have chosen to assist the Government by
furnishing it with all possible information in their possession regarding
subversive activity. The testimony of other witnesses, while reluctant,
was nevertheless helpful in adding to the sum of knowledge now pos-
sessed by the committee and the American people.

While the American people and their Government were fortunate to
have this testimony, some of the witnesses themselves were not. In-
stances have come to the committee's attention where several of these
witnesses have been forced from gainful employment after testifying.
Some have been released from the employment which they competently
held for years prior to their testimony. This action on the part of
present or prospective employers seems grossly unfair to the com-
mittee. An examination of the testimony of a large group of these
witnesses conclusively reveals that they did not join the Communist
Party to participate in any action designed to overthrow the United
States. They joined in some instances to defeat Hitler, or support
labor, and it was only long after their association with the Communist
Party that they learned the true intent and purpose of this organiza-
tion. Every reasonable step should be taken to safeguard the eco-
nomic future of individuals who have contributed to the knowledge
now possessed by our Government concerning the efforts of organiza-
tions and individuals presently working against the security of the
United States.

During the past year, the committee intensified its investigation of
Communist efforts and successes in infiltrating vital defense areas.
Through these investigations and hearings, it has become more ob-

4 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

vious than ever that communism had made dangerous inroads into
several unions or union locals which are of strategic importance in
our defense effort. For the most part, union members in the United
States are completely loyal and patriotic. However, in numerous
instances, the average union member has been unaware that, through
his own apathy for union affairs, the union or local to which he
belongs is under the domination of communism.

The committee's investigations into communism in vital defense
areas were centralized in the past year in the areas of Detroit, Mich.,
Chicago, 111., and Philadelphia, Pa. The committee was shocked to
find domination of some unions and locals by the Communist con-
spiracy. In almost every instance it has been found that the Com-
munists have managed to seize control of these locals even though
their numerical strength was in minute proportion to the total mem-
bership in the unions. It has been found in some instances that
practically the only Communists within a local were individuals
holding official positions in that local. It is regrettable that in many
instances the membership of the local was unaware that its leaders were
Communists until they were identified in testimony before this com-
mittee. The committee has been charged with attacks upon labor
because of its exposure of communism in the areas mentioned above.
However, the committee appreciates, as do all Americans, the ad-
vances made by the labor movement in the United States and finds it
unfortunate that there are instances in which Communists have utilized
labor for their own nefarious ends. For this reason, the labor move-
ment itself must exhibit constant and continuing vigilance and make
every effort to remove from its ranks those elements which are domi-
nated by communism and the agents of a foreign conspiracy against
human freedom and free labor.

One of the most important discoveries made by this committee grew
out of testimony taken in Philadelphia concerning the institution
and operation of a city- wide underground organization. This organi-
zation existed in the third largest city of the United States and its
membership was unknown even to the Communist Party functionaries
who were responsible for all open party activity in this area. Each
individual selected by the organizer was screened very closely in an
effort to weed out those of whom there was attached the slightest
doubt of party loyalty. After the selection of an individual, it was
his duty to disassociate himself from all other known sections of the
Communist Party, even if this action entailed the alienation of life-
long friends who might inquire as to his new party work. During this
period he was to devote himself to study and preparation for the task
ahead. All personal contact with other individuals connected with the
underground was made in public places, where it would be virtually
impossible for investigators to obtain the gist or text of discussions.
These discussions centered around the operating experiences of under-
ground movements in other cities and countries, and their application
to the Philadelphia area. Elaborate systems of communication be-
tween these groups were devised; coded telephone calls in the dead
of night were used to announce the time and place of the next meet-
ing. Even certain repair shops were designated as message drops to
announce important decisions affecting the operation of the under-
ground movement to others, when other means of communication had
failed. Articles containing instructive messages were to be left to be

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 5

repaired and then picked up by other members. The cell or basic unit
of this underground apparatus at no time contained more than three
individuals and the structure of association pyramided so that an
individual would know no more than three other members of the
apparatus. The cell or basic group was autonomous in the respect
that all membership dues, names, and so forth, remained the prop-
erty of the basic group. So that quick and confidential dissemination
of party information could be effected, mimeograph machines were
obtained by the underground and cached with members of this organi-
zation to insure that in event of complete destruction of all present-
day means of printing and distribution of information, the party's
work could go on. Further information relating to the aims and
purposes of this section of the Communist Party is set forth under
the subtitle "Communist Infiltration Into Basic Industries in the
Philadelphia Area."

We must, in these days of extensive defense production, obviate the
possibility of any individual or group hampering vital production in
order to advance the cause of our enemies. The committee recognizes
that it has a serious obligation to intensify its investigations, not only
in the areas which have already been mentioned but in other areas
vital to our defenses and in which communism is exerting an influence.

The committee ascertained during the past year that communism
has developed cells within so-called professional groups in the United
States. It has been found that within the city of Los Angeles and its
suburbs important cells of the Communist Party have been formed
and are active within the medical, legal, and journalistic profes-
sions. The committee has had startling testimony to the effect that
in some instances members of these professions could be utilized as
espionage couriers. On this point, the committee heard testimony
that instructions had been given to Communist Party officials in Los
Angeles that, if it were necessary for the Communist Party to go
underground, the offices of Communist physicians could be used as a
clearing house for the exchange of information. A witness before
the committee testified that, according to the plan, a Communist official
would furnish instructions to a Communist physician, who in turn
would pass along these instructions to Communist Party members
who would visit the doctor under the guise of patients.

The committee's investigation relating to communism in the profes-
sional groups served to strengthen the committee's position that the
National Lawyers' Guild is the "legal bulwark" of the Communist
Party. The committee received testimony that those members of the
Communist Party who were in the legal profession were required to
be members of the National Lawyers' Guild also.

During the course of the past year, the committee continued the
investigation and hearings which first began in 1951 relating to the
scope and success of Communist infiltration into the motion-picture
industry. The committee still has a number of witnesses to be called
in connection with the investigation of the motion-picture industry.

The committee also feels that as a result of the hearings relating to
the Communist infiltration of the motion-picture industry, that the
extensive financial reservoir which had existed in Hollywood for
Communist purposes has been greatly diminished.

The committee has focused attention on the role that has been
played by the Communist press in the Communist conspiracy. While
it is true that the average American has never read, and probably

6 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

knows little about, Communist publications in the United States, the
committee would again like to point out that the Communist press
plays a vital role in Communist operations not only within the United
States but internationally as well. Through the utilization of official
Communist Party organs such as the Daily Worker, the People's
Daily World, and others, international communism is able to furnish
Communist Party members within the United States the official policy
or line that is to be followed. It has been disclosed through testimony
that from time to time the Communist Party will set up apparently
independent news services or news bureaus which serve as nothing
less than pipelines for official Communist direction to Communist
Party leaders in the United States.

The Communist Party in the United States has for years directed
all-out efforts to gain control of various youth movements within the
United States. It realizes that in order to become more powerful it
must make inroads among the youth of the United States. The com-
mittee conducted several hearings which disclosed that, by and large,
American youth has repulsed Communist efforts to recruit him.

The committee also heard during the year testimony of Dr. Ed-
ward U. Condon, former director of the National Bureau of Standards.
As a result of this hearing, the committee is of the opinion that while
it has no proof that Dr. Condon was ever a member of the Communist
Party his persistent association with people who were either disloyal
or of suspected loyalty, coupled with his public endorsement of some
of these associates in the face of unshaken testimony to the contrary
and his failure to make any inquiry to ascertain the true facts, as well
and his obvious contempt for any form of security regulations dis-
qualify him from holding any position in which he would have access
to information of a confidential or secret nature.

The committee also, upon the basis of a petition filed by several em-
ployees of the Army Signal Corps Intelligence Agency, conducted
an investigation into charges that there were subversive elements and
security risks within that agency. As a result of the committee's
investigation it was disclosed that for a period there was a noticeable
security laxity in that agency which, on the strength of these em-
ployees' complaints, were carefully examined by Army authorities.
The committee is satisfied that, as a result of the complaints and the
committee's investigation, a much stricter security enforcement has
been effected in the Signal Corps Intelligence Agency.

In order that the American public might fully realize that the
Methodist Federation for Social Action is using the name of one of
our largest and certainly most loyal religious bodies without authori-
zation, the committee prepared and released a report which was a
review of the Methodist Federation for Social Action.

The committee would like to state that during this year there has
been an unprecedented demand upon its file and record service and,
more than ever before, by the executive branch of the Government.
There has been a widespread demand upon the committee for its
publications. We regret that in many instances publications are ex-
hausted before they are secured by all those desiring them. Wherever
possible, the committee has had additional prints made.

In this annual report, the committee feels that the Congress and the
American people will have a much clearer and fuller picture of the suc-
cess and scope of communism in the United States by having set forth
the names and, where possible, the positions occupied by individuals

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 7

who have been identified as Communists, or former Communists, dur-
ing the past year. In the matter of hearings relating to the motion-
picture industry and professional groups, the committee is including
those individuals who were named during 1951, inasmuch as these
hearings have been of a continuing nature.

As in the past, and in accordance with provisions of applicable law,
the committee is recommending several legislative proposals. In
order that the Congress may appreciate the value of the committee's
records, there are being included all of the recommendations which
have been made by this and preceding committees since the Seventy-
sixth Congress.

INVESTIGATIONS AND HEARINGS IN INDUSTRIAL
AREAS OF THE UNITED STATES

During the year, the committee has continued its investigation
of Communist activity in industrial areas: Detroit, Chicago, Los
Angeles, and Philadelphia. At the same time investigations have been
continued or started in other localities.

The committee considers investigations and hearings in the many
industrial areas to be most important. The investigations to date
have disclosed that in these areas Communist activities revolve around
the members of the Communist Party who have infiltrated or are
controlling the labor organizations. We have found leaders of the
Communist Party on union payrolls in these areas; Communist leaders
who, while posing as trade-unionists, are directing Communist activi-
ties among youth, students, educators, professional and white-collar
workers, and all other workers, organized and unorganized. We
have found that these same unions are the major source of revenue for
schools, newspapers, and periodicals operated and/or published by
members of the Communist Party for the purpose of furthering the
cause of communism. Of course, these vehicles of propaganda are
never identified with the Communist Party but are fraudulently
identified in some manner with labor. This has been done in order to
brand attacks upon them as "antilabor," just as the exposure of indi-
viduals in labor unions as Communists is branded as "antilabor."
By identifying an organization or publication with labor, the Com-
munist Party has found that it is able to sell the worker on enrolling
or subscribing as a means of helping himself to become a better trade-
unionist. The workers learn only too late that they have been in-
doctrinated with communism, some to the extent of actually joining
the Communist Party. These Communist trade-unionists are also
the creators of organizations called by innocent names but which also
have the purpose of furthering communism.

The committee considers the failure of certain trade-unionists to rid
themselves of Communists to be a national disgrace, directly affecting
the security of the United States. This statement does not imply that
the disgrace is the fault of the average worker, for he needs leadership
and protection in this battle. This leadership and protection have
been denied him in many instances by labor, management, and the
Government itself. Examples of this have come to light during the
committee's investigations.

Take the case of workers employed by International Harvester in
those plants where the Farm Equipment Council of the United Elec-
trical, Radio, and Machine Workers— Independent, hereinafter re-
ferred to as UE-FE, acts as bargaining agent. Hundreds of workers

8 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

desiring to bring the membership under unions not dominated by Com-
munists have devoted their nonworking hours to acting as voluntary
organizers for non-Communist unions which they hope will supplant
UE-FE as their bargaining agent. In the plants where the other
unions have not defeated the UE-FE, these voluntary organizers have
been expelled from the Communist-dominated UE-FE and thereby
left without an agent to handle their demands or grievances. With-
out this union representation, some management personnel has taken
advantage of these workers with the result that the workers lose almost
everything as a reward for their effort. Some have even lost their
employment on the insistence of the Communist-dominated UE-FE.
All of these voluntary organizers would lose their employment in the
event of a closed-shop contract between International Harvester and
UE-FE.

This threat to the security of workers trying to clean Communists
out of control of their union acts as a deterrent to other trade-unionists
who would like to take an active part in the tight against communism.
Organizers with families to support and financial obligations to ful-
fill cannot sacrifice their future without assistance in the fight.

In addition to the fact that the organizers receive no assistance in
this fight, they also fail to receive the support of a majority of their
fellow workers who are anti-Communists. According to the com-
mittee's investigations, this latter category of workers fail to support
organization efforts by a union such as the UAW because they distrust
the UAW. This distrust results from the apparent failure of the
UAW to drive out the Communists in positions of leadership in cer-
tain of its own locals.

Harvester workers in the Chicago area are well acquainted with the
affairs of local 453, UAW, called the Little Kremlin, an amalgamated
local in the vicinity of Cicero, 111. They recall that when local 453
decided to comply with the non-Communist affidavit provision of the
Taft-Hartley law the president and certain other officers resigned their
position because they were Communists. However, the Harvester
workers also know that this did not affect the leadership of local 453.
They know that Hilliard Ellis and Sven Anderson had positions cre-
ated for which no non-Communist affidavit would have to be filed, had
themselves appointed to these positions, and, from these positions, con-
tinue to control the affairs of local 453. As can be readily seen, this ac-
tion circumvents the spirit of the law, and, as a matter of fact, this
should have been investigated by the NLRB for a determination as to
whether there existed a conspiracy to violate the non-Communist
affidavit provisions of the Taft-Hartley law. Irrespective of whether
there has been a violation of the law, the fact remains that no action
has been taken in this situation by the UAW. This, on top of the un-
healthy condition within local 600, UAW, Detroit, has lost for UAW
much support.

The Government can render valuable assistance to Harvester and
all other workers represented by Communist-dominated unions and
can assist UAW and other non-Communist internationals in cleaning
out their locals which are heavily infiltrated or controlled by members
of the Communist Party. The legislation which has been given much
consideration by your committee will also force Communists out of
positions of leadership in the union locals.

It is the committee's recommendation that legislation be enacted
which will empower an agency of the Government to make investiga-

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 9

tions of labor organizations to determine whether any national, inter-
national, local, or other organic labor organization is controlled, or
dominated by, or has, as officers or leaders, members of the Communist
Party or other totalitarian organizations. An affirmative finding
should therewith deny to the labor organizations harboring such mem-
bers all facilities of the NLRB.

The committee hesitates to recommend that the NLRB be desig-
nated as the investigative agency referred to above for reasons which
seem to the committeeto be repeated failure on the part of the NLRB
to investigate the activities of existing Communist-dominated unions,
activities which apparently circumvent the intent of the Taft-Hartley
Act and place non-Communist unions and industry to the dis-
advantage of the Communist unions.

It is further recommended that, with the enactment of this legisla-
tion, the non-Communist affidavit now required be eliminated. This
provision of law, after a start as intended by its authors, is now work-
ing to the benefit of members of the Communist Party engaged in the
field of labor. Scores of union officials who have filed non-Communist
affidavits, and who have been witnesses before your committee and
Federal grand juries, have refused, on the grounds of possible self-
incrimination, to answer questions relative to their Communist affilia-
tion. Evidence before the committee conclusively shows that certain
of these union officials are still affiliated with the Communist Party,
though they have non-Communist affidavits on file. Many workers
cannot understand why these Communists have not been prosecuted
for filing fraudulent affidavits, but this failure to prosecute is under-
standable when we realize that an individual, in signing the non-
Communist affidavit, swears only that he is not a member of the Com-
munist Party on the day he affixes his signature. He can be, and in
most cases is, a member of the Communist Party on the day before
and the day after he signs the affidavit. In addition to enjoying the
facilities of the NLRB, the Communist union leaders, as a result of
their filing the non-Communist affidavit, have an argument to use
against those who claim that they are Communists or that their unions
are Communist-dominated. The Communist labor leader answers
that he has signed a non-Communist affidavit and that certainly he
would be prosecuted if he were a Communist. The average worker
does not consider the above technicality, and the Communists win an
argument and support. So that this support which the Communist
receives may be understood, it must not be forgotten that he is ren-
dering the services of a trade-unionist, which in most cases equal or
excel the services rendered by non-Communist union officials. This
excellent service rendered by the Communists can assist the Com-
munist Party in gaining control. It is continued until the Com-
munist Party has absolute control.

Detroit

The committee's hearings in Detroit, Mich., in February and March
1952, climaxed a 7-month investigation in the State of Michigan.
The hearings constituted only a partial revelation of the Communist
activities uncovered during the investigation. The elements of in-
filtration and control touched upon during the hearings were also
only partial.

This can be better understood by the fact that during the investi-
gation the identity of over 600 individuals who were or are still

10 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

members of the Communist Party was learned. Yet, during the hear-
ings only about one-third of these were identified. Those identified
during the investigation included students and former students at
the major universities in Michigan. They included teachers through-
out the State, professional workers, and others from almost every
phase of life in Michigan. Also identified during the investigation
were the Communist clubs operated in most areas of Michigan, as
well as in industries in localities outside Detroit. Those individuals
and clubs identified, but not the subject of the hearings held, have
been under continuing investigation. However, the committee's
limited investigative staff makes it impossible to proceed as rapidly
as desired.

During the hearings, the committee received detailed testimony
from many individuals at one time active in the Communist Party
of Michigan. Through these witnesses, we learned of the control ex-
ercised by the Communist Party over the great auto industry's unions
in the Detroit area. We also learned how the Communists control
the activities of Communist-front organizations operated in the
State of Michigan. These organizations, such as the Michigan chap-
ters of the Civil Rights Congress, American Committee for Pro-
tection of Foreign Born, Committee for Peace, Labor Committee for
Peace, and the National Negro Labor Council, have played an im-
portant role in fostering the policies of the Communist Party in the
State of Michigan.

Through the Civil Rights Congress, funds have been raised for the
defense of Communists tried or being tried for violating the provisions
of the Smith Act. Propaganda in support of Communists and advice
on the procedures Communists should follow if arrested, on trial, or
witnesses before congressional committees is given by the Civil Rights
Congress. During your committee's hearing in Detroit, William L.
Patterson, national executive secretary of the Civil Rights Congress
and a leading Communist functionary, was in Detroit conferring with
the Communists subpenaed and directing them in their conduct before
the committee.

Through the American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born,
funds were raised to defend those Communists guilty of violating im-
migration laws. It provides legal services to Communists who need
them to defend themselves in proceedings instituted by the Immi-
gration and Naturalization Service. While no instances of the Ameri-
can Committee for Protection of Foreign Born defending non-Com-
munists came to the attention of the committee, it was established in
Detroit that this organization resorts to a form of blackmail against
those fighting the Communists. It accomplishes this by circulating
among the many foreign-born residing in Detroit circulars intimida-
ting all who can give testimony against the Communist Party and its
leaders.

The Michigan Committee for Peace and the Labor Committee for
Peace are other Communist fronts operating in Michigan. The inves-
tigation and hearing established beyond doubt that they are dominated
and led by members of the Communist Party. These groups are more
vicious than all the others because they are playing on the nerves
of mothers and fathers of American youth stationed in America's
Armed Forces, especially those fighting in Korea. These organizations
have only one role, irrespective of their claims — that of supporting
the Korean policy of the Soviet Union, Red China, and Communist

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 11

Korea. They have a direct connection with the Communists, as shown
by the fact that, through these organizations, parents and relatives
are receiving word from those Americans being held captive by the
Communists. These organizations have drawn to them many honest
Americans who are unable to see through their propaganda, blinded
by the love they hold for one close to them lighting in Korea. Unless
these organizations are completely exposed, they will continue to draw
honest Americans into the web of communism.

The National Negro Labor Council is a Communist-front organiza-
tion, designed to infiltrate communism into Negro life. By accusing
established labor organizations of overlooking the needs of the Ne-
groes, it hopes to capture more Negroes for communism. It deals in
propaganda and deceit to put across its line. One illustration of this
can be seen from the following incident :

William K. Hood telephoned the Ford Motor Co. and asked for an
appointment to discuss labor problems affecting Negroes. He sought
the appointment, as president of the National Negro Labor Council.
He was advised that the Ford Motor Co. refused to discuss any prob-
lems with the National Negro Labor Council. Hood then requested
the appointment as recording secretary of local 600, UAW, which
position he also held. After the interview, Hood, who was accom-
panied by Coleman Young, claimed that the National Negro Labor
Council had obtained certain benefits for the Negro worker. He ex-
plained these benefits as being in the main an agreement to hire Ne-
groes in the bomber plant which Ford was repairing. The Communist
National Negro Labor Council claimed that never before had Negroes
been hired in this building. This claim is false, as all Ford workers
know, but, in making the claim in the Communist Worker, they knew
that Negroes in other parts of the United States did not. The Com-
munists have thereby used the story to convince unsuspecting Negroes
that in the National Negro Labor Council they find their only friend.

Local 600, UAW-CIO, is the largest labor local in the world. Its
gigantic size resembles an international union. It has a treasury in
excess of $300,000. Local 600 has always been the prime target of
the Communist Party. While the actual number of Communist Party
members is proportionately small, through their control of the left-
wing element within the Ford empire they have always elected a large
number of officers. In certain of the buildings, such as the foundry,
the Communists have always controlled the labor organization. This
control of units, such as the foundry, has given the Communists control
or near control of local 600's executive council and, through the coun-
cil, control of local 600. Most of local 600 ? s presidents have been non-
Communist and some even anti-Communist, but, as our hearings point-
ed out, the Communists are usually in control. Carl Stellato, president
of local 600 at the time of the committee's hearings was in such a posi-
tion. It has been reported that he is using the Communists to combat
the attempt of the international president, Walter Reuther, to replace
him as president. He, Stellato believes that he can control the mem-
bers of the Communist Party. But the evidence shows the opposite to
be the fact. Irrespective of his purpose, the committee's investiga-
tion and hearings have established that he has surrounded himself with
individuals who were or are members of the Communist Party, all of
whom, regardless of their current membership status, are subservient
to the Communist Party. His administrative assistant, Johnson, was

H. Rept. 2510. 82-2 2

12 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

at one time an officer of the foundry unit of the Communist Party.
Many of the union's top advisers and union employees are also subser-
vient to the Communist Party. Ways must be found to remove the
Communists from their positions of control of this large local whose
members play such an important role in America's defense.

The hearings show that great strides have been made in removing
them from the other auto locals. In congratulating the workers in
these locals for ridding themselves of Communist leadership, the com-
mittee wishes to point out that evidence uncovered during the investi-
gation discloses that Communists formerly employed in white-collar
positions are taking up trade work and, as unknowns in the com-
munity, are obtaining employment in the auto industry. Some of
these are already working within various locals.

Testimony regarding various phases and aspects of Communist
Party activities in the Detroit area which was given to the committee
by Richard F. O'Hair, Walter Scott Dunn, Wayne Salisbury, Wil-
liam A. Record, Berenice ("Toby") Baldwin, Casimir Rataj, Elesio
"Lee" Romano, Shelton Tappes, Dave Averill, and Leon England was
of great assistance. Those persons who are interested in keeping our
labor unions and other groups free of the Communist ensnarement
which these witnesses clearly exposed should find their testimony most
enlightening.

The following persons were identified as members of the Communist
Party during the course of the Detroit hearings :

Identified by

Acciacca, Archie
Ford Motor Car Co.

Adamski, Stanley

Member, United Auto Workers, CIO
Adiken, G.
Ahrens, (Jeorge
Allan, Stephanie
(Mrs. William Allan)

Wife of Daily Worker correspondent
Allan, William (Billy)

Communist Party organizer, Daily
Worker representative

Allison, Helen

(Mrs. Carl Winter). (See Helen Alli-
son Winter.)
Alston, Chris
Officer, East Side Council, Communist
Party; employee, Packard Motor
Car Co.
Anderson, Gus

Painter
Anderson, James

Local 600, i nited Auto Workers, CIO
Anderson, John
Trade-unionist, Local 155, United
Auto Workers, CIO
Anderson, Thomas

Educational director, Branch 1, Sec.
5, Communist Party
Asslin, Midge (Mildred).

Communist Party functionary

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Dave Averill, Mar. 12, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Shelton Tappes, Mar. 12, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 13

Bailey, Gay
Baker, Foss

Lansing, Mich.
Baltic, Nick

Transferred to Pittsburgh, Pa., 1945
Banks, Rose
Barclay, Sidney
(Also known as Scotty)

Employee, Hudson Motor Car Co.
Barnes, Oscar

Employee, Cadillac Motor Car Divi-
sion of General Motors.
Baron, Donnie

United Auto Workers, CIO.
Beiswenger, Ann
(Mrs. Hugo Beiswenger)

(Appeared Feb. 28, 1952; refused to
affirm or deny Communist Party
membership.)

Beiswenger, Hugo, Jr.
7485 Parkland, Detroit

(Appeared Feb. 26, 1952 ; refused to
affirm or deny Communist Party
membership.)
Beiswenger, Huso, Sr.

Jackson, Mich.
Berenson, Izzy
(Isadore)
Operator of newsstand, Detroit;
Daily Worker agent.
Bernstein, Joe

Financial Secretary, District 7, Com-
munist Party, Michigan.
(Appeared Feb. 26, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)
Berry, Abner

Editor of Daily Worker
Bigford, Al

Jackson, Mich.
Bigford, Esther
Jackson, Mich.
Black, Mr.

Employee, Ford Motor Co.
Blossom, Ray

Blyth, Larry

Marine City, Mich.
Boatin. Ann Vartainian
(Mrs. Paul Boatin)

Local 600, United Auto Workers, CIO.
Boatin, Paul

(Appeared Mar. 11, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)

Bollin, Cliff

Employee, Hudson Motor Car Co.
Bollin, Shirley
(Mrs. Cliff Bollin)
Borad, Murray
Bond, Jerry
Boskey, Harry

Employee, Dodge Division, Chrysler
Corp.

Identified by

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Dave Averill, Mar. 12, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27. 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.

Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 19-")2.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Dave Averill, Mar. 12, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

14 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Identified by

Boyd, Gerald ( Jerry ) Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Officer, East Side Council, Communist Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Party; local 205, United Auto Bereuiece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Workers, CIO.
Brandt, Joe Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Flint, Mich. Bereuiece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Moved to Cleveland, Ohio.
Brantley, Imogene

(See Imogene Brantley Le'Garde.)
Braunlich, Art Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Out-State organizer, Communist
Party.
Bray, Mary Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Brinich, Dorothy Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Member 12th Street Club of Commu-
nist Party.
Brook, Van Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Member, Chrysler Club of Commu-
nist Party.
Brooks, Paul Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Officer, East Side Council, Communist Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Party.
Brown, Robert (Bob) Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Employee, Packard Motor Car Co.
Brown, Walter O. Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.

Pressed Steel Branch, Ford Motor Dave Averill, Mar. 12, 1952.
Co.
Burt, Herman Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Auto worker.
Campbell, Miss Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Speaker at 1945 State convention of
Communist Party.
Campbell, Mr. Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Member, Ben Davis Club of the Com-
munist Party.
Chait, Max Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Former employee of Ford Motor Co. Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.

Shelton Tappes, Mar. 12, 1952.
Chamblis, Hilliard Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

United Auto Workers, CIO, member.
Chandler, William (Bill) Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

United Auto Workers, CIO, Local
155, member.
Cherveny, John Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Employee, American Metal Products
(Appeared Feb. 26, 1952 ; refused to
affirm or deny Communist Party
membership.)
Christie, Walter Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

United Auto Workers, CIO, local 155,
member.
Cinzori, Mack Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.

Die maker, Ford Motor Co., United
Auto Workers, CIO
(Appeared Mar. 11, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)
Clark, Elizabeth Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Employee Frigid Food Corp.
Clark, Terry Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Communist Party functionary.
Cohen, Leonard Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Alleged to be reporter.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 15

Cole, Adeline

Young Communist League official.
Cones. Leola J

Jackson. Mich.
Cones, Roy '

Jackson, Mich.
Connors, William
Cook, Elinor Lafferty
(Now Mrs. Elinor Maki)
Teacher ; Communist Party function-
ary-

(Appeared Feb. 27, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)
Cook, George
Literature director, 14th District.
Transferred to New York.
Cook, Maurice

(Former husband of Elinor Lafferty

Cook)
Officer Mid Town Club, Communist
Party.
Cook, Melva

(Mrs. George Cook)
Transferred to New York.
Cooper, J. Will
Coppock, Russell

Flint, Mich.
Cottrell, Leo
Cummins, Bob (Robert)

Former paint salesman, Montgomery

Ward Co.
(Appeared Feb. 28. 1952; refused to
affirm or deny Communist Party
membership.)
Cunningham, Sis
(Mrs. Gordon Friesen)
(Mrs. Milton Freeman)
Employee district office, Communist
Party.
Daley, Bill

Jackson, Mich.
Dalton, Clem
Daniels, Nick

Presently up for deportation.
Daniels, Mrs. Nick. ( See Agnes Grigg. )
Davey, Fred

Grand Rapids, Mich.
Davis, Kurt
Employee, Dodge Division, Chrysler
Corp.
Davis, Larry

320 E. Milwaukee, Detroit, Mich.
Davis, Mrs. Mary. (See Mary Page.)
Davis, Nelson
Employee, Ford Motor Co., vice presi-
dent, local 600, United Auto Work-
ers, CIO.

(Appeared Mar. 12, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)

Davis, Sally
Employee, Dodge Division, Chrysler
Corp.

Identified ~by
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Fed. 29, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Fed. 29, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Shelton Tappes, Mar. 12, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

1 Mr. Salisbury testified that It is his belief that Leola and Roy Cones had broken from
the Communist Party.

16 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Dearnley, Eric

Former officer, Plymouth Local 51,
United Auto Workers, CIO
De Blois, Don

Employee, Briggs Mfg. Oo.
Delancey, Ann

Formerly resided at Priscilla Home. 2
Dennis, Tommy

Ypsilanti, Mich.
Dillard, Mr.

Member, Midtown Club of the Com-
munist Party.
Dillard, Mrs.
Member, Midtown Club of the Com-
munist Party.
Dolman, Leslie (Pvt.)
Dombrowski, Ruth
(Mrs. Tom Dombrowski.)
Dombrowski, Tom. (Also known as
Thomas X. Dombey.)
Editor of Glos-Ludowy, Hamtramck.
(Appeared Apr. 29, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)
Dorosh, Walter

Employee, Ford Motor Co.

(Appeared Mar. 12, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)
Drown, Vida (Nee, McDonnell).

Jackson, Mich.
Duncan, Johnny

Local 600, United Auto Workers, CIO,
Ford Motor Co. employee.
Edwards, Byron

Local 600, United Auto Workers,
CIO, Ford Motor Co. employee.
Edwards, Celia (Mrs. Byron Edwards.)
Clerk in Local 600, United Auto
Workers, CIO.

(Appeared Mar. 11, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist Party
membership.)
Endicott, Paul
Employee, Dodge Division, Chrysler
Corp.
Fainaru, Harry

Editor of Foreign Language news-
paper.
Falk, Sven

Employee, Packard Motor Car Co.
Ferris, Alice

Operated Communist Book Store.
Field, Fred

Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Fireman, Hy

Auto worker.
Fische, Fred
Employee, Chevrolet Motors Div.,
General Motors Corp.
Ford, James

Communist Party functionary.
Foreman, Carneller

Officer, East Side Council, Commu-
nist Party.

Identified by
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Shelton Tappes, Mar. 12, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.

Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Shelton Tappes, Mar. 12, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury. Feb. 27, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

8 Records of the committee show correct Dame of place as Priscilla Inn, 2619 Cass Ave.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 17

Forsythe, Emmett

Editor, Michigan Worker.
Franklin, Harold
Employee, Ford Motor Co., foundry,
River Rouse Plant ; United Auto
Workers, CIO, vice pres. and re-
cording secretary.
(Appeared Apr. 29, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership. )
Franklin, Mrs. Harold

(See Mary Mclntyre.)
Frazier, Jim

Charlotte, Mich.
Freeman, Milton

Formerly employed by Detroit Times.
Furay, Mrs. Mort (Corinne Foray)
Gale, Willie
Gallo, John
District' committeeman; employee,
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn plant.
(Appeared Mar. 12, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)
Ganley, Ann (Mrs. Nat Ganley)
Ganley, Nat
Business agent, Local 155, United
Auto Workers, CIO.
Gannett, Betty

Communist Party functionary.
Garrett, Dewey

Machine tool operator.
Gates, Henderson
Gebelle, Fred

Employee, Plymouth Motor Corp.
Gebert, Boleslaw
Gladstone, Marvin

Washtenaw County.
Glassgold, Edna (Mrs. Harry Glass-
gold)
Former employee, Ford Motor Co.
and former member, Theatre
Guild, New York City.
Glassgold, Harry

Artist ; organizational section, branch
1, section 5, Communist Party.
Glenn, William

Grand Rapids, Mich.
(Appeared Mar. 12, 1952 ; refused to
affirm or deny Communist Party
membership. )
Gonzales, Jesus (Jessie)

New Haven, Mich.
Goodman, Calvin

18C64 Forrest Avenue, Detroit, Mich.,
Employee, Ford Motor Car Co.
Goodman. Flo (Mrs. Calvin Goodman)
Gordon, Hy

Communist Party functionary.
Gore, Jack
Employee, Dodge Division, Chrysler
Corp. ; former student at Ann
Arbor.
Gottlieb

Member, Group 1, auto miscellaneous
section of the Communist Party.

Identified by

Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Dave Averill, Mar. 12, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Dave Averill, Mar. 12, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Casimir Rataj, Mar. 10, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

18 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Green, Pressley

Ford Motor Co. local 600, United
Auto Workers, CIO.
Greenberg, Ike

Grigg, Agnes (Mrs. Nick Daniels)
Grossman, Fay Gingold (Mrs. Saul
Grossman)
Secretary, district 7, Communist
Party of Michigan.
Grossman, Saul

(Appeared Apr. 29, 1952; refused to
affirm or deny Communist Party
membership.)
Gustafson, John

Employee, Plymouth Motor Corp.
Haskell, Raphael (Ray)

Former employee, Dial Machine Co.

(Appeared Feb. 26, 1952 ; refused to

affirm or deny Communist Party

membership.)

Haskell, Zina Brandi (Mrs. Ray

Haskell)
Hell, John
Henley, Paul

Steward, local 3, United Auto Work-
ers, CIO, Dodge Division, Chrys-
ler Corp.
(Appeared Feb. 27, 1952 ; refused to
affirm or deny Communist Party
membership.)
Higdon, Hoke

Muskegon, Mich.
Hommer, Phil

Local 205, United Auto Workers,
CIO ; employee, Allen Industries Co.
Hood, William R.
At one time, recording secretary, local
600, United Auto Workers, CIO;
employee, Ford Motor Co.
(Appeared Feb. 28, 1952 ; refused to
affirm or deny Communist Party
membership.)
Hrabar, Mike

Local 600, United Auto Workers, CIO ;
employee, Ford Motor Co.
Hudson, Roy

Communist Party functionary.
Iglesias, Frank

Member A. F. of L. Painters' Union.
Ireland. Betty (Mrs. Max Ireland)

Stenographer.
Ireland, Max
Employee, Cadillac Motor Car Divi-
sion, General Motors Corp.
Issacs, John

Jackson, James (Dr. James E. Jackson)
Communist Party functionary.

Jacobowitz, Jake

Auto worker.
Jansen, Henry (also known as "Swede"
Jansen )
Chairman, Timken Club of the Com-
munist Party.

Identified by
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Shelton Tappes, Mar. 12, 1952.

Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Shelton Tappes, Mar. 12, 1952.
Dave Averill, Mar. 12, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 25, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 19

Jelley, Tom

Employee, Ford Motor Co. ; officer,
United Auto Workers, CIO.
(Appeared Mar. 11, 1952 ; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)
Johnson, Mrs. Hattie
Johnson, Jean
Jones, Dick
Jones, Fred
Jones, J. B. s

Local 600, United Auto Workers,
CIO.
Jones, James

Local 600, United Auto Workers,
CIO.
Jurist, Gus
Juris, Mrs. Gus
Kasper, Pete
Local 600, United Auto Workers,
CIO.
Keller, James

Believed to now reside in Chicago.
Kelly, Ann

Paid Communist Party functionary.
Kelly, Laura
Kennedy, Casper

Flint, Mich.
Kennedy, Royce

Electrical appliances business.
Kidwell, Omar
Kitto, Russell
Employee, Cadillac Motor Car Divi-
sion, General Motors Corp.
Kniep, Florence

Traverse City, Mich.
Kocel, Alice (Mrs. Ben Kocel)
Kocel, Ben

Newspaper, Glos Ludowy, Ham-
tramck.
Kowal, Pete
Krawford, Leroy

Employee, Ford Motor Co.

Kristalsky, George

Hamtramck, Mich.
Kudlik, Jeannie
Lancey, Andy
Lauderdale, Leonard
Lawson, John

Employee, tool and die unit, Dear-
born plant, Ford Motor Co.
Lee, Ginny

Jackson, Mich.
Lee, Katie

Paid Communist Party functionary.
Le Garde, Imogene Williams Brantley

Local 205, United Auto Workers, CIO ;
employee, Allen Industries Co.
Lieberman, Robert

Communist Party functionary.
Lifsee, Bill

Identified by
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb 25, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Dave Averill, Mar. 12, 1952.

•Shelton Tappes, Mar. 12, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27. 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Wavne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Shelton Tappes, Mar. 12, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Casimir Rataj, Mar. 10, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Dave Averill, Mar. 12, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

* Dave Averill testified that it is his belief that J. B. Jones had broken with the Com-
munist Party.

20 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Lindouf, Charles

Employee, Plymouth Motor Corp.
Little, John

Local 600, United Auto Workers, CIO.
Llewelyn, Percy

Vice president, Ford Local 600, United
Auto Workers, CIO.
Lock,- Edgar (Ed)

Employee, Ford Motor Co. ; chairman,
plastics unit, local 600, United
Auto Workers, CIO.
(Appeared Mar. 11, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)
Lymber, John
Lynch, Katherine

Former employee, Free Press.

McAllister, Mr.
McAllister, Verna

Sent by the party to California
McGee, Dewey

Employee, Ford Motor Co.
McDonnell, Faye
(Mrs. Floyd McDonnell)

Jackson, Mich.
McDonnell, Floyd

Jackson, Mich.
McGhee, Sam

Resided on St. Antoine St., Detroit,
Mich.
Mcintosh. Matilda
(Mrs. Ronald Mcintosh)

Jackson, Mich.
Mcintosh, Ronald

Jackson, Mich.
Mclntyre, Mary
(Mrs. Harold Franklin)

Ann Arbor, Mich.
McKie, William (Bill)

Trustee, Ford local 600, United Auto
Workers, CIO.

McMahon, Richard

Business Agent, Wayne Co.,
McPhaul, Arthur

Employee, Ford Motor Co., officer In
local 600, United Auto Workers,
CIO.
(Appeared Feb. 27, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership. )
Ma ben

Barber.
Maise, Felix

Employee, Packard Motor Car Co.
Maki, Elinor

(Mrs. William). (See Elinor Laf-
fery Cook.)
Maniken,«Roy

Employee. Hudson Motor Car Co.
Maraniss, Elliot (Ace)
Employee, Detroit Times.

(Appeared Mar. 12, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)

Identified by
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Dave Averill, Mar. 12, 1952.

Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.

Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Dave Averill, Mar. 12, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Dave Averill, Mar. 12, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Shelton Tappes, Mar. 12, 1952.
Casimir Rataj, Mar. 10, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Dave Averill, Mar. 12, 1952.
Shelton Tappes, Mar. 12, 1952.
Shelton Tappes, Mar. 12, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 21

Maraniss, Mary Morrison. (See Mary

Morrison.)
Mardiros, Ruben

Employee, Ford Motor Co., local 600,
UAW-CIO.
(Appeared Mar. 12, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)
Marksian, L.
Martin, Frank
Masee, Dr. J.

Resided on Hastings St., Detroit,
Mich.
Mason, Hodges

Employee, Bohn Aluminum and Brass
Corp.
Mates, Dave

UE (local), understood to have been
chairman of Indiana Communist
Party.
Mates, Lydia

(Mrs. Dave Mates)
Understood to have been cochair-
raan of Indiana Communist
Party.
Maxwell, Matilda

(Mrs. Jesse Parrish).
Miller, Dave

Employee, Cadillac Motor Car Divi-
sion of General Motors Corp.
(Appeared Feb. 26, 1952 ; refused to
affirm or deny Communist Party
membership.)
Miller, Felix

Mitchell, Mabel
Mogill, Billie

(Mrs. George Mogill.)
Mogill, George
Monicelovich, A.
Moore, Dave
Employee, Ford Motor Co.

(Appeared Mar. 12, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)
Morgan, Charles E. (Also known as
••Peoples.")
Employee, Ford Motor Co.; United
Auto Workers, CIO, local 600.
Morrison, Mary

(Mrs. Eliot Maraniss.)
Moskalik, Simon
Employee, Pressed Steel branch, Ford
Motor Co.
Narancich, Roy

Employee, Ford Motor Co., council
member, local 600, United Auto
Workers, CIO.
(Appeared Mar. 12, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)
Nerich

Member, Heywood No. 2 Branch of
the Communist Party.
Newman, Willie

Resided on E. Warren.

Identified by

Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.

Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Dave Averill, Mar. 12, 1952.

Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Dave Averill, Mar. 12, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

22 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Newsorne, George

[Note: In the original release of this
report an individual named Frank
Novak was named as having, been
identified by testimony of Wayne B.
Salisbury. Mr. Novak has denied
membership in the Communist Party,
and in view of the vagueness of the
testimony relating to him, his name
is being deleted.]

Nowak, John

Member, local 155, UAW-CIO

Nowak, Stanley

Formerly State Senator, Hamtramck.
(Appeared Mar. 10, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)

Orsage, Leo T.
Ford Motor Co.

Obriot, Tersil T.

Member, Ford local 600, United Auto
Workers, CIO.
(Appeared Mar. 12, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)
Page, Mary (now Mrs. Mary Davis)
also known as Mary Reed Page ;
Mary Reed; former wife of Fred
Page)
Secretary, Ford local 600, United
Auto Workers, CIO.
Palmer, Opal

Stock clerk, local 600, UAW-CIO.
Palmquist, Carl

Educational director, Fourteenth
Congressional Club of the Commu-
nist Party.
Palmquist, Helen
(Mrs. Carl Palmquist)
Palmquist, Jack (son of Carl Palm-
quist)
Former student, Michigan State Uni-
versity.
Parrish, Mrs. Jesse. (See Matilda Max-
well. )
Parrish, Jesse

Official, Midtown Club, Communist
Party : resided E. Palmer St.
Patrick, Marion Elder

Officer, Fred Douglas Club, Commu-
nist Party.
Pearlstein, Mildred

Communist Party functionary (party
name: Mildred Pierce).
(Appeared Mar. 12, 1952 ; refused to
affirm or deny Communist Party
membership. )
Perry, Louis

Resided on Brush St.
Piazza, Verne (La Verne)

Dentist
Pierce, Mildred. (See Mildred Perl-
stein.)
Pietrowski, Eddie

Auto worker.
Pietrowski, Sally
(Mrs. Eddie Pietrowski)

Identified by
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Casimir Rataj, Mar. 10, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Shelton Tappes, Mar. 12, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Shelton Tappes, Mar. 12, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.

Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury. Feb. 27, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 23

Pitcher, Eva

Saginaw, Mich.
Ploetchl, Leo

Jackson, Mich.
Pollock. Mildred

Formerly in local 155, United Auto
Workers, CIO ; transferred out of
Michigan.
Poison, Bridget

Head of Young Communist League
office of Detroit.
Poison, Ruth

Employee. Bonn Aluminum and Brass
Corp. : local 20S, United Auto Work-
ers, CIO.
Pompquist, Jack Jr.

Employee, Chrysler Corp.
Popescu

National group, Communist Party.
Potter, Tim. (See Timothy Shay.)
Price, Frances

Civil Rights Congress, Detroit.
Purdy, Robert

Auto worker, Dodge Division, Chrys-
ler Corp.
Raskin, Jack

Civil Rights Congress, Detroit.
Raymond, Phil

Pingree St., Detroit, Mich.
Redstone, Reva

Office worker.
Reed, Bob

Circulation manager, Michigan Her-
ald, Muskegon.
Reed, Mary (also known as Mary Reed

Page ; Mary Reed Page Davis ; former

wife of Fred Page; now Mrs. Davis).

(See Mary Page.)
Revis, Otis

Former employee, Briggs Mfg. Co.
Rice, Pat

Employee, Ford Motor Co. ; vice presi-
dent, local 600, United Auto
Workers, CIO.
(Appeared Feb. 28, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)
Rhodes, Oscar

Employee, Briggs Mfg. Co.
Ripken, Hank

Auto worker, Heywood Communist
Party Club.
Ripken, Katherine
Riskin, Irving

Business Agent, UOPWA, Detroit.
Riskin, "Skippy"
(Mrs. Irving Riskin)
Rizzo, Sam

Employee, Ford Motor Co.
Roach, Kenneth

Employee, Ford Motor Co.
Robertson, Harold

Employee, Ford Motor Co.
Rodgers, William A.

Resided on Brush St., Detroit, Mich.

Identified bii
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Shelton Tappes, Mar. 12, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

24 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Rogers, Carl

Employee, Cadillac Motor Car Divi-
sion of General Motors Corp.
Ross, Norman
Ross, Shirley
Saari, John (Whitey)

Employee, Ford Motor Co. ; local 600,
United Auto Workers, CIO.
(Appeared Mar. 12, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)
Sampy, Mills

Midtown Club, Communist Party.
Sanberg, Helen
(Mrs. Jack Sanberg)

Midtown Club, Communist Party.
Sanberg, Jack

Midtown Club, Communist Party.
Sanders, Clarence

Employee, Chrysler Corp.
Sandretto, Aldo
First Congressional Group, Commu-
nist Party.
Savola, Matt

Member, Mine, Mill and Smelter
Workers Union, Iron Wood, Mich.
Schatz, Phil
Communist Party functionary.

Schkurman, Martha
Officer, Fourteenth Congressional
Club, Communist Party.
Schleicher, Milton

Michigan Herald.
Schlicht, Joseph

Concrete business.
Sciverras, Louis

Midtown Club, Communist Party.
Searles, Pfc.
Shapiro

Southfield Club, Communist Party.
Shapiro, Esther
(Mrs. Harold Shapiro)
Shapiro, Harold

Fur and Leather Workers.
Shay, Timothy (Tim) (also known as
Tim Potter)
Formerly resided on Cass Ave., De-
troit, Mich.
Showerman, Glen

Quiney Street, Detroit, Mich.
Showerman, Sue

Officer, auto group, Communist Party.
Siegel, Esther
Officer, Midtown Club, Communist
Party ; resided on Elmhurst Street
Silverberg, Dave

Midtown Club, Communist Party.
Simmons, James M.
Officer, local 600, UAW-CIO; em-
ployee, Ford Motor Co.
(Appeared Mar. 11, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)
Simmons, Steve
Smith, Harold
Fourteenth Congressional District,
Communist Party.

Identified by
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Dave Averill, Mar. 12, 1952.

Richard F. OHair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Richard F. OHair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Richard F. OHair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 28, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard F. OHair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Shelton Tappes, Mar. 12, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 25

Smith. Hope (Mrs. Harold Smith)

Fourteenth Congressional District,
Communist Party.
Sobczak, John

Steward. Fred Douglas Club.
Sorbonya, Julius (also spelled Sobonya)

Auto miscellaneous group of Com-
munist Party.
Sorenson, Ernie

Employee, Hudson Motor Car Co.
Springer (husband of Barbara
Springer)

Formerly employed in post office, De-
troit.
Springer. Barbara

Midtown Club, Communist Party.
Stepanchenko, Frank

Local 600, UAW-CIO.
Stern, Arthur (also known as Yeager)

Midtown Club, Communist Party.
Stern. Barbara (Mrs. Arthur Stern)

Midtown Club, Communist Party.
Swetniek Nick
Sykes, Frank

Lower Eastside, Communist Party.
Toohey, Pat

Organizer, Communist Party, Detroit.

Trees. Daniel

Employee, furniture store.
Turner, Carl

Employee, Spring and Upset Unit,
Ford Motor Co. ; officer, United
Auto Workers, CIO.
(Appeared March 11, 1952 ; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)
Turner. Edward (not identical with
Edward N. Turner who appeared be-
fore committee).
Van Horn. Edith
Employee, Dodge Division, Chrysler
Corp.
Vartainian. Bacrad

Local 600, UAW, CIO ; employee, Ford
Motor Co.
Walker. Gurley (Mrs. James Walker)
Local 205, United Auto Workers, CIO ;
employee, Allen Industries, Inc.
Walker, James

Local 205, United Auto Workers, CIO;
employee, Allen Industries, Inc.
Walters, Charles

Local 155, UAW, CIO
Washington, Bob

First Congressional District, Commu-
nist Party.
Watts. James
Employee, Packard Motor Car Co. ;
formerly at Flint. Mich.
(Appeared March 11, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)

Identified by
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Dave Averill, Mar. 12, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. J.".. 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.

26 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Webb, Ruth

Midtowu Club, Communist Party.
Weinstone

Wellman, Peggy (Mrs. Saul Wellman)
Wellman, Saul

Employee, Briggs Mfg. Co.
Wells, Harold

Chrysler Club, Communist Party.
Whipple, Ida (Mrs. Jess Whipple)

Jackson, Mich.
Whipple, Jess

Jackson, Mich.
White, Jack

Oi'ganizer, Communist Party ; Em-
ployee, Packard Motor Car Co., for-
merly at Flint, Mich.
Widmark, James

Flint, Mich.
Williams, Emma (Mrs. Fred Williams)
Williams, Fred
Employee, Bohn Aluminum and Brass
Corp., member, local 208, UAW,
CIO

(Appeared February 27, 1952; re-
fused to affirm or deny Com-
munist Party membership.)
Williamson, John

National Committee, Communist Po-
litical Association.
Wilson, Barbara

Member, Communist Political Asso-
ciation.
Wilson, Jack (alias for Fred Williams) .
Wilson, Roy 4

Employee, Department of Public Wel-
fare, Detroit ; Young Communist
League member.
Winston, Henry

Communist Party functionary, New
York.
Winter, Carl

Official of District 7, Communist
Party.

Winter, Helen Allison (Mrs. Carl
Winter)

Official of District 7, Communist
Party.
Woodson, Mattie Lee

Employee, District 7 office, Commu-
nist Party, Detroit.
Work, Merle

Communist Party functionary
Wright, Malcolm

Auto Miscellaneous Group, Commu-
nist Party
Yanover, Jules
Musician

(Appeared Mar. 12, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)

Identified by
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Casimir Rataj, Mar. 10, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.

Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.

Shelton Tappes, Mar. 12, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romana, March. 11, 1952.
Dave Averill, Mar. 12, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Walter Scott Dunn, Feb. 26, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Richard F. O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.
Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.

Wayne B. Salisbury, Feb. 27, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Richard O'Hair, Feb. 25, 1952.

4 Dave Averill testified that Roy Wilson, to his knowledge, had broken with the Com-
munist Party.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 27

Identified by
Yanover, Ruth (Mrs. Jules Yanover) Richard F. CTHair, Feb. 25, 1952.

Originally from Milwaukee, Wis.
Yeager, Arthur. (See Arthur Stern.)

Young. Coleman Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

National executive secretary. Na-
tional Negro Labor Council
(Appeared Feb. 28, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)
Young, Marion (Mrs. Coleman Young) Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.
Zahari, Daniel Dave Averill, Mar. 12, 1952.

Employee, Pressed Steel Branch,
Ford Motor Co.
Zarichney. .lack Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Lansing, Mich.
Zenchuck, Olga Bereniece Baldwin, Feb. 29, 1952.

Packinghouse Local Elesio (Lee) Romano, Mar. 11, 1952.

Chicago

The hearings held in Chicago, 111., in September 1952 were only a
partial exposure of evidence of Communist activities uncovered dur-
ing the investigations. As a matter of fact, only the Communist activ-
ities within local 347, United Packinghouse Workers of America
(CIO), and certain locals of the United Electrical, Radio, and Ma-
chine Workers of America (independent) were exposed. However, in
the latter category only several of the top union officials were sub-
penaed. While the committee considered the hearing only a partial
exposure, it was given top priority for attack by the Communist Party.

This attack by the Communist Party should be reviewed closely by
the Congress for it came closer to mob violence and a forceful attack
upon the legislative function of the Congress than any incident in its
history. It started with several hundred Communists and their fol-
lowers forming a picket line in front of the main entrance of the
Federal Building, in which the hearings were held. These pickets,
pursuant to a plan publicly announced by the Communist Party,
carried signs designed to intimidate members of the committee and
witnesses, and stormed the Federal Building itself. Brushing aside
uniformed Federal Building guards, the group made its way to the
second floor where the committee's hearings were in progress. De-
manding admittance to a then already overcrowded courtroom, they
pounded upon the doors, and threatened physical harm to the witness
then testifying. Calling one witness a stool pigeon and shouting state-
ments against the chairman and members of the committee, the demon-
stration continued unhampered for over an hour. These pickets were
led by Dick Criley, who has been identified as leader of the Com-
munist Party's Youth Commission, and Sidney Ordower, a leader of
the Progressive Party.

The hearings forcefully disclosed how the affairs of local 347,
UPWA, have been directed by leaders, who, one after another, are,
or have been, members of the Communist Party. This Communist
leadership, confined mainly to one packing-house local in the Chicago
area, has never been disciplined by the international leadership, and,
as a matter of fact, there are instances where the international, an
affiliate of the CIO, has supported the Communists in control of
local 347.

H. Rept. 2516, 82-2 3

28 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Local 347 has brought pressure upon the Department of State in an
effort to force the Department to issue passports to Communists.
This pressure has been in the form of paid advertisements and personal
contacts with individuals occupying positions important enough to
influence State Department decisions. One of the Communists who
was denied a United States passport is a member of local 347. In
order to proceed behind the iron curtain, this individual filed a fraud-
ulent passport application.

In subpenaing the leaders of the United Electrical, Radio, and
Machine Workers of America in Chicago, the committee again came
face to face with witnesses refusing to answer questions relating to
their Communist affiliations, on the ground of possible self-incrimina-
tion, while these same witnesses have on file non-Communist affidavits
with the National Labor Relations Board.

With respect to the International Harvester Council of the United
Electrical, Radio, and Machine Workers of America, we found local
unions signing up their entire membership as subscribers to Communist
publications, and paying the entire cost of the subscriptions from the
local's treasury. Instances where the locals also paid the salaries of its
members while they attended a Communist school were outlined before
the committee. The investigation conclusively showed a working
arrangement among all the Communist-dominated locals in the
Chicago area to take care of members of the Communist Party.

A Communist fired from one position is immediately hired by one
of the Communist locals, or is placed on the international payroll, or
else he obtains employment in a plant and is almost immediately
elected to an important position.

During the investigation, evidence was obtained of the existence
on the campuses of the University of Chicago and Roosevelt College
of Communist clubs among students, as well as faculty personnel.
Evidence was also obtained with respect to the Communist club of
the University of Chicago and its relationship to the Communist Party.

Other evidence was uncovered during the investigation and wit-
nesses were subpenaed. However, due to the lateness of the congres-
sional year, the subpenas have been canceled and these matters will be
the subject of our continuing investigation. In the meantime, all in-
formation of Communist activities in the Chicago area, as well as in
other industrial areas, should be brought to the committee's attention.

The committee was assisted in the Chicago hearing through the
testimony given by Irving Krane, Lee Lundgren, Roy Thompson,
Alcide T. Kratz, John Edward Cooke, and Donald O. Spencer.

The individuals identified during the hearings in Chicago, 111., as
present or past members of the Communist Party in the Chicago area
are listed below :

Identified as Communist by —

Alexander, Mrs. Annie Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Member, local 347, UPWA.
Allen, Frank Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

International organizer, UE. Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Amato, Pat Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

President, UE local 1150. Irving Krane, Sept 2, 1952.

Atkinson, Flo (Florence Atkinson
Criley, Mrs. Richard Criley; see
Florence Criley)
Avery, James Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Official, local 347, UPWA.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 29

Identified as Communist btj —

Balsis, Joe Alcide T. Kratz, Sept. 3, 1952.

Bartnick, Bruno (or Bartnik) John Edward Cooke, Sept. 3, 1952.

Farm equipment worker, official, FEU
local 108.
Batterson, Warren Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.

Communist Party functionary, Iowa.
Bentzenhoffer, Joe. (See Joseph Bezen-

hoff er. )
Bernard, John T. Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Official, UE District 11.

(Appeared before Committee Sept.
3, 1952, refused to affirm or deny
party membership.)
Beverly, Leon R°y Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Official, local 347, UPWA.

(Appeared Sept. 4-5, 1952, refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Bezenhoffer, Joseph (also known as Joe Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Marlovits)

Official, local 347, UPWA.
Bindman, Aaron Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Official, Longshoremen's Union.
Birch, Jack Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Official. UE local 1119. - . --„.■

Brown. Edward (also known as Ed Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 19o2.

Star) John Edward Cooke, Sept. 3, 1952.
Secretary, Communist Party of Illi-

Brown^Thomas, Jr. Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Member, UE.
Burns, Milton L,ee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

International representative, UE. T „ „-_„

Carle, Tillie (Mrs. Frank Rogers) ^ Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Officer, Civil Rights Congress, Chi-
cago

Carter, Rachael -John Edward Cooke Sept 3 1952.

Casaro, Mary Alcide T. Kratz, Sept. 3, 1952.

Second vice president, local 107, FEU. in __

Childs, Morris Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.

Organizing director, Communist

Party, Illinois. . . ., _ „ . „ . _ 1f ._

Clemmons Alcide T. Kratz, Sept. 3, 1952.

Executive board, local 107, FEU. n _, . . .,„_„

Cole, Dorothy R °y Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Candidate for Congress, Ninth Con-
gressional District, Illinois, Pro-
gressive Party.
Cornelius, Eugene R(, y Thompson, Sept. 4, 19o2.

Chief steward. Cold Pork Division,

local 347, UPWA. n

Criley, Florence (Mrs. Richard Criley, Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

nee Flo Atkinson) Ir ving Krane, Sept. 2, 19o2.

Official UE, local 1150. , 1Q __

Criley. Richard Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Official, Communist Party, State of

Illinois. _ „

Curry, Samuel Rov Thompson, Sept. 4, 19o2.

Representative of UPWA.

(Appeared Sept. 4, 1952, refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship. )
Cutno, James Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Chief steward. Hot Pork Division, lo-
cal 347, UPWA.

30 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Davenport, Sidney

Inside guard, local 347, UPWA.
Davis Pete

Member, local 347, UPWA.
Dawkins, James (Jim)

Official, UE local 1150.
Dennis, Joe

Member, local 347, UPWA.
Dunson, Perry

Chief steward, Wool Division, local
347, UPWA.
Dutner, Fred

Organizer, UE.
Ellis, Hilliard

Official, local 453, UAW, CIO.
Engelstein, David

Official, Communist Party, Illinois;
instructor, Communist Party
school.
Erickson, Jean (nee Jean Horn)
Feinglass, Abe

Officer, Fur and Leather Workers
Union.
Fielde, Jerry (Gerald)

Former secretary-treasurer, FE-UE.
Fine, Fred

Labor section, Communist Party, Il-
linois.
Fisher, Harold
Freed, Harry

Official, UE local 1119.
Frisbie. Alvin

Member, FEU local 108.
Gardner, Bill

Member, local 150, FE-CIO.
Glicker, Lottie

Member, UE.
Gorgolinski, Ned

Vice president, UE local 1150.
Gray, Hazel

Member, local 10S, FEU.
Gray, John

Instructor Communist Party school.
Green, Gil

Communist Party functionary.

Identified as Communist by-
Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.
Irving Krane, Sept. 2, 1952.
Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.
Irving Krane, Sept. 2, 1952.
Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Alcide T. Kratz, Sept. 3, 1952.
Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.
Irving Krane, Sept. 2, 1952.

Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.
Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

John Edward Cooke, Sept. 3, 1952.

Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.
Irving Krane, Sept. 2, 1952.
John Edward Cooke, Sept. 3, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.
Irving Krane, Sept. 2, 1952.
John Edward Cooke, Sept. 3, 1952.
Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.
Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.
Irving Krane, Sept. 2, 1952.
Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.

Green, George

Former vice president, local 347,
UPWA.
Gudinas, Julia

Official, UE local 1150.
Gustofson, Gus

Official, local 150, FE.
Hall, Catherine (Kate) (Mrs. John Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952
Watkins)

Employed district office, FE-CIO,
Rock Island.
Hall, Florence (Flo)
Employee, Stewart-Warner ; official,
Communist Party, Illinois.
Hammersmark, Sam
Operates Modern Bookstore, Chi-
cago ; Communist Party function-
ary.
Handele, Arthur. ( See Arthur Hendle. )

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.
Irving Krane, Sept. 2, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 31

Harris, Lem

Instructor, Communist Party school.
Hassen, Peter

Member, Great Lakes Forge, local
FEU.
Hayes, Charley

Believed an employee of the Wilson
plant.
Hendle, Arthur
Herman, Irving

Communist Party functionary.
Hillyer. Dorothy
Horn, Annette

UPWA.
Horn, Jean. (See Jean Erickson.)
Howell, Willie

Member, local 347, UPWA.
Huff. Beatrice (Mrs. Pope Huff)

Member, FEU, local 108.
Huff, Pope

Official, FEU, local 108.
Johnson, Levi

Member, local 347, UPWA.
Jones, Hazel

Member, local 150, FE-CIO.
Karpa, Mike

Official, UE, and member, UE local
1119.
Katzen, Leon

Communist Party functionary and
staff member, UE.
Keller, Jim

Communist Party organizer.
Killinger, Charles

Field representative, Farm Equip-
ment Union.
Koss, Anthony

Financial secretary-treasurer, local
1150.
Kramer, Yield
Krantzler, Melvin

Official UE, district 11.
Krantzler, Milt
Kruse. Theo (female)
Kushner, Sam

Communist Party organizer, official,
UE local 1119.
LaMaux, Ina

Official, UE.
Lassiter, Charles
Lawson, Charles

Member, local 101, FEU.
Leddel, Olaf

Watchmaker.
Levitova, Ruth

Official. UE local 1150.
Levine, Murray

Employed, Birtman Electric.
Levine. Sarah (Mrs. Murray Levine)
Lewis, Mrs. Patricia
Lightfoot, Claude

Communist Party functionary.
Lofgren, Raynal (Ray)

Member UE.
Lucas, Bernard

Official, Longshoremen's Union.

Identified as Communist by-
Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Alcide T. Kratz, Sept. 3, 1952.

Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.
Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.
Alcide T. Kratz, Sept. 3, 1952.

Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.
John Edward Cooke, Sept. 3, 1952.
John Edward Cooke, Sept. 3, 1952.
Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.
Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.
Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.
Alcide T. Kratz, Sept. 3, 1952.

Irving Krane, Sept. 2, 1952.

John Edward Cooke, Sept. 3, 1952.
Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Irving Krane, Sept. 2, 1952.
Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.
Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.
Irving Krane, Sept. 2, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

John Edward Cooke, Sept. 3, 1952.
Alcide T. Kratz, Sept. 3, 1952.
John Edward Cooke, Sept. 3, 1952.
Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.

Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.
Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.
Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.
Irving Krane, Sept. 2, 1952.
Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

32 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Identified as Communist by —
Luke, Randolph Roy Thompson, Sept 4, 1952.

Official, local 347, UPWA.
McHale, Jerry Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.

Organizer, FE-CIO.
Manning, George Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Executive Board, local 347, UPWA.
March, Herbert (born Herbert Fink) Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.
Organizer, local 347, UPWA, Com- Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.
munist Party functionary.
(Appeared Sept. 5, 1952; refused to
affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Marlovits, Joe. (See Joseph Bezenhof-

fer.)
Matusek, Anthony (Tony) John Edward Cooke, Sept. 3, 1952.

Official, local 108, FEU.
Meihs, Henry Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Field representative, UE local 1114.
Milkovitch, John Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.

Employed East Moline branch, Inter-
national Harvester.
Moore, Fred John Edward Cooke, Sept. 3, 1952.

Member, FEU local 108.
Oakes, Grant Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.

Obitz, Jessie ( Mrs. ) Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Chief steward, Morris division, local
347, UPWA.
O'Rear, Les (not certain of spelling) Roy Thompson. Sept. 4, 1952.

Staff member, national office UPWA.
Parks, Sam Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Employed Wilson plant.

(Appeared Sept. 4, 1952; refused to
affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Patterson, William L. Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Communist Party functionary. John Edward Cooke, Sept. 3, 1952.

Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.
Penkovosky, Mollie Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Counselor, Welfare Department, lo-
cal 347. UPWA.
Pentacost, Joseph John Edward Cooke, Sept. 3, 1952.

Official, FEU local 108.
Perez, Jesse Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Sergeant at arms, local 347, UPWA.
Persley, Wilma (nee Wilma Horn) Abide T. Kratz, Sept. 3, 1952.

Peterson Alcide T. Kratz, Sept. 3, 1952.

Emploved, Tractor Works, local 101,
FEU.
Poskonka, Joe Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Member, local 347, UPWA.
Rhodes, Art Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Member, UE.
Rogalski, Walter (Wallie) Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Vice president, UE, local 1150. Irving Krane, Sept. 2, 1952.

Rogers, Mrs. Frank. ( See Tillie Carle. )
Rossi, Andrew Alcide T. Kratz, Sept. 3, 1952.

Official, FEU. local 107.
Schmies, John Alcide T. Kratz. Sept. 3, 1952.

Donald O. Spencer, Sept 3, 1952.
Schoenfeld, Edwin John Edward Cooke, Sept. 3, 1952.

Educational director, FEU.
Scott, Robert Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Member. UE local 1150.
Sentner, William Lee Lundsren. Sept. 2. 1952.

Communist Party functionary ; at one
time with Chicago Star.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 33

Shanta. Ceorge

President, local 107, FEU.
Sheehan, William J.

International representative, UE.
Smith, Adam

Vice president, UE local 1119.
Smith, Alice

Official. UE District Council No. 11.
Smith. Willie Mae

Official. UE local 1150.
Soso, Pasco

Official, UE local 1114.
Star, Ed (also known as Edward

Brown). (Sec Edward Brown.)
Starobin. Joseph

Foreign editor — Daily Worker.
Stempel, Walter

Member, UE.
Stern, Joe
Stoecker, Clarence

Financial secretary, local 10S, FEU.
Talley, Luther

Agent, Progressive Union Painters,
Chicago.

Former official, local 164, UAW, CIO.
Teeple, Bay

Secretary Communist Party, Quad
City area, Iowa.
Terry, Ben

Sergeant at arms, local 347, UPWA.
Thomas, Lane

Member, local 347, UPWA.
Tiegland, Donald

Employed East Moline branch, Inter-
national Harvester.
Travis, Robert
Tribbite, LeRoy

Recording secretary, local 107, FEU.
Turner, Leo

Member, UPWA, formerly member
UE.
Van Norstrand, Joe

Field representative Farm Equip-
ment Union.
Verri, Bettv (Mrs. Al Verri)

Member, UE.
Wagenknecht, Alfred

Top official, Communist Party of
Illinois.
Washington, Symanthia, Mrs.

Member, local 347, UPWA.
Watkins, John

District vice president, FE.
Watkins, Mrs. John. (See Catherine

Hall.)
Weiss, Max

Communist Party functionary.
Wheelock, Rex

Official, UE, Quad City district.
White, Booker

Official, FEU, local 108.
Wilson, John

Employed Red Jacket Pump Co., Dav-
enport, Iowa.

Identified as Communist by —
Alcide T. Kratz, Sept. 3, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1052.

Lee Lundgren. Sept. 2, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.
Irving Krane, Sept. 2, 1952.
Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, L952.

Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.
John Edward Cooke, Sept. 3, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2. 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.
Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.

Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.
Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.
Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.

Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.
Alcide T. Kratz, Sept. 3, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Alcide T. Kratz, Sept. 3, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.
Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.

Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.
Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.

Lee Lundgren, Sept. 2, 1952.
Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.
John Edward Cooke, Sept. 3, 1952.
Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.

34 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Identified as Communist by —
Wilson, Mabel (Mrs. John Wilson) Donald O. Spencer, Sept. 3, 1952.

Secretary treasurer, Communist
Party, Quad City area, Iowa.
Wood, Thomas Roy Thompson, Sept. 4, 1952.

Chief steward, local 347, UPWA.
Zarniack, Grace Alcide T. Kratz, Sept. 3, 1952.

Secretary, Roseland Branch, Com-
munist Party.

Philadelphia, Pa.

Continuing the investigation of Communist infiltration into basic
industries, the committee held hearings in another concentrated indus-
trial section of the country, Philadelphia. Within this area are
located many primary industries, RCA, Westinghouse, and GE, as
well as many so-called secondary industries such as tool and die works
which supply the tools and dies essential for the continuing defense
of our country.

During these hearings, the committee took testimony relating to the
Communist control of Local 155, UE, which services approximately 30
of the above-mentioned type shops. Mr. Thomas F. Delaney, in his
testimony, revealed that, from the time he joined local 155 in 1941
until he severed all connections with the Communist Party and local
155 in May of this year, all major resolutions, elections, and disburse-
ment of funds were engineered and sponsored by members of the Com-
munist Party. Today, those who control the affairs of the union are
Dave Davis, admitted member of the Communist Party, and Max
Helfand, who refused to answer all questions relating to membership
in the Communist Party, both of whom are currently employed as
organizers for the local. Mr. Delaney testified that if he had not been
a member of the Communist Party he would never have secured his
position as organizer with the local, a position which he held from
1942 through May 1952, nor would he have been elected as representa-
tive of district 1, which includes eastern Pennsylvania, south New
Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and part of Virginia, on the national
general executive board of UE, one of the unions belatedly expelled
from the CIO for being Communist controlled and dominated.

In connection with his stewardship as a Communist Party labor offi-
cial, Mr. Delaney attended a secret party school in New York in 1946
to which like labor leaders throughout the United States were invited
to receive instruction in Communist Party doctrine. This school was
attended by approximately 30 or 40 individuals. The degree of se-
crecy maintained by the party concerning this school can best be illus-
trated by the fact that Mr. Delaney was instructed to assume a ficti-
tious name during his attendance and, under no circumstances, was he
to communicate the purpose of his absence from Philadelphia or make
known his whereabouts while attending this school.

Mr. Delaney further testified that, prior to all meetings of this body
which was the national governing body of UE, he would be contacted
b} T known members of the Communist Party; i. e., Joe Kuzma, trade-
union secretary of the eastern district of Pennsylvania, or Walter
Berry, international representative of UE, and advised of the plans
and proposals of the party which would be introduced and which he
would support at the forthcoming board meeting. In his testimony,

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 35

Mr. Delaney repeated again the often-heard method of control which
a group of organized members of the Communist Party, numbering
seldom more than 25 or 30, can exercise over a union of 3,000 or more
members; how, prior to each scheduled union meeting, the Communist
Party would hold a caucus of its members, also members of the union,
and assign tasks to be performed by them in the open union meeting;
tasks such as the selection of the individuals to introduce the resolu-
tions, to second them, to speak for the passage of the proposals, and to
denounce as red baiters and Fascists all those in opposition to these
proposals.

Mr. Delaney testified that it was one of the primary functions of all
Communist Party members in influential positions in unions such
as Local 155, UE, to be instrumental in securing places in light industry
shops where an inexperienced Communist Party member, without
prior industrial training, might obtain valuable experience without
any questions asked as to his background or loyalty. This experience,
in turn, could be used successfully by the Communist Party member
when he or she made application for transfer to a heavy industry.
Mr. Delaney testified that he was instrumental in securing such posi-
tions for Lauren Taylor and Harold Allen in one of the shops serviced
by local 155. Taylor and Allen later transferred to Baldwin Loco-
motive and Bethlehem Steel, respectively.

The committee has for many years conducted a continuing investi-
gation into the so-called Communist underground in the United States,
as a result of which much testimony has been taken, evaluated, and
published for all to examine and form their own opinion as to the
threat to our cherished liberty presented by this nefarious segment of
the Communist Party. Adding to this knowledge of the underground
section of the Communist Party, the committee took the testimony
of Samuel J. DiMaria, who was one of the principal organizers
of the underground section of the Communist Party in Philadelphia.
Testifying as to the method used in educating and instructing mem-
bers of this underground apparatus, Mr. DiMaria related that he was
informed by Phil Bart in late 1947 to begin to outwardly sever all
connections with the open Communist Party in Philadelphia and con-
centrate all of his time and efforts upon the study of Marxist doctrine
and the methods by which the underground apparatus had functioned
successfully in Greece, France, and other countries. Sometime during
the early part of 1948, he was again contacted by Phil Bart and told
that his period of study was over and that he should next report to
Abe Sokolov and Joe Kuzma for his future assignment in the under-
ground apparatus in Philadelphia. Both Sokolov and Kuzma, long-
time members of the Communist Party, were among the first to be
selected by Phil Bart and Russ Nixon of the International UE staff to
be the principal participants in the underground work. His primary
function was that of liaison man between Sokolov and the other indi-
viduals in the apparatus, Joe Kuzma, Jack Mondress, and Mike
Fersick.

While serving in this capacity, Mr. DiMaria was entrusted with
various sums of money by Sokolov which was to be used in organizing
work and for any other expenses incurred by the underground mem-
bers. This money was kept in a safety deposit box secured for this
purpose by him in his capacity as a union organizer and paid for by

36 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Communist Party funds. Mr. DiMaria testified that it was the pur-
pose of the underground section of the Communist Party in Philadel-
phia to remain unknown and unidentified until such time as the Com-
munist Party of the United States was declared illegal. If this hap-
pened or does happen, the underground organization of the party is
to assume leadership in organizing and solidifying Communist Party
operations.

For a better understanding of the true aims and purposes of the
underground apparatus of the Communist Party in the United States
today, we take the liberty of quoting directly from the testimony of
Mr. DiMaria on this point :

However, in the spring of 1951 * * * I was informed by Mr. Sokolov that
there had been consideration of this group's activity in the event of hostilities
between the United States and the Soviet Union. I was informed that in that
event leaflets should be distributed advising the American people that such
a war was opposed to the best national interests of the American people.

I was informed, further, that the Communist Party believed that should such
a war come to be — which I certainly hope does not and I believe that everybody
in this room certainly hopes does not — the authorities would apprehend all known
Communists ; and, therefore, those Communists who were not apprehended were
to be organized in a group for the carrying out of such opposition to the general
warfare.

In addition, it was pointed out to me that this group might be called upon to
hinder tbe war effort of the United States, especially in the trade-union move-
ment, by slowdowns, strikes, or whatever may be.

It should be pointed out that both Mr. Delaney and Mr. DiMaria
have left the Communist Party and have severed all connection with it.

The individuals identified as members of the Communist Party by
Thomas F. Delaney and Samuel DiMaria in the Philadelphia hearings

are as follows :

Identified as Communist by —

Abercauph, Jules Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.

Jeweler; on district committee, Com-
munist Party of America.
(Appeared Oct. 14, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship. )
Allen, Harold Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Employee, Bethlehem Steel, Bethle-
hem, Pa., member, UE local 155.
Barry, Walter Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Former International Representative
UE ; now works for March of Labor
Magazine.
Bart, Philip Abraham Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

District organizer Communist Party ; Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.
general manager and editor of
Daily Worker, New York City.
Cestare, Frank Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Antique dealer. Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.

Darcy, Sam Adams Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Furniture dealer, West Philadelphia :
district organizer Communist Party,
Philadelphia.
Davis, Dave Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Organizer, 155, UE Local. Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.

(Appeared Oct. 13, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship. )

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 37

Identified as Communist by —
DeFazio. Tom Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Employed National Metal-Edge Box
Co.; member Local 155, UE.
Delano, Dan Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.

District committee, Communist Party
of America ; member National Mar-
itime Union ; now believed to reside

in New York. ^ , _ . ._ „__

DeMarco, Helen Thomas Delaney, Oct. Id, 1952.

Former secretary to David Davis. _ ,, . n ^ ._ .,.__

Devine, Jack Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.

Advertising business, Philadelphia. .

Donchin, Sam (also known as Sam Thomas Delaney, Oct 13 19o2.
Don) Samuel DiMaria, Oct. lo, 19o2.

District committee, Communist Party
of America ; trade-union committee,
Communist Party of America; dis-
trict organizer, Communist Party,

Philadelphia area. _ ,, . ~ . -- ,r»Ko

Dougher, Joe Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.

Instructor, Workers School, Philadel-
phia, 1940. „_ ,__
Eddy. Red (J. G.) Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 19o2.

District committee, Communist Party
of America ; candidate for Con-
gress, Tenth Congressional District,
1940, Pennsylvania.
Ellis, John Kelly (also known as John Thomas Delaney, Oct. Id, Uo2.
Joseph Ellis)
Carpenter.

( Appeared Oct. 14, 1952 ; refused to
affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Fast. Howard Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 19o2.

Author and writer, New York City.
Fersick, Mike Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Salesman, Ford Agency, Broad and Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15. 1952.
Alleghany.
(Appeared Oct. 16, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Frankfeld, Philip Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Organizer Communist Party, Phila-
delphia and Baltimore.
Gannett, Betty Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 19o2.

National Committee, Communist
Party.
Gates, Mike Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15. 1952.

Instructor, Workers School, Philadel-
phia, 1940.
Geiselman, Cea (Lucia) (sister of Paul ; Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.
Mrs. Joe Kres).
Cleveland, Ohio.
Geiselman, Paul, Jr. Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.

California.
Glick, Ralph Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.

Instructor, Workers School, Phila- Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.
delphia ; Communist Party func-
tionary.
Goff, Irving Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Communist Party district representa-
tive. New York.
Green, Gilbert Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.

High Communist Party functionary.

38 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Identified as Communist by —
Helf and, Max ( also known as Mac Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.
Harris)
Organizer, Local 155, UE.

(Appeared Oct. 13 and 14, 1952;
refused to affirm or deny party
membership. )

Heller, Otty Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.

Director, Workers School, Philadel-
phia, 1940; now in California.
Kaplan, Louis L. Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Organizer UE, Local 155.
Kaplan, Samuel Meyer Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Teacher, Overbrook High School.
Klonsky, Bob Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Paid functionary of Communist Party
in eastern Pennsylvania district.
Koczyalka, Louise (also known as Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.
Louise Koszalka)
Employed at Eby Co.
Kuzma, Joseph Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Paid functionary for Communist Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.
Party, eastern Pennsylvania dis-
trict ; member Communist under-
ground.
Levy, Sid Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Member, Local 155, UE ; employed
Wiedemann Machine Shop.
Lowenfels, Walter Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.

Writer; editor Pennsylvania Daily
Worker newspaper; district com-
mitteeman, Communist Party.
McCann, Joseph Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Organizer Local 155, UE.
Mondress, Jack Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.

Laundry truck driver, active in Team-
sters' Union.
Morrell, Bob Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

District committee, Communist Party Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.
of America.
Morrell, Mary Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

(Mrs. Robert Morrell) Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.

District committee, Communist Party
of America.
Nabried, Tom Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

City committee of Communist Party, Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.
Philadelphia.
Nixon, Russell Arthur Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.

UE legislative director.
Parris, Nina Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Employee of the Hugh H. Eby Co.
Price, Eleanor (also known as Eleanor Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.
Felsenstein)
Employee of the Hugh H. Eby Co.
Reams, Joseph Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Instructor at Communist Party na-
tional training school, Camp Bea-
con, N. Y.
Rochester, Sterling Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.

Employee A. J. Workman & Co. ; Fur
and Lpather Workers Union.
(Appeared Oct. 16, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Saba, Philip Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Organizer Local 155, UE.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 39

Identified as Communist by —
Sehneiderinan, Jessie Samuel DiMaria. Oct. 15, 1952.

District committee, Communist Party
of America.
Scott, Ernest Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Employed at Eby Co.
Sherrington, Wilford Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Employed Eby Co.
Siskin, George Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Instructor at Communist Party na-
tional training school, Camp Bea-
con, N. Y.
Slinger, Dan Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.

Chairman, Wilmington, Del., branch
of Communist Party in 1942.
Smith, Norman Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Former member Local 107 UE-West-
inghouse.
Snyder, Matt Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Former member Local 107 UE-West-
inghouse.
Sokolov, Abe (also known as Solway, Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.
Abe)
Owner Frankfort Quilt & Bedding Co.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

(Appeared Oct. 15, 1952 ; refused to
affirm or deny party member-
ship. )
Spencer, Charles Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.

Paid Communist Party functionary.
Spiller, Ethel Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Employed Local 155, UE.
Stachel, Jack Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Instructor Communist Party national
training school, Camp Beacon, N. Y.
Storey, Arthur Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Employee of the Hugh H. Eby Co.
Strong, Ed Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

District Organizer, Communist Party.
Taylor. Lauren Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Employee, Baldwin Locomotive.
Thomas, Ben Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Member, Local 155, UE.
Tisa, John

Organizer, Distributive Processing
and Office Workers of America.
(Appeared Oct. 14, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Williamson, John Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.

National trade-union secretary, Com-
munist Party.
Wood. Norris, Jr. Thomas Delaney, Oct. 13, 1952.

Instructor, Workers School, Phila-
delphia.
Wood, Norris, Sr. Samuel DiMaria, Oct. 15, 1952.

Instructor, Workers School, Phila-
delphia, 1940.
Zucker, Jack S.

Executive secretary, Civil Rights
Congress.
' Appeared Oct. 14, 1952 ; refused to
affirm or deny party member-
ship. )

40 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

COMMUNIST INFILTRATION OF HOLLYWOOD MOTION-
PICTURE INDUSTRY

The committee originally instituted an investigation to ascertain
the scope and success of Communist efforts to infiltrate the motion-
picture industry in 1945. As the result of this early investigation,
hearings were held in 1947, at which time the committee subpenaed
10 persons associated with the industry who had been identified as
members of the Communist Party. At that time these 10 persons
refused to answer all questions concerning their Communist associa-
tions, as a result of which they were cited for contempt of Congress,
and all received and served jail sentences.

From that time until 1951, the committee had carefully investigated
all aspects of Communist efforts to infiltrate the motion-picture in-
dustry, and in 1951 hearings were resumed. At that time, the com-
mittee experienced much fuller cooperation and assistance from indi-
viduals in and associated with the motion-picture industry. As a
result, the committee ascertained that the Communist efforts to in-
filtrate this industry had been a full-scale and carefully planned opera-
tion and that the Communist Party had been successful in recruiting
individuals in important and strategic positions in almost all phases
of motion-picture production. Had these Communist efforts gone
unexposed, it is almost inevitable that the content of motion pictures
would have been influenced and slanted and become a medium for
Communist propaganda.

As a result of the many revelations from persons who had recognized
the traitorous nature of the Communist Party, the committee de-
veloped much more information concerning communism in the motion-
picture industry which resulted in additional hearings during the
past year. The committee wishes to urge that all fields of entertain-
ment and culture maintain a steadfast vigilance in order to avoid the
possibility of further Communist infiltration into them.

There follows a listing of those individuals who, through the
knowledge gained during their own past membership in the Com-
munist Party, have been of invaluable assistance to the committee
and the American people in supplying facts relating to Communist
efforts and success in infiltrating the motion-picture industry.

Date of appearance

Bassman, George Jan. 28, 1952.

Beck, George Sept. 25, 1951.

Berkeley, Martin Sept. 19, 1951.

Bridges, Lloyd Oct. 22, 1951. (Bridges furnished an

executive sworn statement, testify-
ing fully as to his former Communist
Party membership. It has not been
made public.)

Collins, Richard Apr. 12, 1951.

Dmytryk, Edward Apr. 25, 1951.

Ettinger, Eve Sept. 10, 1951.

Fleury, Bernyce Polifka (Mrs. Eugene Sept. 24, 1951.
Fleury)

Fleury, Eugene Sept. 10, 1951.

Frank, Anne Ray (Mrs. Melvin Frank) Sept. 10, 1951.

Hayden, Sterling (legal name: John Mar. 21, 1951.
Hamilton)

Huggins, Roy Sept. 29, 1952.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 41

Date of appearance

Jauney, Leon Feb. 13, 1952. (Janney appeared in

executive session and testified fully
as to his former membership in the
Communist Party. It has not been
made public.)

Kazan, Elia Apr. 10. 1952.

Keating, Fred July 19, 1951. (Keating appeared in

executive session and testified fully
as to his former membership in the
Communist Party. It has not been
made public.)

Lawrence, Marc Apr. 24, 1951.

Lennart, Isobel May 20, 1952.

Levy, Melvin Jan. 28, 1952.

Marion, Paul Oct. 2, 1952.

Odets, Clifford May 19-20, 1952.

Parks, Larry Mar. 21, 1951.

Raksin, David Sept. 20, 1951.

Roberts, Stanley May 20, 1952.

Rosenberg, Meta Reis Apr. 13, 1951.

Schoenfeld, Bernard C Aug. 19, 1952.

Schulberg, Budd Wilson May 23. 1951.

Townsend, Leo Sept. 18, 1951.

Tuttle, Frank Wright May 24, 1951.

Vinson, Owen Oct. 2, 1952.

Wilson, Elizabeth (Mrs. Richard Wil- Sept. 21, 1951.
son ; nee Anderson )

The following persons have been identified as present or past mem-
bers of the Communist Party. Many of these persons having the
opportunity that all persons named before the committee have ap-
peared before the committee and have refused to affirm or deny the
statements made concerning their membership in the Communist
Party. "Where there is identifying information concerning the indi-
viduals listed, it does not necessarily indicate the individual's present
position or occupation but indicates the identification as made by the
witness.

There may occur instances in which individuals so identified have a
name similar to persons innocent of any Communist connections. In
such instances the committee will gladly correct any misunderstanding
upon notification.

Identified as Communist by —
Albert, Sam Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Musician.
Alexander, Harmon (Hy) Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.

Radio writer. Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.

(Appeared Oct. 6, 1952, and re-
fused to affirm or deny Commu-
nist Party membership.)
Altman, Mischa David Raksin, Sept. 20, 1951.

Musician.
Ames, Robert Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Craft worker, movie industry.
Amster, Lou Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Writer. Urcel Daniel, July 8, 1952.

Appelbaum, Max. (See Matt Pellman.)
Appelman, Max. (See Matt Pellman.)

Arden, Betty Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Babb, Sonora Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Writer. George Bassman, Jan. 28, 1952.

42 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Backus, Georgia (Mrs. Hy Alexander)
Actress.

(Appeared Sept. 19, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny Commu-
nist Party membership.)
Barrie, Lee

Singer.
Barzman, Ben
Writer.

Barzman, Norma (Mrs. Ben Barzman)

Bassman, Kay (formerly Mrs. George

Bassman )
Becker, Leon

Musician.
Bein, Albert

Writer.
Bela, Nicholas

Writer.

Bengal, Ben

Writer.
Benson, Sidney (also known as Ted
Wellman )
Communist Party functionary.
Bercovici, Leonardo
Writer.

(Appeared May 16, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Berry, John (Jack)
Director.

Bessie, Alvah
Writer.

(Appeared Oct. 28, 1947, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Biberman, Edward
Artist.

Biberman, Mrs. Edward.

(See Sonja Dahl.)
Biberman, Gale.

(See Gale Sondergaard.)
Biberman, Herbert
Director.

(Appeared Oct. 29, 1947, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)

Blache, Herbert

Actor.
BlaeheVMrs. Herbert.

Identified as Communist by-
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.
Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.

Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.

Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.
Roy Huggins, Sept. 29, 1952.
George Glass, Jan. 21, 1952.
Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Roy Huggins, Sept. 29, 1952.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
George Bassman, Jan. 28, 1952.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1851.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Eve Ettinger, Sept. 10, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.

Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Elia Kazan, Apr. 10, 1952.
Clifford Odets. May 19, 1952.
Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.
Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.

Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.
Bernard Schoenfeld, Aug. 19, 1952.
Edward Dmytryk, April 25, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
William Blowitz, Sept. 20, 1951.
Isobel Lennart, May 20, 1952.
Meta Reis Rosenberg, Apr. 13, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.

Meta Reis Rosenberg, Apr. 13, 1951.
Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.
Budd Schulberg, May 23, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
David Raksin, Sept. 20, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Isobel Lennart, May 20, 1952.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.
Bernard Schoenfeld, Aug. 19, 1952.
Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.

Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.

ANNUAL REPORT. COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 43

Blankfort, Henry
Writer.

(Appeared Sept. 18, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Blankfort, Lorry.
Boretz, Allen

Writer.
Brand. Phoebe
(Mrs. Morris Carnovsky)

Actress.

Bright, John

Writer.

Bright, Josephine (Mrs. John Bright).
Bromberg, Goldie (Mrs. J. Edward

Bromberg. )
Brown, F.

Communist Party functionary.
Buchman, Beatrice (Mrs. Sidney Buch-

man.)
Buchman, Harold
Writer

(Appeared Apr. 17, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Buchman, Sidney
Writer, producer.

(Appeared Sept. 25, 1951. He was
later subpenaed to appear again
before the committee on Jan. 25
and 28, 1952, and in both in-
stances failed to respond to the
subpenas. As a result. Sidney
Buchman is under indictment
for contempt of Congress.)
Burns, Jessie
Studio reader

Burrows, Abe
Writer

(Appeared Nov. 12, 1952 ; testimony
was vague as to Communist
Party membership and is still
under investigation. )
Burton, Yal
Butler, Hugo
Writer.

Butler, Jean (Mrs. Hugo Butler)

Writer.
Campbell, Mrs. Alan. (See Dorothy

Parker. )
Carlisle, Harry

Writer.

Carnovsky, Morris
Actor.

(Appeared Apr. 24, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Carnovsky, Mrs. Morris. (See Phoebe
Brand.)

H. Rept. 2516, 82-2 i

Identified as Communist by —
Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Isobel Lennart, May 20, 1952.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Eliz Kazan, Apr. 10, 1952.
Clifford Odets, May 19, 1952.
Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.
Frank Tuttle. May 24, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Budd Schulberg, May 23, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
.Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Max Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.
Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Anne Ray Frank, Sept. 10, 1951.

Martin Berkeley. Sept. 19. 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson. Sept. 21, 1951.
Isobel Lennart, May 20, 1952.
Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.

Roy Huggins, Sept. 29, 1952.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.
Bernard Schoenfeld, Aug. 19, 1952.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.

Budd Schulberg, May 23, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Roy Huggins, Sept. 29, 1952.
Marc Lawrence, Apr. 24, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.
Elia Kazan, Apr. 10, 1952.

44 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Chamberlin, Howland
Actor.

(Appeared Sept. 18, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Chapman, Tom

Studio reader.
Chodorov, Edward

Producer.
Chodorov, Jerome

Writer.
Clark, Maurice

Cole, Lester
Writer.

(Appeared Oct. 30, 1947, and re-
fused to affirm or deny Commu-
nist Party membership.)

Cole, Mrs. Lester
Comingore, Dorothy
Actress.

(Appeared Oct. 6, 1952, and re-
fused to affirm or deny Commu-
nist Party membership.)
Corey, George

Writer.

Corey, Jeff

Actor.

(Appeared Sept. 21, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny Commu-
nist Party membership.)
Crutcher, Norval

Organizer, Technicians local, IATSE.
Dahl, Sonja (Mrs. Edward Biberman).

D'Ambarey, Bob
D'Ambarey, Leona
Studio secretary.
Dana, Ambur. (See Mrs. Ambur Salt.)
Dare, Danny

Theatrical producer.

(Appeared as witness on Sept. 27,
1951, and denied he had ever
been a member of Communist
Party. This matter is still under
investigation by the committee.)
DaSilva, Howard
Actor.

(Appeared Mar. 21, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Dassin, Julius (Jules)

Director.
Davidson, Ellen

Housewife ; ex-actress.
Dimsdale, Howard
Writer.

Identified as Communist by —
(Investigation identifying Mr. Cham-
berlin as a member of the Communist
Party has not been made public.)

Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 195L

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.
Meta Reis Rosenberg, Apr. 13, 1951.
Marc Lawrence, Apr. 24, 1951.
Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25. 1951.
Budd Schulberg, May 23, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
William Blowitz, Sept. 20, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Melvin Levy, Jan. 28, 1952.
Isobel Lennart, May 20, 1952.
William Blowitz, Sept. 20, 1951.
Max Silver, Jan. 23, 1952.

Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.

Marc Lawrence, Apr. 24, 1951.
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 45

Donath, Hannah Schwartz
(Mrs Ludwig Donath)

(Appeared Sept. 12, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Dratler, Irving. (See Alvin Hammer.)
Dreher, Carl

Engineer ; technician.
D'Usseau, Arnaud

Writer.
D'Usseau, Susan (Mrs. Arnaud D'Us-
seau)
Edgley, Leslie

Edmond, Sue (See Sue Lawson.)
Elisku, Edward

Writer.
Ellis, Dave

Radio actor and writer.

(Appeared Oct. 6, 1952 and refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Endfield, Cyril

Writer ; director.
Endore, Guy

Writer.
Faragoh, Elizabeth (Mrs. Francis

Faragoh)
Faragoh, Francis
Writer.

Farmer, Mary Virginia
Actress.

(Appeared Sept. 21, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in Communist Party.)
Finn, Pauline Lauber (also known as

Pauline Lauber)
Fiske, Dick

Movie studio.
Folkoff, Isaac "Pop"
Foreman, Carl
Writer.

(Appeared Sept. 24, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny Commu-
nist Party Membership.)
Eraser, Bernice
Fuller, Lester

Writer.
Geer, Will
Actor.

(Appeared Apr. 11, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in Communist Party.)
Gilbert, Ed

Set designer.
Gleichman, Kelly

Communist Party functionary.
Glenn, Charles

Writer, People's World.

Glenn, Elizabeth Leech (Mrs. Charles

Glenn.) (See Elizabeth Leech.)
Goldberg, Alice. (See Mrs. Ian Hunter.)

Identified as Communist by —
(Investigation identifying Mrs. Donath
as Communist Party has not been
made public.)

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 1!>, 1951.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.

Roy Huggins, Sept. 29, 1952.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Roy Huggins, Sept. 29, 1952.
Edward Dniytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.

Meta Reis Rosenberg, Apr. 13, 1951.
Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Mildred Ashe. Sept. 17, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.

Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.

Sterling Hayden, Apr. 10, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Melvin Levy, Jan. 28, 1952.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.

David Raksin, Sept. 20, 1951.
Eve Ettinger, Sept. 10, 1951.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.
Owen, Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.

46 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Goldman, Harold

Writer.
Goldman, Kathleen (Mrs. Harold Gold-
man)
Gordon, Donald

Assistant editor, studio story de-
partment.
(Appeared Sept. 24, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Gordon, Michael
Director.

(Appeared Sept. 17, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Gorney, Jay
Song writer.

Gorney. Sondra (Mrs. Jay Gorney)

Gough, Lloyd
Actor.

(Appeared May 17, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Graff, Fred
Actor.

(Appeared April 13, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Grant, Elizabeth (Betty)
Grant, Morton
Writer.

Greenherg, Alex
Grennard, Elliott
Gruen, Margaret (Peggy)

Writer.
Hallgren, George

Hallgren. Nora (Mrs. George Hall-
gren)
Communist Party functionary.
Hammer, Alvin (real name; Irving
Dratler)
Actor.

(Appeared May 16, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Hammett, Dashiell

Writer.
Harper, Annette
Actress.

(Appeared Oct. 6, 1952, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Harris, Lou
Publicity man.

Harris. Vera (Mrs. Lou Harris)

Identified as Communist by —
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.
George Glass, Jan. 21, 1952.
Leo Townsend. Sept. 18, 1951.
Charles Daggett. Jan. 21, 1952.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.

( Investigation identifying Mr. Graff as
a member of the Communist Party
has not benii made public.)

Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
William Blowitz, Sept. 20, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.
Roy Huggins, Sept. 29, 1952.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.
Isobel Lennart, May 20, 1952.
Richard Collins, April 12, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Isobel Lennart, May 20, 1952.
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.
Owen Vinson, Oct. 2. 1952.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17. 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.

ANNUAL REPORT. COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 47

Hellinan, Lilliau
Playwright.

(Appeared May 21, 1952, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)

Hentschel, Irving Paul
Crafts worker ; member IATSE.

Hilberman, David
Motion picture lay-out artist.

Hilberman, Lib (Mrs. David Hilber-
man)

Hopkins, Pauline
Radio writer.

Huebseh, Edward
Writer.

Hunter, Ian MeLellan

Writer.
Hunter, Mrs. Ian (Alice Goldberg)
Ivens, Joris

Documentary films.
Jacobson, Eli

Party functionary.
James, Daniel Lewis
Writer.

(Appeared Sept. 19, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
James, Lilith (Mrs. Dan James)
Writer.

(Appeared Sept. 19, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Jarrico, Paul
Writer.

(Appeared Apr. 13, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)

Jarrico, Sylvia

Jeffries, Jan

(Pen name for Henry Blankfort; see
Henry Blankfort.)
Jerome, V. J.

Tarty functionary.

(Appeared Mar. 8, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)

Identified as Communist bit —
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Bernyce Fleury, Sept. 24, 1951.
Eugene Fleury, Sept. 10, 1951.
Eugene Fleury, Sept. 10, 1951.

Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.

Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Lee Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Melvin Levy, Jan. 28, 1952.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.
Bernard S'-hoenfeld. Aug. 19, 1952.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

George Bassman, Jan. 28, 1952.

Leo Townsend, Sept. IS, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Roy Huggins, Sept. 29, 1952.

Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.
Meta Reis Rosenberg. Apr. 13, 1951.
Budd Schulberg, Mav 23, 1951.
Lee Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
David Raksin, Sept. 20, 1951.
Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.
IsoBel Lennart, May 20, 1952.
Anne Ray Frank, Sept. 10, 1951.
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.

(Elizabeth Wilson identified Paul

Jarrico as a member of the Young

Communist League.)
Leo Townsend, Sept. IS, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.

(Elizabeth Wilson identified Sylvia

Jarrico as a member of the Young

Communist League.)

Sterling Hayden, Apr. 10, 1951.
Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.
Budd Schulberg, Mav 23. 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Max Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.
Elia Kazan, Apr. 10, 1952.
Clifford Odets, May 19. 1952.

48 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Kahn, Gordon
Writer.

Kibbee, Roland

Writer.
Killian, Michael
Killian, Victor
Actor.

(Appeared Apr. 13, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Klowden, Nina (also known as Anna)

Radio actress.
Koenig, Lester

Associate producer

(Appeared Sept. 24, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Kraber, Tony

Actor.
Kraft, Hyman Solomon (Hy)
Writer.

(Appeared Mar. 20, 1952, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Lardner, Ring, Jr.
Writer.

(Appeared Oct. 30, 1947, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)

Lauber, Pauline.

(See Pauline Lauber Finn.)
Lawson, John Howard
Writer.

(Appeared Oct. 27, 1947, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)

Lawson, Sue (Mrs. John Howard Law-
son)

Identified as Communist by —

Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.
Meta Reis Rosenberg, Apr. 13, 1951.
Marc Lawrence, Apr. 24, 1951.
Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.
Budd Schulberg, May 23, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.
Isobel Lennart, May 20, 1952.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.
George Glass, Jan. 21, 1952.
Anne Ray Frank. Sept. 10, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Isobel Lennart, May 20, 1952.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.
Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Elia Kazan, Apr. 10, 1952.
Clifford Odets, May 19, 1952.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.

Budd Schulberg, May 23, 1951.

Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.

George Glass, Jan. 21, 1952.

Anne Ray Frank, Sept. 10, 1951.

Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.

(Elizabeth Wilson identified Ring
Lardner, Jr., as a member of the
Young Communist League. )

Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.
Meta Reis Rosenberg, Apr. 13, 1951.
Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.
Budd Schulberg, May 23, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Anne Ray Frank, Sept. 10, 1951.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
William Blowitz, Sept. 20, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
David Raksin, Sept. 21, 1951.
Isobel Lennart, May 20, 1952.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.
Bernard Schoenfeld, Aug. 19, 1952.
William Blowitz, Sept. 20, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 49

Leech, Elizabeth (Mrs. Charles Glenn)
Communist Party functionary.

Lees, Robert
Writer

(Appeared Apr. 11, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party. )

Leonard, Charles

Writer.
Lerner, Tillie

Writer.
Leverett, Lewis

Actor.
Levitt, Alfred

Studio reader, writer.

(Appeared Sept. 18, 1951 ; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Levitt, Helen Slote. (See Helen Slote.)
Lieberman, Irwin

Writer.
Lindeman, Mitchell

Director.
Lord, Sarajo

Director, Hollywood Arts, Sciences,
and Professions Council.
(Appeared Oct. 7, 1952; refused to
affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Losey, Joseph

Director.
Losey, Louise
(Mrs. Joseph Losey)
MacGregor, Marjorie.
{See Marjorie Manoff.)
Maltz, Albert
Writer.

(Appeared Oct. 28, 1947; refused to
affirm or deny party member-
ship.)

Manoff, Arnold
Writer.

Manoff, Marjorie

(Mrs. Arnold Manoff; also known as
Marjorie Potts and Marjorie Mac-
Gregor.)

Marrow, Sylvia.

(See Mrs. Abraham Polonsky.)

Matthews, Allen
Actor.

Max, Edwin Miller

(Appeared Oct. 6, 1952: refused to
affirm or deny party membership.)

Identified as Communist by —

Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
William Blowitz, Sept. 20, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson. Sept. 21, 1951.
Isobel Lennart, May 20, 1952.
Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.
Sterling Hayden, Apr. 10, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Rov Huggins, Sept. 29, 1952.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Budd Schulberg, May 23, 1951.

Elia Kazan, Apr. 10, 1952.
Clifford Odets, May 19, 1952.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Melvin Levy, Jan. 28, 1952.

Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.

Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.
Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.
(Investigation identifying Miss Lord

as a member of the Communist Party

has not been made public.)

Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.

Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.
Meta Reis Rosenberg, Apr. 13, 1951.
Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Anne Rav Frank, Sept. 10, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Isobel Lennart, May 20, 1952.
Bernard Schoenfeld, Aug. 19, 1952.
Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. IS, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Leo Townsond. Sept. 18, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.
Owen Vinson. Oct. 2, 1952.

50 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

McElroy, Walter

Writer.
McGrew, John

Cartoon animator.
Meyers, Henry

Writer.

Miller, John (also known as Skins
Miller)
Actor.
Miller, Patricia
(Mrs. John Miller)
Miller, Paula
(Mrs. Lee Strasberg)
Actress.

(Mr. Kazan testified that it was
his belief that Paula Miller had
broken from the Communist
Party.)
Mischel, Josef
TV story writer.

(Appeared Sept. 24, 1951; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Moore, Sam
Writer.

(Appeared Apr. 17, 1951; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Morgan, Ann Roth.
(See Ann Roth Morgan Richards.)
Morley, Karen
Actress.

(Appeared Nov. 13, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship.)

Identified as Communist by —
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Eugene Fleury, Sept. 10, 1951.

Leo Townsend, Sept. IS, 1951.
Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.
George Glass, Jan. 21, 1952.
1 '.ernard Schoenf eld, Aug. 19, 1952.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Elia Kazan, Apr. 10, 1952.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.
Paid Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.
Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.

Sterling Hayden, Apr. 10, 1951.
Marc Lawrence, Apr. 24, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.

Moss, Carleton

Writer.
Murphy, Maurice

Actor.

North, Joseph

Writer.
Offner, Mortimer

TV work ; ex-screen writer.

O'Neal, Catherine
(Mrs. Bob Roberts)
Ornitz, Sadie
(Mrs. Sam Ornitz)
Ornitz. Samuel

Writer.

(Appeared Oct. 29, 1947; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship. )
Overgaard, Andrew

Trade-unionist.
Page, Charles

Writer.
Parker, Dorothy
(Mrs. Alan Campbell)

Writer.

Meta Reis Rosenberg, Apr. 13, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Isobel Lennart, May 20, 1952.
Sterling Hayden, Apr. 10, 1951.

Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Melvin Levy, Jan. 28, 1952.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.
Meta Reis Rosenberg, Apr. 13, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.

Elia Kazan, Apr. 10, 1952.
Clifford Odets, May 19, 1952.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19. 1951.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 51

Pellman, Matt (also known as Mike
Pell, Max Appleinan or Appelbaum)
Communist Party functionary.
Pepper, George

Employee, Communist front organi-
zations.
Pepper, Joy
Perlin, Paul
Studio worker.

(Appeared Oct. 6, 1952; refused to
affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Pettus, Ken

Radio writer.
Polifka, Bernyce. (See Bernyce Po-

lifka Fleury.)
Polin, Ben

Photographer.
Polonsky, Abraham Lincoln
Director-writer.

(Appeared Apr. 25, 1951; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship.)

Polonsky. Sylvia Marrow
(Mrs. Abraham Polonsky)
Pomerance, Mortimer William

Screen Writers' Guild, former execu-
tive secretary.
(Appeared Feb. 5, 1952; refused to
affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Potts, Marjorie. (See Marjorie Mac-

Gregor Manoff.)
Purcell, Gertrude
Rapf, Maurice
Writer.

Revere, Ann
Actress.

(Appeared Apr. 17, 1951; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship. )
Reynolds. Bella Lewitzky
Dancer.

(Appeared Sept. 12, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Richards, Ann Roth Morgan
Housewife.

(Appeared Sept. 20, 1951; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship. )
Richards, Robert L.
Writer.

(Appeared Sept. 20, 1951; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Rinaldo, Fred
Writer.

Rinaldo, Marie
River, W. L.

Writer.

Identified as Communist by —

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Max Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.

Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.

Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Max Silver, Jan. 24, 1952.

Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.

Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.

Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.
Sterling Hayden, Apr. 10, 1951.
Meta Reis Rosenberg, Apr. 13, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.
Stanley Roberts, Mav 20, 1952.
Leo Townsend, Sept. IS, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Bernyce Fleury, Sept. 24, 1951.
Eugene Fleury, Sept. 10, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
(Investigation identifying Miss Revere

as a member of the Communist Party

has not been made public.)

(Investigation identifying Mrs. Reyn-
olds as a member of the Communist
Party has not been made public.)

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Roy Huggins, Sept. 29, 1952.

Roy Huggins, Sept. 29, 1952.

Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Leo Townsend. Sept. 18, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. IS, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept 19, 1951.

52 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Roberts, Bob

Producer.
Roberts, Mrs. Bob. (See Catberine

O'Neal.)
Roberts, Marguerite (professional
name for Mrs. Jobn Sanford, nee
Smith.)
Writer.

(Appeared Sept. 20, 1951; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Robeson, Naomi.
Robinson, Jack
Radio writer.
Robinson, Mary
Radio writer.
Romain, Jerome Isaac. (See V. J. Je-
rome. )
Ronka, Wayne

Musician.
Rossen, Robert
Producer.

(Appeared June 25, 1951; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Roth, Ann. {See Ann Roth Morgan

Richards. )
Rousseau. Louise
Writer.

(Appeared Sept. 21, 1951; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Ruthven, Madelaine

Communist Party functionary ; ex-
writer.

Sabinson, Lee

Broadway producer.
Sage, Frances

Actress.
Salt, Ambur
(Ambur Dana)

Secretary.
Salt, Waldo
Writer.

(Appeared Apr. 13, 1951; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship. )

Sanford, Marguerite. (See Marguerite

Roberts.)
Schneider, Isadore

New Masses editor.
Schneiderman, William

Communist Party functionary.
Schulberg, Virginia (now Mrs. Peter

Viertel.)
Scofield, Janette (Mrs. Louis Scofield.)

Identified as Communist by-
Martin Berkeley, Sept 19, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept 19, 1951.

Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.
Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.
Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.
Meta Reis Rosenberg, Apr. 13, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Anne Ray Frank, Sept. 10, 1951.

(Investigation identifying Miss Rous-
seau as a member of the Communist
Party has not been made public.)

Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.
Meta Reis Rosenberg, Apr. 13, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
David Raksin, Sept. 20, 1951.
Elizaltetb Wilson. Sept. 21, 1951.
Isobel Lennart, May 20, 1952.
Eve Ettinger, Sept. 10, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.

Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.
Meta Reis Rosenberg, Apr. 13, 1951.
Budd Schulberg, May 23, 1951.
Frank W. Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
David Raksin, Sept. 20, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 53

Seofield, Louis
Actor, writer.

( Mr. Vinson testified that it was
his belief that Mr. Seofield had
broken from the Communist
Party.)
Scott, Adrian
Producer.

(Appeared Oct. 29, 1947; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship. )
Seidel, Louise
Shafran, Eva
Communist Party functionary.

Shapiro, Art

Radio writer or publicist.
Shapiro, Victor

Publicist.
Ship, Reuben

Radio and screen writer.

(Appeared Sept. 24, 1951; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Shore, Viola Brothers

Writer.
Shore, Wilma (Mrs. Lou Solomon)

Writer.
Sillen, Samuel

Writer.
Silverblatt, Howard. (See Howard Da-

Silva.)
Sklar, George

Writer.

Slote, Helen (Mrs. Al Levitt)
Secretary.

i Appeared Sept. 18, 1951 ; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Smith, Art

Actor.
Smith, Ralph

Set designer.
Solomon, Mrs. Lou.
Sondergaard, Gale
ergaard ; Mrs.
A. tress

(Appeared Mar. 21, 1951; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Sparks, Nemmy (Ned)
Communist Party functionary.

Stander, Alice (nee Alice Twitchell).
Stander, Lionel
Actor.

Stander, Lucy (Mrs. Lionel Stander),

Identified as Communist by —
Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.

(See Wilma Shore.)
(Edith Holm Sond-
Herbert Biberman)

Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.

Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
George Bassman, Jan. 28, 1952.
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.
( )wen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Roy Huggins, Sept. 29. 1952.
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19. 1951.
Isobel Lennart, May 20, 1952.
Roy Huggins, Sept. 29, 1952.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Elia Kazan, Apr. 10, 1952.
Clifford Odets, May 19, 1952.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Bernard Schoenfeld, Aug. 19, 1952.

Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Marc Lawrence, Apr. 24, 1951.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.

54 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Stapp, John
Communist Party functionary.

Stephenson, Janet. (-See also Janet

Stevenson.)
Stevenson, Janet (Mrs. Philip Steven-
son). (See also Janet Stephenson.)
Stevenson, Philip Edward
Writer

(Appeared Sept. 19, 1951; refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Stewart, Donald Ogden

Writer.
Stone, Eugene R.
Radio writer

(Appeared Oct. 6, 1952; refused to
affirm or deny party member-
ship. )
Strack, Celeste

Communist Party functionary.
Strasberg, Mrs. Lee. (See Paula

Miller. )
Strawn, Arthur
Writer

(Appeared May 10, 1951 ; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship. )
Sullivan, Elliott (also known as Ely
Sullivan )
Actor.
Taffel, Bess
Writer

(Appeared Sept. 18, 1951; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship. )
Terkel, Ida (Mrs. Louis Terkel).
Terkel, Louis

Actor.
Thompson, Jim.

Tompkins, Capt. Ward Miller (War-
wick)

Ship captain.
Town send, Mrs. Lee

(Mr. Townsend testified that Mrs.
Townsend had broken from the
Communist Party.)
Tranbe, Shepard

Theater director and producer

(Appeared Mar. 6, 1952; refused to

affirm or deny party membership.

His testimony has not been made

public. )

Tree, Dorothy. (See Dorothy Tree

Uris.)
Trivers. Jane (Mrs. Paul Trivers).

Identified as Communist by —

Sterling Hayden, Apr. 10, 1951.
Meta Reis Rosenberg, Apr. 13, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
William Blowitz, Sept. 20, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
Rov Hnggins, Sept. 29, 1952.
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.
Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.
Isobel Lennart, May 20, 1952.
George Glass, Jan. 21, 1952.

Roy Huggins, Sept. 29, 1952.

Roy Huggins, Sept. 29, 1952.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.
Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.

Roy Huggins, Sept. 29, 1952.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.
Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Sterling Hayden, Apr. 10, 1951.

Leo Townsend, Jan. 18, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.
Bernard Schoenfeld, Aug. 19, 1952.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 55

Trivers, Paul
Writer.

Trumbo, Dalton
Writer

(Appeared Oct. 28, 1947; refused to
affirm or deny party member-
ship.)

Tuttle, Tania (Mrs. Frank Tuttle).

Twitchell, Alice. (See Alice Stander.)
Uerkvitz, Herta

Studio research department

(Appeared Sept. 20, 1951; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship. )
Uris, Dorothy Tree (Mrs. Michael Uris)
Actress.

Uris, Michael
Writer.

Viertel, Mrs. Peter. (See Virginia

Schulberg. )
Vorhaus, Bernard

Director.

Vorhaus, Hetty

Waldman, Herman (aka David Wolf)
Radio actor.

( Appeared Oct. *>, 1952 ; refused to
affirm or deny party member-
ship. )
Waxman, Stanley
Radio actor.

(Appeared Oct. 6, 1952; refused to
affirm or deny party member-
ship. )
Weber, John

Agent.
Weil, Richard

Writer.
Wellman, Ted. (See Sid Benson.)
Wells, Miss Susan (Mrs. Arnaud D'Us-
seau)
Head of Communist book-shop.
Wexley, John
Writer.

White, Irving J.

Identified as Communist by —

Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.
Bernard Schoenfeld, Aug. 19, 1952.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Anne Ray Frank, Sept. 10, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.
Bernard Schoenfeld, Aug. 19, 1952.
Meta Reis Rosenberg, Apr. 13, 1951.
Budd Schulberg, May 23, 1951.
Max Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.
Bernard Schoenfeld, Aug. 19, 1952.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.

Meta Reis Rosenberg, Apr. 13, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.
Bernard Schoenfeld, Aug. 19, 1952.
Meta Reis Rosenberg, Apr. 13, 1951.
Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.
Bernard Schoenfeld, Aug. 19, 1952.

Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Stanley Roberts, May 20, 1952.
Bernard Schoenfeld, Aug. 19, 1952.
Bernard Schoenfeld, Aug. 19, 1952.
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.
Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.

Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.
Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.

Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Edward Dmytryk, May 25, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. IS, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.

56 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Whitney, Lynn
Actress.

(Appeared Oct. 6, 1952; refused to
affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Willner, George
Writers' agent.

(Appeared Apr. 24, 1951; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Willner, Tiba (Mrs. George Willner)

Wilson, Michael
Writer.

(Appeared Sept. 20, 1951; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship.)
Winter, Carl

Communist Party functionary.

Winters, Bea (Bernadette)
Secretary.

(Appeared May 16, 1951; refused
to affirm or deny party member-
ship. )
Wolf, David. (See Herman Waldman.)
Wolff, William
Radio writer.

(Appeared Oct. 6, 1952; refused to
affirm or deny party member-
ship. )

Identified as Communist bij-
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.
Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.

Meta Reis Rosenberg, Apr. 13, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Melvin Levy. Jan. 28, 1952.
Isobel Lennart, May 20, 1952.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Isobel Lennart, May 20, 1952.
Bernard Schoenfeld, Aug. 19, 1952.

Richard Collins, Apr. 12, 1951.
Meta Reis Rosenberg, Apr. 13, 1951.
Frank Tuttle, May 24, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Sterling Hayden, Apr. 10, 1951.

Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.
Owen Vinson, Oct. 2, 1952.

COMMUNIST ACTIVITIES AMONG PROFESSIONAL
GROUPS IN THE LOS ANGELES AREA

The committee lias long recognized the fact that the Communist
Party has directed its recruiting activities toward every form of
American life. In order to gain any semblance of strength the Com-
munists must have not only a foothold among laboring people but
among professional groups as well. The results of the extent and suc-
cess of Communist efforts in the professional field as typified in the
Los Angeles area were amazing. While the committee is aware that
these hearings only exposed Communist success in a specific area, there
is every reason to believe that the Communists have had some success
in other areas.

The hearings in Los Angeles revealed that the Communist Party
had built a formidable cell among lawyers in the Los Angeles area.
There was this Communist success notwithstanding the fact that
there is probably no other field in which the members are so
thoroughly schooled in the rights and privileges afforded by our Con-
stitution. Yet these lawyers would overthrow the very Constitution
under which they took shelter when called upon to affirm or deny
whether they were members of a group which seeks to overthrow this
Government by force and violence, if necessary.

It was not surprising that practically all of the lawyers identified
as Communists were members of the National Lawyers' Guild. This
merely confirmed further the committee's findings that the National
Lawyers' Guild is the legal bulwark of the Communist Party.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 57

The hearings in Los Angeles further disclosed that the Communist
Party had developed appreciable strength in the recruitment of mem-
bers in the medical profession. These doctors, who upon their oath
dedicate themselves to the care and preservation of human life, had
become members of an organization in which human life is held in-
significant and nonessential to the furtherance of their plans for
world conquest.

Testimony in the Los xVngeles hearings also disclosed that during
a period the Communist Party had developed a cell in the newspaper
profession in Los Angeles. Testimony revealed that although the
Communist Party cell in the Newspaper Guild had constituted only a
small percentage of the total membership it was sufficiently well
organized to gain positions of importance for its members.

The committee wishes to point out that the overwhelming numbers
of the legal, medical, and writing professions in the Los Angeles area
are completely loyal Americans and share in the shock experienced by
the committee upon learning of this almost unbelievable Communist
infiltration in the professional fields mentioned.

The committee wishes to express its appreciation to the following
listed individuals without whose testimony as to their knowledge and
experience of Communist efforts to infiltrate professional groups in
the Los Angeles area, the committee's efforts could not have been
successful :

Date of appearance

Aaron, David Jan. 23, 1952.

Ashe, Harold J Sept. 17, 1951.

Ashe. Mrs. Harold (Mildred Ashe) Sept. 17, 1951.

Bennett, Alice K May 22. 1952.

Blowitz, William Sept. 20, 1951.

Daggett, Charles Jan. 21, 1952.

Daniel, Urcel July 8, 1952.

Glass, George Jan. 21, 1952.

Herzig, Albert Jan. 23, 1952.

Israel, William G Jan. 25, 1U52.

Judson, Charles W Jan. 26. 1952.

Krieger, Dr. Mendell M Sept. 11, 1951.

Light. Louise. (See Louise Light

Silver.)

Reznick, Dr. Sam Sept. 11, 1951 (Dr. Reznick appeared in

executive session, testified fully as
to his former membership in the Com-
munist Party. Portions of his testi-
mony have been made public).

Silver, Louise Light Jan. 21 and 22. 1952.

Silver, Max Jan. 21, 1952.

Yerkes, Marburg Jan. 25, 1952.

The following individuals, who have been identified as members of
the Communist Party, are being listed as having been associated with
the various professional groups in the Los Angeles area. It is recog-
nized that in many instances the identifying information does not
classify the individual as being engaged in a profession but since the
testimony was received from individuals whose principal information
deals with professional groups they are being included herein. It
should also be noted that with these identifications it does not neces-
sarily indicate the present position or occupation of the individuals
but indicates the identification furnished by the witness.

58 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Abowitz, Ellenore (Mrs. Murray Abo-
witz; nee Ellenore Bogigian)
(Appeared Sept. 20, 1951, refused to
affirm or deny membership in the
Communist Party.)
Abowitz, Dr. Murray
Physician.

(Appeared Sept. 21, 1951, refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Adam, Mrs. Loretta

Communist Party functionary.
Aidlin, Joseph

Attorney.
Aidlin, Mrs. Joseph (Mary Raden)
Office secretary, Communist Party,
Los Angeles County.
Allen, Jimmy

Communist Party functionary.
Allen, Sam Houston
Attorney.

(Appeared, Oct. 1, 1952, refused to
affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Altman, George
Attorney.

(Appeared, Oct. 1, 1952, refused to
affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Austrian, Spencer
Attorney.

(Appeared, Oct. 1, 1952, refused to
affirm or deny membership in the
Communist Party. )
Bachelis, Selma
Attorney.

Barker, Dr. Oner B., Jr.
Physician.

(Appeared, Oct. 6, 1952, refused to
affirm or deny membership in the
Communist Party.)
Barrigan, Andy

Communist Party newspaper unit.
Beeman, Ruth (Mrs. Morton Beeman)

Bigelman, Dr. Leo
Physician.

(Appeared Sept. 18, 1951, refused
to affirm or deny membership
in the Communist Party.)

Bogner, Max

Social worker.
Bogner, Marta (Mrs. Max Bogner)
Bonner, Miriam

Codirector Los Angeles Workers'
School.
Bridges, Harry

ILWU president.
Broman, Jack (see Jack Wilson)
Bryan, Al

Communist Party functionary.

Identified as Communist by —
Dr. Mendell M. Krieger, Sept. 11, 1951.
Roy Huggins, Sept. 29, 1952.

Louise Light Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.
Dr. Mendell M. Krieger, Sept. 11, 1951.
Roy Huggins, Sept. 29, 1952.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
( Jharles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
William G. Israel, Jan. 25, 1952.

David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
William G. Israel, Jan. 25, 1952.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Milton S. Tyre, Dec. 14, 1951.
David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Albert Herzig, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
William G. Israel, Jan. 25, 1952.
Louise Light Silver, Jan. 22, 1952.

Urcel Daniel, July 8, 1952.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1952.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1952.
Dr. Sam Reznick, Sept. 11, 1951.
Leo Townsend, Sept. 18, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
David Raksin, Sept. 20, 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.
Louise Light Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.

Max Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 59

Burke, Sidney (Berkowitz)
Newspaperman.

Bush, Rose

Communist Party underground work-
er.
Callahan, Pat
Callahan, Mrs. Pat
Cefkin, Leo

Student.
Champion, Clyde

Communist Party functionary.
Cline, Paul

Communist Party functionary.

Cohee, Alice (Mrs. John Cohee)

Cohee, John

Newspaperman, Communist Party
newspaper unit.
Cohn, Bob (also known as Bob Cole)

Social worker.
Connelly, Dorothy. (See Dorothy

Healy.)
Connelly, Philip

Communist Party functionary.

Cope, E. O.
Corey, Mrs. George

Advertising executive.
Covey, Florence

Social worker.
Cullen, Tom

Newspaperman.
Darcy, Sam

Communist Party functionary.
Davis, Dr. Edwin Howard

Optometrist.

(Appeared Oct. 2, 1952, refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Davis, Mrs. Edwin Howard.

Decker, Dr. I. S.
Dobbs, Ben

Communist Party functionary.
Druckman, Dr. Jacob S.
Psychiatrist.

(Appeared Oct. 2, 1952, refused to
affirm or deny membership in the
Communist Party.)
Druckman, Dr. Sidney
Physician.

(Appeared Oct. 3, 1952, and refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Eddy, Jonathan

Newspaper Guild organizer.

Identified as Communist by-
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Charles Judson, Jan. 26, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Urcel Daniel, July 8, 1952.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Dr. Mendell M. Krieger, Sept. 11, 1951.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Harold Ashe, Sept 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Max Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.
Charles Judson, Jan. 26, 1952.
Alice Bennett, Mav 22, 1952.
Urcel Daniel, July 8, 1952.
Charles Judson, Jan. 26, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Urcel Daniel, July 8, 1952.
Charles Judson, Jan. 26, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Urcel Daniel, July 8, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

Charles Judson, Jan. 26, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Urcel Daniel, July 8, 1952.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.

Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Urcel Daniel, July 8, 1952.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Dr. Mendell Krieger, Sept. 11, 1951.
Roy Huggins, Sept. 29. 1952.

Dr. Mendell Krieger, Sept. 11, 1951.
Roy Huggins, Sept. 29, 1952.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.

Louise Light Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.
Dr. Sam Reznick, Sept. 11, 1951.

(Investigation identifying Dr. Druck-
man as member of the Communist
Party has not been made public.)

Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.

H. Rept. 2516, 82-2-

60 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Elfman, Rose
Elkins, Dr. Oscar
Board of Health.

(Appeared Oct. 2, 1952, refused to
affirm or deny membership in the
Communist Party.)
Epstein, Pauline
Attorney.

(Appeared Sept. 30. 1952, refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Esterman, William
Attorney.

(Appeared Oct. 1, 1952, refused to
affirm or deny membership in the
Communist Party.)
Feder, Dr. Morris
Physician.

(Appeared Oct. 3, 1952, refused to
affirm or deny membership in the
Communist Party.)
Finn, Aubrey
Attorney.

(Appeared Oct. 1, 1952, refused to
affirm or deny membership in the
Communist Party.)
Foreman, Katherine

Social worker.
Foster, Dorothy

Communist Party functionary
Franchi, Davida (Mrs. Fred Franchi)

School teacher
Franchi, Fred

Frankel, J. Allen
Attorney

(Appeared Oct. 1, 1952, and refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Freed, Emil

Communist Party functionary
Freeman, M. E.
Gallagher, Leo

Attorney.
Gannett, Betty Bennett,

Communist Party functionary.
Gardner, Helen

Communist Party functionary.
Garrigues, C. H.

Newspaperman.
Goodlaw, Dr. Edward Isiah
Optometrist.

(Appeared Oct. 3, 1952, and refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Gordon, Emily

(Mrs. Julian Gordon)
Louise Light Silver testified that
she believed Emily Gordon had
broken with the party.
Grodzins, Jane
• Attorney.

Hanoff, Elmer ("Pop")

Communist Party organizer.

Identified as Communist by —
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Louise Light Silver, Jan. 21 and 22, 1952.
Dr. Sam Reznick, Sept. 11, 1951.

David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
William G. Israel, Jan. 25, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.

David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
William G. Israel, Jan. 25, 1951.
Milton S. Tyre, Dec. 14, 1951.

Louise Light Silver, Jan. 21 and 22,

1952.
Dr. Sam Reznick, Sept. 11, 1951.

David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
Milton S. Tyre, Dec. 14, 1951.

Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.

Charles Judson, Jan. 26, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Charles Judson, Jan. 26, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Louise Light Silver, Jan. 21. 1952.
David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
William G. Israel, Jan. 25, 1952.
Milton S. Tyre, Dec. 14, 1951.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
George Glass, Jan. 21, 1952.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
David Aaron, Jan 23, 1952.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Max Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.

Charles Judson, Jan. 26, 1952.
Urcel Daniel, July 8, 1952.
(Investigation identifying Dr. Goodlaw

as member of the Communist Party

has not been made public.)

Louise Light Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.

David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
William G. Israel, Jan. 25, 1952.
Milton S. Tyre, Dec. 14, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 61

Hathaway, Clarence

Communist Party functionary.
Healy, Don R.

Painters union.
Healy, Dorothy (also known as Dorothy
Ray)

Communist Party functionary.

Hickox, Dr. Albert

Dentist.
Hittleman, Dr. Joseph

(Appeared Oct. 3, 1952, and refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party).
Holther, William Benjamin (also

known as Wilben Holther).
Hull, Charlotte (Mrs. Morgan Hull)

Ingham, William

Communist Party functionary.
Jeffrey, J. E.

Social worker.
Johnson, Grover
Attorney

(Appeared Oct. 1, 1952, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Jones, Lillian

Codirector, Los Angeles Workers'
School.
Kaplan, Victor
Attorney

(Appeared Oct. 1, 1952, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)

Kashner, Milt

Social worker.
Katz, Mrs.
Katz, Charles
Attorney

(Appeared Oct. 1, 1952, and refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)

Katz. Robert D.
Attorney.

(Appeared as witness Oct. 1, 1952,
and refused to affirm or deny
membership in the Communist
Party.)
Kempler, Dr. Walter
Physician.

( Appeared Oct. 3, 1952, and refused
to affirm or deny Communist
Party membership.)
Kibre, Jeff (also known as Barry
Wood.)

Communist Party functionary.
Kibre, Virginia (Mrs. Jeff Kibre)

Killoran, Pat

Newspaperwoman.

Identified as Communist by —
Charles Judson, Jan. 26, 1952.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Albert Herzig, Jan. 23, 1952.
Charles Judson, Jan. 26, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Urcel Daniel, July 8, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Louise Light Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.
Sam Reznick, Sept. 11, 1951.

Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

Max Silver, Jan. 22, 1952.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Louise Light Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.
David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Albert Herzig, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
William G. Israel, Jan. 25, 1952.
Milton S. Tyre, Dec. 14, 1951.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

Dr. Mendell M. Krieger, Sept. 11, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Albert Herzig, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
William G. Israel, Jan. 25, 1952.
Milton S. Tyre, Dec. 14, 1951.
David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
William G. Israel, Jan. 25, 1952.
Milton S. Tyre, Dec. 14, 1951.

( Investigation identifying Dr. Kempler
as member of the Communist Party
has not been made public.)

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Charles Judson, Jan. 26, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Urcel Daniel, July 8, 1952.

62 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Klein, Herbert
Newspaperman ; teacher

(Appeared as witness Sept. 18,
1951, and refused to affirm or
deny membership in the Commu-
nist Party.)

Klein, Minna (Mrs. Herbert Klein)

Knappen, Gail (Gale)

Communist Party newspaper unit.
Konigsburg, Raphael

Social worker.
Koppelman, Dr. Harold
Physician.

(Appeared Oct. 3, 1952, and refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Lambert, Rude

Communist Party functionary.
Lechrome, Cliff
Leech, John

Communist Party functionary.
Lester, Dr. Milton
Psychiatrist.

(Appeared Oct. 3, 1952, and refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Letzman, Melvyn

Communist Party functionary.
Lieberman, Dr. Benjamin
Physician.

( Appeared Oct. 2, 1952, and refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Liefchild, Gerald

Hospital technician.
Liefchild, Gladys (Mrs. Gerald Lief-
child)
Hospital employee.
Light, Noum

Communist Party functionary.
Lishner, Arthur
Pharmacist.

(Appeared Oct. 3, 1952, and refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party. )
Mandell, Seymour
Attorney.

(Appeared as witness on Oct. 1,
1952, and refused to affirm or
deny membership in the Commu-
nist Party.)
Marcus, Freda

Social worker.
Marcus, Dr. Simson
Physician.

(Appeared as witness Oct. 3, 1952,
and refused to affirm or deny
Communist Party membership.)

Identified as Communist by —

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19, 1951.
Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.
Charles Judson, Jan. 26, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Urcel Daniel, July 8, 1952.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.
Charles Judson, Jan. 26, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Urcel Daniel, July 8, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

(Investigation identifying Dr. Koppel-
man as member of the Communist
Party has not been made public.)

Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
(Investigation identifying Dr. Lester as

member of the Communist Party has

not been made public.)

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

(Investigation identifying Dr. Lieber-
man as member of the Communist
Party has not been made public.)

Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.

(Investigation identifying Mr. Lishner
as member of the Communist Party
has not been made public. )

David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
William G. Israel, Jan. 25, 1952.
Milton S. Tyre, Dec. 14, 1951.

Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

Louise Light Silver, Jan. 21 and 22,
1952; Dr. Sam Reznick, Sept. 11, 1951.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 63

Margolis, Ben
Attorney.

(Appeared as witness Sept. 30, 1952,
and refused to affirm or deny
Communist Party membership.)

McClaughlan, Charles

Communist Party functionary.
McTernan, John

Attorney.

Miller, Ida (Mrs. Jay Miller)

Cloakmakers union.
Miller, Tom

Communist Party functionary.
Moore, Jack

Communist Party functionary.
Moore, Mrs. Jack

Communist Party functionary.
Most, Rose

Social worker.
Nedelman, Dr. Jack
Physician.

(Appeared Oct. 3, 1952, and refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
O'Connor, Oleta (Oleta O'Connor
Yates)
Communist Party functionary.
O'Connor, Tom
Newspaperman.

(Appeared as witness May 22, 1952,
and refused to affirm or deny
Communist Party membership.)
Oliver, Bill

Newspaperman ; drama critic.
Pally, Henrietta
Social worker.
Patterson, Tom
Newspaperman ;
functionary.
Pennes, Dr. Alexander
Physician ; radiologist.

(Appeared Oct. 3, 1952, and refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Perry, Pettis

Communist Party functionary.

Identified as Communist by —
Milton S. Tyre, Dec. 14, 1951.
George Glass, Jan. 21, 1952.
Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.
Paul Marion, Oct. 2, 1952.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Edward Dmytryk, Apr. 25, 1951.
David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
William G. Israel, Jan. 25, 1952.
Albert Herzig, Jan. 23, 1952.

David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
William G. Israel, Jan. 25, 1952.
Milton S. Tyre, Dec. 14, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

(Investigation identifying Dr. Nedelman
as member of the Communist Party
has not been made public.)

Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Charles Judson, Jan. 26, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Urcel Daniel, July S, 1952.

Communist Party

Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Urcel Daniel, July 8, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Louise Light Silver, Jan. 22, 1952.

Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Max Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.
Charles Judson, Jan. 26, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

Perry, Dr. Thomas L. Louise Light Silver, Jan. 22, 1952.

Physician ; pediatrician.

(Appeared Oct. 2, 1952, and refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Pestana, Frank David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.

Attorney. Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.

(Appeared Oct. 1, 1952, and refused William G. Israel, Jan. 25, 1952.
to affirm or deny membership in Milton S. Tyre, Dec. 14, 1951.
the Communist Party.)

64 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Pestana, Jean (Mrs. Frank Pestana)

Attorney.
Pezinan, Dorothy
Social worker.
Porter, John
Attorney

(Appeared Sept. 30, 1952, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Praeger, Nat

Communist Party functionary.
Prokop, Prokop Jack

Dry cleaning establishment

(Appeared Sept. 12, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Raden, Mary. (See Mrs. Joe Aidlin.)
Ray, Dorothy. (See Dorothy Healy.)
Reese, Mercier

Social worker.
Reeves, Nancy

Attorney.
Reynolds, Dr. Frederick G.
Ophthalmologist

(Appeared Oct. 2, 1952, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Reznick, Sarah (Mrs. Sam Reznick)

Social worker.
Richman, Matt
Attorney

(Appeared Sept. 30, 1952, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party.)
Riskin, Dr. Alexander
Physician, Bellevue Hospital, New
York City.
Robbins, Ed
Newspaperman.

Roberts, Dr. Bertram L.
Optometrist

(Appeared Oct. 2, 1952, and refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Rosenberg, Rose
Attorney

(Appeared Oct. 1, 1952, and refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Rosenblum, Dr. Gordon
Physician ; surgeon

( Appeared Oct. 2, 1952, and refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Rosenwein. Samuel

Attorney.
Ross, Lawrence

Communist Party functionary.

Ryan. Allen Lane

Communist Party functionary.
Ryan, Maureen

Social worker.

Identified as Communist by —
David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
William G. Israel, Jan. 25, 1952.
Albert Herzig, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
Milton S. Tyre, Dec. 14, 1952.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
(Investigation identifying Mr. Prokop

as a Communist Party member has

not been made public.)

Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
Louise Light Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.
Dr. Sam Reznick, Sept. 11, 1951.

Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.

Louise Light Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.
Dr. Sam Reznick, Sept. 11, 1951.

Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.
Charles Judson, Jan. 26, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Urcel Daniel, July 8, 1952.
Louise Light Silver, Jan. 22, 1952.

Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
Milton S. Tyre, Dec. 14, 1951.

Dr. Mendell M. Krieger, Sept. 11, 1951.

Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Max Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.
Max Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.

Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 65

Rykoff, Richard L.
Attorney.

(Appeared Oct. 1, 1952; refused to
affirm or deny membership in the
Communist Party.)
Samuels, William M.
Attorney.

(Appeared Oct. 1, 1952; refused to
affirm or deny membership in the
Communist Party.)
Sanford, John
Attorney.

(Appeared Sept. 20, 1951, and re-
fused to affirm or deny member-
ship in the Communist Party. )
Schoen, Dr. Max
Physician.

(Appeared Sept. 21, 1951; refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Schonfield, Dr. Louis
Dentist.

(Appeared Oct. 3, 1952; refused to
affirm or deny membership in the
Communist Party.)
Segure, Rose

Social worker.
Selden, Betty
Social worker.

(Appeared Oct. 7, 1952; refused to
affirm or deny membership in the
Communist Party.)
Seller, Richard

Newspaperman.
Shandler, Esther
Attorney.

(Appeared Sept. 30, 1952; refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Shapiro, Julian (Jack). (See John

Sanford.)
Silberstein, Robert J.
Attorney.

( Appeared Apr. 9, 1952 ; refused to
affirm or deny membership in the
Communist Party.)
Simon, Leo
Newspaperman.

Smith, Darr
Newspaperman.

Snider, Fred M.
Attorney.

(Appeared Oct. 1, 1952; refused to
affirm or deny membership in the
Communist Party.)
Solomon, Miriam
Social Worker
Solotoy, Percy
Attorney

(Appeared as witness Sept. 17, 1951,
and refused to affirm or deny
membership in Communist
Party.)

Identified as Communist by —
David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.

David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.

Martin Berkeley, Sept. 19. 1951.
Elizabeth Wilson, Sept. 21, 1951.

Louise Light Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.

Louise Light Silver, Jan. 22, 1952.

Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.

David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
William G. Israel, Jan. 25, 1952.
Milton S. Tyre, Dec. 14, 1951.

David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.

Charles Judson, Jan. 26, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Urcel Daniel, July 8, 1952.
Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.
Charles Judson, Jan. 26, 1952.
Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Urcel Daniel, July 8, 1952.
David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.

Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.

66 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Solotoy, Mrs. Percy (also known as
Sonya Solotoy)
Attorney
Sosin, Dr. Max
Dentist

(Appeared as witness Oct. 3, 1952,
and refused to affirm or deny
membership in the Communist
Party.)
Specter, Frank

Communist Party functionary
Sperber, Lawrence
Attorney

(Appeared as witness Oct. 1, 1952,
and refused to affirm or deny
membership in the Communist
Party.)
Sperling, Dr. Sam
Psychiatrist

(Appeared as witness Oct. 3, 1952,
and refused to affirm or deny
membership in the Communist
Party.)
Steinberg, Max

Communist Party functionary
Steinmetz, Fred
Attorney

(Appeared as witness Sept. 30, 1952,
and refused to affirm or deny
membership in the Communist
Party.)
Sulton, J.

Communist Party functionary
Tenner, Jack
Attorney

(Appeared as witness Oct. 1, 1952,
and refused to affirm or deny
membership in the Communist
Party.)
Todd, Louise

Communist Party functionary
Tourney, Jim

Communist Party
Tracy, James

Railroad organizer
Turrett, Leon
Attorney

(Appeared Oct. 6, 1952, and refused
to affirm or deny membership in
the Communist Party.)
Tyre, Milton S.
Attorney.

(Appeared Jan. 25, 1952, and re-
fused to affirm or deny his mem-
bership in the Communist Party
under oath.)
Wallace, Jane. (See Jane Wilson.)
Walsh, Julia

International Labor Defense Secre-
tary.
Ward, Bill

Policeman, Los Angeles.
Ward, Clara

Communist Party functionary.
Weiner, William

Communist Party functionary.

Identified as Communist by-
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Alice Bennett. May 22, 1952.
Louise Light Silver, Jan. 22, 1952.

Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.

Louise Light Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.
Dr. Sam Reznick, Sept. 11, 1951.

Max Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.

David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Albert Herzig, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
Milton S. Tyre, Dec. 14, 1951.
Wm. G. Israel, Jan. 25, 1952.

Max Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.

David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
Milton S. Tyre, Dec. 14, 1951.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.

David Aaron, Jan. 23, 1952.
Albert Herzig, Jan. 23. 1952.
Marburg Yerkes, Jan. 24, 1952.
Wm. G. Israel, Jan. 25, 1952.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.
Max Silver, Jan. 21, 1952.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 67

Identified as Communist by —
Wilson, Jane Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Communist Party functionary.
Wilson, John (Jack) Harold Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Newspaperman. Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17. 1951.

Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.

Winebrenner, Dolph Charles Daggett, Jan. 21, 1952.

Newspaperman. Charles Judson, Jan. 26, 1952.

Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.
Urcel Daniel, July 8, 1952.
Witczak, Sam Dr. Mendell M. Krieger, Sept. 11, 1951.

Communist Party functionary.
Wood, Barry, (See Jeff Kibre.)
Yates, Oleta O'Connor. (See Oleta

O'Connor.)
Young, Charles Mildred Ashe, Sept. 17, 1951.

Needle trade worker.
Zukas, Branislaus Alice Bennett, May 22, 1952.

Social Worker, ex-union organizer.

ROLE OF THE COMMUNIST PRESS IN THE COMMUNIST

CONSPIRACY

The committee, during the course of its investigations, particularly
those relating to the Sorge spy case, recognized that the Communist
press had an essential role in the Communist espionage operations.

The investigation disclosed that in 1936, Max and Grace Granich
were sent to Shanghai, China, by the Communist Party of the United
States to organize, edit, and publish a Communist propaganda organ
which could be circulated throughout the entire East. In furtherance
of instructions of their Communist superiors, Max and Grace Granich
published in Shanghai, from March 1936 until November 1937, the
Voice of China, which spread Communist propaganda throughout
the Far East.

Because of this obvious Communist propaganda, the Granichs
encountered frequent difficulty with the Chinese and French au-
thorities. As a result, the Granichs were recalled to the United States
by the Communist Party. Efforts of the Communist Party to replace
the Granichs in China were thwarted by the outbreak of war there
in 1937. This, however, was not the end of the Granichs' usefulness
to the Communist conspiracy.

During the period following the return of the Granichs to the
United States, the Communist Party in the United States found itself
confronted with the problem of avoiding the requirements of the
Foreign Agents' Registration Act. This was during the period when
the Daily Worker, official organ of the Communist Party, was en-
deavoring to conceal its relationship with the Communist Party and
the Communist Party here was itself trying to conceal its true rela-
tionship with the Communist International in Moscow. For this
reason, Grace Granich, upon the direction of the Communist Party,
in March 1941, established the Intercontinent News Service in New
York City.

Under the operation of Grace Granich, Intercontinent News Service
was a device used by the Communist Party and the Daily Worker
to obtain party information and official directives from the Communist
International in Moscow.

68 ANNUAL REPOKT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Identified as Commum

st by —

Morris L. Appehnan, Jan.

10, 1952

Louis F. Budenz, Jan. 15,

1952.

Louis F. Budenz, Jan. 15,

1952.

Louis F. Budenz, Jan. 15,

1952.

Louis F. Budenz, Jan. 15,

1952.

In line with Communist Party instructions, Grace Granich reg-
istered her news service as an agent of the Kussian Government, thus
hoping to divert public attention from the connection between the
Daily Worker and Moscow.

The committee's investigation disclosed that the Intercontinent News
Service was an effective pipeline through which the Daily Worker and
the Communist Party received the official party line to be followed
from Moscow.

Max and Grace Granich were subpenaed and appeared before the
committee. However, they refused to answer any questions concern-
ing the Communist connections of the Voice of China, Intercontinent
News Service, as well as the accusations of their own Communist
Party connections.

Through the testimony furnished the committee by Mr. Louis L.
Appelman, Miss Elizabeth T. Bentley, and Mr. Louis F. Budenz, re-
lating to the role of the Communist press in the Communist con-
spiracy, the following individuals were identified as members of the
Communist Party :

Allen, James S.
Benjamin, Herbert
Benjamin, Mrs. Herbert
Bittelman, Alexander
Blankfort, Michael

Writer.

(Appeared before committee Jan.
28, 1952, and denied Communist
Party membership; still under
investigation.)
Boldt, Howard
Bransten, Louise

(now Louise Berman)
Bridges, Harry
Browder, William
Childs, Morris
Davis, Benjamin J.

Daily Worker.
Gebert, Boleslaw

Espionage agent.
Gold, Mike
Golos, Jacob
Gromov, Anatole
Granich, Grace Maul
Granich, Mas
Halperin, Maurice

Formerly head of Research and Anal-
ysis Division, Office of Strategic
Services, Latin American branch.
Harris, Lemuel Upham

Controller, Dailv Worker funds.
Jaffe, Philip
Jerome, V. J.
Kuntz, Edward

Attorney for Daily Worker.
Lawson, John Howard
Martell,

Teacher at party school.
Page, Charles
Page, Polly
(Mrs. Charles Page)

Louis
Louis

Louis
Louis
Louis
Louis

F.
F.

F.
F.
F.
F.

Budenz,
Budenz,

Budenz,
Budenz,
Budenz,
Budenz,

Jan.
Jan.

Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.

15,
15,

15,
15,
15,
15,

1952.
1952.

1952.
1952.
1952.
1952.

Louis F. Budenz, Jan. 15, 1952.

F.
F.

Budenz, Jan. 15,
Budenz, Jan. 15,
Elizabeth Bentley, Jan. 15,
Elizabeth Bentley, Jan. 15,

Louis
Louis

1952.
1952.
1952.
1952.

Morris L. Appelman, Jan. 10, 1952.
Elizabeth Bentley, Jan. 15, 1952.

Louis F. Budenz, Jan. 15, 1952.

Morris L. Appelman, Jan. 10, 1952.
Morris L. Appelman, Jan. 10, 1952.
Louis F. Budenz, Jan. 15, 1952.

Morris L. Appelman, Jan. 10, 1952.
Morris L. Appelman, Jan. 10, 1952.

Morris L. Appelman, Jan.
Morris L. Appelman, Jan.

10, 1952.
10, 1952.

ANNUAL REPORT. COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 69

Peters, J.

(also known as Alexander Stevens)
Communist Party functionary under-
ground.
Pressman, Lee
Scherer, Marcel

UE.
Stachel, Jack

Underground Communist Party
agent.
Tenney, Helen

Soviet agent in the Office of Strategic
Services.
Trachtenberg, Alexander
Weiner, Robert William

Communist Party and Daily Worker
functionary.

Buchmah, Alice
(J lass, Frank

Identified as Communist by —
Louis F. Budenz, Jan. 15, 1952.

Louis F. Budenz, Jan. 15, 1952.
Louis F. Budenz, Jan. 15, 1952.

Louis F. Budenz, Jan. 15, 1952.

Elizabeth Bentley, Jan. 15, 1952.

Louis F. Budenz, Jan. 15, 1952.
Louis F. Budenz, Jan. 15, 1952.

Identified as Trotzkyite by —
Morris L. Appelman, Jan. 10, 1952.
Morris L. Appelman, Jan. 10, 1952.

COMMUNIST ACTIVITIES AMONG YOUTH GROUPS

In February, the committee took testimony from Harvey M. Matu-
sow relative to Communist activities among youth. Matusow joined
the Communist Party through the organization, American Youth for
Democracy, this latter organization being the successor to the Young
Communist League. In justice to this witness, it is only fair at this
point to set forth that, while he joined the Communist Party of his
own volition, in October 1947, he started in 1950 to furnish the Federal
Bureau of Investigation with information on the activities of the
Communist Party and continued to do so until he was expelled in
January 1951. Incidentally, one of the charges filed against him by
the Communist Party was that he was acting as an agent for the
Government.

Valuable knowledge was gained from the witness on the operation of
a summer camp in up-State New York, known as Camp Unity. This
camp, which is patronized in the main by teen-age boys and girls, is
operated by the Communist Party even though this fact is kept from
the general public. Testifying with respect to the camp, Matusow
related that the camp personnel was entirely composed of members of
the Communist Party and that he was selected by the Communist Party
to manage the distribution of Communist literature which he sold to
the campers. He stated further that he was instructed by the Com-
munist Party as to the type of literature to project, depending on the
political affiliations of campers or guest speakers.

All campers at Camp Unity are not members of the Communist
Party, but nearly all have been determined as favorable to the Com-
munist Part} 7 , so that a concentration upon these non-Communists
by Communist personnel during a stay usually brings their submis-
sion to Communist Party membership and discipline. In testifying
on the morals of the youth in the Communist movement, Matusow
told of parties where moral standards were completely ignored. He
also told of the use of narcotics by some members of the Communist
Party, but he possessed no knowledge as to whether this use was en-
couraged by the Communist Party.

70 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Matusow testified with respect to the Communist control exercised
by the Communist Party over the Young Progressives of America
and the Labor Youth League, which organization succeeded the
American Youth for Democracy.

The witness was well equipped to also testify with respect to Com-
munist activities among the entertainment profession, especially those
in the folk-song field. Many of these belong to the Communist-con-
trolled "People's Songs," which recently changed its name to "People's
Artists."

Associated with the witness as members of the Communist Party
were Joy Silver and Paul Robeson, Jr., who were the leaders of the
American youth in attendance at the Berlin Youth Festival in 1951.
While Robeson, Jr., was denied a passport, all those who did attend
obtained their passports by fraudulent means in that they failed to
list their true destination or purpose of their travel. The witness
testified regarding an instance of travel by a Puerto Rican Communist
to Europe. Matusow carried to him instructions from the Communist
Party directing him not to list his true destination or purpose of
travel.

Following this testimony, the chairman, upon direction of the com-
mittee, introduced legislation intended to tighten up our passport
laws and thereby eliminate fraudulent travel by Communists. This
legislation should be enacted early in the coming Congress.

In the course of his testimony in Washington, D. C, dealing with
Communist efforts to control youth groups, Harvey M. Matusow
identified the following individuals as members of the Communist
Party :

Aaronson, Norma, president, local 16, UOPWA

Abrams, Carl, radio script writer

Aptheker, Herbert, teacher, Jefferson School

Ballinger, Sidney, manager, Jefferson School Book Shop

Baron, Rose, manager, Workers' Book Shop, Communist Party functionary

Bassett, Ted, party organizer

Beach, Ethel (Sandy), placement bureau, UOPWA, New York City

Bernardi, Betty (Mrs. Hesh Bernardi) , employed at Camp Unity

Bernardi, Hesh, employed at Camp Unity

Bernstein, Pearl, employed at Camp Unity

Bernstein, Elmer, employed at Camp Unity ; presently doing musical scores for

pictures in Hollywood
Bernz, Harold, Jefferson School Bookshop
Berry, Abner, editor, on Daily Worker

Berry, Rosalie (Mrs. Abner Berry), registrar of the Jefferson School
Black. Henry, librarian at Jefferson School
Bonofsky, Philip, writer

Bordofsky, Ben, director, Wholesale Book Corp.
Bradford, William ( Bill ) , Jefferson School Bookshop
Brown, Mel, employee, Jefferson School Bookshop

Bucholt, Joe, Communist Party functionary ; organizer, Labor Youth League
Buckingham, Sue

Callen, Diez, student, Columbia University
Callen, Monnie (Mrs. Diez Callen)
Casatta, Mario (Boots), former editor of Peoples' Songs Bulletin and organizer

of Peoples' Songs of Los Angeles
Claiborne, Adrian (Mrs. Robert Claiborne), People's Songs and Farmer's Union
Claiborne, Robert (Bob)
Coleman, James, editor, New Foundations

Collins, Charles, officer, Hotel and Restaurant Workers Union, New York
Colon, Jesus, IWO, Puerto Rican
Daniels, Roger

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 71

Darr, John W., Jr. (Rev.)

Davis, Ben, Jr., convicted Communist leader

DeCormier, Betty, employed at Camp Unity. Former wife of Robert DeCormier

DeCormier, Robert, employed at Camp Unity

DeLarco. Fran, member of People's Songs

Diskin, Bernice (wife of Lou Diskin)

Diskin, Lou. Communist Party functionary; former head of New York state

Labor Youth League
Dorfman, Carl, assistant to William Z. Foster
Drucker, Louis, employee of Wholesale Book Corp.
Duncan, Laura, employed at Camp Unity
Durkin, James, president, UOPWU

Engler, Sam, State educational director of Labor Youth League
Finkel, Seymour

Finkelstein, Sidney, instructor at the Jefferson School, author
Fogel, Enid (Mrs. Robert. Fogel)
Fogel, Robert, Communist Party organizer
Foner, Jack, employee of the furrier workers' union

Fox, Jean (Mrs. Kenneth Fox), corresponding secretary for People's Songs
Fox, Kenneth, People's Songs
Foy, Hope, formerly with "the Weavers"
Frankfeld, Phil, head of Communist Party in Baltimore
Freeman, Mort, employee, Camp Unity
Gates, Lillian (Mrs. John Gates)

Gay, Harry, West Side regional organizer of the Labor Youth League
Gibson, Jackie, full-time employee of Communist Party
Gilbert, Ronnie (woman) , member of People's Songs and "the Weavers"
Gold, Ben, president, furrier workers union
Goldway, Dave, director, Jefferson School
Goldway, Tillie (Mrs. Dave Goldway), teacher
Goodelman, Aaron J., teacher, Jefferson School
Gordon, Hallie Wood, member, People's Songs
Gottlieb, Vicki, employee, Camp Unity
Green, Adolph, member of People's Songs
Greenspan, Mrs. Jack

Greenspan, Jack, organizer, United Office and Professional Workers Union
Grennel, Horace, faculty, Jefferson School
Guthrie, Woodie, member, People's Songs
Halpern, Liz

Hammett, Dashiell, author

Hardy, Edward, Communist Party organizer, State of Texas
Haufricht, Betty (Mrs. Herbert), organizer, Communist Party
Haufricht, Herbert, member of People's Artists
Hays, Lee, member, "the Weavers"
Hellerman, Freddie, member of People's Songs
Hillie, Wally, official of People's Songs

Hunton, W. A. (Alpheus), director or vice chairman of Council on African Affairs
Huston, Cisco, recording artist for Young People's Records
Hutchinson, James, teacher-conductor ; instructor, Jefferson School
Ireland, Richard
Irwin, Silber, executive director of People's Songs, music section organizer for

the Communist Party
Jacobson, Leonard, official of People's Songs
Jaffe, Joe, employee, Camp Unity
James, Oscar, worked full time at Workers Book Shop in New York. Communist

Party organizer.
Jaroslow, Jerry, employee, Camp Unity

Jenks, Clint, regional organizer for the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers Union
Kelber, Harry, employed, Trade Union Service
Kewskin, Herb
Kewskin, Yale

Klein, Harry, member of People's Songs
Kogel, Lenny, employed at'Camp Unity
Kramer, Aaron, poet, employee UOPWA
Kramer, Terry, employee, People's Songs, Inc.
Kruckman, Herbert, art teacher, Jefferson School

72 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Krushenick, Johnny (also known as Johnny Rush), editorial group, People's
Songs

Landauer, Sam, American Newspaper Guild, Local 3, New York City

Lawrence, Vicki

Lawson, Elizabeth, teacher, Jefferson School

Lee, York ( may be Lee York )

Lefkowitz, Irving (Lefty)

Lefkowitz, Laura (Mrs. Irving)

Lieberman, Ernie, member of People's Artists

Leibowitz, Bob, student, City College, New York City

Lippman, Bernie

Litch, Benna

Lowenfield, Walter, editor, Philadelphia edition of Daily Worker

McGhee, Browning, member People's Songs, Inc.

Mclntyre, Harry

McRay, Otis, Communist Party organizer

McRay, Phillis, employed at Camp Unity
(Mrs. Otis McRay)

Maggusu, Toni, one-time director of People's Artists

Miirtel, Harry, teacher at Jefferson School.

Mason, Dolly, office employee at Jefferson School

Max, Allen, teacher, Jefferson School, former city editor of Daily Worker

Monas, Ray, employed at Camp Unity
Mooney, Helen (sister of Irwin Silber)

Morford, Rev. Richard

Nadler, Al, member of People's Songs

Nadler, Shirley (also known as Lydia Edwards), member of People's Songs

Nesi, James, teacher, Jefferson School

Nesi, Ruth (Mrs. James) , employed, Wholesale Book Corp. and Jefferson School

Nessolroth, Raoul, full-time employee of Communist Party

Nessolroth, Vicky (Mrs. Raoul)

Newirth, Bob, University of Chicago

Norman, Winifred, officer, Local 1G, UOPWA

Ostrowsky, Clara, assistant librarian at Jefferson School

Paley, Tom, American Folksay Group, People's Songs

Parent, Ernie, Communist Party organizer

Pascoff, Ben, teacher, Jefferson School

Patterson. William L., national executive secretary of the Civil Rights Congress

Peladori, Janice (Mrs. Neal Peladori)

Peladori, Neal, official of People's Songs

Perry, Carrie, full-time employee of the New York County Communist Party

Phiffer, Carol

Phillips, Furman

Plever, Gerb

Rheinfeld. Irene (Mrs. Milton Rheinfeld)

Rheinf eld, Milton (Meshie)

Rivington. Ann, worked on Harlem edition of Sunday Worker

Robeson, Marilyn (Mrs. Paul, Jr.), employed at Camp Unity

Robeson, Paul, Jr.

Robinson. Earl, composer

Rodriguez, Helen

Rubenstein, Nettie, principal, Robert Louis Stevenson School, New York City

Sacco, Joe, employed, Grey Advertising Agency in 1949

Sacco, Nola (Mrs. Joe Sacco)

Saha, Art, East Side organizer, LYL.

Sanders, Betty, official of People's Songs

Sax, Milton

Schappes, Morris

Schappes, Sonia (Mrs. Morris U. Schappes), Manager, Book Fair

Schlanger, Bob

Schwendinger, Hy, editorial board, People's Songs, Inc.

Seeger, Pete, official, People's Songs, Inc.

Selsam, Howard, director, Jefferson School — teacher

Selterman, Joe

Sharf, Lee

Sheik, Jules

Siegel, Gloria

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 73

Silber, Irvin, executive director of People's Songs, Inc., also known as People's
Artists

Sillen, Samuel, writer for International Publishers

Smith, Ferdinand C, officer of National Maritime Union

Smith. Jessica, writer

Speed, Mrs. (mother of Jane Speed), ran Communist Bookshop in Birmingham

Speed, Jane (Mrs. Caesar Andrean Ingleas), Communist Party organizer

Stpiier, Ceorge, labor specialist, Jefferson School

Steck, Robert (Bob), in charge of hiring of personnel at Camp Unity

Steck. Jo (Mrs. Robert Steck), employed at Camp Unity

Steinberg, Sam

Sufferin, Herb, employed at Camp Unity

Talkington, Lester, president, Local 21, ULPA

Tarrentola, Joe, Communist Party organizer

Tarrentola, Selma (Mrs. Joe Tarrentola)

Thomas, Everett (Teak)

Torg, Artie

Turetsky, Murray

Turetsky, Tzvia (Mrs. Murray)

Vila. William, member, Labor Youth League

Vincent, Craig

Vincent, Jennie Wells (former wife of Harry Wells, now wife of Craig Vincent)

Walkeustein, Jack

Ward, Roosevelt, Jr., Communist Party organizer

Weinstock, John, employed at Camp Unity

Weinstock. Johnnie, member, Labor Youth League

Wells. Dr. Harry (also known as Dan Wells), teacher of philosophy at Jefferson
School

Wells, Harry K. (alias Dan Wells), teacher at Jefferson School

Wheeler, Irene

Wilkerson, Doxey

Williamson. Mel, organizational secretary, Labor Youth League

Winston, Leon, teacher

Wofsy, Leon, national director of LYL

Wolfe, Bob, song writer

Wolff, Milton, representative CRC

Wood. Inez (Mrs. Randy Wood), full-time employee of district 65, Distribu-
tive Workers Union

Wood, Randy, active in People's Artists

Yellen. Dave, now serving time in New York State penal institution

York, Lee. {See Lee, York.)

DR. EDWARD U. CONDON

Dr. Edward U. Condon was appointed director of the National
Bureau of Standards in November 1945. This appointment was made
even though it was known at that time by the executive branch of
Government that Dr. Condon had not been permitted to visit Soviet
Russia and that a passport issued by the State Department had been
revoked upon the request of intelligence authorities.

Dr. Condon had, early in the development of nuclear fission, been
offered a position on the atomic bomb project at Los Alamos, N. Mex.
After a short while, Dr. Condon rejected that appointment voicing his
distain for the security regulations which were necessary at Los
Alamos.

During the course of its investigations to ascertain the extent and
success of Soviet espionage activities relating to the atom bomb, the
committee w T as amazed at the numerous instances in which it was dis-
closed that Dr. Condon was acquainted with known and suspected
espionage agents. The committee did not, nor does it now, possess
information that Dr. Condon was a Communist or committed any

74 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

act of espionage. However, because of his associates and disdain
for security regulations the committee recognized his vulnerability in
any post of security. For this reason the committee issued a report
in 1948 setting forth the information it possessed concerning Dr.
Condon's associations. It was hoped that Dr. Condon would volun-
tarily resign but if he did not it should serve as a warning to Dr.
Condon as well as security officers that his associations disqualified
him from access to classified material.

Dr. Condon did not resign but rather attempted to justify his as-
sociations and not only claimed his lack of knowledge of any espionage
activities on the part of these people, but in some instances went so
far as to voice confidence in their complete honesty, notwithstanding
unshaken testimony of others, even though he made no inquiry as to
the veracity of these charges.

Dr. Condon adopted the attitude that because he had not appeared
before the committee he had been maligned when the report was
issued, although he did not deny his association with these known
and suspected Soviet espionage agents, but claimed that his associa-
tions with them were perfectly normal and that he had not engaged in
espionage with them.

In 1952, a Member of Congress, in prefacing a statement on the
floor of Congress, charged the committee with failure to hear Dr.
Condon. As a result the committee voted to invite Dr. Condon to
appear before it. Dr. Condon declined the invitation and the com-
mittee voted to subpena him.

Dr. Condon was heard on September 5, 1952, at which time he
reiterated his lack of knowledge of the espionage activities of the
persons the committee had named as having associated with him, and
denied having ever been a Communist.

Dr. Condon's appearance, however, served to confirm the com-
mittee's belief that because of his propensity for associating with
persons disloyal or of questionable loyalty and his contempt for
necessary security regulations, that he is not qualified for acceptability
to any security position.

METHODS OF COMMUNIST INFILTRATION IN THE
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

The committee has long been puzzled at the relative ease with which
individuals who have been identified as members of the Communist
Party have gained employment in the United States Government.

Through the records of hearings before the committee in the past,
there has been exposure of Communist Party cells and persons en-
gaged in Soviet espionage within various agencies of the executive
branch of the Government. With this in mind, the committee has
commenced an investigation to ascertain the methods which were
used in securing employment for these Communists and to determine
how it was possible for these Communists to move from one agency
to another with apparent ease.

The committee definitely believes that there is a pattern being fol-
lowed through which these persons secured employment and transfers
and it is intensifying its efforts to ascertain the key that will explain
this Communist operation.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 75

THE ARMY SIGNAL CORPS INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

The Army Signal Corps Intelligence Agency is one of the most
"sensitive" groups in the field of intelligence activities in Washington.
Composed of approximately 90 civilian employees and 21 military
personnel, it is the receiving center for intelligence reports from
world-wide sources, chiefly concerning telecommunications infor-
mation needed by American intelligence agencies. Its files contain
such information, stored in chronological fashion, and are used as
the basis of reports. It also collects reports on radar stations, tele-
phonic and telegraphic communications vital to the national defense.
The attention of the committee was called to alleged subversive
conditions in this top-secret Agency through a remarkable "petition
to Congress" signed by 10 Agency employees. The petition was
signed by the following :

Lt. Col. Ollie J. Allen, executive officer

Capt. Robert M. Herron, Chief of Contacts Branch

Lt. Harry Donohue, Chief, Strategic Branch

Edwin Y. Webb, Jr.

Robert L. Stilmar, Chief, Scientific Branch

Kurt G. Happe, Chief, Area II

Stephen J. Roberts, Chief, Area IV

Mrs. Doris C. Swain, secretary

William H. Thompson

Lionel Hirschhorn
The petition contained a long recitation of incidents involving
other Agency employees which indicated, in the opinion of the signers,
the presence of security risks in the Agency.

We the undersigned —

the petition stated —

respectfully petition the Congress of the United States to investigate conditions
of 2 years' duration in and surrounding the Signal Corps Intelligence Agency,
and execute the necessary corrective measures to remove all subversive elements
and security risks therefrom, thereby improving the security of the United
States.

Inquiry developed that the charges preferred by the 10 petitioners
had been under investigation by military intelligence for more than
a year before they were submitted to Congress. Seven civilian em-
ployees of the Agency had been accused. The complete files on these
cases were made available through the cooperation of Maj. Gen. A. R.
Boiling, Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2. These files indicated that
little tangible evidence, indicative of espionage or subversive activi-
ties, had been developed by the military investigation. The inves-
tigation did disclose an unrest, lack of morale, and bickering between
factions unseemly in an intelligence group of this importance.

The very fact that ten employees, three of them in officers' uni-
forms, saw fit to demand a congressional investigation of conditions in
their agency indicated a state of affairs inimical to security.

Coupled with this unsatisfactory state of affairs was the apparent
disappearance of a number of secret documents. An official inven-
tory by a security officer of the agency revealed "no record" for some
57 reports bearing the "top secret" label.

Subsequent checking resulted in another security officer report that
"certificates of destruction" or the documents themselves had been lo-

H. Kept. 2516, 82-2 6

76 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

cated by a more thorough search. Pentagon officials contended that
the first inventory had been "inadequate."

In view of regulations which insist that the custodianship of all
top-secret reports shall be recorded at all times, the committee cannot
minimize the seriousness of a condition which permitted the where-
abouts of even a single such document to be unrecorded at any time.
The inescapable conclusion is that lax security prevailed in the
Agency.

An intensive investigation by the committee staff added no sub-
stantial evidence to that gathered by Army investigators concerning
the accused employees. Several of those accused were also given full
held investigations by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and no de-
rogatory information, except for the charges of their fellow em-
ployees, was uncovered.

Admission of Communist sympathies was made by one employee
who left the Agency. No corroborating evidence was obtained con-
cerning numerous allegations by the complaining employees concern-
ing conversations in which certain employees talked in a vein indi-
cating procommunism in the opinion of the complainants.

The committee is assured that tight security precautions have been
established in the Agency which has been entirely reorganized as a
result of the military and congressional investigation.

The incident emphasizes the value of a standing congressional com-
mittee to which Government employees may appeal when they feel,
for one reason or another, that conditions exist which need correc-
tion. The unusual petition to Congress undoubtedly alerted the mil-
itary to strengthen security in the agency and to remedy conditions
which were not in the best interests of the national defense.

The committee has nothing but the highest praise for the 10 em-
ployees, 3 of them, in uniform, who sought the aid of Congress. All
are responsible citizens who became alarmed by conditions which
they regarded as a menace to national security. All have splendid mil-
itary and Government records which they knew they might be im-
periling by airing charges which could not please those in high au-
thority. All were motivated by an intense patriotism worthy of emu-
lation by all in Government employ.

REVIEW OF THE METHODIST FEDERATION FOR

SOCIAL ACTION

The committee, during the past, has received requests from Members
of Congress concerning the Methodist Federation for Social Action
and its predecessor, the Methodist Federation for Social Service, in
such volume that it became necessary to publish a careful review of
available information dealing w r ith these organizations.

The committee recognizes that these organizations do not represent
the Methodist Church or its members and in fact these organizations
have been repudiated by outstanding clergymen and laymen of the
Methodist Church. The committee is also aware that during the last
convention of the Methodist Church, further and more substantial
steps were taken to disavow any official connections with the Methodist
Federation for Social Action.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 77

FILES AND KEFEREXCE SERVICE

The Hies of the committee should not be thought of as files in the
ordinary sense which can be closed out and stored or destroyed peri-
odic-ally and forgotten but rather as a constantly growing, live col-
lect ion'of specialized material — a collection of books and pamphlets,
periodicals and leaflets, letterheads, handbills, and other documents
issued by or descriptive of subversive organizations and activities or
serving as contributory, background material to the subject. The
collection, the care and handling of that collection, and the various
types of reference service furnished might better be described as those
of a special library.

Due both to the type of work of this committee and to the nature
of the subject matter with which it is concerned, very old documents
and pamphlets and books must be handled constantly and kept as
readily accessible as the newer material which is constantly being
added. Books and pamphlets must be cataloged, periodical and cir-
culation records kept, and reference service furnished as in any
library. In addition, our own hearings and reports must be indexed
and a large volume of documents and clippings must be processed
properly and incorporated into the collection. This calls for careful
examination of each piece of material, correct classification of it to
place it with other information on the same subject, cross-referencing
to show additional subjects covered, and, in most cases, indexing to
even the smallest details which may later provide the necessary and
immediate answers to questions which arise. Even the proper hous-
ing of such a collection presents problems caused both by its inherent
nature and volume and by serious limitations of space and the suit-
able type of equipment.

However, in 1952, there have been incorporated into an already
voluminous collection 2,827 pages of printed hearings and reports of
this committee, about 200 books and pamphlets, 936 issues of news-
papers and magazines, and 600 to 700 documents of other kinds. The
number of clippings cannot even be estimated.

The reference service furnished during the vear has shown a steadv
increase, reflecting a greater growth in the amount of information
requested and furnished than in the actual number of separate requests
made. Records show that well over 3,600 inquiries involving about
9.500 individuals and approximately 2,000 organizations were an-
swered in 1952, an increase of about 300 in number of requests, 1,800
in number of individual names involved, with the number of organiza-
tions concerned remaining the same. The figures cannot show, how-
ever, that answers in most instances were naturally longer because
more information had been accumulated and made available for use
during the year, nor can numbers reveal the type and quality of the
reference service.

Since the files of the committee are not open for personal consulta-
tion by anyone other than the committee's own employees and the
designated representatives of the executive branch of the Government,
a very specialized reference service is furnished the Members of Con-
gress. Written requests are preferred in the interest of accuracy,
but telephone inquiries from Members' offices are also accepted daily.
These inquiries are handled by trained staff members who consult all

78 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

indexes and files for all available information on the subject or sub-
jects under consideration. They then review, compile, and report the
pertinent information as it appears in the committee's own public
hearings and reports and public documents contained in the commit-
tee's files. A total of 1,440 written reports were sent to Members of
Congress in 1952, and a conservative estimate of the number of pages
of such written memoranda would run over 10,000. This does not
include written replies in cases where no information was found on
the subject of the request.

Answers are also made by telephone in reply to verbal inquiries,
from Members of Congress, where there is no information on the sub-
ject to report, where only a brief answer or small amount of informa-
tion is needed, or in some few cases where extreme urgency demands it,
usually followed by a written report. Brevity of answer, however,
does not mean that less research work or knowledge of our subject
matter is required than in the written reply. About 1,000 inquiries
from Members of Congress were answered verbally in 1952.

As the number and range of the committee's investigations and hear-
ings increased during the year, so has the demand for information
from the committee's own staff members increased. The variety of
information and the type of answers needed by them may be guessed
from the description of the hearings and investigations described in
other sections of this report. Inquiries from staff members were
answered in varying manners, extending from the verification of a
single point or the loan of a single document to the writing of a
lengthy report or the loan of hundreds of documents for consultation
in connection with investigations or use as exhibits in hearings before
the committee.

A certain amount of reference service has also been furnished this
year in answering some requests made by private individuals who
showed a sincere and genuine need for information of the type which
is available here. Answers to such inquiries were necessarily greatly
restricted both as to number and as to length of answer because our
staff is not large enough to supply any considerable service of this kind.

Still another service has been furnished by the files section to the
executive branch of the Government whose agents must make a check
of the committee's files under provisions of the President's Executive
Order No. 9835 pertaining to the loyalty of Government employees.
Accordingly, arrangements have been made to give the designated
representatives of the various agencies access to all the information
in our files. While these men have made their own checks and have
compiled whatever information they found, it has still been necessary
for the staff of this section to answer innumerable questions as to our
records and to withdraw from files a great amount of documentary
material for their examination.

In 1952, these agents made 6,260 visits to the committee's files section,
about the same as last year, but recorded that they had checked the
names of almost 840,000 individuals through our records. This repre-
sents an increase of over 80,000 in names checked and probably indi-
cates longer visits on the part of persons not already assigned by their
agencies to full-time checking of our records. It has placed an addi-
tional burden upon our records, our working space and staff, but shows

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 79

an additional interest in, and use of, the information assembled here.
In conclusion, it is gratifying to report at the end of the year 1952
that the valuable and, in some instances, irreplacable collection of
material in the committee's files has not only been preserved and
augmented but has been used as a source of vital information to a
greater extent than in any previous year.

PUBLICATIONS

The work that has been done in the past by the committee in the
dissemination of literature exposing the workings of the Communist
Party is reflected in the increase of requests for committee publica-
tions during the year 1952. One after another, a series of events have
occurred on both national and international scenes which could very
easily have been anticipated years ago by a study of the pattern of
Communist tactics which have been revealed by hearings and reports
of the committee at least since 1938.

From the coup d'etat in Prague to the crossing of the thirty-eighth
parallel in Korea, with the prolonged fighting that has ensued in that
area, many things have happened to demonstrate the self-avowed
plans for world conquest by the Soviet Union. That these things
have intensified the desire of thousands of individuals to know more
about this Communist conspiracy in order to combat it in this country
is evident from the letters received by the committee asking for all
available information on the subject.

One of the principal functions of the publications section of the
committee staff is supplying material requested by congressional offices
and governmental agencies. These requests in 1952 have exceeded
those for any other year and have been for information or publica-
tions dealing with Communist infiltration into every field which has
been exposed by the committee. These include the Hollywood motion-
picture industry, professional groups, labor unions, farming, the press,
youth groups, and our own Government.

Students and faculty members of schools and colleges have sought
information for use in classes which are being conducted on the Com-
munist menace, and, according to their letters, a great deal of com-
mittee material is used for reference purposes in these studies. We
have endeavored to supply these publications in as many cases as
possible, even though our supply is very limited.

It is gratifying to see the concerted effort on the part of the major
labor organizations in preventing Communists who have been highly
trained in methods of infiltrating them and gaining control from
accomplishing their purposes. Printed copies of the many hearings
which the committee has conducted in this field have been in great
demand by numerous trade-unionists and union offices.

It has been possible for the committee staff to fill requests for almost
a half-million of these publications during the year 1952. 1

Many letters requesting this material indicate that the publications,
when received, would be circulated among a number of persons, thus
increasing the individual value of each one.

1 In addition to these, the committee has also distributed thousands of copies of publica-
tions printed in previous years, as well as documents released by other congressional
committees and Government agencies.

80 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

Types of the many thousands of letters received weekly by the com-
mittee may be seen in the following :

Parks Air Force Base, Calif., November 7, 1952.
Dear Sirs : I am presently in the process of preparing a course of instruction
in security for air police students and would appreciate any literature of an
unclassified nature that you might have in this category.

*******

San Jose, Calif., October 2k, 1952.

Gentlemen : Thank you so much for sending us the copies of 100 Things You
Should Know About Communism. We have had many calls for the book and
know that it will help many of our people to realize the hold communism can get.
*******

Jersey City, N. J., November 2%, 1952.
Gentlemen : May we have 400 copies of 100 Things You Should Know About
Communism for use in this school?

*******

University of , November 25, 1952.

Gentlemen : We should very much appreciate having for this library a copy
of the Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications (and appendix) re-
vised May 14, 1951.

Dr.

Gloucester, Mass., November 24, 1952.

Dear Sirs : Please send me any available pamphlets that you have on com-
munism.

* * * * * * *

Chicago, III., November 25, 1952.
Dear Sirs : In the interest of the Railroad Retirement Board and its staff, the
library is writing to request a copy of your publications, Communist Activities
Among Professional Groups in Los Angeles Area, Part 1 ; Communism in Detroit
Area, Part 1 ; Communist Infiltration of Hollywood Motion Picture Industry,
Parts 6-8.

Committee Publications for the Second Session of the Eighty-second

Congress, 1952

Review of the Methodist Federation for Social Action

Role of the Communist Press in the Communist Conspiracy

Communist Infiltration of Hollywood Motion-Picture Industry — Part 7

Communist Activities Among Professional Groups in Los Angeles Area — Part 1

Communism in the Detroit Area — Part 1

Communism in the Detroit Area — Part 2

Communist Activities Among Youth Groups

Methods of Communist Infiltration in the United States Government

Communist Infiltration of the Hollywood Motion-Picture Industry — Part 8

Communist Activities Among Professional Groups in the Los Angeles Area —

Part 2
Testimony of Lynne L. Prout
Communist Activities in Chicago — Part 1
Communist Activities in Chicago — Part 2
Testimony of Dr. Edward U. Condon
Communist Activities Among Professional Groups in the Los Angeles Area —

Part 3
Communist Activities Among Professional Groups in the Los Angeles Area —

Part 4
Communist Infiltration of Hollywood Motion-Picture Industry — Part 9
Testimony of General Walter Bedell Smith
Communism in the Philadelphia Area

Communist Infiltration of the Hollywood Motion-Picture Industry — Part 10
Annual Report of the Committee on Un-American Activities for 1952

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 81

RECOMMENDATIONS

The committee, on the basis of investigations and hearings, has from
time to time made certain recommendations to the Congress for the
enactment of legislation which it feels is necessary to combat sub-
version.

The Internal Security Act of 1950 resulted directly from hearings
conducted before this committee and many of the recommendations
dealing with security against subversive aliens have been incorporated
in the McCarran- Walter immigration bill. Certain other of the rec-
ommendations have been enacted by resolutions of various Members
of Congress and other recommendations have been acted upon by the
executive branch of the Government. It is regrettable, however, that
in numerous instances recommendations that the committee has made
which would serve as a security safeguard against subversive activities
in the United States have not yet been enacted into law.

In order that the Congress and the American people might have an
understanding of the recommendations that have been made by the
committee in the past, there is being included a complete list of those
that have been made by the committee since the first session of the
Seventy-sixth Congress.

Recommendations contained in House Report No. 2, Seventy-sixth
Congress, first session, dated January 3, 1939 :

Although this committee has worked continuously since the adjournment of
Congress and has done everything within its power to get as many facts as
possible to the people, we have only skimmed the surface. We were able only
to hold brief hearings in New York and Detroit. We were urged to conduct hear-
ings in many other cities, such as Chicago, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Minneap-
olis, Milwaukee, Birmingham, Atlanta, New Orleans, San Antonio, Los Angeles,
San Francisco, Seattle, and Portland, but due to limited time and funds we were
unable to comply with these requests. We had hoped and planned to conduct
extensive hearings on the west coast because the evidence before the committee
indicates that this area ranks first in the extent of un-American activities and
propaganda. We received numerous letters from citizens and public officials in
the west-coast area urging us to hold hearings there. We have approximately
150 witnesses on the west coast that should have been heard. However, due
to a lack of funds, we were unable to devote any extensive consideration to
west-coast activities of Communist, Nazi, and Fascist groups. The situation is
so serious on the west coast that it would require G months of preparatory in-
vestigation before a committee would be ready to conduct hearings, and it is
probable that hearings would last 3 or 4 months.

Not only were we unable to investigate un-American activities and propaganda
in many important sections of the country ; but, as a matter of fact, we found it
impossible to investigate many of the important phases of un-American activi-
ties. Even as to those that we did investigate, we only scratched the surface.

In view of the foregoing, we do not think that the investigation has proceeded
far enough to justify us in recommending legislation to Congress. We need and
can secure much more information not only from sections of the country that
we have investigated but also from the larger areas that we have not even
touched before recommending legislation to Congress. Even after we are sup-
plied with full and complete information and facts, several months of considera-
tion must be devoted to the question of legislation. This will require expert
assistance and thorough research.

Legislative recommendations contained in Report No. 1, Seventy-
seventh Congress, first session, dated January 3, 1941 :

The committee realizes the difficulty of reaching and curbing certain phases
of un-American and subversive propaganda and activities through legislative
action. In view of our findings and the origin of these activities, we submit the
following recommendations as a partial legislative program :

The enactment of legislation to bring about the immediate mandatory deporta-
tion of alien spies and saboteurs.

82 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

The mandatory deportation of aliens who advocate any basic change in the
form of our Government.

The enactment of legislation requiring that all employees and officials of our
Federal Government be American citizens.

Withhold all Federal financial support from any educational institution which
permits members of its faculty to advocate communism, fascism, or nazism as
a substitute for our form of Government to the student body of these educa-
tional institutions. (This particular recommendation is not concurred in by Mr.
Voorhis, not because of disagreement with the principle involved but on the ground
that the administration of such an act is impossible without risking grave in-
justice being done to people seeking merely to explain the principles involved
in totalitarian philosophy.)

The enactment of legislation to outlaw every political organization which is
shown to be under the control of a foreign government. As long as these organi-
zations have a legal status in the United States, it will be difficult for any agency
of the Government to deal with them. We now know that they furnish the legal
apparatus for the operations of saboteurs, and the window dressing for espionage.
The committee believes that legislation can be worked out to outlaw such organi-
zations, and that this will in no sense constitute a violation of the Bill of Rights,
since such legislation would only affect organizations controlled or directed by
foreign countries.

The enactment of legislation to stop all immigration from foreign countries
that refuse to accept the return of their nationals found under American law
to be deportable from this country. This legislation is made necessary by the
fact that some foreign governments have refused to accept their own citizens
who have been deported by the United States Government.

As previously stated in the body of the report, the committee recommends
the passage of added legislation to place restrictions on the distribution of totali-
tarian propaganda, when that distribution involves any cost to the American tax-
payers, and when such propaganda emanates and is shipped from foreign
sources.

We recommend that the statutory period during which citizenship papers can
be revoked under existing law be extended to at least 10 years.

Due to the fact that the committee has discovered that many members of
foreign-controlled organizations have traveled on American passports which
have been fraudulently obtained, the committee feels that the statute of limita-
tions should be extended from 3 to 7 years. This is made necessary because of
the unusual difficulty in apprehending those who resort to the use of fraudulent
passports within the period of 3 years.

Recommendations contained in House Report No. 1, Seventy-
seventh Congress, first session, dated January 3, 1941 :

The committee recommends as a policy that employment in national-defense
industries or the Government service be denied to any person who has been and
is now active in any political organization which is found to be under the control
and guidance of a foreign government.

Recommendations contained in House Report No. 2742, Seventy-
ninth Congress, second session, dated January 2, 1947 :

That the Congress create an independent commission with authority to investi-
gate and to order the discharge of any employee or official of the Federal
Government whose loyalty to the United States is found to be in doubt.

That the Department of State and the Department of Justice be required by
law to publicize every 6 months the names and identity of all agents of any
foreign governments who are in the United States for either diplomatic, com-
mercial, or other purposes.

That the Department of Justice be required by law to establish within the
Department a special division devoted to the prosecution of subversive elements
now operating in the United States.

That the Attorney General be instructed by a proper resolution of the House
to report to the House the number of prosecutions instituted under the Voorhis
Act and the McCormack Alien Registration Act, and to advise the Congress if
new legislation is necessary to insure the security of this country.

That legislation should be enacted that would restrict Federal employment
to citizens of the United States and that only citizens be permitted to hold
office in any labor union subject to Federal laws.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 83

That legislation be enacted requiring that all alien Communists and other
subversive aliens be promptly deported and that the Immigration Service main-
tain a stringent screening process to restrain the present influx of aliens into
the United States and to determine whether their political background is inimi-
cal to the best interests of the United States Government.

Legislation should be enacted to restrict the benefits of certain tax-exemption
privileges now extended to a number of Communist fronts posing as educational,
charitable, and relief organizations.

The following is a quotation from committee Report No. 1996, Union Calendar
No. 588, Seventv-ninth Congress, second session, submitted by Chairman John S.
Wood, May 10, 1946 :

"The investigative staff of your committee has conducted an extensive investi-
gation into the various sources of financial aid to organizations engaged in the
dissemination of propaganda in the United States. The heart of propaganda
activities is, by necessity, sustained with money. Reasonable regulation of
tax exemptions and proper enforcement of such regulations would immediately
restrain to a large extent the vicious attacks now being made upon our constitu-
tional form of government."

That the House request, by proper resolution, a report from the Postmaster
General of the United States, setting forth the number of Embassies or foreign
agencies now enjoying second-class mailing privileges and also specifically iden-
tifying such agencies where the respective foreign governments do not accord
to our Embassies, Ministers, and other United States officials equal mailing
privileges in those countries, and that proper legislation be enacted by Congress
limiting the use of second-class mailing privileges to such Embassies and agencies
of those foreign governments which extend reciprocal privileges to officials of
the United States Government.

That legislation be enacted forbidding the use of the United States mails
under second-class mailing privileges to any and all newspapers and periodicals
printed in any language other than English, which do not carry a full English
translation, in parallel columns next to the foreign-language context.

That legislation be enacted denying the use of second-class mailing privileges
to any groups of persons or organizations engaged in the publication, distribution,
or promotion of subversive or un-American propaganda.

For many years, various organizations in the United States have permitted
membership under an alias or an assumed name, and have even gone so far as
to permit concealed or secret membership. It is recommended that the Congress
enact legislation designed to prohibit membership in any organization using
the United States mails or subject to Federal laws, by persons using an alias
or assumed name. Such legislation should also include a provision which would
clearly ban concealed or secret memberships in any such organizations as de-
scribed above. An exemption should be made for properly authorized law-
enforcement officers in the conduct of their investigations.

Recommendations contained in the annual report of the committee
to the House of Representatives, Eightieth Congress, second session,
dated December 31, 1948 :

In its annual report of January 3, 1940, the Special Committee on Un-Ameri-
can Activities characterized the Communist Party of the United States not as a
true political party but as a conspiracy in behalf of the Soviet Union. Our in-
vestigations and hearings during the past 2 years have borne out this conclusion
in the most startling fashion. The evidence now before us establishes beyond a
doubt that espionage and treasonable activity against these United States is,
in fact, the primary purpose of the organization. We are convinced that all other
outward activity and propaganda of the Communist Party, its front organiza-
tions, and controlled unions, serve merely to —

Enlist new recruits for the primary underground espionage apparatus.

Lend an idealistic camouflage to this sinister conspiratorial apparatus.

Act as its protective defense mechanism.

Provide it with funds and other resources.

The enacting of legislation to cope with this problem is a task confronting the
incoming Congress.

We recommend the early passage of legislation modeled substantially after
the so-called Mundt-Nixon bill, which passed the House last year by a roll-call
vote of 319 to 56.

84 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

In addition, we recommend that the espionage laws of the United States be
substantially strengthened by early laws of the new Congress, with special
attention to means for returning aliens to other countries upon conviction for
crimes against the United States. We also recommend that the penalties for
those properly cited for contempt of Congress be increased to a minimum of 5
years in prison and a $5,000 fine.

We further suggest that our immigration laws and passport-visa regulations
be carefully studied to determine what changes are necessary to prevent disloyal
elements from entering this country and remaining here.

Recommendations contained in the annual report of the committee
to the House of Representatives, Eighty-first Congress, first session,
for the year 1949, dated March 15, 1950 :

Looking back upon 4 years' experience as a standing committee of the House
of Representatives and almost 7 years as a special committee, we feel more
than ever impressed with the insidiousness and vastness of the ramifications
of the Communist movement and the urgent necessity for unflagging efforts
to expose and curb its machinations. To further the effectiveness of these
investigations and to curb the subversive activities of the Communist Party,
United States of America, its agents and its dupes, the committee recommends
the following action by the incoming House of Representatives :

The statute of limitations in espionage cases must be amended. Under our
present laws we have found that a long list of Communist operatives who have
committed acts of espionage and treachery in the interest of a foreign power
have remained immune to punishment due to the present form of the statute of
limitations.

The nature of modern war — the fact that nations find themselves confronted
nowadays with undeclared but actual warfare — makes it necessary that the
legal definition of treason and the penalties attached thereto be broadened to
cover a period like the present cold war.

Experience during the past 5 years has demonstrated that the embassies of
Communist-dominated countries constitute a focal point of Communist es-
pionage and propaganda. Such activity should be limited by proper safeguards
sternly enforced.

H. R. 3903, providing safeguards against the employment of subversive indi-
viduals in defense plants, should be adopted.

H. R. 10, providing for the supervision and detention of undeportable aliens,
should be enacted into law in order to deal with thousands of alien Communists
refused acceptance by the country of their birth.

It would be advantageous to enact legislation creating a presumption of law
that a committee quorum, once established, continues to exist.

Effective action against the well-coordinated, interlocking Communist net-
work requires the utmost teamwork among branches of the Government. Petty
rivalry or separatism can only work to the advantage of the Communists. A
small bit of information in the hands of one agency may well be the missing link
of an entire chain of evidence in the hands of another agency. Hence, the com-
mittee recommends the fullest cooperation between legislative and executive
arms of the Government in the matter of dealing with subversive activities.
Modification of the Executive order in loyalty and investigative cases is recom-
mended for consideration.

In a number of cases we have found that subversive elements will submit in-
formation to one arm of the Government when it suits their purpose and will
withhold it from another. Communist trade-unionists will deny their affiliations
before the National Labor Relations Board and refuse to affirm or deny them be-
fore a congressional committee. They will deny them in filling out form 57 in
applying for Federal employment and refuse to affirm or deny such affiliations
before this committee. It is highly necessary that the Department of Justice
take effective action against those who would make a tragic joke of law enforce-
ment. Here, again, there is room for maximum cooperation between the legisla-
tive and executive arms of Government.

In connection with national-defense contracts involving secret and classified
work for the Atomic Energy Commission, the Army, Navy, and Air Force legis-
lation should be enacted which subjects officers of national labor unions having
bargaining contracts to the same security standards as members who have access
to secret or classified material.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 85

Recommendations contained in the 1950 annual report of the com-
mittee to the House of Representatives, dated January 2, 1951 :

The year 1950 has marked a new stage in the struggle against communism in
the United States. The attack upon Korea makes it plain beyond all doubt that
communism has passed beyond the use of subversion to conquer the independent
nations and will now use armed invasion and war. With the Armed Forces of the
United States actually pitted in conflict against the legions of international com-
munism, the Communist Party of the United States can no longer be viewed pas-
sively as a group of mere political and ideological dissidents, but must be looked
upon with all seriousness as a military fifth column actively aiding our enemies.

Yet, today we find many of these potential fifth columnists employed in our
leading defense plants, making weapons to be used against the Communist
armies which they are pledged to support. To remove these persons from posi-
tions where they could sabotage our defense production, there was included in
the Wood-McCarran Communist-control bill a section which prohibits employ-
ment of Communist Party members in defense plants designated as such by the
Secretary of Defense. The committee recommends that the Congress adopt a
resolution calling upon the Secretary of Defense to immediately place in effect
the provisions of section 5 of Public Law 831, Eighty-first Congress.

The operations of the Smith Act and the Subversive Activities Control Act
of 1950, and the various Communist cases before the courts should be made
the subject of continuing study during the coming year, with a view to deter-
mine their effectiveness and the adoption of constantly improved methods of
restricting the operations of the Communist fifth column. We cannot afford
to allow ourselves to become hopelessly enmeshed in outworn legal technicalities
which oftentimes serve to give protection and encouragement to a most insidious
internal foe. We must streamline our legal machinery to meet the present
emergency, which poses legal problems never envisaged by our Founding Fathers.

Loopholes in the present laws and in procedure before congressional com-
mittees, which Communist lawyers are quick to exploit, should be plugged up.
The committee recommends that the Congress seriously consider authorizing
the use of technical evidence secured during the course of investigations in-
volving espionage, treason, or other crimes involving the security of the United
States, to intercept and use as evidence in any criminal proceeding information
obtained as the result of a technical surveillance.

Both in the courts and in hearings before our committee, the informative
value of testimony by those who have actually been inside the Communist move-
ment, either as undercover agents or as former party members, has been in-
creasingly demonstrated. In the light of the present world situation and the
possible aggravation of the Communist problem, it can be expected that legal
prosecutions will increase, making the services of qualified witnesses more and
more indispensable in building up evidence. Thought should be given to ways
and means of stimulating defections from the Communist movement and of
encouraging qualified informants.

In connection with hearings dealing with local 74 of the AFL Laborers'
Union, it was brought out that those operating under the discipline and direc-
tion of the Communist Party went through the process of formally resigning
from the party and then signing the non-Communist affidavit, in order to comply
with the provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act. A number of cases of this kind
have been brought to the attention of the committee. The incoming Congress
should study the advisability of amending the act in order to make such evasion
illegal and impossible.

Recommendations contained in the 1951 annual report of the com-
mittee to the House of Representatives, dated February 17, 1952 :

The committee feels that, in line with the findings on Soviet espionage in the
United States as reflected in the committee report, The Shameful Years, it is
necessary that positive steps be taken to stem Soviet espionage. It is felt that
Congress must take the initial steps to ascertain what legislation is necessary
to afford adequate protection against espionage. In the course of such congres-
sional study, it would be necessary to ascertain whether the existing laws relat-
ing to espionage have been properly enforced ; and, if not, proper responsibility
should be affixed.

The committee suggests that among the phases Congress should consider in
strengthening espionage legislation are :

86 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

A single comprehensive espionage statute applicable to both peacetime and
wartime. — This should incorporate the present provisions of wartime espionage
statutes, carrying a capital-punishment sentence. The statute of limitations
would not then apply in espionage any more than it applies to other crimes
carrying a capital punishment. The provisions of legislation dealing with the
unauthorized taking of classified Government papers and documents should be
broadened to include the transportation of such papers and documents in inter-
state or foreign commerce.

The broadening of the rules of admissibility of evidence. — The committee is
also aware that the executive branch of the Government is seriously being
hampered in the prosecution of persons engaged in espionage because of the
present limitations on evidence that may be presented in the courts. The com-
mittee realizes that the restrictions against the admissibility of evidence secured
from wire tapping has been imposed to protect the rights of the individual. The
committee, while desiring to maintain all of the rights of the individual, feels
that the rights of the individual can be preserved only if the national security
remains. It is the committee's opinion that, if Soviet espionage continues un-
checked, the rights of American citizens are being placed in graver danger than
would be the case with legalized wire tapping. The committee suggests, there-
fore, that Congress consider legislation to permit as evidence the results of wire
tapping in matters affecting the national security as well as in such crimes as
kidnaping and extortion. In order that a proper control might be exercised, it
is felt that, as in the matter of arrests, searches, and seizures, the judicial branch
of the Government should be empowered to authorize the use of such techniques.

Immunity for witnesses appearing before congressional, executive, or judicial
hearings. — The committee also feels that, since it is essential to any investiga-
tion, whether it be congressional, executive, or judicial, to have the testimony
of competent and informed witnesses, legislation should be enacted to effect a
greater latitude in granting immunity from prosecution to these witnesses.

The committee has frequently experienced instances where witnesses while
having information of undoubted value to the work of the committee, have
refused to answer questions on the basis that to do so might tend to incriminate
them. If such legislation as suggested by the committee were enacted, it would,
while maintaining the rights of the individual, permit the proper investigative
bodies to gather a true and comprehensive picture of the information they seek.

Reciprocal restrictions on travel by Soviet and satellite diplomats. — The com-
mittee's investigations have also disclosed that Soviet espionage has been assisted
by the fact that Soviet nationals have been given unlimited freedom to travel
throughout the United States and to and from Canada and Mexico. The com-
mittee's reports dealing with Soviet espionage show that Soviet officials have
abused this freedom to actively engage in espionage operations. This situation
exists even though United States diplomats in Russia and her satellites are
virtually under house arrest and under constant surveillance by the Russian
secret police. There have been instances in which United States officials have
been prohibited from contact with American nationals who were being held by
authorities in Soviet countries.

Tor these reasons, the committee feels that there should be reciprocal restric-
tions enforced by this country with the Soviet and satellite countries.

The committee also feels that, in order to afford a greater national security,
foreign nationals entering the United States should be required to surrender
their passports and/or visas at the point of entry and that these papers should
not be returned until the departure of the individual from the United States.

Issuance of passports. — The committee recommends that all persons securing
passports must, at the time the passport application is executed, state under
oath whether they will or will not visit any of the presently so-called ironTCurtain
countries.

The committee also recommends that if, in the course of travel abroad, any
person holding a passport finds it necessary to visit an iron-curtain country,
and did not indicate that he intended to visit an iron-curtain country on his
original application, he must obtain authority to make such a visit from either
a consular officer of the United States, the proper Ambassador, or a specified
member of the consular or ambassadorial staffs.

A similar provision, such as that set forth in paragraph 2 of this section,
should also be made applicable to all persons holding passports who desire to
visit any other country exclusive of iron-curtain countries and who have not
indicated their intention to visit these other countries on the original passport
application.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 87

It is hoped that these provisions will prevent American Communists from
receiving instructions from abroad. It is a well-known fact that American
Communists often travel abroad for the purpose of receiving instructions from
Communist functionaries, not only in the iron-curtain countries but in other
European countries as well.

Cancellation of passports. — The committee in the past has experienced several
instances in which persons for whom subpenas have been issued are found to
be outside the United States and the subpenas cannot be served upon them.
The committee recognizes the fact that a person might endeavor to use a pro-
longed absence from the country as a means to evade appearance before this,
as well as other congressional committees.

It is believed that in order to cope with such situations legislation should be
enacted to provide for the cancellation of the passports in the possession of
any United States citizen in a foreign country for whom a subpena is out-
standing within 6 months of the date upon which he receives personal notifica-
tion that such subpena is outstanding. Notice would be made by an accredited
oflicial designated by the United States Department of State.

Revocations of commissions in the armed services. — The committee, during its
hearings, has had the unfortunate experience of having had before it witnesses
who, while holding commissions in the armed services of the United States,
have refused to affirm or deny allegations of membership in the Communist Party
or Communist-front organizations. The committee is aware that a commission
in the armed services of the United States is a privilege accorded to citizens
of the United States of unquestioned loyalty and not an inherent right provided
for in the Constitution. This being the case, the committee recommends that
in any instance where a person holding a commission in the armed services
chooses to refuse to answer questions concerning his present or past membership
in the Communist Party, such commission shall be immediately revoked.

It will be recognized that many of these recommendations have
been enacted into law. Among those which have not been enacted
are some that should be given early attention by Congress so that our
country might have the legal channels necessary for our own protec-
tion in these critical times. Legislation must be enacted that will
cover the present serious situation in which, through our representa-
tion in the United Nations, our Armed Forces are combating an enemy,
although technically we are not in a state of war.

Since our espionage and internal-security legislation is now gaged
upon times of war and peace, these distinctions should be removed
in order that war measures may be enforced during this and similar
critical times.

In matters dealing with internal security, it is believed necessary
that emergency powers of the executive branch of the Government be
placed on a wartime basis in periods such as now exist.

As a result of the committee's findings regarding the extent of Com-
munist infiltration into vital defense areas, the committee is of the
opinion that it must again, and more forcibly, recommend, as it did
on January 2, 1951, that the Congress adopt a resolution calling upon
the Secretary of Defense to immediately place into effect the provi-
sions of section 5 of Public Law 831 of the Eighty-first Congress,
which states in part :

Sec. 5. (a) When a Communist organization, as defined in paragraph (5) of
section 3 of this title, is registered or there is in effect a final order of the Board
requiring such organization to register, it shall be unlawful —

(1) For any member of such organization, with knowledge or notice that
such organization is so registered or that such order has become final :

(A) In seeking, accepting, or holding any nonelective office or employment
under the United States, to conceal or fail to disclose the fact that he is a
member of such organization ; or

(B) To hold any nonelective office or employment under the United
States ; or

88 ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES

(C) In seeking, accepting, or holding employment in any defense facility,
to conceal or fail to disclose the fact that he is a member of such organ-
ization ; or

(D) If such organization is a Communist-action organizaiton, to engage
in any employment in any defense facility.

(2) For any officer or employee of the United States or of any defense
facility, with knowledge or notice that such organization is so registered or
that such order has become final :

(A) To contribute funds or services to such organization; or

(B) To advise, counsel, or urge any person, with knowledge or notice that
such person is a member of such organization to perform, or to omit to
perform, any act if such act or ommission would constitute a violation of
any provision of subparagraph (1) of this subsection.

(b) The Secretary of Defense is authorized and directed to designate and
proclaim, and from time to time revise, a list of facilities, as defined in paragraph
(7) of section 3 of this title, with respect to the operation of which he finds and
determines that the security of the United States requires the application of the
provisions of subsection (a) of this section. The Secretary shall cause such list
as designated and proclaimed, or any revision thereof, to be promptly published
in the Federal Register, and shall promptly notify the management of any
facility so listed ; whereupon such management shall immediately post con-
spicuously, and thereafter while so listed keep posted, notice of such designation
in such form and in such place or places as to give reasonable notice thereof to
all employees of, and to all applicants for employment in, such facility.

Paragraph 5 of section 3, referred to above, reads as follows :

(5) The term "Communist organization" means a Communist-action organ-
ization or a Communist-front organization.

Paragraph 7 of section 3 referred to above reads as follows :

(7) The term "facility" means any plant, factory, or other manufacturii g pi •
ducing or service establishment, airport, airport facility, vessel, pier, wate T *i ~m\
facility, mine, railroad, public utility, laboratory, station, or other establis:
or facility, or any part, division, or department of any of the foregoing. 'J
term "defense facility" means any facility designated and proclaimed by
Secretary of Defense pursuant to section 5 (b) of this title and included o;i tin
list published and currently in effect under such subsection, and which is in f«oi
pliance with the provisions of such subsection respecting the posting of notion
such designation.

The committee finds it again necessary to recommend legislation
which would broaden the rules of admissibility of evidence. The
security agencies are being seriously hampered in successful prosecu-
tion of violations of our espionage and internal-security statutes by
their inability to place into testimony evidence that has been secured
through use of wire tapping and similar investigative techniques.

One of the most important recommendations, in a matter which
has been sadly lacking in the past few years, was made by the com-
mittee on March 15, 1950, calling for the fullest cooperation between
the legislative and executive arms of the Government in the matter
of dealing with subversive activities. It is a tragedy that during the
past few years this cooperation has been for the most part one-sided
in that it was only congressional committees which were furnishing
information to agencies of the executive branch. Tl
demonstration of the benefits of such cooperation is
William Walter Remington in which, through the sole
efforts of this committee, sufficient information was secur
the executive branch to obtain an indictment against Rem

The committee further recommends that it be made a ci
person or persons to unauthorizedly transport in intersta
any Government document falling within a secret, coni
stricted, or top-secret classification.

ANNUAL REPORT, COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES 89

It is also recommended that the Civil Service Act be amended to
provide that Government employees under the Civil Service Act who
are employed in the United States or Territories must be citizens of
the United States or owe allegiance to the United States.

J i=>'

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10 93