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HARVARD: “UNIV ERSIEY:
LIBRARY
OF THE
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
13, ¥b0
Uy
q Pre by, 1943.
NOV 27 1923
‘S[[UM odBo JUaTaYIP ayy
JO JUSUIZBAI} FO dAIPBJUSSeIdaI 51 puNnoIs-youq pejured ayy, “spunod paipuny-oMy 4ynoqe sysiam pue Buo] Joos ANoJ-AjUAMy SI UBWIOAdS yseSAv] OU,
MUVd TVOIDOTOOZ AHL NI SNOHLAd "IVORY
“ Pa
=
5 a)
io:
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
NEW YORK
ZOOLOGICAL: SOCRE PY
CHARTERED IN 1895
OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY
A PUBLIC ZOOLOGICAL PARK
THE PRESERVATION OF OUR NATIVE ANIMALS
THE PROMOTION OF ZOOLOGY
Poe) ess
NEW YORK
OFFICE OF THE SOCIETY, 111 BROADWAY
JANUARY, 1916
COPYRIGHT 1916, BY
THE NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Glark & Fritts
’ PRINTERS
208 WEST 38TH STREET
NEW YORK
CONTENTS
BOARD OF MANAGERS
OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY :
OFFICERS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK AND oman.
MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY
SUMMARY OF MEMBERSHIP
REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE Coens
OBITUARY—Samuel Thorne : ; ; ‘ F
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR : 2 W. T. Hornaday
REPORT OF THE PENSION BOARD
REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR: AQUARIUM,
Charles H. Townsend
REPORT OF THE PROSECTOR
TREASURER’S REPORT:
Income Account
Maintenance Fund
Ground Improvement Fund
Animal Fund .
Stokes’ Bird Fund
Heads and Horns
Library Fund
Aquarium Maintenance Fund ;
New Building Fund—Corporate Stock No. 92.
Endowment Fund ,
Endowment Fund Income Weeount
Cadwalader Animal Fund
Wild Life Fund y
Improvement and Repair Account
Carnegie Pension Fund
Pension Fund Income Account
Tropical Research Fund
AUDIT COMPANY’S REPORT
AUDITING COMMITTEE’S REPORT
LIST OF ACCESSIONS:
Zoological Park
Aquarium .
DOCUMENTS:
Articles of Incorporation .
By-Laws
INDEX
7 Ya ” an
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. ‘ i i F ' : { if i f ' ee t
i iv ie , / / U Asi i, a 3
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y i i ‘ = y
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t VR i 5 1 = 4
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tho ti 1! i 7 b
+ a 2 U 1 ” ay A :
: aa ee ; ' ' ci ma
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ee 0 i y
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- = a ey { oil ie ; ) iad es Tn fi Le y ih : - rat a @
f ‘ } ie! - y iy / Fy ee ey aes ; ‘ 1 les Oa —_;, a
i
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r , i i i Tait - a ,
I i 7 iy in j | ih
ae | yf
h Pe h : i i i i ‘i ei =
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é ¥ f f ma, —e > ; if : : i
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f i} 1 i § 7 1
ILLUSTRATIONS
REGAL PYTHONS ; : : : : é Frontispiece
EFFECT OF A SNOW STORM
YAK CALF AND MOTHER
HEAD OF AFRICAN BLACK RHINOCEROS
CANADA GOOSE AND GOSLINGS
DROMEDARY AND DWARF DONKEY
APPARATUS FOR THE STUDY OF METABOLISM
YOUNG EMU
SNAKE-KILLING MUSSURANA
THE JARARACA .
ELK TWINS
MUTE SWANS
GOLDFISH
34
40
46
50
62
68
76
80
80
86
90
96
THE NEW YORK AQUARIUM (from an old color print). facing 102
OVAL SHIPPING TANKS
WOODEN SHIPPING TANK.
RED GROUPER
BLACK GROUPER
WHITE MARGATE
DoG SNAPPER
SQUIRREL FISH
TIGER ROCKFISH
DISTRIBUTING TANKS
FILTERS FOR HARBOR WATER
CALIFORNIA SALAMANDERS
104
104
106
106
110
110
112
112
116
116
118
Board of Managers
j THE MAYor of the City of New York.
Ex-officto: \ pu PRESIDENT, Dep’t of Parks, City of New York
GEASS OR V19ih7
HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, GEORGE F. BAKER,
WILLIAM C. CHURCH, GRANT B. SCHLEY,
LISPENARD STEWART, WM. PIERSON HAMILTON,
H. CASIMIR DE RHAM, ROBERT S. BREWSTER,
CHARLES F.. DIETERICH, EDWARD S. HARKNESS,
JAMES J. HILL, WILLIAM B. OSGOOD FIELD.
GEASS) OR MoNs
LEVI P. MorRTON, FRANK K. STURGIS,
ANDREW CARNEGIE, GEORGE J. GOULD,
MADISON GRANT, OGDEN MILLS,
WILLIAM WHITE NILES, LEWIS RUTHERFURD MORRIS,
*SAMUEL THORNE, ARCHER M. HUNTINGTON,
HENRY A. C. TAYLOR, HENRY M. TILFORD.
GLASS OF 1919
F. AUGUSTUS SCHERMERHORN, FREDERICK GILBERT BOURNE,
PERCY Ry PYNE, W. AUSTIN WADSWORTH,
GEORGE B. GRINNELL, EMERSON MCMILLIN,
GEORGE C. CLARK, ANTHONY R. KUSER,
CLEVELAND H. DODGE, WATSON B. DICKERMAN,
C. LEDYARD BLAIR, MorTIMER L. SCHIFF.
* DECEASED.
New York Zonlogical Society
GENERAL OFFICE, 111 Broadway, NEW YORK CITY
President:
HENRY [FAIRFIELD OSBORN.
First Vice-President and Secretary: Second Vice-President:
MADISON GRANT, FRANK K. STURGIS.
Treasurer: PERCY R. PYNE, 20 Exchange Place.
Assistant Treasurer: THE FARMERS’ LOAN & TRUST COMPANY.
Executive Conunitter
MADISON GRANT, Chairman.
PERCY R. PYNE, LISPENARD STEWART,
WILLIAM WHITE NILES, WATSON B. DICKERMAN,
WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, ANTHONY R. KUSER,
FRANK K. STURGIS, HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN,
ex officio.
Anditing Committer
WILLIAM WHITE NILES, Chairman.
H. CASIMIR DE RHAM, LISPENARD STEWART.
Pension Board
GEORGE C. CLARK, Chairman. CHARLES H. TOWNSEND.
PERCY R. PYNE, Treasurer. H. R. MITCHELL,
LEWIS R. Morris, RAYMOND L. DITMARS,
WM. B. OSGOOD FIELD, HERMANN W. MERKEL, Secretary,
Editorial Committee
HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN, Chairman.
WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, CHARLES H. TOWNSEND.
Geurral Officers
WILLIAM T. HoRNADAY, Director of the Zoological Park.
CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Director of the Aquarium.
GEORGE S. HUNTINGTON, Prosector.
C. GRANT LA FARGE, Architect.
H. DE B. PARSONS, Consulting Engineer.
H. J. SHORTER, Assistant Secretary.
R. L. CERERO, Bursar.
Officers of the Zoulogiral Park
WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, Director and General Curator.
H. R. MITCHELL, Chief Clerk.
RAYMOND L. DITMARS, Curator of Reptiles.
C. WILLIAM BEEBE, Curator of Birds.
LEE S. CRANDALL, Assistant Curator of Birds.
W. REID BLAIR, Veterinarian
HERMANN W. MERKEL, Chief Forester and Constructor.
GEORGE M. BEERBOWER, Civil Engineer.
WILLIAM MITCHELL, Cashier.
ELWIN R. SANBORN, Photographer and Editor.
Officers of the Aquarium
CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Director.
W. 1. DE NYSE, Assistant.
CHAPMAN GRANT, Assistant.
L. L. Mowsray, Assistant.
GEORGE A. MACCALLUM, Pathologist.
ROBERT SUTCLIFFE, Clerk.
Aquarium Committer
CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Chairman.
CHARLES L. BRISTOL, EDMUND B. WILSON,
BASHFORD DEAN, CLEVELAND H. DODGE,
ALFRED G. MAYER, CHARLES B. DAVENPORT,
THOMAS H. MORGAN, CHARLES R. STOCKARD,
RAYMOND C. OSBURN, GRENVILLE KANE.
MEMBERS
New York Zonologircal Society
January 1, 1916
Gouorary Members
*Pror. ALEXANDER AGASSIZ,
Pror. J. A. ALLEN,
Tue Dvuxe or Beprorp,
Herr F. E. Biaavuw,
*Mr. ArtHur Erwin Brown,
Dr. Frank M. CHapmMan,
*Pror. DaniteEL Grraup Ex.ior,
Baker, GeorceE F.,
*CADWALADER, JOHN L.,
CaRNEGIE, ANDREW,
Doncr, CLEVELAND H.,
*Str WiIiLiiam FLower,
*Dr. F. L. Hoest,
Sir Epmunp G. Loner,
Dr. C. Hart Merriam,
Hon. Lionet Water RoTHscHILp,
*Dr. Puirie LutTLey ScCLaTeEr,
Mr. Frepertck CourTENEY SELovs,
Benetactors
Kuser, Cor. Anruony R.,
*MorGAn, J. P.,
RocKEFELLER, WILLIAM,
Scuirr, Jacos H.,
*THORNE, SAMUEL,
Founders in Perpetuity
*BaRNEY, CHARLES T.,
Bourne, Frederick G.,
Dietericu, Cuarwes F.,,
GouLp, GrorcE J.,
Harkness, Epwarp S.,
Hii, JAMES J.,
Macxay, CiLarENCE H.,
Minus, Ocpen,
Morton, Hon. Levi P.,
Pyne, Percy R.,
Roginson, NELSON,
RocKEFELLER, JOHN D.,
STEWART, [AISPENARD,
Taytor, Henry A. C.,
Tuomeson, Mrs. FrepericxK F.,
*TrorNE, Miss PHorseE ANNA,
*WuitNrey, Hon. Wi111aM C.,
ARCHBOLD, JOHN D.,
Avery, SAMUEL P.,
*Barnes, JoHN S.,
Berwinp, Epwarp J.,
Brair, C. Lepyarp,
Brewster, Rosgert S.,
*CHIsHoLM, Hucu J.,
Cxiark, Georce CRAWFORD,
*Dopce, Wi1i1aAM E.,
*GorLet, ROBERT,
Huntincton, ARCHER M.,
*HuntTINnGcTON, C. P.,
McMiniun, Emerson,
*OvreENDORFER, OswaLp,
Founders
Payne, Cou. Oniver H.,
PERKINS, GEORGE W.,
Ra1ney, Pav J.,
ScHERMERHORN, F’. Aucusrus,
Scuirr, Mortimer L.,
Scu ey, Grant B.,
SneparpD, Mrs. FINtey J.,
*SLoanE, WiLtiaAm D.,
*Sroxes, Miss CAROLINE PHELPs,
Srurcis, Frank K.,
Trevor, Miss Emity,
Trevor, Mrs. Jonn B.,
*V ANDERBILT, CORNELIUS,
VANDERBILT, WILLIAM K.,,
Woop, Mrs. ANTOINETTE ENO,
* DECEASED.
14 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Assnuriate Founders
*Bascock, SAMUEL D.,
*CarTerR, JAMES C,,
*Crocker, GEORGE,
pERuHaM, H. Casimir,
*Jrsup, Morris K.,
Oszorn, Pror. Henry Farrriexp,
*ARNOLD, Hicks,
Avucuinctoss, Mrs. Hucw D.,
Barney, JAMES W.,
*Buriss, Cornettius N.,
*Buiss, Georce T.,
Bronson, Epear BEECHER,
Crark, Mrs. Grorce CrawForD,
*CoNSTABLE, FREDERICK A.,
*Coox, Henry H.,
DELUCINGE, PRINCESS,
Enret, GEORGE,
*Frower, RosweE tu P.,
Forp, James B.,
*Forp, J. Howarp,
GovuLp, Jr., Epwin,
Harkness, Caries W.,
Harrison, Jr., Georce L.,
*Havemeyer, Henry O.,
*Havemever, WitiiaM F.,
Hawkes, Mrs. McDoveatt,
*Hewirr, Apram S.,
*HorrMan, VERY Rev. E. A.,
Hornapay, Dr. Wo. T.,
House, Epwarp J.,
*TIsELIN, ADRIAN,
*James, D. W1I11Is,
James, NorMAN,
James, Dr. Watter B.,
Jennines, Miss A. B.,
*Lewis, Mrs. GrorcE,
*Wotrr, A.,
Apams, Epwarp DEAN,
AGNneEw, Cornetius R.,
Acnew, Georce B.,
Axe ey, Cart E.,
Awnprews, Constant A.,
ANDREWS, J. SHERLOCK,
Armour, Axtison V.,
Arnotp, Epwarp W. C.,
*A ucuinctoss, Huex D.,
Bargour, THOMAS,
Bargour, WILLIAM,
*Barnes, Miss Cora F.,
*RHINELANDER, Miss SERENA
*SCHUYLER, PHILIP,
ScHuy ier, Mrs. Putnip,
Sturcis, Mrs. Franx K.,
Tirrany & Company,
VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS,
Patrons
Mayer, Dr. Aurrep G.,
Morris, NEWBOLD,
*Morris, A. NEWBOLD,
*Morris, Mrs. A. Newson,
Osporn, WiILLI1AM CHURCH,
*Ossporn, Mrs. Witiiam H.,
*Poor, Henry. W.,
*Pyne, Mrs. Percy R.,
Ryan, Tuomas F.,
Sacre, Mrs. Russe,
*SCHERMERHORN, WILLIAM C.,
SevicMan, Isaac NEwtTon,
*Senrr, Cuaries H.,
Simpson, Miss JEAN WALKER,
*STICKNEY, JOSEPH,
Taytor, JR., JAMEs B.,
THorRNE, Epwin,
Tuorne, Frances B.,
Tuorne, Henry S.,
THORNE, JOEL W.,
THorNE, Lanpon K.,
THORNE, JR., SAMUEL,
TxuorNne, S. BRINCKERHOFF,
THorRNE, Victor C.,
*THORNE, WILLIAM,
Tsaver, Mrs. Marcaret T.,
*Twomsiy, H. McK.,
*Von Post, Herman C.,
*Wess, WILLIAM H.,
Wuitney, Harry,
Lite Members
BaRNEs, J. SANFORD,
Barucu, Bernarp M.,
Brese, C. WiL11aM,
Betz, Mrs. C. M.,
Bett, Gorpon Kwox,
Betmont, AUGUST,
Berrs, SAMUEL RosstITER,
Binns, WALTER,
Birp, CHARLES SUMNER,
Bispor, HrBer REGINALD,
Brarr, Dr. W. Rein,
Buss, Mrs. Rosert W.,
*DECEASED.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 15s
Buiopeerr, Witttam TiLpon,
Boxpr, Georce C.,
Bootu, Wiii1am H.,
Boury, Louis J.,
*Bowporn, Grorce S.,
*Bowpoin, TEMPLE,
Brabiey, J. R.,
BriNsMADE, CHarLes LYMAN,
Brown, Georce McKessen,
Bucu, Miss Emity,
Burven, 2nvd, HENRY,
BurieicH, Grorce W.,
Burr, WINTHROP,
Burrace, Carr. Guy H.,
BUSHNELL, JOSEPH,
Buriter, Wit~1amM Mitt,
CamMMANN, GEorGE P.,
Camp, Hucu N.,
CauLDWELL, Dr. Cuarites MiLBank,
Crerero, R. L.,
CHANLER, WINTHROP,
Crapin, Cuaries M.,
CuaPiIn, CHESTER W.,
CuisHoitm, Jr., Huew J.,
CuurcH, Freperic E.,
Cuourcnu, Mrs. Neue E.,
CuurcH, WILLARD,
Cuurcn, Wi1t11am Conant,
CrarxK, F. Ampgrose,
CriarK, GeorcE C., JR.,
CLaRKSON, BANYER,
Cor, Wi1t1i1aM R.,
Corrin, CuHartes A.,
CoLcGaTE, WILLIAM,
Coxuier, Rogert J.,
Cott, SAMUEL P.,
ConstTaBLE, Mrs. Freperick A.,
Cooper, Mrs. Cuaries W.,
CorNING, JOHN J.,
CRANE, ZENAS,
Crane, Z. MarsHatt,
Crimmins, JoHN D.,
Davis, Joun W. A.,
Davis, Wiiti1aM T.,
DECopPET, Epwarp J.,
DEERING, CHARLES,
pEHeEreEpt1A, C.,
DELAFIELD, ALBERT,
pEMitHaAv, Louis Jonun,
DeRuam, CHartes,
DeWirr, Wit1t1aM G.,
Dick, J. Henry,
DickeRMAN, Watson B.,
Dickey, Cuaries D.,
Dimocx, Mrs. Henry F.,
Dissron, Jr., Henry,
Drrmars, R. L.,
Doncr, Marcertus Harttrey,
DoeEtcEeR, Cartes P.,
Doricer, PETER,
Draper, Mrs. Henry,
Dresster, Oscar,
DuBors, Miss EruHen,
DuBois, Miss KarHertne,
DuBois, Wi1i1am A.,,
Ducmore, A. RapcryFFe,
Dunuam, Epwarp K.,
DunscomBeE, GEORGE ELLSworTH,
Dwyer, THomas,
Epcar, NrEwsoxp,
Exvuiot, SAMUEL,
Euis, W. Dixon,
Exry, AmegrosE K.,
Emmet, C. TEMPLE,
*Eno, Amos F.,
Faircuitp, Hon. Cuartes S.,
Frearine, Grorce R.,
FreLp, CoRTLANDT DEPEYSTER,
Firitp, Wm. B. Oscoon,
Fieip, Mrs. Wm. B. Oscoon,
Fisuer, Mrs. Henry J.,
FLeEITMANN, WiLt1am MeEp1ricor1,
Fruint, Cuaries R.,
Forp, Henry,
Fraser, Miss S. Grace,
*FrencuH, S. Barron,
Fucurt, Howarp,
Garner, R. L.,
Gerry, Exsrince T.,
Gox.pscuminpT, S. A.,
GooprincE, Mrs. F. G.,
*GooDWIN, JAMES J.,
Govxp, Grorce H.,
Grant, DeForest,
Grant, Maptson,
GRINNELL, Grorce B.,
GuGGENHEIM, DANIEL,
GucceNnHEIM, S. R.,
Guntuer, Bernarp G.,
GunTuER, FRANKLIN L.,
Gururiz, Won. D.,
Hacenseck, HeEtnricu,
HaGenBecK, Lorenz,
Hamitton, Prerpont Morean,
Hamitton, Wm. Pierson,
Harpine, J. Horace,
Harxness, Mrs. S. V.,
HarraH, CHARLES J.,
Harriman, Mrs. E. H.,
Harris, Anan C.,
Hart, Frank,
Haupt, Dr. Louts,
Havemeyer, F. C.,
Havemeyer, T. A.,
Hirt, Hvueu,
Hor, Miss MarGaret,
* DECEASED.
16 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Hor, Ricuarp M.,
Hor, Mrs. Ricuarp M.,
Horxins, Georce B.,
*Houpsarp, THomas H.,
Hype, Mrs. CLarENcE M.,
Hype, James H.,
IsELIN, JR., ADRIAN,
Jackson, Dr. Victor H.,
James, ArtTHuUR CuRTISS,
JENNINGS, Oxiver G.,
*Jesup, Mrs. Morris K.,
JurLtirarD, Mrs. A. D.,
Jones, Mrs. Epwarp H.,
Kaun, Orro H.,
KANE, GRENVILLE,
Kine, Grorce Gornon,
Kinney, Morris,
Kunuarpt, W. B.,
LaF arce, C. Grant,
Lancpon, Woopsury G.,
Lanter, CHARLES,
Ler, Cuarites NortHam,
Leeps, Mrs. Warner M.,
Lrumay, S. M.,
Low, C. AnDoLPHE,
Low, SETH,
Lypic, Davin,
Lynic, Capt. Puirie M.,
McALEENAN, JOSEPH A.,
McAtrin, CHARLES WILLISTON,
McComp, J. Scort,
McKeever, I. C.,
McKinney, GLenn Forp,
McLane, Guy RicHarps,
McMiii11n, Marion,
*Mackay, DoNatp,
Macy, V. Evert,
Maprira, Percy C.,
Matiory, Cuaries H.,
Marine, ALFRED E.,
MarsHatz, Louis,
Maxwe.z, Rosert,
MERKEL, Herrmann W.,
Mitrter, Dr. Grorce N.,
Mitis, OcpEn L.,
Mitton, Mrs. Wo. F.,
Mircuert, A. M. Post,
Mircue tt, H. R.,
MircuHet, Mason,
Monetzt, AMBROSE,
Moors, Frepertic P.,
Moran, DanieEt E.,
Morean, J. P.,
Morean, Jr., Mrs. J. P.,
Morris, Dr. Lewis RuTHERFURD,
Nessirr, A. G.,
NEWBOLD, THOMAS,
NEWLAND, V. M.,
Nicuots, Mrs. Witi1am GILMAN,
Nixes, J. Barron,
Nites, Witt1am Wuite,
Nites, Mrs. Wintit1am W.,
Norton, JoHN W.,
Nye, Josepu K.,
Osborn, Mrs. Wittiam Cuurcn,
Osspurn, Dr. Raymonp C.,
PaIntTER, KENYON V.,
ParisH, Hrnry,
ParrisH, JAMEs C.,
Preapopy, Cuartes A.,
Perkins, Wiitiam H.,
PHELPs, Capt. JOHN J.,
Puetrs, Mrs. M. von R.,
Puriuirs, Dr. Joun C.,,
Puiiurrs, Joun M.,
Puiprs, Henry,
PHOENIX, Luioyn,
PHOENIX, PHILLIPS,
Pierce, Henry Cray,
PIERREPONT, JOHN JAY,
Pierrepont, Rozsertr L.,
PIeRREPONT, SetH Low,
Porter, CLARENCE,
Porrer, WILSON,
Pratt, Datuas B.,
Procror, A. PHIMISTER,
Puritzer, Raipu,
Pyne, M. Taytor,
Raymonp, CwHartes H.,
Riker, JR., SAMUEL,
Rogsrnson, ARTHUR,
Rocers, ARCHIRALD,
Runeivus, CaRt,
RuTHeERFURD, WinTHROP,
Saurus, J. SANFORD,
Sampson, Henry,
SanrorpD, Henry,
SanrorD, Jr., Henry,
SanrForD, SAMUEL S.,
SanGeR, FarrFieLD Osporn,
ScCHIEFFELIN, SCHUYLER,
Scuiey, Evanpber B.,
Seton, Ernest THomrson,
SHELDON, CHARLES,
SuHEeRMAN, GEORGE,
*SuHERMAN, WILLIAM WarTTs,
Suicips, Georce O.,
Stoan, Benson B.,
Stoan, Matcoim D.,
SLoan, SAMUEL,
Souner, LeRoy,
SPEYER, JAMES,
Saurer, Stuart C.,
Stetson, Francis LynoveE,
Srewart, Jr., Wm. R.,
Sroxes, Miss Onrivia E. PHeEtps,
* DECEASED.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 1
SrraicHt, Mrs. WiLiarp,
Streeter, D. D.,
Srurces, FREDERICK,
TarLton, LEesLie JEFFERIS,
THALMAN, ERNsT,
Tuayer, Mrs. Eruet Ranpborpu,
Tuompson, Lewis S.,
TuHompson, WILLIAM P.,
Tixrorp, Frank,
Titrorp, Henry M.,
Top, Rogert E.,
Topp, Witt1aMm R.,
Townsenp, Dr. Cuartes H.,
Trevor, Henry G.,
Trevor, JoHN B.,
Tritron, CuaupE H.,
Tuck, Epwarp,
UnLMANN, FREDERICK,
Vain, THeo. N.,
*V ANDERBILT, ALFRED G..
Van ReEnssetaeEr, Cuartes A.,
Varnum, Mrs. James M.,
Wapswortn, Mas. W. Austin,
WapswortH, Mrs. W. A.,
~]
Wain, D. Everett,
Warnwericut, Ricuarp I.,
Waker, Dr. HeENry FREEMAN,
Warsourc, Fevix M.,
Watson, JAMES S.,
Wess, Dr. W. SEwarpD,
Wetcuer, Mrs. Fanny Avery,
WENDELL, Evert JANSEN,
Wetmore, CHARLES W.,
Wermore, GEorGE PEABODY,
Wuarton, WI111aMm P.,
Wueatton, Louis N.,
Wuitr, Jr. JoHN Jay,
WHITEHEAD, Paut,
WHITNEY, Caspar,
WuitNey, CorNEeLIus VANDERBILT,
Wuitney, Harry Payne,
Wuitney, Payne,
Witets, Exmore A.,
Wiiets, Howarp,
Wiriiams, CLARK,
Winturop, Ecerton L.,
WoertsHorrer, Mrs. ANNA,
Woop, Miss Exreranor DENNISTON,
Worruincton, C. C.,,
Barsour, THomas,
Breese, C. WititaM,
*Bickmore, Pror. ALBeErt S.,
Brarr, Dr. W. Ret,
Bristot, Pror. Cuartes I..,
Brooxs, Dr. Hartow,
Caxxtins, Pror. Gary N.,
Crampton, Pror. Henry F.,
CranvAtt, Lee S.,
Davenport, Dr. Cuartes B.,
Dean, Dr. Basurorp,
Ditmars, R. L.,
DutTcHer, WILLIAM,
Grant, Manpison,
Grecory, Dr. Wiiiiam K.,
GRINNELL, Georce B.,
Guncer, Pror. E. W.,
Hellowst
Hornapay, Dr. Wo. T,,
Huntinotron, Dr. Grorce S.,
Ler, Pror. Freperic S.,
Lucas, Dr. Freperic A.,
MacCattum, Dr. Grorce A.,
MarrHew, Dr. W. D.,
Mayer, Dr. Arrrep G.,
MerkKeEL, HERMANN W,,
Morcan, Pror. THomas H.,
Ossporn, Pror. Henry FAtrrteEbp,
Oszurn, Dr. Raymonp C.,
Scuutte, Pror. H. von W..,
Scorr, Dr. Grorce G.,
Seton, Ernest THompson,
SHELDON, CHARLES,
StrockarD, Dr. CHartes R.,
TowNnsEND, Dr. Cuartes H.,
Wirson, Pror. Epmunp B.,
Sustaining Members
ARCHBOLD, JoHN D.,
Baxer, Greorce F.,
Barsour, WILLIAM,
Forp, James B.,
Hamitton, Wm. Pierson,
Havemeyer, F. C.,
Hor, Ricuarp M.,
Hor, Mrs. Ricuarp M.,
Hyne, Mrs. Crarence M.,
Morean, J. P.,
Porter, CLARENCE,
Scuirr, Jacos H.,
Scuiey, Grant B.,
Sretson, Francis L.,
Stewart, LispENARD,
Srurcis, Frank K..,
* DECEASED.
+The class of Fellows of the New York Zoological Society was organized
early in 1909, and includes members of the Society who are working and scien-
tifie zoologists.
18 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Auunal Members
ABBoTT, Mrs. Marie M.,
ABEEL, GEORGE,
ABEEL, JOHN H.,
ABERCROMBIE, Davin T.,
Axss-Hacen, Ernest,
AcHELIS, Fritz,
ACHELIs, JOHN,
Apam, Jr., Hueco S.,
Apams, Cuartes F.,
Apams, FrepEericK B.,
Apams, Mrs. F. T.,
Apams, JoHN Donsar,
Apams, T'Hatcuer M.,
Avams, Mrs. Wo. Crirrenven,
ADEE, Miss Exten Louise,
AGNEW, Mrs. Cornettius R.,
AITKEN, JOHN W.,
Axpricu, Mrs. James Herman,
ALEXANDER, Mrs. Cxartes B.,
ALEXANDER, Dovue.as,
ALEXANDER, Franx D.,
ALEXANDER, Mrs. HeEten B.,
ALEXANDER, Mrs. Henry Appison,
ALEXANDER, Mrs. W1t11am,
ALEXANDRE, Mrs. Jonn E.,
ALEXANDRE, Mrs. J. Josepn,
ALLAND, Maurice,
ALLEN, Rev. ArrHour Huntineton,
ALLEN, ETHAN,
ALLIEN, FREDERICK,
JNU Sh= Roti, (Crp
Amory, Cop.Ley,
Ams, CHarues M.,
Amy, Ernest J. H.,
waa JUp Jeb.
ANDERSON, ArcHIBALD J. C.,
ANDbDERSON, P. CHauNncey,
Anverson, Mrs. J. Scorv,
ANDREINI, J. M.,
ANDREWS, GwyNneE M.,
APPLETON, Francis R.,
APPLETON, JAMES W.,
ARCHBOLD, JOHN F.,
ARCHBOLD, Mrs. J. F.,
AREND, F. J.,
Armour, GeorceE A.,,
Armour, Mrs. Herman O.,
*ARMSTRONG, J. H.,
ArnowpD, Mrs. Grover C.,
Nh Ay (OR NYG
ASPINWALL, J. LAWRENCE,
Astor, VINCENT,
ATWATER, JR., Ricuarp M.,
AvucHINcLoss, Mrs. C. C.,
Avcuinctoss, Jr., Mrs. Encar S.,
AucHINcLoss, Sr., Mrs. Encar S.,
AUCHINCLOoss, Hueu,
AUCHINCLOss, JoHN W.,
AverBACH, Mrs. Josrru G.,
Aycrice, B. Arruur,
Aymar, Mrs. Joss,
Bacue, Jutes S.,
Bacon, Grorce W.,
Bace, Dr. Crinton L.,
BaHNSEN, C.,
Barttey, Mrs. James M.,
Baker, Cuas. D.,
Baker, Cuartes H.,
Baker, STEPHEN,
Batpwin, Arpertr H.,
Batpwin, Frepericx H.,
BALDWIN, JR., JARED G.,
Batiarp, Epwarp L.,
Ba iarp, SUMNER,
Banxs, THeropore H.,
Bannarp, Orro T.,
Barpey, Henry G.,
Barciay, Mrs. Reernarp,
Bartow, Peter Townsenn,
Barnarp, J. Avucustus,
Barnes, Miss Cuarnorre A.,
Barnes, Epwarp W.,
Barnes, JAMES,
*Barnes, Mrs. Joun S.,
Barney, A. L..,
Barney, Asupet H.,
Barney, Enear S.,
Barney, Mrs. J. Stewart,
Barnum, Wiiiiam M.,
Barron, Georce D.,
Barror, Henry G.,
Bartriert, Prive G.,
Bates, Dr. W. H.,
BatTerson, JAMEs G.,
Bauer, Oswaxp A.,
Bauer, R. M.,
Baxter, Jr., Georce S.,
Bayarp, Louis P.,
Bayiies Epmunp L.,
Bayuts, WiLri1aM,
Bayne, Mrs. L. P.,
Berapieston, Aurrep N.,
BEALL, JEREMIAH,
Breese, Water H.,
BEEKMAN, Dr. Fenwick,
BEEKMAN, GERARD,
Beers, Mrs. E. LeGranpy
Benr, Rogert,
Bett, Ernest L.,
Bett, Louis Y.,
Bewz, Parx E.,
BEER, A.,
* DECEASED.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT
Better, WILLiam F.,
Bement, Epwarp,
Benepict, LEMvEL C.,
BenkarpD, Harry H.,
Benxarpb, Mrs. Harry H.,
BENJAMIN, GEORGE POWELL,
Benson, R. LAwrReENCE,
Benson, Miss Mary,
Benton, ANDREW A.,
Benson, Rosert,
Berens, Dr. T. Passmore,
BerNaArRD, PrierrE ARNOLD,
BerNuemm, Georce B.,
BEeRNHEIMER, CHARLES L.,
BrEROLzZHEIMER, E..,
Bertron, S. R.,
Brier, Mrs. Syivan,
BiereLtow, WiLuiAM S.,
Bisur, ABRAHAM,
BinumniGs,.€. 1K, ‘Gi:
Bircwartt, W. H.,
Brrp, GrorGeE,
BLaGDEN, GEORGE,
Buiacpen, Mrs. Gerorce,
Briacpen, Mrs. Juria G.,
SBrAm, Ds iC.
Buarr, J. INSLEY,
Brair, Mrs. Lepyarp,
Buss, Ernest C.,
Buss, Witt1amM H.,
Buopcet, ALDEN S.,
Buioopneoop, Rosert F.,
BLooMINGDALE, Mrs. Joseryu B.,
Bross, James O.,
Borst, Quincy Warp,
Boissevain, G. L.,
Botton, Miss Extra F.,
Borron, Wiii1Am H.,
Bono, Arrep H.,
Bonn, Jr., Henry R.,
Bonn, STEPHEN N.,
Bonner, G. T.,
Bootn, Mrs. Aucusra,
Booru, Enos S.,
Borer, JoHN,
BorGstEDE, JoHN G.,
Borianp, J. NEtson,
Borztanpb, Wiii1AMmM G.,
Bourton, Wiiuiam B.,
Bowvo1in, Miss Enpiry G.,
BowENn, CLARENCE WINTHROP,
Bowen, Mrs. H. S.,
Bowen, JAMES,
Bowers, JoHN M.,
Bowne, Francis Draper,
Brapitey, Artan B. A.,
Brapy, JAMES BucHANAN,
Brapy, Nicnotas F.,
Branp, Oscar J.,
BransoM, PAu,
Breve, JoHN,
Bremer, Avucust F.,
Brewster, Mrs. BENJAMIN,
Brewster, GeEorGE S.,
Brick, SAMUEL R.,
Brivces, Rosert,
Brices, JAMES KE.,
BRINCKERHOFF, ALEX. G.,
Brisrou, ' JomnNn' 1. D.,
Bristow, Wiri11am B.,
BropMERKEL, JR., CHARLES,
Brokaw, Ciirrorp V.,
Brokaw, Mrs. Ciirrorp V.,
Bronson, Dr. Evwarp BENNET,
Bronson, Mayuew W.,
Brooxs, Miss Berrua G.,
Brovucuton, Mrs. U. H.,
Brower, Georce V.,
Brown, Cuartes F.,
Brown, Dickson Q.,
Brown, Epwin H.,
Brown, Cor. FRANKLIN Q.,
Brown, J. ADAMS,
Brown, JoHN Barker,
Brown, Ricuarp E.,
Brown, STEPHEN P.,
Brown, Mrs. THomas F.,
Brown, VERNON CARLETON,
Brown, Watpron P.,
Brownine, WititaAm H.,
Brownine, J. A.,
Brunpice, Miss Exisazeru B.,
Brunnow, Rupoipeu E.,
*Bryan, Geo. J.,
Bryce, Miss Enpirn,
*Bryce, Mrs. WILLIAM,
Buckner, THomas A.,
Bupp, Henry A.,
Burecuner, C. FRep,
Buitkuiry, Epwin M.,
Burkey, Mrs. Enwin M.,
Burxkiry, L. Duncan,
Butt, J. Enear,
Butt, Mrs. Wu. Lamman,
BurvEN, Jr., JAMEs A.,
Burven, Jr., Mrs. James A.,
Burpven, Mrs. W. A. M.,
Burcess, Enwarp G.,
Burwietcu, Mrs. Greorce W.,
*BusH, Joun S.,
Busx, Frep T.,
Buriter, ArrHur W.,
Burter, Cuarres D.,
Butter, CHarLes STEWART,
Butter, Mrs. P. H.,
Butter, Miss VirGrInta,
* DECEASED.
19
20 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Cason, Ee He,
Carsar, Henry A.,
CaHEN, JuLius P.,
Caun, ArtTHurR L.,
CaLLeNpDER, Miss Mary R.,
CALLENDER, WatteEr R.,
CatMan, Henry L.,
CaLMan, ALBERT,
CaMMANN, Epwarp C.,
CamMMANN, Henry Loriziarp,
CamMaNnn, Herman H.,
CaMPBELL, Dona xp,
CAMPBELL, J. W. C.,
CANFIELD, GEORGE FoLceEr,
CaNNON, JAMEs G.,
Cawnrosert, A. H.,
Carey, FrepErick F.,
Carey, Henry T.,
Caruart, Mrs. A. Sisrey,
CarneciE, Mrs. ANprew,
CARPENDER, WILLIAM,
CarpPENTER, C. L.,
Carr, Mrs. Watter L.,
Cartier, P. C.,
Casr, Henry P.,
Cass, CuHartes ANDERSON,
CassarD, WILLIAM J.,
Catucart, Miss Jennie R.,
Cuazot, THEODORE J.,
Cuatmers, Artuur A.,
CHAMBERLIN, Witir1aM B.,
Cuambers, Frank R.,
CHAMBERS, Hitary R.,
*CHAMPOLLION, ANDRE,
Cuampotiion, Mrs. Annre C.,
CuHaniER, Rosert W.,
Cuarin, Miss Marta Bowen,
CHAPMAN, ARTHUR,
CuHapman, Henry Ors,
CHAPMAN, JOHN Jay,
Cuauncey, Exrmu,
Cuaves, Jose Epwarp,
CueNEy, Georce L.,
Cueney, Jr., Mrs. Knicut Dexter,
Cuttp, Mrs. Lewis P.,
Cups, Everstey,
Cuinps, Srartinc W.,
Curitps, Witt1am H.,
CuisHoum, Sr., Mrs. Huen J.,
Cuoate, Josery K.,
CuristrAncy, Greorce A. C.,
Curistiz, Rosert, L.,
Cuuss, Percy,
CuurcH, CuHartes T\.,
CHurcH, Jr., EK. D,
Cuourcu, Grorcr H.,
Cuourcu, F. S.,
Cuurcu, Louis P.,
CLAFLIN, JOHN,
Grape. An Re
CLancy, JoHN Evarts,
Ciark, Cuas. Hopxins,
Criark, Cuartes Martin,
CriarKx, D. Crawrorp,
Crark, Epwarp H.,
Criark, Miss E. Mazen,
Criark, Hersert L.,
Criarx, J. Francis Atoystvs,
Ciark, Mrs. Joun C.,
Crank.) dig.) louis) Ce
Crark, Miss Martan AVERELL,
Cuarxk, W. A.,
Crark, Watter G.,
CriarK, Wiiiiam N.,
Charkr, 1H; A. S:,
CriarkKe, THomas SHIELDS,
CLAUSEN, GrorcE C.,
Cremens, Dr. James B.,
Crews, Mrs. James B.,
CLEVELAND, Miss Maser H.,
CiLyDE, Wi1iiam P.,
Cocuran, G. D.,
CocuraneE, A. W. S.,
Cocurane, F. D.,
Cocxcrort, Miss EF. V.,
Cocxran, Hon. W. Bourke,
Cockran, Mrs. W. Bourke,
CoppincTton, Mrs. JEFFERSON,
Cor, Cuartes A.,
Corrin, Frances A.,
Corrin, Witt1am Epwarp,
CoLBurRN, AxBert E.,
Cotpy, Howarp A.,
Cort, Epwarp F.,
Core, Mrs. Rouruvs,
Coxuier, Mrs. R. J.,
Couns, CLARENCE Lyman,
Coxiins, Miss Gerrrube,
Cotuins, Dr. Stacy Bunn,
Cour, Harris D.,
Cott, Ricwarp C.,
Comstock, Mrs. H. G.,
Connon, THomas GERALD,
Connemm, Hermann,
Content, Harry,
ConNELL, HERBERT STANLEY,
Conxkiine, Paut B.,
Conrap, Miss Anicra D.,
ConversE, Miss Mary E.,
Conway, Mrs. Mavup Axx1z1s,
ConyNGHAM, JoHN N.
Coox, Cuaruss S.,
Coomsr, T. Gorton,
Coorrr, H. S. Fentmore,
Cooper, THEODORE,
CortetLt, Wm. WALLACE.
*DECEASED.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT
Corsett, Mrs. Henry L.,
CorBIn, AUSTIN,
Coruies, Howarp,
Cornine, C. R.,
Cory, Danriet W.,
Cosrer, Miss Sytyra DE G.,
Cowp1in, WiInTHROP,
Crane, Mrs. JonatHan H.,
CravatH, Mrs. Paur D.,
Crawrorp, Rozert L.,
CrAWFoRD, WILLIAM,
CrayEN, Dr. Gustav A.,
CrimMINs, THomas,
Crocker, Rosert S.,
Crocker, Wixii1am T.,
CROMWELL, JAMES W.,
CroMWELL, LINCOLN,
CrosBy, MaunseELL S.,
Cross, Mrs. C. VANDERBILT,
Cross, Grorce D.,
Cross, W. Repmonp,
Crosstey, G. REGINALD,
CUNNINGHAM, W. DEL.,
Curiz, CHARLES,
CurieEL, H.,
Curtrer, Ratex L.,
Curtinc, Mrs. W. Bayarp,
Cuvier, Mes) Cy Cs
Cuyter, Miss Ereanor brEG.,
*Daas, Martin,
Dapmun, Geo. E.,
DatLEy, GRANVILLE F.,,
Dattett, Freperic A.,
Dana, CuHartts A.,
Dana, Pavt,
Davenport, Mrs. Ira,
Davipnce, Wiii1am H.,
Davies, Frederick M.,
Davies, J. CLARENCE,
Davirs, JULIEN TAPPaNn,
*Davis, Daniet A.,
Davis, Davin T.,
Davis, GHERARDI,
Davis, Howxranp,
Davis, Josrpnu P.,
Davis, Morcan,
Davis, W. J.,
Davison, CHartes STEWART,
Davison, Miss Era H.,
Davison, Grorce Howarp,
Davison, Mrs. Henry P.,
Day, ArtHur M.,
Day, Mrs. Henry Mitts,
pEForest, Miss Caronine,
pEForesr, Lock woop,
DrForest, Rorert W.,
Drcoener, J. F.,
DeGorcourta, A. V.,
DEGRAFFENRIED, Baroness R..,
DeKuyn, B. F.,
DELAFIELD, Epwarp C.,
DELAFIELD, FREDERICK P.,
DELAFIELD, Lewis L.,
21
*DexLaFrietD, Miss Junta Livincston,
DELANO, WARREN,
DeLanoy, WiiitaMm C.,
pDELAuGIER-VILLARS, COUNTESS,
Demine, L. C.,
Demorest, Mrs. Wm. Curtis,
Derew, Mrs. Cuauncey M.,
DePuy, Henry F.,,
pERHaAm, Mrs. H. Castmir,
Dery, D. Georce,
Desparp, Watrrr D.,
Devereux, Water B.,
Dexter, STANLEY W.,
Dryo, Roserr E.,
DEZALDO, FREDERICK,
Dicx, Mrs. Evans R.,
Dickerson, E. N.,
Dient, Georce H.,
Drent, Jr., Grorce H.,
Dienst, A. P.,
Diestet, Wo.,
Dike, Oscar D.,
Ditton, W. B.,
Dimocx, Grorce E.,
Dinsmore, Mrs. W. B.,
Dixon, THeovore P.,
Dopp, Miss Grertrupe,
Doner, Miss Exizaseru W..,
Doner, Francis P.,
*Donce, Miss Grace H.,
Doner, Mrs. Marsrary J.,
Dommericu, Orro L.,
Donatp, Miss Anna E.,
Donaxpson, Rozertr M.,
Doremvus, F. S.,
Doveuas, JAMES,
Dovueras, Witiiam H.,
Dovuetrass, ALFRED,
Dow, Cnartes, M.,
Down, Josrern,
Dowp, Mrs. Josrer1,
Dowttnc, Epwarp D.,
Downer, J. Hatsey,
Downey, Joun,
Dows, Davin,
Dows, Sr., Mrs. Davin,
Dows, Tracy,
Drarer, Dr. Witrtam K.,
Drayton, J. CoLtemMan,
Draz, Francis,
Drexet, Mrs. Joun R.,
Drogscuer, S. R.,
Drummonp, I. Wyman,
* DECEASED.
ZZ, NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Duane, Ricwarpd, BacuHe,
Du Bois, Dr. Eveene F.,
Dv Bois, Dr. Marruew B.,
Duet, Dr. Arriur B.,
Durer, Mrs. JoHN BEVERLEY,
Duties, Jr., WILLIAM,
Duncan, Mrs. JoHN P.,
Duncan, STUART,
Duncan, Mrs. Sruart,
Dunpas, RaLtpu Wokrts,
Dunuam, Dr. Carrot,
*Dunuam, Mrs. G. H.,
Dunn, GANo,
Durxer, A. W.,
Durxee, Ricuarp P. H.,
Duryea, Mrs. H. B.,
DuVat, Mrs. Horace C.,
Dwicut, JouHn E.,
EaGrte, JoHN H.,
Eames, JoHN C.,
Eastman, Miss ANNE K.,
Easton, CHarLes PHILLIP,
Eaton, Mrs. Freperick H.,
EBERHART, CHARLES,
Eger, M. C.,
EBERMANN, Mrs. Ernest,
EcKstetn, GEORGE,
Ecxart, Enmunp,
Kepar, D.,
Enear, Herman L. R.,
Epear, Mrs. J. Crirron,
*EpGELL, GrorGE S.,
Epmonps, JoHN W.,
Epwarps, Wm. SryMour,
Epwarps, Case,
Ecer, THeopor G.,
Keertron, M.,
EcGcrLinc, Orto,
Kuret, Lovis J.,
Erpuitz, Roperr JAMeEs,
Exrers, Cart,
Expriper, FrepertcK L.,
Exvprince, Wirii1am T.,
Euis, Witt1am D.,
ExtswortyH, J. M.,
Extswortu, Lincoin,
Extinc, Dr. ArtuHur W.,
dmeraspopsieg dite do Jel
Empoury, Mrs. James W.,
Emerson, Mrs. Wo.,
Emmet, Miss Lypia F.,
Emmet, Ropert TEemp.e,
Enpicotr, Roser,
Eno, Miss Mary Pincnor,
Ersstou, R.,
ErpMAaNN, Martin,
ErpMANN, WILLIAM,
Ertancer, Mitron S.,
Essperc, Henry,
Esrasprook, Artruur F.,
Erriincer, Lovuts,
Eustis, JoHN E.,
*Evans, RicHarD,
Evans, S. M.,
Evarts, A. W.,
Evarts, Miss Mary,
Evarts, SHERMAN,
EVELAND, Frank,
Everett, A. L.,
Fapprt, ALESSANDRO,
Faspri, Ernesto G.,
Fapprr, Mrs. Ernesto G.,
Faser, EBERHARD,
Fannestrock, Dr. Ernest,
Faunesrock, Mrs. Ernest,
Faunesrock, WILLIAM,
FarrBanks, Henry P.,
FarrcHiLtp, BENJAMIN L.,
Faicuirp, Mrs. C. S.,
Fatts, Mrs. DeWirt C1inton,
*Fanco, JAMEs C.,
Farey, Convin,
FarNHAM, PavULDING,
Farranb, Mrs. Max,
FarrELL, JAmEs C.,
Farrewt, E. J.,
FarrELLy, T. CHARLES
Farrincton, Harvey,
Fay, Francis B.,
Frexitows, Wm. Gorpon,
Fercuson, Rev. Henry,
Frercuson, WiiiiaM C.,
Ferris, Hersert W.,
Fevuss, Capr. ANDREW W.,
FrustmMan, Leon P.,
Firtp, Mrs. Avucustus B.,
Fiexp, Mrs. Witi1am H.,
Freipinc, Grorce T.,
Fincu, Epwarp B.,
Fincxe, Mrs. REeGInatp,
Fiscuer, Wiiiiam H.,
Fisuer, L. G.,
Fracrer, Harry Harkness,
Frannery, Mrs. Joseru A.,
FLEISCHMANN, Uno M.,
FLEITMANN, Freperickx T.,
Firminc, Henry S.,
Firnt, Jr., AUSTIN,
Frower, Freperick S.,
Froyp-Jonrs, Enwarp H.,
Four, Franz,
Foot, James D.,
Foran, Grorce J.,
Forp, Miss Lesta,
Forpyce, JoHN A.,
Fosrer, Enwarp W.,
* DECEASED.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 23
Foster, Giraup,
Foster, Macoms G.,
Foster, Scorr,
Fowrer, Mrs. ANDERSON,
Fow ter, Jr., CHARLEs,
Fowxer, Haron,
*Fowrer, Tuomas Powe.t,
ox, Even E.,
FRANCKE, Luis J.,
Frank, Louis,
Fraser, ALEX J.,
Fraser, ALEx V.,
Fraser, Mrs. Gerorce C.,
Fraser, Miss J. K.,
Fraser, Witi1am C.,
FREEMAN, Miss Gertrupe A.,
Frees, Joun F.,
Frencu, Dantet C.,
Frencyu, Mrs. Joun,
Fries, Dr. Haror H.,
ERISSEEE, At, 1S:,
Frost, Aaron V.,
FROTHINGHAM, JoHN W.,
Fup, Feurix,
Fuiiter, Cuartes D.,
Futter, Mrs. Eucenr,
FunxKE, Epmunp A.,
*Furniss, Miss CLEMENTINA,
GatLLarD, Mrs. Wm. O.,
GaLLaTIN, ALBERT,
GaLLaTIN, Mrs. ALBert,
GaLLATIN, GorLet,
Gauiatin, Mrs. Gorter,
Gattaway, Merritt W.,
GaRDINER, CHartes B.,
GarreTr, Miss Laura B.,
GARRETT, JoHN W.,
Garrison, Mrs. J. H.,
Gass, FRANK,
Gaunt, JAMES,
Gautier, Dupitey G.,
Gay, Josepnu E.,
Geppts. Donatp G.,
Geer, Mrs. Water,
GerBacu, Dr. R. WiriiaM,
GrrrisH, Joun Brown,
Gerry, Peter G.,
Gerry, Rosertr L.,
GerstLtE, Enwarp G.,
GIANINI, Cuartes A.,
GILBERT, CLINTON,
Giitespi£, Roserr McM.,
Gituies, Ewin J.,
Gitsey, Henry,
Guazier, Henry S.,
Giyn, W. E.,
Goapgy, W. H.,
Gopparp, Morrity,
GoprrEy, Mrs. E. D.,
GoLtpMAN, ALBERT,
GoLDMANN, JULIUS,
GoLDMANN, NatTHan,
GoopuveE, Cuartes E.,
GoopHuvE, Mrs. S. C.,
Goopwin, Georce B.,
Goopwin, Mrs. J. J.,
GoTTHELF, CHARLES,
GorTHELF, Herman,
GorrHo.p, FREDERIC,
Goutp, Cuartes A.,
Gouxtp, Dr. Freperic S.,
Gouip, CHarLes W.,
Gouxp, Epwry,
GraHam, Mrs. Rosert D.,
GraHam, Mrs. Georce S.,
GraF, WILLIAM,
Graves, Jr., Henry,
Graves, Grorce Cok,
Gravns, J. Ps
Gray, Henry G.,
Greerr, Ernest F.,
GREENE, JR., G. S.,
GREENOUGH, JOHN,
GREENOUGH, Mrs. JoHNn,
GREENWOOD, JosePpH R.,
GREER, CHARLES
Greer, Mrs. Louis Morris,
GrirFIn, Mrs. Witi1am P.,
GrirFitH, Miss Marcarerre E.,
GrirFitH, Miss Susan D.,
GRINNELL, EK. Morcan,
Griscom, JR., CLEMENT A.,
GriswoLp, GEORGE,
Gross, Frank,
GrRuUNDNER, M.,
GUGGENHEIM, Simon,
GuGGENHEIMER, Miss Exvira
Guinzgpurc, A. M.,
Gurreras, Dr. Ramon,
GULLIVER, Mrs. W. C.,
GURNEE, WALTER S.,
Hackett, James K.,
Harren, JouHn M.,
Hacer, JoHn D.,
Haieut, Cartes S.,
Hatnes, Cuaries D.,
Haines, Henry F.,
Harm Ac Cs
Hatz, Arruur H.,
Haz, Franx L.,
Hate, Jacauss S.,
Hattocx, Cuartts P.,
Hauts, Jr., WItttaM,
Hatsey, Hersert Drake,
Hamann, Wm. A.,
Hamerstey, Lovurs Gornon,
*DECEASED.
24 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Hamitton, Miss AbDELAIDE,
Hamittron, Miss ExizaBpern STEwart,
Hamittron, Mrs. Witi1am Pierson,
Hammonp, Mrs. Joun Henry,
Hammonp, Oepen, H.,
Hammonn, Wiiu1aAmM F.,,
Hance, Joun A,,
HansmMann, Cart A.,
Harp, Anson W.,
Harmon, Mrs. Cuirrorp,
Harper, Harry,
Harper, Larurop C.,
Harrtmman, Mrs. Herperr M.,
Harrman, Mrs. J. Borpen,
Harrison, ARCHIBALD,
HarrsHorne, J. M.,
Harvey, Ext,
HAssLACHER, JACOB,
Hastines, Mrs. Tomas,
HavEMEYER, Jr., H. O.,
HavemMeyeR, J. C.,
Haven, Georce G.,
Haven, J. Woopwarp,
Havens, ALBert G,,
Hawer, Matruew,
Hawk, Mrs. Witt1am SaMuet,
Haynes, Wiit1Am DeForest,
Hecker, Dr. Anton J.,
Hecxkscuer, Mrs. Avecust,
Hepces, Jos E.,
Heine, Jr., Henry,
Heiman, E.,
Heintz, JouHn C.,
HeNcKEN, HANCKE,
HeEnperson, Joun B.,
HeEnperson, NorMAn,
Hennine, Emit F.,
Heppurn, A. Barton,
Hersurn, Mrs. A. Barron,
Hermann, Brernarp F.,
Hermann, Mrs. FEerpINnanp,
Herrick. Haroxp,
Herter, Mrs. ALBert,
Herter, Mrs. Curistran A.,
Hess, Setar,
Hewirt, Hersert H.,
Hexamer, A. P.,
Hicxs, Joun M. W.,
Hicks, EK. Prerpont,
lshoeie, Jd. 1845
Hinz, Franx B.,
Hirt, Roperr C.,
Hints, Dr. Arrrep K.,
HincumMan, WALTER,
Hincxiey, Mrs. Samurn Netison,
Hirscn, Cartes S.,
HirscuHiann, Franz H.,
Hocuscnitp, BEertTHo.p,
Hopces, Harrison B.,
Hor, Mrs. Rosert,
Horeman, Cuartes FREDERICK,
Horrman, Miss M. U.
Horrman, Mrs. Witriam M. V.,
Hoge, James A.,,
Horsroox, Mrs. Epwarp,
Hoxsroox, Mrs. F. S.,
Hout, Henry,
Horrer, Mrs. E. O.,
HorzMatster, Louis V.,
Hooxer, Dr. Ransom S.,
Hootry, Epwin S.,
Homes, Henry F.,
Hopxtins, RusseEx1,
Horrin, Miss Frances,
Horrin, Hamitton L.,
Hoppin, Jr., Wirt1am W..,
Hornapay, Mrs. J. C.,
Horr, L. Wo.,
Hosxirr, H. C.,
Horcuxin, W. B.,
Housman, CLARENCE J.,
Howe, Wirt,
Howe nt, T. A.,
Howxanpn, Mrs. Henry E.,
Hoyt, Coneate,
Hoyt, Mrs. Henry R.,
Hoyt, Mrs. Jesse,
Hoyt, Joun S.,
Hoyt, Miss Viretnia Scorr,
Hoyt, Watrter S.,
Hupparp, Watrter C.,
Hurr, E. S.,
Humpureys, Mrs. Epwarp Watsu,
Hunn, Arruur B.,
Hunt, Mrs. Leicu,
Huntinetron, Mrs. Arcurr M.,
Huntrneton, Force,
Huntineton, Mrs. Roserr P.,
Huntman, Rev. Gerarp H.,
Hurret, J. Curistian G.,
Hussey, Wit1tiam H.,
Hustrep, Miss M. Karrartne,
Hustep, Jr., Seymour L.,
Hutcuins, Avcustus SCHELL,
Hurcuinson, Cary T.,
laliopanad, (05 1D),
lnliipanno, 105 1D,
Hyper, Avcustus L.,
Hype, B. T. Bassrrt,
Hynpr, Dr. Frepertcx E.,
Hyope, Mrs. Wirtram H.,
Hype, W. Trustow,
Isams, J. T.,
Incues, Georce B.,
Trons, Henry C.,
Irvin, Mrs. Ricuarp,
* DECEASED.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT
IseELIN, C. O’DoNNELL, Kein, Francis,
IseELIN, C. OLIVER, Keri, Henry F.,
Isecin, Miss GrorGine, Ketitoce, Mrs. CHar es,
Isevin, JoHN H., Kerry, Horace R.,
IsexIn, Miss Louise M., KENNEDY, Epwarp G.,
Isexin, Witntiam E., Kennepy, Mrs. JoHN StTewart,
Isexin, Mrs. Witiiam E., Kent, Epwin C.,
Isexin, WitittAM O’DonnxNe1L1, Kerepuart, Rey. Witiiam H.,
Isuam, Cnartes B., Kepret, Davin,
*IsHAM, SAMUEL, KERNAN, Mrs. Watter N.,
IsHam, Wititiam B., KEvuFFEL, W. G.,
Jackson, Dr. Grorce Tomas, Kryes, Mrs. Cuarites W.,
Jacxson, R. Hatsey, Keyser, Mrs. SaAmMutt,
Jacos, LAWRENCE, Kipper, JAMes Harnuaway,
Jacosi, Dr. A., KimBatt, Atrrep R.,
Jacops, SAMUEL K., Kine, Avcustus F.,
JacoBus, JOHN S., Kine, Miss Eruet,
JACQUELIN, Herpertr T. B., KNING, JAMES GoRE,
JAMES, JR., HENRY, Kine, Mrs. J. Howarp,
James, Dr. Roserr C., Kine, Mrs. Leroy,
James, Mrs. Watrter B., Kincstann, Mrs. Wiriiam M.,
JarmMutowsky, Dr. Harry, KINNEY, WaRREN,
JENKINS, A. W., Kinney, Mrs. Warren,
JENKINS, Mrs. Heren H., Kip, W. Rutorr,
JENKINS, Matruew C., KisseL, Mrs. W. Torn,
*Jenkins, MicH aku, KitcHInGc, Franx W.,
JENKINS, WiLL1AM B., KITTREDGE, SAMUEL Dana,
JENNINGS, FrepEertck B., Kirz, JoserH,
JENNINGS, PHILANDER R., Kxiaw, Marc,
JENNINGS, SIDNEY J., Kwapp, ARNOLD,
JENNINGS, WALTER, Kwapp, Jr., Mrs. Harry K.,
Jesup, Ricuarp M., Kwapp, Mrs. Josep Parmer,
JoHNES, WittiAmM Fou rke, Kynicut, Cuartes R.,
Jounson, F. Corr, KNoepter, Roxanp F.,,
Jounson, Guy B., Korenuter. H. C.,
Jounston, J. HERBERT, KoHLMAN, CHARLEs,
JOHNSTON, WILLIAM J., Kontsaat, Miss Epirn M.,
Jones, Mrs. A. Mason, Kors, Gustave F.,
Jones, Mrs. CApWALADER, Koxs, Jr., Greorce C.,
Jones, Cuaries H., Kors, Freperick,
Jones, H. Boron, Koxes, Dr. Henry M.,
*Jones, Dwicur A., Kontra, ALEXANDER.
Jones, Dr. Israrr C., Konic, Grorce T. H.,
Jones, Lewis Q., Kraus, Sam,
Jones, TOWNSEND, Kremer, Wrii11aM N.,
Jupson, H. L., Kremer, Mrs. Wm. N.,
Kaun, Fenix E., Krecu, Mrs. Arvin W.,
Kaun, Lovts, KrunscHeE, C. D.,
Kann, Dr. Roserr J., Kurmpet, Max,
Kane, Mrs. DeLancey, Kunun, Avcust,
Kane, Miss Louisa Lanenon, KvHN, JULIvs,
Kast, Dr. Lupwice, Kunuarpt, Henry R..
Kaurr, WILHELM, KurzMan, CuHartes C.,
Kautz-EuLenserc, Miss P. R., Kuser, JoHN Dryvden,
Kran, Hamittron Fisu, Kuser, JoHN L.,
Kean, Mrs. Hamittron Fisu, Kurtrorr, Aporr,
Keecu, Franx B., Kurrrorr, FREDERICK,
Kererer, Mrs. C. B., Lacomsr, Hon. E. Henry,
*DECEASED.
26 NEW
Lacar, Dr. GerorGE,
LaIMBEER, JR., JOHN,
Lainc, Enear H.,
Lampert, Dr. ALEXANDER,
Lampert, Dr. A. V. S.,
Lambert, Dr. Samvurt W.,
Lameporn, A. H.,
Lamont, Mrs. THomas Wuo.,
Lanpbaver, I. N;,
Lannon, Mrs. E. H.,
Lanpon, Francis G.,
Lane, Epwarp V. Z.,
Lane, JAMES WARREN,
Lane, Wotcort G.,
LancmMann, Dr. Gustav,
Lance, Miss Carmen,
Lanier, Mrs. James F. D.,
LapHuam, Mrs. Joun J.,
Latrinec, CHaries P.,
LAUDER, JR., GEORGE,
LAuUTERBACH, Mrs.
LAWRENCE, JOHN Bouriine,
LAWRENCE, JoHN L.,
Lawrence, NEwsoup T.,
LawrENCE, R. WarREN,
Lawrencr, TOWNSEND,
LAWRENCE, W. V.,
Lea, CyHartes M.,
LEARNED, WALTER,
LEDLIE, GEORGE,
Lrpoux, Dr. Arzert R..,
Lepyarp, Epear M.,
Lepyarp, Mrs. Lewis C.,
Lee, Mrs. Frepertic S.,
Lee, GeorceE C.,
Lee, Witiiam H. L.,
Lerrerts, MarsHaru C.,
LrEcGGETT, WarREN F.,
LEHMAIER, JAMEs M.,
Lreuman, Meyer H.,
LELAND, WILFRED C.,
Le Roy, Epwarp A.,
Lestrr, GrorGe Bacon,
LETKEMANN, H. V.,
IeEVvERsoon ile.
Levy, EMANUEL,
Lewis, Mrs, Avcust,
Lewis, Frepertc Exwiott,
*Lrewis, Percy Pyne,
Lewis, Dr. WiLLIAM J.,
Lewisoun, ADOLF,
iawn, dita dle Wie
Lirnuart, R. H.,
Lincotn, Lowe tt,
Lircurietp, E. Hvusert,
Lircurietp, Enpwarp H.,
LITCHTENSTEIN, PAavt,
Livincston, Wiruiam S.,
YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Loxsenstine, Wititam C.,
LoEew1, Hueco V.,
Locan, Franx« J.,
Loomis, Guy,
A oyora, (Crewich Ibes
Lorp, Mrs. Grorce DerFortsr,
Lounssery, Mrs. Ricuarp P.,
Low, Eruersert Ine,
Lowe, W1i111aM,
Lowett, Miss Cartorra RusseEtt,
LoweEt., James B.,
Lownnes, D.D., Tue Rey. Artur,
Luce, Mrs. Harry J.,
Luptneton, C. H.,
Lupuium, C. A.,
Luptow, Rear-Apmrrat NIcoLt,
Lueper, A.,
Luxe, Davin L.,
Lummis, Miss Exiza O’B.,
Lusk, Pror. GraHam,
LuttceN, WALTHER,
Lyman, Frank,
Lyon, Emory S.,
McAtprin, Mrs. Cuartes W.,
McAtrin, Jr., Mrs. D. Hunter,
McAtprin, Georce L.,
McBrinrg, Mrs. Herzert,
McBurney, Cuartes I.,
McBurney, Henry,
McCace, Louis B.,
McCatuz, RicwHarp,
McCurn tock, Gizzerrt S.,
McCoy, Dr. Jonn,
McCrea, W. S.,
McCreery, Rosert S.,
Mic@urm0E, Jaos
*McCurcHeon, JAMES,
McGutrre, Josrerpu H.,
McKeever, J. LAWRENCE,
McKim, Joun A.,,
McKim, Leroy,
McLane, Tuomas S.,
McL&EaAn, JAMES,
McLean, MarsHatt,
McMortry, G.,
MacrarRLANE, WALLACE,
Mack, Artruour C.,
Macy, Georce H.,
Maceet, JoHn,
Macer, F. Rorert,
Marin, Franx H.,
Mate, Francis S.,
Matt, Prerre,
Matti, Mrs. Pierre,
ManeckeE, Dr. PuItip,
Manice, Mrs. W1IL1iaM,
Mann, Wiri1am D’ALToN,
Mapes, Jr., DANIEL,
* DECEASED.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT Dill
Mapes, Ernest S., Morcan, Jr., Wirit1am Forses,
Marsury, Miss Evizasernu, Morris, Dave H.,
Marcus, Georce E., Morris, GouverNEUR,
MarkuHam, Roserr D., Morris, JOHN JACOB,
Marxore, Harry, Morse, Mrs. Georce H.,
Marxoe, Dr. J. W., Mortimer, Ricuarp,
Marsn, C. P., Morton, A. L.,
MarsHatit, A. W. W., Moste, A. Henry,
Marston, Epwin SG., Mortey, Jas. M.,
Martin, Jr., Braviey, Morr, Henry C.,
*Martin, Howarp T., Mowsray, H. Srppowns,
*MarTINEZ, MIGuE. R., MveEtter, Cuarzes F.,
Marye, R. V., MvunureLp, Franx J.,
Mason, Cuartes N., Munroe, Henry W.,
Masten, ArtHur H.,, Munsey, Frank A.,
Masters, Miss, Mureatroyp, JoHNn,
MatHer, SAMUEL, Myers, Wi1114M S.,
Mayer, JESSE, NakEGELI, RoBert,
Mayer, Mrs. Joseryu B., Nerson, Dr. Howarp S.,
Mayer, Marcus, NeEILtson, WALLACE Puartrt,
Maynarp, Durr G., NELson, JAMES W.,
Maynarp, Mrs. Watter E., NesmMirH, JAMES,
Meeker, Henry E., NEuMOEGEN, M. L.,
Merm, James C., NEUMOEGEN, Mrs. M. L..,
Ment, Henry, Nevustapt, Mrs. S.,
Mernuarp, Morton H., Nicnoxrs, Acosta,
Metoy, Anprew D., Nicuots, JoHn W. T.,
Menn, Howarp, Nickerson, Horrman,
Merritt, Henry C., Nites, Miss Fiorina,
Meyer, Dr. Georce W., Nixes, Roserr L.,
Meyer, Miss Hetotse, Noxxker, Roser E.,
Meyrowirz, Emir B., Norrie, Miss Mary,
Mixsurn, Joun G., Norman, Mrs. Braprorp,
Miner, Mrs. Cuartes E., Norman, Miss MasBeEt,
Mitirr, Mrs. Cyrus C., Norru, Georce B.,
Mirier, Mrs. Exisaseru C. T., Norton, Cyarues D.,
Miter, Mrs. F. D., Norton, G. FREDERICK,
Miris, Apranam G., Norton, W. P.,
Mints, ANpRrEw, OBERMAYER, CHARLES J.,
Miuts, Freperic C., Ocus, Apotpn S.,
Mitmine, C. E., O}Conntnr, Dry Js Ee,
Monrant, ALPHONSE, OrrrincErR, Dr. P. J.,
Montcomery, CARLETON, OFFERMAN, JOHN,
Moore, Castmir veR., OcpEN, CuHares W.,
Moore, Jr., Cuartes ARTHUR, Oumets, JOHN,
Moore, Miss K. T., Oumets, P. M.,
Moore, Mrs. Russetn WELLMAN, Oxcort, DupLey,
Moorneap, Horace R., Oxcott, 2np, DupLey,
Morawetz, Vicror, Orn, Mrs. StepHen H.,
Morean, Miss Anne T., OLNEY, Exam Warp,
Morean, Miss C. L., OLYPHANT, Rosert,
Morean, Mrs. Eniru P., OLYPHANT, Ropert M.,
Morean, Epwin D., Onativia, JoHN VICTOR,
Morean, Mrs. J. B., OprpeNuHyYM, GEORGE J.,
Morean, Mrs. J. Prerpont, OprpENHEIMER, Dr. Henry S.,
Morean, Junius S., Orpway, Samvuez H.,
Morean, Mrs. Junius S., Ossorn, Mrs. Henry Farrriexp,
Morcan, Wm. FE Liowes, Ortincer, Marx,
* DECEASED.
28 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Ovurersrince, Mrs. Apnoren J.,
OvtTeErsBRIDGE, Dr. Pavt,
Pacxkarp, Mrs. E. Winstow,
Pace, Witiiam H.,
Parnter, Dr. H. McM.,
Paumer, Dr. T. S.,
ParisH, WAINWRIGHT,
Parker, A. W.,
Parker, Epwarp Lup1row,
PaRKER, JUNIUS,
Parker, WINTHROP,
Parpart, Wi1LiiamM E.,
Parsons, Epwtn,
Parsons, Miss Gerrrvunpe,
Parsons, H. DEB.,
*Parsons, JOHN KE.,
Parsons, Miss Mary,
Parsons, WituiAmM Barcuay,
PartTrRIDGE, Enpwarp L.,
Paton, Davin,
Patrerson, Henry Srvuarr,
Patterson, T. H. Hoce.,
Pau, JoHN J.,
Payne, Mrs. Henry W.,
PEaBopy, STEPHEN,
*Prarson, F. S.,
Pearson, Mrs. FRepericK,
Prasiter. Miss F. Ranpoupn,
Peck, Cuartes E.,
Peck, Leicester O.,
Pecxuam, Miss Marir Lovutse,
PrGRAM, Epwarbp S.,
PENDLETON, Francis Key.
PrENFOLD, Enpmunp,
Penrose, Dr. Cuartes B.,
Prercivan, L. A. D.,
Perkins, Mrs. Epwarp,
Perkins, Georce E.,
Perkins, Roger P.,
Perry, Joun P. H.,
Perry, Wiriiam A.,
Perer, Emit,
Pevers, Mrs. Cuartes G.,
Peters, Samvuet T.,
Peters, Winit1am RicuMmonp,
PretrFrer, Curt G.,
PFEIFFER, GEORGE,
Puetrs, Mrs. ANSEL,
Puetprs, Mrs. Crarzes,
Puerps, Dr. Governreur M.,
Puitiirs, Witttam W.,
PrATri DR VaRGire Ors
PickHarpT, Cart,
Piet, Gorrrricp,
Pret, MicwaeEt,
Prerrepont, Miss Anna Jay,
Prerrepont, R. Stuyvesant,
Prrrson, Gen. J. Frep,
Pre, 1s) Wes
Pittotr, P. Sruyvesant,
Pincnot, Girrorp,
Pratr, Cuartes H.,
Pratt, Franx H.,
Puatrr, Henry B.,
PLarTEN, J. W.,
*Priaut, ALBERT,
Prympton, Griisert M.,
Pouixk, Dr. Witi1am M.,
Pottocx, Grorce E.,
Pomroy, Mrs. H. K.,
Poor, Henry V.,
Pore, Freperick W.,
Ropes Gi Ds
Porter, ALEXANDER J.,
Porvrer, Horace,
Porter, Louis, H.,
Porter, Wirzii1am L..,
Post, Apram §S.,
Post, Mrs. Cuarztes ALrrep,
*Post, Epwarp C.,
Post, Jr., Greorce B.,
Porrer, Miss Buancue.
Porrer, Epwarp Cxrarxson,
Porrer, FREDERICK,
Porrer, Ortanno B.,
Porrer, R. Burwsipe,
Porrer, Mrs. R. Burnsipe,
Ports, Jesse W.,
Ports, Wit1t1am Brevoort,
Pratt, Arpert H.,
Pratt, Grorce D.,
Prarr; Hi. 1,
Pratt, JoHN T.,
Pratt, Mrs. Joun T.,
Prentice, Jonn Hutt,
Prentiss, Grorce H.,
Prentiss, Miss Henrietta,
Press, T. CHannon,
Preston, VERYL,
Prippy, Lawrence,
Prime, Miss Cornett,
Prince, Epwarp S.,
Prince, Pror. J. DyNneEtey,
Procter, WiILiiamM,
Proctor, Tuomas R.,
Proctor, Wm. Ross,
Pryer, CHARLEs,
Puuirzer, Mrs. Josepn,
Putsirer, Mrs. N. T.,
Purwam, H. Sr. Curarr,
“Putnam, J. BisHopr,
Putnam, Wim A.,
Pyte, D. H. McAtrryn,
Pyne, Mrs. M. Tayntor,
PyYNE, 2np, Percy R.,
Quincy, Cuartes F.,
* DECEASED.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 29
QuintTarD, Dr. Epwarp,
RanbDatL, Frank E.,
Ranpotpeu, Kymunp D.,
RanvpoitpH, Witt1am W.
Ranet, Ricuarp,
RANGER, STANLEY,
Rascovar, JAMES,
Rasmus, W.,
Rasmus, W. T.,
RatTHRBORNE Ricwarp C.,
Raucu, WILLIAM,
Raymonp, H. E.,
Reap, Wi1tu1aMm A.,
Repmonp, Miss E.,
.
Repmonp, Mrs. Henry S.,
Reip, JoHN,
Rew, Ocpen MILts,
Rei, Mrs. Ocpen Mitts,
Remmer, Orro EvuGENne,
*REINCKE, EK. A.,
REINHARDT, GeEorGE N.,
ReEmMsEN, CHARLES,
Rensuaw, Howarp Price,
Reynoups, E. B.,
Ruerr, Miss Fiorence,
*RHINELANDER, CHARLES E.,
RHINELANDER, PHIup,
Ruoapts, Mrs. J. Harsen,
Rice, Miss Mixprep G.,
Rice, Mrs. Wiizi1am B.,
Ricuarp, Epwin A.,
Ricuarp, Miss Exvine,
Ricwuarps, EBen,
Ricwuarps, E. O.,
Ricuarpson, Mrs. C. Tirrrany,
*Ripper, HERMAN,
Rices, Gro; C:,
RipLey, JULIEN A.,
Ripre, Mrs. EF. J.,
Rives, Greorce L.,
Rossins, CHANDLER,
Rossins, Mrs. HeEten, C.,
Roserts, G. Trropore,
Roserts, Miss M. M.,
Rogertson, ALBERT,
*RoBERTSON, JULIUS,
Rosertson, R. H.,
Rozsrnson, Mrs. Dovetas,
Rogrnson, Epwarp,
Rosrnson, Ext K.,
Rosrnson, G. H.,
Rosinson, Miss Pauxine,
Rosison, WILLIAM,
Rocue, Mrs. Burxe,
Rockwoop, Wiiu1am H.,
Rog, Frank, O.,
Rog, Irvine L.,
*RoELKER, ALFRED,
Rocers, E. L.,
Rocers, Mrs. Francis,
Rocers, Hunert E.,
Rocers, James H.,
Rocers, Mrs. Wiii1am Bevertey,
RoxensBaucH, Henry S.,
Rouizie, Avucustrus J.,
Romsoucu, JoHN B.,
Ronaups, Mrs. Georce L.,
Roosevetr, Mrs. Hizgorne L.,
RoosEvett, Mrs. J AMEs,
RoosEvEttT, Mrs. J. W.,
RoosevELT, W. EMLEN,
Root, Extnu,
Rose, Mrs. A. SUMNER,
Rornu, Frepericx G. R.,
Rotu, J. E.,
Roruuavur, Rev. ANTHONY J.,
Roruwet., James E.,
Row.tanp, THoMas,
Rune, Lovuts,
Ruut, Louts,
Runyon, Carman R,,
Runyon, E. W.,
RvuPERTI, JUSTUS,
Ruprert, JACOB,
Ruppert, Mrs. Jacos,
Russett, ArcHIBALD D.,
RussEtt, Dr. Joun F.,
RusseLt, Mrs. Witi1am Hamixton,
Ryan, JouHn Barry,
RAN ls D5
Rye, ARTHUR,
Rye, GrRaHaAmM,
Sacus, ARTHUR,
Sackett, Miss Gertrupve T.,
Sace, Joun H.,,
Saxs, IsaporeE,
Sampson, ALDEN,
Sampson, CuHar.es E.,
Sanps, Miss ANNE A.,
Sanps, BenzsamiIn AyMar,
Sanps, Mrs. Bensamin AyMar,
SarTeRLEE, Mrs. H. L.,
SATTERWHITE, Preston P.,
Sancer, Mrs. Rapw,
SarGENT, Grorce Luoyp,
SauTER, FREDERICK,
Sauter, Jr., FRep,
ScHaar, Hermann,
ScuHaerer, ANDREAS F.,
ScHAEFER, Epwarp C.,
Scuaerrr, Henry,
Scuancxk, Georce E.,
ScuauveE, C. F.,
ScHAUFFLER, Dr. A. F.,
ScHauFFier, Mrs, A. F.,
ScuHeEFER, Cart,
* DECEASED.
30 NEW YORK
ScuHeNnck, Henry DEB.,
ScHIEFFELIN, Mrs. H. M.,
SCHIEFFELIN, WILLIAM Jay,
ScuirMER, Rupotpyu E.,
ScHMELZEL, JAMES H.,,
ScuHMEmzEL, Miss JANE E.,
Scumipt, ApoupH, T.,
Scumipt, Wiiuiam H.,
SCHNABEL, R. A.,
SCHOETE, Aw Ie,
Scurac, CHaries A.,
Scureirer, Henry,
ScHUMANN, JR., JoHN J.,
Scuuyter, Miss Louisa LEE,
*Scuwarcz, Max M.,
Scuwarz, Henry F.,
Scuarzrer, ALBERT J.,
ScorreLtp, Miss Marion,
Scorr, Donan,
Scott, Hon. Francis M.,
Scorr, Tuomas BiyTHeE,
Scorr, WILLIAM,
Scovitte, Mrs. Jonn H.,
ScoviLLeE, Rosert,
Scripner, Artuur, H.,
ScrIBNER, Mrs. CHARLES,
ScryMser, JAMEs A.,
Sraman, Dr. Louis L.,
Sepewick, Rosert,
SEES AGae
SrrigmMan, Grorce W.,
SELIGMAN, JEFFERSON,
Senrr, Mrs. Cuartes H.,
Seton, ALFRED,
Sexton, Lawrence E.,
SEYBEL, Daniex E.,
SuHapiro, D.,
SuHeets, Dr. E. A.,
SHEFFIELD, JAmes R.,
SHEFFIELD, Mrs. James R.,
SHELDON, Mrs. CHartLes,
SHELDON, Epwarp W.,
Suevpon, Georce R.,
SHELDON, WILLIAM C.,
Sneparp, Mrs. Exxiorr F.,
SHEPARD, FINLEY J.,
SHILLABER, Wo.,
Suipman, Ricwarp D.,
SHOEMAKER, HENRY W.,
SHonnarD, Horatio S.,
SHONES eles
*“SnurTLEFF, Roswev_t Morse,
Siptey, Mrs. H. W.,
SrepENBuRG, Jr., REINHARD,
SIEGEL, JACOB,
Srutiteck, Jr., Henry G.,
Sinteck, Jr., Mrs. Henry G.,
Sinrman, Harrver,
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Simpson, J. F.,
Simpson, JoHN W.,
Srnciamr, Mrs. Jonn,
Sincer, ArtHur J.,
SKkEEL, Dr. Franx D.,
Sxipmore, Wixtu1aM L.,
SKINNER, M. P.,
Suave, Francis Louis,
SraucuTerR, R. B.,
Strocum, Jin, He Js
SLOCUM din dies
Smipt, Mrs. G. L.,
Smint, THos.,
SmiLtey, DanieEt,
*SmMILLic, Cuarirs F.,
SMILLIE, JAMES C.,
SMILLIE, Rapen,
SmitH, Dr. A. ALEXANDER,
SmirH, AUGUSTINE J.,
Smityu, Mrs. Cuartes S.,
SmirH, Extas D.,
SmitH, Erskine M.,
SuitrH, Mrs. F. Horxrnson,
SmirH, Prerre J.,
SmitrH, Roserr K.,
SmirH, Dr. SAMUEL,
SMITHERS, CHARLEs,
SmirHers, F. S.,
Snow, E. G.,
SorcHan, Mrs. Vicror,
SPALDING, KEITH,
Sparrow, Mrs. Epwarp W.,
SPEAR, JR., JAMES,
SpPEDDEN, Freperic O.,
SPENCER, ALEXANDER H.,
*SPENCER, Epwarps,
“SPENCER, LORILLARD,
Sperry, Wiriram M.,
Speyer, Mrs. James,
SpiTzNER, GEORGE W.,
Sporrorp, Mrs. J. L.,
Spracur, Mrs. Frank J.,
Spricc, JupGE CARROLL,
Sprinc, Miss ANNA RIKER,
Spurr, EK. W.,
Saurss, Dr. Enwarv H.,
SeuirE, Espen H. P.,
Strarrorp, WiLL1AM FREDERICK,
Srarrorp, Mrs. Wrir11am FReEperick
*STANDISH, MyieEs,
STANTON, JoHN R.,
Sraptes, Mrs. Joun J.,
Srarr, Lours Morrts,
STEARNS, Louts,
STEBBINS, JAMES H.,
STEELE, Mrs. CHARLES,
Srein, Mrs. Arrxis W.,
STEINBECK, Epwarp,
* DECEASED.
SY
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT al
STEINMETZ, JOHN A.,
STEPHENS, OLIN J.,
SrePpHENS, RopericK,
STEVENS, ALEXANDER H.,
Stevens, Freperic W.,
Srevens, Ricwarp,
Stevens. Mrs. RicHarp,
Stewart, Mrs. Percy Hamitron
Stewart, Witiiam R.,
STILLMAN, CHAUNCEY,
Stizrrman, Mrs. C. C.,
SvT1LbMAN, JAMES A.,
Stimson, Mrs. FReEDERIC,
Stimson, Dr. Dantet M.,
SrocKkKMANN, Miss Marie F. C.,
SToECKEL, Cart,
Strokes, JAMES,
Stone, Miss ANNIE,
Stone, Miss E1ien J.,
Strout, Joseri S.,
Stow, Gerorce G.,
SrraicHtT, WILLARD,
Strance, A. B.,
Straus, H. Grant,
Srraus, Percy S.,
Srrauss, CHARLES,
Strauss, FREDERICK,
SrreAT, JAMES,
Srreet, W. A.,
Stronec, Jr., BENJAMIN,
Stronc, Ricnuarp A.,
Srronc, THERON G.,
Srroock, JOSEPH,
Srroockx, Louis S.,
Sruart, Rogperr,
Srurces, Mrs. E. C.,
Srurces, Henry C.,
Sucxiry, Mr. R. B.,
SuLLIVAN, Mrs. JAMEs,
Sutro, LioneE1,
SuypaM, Jr., LAMBERT,
Swan, James A.,
Swanson, Dr. F. J.,
Swenson, S. A.,
Sworps, Wi111am Vooruts,
Taser, Miss Mary,
Tarr, Henry W.,
Tarr, Wit~t1am Howarp
Tac, ALBERT,
TarLterR, Enwarp N.,
Tatcorr, JAMES,
Tatmace, Mrs. FE. T. H.,
TANENBAUM, Mosss,
TatTHamM, CHARLES,
Tavussic, Noau W.,
Taytor, Mrs. Henry Oszorn,
Taytor, Henry R.,
Taytor, James B.,
Tayzor, Luioyp,
Taytor, Moses,
Taytor, Rosert C.,
Taytor, Witiiam A.,
Tenney, C. H.,
Terry, Mrs. Joun T.,
Terry, Jr., RopericK,
Terry, WyLLys,
TuacHer, ARCHIBALD G.,
Tuacuer, Mrs. Grorce W.,
Tuacuer, THomas,
Mrcawe oe C-.
Tutayer, Harry Bares,
Tuomas, Dr. ALLEN M.,
Tuomas, Mrs. Howarp L.,
Tuomas, Jr., SetH E.,
Troompson, Frarrincton M.,
Tompson, Giraup F,,
Tuompson, Mrs. J. TopHuNTER,
TuHompson, Witttam Boyce,
THorLeEy, CIARLESs,
TuHorNe, CuHas. STocKToN,
THoRNE, Mrs. Enwin,
THORNE, JONATHAN,
TuorneE, Mrs. JoNATHAN,
Tuorne, Mrs. SAMUEL,
TuHorneE, Mrs. W. V. S.,
THORNE, W. V. S.,
IMELURBER, El. :,
TrerneEy, Mytes J.,
Tirrany, Louis C.,
TittEy, Grorce D.,
Tizt, ALBERT,
Titton, Joserpn W.,
Timken, J. Henry,
TIMMERMANN, Henry G.,
Timpson, JAMES,
Top, J. KENNEDY,
AMo; Joly aly
Topp, Water B.,
Torer, Mrs. Vircinia W.,
Tompy, BorGreipt,
Tonneut, Mrs. Joun N.,
TownsEND, Miss Amy C.,
TownsEND, Mrs. E. M.,
TowNnsEND, Epwin S.,
TowNnsEND, Howarp,
"LOwWNSEND, Isaac,
TroBie, Mrs. RicHarp.
Trorscuer, A. F.,
Trowpripcr, FrepertcK K,,
Tucker, Mrs. Acnrs J.,
Tucker, Cart,
TucKERMAN, ALFRED,
TucKkERMAN, Pauvt,
TURNBULL, ARTHUR,
Turnsuii, Mrs. Ramsay,
TurNurE, Grorce E.,
By NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Tuska, BENJAMIN,
*Tuzo, Henry FRANCIs,
“TWEDDELL, WiLL1aAmM H.,
‘weep, Mrs. Cuartes H.,
TL WitNGENG=, By S's
Unt, Oswatp W.,
UnpDERWoop, WiLitIAM LYMAN,
Urmann, Cart,
VALENTINE, Mrs. Patricx A.,
VALENTINE, Dr. WitiiaM A.,
Van BeEvureEN, JR., FREDERICK T.,
VaANDERGRIFT, S. H.,
VaNn DER Hooct, Mrs. C. W.,
VANDERLIP, FRANK A.,
VANDERPOEL, AmBROSE E.,
VANDERPOEL, Mrs. Joun A..,
VAN DER SMISSEN, Dr. G. J.,
Van Dyxe, R. B.,
Van Empureu, D. B.,
Van Gersic, Barenn,
Van Incen, Mrs. Epwarp,
Van INGEN, Mrs. E. H.,
Van Norvden, Orromar H.,
Van Nosrrann, B. T.,
Van SINDEREN, Howarp,
Van WINKLE, Encar B.,
Varcor, Haroxp,
VARIAN, WILBuR L.,
Vartan, Mrs. Wixtpur Linwoop,
Vernay, ArTHUR S.,
VesPER, Kart H.,
Vietor, THomas F.,
VINCENT, FRANK,
VocEL, Herman,
von BernutnH, JR., Fritz,
von DreELE, Wn. H.,
von Gonvarp, Mrs. ALEXANDER,
von LENGERKE, J USTUS,
von Zepuitz, Mrs. Anna M.,
Vuitteumier, Dr. Juss A.,
Wacstarr, Mrs. ALFrep,
Wacsrarr, C. DuBors,
Warnwricut, Mrs. J. Howarp,
WALBURN, JOSEPH,
Watcorr, Frepertic C.,
Watno, R.,
Waters, Epwarp H.,
Waker, Bryant,
Waker, EF. B.,
Waker, Gustavus A.,
Waker, Dr. Joun B.,
*Water, JR., RoBert,
Water, STEWART,
WatsH, SAMUEL A.,
Water, Encar,
Water, Martin,
Watry, A. R.,
WANNINGER, CHARLES,
WarsBure, Paut M.,
Warp, ARTEMAS,
Warp, Mrs. Georct Casot,
WarDNER, HENRY STEELE,
WARDWELL, ALLEN,
Warren, Mrs. J. Hospart,
W aRREN, Luoyn,
W asHBurRN, THomas G.,
WASHBURN, Wm. Ives,
WATERBURY, JOHN I.,
W avrEerRBuRY, Miss,
Watson, Cuartits F.,
Watson, Tomas J.,
Warr, THomas L.,
WEATHERBEE, Mrs. Epwin H.,
Wess, F. Ecerton,
Wess, J. Griswo1p,
Wess, Mrs. Witt1AmM SEWARD,
WeEErEKs, JAMES,
WEIGLE, Cuartes H.,
Wert, RicHarp,
WeINIG, BERNARD,
Wetrr, Mrs. C. GouvERNEUR,
WEITLING, WILLIAM W.,
WELLS, OLIVER J.,
WERNER, C. H.,
WessEL, J. HENry,
WessELL, Arruur L.,
West, Dr. Wo.,
Westover, M. F.,
Wetmore, EnMunp,
WHEELER, WALTER S.,
Wuee.ock, Mrs. G. G.,
Wuirter, A. M.,
Waite, Haroxp T.,
Wurire, Horace,
Wuite, Leonarp D.,
Wuitenousk, J. Henry,
W uireHOusE, NORMAN,
WHITEHOUSE, WiLLIAM F.,
Wuittne, Dr. CuHartes A.,
Wuitinc, Miss GertrupdE,
WHITMAN, CLARENCE,
WHITMAN, JR., WILLIAM,
Wuitrince, F. W.,
WicKERSHAM, GEORGE W.,
WiceieswortH, Henry,
Witxins, F. H.,
Wiicox, Wm. G.,
Witiiams, Arex. S.,
Wititiams, ArrHurR,
Witiiams, Davin,
Wixirams, Grorce L..,
Witirams, Mrs. Percy H.,
WixiiaMs, Jr., RicHarp H.,
WiiiaMs, WALDRON,
WiriraMms, WiiitaM,
Wititams, Witi1am H.,
*DECEASED.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT a
Wixuriamson, Mrs. Butter, *Woopwarpb, Roserr B.,
Witrmrss We, es Woopwarp, Mrs. Wo.,
*Wiis, Cuar_es T., Woottey, C. M.,
Wineate, Gro. W., Worcester, WILFRED J.,
WINTER, JULIUS, Work, Bertram G.,
WIntTERROTH, Mag. E. J., Worrat., P. B.,
Winturop, Jr., Ecertron I.., Wricut, Hat,
WISNER, CHARLES, Wricut, J. DunBar,
WirHersBerk, Frank S., *“Wricut, JouN Howarp,
Witrrnaus, Dr. Ruporenu A., Wycxorr, Dr. Peter Brown,
WITTMANN, JOSEPH, Wycxorr, Mrs. Peter B.,
Wotr, ArtHurR D., Younc, A. Murray,
Woturr, Emit, ZABRISKIE, ANDREW C.,
Woop, ARNOLD, ZABRISKIE, Miss ETHEL,
Woop, GrrBert Concpon, ZENTGRAF, Rev. Georcr J.,
Woop, J. WALTER, ZINSSER, AUGUST,
Woop, Witt1am Conepon, ZinssER, Mrs. Avucust,
Woopnnovuse Company, J. S., ZINSSER, JR., AUGUST,
Wooprurr, Apert C., ZINN, GEORGE,
Woopwarb, KENNETH N.. ZOLLER, CHARLES,
Corresponding Members
GiLFEepp_ErR, T. P., LeSover, W. H. Dun ey,
GituespPiz. T. H., Mititwarp, Russert Hastines,
JOWNSTON, Sir Harry H., SrurtTEVANT, Lieut. C. G.,
Tyrwuitr, Drake G.,
Summary of Membership
Benefactors Er Pe i Seana UE nee rn tre eatin, 6
VEMOADIANG Ke eNSta TaN Let Shey AKRON FAA ees eee Ae et deere cr rere 14
HOundenSt ee ee eek ee Rie ald Erect. mes te LA Pea e ar le Ae ee ee tO ())
NISC 0 CLA Teme ENO ULE CLT: Settee ert ee eee 5
ailimOlNG seen ns pee) eee ie Dea ie ERODED IPs te A eee ee RP
TB ema Verna Ts fecs soe eee area ce Oe oP Ran er rr ee Se
REO Wis eet ee ern Bee er DE te Sessa tee Bree Nia 0h OURS Sen ce, RE te eg Lee Rec
P Nora rasta cid ges ES Trra ty TS eee eo a Se eer ee lc ae eer ee eel ao
Honorary and Corresponding Mie mb@rS# teste a ee re ee SPN ep ek Rr. palcascng © LU
2,138
Oualifirations for Regular Membership
Ammiuall Members! 222s 10 Associate’ Hounders) 2... $ 2,500
eikepe Vem ernst se ee ee 200 Rounders 22 ee meee 5000
TES NR(O) OV) ee aa en SE oe ee OR a 1,000 Founders in Perpetuity................ 10,000
~ Benefa ClLORS ee eo 00)
Form of Heyuest
I do hereby give and bequeath to the ‘‘NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL
SOCIBUNEc: OpSUILCs GOL) Off UNICUUNY ON isrps™ tn Re Ee ee ge
*DEecrasen.
=
ge >
= es
SR
eet" = re
THE EFFECT OF A TYPICAL NEW YORK SNOW STORM
The Beaver Pond and adjacent forest in the Zoological Park completely smothered under a heavy fall of snow.
REPORT OF
THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS.
The Executive Committee respectfully submit the following
report to the Board of Managers for the year 1915:
It is the sad duty of your committee to report the death on
Sunday, July 4, 1915, of Mr. Samuel Thorne, Vice-President of
the Society. Mr. Thorne was one of the early members of the
Board of Managers and has served on the Executive Committee
since 1902, and as Vice-President of the Society since 1909. He
was devoted to the interests of the Society, and contributed
most generously to its general work and to the development of
the Zoological Park.
The resolutions passed by your committee will appear at
the end of this report.
MEMBERS.
Notwithstanding the unsettled conditions during the past
year, 141 new members have been secured; 128 Annual Members
and 13 Life Members. Resignations and deaths, however, offset
this gain, so that the total membership remains practically un-
changed. The membership as of January 1, 1916, is as follows:
IBEMenAGHORG eke tesa a) OW Sy 4 Reed ne sl 6
Mounders ine Perpetuity ....-.2.. 14
YOUNGER Spe eel ce eS eh He 20
MssociatesMounders 1.2520 a 5
PUG OM Spe teen teint. MiP Soe NE et et ll 32
ute wMiemibens! settee 06 LE a 282
eI @yyisi tae mem dct wee rae sms eT ih yt Dee 34
FNM DEE WE NUS 001 oe AS eee eae ee Peas Cae cd 1,730
Honorary and Corresponding Members 15
36 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
ATTENDANCE.
The attendance at the Park and the Aquarium for 1915, as
compared with 1914, has been as follows:
Park Aquarium
9 1 7 ee eee os ane a, 2,020,438 2,029 00
STIRS ie OP eta ew 1,780,077 1,538,831
There appears to be no specific reason for the decrease in
the attendance at both institutions as noted above, other than
the war in Europe.
The total annual cost to the City for the maintenance of
these two institutions for the year 1915 is .074 cents per visitor.
COLLECTIONS AT THE PARK.
A census of the animals in the Zoological Park, taken Janu-
ary 1, 1916, is as follows:
January 1; 1915 January 1, 1916
Species Specimens Species Specimens
Mammals =... =204 586 Zale 636
JB IC) eer mere eRe 811 ERTS 813 Pa (1S
Reptiles =. 2 ar GA 1,014 LS 791
Ie} 4,353 St 4,200
Gunda.—In June, upon the recommendation of Dr. Horna-
day, and after full consideration by your committee, the death
of the large male Indian elephant Gunda was authorized. In-
stead of improving, as was hoped, the elephant’s state of erotic
frenzy had become worse. For the first time in his life, Gunda re-
fused to take food, and his desire to kill a keeper became a mania.
On Tuesday morning, June 22, 1915, Mr. Carl E. Akeley of
the American Museum of Natural History shot Gunda through
the head, producing instantaneous paralysis of the brain.
The skeleton and the skin have been presented to the
Museum, and the soft anatomy to the College of Physicians and
Surgeons for use in research work. Certain available portions
of the carcass were used as food for the animals.
Gunda arrived at the Zoological Park in May, 1904, as the
gift of Col. Oliver H. Payne. For a short time he was used as
a riding animal, under careful supervision, but his temper in-
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT aw
creased with age, and he was finally confined to his cage and yard.
The execution of Gunda was ordered by your committee with
reluctance, but inasmuch as the animal was not enjoying life,
and did not seem likely to do so more than half of each year,
it was not kindness to prolong his existence, entirely aside from
the question of danger to his attendants.
African Elephant Congo.—During October the African ele-
phant Congo at the Park, became disabled with neuritis in his
fore legs and suffered severely. On November 38, 1915, therefore,
upon the recommendation of Dr. Hornaday, the death of this
animal was authorized. He was shot by Mr. Akeley, and his
remains have been sent to the American Museum and to the
College of Physicians and Surgeons.
Alaskan Bear.—On October 23, 1915, Dr. Hornaday reported
that the hip of one of the Alaskan bears, sixteen years old, had
been shattered by an accidental fall during the summer, and
was incurable. This animal was thereupon shot.
Barbary Lion Sultan After having lived thirteen years
in the Zoological Park, and attained an age of nearly eighteen
years (four years more than the ordinary duration of life of a
lion in captivity), our Barbary lion Sultan, was chloroformed
on June 8, 1915, on account of old age and general disability.
Unfortunately, his skin was in such poor condition that it was
not fit to mount. The head, however, will be mounted, and placed
in the Administration Building.
Gorilla—Dinah, the female gorilla, after being in the pos-
session of the Society for two years, died on August 3, 1915.
The cause of her death was exhaustion from starvation, mal-
nutrition and rickets. During the last two weeks of her life she
was offered at least twenty different kinds of food, but ate prac-
tically nothing save oranges and a little oatmeal.
General.—The health of the animals continues good and
there have been no losses of moment other than those reported
above.
Owing to the European war and to the small balance avail-
able for the purchase of animals, few acquisitions of great im-
portance have been received during the year.
A special subscription of $500 has been received from the
Junior Auxiliary, through Mrs. Richard Trimble, with which a
lioness named Judy was purchased. The animal is an excellent
specimen and is now on exhibition at the Park.
38 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Early in the spring a large consignment of South American
birds and mammals was offered to the Society by the Zoological
Garden of Para, Brazil. Many of the species offered were rare
and highly desirable. The opportunity to secure valuable speci-
mens and also to establish a permanent source of supply, was
availed of by sending Curator Beebe to Para. The total expen-
diture was $2,342.30, which was borne by the Animal Fund.
Mr. Beebe returned to New York on May 29, 1915, bringing
44 mammals, 63 birds, 17 reptiles, and a few rare and curious
fishes, all in excellent condition. These groups are exhibited
as a special South American feature in the Primate and Small-
Mammal Houses, the Aquatic-Bird House and the Reptile House.
A New Exhibit.—Assistant Curator Crandall has brought
together and installed at the eastern side of Baird Court, a large
collection of appliances designed to encourage the return of our
native birds. It consists of nest boxes of many kinds, food-tables
and bird houses. Each specimen is fully labelled with its trade
name, name and address of the maker and the price.
COLLECTIONS.
A census of the exhibits at the Aquarium, taken January 1,
1916, shows the following results:
January 1, 19k5 January 1,7 1916
Species Specimens Species Specimens
Bishese.- 2a es 146 2,876 140 3,186
Reptiles)... 24 130 23 95
Amphibia << sc. .2 9 109 14 166
Invertebrates... 18 2,051 Pah 2,238
Wieyiminlee 2 3 2 3
199 5,169 200 5,688
The collections at the Aquarium are in good condition.
Numerous fresh-water fishes have been secured by exchange
with the Philadelphia Aquarium, and by collecting in local
waters. Arrangements have also been made with the Booth
Steamship Line for a collection of large turtles from the upper
Amazon, to be delivered in January, 1916.
By special arrangement with the aquariums in Boston and
Philadelphia, a shipment of 600 tropical fishes was brought from
Key West, Florida, the New York Aquarium undertaking the
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 39
collecting and shipment of the fishes, while the other two in-
stitutions paid the expenses. This has given the Aquarium 200
tropical fishes without any cost except the labor of the foreman
who made the trip, and cartage in New York.
A penguin from southern Chili, presented to the Society,
has been a very attractive exhibit and seems to be thriving. It
has the freedom of the sturgeon pool in the daytime, and at
night is kept in an open pen on the gravel roof.
Mr. J. kK. Nye presented four new porpoises to the Society,
two of which were young and soon died. The other two are
doing well. The dead porpoises were sent by special request
to the biological department of Princeton University as the gift
of the Society.
The last of the porpoises which had been on exhibition at
the Aquarium for twenty-one months, died during the month of
August, owing to the unusually bad conditions of the harbor
water.
John J. DeNyse.—Mr. John J. DeNyse, Collector at the
Aquarium and one of the oldest employees, became incapacitated
during the year as the result of a stroke of paralysis, was retired
under the Pension Plan, and died on December 29, 1915.
Pathologist.—Upon the recommendation of Dr. Townsend,
Director of the Aquarium, Dr. George A. MacCallum of the Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgeons, who is doing some very valu-
able work at the Aquarium on parasites, has been appointed
Pathologist to the Aquarium.
Assistant Director.—Dr. Raymond C. Osburn has tendered
his resignation as Assistant Director of the Aquarium to take
the chair of Biology in the New Connecticut College for Women
at New London. Your committee lose his services with much
regret.
Mr. Chapman Grant has been engaged with the title of
Curator of Fresh-Water Collections.
New Aquarium.—The model of the new Aquarium Build-
ing has been moved from the American Museum of Natural His-
tory, and is now on exhibition at the Aquarium.
Repairs.—Certain repairs being necessary to the Aquarium
Building, an application was made by your committee to the
Roard of Aldermen for an issue of Revenue Bonds for the fol-
lowing purposes:
‘suowoeds anoy Stequinu MOU pdey ey, “UsOg J[BO puoDdes oY} SI SIT,
YAHLOW GNV WIVO MVA
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT Al
1. Repairs to the roof of Building necessary to
make wt. watertight 2. 225 2s ne! pee le n00.00
2. Repairs to archway over rear doov................. ae 200.00
3. Resurfacing of outer walls now in a very bad
condition: se Ore se ae kas 1,000.00
4. Installation of ventilation system to exhaust
HOO) UNIGSSTT nie eR ae aed seat oe, el recent Sane ee 800.00
$3,500.00
The sum of $2,000 was granted for the first three of the
above items, and work is now under way.
A contract has been let for necessary repairs to the tile
flooring and also for the painting of the entire interior of the
main hall and the upper and lower offices. The present venti-
lating ducts have also been extended and arrangements made
for more light in the office stairway. The annual lining of the
furnaces with brick has been done at a cost of $310, and the
iron work in the building has been thoroughly scraped and
painted by the Aquarium forces.
The most important improvement during the year has been
the installation of filters for purifying the Harbor water used
in the floor pools for seals, porpoises and large fish. Being of
low salinity and polluted with sewage, New York Harbor water
is very unsatisfactory for aquarium purposes.
MAINTENANCE.
Park.—The sum of $200,000 provided by the City for the
maintenance of the Zoological Park for the year 1915, proved
sufficient and the year closed without a deficit. The sum of
$197,074.35 has been appropriated for the year 1916. This re-
duction of $2,925.65 is an arbitrary cut made by the City author-
ities in the interest of general economy and will make it difficult
for the Society to maintain the Park during the year without
a deficit.
Aquartum.—The sum of $47,000 provided by the City for
the maintenance of the Aquarium for the year 1915, proved
sufficient to close the year without a deficit. A similar amount
has been granted for the year 1916.
A2 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
FINANCES.
Owing to the policy of your committee of keeping expendi-
tures within our known resources the Society closes the year
in a fair financial position, despite the unsettled conditions of
the past year. The balances to the credit of the several funds
as of December 31, 1915, are as follows:
incomes NCcounte ese ee koe ee $23,340.22
Arras a sa ae orien SP es sae oe 5,198.31
Cadwalader: Animal Hund): -4— oe 788.89
Endowment Fund (uninvested) 0... 1S9%22380
SLOKes-a0 side Hpi Ge eae ee eee re 277.29
APO AIY ec EUUING og ete ee nan ee ab ec eee 94.68
National Collection of Heads and Horns... 320.36
Wald hite-Protection Bund@ = 4). 2s 648.64
Improvement and Repair Account... 62206
fropical Research -hund2*. 2 5,000.00
fa.) #2 SAO ea tee, ener os Ne eaten whe $39,403.55
Pension Fund Income Account:
BHarmers sloan and LrustiGo. =) $4,595.77
Corn Exchange Bank (Bronx) ... 372.68
$4,968.45
The above balances are in the Farmers’ Loan and Trust
Company, and upon the recommendation of Mr. Percy R. Pyne,
Treasurer, said Trust Company has been appointed Assistant
Treasurer of the Society, to take effect January 1, 1916, and is
to be vested with the same powers and duties as those now pos-
sessed by the Treasurer. This will greatly facilitate the work
of the Treasurer’s Department.
INCOME ACCOUNT.
The general income of the Society, including that from the
Endowment Fund, was insufficient during the year to meet cur-
rent expenses, and it was necessary to use a portion of the cash
balance on hand at the beginning of the year.
The annual cash subscription of $3,640 to the Pension
Fund, which is taken from the general income of the Society,
is responsible for this deficit.
The balance of the Society’s subscription to this fund, which
totals $8,000, is made up by the income from the fund of $100,000
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 43
provided by Mr. Andrew Carnegie. Relief from this annual
drain will be sought during 1916, as well as an increase in the
membership and in the Endowment Fund.
During the year the income from the Endowment Fund,
aggregating $14,632.80 was transferred to this fund, as well as
the accumulation of balances from previous years, aggregating
$6,206.32, thus closing out the Endowment Fund Income Ac-
count. With these transfers the Income Account closes the year
with a credit balance of $23,340.22.
ANIMAL FUND.
The falling off in the privileges at the Park, and the use
of gate receipts for needed repairs, resulted during the year in
the depletion of the Animal Fund. A transfer was thereupon
made of the available funds in the Privilege Department in the
amount of $5,000, which was only sufficient to purchase the nec-
essary renewals in the collections. Your committee, therefore,
have authorized the raising of a fund of $10,000 for the pur-
chase of animals during the year 1916. To date the following
subseriptions have been received:
Bimerson. MeMillim 3.2) 2 ee $1,000.00
Oodenal also kee eel es ee Bey oe Mane 1,000.00
Elemisy 2! Mee iltiOrGd'ss 10) 2 se rs 2s Se ee 500.00
lmispenand Stewart. 2202.02.45 2, ono 500.00
Watson iB. Dickerman. 2. = oes 500.00
Grant Be Schley 22.50... ee NEE ence NE 500.00
Edward S. Harkness 2.2.4.2. ON 8 athe ae te eee 250.00
Geonme: © Olathe pe © he ert Pes 250.00
$4,500.00
The sum of $5,500 additional must be provided in order to
maintain the Park collections on their present basis. The bal-
ance to the credit of this fund on December 31, 1915, amounted
to $5,198.31.
ENDOW MENT FUND.
On June 29, a payment of $13,750 in cash was made on
account of the bequest left to the Society by Mrs. Morris K.
Jesup, deceased. It is probable that the balance, amounting to
$11,250, will be received when the market conditions for the sale
of securities in the estate are more favorable.
44 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
The cash received has been credited to the Endowment Fund
and invested in the following securities:
$13,400 New York City 414% Bonds due 1965.
The bequest of $1,000 left to the Society by Mr. Jacob
Langeloth, deceased, a former Annual Member, has also been
paid, and the money credited to the Endowment Fund.
With the Life Membership fees received during the year
the Endowment Fund now amounts to $340,312.
This fund is invested in securities yielding net income at
the average rate of 4.55% per annum.
On December 31, 1915, there was a small uninvested cash
balance of $1,972.80 on hand.
CADWALADER ANIMAL FUND.
This fund consists of the income from the fund of $20,000
bequeathed to the Society by Mr. John L. Cadwalader, deceased,
the income of which is to be used for the purchase of animals
for the Park. On January 1, 1915, there was a cash balance of
$188.89; the income during the year amounted to $1,000, and
animals at the total cost of $400 have been purchased. This
fund closes the year with a cash balance of $788.89.
The principal fund has been invested in twenty Illinois
Central and Chicago, St. Louis & New Orleans joint 5% bonds,
at par.
STOKES’ BIRD FUND.
The income from this fund, which consists of $5,000 be-
queathed to the Society by the late Miss Caroline Phelps Stokes,
is devoted to the protection of bird life throughout the country.
On Jan. 1, 1915, there was a balance on hand of $134.69
and during the year income was received in the amount of $200.
The expenditures have only amounted to $57.40, leaving a cash
balance on hand December 31, 1915, of $277.29.
LIBRARY FUND.
The Library Fund is supported by transfers from the Gen-
eral Income account of the Society. During the year one such
transfer was made of $500, which with the balance of $146.57
on hand January 1, 1915, made a total of $646.57 available for
expenditure. Books, periodicals, pamphlets, etc., have been pur-
chased to the extent of $551.89, and the account shows a balance
of $94.68 on December 31, 1915.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 45
NATIONAL COLLECTION OF HEADS AND HORNS.
The only sources of income for this fund are transfers from
the General Income Account of the Society, and private sub-
scriptions. Two transfers of $500 each were made during the
year, and private subscriptions aggregating $65 have been re-
ceived, which with the balance of $280.27 on hand January 1,
1915, made a total of $1,345.27 available for expenditure.
Heads and horns at a total cost of $1,024.91 have been pur-
chased and the account closes the year with a balance of $320.36.
WILD LIFE PROTECTION FUND.
The expenditures against this fund during the year have
been nominal and amounted to $67.56. The balance on hand
January 1, 1915, was $517.45 and receipts in the amount of
$198.75 have been received from the sale of “Our Vanishing Wild
Life.” This fund closes the year with a cash balance of $648.64.
PARK IMPROVEMENT AND REPAIR FUND.
A schedule of repairs and improvements at the Park was
prepared for the year 1915 and approved by your committee,
at an estimated cost of $10,000.
The funds for this work are derived from gate receipts,
which during the past year amounted to $9,669.03, $330.97 be-
low the estimated figure of $10,000. The schedule of repairs,
ete., approved at the beginning of the year was therefore re-
duced accordingly. Nevertheless, extensive repairs have been
made to the roofs and gutters of the Deer Barns and the Buffalo
Shed, Goose and Pheasant Aviaries, Large Bird House, large
Shelter Pavilion, miscellaneous heating repairs and a large
amount of work on walks and roads. This work will be con-
tinued during 1916.
CARNEGIE PENSION FUND.
The fund of $100,000 received from Mr. Andrew Carnegie
has been invested in securities yielding net income at the aver-
age rate of 4.38% per annum. This income, together with the
cash subscription from the general income of the Society, repre-
sents the total subscription of the Society to the Pension Fund
HEAD OF AN AFRICAN BLACK RHINOCEROS
Purchased for the National Collection of Heads and Horns.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT AT
annually, viz., $8,000, which is a little more than twice the
amount subscribed by employees. Your committee hope during
the year 1916 to be able to increase the principal of the Pension
Fund so that it will not be necessary for the Society to make
this annual cash subscription, which during 1915 amounted to
$3,415. Experience has shown that this annual drain on the
Society, if continued, will greatly cripple its work.
The pension plan during the year has worked very smoothly,
and a full statement from the Pension Board appears later in
this report.
During the year employees have paid in to the Pension
Fund Income Account $3,172.18, and the Society has paid $8,000.
On December 31, 1915, there was a cash balance on hand of
$15,139.91, of which $10,171.46 has been invested in quickly
convertible securities.
OVERDRAFTS.
Under the contract with the City it is necessary for the
Society to advance funds for the purchase of maintenance sup-
plies and pay rolls at the Park and the Aquarium, reimburse-
ments being made by the City from time to time. When the
balances to the credit of the different funds of the Society in the
Farmers’ Loan and Trust Company are low, it is probable that
the above procedure will cause an overdraft, as has frequently
happened in former years. To provide against this contingency
your committee have authorized the Treasurer to deposit with
the Farmers’ Loan and Trust Company, securities belonging to
the Society in the amount of $50,000, to be held as a guarantee
against overdrafts which may be made from time to time upon
the account of the Society.
CORPORATE STOCK.
The entire issue of Corporate Stock authorized by the City
authorities in 1914 in the amount of $18,425, and which had
been held up, was released during the year, and with the bal-
ance of $7,518.32 already available for the Animal Hospital, is
as follows:
Construction of a Hospital Building to be
located inthe Service. Vard.. 2.4. $22,518.32
Six news drinkine, fountaAINS...2 22) 600.00
48 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
New paint and oil storage building... 300.00
Poultry- Breeding: Houses: 2-2 ee 1,400.00
Construction of a steel sliding door and
strengthening the steel fence at the
Mlephanteltousetis -<usie sears eee es 1 Z5200
Note—This amount was originally authorized for the “erection
of a steel fence on 180th Street, east of Bronx River,’ but
upon request was changed to the above.
$25,943.32
All this work practically has been completed.
On April 9, the following application was made for an addi-
tional issue of corporate stock:
1. Fund for the construction of a house for
Anthropoid eA pes 25 =e zon $70,000.00
2. Fund for the development and protection
of the Park to the East of Boston
ROA Gs oaths. ee ee RL atone eee 10,000.00
3. Fund for the treatment of the bottom of
thes Waldoowl Pond 5 5,000.00
4. Fund for new concrete dock at the Boat
ERGUIGE) ceo8 ey Bot Niet UA Siew (ar eto 3,000.00
5. Fund for Soda Pavilion in front of the
RepiilerHOuUSe. 7. fx. tnb es Seas ee ee 2,000.00
6. Emergency Fund for planting, walks,
fencing yards, small installations,
ete., and other permanent improve-
TOMES T ck ek ome ey eres A aan 5,000.00
$95,000.00
Of this application, only the sum of $3,000 has been granted
for the installation of a new bottom for the Wild Fowl
Pond. This work was imperatively necessary owing to the
foul condition of the pond. It is improbable that any additional
funds will be available for some time owing to the financial con-
dition of the City.
BOAT HOUSE DOCK.
For several years your committee have, without avail, en-
deavored to secure an appropriation from the City authorities
for repairs to the Boat House dock at the Park. The repairs
are now imperatively necessary, and as there was an opportunity
to get the fill and stone needed without cost, the construction
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 49
of a new concrete dock at the expense of the Privilege Depart-
ment was authorized. This work consists of the erection of a
concrete wall, the filling in of the space between the wall and
the shore line and the placing on of a concrete surface. It is
estimated that the total cost will be $3,000. The expenditure
of $481.41 has been incurred during 1915, and the balance is to
be charged against 1916. ;
ELEPHANT YARDS.
After a long delay, funds at last became available for addi-
tions to certain elephant fences. The two southwesterly ele-
phant yards at the Elephant House have been strengthened by
means of heavy steel braces behind the posts and railroad iron
on the top bar of these fences, and are now strong enough to
hold the largest and most mischievous elephants.
ELEPHANT HOUSE.
During 1911 and 1912 great injury was done to the Ele-
phant House by leakage, resulting from the imperfect condition
of the roof. The building was constructed by Nesbit & Co.,
for the City. This corporation refused to make good the dam-
age when requested to do so, and suit was thereupon brought
by the City with the assistance of the Society, against Nesbit
& Co., and the surety on their bond. Recovery was had in
the amount of $4,500, of which $2,250 was received in cash,
and $2,250 in an approved claim against the People’s Surety
Company. This is the first time that the City has actually col-
lected damages against a city contractor for defective work in
the Park, and it is hoped the result will be a warning to all who
attempt to evade strict compliance with contracts.
In the meantime, the repairs necessary had been made
under an additional appropriation from the City, at a cost of
$5,865.
ANIMAL HOSPITAL.
During the year, the contract for the heating work in the
Animal Hospital building was awarded in the amount of $1,337,
which with the general contract $15,300, the plumbing contract,
$800, and the architects’ commissions, about $900, will make
the total cost of this building $18,337. The amount available
for this work is $22,518.32. The balance will be used for the
construction of the necessary yards.
9uo paMOl[[OF pue 194850} Potoy}eS SsleyjoUu [BIeAVS JO Bultdsyo oy],
SONITSOD GNV HSOOD VAVNV)O
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT Sil
PURIFICATION OF AIR IN BUILDINGS AT PARK.
In an attempt to purify the foul air and eradicate animal
odors in the different buildings at the Park, your committee
authorized the installation of ozone machines. These machines
are operated by electricity and the consumption of current is
about the same as for one electric light bulb. The results have
been most gratifying. Nine machines have been installed
during 1915, at a cost of $75 each, chargeable against the Main-
tenance Fund.
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.
The general health of the mammals has remained good
throughout the year, the deaths occurring principally among
the small mammals and South American monkeys.
Except where an immediate autopsy was necessary to deter-
mine the cause of death in order to safeguard our collections,
all animals have been turned over to the Prosector’s Department.
It has been necessary to destroy an increasing number of ani-
mals from our original stock on account of old age. During
the coming year it will be necessary to destroy a number of
animals whose usefulness as exhibition specimens is past, owing
to general debility resulting from old age. Many of these
animals were of adult age when received at the Park, and have
been on exhibition continuously for more than a dozen years.
With some of these animals, especially where the specimen is
rare, and difficult or impossible to replace, it is often difficult
to decide just when it has reached such a state of debility as
to justify its merciful destruction.
The new Animal Hospital which has been greatly needed
for many years is now nearly completed, and should be ready
for service about March, 1916. This building will provide excel-
lent facilities for the isolation and treatment of medical and
surgical cases, and at the same time by the prompt removal
of suspicious cases of illness, reduce the danger to the healthy
animals from infectious diseases.
FORESTRY DEPARTMENT.
The usual amount of general maintenance work, such as
cleaning of walks, lawns and buildings, the collection and dis-
posal of garbage, refuse, manure and ashes, the general upkeep
52 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
of buildings, cages and fences, and the policing of the grounds,
has been carried on as in previous years. Special attention has
been paid to the lands lying east of Boston Road, which have
been cleaned and are now in good condition. Great assistance
was rendered in this work by the free labor furnished by the
Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor.
Little has been done by this department during the year
in ground improvement work on account of lack of funds. The
most important items, however, are, the replacing of the Poultry
Laying House at the Nursery; the erection of a Brooder and
Incubator House; the installation of seven new drinking foun-
tains; the strengthening of the Elephant Yard fence; the con-
struction of a drain from the new Animal Hospital to the main
sewer; and the commencement of the work in connection with
the construction of a new concrete bottom for the Wild Fowl
Pond.
A large amount of repair work to buildings and walks has
been accomplished during the year. This has already been
reported upon, however, in the Improvement and Repair Fund.
EAST SIDE EXTENSION.
During the early part of the year it became apparent to
your committee that the Public Service Commission intended
to take a large strip of the easterly border of Bronx Park, which
contains perhaps the finest trees in any public park in the City
of New York, including a large number of handsome pin oaks,
and use it in connection with the new subway for the storage
of dead cars. In return they proposed to give a triangular por-
tion of land north of 180th Street and abutting on the southeast
corner of the Zoological Park. The lands were about equal in
area, but for park purposes there could be no comparison, as
the land they proposed to add to the Park is rough and un-
sightly, with only a few trees in one corner, and an enormous
sum would be required to fit it for park purposes.
With the above purpose in mind the Public Service Com-
mission introduced at Albany a bill to which your committee
made strenuous objections. The bill would have failed of pas-
sage if the objections had not been withdrawn upon the definite
statement to your committee, of Chairman McCall of the Public
Service Commission, through Mr. John E. Eustis, that no por-
tion of the land acquired from Bronx Park would be used for
storage yard purposes, and that a request would only be made
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT bo
for a strip of Park land sufficiently wide to allow the passage
of traffic tracks, such strip being twenty-three feet wide at the
widest part and tapering to a point at either end.
Commissioner Whittle of the Department of Parks for the
Borough of the Bronx took a firm stand against the invasion
of the Park by the subway system, here an elevated structure.
After much negotiation a line was agreed upon between
the Park Department and the Public Service Commission, largely
through the activities of Park Commissioner Ward, by which
the easterly line of the addition to Bronx Park was slightly
modified and a very small strip without important trees, turned
over for the use of the new subway, a strip of land of similar
area belonging to the Public Service Commission immediately
to the south, being returned to the Park.
The subway construction company has been forced to build a
concrete wall and to keep the nearest line of rails eight feet back
from the top of such wall. The installation of storage yards
for dead cars, even though they be on land outside of the Park,
is nevertheless a public nuisance when located at the entrance
to one of the handsomest parks in the City of New York and
close to the entrance of the new Bronx Parkway.
The Public Service Commission and their engineers, in
their planning and construction of the subway, have shown an
utter indifference to the most elemental artistic considerations,
and have exhibited an entire disregard of the Park interests.
If it had not been for the active protest of the Zoological Society
and the support received from the Park Department, many hand-
some trees would have been destroyed and much of the easterly
side of Bronx Park turned into an unsightly elevated yard for
the storage of dead cars. The Public Service Commission pur-
sued their old policy of secrecy until the last moment and until
the road was so far constructed that it was impossible to secure
any substantial change in the route.
Bronx Park seems to be doomed to attacks of this char-
acter, but the Society has thus far succeeded in stopping them.
A portion of the old Boston Post Road which passes through
the Park and still retains its original beauty, is threatened at
present with an overhead system of electric wiring, but as this
portion of the Park is within the jurisdiction of the Society,
your committee expect to be able to prevent its desecration by
ugly overhead wires, to say nothing of the injury to the splendid
forest trees that surround it.
54 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
With the use of about fifteen men supplied by the Associa-
tion for Improving the Condition of the Poor, through the
courtesy of Mr. Percy R. Pyne, a vast amount of cleaning up
was done east of Bronx River without cost to the Society. All
paper, bottles, broken glass, wire and tin cans have been col-
lected and burned or buried, dead brush burned and dead trees
cut into cordwood and stacked.
RECEPTIONS.
National Academy of Sciences —On November 17, 1915, the
members of the National Academy of Sciences visited the Park .
upon the invitation of your committee, and were entertained at
luncheon. About sixty were present.
Reception at Aquaritum.—The Annual Reception to mem-
bers was held at the Aquarium on Monday evening, May 3, 1915.
An attendance of about five hundred was noted. Members of
the Board of Managers and of the Ladies’ Auxiliary acted as a
Reception Committee. Motion pictures were shown and music
and refreshments were furnished.
Ladies’ Day at the Park.—The Ladies’ Auxiliary held a re-
ception at the Park on Thursday, May 13, 1915. Refreshments
were served.
Members’ Day at the Park—On Thursday, June 3, 1915, a
reception was tendered to members in the Administration Build-
ing. Band music and refreshments were furnished.
MEMORANDUM OF MEETINGS, 1916.
Annual Meeting of Society:
January (le 19i1.6,.3:30 Pe Me
Hotel Waldorf-Astoria.
Meetings, Board of Managers:
Annual Meeting. Park Meeting.
January 18, 1916, 3 P. M. June t, 19N6,230Se Me
Down Town Association. Preceded by Luncheon at 1:30 P. M.
Annual Dinner.
February 10, 1916, 8:00 P. M.
Courtesy of F. A. Schermer-
horn, Esq.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 55
Meetings, Executive Committee:
January 13 May 11
February 10 June 8
March 9 October 12
April 13 November 9
December 14
Members’ Reception at Aquarium.
May aC -19ii6.-8:30 PM.
Ladies’ Day at Zoological Park.
May a 1976-3. Pe Me.
Members’ Day at Zoological Park.
June’ i 1916523) Pe Mie
BOARD OF MANAGERS.
Elections.—At the Annual Meeting of the Society in Janu-
uary, 1915, the following Managers were elected:
Class of 1918.
Levi P. Morton, Frank K. Sturgis,
Andrew Carnegie, George J. Gould,
Madison Grant, Ogden Mills,
William White Niles, Lewis Rutherfurd Morris,
Samuel Thorne, Archer M. Huntington,
Henry A. C. Taylor, Henry M. Tilford.
Annual Dinner.—The Sixth Annual Dinner of the Board
of Managers was held through the courtesy of Mr. Ogden Mills,
at his residence, 2 Kast 69th Street, on Tuesday, February 9,
1915. A short address was made by Mr. Madison Grant, and
Mr. Raymond L. Ditmars, Curator of Reptiles at the Zoologica!
Park, exhibited four reels of pictures of the life history of small
and interesting animals at the Park.
Spring Meeting.—The Spring Meeting of the Board of Man-
agers was held in the Administration Building of the Zoological
Park on -lhursday, dune o, 1915. at..3 73020 clock) EM. A
luncheon in the Rocking Stone Restaurant at the Park was
served at 2 o’clock.
56 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
PHEASANT MONOGRAPH.
The manuscript and illustrations are practically complete
for the entire series of four volumes of the Pheasant Monograph,
and the printing of the first volume by Witherby & Company
of London, England, has been authorized and is now under way.
The delay in the publication of this great work has been due
entirely to industrial disturbances abroad caused by the war.
BRONX PARKWAY COMMISSION.
The Bronx Parkway Commission has proceeded actively
with the work of acquiring the land necessary by private pur-
chase, and at the end of the year had obtained more than one-
half. Condemnation proceedings to acquire the balance will be
instituted by the Commission during 1916.
The entire possession of the lands from the Botanical Gar-
dens to Kensico Dam will be secured by the Commission during
the year, and work will be begun on the final construction of the
Parkway.
GAME PROTECTION.
Dr. Hornaday was granted a leave of absence for two
months from August 25, to tour the West in a campaign to en-
courage the policy of establishing game refuges in our National
Parks. The expenses of this tour were borne by the accumu-
lated income in Dr. Hornaday’s Permanent Wild Life Protection
Fund, and the results are set forth in two Wild Life Protection
Bulletins, No. 1 and No. 2.
Your committee are at present actively engaged in the sup-
port of the Chamberlain-Hayden Bill now before the Congress
of the United States, looking to the establishment of perpetual
sanctuaries for animals and birds in areas in the National For-
ests to be selected by the Secretary of Agriculture from lands
unsuitable for agriculture or grazing. The policy of establish-
ing game sanctuaries in National Forests has been approved by
your committee as well as the members of the Society at the
Annual Meetings, held in January, 1915 and 1916. If the bill
mentioned above is adopted it will prove a most wonderful step
forward in the federal protection and increase of wild life.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 57
TROPICAL RESEARCH STATION.
The most important action taken by your committee during
the year has been the establishment of a Tropical Research Sta-
tion at Georgetown, British Guiana, for the prosecution of
scientific work in the general problems of evolution and in the
life histories of birds and mammals, and also to provide a trop-
ical base for collecting and shipping to the Park and the Aqua-
rium a constant supply of mammals, reptiles, amphibians and
fishes. This matter was first brought to the attention of the
Executive Committee by Mr. C. William Beebe, Curator of Birds
at the Zoological Park. After a careful investigation by a sub-
committee appointed for that purpose, the station was author-
ized. It is estimated that $5,000 will be necessary for its estab-
lishment and maintenance during the year 1916. The funds
for this purpose were received from the following members of
the Board of Managers, who have each contributed $1,000:
Cleveland H. Dodge, C. Ledyard Blair,
Mortimer L. Schiff James J. Hill,
George J. Gould.
This station is to be known as the Tropical Research Station
of the New York Zoological Society, and is to be in charge of
Mr. Beebe, who will be known as Directing Curator, subject to
the orders of your committee. The following officers have also
been appointed: Messrs. G. Innes Hartley, Research Associate ;
Paul Howes, Research Assistant and Donald Carter, Collector.
Messrs. Hartley and Howes, both trained scientists and collect-
ors, are giving their services free. Arrangements also have been
made with the Trinidad Shipping Company for the free trans-
portation of collections, and with the government of British
Guiana for the free use of buildings and facilities in the Botani-
cal Gardens at Georgetown.
This is a great step forward in the scientific branch of the
Society’s work. It is interesting to note that nothing of the kind
has been previously attempted by a zoological society.
The funds at present available are only sufficient for 1916,
and the continued existence of this station will depend upon the
results achieved during that year.
GALLERY OF OIL PAINTINGS.
Provision for the next five years for the Gallery of Oil
Paintings of American Wild Game has been made. The amount
58 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
of $5,000 a year for five years will probably cover the cost of the
full-sized portraits of all the important large game animals of
North America, together with such of the smaller birds and
animals as are threatened with immediate extermination.
The committee in charge consists of Messrs. Frank K. Stur-
gis, Chairman; Lewis Rutherfurd Morris, Watson B. Dickerman
and William T. Hornaday.
The Gallery has received from Mrs. Frederick Ferris
Thompson a gift of great interest and value, viz, the Lioness
Portrait by Rosa Bonheur. It has been hung over the fireplace
in the Ladies’ Reception Room of the Administration Building.
A full-sized picture of the Alaska Moose, at a cost of $1,500;
a portrait of Dinah, the gorilla, at a cost of $300, and the “Grant
Caribou,” at a cost of $1,250, all by Mr. Carl Rungius, have been
completed during 1915, and are now on exhibition in the Admin-
istration Building. The next picture by Mr. Rungius will be
the “White Fronted Musk-Ox,” also at a cost of $1,250.
Subscriptions of $250 for 1915 to the fund for the Gallery
of Oil Paintings have been received from the following:
Frank K. Sturgis, Lispenard Stewart, Percy R. Pyne, Mor-
timer L. Schiff, Joseph A. McAleenan, James J. Hill, Frederick
G. Bourne, F. Augustus Schermerhorn, George F. Baker, Edward
S. Harkness, C. Ledyard Blair, Grant B. Schley, Ogden Mills,
Andrew Carnegie, Cleveland H. Dodge, Watson B. Dickerman,
Henry M. Tilford, George J. Gould, Samuel Thorne, Charles F.
Dieterich.
Nine of the above subscribers have signified their willing-
ness to renew their subscriptions for subsequent years, and your
committee feel that under normal conditions they confidently can
rely upon the balance.
CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE ABUSE OF PARKS.
On May 1, 1915, Mayor Mitchel, Police Commissioner Woods
and the Park Commissioners began a general and very deter-
mined campaign against all persons who persist in abusing pub-
lic parks by throwing rubbish in them. This is the first general
effort of the kind that has ever been made in the city, and became
necessary because to the lawless and disorderly portion of park
visitors, appeals and admonitions had ceased to have any effect.
It was decided by the Mayor and formally set forth in a proc-
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 59
lamation, that hereafter arrest and punishment in court would
be the penalty to offenders. To this end the City Magistrates
were called upon to co-operate by inflicting maximum fines.
After fair warning in the newspapers, and on hundreds of
new notices posted in the parks (nearly ail euppited by the Zoo-
logical Park), the campaign began.
Police Commissioner Woods reported that on Sunday, the
9th of May, 1915 persons were admonished for rubbish throw-
ing, 312 were served with summonses to appear in court, and
169 were arrested. Of these, 380 offenders were convicted and
fined, only 28 were discharged and 73 cases were pending when
the report was compiled.
On the next Sunday, May 16, 430 offenders were admon-
ished, 40 summonses were served, 3 arrests were made, 34 con-
victions were secured, 5 were discharged and 4 cases were pend-
ing. Courts were held on both the Sundays mentioned, and on
May 11, Chief Magistrate McAdoo sat in the court of the 8th
District at West Farms. The Director of the Zoological Park
sat three times with Judges McAdoo, Cornell and House during
the disposal of about 110 cases.
The effect of this crusade in the Zoological Park has been
strikingly apparent, and as a result on Monday mornings the
cleanliness of the walks, even after Sunday crowds of from
35,000 to 40,000 persons, is remarkable.
UNITED STATES ATLANTIC FLERT.
During the visit of the United States Atlantic Fleet to the
City of New York your committee extended to the officers the
freedom of the Park and of the Aquarium, and the privileges
of the Administration Building in the Park. Instructions were
also given to admit free all sailors in uniform. Many availed
themselves of this privilege.
AUDITING.
Upon the authorization of your committee, the auditors,
Messrs. Marwick, Mitchell, Peat & Company, made another ex-
amination of the system of receiving supplies at the Park during
the year 1915, and reported thereon with certain recommenda-
tions which have been adopted.
60 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
They are at present making the usual audit of the finances
of the Society for the year, which is being greatly facilitated by
the new system of checking the accounts quarterly. Their report
as well as that of the Auditing Committee will immediately fol-
low the report of the Treasurer.
RETIREMENT OF MARTIN SCHENCK.
With the abolishment of the position of Chief Engineer of
the Park Department in the Borough of the Bronx, the Society
loses a friend who has been most helpful in promoting the inter-
ests of the Zoological Park. Mr. Martin Schenck has acted in
this capacity during the entire period of the construction and
existence. of the Park, and your committee have always found
in him an efficient, faithful and devoted public official, and
greatly appreciate his long services to the Society and to the
public.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
The relations with all departments and officials of the City’s
covernment, and especially with the Park Department, have con-
tinued to be most cordial, and your committee are greatly in-
debted to these officials, as well as the members of the Board
of Estimate and Apportionment, for their support and co-opera-
tion during the past year.
The Directors of the Park and the Aquarium, and their re-
spective staffs, have been most zealous and energetic in the
performance of their duties, and the Society enters upon this
new year with the assurance of an ever-increasing sphere of
activity and usefulness.
Respectfully submitted,
MADISON GRANT, Chairman.
PERGY, hs PYNE; FRANK K. STURGIS,
WILLIAM WHITE NILES, LISPENARD STEWART,
WM. PIERSON HAMILTON, WATSON B. DICKERMAN,
HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN,
Ex-Officio.
Extract from the Minutes
nf the
Exerutive Canmitter of the Doard of Managers
of the New Work Zonlogical Society
®rtnher 14, 1915
on the occasion of the
Death of Sanuwl Choarner
Resolved, ‘Yhat the Executive Committee place on the record
their deep sense of loss in the death of Mr. Samuel ‘Thorne, on
July 4, 1915.
Mr. Thorne was one of the very earliest Patrons of the Society,
having qualified in July, 1897, and subsequently became, through his
munificent subscriptions, a Founder and a Benefactor. He was also
one of the early members of the Executive Committee, and a most
faithful and helpful attendant at the many meetings when the plan-
ning and constructive work of the Zoological Park were under way.
At the time of his death he was Vice-President of the Society.
Mr. Thorne’s singularly agreeable personality endeared him to
his associates, and his tact and consideration towards others added
to his natural force of character in the impress he made on the
achievements of the Society.
To the Society his loss will be great, and to his friends on the
Committee there remains the last sad duty of placing this record
of his services on the minutes.
AGUNOG AUVMG GNV AUVGHWOUG
REPORT OF Tar
DIRECTOR OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK
TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS
O the Zoological Park and its visitors the most important
event of the year was the successful crusade against the
throwing of waste paper and rubbish upon the walks and lawns.
For six exasperating years the officers of the Zoological
Park had been carrying on an unequal warfare against park
vandals, with brief periods of success and long periods of failure.
The trouble lay in the fact that during all that period our
campaigns were not backed up by the Mayor, the police depart-
ment or the courts, and with but rare exceptions similar fights
for public decency were not made in other parks. The lessons
inculeated in the Zoological Park were steadily lost through the
vicious immunity that the lawless element enjoyed elsewhere.
The laws covering the situation were ample. The root of
all the trouble lay in the two facts that the lawless ten per cent.
is impervious to all education and appeals to decency, and the
average judge on the bench then felt that the throwing of a
piece of waste paper was too trivial a matter to engage the
attention of a court. Often it happened that policemen who
arrested rubbish-throwers heard the verdict “discharged,” and
a judicial reprimand addressed to themselves. Naturally, such
treatment had the effect of paralyzing the efforts of park police-
men.
For at least four years it had been perfectly evident that
the Zoological Park alone and unaided could not hold its own
against the park vandals, and maintain a state of satisfactory
cleanliness. Mayor Gaynor was appealed to with an urgent
request to start the movement which alone would afford a
remedy; but those appeals achieved no results.
The incoming of Mayor Mitchel was regarded as an oppor-
tunity to carry into effect a sweeping reform. When the situa-
tion had been fully put before him he decided to take the
initiative, and set in motion the machinery that would yield
clean parks for Greater New York. It was decided that the
reform movement should be started on May 1, 1915.
64 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
The Mayor decided to issue a letter that was equivalent to a
proclamation, and also an order. Both were duly set forth in
the press, and the latter was posted thoroughly throughout all
the city parks.
The Mayor called upon the Police Commissioner, the Park
Commissioners and the City Magistrates to enter the campaign,
and devote to it their best efforts. Accordingly, each one of
those departments took up the matter very seriously. Chief
Magistrate William McAdoo issued to all city magistrates a
letter that was literally a call to arms for the stern suppression
of vandalism in parks. The Zoological Society printed on linen
and distributed several hundred park posters of three kinds,
giving the ‘“‘Law Against Disorder in Parks,” the “Order of the
Mayor,” and “Peanuts Forbidden in Parks.”
One of the finest things done by Police Commissioner Wood
was to detail detectives in plain clothes to mingle with the
crowds in the parks, and arrest rubbish-throwers. The effect of
this was paralyzing to the vandals who had been accustomed to
watch for the uniformed policemen and evade them.
Up to April 30 the vandals were in the saddle. The sneaks
who sit on comfortable benches and slyly throw rubbish under
or behind them, were enjoying life to the utmost. The thou-
sands of sneaks who slyly strew peanut shells on the walks and
grass borders were buying peanuts with great diligence, and
the nine peanut stands near the three busy entrances of the
Zoological Park were doing a thriving trade. Every Monday
morning the peanut shells and waste paper in the Zoological
Park was a sickening sight, and there were other parks which
we will not name which were quite as badly disfigured.
On May 1 the warfare began, in all the parks. The orders
were to enforce the law, and show the grown men and large
boys no mercy. Women who proved incorrigible in rubbish-
throwing were also to be arrested.
Chief Magistrate McAdoo opened the ball by holding Sun-
day sessions of the courts that try park ordinance violations in
the Borough of the Bronx, and he sat on the bench in the West
Farms Court on Sunday, May 9. Monday, May 10, was a day
that will be long remembered by the park vandals of the Bronx.
The Court of Magistrate House (6th District) was crowded to
the doors with offenders and their accusers. On that day 126
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 65
cases were disposed of, and exemplary punishment was the well-
nigh universal rule. Only two or three offenders were let off
unfined.
Park policemen who for years had been flouted by the van-
dals were in their glory. It appeared that one of the worst
plague spots in the Bronx for vandalism was St. Mary’s Park,
where until that time the police had been powerless to get results
for law and order. One officer who had often been bluffed by im-
pudent women as well as men served eight summonses in one
day, and had the satisfaction of seeing eight fines imposed. A
great change has come over St. Mary’s Park since May 1, 1915.
Every City Magistrate, so far as known, took an active
part in the crusade. The stern admonitions delivered from the
bench by Magistrates McAdoo, Crane and Cornell, were good
to hear.
The effect of this reform movement as shown in the Zoologi-
cal Park was satisfactory beyond words. By June 1 our Park
was on each week day as free from rubbish as the best-kept
“nay” Zoological Gardens of EKurope—which is saying much!
Even on a Monday morning, instead of wagonloads of waste
paper and miles of peanut shells, one could walk from the Ford-
ham entrance to the West Farms entrance without finding
enough waste paper to fill a small waste basket. The disappear-
ance of the curse of peanut shells was the most delightful feature
of all, because they had been much harder to cope with than the
waste paper. The completeness of their elimination is almost
unbelievable until seen.
To-day the cleanliness of our walks and walk borders is a
constant joy. One can walk through our grounds without feel-
ings of rage and mortification. We owe all this new condition
to Mayor Mitchel, Police Commissioner Wood, and the City
Magistrates, particularly Judges McAdoo, Crane, House and
Cornell.
Hereafter, the policy that produced this reform should most
sternly and diligently be continued. The only way to keep the
lawless element down is to deal with it diligently, persistently
and severely. Remonstrances addressed to swine with human
bodies are of no avail. We have tried every form of remon-
stranee and appeal, and the lawless ten per cent. laugh us to
scorn. They must be made to feel the stern grip of the law, and
upon them leniency is wasted.
66 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
ATTENDANCE.
The monthly record of attendance for 1913, 1914 and 1915
is as follows:
1915 1914 1913
JANUA Tyee ee eee nae 80,606 56,268 88,195
HMepruary: sete eee 123,466 DiecoD 75,895
IM Clare Sree ste 105,286 TT CPART 127,448
SI eee ee ee ae 142,497 82, tot 128,828
a Vomet ee ee ee eee 245,483 394,154 262,474
June te eee POO OES 220,406 297,719
eR Utl Az cashes Ash Meee Re A 233,790 277,901 233,961
AUOUSH 7 oe ee ee eS 249,072 242,672
Sepvembers. =) Do 67 204,206 Li Sian
Octobert. === A NG 210 150,872 136,800
November) = 522s... 98,366 107,922 104,950
December 45,493 43,009 73,370
otal awe: 1,780,077 2,020,433 1,943,683
DEPARTMENT OF MAMMALS.
W. T. Hornaday, Curator; Raymond L. Ditmars, Assistant Curator.
The year 1915 may well be marked as the beginning of
important losses, in the mammal collection through old age. It
was also marked by three tragic occurrences which involved in
each case the loss of a Park celebrity.
Our unrivalled Barbary lion, Sultan, eighteen years of age,
acquired on October 17, 1902, and thirteen years in the Zoologi-
cal Park, finally became so aged and infirm that life was no
longer agreeable to him. In order to save him from lingering
long and painfully, he was chloroformed.
Our Alaskan brown bear, Billy, born and brought to the
Park in 1899, met with a serious accident. Through a bad fall
his pelvis was so badly shattered, at the hip joint, that he in-
stantly became painfully crippled, and there was no possibility
of effecting a cure or even giving him relief through an opera-
tion. When it became apparent that nothing could be done
for him, and that life was a painful burden, the animal was
painlessly shot.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 67
The Indian elephant developed quite early in the year his
annual fit of “‘musth,’” and while we had hoped that it might
be less severe than usual, it proved to be more so. His bad
temper was so pronounced and dangerous, and his rage at his
keepers so constant, it became evident that at last old Gunda
was suffering from the confinement that was necessary to keep
him even measurably under control. Accordingly the Director
advised the Executive Committee of these facts, and recom-
mended that the life of the animal be terminated without delay.
The Committee accepted the recommendation, and ordered that
it be carried into effect.
Mr. C. E. Akeley, the successful and famous hunter and
collector of elephants in Africa, was asked to kill Gunda, by
shooting, and accepted that painful task. On June 21, a single
bullet from a .26 caliber elephant rifle traversed the brain of
the great animal, produced instantaneous paralysis of the brain
and the whole nervous system, and was as painless as chloro-
form at its best. The skin and skeleton were presented to the
American Museum of Natural History, and were prepared for
mounting.
The female gorilla, Dinah, died on July 31 of loss of ap-
petite and malnutrition, after having been over eleven months
on exhibition in the Zoological Park, and about two years after
she was acquired by the Society’s agent in Africa, Mr. Garner.
She was entirely free from tuberculosis, and although her in-
ternal orgars seemed to be sound and healthy, her appetite
utterly faited to sustain her.
Among other mammal losses during the year were a harte-
beest, a musk-ox, the pygmy African elephant, and two aged
bison. Aside frcm the losses due directly to accidents, infirm-
ities of temper and old age, the death toll during the year was
by no means great. Fortunately there were no epidemics. The
pygmy elephant, Congo, had become hopelessly afflicted with
neuritis, and after having lived in the Park since July, 1905,
he was destroyed on November 3, 1915.
The foreign wild animal market has been seriously injured
by the war, but thanks to our connection with G. Tyrwhitt-
Drake, Esq., the owner of a large and excellent private men-
agerie at Maidstone, England, we have received during 1915
some excellent accessions. Our single-humped camel, from Mr.
_Drake’s collection, is a particularly fine and handsome animal,
‘yIOK MON ‘YAVq [BOISo[OoZ oy} UL UoZBuryseM JO UOIyNFIASUT arseured ayy Aq pol[eysul snzesedde Jo zoquieyo-are at{} OFUL 9S10}.10} JuBIs E44 SUltoMo'T
LOIGUNad “) SIONVUd Ud AO NOILOWYIG AHL YHaNN ‘WSITIOAVLAW AO AGNLS AHL YO SALVAVddV
+ + - e a
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 69
and the young lioness, a gift of the Junior Auxiliary of the
Zoological Society, and also from Mr. Drake, is strikingly hand-
some and desirable.
In a short time steps must be taken to establish between
New York and South Africa a direct and continuous line of
imports. It is now imperatively necessary for all managers of
zoological parks and gardens to take the steps that are necessary
to insure the future adequate supplies of old world animals com-
ing through channels entirely new.
The more noteworthy purchases of mammals during the
year 1915 were a chimpanzee, orang-utan, gray gibbon, yellow
baboon, saki monkey, 2 howling monkeys, 9 beavers, great ant-
eater, 2 Hoffman sloths, 4 American wapiti, 1 Dybowsky deer,
1 mouse deer, 2 lynx, 2 marten and 2 fisher. From G. Tyrwhitt-
Drake, of Cobtree Manor, Maidstone, England, were purchased
a lioness, Scotch wildeat, black-backed jackal, dromedary,
guanaco, reed-buck and a vulpine phalanger. The animals re-
ceived from Mr. Drake were the only mammals that came from
Europe during the past year.
Among the more important gifts were a series of monkeys
and small carnivorous mammals, from the Collins-Day South
American Expedition, 1 female Virginia deer, 1 Mexican deer
and 2 ocelots.
From the Society’s expedition to Para, in charge of Curator
Beebe, the following mammals were obtained: 2 black spider
monkeys, 1 white-faced sapajou, 4 hooded sapajous, 4 weeper
sapajous, 2 black tamarins, 2 squirrel monkeys, 1 Humboldt’s
woolly monkey, 2 red coati-mundis, 2 crab eating raccoons, 2
Brazilian wild dogs, 2 banded ocelots, 1 grison, 1 tayra, 3 kinka-
jous, 2 armadillos, 3 banded opossums, 1 sharp-nosed opossum,
3 red agoutis, 1 paca, 4 Brazilian squirrels and 1 Brannick’s giant
rat. The last-named animal is particularly rare and interesting.
BIRTHS DURING 1915.
The births during 1915 represent the usual number of valu-
able animals. The list of the most important species is as follows:
8 Virginia Deer 3 Hog Deer
9 American Wapiti eek:
5 Axis Deer 1 Persian Ibex
3 Fallow Deer 4 Himalayan Tahr
70 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
1 Sika Deer 1 Donkey
1 Malay Sambar Deer 9 Raccoon Dogs
1 Barasingha Deer 4 Raccoons
1 Altai Wapiti 4 Beavers
1 American Bison 2 Grizzly Bears
3 Aoudad 2 Kadiak Bears
1 Black Lemur
The following animals were sold during 1915: 4 wolves,
2 Sika deer, 1 Sambar deer, 7 red deer, 3 American wapiti, 1
fallow deer, 1 hcg deer and 2 axis deer.
The following mammals were destroyed, chiefly on account
of old age, during 1915: 2 male bison, 4 elk, 1 sitatunga, 1 Altai
wapiti and 1 white-bearded gnu.
With the opening of the public school term in the fall of
1915 the usual representative series of living mammals, birds
and reptiles was furnished by the Zoological Society to the
zoological study room of the Washington Irving High School.
The series of animals there exhibited during the school year is
always cared for at the Park during the summer season.
The complete census of the mammals at the close of 1915
is as follows:
(Osborn’s Classification)
Species Specimens
iMarsuplalia. 20 22 ae. 5 10 °
HMgentataies <1. eerie te ee cee 2 4
CaRnivondves = ae shan eee 48 slays
Enmnipe diame. nase oe enka 2 5
Rodentia eres ee 42, 134
PEIMaACES oe th es ee ee 29 79
Artiodactyla (Even-toed Un-
PUTAGES))) = Meee ere, ae nse ee 67 260
Perissodactyla (Odd-toed Un-
PUNAGES a ee ee we Rae 13 23
PEGWOSCIGCa se Hee ate eee 2 3
Hyracoidea:. 2. 22> Rtn eae if 1
oberon St oe Fhe 211 636
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT (il
REPORT OF THE VETERINARIAN.
By W. Reid Blair, D. V. S.
There has been no epidemic of any character among the
mammal collection during the past year; however, a muck. larger
number of animals have been received in a moribund condition,
and this has resulted in increasing an otherwise low death-rate
for the year.
Among the important losses were the gorilla, the Indian
elephant Gunda, the African elephant Congo, and a male orang.
The gorilla Dinah died in July, after having been on exhibition
about a year, from malnutrition and exhaustion. Perhaps no
animal created so much interest among medical men as Dinah,
who had been examined by scores of physicians. At no time
during her illness did she exhibit signs of any acute affection.
During the year she was subjected to the tuberculin test on
three occasions, and in each instance the test was negative. The
only definite symptoms exhibited were those of cage paralysis,
and she showed great improvement for several months as the
result of the administration of extracts of thyroid and thymus
glands; tonics of arsenic, strychnin and iron, and being kept
out-of-doors for a number of hours each day. The autopsy
revealed no evidences of acute disease, except emaciation of the
muscular tissue and changes in the bony structure similar to
those seen in the early stages of osteomalacia or ‘“‘cage paralysis.”
The pygmy elephant Congo was destroyed in October, since
it was apparent that he could never again be exhibited on ac-
count of the deformities of the joints which had produced a
permanent lameness. Congo had for years suffered from
chronic rheumatism, affecting the tendons and joints, but at
various times seemed to be free from this trouble. In the past
two years, during the summer months, he had been taken
out of the Elephant House and placed in the southerly portion
of the elk range where there is a small pond. The soft ground
and mud, and out-door life greatly improved his condition, but
soon after removal to his winter quarters, early in September,
he showed evidences of severe inflammatory affection of the
joints, with so much pain that it was decided that he should be
humanely destroyed.
The orang died as a result of a heart thrombus, after ex-
hibiting symptoms of heart affection for three weeks. The
autopsy showed an unusually large thrombus.
~
SS)
NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Toxic Gastro-Enteritis.—A form of infectious toxic gastro-
enteritis, occurring principally among the carnivores, particu-
larly the bears, and the smaller carnivores in the small mammal
collection, has been very troublesome for several years, and
especially so during the past year. The disease is infectious,
but not highly contagious. In some respects it resembles dis-
temper, but differs essentially from this disease in that it is
not readily conveyed by direct contact. The mortality is very
high, over 90 per cent. The disease is transmitted by direct
contact, or by the intermediation of excrement vomit, infected
bedding and various diseased food products. Since this disease
may be confounded with ptomaine or meat poisoning, uraemic
poisoning, distemper, or the presence of foreign bodies in the
stomach, I deem it wise to describe the affection somewhat in
detail.
The disease generally appears in an acute form, the ma-
jority of cases running their course within from one to four
days. The affected animal is suddenly seized with an unac-
countable vomiting, or has passed blood by bowel, although
two or three hours before this, the animal was apparently nor-
mal and had partaken of food as usual. Many cases have
occurred, among ocelots and South American cats, where the
animal appeared perfectly well at night, but upon the keeper’s
arrival in the morning it was found vomiting or passing bloody
stools, and in a dazed state, unwilling to move, and persistently
assuming, in an unconscious manner, the recumbent position.
The ears, mouth and limbs are very cold, and a dirty saliva
issues from the mouth.
In some cases violent and repeated vomiting appears early.
This vomiting is generally the first symptom to attract the at-
tention of the keeper that something is wrong with the animal.
Thirst is intense, but as soon as water is taken it is almost im-
mediately rejected. The vomit at first contains particles of
food, or it may consist of the whole of the meal taken a short
time before. This is followed by the rejection of a glairy, mucoid
material containing air-bubbles and water. A short time after-
wards the vomited material becomes of a greenish tint, due to
the presence of bile; and, finally is followed by a fluid more or
less thick consistency, of a bloody chocolate or coffee colored
appearance, and having a characteristic and very nauseous odor.
In many cases these symptoms are accompanied by a profuse
diarrhea, which may be bloody in appearance, and very often
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 73
of a putrid odor. The temperature is normal or subnormal,
rarely elevated, except in the very early stages of the affection.
The respiration is not much disturbed, except immediately be-
fore and after the act of vomiting, when it is generally rapid.
The abdomen is hard and drawn or tucked up, and on pressure
over the region of the stomach, pain is generally evinced by
groaning and great resistance on the part of the animal, which
often vomits immediately after this manipulation. When the
animal is made to move, it does so with great reluctance, shows
great muscular weakness, arches the back and has a tottering,
feeble gait, and again quickly assumes the recumbent position.
When the disease is fairly developed, the facial expression
is anxious or haggard, the eyeballs are drawn back into their
orbits, the pupils are dilated and the eyes expressionless. The
urine is scant, of a high specific gravity, dark in color, and
emits a very strong odor. Although nervous disturbance is
not a pronounced characteristic of this disease, convulsions, re-
sembling distemper convulsions, and coma have been seen in
fatal cases.
While the mortality is very high we have, however, had
recovery take place in a polar bear, sloth bear, sun bear,
ocelots, a clouded leopard and in a puma. While there is
absolute loss of appetite, we have taken advantage of the insati-
able thirst, and in this way have been able to administer anti-
septic remedies such as copper arsenate, quinine salicylate, hy-
drochloric acid, salol, subgallate of bismuth, and morphine sul-
phate in cod-liver oil, and in milk and brandy. In the cases
of the polar bear, and sloth bear, the early administration of
cod-liver oil doubtless saved the lives of both of these animals,
which were taken ill on the same day. The polar bear took
thirty-four ounces of cod-liver oil at one dose. Animals will
often retain carbonated water and milk when other liquids will
be expelled. In these cases it is important to cut off the supply
of water from the animal in order that medicines may be ad-
ministered. The indications for treatment are to give the
stomach as much rest as possible, and the food must consist of
white of eggs, milk and fresh beef juice given in small quantities
at intervals of three or four hours. After two or three days
of this diet, scraped raw beef may be added to the milk and
the white of eggs, but only in very small quantities, say a table-
spoonful at a time. As the body temperature is greatly re-
74 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
duced care should be taken to supply some artificial heat, and
this can be done when the animal is small by placing the cage
over or against a heater.
The unfavorable signs of this disease are continual vomit-
ing, especially if the vomited material has a coffee-like cr prune
juice appearance, or a putrid odor, and when the animal reaches
a comatose stage. If symptoms of pneumonia become manifest,
a fatal termination is to be expected.
The favorable signs to be looked for are, the cessation of
vomiting, the animal beginning to notice its surroundings, the
desire for food and the inclination to move about its cage.
The post-mortem appearances of infectious toxic gastro-
enteritis are fairly constant, and it is often only by such ex-
amination that a differential diagonsis is made.
In many instances when death takes place early the lesions
indicate an acute hemorrhagic septicemia. The stomach and
small intestine often contain a more or less thick, dark red or
purple fluid, containing blood, mucus and bile, and resembling
in appearance tar or prune juice. On washing or scraping the
stomach, the purple color does not disappear. The mucous sur-
face of the stomach is thrown up in rugae or folds, which ap-
pear thick and swollen, often showing abrasions. In some in-
stances the gastric mucosa is soft, black in color, and appears
as a vast sheet of clotted blood. The lesions in the small intes-
tines are generally confined to the duodenum, the walls of which
are of an intense purplish color.
With the exception of the lungs, spleen and kidneys, which
are generally more or less congested, the abdominal organs
rarely show any gross changes.
Among the animals destroyed on account of general
debility as a result of old age were—three buffaloes, four elk,
lion Sultan, bearded gnu, and several antelopes.
During the coming year, it is hoped that we shall be able
to replace some of our African antelopes, many of which will die
or will have to be destroyed on account of debility associated
with old age.
When an animal is a rare specimen it is often difficult to
decide just when it has reached such a state of debility as to
justify its removal from exhibition, or merciful destruction.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 715
The new Animal Hospital which has been under construc-
tion during the summer should be completed and ready for use
during the early part of February. This hospital will afford the
best facilities for the observation and care of injured or sick
animals, and, at the same time, by the prompt removal of all
suspicious cases of illness from exhibition, will protect the
healthy specimens from the danger of contracting infectious
diseases.
The isolation of the hospital will permit of the successful
treatment of distemper among the carnivores, and of other con-
tagious diseases without fear of an epidemic occurring among
our collection.
Of the deaths occurring among the mammals, they were
divided as follows:
Premates! osc ee. Seen ee ane oe 15
CATNIV OES. We foes es! ai eee 44
UG CCA a ex er rier ee ee suf
OD OSCIOIANS 2s et he ee ee
TUOGSTU Star eee ied ets OMe 45
VEST NA IS 2 Seis wate ads ees! Soe 10
WGemtaAtes: 2 ee 9
MRO Gall: fe ee 222,
DEPARTMENT OF BIRDS.
C. William Beebe, Curator; Lee S. Crandall, Assistant Curator;
Samuel Stacey, Head Keeper.
In spite of the continued demoralized condition of the Euro-
pean animal market, the bird collections have been able to hold
their own during the past year. The first few months of the
war so completely checked the sources of supply on which we
were dependent that the effect on the collection was at once no-
ticeable. Since then, however, we have developed other means
of obtaining specimens, particularly from South America, and
we expect to be able to maintain our present position until nor-
mal conditions again prevail.
Early in the summer, the Curator, accompanied by Mr. G.
Inness Hartley and Keeper Herbert Atkin, visited the Zoological
Gardens of Para, Brazil, and there secured a large collection of
Brazilian mammals, birds and reptiles. Sixty-two birds of forty-
three species, of which fifteen were new to us, were included.
‘quoded o[eul §}1 Aq poived A[[NJssooons puv GI6, UL peyo}eY BseM NW SuUNOA oy,
NWA ONNOA
+.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT fle
The most important specimens were: A harpy eagle (Thrasaétus
harpyia), hyacinthine macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus),
three species of trumpeters (Psophia), several species of guans
(Penelope) and three forms of great caciques (Ostinops and
Gymnostinops), besides a considerable number of parrots, par-
rakeets and other birds.
Mr. Charles C. Worthington, of Shawnee-on-Delaware, Pa.,
having decided to dispose of his large collection of native and
foreign birds, kindly presented them to the Zoological Society.
Packing and transportation were supervised by the Assistant
Curator, and the collection was brought to the Park by motor
truck, without loss. Through this gift we secured 147 well-
acclimatized birds representing fifty-nine species.
Late in the autumn of 1915, a few birds of paradise, chiefly
from the island of Waigiu, northwest of New Guinea, were
received in London. After a great deal of delay and difficulty,
two pairs of these birds finally reached the Zoological Park. They
are the red bird of paradise (Uranornis rubra) and the Wilson
bird of -paradise (Schlegelia wilsoni). The former is a large,
showy bird, the adult male being ornamented with long, red
plumes. This specimen should acquire these decorations after
next summer’s molt. The Wilson is a very small species, not
much larger than a thrush, but exceedingly brilliant in plumage.
It never had been represented in European collections until the
present shipment was received. As we were fortunate enough
to secure two greater birds of paradise (Paradisea apoda),
which were brought over from London by Mr. G. Tyrwhitt-
Drake, we now are able to exhibit three species of these gorgeous
birds:
A handsome pair of the arctic horned owl (Bubo virginianus
subarcticus), a nearly white form, was secured from a collector
in Manitoba. The-pale plumage of this bird forms a striking
contrast to the tawny hue of southern birds in adjoining cages.
During the summer, unusual efforts were made to breed
various birds, and very satisfactory results were obtained. The
most interesting youngster is an emu (Dromiceius novae-hollan-
diae), the first to be reared in this country. A black-footed pen-
guin (Spheniscus demersus), was brought to full size, but it
died quite suddenly when apparently in the best of health. Eight
mourning doves (Zenaidura macroura carolinensis), four Aus-
tralian crested doves (Lophophaps lophotes), a pectoral rail
78 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
(Hypotaenidia philippinensis), two white ibises (Guara alba), a
white-eyed duck (Marila nyroca), besides a goodly number otf
wood, mandarin and mallard ducks and Canada geese, are among
the most important. Of Gallinaceous birds, we reared the Bob-
white (Colinus virginianus), the California quail (Lophortyx
californicus), the Curacao crested quail (Hupsychortyx crista-
tus), as well as golden, silver and Swinhoe pheasants. A num-
ber of Passerine birds also reached maturity, as reported in the
Bulletin.
For several years the birds in the Flying Cage have made
more or less sporadic attempts at nesting, but in the spring of
1915, their efforts crystallized in a colony which closely simu-
lated a natural rookery. A small elm tree in one corner of the
cage was chosen as a site, and was literally bowed down by the
great weight of the nests. At one time, two pairs of snowy
egrets (Hgretta candidissima), three pairs of roseate spoonbills
(Ajaja ajaja), two pairs of white ibises (Guara alba), and a
pair each of scarlet (G. rubra) and black-headed ibises (Ibis
melanocephala), were building or engaged in incubation. Un-
fortunately, a very severe wind and rain storm wrecked many
cf the nests and so disturbed the others that the rookery was
destroyed. However, two white ibises were fully reared, and
we have every reason to hope for better success during the com-
ing season.
As a complement to the active campaign work in behalf
of the birds, which is being carried on by the Zoological Society,
a permanent exhibit of ‘““Appliances for Attracting Birds’ was
arranged in the Park, during the spring of 1915. A well-for-
ested spot bordering the eastern side of Baird Court was selected
as being the most advantageously placed, and a great variety of
bird houses and boxes were set up there. Nesting logs and boxes
of many patterns, food counters and shelters of several kinds
and various other paraphernalia for aiding the increase of our
native birds, were placed in suitable positions. Visitors to the
Park have evinced a great deal of interest in the exhibit, and
many persons have thus been induced to purchase and make use
of such appliances as appealed to them.
Perhaps the most important contribution to ornithology
made by the Department of Birds was the discovery by the
Curator of an atavistic wing on the hind leg of pigeons and
other birds. This was elaborated as “A Tetrapteryx Stage in the
Ancestry of Birds,’ Zoologica, Vol. II, No. 2.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 79
Two other papers for Zoologica, relating to ecological field
work near Parad, were written, and will be published early in
1916.
Papers published during the year, relating to work in the
Department of Birds were as follows:
“Spiders Collected by C. William Beebe in Burma and Bor-
neo,” including Ten New Species (Petrunkovitch, Ann. Entom.
soc. Am. VII, p. 169).
“Two New Genera of Myrmiéine Ants from Brazil,” Ble-
pharidatta brasiliensis and Glamyromyrmex beebei. (Wheeler,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv., LIX, p. 483.)
“Relaticnship of the Tupaiidae and the Eocene Lemurs,
Especially Notharctus.” (Gregory, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. Vol.
24, pp. 247-252.)
By far the most vital undertaking inaugurated by this De-
partment is the planning of a Tropical Zoological Station in
Georgetown, British Guiana. ‘This is described elsewhere. In
brief, its purpose will be research in the life histories of various
groups of vertebrates and invertebrates, with special reference
to the more general problems of evolution. Curator Beebe will
be in charge, with Mr. Inness Hartley as Research Associate
and Mr. Paul Howes as Research Assistant. The second object
of the work will be the collecting and shipping to the Zoological
Park of interesting rare types of living vertebrates. Mr. Donald
Carter will be attached to the Station as collector. The party
will reach British Guiana about February 1, and will remain
in the field at least one year.
CENSUS OF BIRDS LIVING IN THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK.
January 1, 1916.
Orders Species. Specimens
Rheiformes, EC AG et etn ws oS on ee 1 2
Struthioniformes, Ostrich esi. ea ae ee 2 3
Casuariiformes, Cassowaries and Emus. 3 9
Tinamiformes, Tinamous 2 a es 5 8
Galliformes, Quail and Pheasants _. 70 168
Pteroclidiformes, Sand Grouse sa. eee tet 1 if
Columbiformes, Pigeons and Doves 46 132
Ralliformes, Coots and Gallinules ..... i, 19
THE SNAKE-KILLING MUSSURANA
ONE OF SOUTH AMERICA’S DEADLIEST REPTILES, THE JARARACA
This poisonous snake is one of the lance-heads (Lachesis) and locally known as the Jararacacu.
The Mussurana is immune to the bites of these vipers, and kills and swallows them.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 81
Sphenisciformes, Penguins .... ange 1 4
Lariformes, Gulls and Terns... 113) 43
Charadriiformes, Plovers and Sandpipers 10 19
Gruiformes, Cranes, Seriemas, etc. —.. 13 28
Ardeiformes, Ibises, Storks and Herons 38 88
Palamedeiformes, SChEAmMIOnG ees Sak 3 3
Phoenicopteriformes, Miamingoes 3.2.2...) 3 7
Anseriformes, Swans, Geese and Ducks 71 687
Pelecaniformes, Cormorants and Pelicans 9 23
Cathartidiformes, New World Vultures 7 18
Accipitriformes, Hawks and Eagles; Old
World Vultures = 22= 28 42
Strigiformes, Ow let ee eee 17 30
Psittaciformes, Parrots, Macaws and
Cockatoos va = 65 15a)
Coraciiformes, Kingfishers, Hornbills,
(Si 0 Cpe See Aa Mi eee Pee es ee 6 fé
Cuculiformes, Touracos and Cuckoos.. 5 5
Scansoriformes, Barbets and Toucans .._ 7 10
Piciformes, Woodpeckers =. =.= 5 i
Passeriformes, Thrushes, Sparrows and
all other Perching
ETUC Siete ok mare eet Bie 1253
813 Pie
Summary: Orders, 26; Species, 813; Specimens, 2,773.
DEPARTMENT OF REPTILES.
Raymond L. Ditmars, Curator; Chas. E. Snyder, Head Keeper.
It was only by persistent attention to sources in the United
States and tropical America that the reptile collection for the
past year was maintained at the uniformly high standard that
was set at the opening of the Park sixteen years ago. It means
much to explain that not one reptile or amphibian of Kuropean,
Asiatic, Malayan, African or Australian origin was added to
the collection during the past year. The war has rendered it
absolutely impossible to obtain Old World specimens.
However, the census of the collection of reptiles and am-
phibians for the past year compares very favorably with the
census of the close of 1914. One reason for this has been the
success of the Reptile House staff in maintaining the collection.
82 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
There were no deaths to speak of among the rare and costly
specimens, many of which are establishing interesting records
of longevity. The curator of the department is now at work
upon a table of these records, and similar records for the mam-
mals. In the past five years we have saved much money and
permanently strengthened the collection, by eliminating from
our purchases the greater number of representatives of species
that have been found to be delicate and short-lived in captivity.
Early in 1915 special efforts were made, in counteracting
the lack of Old World species, to obtain a very full series of
reptiles and amphibians from the southern states and the South-
west. A collector on the Pacific coast did particularly good
work in supplying us with lizards, snakes and different species
of toads. Two collectors in Texas sent on much interesting ma-
terial, and a large number of very satisfactory reptiles came
from Florida. The Curator and Keeper Palmer collected several
hundred specimens of the local reptiles in Sullivan County, New
York and Pike County, Penn.; those specimens representing
about twelve species.
Our South American accessions came from several sources.
Mr. R. R. Mole, of Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, who has steadily
supplied us with tropical American reptiles since the opening
of the Park, made special efforts to obtain a large series of
specimens. From him we obtained a number of species of par-
ticularly interesting frogs, toads and tree-toads that we have
never previously exhibited, and apparently have never anywhere
been exhibited alive before this. An expedition of the Society to
Para resulted in the addition of several interesting reptiles, and
near the close of the year, we received a particularly important
collection of South American poisonous snakes through the cour-
tesy of Dr. Vital Brazil, Director of the Institute of Serum-
Therapy, at Sao Paulo, Brazil.
The scientific work accomplished by the reptile department
during 1915, comprises a quite elaborate review of little-known
frogs and toads of the Old and New World by Richard Deckert
of the Reptile House staff. Mr. Deckert made careful studies
of a number of rare species on exhibition and for the first time
prepared colored illustrations of these species from life. He com-
bined his observation of habits with detailed descripitions of
species, in an article of over thirty pages, illustrated with color
plates, that appeared in a recent number of Zoologica, (Vol.
II, No. 1). Numerous Bulletin articles and notes concerning
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 83
the reptiles were prepared during the year, and the card index
system was increased in value by the addition of data relating
to longevity, growth and increase of weight.
The Curator has continued his motion picture studies of
reptiles at night, photographing many interesting traits by mer-
cury-vapor light. Among the results were moving picture films
of several species of tree toads when singing and enormously
distending the throat, the complete and previously unknown life
history of the marbled salamander, the emergence of five differ-
ent species of snakes from the eggs, and greatly magnified scenes
of the feeding habits of small reptiles and amphibians. Motion
picture studies of insects and their near allies resulted in scenes
of the stridulating species while “singing,” and magnified views
of development and transformations.
On October 26, 1915, Dr. Francis G. Benedict, Director of
the Nutrition Laboratory of Carnegie Institution of Washington,
began a series of very elaborate experiments at the Park, for the
study of the metabolism of mammals and reptiles. Dr. Benedict’s
laboratory apparatus was first set up in the tortoise room of the
Reptile House, and his researches will continue far into the year
1916.
Dr. Benedict thus describes, in precise terms, the character
of these experiments:
“In connection with the researches on human nutrition
carried out at the Nutrition Laboratory of the Carnegie Insti-
tution of Washington the necessity for a study of the funda-
mental laws governing heat production in the living organism
became apparent. Of the numerous factors influencing vital
activity, particularly as indicated by the oxidation of material
in the body and the accompanying production of heat, factors
such as body temperature and the relative proportion between
the active mass of protoplasmic tissue and inert body fat are
of greatest significance.
“Subsidiary questions, such as the nature of the integument,
the insulating character and density of fur and feathers are, as
yet, practically unknown. While the greatest proportion of the
researches in the Nutrition Laboratory are confined to observa-
tions on human subjects, the rich supply of material in the whole
range of zoology in the New York Zoological Park led to the
inception of a research designed to study the gaseous metabolism
of animals of widely varying species. An elaborate and deli-
84 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
cately tested respiration apparatus with numerous chambers for
varying sizes of reptiles has been installed in the Reptile House
of the Park, and daily observations under the technical direction
of Mr. Colbert Mason of the Nutrition Laboratory have been in
progress since October 28, 1915. Thus far the python, boa and
rattlesnake have been especially studied, and a most interesting
series of observations on the giant tortoise from the Galapagos
Islands completed.
“It is believed that the material is being collected upon such
a scale that, when it is deemed practicable to publish the results,
definite conclusions can be drawn. Reports of the work will be
published from time to time, as the collection of data justifies,
in the publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.”
CENSUS OF REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK.
January 1, 1916.
Species Specimens
Chelonta 2 See en ee 36 138
@rocodiliam cas te wet eee ee 6 54
WAC ently = ee cane ee ia 91
Ophidiags et. ee ees ail 235
7 eN1 0101) 01 4 OUI We Paes Orne Be Peers < WOE eta AT Dales
AP OG no oe ee iit eee ISK 791
SUMMARY OF COLLECTIONS.
A census of the animals in the Zoological Park, taken Janu-
ary 1, 1916, is as follows:
Species Specimens
MiaimmMmalsey ss) ee PALI 636
Birds; ses a os ate a areca 813 Zhe
ep Uilest atare. emer ee 110 518
Aim pi bias, see ee AT 273
MOA S, see en ee eee, ese 4,200
GROUND IMPROVEMENT AND MAINTENANCE WORK OF THE
DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND CONSTRUCTION.
Hermann W. Merkel, Chief Constructor and Forester;
E. H. Costain, Assistant Forester.
The first work to be started by the ground improvement
fund was the replacing of the poultry house at the Nursery, and
the erection of a brooder and incubator house, both of which
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 85
were needed very much. The house is a structure twelve by
eighty feet, containing approximately double this amount of
floor space. The building was planned by Mr. E. A. Costain, in
charge of the Nursery, and consists of a frame structure on a
concrete foundation, sufficiently high to permit a scratching place
for the full length and width of the building, situated under the
main floor. This space is connected with the main floor by a
simple runway in the form of a trap-door, which when pulled up
tightly closes the opening to prevent draft.
The whole building is so planned that there is no room for
rodents and other vermin, and the roosts, nesting boxes, and
front drop curtains, are all in keeping with the most up-to-date
practice. The building is occupied by 300 hens, and has so far
been very successful. The brooder and incubator structure is
a one-story frame building with a good concrete incubator cellar,
and was placed sufficiently remote from the other buildings to
remove any danger to them in case of fire. The brooders, ac-
commodating about 800 chicks, are heated by means of a small
hot-water heater and coils. The total cost of both structures
was $1,400.
Drinking Fountains.—Of these much needed conveniences
we placed during the year seven new ones, in the following loca-
tions: one north of the Aquatic Bird House, one interior of the
Lion House, one north of the Elephant House, one on Baird
Court north of the Primate House, one interior of the Antelope
House, one south of the Raccoon Cage, and one north of the Boat
House. After looking over all available fountains at a reason-
able price, we decided upon a white enamelled single jet fountain
with a foot pedal arrangement which starts and stops the flow of
water. They are solidly placed upon concrete foundations with
a drainage basin, and were connected with the sewer or walk
basin as occasion required. The two placed in the Antelope
House and Lion House are of special value during the winter
when the out-door fountains cannot be used. The total cost of
the fountains and setting amounted to $600.
Elephant Fence-——When it became apparent last year that
it would be necessary to strengthen and brace the elephant
fences, a simple but efficient reinforcing of 5-inch steel rails and
3-inch by 3-inch tee iron was designed, and the work carried
out early in the season. There were used on this work 400 feet
of 60-pound steel railroad iron, 1,500 cubic feet of concrete, 572
feet of 3-inch by 3-inch by 14-inch tee iron, 160 feet 3-inch by
SN 0} UMOUY SI S94ze}g pazlUs) ey} Ul SUIM} Ye JO YIAIG BY} Jo vdURYSUI JayJO BuO yng
MadVd TVOIDOTOOZ AHL NI NYOd ‘SNIML MT
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 87
14-inch flat iron, 100 feet 3-inch by *<-inch flat iron, all being fas-
tened together with ®°<-inch machine bolts. Several trials by
the elephants have conclusively proven that the fence is now
sufficiently strong to withstand any attacks. The cost of this im-
provement was $1,100.
Wild Fowl Pond.—The recurring epidemics among the birds
of the Wild Fowl] Pond have indicated for some time the neces-
sity of supplying a sanitary bottom, but the appropriation of
$3,000 for this purpose hung fire so long a time that it was not
possible to do more than the excavating of about 200 cubic yards
of soft mud, and the partial underpaving of about 60 per cent
of the area that is to be concreted. About 1,000 cubic yards of
fill and stone were used. As soon as the weather will permit
the work will be completed, and the muddy portion of the pond
will have a smooth, clean bottom of concrete.
New Animal Hospital.—The drain from the hospital was
connected with the main sewer by means of about 150 feet of
6-inch vitrified pipe.
IMPROVEMENT AND REPAIR FUND, 1915.
Walk Repairs.—The walk repairs was again the largest
item performed from this fund, there being resurfaced over
95,000 square feet of walks and roads, the main walks being:
Pheasant Aviary Walk, Mountain Sheep Walk, Beaver Valley
Walk, Service Road for its entire length with the exception of
a stretch of about 300 feet, Crotona Entrance Plaza and walk,
and the Boston Road Entrance Plaza. At the Concourse about
2,000 square feet of concrete sidewalk was laid, and a great deal
of the brick taken up and relaid upon a concrete foundation.
The total expenditure for walk repairs was $4,025.
Heating Repairs.—The heating repairs consisted of the in-
stallation of a new hot-water supply boiler and additional radia-
tion at the Administration Building, the installation of a steam
heating plant at the dwelling at Nursery, and the resetting of
two boilers at the Large Bird House, and one at the Rocking
Stone Restaurant. In addition to that a great many minor
repairs to pipes, valves, etc., were done, and a number of new
flues supplied. The expenditure for this work was $1,100.
Flying Cage.—Repairs to and recovering of the Flying Cage
which had been begun last fall, were carried on during the win-
ter and early spring whenever weather conditions permitted.
88 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
The sectional scaffold designed for this purpose by Mr. deWell-
worth worked very well, the entire repairing, recovering and
repainting being carried on economically and without the slight-
est mishap. This work was finished on April 13, 1915, several
weeks earlier than we anticipated. The total cost of this work
was $1,300.
Repairs on Pheasants’ Aviary.—At the Pheasant Aviary,
seventeen cages were taken down and entirely replaced. The only
portion of the cagework found in good condition was the wire
netting. The sheet iron partitions were so badly corroded that
it was not possible to leave any of them, while the framework
needed a great deal of replacing or scaling, and for that reason
the repairs exceeded the estimated cost, but as the framework
was erected after a new design which will enable us to protect
all surfaces with paint, these cages should from now on need
very much less repairing than formerly.
Large Bird House and Aquatic Bird House.—At the Large
Bird House all of the outdoor cages of the east side received a
very thorough overhauling and repairing at a cost of $316.15,
and the water supply to the in- and out-door cages here and in
the Aquatic Bird House received new pipes, valves, labor, etc.,
to the extent of $469.
Goose Aviary.—The entire southern half of the Goose Avi-
ary received a complete overhauling. One thousand five hun-
dred and fifty feet of new fences, on concrete coping requiring
1,500 cubic feet of concrete, was installed.
The erection of the Hospital rendered necessary the build-
ing of a retaining wall mounted with a concrete coping at a
cost of $400.
On the various Deer Barns, portions of the shingled roofs
and the gutters and leaders were repaired or replaced. The
cost of this item was $515.
At the Rocking Stone Restaurant, a large portion of the
shingled roof was replaced, though this work was done partly
by Maintenance Fund, only $55.00 being charged to the Repair
Fund.
All of the older Entrance buildings came in for a certain
amount of reshingling, at a cost of $360.
Other work done under this fund was the drainage of the
dwelling at the Nursery, a certain amount of repairs to the cages
of the Small Mammal House, and to the fences of the Deer
Ranges and Mountain Sheep Hill.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 89
GENERAL MAINTENANCE WORK.
Of general maintenance, the raising and distribution of food
supplies, the cleaning of walks, lawns and buildings, the coliec-
tion and disposal of garbage, refuse, manure and ashes, and the
general upkeep of buildings, cages and fences, and the policing
of the grounds, were carried on much as heretofore, though for-
tunately we had the efficient help of a number of men supplied
absolutely free of charge by the Association for Improving the
Condition of the Poor.
For a number of weeks these men were kept busy on the
lands east of Boston Road. During the present year we have
had from the Association for Improving the Condition of the
Poor, free labor to the extent of $3,798.25, which has helped us
most wonderfully in getting the area mentioned in proper con-
dition, and in keeping it clean. These men also dug the excava-
tion for the refrigerating room at the Boat House. They laid
the water-pipe to the new drinking fountain north of the Boat
House and erected the fountain; set posts for all of the refuse
boxes; built a large stretch of guard rail and a retaining wall;
did a great deal of grading, and of cutting out of dead, dangerous
and undesirable trees. They did all of the mowing and raking
of grass east of the Boston Road, and have dug out innumerable
plants of poison ivy. In short, they have done a great amount
of good and valuable work, and it would be a pity if it were
necessary to go without their help next year. It is to be hoped
that some arrangement can be made with this Association which
would be mutually profitable. The supervision of these men was
intrusted to our Special Patrolman, H. Van Benschoten, who
made an efficient foreman, but who, at the same time, did not
allow this work to interfere with his police duties, making dur-
in the year 44 arrests, obtaining a conviction in each case,
and co-operating in many instances with the city police, from
whom we obtained a great deal of help.
DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION.
H. R. Mitchell, Chief Clerk and Manager of Privileges; Wm. Mitchell, Cashier.
The Maintenance Fund allowed by the City for the year
1915 was the same as given us in 1914, and fortunately was
again granted in a lump sum, permitting its expenditure to the
best advantage. The special work to which Mr. Beebe, our Cu-
rator of Birds, had been detailed for several years having been
MUTE SWANS FROM BELMAR, NEW JERSEY
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 91
completed, it was necessary to return him to the regular main-
tenance force, which reduced the amount available for supplies
of all kinds, by the amount of his salary. It was a very difficult
problem to provide for our needs throughout the year without a
deficit, but by strict economy we were able to accomplish it.
The responsibilities of the Chief Clerk were greatly in-
creased during several weeks’ absence of the Director in the
west on a lecture tour in the interests of game protection.
Audit and Accounts.—In addition to the audit of the So-
ciety’s books for the year, certified statements of which appear
elsewhere in this report, the privilege accounts were given the
usual check by the auditors, and another investigation was made
covering the receipt of supplies for both the maintenance and
privilege departments. In this connection, several changes were
suggested to and approved by the Auditing Committee, which
have been put into effect. An inventory of equipment in all
sections of the privileges is now being made, which will be re-
vised and corrected annually hereafter, the work being done
at intervals throughout the year when other duties of the Stock
Accountant will permit.
New funds created in 1915 were confined to the single ac-
count to be known as the Tropical Research Fund. Some changes
in the methods of approval and payment of bills were made just
before the close of the year in order to provide for the change
in the Treasurer’s office by which Mr. R. L. Cerero was made
Bursar, and the Farmers’ Loan and Trust Company, Assistant
Treasurer, taking effect immediately after the first of the year.
Privileges.—As a whole, the showing made during the year
just closed has been the most unsatisfactory in some years. This
was due to a number of causes. Practically all expenditures
made in the Park are in the nature of luxuries, and therefore
they are the first to be curtailed under conditions such as pre-
vailed during the greater part of 1915. While the actual de-
crease in attendance over the previous year was only 15 per-
cent, unfortunately the reduced attendance when analyzed by
months and Sundays shows an actual gain over the preceding
year in the first three and last months of the year, increasing
the ratio of decrease in the five months, May to September, inclu-
sive, which make up the season in which the bulk of the privi-
lege husiness is done, to nearly 24 per cent.
32 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
There was an unusual amount of bad weather during those
five months, affecting so many Sundays that when a comparison
of Sunday attendance during that period is made with 1914,
the percentage reduction is further increased to more than 35
per cent. Sunday attendance in May alone was 142,463 below
the previous May. On the other hand, it is impossible to reduce
help or salary expenses correspondingly, because a certain mini-
mum force must be maintained continuously throughout the
season. After making every possible reduction in the operating
force consistent with maintaining our standard service, we were
able to make a cut in this item of only 11 per cent.
Rocking Stone Restaurant.—The gross business was not up
to the normal figures by any means, but considering the attend-
ance, the showing made was satisfactory. We were so unfor-
tunate as to lose by death on the last day of the year one of the
oldest employees at the restaurant, Mr. Leo Fradkin, who had
been head waiter for ten years. Mr. Fradkin was a most faith-
ful and efficient employee, who had the full respect of every
member of the Park force. As privileges employees were ex-
cluded from the benefits of the pension plan, when that plan was
adopted, it was impossible to provide for Mr. Fradkin in any
way from pension funds, during his long illness.
Boating.—The condition of the dock, and the necessity for
its being replaced by a concrete dock, has been previously re-
ferred to in these reports. Funds for this improvement were
not provided by the City, and by the opening of the boating sea-
son the dock was in such a dilapidated condition that the boating
receipts were seriously affected, showing a relatively greater
loss than any other division of the privileges. At the close of
the season another effort was made to get the funds for rebuild-
ing, but entirely without success. As it was now impossible to
go on another season without danger of serious accidents, ar-
rangements were made to tear away the old dock, fill in the space
where it stood, and put on the concrete floor in the spring, com-
pleting it before the boating season opens. The work is pro-
eressing favorably, and it is hoped that nothing will occur to
prevent its being finished early in the spring of 1916.
The usual amount of expense was put into the painting and
repairing of the boat equipment, the work being carried on by
privilege employees before and after the boating season.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 93
Boat House Restaurant.—One very important improvement
was made in connection with the Boat House Restaurant in the
past year; the construction of an addition to the basement ad-
joining the kitchen, providing space for the large storage ice
box which has previously had to be maintained in the kitchen.
This improvement was not authorized in time so that it could
be completed until very near the end of the year, and it was not,
therefore, of any material benefit for this season. Another year
we feel sure the result will fully justify the expense incurred
in making the improvement.
Soda Water.—Quite extensive changes and alterations were
necessary at all our soda stands to meet new requirements of
the Sanitary Bureau. Most important among these was the pro-
viding of hot water for washing glasses—no easy task, since
gas had to be piped some distance for the purpose.
All stands have now been supplied with tanks and gas heat-
ers except the one near the Bear Dens, and that one will have
to be equipped in the same way during the next season. Secur-
ing gas for that location will present numerous difficulties, on
account of the trees and rock that will be encountered.
This division of the privileges suffered a very heavy loss
in gross receipts from the condition referred to previously.
New Soda Pavilion.—The small rustic soda stand in front
of the Reptile House which was erected as a temporary im-
provement fourteen years ago, was so badly out of repair that
it was necessary to do some work in the shape of renewal of
the floor and plumbing in order to carry it along until city
funds can be secured to erect a suitable structure on this site
that will provide properly for refreshment demands, and be
more in keeping with the surrounding buildings. The new
shelter should be so arranged that at least a portion of it can
be closed, to protect the fountain and other equipment. The
fountain in the present structure has been greatly damaged by
being exposed to all kinds of weather.
Guide Book.—The Mountain Sheep Edition of the Guide
Book, of which 40,000 copies were printed and placed on sale in
1913, was exhausted in September, 1915. The copy was so
thoroughly revised at the time of this issue that it was unneces-
sary to make any revision for a new edition beyond a few minor
changes.
94 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
It was decided to print 20,000 copies, to be known as The
Gorilla Edition. This brings the total number of copies of the
Guide Book printed to date well above 200,000.
Souvenir Books, Postal Cards, Pictures and Other Miscel-
laneous Publications.—Considering general conditions, the fall-
ing off in attendance and in sales generally, the results we were
able to show in these items were up to our expectations. A very
attractive souvenir, in the form of a folding art letter was issued
in two forms, four-color and photogravure. These letters carry
about sixteen reproductions from selected animal photographs,
with writing space arranged so they fold in the form of a letter,
and can be sealed. They are a little difficult to display properly
at the gates, and the sales have been somewhat disappointing.
A new feature added to our list of souvenir publications
was a series of animals in art stamps, printed in colors by the
four-color plate process. While the pictures are of miniature
size, 134 x 234 inches, careful attention was given to all the
color details, with the result that they are surprisingly effective.
The series comprises 130 stamps, grouped in six sets of
twenty subjects each, with an album containing the remaining
ten stamps and providing space for pasting the entire series.
A briefly written caption giving correct information is printed
under the position for each stamp. The collection has proved
very popular with Park visitors as a souvenir, and somewhat to
our surprise has had quite an extensive sale throughout the
country. We had expected to place these stamps on sale early
in the season, but much time was required to get the color proofs
finished to our satisfaction, and deliveries could not be made
until the middle of August. Sales, however, were very satis-
factory, and before the close of the year more than half of the
issue had been disposed of.
Gate Receipts.—The collections at the entrances on pay days
were somewhat less than last year, and were again credited to
the improvement and repair fund and expended in making
urgent repairs that could not be done from maintenance.
Riding Animals.—The female elephant Alice was used as a
riding animal this season. To make it possible to have her
keeper look after this service without being away from the
building, the riding trip was confined to two of the yards at the
Elephant House. This plan worked successfully, and as a result
quite a sum was added to the income.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 95
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING.
George M. Beerbower. Civil Engineer.
Owing to the many unique features of the Animal Hospital,
the attention of our engineer has been mostly confined to the
superintendence of this building. Soundings were made for a
sewer-line for this building over every available route, in order
to avoid rock excavation as much as possible.
The work of the contractors, H. H. Vought & Co., has been
most satisfactory. Not only have the specifications been faith-
fully complied with, but many conditions not anticipated by the
specifications, were taken care of in a satisfactory manner. The
building is now nearing completion and will be occupied early in
1916.
During the early part of the year the engineer’s time was
occupied in finishing the large colored map of the easterly half
of the Park. This map is designed for exhibition purposes, and
to accompany a similar map of the western portion of the Park,
which has been found mest valuable. Surveys were made and
plotted, showing every individual tree, its size and kind, of all
the area demanded by the Public Service Commission for Rapid
Transit Storage Yards along the easterly side of the Park.
Plans were prepared and filed for a large brooder-house and
other buildings required in the nursery. Surveys were made,
ground staked out, and grades established for the paving of the
Wild Fowl] Pond.
The latter part of the year has been mostly taken up in
superintending the work of the removal of the old wooden dock
at the Boat House and the construction of a new concrete dock.
The old wooden dock consisted of 63,660 square feet of three-
inch planking and timbers rigidly spiked together. This was
badly decayed and water-soaked, and upon it had been built a
booth and stairways which had to be supported while the wood-
work was being removed from under. Early in December the
river rose to such a height as to overflow the site, and work on
the new dock had to be suspended.
In an institution of the magnitude and character of this,
innumerable and varied demands are made upon the engineer
which can not be embodied in the space available for an annual
report.
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TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 97
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLICATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY.
Elwin R. Sanborn, Editor and Photographer.
Photography.—The more important of the subjects photo-
graphed in 1915 were as follows: Sea-lions diving into their
pool, kiang, dromedary, gudha, banded opossum, dinomys, Hum-
boldt saki, yak, hartebeest, swimming frogs, rare tropical frogs
and toads, tree snakes, palm viper, black-footed penguin, trum-
peters, emu chick, crested eagle, goliath herons and merganser.
An extensive series of negatives was made of the bears, of con-
struction work at the Wild Fow] Pond, and the bird shelters and
bird-feeding appliances exhibited on Baird Court.
A paper on the eyes of fishes was illustrated by a number
of photographs made under the direction of Dr. Bates.
The most successful and interesting results of the year’s
photographic labors were the negatives of fishes made in the
tanks at the New York Aquarium; successful from the point of
view of the solving of a very difficult problem. It practically
is impossible to remove any mammal, bird or reptile from its
home quarters and photograph it successfully; and this holds
true of fishes. In fact, there are few creatures that are as sen-
sitive to changes as the fishes. Usually it is fatal to the speci-
mens when they are disturbed, and the resulting photographs
under these circumstances are of little value. The pictures that
the display tanks around the Aquarium presented, however, were
so alluring that experiments with them, covering the past ten
years, were tried from time to time until the problem of photo-
graphing the specimens as they cruised about in the tanks was
successfully solved. The work involved not only innumerable
devices in synchronizing the camera shutter and the artificial
lights employed, but also many nights of experiments that ex-
tended far into the hours of the coming day. Often a week of
these experiments produced not a single result other than a
blank plate.
It sometimes requires several nights’ work to make one good
negative, on account of the tardiness of the fishes in rising in
the water and presenting a picturesque grouping. Often, also,
a flood of light suddenly enveloping a tank sends its occupants
scurrying to the bottoms and along the sides where frequently
they remain for a long period.
98 NEW YORK ZOCLOGICAL SOCIETY
Many of the negatives made in the past year of the speci-
mens in the wall tanks of the Aquarium are quite unique, and
their production is distinctly a step forward in this particular
branch of photography.
Bulletin.—The Bulletin appeared bi-monthly, as usual, and
despite the fact that the source of supply for this publication is
practically limited to the Park and Aquarium, all of its con-
tributors have responded cheerfully to its demands.
Annual Report.—Although the Annual Report was issued
in good season, it was delayed by the changes in the financial
statements.
Zoologica.—Four numbers of Zoologica were issued; and
two others, now in type, will be published within a short time.
One issue, “The Whale Shark,’ was published for the Aquarium.
Cataloging.—A card index of photographs published has
been started and already 2,400 cards have been placed in the
files. This gives a complete record of the publication place of
every photograph sent out for such purposes. It has been
brought down to date, as have all records of cuts and plates
belonging to the Society. All records of this department are in
perfect order, and any cut, die, plate or negative is instantly
available. This department’s filing system is simple and most
effective, and is carried out in the most painstaking way.
Record Albums.—The Aquarium negatives were transferred
from the Aquarium Building and placed in the vaults at the
Park. They were sorted, filed, numbered and printed. Over 900
negatives were handled and the prints mounted in ten specially-
made loose-leaf albums. These were turned over to the Aqua-
rium.
Appended is a list of photographic work accomplished in
NOMS:
Lantern slides: and transparencies. sold’ 22) =) 5. eae 105
HMA ROETINENES ASO l Ces at et ete nn Sree act ay cans ale le ee aa f(s)
Prints: tor Albums. (Aquartim)) 9.225. eee ee 960
Prints<tor-Albume. Gar) 522k. ea eee eee ee 399
Prints for hublication oo ess ee ee ee ee 449
Prints sold, and used for miscellaneous purposes... 1,683
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 99
CONCLUSION.
In conclusion, I deem it my duty to point out to the people
of New York, and to the members of the Zoological Society, the
fact that our Fordham Entrance, at the corner of Pelham Park-
way and the Southern Boulevard, is a disgrace to the Zoological
Park. It is cheap, it is temporary, it is ugly, and now that the
Boulevard has been raised as it has, it is impossible! It would
be a waste of money to put a concrete approach in front of it,
and that would be less than one-quarter of a real remedy.
We need for that spot a new entrance, in keeping with the
remainder of the Park. It should be dignified, imposing, orna-
mented with sculptured bears, and in main structure and ap-
proaches it should be architecturally and artistically perfect.
The amount of money absolutely required is $35,000; and that
sum must be found, forthwith. The situation at that entrance
is intolerable.
The lobby room of the Reptile House must be rebuilt, at
once, to afford about ten times more sunlight than that particu-
lar interior now receives. This, also, must be worked out in the
near future. The change will cost about $2,500; and it can not
be made a day too soon.
Respectfully submitted,
WILLIAM T. HORNADAY,
Director.
REPORT OF THE
PENSION BOARD
OF THE
NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
The first year of the active operation of the Pension Fund
has proven the beneficent influence of that Fund upon its bene-
ficiaries. There have been no withdrawals except in the case of
members leaving the services of the Zoological Society. Of such
resignations there have been five, but in each case the person
taking the position vacated has become a member of the Fund,
so that the total of the membership is only one less than that of
the previous year. At present the total number of beneficiaries
is 166, and there are two applications pending.
The first pension granted under the regulations of the Fund
was to Mr. John J. DeNyse, for many years a member of the
Aquarium staff, and although Mr. DeNyse had not quite served
the requisite number of years, the Pension Board, in accordance
with the rules governing the Fund, voted unanimously in favor
of a pension of 30 per cent of his former salary. Unfortunately,
Mr. DeNyse was able to benefit by the action of the Board for
only one month, as his death occurred shortly before the close
of the year.
There was collected during the year from the employees of
the Zoological Society the sum of $3,172.18, and from the Zoo:
logical Society as a contribution from the Carnegie Pension
Fund $4,585.00, and from the Income Account of the Zoological
Society $3,433.37. This, with interest amounting to $63.78,
makes a total of receipts for the year of $11,254.33, available
for pensions. The major portion of this has been invested by
the Finance Committee in good bonds, as the Treasurer’s report
will show.
As it is necessary for all new employees to be examined by
a physician in order to determine their fitness to become mem-
bers of the Fund, Dr. Gilbert Vander Smissen was appointed to
make such examinations.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 101
In view of the fact that the drafts upon the fund for pen-
sions are certain to be quite heavy, it is highly desirable that
further subscriptions to the Pension Fund be obtained. Of
course, only the income of this fund can be expended for pen-
sions, and there is grave danger that even in the near future
the present income will not be sufficient to meet the demands
that will be made upon it.
Respectfully submitted,
H. W. MERKEL,
Secretary, Pension Board.
Approved:
GEORGE C. CLARK,
Chairman, Pension Board, N. Y. Z. S.
REPORT OF THE
DIRECTOR OF THE AQUARIUM
TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS.
HE New York Aquarium continues to fulfil its mission as one
of the museums of the city with the same success as in past
years.
The attendance has diminished to some extent as a result
of the war in Europe, but with more than four thousand visitors
a day for the year 1915, the loss is not visually perceptible.
Its relations with the public and with the officials of the
city government remain on the same cordial basis as formerly.
It has long been the custom of many teachers in the city schools
to visit the Aquarium annually with their classes and this prac-
tice has not declined. A work of considerable educational value
is the free distribution of zoological material for school use to
teachers who request it, and the service entails but trifling
expense.
The Aquarium is regarded by the country at large as a
responsible and useful institution if one may judge by the large
correspondence addressed to it on subjects pertaining to its
peculiar field.
The aquatic exhibits are as large and attractive as usual,
while the building and its equipment have been improved dur-
ing the year in many respects without increased cost.
IMPROVEMENTS FROM THE MAINTENANCE FUND.
The most important improvement of the year was the in-
stallation of filters for cleaning water pumped from the Harbor
into the large floor pools. These pools are located too low to
permit of their being connected with the reservoir of pure sea
water. They are moreover used for heavy feeding animals such
as porpoises, seals and crocodilians which has made it impos-
sible to connect them with the reservoir for fear of fouling that
important water supply.
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TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 103
The condition of the water pumped from the Harbor has
grown appreciably worse since the Zoological Society took
charge of the Aquarium in 1902. It became unusually foul dur-
ing the past summer and the last porpoise, which lived 21
months in the building, died from sheer filth infection. It being
impossible under present conditions, to supply these large pools
in any other way than from the Harbor, the filtration of the
water became absolutely necessary. This matter has been con-
sidered nearly every year but abandoned owing to the difficulty
of finding a place in this over-crowded building to install filters
of sufficient size. It was necessary to take two of the large
tanks, above the pump room, used to furnish a strong head to
these pools but as the pumps are always in operation it was de-
cided to convert them into filters and get along with the supply
furnished by the pumps alone.
The new filters were put in operation on October 3 and
the effect of their use has been satisfactory beyond our expecta-
tions. The harbor water is now delivered to the floor pools in
quite as clear condition as the stored sea water used in the glass-
fronted tanks.
A surprising amount of dirt is floated from the tops of the
filters when they are washed twice a week. Although the dirt
has certainly been taken out of this water supply, its salinity is,
of course, as low as ever. It is also probable that the water still
contains bacteria but this danger may perhaps be eliminated
by the use of limited quantities of copper sulphate. In any event
the water is entirely clear and is undoubtedly more wholesome
for the occupants of the pools.
The general appearance of the interior of the Aquarium
building has been much improved by painting, a single coat of
paint having served to freshen the surfaces of ceiling, walls and
pillars. This work also included offices and the service gallery
as well as the main exhibition room. White paint in the service
gallery and on the facings of the skylights has had the effect of
considerably improving the lighting of the exhibition tanks.
A new dark room in the laboratory and two new toilet
rooms recently completed, were improvements much needed.
Several square yards of cracked floor tiling have been replaced
to good effect. The ventilating ducts under the balconies have
been extended to the full length of the balconies and the troughs
of the fish hatchery have been renewed.
OVAL SHIPPING TANKS OF GALVANIZED METAL
Nos li (above)s 6 ftexcott: sc2tt.s) Now?) Sintioine sco ttc tte) INO. 3) edit. xe ltt Aine lettaelnna
No. 4, 3ft. x 1ft.6in. x 1ft. 6in.
Photograph by L. L. Mowbray.
WOODEN SHIPPING TANK FOR FISHES
Inside dimensions 4ft.x2ft.2in. x2ft.5in. Capacity 156 gallons.
Photograph by L. L. Mowbray.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 105
Extensions of piping from the air compressor have been
installed in both salt-water filters as an aid in the weekly clean-
ing of the sand beds. Installed in the bottom of each filter, these
air pipes have proved most serviceable. When the sand beds of
the filters are washed by reversing the flow of water, the air
and water bubbling up together clean the sand decidedly better
than has heretofore been possible.
During the past year the shipment of tropical fishes was
facilitated by the construction of large wooden tanks to be used
on board steamships. They are larger than any of the expen-
sive galvanized shipping tanks used heretofore and proved to
be more satisfactory. There is a decided advantage in carrying
each lot of fishes in as large a body of water as possible.
It is believed that wooden shipping tanks will also last
longer. Metal tanks are easily dented and rendered leaky by
the rough handling they get on shipboard, while rust attacks
them even when galvanized.
On shipboard it is not always possible to have the shipping
tanks carried between decks, and in the cold weather of early
spring when tanks are carried on the upper deck, tropical fishes
may become chilled.
The wooden tanks undoubtedly keep the water warmer than
it can be kept in metal tanks. This fact alone is a point de-
cidedly in their favor. They are, of course, heavier and more
difficult to handle, but on shipboard they can usually be hoisted
by steam power. The cost of wooden tanks is less than half
that of metal tanks of similar size.
An automatic stereopticon installed in December has proved
an attractive exhibit. It carries fifty lantern slides illustrative
of aquatic life and the methods of conducting aquarium work.
Visitors to the Aquarium have taken a decided interest in
the splendid model of the proposed enlargement of the building.
This model was moved to the Aquarium early in the year from
the Museum of Natural History where it was first installed.
When visitors are informed that the City is not at present
disposed to undertake its construction, there are frequent ex-
pressions of regret. It might be worth while to call for sub-
scriptions from the public. If the public were to take an active
interest by subscribing small sums, it is probable that public
spirited citizens would come forward with generous donations.
ORIO)
RED GROUPER (EPINEPHELUS
BLACK GROUPER (MYCTEROPERCA BONACI)
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 107
There has been some loss of water from the Aquarium
reservoir in Battery Park. The piping system and the ex-
hibition tanks have been repeatedly examined for leaks but with-
out result. At times the loss has amounted to the lowering of
the general water level from two to three inches a month.
The reservoir may have developed a small leak as the result
of the heavy subway blasting that has been going on in Battery
Park for several months. The losses have been made up by
additions but it is now necessary to cut off and test each of the
four sections of the reservoir in turn until the leak can be
located, and this is being done.
SANITARY CONDITIONS.
It seems desirable to refer to this matter, as there is an
impression in some quarters that the Aquarium is not as well
ventilated as it might be. This is in part due to the fact that
the Aquarium formerly had no mechanical system of ventilation.
The installation of the Sturtevant system some years ago had
the result of remedying this defect to a considerable extent. In
warm weather when the building is crowded with visitors the
air often becomes close.
Natural ventilation is almost lacking as the heavy walls of
the Aquarium have few openings, and the windows of the
second story are placed too high to affect the ground floor except
on very windy days. It should be borne in mind that under such
conditions perfect ventilation is difficult. This is due to the
peculiar construction of the building.
Much of the labor of the Aquarium force is directed to the
work of cleaning. The floors are carefully swept each evening
and are washed every morning before visitors arrive. A vacuum
cleaner is kept in regular use. The service galleries behind the
exhibition tanks are kept well whitewashed, and washing and
painting in various parts of the building is going on almost con-
tinuously. There can be little dirt in the Aquarium except what
comes in various ways with the daily crowd of visitors.
While there is much that contributes to the soiling of floors
and painted surfaces, cleaning goes on without cessation and
the Director maintains that the Aquarium is well cared for in
this respect. Some extension of the mechanical ventilating
system is undoubtedly desirable, but the presence of large
crowds of visitors must necessarily affect the air just as it does
in theatres or other crowded buildings.
108 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
IMPROVEMENT OF THE EXTERIOR OF THE BUILDING.
The condition of the roof and other parts of the building
in need of repair was brought to the attention of the Commis-
sioner of Parks during the summer.
Funds from Special Revenue bonds to the amount of
$2,000.00 were secured and improvements were made under the
supervision of the Park Department. These include refacing of
the outer walls, repairs to the roof and strengthening of the
archway of the rear entrance.
The refacing of the exterior surfaces of the walls was greatly
needed, much of the old brown-stone finish having peeled off.
While no ordinary expenditure could make the Aquarium build-
ing look like anything else than the fortification it was originally
built for, the small sum spent on it has considerably improved
its outside appearance.
THE EXHIBITS.
A census of the collections at the end of the year showed
that there were in the Aquarium 3,186 fishes representing 140
different species; 95 aquatic reptiles of 23 species; 166 amphib-
ians of 14 species; 3 aquatic mammals of 2 species and 2,338
invertebrates of 21 species. These figures do not include the
product of the fish hatching exhibit, the young fishes being de-
livered from time to time to the State fish culturist for stocking
public waters.
The quantity and variety of the exhibits as compared with
those of the previous year necessarily show but little change.
The Aquarium cannot increase the number of its exhibition
tanks, the capacity of the building in this respect having been
reached years ago.
The collection of tropical fishes is large and varied. The
tanks devoted to this collection are well filled and the exhibits
are always attractive to the public.
The collection of fresh water fishes includes most of the
important species of eastern fishes.
The exhibits of other kinds of aquatic life are as large as
the remaining space will permit. There are at present 5,688
specimens of all kinds in the building, representing 200 species.
These being crowded into about 100 exhibition tanks make addi-
tions impossible.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 109
Among the larger animals on exhibition may be mentioned
porpoise, sea lion, sea turtle, alligator, crocodile, sturgeon and
large jewfish—but the space that can be devoted to the larger
forms is limited.
The conditions for keeping fishes are on the whole quite
good—but the same cannot be said of aquatic mammals and
reptiles which need more light than the building affords. The
mechanical equipment of the Aquarium has been much improved
during recent years and the condition of the living exhibits is
better than ever before. This is largely due to the improvement
of the water supply in general. Losses of specimens have been
greatly lessened, and it is no longer necessary to do the con-
stant collecting from local and tropical waters that was formerly
imperative.
A porpoise (Tursiops truncatus) which had lived in the
Aquarium for twenty-one months, was lost August 21. The cause
of its death was a filth infection due to the foul condition of
the water in the large pool where it was kept. Like the other
large floor pools of the Aquarium it was filled with the sewage-
laden water pumped from the Harbor.
The new filters which have since been installed for the pur-
pose of filtering the Harbor water should protect the animal
occupants of the floor pools from such dangers in future. Not
only does the water flow continuously, but the pools are lowered
each evening and cleaned with long-handled brushes. The water
is now quite clean and clear, but its salinity remains, of course,
still very low. Bacteria are doubtless still present in this water,
despite its improvement by the filtering process.
The Zoological Society is indebted to the generosity of Mr.
Joseph Keith Nye of New Bedford, Mass., for all porpoises of
the genus Tursiops presented to the Aquarium. Mr. Nye is the
proprietor of the porpoise fishery at Hatteras, N. C., and has
offered to donate additional specimens. With his help the por-
poise exhibit will be renewed and maintained.
The porpoises lost during the summer from filth infection
and others from injuries received at the time they were cap-
tured, were by special request presented to the Wistar Institute
of Anatomy in Philadelphia and to the Biological Department
of Princeton University.
WHITE MARGATE, (HAEMULON ALBUM)
ENIS JOCU)
NEOMA
(
DOG SNAPPER
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT lat:
The large California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) con-
tinues in good health. It has been in the Aquarium eight years.
The young sea lions deposited by Messrs. Travilla Brothers re-
main in good condition.
Three new species of tropical fishes from Key West, Florida,
have been discovered in the living collections of the Aquarium
during the past eighteen months. One of these, a large serranid
(Dermatolepis marmoratus) Osburn and Mowbray, was de-
scribed in Zoologica, February 25, 1915. Another, a grunt
(Haemulon crysopterum) Mowbray, was described in the Bul-
letin of the Zoological Society for November, 1915. The third,
an angel fish (Angelichthys townsendi), Nichols and Mowbray,
was described in the Bulletin, American Museum of Natural
History, October 8, 1914.
A penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) from the coast of Chili
was presented early in July by Mr. W. O. Swatridge of Brook-
lyn. This aquatic bird was a decided attraction through the
summer and autumn. It was kept in the sturgeon pool during
the daytime, where it had a small raft on which to rest. At
night it occupied an open pen on the gravel roof. It fed entirely
on fresh fish cut in small slices, refusing all other kinds of food.
It became very tame, following its keepers anywhere about
the building when called. The bird appeared to be thriving and
enjoying life but it died suddenly in December.
A very large lobster taken by the fishing schooner Stranger
from a depth of 100 fathoms on the tile fish banks was received
in October.
It measured thirty-eight and one-half inches from end of
large biting claw to tip of tail, and weighed fifteen and three-
quarter pounds, the crushing claw having been lost and replaced
by a new one only five inches long. Like other specimens from
deep water it did not live long in captivity. This lobster was
presented to the Brooklyn Museum.
Through the courtesy of the United States Bureau of Fish-
eries the fish hatching exhibit at the Aquarium was kept in
operation during the greater part of the year; fish eggs of
several species having been furnished from government hatch-
eries. The young fry were delivered to the State of New York
as usual. *
SQUIRREL FISH (HOLOCENTRUS ASCENSIONIS)
+ See
TIGER ROCKFISH (MYCTEROPERCA TIGRIS)
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 1138
Nearly half a million yellow perch fry were deposited by
employees of the Aquarium in the upper waters of Bronx River
and in the larger park lakes of New York and Brooklyn. The
eggs of yellow perch are easily hatched at the Aquarium and
are obtainable in considerable quantities from certain localities
in Long Island and elsewhere.
By a special arrangement with the aquariums in Philadel-
phia and Boston, 600 fishes were brought from Key West, Flor-
ida, 200 specimens being allotted to each institution. The New
York Aquarium undertook the work of securing the collection,
the expenses being paid by the other aquariums.
Several large Jewfishes brought from Florida in 1911 are
still living and in good condition. These with other large species
make an exceptionally interesting exhibit in one of the large
floor pools and they should continue to thrive as all the floor
pools are now receiving clean water from the new filters. The
larger jewfishes in the pool vary in weight from 150 to 300
pounds.
Among the interesting arrivals at the Aquarium in Decem-
ber were specimens of the large Shasta salamander (Autodax
iecanus Cope), from Shasta County, California. They were ob-
tained by Mr. G. H. Lambson, Superintendent of the U.S.
Fisheries Station on the McCloud River, and the species is known
as yet from this locality only. The writer had collected speci-
mens near the fishery station many years ago and requested Mr.
Lambson to send living examples. These were packed in damp
moss, together with several red-bellied salamanders (Diemycty-
lus torosus), all arriving in good condition.
Next in importance to the porpoises presented by Mr. Nye,
are the frequent donations of fish eggs by the United States
Bureau of Fisheries, already referred to.
Mr. Emil Gottsleben of Nassau, Bahamas, presented a tor-
toise shell turtle.
Mr. Frederick Bishop, President of the Iron Steamboat
Company, presented a mounted specimen of the common black-
fish weighing fourteen pounds.
The New Jersey Fish Commission presented 173 specimens
of native fishes of nine different species.
Exchanges of specimens were made with the Fairmount
Park Aquarium in Philadelphia.
114 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
The Director and Curators of the Aquarium have for some
time entertained the opinion that the methods of feeding fishes
should be modified. Among those lost from time to time were
specimens which dissection showed to be excessively fat.
It was known from the work of Dr. MacCallum, Pathologist
to the Aquarium, that the principal losses were due to parasites
—hbut overfeeding might be causing losses that could be pre-
vented.
It has always been the practice at the Aquarium to feed
freely every day and it was decided to experiment for a time
with feeding on alternate days only, yet allowing as much food
to each tank as its occupants would consume.
The results of this method of feeding after several months
trial were found to be satisfactory. The health of the fishes
was apparently better, while the saving in cost and especially
in the labor of preparing food was materially lessened.
Fishes in captivity have rather limited space for exercise,
and some species still remain unnecessarily fat. Continued ex-
periment may show that the food allowance could be further re-
duced with beneficial results.
A complete list of gifts to the Aquarium will be found else-
where in this report.
The tropical fishes figured in this report, black grouper, red
grouper, dog snapper, white margate, tiger rockfish and squirrel
fish, are species which have long been exhibited at the Aquarium.
They belong to the Florida and West Indies region, where they
are regarded as excellent food fishes. The black grouper reaches
a weight of 50 pounds. The red grouper grows even larger, and
sometimes ranges north as far as Virginia. In the Aquarium
it is much given to changing its markings and coloration which
it often does instantly. The dog snapper is a fish of moderate
size, and in Cuba is known as “jocu.” The white margate is
found from Florida to Brazil and is well known in West Indian
markets.
Specimens of the tiger rockfish two feet long have been
received, but, like some other species of groupers, it probably
reaches a much larger size in deep water.
The squirrel fish is a well-known food fish, and is celebrated
for its brilliant red coloration. It is known to reach a length
of two feet.
All of these species thrive in captivity.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 1s
ATTENDANCE.
For the first time in many years the Aquarium has suffered
a serious decrease in the number of visitors. There was a slight
decrease in 1914 but the attendance did not fall below the two-
million mark which was passed in 1906. The falling off in visit-
ors in 1914 was attributed to conditions resulting from the war
in Europe.
After the commencement of the war there was a general
decrease in transatlantic steamship travel and in immigration,
both of which served to limit the number of persons annually
passing through New York City. These conditions continue.
The twelve months of war of 1915 as compared with five months
in 1914 produced a still more marked effect. Immigration from
Europe has nearly ceased, and the legion of tourists going
abroad has been reduced to a small remnant.
The attendance for 1915 was 1,538,831, a decrease of 490,-
76 as compared with 1914. The daily average of visitors was
AB Weve
TABLE OF ATTENDANCE.
January — “ViStlo“s...- 86,379 Daily average........... 2,786
February +P inn ee 100,034 sa Yee Cie Se
March telat atest 110,055 i aS ee. a,000
April a Shem tates ILS) ts ed ce ee 4,437
May CPs eR: 181,998 ss fog Pune 5,870
June Papa Gem 152,699 oe sm ene ace 5,089
July See petal ao 178,260 a se saghiee cre 5,750
August hws mee NGS OG = Soke eels 5,274
September ie Sede ee 140,615 : et iy 4,687
October Sadie hie ZZ ATO Pe Ao dig Satire 3,940
November eben aan Dea 104,537 aA hy, Cees 3,484
December es aegis soe 65,448 = Oy otal ee Zletal.
Total 7 ONE a eae NststeMorse | a ae eae AL 2A
AN OUTSIDE PUMPING PLANT.
As there appears to be little prospect of a larger building
for the Aquarium within a reasonable number of years, it seems
desirable to reconsider the plan for an outside machinery plant
to gain space for exhibits. The space occupied by the boiler
DOUBLE SERIES OF DISTRIBUTING TANKS. ;
By the removal of this and other mechanical equipment to an ouside building, much
exhibition space could be gained.
1
|
t
i
Wa
NEW FILTERS FOR FILTERING WATER PUMPED FROM NEW YORK HARBOR
These tanks were originally used as distributing tanks.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT LG
and pump rooms on the ground floor is equal to one-fourth of
the space now devoted to glass-fronted tanks. The same is true
of the tank room space above as compared with the series of
glass-fronted tanks on the gallery.
The space now occupied by machinery on the ground floor
would afford room for several glass-fronted tanks much larger
than any now in the building, while the space above them would
provide the Aquarium with a feature it has never had—a well
lighted exhibition room for the smaller and more delicate forms
of aquatic life. The outside machinery plant need not encroach
upon Battery Park as it could be built upon the shoal behind
the Aquarium.
LABORATORY.
To add another story to the front of the Aquarium would
be a comparatively simple matter and would afford ample room
for laboratory work not possible under present conditions.
There is nearly always at the Aquarium a large amount of
material from both fresh and salt water available for biological
investigation. This material is not being utilized for scientific
investigation for lack of facilities for studying it.
A well equipped biological laboratory would be of great
benefit to the Aquarium itself, as well as to science. There is
but little known of the life of most of our aquatic animals. The
embryology, physiology and adaptations of these forms offer
interesting fields for investigation.
The Aquarium has frequent requests from investigators for
assistance in the matters of laboratory space and material. It
is even now sharing its limited office space with a special inves-
tigator of the United States Bureau of Fisheries and material
is constantly being supplied for researches conducted under the
auspices of our city educational institutions.
Among the well known investigators who have been sup-
plied are Professor Loeb of the Rockefeller Institute, Professor
McClure of Princeton University and Professor Morgan of
Columbia.
Considerable quantities of small sea shore invertebrates are
annually given to school teachers for class work.
The Aquarium should be so equipped that it could take care
of investigators in a way that would be creditable to the Zoologi-
cal Society.
*RIULOFI[EO ‘OAT phon
\(@dOO) SANVOUI XVGOLNV ‘SUAGNVNV'TVS VINYOAITVO
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 119
Most of the biological laboratories of this country are open
in summer only. A laboratory at the Aquarium would be of
service throughout the year and the solution of problems requir-
ing long experiment would be greatly facilitated. The Aqua-
rium’s collector could easily secure much more material for
special studies than is now brought in.
Important pathological studies have long been carried on,
based entirely on material supplied from the Aquarium.
The Aquarium Committee, composed of prominent zoolo-
gists, has frequently recommended that proper laboratory facili-
ties be afforded in the building.
Tentative plans for an outside pumping plant, and a labora-
tory to be located above the present offices, have been made. The
cost for both would not exceed $100,000. The plans are similar
to those suggested by the Director in the Report of the Zoo-
logical Society for 1909.
Mr. John J. DeNyse, for many years employed as zoological
collector for the Aquarium, became incapacitated for duty and
was pensioned in December, but illness was more serious than
was suspected and his death occurred before the close of the
year.
Dr. Raymond C. Osburn severed his connection with the
Aquarium on September 30, 1915, to accept the chair of Bi-
ology in Connecticut College at New London. Dr. Osburn had
served as Assistant Director since 1910, in connection with his
duties in Columbia University. His withdrawal is a distinct
loss to the Aquarium and the Zoological Society.
Dr. G. A. MacCallum has for several years studied the
parasites of fishes in the Aquarium. He examined many fishes
during the past year and has shown that most of the losses of
specimens are attributable to parasites. A paper by Dr. Mac-
Callum, based on these studies, and entitled, “Some New Species
of Ectoparasitic Trematodes,” was published by the New York
Zoological Society in Zoologica in June. It contains descriptions
and illustrations of six new species. A similar paper has since
been prepared and will shortly be published by the Zoological
Society. Dr. MacCallum has been appointed pathologist to the
Aquarium in recognition of his services to the institution.
Mr. Chapman Grant who had been a member of the staff
in 1910 and 1911 returned to the Aquarium in December after
two years of service as a second lieutenant in the Fourteenth
120 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Cavalry. His decided interest in zoology led to his re-entering
the service of the Aquarium where he is now Curator of fresh-
water collections. A considerable part of his time will be spent
in zoological collecting.
Mr. Roswell Morse Shurtleff, a member of the Aquarium
Committee, died January 6, 1915, at the age of seventy-five. He
had been a member of the Committee since 1902.
Dr. Sergius Morgulis who has been studying the subject of
nutrition in fishes under the auspices of the United States
Bureau of Fisheries continued at the Aquarium the work begun
there by him in 1914.
At the request of the United States Bureau of Fisheries
office facilities were provided at the Aquarium for a few weeks
for Mr. Thos. M. Douthart who had been detailed by the Bureau
to conduct a campaign for the introduction of the tilefish into
the markets of New York and Boston. A fishing vessel
chartered by the Bureau, landed several fares in New York and
other vessels soon engaged in the fishery. The results hoped
for were realized and the tilefish has already taken an important
place in the fish trade of New York and other cities.
OLD PRINT OF THE AQUARIUM BUILDING.
The color print showing the Aquarium building, formerly
known as Castle Garden, in 1850, is an excellent copy of the
original in the collection of the Down Town Association. It is
one of the few color prints of this old structure, and the Di-
rector of the Aquarium is indebted to the House Committee of
the Down Town Association for permission to reproduce it in
this report.
According to the legend on the original it was ‘Drawn by
C. Autenreith,” ‘‘Published by Henry Hoff, 180 William St., New
York,” and “Entered according to Act of Congress in the year
1850.”
Other old prints of the Aquarium building have been repro-
duced in the publications of the Zoological Society as follows:
Bulletin of the Zoological Society, April, 1907; April, 1908;
March, 1910; March, 1914; March, 1915; March, 1916. Report
of the Zoological Society, 1906.
As has been the practice for many years, the Aquarium
continues to assist teachers of biology in the city schools in
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 124i
maintaining small aquaria in their class rooms. The living
forms supplied are chiefly small invertebrates, obtained from
the adjacent coast by the Aquarium’s collector.
When specially requested, a man from the Aquarium assists
teachers in establishing their aquaria. The subject of natural
history is made more interesting by the use of aquaria, and
many teachers avail themselves of the specimens offered.
Since the year 1903 there have been daily records kept at
the Aquarium on the temperature and salinity of the water of
New York Harbor. These records are unique for New York
City and have been useful not only at the Aquarium but proved
very valuable to Metropolitan Sewerage Commission during the
investigations of the past few years. The records have been
published from time to time in the reports of the Director of the
Aquarium and are herewith presented for later years.
Record of monthly mean temperatures and specific gravities
at the New York Aquarium during the period from 1912 to
1915, inclusive.
(From daily observations made by Mr. W. I. DeNyse*.)
1912 1913 1914 1915
Temp. Spec. Temp. Spec. Temp. Spec. Temp. Spec.
Water Gravity Water Gravity Water Gravity Water Gravity
EWING EG? 2 vereanere eae 38 1.016 44. 1.01] 4 1.016 4.0 1.015
February ..... : 0.017 43 1.013 37 1.015 39 1.013
Vian Chie ee eee ee 1.013 49 1.013 38 1.014. 40 1.013
JANG Over DS oe ae ee eee ee 43 0.010 46 OKO DS * es Mesa A4. 1.014
May = TOUT ea po eee 50 1.011 52 1.014
June 1.014 Saeed ne Ny Abeta 58 1.015 58 1.016
July 1.016 67 1.016 64. 1.015 G4. 1.014
PACU OUTS te paee eee 68 1.017 70 1.017 69 1.016 69 1.013
September .. 68 1.017 70 1.017 68 1.016 69 1.014
October =) eas. 64 1.017 65 1.016 64 1.017 63 1.015
INOyeun Grae 58 1.014 57 1.014 57 1.017 56 1.015
December 49 1.013 bl 1.015 46 1.016 42 1.014
During the year 914 specimens were purchased by the New
York Zoological Society as follows:
Four Blue Angelfishes, 15 Black Angelfishes, 5 Rock Hinds, 3 Red Hinds,
7 Shark Suckers, 2 Filefishes, 25 Spiny Lobsters, 42 Eels, I Sheepshead, 29 Pork-
fishes, 2 Red Groupers, 3 Spotted Morays, 5 Green Morays, 2 Cowfishes, 9 Gray
Snappers, 26 Stone Crabs, 2 Jolthead Porgies, 2 Little-head Porgies, 9 Grass
Porgies, 17 White Grunts, 14 Spot Snappers, 15 Red Hogfishes, 2 Gags, 3 Black
Groupers, 4 Dog Snappers, 11 Common Triggerfishes, 9 Margates, 5 Pompano, 11
Chubbs, 7 Bream, 6 Yellowtails, 4 Spadefishes, 5 Jacks, 3 Blue-striped Grunts,
7 Schoolmasters, 6 Muttonfishes, 1 Nassau Grouper, 11 Squirrelfishes, 1 Doctor-
fish, I Moray (Lycodontis), 5 Scamp, 6 Red Groupers, 6 Gray Grunts, 2 Sea
“Density observations were made with samples of water brought to a tem-
perature of 60 degrees Fahr.
122 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Catfishes, 1 Yellow-finned Grouper, 1 Rainbow Parrotfish, 6 Red Snappers, 6
Graysby, 3 Common Sting Rays, 1 Batfish, 37 Striped Bass, 13 Mullet, 12
Flounders, 15 Fluke, 11 Spotted Codling, 7 Butterfishes, 19 Menhaden, 5 Mass.
Filefishes, 3 Orange Filefishes, 20 Blackfishes, 3 Spots, 1 Silver Gar, 5 Sea
Robins, 31 Spiny Boxfishes, 6 Bluefishes, 7 Toadfishes, 1 Kingfish, 1 Sturgeon,
4 Hake, 5 Weakfishes, 1 Sea Bass, 4 Slimy Toadfishes, I Conger Eel, I Mackerel,
1 Seulpin, 1 Sea Raven, 1 Hawksbill Turtle, 297 Seahorses, 1 Porpoise (Del-
phinus), 12 Mantis Shrimp, 2 Green Turtles, 1 Lady Crab, 12 Hellbenders.
In the same period 476 specimens were donated to the New
York Zoological Society, as follows:
Fifteen Goldfishes, 20 Alligators, 1 Golden Orfe, 98 Brook Trout, 25 Rain-
bow Trout, 16 Brown Trout, 26 Landlocked Salmon, 15 Large-mouth Black
Bass, 4 Small-mouth Black Bass, 6 Bullfrogs, 6 Millers Thumbs, 1 Amazon
Turtle, 21 Painted Turtles, 9 Snapping Turtles, 8 Wood Turtles, 2 Musk ‘Turtles,
1 Spotted Turtle, 3 Calico Bass, 7 Pickerel, 31 Yellow Perch, 29 Sunfishes, 27
Salamanders (3 varieties), 3 Cumberland Turtles, 1 Yellow-bellied Slider 'Ter-
rapin, 1 Penguin, 2 Box Turtles, 1 Loggerhead Turtle, 1 Moonfish, 3 Lobsters,
3 Green Turtles, 6 Sumatra Fishes (5 varieties), 1 Soft Shelled Turtle, 1 Spiny
Boxfish, 1 Skate, 2 Winter Flounders, 10 Sea Scallops, I Whelk, 3 Dogfishes, 1
Angler, 4 Mud Starfishes, 13 Crayfishes, 4 Fresh-water Mussels, 2 Diamond-
back Terrapin, 1 Mud Turtle, 1 Water Toad, 7 Yellow-bellied Salamanders, 5
Brown Salamanders, 1 Reeves Terrapin, 1 Crocodile, I Natica, 1 Orange File-
fish, 1 Hawksbill Turtle, 2 Sea Cucumbers, 2 Mussels, 2 Hermit Crabs, 2 Sea-
horses, 1 Catfish, 1 Mudpuppy, 1 Eel, 1 Rock Crab, 1 Conch, 8 Porpoises (Tur-
siops truncatus), 1 Hair Seal.
The total of 1,390 specimens were received during the year
by purchase and donation.
Respectfully submitted,
CHARLES H. TOWNSEND, Director.
REPORT OF THE
PROSECTOR
TO THE BOARD OF MANAGERS.
BEG to submit the following report on the operations of
the Prosector’s department for the period from December
Pies tomanuary 1, LLG:
Material received.—A total of 225 specimens, divided as
follows:
IB rimatesrae ie ne ee 62 Cetaceans 4 ae es 2;
Carnivores _... eto Le OD Bd Ga cake ee ee ee LAS
limeomlates a..% i505 wel 19 Repiiless. ee ere hs 17
FVOCOMUS 0) oe eta BE ECS eae AG re hts aee S 2,
IGGRtAES: ens ne te ff es
MATESUDIAIS eS cn ee 10 A Galli pene 225
This material has, as heretofore, been used in the research
work of the Anatomical Department of Columbia University.
1. The brain has been removed and preserved in all forms
by Professor Tilney and Dr. Smith. The former has extended
his researches on the morphology of the hypophysis, already
published in part, to the important new forms received during
the past year.
The Department of Neurology is undertaking an extensive
research on the architectonics of the primate brain in serial
sections, with a detailed study of the fibre tracts. The unusual
number of primate brains received from the Zoological Society
during the year has greatly aided this important investigation.
The anthropoid brains have been of especial value, including
several specimens of the orang and one each of gorilla and
hoolock gibbon.
2. The Prosector and Professor Schulte have continued
their investigation into the morphology of the mammalian
salivary structures, extending the same to include the avian and
reptilian forms. The earlier results of this research were pub-
lished as Vol. IV, under the George Crocker Special Research
Fund of Columbia University in 1913. The material received
and studied since then is now awaiting the opportunity of a
second publication on the subject.
124 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
3. The Prosector has utilized all the material received in
prosecuting the investigation into the phylogeny of the verte-
brate lung, which has extended over a number of years. The
portion of the work dealing with the mammalian respiratory
tract is now completed and also awaits an opportunity for pub-
lication.
4. Drs. Grace and McGuire have been engaged during the
year in a detailed study of the myology of the anthropoid apes.
The receipt of the body of the young gorilla has enabled them
to complete this series, which now includes specimens of all
four representatives of the group.
5. The preparations of the alimentary canal, the genito-
urinary system, and the heart have all been added to the stand-
ard series in the Morphological Museum.
Respectfully submitted,
GEO. S. HUNTINGTON,
Prosector.
Creasurer's Report
For THE Year Enpine December 31, 1915.
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
OF THE
Sucome Account
Schedule 1.
Unexpended Balance as of December 31, 1914:
A\WEMENOKS wiOie Cxgorerovebnmwuns (homernapes WES eee $15,858.88
Received from Sustaining Memberships in advance for
NO TG UOT pe LONS Ree se anes age cts Minin nae ren eee 120.00
Investments:
$6,000 New York, Lackawanna & Western Terminal
4% Bonds RX Se ee oN rire Reet ene OM WE ee ce 5,940.00
RECEIPTS.
PACT TAT ULE) UGS tee oes oe aia 1 Seve Pee en on eer Soe Gn so ET es $16,550.00
Sustamimige Memberships 2. sa re PR Ae vee 680.00
Special Subscriptions:
Oil Paintings of American Wild Game... $6,600.00
MiG cell ain CO Us ee ee eee ee ree ee 20.00 6,620.00
Transfer from Endowment Fund Income Account 20,839.12
MAGES ero me lov eumal kee ko el eA CES ee eer et ere a 324.17
IMSS S, OM WANES OATES ce le nn ee oe Ree ee 240.00
EXPENDITURES.
Anngal and separate Reports... es es PP AIT SO
Bulle tine ee ee eee 2 BF ee enn ae tet eee oe 2,796.07
Photographs and slides eoense MoO ifets}
Preparation and mailing of circulars. tee aees UAE ioe bane ss 897.70
LOOlO Gi Carers oe een ee nen eee eee es ee re eee ee OOo
Costsotedisiributionsot Spublicationses = 85.85
Expenses, Annual Meeting ....... <a 649.00
EXPENSES Oh ehueCepllONsm aes = ee 1,085.40
(EneasunensmOllCemexpelSesuss === ee See ene eee eee 1,006.00
Generale office gexmensess ee. me ere ee ees 2,937.07
Audit of accounts Arab eee 734.00
IDEM OO WGES TMSTINCS ae ees O20)
Salary of Secretary . ; 5,000.00
Aquarium expenses 192.50
Office supplies and printing 2,260.72
NQUATIUMIE SPECIMEN GH meee eee eee . 1,466.64
Heads and Horns (publications and labels)... ee 11.00
Heads and Hors Hund (Granster) = 100000
IEploreiaye Je ibuAKel ((aRENOCNK IE) ech ee Sees eee 500.00
Salary of Assistant Secretary. .......... 999.96
Oil Paintings of American Wild Game 3,629.35
Laboratory for Curator of Birds 187.88
PATO UO? Bip LOVCCS yee eee ee ree 4.94.00
OCT UC Da fi O TUNIC es ee ee eee ta eee ee cece $32,310.67
$21,918.88
45,253.29
"$67, 172.17
126 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
BT OMG IUG SiON WC Cy Laem aoe Baca Oe, a eal fe $32,310.67
VPension= hung as lncomeseACCOUn est eee ee eee 3,433.37
SEFTON ETAL S| STS Cs eee cee 700.00
Iinsuran Ceyeee erway eee 112.50
Carnegie Pension Fund ........... 6 66.25
MIDRCOMEINEOMS GIOOMNSS Soret cee ee pet acca . 2,959.16 38,881.95
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1915:
Available for expenditure during 1916 2.0 . $19,489.57
Received from Sustaining Memberships in advance
Tia TENT Eig IG HS tie se ee es eh ee eer eee 80.00
Received on account of subscriptions to Oil Paintings
of American Wild Game for 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919 3,770.65
Investments:
$5,000 New York, Lackawanna & Western Terminal
4% Bonds (one bond sold during year for $990) $ 4,950.00 $28,290.22
$67,172.17
H. R. MrrcHett, Percy R. Pyne,
Chief Clerk. Treasurer.
January 1, 1916.
Maintenance Fund
ZOOLOGICAL PARK
Schedule 2.
RECEIPTS.
Received from the City on account of Park Maintenance
Appropriation of $200,000.00 for the year. $176,146.83
Due from the City on account of Park Maintenance Ap-
| ONSEXO)] OEE IAG KO) Olas gta alee ener Pan eee Uterine lede ieee Ree canta teeta ... 23,853.17 $200,000.00
EXPENDITURES.
Maintenance of buildings and care of collections... $ 57,951.93
Maintenance and care of grounds................ eevee 52,828.43
General administration 19,470.92
OOS TOT SAMUI ANS eee ee re ee ee ee Nn a 40,555.11
uel. Saracen es. Sn 9,379.51
Lumber 1,757.89
iirc worm hOESES ea Cleve lanl es eee eee meee een eran see ee eee ae 1,510.01
Wniformsyandh badles) esse ee eee eee cane 1,419.24.
Tools and machinery. ...... 1,403.48
BVlGGtrie@tservilCen en aa8 se Se ae ne eee i eh ne ee ek eek ats eee 1,361.29
Paints amd = oils; oe a eet es eee re 1,321.26
Miscellaneous! Sipplies: 2:22. 200 2 oo Ree a se 1,144.49
Miscellancousmmaterials = sees eee 924.65
(OPRCE ES UPL) sas re eee i a as ee 890.04.
einai aa Ge et Shee eee ree ee 781.18
Mele pio me se tv Ce yee 768.27
MiscellaneousmeqUlpmMe ni ee rn ee eee 665.02
Steel senmel rorn aree ee é 654.50
(ONPPUOG), Tf OIPUSCURG), cececzesp percocet ee SIO 48-22
*Shortage of $250.00 in Society’s payment to pension fund for the year added in 1916.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT
127
JEVROWUINDG: JROULSCHO! scectencontceve Seresspcesneet ime vtar s jepesinecede canter : $194,787.22
UEIMTNOURS SUDO eset ce eee epratecntee cae st rep ee 565.06
Stationery and printing | ey el eke rear see a 490.83
Fuel oil and gasolene ..... eet et om RN oi bse 383.20
DO TSimEC amit eee eee eee 349.15
Bolts, nails and hardware |... 345.44
Expressage and deliveries . 316.85
Office furniture and fixtures 308.89
Janitors’ equipment 296.30
Sand, cement and_ brick... 208.35
Rubber ose ssn ose if, 193.50
Fencing and netting pois so ne 191.19
SaMitaleye Sel VACC ste. re he ener ander. < 178.00
Apparatuscand machinery, Fepalrs. see ee 169.23
LOWRUNSS: GONG! TARE CS TOE cee cee tee pp patter 162.01
Nursery stock and SCCUS oe ee ennen es eres 131.45
EGU C allan cy he TTA pee eee Re ere On ee 125.85
Lubricating oils ........ 91.17
JEEMVMETISS? COP OV STEIN es ee ee 86.84.
Miscellaneous repairs ............... wets 78.28
(SUEVAIGTR SE! SAT) 0) 0) UES ete, tae eee RE eee = 75.50
Leesan irate) OY US} gaat a eects eet 3 Aenea ieee tes Eee ee a 74.00
Telegraph, cable and messenger service... ee, 68.86
YES ecm Cliath © OT sCO We TAIN See eee cee eer ee cnn eee 65.65
Gas service ae eee See 41.12
Medical attendance (mE GES) pee ae 4.0.00
INTIS CI Vae SUD PL ©Ss terete a te eee deme La) Rane aoe oa ieee eee 29.20
IE eae ee Fe ce a ergot re Ok nee mee ee se 26.10
PS UNats et BATTS EsTe UU E TINGG eee eee eee eae Se eee eee see 25.60
JBIGTAAESA AMMO! SCS TRE DNAS aretha ee 24.90
Medical and surgical SpPR IES ee 21.86
Awnings and shades... a re ee ee ee ee ae 91.25
EMMONS TINO MES UND PILES» ete eee eee eer ee Eee 20.15
Furnace repairs. ......... ES care ek tae is 6.00
Mis cellameotis expe nSes meres eee eee ee 1.00 $200,000.00
H. R. MrircwHet.. Percy R. Pyne,
Chief Clerk. Treasurer.
January 11, 1916.
Ground Improvement Find
Schedule 3,
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914:
Construction: of Hospital Buildimpg 2 2 $ 7,518.32
Erection and Equipment of Power Plant and Work
SSS TOY Sag een ee ee ea Ee ati ole cect 91.19
Construction of Fences and Other Permanent Im-
PLOVEMENIS.— a ear See tele el eT aie ee 34.40
Miscellaneous items to be rescinded by the City... 19.52 7,663.43
By reduction in contracts:
HrectionyoL News Zebra Louse sae ae $ 80.00
avallonmeds ty Olea t OUXs hulVel =e eee 50.40 130.40
By balance in Zebra House Yards appropriation... 518.32 648.72
$8,312.15
128 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Balances rescinded by the City:
HrechionmoieNe wae cbraelelous ems ae ee anh 70.00
Lebray House ards 518.32
Developments East of Bronx River es 40
DVIS Cel ANE © TST CTS fae neem reer ee eee eee 19,52 608.24
Transferred to New Hospital appropriation... 7,518.32
EXPENDITURES.
By the Zoological Society:
Construction of Fences and Other Permanent Im-
provements:
MS COMING GUS) eon SN eee oe $ 17.50
By the Zoological Society Through Park Department:
Construction of Fences and Other Permanent Im-
provements:
IMIS @e lila OWS ae ea ert ee ee Pe Be Se ah 13.00
Developments, East of Bronx River:
Pearl ome eas tao fem 1 OTe WLU Vie eee ee ee eee 50.00 80.50
Balance available for expenditure, December 31, 1915:
Erection and Equipment of Power Plant and Work
ISD LOTT Spare eae er ROO sek ae eee i me $ 91.19
Construction of Fences and Other Permanent Im-
J ODO NTS) 0 OU EN OT SY ee eee eee 3.90
Hmechion ot Newae/c bias lel OUS Geese nee eee 10.00 105.09
$8,312.15
1915 GROUND IMPROVEMENT ACCOUNTS
Construction of Hospital Building:
Transferred from 1914 account........ Lcosensetlen ie eres ey Uieporllfch est}
Appropriation available in January, 1915... ee 1 COOLOON Th22 55S 32
EXPENDITURES.
Contract H. H. Vought & Co., Hospital Bldg... $15,696.00
Contract Jos. B. Brady, Drainage and Water Supply
CSN Sy 1 ee ate ae WM ee ego emanate mee 800.00
Contract J. Levins; Hot Water eating lant =. 1,337.00 17,833.00
By the Zoological IO CTOLY fe operetta eee cee 892.16
Sere ae . Through Park a = 90.26
Balance available December 31, 1915.................. ee 3,702.90
$22,518.32
Steel Fence on 180th Street, Hast of Bronx River:
Appropriation available in January, LON See eRe eee $ 1,125.00
No expenditures.
Transferred to “Constructing Sliding Door and Reinforc-
inayor VSI Keyo KANE: VAN OMUUE, LCOS ao ee RS $ 1,125.00
Construction Sliding Door and Reinforcing Elephant
House Fence: :
Appropriation available in April, 1915.00 $ 1,125.00
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT
EXPENDITURES.
By the Zoological Society
“ce it3 ee ee
Sy eee as oe eee hme te eA)
Through Park Department... 320.66
Six New Drinking Fountains:
129
1,013.86
$ 1,125.00
Appropriations available in January, 1915.00... $ 600.00
EXPENDITURES.
EU nee Zoological SOChely) aa st cr ee $ 336.48
Ue ae Ye ss Through Park Department... 263.52 $$ 600.00
New Paint and Oil Storage Shed:
Appropriation available in January, 1915.00.00... $ 300.00
PRhrouphe ark: Departimentese 2... leg Wee re eee $ 156.25
Balance available December Si, (9b 143.75 $$ 300.00
Poultry Breeding House:
Appropriation available in January, 1915.00. $ 1,400.00
EXPENDITURES.
PUGH eAIOOLO.GICAL SOCUGE Yl enue one tee ea eye ee eters Pee $ 659.22
no) AS se ce Through Park Department........ 740.15 1,399.37
Balance available; December 3, 19l5 = ee 63
$1,400.00
Paving Bottom of Duck Pond:
Appropriation available in November, 1915.00. $ 3,000.00
EXPENDITURES.
Bay the: Zoological SOC y ener eee pseernars ars $ 940.34
Balance available; December Sil, VOWS ee 2,059.66
$ 3,000.00
H. R. MircHe tt, Percy R. Pyne,
Chief Clerk. Treasurer.
January 1, 1916.
130 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Animal Fund
Schedule 4.
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914:
CashieintiB ak oe ee ete ee eect ae dear ee $10,414.12
Cashion hands. Pee. hyp Rec SRO oN ek eed it BN EME 100.00 $10,514.12
RECEIPTS.
Special Subscriptions:
IVa AUAO Te NWO cece eri eer ome $500.00
2 Granites eno Chil ye cence eee eee ee ee 500.00
SAB, LW ho See kel lc on SG ee ee oe eee 250.00 1,250.00
Receipts from Park:
CONCH ce a ere a rete $ 38.65
TSC ell uM OS pre reer 65.25
Sales oferAmimi al Seen ve eae ene ee ee 1,559.70
Privilege Account, on account of 1915 re-
COPS eee eek ere ee eee ee eee 5,000.00 $ 6,663.60 7,913.60
*For purchase of animals during 1916. $18,427.72
EXPENDITURES.
IMRT roa ba MET UG" ee eR kT ea oe ear ea tg Uaner eee RIRe DL F miRicx tae ted A $ 4,270.60
TE Cl eae eee coe ee een See SO Nera eect ee 5,048.42
LRG) OE KS see eae ee rae a ne 1,108.29
NnNSe CttC.ollll Chi Orage re ae Be eee ee es ee eee 125.27 10,552.58
Baxpress sands others Chan Ges sence eee $ 1,213.42
Araive lim pac iO DAE Tex) CISC S eee ere ee 1,463.41 2,676.83
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1915:
(Wai apes ean cea ee ee ee ee ee ee $ 5,098.31
CEA) ome oan) 1) 00 Ue ee ee eater epee en ea 100.00 5,198.31
$18,427.72
H. R. Mirenert, Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne, Treasurer.
January 1, 1916.
Stokes’ Bird Fund
Schedule 5.
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914:
Cash in bank...
Investment: $5,000 Illinois Central Railway 4% Gold
Bonds oe : . ee — HAO 5,191.15
$ 134.69
RECEIPTS.
VO MED EHC Papal aN ali (ekes| 00 ol 01] eee ee aioe eA, oe Se aehs ee A ap $ 200.00
$5,391.15
EXPENDITURES
Preservation of bird life............ RD en Aernlcnt en Ro in rnc Ls aS SIE N nmoe $ 54.90
Mis celllancOUSNex CUS CS yee ne 2.50 57.40
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1915:
COPEIS) nN O 0 ceeee $ 277.29
Investment: $5,000 Illinois Central Railway Bees Gold
Bonds ee eee Rea : ee 0.05646 §,333.75
$5,391.15
H. R. Mirenent, Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne, Treasurer.
January 1, 1916.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT ish
National Collection of Grads and Borns
Schedule 6.
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914. .............. ; $ 280.27
RECEIPTS.
Special Subscriptions:
Buco tr 2 REM a eh 0 Goer a eb 2 ee dee ae ae $ 50.00
JO LNT fete Ee Ul es rere Pt cet eS At cap Rent re 15.00 65.00
Income Accounts GiramSitier)) je ee ee eee 1,000.00
$ 1,345.27
EXPENDITURES
IBUGENCIE) ev TKOL IS OTM) ere erecta eee eee perenne Re Seri nen ae . 6 832.94
Express and other charges . 28.59
IVS Gel OG ae S701 S cea nee 163.38 1,024.91
Wnexpended! balance vas) of December 3), 1915... 320.36
$ 1,345.27
H. R. MrrcHett,
Chief Clerk. Prrcy Ra Pyenr;
January 1, 1916. Treasurer.
Library Hund
~
Schedule 7.
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914... Ph saps ok ee el ee $ 146.57
RECEIPTS.
MiG Ora Se yACCCouaTaity MGI G SMT) Fer ee ee are eer eee 500.00
> 646.57
EXPENDITURES.
Subscription to periodicals 84.19
Books, Pamphlets, ete. ........ 352.26
Express and other charges 15.44
MiscelllameotispiesxpeCnSes: ee tee ee ee 100.00 551.89
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1915 _..0.. eee 94.68
$ 646.57
A. R. MircH ert,
Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1916. Treasurer.
132 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Maintenance Hund
AQUARIUM
Schedule 8.
RECEIPTS.
Received from the City on account of Aquarium Mainte-
nance Appropriation of $47,000.00 for the year... $39,096.91
Due from the City on account of Aquarium Maintenance
Hay Oy OU ROY 9 EET KO) ee Rl CO aed en ee Dye ARE ee RE 7,894.75
Winexpende dmb allan ements ee enone renee nen eee 8.34 $47,000.00
EXPENDITURES.
WS el err CS fas eres tec LA a eo Oe aR ee $32,295.87
AEDS nyt OO Clee cates icewin y Peves amare ee tries eeu an ee ee ROR EPL ene ae 2,096.35
Fuel supplies ...... . 4,459.11
Oficegsupplics === ee = 185.26
Laundry, cleaning and disinfecting supplies 2.000000. 91.77
Netrigeratinou supplies ss ee 109.93
General plant supplies ... i 4.23.78
Officevequipment === es 57.00
General plant equipment ....... = 225m 14
General plant materials .... = 689.35
EVE] GUUS ese eee . 2,403.28
JUG AUA OW OY Se peer teeter ster Seca Re ae eee Fiske esa mle SOQRIA:
TESTS POI S'S OC ee 280.42
Telephone .... ne 149.32
Contingencies ....... = 113.14
BWW ee eared tn rea yo tc eer ere ree ee 77.20
WUnexpendedthalance == ee ee 8.34 $47,000.00
Rosert SUTCLIFFE,
Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 27, 1916. Treasurer.
New Building Fund
AQUARIUM
Schedule 8-A.
Corporate Stock C. D. P. No. 92.
Construction of Foundations and Wall of Wings, New York Aquarium,
Battery Park.
Balancesonshandvasspertlastj ep ort eee
EXPENDITURES.
Roine & Weil, moving model of new building from the American
Museum of Natural History to Aquarium 2 eee
Morris Mayer,
Bookkeeper, Department of Parks,
Manhattan and Richmond.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT bos
Endowmment Hund
Schedule 9.
Funds as of December 31, 1914:
Cash in Bank . Seeds SORE ee ree aes ay eS MOOANOD
Investments at “cost RAT ee MOP ee tence eee ries Soe EIN 323,698.75 $323,962.80
RECEIPTS,
Endowment Fund:
State On Vins. MOTEIS Kev lESSUp steerer Panne $13,750.00
Estate Of wacopmvancelothie. ese ate meee 1,000.00 14,750.00
Teifeme Viemmb ens hijo syne te eae eee a Rene ewe a ere ee ees a 1,600.00
$340,312.80
Investments as of December 31, 1915, at cost:
$20,000 Westchester Racing Association 5% First Mort-
gage Bonds ......... ee ee - <p 20,000.00
3,000 Second Mortgage, Clara N. Gibert. “and others,
6% over land and Bye: Broadway and
17th Street . ea ered Sete ae ees OL OL0)(019)
5,000 Colorado & Southern 4% “Bonds” sie ee BS 4,750.00
5,000 Michigan Central R. R. Co. 4% Bonds .... 4,950.00
10,000 New York City 1957 4% Corporate Stock... 9,925.00
10,000 New York City 1957 4% Corporate Stock..................... 9,962.50
20,000 New York City 1958 4% Corporate Stock... 19,875.00
10,000 New York City 1958 4% Corporate Stock... 9,962.50
13,400 New York City 1965 414% Corporate Stock... 13,651.25
10,000 St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba 4% Bonds......... 9,800.00
50,000 U. S. Steel Sinxing Fund 5% Bonds...........00W... 51,812.50
50,000 American Telephone & Telegraph 4% Bonds........... 45,000.00
25,000 Rhode Island Suburban Ry. Co. 4% Bonds............... 21,250.00
20,000 Chicago & Northwestern Ry. Co. General Mort-
De MATa Ui OTC S eer are eee 19,750.00
20,000 Vandalia Railroad Co. Consolidated Mortgage
AVOID OMG Stars See te te IBC eee ot in Deve ea 19,400.00
5,000 Missouri & Illinois Bridge & Belt R. R. Co. Ist
Mortgage 4% Bonds ........... .. 9,000.00
10,000 Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget. Sound, “Ast “Mortgage
ANT oO Es OTN Cl Se tee care oie Gee Oe ee ee ae ee TS 9,525.00
12,000 Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound Ist Mortgage
As C/E OTN GS pe eta eee) ere ie eee 11,250.00
5,000 New York, Lackawanna & Western 4% Ter-
erm IbeayarronemneMe VEX) 4,950.00
20,000 Milwaukee, Sparta & Northwestern Ist Mortgage
AN O75 aE OTL Gl ieee etic ne Serra tule See ee 18,900.00
25,000 New York & Westchester Lighting Company Gen-
eral Mortgage 4% Gold Coupon Bonds ............. 19,750.00
1000) Morris; ocHissex. Re Re 346.9% Bond 2 876.25
5,000 Illinois Central and Chicago, St. Louis & New Or-
leans ajGink. 5 Ze ebOnds) es. seen eee) ee 5,000.00 338,340.00
Uninvested balance, December 31, 1915 2.00 yee ee Bae 1,972.80
$340,312.80
H. R. MrrcHett,
Chief Clerk. ~ Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1916. Treasurer.
134 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Endowment Fund Jucome Accout
Schedule 10.
Wnexpendediibalancelas) of Decembere3 ly) 01 914g een ee $ 6,206.32
RECEIPTS.
Interest collected from Endowment Fund Investments... : 14,706.50
$90, 912.82
EXPENDITURES.
Accruedmntereston bondsyatstime of purchase. = ee $ 73.70
Pras ferred eat om lr COTM eC COLIN tere eee eae eee 20,839.12
~ $20,912. 82
H. R. MircuHett,
Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1916. Treasurer.
Cadwalader Animal Fund
Schedule IT.
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914:
COFNS) ope aT ahd Besa Cee kes ake aS Reece ees eee ea cre ear Nn ree ee $ 188.89
Investment: $20,000 (at par) Illinois Central and Chi-
cago, St. Louis & New Orleans joint 5% Bonds... 20,000.00 $ 20,188.89
RECEIPTS.
LOTUS SIRSNR COLT AVON STONING eee cee eee cee tere venele EN a She 8 1,000.00
$21,188.89
urchase 0 bcamitinall Seater sea te te ee rN a eR aes ete fe se 400.00
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1915:
Investment: $20,000 (at par) Illinois Central and Chi-
cago, St. Louis & New Orleans joint 5% Bonds... $20,000.00
Gave meine ho ela cage ent ee ee eee ee eee 788.89 20,788.89
$21,188.89
H. R. MircHett,
Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1916. Treasurer.
Wilh Hite Fund
Schedule 12.
Unexpended balance as of December 3], 1914" $ 517.45
RECEIPTS.
Salerot “Our (Vanishing Wild Wile: yee eee eee 198.75
$716. 20
EXPENDITURES.
Meh pice wns X (CSS yer ee $ 29.73
Miscellaneous expenses ......... = = Bilder) §3 67.56
Unexpended balance as of December 31, Ct ans er ee 648.64
$716.20
H. R. MircHe.t,
Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1916. Treasurer.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 135
Improvement and Repair Account
Schedule 13.
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914. ...................... conn fa
RECEIPTS.
GatemeCel pts! ean ven swech rie, er karin Rae ers eit oe eto Ce $9,588.65
NATISCQV NICO THEM ONS © cass eerseeere este acai eer co eee ee ep 80.38 9,669.03
$10, 938.22
Large bird house repairs 490.74
IDISETE TWD essed horeepoeeeretraeeene 233.92
Bear dens re Sent ne: 66.93
Primates house ........ — Sen 2 eat Pron 59.33
Wialllaire po ainsi see rees a 3,720.89
lyin eca pe) ee 366.87
Heating repairs ......... ene eee eee Beret ere 1,064.50
Guardrail Sse Re ae eee 28.05
iion) house) ee ur eecaseeieen ees eae ee 29.96
Miscellaneous See ee apne en a ree 488.83
Ve tanmaimsawal leimniys CNayol CQ) yen Chere eee eee eee 396.84
Goose! aviany yet ee, Fre er ee 519.30
FEV FO DUNE LIN Sey OTN aT: CUT CE Se ee etree ee ee 324.30
IEAIN@A'S UN teal Vel ATs Vas gees es ete tes ne cc oar ee ene Pee eee 684.86
AV Acco ea ait: Ura gs ba © © yO ee aN ae eee ee 52.08
Mami alehousesarep ainsi esas eee ees ee eee 138.43
RES tain aa GeE te all Sup eae oak ee ee ee ee 55.00
Repairs tovdeer and huilalo barns)... = 2 365.03
PNA Ci ori Gly TOUS Eyal: yo CUT; Seen eee eee ee 90.00 9,175.86
Winexpendedebalance as, of Wecember Sil, 1Olls eke e ee 1,762.36
$10,938.22
H. R. MircHe.t,
Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1916. Treasurer.
Caruegir Pension Fund
Schedule 14.
Funds as of December 31, 1914:
Casheinw iB ano eee ere $ AS. i
Investments at cost 99,248.75 $ 99,996.89
Adjustment of interest on bonds at time
COifgem UL CENIS Ce tre ee ier eee Pee R eee Ear O ie ie a ce 3.11 $100,000.00
RECEIPTS.
Contribution from New York Zoological Society... AeA 66.25
Hund Swaseate)e cern era sisal Oil jee eee eee $100,066. 25
Investments at cost:
$25,000 Philadelphia & Baltimore Ist Mortgage 4% Gold
BOT GRRERE ce eee ee ee YEE ober ere ete: eat bite fete $23,250.00
25,000 Lehigh Coal & Navigation 4%%2% Bonds 24,875.00
25,000 Illinois Central 4% Bonds 23,062.50
OCG ANCA AY OV CT: Cee ta EAE een he een . $71,187 50
136 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
BROWGRG Sf ONWUTG ae ree eee ne See ene eee Se ie tee Ed $71,187.50
SHOOO WM vores we IGS Be GA IBOMVGIS eee 4,373.75
25,000 Chicago & Northwestern 4% Bonds 23,687.50
1,000) Michigan) ‘Central 344% Bond 222s 817.50 $100,066.25
H. R. MircHe11,
Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1916. Treasurer.
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
OF THE
Pension Hund IJucome Account
Schedule 15.
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1914:
Deposited) with Marmers)) oan & Drust (Co 2 $ 3,639.95
Deposited with Corn Exchange Bank (Bronx) ........... 540.32
RECEIPTS.
Interest on bank balances
$ 4,180.27
Ste cee AON rere Pe 1 Da FP Hae pcb Pa LoS ye crt Se 63.78
Imberesteonee b Onesie SEIMEI LS yee eee eee 362.50
Dues collected from Zoological Society Employees 3,172.18
Contributed by New York Zoological Society:
Interest on Carnegie Pension Fund Investments... $ 4,335.00
(© 215 In Fey ely 1 TICES 5 ny 7 ca Teta ere 3,415.00 *7,750.00
$15,528.73
EXPENDITURES.
Refund of dues with accrued interest to resigning mem-
DET Sere eee erie teh, Rr a eer ear 8 See NN eee en RE oe $ 89.82
Clerical Se revi COS ee ae ec ae eee 250.00
Physical examinations (made by Dr. G. J. Van der
SMS GET) oe ye cere ee er earn en ae ee 19.00
Johnie DerNiyses dinst: peEMSiom pp ayaeN tenes ne 30.00 $ 388.82
Investments at cost:
$5,000 New York City 442% Bonds................ $5,093.75
$5,000 Illinois Central and Chicago. St. Louis &
New Orleans Ry. joint 5% Bonds... 4,981.25 10,075.00
Accrued interest on above bonds when purchased |. 96.46 10,171.46
Unexpended balance as of December 31, 1915:
Deposited with Farmers’ Loan & Trust Come caren. $ 4,595.77
Deposited with Corn Exchange Bank (Bronx)... 372.68 4,968.45
$15,528.73
H. R. Mrrcuett,
Asst. to Treas. Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1916. Treasurer.
*Balance of $250.00 due from the Zoological Society on 1915 account to be contributed
early in 1916.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 137
Cropical Research Fund
Schedule 16.
RECEIPTS.
Special Subscriptions:
ASE TAS sins LER ED ek leer ere eee ed ... $ 1,000.00
Cleveland H. Dodge .......... 1,000.00
CMiledyard’ Blair = ee ns ee ee 1,000.00
Mortime}nw lens Chitty sme ee ee eee TR OOOKO0
Ceonre ds COUIG! pees = TATOO 6s SHOW)
Unexpended balance assot December soil UO Mie et eee) 0;,000:00
H. R. MircwHe tz,
Chief Clerk. Percy R. Pyne,
January 1, 1916. Treasurer.
MARWICK, MITCHELL, PEAT & CO.
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS
27 WALL STREET
NEW YORK
Auditors’ Certificate
We have audited the books and accounts of the New York Zoological So-
ciety and of the “Carnegie Pension Fund” for the year ended December 31,
1915, and certify that the foregoing Schedules “1” to “16” of cash receipts and
expenditures are in accordance with the books. and correctly record the trans-
actions relating to the Funds of the Society and the “Carnegie Pension Fund”
for the year 1915, and the condition of the various Funds as at December 31,
1915. The subscriptions, donations, and dues reported as received, and the in-
come from investments, have been properly accounted for, and the securities
and cash in bank and on hand at December 31, 1915, as shown in the accounts
of the Funds presented herewith. have been duly checked and found in order.
Schedules “3” and “8-A” include expenditures amounting to $1,633.84, $17,-
833.00 and $100.00 made through the Park Department of the City of New York,
and amounts aggregating $608.24 rescinded by the Board of Estimate and Ap-
portionment of the City of New York, none of which has been verified by us,
but we have incorporated them in the statements submitted, so that these may
be complete.
Marwick, MircHetzt, Pear & Co.
Chartered Accountants.
79 Wall Street. New York,
February 19, 1916.
Report of the Auditing Committee
OF THE
NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
New York, March 6, 1916.
To The President and Board of Managers
Of The New York Zoological Society:
Dear Sirs :—
We beg to report we have examined the annual audit of the books and
accounts of the New York Zoological Society for the year ending December 31,
1915, as made by Messrs. Marwick, Mitchell, Peat & Company, Chartered Ac-
countants, and herewith submit the same to you as a complete and satisfactory
audit of said books and accounts, including the Carnegie Pension Fund and the
Pension Fund Income Account, all expenditures and receipts of the various ac-
counts being clearly set forth, and it appearing that the cash on hand and at the
various depositories has been verified and found correct, and all securities in
which the funds of the Society are invested have been examined and found as
reported.
Expenditures made through the Park Department of the City of New York
have not been verified by this audit as such moneys have not ‘passed through
the hands of this Society, but are in due course checked and _ verified by the
Comptroller of the City.
Respectfully submitted,
Wintiam Wuire Nites,
Chairman.
LisPENARD STEWART,
H. Castrmir pERHAmM.
Hist of Accessinus, 1915
BY THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
AT THE ZOOLOGICAL PARK.
BY GIFT.
Apams, B. F., Jacksonville, Fla.:
Lubber Grasshoppers (17 specimens).
ALLEN, Bengamin K., Saybrook, Conn.:
Bald Eagle.
Awnpruss, Lron M., Tarrytown, N. Y.:
Red Tailed Hawk.
Austin, E. H., Gaylordsville, Conn.:
Wood Tortoises (2 een)
Bacon, Mrs., Millbrook, N. J.:
White Faced Sapajou Monkey.
Baxer, Mrs. W. H., New York City:
Black and Yellow Tegu.
Batt, Wiit1am, New York City:
Alligator.
Barnes, Rey. Oris T., Chappaqua, N. Y.:
Red Tailed Hawk.
Bason, Mrs. E., New York City:
Alligator.
Baumann, Cuarites, New York City:
Hognosed Snake, Garter Snake.
Brecutet, W. A., New York City:
European Siskin.
Bert, E. L., Flushing, N. Y.:
46 Garter Snakes, 8 DeKay Snakes, 12 Black Snakes, 9 Water Snakes, 2
Blowing Adders, 11 Ribbon Snakes, 122 Promethia Cocoons, 1 Painted
Turtle, 5 aie 1 Snapping Turtle, 1 Ring Necked Snake, 2 Milk
Snakes, 6 Bag Worms, 102 Cecropia Cocoons, 39 Red Newts, 1 Slimy
Salamander, 1 Marbled Salamander. Total, 369 specimens.
BrengamMin. Erick, New York City:
3 Pine Snakes, 1 Chicken Snake, 1 King Snake. Total, 5 specimens.
Bennett, Miss Manet, New York City:
Raccoon
Bierstapt, E. H., New York City:
Santo Domingo Amazon.
Bircuatz, Mrs. F. T., New York City:
Indian Ring-Necked Parakeet.
Bitzer, Orro G., New York City:
Alligator.
Bruackman, Mrs. O., East Orange, N. J.:
Raccoons (2 specimens).
Bors, Franx C., New York City:
Fence Swift.
Bocart, Cuartes N., Binghamton, N. Y.:
Macaque Monkey.
Borven, Leru A., Fall River, Mass.:
2 Fish Crows, 1 Red Shouldered Hawk.
Boroveu or Beximar, N. J.:
Mute Swans (2 specimens).
Bowker, Mrs. A. F., New York City:
Mexican Conure.
Brapy, Water, New York City:
Duck Owl.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 141
Brazit, Dr. Virar, San Paulo, Brazil:
1 Brazilian Whip Snake, 2 Marssuxanas, 1 Brazilian Fer de Lance, 1 Flat-
Necked Snake, 1 Neuwied’s Lance Head, 1 Boulenger’s Lance-Headed
Snake, 1 Jararaca, 2 Lance-Heads, 2 South American Rattlesnakes.
Total, 12 specimens.
Brickner, Mrs. N., New York City:
Alligator.
Brocx, Mrs. N., Mt. Vernon, N. Y.:
Alligator.
Brooxiyn Instr. or Arts anp Sciences, Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Texas Armadillos (2 specimens).
Brown, R. E., Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Yellow Naped Amazon.
Bucxssaum, FI. H., New York City:
Parula Warbler.
Burke, Miss Bittir, New York City:
Mangabey Monkey.
Byones, Mrs. Jonn Mactay, Paterson, N. J.:
Marmoset.
CaHALAN, EvizaBpeto Mar Annadale, N. Y.:
Great Horned Owl.
CALLINN, Jr., Loyp A., White Plains, N. Y.:
Alligators (2 specimens).
Catuster, J. H., Brooklyn, N. Y.:
American Bittern.
Carey, Wiitiiam, New York City:
American Merganser.
Carson, Master Ropert, Somerville, N. J.:
Kinajou.
CatTeLt, Owen, Garrison, N. Y.:
Raccoon, Skunk.
Cuapwick, M. J., New York City:
Canaries (2 specimens).
Cuaprin, Mrs. E. N., New York City:
15 Canaries, 1 Strawberry Finch, 4 Grassfinches, 10 Zebra Finches, 1 Gold-
finch, 1 Red-Billed Hill-Tit, 2 Green Singing Finches, 6 Cutthroat
Finches, 2 Spice Mannikins, 1 Napoleon Weaver, 1 Chopfinch, 1 African
Silver-Bill, 1 Madagascar Weaver, 1 Red-Billed Weaver, 1 Gray Java
Sparrow, 1 Bengalee, 1 Linnet, 1 Golden-Breasted Bunting, 1 Niger
Black-Headed Weaver, 1 Striped Masked Weaver. ‘Total, 53 specimens.
Crapman, Mrs. EK. F., New York City:
1 White Java Sparrow, 1 Undulated Grass Parakeet, 1 Green Grass Para-
keet, 2 Strawberry Finches. Total, 5 specimens.
Cueresman, M. R., Murray, Utah:
Valley Quail (10 specimens).
Crip, Miss R. A., New Canaan, Conn.:
Linnet.
CuarxK, C. H., Yorktown Heights, N. Y.:
American Crows (3 specimens).
Crose, Mrs. Gro. Lyrron, Mount Vernon, N. Y.:
Opossum.
Coss, Mrs. E. C., New York City:
Alligator.
Coutts, A. M., A. E. Collins Mfg. Co., Phila. (on behalf of the Day So. Am.
Expedition) :
3 Black Marmosets, 1 Common Marmoset, 1 Saki Monkey, 2 Black Capuchin
Monkeys, 1 Pair of Red Coati Mundis, 1 Golden Agouti. Total, 10
specimens.
142 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
ConseRVATION Commission, Albany, N. Y.:
Northern Coon. ;
Cornisu, C. D., New York City:
Raccoon. :
Cortez, Mrs. J., Cornwall, N. J.:
Canary.
Cron, Ratpu Epwarp, New York City:
Raccoon.
Currer, N. M., Port Lemon, Costa Rica:
3 Red Blue Macaws, 1 Yellow-Naped Amazon, 1 Yellow-Headed Amazon, 1
Yellow-Cheeked Amazon, 1 Globose Curassow. ‘Total, 7 specimens.
CzarRNECKI, GaprieL, New York City:
Kinkajou.
Day, Lee Garnerr, New York City (on behalf of Collins-Day South American
ixpedition) :
3 Black Marmosets, 1 Common Marmoset, 1 Saki Monkey, 2 Black Capuchin
Monkeys, 1 Pair Red Coati Mundis, 1 Golden Agouti. Total, 9 specimens.
Denzier, C., New York City:
Snapping Turtle.
DeyerrBerGc, Kren, New York City:
Blue-Fronted Amazon Parrot.
Disanza, Mrs. Mapperena, New York City:
Eastern Bobwhite.
Dortcer, C. P., New York City:
American Egret.
Donrine, J. F.. New York City:
Texas Armadillo.
Enernavrt, Harry, New York City:
Alligator.
Enrman, J. G., New York City:
Canary.
Erster, F. H., Sorrento, Florida:
Lubber Grasshoppers (2 specimens).
Encernarpt, G. P., Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Spade-Foot Toads (6 specimens).
Eruarpt, Mrs. W. H., New York City:
Red-Crested Cockatoo.
Evans, Miss M. C., New York City:
European Blackbird.
Ewaxpt, Jutrus, New York City:
Golden Eagle.
Frernanpez, Mrs. C., New York City.
Box Turtle.
Forp, Mrs. H. S., New York City:
Yellow-Fronted Amazon.
Frampacn, Mrs. N., N. J.:
Alligators (2 specimens).
Frank H., New York City:
1 Painted Turtle, 1 Spotted Turtle.
FrIpENBERG, Cartes, New York City:
Gopher Tortoise.
Gatm, Master Joun, New York City:
1 Milk Snake, 4 Garter Snakes, 13 DeKay Snakes. Total, 18 specimens.
Garrison, Wir11am, New York City:
Barbary Turtle Dove.
Germunp, Morton C., Freeport, L. I.:
Alligator.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 143
Gittam, Arruur L., Flushing, L. I.:
122 Promethia Cocoons, 102 Cecropia Cocoons, 6 Bag Worms, 4 DeKay
Snakes, 35 Garter Snakes, 5 Rattlesnakes, 2 Ribbbon Snakes, 6 Water
Snakes, 10 Black Snakes, 1 Ring-Necked Snake, 2 Blowing Adders, 2
Milk Snakes. ‘Total, 297 specimens.
GiutTH, Wititiam A., New York City:
Screech Owl. ;
GoupBEerG, Samuet, New York City:
Box ‘Tortoise.
Gray, Miss E., New York City:
Ring-Tailed Sapajou.
Grices, Miss Anicr C., Spuyten Duivil, N. Y.:
Alligator.
Harrincron, M. R., Bacaca, Cuba:
Hutias (2 specimens).
Hayes, Mrs. EK. H., New York City:
Canary.
Hersert, Mrs. Emua L., New York City:
1 Red-Billed Weaver, 1 Crimson Crowned Weaver.
Hrienway, Dr. A. E., New York City.
Box Tortoises (2 specimens).
Hicerns, Dr., New York City:
Hutia (Cuban Tree Rat).
Hinz, Miss Ametta Leavirr, New York City:
Tovi Parakeets (2 specimens).
Hit, Jr., H. J.. New York City:
Alligator.
Hosan, W. C., New York City:
Horned Toads (4 specimens).
Hopces, Franx, Olathe, Kansas:
Coyotes (2 specimens).
Horrman, Apert L., Syosset, L. L.:
Troupials (2 specimens).
Hoimes, Orro, New York City:
Purple Gallinule.
Hovey, Dr. EK. O., New York City:
Gila Monster.
Hutse, Ricuarp J. E., New York City:
Golden Fronted Green Bulbul.
Insutt, SamvueEt, Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Hog-nosed Snakes (2 specimens).
Trewin, Ricwarp, New York City:
Alligator.
Jack, Joun M., Bradford, Pa.:
Sapajou Monkey.
Jackxowirz, Jacos, New York City:
Fish Crow.
JEFFREY, STEWART I.., Yonkers, N. Y.:
Porcupine.
JENKINS, A. G., New York City:
Squirrel Monkeys (2 specimens).
Jounston, Mastrr Epwin, New York City:
Alligators (2 specimens).
Kerezer, Master Maurtce, New York City:
Bat.
Kenier, Mrs. Wititam, West Pittston, Pa.:
Gray Fox.
Krnt, Leon P., New York City:
Crow.
144 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Kercuam, Irvine M., Glen Head, L. L.:
Marbled Salamander.
Kincaip, H. Gorpon, Boonton, N. J.:
13 Slimy Salamanders, 3 Red-Backed Salamanders, 3 Wood Frogs. ‘Total,
19 specimens.
Kintz, Miss Gerrrupve N., Cresco, Pa.:
Pair Mallard Ducks.
Kissam, Mrs. Maupre, New York City:
20 Canaries, 2 Nestlings. Total, 22 specimens.
Kiinzinc, Georce H., Danbury, Conn.:
Raccoons (2 specimens).
Knapp, CuHartes A., New York City:
Large Grub of Hercules Beetle.
Kwnezix, Arpert, New York City:
Snapping Turtle.
Kort, Mrs., New York City:
Purple Gallinule.
Korrsoun, Masrer Martin, New York City:
7 DeKay Snakes, 1 Common Garter Snake, 3 Garter Snakes. Total, 11
specimens.
Kunn, Mrs., New York City:
Box Turtle.
Lacumunp, F. C., New York City:
Common Opossum.
Larsen, Miss Myrtir, New York City:
White Rabbit.
Lawson, Mrs. E., New York City:
Canary.
Lawson, Miss Marcaurire, New York City:
Pair Marmosets.
Lee, Master Suetpon S., New York City:
Alligator.
Lr Frvre, H. Srwarp, Jamaica, N. Y.:
Mexican Deer.
Lempxke, Orro, New York City:
Wood Cock.
Levne, Fernanpo, New York City:
Milk Snake.
Lierrer, Louis, New York City:
Box Turtle.
Lixcoitn ZootocicaL Parx, through G. B. DeVry, Director, Chicago, IL:
2 Weasels, 2 Skunks.
Lowetu, Masrers Ricuarp ano Wiiiram, New York City:
Spotted Turtles (8 specimens).
Lyons, Masrer Atrrep, New York City:
White Rabbit.
McCourt, Franx, Mount Vernon, N. Y.:
Black Snake.
MclIturnny, E. A., Avery Island, La.:
Water Snakes (10 specimens).
Macx’s Birp Emportum, New York City:
Opossum.
Maceio, A., New York City:
Tarantula.
Matmsporc, Master G. A., Yonkers, N. Y.:
Flying Squirrel.
Marsu, Mrs. Turopore McCurpy, East Orange, N. J.:
Tovi Parakeets (2 specimens).
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT
Marrett, Cuartes E., New York City:
Muskrat.
Mayrr, Master Evcenr, New York City:
1 Spotted Turtle, 1 Box Tortoise.
Meptirr, A. S., Bronxville, N. Y.:
Great Horned Owl.
Meeker, Miss Caruertne, Maplewood, N. J.:
Cumberland Terrapin.
Meyer, Irvine, New York City:
Black Crowned Night Heron.
Meyn, Miss Exste, New York City:
Painted Turtle.
Micuars, F. R., Dutch Kills, L. 1.:
Mourning Dove.
Mitts, von SrycKen, New York City:
Red Shouldered Hawk.
Mitiwarp, Russert Hastincs, New York City:
Gila Monsters (2 specimens).
Mircnert, Miss M., New York City:
Alligator.
Morricx, Dr. E., Ward’s Island, N. Y.:
Black Crowned Night Heron.
Monrrose, Mrs. Nyetitr, New York City:
Canary.
Morean, C. W., Warwick, N. Y.:
Garter Snakes (20 specimens).
Morris, C. H., McConnelsville, Ohio:
Great Horned Owl.
Morris Higu Scuoor, Biology Department, New York City:
Leopold Snakes (27 specimens).
Movtton, Mrs. Artuur Jurian, New York City:
2 Peafowl, 2 Sulphur Crested Cockatoos.
Mvrpuy, Tuomas J.. New York City:
Painted Turtle.
Mvurriuy, Vernon, New York City:
Alligator (2 specimens).
Musrarp, Carr. E., New York City:
Alligators.
NaEGELEN, Jor, New York City:
Central American Boa, Scorpion.
NesmituH & Constantine, New York City:
South American Spider.
Nevitxte, Miss Anira, Somerville, N. J.:
Alligator.
NEwMAN, JoHN L., New York City:
Yellow-Naped Amazon Parrot.
New York QuersracHo Extract Company, Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Black Tegu.
Nicuoras, Francis, Tucson, Arizona:
Gopher Rats (6 specimens).
Nicnorts, Mrs. R. W., New York City:
Alligator.
Norman, Evwin, New York City:
Screech Owls (2 specimens).
Norton, Exior, New York City:
6 White Rats, European Goldfinch.
Persina, Geo. J., Evansville, Ind.:
Monkey-faced Owl.
146 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Potiocxk, G. F., Skyland, Va.:
Timber Rattlesnake.
Pomet, Raymonp J., Bayonne, N. J.:
Alligator.
Porrer, Mrs. A. L., New York City:
White Java Sparrows (2 specimens).
Pyne, Mrs. Moses T'aytor, Princeton, N. J.:
Rhesus Monkey.
Rercer, Master Herpert, New York City:
Wood Turtle. ;
Ricxarp, G. L., New York City:
Glow Worm.
Rog, C. M., Roseville, N. J.:
Duck Hawk.
Rorrtxer, H. R., Port Orange, Fla.:
Coral Snake.
Romanorr, Perer, New York City:
Raccoons (2 specimens).
Roosa, Harvey, E., New York City:
Gray Wolf.
Roussy, E., Coney Island, N. Y.:
Horned Toads (10 specimens).
Ruppert, Jacos, New York City:
Wood Ducks (3 specimens).
Russett, Ricnarp H., Mt. Holly Spring, Pa.:
1 Timber Rattlesnake, 1 Copperhead Snake, 1 Milk Snake.
ScHeeL, Cuarites A., New York City:
Alligator.
ScueuBNer, Miss Fripa, Tompkinsville, S. L.:
Yellow Fronted Amazon.
Scuutye, Miss Ina E., Bronxwood Park, N. Y.:
Crow.
Server, Lupwic, Colchester, Conn.:
Screech Owl.
Sens, A., Irvington, N. Y.:
American Sparrow Hawk.
Suipman, Miss Lyte, Los Angeles, Cal.:
Horned Lizard.
Simon, C., New York City:
American Sparrow Hawk.
Srncriamr, H. N., New York City:
Alligator.
Sxinner, E. D., Tarrytown, N. Y.:
Virginia White-Tailed Deer.
Smiriu, Georce A., Norwalk, Conn.:
Alligator.
Smirn, Henry B., New York City:
1 Diamond Backed Turtle, 1 Cumberland Turtle.
Smirn, Mrs. J. M., New York City:
Blue-Fronted Amazon Parrot.
Snyper, Master Henry, Scarsdale, N. Y.:
Albino Pond Frog.
Snyper, M., Bloomfield, N. J.:
2 Garter Snakes, 1 Water Snake.
SomMERMEYER, Oscar A., Passaic, N. J.:
Sharp Shinned Hawk.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 147
Speck, Dr. Franx, Phila., Pa.:
36 Slimy Salamanders, 6 Dusky Salamanders, 1 Red Salamander, 4 Two
Lined Salamanders, 2 Mountain Salamanders, 2 Red-Backed Salamanders,
1 Four-Toed Salamander, 1 Box Sheltopusick, 2 Pickering Tree Toads,
1 Garter Snake, 1 Black Snake, 1 Green Snake, 1 Ribbon Snake, 1
Water Snake, 1 Milk Snake, I DeKay Snake, 1 Box Tortoise, 1 Fence
Swift, 1 Anolis, 1 Newt. Total, 66 specimens.
SprnpiEr, J.. New York City:
Saw-Whet Owl.
Sprorrorp, Mrs. C. A., Norfolk, Conn.:
Hybrid Pheasants (2 specimens).
Stacy, Mr., Ist Officer S. S. Mohawk, care of Clyde S. S. Co., New York City:
Yellow-Billed Cuckoo.
Stay, Guy Exiswortu, New York City:
Tegu.
STEINER Bros., Jos.. New York City:
Opossum.
Sternuaus, Mrs. S. M., New York City:
Red-Billed Parrot. ;
StTEvENson, Miss Murter, Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Painted Turtle.
Stone, Aran, Falls Village, Conn.:
Painted Turtle.
Stroustanp, Miss Grace A., Rutherford, N. J.:
Purple Gallinule.
Stryker, Rosert S., Jefferson, N. Y.:
Red-Shouldered Hawk.
Swenson, Haroxtp, New York City:
Milk Snake.
Swirt, T. R., Mt. Vernon, N. Y.:
Purple Gallinule.
Tarspox, Miss Cora I., Essex Junction, Vt.:
Robin.
Taytor, Les. G., New York City:
Water Snake.
Trevis, Lansine S., San Francisco, Cal.:
Gila Monsters (2 specimens).
Tuomson, Mrs. A. E., Rutherford, N. J.:
Alligator.
Toru, Gaspar, Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Spotted Sandpiper.
Ursacu, Witr1am, New York City:
Screech Owl.
Vert, Dr. T., Brooklyn, N. Y.:
American Green Tree Snake.
Von Burewren, Georce, New York City:
Hog-nosed Snake.
Watrz, A. J.. New York City:
Alligator.
Warp, W. A., Port Chester, N. Y.:
Pair Rabbits.
WasusBurn, R. G., Jersey City, N. J.:
Alligators (2 specimens).
Watson, Miss Sara J., Rutherford, N. J.:
Alligator.
148 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
WEINBERG, J., San Francisco, Cal.:
12 Gopher Rats, 12 Trap Deer Spiders, 19 Hyla Regyla, 2 Pacific Rattle-
snakes, 6 Drayton Frogs, 1 Red Rattlesnake, 25 Swifts, 13 Horned
Toads, 2 Scorpions, 6 Geerhnotus, 4 Crickets, 5 Cal. Toads, 6 Worm
Salamanders, 5 Mice, 7 Boyle’s King Snakes, 2 Arizona King Snakes, 2
Red Coachwhip Snakes, 5 Pacific Garter Snakes, 1 Water Snake, 1
Striped Racer, 1 Western Garter Snake, 2 Ring-Necked Snakes. Total,
139 specimens.
Weiss, Miss Carnot, New York City:
Alligator.
WENzEL, Sr., E., New York City:
1 Milk Snake, Spotted Turtle, 2 Wood ‘Tortoises, Copperhead Snake.
West, N. E., New York City:
Sair-Whet Owl.
Wesrcorr, Mrs. Davin, Jersey City, N. J.:
White Rat.
Witiiamson, Mrs. J. D., New York City:
Pair Ocelots.
Woon, J. Warrer, New York City:
Great Blue Heron.
WortruHincton, C. C., Shawnee-on-Delaware, Pa.:
3 Orange Weavers, 6 Baltimore Orioles, 3 Black-Headed Weavers, 2 Orchard
Orioles, 2 Zebra Finches, 1 White-Crowned Sparrow, 1 White-Headed
Jay Thrush, 1 White-Throat Sparrow, 1 European Jay, 8 Song Spar-
rows, | European Starling, 2 Chipping Sparrows, 2 Red-Crested Cardi-
nals, 2 Fox Sparrows, 1 Himalayan Whistling Thrush, 1 American
Magpie, 2 Lesson Mexican Motmots, 3 Tree Sparrows, 1 Madagascar
Weaver, 5 Juncos, 1 Three-Colored Mannikin, 2 White-Bellied Nut-
hatches, | Napoleon Weaver, 2 Indigo Buntings, 1 Long-Tailed Mama-
qua Dove, 1 Chickadee, 2 Bonham Rock Partridges, 4 Rose-Breasted
Grosbeak, 2 Bald Eagles, 1 Black-Headed Grosbeak, 3 Purple Grackles,
2 Arctic Towhees, 5 Red-Winged Blackbirds, 5 American Goldfinches,
2 Crowbirds, 2 Scarlet Tanagers, 1 Woodhouse Jay, 1 Yellow-Breasted
Chat, I Meadowlark, 1 Phoebe, 11 Cedar Waxwings, 3 Robins, 1 Robin
Song Thrush Hybrid, 2 Catbirds, 2 Wood Thrushes, 3 Canaries, 1 Brown
Thrasher, 16 Barbary Turtle Doves, 1 Prairie Horned Lark, 10 Mourn-
ing Doves, 2 Bluebirds, 2 Mourning Dove 'Turtle Hybrids, I Blue-Fronted
Amazon Parrot. Total, 143 specimens.
Wotrsoun, Max, New York City:
1 Opossum, | Raccoon.
Younc, Miss Mitprep, New Rochelle, N. Y.:
Prairie “Dog.”
Plants
BY GIFT.
Brown, Mrs. Perer, Southampton, N. Y.:
Kentia Belmoreana (2 specimens).
Bucxow, Orro, New York City:
Rubber Plant.
Scunavrer, Jonn H., New York City:
12 Aspidistras, 12 Curculigo, 10 Calla Lillies, 2 Davallia Ferns, 1 Stanhopea
Orchid. Total, 37 specimens.
National Collection of Grads and Gorns
BY GIFT.
Davipson, J. L., Lockport, N. Y.:
White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Freak Antlers.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 149
DickERMAN, Watson B., Mamaroneck, N. Y.:
Tibetan Argali (Ovis hodgsoni). Mounted Head.
Kactr, Jonn H., New York City, and others:
Himalayan Ibex (Capra ibex). Mounted Head.
Harrison, ArcuiBatp, Washington, D. C.:
Tamarou (Philippine Buffalo) (Bubalis mindorensis). Mounted Head.
Harrison, Hon. Francis Burton, Manila, P. I.:
Philippine Caraboa (Bos indicus). Horns.
Puiturs, Dr. Joun C., Wenham, Mass.:
Arabian Ibex (Capra nubiana sinaitica). Skull and Horns.
Porrer, Witson, Philadelphia, Pa.:
Black Mountain Sheep (Ovis stonei). Head Skin and Mounting.
BY PURCHASE.
Southern White Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros simus). Front Horn.
Uganda Giratte (Giraffa rothschildi). Mounted Head.
Gallery of Paintings
BY GIFT.
“A FRIEND”:
Bronze Bust of Gorilla, “Dinah,” executed by Miss Eugenie Shonnard.
THompson, Mrs. Frepertck Ferris, New York City:
Oil Painting, “Portrait of a Lioness,’ by Rosa Bonheur, size 31 x 37 inches.
Wilh Life Protection
U. S. Government’ (through the Collector of the Port of San Francisco) :
For exhibition purposes, 1046 specimens from Japan, China, India and
other portions of the Orient, including egrets, and the feathers, wings,
tails and entire skins of birds used for millinery purposes. Seized at
the San Francisco Custom House.
AT THE AQUARIUM.
BY GIFT.
AMENT, Mr. Samuet, New York City:
Snapping Turtle.
American Lossrer Distrinutrnc Co., New York City:
Lobster.
Bercer, Miss Vicrorta, New York City:
Goldfish (2 specimens).
Bestece, Mr. H., Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Alligator.
Bisyor, Mr. Freperrck, New York City:
Mounted specimen of Blackfish.
Borcer, Mr., Canarsie, L. I.:
Moonfish,
Brennetis, Hon. Henry, Cardenas, Cuba:
Giant specimen of sponge.
Bruce, Mr. EK. K., Thornburg, Lowa:
Fancy Goldfish (12 specimens).
CnitpreN’s Museum, Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Alligator, Cumberland Turtle, 2 Bull Frogs.
Cuirrorp, Mr. M. J., New York City:
Snapping Turtle.
150 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Connetty, Mr. F. J., Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Mud Turtle. ;
Date, Mr. J. M., Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Alligator (2 specimens).
Darrcu, Mr. Georce C., New York City:
Wood Turtle.
Dawtrey, Mr. Rospert W., Passaic, N. J.:
Miller’s Thumb (6 specimens).
Detmarte, Master Perry, Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Painted Turtle (2 specimens).
Dien1, Mr. Georce, Jr., New York City:
Wood Turtle, Painted Turtle.
Ers, Mr. Vincent, Staten Island, N. Y.:
Green Turtle.
Georce, Mr. Arruur E., New York City:
Water Toad.
GortsLeEBEN, Mr. Emit, Nassau, Bahamas:
Hawksbill Turtle.
GreEemMAN, Mr. E., New York City:
Amazon Turtle.
Hansen, Master Morten, Jersey City, N. J.:
Painted Turtle.
Hoxins, Mr. G. V., Islip, Long Island, N. Y.:
Diamondback Terrapin (2 specimens).
Keuier, Master Epwarp, Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Alligator.
Kestcr, Mr., New York City:
Alligator.
Ketrcnam, Mr. Irvine M., Glenhead, Long Island, N. Y.:
3 Bull Frogs, 27 Salamanders, 13 Crayfish. Total 43 specimens.
Kirsset, Mr. J. R., New York City:
Alligator.
Kane, Mr. A. M., Loomis, N. Y.:
Alligator.
Kine, Mr. B. W., New York City:
Spotted Turtle.
Kwapp, Mr. Warp, Yonkers, N. Y.:
Orange Filefish.
Konorop, Mr. M. E., Jersey City, N. J.:
Fresh-water Mussel (4 specimens).
Kramer Broruers, New York City:
Snapping Turtle.
Krorman, Mr. Epwin V., Astoria, Long Island, N. Y.:
Snapping Turtle.
Lampson, Mr. G. H., Baird, California:
7 Yellow-bellied Salamanders, 5 Brown Salamanders.
Lapam, Miss ApeLameE, New York City:
Box Turtle.
Lauprr, Mr. C., New York City:
Mud Puppy.
Masir, Mr. Cuarztes H., New York City:
Quantity of Yellow Perch Eggs.
Marsu, Mr. O. F., Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Loggerhead Turtle.
Mavtrnnorr, Mr. F. C., New York City:
Sumatra Fishes (6 specimens, 5 varieties).
McKwnicut, Master R. S., New York City:
Alligator.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 151
Meizett, Mrs. Harry, New York City:
Alligator (3 specimens).
Memiroxp, Mr. Joserpu, New York City:
Reeves Terrapin.
Morcan, Mr. C. W., New York City:
13 Painted Turtles, 6 Wood Turtles, 1 Snapping Turtle, 2 Musk Turtles.
Total, 22 specimens.
Muuper, Mr. R., New York City:
Fel.
Mutter, Mr. Frev, New York City:
Box Turtle.
Neaves, Mr. Epwarp D., Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Slider Turtle, Cumberland Turtle.
Netspury, Mr. Leo, Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Snapping Turtle.
New Jersey Fis Commission (through Hon. E. Napier, Commissioner), Tren-
One Nem ie
15 Large-Mouth Black Bass, 4 Small-Mouth Black Bass, 3 Calico Bass, 7
Pickerel, 31 Yellow Perch, 29 Sunfish, 5 Brook Trout, 3 Rainbow Trout,
16 Brown Trout, 26 Landlocked Salmon. Total, 139 specimens.
New York Grose, New York City:
1 Skate, 2 Winter Flounders, 3 Dogfish, I Angler, 10 Sea Scallops, 4 Mud
Star Fish, 2 Mussels, 2 Hermit Crabs, 2 Sea Cucumbers, 1 Whelk, 1
Natica, 1 Conch, Lot of Barnacles. Total, 30 specimens.
Nye, Mr. Josepu K., New Bedford, Mass.
Porpoise (8 specimens).
Orts, Mr. Witiiam, New York City:
Alligator (2 specimens).
Parapis—e Brook Trour Harcuery, Parkside, Pa.:
Brook Trout (26 specimens).
Pasco, Mr. S. N., New York City:
Goldfish.
Peck Sur Fisu Co., New York City:
Soft-shell Turtle.
Preperscen, Mr. Artine, Jersey City, N. J.:
Alligator.
RauuHauser, Mr. Lours, New York City:
Painted Turtle (3 specimens).
Rooney, Mr. James, New York City:
Painted Turtle.
RosensaumM, Mr. Samuetr, Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Snapping Turtle.
Ross, Mr. C. J., Liverpool, England:
Crocodile.
Ruruerrorp, Mr. Tuomas W., Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Alligator (2 specimens).
Scuorrmann, Mr. Frepertcx, Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Green Turtle.
Suurtierr, Mrs. R. M., New York City:
2 Aquaria and Miscellaneous aquarium implements.
Smyziz, Mr. Anotpue E., Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Snapping Turtle.
Sourn Sipe SrorrsmEeN’s Crus (through Mr. George P. Slade, President), Oak-
dale, Long Island, N. Y.:
Rainbow Trout (22 specimens).
Srarmer, Mr. Witiiam Austin, New York City:
Golden Orfe.
Srevens, Mr. Crrarzes, Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Catfish.
152 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Swatripce, Mr. W. O., Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Penguin.
TrirBsweTTeR, Miss Ametta, Astoria, Long Island, N. Y.:
Alligator.
Trost, Mr. A., New York City:
Bull Frog.
U. S. Bureau or Fisuertes, Washington, D. C.:
1,000,000 Whitefish Eggs, 5,000 Brook Trout Eggs, 1,000 Land-locked Salmon
Eggs, 1,000,000 Yellow Perch Eggs, 500,000 Pike Perch Eggs, 25,000
Black-spotted Trout Eggs. ‘Total number of Fish Eggs received, 2,531,-
000. 1 Hair Seal, 67 Brook Trout.
Wuire, Mr. I. G., New York City:
Alligator.
Witriams, Miss Epona, Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Seahorse (2 specimens).
Witson, Mr. P. A., Staten Island, N. Y.:
Spiny Boxfish.
Wotr, Mr. Frank, Staten Island, N. Y.:
Snapping Turtle.
Work, Mr. Joun P., Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Green Turtle.
Wos, Mrs. JeEnNriE, New York City:
Cumberland Turtle.
Youne, Caprarn Caru C., New York City:
Rock Crab, 2 Large Lobsters.
Younc, Mr. Franx C., Wantagh, Long Island, N. Y.:
Alligator.
BY EXCHANGE.
Brinn, Mr. W. L., New York City:
2 Acara bimaculata, 2 Cichlasoma cyanoguttata.
Brown, Mr. E. C., Copake, New York:
Pickerel (12 specimens).
Farrmount Park Aguarium, Philadelphia, Pa.:
51 Suckers, 6 Large-mouth Black Bass, 15 Catfish, 91 Calico Bass, 5
Brook ‘Trout.
Fammont Park Aquarium AND Boston Aquarium:
2 Nassau Groupers, 6 Dog Snappers, 5 Gray Snappers, 11 Blue-striped
Grunts, 5 Yellow Grunts, 11 White Grunts, 4 Muttonfishes, 4 Scamp,
2 Ocean Triggerfishes, I Queen Triggerfish, 3 Common Triggerfishes,
2 Red Groupers, 2 Yellow-finned Groupers, 2 Black Groupers, 2 Sea
Catfishes, 12 Black Angelfishes, 8 Blue Angelfishes, 1 Spadefish, 2 Mar-
gatefishes, 2 Green Morays, 1 Porgy, 30 Porkfishes, I Runner, 2 Shark
Suckers, 2 Red Hinds, 3 Rock Hinds, 1 Graysby, 10 Rainbow Parrot-
fishes, 2 Chubb, 8 Schoolmasters, 8 Spot Snappers, 3 Bream, 2 Yellow
Tails, 2 Red Hogfishes, 3 Squirrelfishes, 2 Tom Tates, 1 Southern Puffer,
1 Blue Parrotfish, 1 Butterflyfish, 4 Sergeant Majors, 12 Beau Gregory,
2 Jewfishes, 1 Cowfish, 2 Trunkfishes, 4 Spiny Lobsters, 4 Stone Crabs,
6 Gray Grunts.
Jacoss, Mr. A., New York City:
Girardinus guppy) (6 specimens).
Luoyp, Mr. C., Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Haplochilus latipes (20 specimens).
New York Conservation Commisston, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, N. Y.:
Rainbow Trout (36 specimens).
Sumner, Mr. F. N., Elizabeth, N. J.:
Pickerel (4 specimens).
Warrert, Mr. Jutes, New York City:
Paradisefish (3 specimens).
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 153
Che Aquarium Libraru
BY GIFT.
American Museum or Narurat History, New York City:
Annual Report and Journal.
Brookiyn Institute or Arts AND Sciences, Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Annual Report, Museum News and Quarterly.
Carnecie INstirution or Wasnineton, Washington, D. C.:
Special Papers.
CuiLpren’s Museum, Bedford Park, Brooklyn, N. Y.:
Bulletin for 1915.
InutNors Stare Lasporarory of Narurau Hisrory, Urbana, IIL:
Publications for 1915.
JENNINGS, Mr. C. E., New York City:
Fishing Gazette.
LoutstaNa Conservation Commission, New Orleans, La.:
Report 1912-14.
Minnesota GAME AND Fistt Commission, St. Paul, Minn.:
Bulletin.
Montana Game anno Fisu Commisston, Helena, Mont.:
Ist Biennial Report, 1913-14.
Natrronat Museum, Washington, D. C.:
Bulletin for 1915.
New York Conservation Commission, Albany, N. Y.:
Report of State Fish Culturist.
PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF FisHeERtIEs, Harrisburg, Pa.:
Report 1913-14.
SmirHsonian INstirution, Washington, D. C.:
Special Papers for 1915.
U. S. Bureau or Fisueries, Washington, D. C.:
Report and Bulletin for 1915.
Virernta Commission or Fisueries, Richmond, Virginia:
Report 1913-14.
Wineatr, Mr. Harotp, New York City:
Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.
CHARTER
OF THE
NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
CHAPTER 435, LAWS OF 1895.
AN ACT to incorporate the New York Zoological Society and to provide for the
establishment of a zoological garden in the city of New York.
As amended by Chapter 146 of the Laws of 1902; and by Chapter 240 of the
Laws of 1910.
See Chapter 432 of the Laws of 1900.
See Chapter of the City of New York, Secton 626 of the Laws of 1901.
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly,
do enact as follows:
Secrion 1. Charles A. Dana, Oswald Ottendorfer, Andrew H. Green, William
H. Webb, Henry H. Cook, Samuel D. Babcock, Charles R. Miller, George G.
Haven, J. Hampden Robb, Frederick W. DeVoe, J. Seaver Page, Rush C. Haw-
kins, David James King, Wager Swayne, Charles A. Peabody, Jr., Charles E.
Whitehead, Charles R. Flint, Samuel Parsons, Jr., Mornay Williams, Henry E.
Gregory, Isaac W. Maclay, Isaac Rosenwald, Hugh N. Camp, Andrew D. Parker,
Cornelius Van Cott, William F. Havemeyer, Frederick Shonnard, William W.
Thompson, Alexander Hadden, Edward L. Owen, John H. Starin, Rush S. Huide-
koper, William W. Goodrich, Albert H. Gallatin, Frederick S. Church, Edward
C. Spitzka, Robert L. Niles, Madison Grant, C. Grant La Farge, William Van
Valkenburg, and such other persons as may, under the provisions of its by-laws,
become members of the corporation hereby created, are hereby created a body
corporate and politic, by and under the name of the New York Zoological Society.
Sec. 2. Said corporation shall have power to establish, maintain and control
zoological parks, gardens, or other collections for the promotion of zoology and ~
kindred subjects, and for the instruction and recreation of the people. Said cor-
poration may collect, hold, and expend funds for zoological research and publica-
tion, for the protection of wild animal life, and for kindred purposes, and may
promote, form, and co-operate with other associations with similar purposes, and
may purchase, sell, or exchange animals, plants, and specimens appropriate to the
objects for which it was created.
Sec. 3. The managers of said corporation shall have power to make and
adopt by-laws for the management and government of its affairs and business,
for the admission, suspension, and expulsion of its members, and for the terms
and conditions of membership; to prescribe the number and mode of election of
its officers; to define their duties; to provide for the safe-keeping of its property,
and from time to time to alter and modify its by-laws.
Sec. 4. The affairs and business of said corporation shall be managed and
controlled by a board of managers, the number of whom shall be prescribed by
the by-laws. The first board of managers shall be divided by lot into three
classes, equal in number, one of which classes shall hold office for one year, an-
other for two years, and the other for three years; and all persons elected to be
managers at any subsequent election shall hold office for three years, and until
others are elected in their stead. There shall be a president, two vice-presidents,
treasurer and secretary, to be elected by the board of managers annually, who
shall hold office until others are elected in their stead. The first meeting under
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 155
this act may be held at any time upon a notice of five days, signed by any five
of the incorporators named in the first section of this act, fixing a time and place
for such meeting, a copy whereof shall be mailed to each of said incorporators at
his usual post-office address, and twelve of such incorporators shall be a quorum
for the purpose of organization, adoption of by-laws, and election of officers. No
manager of said corporation shall be interested, directly or indirectly, in any con-
tract concerning its property or affairs.
Sec, 5. Said corporation may raise money by the issue of bonds, secured
by a mortgage on any or all of its property not acquired from said city or state.
Sec. 6. Said corporation may take, purchase, and hold real and personal
estate necessary for the purpose of its incorporation, and shall possess the general
powers and be subject to the restrictions and liabilities prescribed in Article II
of Chapter 23 of the Consolidated Laws entitled “General Corporation Law,”
being chapter 28 of the Laws of 1909.
Src. 7. The commissioners of the sinking fund of the said city are authorized
in their discretion to allot, set apart, and appropriate for the use of said corpora-
tion, any of the lands belonging to said city north of One Hundred. and Fifty-
fifth street, but not in the Central Park, and such appropriation may be revoked
if, after the expiration of five years from the passage of the act, a zoological
garden is not established thereon; said grounds thus set apart and appropriated
shall be used for no purpose whatsoever except those aforesaid. As soon as any
lands are set apart the Mayor of the said city of New York, and the President
of the Department of Parks of said city, shall become and be ex-officio members
of the board of managers of said corporation. If at any time the animals now
composing the menagerie at Central Park shall be removed therefrom by the
authorities having charge thereof, said authorities may make an arrangement
with the incorporators named in this act or the corporation formed by them for
leasing or sale of such animals to such incorporators or corporation, and said
incorporators or corporation shall have a preference over any other person or
corporation in respect thereto upon the same terms which said authorities could
make with any such other person or corporation, or upon such other terms as to
such authorities may seem proper, but nothing herein provided shall be construed
as giving the commissioners of the Department of Public Parks authority to sell,
lease, transfer, or in any other wise dispose of said animals or other property
connected with or belonging to said menagerie.
Sec. 8. Admission to the said gardens shall be free to the public for at least
four days, one of which shall be Sunday, in each week, subject to such rules and
regulations as shall be prescribed by said corporation.
Sec. 9. This act shall take effect immediately.
NEWYORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
AND THE
NEW YORK AQUARIUM
CHAPTER 441. LAWS OF 1902.
AN ACT to authorize a further appropriation to the New York Zoological
Society for the support of the New York Aquarium.
As amended by Chapter 239 of the Laws of 1910.
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senute and Assembly,
do enact as folloz:s:
Chapter four hundred and forty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred and two,
entitled “An act to authorize a further appropriation to the New York Zoological
Society for the support of the New York Aquarium,” is hereby amended to read
as follows:
156 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Srction 1. The Board of Estimate and Apportionment of the City of New
York may annually, in its discretion, include in the budget for the then next en-
suing financial year, in addition to any sum or sums which may be appropriated
for the adequate support and maintenance of the New York Zoological Park or
gardens, situated in the borough of the Bronx, and administered and controlled
by the New York Zoological Society, a further sum or sums, in its discretion, for
the use of the said New York Zoological Society, provided, however, that the addi-
tional appropriation hereby authorized shall be made only in case an agreement
is entered into between the said New York Zoological Society and the City of New
York, acting by its Board of Estimate and Apportionment for the adequate keep-
ing, maintenance, extension, preservation and exhibition of the building and ap-
proaches thereto and collection of aquatic animals and plants contained therein,
known as the New York Aquarium, situated in the Battery park in the Borough
of Manhattan in said city, and also for furnishing opportunities for study, re-
search and publication in connection with said collections, which contract the said
Board of Estimate and Apportionment is hereby expressly authorized, in its
discretion, to make upon such terms and conditions as may be agreed upon with
the said New York Zoological Society, and which contract shall also provide how
the duty of the commissioner of parks for the boroughs of Manhattan and Rich-
mond in respect to maintaining the said aquarium now imposed upon him by
law shall be performed.
Sec. 2. This act shall take effect immediately.
BY-LAWS
OF THE
NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL. SOCIETY
AMENDED TO JANUARY 21, 1914.
ARTICLE I.
MEETINGS OF THE SOCIETY.
Section 1. The office and place of business of the New York Zoological
Society shall be in the City of New York, unless otherwise ordered.
Sec. 2. The Society shall hold its annual meeting for the election of Man-
agers, and other business, on the second Tuesday of January, or such day there-
after during the month of January to which said annual meeting shall adjourn.
Sec. 3. Special meetings of the Society shall be called by the Secretary, upon
the request of the President or the Chairman of the Executive Committee, or at
the written request of ten members.
Sec. 4. Notices of all meetings shall be mailed to each member of the Society
at least three days before such meeting.
Sec. 5. At meetings of the Society twenty members shall constitute a quorum.
Sec. 6. The order of business shall be as follows:
. Roll Call.
. Reading of minutes not previously read.
. Report of Executive Committee.
Report of Secretary.
Report of Treasurer.
Report of the Director of the Zoological Park.
. Report of Director of the Aquarium.
. Election of Managers.
. Communications.
. Miscellaneous business.
. Reports and resolutions.
DWH oF S WO
—_
— ©
ARTICLE Ii.
BOARD OF MANAGERS.
Sec. 1. The Board of Managers shall consist of thirty-six members, together
with the Mayor of New York and President of the Park Board, or Commissioner
for the Bronx, who shall be members ex-officio of the Board.
Sec. 2. Nineteen Managers shall constitute a quorum, but ten Managers may
transact current business, and adjourn, subject to the subsequent approval of a
meeting at which a quorum shall be present.
158 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Sec. 3. The Board of Managers shall hold an annual meeting on the third
Tuesday of January, or on such day thereafter to which said annual meeting shall
adjourn. Regular meetings of the Board may also be called by the Secretary on
the third Tuesdays of October and April upon the request of the President or
Chairman of the Executive Committee. Special meetings of the Board shall be
called at any time by the Secretary upon the request of the President or Chair-
man of the Executive Committee, or at the written request of five Managers.
Sec. 4. Notices of meetings of the Board shall be mailed to each Manager
at least three days before such meetings.
Sec. 5. The successors to the outgoing class of Managers shall be elected by
the Society at its annual meeting, but vacancies in the board may be filled for the
unexpired term by the Board of Managers, or by the Executive Committee.
Sec. 6. A Nominating Committee shall be annually appointed by the Execu-
tive Committee, and shall consist of three members of the Society at large, who
shall nominate and post ten days before the annual election the names of twelve
persons to succeed the outgoing class of Managers in a conspicuous place in the
office of the Society.
Sec. 7. No person shall be eligible for the election to the Board of Managers,
except to fill vacancies, unless his name shall have been posted as a candidate
by such committee, or by not less than ten members, in writing, in a conspicuous
place in the office of the Society ten days before the annual election. All candi-
dates for election as Managers must be Life Members, Patrons, Associate Found-
ers, or Founders of the Society.
Sec. 8. Any Manager who shall fail to attend three consecutive meetings of
the Board, unless excused by a vote of the Board, shall cease to be a Manager.
Sec. 9. The Board of Managers shall at its annual meeting elect a President,
two Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, and Treasurer, who shall hold office for one
year, or until their successors are elected. The President, Vice-Presidents, and
Treasurer shall be members of the Board.
Sec. 10. The Director of the Zoological Park, the Director of the Aquarium,
and all other persons employed by the Society, shall be appointed by the Board
or by the Executive Committee, and shall hold office during the pleasure of the
Board.
Sec. 11. The Board shall, at its annual meeting, elect an Executive Com-
mittee and Auditing Committee, which shall hold office for one year, or until
their successors are elected. The Board of Managers and the Executive Com-
mittee shall also have authority to appoint such other Committees or officers as
they may at any time deem desirable, and to delegate to them such powers as
may be necessary.
Sec. 12. The order of business of the meetings of the Board shall be as
follows:
. Roll Call.
. Reading of minutes not previously read.
. Report of Executive Committee.
Report of Secretary.
Report of Treasurer.
Report of Auditing Committee.
Report of Director of Zoological Park.
. Report of the Director of the Aquarium.
. Election of Officers.
10. Election of Committees.
11. Election of new members.
12, Communications.
13. Miscellaneous business.
ODMDRH OS WwO re
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 159
Sec. 13. All reports and resolutions shall be in writing, and the ayes and
nays may be called on any resolution at the request of one Manager.
Sec, 14. Whenever the funds of the Society shall permit, the Board of Man-
agers or the Executive Committee may award medals or other prizes for merito-
rious work connected with the objects of the Society.
ARTICLE III.
OFFICERS.
Sec. 1. The officers of the Society shall consist of a President, two Vice-
Presidents, a Treasurer, a Secretary, and a Director of the Zoological Park.
These Officers, with the exception of the Director, shall be elected at the annual
meeting of the Board of Managers, but any vacancy may be filled for an unex-
pired term by the Board of Managers, or by the Executive Committee, until the
next annual election.
Src. 2. The President shall preside at all meetings of the Board and of the
Society, and shall be ex-officio a member of the Executive and Auditing Com-
mittees.
Src. 3. The Vice-Presidents shall, in the absence of the President, perform
his duties and possess his powers, acting in the order of their election.
Sec. 4. The Treasurer shall receive, collect and hold, subject to the order
of the Board of Managers, or the Executive Committee, all dues, subscriptions,
warrants from the City, fees and securities. He shall pay all bills as ordered by
the Board of Managers or the Executive Committee, and shall report to the
Society at its annual meeting, and to the Board of Managers at all regular meet-
ings, and to the Executive Committee at each meeting. He shall keep all moneys
and securities in some bank or trust company to be approved by the Board of
Managers or Executive Committee. The books of the Society shall at all times
be open to the inspection of the Managers.
Sec. 5. The Secretary shall be a salaried officer of the Society. He shall be
present, unless otherwise relieved by the Board or Executive Committee, at all
meetings of the Society, of the Board and of the Standing Committees. He shall
keep a careful record of all proceedings, shall have the custody of the seal,
archives and books, other than books of account, and shall conduct the corre-
spondence of the Society. He shall issue all notices and tickets, and shall per-
form such other duties as the Board may direct. He shall be a member ex-officio
of the Executive, Aquarium, and Auditing Committees, and of the Scientific
Council.
Sec. 6. The Director of the Zoological Park shall be elected annually by the
Executive Committee at a salary to be determined by said Committee, and shall
hold office until removed or his successor chosen by said Committee. He shall
be the responsible administrative officer of the Park, and shall recommend to
the Executive Committee candidates for the various positions in the Park. He
shall also perform all such other duties in connection with the business, scientific,
and literary administration of the Society as may be assigned to him by the
Executive Committee.
Sec. 7. The Director of the Aquarium shall be elected annually by the
Executive Committee and shall hold office until removed or his successor is
chosen by said Committee. He shall be the responsible administrative officer of
the Aquarium, and shall recommend to the Executive Committee all candidates
for positions in the Aquarium. The director of the Aquarium shall be ex-officio
a member and Chairman of the Aquarium Committee. He shall perform such
other duties in connection with the Aquarium as may be assigned to him by the
Executive Committee.
160 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
ARTICLE Iv.
COMMITTEES.
Sec. 1. There shall be two standing committees, the Executive Committee
and the Auditing Committee, which shall hold office for one year or until their
successors are elected.
Src. 2. The Executive Committee shall consist of seven Managers, together
with the President and Secretary of the Society ex-officio. Four members shall
constitute a quorum, and all meetings shall be called by the Chairman. The
Executive Committee shall fill all vacancies in its own number and shall have the
full powers of the Board of Managers, except so far as such delegation of power
may be contrary to law.
Sec. 3. The Executive Committee shall have the control and regulation of
the collections, library, and all other property of the Society, and shall have
power to purchase, sell, and exchange specimens and books, to employ and control
all officials and employees of the Society, Park, and Aquarium, and generally
to carry out in detail the directions of the Board of Managers and the terms of
any contract between the City, or Park Board, and the Society.
Sec. 4. All the rules and regulations for the examination of applicants for
the various positions in the Park and Aquarium shall be made or approved by
the Executive Committee.
Sec. 5. The Executive Committee may regulate the auditing and payment
for all current accounts.
Sec. 6. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint an Aquarium Com-
mittee, whose duties and powers are set forth in Section II of Article IV of
these By-Laws.
Sec. 7. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint a Nominating Com-
mittee, whose duties and powers are set forth in Sections 6 and 7, Article II, of
these By-Laws.
Sec. 8. It shall also appoint a Scientific Council, whose powers and duties
are set forth in Section 2 of Article V of these By-Laws.
Sec. 9. The Committee shall make a written report at each regular meeting
of the Board of Managers. :
Sec. 10. The Auditing Committee shall consist of three regular members of
the Society, in addition to the President and Secretary, members ea-officio, and
vacancies shall be filled by the Executive Committee. It shall be the duty of
the Auditing Committee to audit, annually, the accounts of the Treasurer, of the
Director of the Zoological Park, and of the Director of the Aquarium, and any
other accounts of the Society, and shall report to the Board of Managers at its
annual meeting.
Sec. 1l. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint an Aquarium
Committee, not to exceed eight members of this Society, who shall hold office until
their successors are chosen. All vacancies shall be filled by the Executive Com-
mittee. The Director of the Aquarium shall be ew-officio a member and the
Chairman of the Aquarium Committee, and such Committee may vest in him
any or all of its powers. The Chairman of the Executive Committee and the
Secretary of the Society shall also be ex-officio members of the Aquarium Com-
mittee. Three members shall constitute a quorum. The Executive Committee
may delegate to the Aquarium Committee such powers as it may deem proper.
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 161
ARTICLE V.
SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL.
Sec. 1. The Executive Committee shall annually appoint a Scientific Council
of not more than ten members, and shall fill all vacancies. Members of the
Council shall hold office until their successors are appointed.
Sec. 2. The duties of the Council shall be to act as an advisory board in all
matters pertaining to the scientific administration of the Society, and especially
as to the scientific features of the Park, the promotion of zoology by publications
and otherwise, and the preservation of the native fauna of America.
Sec. 3. Four members, including the Chairman, shall constitute a quorum.
The Chairman shall be elected annually by the Council. The Chairman of the
Executive Committee and the Secretary of the Society shall be members ex-officio
of the Council.
ARTICLE VI.
MEMBERS.
Sec. 1. The present members and such others as shall become associated
with them, under the conditions prescribed by the By-Laws, shall be members of
this Society as long as they shall comply with the By-Laws.
Sec. 2. Members failing to comply with these By-Laws, or for other good
and sufficient cause, may be expelled from the Society by the Executive Com-
mittee.
Sec. 3. Candidates for membership shall be proposed and seconded by mem-
bers of the Society. The name, occupation, and place of residence of every
member as proposed shall be submitted for election to the Board of Managers or
the Executive Committee, and such person, when elected, shall become a member
upon payment of the annual dues, or of the fees as prescribed below.
Src. 4. There shall be a class known as Fellows, which shall consist of
members of the Society who have rendered marked services to science, and shall
be chosen by the Executive Committee. The privileges of Fellows shall be in all
respects the-same as those of regular members of the Society, but they shall be
exempt from the payment of annual dues.
Sec. 5. The annual dues shall be ten dollars, payable in advance, on the
first day of May of each year, but the Executive Committee may remit the dues
for the current year in the case of members elected between January Ist and May
Ist of each year. The classes of membership shall be as follows:
Sec. 6. The payment of $200 at one time shall constitute any member a Life
Member.
A member who has paid annual dues for a period of five years may there-
after, at any time, upon the payment of the difference between the amount of
dues already paid and $200, become a Life Member, but such payment shall be
not less than $100.
Sec. 7. The payment of $1,000 at one time, or in the case of a Life Member,
of $800, shall constitute any member a Patron.
Sec. 8. The payment of $2,500 at one time, or in the case of a Patron of
$1,500, or of a Life Member of $2,300, shall constitute any member an Associate
Founder.
Sec. 9. Any member who shall donate to the Society $5,000, or property
of equal value, or any Associate Founder who shall donate $2,500, or any Patron
who shall donate $4,000, may be elected by the Board of Managers or Executive
Committee a Founder.
162 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Sec. 10. Any member who shall have donated to the Society ten thousand
dollars ($10,000), or its equivalent, may be elected by the Board of Managers
or the Executive Committee a Founder in Perpetuity. Such Founder in Per-
petuity shall have the power to designate by a last will and testament his suc-
cessor, who shall thereupon be entitled to all the rights and privileges of the
original Founder in Perpetuity, including the right of designating in turn his
successor.
Sec. 11. Any member who shall have donated to the Society $25,000, or its
equivalent, may be elected by the Board of Managers, or the Executive Committee,
a Benefactor. Benefactors shall have the rights and privileges of a Founder in
Perpetuity.
Sec. 12. Persons who have rendered marked service in the science of zoology
or natural history may be elected Honorary Members, but not more than three
such Honorary Members shall be elected in any one calendar year.
Sec. 13. A resident member who shall have rendered marked scientific or
professional services to the Society in any branch of its work may be elected by
the Executive Committee a Life Member, Patron, Associate Founder, or Founder.
A resident of New York who shall have rendered marked service in zoology or
natural history may be elected by the Executive Committee a Permanent Fellow.
Sec. 14. Non-residents who communicate valuable information to the Society,
or who have rendered marked service in the science of zoology or natural history,
may be elected Corresponding Members.
Src. 15. Benefactors, Founders in Perpetuity, Founders, Associate Found-
ers, Patrons, Life Members, Honorary Members, Permanent Fellows, Fellows,
and Corresponding Members shall be exempt from annual dues.
ARTICLE VII.
PRIVILEGES OF MEMBERS.
Sec. 1. A member’s ticket admits the member and his immediate family to
the Park on reserve days, and to all lectures and special exhibitions, and may be
used by the member’s immediate family, and shall be good for the current year.
Sec. 2. Admission tickets to the Park and Aquarium on reserve days are
issued to members for distribution, and are good for the current year.
Sec. 3. Each member of the Society is entitled annually to a member’s ticket
and to ten admission tickets.
Sec. 4. Each member shall also receive one copy of the catalogue or hand-
book, the report and official publication of the Society, and shall have all the
privileges of the Library and Member’s Building.
Sec. 5. No member shall be entitled to the privileges enumerated in this
Article unless his annual dues shall have been paid.
Sec. 6. The Life Members shall have all the privileges of members and ten
additional admission tickets.
Sec. 7. Benefactors, Founders in Perpetuity, Founders, Associate Founders
and Patrons shall have all the privileges of Life Members, and shall in addition
receive copies of all scientific works published by the Society.
Sec. 8. Any member who shall fail to pay his annual dues within three
months after the same shall have become due, and after notice of thirty days, by
mail, shall cease to be a member of the Society; subject, however, to reinstatement
by the Board of Managers or Executive Committee for good cause shown,
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 163
Src. 9. Any person elected to membership who shall fail to qualify within
three months after notice of his election shall be considered to have declined his
election; but such term may be extended by the Board of Managers, or Executive
Committee.
ARTICLE VIII.
FINANCES.
Sec. 1. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be the calendar year com-
mencing January Ist and ending December 31st.
Sec. 2. Neither the Society nor any of its Managers or Officers shall con-
tract any debt which, with existing debts, shall exceed in amount the funds then
in the Treasury, except to meet expenditures for which the City is liable, and for
which the Society will be reimbursed by warrants from the Comptroller's office.
ARTICLE IX.
AMENDMENTS,
Sec. 1. Amendments to these By-Laws may be proposed, in writing, at any
meeting of the Board of Managers, and adopted by unanimous consent of the
Managers present, or if such proposed amendment shall fail to receive unanimous
consent, the Secretary shall, with the notices of the next meeting, send a copy
of it to each Manager and state that it will be brought up for action at such
meeting, when it may be passed by a majority vote.
Andex
Accerssions, Aquarium, 121, 149
Accessions, Park, 140
Account, income, 42
Acknowledgements, 60
Akeley, C. E., 67
Animal census, 36, 38, 70
Animal fund, 43
Animal paintings, gallery of, 57
Animal paintings, subscribers to, 58
Aquarium census, 108
Aquarium committee, 12
Aquarium exhibits, 108
Aquarium improvements, 102, 108
Aquarium laboratory, 117
Aquarium maintenance, 41
Aquarium, officers of, 12
Aquarium repairs, 39
Attendance, Aquarium, 36, 115
Attendance, Park, 36, 66
Auditing, 59
Baker, George F., 58
Beebe, C. William, 38, 57, 69, 75
Beerbower, George M., 95
Benedict, Dr. Francis G., 83
Birds, appliances for attracting, 78
Birds, nesting, 78
Births, 69
Bishop, Frederick, 113
Blair, C. Ledyard, 57, 58
Blair, W. Reid, 71
Bourne, Frederick G., 58
Brazil, Dr. Vital, 82
By-Laws, 158
CaMPAIGN against abuse of Parks, 58
Carnegie, Andrew, 58
Carnegie Institution, 83
Carter, Donald, 57
Census,
animal, 36, 38, 70
Aquarium collection, 108
bird, 79
mammals, 70
reptiles and amphibians, 84
Cerero, R. L., 91
Charter, 154
Clark, George C., 43, 101
Collections, Aquarium, 38
Collections, Park, 36
Collections, Park, summary of, 84
Commission, Bronx parkway, 56
Cornell, Magistrate, 59
Corporate stock, 47
Costain, H. A., 85
Costain: HEL. 84
Crandall, Lee S., 75
Crane, Magistrate, 65
Dearus, important, 37
Deckert, Richard, 82
DeNyse, John J., 100
Department,
administration, 89
bird, 75
engineering, 95
forestry, 51, 84
mammals, 66
medical, 51
photography and publication, 97
reptiles, 81
Dickerson, Watson B., 43, 58, 60
Dieterich, Charles F., 58
Ditmars, Raymond L., 66, 81
Dodge, Cleveland H., 57, 58
Drake, G. 'Tyrwhitt- 57, 69
Drinking fountains, 85
East side extension, 52
Klephant,
Congo, 37
Gunda, 36
house, 49
Executive committee, report of, 35
Expedition, South American, 69
Farmers’ Loan and Trust Co., 42
Finances, 42
Forestry and construction, 84
Fund,
animal, 42, 43
Cadwalader animal, 42, 44
Carnegie pension, 45
endowment, 42, 43
income account, 42
library, 44
TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 165
maintenance, 46
National collection heads and
horns, 45
Park improvement and repair, 45, 87
pension, income account, 42, 47
Stokes’ bird, 42, 44
wild life protection, 42, 45
Game protection, 56
Gorilla, 37
Gould, George J., 57, 58
Grant, Chapman, 39
Grant, Madison, 60
Ground improvements, 84
Hamitron, Wm. Pierson, 49
Harkness, Edward S., 43, 58
Hartley, G. Innes, 57
Heads and horns, National collection,
45
Hill, James J., 57, 58
Hornaday William T., 56, 57, 58, 66
Hospital, animal, 49
House, Magistrate, 59, 64
Howes, Paul, 57
Huntington, George S., 124
Lamsson, G. H., 113
Lion, Sultan, 37
McApoo, Chief Magistrate William,
McAleenan, Joseph A., 58
McMillin, Emerson, 43
MacCallum, Dr. George A., 39, 119
Maintenance, Aquarium, 41
Maintenance, Park, 41
Managers, board of, 10, 55
Mason, Colbert, 84
Meetings, 54, 55
Membership, summary of, 33
Medical department, 51
Merkel, Hermann W., 84, 101
Mills, Ogden, 43, 58
Mitchel, Mayor John Purroy, 58
Mitchell, H. R., 89
Mitchell, Wm., 89
Mole, R. R., 82
Morguns, Dr. Sergius, 120
Morris, Lewis Rutherfurd, 58
Nizes, William White, 60
Nye, Joseph K., 109
59, 64
Osiruary, 39, 61, 92
Osborn, Henry Fairfield, 60
Osburn, Raymond C., 39
Park, maintenance, 41
Parkway Commission, Bronx, 56
Pathologist, Aquarium, 39
Pension board, 100
Pheasant monograph, 56
Photography and publication, 97
Prosector, report of, 123
Protection, game, 56
-Pyne, Percy R., 58, 60
Receptions, 54
Report,
auditor’s, 138
audit committee, Zoological
Society, 139
director, Aquarium, 102
director, Park, 63
executive committee, 35
pension board, 100
prosector, 123
treasurer’s, 125
veterinarian, 71
Rubbish campaign, 58
SanBorn, Elwin R., 97
Sanitation, 54, 107
Schermerhorn, F. Augustus, 58
Schiff, Mortimer L., 57, 58
Schley, Grant B., 43, 58
Snyder, Charles E., 81
Stacey, Samuel, 75
Sturgis, Frank K., 58
Tuomeson, Mrs. Frederick Ferris, 58
Thorne, Samuel, 35, 61
Tilford, Henry M., 43, 58
Townsend, Charles H., 122
Tropical research station, 57, 79
Woops, Police Commissioner, 55
Worthington, Charles C., 77
Zoouoeica, 78
Zoological Park, officers of, 12
Zoological Society,
members of, 13
officers of, 11
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