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FIFTY-THIRD
Annual Coni^ention
OF THE
Illinois
State Dairymen's
Association
Held at
Harrisburg, Illinois,
January ii, 12 and 13,
1927
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2012 with funding from
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
http://archive.org/details/annualreportof2753illi
C-p. 2-
?
HARRISBURG, ILLIJ^OIS
Harrisburg, one of the most progressive cities of Southern Illinois,
starting with a population of little over 2000 some twenty-five years ago,
now has a population of 12211 by a recent census. Growth has been
continuous. The surrounding rich farm lands and two veins of fine
coal which underlie them have permitted her permanent prosperity.
Her elegant banking houses, fine churches, two modern hospitals, public
library, retail and wholesale stores,
ice and cold storage plant, meat
packing establishment, her eight
modern school buildings, and the
attractive homes all attest to her
permanent prosperity.
Banking resources of Harrisburg
alone are approximately $6,000,-
000. Business is always good in
Harrisburg because the resources
are varied and the consumers save
their money to tide over the per-
iods when the work is less abun-
dant. The great number who own
their own homes and take pride in
their home city accounts for the
freedom from serious labor dis-
turbances and acts of violence.
The Harrisburg Township High
School has a large modern plant
and the largest attendance of any
high school in ''Egypt," the enroll-
ment being over 750. The city
school system of Harrisburg en-
rolls over 2500 children below the
ninth grade.
Saline County has 20 large mod-
ern coal mines. Six thousand peo-
ple are employed and the annual
mine pay roll is $5,000,000. The
daily capacity of the mines is 40,-
000 tons or the equivalent of nine
or ten train loads.
Harrisburg is on the Big Four Railroad, 70 miles from Cairo, 90
miles from Vincennes and 314 miles from Chicago. The electric line of
the Southern Illinois Railway & Power Co., extends sixteen miles from
Eldorado to Carrier Mills, Harrisburg being half way between the two.
The Illinois Central and the Louisville & Nashville Railroads connect at
Eldorado with St. Louis and points north and east. Bus lines run reg-
uarly between Harrisburg and St. Louis and intermediate points.
Five of the $60,000,000 bond issue state roads radiate from Har-
risburg leading to Chicago, St. Louis, Shawneetown, Metropolis, and
Elizabethtown and Golconda.
The scenery of Southern Illinois is unsurpassed in the state. The
^ greater part of Saline County lies north of the Saline river and is gen-
^ erally level or undulating. Parts of the three southern townships are in
^the Ozark Hill region where nature has carved marvels for the pleasure
rv- of the tourist or student. The ''Great Stone Face of Saline County" is
on a high cliff about ten miles southeast of Harrisburg. This cliff, sev-
eral miles long, stands out overlooking the county and is due to a huge
faulting of about 1200 feet. This and other phenomena of equal geolog-
ical interest afford pleasure to those who understand them or appreciate
their grandeur, and inspire awe in those to whom their beauty and
scientific interest are not revealed.
OLD STONE FACE
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
^ Office of Secretary,
Illinois State Dairymen's Association,
Chicago, 111., 1927.
To His Excellency, Len Small, Governor of the State of
Illinois: . - 1 ■
I have the honor to submit the official report of the
Illinois State Dairymen's Association, containing the ad-
dresses, papers and discussions at its fifty-second annual
meeting, held at Harrisburg, Illinois, January 11, 12 and
13, 1927.
Respectfully,
GEO. CAVEN, Secretary.
LIST OF OFFICERS
President —
W. S. O'HAIR, Paris, 111.
Vice-President —
S. J. STANARD, Springfield, 111.
Secretary —
GEORGE CAVEN, Chicago.
Treasurer —
CHARLES FOSS, Freeport.
Directors —
W. S. O'HAIR, Paris, 111.
S. J. STANARD, Springfield. 111.
JOHN STELLE, McLeansboro, 111.
T. P. SMITH, Danville, 111.
C. M. FILSOM, Salem, 111.
J. R. PHILLIPS, Sesser, III.
CHAS. FOSS, Orangeville, 111.
HARLAN SEE, Paris, 111.
GEORGE CAVEN, Glencoe, 111.
W. S. O'HAIR, President
Paris, 111.
GEO. CAVEN, Secretary
Glencoe, 111.
CHAS. FOSS, Treasurer
Orangeville, 111.
S. J. STANARD, Vice-President
Springfield, 111.
CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF THE
ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
Name and Purpose
Section 1. The name of this Association shall be the
''Illinois State Dairymen's Association." Its general pur-
poses shall be to promote the dairy interests of the State of
Illinois and to disseminate knowledge concerning the same,
to bring about more economical production of dairy prod-
ucts, the production of a better quality of dairy products,
and to increase the consumption of dairy products.
Membership
Section 2. Any person who is a resident of the State
of Illinois and who shall pay into the treasury of the asso-
ciation the sum of one dollar, shall be a member of the
association until the first day of the opening of the next an-
nual convention. Any person who is a resident of the
State of Illinois and who shall pay into the treasury of the
association the sum of four dollars shall be a member of
the association for a period of five years from the first day
of January preceding the date of said payment. Any per-
son who is a resident of the State of Illinois and who shall
pay into the treasury of the association the sum of ten
dollars shall be a life member of the association and shall
be exempt from payment of any dues with the exception
of special assessments, which may be made by the Board of
Directors on all members, which assessments shall not total
more than fifty cents per member in any one year.
Honorary members may be elected by vote at any
annual meeting of the association in recognition of services
rendered to the dairy interests of the state, and such mem-
bers shall be entitled to all privileges of membership with
the exception of voting for officers, and shall be exempt
from all dues and assessments.
6 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
Management
Section 3. The full management of the affairs of the
association shall be in the hands of the Board of Directors,
which shall consist of a president, vice-president and five
directors. Four members of the Board of Directors shall
constitute a quorum to do business.
The Board of Directors may adopt such rules and reg-
ulations as they shall deem advisable for the government
and conduct of the business of the association and may ap-
point such committees as they shall consider desirable.
They shall also make a biennial report to the Governor
of the state of the expenditures of the moneys appropriated
to the association and arrange the program and order of
business for the same.
Elective Officers
Section 4. The president, vice-president and Board of
Directors shall be elected by ballot at the first annual meet-
ing of the association. Only five-year or life members shall
be eligible^ for election to the elective offices or Board of
Directors. A plurality vote shall elect.
The elective officers and Board of Directors shall take
office immediately following their election and shall hold
office for one year or until relieved by successors who have
been duly elected and qualified.
Any vacancy which may occur among the Board of
Directors or officers may be filled by the Board of Directors
for the unexpired term.
Appointive Officers
Section 5. The Board of Directors shall appoint the
secretary and treasurer who shall take office upon the first
day of July following their appointment and shall hold
office until relieved by duly appointed and qualified suc-
cessors.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION
Headquarters
Section 6. The headquarters of this Association shall
be where the secretary has his place of business.
Annual Meeting
Section 7. The association shall hold its annual meet-
ing at such place and time as shall be determined by the
Board of Directors, not less than thirty days in advance.
Duties of the President
Section 8. The duties of the president shall be to pre-
side at the meetings of the association and of the Board of
Directors. It shall be his duty, together with the secretary,
to arrange a program and the order of business for each
regular annual meeting of the association and of each meet-
ing of the Board of Directors and upon the request of five
members of the association, it shall be his duty to call spe-
cial meetings of the Board of Directors, or he may call
meetings at such times as he deems advisable.
During the first day of the annual meeting of the asso-
ciation, the president shall appoint in open meeting a com-
mittee consisting of three members of the association, which
committee shall place before the convention nominations for
officers and directors of the association for the ensuing year,
their report to be made not less than three hours after their
appointment. The president shall at the time of the ap-
pointment of the nominating committee indicate in open
meeting when the election of officers shall take place.
The president may, at this meeting, appoint whatever
other committees that to him may seem advisable.
The president shall be a member ex-officio of all com-
mittees either appointed by him or by the Board of Di-
rectors, with the exception of the nominating committee.
Duties of the Vice-President
Section 9. In the absence of the president, his duties
shall devolve upon the vice-president.
8 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
Duties of the Secretary
Section 10. The secretary shall record the proceedings
of the association and of the Board of Directors. He shall
keep a list of the members, collect all the moneys due the
association and shall record the amount with the name and
postoffice address of the person so paying, in a book to be
kept for that purpose. He shall pay over all moneys to the
treasurer, taking his receipt therefor. It shall also be his
duty to assist in making the program for the annual meet-
ing and at the close of the said meeting compile and pre-
pare for publication all papers, essays, discussions and
other matter worthy of publication and cause to be pub-
lished and distributed to members at the earliest day pos-
sible and shall perform all such other duties pertaining to
his office as shall be necessary. Any compensation for the
services of the secretary shall be established by the Board
of Directors.
Duties of the Treasurer
Section 11. The treasurer shall before entering upon
the duties of his office, give good and sufficient bond to the
directors of the association with one or more sureties to be
approved by the Board of Directors, which bond shall be
conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of
his office. He shall account to the association for all mon-
eys received by him by virtue of said office and pay over
the same as he shall be directed by the Board of Directors.
No moneys shall be paid out by the treasurer except upon
order signed by the president and countersigned by the sec-
retary. The books or accounts of the treasurer shall at all
times be open to the inspection of the members of the
Board of Directors, and he shall at the expiration of his
term of office, make a report to the association of the condi-
tion of its finances and deliver to his successor the books of
account, together with all moneys and other property of
the association in his possession or custody. The treasurer's
bonding fee, if there be any, shall be paid by the associa-
tion.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 9
Quorum
Section 12. Seven members of the association shall
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but a-
lesser number may adjourn.
Amendments
Section 13. This constitution and by-laws may be
amended at any annual meeting by a vote of not less than
two-thirds of the members present. Notice of the proposed
amendment or amendments must be given in writing and at
a public meeting of the association at least one day before
any election can be taken thereon. This constitution and
by-laws may also be amended by unanimous vote of the
Board of Directors present at a meeting called for that pur-
pose, written notice stating purpose of meeting having been
sent to all members of the Board not less than ten days pre-
ceding date of meeting.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 11
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION ILLINOIS
STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
Holding a dairy convention in a section of the state
notable for coal production appeared doubtful when sug-
gested, but the request for the meeting was so strongly
backed by the business men of Harrisburg, that doubt was
removed. And the business men made good on all their
representations with the result that the Fifty-third Annual
Convention of the State Dairy Association was a remarkable
success and no doubt will bring to that section of the state
the benefits expected from such a meeting.
The convention was held Tuesday, Wednesday and
Thursday, Jan. 11, 12 and 13, 1927. It opened Tuesday
with a parade of dairy cattle in the exhibit, the parade be-
ing headed by the Junior High School band. Following the
parade Mayor Patterson gave an address of welcome to
which Chas. Foss of Freeport, 111., a director of the asso-
ciation, responded.
Response to the Address of Welcome by the Mayor of
Harrisburg to the Illinois State Dairy Meeting, January 11,
1927, by Chas. Foss.
I am sure that every visiting member of the Illinois
State Dairymen's association highly appreciates the hearty
welcome which has just been extended to us by Honorable
Mr. Patterson, mayor of your city and I feel highly honored
to be called upon to respond to this address.
The membership of the Illinois State Dairyrtien's Asso-
ciation is composed of dairy farmers and others who are in
any way interested in dairy farming, either as manufactur-
ers of dairy products or dairy utensils as well as members
of the faculty of our state university and state department
of agriculture at Springfield.
The object of this association is to bring to the dairy
farmer the latest and best information that is available
on the subject of economic milk production. While it has
12 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
always been the aim of the directors of this association to
prepare a good program, I am happy to say that the pro-
gram prepared for the next three days of this convention is
one of the best. Every man that is to appear on the pro-
gram is an expert in his line and will bring you first hand
information on the subject of economic milk production.
Dairy Farming Builds up the Sail
The history of Agriculture in all civilized nations shows
that grain farming is usually the first type of farming de-
veloped. The next stage in the history of agriculture is a
decline in the fertility of the soil and in grain production —
the result of long cropping. This results in greater atten-
tion in livestock of all kind. As a rule, the first cattle in-
dustry of any magnitude is that of beef raising, which is
followed by a gradual change to dairy farming combined
with more or less general farming. When this stage is
reached the fertility of the soil is maintained and may be
greatly increased if the best methods of dairy farming are
practiced.
The dairy districts of Europe have gone through these
stages; They were at one time chiefly grain producing re-
gions, and later engaged in beef production.
A considerable portion of the United States, especially
the eastern part, has already passed through these succes-
sive stages. This is true of New York, Pennslyvania, Ohio,
Wisconsin and Michigan, as well as northern Illinois. In
southern Illinois you have been practicing grain farming
until the virgin fertility of your soil has been very much de-
pleted. You are now just beginning to turn your attention
to the dairy cow to arrest the further depletion of your soils
and if possible to restore the fertility of your soil that was
depleted by grain farming. I want to say to you this after-
noon that the dairy cow is equal to the task if you farmers
will do your part and give her a chance.
The most practicable means of keeping up the fertility
of the soil is the use of farm manure, made possible by the
keeping of a liberal number of livestock. Man has used
dairy products as far back as history records and recent dis-
T. P. SMITH
Danville, 111.
C. M. FILSON
Salem, 111.
JOHN STELLE
McLeansboro, 111.
J. R. PHILLIPS
Sesser, 111.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 13
coveries by Dr. McCullom, as well as other scientists, that
the vitimins so essential to the proper nourishment and de-
velopment of the growing child are found in milk and dairy
products only. These facts are now taught the mothers in
the homes as well as to our high school pupils the result
of which has been that the demand for milk and dairy prod-
ucts of all kinds has increased much faster than the increase
in production of dairy products.
These facts furnish a firm foundation for the faith of
the dairy farmer in the permanent character of his industry
not only so far as soil fertility is concerned but for a re-
munerative market for his product as well. Because of
better market for dairy products the dairy farmer has not
suffered nearly as much financial loss in the depression
through which we are now passing as has the grain farmer.
There has been no surplus of dairy products in this country.
The demand has always equalled the supply and with the
educational campaign now conducted all over this land
relative to the necessity of dairy products in the diet of
growing children as well as grown up people it is going to be
a long time before the day comes when we will have a sur-
plus.
It is a well established fact that it is possible to main-
tain soil fertility where grain crops are sold from the farm
provided as much fertility is bought in the form of commer-
cial fertilizer or grown with legumes as is removed by the
crops. This, however, is seldom if ever done. So far, in
our history, grain selling has meant selling soil fertility from
our farms that had been stored up in the past ages. On
the other hand wherever intensive dairy farming has been
practiced for some time soil fertility has not only been main-
tained but has been increased. This is explained by the
fact that for every ton of corn sold from the farm $8.38
worth of fertility is removed ; For every ton of clover or
alfalfa hay that is sold nearly $11.00 worth of fertility is
removed. In a ton of wheat $9.33 is removed. A ton of
wheat bran removes $15.28 worth of fertility; a ton of
'linseed meal $26.20 and a ton of cotton seed meal removes
nearly $31.00 worth of fertility.
14 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
On the other hand dairy products take very little fer-
tility from the farm in proportion to their selling value. A
ton of milk removes $2.49 worth of fertility v^hile a ton
of butter removes only $.64 v^orth. But this does not tell
all the story. The dairy farmer usually is a purchaser
rather than a seller of grain and by this means adds con-
stantly to the fertility of the farm. On a well managed dairy
farm legumes are grown and it is usually the case that high
protein by-products such as linseed meal, cotton seed meal
or bran are purchased to balance home grown grains. Not
only do these by-products furnish the needed protein to bal-
ance the ration but also furnish a large amount of fertility
for the farm. The fact is that cottonseed meal at present
prices can be purchased for just about its fertilizer value.
The special value of the dairy cow as a domestic animal
arises from her ability to consume and digest large amounts
of roughage and convert it into milk and meat suitable for
the digestion of man.
The hog exceeds all other animals in regard to the
amount of meat produced from a given amount of feed but
it can only use a limited amount of roughage. It must de-
dend largely on grain for its food.
Sheep can utilize roughage but other factors prevent
the keeping of sufficient numbers to use the immense quan-
tities of roughage available from the growing of crops.
The production of large amounts of roughage is nec-
essary in connection with the growing of crops and we must
depend largely upon the cow and the steer to convert this
roughage into a form suitable for human food. The cow is
a much more economical producer of human food than is the
steer.
Professor Eckles has found in comparing the milk
production of a Holstein cow with a steer weighing 1250
pounds that the 18,405 pounds of milk, the production of
this particular cow in a year, contained 2218 pounds of
dry matter while that of the steer contained 548 pounds.
The milk produced by the cow contained more than four
times as much dry matter as that of the steer. The dry
matter of the cow's milk is all edible and digestible while
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 15
that of the steer contained hair, hoof, the digestible organs,
bones and lungs much of which is not edible. Professor
Eckles also compared the milk produced by three ordinary-
Jersey cows; three Holsteins and three Ayrshires and found
that the average production of these nine cows contained
nearly twice as much dry matter as did that of the 1250
steer. It took the steer two years to grow this carcass and
then had to be killed to make it available as food while
the dairy cow was ready to repeat her performance for six
or eight more years.
There is another advantage to dairy farming which ap-
peals to the farmer — especially to the farmer with limited
capital — and that is the quickness and certainty of the re-
turns. This is not true of grain farming or even of live-
stock farming. In localities where dairying has been gen-
erally followed it is usually the case that large barns and
commodious homes many of which have all modern conveni-
ences are found on farms whose soil is in a high state of
cultivation.
I do not want any one here this afternoon to get the
idea that all that is necessary to succeed in the dairy
business is to get some cows; turn them out in the corn field
and let them hustle for a living. You will never succeed if
you proceed in this manner.
Any one engaged in milking cows on a commercial
scale does so with the intention of making money at the
dairy business. No one wants to keep cows at a loss or for
pleasure. While the possibilities for success in the dairy
business are better than in grain farming it is true, however,
that not every one engaged in dairying is making money
at it.
There are three essentials to successful dairying, with-
out any one of these you will not be likely to succeed. The
first essential to economic milk production and profits in
the dairy business is good cows that can take the crops we
grow on our farms and convert them into milk and butter
fat at a profit. The second essential is to feed the cow the
right kind of feed and give her the proper care so that she
can produce milk economically, and the third is to grow the
16 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
crops on the farm that are best suited to feed the dairy cow.
These essentials cover the entire field of dairy farming.
The more we study and supply them the better success we
will have.
The entire program of the three days of this convention
is based on these three essentials. Every speaker on the
program will speak on one o rmore of these essentials. This
afternoon Professor Rhode will tell us how to select the
good cow. He will point out some of the leading character-
istics so essential to a good dairy cow.
Professor Frazer will tell you something about sweet
clover. If you cannot grow alfalfa hay in southern Illinois
you can grow sweet clover for pasture and soy beans for
hay.
Professor Morrison of Wisconsin will tell you not only
how to feed the dairy cow a balanced ration but also how
to feed an economical ration as well. He is a recognized
authority on feeding farm animals.
Professor Hooper will tell you something about breed-
ing the dairy cow, Professor Caldwell will tell you how to
feed the dairy calf so that it will develop into a good dairy
cow.
This program would not be complete if Professor R. E.
Muckelroy of the Southern Illinois Normal University at
Carbondale did not appear on it. Professor Muckelroy is
your fellow citizen. He grew up in southern Illinois and I
am safe in saying that he understands the needs of southern
Illinois soils as well as the needs of the southern Illinois far-
mers better than any other college man. Not only has he
been teaching the theory of soil improvement and better
farming to the boys that have come under his instruction
but he has carried these theories out in actual practice on
his own farm right here in southern Illinois. I am sure he
will have a message for you that will be worth listening to.
The sole aim in bringing this convention to Harrisburg
as well as the aim of the committee in preparing this pro-
gram has been to help the farmers of southern Illionis solve
the problem of soil fertility by helping you get started in
the dairy business.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 17
Gentlemen this is your convention, use it. Get all the
good out of it you can. Be free to ask questions of any of
the speakers. I am sure they will be glad to answer them.
Let us make this one of the best conventions ever held in
southern Illinois or anywhere else for that matter.
Again I thank you for the cordial welcome which you
have just extended to us.
Prof. C. H. Rhode of University of Illinois took charge
of the remaining part of the program for the afternoon
which consisted of individual and team judging of dairy
cattle. Prof. Rhode first gave a lecture on cattle judging,
pointing out from cattle taken from the exhibit the points
that distinguish a dairy animal. Most of the individuals
who entered in the judging contest and the teams entered
had had some experience in judging. There were nine
teams representing high schools as follows:
METROPOLIS: Boyd Harper, Noah Quint, and Wil-
liam Wheeler.
MARION: Lloyd Sparks, Earl Walker and Henry Phil-
lips.
MOUNT VERNON : Albert Warner, Kelly Harlow and
Clarence Greer.
HERRIN : Earl Legan, Hubert Bloodworth and Walter
Bennett.
EQUALITY: Clyde Monday, Louis Mitchell and Roy
McDaniel.
ELDORADO: Warner Glascock, Charles Stinson and
Jesse Hall.
SESSER: Harry Brown, Joe Klyn. .
FLORA : Elmer Colclasure, Duncan Dow and Elsworth
Robertson.
MURPHYSBORO: Alva Culley, Earl McEntire, Wal-
ter Thompson.
18 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
A team composed of six members of Saline County Calf
clubs also was entered in the judging.
HARRISBURG : Calf Club team, Ivalene Thomas, Fred
Patterson, Tom Patterson, Team No. 1. Birtus Holland, Joe
Hatcher, Nola Hatcher, Team No. 2.
The placings by points in the judging contest were as
follows:
High schools: Flora, 527; Metropolis, 515; Marion,
506; Equality, 504; Eldorado, 498; Herrin, 482; Sesser,
475 ; Murphysboro, 462 ; Mt. Vernon, 434 ; Harrisburg Calf
Club team number 2, 460 ; team composed of Nola Hatcher,
Birtus Holland, Joe Hatcher, Harrisburg Calf Club team
number 1, 438; team composed of Tom Patterson, Fred Pat-
terson, Ivalene Thomas.
The high individual scores were as follows: Ellsworth
Robertson, Flora, 195; Jesse Hall, Eldorado, 185; Earl Le-
gan, Herrin, 183; Earl McEntire, Murphysboro, 180; Henry
Phillips, Marion, 179; Louis Mitchell, Equality, 177.
Winners of Calves
The association had offered dairy calves as prizes in a
membership campaign and the six highest who won these
prizes are : Wanda Ivalene Thomas, Harrisburg, who en-
rolled the most members and won a bull and a heifer;
Champ Davis, Harrisburg, second; Harlan Austin Swango,
Paris, third; Herman Thomas, Georgetown, fourth; Edw.
Timpner, Jr., Pinckneyville, fifth and A. J. Andrews, Flora,
sixth. Each received a registered purebred heifer of the
dairy breed they prefer. As a result of this membership
campaign, the Illinois Dairymen's Association now totals ap-
proximately 2,000 members, ranking foremost among the
dairy associations in the United States.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 19
CATTLE EXHIBIT PRIZE WINNERS
The following are the winners in the cattle exhibits in
connection with the dairy convention:
For Any Dairy Breed — For the best dairy calf or heifer club
under two-year-old, not less than three animals to be shown:
1st prize — $40.00 Tom Patterson, Jr. ; Fred Patterson,
Jr., and Frank Patterson.
2nd Prize — $20.00 Howard James, Harold and Dick
Carpenter.
3rd Prize — $10.00 Nola Hatcher, Joe Hatcher and
Roy Thornsberry.
Club Cows — 2 years old and over, owned by Club members :
1st Prize — $15.00 Mary Louise James.
2nd Prize — $10.00 Nola Hatcher.
3rd Prize— $7.00 Frank Patterson.
4th Prize — $5.00 Emmette Foster.
Club Heifers — One year old and under two :
1st Prize— $1.00 Tom Patterson, Jr.
2nd Prize — $7.00 Roy Thornberry.
3rd Prize — $5.00 Fred Patterson, Jr.
4th Prize — $3.00 Howard James.
Club Calf — Under one year old.
1st Prize— $10.00 Harold James.
2nd Prize — Mary Louise James.
3rd Prize — $5.00 Roy Thornberry.
4th Prize— $3.00 Kenneth Rice.
Open classes to all exhibitors for State Cattle in Jersey,
Guernsey, Holstein and Ayrshire breeds owned by
one person or firm:
Jersey Bull — 2 years and over:
1st Prize— $10.00 J. R. Phillips.
Guernsey Bull — 2 years and over:
1st Prize— $10.00 Ernest Higgins and Son.
20 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
Holstein Bull — 2 years and over:
1st Prize — $10.00 E. Guy Pixley.
Ayshire Bull — 2 years and over:
1st Prize — $10.00 Walter Baldwin.
2nd Prize — $5.00 Fred Patterson.
Jersey Bull — 1 year and under two:
1st Prize— $10.00 J. R. Phillips.
Ayrshire Bull — 1 year and under two:
1st Prize — $10.00 Ernest Higgins and Son.
2nd Prize— $5.00 W. W. Riegel.
Ayrshire Bull — 2 years and over:
1st Prize— $10.00 Walter Baldwin.
2nd Prize— $5.00 Walter Baldwin.
Jersey Bull — Under 1 year old:
1st Prize— $10.00 J. R. Phillips.
2nd Prize — $5.00 R. L. Gates.
Guernsey Bull — Under 1 year old :
1st Prize — $10.00 Ernest Higgins and Son.
2nd Prize — $5.00 Roy Thornberry.
Holstein Bull — Under 1 year old:
Ayrshire Bull-^Under 1 year old :
1st Prize— $10.00 Walter Baldwin.
2nd Prize— $5.00 Walter Baldwin.
Jersey Cow — 2 years old and over:
1st Prize— $10.00 J. R. Phillips.
Guernsey Cow — 2 years and over :
1st Prize — $10.00 Ernest Higgins and Son.
2nd Prize — $5.00 Mary Louise James.
Holstein Cow — 2 years and over:
1st Prize— $10.00 E. Guy Pixley.
Ayrshire Cow — 2 years and over:
1st Prize — $10.00 Walter Baldwin.
2nd Prize — $5.00 Walter Baldwin.
Jersey Heifer — 1 year and under two :
1st Prize— $10.00 J. R. Phillips.
2nd Prize — $5.00 J. R. Phillips.
Guernsey Heifer — 1 year old and under two
1st Prize — $10.00 Ernest Higgins and Son.
2nd Prize — $5.00 Fred Patterson.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 21
Holstein Heifer — 1 year old and under two :
1st Prize — $10.00 E. Guy Pixley.
Ayrshire Heifer — 1 year old and under two :
1st Prize — $10.00 Walter Baldwin.
2nd Prize — $5.00 Walter Baldwin.
Jersey Heifer Calf — under 1 year old:
1st Prize — $10.00 R. L. Gates.
2nd Prize — $5.00 R. L. Gates.
Guernsey Heifer Calf — under 1 year old:
1st Prize — $10.00 Harold James.
Holstein Heifer Calf — under 1 year old:
1st Prize — $10.00 E. Guy Pixley.
Ayrshire Heifer Calf — under 1 year old :
1st Prize — $10.00 Walter Baldwin.
2nd Prize — $5.00 Walter Baldwin.
AGE HERD
BULL, 2 years old and over; cow 2 years old and over; cow,
1 year old; heifer calf:
Jersey — 1st Prize — $12.50 J. R. Phillips.
Guernsey — 1st Prize — $12.50 Ernest Higgins and Son,
Holstein — 1st Prize — $12.50 E. Guy Pixley.
Ayrshire — 1st Prize— $12.50 Walter Baldwin.
2nd Prize — $7.50 Walter Baldwin.
CALF HERD
One bull and two heifers, under one year old:
Jersey — $10.00 J. R. Phillips.
2nd Prize— $7.50 J. R. Phillips.
Guernsey — 1st Prize — $12.50 Ernest Higgins and Son.
2nd Prize — $7.50 Roy Thornberry, Harold James and
Mary Louise James.
Ayrshire — 1st Prize — $12.50 Walter Baldwin.
2nd Prize — $7.50 Walter Baldwin.
22 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
JUNIOR CHAMPION BULL
Jersey — $1.00 J. R. Phillips.
Guernsey Bull — $10.00 Ernest Higgins and Son.
Holstein— $10.00 E. Guy Pixley.
Ayrshire — $10.00 Walter Baldwin.
SENIOR CHAMPION COW
Jersey— $10.00 J. R. Phillips.
Guernsey — $10.00 Ernest Higgins and Son.
Holstein — $10.00 E. Guy Pixley.
Ayrshire — $10.00 Walter Baldwin.
JUNIOR CHAMPION COW
Jersey — $10.00 J. R. Phillips.
Guernsey — $10.00 Ernest Higgins and Son.
Holstein — $10.00 E. Guy Pixley.
Ayrshire — $10.00 Walter Baldwin.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 23
TUESDAY, JANUARY 11th
The feature Tuesday evening was a minstrel show
given by local talent under the direction of Mrs. C. A.
Taylor. Some of the characters were :
Aunt Dilly — Mrs. C. A. Taylor.
Lilly Vilet — Mrs. A. H. Favreau.
Ophelia — Mrs. T. D. Gregg.
Sis Des Demonia — Miss Edith Horton.
Cleopatra — Mrs. Harry Taylor.
Aunt Ca'line — Mrs. W. B. Hamilton.
Uncle Tobe — Taylor Ferguson.
Sambo — Gardner Bride.
Ebeneezer — J. Roy Staiger.
Rastus — Harry Reed.
Peruna — Mrs. D. L. Barthel.
Aunt Casey — Mrs. P. W. Sherman.
. Sarsparilly — Mrs. Ed Gaskins.
Eccelesiaste — A. O. Munday.
anuary — Mrs. Gertrude Hetherington.
Abe Lincoln — Bob Burnett.
Thomas Jeiferson — Charles E. Taylor.
Alabama — Mrs. Ethel Thompson.
Pearline — Mrs. Louie Davenport.
Isabell — Mrs. C. F. Elder.
Abalaster — Mrs. Lelia Johnson.
Pianist — Mrs. D. A. Lehman.
Florian Slapley — W. B. Hamilton.
Evans S. Chew — C. A. Taylor.
Jack Johnson — Alex Favreau.
Pickaninnies — Lewis Heister, Marion Webber Whitley,
Joe Ferrell, Roy Dorris, Frederick McKenzie, Phillip Dur-
ham, Juanita Hudgens, Fern Johnson, Jane Rose Whitley,
Margaret Dee Ferguson, Bonie Lee Nolen and Jane Lehman.
Director — Mrs. C. A. Taylor.
24 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 12th
FEED PRODUCTION AND CROP ROTATION
ON THE DAIRY FARM
Prof. Wilbur J. Eraser, University of Illinois
Dairy farming is really a business of two departments
— the dairy cattle and the farm crops. A dairyman must be
as good a farmer as he is a dairyman, for it does him no
good to have good cows and know the proper feeds to give
them unless he has an economical supply of these feeds in
sufficient quantity to allow him to produce milk at a profit.
Many good dairymen do not lay enough stress upon the
matter of feed production and crop rotation, and as a re-
sult, spend the portion of their receipts which should be
profit, for feed, thus getting nowhere.
A dairy rotation must be planned with certain definite
things in mind, and the dairyman must realize that his
problem in cropping is to properly feed his cows. Too
many dairymen at present grow practically the same crops
that their grain farmer neighbors do, and as a result their
cows either suffer from lack of feed or must be fed pur-
chased feed to make up the deficiency, whether it be a
lack of protein, short pasture, or what not.
The good dairy rotation must do three things:
One — Supply the proper quantity and quality of feeds
to keep the dairy cows producing at their maximum
throughout the year, which means that the dairy is then
making its maximum profit.
Two — Provide for the most profitable utilization of the
land by growing the most profitable crops and at the same
time maintaining and increasing soil humus and nitrogen.
Three — Provide for the distribution of labor so that the
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 25
labor available can be kept profitably employed through-
out the year.
It is indeed fortunate that over a vast majority of
the dairy districts of the United States, the demand of the
dairy cow for high protein hay, the necessity for the use of
the most profitable crops on the land, and the need of the
soil for nitrogen and humus all dovetail together so well
where an alfalfa hay — sweet clover pasture — corn silage
program, as will be discussed later, is followed.
Must See it Through
A man should not enter into a rotation system lightly,
but with the determination to see it through, for a rotation
is a long time proposition, and a man must have the fore-
sight to see its advantages and then work out the practical
difficulties which arise. No man can foresee the future, but
if his business is founded on correct principles, he need not
fear it.
What a Good Rotation Will Do for the Cows
The rotation meets the requirements of the cows in
the winter by providing the proper amounts of good rough-
age and grain year after year. Good alfalfa hay and corn
silage form the basis for a most, or perhaps I should say, the
most economical ration. In fact, with the larger breeds
giving up to 20 pounds of 3.5% milk a day, and with the
smaller breeds giving up to 12 pounds of 5% milk a day,
these two feeds are all that are necessary if fed to the cows*
capacity. Beyond these rates of production, home-grown
grains can be added according to the cows' production, be-
cause alfalfa provides such a large amount of high class
protein.
All this means that instead of paying out large amounts
of money for feed every year, the dairyman will be supply-
ing all his own feed and will no longer be carrying the
burden of cash outlay for feed every year. Every dairy-
man can figure for himself what a saving this can mean to
him.
26 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
Sweet clover pasture is six months pasture, instead of
only a two or three months pasture. The second year crop
can be pastured earlier in the spring than bluegrass and
will carry a cow to each % acre. In the fall the first year
sweet clover in the grain stubble takes over the task of
keeping the cows supplied with an abundance of pasturage
of the very best quality. Where permanent pasture is avail-
able on land that can be used for no other purpose, its
carrying capacity can be greatly increased by sowing and
disking in sweet clover two years in succession, as sweet
clover reseeds itself only every other year. With the sweet
clover in the small grain stubble, this will greatly shorten
or eliminate the summer feeding to supplement poor
pastures.
A Good Rotation Means Efficient Use of Land
Land must be planted to the most profitable crops to
make a large return to the operator. Corn for silage is
found on most dairy farms as its value is well known and
the crop easy to grow. The crop which should be its insep-
arable companion is found more seldom, and that is alfalfa,
which produces twice as much tonnage per acre as the
other legume hay crops and almost three times as much
protein. Every acre planted to alfalfa instead of the other
hay crops, releases an acre of land to be used for other cash
crops. In this way, a farmer can achieve the same result by
growing fifteen acres of alfalfa to supply thirty cows as if
he purchased or rented fifteen more acres of land. How-
ever, by substituting alfalfa, he does not have to work the
additional acres nor pay taxes on them. Other legumes
may be grown while the land is being prepared for alfalfa,
but they should be considered only as stepping stones to
the more profitable alfalfa, which every farmer should
make every effort to grow.
Pasture on tillable land has always been considered
an expensive crop, but pasture is a necessity for dairy cows,
though looked upon as a necessary evil in the past. Sweet
clover has changed all this by making the land produce
six months pasture instead of two or three, while it cuts
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 27
the necessary area of pasturage in half. Where it takes an
acre and a half of bluegrass, three quarters of an acre of
sweet clover will do a much better job of supplying a cow
with all the green feed she wants, and cows never produce
better than on good pasture. Where thirty cows are kept
twenty-two and a half acres of sweet clover will do the
job formerly requiring forty-five acres, and will not require
supplementary summer feeding of hay and silage as when
bluegrass dries up in July and August.
Under the system outlined above, a legume will be on
the land used to support the dairy two out of three years.
Instead of robbing posterity, this rotation stores up fertility
for its use, since 75% of the nitrogen may be recovered in
the manure and returned to the land while a large amount
will be left in the roots and refuse in the field, which also
supply humus.
Rotation a Means of Controlling Plant Disease
A rotation also helps to control plant diseases and in-
sects. Corn root rot is an example of such a disease, while
the corn root louse is held in check the same way. But
what may prove to be the greatest advantage of a good
rotation such as has been cited is that it can be used to
control the European corn borer which is so rapidly sweep-
ing westward across the continent and is already in Illinois.
One of the very best controls so far discovered has been to
put all the corn grown in the silo, for the ensiling process
kills the borer while the borer does not harm the legumes.
The dairyman can continue his business about as before,
while it looks as if the cash corn growers would be about
ruined for a time.
Rotation Means Better Labor Distribution and More
Diversification
Labor is utilized to better advantage under a good
rotation, for the labor requirements on different crops come
at different times, thus keeping labor fully employed and
reducing the strain of peak loads which occur where the
28 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
cropping system is not properly diversified. Knowing just
what crops are to be grown next year, the farmer can tell
what work can be done to prepare for them during the slack
seasons of the year, while in the spring one task follows
another in orderly fashion.
By diversifying his cropping system, the farmer great-
ly increases his financial stability. The old saying, "Don't
put all your eggs in one basket," still holds good and by
growing a number of crops as well as the more certain crops
such as alfalfa, a man can insure the regularity of his in-
come.
The rotation must be planned with a long time view as
to what combinations of crops and what size dairy will be
most profitable over a series of years. Each farmer knows
about how much labor he has available and about the num-
ber of animals he wishes to keep. Besides the cows, the
young stock, the work horses, and other kinds of stock must
be considered in laying out the farm. In order to be suc-
cessful a rotation should be planned for a definite number
of animals so that they will at all times be assured plenty
of feed, for production comes after the animal is maintained
and to keep producing at top pitch, the cow must have all
the feed she needs. An abundance of feed insures dairy
profits.
The fields should be laid out so as to be of about equal
size in order that nearly the same amount of feed will be
available each year. Plenty of good roughage is the guide
in laying out the farm plan. On 45 bushel corn land, ex-
perience has shown that it takes about:
1/^ acre of alfalfa per cow.
1/2 acre of corn for silage per cow.
% acre of sweet clover pasture per cow.
The larger breeds may need a little more but the smaller
ones can hardly utilize the full amount. These amounts
may vary depending on the section of the country and
the fertility of the soil.
The rotation must usually be planned around the pas-
ture. On tillable land, the pasture acreage is so much larg-
er than the alfalfa acreage required that the best plan is
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 29
to put them into two rotations with different sized field.
A rotation planned in this way might be as follows:
In one set of fields of the same size:
Alfalfa — corn for silage — small grain, seeded to sweet
clover except the year a new alfalfa seeding is established.
In another set of larger fields:
Sweet clover pasture — corn — small grain seeded to
sweet clover.
The alfalfa may be left down as long as the stand is
good. The extra seeding of sweet clover in this part of the
rotation is very desirable as it prevents too close pasturing
of the sweet clover in the other half of the rotation, which
is to be used for pasture the next year. The year alfalfa
is changed, the old field may be pastured as it is no longer
necessary to preserve the stand.
Another plan is to leave all the fields the same size.
If alfalfa is grown over the whole of one of the fields, there
may be more than is needed at home and for sale. In this
case a part of the field may be plowed up and used for a
patch of other crops. Where permanent pasture on untill-
able land is available, the rotation must be planned in ref-
erence to it. Sometimes a bulegrass pasture can be rein-
forced with sweet clover successfully. Since the amount of
permanent pasture varies with every dairy farm, no exact
rules can be laid down for the rotation except that it must
supply sufficient alfalfa and corn silage for the winter and
enough other additional pasturage or other crops to feed
the dairy when the permanent pasture dries up. No one
rotation fits every farm, but some rotation can be worked
out for each farm. Once a farmer really sees the advantage
of and wants a rotation, he can generally work one out
that is satisfactory.
An acid soil is the only stumbling block in the way of
the adoption of a much more profitable rotation on most
farms, and this condition continues to exist in spite of the
fact that the price of a good cow will buy a carload of
limestone which will cover from twelve to twenty-five acres.
Take the lower figure of twelve acres and consider that
twelve acres of alfalfa will provide high protein hay for
30 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
twenty-five cows for the winter, returning the cost of lime-
stone the first year, while the effects of the limestone will
last for ten or more years. A tremendous saving in feed
cost is available to most dairymen by a change in rotation,
and were this idea fully grasped by all dairymen, the rail-
roads would be unable to draw limestone as fast as the
dairymen would want to apply it.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 31
Address of Stillman J. Stanard, Director of Agriculture of
Illinois, and Vice-President of the Illinois State
Dairymen's Association, Delivered at the
1927 Convention in Harrisburg, 111.
"Mr. President, and friends: I came here with no in-
tention of delivering an address, or of making a set speech,
before this body. I just want to talk to you. You can hardly
realize what it means to me to have this opportunity to meet
with you again, and to see for myself, the good work that
is going forward for the advancement of the dairy industry
in Illinois.
"The interest manifest in this splendid convention is
evidence of the progress dairy farming in Illinois is record-
ing. From the oldest members present, who have witnessed
wonderful changes in the methods on the farms throughout
this state, to the youngsters who compete in judging dairy
cattle — all are striving for a better, more profitable agri-
culture, in this highly important branch.
"It is difficult to over estimate the importance of the
dairy industry in Illinois. Last year, the cows that were
milked on the farms in this state, produced in revenue
$101,000,000.00 — an important item in the income of the
farmers of the state.
"Progress in dairy farming in Illinois, brought about
by just such men as you, who are here today, has made
dairying our hundred million dollar industry. The improve-
ment of the herds, through selective breeding, and the at-
tention to the all-important details of proper feeding and
proper care, and the advanced methods of handling the
product of the cow, have helped to increase the extent and
the quality of Illinois dairy products.
"Dairying is an important phaze of farming, because
it is a permanent, self-perpetuating form of farming.
When we look back over the history of this nation, as it is
linked with the farming activities of our ancestors, we find
that the original plan of the pioneers who tilled the soil was
32 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
to produce principally grain crops. Within a comparatively
few years, the fields of the East, where our forefathers
first settled, became depleted. They moved westward, seek-
ing virgin territory, and finding fertile planes and valleys,
they established new settlements. As their fields lost their
original fertility, the westward movement was renewed.
"In this stage of our advancement, we can no longer
move to more promising locations. We must make the best
of what we have. And to do this, the proper management
of a farm herd, is one of the very best of means whereby
we may utilize the soil to produce a livelihood.
"On your program, we find a very fitting slogan —
"Boost Dairying in Egypt — Ideally Adapted to the Indus-
try." That is just what we must do to see this section o5
the state continue to prosper.
"This, the southern end of Illinois, in many ways, is
ideally adapted to the dairying industry. No other area
of like size, any where on the face of the earth, has as
many miles of railroad lines. In addition to these rail
facilities, we have, in Illinois, a system of improved, hard-
surfaced highways, forming an ever-increasing network,
which connects the farm homes with the cities, and,
coupled with the railroad lines, brings the markets of the
world to the door of the producer.
"There are various agencies that have contributed of
their time and talent, toward the advancement of agricul-
ture, and the dairy industry in Illinois. Southern Illinois
has appreciated these efforts, and has been ready to accept
every opportunity whereby dairy farming may be made
more profitable.
"Here, in the heart of Southern Illinois, at Carbondale,
in the Southern Illinois Teachers' College, you have, at
hand, a school of agriculture. This school, as it has been
developed under the able guidance of our good friend Prof.
R. E. Muckelroy, has been a great power for good. Its in-
fluence has played an important part in the advancement
of the farming industry in this section of the state.
"There are countless other factors that have helped to
bring Illinois toward the front as a dairy production state.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 33
The results are evident. I can forsee, as the result of this
determination to advance, a form of agriculture in Illinois
that will mean more in happiness and in the comforts of
well-kept, successful rural homes. You, who have never
been satisfied to let well enough alone, and to go along in
the same old way that our fathers farmed, but who always
strive to improve — you are the people who have brought
about this advancement, and who will develop, here in
Southern Illinois, an even more successful form of farming.
The kind, or class of farms I can forsee predominating, is
the farm whereon the grain and feed that is produced is
grown mainly for consumption on the farm ; where the soil
has been treated with the essential limes and phosphates,
and as a result, fertility is restored through legumes, and by
th valuable by-product of the dairy herd. On farms of this
class, the dairy cow and the farm hen will reign as queens.
**When that day comes, and with it, the families on
the fdrms of Illinois, more nearly realize a just compensa-
tion for their untiring efforts than is now the case, then,
the efforts of the various agencies that have served to bring
about this advancement, will be fully appreciated. And
if, when that time comes, it shall be my lot to be remem-
bered as one who has worked along with you, and has done
what he could, all I can say is, that it will be honor enough.
"I thank you."
34 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
NEW FACTS IN FEEDING DAIRY CATTLE
Prof. F. B. Morrison, College of Agriculture,
University Wisconsin
Every farmer naturally wishes to secure as much profit
as possible from his farming operations. Yet many fail to
appreciate the basic facts which make profits possible.
No fact has been more clearly proved by the many
experiments carried on at the various Agricultural Colleges
and Experiment Stations than the fact that balanced ra-
tions are absolutely necessary for maximum profits in stock
farming . This fact has been clearly recognized by scientists
ever since the first feeding standard was worked out by a
European chemist in 1864.
Since then we have adopted into our every day lives
the triumphs of modern scientific inventions — the telephone,
the electric light, the automobile, the phonograph, and the
radio. Yet many of us have failed to adopt in a similar
manner the discoveries of the scientists regarding efficient
stock feeding.
Changed Conditions Require More Science
In pioneer days, with land low in price, pasturage
abundant, and feed and labor cheap, it was relatively easy
to make a profit from stock farming. This was true, even
though one knew little about the principles which govern
the feeding and care of live stock and though we did not
understand the value of the different stock feeds.
Conditions have now changed radically. It is less easy
for the inefficient man to make profits in farming. Never-
theless, I believe that the future will hold out fully as great
opportunities as the past for the farmer who is a master of
his profession.
However, we must all realize that to make a good profit
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 35
from stock farming or any other type of farming in the
present and in the future, it will require a much more intelli-
gent and scientific kind of farming than in the past.
Farm Animals are Living Machines
Many people do not understand that farm animals are
machines for converting or changing the crops of the fields
into valuable animal products. Just as it is impossible to
manufacture steel from the wrong kind of materials, so
these living machines can not manufacture animal products
efficiently and economically unless they are supplied with
the right amounts and kinds of raw materials.
We call a ration or daily feed which furnishes an ani-
mal with the correct kind and the right amount of the var-
ious food materials for its particular needs a "balanced
ration". Many farmers seem to be afraid of this term
"balanced ration". Though they have heard about bal-
anced rations, they have a very hazy idea as to whether the
feeds they are supplying their stock provide balanced ra-
tions or not. In other words, they do not know whether
they are furnishing their live stock with the right kind or
the proper amount of the various food nutrients to permit
them to make profits.
Protein the Key to Balanced Rations
Protein is the food material most apt to be lacknig in
ordinary rations, and protein in abundance is needed by
animals to furnish the raw material for the manufacture
of meat, muscle, wool, and the protein part of milk. There-
ore, the most important part of balancing a ration for live
stock is to provide a proper amount of protein in the ration.
Recent investigations show that vitamins and mineral
matter are also necessary for efficient rations. Fortunately,
however, these needs can generally be fully supplied by
providing stock with good pasture in the summer and with
plenty of well cured legume hay in the winter, as is pointed
out later in this discussion.
36 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
Importance of Balanced Rations
What is the importance of a balanced ration? It often
makes the difference between profit and loss.
In an experiment carried on some years ago by the
Illinois Experiment Station one lot of cows was fed a ration
which was palatable and sufficient in amount, but which
was not balanced. These cows were fed all the corn
silage they would eat — all the ground corn they wanted,
three pounds of clover hay, and all the timothy hay they
desired. The chief defect of this ration was that it was
very low in protein.
These cows gave twenty pounds of milk a day, a yield
which under present conditions is too low to be profitable.
This was in spite of the fact that they had good productive
capacity.
Later their ration was balanced by feeding sufficient
protein — rich feed to meet the requirements of the feeding
standards. These same cows then gave over thirty pounds
of milk a day, an increase of about fifty per cent.
Numerous other examples might be given which show
that an unbalanced ration is inefficient and unprofitable.
Any farmer who is feeding his cows, his pigs or any other
class of stock such a ration has no license to kick if he does
not make any money. He might as well face these facts
squarely.
If a farmer does not know whether he is feeding a
balanced ration or not, and has not learned how to figure
out such a ration, there is nevertheless no reason why he
should remain in doubt. If he is fortunate enough to live in
a County which has a County Agent, he will find this man
glad to help him. Otherwise, he can get advice from the
Agricultural College or from his farm paper. In 1927 there
is no excuse for feeding inefficient, unbalanced rations.
Guide to Efficient Stock Feeding
To show how much protein and other food materials
the various classes of animals need, scientists have care-
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 37
fully prepared "feeding standards". By the use of these
tables, together with other tables showing the food materi-
als (digestible nutrients) furnished by the different feeds,
one can, after a little practice, work out efficient balanced
rations for his animals. Every stock farmer who looks upon
farming as a profession rather than merely as an occupa-
tion will take pride in mastering the methods of working
out balanced rations. These are no more difficult than
the problems in arithmetic he solved in the district school
when a boy.
Adjust the Carburetor Correctly
No one expects to get good mileage from the gasoline
he buys unless he has the carburetor on his automobile ad-
justed correctly. Yet many men pay large sums for feed
without knowing whether their purchases will correctly ad-
just the carburetors of their live stock. In other words, they
do not know whether the feeds they supply will provide
their stock with a correct mixture of the various food nu-
trients, just as the correctly adjusted carburetor provides
the gasoline engine with the right mixture of gas and air.
Proteins Must be of the Right Kind
Robert Burns wrote **A mon's a mon for a' that and a*
that'*. Nevertheless we do not believe that one man is like
another, or that he has the same capabilities. It is just the
same with the proteins in our stock feeds.
Proteins are exceedingly complicated compounds, made
up of many different building stones, which the chemist
calls *'amino acids". Scientists have recently discovered
that some proteins contain all the different kinds of amino
acids, while others are incomplete, and do not contain cer-
tain of these "building stones".
They have furthermore found that animals need for
growth and even life itself all of these different amino acids.
Furthermore, they can not manufacture in their bodies any
missing amino acids from other amino acids in their food,
with the possible exception of the very simplest ones. There-
38 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
fore, they must have in their feed an ample supply of all the
other amino acids, or growth will be checked, production
lowered, or even health destroyed.
The next important thing to remember is that the pro-
teins of all of the cereal grains are of the same general kind
or composition. All of the grains are low in some of the
essential building stones, or amino acids, which an animal
needs to build its body tissues, or which a cow needs to
produce milk. On the other hand, milk protein contains all
of the amino acids in the right proportion for the use of
animals.
At the University of Wisconsin our Agricultural Chem-
istry Department has carried on experiments which show
these facts plainly. They have taken young pigs and con-
fined them in cages so that they could analyze all the food
eaten by the animals, and also all the excrements. Thus,
they could tell just what went on within the pig. If a
young pig is fed corn grain as the only kind of protein,
it will be able to retain or use only about 23 per cent of the
protein in the corn grain — less than one-quarter.
About the same result will be secured if the pig is fed
wheat, barley, oats, or rye. It does not make much differ-
ence which one of the cereal grains is fed as the only source
of protein.
On the other hand, if the same pig is fed milk protein,
it will be able to use for growth 55 to 60 per cent of the en-
tire protein in the milk. In other words, it can actually turn
into flesh more than one-half of the protein in its feed.
Linseed meal is an excellent feed for live stock, is it
not? However, surprising results are secured when linseed
meal is fed as the only protein — rich feed to young pigs.
They will be able to use only about 17 per cent of the pro-
tein in the linseed meal for growth, or even less than when
corn or other grain is fed.
If linseed meal is mixed with corn, a trifle better re-
sults will be secured than with linseed meal as the only kind
of protein. Even with such a combination the results will
not be very good, however, for the pigs will be able to use
only about one-third of the protein in the mixture.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 39
However, if corn and milk are mixed together in the
right proportion to make a balanced ration, then the pigs
will use for growth over 60 per cent of the proteins in the
milk and corn combination. In other words, we can take
this poor corn protein and mix it with the right proportion
of good milk protein and make an exceedingly efficient
mixture — a mixture which will be just as good as pure
milk protein.
These results are due to the fact that milk protein is
richer than linseed meal in some of the building stones or
amino acids which corn lacks. Therefore, the rich supply
of these amino acids makes good the deficiency in the corn
grain. This is an exceedingly important matter in feeding
certain classes of stock. In feeding pigs, especially those
not on pasture, it is of vital importance.
I have never yet seen good results in pig feeding where
a man has fed young pigs not on pasture such a ration as
corn and middlings or corn and linseed meal. Why is this?
One of the primary reasons is that the protein in such a ra-
tion is not of the right kind or quality.
If some of you have a flock of chickens at home from
which you are not getting many eggs, the fault may be in
the ration the chickens are receiving. If they are getting
corn, oats, linseed meal, wheat middlings, and wheat bran,
do not blame the chickens at all. Blame the quality of the
protein in the ration. If you would put some meat scraps
or plenty of skim milk in the ration, and be sure the chick-
ens are provided with enough mineral matter, they would
be able to manufacture more eggs, because they would have
the right kind of raw material.
In all stock feeding operations, look at your animals
simply as machines which convert the products of your
fields into finished products, like meat, eggs, etc. You can
not expect a machine to manufacture steel rails from wood-
en timbers, can you? Neither can you expect a pig to manu-
facture pig meat from corn protein alone. You must have
the right kind of raw material and in the proper amount.
This is a matter of vital importance in swine feeding.
For instance, in one experiment we have carried on, pigs
40 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
that were fed barley and linseed meal gained only about a
pound a day. On the other hand, pigs which were fed
barley and whey gained over two and one-half pounds a
day. These were well-grown feeder pigs, and, therefore,
were capable of making large gains under favorable con-
ditions. This is an exceedingly interesting result, because
whey is not very rich in protein, but yet the pigs produced
remarkably efficient results.
As you of course know, most of the protein in the milk
goes into the cheese, leaving only eight-tenths of one pound
of protein in every 100 pounds of whey. Yet it so happens
that this small amount of protein is of the very kind that is
necessary to supplement barley protein. Therefore, the
combinatoin of barley and whey makes an exceedingly good
ration for pigs.
Very young pigs need a larger amount of protein than
is furnished by barley and whey; therefore they should be
fed some protein-rich feed in addition. On the other hand,
for well-grown pigs weighing 150 pounds, barley and whey
alone make an efficient ration.
Quality af Proteins for Dairy Cows
In feeding dairy cattle and also beef cattle, the quality
of the protein is not of so much importance, providing you
have such good roughages as legume hay and corn silage.
This is because the proteins in legume hay and in corn for-
age are of quite good quality. Therefore, if dairy cows are
fed alfalfa or clover hay, with corn silage and farm grains,
there is no necessity of worrying about the quality of the
proteins in the ration. You can buy whichever protein-
rich feed is the cheapest for you to use.
The high quality of the protein in milk is one of the
reasons why it is such a good food for the human family.
Milk is not only rich in protein, but the protein is of the
very sort that supplements the deficiencies of the proteins
in the common grains. Therefore, it is important that chil-*
dren receive an ample amount of it.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 41
Mineral Matter Indispensable in Ration
During recent years the mineral requirements of live
stock have received much attention. As you all know, there
are many concerns manufacturing mineral mixtures of more
or less complexity. These mineral mixtures are being wide-
ly advertised, and astonishing claims have been made for
some of them.
There is no question but that an adequate supply of
mineral matter is just as important in stock feeding as is a
proper supply of protein. This is proved by the fact that
an animal will starve sooner if fed plenty of good, but food
which is free from mineral matter, than he will if given no
food at all.
Fortunately, Dame Nature has provided for humans
and live stock as well quite adequately with reference to
mineral matter. The foods we eat and the feeding stuffs
we furnish live stock contain all the necessary mineral com-
pounds, at least in small amounts. Moreover, the body is
able to use many of the mineral compounds over and over,
taking them back again into the circulation after having
been once used.
Therefore, for animals which have finished their
growth, rations containing plenty of good quality roughage,
such as legume hay, will usually furnish a fairly ample sup-
ply of all minerals except common salt.
Stock Need Plenty of Salt
It is always advisable to supply stock with an ample
amount of common salt, except in a few localities where
the water or soil contains a large amount of it. This is
true in some of the arid "alkali'* districts of the West.
The necessity of salt for dairy cows was shown many
years ago at the University of Wisconsin by Doctor Babcock.
He fed dairy cows well-balanced rations, except that they
received no salt, save the amount naturally occurring in the
feed they received, (Corn, oats, bran and all such feeds
always contain some common salt, or sodium chloride).
42 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
After two or three weks, the cows showed abnormal
appetites for salt, but their health was not usually affected
for a much longer period. Finally, a complete breakdown
occurred, marked by the loss of appetite, rough coats, and
rapid decline in both liveweight and yield of milk. How-
ever, recovery followed quickly when common salt was
supplied. These experiments showed the definite need of
common salt in quite liberal amounts for dairy cows.
In feeding dairy cows, a common plan is to include
from one-half pound to one pound of common salt in each
one hundred pounds of the concentrate mixture, or grain
mixture, fed the cows, and then give them in addition access
to salt where they can readily take what they wish.
Calcium and Phosphorus May be Lacking
Since over 90 per cent of the mineral matter of the
skeleton consists of calcium (lime) and phosphorus, these
mineral compounds may fall short in some rations, es-
pecially in those for dairy cows, which are using a large
amount of calcium and phosphorus in making milk, and also
for young, growing animals, which need an abundance for
developing their skeletons.
The disastrous results which follow when stock are
fed rations containing insufficient mineral matter are strik-
ingly shown in a series of experiments which have been
carried on continuously since 1908 by Professor Hart and
colleagues at the Wisconsin Experiment Station with grow-
ing heifers and dairy cows.
In these trials it has been found that when cows are
fed straw for rouhage along with grain and grain by-prod-
ucts, they usually produce dead or weak calves. Young
heifers raised on such rations even fail to grow normally,
and in some cases suffer from nervous breakdowns.
For a few years the nutritional experts were at a com-
plete loss to understand the reason for these astonishing re-
sults. However, it has been found that the disasters are due
to a lack of lime or calcium in the ration and a lack of one
of the vitamins, which will be discussed later, which animals
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 43
must receive to enable them to assimilate and use the cal-
cium and phosphorus in their feeds. When calcium has
been added in such forms as calcium phosphate (the chief
mineral constituent in bones) or even by adding ground
limestone or marl, and the vitamin is also supplied good
results are secured. Howeevr, the simplest way of correct-
ing such a ration is to substitute alfalfa or clover hay for
half the straw in these rations. Entirely normal offspring
are then produced.
The results of these nutrition trials have been corrobor-
ated by the experience of numerous farmers who have had
trouble with stock fed straw as the only roughage during
the winter feeding period. It, therefore, seems safe to con-
clude that straw is not safe to use continuously for a long
period as the only roughage for breeding stock, unless the
precaution is taken to add three to four ounces per head
daily of bone meal, finely ground limestone, or some other
material supplying lime. It is far preferable to use legume
hay as a part of the roughage for breeding cows, mares
and ewes.
Mineral Requirements for Milk Production
It has long been known that milk is rich in mineral
matter, especially in calcium and phosphorus. However, up
to a few years ago it was assumed that when dairy cows
were fed common, well-balanced rations containing plenty
of protein and a liberal amount of legume hay, there could
be no deficiency in either calcium or in phosphorus, for
legume hay is rich in calcium, and protein-rich feeds are in
general high in phosphorus.
Surprising results were, howeyer, secured in extensive
experiments at the Ohio Experiment Station by Doctor
Forbes. In these trials high-producing cows have been fed
such excellent winter rations as alfalfa or clover hay and
corn silage for roughage, along with corn and such high pro-
tein concentrates in addition as wheat bran, cottonseed
meal, linseed meal, dried distillers' grain, or gluten feed.
On these rations, which have always been considered
ideal for dairy cows, in most instances the animals lost cal-
cium, phosphorus, and also magnesium from their bodies.
44 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
in spite of the fact that the feed they were given supplied
what would appear to be ample amounts. For some rea-
son or other, the cows were unable to assimilate and re-
tain enough of the liberal supply of these mineral nutrients
in their feed to meet the heavy requirements in producing
the large amount of milk they yielded.
Even when abundant amounts of calcium, or both cal-
cium and phosphorus, were added to their ration in such
forms as steamed bone meal, calcium carbonate, or calcium
lactate (a soluble form of calcium), the losses of these min-
eral constituents from the body continued. The reason for
this little-expected condition is still a problem. Possibly
the milk producing capacity of our dairy cows has been so
increased by selective breeding that it exceeds the ability
of high-yielding cows to assimilate sufficient mineral nu-
trients from their feed to meet the heavy demand in pro-
ducing the large flow of milk during the first part of the lac-
tation period. Later on in lactation, or when they are dry,
they are able to build up again the stores of these mineral
constituents in their bodies.
In extensive experiments at the Wisconsin Experiment
Station by Professor Hart and his colleagues, it has been
found that dairy cows are able to assimilate calcium much
more completely from fresh green feed than from dried for-
age, such as hay. Furthermore, well cured alfalfa hay is
superior to that improperly cured. These trials indicate
that the best way of curing hay is to cure it in the bright
sun, getting it into the barn as soon as it is dry enough, by
means of using the side delivery rake, hay loader, etc. Hay
cured by such a method will contain the maximum amounts
of vitamins.
All this work on the mineral requirements of dairy
cattle is so recent that we do not yet know just how far-
reaching the results may be in practical feeding. These
various trials, however, emphasize the importance of past-
ure and other green forage for dairy cows during the grow-
ing season, and of furnishing an abundance of legume hay
during the rest of the year. Also, the cows should be dried
off six to eight weeks before freshening, and during this
Harlan A. See
Paris, 111.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 45
time should be so fed that they will be in good condition at
calving. This rest period will give them an opportunity to
rebuild the stores of calcium and phosphorus in their bodies,
which may have been depleted by the drain of milk pro-
duction.
Practical Pointers on Minerals for Dairy Cows
On account of the great importance of supplying cows
plenty of minerals, it may be well to summarize very briefly
and definitely the recommendations with reference to this
matter :
In the usual dairy ration there is more danger of a lack
of calcium than three is in phosphorus. This is because
most of the common protein-rich feeds are also rich in phos-
phorus. This includes wheat bran in particular and also
wheat middlings, cottonseed meal, and linseed meal. Glu-
ten feed, germ oil meal (corn germ meal), brewers' grains
and distillers' grains are not especially high in phosphorus.
When 20 per cent or more of the concentrate mixture
or grain mixture consists of wheat bran, wheat middlings,
linseed meal, or cottonseed meal, the cows will get plenty of
phosphorus. If less of these high-phosphorus feeds is fed,
it is best to supply additional phosphorus by adding bone
meal, as stated later.
A large production of milk and thrifty calves are an
impossibility if there is a lack of calcium in the ration. The
best way of furnishing plenty of lime is to grow and feed an
abundance of alfalfa, clover, or soybean hay whenever it
is possible. All legume hays are rich in lime. Furthermore,
well-cured, green colored hay, cured in the sun, contains
the vitamin which animals need to enable them to assimi-
late and use the calcium in their feed.
If poor roughage must be used, such as hay from the
grasses (not legumes) corn stover grown on acid soil, or
straw, add 3 to 4 pounds of ground limestone, wood ashes,
or dried marl to each 100 pounds of concentrate or grain
mixture. Preliminary experiments indicate that dolomitic
limestones, which are high in magnesium may be used sat-
isfactorily as a source of lime.
If there is not 20 per cent of high-phosphorus feeds in
the concentrate mixture (wheat bran, wheat middlings, lin-
46 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
seed meal, and cottonseed meal), it is best to jase 3 to 4
pounds of bone meal or spent bone black with each 100
pounds of the concentrate mixture, instead of using the
limestone, wood ashes, or marl. Bone meal and spent bone
meal black supply both calcium and phosphorus, while
limestone, wood ashes, and marl furnish lime, but practic-
ally no phosphorus.
If plenty of alfalfa, clover, soybean or other legume
hay is fed, then there may possibly be no advantage in
adding a calcium-rich mineral supplement to the ration.
However, even with legume hay available for winter feed-
ing, it can do no harm and may do considerable good to add
one of these lime carriers to the ration.
Feed Calcium Supplements on Pasture
Fresh, green crops contain an especially large amount
of vitamin needed to enable animals to assimilate calcium.
Therefore, the best way of replenishing the calcium in the
cow's body, which may have been seriously depleted by high
milk production during the winter feeding period, is to feed
a calcium-supplement when she is on pasture. Therefore,
it is especially important to mix one of the calcium-rich
supplements with the concentrate mixture fed to cows on
pasture. It is probably best to use more of the calcium-
supplement than for winter feeding. As much as 4 to 5
pounds of one of the calcium-supplements may be mixed
with each 100 pounds of concentrate mixture. If this mix-
ture should not be very palatable to the cows, the allowance
of the mineral supplement may be reduced somewhat.
When the cows are not fed any concentrates during a
part of the pasture season, the calcium-supplement may be
mixed with salt and the cows allowed free access to it. A
mixture of 1/8 salt by weight and 7/8 limestone, wood
ashes, marl, or bone meal may be used for this purpose.
Guard Against Goiter
If trouble has been experienced from goiter or "big
neck'* in calves, this may be prevented in the future by giv-
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 47
ing potassium or sodium iodide to the cows through the ges-
tation period. Where there is no trouble from goiter this
treatment is not needed. (For a full discussion and method
of treatment see Bulletin 350, Pages 4 to 10).
Vitamins Are Necessary for Life
A few years ago the word 'Vitamins" was unknown,
but now nearly everyone has heard of these mysterious
substances. Perhaps to many persons the statements made
concerning the marvelous effect of these compounds on the
human diet and likewise in stock feeding have appeared
highly improbable and they have wondered **Just how much
does all this talk about vitamins amount to anyway? Is
there any need of giving any consideration to them in plan-
ning the diet of my family or in feeding live stock?"
Practically all the discoveries about vitamins have
been made in little more than a decade. Although our
knowledge concerning them is far from complete today,
yet brillant progress has been made during the past few
years by the scientists studying these matters. Therefore,
many conclusions may now be safely drawn concerning the
importance of vitamins in the feeding of humans and in the
feeding of farm animals, as well.
Thus far five vitamins have been discovered. I will
take each one of these up and tell you a little about the
interesting story connected with it.
Vitamin A
The first vitamin is vitamin A, or the fat-soluble vit-
amin. The dairyman is especially interested in this vitamin,
because it is the vitamin that is present in such liberal
amounts in butter fat. It is absolutely essential for young
animals as well as old animals, and for humans as well as
for stock. As the diet of young children is quite limited, it
is very important that they get plenty of milk and other
dairy products, because otherwise they might not secure
enough of this vitamin. ,
About thirteen years ago scientists in the United States
48 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
and also in Europe discovered that if animals were fed upon
feed from which all fatty substances had been removed,
they failed to thrive. Many became blind and finally they
died. If such fats as lard, olive oil, or cotton seed oil were
added to the ration, no improvement resulted. If butter fat,
whole milk, cream or the fat from egg yolks were added,
the diet was made complete and the animals made normal
growth.
What was lacking in the ration was, therefore, not fat,
but some substance which was soluble in fat and was hence
carried along in the butter fat and egg fat. This was vit-
amin A. What had cured the animals was not protein, car-
bohydrates, fats or mineral compounds in the milk added
to the ration, but the. very minute amount of this remark-
able vitamin.
Even yet, the most painstaking and clevel* efforts of
skilled chemists have failed to discover just what this mar-
velous substance is in butter fat and in egg fat. The amount
is so small and perchance the substance is so complex that
it may never be possible to isolate and identify it. So for
the present, and perhaps for all time we can know this
vitamin merely through the results produced by its absence
or its presence in food.
Where animals are fed rations containing too little of
the vitamin, a peculiar eye disease may develop which
eventually causes blindness. Furthermore, at least some
animals are especially susceptible to pneumonia or other
respiratory diseases when the supply of the vitamin is in-
sufficient.
If young animals are fed rations containing none of
this vitamin, they invariably fail to grow. Also no young
are ever produced and reared by females fed rations low
in this substance. It is, therefore, absolutely essential for
the life of all higher animals, and is needed by mature ani-
mals as well as those that are young and growing.
It has been found that certain other foods besides milk
and eggs are rich in this vitamin. Most important from the
standpoint of stock feeding is the fact that all green-leaved
plants contain an abundance of it. Therefore, all stock
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 49
which are on pasture or which get plenty of well cured hay
secure enough of vitamin A.
Most of the cereal grains are low in this vitamin, but
it has been recently discovered by Dr. Steenbock at the
Wisconsin Experiment Station that yellow corn is fairly rich
in it, while white corn contains little or none. Among
human foods, Irish potatoes, wheat flour and beets are low
in the vitamin, while liver, yellow carrots and sweet pota-
toes are high in it.
It is very essential that children secure plenty of the
fat-soluble vitamin in their diet, for most of the foods which
we eat are low in it. A lack of this vitamin, is undoubtedly
one of the causes of poor health in children throughout the
world. It has been found that twenty percent of the chil-
dren of school age in the United States suffer from malnu-
trition, and a much larger percentage in less progressive
countries. For this reason nutrition authorities all over the
world now emphasize the need of a liberal consumption of
milk and dairy products.
In considering the use of milk as a food we must always
bear in mind that most of vitamin A is in the butter fat.
Therefore, skim milk, although it is an excellent food from
other standpoints, is not rich in this vitamin.
In stock feeding a plentiful amount of the vitamin is
furnished if cattle, horses and sheep get an abundance of
well cured hay and good silage. If young pigs which are
not on pasture are fed white corn and skim milk, they will
often develop paralysis or die from pneumonia, due to a
lack of this vitamin. Pigs on pasture secure plenty of the
vitamin from the green feed they eat. White corn is safe
for winter feeding if a small amount of well cured legume
hay is fed along with it, even to young pigs.
Vitamin B
Next I will discuss Vitamin B, or the water-soluble
vitamin, as it is often called. Doubtless you have heard
of the disease called beri-beri, which formerly affected
many of the people in the oriental nations, such as the Chin-
50 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
ese, the Japanese and the Filipinos. In the old days when
these people lived largely on rice milled by their old crude
milling process where they merely took off the husk of the
rice, they did not have beri-beri. However, when the im-
proved milling process came into use, which not only took
off the husk of the rice but also took off the rice germ and
the brown coating on the outside of the kernel, they began
to have beri-beri and many of them perished. In fact,
this disease became a national calamity in those countries.
Many theories were advanced as to what caused beri-
beri. For example, a Japanese scientist called Takiki had
the theory that beri-beri was caused by a lack of protein in
the diet. Takiki was absolutely wrong, but yet he was
able to cure beri-beri. On the return of one of the naval
training vessels from a long trip it was found, as usual, that
many cases of beri-beri had developed and several of the
boys had died. During the voyage the people on board
had, of course, lived nearly entirely on polished rice. This
had been the standard Japanese diet for many years.
Takiki probably told the officials, '*I told you so. If you
would pay attention to my theory and use the sort of diet
I suggest, this would not have happened". Probably on
the theory they were willing to try anything once, when
the next naval training vessel set sail for an extended voy-
age they said, **We will follow Takiki's recommendation."
He advised they add fish, eggs, and meat to the diet for
these boys on the training vessel. They did so, and there
were practically no cases of beri-beri. The only ones who
came down with beri-beri were the ones who said, "New-
fangled ideas are all wrong; the old ideas are good enough
for us." They ate polished rice, and during the voyage
came down with beri-beri.
After this, Takiki was considered a hero — and yet
his theory was absolutely wrong. Beri-beri is not due to a
lack of protein. It was not found out until many years later
that beri-beri is caused by the lack of the spicific vitamin B.
If pigeons or chickens are fed polished rice alone,
after a while they will show the symptoms of a serious ner-
vous disease. They will look as though they had been
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 51
drinking moonshine. If they are then fed the water extract
of rice polishings, the outer part of the rice kernel, in two or
three hours they will recover remarkably. This wonderful
recovery is due simply to the fact that the outside of the
rice kernel contains vitamin B.
In our human diet in this country we do not need to
worry about the lack of vitamin B. Patent flour and pol-
ished rice are low in this vitamin. On the other hand, meat,
milk, vegetables, and many other foods are rich in it.
The American Medical Association, after making a
thorough study of the matter, concluded there is no evi-
dence of a lack of this vitamin in the diet of the American
people. This is an important matter, for one of the large
concerns manufacturing yeast recently carried on an exten-
sive campaign in an effort to get farmers to feed yeast to
their livestock. In my opinion, there would generally be
no benefit from adding yeast to well-balanced rations fed to
our farm animals.
Vitamin C
So far as our present knowledge goes, the third vit-
amin, called vitamin ''C", or the anti-scorbutic vitamin, is
of little or even no importance at all in the feeding of all
classes of farm animals. This vitamin prevents the disease
called scurvy, which affects humans seriously when they
can get no fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, or other foods
containing this vitamin.
Farm animals either do not require any of this vitamin,
or else they need only such extremely small amounts that
they always get plenty in their feeds. At least there is no
definite proof that farm animals ever have scurvy.
In feeding humans, monkeys and guinea pigs, how-
ever, this vitamin must be furnished or scurvy will result.
The vitamin is supplied by fresh fruits, vegetables, milk and
fresh meat, but is low in the cereals. It is easily destroyed
by prolonged cooking or drying at high temperatures. It
is to furnish this vitamin that infants are so commonly fed
orange juice.
u. (npiu.uk
52 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
Vitamin D
From the standpoint of stock feeding the fourth vit-
amin is very important. This vitamin, which prevents the
disease called rickets, is known as vitamin ''D", or the anti-
rachitic vitamin. This disease of rickets seriously affcts the
bones, especially of young animals. In young animals suf-
fering from the disease, the calcium and phosphorus are
not deposited properly at the ends of the bones, where the
growth occurs.
Rickets may be caused by a lack of calcium or phos-
phorus in the food, or by a failure of the body to assimilate
these minerals. Even w^hen an animal is supplied plenty
of calcium and phosphorus, it is apparently unable to use
it for bone formation unless there is plenty of the anti-
rachitic vitamin in its food.
Sunlight also has an important relationship to rickets.
Animals in darkness or out of direct sunlight are more sus-
ceptible to rickets than those exposed to sunlight.
Under winter conditions in the northern states, young
pigs are especially subject to rickets. They become lame
and stiff, particularly in their hind legs, and farmers call
the trouble ''rheumatism" or ''paralysis". This condition
can usually be prevented by including a small percentage
(about 5% ) of good green-colored alfalfa hay in the ration,
and providing plenty of calcium. Apparently dairy cows
may also suffer from a lack of the anti-rachitic vitamin
under winter conditions, as has been pointed out previously.
Grow More Legumes
In conclusion let us consider what all of these recent
discoveries mean in terms of practical feeding of dairy
cattle. To me, all of these recent experiments conclusively
show the high value of legume hay for stock feeding, and
the great importance of dairy products in the human diet.
Let us briefly review the merits of legume hay for
stcck feeding. First of all, you will recall that I discussed
the necessity of livestock getting a sufficient amount of
protein — in other words, a balanced ration. One of the
primary reasons why you should grow an abundance of
legumes is because they are rich in protein, alfalfa hay be-
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 53
ing nearly as rich in protein as is wheat bran.
Next, I discussed the importance of the quality of
proteins, and pointed out that legume hay contains protein
of the right kind or quality to supplement the deficiencies
of the cereal grains.
It was next pointed out that minerals are highly im-
portant in economical milk production, and the calcium was
the mineral constituent, in addition to common salt, most
apt to be lacking in dairy rations. One of the important
advantages of alfalfa hay or hay from other legumes is
that it is always high in calcium or lime content.
Then I discussed the importance of the various vitamins
in stock feeding, and pointed out that only vitamin A and
vitamin D are apt to be lacking in the rations fed livestock.
Legume hay is rich in both of these vitamins, if it is well-
cured and green in color.
There are, therefore, all of these important reasons for
growing plenty of legume hay on every stock farm. In
other words, these recent discoveries in stock feeding, re-
duced to their simplest terms, emphasize anew the import-
ance of large acreages of legumes in any well-planned sys-
tem of agriculture.
54 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
BANQUET— MASONIC TEMPLE
Wednesday Evening, January 12, 1927
N. W. Hepburn, Peoria, Illinois, Toastmaster
INVOCATION, Rev. Ransom, Pastor of the Methodist
Church.
COMMUNITY SINGING.
THE TOASTMASTER: Ladies and Gentlemen, Friends
of the Illinois State Dairymen's Association: It is now the
privilege of the Toastmaster to open the Fifty-Third An-
nual Banquet of the Illinois State Dairymen's Association.
Nov^ this is not going to be an address of welcome. It is not
going to be much of any thing. As I was riding along to-
day, and I rode three hundred miles to get here, my mind
ran back over the history of the Association, but I am not go-
ing to tell you that though perhaps yu would like to know.
As I came in town I saw a great deal of work has been
done and a great deal of preparation had been made for
this meeting and I realized that some one here sensed the
significance of a meeting of this kind. I realized a great
deal of work had been done and that somebody had put
their shoulders to the wheel, and I realized that there is
still going to be some wark to do, some of this decoration
is to be undone, which reminds me of a story of a couple
living in an apartment and the gentleman of the house
called up the bird store and said, I wish you would send
me two hundred thousand cock roaches and the receiver
at the other end said ''You must mean something else". He
said *'No: I want two hundred thousand cock roaches. I
am leaving the house today and my lease says I must leave
it in the same condition I found it. Now physically I hope
these ladies and gentlemen, who are your guests, will leave
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 55
the town in the same condition they found it, and in some
respects I hope they will not leave it in the same condition
they found it. I hope they will have left some good to
you, something that will be a lasting benefit to your com-
munity.
There are a number of individuals who have had to do
with the development of the Illinois State Dairymen's Asso-
ciation. When I speak of old members I think about J. P.
Mason, who cannot be here, and I think of Newman, and I
think of George Caven, who has arranged our programs for
over a quarter of a century, and we think of some who have
passed out. We think of our beloved Mr. Marple, and we
think of some others who have contributed to the Illinois
State Dairymen's Association, and what is to be contributed.
If you will look down the list I think you will begin to real-
ize the intellectual is about to happen, and if it does not
turn out I am not going to be responsible for what happens
next. It is customary to say that no soul is saved after the
first five minutes of talk. Now the speakers might bear
that in mind. We do not want these folks to walk out, Mr.
O'Hair. You are the next Speaker? We don't want them
to walk out. They would not walk out for courtesy. We do
not want them to feel like the story of the man who walked
up in front of a theatre and said I want to go in there, my
wife is in there with a strange man and the manager said
''Be still. You go to the back door and I will have them
come out," and the manager went in and announced "there
is a man out here who is very much excited and he says his
wife is in here with a strange man, and if you are you had
better come out quietly," and eleven couples arose and
passed out.
The story is told of a minister who on one occasion
only delivered a sermon that was ten minutes long and he
explained that the balance of his sermon was chewed up
by his dog. After his service he met a good friend of his
who did not belong to his church and he said 'Tastor, I
heard of your misfortune today." He said "Have you got
any pups of that dog. I would like to take one and give it
to our minister."
56 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
The next speaker does not need any introduction. He
knows that he needs not to talk too long, so I introduce W.
S. O'Hair, President of the Illinois State Dairymen's Asso-
ciation.
MR. W. S. O'HAIR: I wonder why Tie Smith left the
room. Now I am sure you do not want any long talks. You
do not want any accidents as we are all in here pretty
close.
I attended a banquet like this last fall up in Northern
Illinois and the fellow that was speaking kept going too long
and the chairman took his mallet and he seemed to aim to
hit his mallet to rap for order and he hit an old white head-
ed man, and he grabbed him and shook him and said "I
beg your pardon, I beg your pardon, '* and the old fellow
said "I can still hear him. Hit me again.*'
Now I would make you a speech. I have two speeches
that I deliver. I am a little different from Dr. Hepburn.
He goes over the country with eight or ten titles. I have
two, but one of these I am a little careful about delivering.
I am like the little boy on the street car. A very dirty-faced,
dirty nosed boy was riding on a street car in Chicago and
a very beautifully dressed lady got on the car and sat be-
hind him and she said, ''Son, have you a handkerchief?"
And he said ''Yes, but I never lend it to strangers." But I
have a speech I will give you a little later. A friend of
mine with his wife and twenty-one children, was sitting at
the breakfast table the other morning, and she said to him,
"Charley this high chair is getting kind of rickety and I
am afraid that this baby that is dressed in green will fall
out and hurt her," and Charley said to Mrs. Taylor, "After
breakfast you go down in town and get a new chair, a sub-
stantial one that will last a little while."
I got oif of the train the other morning down at the
Big Four station and I went into the waiting room and I
saw several ladies holding their skirts and pushing them
down over their knees. I said to an elderly lady "what is
the matter?" She said "Haven't you heard." I said "No".
She said "Laborn Watson is looking for two more calves."
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 57
Three tramps were sitting around the fire and one was
talking about the big things Roosevelt had seen; the lions
and tigers, and he said "Jim, did you ever see any thing".
The second tramp said **Did you ever have delirum
tremens?'' and he said ''No". He said ''Hell, you haven't
seen nothing."
I live up in an Irish settlement. Mrs. O'Hair is Irish
and we elected a squire last fall, last spring I guess it was
and he notified several of us that he was going to have a
wedding and he wanted us to come over for the wedding,
and we went over before the couple got there and we went
down and examined some of his live stock and some of
his private stock and by the time the couple came for the
marriage we were all ready for the wedding and we went
into the house and stationed ourselves along the wall, and
this Irish squire was Pat Curran and he looked at us and
said "What Pat Curran and the Lord has joined together
let none of you fellows monkey with".
Well, if I was going to make you a speech here tonight
I would make you a Democratic speech. You can't tell much
about what the Democrats tell you and not a thing the Re-
publicans tell you. I have figured out a plan where things
can be bettered. The farmers are hard up, the merchants
are hard up and the bankers have to keep the safes locked
against themselves and so I have studied out a plan. I
think it would be a good one if we would all get in one
church and pull together, and as I look over the creeds of
the churches I think the Hard Sheeled Baptist would be the
one. They have three good points. That is, first, every man
pays his debts; the second point is there is no harm in tak-
ing a drink of whiskey, if you have the chance; and the
third point is every man should vote the Democratic ticket,
hair or no hair.
THE TOASTMASTER: I don't know just what school
of theology Mr. O'Hair went to, but it is all right.
As you will note from the program the next gentleman
down here is a banker. I understand he recently had this
experience. It is said a Jewish gentleman stepped into his
bank one day and said "Do you discount notes" and he said
58 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
"Yes: we do some times". And the Jewish gentleman said
**I have a note for ten dollars I want to discount" and the
banker said "let me see it" and he produced the note and
the banker said "Have you any collateral" and he said "Yes:
I have five hundred dollars in liberty bonds" and he told him
to bring it down and he brought the note down and the lib-
erty bonds, and the banker said to Jakey, a friend of Ikey,
"what is the matter with Ikey, has he gone crazy," and
Jakey said "No : I guess not. I always thought he was a
good business man." So Jakey met Ikey and he said "What
did you want to put up five hundred dollars in Liberty bonds
for collateral on a ten dollar note" and he said "Wasn't
the note discounted for nine sixty? Where else can you get
a safety deposit vault for a year for forty cents." I don't
think we need to go any further and we will at this time
introduce Mr. O. M. Karraker.
O. M. KARRAKER (President First National Bank) :
Ladies and Gentlemen of the Illinois Dairymen's Associa-
tion: I could tell you a good many things that have hap-
pened in the course of my business affairs, but I am not go-
ing to speak on that subject. I don't know just what my
subject should be. All the restrictions I have been given
is that I was not to speak over five minutes. I suppose com-
ing this early on the program I am to say what welcome
you have to our city and how glad we are to have you pres-
ent. It is a privilege to have you here and a pleasure to
have you here because this is a wonderful city. You will
notice the strange thing about Harrisburg is that you can
travel east or you can travel west; you can travel north or
you can travel south and continuing that direction that you
will come back to the starting point. It has been that way
with Harrisburg ever since it was a little town — it is the
center of the universe. This is a fine place to work, and a
fine place to try it. You should come down here to test it.
We have here the finest of weather and the finest and most
varied of industries. Come and try it. The door is always
open. You are always welcome here. While I am on my
feet I think we will all agree that whatever the people do
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 59
down here that we are on the road to happiness. It was my
privilege to stand in the Roycroft shop and he said "If you
find this work you will know what happiness is if we do not
get happiness through work itself. I think there should
be both happiness and work. We down here are willing to
work. I have seen people who work and are willing to
work who never reach wealth. It is because they do not run
their business to procure wealth and that is the reason we
want people to come here that those in the cities should
support those in the country, in bringing organizations that
will bring success to all concerned.
Over in Cortland ,New York, a couple of young men
received a woven wire machine, and the freight rates were
high and they wanted to make woven wire and they said it
can't be done but they did and after forty years they have
a great factory there. They wanted to live in Crotland and
they have made their town known throughout the world.
David Mayo, the great surgeon did not live in the center of
the world but he built his hospital at Rochester, a little^
town in Minnesota, and he has made his town known
throughout the world from the success they have made. We
have learned this too — the people down here in Saline
County, and we are going to reach out and teach you how
too. We are here the center of the coal belt and when that
is worked out it is going to be taken from the soil that we
will have to take our crops. We do not have to go to the
big centers to have happiness. The Mayo Brothers wanted
to live in Rochester and they built their hospital there and
they live there and they are known the world over. Over in
Chicago Armour did not have the materials for his big
packing plant but he wanted to live in Chicago and he
brought the materials to his plant. The people who manu-
facture shoes want to live in the east and so they build their
plants in the east. And we want to live here and we are
going to utilize the message these folks have brought here.
I hope this will be passed on. This happiness is yours and
you can help yourself and come this way again.
THE TOASTMASTER : A district visitor went to see
an old Scotch woman who was apparently on her deathbed.
60 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
The visitor noticed that she was thinking more of herself
than any thing else, and after some conversation he said
it does not appear that you think anybody will be in heaven
but yourself and your minister. She said I am not so sure
about my minister. I am not so sure about your visitor but
there is ample evidence of him being here. Charley Tay-
lor, chairman of the committee, will speak at this time.
CHARLES TALYOR: Mr. Chairman, Fellow Rotarians,
and Kiwanians and Invited Guests: A year ago you asked
me, with some associates, to go to Galesburg to invite the
State Dairymen's Association to hold their next annual con-
vention in Harrisburg. I made certain pledges that night
for the city of Harrisburg and these invited guests are to
pass upon the question whether or not the pledges we made
that night have been fulfilled. I said you would meet hos-
pitality. I think you have met it. I told you we would
do whatever Galesburg, Peoria or any other town would
do and do it better because we have got a better town than
any of them. Our home folks did not understand how
Harrisburg was able to secure this convention. We got it
like the big long nigger in Illinois who ran a foot race. A
man said boy are you a runner. He said '*I sure am." He said
**have you run on the track?" ''No sir: but I have run by
myself and I sure can run." He said ''Nigger you get down
into your running gears and you get out on this track and
you are going to run this foot race" and as he came by he
poked him with his walking cane and the nigger fell about
nine feet ahead of anybody else and he said to Dad Long,
"My God didn't I have a gang hollering for me." You sent
a booster with me. I had a good press agent, Fred Lieber-
man, and what I lacked in telling the truth about Harris-
burg he finished it out with something else. He said to
me I have to go down in town and do a few things and he
went down to the newspapers and he said one of the past
Governors of Illinois, Governor Taylor, was there and you
want to get in touch with him and his gang, and it was not
very long until a delegation come to meet me and wanted
to find out about me and wanted to know how big a crowd
I had with me, and I said I had a press agent. My friends.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTIONS! 61
in Harrisburg, I would like to say I was born here and I
have enjoyed living here. I am as happy as a man can be
because when I go down in town and I meet my friends I
can say *'hello Bill." I want to tell you what our old friend
Marion Whitley said to the Chamber of Commerce of St.
Louis when they came down to Harrisburg on one of their
good fellowship trips. They came down and had their
speakers and we thought we would have Marion Whitley
reply to them. He said if you gentlemen are looking for
a good town and you want to get out of St. Louis where
you can make a good living easily come to Harrisburg. I
want to say something you see some uncomplimentary re-
marks about Southern Hlinois in which the good citizens
of this part of the State have no part. If a lot of fellows
want to get out to have a gang warfare and kill each other
off I am willing to let them fight it out. If you asked me
what faction I belonged to in Harrisburg, I would say I do
not know I did not know there were any factions. I thank
you folks for your help. Three weeks ago Mr. O'Hair said
to me do you know that the first evening of the convention
has to be turned over to the entertainment committee, and
I said I did not know that and I went to the churches to
my friends and I asked my wife and we got the folks to
put on the entertainment we had last night and I hope you
enjoyed it just as much as our folks enjoyed putting it on.
I want to clear up things in my household as I have been
asked who was that big black greasy woman. I want you
to see her with the war paint off — get up here, Mrs. Taylor,
so they can see you. (Laughter.) We are both mighty happy
to have you come to my town. I love this community bet-
ter than any place I have ever lived — and truth to tell it is
the only place I have ever lived, and I have been here
from the time they had two teachers in the school until
now they have over thirty teachers. I have enjoyed all
these changes and I hope you have enjoyed coming to us
and that you have enjoyed the hospitality of our folks. I
hope when you leave you will not say that when Charley
Taylor came to Galesburg he promised to do certain things
but they have not been carried out. We have an interest
62 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
in the boys and girls and we want to say this community
went out and sold as many memberships as any spot in
Illinois. We are mighty glad to have had you come down
to Harrisburg, my home town and community, and if there
is something our folks have left undone we will be mighty
happy to finish it up before you leave, and some time we
hope you will want to come back to us and want to come so
badly that we will not have to go clear across the State for
you and that you will say that Harrisburg is a most pleasant
spot.
THE TOASTMASTER: In answer to Charley Taylor
as to the verdict of the jury, I got it before I hardly got
into town, and it was favorable, Charley. I read a story
the other day about a man being selected for a jury and
they was cross examining him and asking him a lot of
questions. They asked him **Are you married?" He said
Yes sir. How long have you been married? He answered
about five years. In regard to this case have you expressed
any opinion or come to any conclusion in this case? He said
*'Not in five years." (Applause).
The next man on the program is a milk man as I un-
derstand it and they say he has had experiences. Milk men
always have experiences. They have experiences every day
of one kind or another, and this time on a dark, hazy morn-
ing his wagon was up set and as always on such occurrences
a growd gathered and the milk run down in the sewer and
a gentleman was standing behind a large woman and he
said, **Why what a waste" and this woman turned and said,
**Young man mind your own business." I desire to present
Mr. Stanley Wilson, president of the Harrisburg Dairy
Products Company.
STANLEY WILSON: Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gen-
tlemen : We are not going to give away any of our past ex-
periences. This is truly a very gracious meeting and a very
happy one. There is one pathetic side we could mention,
but when we stop to think what is the basis of such a
meeting as this we go back to the humble dairy cow and
see that she is a humble animal, but her responsibilities are
many. They say she is responsible for some seventy per
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 63
cent of the people of the country being here. There is no
question of the prosperity she brings to the community she
is in and most any business of any kind reaps a benefit
from it, and with all of this we have to bow to the dairy
cow. We must not forget her. A meeting of this kind is to
further the cow into better breeds and better production.
We the Harrisburg Dairy Products Company manufacturing
a dairy production wish to thank the many persons of the
Illinois University and our local fellows who have lent a
willing hand to make it such a success as it has been.
THE TOASTMASTER: We now have the pleasure of
looking at and listening to the famous Kiwanis Quartet. I
heard of this quartet before I came to Harrisburg. I don't
know but what Charley Taylor told us about it when he
came up to Galesburg.
The Kiwanis Quartet sang several selections. (Great
applause.)
THE TOASTMASTER: I am sorry you did not draw
applause like that Mr. O'Hair.
MR. O'HAIR: Try it again, I might do better.
THE TOASTMASTER: A girl walked into a drug
store and told the druggist she wanted a package of dye,
and he said, "what kind do you want.'' She said, "I want
as fashionable a dye as I can get." He said, "what does
your mother want to dye? Does she want it to dye clothes?"
She said, "No : the doctor said mamma had stomach trouble
and she was going to have to diet and she wanted to diet
with something fashionable."
Now the next speaker is one of the men that has made
dairying fashionable. I think Professor Eraser is the pioneer
on the subject of dairying, and I am glad to introduce him
on this subject at this time.
PROF. W. J. ERASER, of the University of Illinois:
I believe a year ago over at Galesburg I promised at that
time to read a tribute to the cow one year from then at
64 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
Harrisburg, so I think that is what brought the convention
here rather than Mr. Taylor. I think a few of us appreciate
what kind of a creature the cow is, and if you will bear
with me I will read, "The Place of the Dairy Cow in the
Affairs of Men."
"Who has ever thought to measure the place of the
dairy cow in the affairs of men ; to sum up her contributions
to world achievement? Her gift is the highest of men's
necessities — food — and the most perfect food man has ever
found. Milk is more than bread, more than meat, more
than all the roots and grains of the field ; it is the first food
of man and the greatest material gift to mankind.
"Milk is a mystery; we cannot tell all that it contains,
or explain all its magic service in nutrition, but we are sure
that it supplies whatever the body needs for vigor and
growth. Milk is the material essence of mother love for her
young. It is the highest food of earth and the real elixir of
life.
"The dairy cow is not only the abundant producer of
this necessary food, but she produces it so efficiently that it
can be a regular article of diet for the masses, and this
same cow is also the greatest economic ally of the farmer;
the soundest basis of his business. She is the greatest
specialist in the world in both her skill of labor and total
of product. There is the silence of the library and the awe
of a superior work being carried on as one comes into a
dairy herd. All the laboratories of the earth and all the
delicate and precise operations of the most skilled chemists
cannot equal the endeavor and perfect product of these
silent, contented workers.
"This quiet, unassuming dairy cow, so familiar in any
wayside pasture or common stable, is a creature in disguise.
We have barely begun to understand her partnership in our
fate and fortune.
"How did the dairy cow find the secret of her mar-
velous development and strike the mastor chord that was
hid from all the wise and prudent? Was it not in her pure
motive and good will and highest ideal of motherhood? She
gives herself utterly and willingly in this meek and glad
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 65
endeavor, and she has found the highest expression of
God's creatures in a giver of food for man." (Applause).
THE TOASTMASTER: As you know the Illinois Dairy-
men's Association offer some prizes for a certain thing.
One of the prizes had to do with the membership cam-
paign— that is the girl or boy in a community who got a
certain number of memberships. The first prize winner is
here tonight, Miss Evelin Thomas, and she is going to give
us a reading. The program said she was.
MR. THOMAS: We decided the strain would be a
little hard on her and she wanted to go in the Milk Maid
Contest and we thought best for her not to give the reading.
THE TOASTMASTER: Which all goes to prove you
cannot believe all you see in print.
The next speaker was Professor F. B. Morrison, of the
University of Wisconsin, and I understand he had to go to
catch a train. We all regret that but we have a man that
we want to have speak a word, Mr. Pillaster.
A MEMBER: He has gone too.
THE TOASTMASTER: I understand that Professor
Harry Taylor has illness in his family and cannot be here
tonight and that is a matter of regret and I hope the people
here that are acquainted with him will bear him my regrets.
I don't know what some of these young fellows have
in mind doing but one of them said I wish you would get
me on the program. I did not press it up but I will let
you look at him. Professor C. S. Rhode, of the University
of niinois.
PROFESSOR C. S. RHODE: Mr. Chairman, Ladies and
Gentlemen: That remark will please my friend O'Hair. I
turned to a gentleman who was sitting by my side. I would
know him but I could not remember his name and face and
I said, **you are a good politician", and he said, 'T am not a
politician," and I said, ''what are you," and he said, "I am a
Democrat."
66 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
Awhile ago I glanced over at Charlie Tilson and he
reminded me of an old colored preacher who was caught
one day loving up one of the sisters of his congregation and
the deacons got together and they decided to give the
minister a trial by jury, and the jury was formed and the
minister was asked to come before the jury and in coming
before the jury he brought the good book and he opened it
and read, 'The Lord is the Shepherd of the flock and the
shepherd of the flock took the lamb in his arms." The jury
was floored and they brought in the verdict, the next time
our worthy minister finds it necessary to take one of the
lambs of his flock ii. his arms that he take a ram lamb.
While I was sitting in the high school room this after-
noon and enjoying the splendid program I did a little think-
ing as I relaxed, and as I looked through the audience it
amazed me that there was not nearly as many of the boys
and girls that had these calves distributed to them last year
as there should have been and not as many of their fathers
and mothers as there should have been. I had the same
experience a few weeks ago when I was here conducting
a dairy feeding bureau and at that time I do not believe
there was a boy there. That is unfortunate and I believe
as we plan other dairy meetings it might prove to have
greater effect to get the farm boys excused from school to
attend the meetings, and to make a greater effort to pull
them in. Now I know there is some information along the
line of feeding that they need. Those who were down here
Tuesday noticed that many of the heifers were underfed.
I know some of you will say we can do the same thing. I
think we are running safe at one end and losing a good deal
at the other like Abe and his brother. His brother said,
''Why are you going up that way?" and he said, "To save
shoe leather," and he said, "Be careful not to tear your
pants when you are saving your shoes."
An employe of the Big Four went to the office of the
President of the Big Four, with his hat on his head and he
walked up and said, "My name is Jones and I want a pass
to St. Louis," and Mr. Smith was interested in teaching
politeness to employees and he thought this was a good time
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 67
to get it over and he told Jones, and he said, ''Come back
in an hour and see if you cannot do better." And he came
back in an hour and stepped in with his hat in his hand
and he said, ''Have I the honor of addressing Mr. Smith, the
president of the Big Four," and he said, "My name is Jones.
I v^ork down in the yards and I would like a pass to St.
Louis," and Mr. Smith said, "I will be glad to do any thing
I can," and Jones said, "Will you please go to hell, I have a
job with the C. & E. I." There are other things we have
been neglecting doing. I have in mind the matter of keep-
ing records. Mr. Foss is going to be on the program in the
morning and every man and boy should be here to hear him.
He is going to show you how he keeps up his records.
There is another thing I want to mention. As I sat
there this afternoon and listened to the talks, and that is I
wondered why people should get out to meetings of this
kind, and I thought one thing was to get information the
speakers handed out in a practical way, and as they mingled
around they would meet other people and it seems that
people attending these meetings do get a lot of inspiration.
I thought of the inspiration I received this morning as I
thought of a man in an adjoining county in Southern Illinois,
and I wish every man in this convention could have heaid
that story. It is a story plumb full. He is a man that is
happy with his job. He is a man that is making money
and is a man that is using the dairy cow to bring in a very
large part of his income. First he was happy; he was
contented; and the other thing was that in 1922 he bought
his first cow. He had been rather a large feeder of beef
cattle. He went to a sale to buy a cow for the family and
there was in the sale three Jersey heifers and a man came
to him and said buy those three heifers they will make you
more money than anything you have ever fed. He bought
them and he traded them for two cows with two calves and
later on he bought a bull for $350. He sold his first can of
cream in June and he told me on that investment he had
sold $3100 and he had sixteen cows in the herd raised from
the original start and he had not figured in the skimmed
milk he had fed to hogs and poultry. It strikes me that
68 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
it would be a good plan in making up our programs for
future meetings to get some men on them that have made a
success, and they will give good inspiration. I am going
away with a lot of kind thoughts for people who have done
their job pretty well, but yet from the standpoint of dairy-
ing there is a lot to do.
THE TOASTMASTER: One of the things that has con-
tributed to this meeting tonight has been some of the con-
tests put on, and the next number on the program is the
dairy maids contest.
I forgot to tell you that Mr. Lally, Charley Foss and
Professor Muckelroy are the judges. I don't know how they
got to be because I do not know what the qualifications are
for judging a dairy maids contest. I think they asked to be
put on.
They say a Methodist negro exhorter was saying,
"Come folks and join the army of the Lord," and some one
said, ''Where do you belong," and he said, "Over to the
Baptist Church," and he said, "You belong to the Lord's
navy, you don't belong to the Lord's army."
The next speaker is the director of Agriculture and I
guess he has a few things to do with agriculture and I want
you to see and hear him.
S. J. STANARD, Director of Agriculture : Mr. Toast-
master and Friends: I had intended to deliver a speech
tonight, had it all prepared, but I am not going to deliver it
for after having seen the last number on the program, who
would not want to come back to Harrisburg? If Professor
Rhode had had the seat I had he would never leave.
A little while ago I had to leave this pleasant meeting
as I had an appointment with the broadcasting station, and
I missed the program. . The part I missed I heard was
"Sweet Adeline." I have heard it sung by many different
kinds of drinkers. Many times in the past Mrs. O'Hair
has said she feared her husband would go too far and come
home with a black eye. I would like to have some one send
her a telegram that her fears were well grounded.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 69
The other day I was invited to speak at East St. Louis
and I had work in the office that took longer than usual and
I reached that meeting barely in time to go on the platform,
and the chairman of the meeting finding out I had not had
time for lunch, in introducing me he said, "A minister who
was to preach was being entertained by one of the congre-
gation. He did not eat very much and the good lady asked
him if he did not like the food or why he did not eat. He
told her if he would eat a good square meal he would not
be able to preach a good sermon. On returning home the
gentleman of the house asked his wife what she thought of
the sermon and she said she thought the minister had just
as well have eaten his meal." So I have had a good time.
TOASTMASTER : A man was condemned to be hung
and the judge said "Prisoner, you have a right to make a last
request if you want to and you might do it now," and the
prisoner said, "I can't think of any thing I want to request
except I would like one more opportunity to shave the
District Attorney." I am sure we would all like one more
opportunity to get at our friend Muckelroy, and when ever
the dairymen want anything done in southern Illinois they
call on Professor Muckelroy and I am going to call on him
right now.
PROF. R. E. MUCKELROY, Southern Illinois State
Normal, Carbondale, Illinois: Mr. Toastmaster, Ladies and
Gentlemen : I was somewhat surprised when I saw my name
on the program, but I suppose I need not be surprised for
when I came I found the old fellows here and I missed one
gentleman and I said, "Where is O'Hair?" And one of the
gentlemen said, "Haven't you heard of his trouble last
night?" and I said, "No," and one of the fellows said, "Last
night or this morning between one and two o'clock Mr.
O'Hair called down to the clerk of the hotel and said 'Clerk,
this is Mr. O'Hair of Paris. I am in trouble up in my room.
There is a couple of mice up here and I can't sleep' and the
clerk said *what are you paying for your room' and Mr.
70 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
O'Hair said a dollar and the clerk said 'what in the hell do
you want more, a bull fight.' "
Mr. O'Hair asked the dairymen this afternoon down at
the school room to bring their wives out in order that they
might enter into this business of dairying. You know once
upon a time at a dinner party they were discussing whether
or not the ladies should enter business relations with men,
and the men gave as their reasons and said they should
never be allowed to enter the business of men because they
never could keep a secret and one of the ladies said, 'That
is not so. I have not told my age since I was twenty-five,"
and he said, *'You will spill the beans one of these days,"
and she said, "I guess not when a lady has kept her age
twenty-five years she will keep it the rest of the time."
If I did not know the&e men so well and did not know
them in their business relations I would think of them very
much in the way of three little boys who were supposed to
have gotten rid of one of their pets. They were very good
friends and they hal been going to church through a re-
vival and they had three pets, one had a little bantam
rooster, the other had a Poodle dog and the other a little
Tommy cat and they preached and got them converted
and the next thing they wanted to do^ was to baptize them.
Each boy had to baptize his own pet and they took them
to the waters edge. The little boy who had the bantam
rooster waded in and pronounced the ceremony and put
him under water and the little rooster crowed. The little
boy with the poodle dog waded in and said his story and
put him under water and the little poodle dog came up and
flopped his ears and coughed. The little fellow who had
the Tommy cat waded in and pronounced the ceremony and
about the time the little Tommy cat saw where it was go-
ing he began to claw his hand and he came out crying, and
they held a consultation as to what to do with him, some-
thing must be done with him, so one of the little fellows said,
"ril tell you what we will do, we will just sprinkle him and
let him go to hell. (Laughter)
Now we are all trying to secure human happiness.
What might be my pleasure might not be yours. You know
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 71
the story goes of two men who started out once upon a
time to find the happiest man in the world, and as they went
from place to place they thought the doctor as the happiest
man in the world because he relieved so much pain and
suffering; and as they went on they came to a minister and
they thought he was the happiest man in the world be-
cause he had sent so many to the great beyond, and finally
they went on and some one said, **I will tell you who the
happiest man in the world is. It is Mark Twain because he
made so many laugh." So they went the long road to the
home of Mark Twain, and Mark Twain came to the door
with his hair down over his eyes, very much in distress and
trouble, and the men said to him, ''We have come here to
find the happiest man in the world." He said, '1 don't know
what you came here for. I have been feeding this fire for
ten days with my manuscripts, and I can't write anything.
I can't get my story to come out right," and the men said,
"Tell us your trouble, Mr. Twain, maybe we can help you
out." Mr. Twain said, *T am writing the love story of a
couple who in their old boyhood and girlhood days were
sweethearts, and the young man had left and gone out into
the world to seek his fortune and after he had been gone
about forty years his heart turned back to the scenes of his
old boyhood and he came back to his old home. His
mother was gone; his father was gone; his sister was gone;
and his brother was living on the old home place. He rode
around the place in an old one horse shay and finally he
came to the old swimming hole and he longed to take a
swim as he did in years long gone by. He hitched his horse,
took off his clothes and went in and took a swim and he
came out drying himself as only a country boy can do. He
had on his shirt, tie and his collar and he heard the rattle
of a wagon coming through the bushes, and as it came near-
er he saw something must be done, and he ran and jumped
in the buggy and pulled the lap robe over his lap and he
tried to keep from being seen; but as the wagon came near-
er he saw three parties in there; rather a healthy man and
woman, and behind on an old board was a middle aged
lady. As they came nearer the lady looked, and as she
72 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
looked she raised herself and said, *Hello, John, how are
you?' John saw it was the sweetheart of his boyhood days,
and as they came nearer John of course greeted her, and
she jumped out of the wagon and ran to his side and greeted
him as only lovers do and she said, 'Your mother is gone,
your father is gone, John, so you come home to supper with
me/ '' Mark Twain says, "I have got them this far, and
now if you can tell me how m the hell I can get the breeches
on this man and get him back in the buggy I will be the
happiest man in the world/'
You are enjoying your town here. I enjoy my town.
These gentlemen all enjoy their towns, but gentlemen you
who live up the State if you want to see a happy people you
must come to Southern Illinois and I sincerely hope when
you entertain an invitation to come next year some where
down in Southern Illinois that you will come. I know you
may think a cloud is resting over Southern Illinois, but we
are all good people, but there is one thing if we all put our
hands together we will all come out quicker than any other
way, and it is for the business man to put his shoulder to
the wheel to make better American homes. The bulwark
of the country is the country home.
We think you will come back to southern Illinois, and
whenever you do you will find a united effort in the home.
TOASTMASTER: We will have a number from the
Kiwanis Quartet at this time.
THE TOASTMASTER: We have another member of
our State Department that I want you to see and have a
word from, and when I was thinking of introducing him I
was going to say I thought you would have to take some of
the bitter with the sweet, but I don't think that is the way
to put it, so I will introduce Judge Jones.
JUDGE A. H. JONES: Mr. Chairman, Ladies and
Gentlemen: I think a good deal like Mr. Lincoln did when
he was teaching a Sunday School class. Perhaps some of
you did not know he taught a Sunday School class but that
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 73
is true. And in his class was a small boy that was not very-
well versed in his English and in reading he came to "Shad-
rach, Meshach and Abednego," and when he got to that
part he said, ''Here comes those three dammed fellows
again."
I have attended these meetings right along with Mr.
O'Hair, who is well representing the dairying interests and
with Mr. Stanard, the Director of Agriculture, and knowing
as I do what has been done in every town or city in the
State where we have held just such meetings as this, and
where we are taken care of just as we are here, and I think
I can say we have never been taken better care of, the
Agricultural Department, the Food Department and every
other department that goes with agriculture than we have
in Harrisburg, and when I say that I want you to under-
stand it is to the glory of Illinois, that what has been going
on here, has been going on in other cities of the State, and
as we are midway between the two oceans Illinois is the
gem of the whole United States. We are proud of her and
what she is doing. We are proud of her great dairy in-
dustry, of all lines of food production, her great packing in-
dustry, every thing that goes to make her great and grand,
and as we meet here tonight we love to go up and down
this great State and think of the fathers who crossed over
the Alleghanies and came down here and planted the best
civilization the world has ever seen. I wish every man and
every woman in Illinois could have been here and taken in
the meeting here. It has been fine. It has been grand. We
have been well taken care of and it shows that Harrisburg
and Saline County is wide awake and knows what is going
on in the State. I want to say that I have enjoyed this
meeting, and when I say that I say Illinois while she is a
great State she has a city that is great ; that Chicago with
her great industries and this pearl valley of the Mississippi
extending fiften hundred miles wide, think of what is going
on in this great State. Think of what Mr. O'Hair is doing
and what Mr. Stanard is doing and what you are doing
here. I want to take off my hat to your worthy newspaper
man. He has got a cinch on this thing. Up in my town it
74 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
takes four or five to do the whole thing well. I understand
he has the grasp of the whole thing and he gives it to you
from the shoulder out. He is a great newspaper man. I
have seen what your different organizations have done, and
I have met them, and I have met your representatives and
have been hauled around this beautiful city in his beautiful
automobile, and I want to say in conclusion that this service
here, this evening, this splendid banquet does well for your
city and well for your district, and I want to say in conclu-
sion, I know this country down here is adapted to the pur-
suit of dairying. These beautiful hills and valleys go to
make up what is the best dairy country of the world. I
want to see you persevere. I know you will do it. As our
Chairman fears I will make a speech I am going to stop. I
have several good stories to tell but I hate to compete with
my friend O'Hair for I know what he will do because I know
he is a past master. Let me take you in my confidence. He
is a good deal smarter than you think he is. He lives out
of Paris on a beautiful farm. He has got fine friends and a
fine son he is training so that when he quits as State Dairy-
man his son shall follow in his steps. Thank you. I will
vote for your son now. Will the son stand up? Mr. Smith
O'Hair stands.
THE TOASTMASTER: Don't let him speak. Don't let
him show W. S. up. There are a lot to speak but it is
getting late. When Judge Jones started to talk I was re-
minded of a lot of things and organizations like his, repre-
senting all other organizations that are working hand in
hand with the dairy association but that is impossible.
Some one is going to say before the evening is over a word
as to what Harrisburg has done for the dairy meeting. I
thought this meeting would like to see the winners of this
contest come up before it. Would you like to do that?
EXCLAMATION: Yes sir.
First, the boy that won the calf: Harlan Swango, Paris,
Illinois. I sold subscriptions, 258.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 75
EDWARD KEMPER: What did you do? A. I sold
memberships.
What kind of a calf did you get? A. Holstein.
Was it a good one? Yes sir.
HERMAN THOMAS: What is your name? A. Herman
Thomas.
What did you do? A. I sold memberships.
Where are you from? A. Georgetown.
KENT DAVIS: What is your name? A. Kent Davis.
Where do you live? A. Harrisburg, 111.
You sold memberships? A. Yes sir.
What kind of a calf did you get? A. Guernsey.
EVELIN THOMAS: Where are you from? A. Harris-
burg.
You sold memberships? A. Yes sir.
What kind of a calf did you get? A. Guernsey.
Which prize did you v^in? A. First. (Great applause)
TOASTMASTER: There were some prizes offered for
window decoration. The first prize was awarded to Clif-
ford Stricklin; second prize to Clark-Martin-Hawkins;
third to Charles V. Parker Store No. 4; fourth to The Buck-
eye ; fifth to The Rexall Store.
THE TOASTMASTER: I would not have the nerve to
place the awards on the Milk Maids and I am going to leave
it to the Chairman of the committee, Mr. Foss.
MR. FOSS: Mr. Toastmaster: I beg to report that the
first prize for the individual milk maid contest was awarded
to Miss Lahome Warford, of Eldorado; second prize was
awarded to Miss Anna Davenport of Harrisburg; and the
third prize was awarded to Miss Stella Thomas. In the
group contest the first prize was awarded to the Dutch
Dairy Maids.
TOASTMASTER: I am sure it is very difficult for
any one to put into language words that will express our
76 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
appreciation of the hearty response that has come to all our
requests. It represents a lot of effort, and more, it repre-
sents a community spirit of which you are proud.
We have one more speaker, and our program would
not be complete if we did not call upon our secretary, Mr.
Caven, for a word.
GEORGE CAVEN, Secretary: I would not attempt to
qualify as story teller for two reasons. One is that Mr.
O'Hair, Mr. Hepburn and Professor Muckelroy have gotten
all the stories, and for another reason I have not had the
training. Up at Galesburg it was explained how these men
could tell so many stories and get away with it by ex-
plaining that Mr. O'Hair was a superintendent of a Sunday
School and that Doctor Hepburn and Professor Muckelroy
were teachers in Sunday Schools.
Now in the few minutes I have I want to say that some
of the local committee came to me this afternoon and they
were very much disappointed because the attendance of
farmers was not larger than it has been so far but I do not
think a large attendance at a first meeting in a community
where dairying is being introduced is the most important
point. The thing that strikes me as being the most import-
ant is that this dairying business has been sold to the busi-
ness men of Harrisburg; that the business men are organ-
ized and now that they have gotten this idea they are in a
position to put it over, and you could not expect that from
the farmers because they are not organized and they really
don't know, with a few exceptions, what a benefit a meet-
ing of this kind is to them. They have to be taught and the
business men of Harrisburg will have to follow this idea up
in the same way they have been going on with it up to the
present time. They have got to back their county adviser
and their calf club and in that way you will begin to reap
the benefits of this convention. You know we had a lot of
farmers over there today. Some good farmers too, and if
you can get a few good farmers scattered around in your
community, get them started to do the right thing and get
to following dairy farming in the right way why you are
Wanda Ivaline Thomas, Harrisburg, 111., and her registered Guernsey calves won in
a contest for securing largest number of memberships in the Illinois State Dairy-
men's Association, 1927.
State Dairy Association
1928 Convention
The Fifty-fourth Annual Convention of
Illinois State Dairymen's Association will be
held in Marion, Williamson County, Jan. 17, 18,
19, (Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday) 1928.
County banking and other business interests will
provide a purse of $500 for premiums in a dairy
cattle exhibit. Other cash prizes will be pro-
vided by the association.
Keep These Dates in Mind
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 77
going to become a dairy country after awhile. It is a mat-
ter of slow growth but it will come sure if you business
men keep on backing up the idea and co-operate with the
farmers of your country about here. Don't let any body
tell you at any time that there is danger of this dairy busi-
ness being overdone. There is no such danger. Here in
this country our per capita consumption of butter is seven-
teen pounds. In Canada it is twenty-eight pounds. Think
what that would mean if our per capita consumption was
worked up to the per capita consumptoin in Canada. What
an addition that would be with our one hundred and ten
millions of people. And besides that in figures that have
been recently come out from the Government, from the
Bureau of Dairying, at Washington, Dr. Larson, states that
it takes thirty-five million pounds additional every year to
take care of the natural increase of population, and you
have your Dairy Councils and your Health Boards that are
teaching the necessity of a milk diet, and you have got to
go mighty fast to catch up with all of that growth of con-
sumption of dairy products. We call this dairy business a
four billion dollar industry. None of us can comprehend
what a billion dollars is and four billion is away out of any-
body's conception. It is an immense business. It is growing
and it is going to grow in this country. Now we are mak-
ing about a billion three hundred pounds of creamery but-
ter and about six hundred million pounds of country butter
and creamery butter is increasing, but it is a fact that with
our big increase of production we have not increased a
pound since 1923. We made in 1924 about as we did in
1923 and about the same in 1925 and 1926 is going to run
a little less than 1925. So you can go on in perfect confi-
dence boosting this industry and you are not going to overdo
it.
Now I just want to thank the business men here for
the way they have worked for this convention and the co-
operation they have given us on every need since I have
been here. I have met with the requests from the commit-
tee that if there is anything that we didn't get to let them
know. There has not been anything we have not had. We
78 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
have not had to make the request because it has always
been provided for and I sincerely, on behalf of the asso-
ciation, thank the business men for all their good work.
TOASTMASTER : I am sure as the program has gone
on and the evidence of good will of Harrisburg has been
extended I know of no one that would have more apprecia-
tion than the President, who with Mr. Caven, the secretary,
has bourne the brunt of the work of putting on this con-
vention, and I am sure he would like to say a word.
MR. W. S. O'HAIR: All good things have an ending.
I have attended a good many banquets of different kinds
over the State of Illinois and out of the State and I would go
further to attend a banquet of the State Dairymen's Asso-
ciation than any other banquet I have ever attended, and
especially since this man Charley Taylor sold the proposi-
tion to us up at Galesburg every thing was bound to suc-
ceed. I want to thank you folks for your wonderful co-
operation. It would have made it hard for us if we had not
had it. I want to thank the business men of this city, and
especially your Farm Adviser because he has worked with
us and co-operated in every way, and I say to your business
men, stand by your Farm Adviser because by and by the
coal mines will give out. Not in your life time, perhaps, but
some time, but stand by your Farm Adviser; he is helping
to build up a great industry that will stand for all time. I
want to thank him and especially do I want to thank the
ladies, Mrs. Taylor and her fine crop of children. It is no
wonder that Charley Taylor's shoulders curve because he
has to feed that group of children. Want to thank the
folks that gave us this banquet, and if there is any one here
that thinks the price is too high, if you will see Mr. Lieber-
man he will give you forty cents back. This banquet has
been wonderful to me and I think it has to you. The hotels
have treated us fine. Never have I been in a town where
the hotels have treated us as cordially as they have here,
and as Mr. Taylor said Southern Illinois furnishes a lot of
things and one is they furnish the best looking women in the
State.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 79
TO ASTMASTER : Friends when you think of the hour
that is about to close we almost hesitate to declare the Fifty
Third Annual Convention, so far as the banquet is con-
cerned, closed, and if we had to rely in some tangible way
to make an expression of our feelings as dairymen of the
kindness we have received down here I don't know how
we should express it unless we should buy some kind of a
medal and make a speech, but it seems the other angle is
a case where virtue is its own reward. It is a case where
unselfish service exerts itself. Unselfish service will build
a town; it will build a state; it will build an individual. I
don't know how we coul dclose this banquet better than to
recommend to you unselfish service, and I officially declare
the Fifty Third Banquet closed.
80 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
THURSDAY, JANUARY 13th
THE ECONOMICAL VALUE OF THE SILO
By Chas. Foss, Freepart, 111,
Silage furnishes succulent feed for any season of the
year at low expense. For winter feeding silage is far
cheaper than roots and is as efficient a feed, except possibly,
in the case of animals being fitted for the show ring or Milch
cows on forced test. Even in the case of Milch Cows on
Official Test, roots should be used as a supplement to silage
rather than a substitute.
The natural and best adapted food for the dairy cow
is pasture. In the first place it is a balanced ration and in
the second place it is succulent in its nature without which
a cow will soon be out of condition and can not produce
profitabily. However there are only a few months in the
year in which we have pasture in abundance. Not only
does the silo furnish succulent feed during the time of the
year that we have no pasture but it furnishes it anytime of
the year that we need it. Milk cannot be economically pro-
duced on dry feed and with the silo it is possible to have a
succulent feed the year round, so that milk can be pro-
duced the year round at a profit instead of only a few
months in the year.
More than one third of the total food materials of the
corn plant is in the stalks and leaves. When the crop is
left in the field more than one half of the food value in the
fodder is lost, and when it is cut and shocked and left in the
field to cure often as much as one half of the food value in
the fodder is lost. In careful tests made by the Colorado
Experiment Station it was found that when corn is cured in
large shocks as much as 31 per cent of the food value was
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 81
lost in the fodder while if cured in small shocks the loss was
as much as 43 per cent and when allowed to cure in the field
the loss was 55 per cent. It is true that even when corn is
properly put into a silo there is some loss due to fermenta-
tion but the percentage is much smaller.
Another distinct advantage of the silo is that the stock
will eat practically all of it even when shock corn is shred-
ded very little of the stalks are eaten and as much as 20 to
35 per cent is wasted. By the use of the silo more stock can
be kept on a farm than is possible without it.
Another distinct advantage of the silo is that the corn
crop can be insiled when weather conditions do not permit
of curing it in the shock, and also that the product of a given
area can be stored in less space in the form of silage than
in any other form. A cubic foot of hay in the mow weigh-
ing about 5 pounds contain approximately 4.3 pounds of
dry matter. An average cubic foot of silage from a 30 foot
silo, weighing about 39.6 pounds will contain 10.4 pounds
dry matter, or nearly 2.5 times as much.
Type of Silo
So far as keeping of silage is concerned it will make
no difference whether a silo is constructed of wood, stone
brick, solid concrete, concrete blocks, concrete staves, or
vitrified tile blocks provided the walls are perpendicular,
smooth and airtight. Unless the walls of the silo are smooth
and perpendicular, cavities will form as the silage settles
with the result that the silage adjacent to these cavities will
spoil.
Proper Size of the Silo
The diameter of a silo should be gaged by the number
and kind of animals to be fed and the height should be
determined by the length of the feeding season. The silo
should be of such a diameter that during the winter months
at least II/2 inches of the entire surface is daily removed
by feeding to keep the silage from spoiling and during the
summer months at least 2 inches must be removed. In
82 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
Northern Illinois and Southern Wisconsin the length of
time during which silage is fed is about 200 days or seven
months. For a feeding period for this length of time a
silo should be no less than thirty feet high. Some of our
best dairymen are feeding silage during the summer months
when pastures are short.
In fact, for the highest production o± milk we really
have only a period of about six weeks during May and
June that we do not need silage. In building a silo it is
always better to build higher than 30 feet so that not only
sufficient silage for winter feeding can be stored but also
for summer feeding when needed. A ten foot silo will be
about right for 12 head of cows and young stock and for 20
to 25 head of cows and young stock a 14 foot silo will be re-
quired.
Crop for the Silo
There is no better crop to put into a silo than ordinary
field corn. It is always best to use the largest variety of
corn that will mature in a given latitude.
Fifteen or twenty years ago when the silo first came
into general use it was a common practice for dairymen in
the northern part of the state to use a large, late variety
of southern corn as a crop for the silo. While this variety
of corn made more tons of silage per acre it did not make as
much total dry matter per acre as would have been the
case had a variety of corn been planted that would have
matured. Corn planted for the silo may be planted a little
thicker than it is planted for grain only, but it should not
be planted so thick that it will not develop good sized
ears. In planting a crop for the silo the aim should be to
produce the maximum amount of total digestible nutrients
per acre. Silage made from immature corn also contains
more acid than when the corn is nearly matured. In plant-
ing a crop of corn for the silo it is a good practice to plant
some cow peas or soy beans with it. More tons per acre
can be produced by so doing and the beans or peas will fur-
nish protein to balance the silage.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 83
Time to Harvest
Corn continues to increase in feeding value throughout
the season. There is more food value in ripe corn than in
the glazed or milk stage. Hov^ever, if we v^ait until the
corn is ripe before we fill the silo much of the leaves will be
lost in harvesting and water must be added so that the silage
will settle sufficiently to exclude the air so it will not mold.
All things taken into consideration, the best time to harvest
a crop of corn for the silo is when it is well glazed and the
lower leaves have begun to ripen. It often is the case that
one can not fill the silo when the corn is at the proper stage
of maturity to make the best silage on account of not being
able to get a machine to do the work or sometimes corn
freezes before it is properly matured. Whatever may be
the cause, good silage can be made from either over ripe or
fosted corn provided sufficient water is run in with the
silage so it will pack well and exclude the air.
Yield Per Acre
The yield of silage per acre depends entirely on the
kind of a crop of corn we raise. It is usually estimated
that a corn crop that will yield 50 bushels per acre will
make from 10 to 12 tons silage.
Filling the Silo
In filling a silo the corn is usually cut about 1/2 inch
long. The silage will settle better and stock will eat it all
up. The corn and leaves should be evenly distributed in
the silo so it will settle evenly. On account of the friction
the silage next to the walls will not settle as well as in other
parts of the silo, material here should be kept slightly high-
er than in the center and should be especially well tramped.
Sealing the Silo
It is a good practice to snap the ears from the last two
loads of corn before putting it into the silo as this amount
34 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
usually spoils in sealing. The ears if left, would only be
wasted. If the silage is tramped and water added every
day for a week after the silo is full molding will be re-
duced to a minimum as the heat and moisture will soon de-
cay the silage which seals the silo and molding stops.
Cost of Silage per Ton
The cost of silage per ton will vary, depending on the
crop of corn to be put into the silo, rent of land and build-
ings, labor and use of machinery. A 50 bushel crop of corn
put into the silo when corn is worth $.60 per bushel will
make the silage cost about $4.50 per ton, while when corn
is $.80 a bushel the silage will cost about $6.00 per ton.
F[FTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 8b
TREASURER'S REPORT FOR YEAR ENDING
JULY 1, 1927
Receipts
1926
July 1, Balance on Hand $ 63.02
Oct. 1, Received from Geo. Caven 100.00
Dec. 21, Received from Geo. Caven 72.00
Dec. 31, Received from Geo. Caven 63.00
1927
Feb. 15, Received from Geo. Caven 336.00
•Mar. 29, Received from Geo. Caven 24.60
June 17, Received from Geo. Caven 10.94
Total Receipts $669.56
D isbur sement s
1926 Voucher No. Amount
Sept. 29, Pioneer Creamery Company, calf
in 1925-1926 membership con-
test 4 $125.00
Oct. 6, Hugh Curtis Given, Postage and
Mailing Reports 5 20.00
Oct. 16, Chicago Produce Co., Stamps ad-
vanced 8.10
Dec. 21, Pioneer Creamery Co., Freight on
Calf 7 18.58
1927
Jan. 6, Mrs. Edna C. Given, Postage and
mailing reports 8 35.10
Jan. 6, Chicago Produce Co., Express and
Telegrams 9 1.27
Feb. 17, Hoards' Dairyman, Subscriptions
given with Memberships 10 195.53
Feb. 17, N. F. O'Hair, Work at Harrisburg
Convention 11 38.25
86 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
Feb. 18, Kressman & Company, Printing
Programs $142.00, Express,
$2.13 12 144.13
Mar. 29, Kressman & Company, Envelopes
— W. S. O'Hair and Geo. Caven_12 8.50
Apr. 18, Jesse H. Swango, Expense — Har-
lan Austin, Railroad $22.50,
Board, $5.55 13 28.05
Apr. 18, Harlan See, Harrisburg Expense_14 22.05
June 2, H. B. Corrie, Contribution to Ag-
ricultural Club 25.00
Total Disbursements $669.56
Total Cash Received for the year to July 1, 1927___$669.56
Total Disbursements for year to July 1, 1927 $669.56
Balance on Hand July 1, 1927 None
Respectfully submitted,
CHAS. FOSS,
Treasurer.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 87
SECRETARY'S REPORT
Receipts
Balance from previous year $ 173.75
Contributed 505.00
Memberships 1,475.95
Life memberships (not counted in
membership total) 65.12
Advertising 121.00
Total $2,340.82
Disbursements
Stamps ($60.00 Mailing report) $ 94.44
Travel 31.85
Hotel (Meeting in Chicago with W. S.
O'Hair and others) 30.60
Treasurer Foss 606.54
Express Freight (Includes delivery of
calves 40.15
Telegrams, Telephone 5.35
Taxi 1.75
Paid for calves 1,094.88
Paid for prizes 85.00
Tent at Harrisburg 50.00
Printing, Engraving 75.42
Dairy Farmers (Subscriptions) 26.70
Silver cup and Engraving 32.30
Exchange on Checks 4.21
Miscellaneous 2.50
Prof. Morrison 50.00
Total $2,231.69
Balance $ 109.13
GEO. CAVEN,
Secretary.
88 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED
We, the committee on resolutions, of the fifty-third
annual convention of the Illinois Dairymen's Association, in
convention assembled, at Harrisburg, Saline County, Illi-
nois, this thirteenth day of January, 1927, are pleased to
submit, for the consideration of the association, the follow-
ing resolutions :
Whereas this, the fifty-third annual convention of the
Illinois Dairymen's Association, has proven highly bene-
ficial and delightfully entertaining, and whereas various
agencies have contributed to the outstanding success of this
meeting, therefore be it
Resolved that the Illinois Dairymen's Association here-
by tenders its sincere thanks and its hearty appreciation for
the splendid efforts put forth in behalf of this session by the
following:
The Rotary and Kiwanis Clubs of the city of Harris-
burg, and the business concerns and individuals, and other
public spirited citizens of the community, and the Saline
County farm bureau, staunchly behind the farm adviser, I.
E. Whitchurch, fro the substantial support and splendid ef-
forts, to which, in a great measure, the success of this ses-
sion is due;
The leaders and teachers engaged in vocational agri-
cultural instruction, and to the agricultural students of the
high schools participating in the dairy cattle judging con-
test, for that helpful, educational feature of the program;
The University of Illinois, for the service rendered
through the competent talent provided by Prof. C. S. Rhode,
for the highly important work of passing upon the merits
of the cattle on exhibition, and for the dissemination of so
much valuable information by that institution upon the
various problems that confront the dairymen of Illinois;
The speakers — collectively and individually, for the
many interesting addresses they have delivered, making of
this meeting, and entertaining, educational short course in
dairy farming;
The Harrisburg Daily Register, and to the press of the
state, generally, for the publicity given this session through
their columns;
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 89
And whereas this, the fifty-third annual convention is
the natural outgrowth of years of continuous efforts on the
part of the past officers of the association, therefore be it
resolved that the secretary be instructed to extend to the
former president, J. P. Mason of Elgin, to H. P. Irish, now
residing in California, and to all who have served as officers
or directors of the association and who are now among
the living, the greetings of the association, and an ex-
pression of recognition for their foresight and sound judg-
ment as is manifest in their valuable service to the dairy
industry of Illinois, in founding and perpetuating this organ-
ization.
And, whereas the Illinois Dairymen's Association, in
years past has and at this time, does recognize in the present
administration of the government of the state of Illinois,
a great power for good, thoroughly competent and naturally
inclined to render every possible service to the agricultural
interests of the state, therefore be it resolved that this asso-
ciation, representing 2000 members, the leading dairy farm-
ers of the state of Illinois, unreservedly endorse the ad-
ministration, most helpful in every way possible, to our in-
dustry.
And, whereas in the year 1925, the Hon. Len Small, as
Governor of the state of Illinois, saw fit to appoint one of
our number — a man who had grown up in the farming and
dairy business, the Hon. Stillman J. Stanard, as Director of
the State Department of Agriculture, therefore be it re-
solved that this association commend the Governor upon the
wisdom of his choice, which has been so thoroughly proven
by the unprecedented success of the State Department of
Agriculture, under his direction, and be it further resolved
that this association be placed on record as heartily in favor
of the continuation of the splendid service the state is now
rendering the dairy industry through the department of
agriculture, under the able guidance of the present director,
Hon. Stillman J. Stanard .
And, whereas legislation enacted has placed upon the
State Department of Agriculture, the problem of livestock
sanitation and disease control that is now presented in the
90 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
form of bovine tuberculosis, and whereas the gigantic task
of eradicating this disease from the dairy herds of Illinois
is progressing as satisfactorily as conditions permit, there-
fore be it resolved that this association fully endorse the
methods now^ employed for the eradication of bovine tuber-
culosis, and further, that we urge all owners of dairy and
breeding cattle within the state to cooperate to the fullest
extent with the State Department of Agriculture, to the end
that this infection may be speedily removed from the herds
of Illinois.
And, whereas the State of Illinois is at this time threat-
ened with an impending invasion of an insect pest, the Eu-
ropean corn borer, and, as has been experienced in states
wherein this pest has wrought much damage, regulatory
measures, promulgated and enforced by the chief executive
and the State Department of Agriculture, will become nec-
essary in order to reduce as much as possible, the loss this
pest may cause, therefore be it resolved that this association
voice the confidence of its membership in the ability of the
state administration and in the Illinois, and the Federal De-
partments of Agriculture, to render the strongest protection
that is possible, against the inroads of this destructive in-
sect, and in the University of Illinois, from which, through
exhaustive, scientific research, will evolve invaluable con-
tributions to the fund of knowledge, so essential to a suc-
cessful warfare against this foe.
And, be it further resolved that this association urge
the farmers and the citizens of Illinois as a whole, to co-
operate to the fullest extent with the efforts that these
agencies may deem best in order to unitedly combat this
enemy to corn production.
And be it further resolved that, with this assurance,
any tendency to develop within the state any panicy inclina-
tion to desert agriculture in its hour of need be summarily
suppressed.
In further recognition of the many agencies and indi-
viduals who have, in various ways, contributed to the suc-
cess of this organization, and have assisted in making this
convention a success, be it resolved that copies of these
resolutions, as adopted by this association, be spread upon
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION) **!
the records of the proceedings of this convention, that copies
be forwarded by the secretary to Hon. Len Small, Governor
of the State of Illinois, to Hon. Stillman J. Stanard, Direc-
tor of the State Department of Agriculture, and to other
interested individuals, and that copies be submitted to the
press, with leave to print.
Respectfully submitted,
STANLEY G. SMITH, Pinckneyville
Chairman
L. A. WASSON, Harrisburg
B. J. WILEY, Springfield
Committee on Resolutions.
REPORT ON NOMINATIONS
We, the nominating committee, desire to make the
following nominations for the officers of the Illinois Dairy-
men's Association, for the ensuing year:
For President, W. S. O'Hair, Paris, 111.
For Vice-president, Stillman J. Stanard, Springfield.
For Treasurer, Charles Foss, Freeport.
For Secretary, George Caven, Chicago.
For directors, we recommend that the present board of
directors be elected for the ensuing year.
(Present board of directors.)
Stillman J. Stanard, Springfield,
Charles Foss, Freeport,
T. P. Smith, Danville,
W. S. O'Hair, Paris,
C. M. Filson, Salem,
John Stelle, McLeansboro,
Jas. P. Phillips, Sesser,
George Caven, Chicago,
Harlan See, Paris,
Respectfully submitted,
LOUIS E. HAZLETT, Chairman
J. H. SWANGO,
COL. C. C. MINER.
By motion duly made and seconded the report was ac-
cepted and the ticket declared elected for the ensuing year.
1)2 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
JUDSON P. MASON
In late April, 1927, Judson P. Mason passed away.
His passing removed from Illinois a leader in dairy-
farming who had been conspicuous in state dairy work for
fully 50 years. Mr. Mason was a conspicuous success; his
dairy farm returning him good profits every year.
Mr. Mason died in his farm home that was his birth-
place and the home of his father, who got the land as a
government grant in 1845. He was always a farmer, both
dirt and dairy farmer, and proud of that fact. He delighted
to tell of an experience in a city where he knew no one and
needed money. He. went to a bank and asked to have a
check cashed, saying he was a dairy farmer in the Elgin
district. It happened he was talking to the president of the
bank. Mr. Mason's hands showed him to be a hard worker
and that helped him in the banker's estimation, but^when
the banker noticed evidence of the cow stable on Mr. Ma-
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 93
son's shoes he decided he was a man to be trusted and
cashed his check.
We said Mr. Mason had always been a farmer, but
there was a period when he was employed in the first
cheese factory established in the Fox river valley and in
Elgin.
Mr. Mason was the first president of Chicago Milk
Shippers Association, from which grew the present Milk
Producers' Association, and he was famous for being able
to show the largest percentage of profit in milk production.
For 12 years or more he was president of Illinois State
Dairymen's Association. He was on the program at the as-
sociation's second annual convention and a regular atten-
dant and worker for the dairy industry up to and including
the association's fifty-first annual meeting two years ago.
He was close to 77 years of age, having been born March
31, 1850. He was the first president of Kane County Farm
Bureau and for 22 years was a director and worked in Illi-
nois Farmer's Institute. He spoke on farm dairying in
every part of Illinois, and for years had far more of these
speaking dates than he could fill.
He was popular as a speaker, not because of any ora-
torical ability, but because he told in plain words the work
he was doing, how he did it and the results of the work on
his own farm, or rather farms, because he had several.
The writer has heard him tell fellow farmers many times
that there was no better or more profitable business than
farming, and especially dairy farming, if done as it should
be done by the united force of hands and head. It meant
work, he would say, but work is necessary to success in any
line of effort, and he would add that there was no place or
occupation where a young man, if he would apply himself,
could be surer of success than on a farm.
He made farming pay in large per cent, and for the
last 15 years of his life was a director of the Home National
Bank of Elgin. He was one of the organizers of the old El-
gin Board of Trade and prominent in its affairs during its
early years, serving some years as treasurer.
He was an old-fashioned man — no frills about him —
94 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
at home wherever he happened to be, competent and
thorough whatever his job, genial, absolutely honest, fair
in his judgment of men — in fact, a man that every one
enjoyed meeting. Probably because of his early struggles
he failed to take life easy when he acquired wealth. He
worked among his herds and in his fields as hard as any of
his hired help, answered every call he could when asked
to speak at a farmers' meeting, and was out many times
taking long trips into sections where accommodations were
crude, both in traveling and hotels, when he should have
been resting quietly at home.
He gave his services to the government during the
World War, serving in the field which he had made his
life work. His was a long and useful life.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 95
DAIRY-HERD IMPROVEMENT THROUGH
COOPERATIVE BULL ASSOCIATIONS
(By J. C. McDowell, Dairy Husbandman, U. S. Bureau of
Dairy Industry)
The ultimate goal of bull-association work is not better
bulls but better cows. It is true, however, that these better
cows can come only through the use of better sires. In
many cases, the cheapest and best way to get first-class
purebred bulls is through the work of the cooperative dairy-
bull association. This is a farmers' organization composed
of at least three divisions called blocks. Its chief purpose
is the breeding of better dairy cows through the joint
ownership, use, and systematic exchange of three or more
prepotent purebred dairy bulls with high-producing ances-
try. If possible, these bulls should be better bred and bet-
ter individuals than the best cows in any herd of the asso-
ciation.
Few dairymen are so situated financially that they
can afford to purchase a really first-class purebred bull for
a medium-sized or small herd of dairy cows; but every
dairyman, regardless of the size of his herd or the condi-
tion of his pocketbook, can well afford to own a share in
such a bull. In fact, the small dairyman with only a few
cows from which he obtains his income is the very one who
needs a high-producing dairy herd. He is the man who can
least afford the great losses that come from carelessness in
breeding. Though the bull association is adapted to pure-
bred as well as grade herds, to large herds and to those of
smaller size, to herds of high production and to those of
low production, it is especially adapted to the building up
of high-producing dairy herds in those districts where the
herds are small.
When the 1920 census was taken only 25 per cent of
the dairy bulls of the United States and only 3 per cent of
96 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
all the dairy cattle were purebred, and there was only 1
purebred bull to each 23 dairy farms. That is not a good
record for a great dairy country. To improve this con-
dition, the first step should be to eliminate all bulls except
the purebreds; the next, to prove all the purebred bulls
through the records of their daughters and to eliminate
all whose daughters are unsatisfactory . The bull associa-
tion is one of the means by which these results may be
brought about.
How Bull Associations Have Grown in Number
The growth of a movement does not always prove its
value; but in the case of dairy-bull associations, the con-
tinued and almost constant growth since the work began is
at least some indication of what the dairymen of this country
think of this method of cooperative breeding.
The work began in Michigan in 1908. Before the end
of that year there were 3 bull associations, all in that State.
In 1910 there were 9 associations, 8 in Michigan and 1 in
Minnesota. In 1915 there were 15 associations in 7 States;
in 1920, 123 associations in 30 States; and on January 1,
1927, 248 associations in 33 States, Pennsylvania ranking
first with a total number of 43. Idaho was second with 31.
Minnesota was third with 20.
On January 1, 1927, the membership of the 248 asso-
ciations was 6,057. These associations owned 1,117 bulls,
8,749 purebred cows, and 30,115 cows that were not pure-
bred. The total number of cows was 41,174, including
2,310 cows whose breeding was not reported. The growth
of these associations in number has not been especially
rapid but each year has showed a gain and the results have
been very satisfactory.
What Bull Associations are Accomplishing
The growing interest in bull-association work has come
largely because this is a practical and economical way of
building up better dairy herds. The appearance of the
daughters indicate the value of the sire, but their produc-
tion records prove his value. This is especially true when
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 97
their records have been compared with the records of their
dams.
Such comparison of records, of course, can not be
made until some of the daughters are old enough to have
completed or nearly completed their first lactation periods.
Because of this delay, cow-testing-association records of the
dams and daughters in bull-association herds have become
available slowly. So far, however, they have shown that
the bull association has been successful in its main purpose,
the building up of better herds of dairy cattle.
There are 155 yearly production records of the daugh-
ters of bull-association bulls now available from 12 States.
These have been compared with the yearly records of the
dams of the daughters. These are not the records of selected
daughters but of all those that have been tested and whose
records have been compared with the records of the dams.
On the average the dams produced 7,112 pounds of milk
and 299 pounds of butterfat a year, and the daughters
8,071 pounds of milk and 342 pounds of butterfat. On an
average the daughters excelled their dams 13.5 per cent
in milk production and 14.4 per cent in butterfat.
These percentage gains would not mean much if the
dams were low producers, but it requires a bull much
above the average purebred bull to raise the production of
his daughters above that of dams that produce each year
approximately 7,000 pounds of milk and 300 pounds of
butterfat. In order to make a fair comparison between the
records of immature and mature cows the records of all
immature cows are figured to maturity. For cows 2, 3 and
4 years of age, this is done by multiplying the records made
at these ages by 100 and dividing the result by 70, 80 and
90, respectively.
Some of the sires were very outstanding. One was
mated with dams having an average yearly milk production
of 9,300 pounds and an average yearly butterfat production
of 347 pounds. The seven daughters of this bull produced
57 per cent more milk and 44 per cent more butterfat than
the average of their dams. More remarkable still, every
daughter excelled her dam.
98 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
Another bull was mated with cows having an average
yearly butterfat production of 254 pounds. His six daugh-
ters averaged 38 per cent more butterfat than that quantity.
Another sire was mated with dams having an average year-
ly butterfat production of 256 pounds. His five daughters
produced 37 per cent more butterfat than their dams.
Not every bull-association sire increases the production
of his daughters over that of their dams. Records are now
available for 12 bull-association bulls, each having five or
more daughters. Among these 12 there are 9 whose daugh-
ters produced more milk and butterfat than their dams and
3 whose daughters produced less. It is interesting to com-
pare two of these sires. One was mated with cows having
an average yearly milk production of 7,419 pounds, yet his
daughters on an average excelled their dams by 1,645
pounds. The other bull was mated with cows having an
average yearly milk production of 7,306 pounds, and his
daughters produced on an average 1,038 pounds less than
their dams. In each case the average milk production of
the dams was about equal, but there was a big difference
in the average production of the daughters. Certainly there
is a great difference even in purebred bulls, and the pro-
duction records of the dams and daughters show how great
that difference is.
The Daughters of a Hundred Sires
Cow-testing-association figures have furnished the
yearly production records of many pairs of dams and
daughters. From these figures a hundred dairy sires have
been proved as far as five or more pairs of dam and daugh-
ter records will prove a sire. Included among these proved-
sire records are the records of the daughters of the 12 bull-
association bulls already mentioned. In every case the
yearly record of the dam has been compared with that of
the daughter after all records of immature cows were
figured to maturity. Altogether there were 641 daughters
whose records were compared with those of their dams.
On an average the dams produced 8,084 pounds of
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 99
milk and the daughters 8,752 pounds; the dams 349 pounds
of butterfat and the daughters 371 pounds. On an average
the daughters excelled the dams in milk production by 8.3
per cent and in butterfat production by 6.3 per cent. The
daughters of 67 sires excelled their dams in production of
milk, and the daughters of 72 sires excelled their dams in
production of butterfat. Among the hundred sires there
were 33 whose daughters failed to equal their dams in
yearly production of milk and 28 whose daughters failed to
equal their dams in yearly production of butterfat. Some
of these bulls might have increased the production of herds
having a lower production average; perhaps many of them
would have increased the production of an average herd;
but only the sires that raised the production of their
daughters above that of the dams of the daughters were
worthy to be in the herds in which they were used.
Is the Proposition Bankable?
If money used in any safe investment will earn more
than the interest charged, the proposition is said to be a
bankable one. Bankers have lent money to farmers many
times to help finance the purchase of purebred bulls. When
two bull associations were organized in a dairy district in
western Pennsylvania a few years ago, one of the local
banks helped to finance the purchase of bulls. Not a dollar
of these loans was lost, because the money was lent to
progressive farmers who invested it in a paying proposition.
It is not easy to determine exactly how much the best
association bulls earn for their owners because so many fac-
tors must be considered, but it is very easy to show that
these bulls return much more than ordinary interest on the
money invested in them. In order to demonstrate the pos-
sible money value of good bulls, the records of the 6 best
sires of the 12 bull-association bulls mentioned above were
arranged in the order of the gain in butterfat production
of the daughters over that of the dams of the daughters.
The results are shown in Table 1.
100
ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
TABLE 1. — Estimate value of good proved sires, based on actual rec-
ords of dams and daughters
Number of sire
Average butterfat
production per
cow
Average
gain of
daughters
over
dams
Number
of
daughters
Value of gain at 40
cents per pound
butterfat
Amount of
money on
interest at
6 per cent
to earn as
Dams
Daugh-
ters
For one
daughter
For all
daughters
much as
the gain of
the daughters
1
Pounds
347
254
256
185
156
250
Pounds
500
350
351
260
228
308
Pounds
153
96
95
75
7
6
5
1 1
$61.20
38.40
38.00
30.00
28.80
23.20
$428.40
230.40
190.00
330.00
230.40
116.00
$7,140.00
3,840.00
3,166.66
5,500.00
3,840.00
1,933.33
4
5
6
72 8
58 5
The average production of the daughters of each sire
v^as multiplied by 10 to determine v^hat the total would be
for 10 daughters, but these sires may eventually have many
times that number of daughters. Figuring on the gains of
10 daughters for each sire the first sire earns 6 per cent
annually on $10,200; the second, 6 per cent on $6,400; and
the third, 6 per cent on $6,333.
The completed tabulation shows that the average gain
of all the daughters of the 12 sires was 52 pounds of butter-
fat a year, or 520 pounds for 10 such daughters. At 40 cents
a pound the value of the increased production would amount
to $208 for the 10 daughters, or $2,080 if the sire had 100
daughters which averaged 52 pounds of butterfat more than
their dams. At 6 per cent it would require $34,667 to earn
$2,080 interest in a year.
To be sure, since some of these bulls will prove unsat-
isfactory and the others will grow too old for service, all
will finally have to be replaced ; but long before this must
be done most of them will have earned many times their
original cost. Not only do these bulls raise the average pro-
duction of the daughters above the dams, but they also have
a tendency to raise the average level of the production of
their descendants over a period of many generations. Cer-
tainly, if there are any farm organizations that merit the
confidence of bankers, the cooperative bull association must
be very near the top of that list.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 101
Testing for Production
Every well-managed bull association should provide
some means of keeping the production records of the dams
and daughters. One of the best ways to do this is through
the work of the cow-testing associations. For a long time
cows have been culled and sent to the butcher because of
their low cow-testing-association records. It is now pos-
sible to cull the bulls and send them to the butcher because
of the low cow-testing-association records of their daugh-
ters. The bull that does not get high-producing daughters
is safe from the butcher a little longer than the low-produc-
ing cow, but he is not half as safe now as he once was. At
last a way has been found to test him through the records
of his daughters. For him the cow-testing association is a
court of last resort. From its decision there is no appeal.
Not More But Better Dairy Cows
Proved bulls insure dairy-herd improvement. This
manifests itself in larger production per cow, which in-
creases the net income from the same number of cows or
brings the same net income from a smaller number. In any
case the farmer is the gainer. The figures in the following
paragraph clearly show what may be gained by breeding
up a herd of high-producing dairy cows.
In one instance there was a herd of 14 cows whose
average yearly butterfat production per cow was 137
pounds, with an average income of $25 over cost of feed.
Another herd of 8 cows had an average yearly butterfat
production of 314 pounds per cow and an average income
of $87 over cost of feed. The 14-cow herd had a total in-
come of $350 over cost of feed, and the 8-cow herd, $696.
With one more than half as many cows the smaller herd
had approximately twice the income over cost of feed.
The owner of the smaller herd could sleep an hour
longer every morning and finish the feeding and milking as
soon as the owner of the larger herd. In the evening he
could finish his work and go to a movie while the owner of
the larger herd was still busy feeding and milking his 14
102 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
low-producing cows. Not only that, but the owner of the
smaller herd would have $346 more to spend each year on
necessities or on luxuries. Why anyone will milk and care
for 14 poor cows when by joining a bull association he can
breed up a herd of better cows is difficult to understand.
Bull Association Keeps the Best
Through the system of transferring bulls from block
to block, as will be explained under the next heading, the
bull association makes it possible to keep all the bulls until
their daughters have made records and until the records of
dams and daughters have been compared. That system
makes it possible to keep all the proved bulls as long as
they live or are fit for service.
The well-managed bull association not only keeps the
good bulls, but it culls the bad. No intelligent farmer would
plant inferior seed corn if good seed were available; neither
would he knowingly use a bull that would lower the pro-
duction of his dairy herd. Until recently no simple, practical
method was used by which bulls are tested for their ability
to transmit high production to unselected daughters. Now
there is no excuse for not thus testing the sires that head
our dairy herds.
How to Organize
If the dairymen of any community desire to organize
a bull association they should obtain from their county
agent, their State agricultural college, and the United States
Department of Agriculture all the available literature on
the subject, including copies of the constitution and by-laws
in use in well-organized bull associations. After getting
all the information possible on the subject of bull asso-
ciations, they should consult with the county agent and the
dairy extension field men from the State agricultural col-
lege regarding the details of organization and a canvass
for membership.
If the membership canvass shows that an association
can be organized in the community, a meeting of those inter-
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 103
ested should be held at which time the association may be
formally organized. The State dairy extension field man
should also be present at that meeting and act in an advis-
ory capacity regarding the various steps to be taken in
forming a satisfactory organization.
The constitution and by-lav^s adopted by the associa-
tion should be brief and written in simple language. Copies
of those in use in well-organized and successful bull associa-
tions may be obtained from the extension department of the
State agricultural colleges, or from the Bureau of Dairy
Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture.
Who Should Join
Most of the 248 bull associations now in operation are
in those districts where the herds are small. These districts
are the natural places for the work to begin because the
entire cost of a well-bred bull is high per cow to the owner
of the small herd. It does not follow, however, that the bull
association is not adapted to those districts where the dairy
herds are large. The dairy-bull association is adapted to
every dairy district and to every farm on which dairy cows
of any kind are kept.
Every dairyman in this country is a prospective mem-
ber of such an organization. He has much to gain and noth-
ing to lose by joining. If the owners of small herds can pool
their small resources and buy good bulls, the owners of
large herds can pool their larger resources and buy better
bulls, while the owners of the best-bred dairy herds can
pool their still greater resources and buy the best bulls
available. Even if the financial question is no part of the
problem, the farmers may work out some method of ex-
change suitable to their conditions and be greatly benefited
thereby.
As a rule, it costs but little more and sometimes less
to own a share in a well-bred dairy bull than to be the sole
owner of an ordinary scrub. Not only is the original cost
less but also the cost for feed and care is apportioned
among all the members and falls lightly on each one.
104 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
Though the cost of feed and care for the bull is apportioned
among the members, the bulls are purchased and owned by
the entire association.
Such organizations not only make it possible to purch-
ase better bulls but also to use these good bulls much more
extensively than they have been used in private ownership
and to keep them as long as they are fit for service.
Certainly every cow-testing association might well con-
sider the idea of organizing within itself a bull association.
With equal force it may be said that every bull association
should organize into an up-to-date cow-testing association,
if possible. The cow-testing association herds need better
breeding, and the bull-association herds need testing. These
two associations working together can soon lift all our dairy
herds to a higher level of production.
Bull-Association Blocks
A typical bull association consists of ^ve blocks, each
containing one or more herds. At least one bull is assigned
to each block. In order to prevent inbreeding each bull is
advanced to the next block in the circuit at the end of
every two-year period.
In the well-managed bull association the cows with
which the bulls are mated should be tested for production
In the well-managed bull association the cows
with which the bulls are mated should be tested
for production and their records kept on file to
be compared later with the production records of
the daughters. As soon as the daughters freshen
their production records are kept, and as their lactation
period advances the record of each is compared with the
production record of the dam. Even if there is no cow-
testing association to do the testing, the owner of the herd
may keep a private record of the feed cost and production
of each cow in his herd.
As soon as enough dam and daughter records have
been obtained and compared, the association decides which
bulls shall be kept and which shall be sent to the butch-er.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 105
The money received from the sale of discarded bulls goes
into the treasury of the association, and other bulls are
bought to replace those that have been discarded. All the
members of the entire association are assessed to meet any
additional expense. Because all share this cost, the burden
is light for everyone.
Selection of Bulls
After the association has decided on the number of
bulls to buy and the price limit, the committee appointed to
purchase bulls should buy the best bulls obtainable at the
price. It is unfortunate that as yet but fev^ proved bulls
are available.
The committee should endeavor to choose v^ell-formed
bulls descended from exceptionally high-producing dams
and granddams. If this be done, the probabilities are that
selected bulls v^ill transmit to their offspring the high-pro-
ducing qualities of the ancestors. Eventually the time will
come when bulls will be selected on the records of descen-
dants as well as on those of ancestors. When that time
comes dairying will have completely eliminated another
piece of guesswork.
One Breed for Each Association
In the well-organized bull association only one breed
of bull is used. As the bulls are shifted from block to block
every two years it is essential that all should be of the
same breed, and it is advisable that as far as possible all
should be of like quality. Using bulls of the same breed
and of like high quality gradually builds up herds of the
same or similar breeding. Naturally, buyers looking for ani-
mals of this breed are attracted to this district.
A dairyman in northern Wisconsin kept a herd of
Guernseys in a Holstein district, believing that he would
have a monopoly of the business in that breed. He did
have a monopoly, but he was greatly disappointed because
buyers did not come his way. The buyers went to those
districts where there were many Guernsey herds.
106 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
When buyers of dairy cattle want Guernseys, or Jer-
seys, or Holsteins, or Ayrshires, or Brown Swiss they go
to those districts where there are large numbers of ani-
mals of their chosen breed. Therefore, by encouraging the
building up of many herds of the same breed in a commun-
ity the bull association brings a better sale of surplus stock.
A Great Loss in Dairying
Probably the greatest loss in dairying results from
killing a large percentage of our best purebred bulls before
their true value has been determined through the produc-
tion records of the daughters. The well-managed bull as-
sociation prevents this slaughter in its members* herds.
This work should be extended by organizing many bull as-
sociations. Instead of hundreds, these organizations should
be numbered in tens of thousands, and they should ex-
tend into every agricultural district in this country,
One reason given for killing these bulls is that they
had become a dangerous menace to human life. There
is a saying that it is usually the so-called harmless bull that
kills his keeper, and that "the only safe bull is a dead bull."
It may be truthfully said that the only safe living bull is
the one that is kept continually in a properly built bull pen.
Painstaking precautions should therefore be used at all
times. Plans for a pen that will actually keep the bull where
he can do no harm may be obtained from the State colleges
of agriculture or from the United States Department of
Agriculture.
There may be other ways of saving good bulls than
through the work of the bull associations; ways that are
better adapted to certain dairy districts and that will ap
peal to many dairymen, but the goal is always the same:
The saving of all well-bred sires until their true value is
known in order that the dairy herds may be improved.
The plan that will bring about this desired result will
accomplish much for the dairy world. It will cut the cost
of production on our dairy farms and gradually but cer-
tainly eliminate a great loss in dairying.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 107
Looking Forward
Considerable progress has been made in dairying by-
selecting for breeding purposes the descendants of high
producers, but the most rapid progress can only be made
by looking forward as well as backward. The records of
the first five or six daughters determine with some degree
of certainty the true value of a dairy bull ; and it is doubt-
ful whether any bull, regardless of his breeding, should
head any well-bred herd until a number of his daughters
have been tested and found to have much higher records
than their dams. Until such time, however, as good proved
sires are made available, bulls with high-producing an-
cestry must be relied upon. When all dairy bulls are re-
quired to pass through a probationary period before they
are allowed to head a dairy herd, when only proved sires
are allowed to become the sires of many daughters, and
when the best of these sires are used to their full capacity,
then, and not until then, may a great advance in the econ-
omical production of our dairy herds be expected.
The means of making this work successful are now at
hand. The cow-testing association, at little cost, keeps the
records of dams and daughters; and the bull association
makes it possible to keep a good dairy sire for 10 or 12
years, or as long as he is fit for service without danger of
inbreeding. Without fail, these two associations, when
properly managed, will in a few generations transform poor
scrub herds into herds of high production.
Summary
The ultimate goal of the bull association is better cows.
The cooperative dairy-bull association is a farmers'
organization whose chief purpose is the breeding of better
dairy cows through the joint ownership, use, and systematic
exchange of prepotent purebred dairy bulls of high-pro-
ducing ancestry.
The dairyman of limited means is the one who can
least afford the great losses that come from carelessness in
breeding.
The first bull association in the United States was or-
108 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
ganized in Michigan in 1908. There are now 248 bull as-
sociations in 33 States.
A study of the records of the daughters of bull-asso-
ciation bulls showed an average yearly mature production
of 8,071 pounds of milk and 342 pounds of butterfat. In
milk production the daughters excelled the dams by 13.5
per cent and in butterfat production by 14.4 per cent.
Some of the sires are very outstanding. One sire was
mated with cows having an average yearly milk production
of 9,300 pounds and an average yearly butterfat produc-
tion of 347 pounds, yet his seven daughters from these cows
excelled their dams by 57 per cent in milk production and
by 44 per cent in production of butterfat.
In many localities the banks are helping to finance
the purchase of better dairy sires. One bank helped to
finance the purchase of bulls for two bull associations.
Through the system of transferring bulls from block
to block, the bull association makes it possible to keep all
proved bulls as long as they live or are fit for service.
The State agriculture colleges and the Bureau of Dairy
Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture
will furnish information regarding the organization of bull
associations.
In answer to the question, who should join a bull as-
sociation, every dairyman is a prospective member. The
bull association is adapted to every locality and to dairy
herds of all sizes.
The typical bull association consists of five blocks to
each of which one bull is assigned. All the bulls are owned
by the association.
If possible proved bulls should be selected. When this
is impossible the bulls should be selected on the production
records of dams and granddams.
In a bull association the bulls must all be of the same
breed.
Much progress has been made by selecting bulls on the
records of their dams and granddams. The most rapid pro-
gress can not come until dairy sires are selected on the pro-
duction records of their daughters.
1. Herman Thomas, Georgetown. 4. Champ Davis, Harrisburg.
2. Harlan Austin Swango, Paris. ^ 5. Elmer Colclasure, Flora.
3. Wanda Ivaline Thomas, Harrisburg. 6. Edward Timpner, Pinckneyville.
Prize winners in the membership contest for Illinois State Dairymen's Association,
Harrisburg, Saline County, 111., Jan. 1927
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION
109
MEMBERSHIP LIST
Life Members
HANSEN, C. N., Champaign, Pion-
eer Cry. Co.
HORNEMAN, H. C, Danville, c. o.
Sugar Creek Cry.
MC CORMICK, MRS. MEDILL,
Chicago, 1708 London Guaran-
tee Bldg.
NIELSEN, LOUIS, Galesburg,
Pioneer Creamery Co.
KRAFT CHEESE COMPANY,
Stockton, Factory B. S. Bailey.
THE ALTAMONT CREAMERY,
(Frank Schumacker) Altamont.
CHANDLER, E. W., Chicago,
Creamery Package Mfg. Co.
SNOW, CHARLES H., (Snow &
Palmer), Bloomington.
ZIMMERMAN, E., Peoria,
Church's Creamery.
DeLAVEL SEPARATOR CO.. Chi-
cago, 111.
DORSEY, L. S., Moro.
O'HAIR, W. S., Paris.
FILSON, C. M., Salem.
STELLE, JOHN, McLeansboro
FOSS, CHAS., Orangeville.
STANARD, S. J., Springfield.
PHILLIPS, JAMES R., Sesser.
CAVEN, GEORGE, Chicago, 136
West Lake St.
SMITH, T. P., Danville.
JORGENSEN, F. A., Champaign.
MILES, LESLIE, Lawrenceville.
ROLL, GEO., Paris.
REDMAN, JOHN, Paris, Rte 5.
FRAZIER, BOYES, Paris, Rte 5.
FRAZIER, EDGAR J., Paris, 111
E. Crawford.
BENTHALL, P. L., Sheller, Rte 1.
BOLAND, CHESTER, Paris.
ARBUCKLE, ROSCOE, Paris.
SEE, HARLAN, Paris.
Members for Year
A
ABNEY, GROVER, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
ANDERSON, GEORGE E., Harris-
burg.
AUSTIN, SHADE, Harrisburg, 118
W. Long St.
ALDERSON, WM. A., Virden, 422
N. Springfield.
ALDERSON, WALTER D., Vir-
den, R. F. D.
ALDERSON, LLOYD A., Carlin-
ville, R. F. D.
ABNEY, EVERETT, Harrisburg.
R. F. D. 1.
AUSTIN, C. H., Carrier Mills.
ALBRITTAN, BLUFORD, Vienna.
ADAMS, H. L, Harrisburg.
ADAMS, R. W. P., Harrisburg,
"P -p -pj q
ANDERSON,* S. N., Harrisburg,
311 W. South St.
AYDELETT, A. T., Equality.
ANDERSON, CARL, Ault, Colo.
ALLEN, CHAS. JR., Broughton,
R. F. D.
AYDELETT, C. A., Equality.
ARNOLD, JOS., Ledford.
ARENSMAN, O., Harrisburg.
ALLEN, FRED, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
ABNEY, A. D., Harrisburg.
110
ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
ADAMSON, TOM, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 2.
ASBROOK, J. B., Eldorado,
R. F. D. 2.
ALVEY, L., Harrisburg, R. F. D. 4.
ALVEY, W. A., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
AMMON, HENRY, Carrier Mills,
R. F. D. 1.
ANDERSON, HENRY, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
ALLEN, ELBERT, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
ALLEN, GEORGE H., Equality.
AUD, F. R., Harrisburg, R. F. D. 1.
ARCHORDSON, R. R., Chicago,
4433 Ogden Ave.
ALLISON, A. T., Alvin.
STATE BANK OF ALVIN, Alvin.
ASTROTH, FRANK B., St. Paul,
Minn., University Farm.
ALLISON, HOWARD, Alvin.
ANDERSON, A. J., Flora, 600 S.
Main St.
ASHER, CHAS., Paris, 705 Mar-
shall St.
ASHER, CHAS., Paris, 705 Mar-
shall St.
ARBUCKLE, R., Paris, R. F. D. 3.
ARTHUR, G. H., Pinckneyville.
ALDEN, ROY, Pinckneyville.
A. H. ARNOLD & CO., Chicago,
718 W. Randolph St.
ARMOUR CREAMERIES, Terre
Haute, Ind.
ALMY, MR. WILLIAM, George-
town.
ALEXANDER, WM. H., Mound
City, Kans.
ADAMS, H. M., Georgetown, 113
Plum St.
ALLEN ELECTRIC CO., Danville,
W. North St.
A. H. ARNOLD & CO., Chicago,
718 W. Randolph St.
B
BLACKMAN, T. L., Equality.
BRAMLET, J. N., Harrisburg.
BERTINO, LOUIS, Muddy.
BERKEL, A. E., Equality, R. F. D.
2.
BERRY, KENNETH, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
BERRY, J. M., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
4.
BASINGER, J. H., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
BLACKMAN, A. P., Mitchlesville.
BLACKMAN, H. V., Harrisburg,
R F D 3
BLACKMAN, ROBERT, Equality.
BILLMAN, JOHN, Harrisurg,
R. F. D. 4.
BLACKMAN, OSCAR, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
BAKER, P. T., Equality, R. F. D.
1.
BRAMLET, R. H., Eldorado,
R. F. D. 1.
ERAMLET, R. G., Eldorado,
R. F. D. 1.
BAKER, LEWIS, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
BARTER, JEWELL, Harrisburg.
BLACKMAN, CRESSIE, Hatche-
ville.
BASINGER, OLIVER, Harrisburg.
R. F. D. 4.
BAKER, JOHN, Harrisburg.
BROWN, W. H., Eldorado.
BOATRIGHT, H. R.,. Harrisburg.
BARNET, J. W., Stonefort.
R. F. D. 1.
BUTLER, CHARLES V., Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 3.
BALDWIN, J. W., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
BURKELOW, EZRA, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
BRUSH, GEORGE, Vienna.
BRUCE, W. A., Norris City.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION
111
B
BYNUM, F. M., Stonefort.
BEGGS, LON, Stonefort.
BLACKMAN, DR. S. J., Harris-
burg.
BIRGER, LOUIE, Har*isburg.
BUSLER, GEORGE, Raleigh.
BRASHEARS, J. W., Harrisburg.
BOND, CLEVELAND, Galatia,
R. F. D. 1.
BUMGARNER, ROSS, Ledford.
BRAMLET, SHERMAN, Eldorado,
R. F. D. 1.
BARGER, ELBERT, Eddyville.
BROADWAY, AUGUST, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 1.
BRAMLET, WILLARD, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 5.
BALDWIN, J. B., McLeansboro.
BRISSENDEN, L. F., Flora.
BARGER, ELBERT, Eddyville.
BROADWAY, AUGUST, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 4.
BRAMLET, WILLARD, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 5.
BARNETT, SHERMAN, Harris-
burg.
BAKER, GEORGE, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
BROCKMAN, FRED, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
BROWN, SAM, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
BAKER, TURNER, Equality.
BURKHART, C. E., Raleigh.
BARRETT, W. T., Eldorado,
R. F. D. 1.
BARTON, T. L., Eldorado, R. F. D.
1.
BARGER, HOLLIS, Mitchellsville.
BUCHANAN, R. L., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
BEAN, NORVAL, Eldorado,
R. F. D. 1.
BRAMLET, W. R., Eldorado.
BARTON, E. M., Eldorado,
R. F. D. 1.
BRADEN, JOHN, Raleigh.
BURKLOW, C. E. Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
BASHAM, J. G., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
BEAN, CHAS. M., Eldorado,
T> -p TTV O
BEACH, IVY, Vienna.
BEACH, J. O., Vienna.
BEACH, MONROE, Vienna.
BLACKARD, W. J., Harrisburg.
West Poplar St.
BERRY, J. H., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
4.
BERRY, H. 0., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
BOURLAND, V. D., Harrisburp,
R. P. D. 3.
BARTER, TOM, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1, Box 128.
BAKER, 0. C, Harrisburg, .
R. F. D. 1.
BAKER, C. E., Galatia.
BARGER, HERBERT, Stonefort.
BUTLER, TAYLOR, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
BARNES, S. A., Omaha, Nebr ,
R. F. D. 3.
BRAMLETT, CALVIN, Carrier
Mills, R. F. D. 1.
BRIDE, WM., Villa Ridge.
BIRD, L. C, Galatia, R. F. D. 2.
BARNES, ALLEN, Harrisburg.
BOND, MRS. JOHN, Galatia,
R. F. D. 2.
BOND, DR. R. G., Harrisburg.
BISHOP, C. E., Raleigh.
BOATRIGHT, A. O., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
BROTHERS, CHAS., Carrier Mills,
R. F. D.
BAKER, RAY, Harrsiburg, R. F. D.
1.
BAKER, MANNIE, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
BARRINGER, A., Galatia.
BAKER, J. H. JR., Galatia.
BOND, GEO. JR., Galatia.
BRUCE, LEN, Norris City.
BROWlvI, ETNA, Carmi.
BROWN, GEORGE, Urbana, 806
W. Green St.
BEACH, EDDIE, Vienna.
112
ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
B
BUSSING, E. H., Danville.
BELTON CANDY CO., Danville,
277 E. Mont St.
BONEFELD, HARRY, Danville,
122 N. Logan Ave.
BINGHAM, ALFRED, Alvin.
BROWN, C. C, Alvin.
BORDERS, 0. P., Rossville.
BUSHNELL FEED CO., Danville,
East North St.
BOND, L. F., Rossville.
BOGARD, GEO. F., Flora.
BAY, GEO., Flora.
BUSLER, GEORGE, Decatur.
BOYETT, J. L., Eldorado.
BUTTERWORTH, ALFRED,
Rudement.
BYRUM, ORLANDO, Harrisburg.
BARNES, H. P., Harrisburg, 212
W. Church St.
BURNS, MARY A., Oliver.
BEATTY, O. H., Paris, R. F. D. 4.
BOYER ICE CREAM CO., Paris,
W. Court St. 242.
BISHOP & MORRIS, Paris, So.
Central.
BIGHAM, Gilbert, Pinckneyville.
BROWN MOTOR COMPANY,
Pinckneyville.
BROWN, J. E., Ridgefarm,
R. F. D. 2.
BLAMFORD, O. E., Paris, 410 W.
CravTford.
BUSSART, CHAS., Paris, R. F. D.
5.
BLAIR, JOHN, Paris, 316 W.
Madison St.
BUSSING, E. H., Danville, 3 W.
Harrison St.
A. H. BARBER GOODHUE CO.,
Chicago, 300 W. Austin Ave.
BROWN, EARL, Sidell.
BROOKS, HARVEY, Georgetown.
BAILEY, C. B., Indianola.
BALDWIN, S. F., Idianola, R. F. D.
1.
BALKANEY, C. W., Georgetown,
R. F. D. 1.
BROOKSHIER, M. L., George-
town, 216 N. State St.
BLACK, WARD M., Georgetown.
BURCH, I. C, Georgetown, 419
Garfield Ave.
BROWN, GEO. B., Urbana, 806
W. Green St.
BOMFIELD, HARRY, Danville,
122 Logan Ave.
BRIDGFORD, LYLE, Joy.
BERGSTROM, AUG., Galesburg.
CREST, ED, SR., Equality.
CLARK, CHARLES, Harrisburg,
1102 S. McKinley St.
CLARY, CHARLES, Harrisburg,
303 W. Maple.
CHURCH, MRS. NORA, Equality,
R F D 2
CHURCH, *R. F., Equality, R. F. D.
2.
CHRISMAN, H. L., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
CUMMINS, J. D., Harrisburg.
CHURCH. OSCAR, Harrisburg,
"p xp "P) q
CUMMINS & MATTINGLY, Har-
risburg, R. F. D. 3.
CABEL, OSCAR, Raleigh.
CAIN, PERRY, Harrisburg.
CAVENDER, D. E., Harrisburg.
CORNICK, I. J., Harrisburg, 124
N. Mill St.
CLARK, CHAS. E., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
CAPEL, DR. J. W., Harrisburg.
CLARK, R. B., Harrisburg.
CUMMINS, 0. 0., Harrisburg.
CLARK, LEON, Clay City.
CROSS, ROY, Clay City.
CLARK, STANLEY, Birmingham,
Sask. Canada.
CLARK, A. R., Harrisburg.
CROSSON, S. I., Carrier Mills.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION
113
COWGUER, JOHN W., Stonefort.
CARPENTER, DAN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
C4RER0N, RAY, Eldorado.
CANNON, BRATCHER, Harris-
burg, 712 S. McKinley.
COZART, IRA, Harrisburg, Box
306.
CUMMINS, J. H., Harrisburg, 121
S. Mills St.
COTTON, STEPHEN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
CLARK, HAWKINS, WHSE, C,
Harrisburg.
CLAYTON, GROVER, Harrisburg.
COTTOR, W. 0., Thompsonville.
CABLE, T. S., Raleigh.
CLARK, F. A., Mt. Sterling.
CLORE, HARVEY, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
COZART, OSCAR, Ledford.
CANTRELL, W. A., Raleigh.
CARR, W. HESTLER, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
COGDILL, GEORGE, Karbers
Bldg.
CAIN, T. J., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
2.
CROWDER, ARTHUR, Carrier
Mills.
CAIN, M. P., Carrier Mills, R. F. D.
3.
CUMMINS, ROBERT, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
CARDWELL, J. S., West End.
COLLINS, J. PHIL, Eldorado.
COOK, JAMES C, Harrisburg,
271/2 W. Poplar St.
CAIN, EARL, Raleigh.
CABLE, LYNN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
COOK, ARTHUR, Harrisburg.
CAVENDER, ROBERT, Harris-
burg.
CAVENDER, HERBERT, Harris-
burg.
CUMMINS, E. W., Harrisburg, E.
Poplar St.
COOK, THOS., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
CLARK, V. E., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
CRANK, JOHN, Harrisburg,
R F D ^
COTTER,* OSCAR, Galatin.
COLEMAN, ED, Harrisburg.
CLARK, HOWARD, Harrisburg,
"P "p T) O
CAPEL, KENNETH, Harrisburg.
COULEHAN, ED., Harrisburg, 311
E. Poplar St.
COFFEE, L. E., Harrisburg.
CLARK, CURTIS, McLeansboro.
COLBERT, ALVIN, Eagle.
CHAMNESS, GEO., Creal Springs.
COOK, ANDREW, Eldorado.
CARTER, W. J., Ipava.
CUMMINS, CASPER, Harrisburg,
"P -pt T-\ q
CHILDERS, H., Harrsiburg,
R. F. D. 1.
CLARIDA, JOHN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
CLYMORE, DAN, Vienna.
CLYMORE, HARRIS, Vienna.
CARLTON, THOS., Vienna.
CARTER, WILL, Vienna.
CARTER, MERRITT, Vienna.
COWAN, THOS. J., Vienna.
CRANE, G. C, Pence, Indiana,
R. F. D. 1.
CAMPBELL, L. R., Bismark,
R. F. D. 1.
CONSOLIDATED PROD. CO.,
Chicago, 4750 Sheridan Rd.
CRAGS, GEO., Rossville.
CARTER, HOMER, Alvin.
COLBURG, WM., Alvin.
CRANE, WALTER S., Rossville.
CORNELL, THOS., Rossville.
CREIGHTON, LEWIS, Alvin.
CHAMBLISS, H. C, Flora, Box
667.
COX, RILEY, Paris, R. F. D. 3.
CASSITY, J. R., Paris, R. F. D. 3.
CLINE, FRED, Paris, R. F .D. 4.
CASSITY, J. R., Paris, R. F. D. 3.
114
ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
CLAPP, C. C, Dudley, R. F. D. 12.
CLAPP, MRS. BLANCH, Dudley,
R. F. D. 12.
CRAIG, E. W., Paris, A & P Store.
COX, M. B., Dudley, R. F. D. 12.
CAMPBELL, JOHN A., Mt. Sterl-
ing, R. F. D. 6.
CONLEY, E., Bushton.
CONLEY, J. E., Bushton.
CONLEY, R. E., Charleston.
CRAIG, ORLAN, Rardin.
CRAIG, A. L., Rardin.
CRAIG, FOY, Bushton.
CONLEY, CLARENCE, Fair
Grange.
CRAIG, T. C, Charleston.
CONYNGTON, JOHN, Pinckney-
ville.
CARLSON, EDW., Pinckneyville.
CHANDLER, E. W., Chicago, 61
W. Kinzie St.
THE CHURCH CREAMERY, Peo-
ria.
CONRON HDWE. COMPANY,
Danville, 116 E. Main St.
CARTER, ALBERT, Jamaica.
CHAPMAN, ROBERT, George-
town, R. F. D. 2.
CAMPBELL, MARY, J., Ridge-
farm, R. F. D. 2.
CALDWELL, R. E., c. o. Cramer-
Krasselt Co., Milwaukee, Mich.
& Milwaukee Sts.
COGGESHALL, L. B., Indianola.
COURTEA, D. K., Knoxville.
CRISSY, N. O., Galesburg.
DURFEE, FRANK, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
DAVIS, ALBERT, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
DAVIS, J. W., Harrisburg, 115 W.
South St.
DAVIS, W. W., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
DAVIS, T. O., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
4.
DIXON, MARY, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
DUNN, OLIVER, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
DAVIS, B. F., Eldorado, R. F. D. 1.
DAVIS, R. A., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
4.
DUVALL, JOS., Stonefort.
DAVIS, ARTHUR, Broughton.
DAVIS, CHAMP, Harrisburg, 115
W. South St.
DALLAS, VERDA, Carrier Mills.
DAVIS, J. W. F., Harrisburg,, S.
Vine St.
DALLAS, J. H., Carrier Mills,
R. F. D.
DARNELL, LON, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
DILLARD, WILL, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
DAVIS, C. A., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
4.
DAVIS, EMMA, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
DUNN, JOHN, Vienna.
DICK, A. T., Vienna.
DARROW, JAMES, Vienna.
DORRIS BROTHERS, Harris-
burg.
DURFEE, LEWIS, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
DENEAL, S. J., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
DENEAL, A. P., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
DENEAL, H. L., Harrisburg,
R. F. D^3.
DEVILLEZ, VERN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
DUN, WILL, Eldorado, R. F. D. 1.
DALLAS, ELMER, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
DUNN, BERT, Harrisburg.
DIXON, ROY C, Harrisburg.
DUFF, WALLACE, Clay City.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION
115
DEVILLEZ, W. A., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
DAVIS, BEN H., Eldorado.
DEVILLEZ, HARRY, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
DIEFENBACH, LOUIS, Stone-
fort.
DAVIS, JOHN H., Harrisburg.
DURHAM, RAY, Harrisburg.
DONOHOO, W. A., Equality.
DAUGHERTY, W. H., Galatia,
R. F. D. 1.
DAVIS, WARD O., Eldorado.
DROIT, ALFRED, Galatia,
R. F. D. 1.
DE JARNETT, BERT, Galatia,
R. F. D. 1.
DUNN, LOGAN, Stonefort.
DALTON, ROY, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
DORRIS, HUGH, Harrisburg.
DURHAM, W. A., Galatia.
DORRIS, W. A., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
DUTOUR, R. J., Pana.
DANVILLE WHSE. GROG. CO.,
Danville.
DANVILLE MORNING PRESS,
Danville.
DUNDAN, FRED, Potomac.
DORNFIELD, FRANK, Hoopston.
DONOVAN, DR., Roseville.
DAVIDSON, JOHN, Roseville.
DOW, ROSCOE, Flora, R. F. D.
DOW, LOREN, Louisville.
DANIELS, C. M., Paris, 304 N.
Main St.
DOROTHY, JAY, Dudley, R. F. D.
12.
DONALDSON, BERT, Ramsy.
DOYLE, LARRY S., Paris.
DAVIDSON, RAY, Paris, R. F. D.
5.
DEVER, J. E., Rardin.
DOERR, EARL, Pinckneyville.
DUDENBOSTLE, HUGE, Pinck-
neyville.
THE DUQUOIN CRY & BOTTL-
ING CO., Dequoin.
DRAKE, WM. H., Perysville, Ind.
DAVISON, MR. GEO. N., Sidell,
R. F. D. 1.
DICKSON, THELMA, Sidell.
DUKES, C. E., Georgetown.
DUKES, R. F., Georgetown.
THE DAIRY FARMER, Des
Moines, Iowa.
DENNIS, W. A., Paris.
DOINNE, M. J., Beaverville.
ESTES, JAMES, Harrisburg,
R. F.^D. 3.
ENDICOTT, T. O., Harrisburg.
ELDER, N. F., Eldorado.
ESTES, EARL J., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
ENDSLEY, JAMES, Harrisburg.
EWELL, J. E., Rudement.
EDWARDS, TOM, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
ELDORADO HOME TELE. CO.,
Eldorado.
ERWOOD, JOHN, Eldorado.
EGYPTIAN MAY TAG, Harris-
burg.
ETIENNE, CLARENCE, Eldora-
do, R. F. D. 2.
EDWARDS, J. M., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
EWELL, CRISSIE, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
ENGLEBY, BOB, Harrisburg.
EVANS, JOHN, Harrisburg.
ELLIOTT, T. O., Harrisburg, Box
322
EMPSON, HERMAN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
EWELL, S. S., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
EVANS, ED, Harrisburg.
116
ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
EVERETT PANKEY, c. o. Pan-
key's Stand, S. Main St., Har-
risburg.
ERKMAN, JOHN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
EVANS, MARIE, Harrisburg.
EVANS, EVERETT, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
EVANS, W. H., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
ELDER, GLEN, Eldorado, R. F. D.
EDWARDS, HORACE, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 1.
ELKINS, JOE, Vienna.
EVANS, SHERMAN, Vienna.
ELDER, C. F., Harrisburg.
ELLIOTT, R. E., Hoopeston.
EVANS, G. E., Hoopeston.
ELLIOTT BROTHERS, Hoopes-
ton.
ESWORTHY, FRED, Rossville.
ELLEDGE, LOYD, Paris, R. F. D.
4.
ELDREDGE, WILLIAM E., Oli-
ver, R. F. D. 1.
EASTER, L. H., Paris, Box 157.
EDWARDS, W. 0., Pinckneyville.
ERWIN, DR. J. A., Pinckneyville.
THE ELGIN BUTTER TUB CO.,
Elgin.
EVANSVILLE PURE MILK CO.,
Evansville, Ind. (Glen Ogle)
F
FARRAR, FRED, Jacob, R. F. D.
1.
FOSTER, JOHN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
FOX, RILEY, Harrisburg, R. F. D.
4.
FARWEE, JOHN H., Delwood.
FRITS, WM., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
2.
FRYER, GEORGE, Covington,
Tenn.
FRYER, WILLIE, Covington,
Tenn.
FRYER, ROY, Covington, Tenn.
FIRWE, N. E., Harrisburg,
R F D S
FIVASH, W. J., Galatia.
FULLER, W. T., Vienna.
FOSTER, MARGIE, Harrisburg.
FOWLER, HENRY, Harrisburg.
FLETCHER, J. W., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
FLEMMING, JAMES, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
FARMER, WILL, Vienna, R. F. D.
4.
FARLEY, HARDIN, Vienna.
FARRIS, HARTSELL, Vienna.
FARRIS, LAWRENCE, Vienna.
FARRIS, J. W., Vienna.
FERRIS, WARD, Vienna.
FERRELL, J. G., Equality.
FOX, WALTER, Harrisburg.
FARRELL, ORVAL, Harrisburg.
FUGITT, GUY, Pontiac, Mich., 155
E. Pike St.
FUGITT, ORAL, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
FLOTA, ERNIE, Harrisburg, 910
S. Granger St.
FLOTA, C. T., Harrisburg.
FREEDMAN, SAM, Harrisburg.
FAVEREAU, ALEC, Harrisburg.
FOWLER, JAMES, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
FLANDERS, RALPH, Harris-
burg.
FOX, LEWIS, Harrisburg, R. F. D.
4.
FARMER, SAM, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
FINNEY, MR. H. N., Harrisburg.
FERGUSON, C. A., Harrisburg.
FIVASH, JESSE G., Galatia,
R F D 2
FOSTER, NEAL, Muddy.
FOX, GEORGE, Eldorado.
FOX, MARION, Eldorado.
FARMER, IRA, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION
117
FOSTER, EMMETT, Harrisburg,
c. o. S. Foster.
FIFE, TOM, Carrier Mills.
FAHLMAN, DUNCAN J., Detroit,
Mich., Buhl Stamping Co.
FARALL, FOREST 0., Danville,
1112 N. Gilbert St.
FISHER & McKEE, Danville.
FRAME, J. W., Danville, Sugar
Creek Cry. Co.
FRIED, CHAS., Danville, Sugar
Creek Cry. Co.
FILSON, GLEN C, Taylorville,
Train Dispatcher.
FINLEY BROTHERS, Danville.
FLORA HIGH SCHOOL DAIRY
CLUB, Flora.
FIDLER, A. D., Paris, R. F. D. 7.
FLICKNER, JAMES, Paris,
R. F. D. 11.
FRAZIER, JOHN T., Robinson.
FRAZIER, BIRCHIE, Dudley,
R. F. D. 12.
FEITSAM, A. F., Marion, R. F. D.
6.
FRIZ, REV. A., Pinckneyville.
ERASER, W. T., Champaign, c. o.
University.
FREEMAN, CHAS., Enfield.
FAIRBANKS MORSE & COM-
PANY, Chicago, 900 S. Wabash
Ave.
FISHER, DR. J. G., Danville, 1014
N. Logan Ave.
FITZSIMMONS, RAY, Ridgefarm.
FINNEY, WALTER, Sidell,
R. F. D. 1.
FINNEY, DR. L., Georgetown.
FRAME, J. W., Danville, 123 N.
Washington Ave.
FINLEY, G., Danville, R. F. D.
FULLER, LUTHER, Ag. Agt. C. &
E. I., Danville.
GARTER, L. C, Equality.
GUARD, CHAS. L., Harrisburg.
GATES, B. D., Harrisburg.
GIBBLE, R. T., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
GATES, R. L., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
3.
GATES, A. J., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
4.
GIBBONS, PLEAS, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
GRAMLICH, BERT, Harrisburg.
GRAY, F. S., Harrisburg, 601 N.
^Vebster.
GRIGSBY, WILL, Harrisburg.
GRACE, CHARLES, Harrisburg.
GRANT, W. A., Harrisburg.
GATES, HERMAN, Eldorado.
GRABLE, LAWRENCE, Eldorado.
GRISHAM, W. D., Eldorado.
GOLDEN, C. A., Harrisburg.
GERABACHER, R., Harrisburg.
GASKINS, CHARLES, Harris-
burg, S. Vine St.
GHENT, MRS. OLA, Harrisburg,
500 N. Webster St.
GREGG, T. Y., Harrisburg.
GORE, ALBERT G., Galatia.
GUNTER, WALTER, Eldorado,
R. F. D. 1.
GLASCOCK, RAY, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
GLASCOCK, GEO., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
GRIBBLE, JOHN, Rudement.
GRIBBLE, ALBERT, Rudement.
GIDCUMB, W. E., Mitchellsville.
GRAY, WILL, Galatia.
GIBBS, C. M., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
3.
GIBBS, JESS, Kerber's Ridge,
R. F. D. 1, Box 24K.
GARRETT, THOMAS, Vienna.
GREGG, W. E., Omaha, R. F. D. 3.
GODDARD, C. W., Omaha.
GOLLIHER, J. W., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
GOLLIHER, T. P., Galatia.
18
ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
GOODMAN, ALBERT, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 3.
GORE, CARROLL, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
GATES, HENRY, Harrisburg.
GARRETT, D. G., Norris City.
GIVENS, C. P., Carmi.
GAGE, WILL, Vienna.
GAGE, JOHN, Vienna.
GORDON, ALLEN T., Danville,
Chamber of Commerce.
GUBBINS, JOS. X., Chicago, 1144
Conway Bldg.
GREEN, CHAS., Rossville.
GEZEL, F. A., Sterling, 807 V2 W.
4th St.
GOLDEN, S. R., Flora.
GRAHAM, RAY, Flora.
GIBSON, C. E., Flora, Flora Nat'l
Bank.
CLICK, J. E., Chrisman.
GUMM, FRED, Paris, R. F. D. 7.
GUMM, CLARENCE, Paris.
GLECKLER, SAM F., Paris,
R. F. D. 4.
GLECKLER, MRS. O. J., Mattoon,
1012 Wabash Ave.
GREIG, JAMES, Chicago, 10435
Ave. L.
GIVENS EAST FARM, Mt. Sterl-
ing.
CORNET, ARTHUR A., Marion,
408 W. Van Buren St.
GEUMALLEY, CHAS., Pinckney-
ville.
GRUNER, F. O., Pinckneyville.
GRUNER, GEO., Pinckneyville.
GINN, JAKE, Pinckneyville.
GEORGE, R. W., Springfield.
GUBBINS, JOS. X., Chicago, Pat-
terson Parchment Co.
THE GRESSELLI CHEMICAL
CO., Chicago, 2107 Canalport
Ave.
J. H. GREENHALGH & CO., Chi-
cago, 332 S. Michigan Ave.
GALLAGHER, MR. GLEN,
Georgetown, R. F. D. 1.
GAHAN, J. W., Jamacia.
GAINES, FRED, Sidell, R. F. D. 1.
GREEN, ALBERT, Georgetown,
R. F. D. 1.
GREEN, MELVIN, Georgetown,
R F D 2
GUINN, SAM, Sugar Creek Cry.
Co., Watseka.
GALESBURG NAT'L. BANK,
Galesburg.
H
HEISTER, ED, Harrisburg, 206
N. Jackson St.
HAYES, ELVIS, Broughton.
HAWKINS, EVERETT, Harris-
burg, 125 N. Park Ave.
HEATHERLY, EZRA, Harrisburg,
119 S. Granger St.
HECK, A. v., Eldorado, R. F. D.
3.
HUTCHINSON, W. E., Galatia,
R. F. D. 1 Box 83.
HULL, CLARENCE, Eagle.
HOLLAWAY, J. P., Harrisburg,
N. Jackson St.
HAWKINS, RICHARD, Neelyville.
Mo.
HAWKINS, HUBERT, Harrif=burg,
609 S. Main St.
HERRMAN, N. A., Harrisburg, 17
W. Poplar St.
HAGLER, MILLARD, Harrisburg,
S. Granger St.
HARRIS, FRANK, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
HARRIS, GEORGE, Harrisburg,
R. F. D.
HOGG, THOMAS, Harrisburg,
R. F. D.
HULL, JOHN G., Harrisburg,
R. F. D.
HICKS, J. F., Harrisburg,R. F. D.
HARRIS, EZRA, Galatia, R. F. D.
2.
HALE, BROTHER, Raleigh.
HARRELL, J. E., Norris City.
HEATHMAN, MRS. JULIA, Ra-
leigh.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION
119
H
HOLMES, R. E., Harrisburg, 113
W. Elm St.
HUNTER, JOE, Rudement.
HARRISON, SHAD, Harrisburg.
HENSEN, GEO., Carrier Mills.
R. F. D.
HOBBS, W. P., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
HULETT, OPLE, Norris City.
HARRELL, JOHN, Norris City.
HULETT, CHARLES, Norris City.
HULETT, GEORGE, Norris City.
HADEN, R. F., Carmi.
HARRIS, NATHAN, Vienna.
HAND, JOHNY, Vienna.
HARDY, ROE, Vienna.
HAMILTON, JOSIAH, Dorrisville.
HUTTON, DR. B. B., Harrisburg.
HOLLIDAY, SAM, Xenia.
HOLIDAY, HOMER, Xenia.
HEATHERLY, J. D., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 2.
HALE, F. L., Raleigh.
HURLEY, J. B., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
HORTON, CHARLEY, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
HARRIS, C. M., Carrier Mills.
HARRIS, JASPER, Carrier Mills.
HURLEY, OSCAR, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
HART, DR. F. M., Harrisburg.
HART, JOHN, Harrisburg.
HALL, MRS. ENACH, Harrisburg.
HOTEL HORNING, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
HUFFMAN, G. F., Harrisburg.
HART, R. S., Mitchellsville.
HUDNALL, MILAS, Mitchellsville.
HILLARD, DAN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
HINE, H. L., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
3.
HETHERINGTON, THOS., Harris-
burg.
HALE, LELAND S., Raleigh,
R. F. D. 1.
HARRIS, HANEY, Carrier Mills.
HARRIS, ROBERT, Carrier Mills.
HART, DR. G. S., Harrisburg.
HAWKINS, WILLIE, Harrisburg.
HANSON, FRANK, Rossville.
HORNEMAN, H. C, Danville, 123
Washington Ave.
HARTER, GEO., Flora.
HART, W. E., Marion.
HICKLE, MARIE, Paris, Box 169.
HESLER, A. J., (County Agent)
Covington, Ind.
HENDERSON, A. M., Galesburg,
RR3 Box 74.
HURST, ROY, Harrisburg.
HICKMAN, HENRY, JR., Paris,
R. F. D. 3.
HODGE, W. H., & J. H., Paris, E.
Side Square.
HARTLEY, DICK, Paris, E. Wood
St. e
HICKMAN, WILBUR, Paris, Shol-
ern Bldg.
HORN, A. A., Areola.
ERNEST HIGGINS & SON, W.
Salem.
HOLDEN, R. L., LaFayette, Ind.,
500 N. Salisbury.
HOLMES HDWE. & SUPPLY CO.,
Danville, 26 N. Hazel St.
HOLCOMB, A. A.
J. J. HOLCOMB MFG. CO., Ur-
bana, 1543 Van Buren St.
HEDGES, MRS. GEO., Fairmont,
R. F. b. 3.
HOLTON, W. A., Sidell.
HUBBARD, ARTHUR, Grape
Creek.
HART, ROY, Fairmont, R. F. D. 1.
HENDERSON, W. T., Danville,
302 Daniel Bldg.
HOSKINS, WM., Pence, R. F. D. 1.
HENRY, C. H., Georgetown, 121
S. State St.
HOUGHTON, H. J., Georgetown.
HORNEMAN, H. C, Danville, 123
N. Washington St.
HOFF, A. E., Chicago, 618 Wash-
ington Blvd.
HUBBARD, RALPH, Georgetown.
HENLEY, BEN, Harrisburg.
120
ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
H
HOME ICE & FEED CO., George-
town.
HIBERLY & MC MAHAN, George-
town.
HANCOCK, WILLIAM, Stonefort.
HART, J. B., Harrisburg.
HAINER, FRANK, Harrisburg.
HAWKINS, JESS, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
HATCHER, J. M., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
HAYDEN, R. F., Bloomfield.
HALL, F. R., Vienna.
HAWKINS, FRED, Harrisburg,
614 S. Granger St.
HINE, C. M., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
4.
HOLLAND, BIRTUS, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
HART, HARRY, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
HILLIARD, CLARENCE, Harris- ,
burg, 600 E. Locust St.
HARRIS, HARVEY, Carrier Mills.
HANCOCK-HINE DRY GOODS
CO., Harrisburg.
HARPER, MRS. LEWIS, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 4.
HARRIS, J. J., Wyandotte, Mich.
HOFF, GEO. S., Danville.
HOLMES HDWE. & SUPPLY CO.,
Danville.
HOSHAUER, FRANK, Rossville.
HEWITT, W. L., Mattoon.
HESLAR, ALFRED J., Covington.
HAYWOOD, GEO. P., Haywood,
Haywood Toy Co.
HOMENOR & COSSEY CO., Dan-
ville.
HULCE, HENRY, Danville, 301 E.
Van Buren St.
HUSHARD, EDWARD, Rossville.
HANNAH, KENT, Alvin.
HIGHT, VIRGIL, Alvin.
HARDY, M. J., Alvin.
HUGHS, BURT, Hoopeston.
I
IRWIN, J. C, Mitchellsville.
IRWIN, E. E., Harrisburg, 309 S.
Granger St.
IRWIN, SHERMAN L., Harris-
burg.
INGRAM, OLEN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
ISAACS, W. R., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
THE IDEAL DAIRY, Evansville,
Ind., 7th & Penn Ave.
JACKSON, LONARD, Harrisburg.
JOHNSON, WILLIAM, Harris-
burg, Saline Hotel.
JOYNER, RAY, Stonefort, R. F. D.
JOYNER, ERNEST, Stonefort.
JONES, LEWIS, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
JOHNSON, GEORGE, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
JONES, CHAS., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
JEFFRIES, L. E., Vienna.
JOHNSON, JAMES, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
JOHNSON, W. R., Harrisburg, 807
E. Logan St.
JAMES, BEN, Harrisburg.
JOHNSON, WES, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
JAMES, C. H., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
5.
JONIER, W. B., Eldorado, R. F. D.
1.
JOHNSON, C. R., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
JACKSON, JOHN R., Harrisburg.
JOHNSON, J. B., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION
121
JONES, REDFORD, Carrier Mills.
JONES, WALDO, Eldorado.
JAMES, S. E., Chicago, 166 W.
Jackson Blvd.
JONES, O. RICE, Paris.
JONES, C. E., Chicago, 600 Mon-
roe Bldg.
JOHNSON, W. M., Rardin.
JACKSON, JAMES, Hindsboro.
JAMES, FOY, Bushton.
JOEHRING, V. E., Carlo, Gen'l
Agt. Big 4.
JONES, A. N., Chicago.
JAMES, S. E., Chicago, UQ W.
Jackson Blvd.
JOSEPH, J. H., SidelL
JONES, DR. G. B., Sidell.
JORDAN, S. 0., Georgetown, R. 1.
JERMAN, J. N., Georgetown.
K
KEELIN, W. E., West End.
KLINE, CURREN, Creal Springs.
KNIGHT, JOHN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
KAID, B. J., Harrisburg, R. F. D. 4.
KIELHORN, CHAS. R., Harris-
burg.
KENEIPP, HARVEY, Mitchell-
ville.
KENEIPP, JOHN, Mitchellville.
KNIGHT, FRANK, Galatia.
KING, OMER, Centralia.
KENTNER, L. 0., Bismark.
KERCHER, OTIS, Danville, Farm
Bureau Ver. Co.
KRUKEWITT, W. F., Alvin.
KEMARD, J. T,., Evansville, Ind.,
Sugar Creek Cry. Co.
KOELLING, C. F., Belleville, 218
Maswotah.
KOKEN, R. B., St. Louis, Mo.,
7900 Mich. Ave.
KING, BIRT, Dudley.
KANE, E. K., Pinckneyvlile.
KELLERMAN, EUGENE, Pinck-
neyvlile.
KOELLING, C. F., Bellville, 230
S. Peoria St.
KERROHER, H. C, Cyprus.
KENNARD, J. L., Evansville, Ind.
Sugar Creek Creamery Co., Indi-
ana Ave. & Fulton St.
KINLEBERGER, J. J., Kalamazoo,
Mich. Kalamazoo Parchment Co.
KERCHER, OTIS, Danville, Cham-
ber of Commerce Bldg.
KELLEY, O. M., Sidell.
KEETEN, WM. H., Georgetown.
KLOOSE, A. P., Peoria, 105
Arthur Ave.
LAMBERT, JAMES, Harrisburg.
LAMKIN, H. J., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
LEVELETTE, E. B., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
LIMERICK, GEORGE, Harris-
burg.
LEWIS, ROBERT I., Stonefort.
LAUNIUS, WILLIAM, Stonefort.
LEWIS, A. C, Benton.
LANE, ROY, Harrisburg.
LEWIS, SAM, Sumner, R. F. D. 3.
LANE, ROBERT, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
LEDFORD, MD., Harrisburg,
R F D ^
LEITCH, WILLIAM, Raleigh.
LEITCH, WILBER H., Harrisburg.
LIEBERMAN, F., Harrisburg.
LEWIS, J. B., Harrisburg.
LE MONDE, NILES, Harrisburg,
212 W. Baker St.
LEWIS, JOHN, Stonefort.
LEEK, ED, Muddy
122
ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
LAMBTON, ROY, Harrisburg.
LEWIS, RALPH M., Stonefort.
LUCAS, O. L., Harrisburg.
LEHMAN, D. A., Harrisburg, 205
N. Granger St.
LEITCH, Z. T. S., Harrisburg.
LAND, GEO., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
2.
LANDS, ARTHUR, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
LEDBETTER, D. L., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
LAMBTON, W. M., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
I.ARRISON, HENRY, Vienna.
LINDSAY, JOHN, Vienna.
LOUGH, ROBERT, Vienna.
LEDFORD, J. W., Harrisburg,
315 E. Locust St.
LEONARD, STANLEY, Rossville,
R. F. D.
!.EWIS, DAN JR., Danville, 1223
Grant St.
LONG, MARION, Vienna.
LOVE, E. S., Danville, Sugar
Creek Cry.
LENEVE, SAMUEL, Rossville.
LAMB, C. H., Paris, Sugar Creek
Cry.
LEHMAN, R. G., Paris, 224 E.
Wood St.
LEENHOUTH, E. J., Chicago, 630
LaSalle St. Station.
LIPPINCOTT, C. A., Rardin.
LALLY, WM. A., Chicago, 166
Jackson Blvd.
LAMB, CHAS., Paris.
LOVE, C. S., Danville, Sugar
Creek Cry. Co.
LAMBERT, E. S., Georgetown,
R. F .D. 1.
LEWIS, DAN, Danville, 1113
Sheridan St.
LENHART, GEORGE, George-
town, R. F. D. 1.
LARSEN, CARL, Galesburg.
M
AlULLINIX, CECIL, Ledford.
MITCHELL, A. M., Harrisburg.
MICK, C. W., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
1.
MITCHELL, H. E., Harrisburg.
MC DANIEL, MURRAY 0., Har-
risburg.
MOORE, SILAS, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
MOORE, ROBERT, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
MITCHELL, GEORGE, Harris-
burg.
MC ILRATH, ARTHUR, Harris-
burg.
MILLER, W. C, Harrisburg.
MOORE, BERT, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
MOORE, JESSE, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
MOORE, A. A., Harrisburg.
MARTIN, ORM, Carrier Mills.
MYERS, JACOB W., Harrisburg.
MC KEE, DR. C. L., Harrisburg,
22 S. Main St.
METCALF, J. R., Harrisburg.
MYERS, MRS. MARY R., Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 3.
MC VEY, MRS. FRANK, Newton.
MITCHELL, STEVE, Mitchells-
ville.
MITCHELL, WILSON, Harris-
burg.
MC ILRATH, HUGH, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
MILLIGAN, ARTHUR, Harris-
burg.
MUGGE, J. S., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
3.
MOORE, WM., Carrier Mills,
R. F. D. 1.
MC DERMOTT, JOHN, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 2.
MILLER, A. R., Carrier Mills,
R. F. D. 1.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION
123
M
MC SPARIN, EWING, Mitchells-
ville.
MAHAFFEY, HENRY, Eldorado,
R F D S
MOSBY, CLYDE, Eldorado,
R. F. D. 1.
MOORE, W. A., Eldorado.
MITCHELL, E. F., Equality.
MAYBERRY, I. C, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
MORELAND, MORE, Carrier
Mills, R. F. D. 2.
MOTSINGER, ZEB, Carrier Mills,
R. F. D. 1.
MC CONNELL, ED, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
MOORE, GEO., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
MC DONALD, TOM, Mitchellsville.
MATTINGLY, JOHN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
MC GUIRE, HENRY, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
MITCHELL, J. D., Raleigh.
MC INTYRE, H., Harrisburg.
MEECHAM, H. A., Golconda.
MORRIS, JOHN A., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
MAC KENROTH, GEORGE, Har-
risburg.
MC CORMICK, R. E., Ft. Branch,
Ind.
MC SPARIN, W. S., Delwood.
MC LAIN, H. C, Merion, Colo.
MALADY, CHARLES, Harrisburg.
MC INTOSH, ANDREW, Harris-
burg.
MC CASKILL, W. H., Timewell.
MC GLASHAN, ROY, Xenia.
MUGGE, A. F., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
MILEY, HARKER, Harrisburg,
114 W. Church St.
MILEY, GEO. M., Harrisburg, 115
W. Church St.
MC CONNELL, W. N., Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 5.
MUGGE, CLARENCE, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
MATTINGLY, BERTIS, Harris-
burg, 217 S. Ledferd St.
MC DERMOTT, LOUIS, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 3.
MALONEY, G. W., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
MILLER, ED, Harrisburg, R. F. D.
3.
MEACHAM, WILLIAM, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 3.
MALONE, ALBERT, Galatia.
MILLER, OSCAR, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
MC NEAL, JOHN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
MOORE, AUSTIN, Harrisburg.
Saline 4.
MILLER, DALLAS, Harrisburg.
MITCHELL, ARTHUR, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 5.
MASSEY, J. H., Eldorado.
MUGGE, WILL, Golconda, R. F. D.
1.
MONROE, WM., Junction.
MURPHY, J. W., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 2.
MORRILL, EZRA, Carrier Mills.
MITCHELL, C. A., Harrisburg,
R .F. D. 3.
MIFFLIN, FRANK, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
MC GUIRE, HARVE, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
MATHIS, BILL, Vienna.
MATHIS, DOLPH, Vienna.
MATHIS, RICHARD, Vienna.
MORGAN, P. F., Vienna.
MORGAN, DICK, Vienna.
MORSE, RAY, Vienna.
MATHIS, D. W., Vienna.
MATHIS, WILEY, Vienna.
MEANUM MFG. CO., Minneapolis.
Minn., 2600 27th Ave. S.
MC CORMICK, JAMES, Alvin.
MC CORMICK, J. H., Danville,
c. o. Com'l Trust & Savings
Bank.
MEEKS, JAMES A., Danville.
124
ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
M
MATTHEWS, STANLEY, Ross-
ville, R. F. D. 1.
MILLER, H. L., Danville, 115 W.
Wash. Ave.
MONRAD, K. J., Little Falls, N. Y.,
Chr. Hansen Laboratory.
MATTHEWS, QUAY, Bismark.
MILLER, S. J., Rossville, R. F. D.
MATTHEWS, CHAS. W., Ross-
ville, R. F. D. 2.
MATTHEWS, MASTER HOW-
MATTHEWS, J. L., Rossville.
MATTHEWS, EVA F., Rossville,
R. F. D. 2.
MATTHEWS, J. A., Bismark.
MEYER, HARRY, Rossville.
MC FERREN, WM., Hoopeston.
MATTHEWS, ELWOOD, Ross-
ville.
MATTHEWS, MASTER HOW-
ARD, Rossville, R. F. D. 2, c. o.
C. W. Matthews.
MILLARD, F. H., Chicago, 225 N.
Michigan Ave.
MAGUIRE, W. R., Chicago, 140 S.
Dearborn.
MORGAN, CLARENCE, Rossville.
MC DONALD, CHAS., Whiting,
Ind., 401 Cleveland Ave.
MURPHY, WALFORD, Whiting,
R. F. D. 5.
MILLER, W. 0., Georgetown,
R. F. D. 1.
MARRS, ASA T., Paris, R. F. D. 4.
MC DWITT, JOS, Paris, R. F. D. 6.
MARSSEHNAN, DR. T. J., Paris,
N. Central Ave.
MILLER, CHAS. E., Paris, R. F. D.
4.
MC INTOSH, DAVE, Paris,
R. F. D. 4.
MASON, WALTER, Paris, 406 La-
Salle St.
MOORE, H., Harrisburg, 427 W.
College St.
MC ALLISTER, W. A., Areola.
MC MORRIS, ARTHUR, Charles-
ton.
MASON, J. F., Rardin.
MATZENBACHER, CHAS., Pinck-
neyville.
MC ELVAIN, E. J., Pinckneyville.
MENTAL, ADAM, Pinckneyville.
MURPHY- WALL STATE BANK
& TRUST CO., Pinckneyville.
MALAN, E. C, Pinckneyville.
MUCKLEROY, R. E., Carbondale,
c. 0. University.
MAKEPEASE, I. G., Springfield.
MINOR, COL. C. C, Woodstock.
MACK, ELMER, Menasha, Wis.,
Manasha Printing & Carton Co.
MILLER, C. F., Cedar Rapids, la.,
Machinery Sales Dept. J. G.
Cherry Company.
MATTHEWS, J. L., Rossville,
R. F. D.
MATTHEWS, CHAS., Rossville,
R. F. D.
MC GRATH, A. E., St. Louis, Mo.,
3301 Park Ave.
MAANUM MFGR. C, Minneapolis,
Minn., 2600 27th Ave. S.
MAGUIRE, W. R., Chicago, 1118
Marquett Bldg.
THE MORNING PRESS, Danville.
MEYERS, T., Sidell.
MC CALLISTER, CLAUD, Indian-
ola.
MOORELAND, 0. E., Indianola.
MILLER, 0. W., Indianola.
MORMON, VERNON, Georgetown,
R. F. D. 1.
MIETHE MOTOR CO., George-
town.
MAHLE, G. C, Danville, 1118
Sheridan Blvd.
MOSIER, LEWIS, Indianola,
R. F. D. 1.
MOFFITT, J. J., Olivet.
MELIN, BERT, Galesburg, R. F. D.
2.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION
125
N
NYBERG, DR. R. B., Harrisburg.
NAMETH, JOHN, Eldorado.
NORMAND, HOWARD, Karbers
Ridge.
NOLAN, WILLIAM D., Carrier
Mills.
NELSON, ORVAL, Harrisburg.
NAUGLE, ROY, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
NORMAN, ROGER, Harrisburg,
R F D S
NORMAN* CLAYBURN, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 3.
NOLEN, G. H., Carrier Mills,
R. F. D. 1.
NELSON, LEO, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 2.
NORRIS, J. L., Norris City.
NORRIS, W. R., Norris City.
NELSON, RALPH, Carmi.
NEWTON, HENRY, Vienna.
NELSON, ELVIS, Carmi.
NELSON, C. P., Danville, First
Nata Bank.
NOBES, C. T., Pana.
LOUIS F. NAFIS, INC., Chicago,
23 N. Desplaines.
NAT'L. CARTON CO., Joliet, A.
W. Madsen.
NADIN, GEORGE, Paris, West
Court St.
NEWHEART, J. V., Paris, R. F. D.
4.
NICKELL, C. D., Charleston.
NIESING, J. C, Pinckneyville.
NELSON, CHARLES P., Danville,
First Nat'l. Bank.
NATIONAL CARTON CO., Joliet.
NOBIS, C. A., Barry.
NAFIS, LOUIS F., Chicago, 23 N.
Desplaines.
NEUBERT, WILBUR, Ridgefarm,
R. F. D. 2.
NESBITT, HERBERT, Indianola.
NIPPER, J. R., c. o. Sugar Creek
Cry. Co., Watseka.
NICHOLS, J. H., Paris.
NATIONAL CARTON CO., Joliet.
O'KEEFE, ARTHUR, Stonefort.
OLIVER, FRANK, Harrisburg.
OZMENT, E. L., Harrisburg.
OLIVER, J. H., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
OLIVER, C. F., Eldorado, R. F. D.
1.
OWENS, JAMES, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
OLIVER, MARGARET, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 4.
OWENS, W. H., Galatia, R. F. D.
• 2.
OLIVER, JOS., Harrisburg, 119
W. O'Gara St.
ODUM, JAMES, Harrisburg,
R F D 2
OFARRAL, HENRY, Alvin,
OWEN, THOMAS, H., Melrose
Park, Solar Sturgis Mfg. Co.
O'HAIR, CARLISLE, Redmon.
O'HAIR, MRS. W. S., Paris,
R. F. D. 4.
O'HAIR, J. B., Paris, 27 E. Court
St.
O'HAIR, E. P. & E. L., Bushton.
O'DONNELL, GEORGE, Olney.
OGLE, GLEN, Evansville, Evans-
ville Pure Milk Co.
OWEN, MR. C. A., Georgetown,
R. F. D. 1.
126
ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
PORTER, LEE, Eldorado, R. F. D.
2.
PULLMAN, W. B., Raleigh.
PRATT, GEO. T,., Raleigh.
PULLIAN, C. B., Galatia.
PATTERSON, FRED J., Harris-
burg.
PARKS, F. L., Harrisburg.
PRATHER, J. W., Eagle.
PARKS, ROSEA, Rudemont.
PATTERSON, GAY, Harrisburg,
c. o. Patterson Bros.
PEARCE, DR. F. B., Eldorado.
PROUX, LUTHER, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 2.
PICKFORD, JOHN, Harrisburg.
PICKERING, JAMES, Ledford.
PARISH FURNITURE CO., Har-
risburg.
POWEL, MRS. HENRY, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 3.
PURDOM, JOHN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 2.
PYLE, GLEASON, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
PYLE, JOHN W., Carrier Mills,
R. P. D. 4.
PEARCE, GUY, Equality.
PRATHER, JAMES W., Mitchells-
ville.
PANKEY, JOHN R., Mitchellsville.
PARKER, L. L., Harrisburg, E.
Church St.
PORTER, MRS. ELLA, Eldorado.
PICKERING, CHARLES, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 2.
PARKER, BOB, Harrisburg.
R. F. D. 2.
PRIEST, HOWARD, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 2.
PARTAIN, HENRY, Equality,
R. F. D.
PEARCE, THOMAS, Eddyville.
R. F. D.
PERKINS, JOHN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
PARTAIN, WILLIE, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
PANKEY'S BROS. BAKERY, Har-
risburg, Box 368.
PANKEY, EVERETT, Harrisburg,
South Main St. c. o. Pankey's
Stand.
PARKS, G. B., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
2.
PANKEY, W. H., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
POTTS, LOY, Harrisburg, R. F. D.
2.
PALMA, MRS. B. D., Eutaw, Ala.
PICKENS, WALTER, Vienna.
PIPPENS, JAMES, Vienna.
PHILIPS, NOLA, Vienna.
PRICE, J. M., Vienna.
PHILLIPS, PAUL, Vienna.
PAULSON, J. E., Rossville.
PRINDLE, J. H., Chicago, 4301
Southwestern Blvd.
PLAUTT, M. S., Danville.
PASLEY, DONALD, Rossville,
R. F. D. 2.
PRICE, ROBERT, Danville, 403
N. Vermilion St.
PRATHER, C. P., Rossville.
POTTER, E. W., Alvin.
PRILLMAN, G. H., Rossville.
PIDER, DORA, Flora.
PERISHO, C. EDWARD, Paris,
501 Greenview St.
PRESTON, SAM, Paris, R. F. D. 4.
PARKER, E. R., Dudley, R. F. D.
12.
A. A. PIPER & SONS, Paris.
PERKINS, J. O., Charleston.
PATTERSON, R. E., Charleston.
PUNDASACK, MRS. FRED,
Pinckneyville.
PINCKNEYVILLE LUMBER CO.,
Pinckneyville.
PINCKNEYVILLE MILL CO.,
Pinckneyville.
PINCKNEYVILLE CRY. CO.,
Pinckneyville.
PILLERS, J. M., Pinckneyville.
PAXT.ON, C. S., Georgetown.
PLASTER, R. J., Chicago, 639 La-
Salle St. Station.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION
12:
PETTIT, GAYLE, Danville, Red PUZEY, FAY, Sidell, R. F. D. 1.
Spot Paint & Glass Co. 1.
PUZEY, RALPH, Sidell, R. F. D.l.
PETERSON, ALEX, State Food PARKS, MRS. ROY, Stonefort.
Inspector, Galesburg, 108 Madi- PREMIUM DAIRY CO., Gales-
son St. burg.
QUINN, HENRY, Raleigh.
QUICK, J. W., Carrier Mills.
RUMMELS, PETER F., Equality,
R. F. D. 3.
REIGEL, DR. R. C, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
ROBERTSON, MRS. J. C, Harris-
burg, 512 E. Poplar St.
RISE, ALBERT, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
REEL, J. M., Harrisburg.
RAGSDALE, T. H., Salatia.
REYNOLDS, J. M., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
RIEGEL, ALLEN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
RIEVELY, R. L., Harrisburg.
RUMSEY, F., Eddyville, Pope Co.
RIEGEL, SOLLIE, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
REED, E. W., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
5.
RUSH, OSCAR, Joppa, Brakeman
C. & E. I. Ry.
RILYING, EDWIN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 2.
RANN, ROBERT, Mitchellsville.
RANDOLPH, SCOTT, Mitchells-
ville.
RICH, FRANK, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
RUSSELL, LUM, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 2.
RAGSDALE, RALPH, Galatia.
RISE, ASBY, Harrisburg.
RANDOLPH, HARRISON, Del-
wood.
RENSHAW, H. C, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
RYAN, JOSEPH, Galatia.
REYNOLDS, JUSTINE, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 1.
ROBERTS, HUGH, Harrisburg, 9
W. Texas St.
ROBERTS BROTHERS, Harris-
burg.
RUSSELL, B. D., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 2.
RUSSELL, W. 0., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
REIGEL, H. D., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
RAWLINS, GENTRY, Harrisburg,
205 N. Granger St.
RUSSELL, ALMON, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 2.
REIGEL, W. W., Harrsiburg,
R. F. D. 1.
RUSE, J. H., Harrisburg, 303 E.
Poplar St.
RUSE, SILAS, Harrisburg, R. F. D.
2.
RIEGEL, ETHEL, Harrisburg,
R. F. D.
RANDOLPH, D. W., Mitchellsville.
REEVELY, MRS. HELEN, Harris-
burg, 207 N. McKinley.
RISTER, J. C, Lawrenceville,
R. F. D. 6.
RAPP, JOHN, Galatia, R. F. D.
RUSSELL, LORAL, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 2.
RHODES, JOHN, Harrisburg.
ROBERTSON, G. M., Eldorado.
RANN, AL., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
2.
128
ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
RUDEMENT, MEL REYNOLDS,
Harrisburg, R. F. D. 1.
RAYMER, LUCIAN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
REES, W. D., Harrisburg, R. F. D.
3.
RIEGEL, ROY, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
RODDEN, JOHN, Vienna, R. F. D.
RIDENHOWER, R. R., Vienna.
RILEY, THOS., Vienna.
ROBEY, E. P., Danville, 416 W.
North St.
RED SPOT PAINT & GLASS CO.,
Danville.
RICHARDS, VERNON, George-
town.
RAY, BEN, Rossville.
REECE, DR. D. C, Rossville.
ROSSVILLE CREAMERYY CO.,
Rossville.
RAY, G. A., Rossville.
REINBOLD, F. C, Rossville.
ROBERTS, W. E., Alvin.
RHODE, C. F., University, Urbana,
Div. Dairy Husbandry.
ROBERTSON, F. A., Flora,
R. F. D. 3.
RAHEL, EARL, Paris.
RUDY & LAMB, Paris, West Side
Square.
RUFF, DR. G. 0., Paris, (Official).
ROSE, A. N., Charleston.
REYNOLDS, GEO., Charleston.
ROE, JOHN D., Pinckneyville.
V. RICE BROS., Dallas City.
ROSE, DR. P. W., Cyprus.
ROBERTS, ELMER E., Areola,
R. F. D. 2.
RIDGEFARM CREAMERY CO.,
Ridgefarm.
RAY, EARL, Danville, 302 Daniel
Bldg.
ROOSCH, FRANK, Georgetown,
R. F. D. 1.
RICHARDS, F. E., Olivet.
THE ROSSVILLE CREAMERY
CO., Rossville.
RUEHE, PROF., Urbana.
RHYKPRD, A. W., Cameron,
R F D 3
RUEHE, HARRISON, A., Urbana,
c. o. University.
SATCHEN, H. M., Heidelberg,
Miss.
STEVENSON, HENRY, Harris-
burg.
SPANGLER, F. M., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
SUTCLIFF, ABE, Vienna.
SANDERS, FRANK, Vienna.
SANDERS, JOHN, Vienna.
SHINN, J. W., Vienna.
SHINN, RAY, Vienna.
SIMMONS, CAL, Vienna.
SHEETS, JESS, Bismark.
SMITH, EVERETT, Danville,
R. F. D. 5.
SMITH, H. P., Detroit, Mich., Buhl
Stamping Co.
IGNATZ SHULTZ CO., Chicago,
5201 Ingleside Ave.
SUTHERLAND PAPER CO., Kal-
amazoo, Mich.
SHAW, S. T., Cutler.
SMITH, T. P., Danville, 213 Orch-
ard St.
SAFFORD, M. C, Danville, Sugar
Creek Cry.
STRAUSS, RIES, Danville.
SATTERNHITE, M. B., Rossville.
SELLARS, WILLIAM, Rossville,
R. F. D. 2.
SIMS, J. B., Hoopeston.
SASS, E. W., Hoopeston.
SMITH, E. C, Rossville.
SMITH, W. G., Alvin.
SNOW, CHAS. H., Bloomington.
SCHARFF, E. E., St. Louis, Mo.,
7900 Michigan Ave.
SONGER, MRS. LILLIAN, Alvin.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION
129
SMITH, WARREN, Chicago, 61
West Kinzie St.
SMITH, CHAS. T., Clay City.
SNYDER, JOHN, Flora.
SCUDAMORE BROS., Flora.
SCHNEIDER, HENRY, Dudley,
R. F. D. 12.
SWANGO, CLARENCE, Paris,
513 South Central Ave.
SMITH, C. A., Paris, 813 Marshall
St.
SHOLEM, SAM, Paris.
SCHNEIDER, CHAS. FREDER-
ICK, Dudley, R. F. D. 12.
SMITH, JUSTIN, Paris, 713 Shaw
Ave.
SMITTKAMP, FRED, Paris,
R. F. D. 3.
SAYRE, PERRY, Chrisman.
SHOAFF, W. P., Paris.
SMITH, C. v., Paris, North Main
Street
SMITH, ' CHARLES E., Dudley,
R. F. D. 12.
SEE, EUGENE, Paris, R. F. D. 4.
SWANGO, JESSE H., Paris,
"p "C' "TV q
SWANGO, HARLAN A., Paris,
R F D ^
WALTER SIMS & SON, Paris.
SMITH, SUSAN A., Dudley,
R. F. D. 12.
SMITH, C. D., Dudley, R. F. D. 12.
SEE, LOREN, Paris, R. F. D. 4.
SILVERSTEIN, S. S., Paris, South
Central Ave.
STEPHENS, RUSSELL, Paris,
R. F. D. 4.
SWANGO, FRED, Charlestown.
SUDDUTH, JESSE R., Paris,
R. F. D. 3.
SHERER, ELLIS, Paris, R. F. D. 4.
SWIGER, WILLIAM, Paris,
R. F. D. 4.
SMITH, H. T., Kansas, R. F. D. 14.
SHARKEY, WILL, Paris, R. F. D.
5.
SMALL, DEE, Marion, 905 E.
Boulevard.
SMITH, IRA, Harrisburg, R. F. D.
4.
STEVENSON, RICHARD, Raleigh.
SLOAN, R. O., Raleigh.
STEWART, JOE, Carrier Mills.
SISK, FANNIE, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
STEWART, W. T., Galatia.
STEINSULTZ, HERMAN, Raleigh,
R. F. D. 1.
STRICKLIN, MRS. COLA, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 5.
SPURLOCK, SAM, Eldorado.
SUTTON, T. W., Eldorado,
R. F. D. 1.
SUTTON, FRANK, Eldorado,
R. F. D. 1.
SPENCER, DR. J. U., Harrisburg.
SMITH, BERTIS, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
SUTTON, C. A., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
SMITH, W. P., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
SETEN, W. H., Equality.
SMITH, F. C, Harrisburg.
SETEN, DR. C. E., Harrisburg.
SPURBECK, FRANK, Harrisburg,
R F D 3
SMALL, CURTIS, Harrisburg.
STRICKLIN, G. W., Harrisburg
Box 288.
STOUT, W. A., Harrisburg.
STOFFEL, CHAS., Campbell Hill.
STRICKLIN, CLIFFORD, Harris-
burg.
STEWART, CLARK, Galatia,
R F D 2
SULLIVAN* CHAS. A., Harris-
burg, 728 S. Ledford St.
SULLIVAN, WILLIAM, Harris-
burg, 502 S. McKinley.
STATE ROAD DAIRY, Eldorado.
SUTTON, W. M. C, Eldorado,
R F D 3
SANDERS, FRED, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
SADDLER, BRYANT, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
130
ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
SMITH, W. B., Eldorado.
SPURLOCK, H. C, Eldorado,
R. F. D. 1.
SWINNEY, M. W. C, Eldorado,
R. F. D. 3.
SHANAFELT, IKE E., Odin.
SMART, W. T., Galatia.
STRICKLIN, LEE, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
STAIGER, J. R., Harrisburg,
South Webster St.
SUTTON, SIMON, Harrisburg, 328
S. Main Street.
SMITH, A. L., Harrisburg.
SCHIEN, J. A., Auburn, R. F. D.
SHIRES, JOHN, Covington, Tenn.
SMITH, LOGAN, Ridgway,
R. F. D.
SIMMONS, EDWARD, Galatia,
R. F. D.
SHERROD, DAN, Harrisburg,
R F D ^
SHELDON, THEODORE, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 3.
SCHMIDT, HENRY, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
STORY, ERNEST, Harrisburg,
R F D ^
SIMPSON, J. D., Vienna, R. F. D.
SMITH, EARL, Galatia.
SMALL, JOHN, Harrisburg, 132
W. College St.
SUMMERS, J. D., Harrisburg, 112
W. Raymond St.
STINSON, OSCAR, Eldorado.
SISK, JACK, Junction.
SNEED, GEORGE, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
STEVENS, ORVIL, Marion, 505
W. College St.
SOSENHEIMER, HENRY, Pinck-
neyville.
SCHOCH, JOHN, Pinckneyville.
SANDERS, GEORGE, Indianola.
SPINNER, C. E., Mattoon, 1812
Maple Ave.
THE SWINNEY PRINTING CO.,
Ft. Branch, Ind.
SAULMON WILLIAM, Sidell,
R. F. D. 1.
SNYDER, P. W., Indianola.
SMITH, E. C, Vermilion Grove.
SCHEETER, KENNETH, George-
town, R. F. D. 1.
SANDUSKY, W. J., Georgetown,
R. F. D. 1.
SANDLIN, JOHN, Indianola.
SCHARFF KOKEN MFG. CO., St.
Louis, Mo., 7900 Michigan Ave.
SULLIVAN, JOSEPH P., Chicago,
2107 Canalport Ave.
SMITH, HAROLD S., Newton, la.,
Fieldman Am. Jersey Cattle
Club.
STOCKBERGER, D. D., Danville,
406 W. English.
THE SUTHERLAND PAPER CO.,
Kalamazoo, Mich.
SAALFELD, MR. DAVE, Chicago,
4026 N. Kedvale Ave.
SCHULTZ, IGNATZ, Chicago, 712
Federal St.
SANDUSKY, CLINT, Georgetown,
R. F. D. 1.
SMITH, S. P., Olivet, Box 47.
SOLAR STURGIS MFG. CO., Mel-
rose Park.
SPENCE, BYRON, Little Falls,
N. Y., Chr. Hansen Lab.
STOUTIN, G. H., Sidell.
SNOW, CHAS., Bloomington,
Snow & Palmer.
SMITH, H. B., Bardolph.
SIMMONS, HOWARD, Prairie
City.
SIMMONS, MARTHA, Prairie
City.
TATE, E. C, Galatia.
TATE, G. W., Galatia.
TATJE, H. A., Galatia.
TAYLOR, W. L., Vienna.
THOMPSON, ALBERT, Carrier
Mills.
THORNBERRY, ROY, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION
131
TURNER, GEORGE, Carrier Mills,
c. o. Phil Turner.
TURNER, WALDO, Harrisburg.
THOMPSON, ARTHUR, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 1.
TRAVELSTEAD, LON, Harris-
burg.
TURNER, SAM, Equality.
TRAVELSTEAD, WILL, Carrier
Mills, R. F. D. 1.
TRAVELSTEAD, IRVIN, Carrier
Mills, R. F. D. 1.
THOMAS, GLEN R., Eldorado,
R. F. D. 1.
TAYLOR, RAY, Vienna.
TAYLOR, A. J., Vienna.
THOMAS, O. G., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
TRAMMEL, T. F., Stonefort.
THOMPSON, CHARLES H., Har-
risburg.
TRAVELSTEAD, JOE, Rudement.
TABOR, JOHN, Carrier Mills.
THAXTON, J. D., Eldorado,
R. F. D. 1.
TEACHENOR, F. A., Eldorado.
THOMAS, A. D., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
TURNER, J. C, Eldorado.
THOMAS, W. W., Pine Ridge,
S. Dak.
TAYLOR, OSCAR, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
TANNER, DOUGLAS, Carrier
Mills.
TUCKER, CHARLES L., Eldorado,
R. F. D. 1.
THOMAS, ELBERT, Ledford.
THOMPSON, PERRY, Harrisburg,
129 W. Raymond St.
THOMPSON, L. A., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 2.
THOMPSON, EZRA, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 2.
THOMPSON, W. H., Harrisburg,
So. Main St.
TYLER, F. A., Harrisburg, So.
Jackson St.
THOMAS, W. E., Harrisburg.
TANNER, HARVEY, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 2.
TURNER, CLARICE, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 2 Box 117.
TAYLOR, C. A., Harrisburg.
TAYLOR, HARRY, Harrisburg.,
TUCKER, GEORGE, Harrisburg,
T> Tp T) q
THREAT,* OTIS, Harrisburg,
R F D ^
THOMPSON,' LEWIS, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 2.
THOMAS, H., Earlville.
THOMPSON, GEORGE W., Har-
risburg, R. F. D. 3.
TAYLOR, ROBERT, W., Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 3.
TATE, GEORGE, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 2.
TURNER, LON, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
TEMPLE, HERMAN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
TRAVIS, M. G., Heidelberg, Miss.
TRAVIS, G. B., Heidelberg, Miss.
TOLER, DOLPH, Vienna.
TINSLEY, JOHN, Belkamp,.
THOMAS, ORVILLE E., West-
ville, R. F. D. 1.
TEEGARDEN, MRS. MAY, Ft.
Thomas, Ky., 102 Rossford Ave.
THORNSBORO, OLLIE, Alvin.
TAYLOR, J. R., Vienna.
TURNER, FRANK, Paris, 907 N.
Central Ave.
TURNER, JOE, Ingraham.
TICHENOR, E. 0., Rardin.
TAGUE, W. H., Marion, 614 S.
Calumet.
TEMPLETON, DR. J. S., Pinck-
neyville.
THIMMIG, THOS. H., Pinckney-
ville.
TEMPLETON, J. F., Pinckney-
ville.
THOMAS, CHARLES C, George-
town, R. F. D. 1.
TAYLOR, BEE, Indianola, R. F. D.
1.
132
ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
TELLING, J. W., Danville, 1215 H. D. K. THOMAS & SONS, Clin-
N. Walnut Ave. ton.
u
UPTON, JOHN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
UPCHURCH, G. W., Harrisburg.
UPCHURCH, J. C, Harrisburg,
600 S. Granger St.
UNGER, W. E., Knoxville.
VINEYARD, JOHN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
VANMETER, CHARLES, Carrier
Mills.
VANNIS, LOUIS, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
VINEYARD, CHARLES F., Har-
risburg, R. F. D. 1.
VANDEVORD, HENRY, Harco.
VAUGHAN, ALVIN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 2.
VEACH, W. A., Vienna.
VINYARD, J. K., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
VAN KWEN, S. J., Cedar Rapids,
Iowa, J. G. Cherry Co.
VAHLOS, PETER, Paris.
VALENTINE, A. D., Pinckney-
ville.
VAN KUREN, S. J., c. o. J. G.
Cherry, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
w
WASSON, ROBERT, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
WHALEY, G. E., Assumption.
WALLACE, LUCIAN, Harrisburg,
■p -p -r^ o
WISE,*wicK, Harrisburg, R. F. D.
4.
WISE, JAMES, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
WALLACE, T. T., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
WALKER, W. P., Vienna.
WHITESIDES, FRANK, Vienna.
WHITESIDES, SHERMAN, Vien-
na.
WHITESIDES, CHARLEY, Vien-
na.
WALLS, C. W., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
WEBSTER GROCER CO., Dan-
ville.
WILBER, C. G., Rossville.
WINKLER, W. E., St. Louis, Mo.
WALTER, C. v., Danville, 604
Sherman St.
WILLIAMSON, H. B., Alvin.
WILBUR, E. D., Waukegan.
WARNER, P. M., Rossville.
WHITEFORD, MISS INA, Flora.
WALKER, F. J., Flora.
WENZELMANN BROS. CHEMI-
CAL WORKS, Galesburg.
WRIGHT, BERNARD, Paris,
R F D 3
WILLIAMS, CHARLES, Paris,
"p "C* "pj O
WILSON, CHARLEY, Paris,
T) Tf "p) q
WARSMOUTH, ED., Chrisman.
WILSON, WILLIAM, Paris,
R F D 3
WOLFE, LEN, Paris.
WALLS, E. E., Paris, R. F. D. 3.
WILSON, T. M., Paris, R. F. D. 4.
WALLAGE, D. E., Paris, 311 Par-
rish St.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION
133
w
WRIGHT, G. B., Paris.
WILEY, GEORGE, Bushton.
WHITE, ROY F., Marion, 505 E.
Boulevard.
WOOSLEY BROTHERS, Pinck-
neyville.
WILSON, MRS. ELSIE S., Pinck-
neyville.
WEST, CLARENCE H., Albion,
R. 2.
WELLS, JOE M., Eldorado, R. 3.
WILLIAMS, I. B., Sidell.
WHITE, RALPH, Georgetown,
R. F. D. 1.
WILLIAMS, JOHN, Sidell, R. F. D.
1.
WHITE, JAMES L., Georgetown,
R. F. D. 1.
WRIGHT, K. E., Urbana, Univer-
sity of 111.
WARTERS, HAROLD, Sidell.
WARD, F. W., Sidell, R. F. D. 1.
WILLISON, H. J., Ridgefarm.
WILSON BROS., Carrier Mills.
WHEELER, C. A. D., McLeans-
boro, R. F. D. 6.
WHITLOCK, G. E., Eldorado.
WHITE, J. E., Harrisburg, 406
Mcllrath St.
WILSON, INEZ, Harrisburg, Box
78.
WILEY, E. J., Springfield, 427
Vine St. (J. B. Ford Co.)
WEBBER, GEORGE, Galatia.
WISE, GROVER, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
WASSON, L. A., Harrisburg, c. o.
Wasson Coal Co.
WOOLEY, LAFE, Equality.
WATHEN, CECIL, Equality.
WARD, EVERETT, Carrier Mills,
R. F. D. 2.
WALDEN, CHARLES, Harrisburg.
WASSON BROS., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
WARD, BERT, Carrier Mills,
R. F. D. 2.
WOMACK, J. A., Equality.
WILSON, STANLEY, Harrisburg.
WROTEN, C. J., Carrier Mills,
R. F. D. 1.
WISE, S. D., Eldorado.
WEISS, BEN, Eldorado.
WOODS, C. L., Harrisburg.
WENDLING, W. F., Harrisburg.
112 W. Locust St.
WEBB, ISAAC, Mitchellsville.
WESLEY, C. H., Raleigh.
WEAVER, EARL, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
WILLIAM, CHARLES F., Raleigh.
WASSON, C. M., Harrisburg.
WILEY, W. I., Harrisburg.
WILSON, DELMAR, Harrisburg.
R. F. D. 3.
WEAVER, H. L., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
WHEATLEY, W. W., Harrisburg.
WHITCHURCH, HARRY, Cen-
tralia, R. F. D.
WALLACE, WILLIAM, Rude-
ment.
WORGEL, VALENTINE, Equali-
ty.
WALLS, WILLIAM, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
WALLS, ORAL, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
WARREN, HICK, Carrier Mills,
R. F. D. 2.
WHITE, ISAAC, Equality.
WALLACE, E. A., Rudement.
WALLACE, ARTHUR, Oak.
WALLACE, G. L., Rudement.
WRISTON, W. E., Rudement.
WELCH, WILLIAM, Harrisburg.
WEBB, GEORGE, Mitchellsville.
WEAVER, ELES, Harrisburg.
WASSON, A. J., Golconda, R. F. D.
1.
WILSON, J. F., Harrisburg, Box
323.
WINTIZER, ARTHUR, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 4.
WILMOTH, JOE, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 1.
WIEDEMANN, C. J., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
134
ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
w
WEBBER, ARTHUR, Galatia.
WEBBER, C. C, Galatia.
WALLACE, A. J., Rudement.
WINTIZER, BEN, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
WALLS, LAWRENCE, Harris-
burg, R. F. D. 4.
WEIR, J. W., Galatia.
WREN, ARCH, Junction.
WISE, JAMES, Harrisburg,
■p "p "P) q
WoiviACK, D. O., Havri^burg.
R. F. D. 3.
WHEATLEY, J. T., Harrisburg,
320 West Church St.
WOLFE, HENRY, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
WHITLOCK, T. E., Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 5.
YOUNGER, SCOTT, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 3.
YOUNG, CHARLES, Harrisburg,
R. F. D. 4.
YOUNGS, N. C, Harrisburg, 712
N. Main St.
YOUNGINGER, JOHN, Harris-
burg, 1024 W. Barnett St.
YEOMANS & SHEDD HDWE.
CO., Danville, 20-30 W. Main St.
YEAZEL, ELLEN, Alvin.
YEAZEL, F. E., Alvin.
YONTZ, ROBERT, Paris.
YOUNG, CHARLES, Pinckney-
ville, R. 4, Box 33.
YAPP, W. W., Urbana, Univer-
sity of 111.
YOERG, HENRY, Chicago, 901
Wellington St.
ZINN, W. B., Junction.
ZVARA, AUGUST, Harrisburg.
ZIMMER, MATHEW, Harrisburg.
ZAHN, A. H., Pinckneyville.
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 135
MINERALS FOR DAIRY COWS
Profs. E. B. Hart & F. B. Morrison
Wisconsin College of Agriculture
No question is probably discussed more frequently by
farmers at the present time than the mineral requirements
of livestock and especially of dairy cows. This whole gen-
eral question is discussed in detail in Wisconsin Bulletin 350,
Minerals for Livestock. For convenience and ready refer-
ence this statement concerning the mineral needs of dairy
cows has been prepared.
Always Supply Plenty of Common Salt
Dairy cows must have plenty of salt in order to thrive.
Allow them to have free access to salt or feed it to them in
their feed. Many dairymen mix 0.5 to 1 lb. of salt with
100 lbs. of concentrate mixture or grain mixture, and then
supply salt in addition so the cows can take what they wish.
(See Bulletin 350, Page 3.)
Salt is cheap. Don't neglect supplying it.
Guard Against Goiter
If trouble has been experienced from goiter or "big
neck" in calves, this may be prevented in the future by giv-
ing patassium or sodium iodide to the cows through the
gestation period. Where there is no trouble from goiter
this treatment is not needed. (For a full discussion and
method of treatment see Bulletin 350, Pages 4 to 10.)
Cows Need Plenty of Calcium (Lime) and Phosphorus
Milk is very rich in both calcium (lime) and phos-
phorus. Therefore, dairy cows must receive liberal sup-
plies of both these minerals to make possible continued
136 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
high production and to have thrifty offspring. In the usual
dairy rations there is more danger of a lack of calcium
than there is in phosphorus. This is because the protein-
rich feeds most common in Wisconsin are also rich in
phosphorus. This includes wheat bran in particular and
also wheat middlings, cottonseed meal, and linseed meal.
Gluten feed, germ oil meal (corn germ meal), brewers'
grains and distillers' grains are not especially high in phos-
phorus.
When 20 per cent or more of the concentrate mixture
or grain mixture consists of wheat bran, wheat middlings,
linseed meal, or cottonseed meal, the cows will get plenty
of phosphorus. If less of these high-phosphorus feeds is
fed, it is best to supply additional phosphorus by adding
bone meal, as stated later.
Calcium is Important
A large production of milk and thrifty calves are an
impossibility if there is a lack of calcium in the ration. The
best way of furnishing plenty of lime is to grow and feed an
abundance of alfalfa, clover, or soybean hay whenever it
is possible. All legume hays are rich in line. Furthermore,
well-cured, green colored hay, cured in the sun, contains a
vitamine which animals need to enable them to assimilate
and use the calcium in their feed.
If poor roughage must be used, such as hay from the
grasses (not legumes) corn stover grown on acid soil, or
straw, add 3 to 4 lbs. of ground limestone, wood ashes, or
dried marl to each 100 lbs. of concentrate or grain mix-
ture. Preliminary experiments indicate that ordinary Wis-
consin limestones, which are nearly all dolomitic (high in
magnesium), may be used satisfactorily as a source of lime.
If there is not 20 per cent of high-phosphorus feeds in
the concentrate mixture (wheat bran, wheat middlings, lin-
seed meal, and cottonseed meal), it is best to use 3 to 4
lbs. of bone meal or spent bone black with each 100 lbs. of
the concentrate mixture, instead of using the limestone,
wood ashes, or marl. Bone meal and spent bone black
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 137
supply both calcium and phosphorus, while limestone, wood
ashes, and marl furnish lime, but practically no phosphorus.
If plenty of alfalfa, clover, soybean or other legume
hay is fed, then there may possibly be no advantage in
adding a calcium-rich mineral supplement to the ration.
However, even with legume hay available for winter feed-
ing, it can do no harm and may do considerable good to
add one of these lime carriers to the ration.
Feed Calcium Supplements on Pasture
Fresh, green crops contain an especially large amount
of vitamin needed to enable animals to assimilate calcium.
Therefore, the best way of replenishing the calcium in the
cow's body, which may have been seriously depleted by
high milk production during the winter feeding period, is
to feed a calcium-supplement when she is on pasture. There-
fore, it is especially important to mix one of the calcium-
rich supplements with the concentrate mixture fed to cows
on pasture. It is probably best to use more of the calcium-
supplement than for winter feeding. As much as 4 to 5 lbs.
of one of the calcium-supplements may be mixed with each
100 lbs. of concentrate mixture. If this mixture should not
be very palatable to the cows, the allowance of the mineral
supplement may be reduced somewhat.
When the cows are not fed any concentrates during a
part of the pasture season, the calcium-supplement may be
mixed with salt and the cows allowed free access to it.
A mixture of 1/8 salt by weight and 7/8 limestone, wood
ashes, marl, or bone meal may be used for this purpose.
What About Commercial Mineral Mixtures?
It is entirely unnecessary to buy expensive commercial
mineral mixtures. Just as good results can be secured by
following the simple recommendations on these pages.
138 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
DAIRY SIRE'S DAUGHTERS BEST INDEX
OF HIS VALUE
R. R. Graves, Bureau of Dairying, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture
A great dairy sire is one whose daughters have a high
average yield of milk and butterfat, a high average in-
crease in milk and butterfat yield over that of their dams,
and a high percentage of their number better than their
dams. All these things must be taken into consideration
when measuring the value of a dairy sire. No one of them
alone offers sufficient evidence of the sire's worth.
In a study of 23 Holstein-Friesian sires, each having
six or more tested daughters from tested dams, some con-
clusions were arrived at concerning the hereditary trans-
mission of production. Some of the sires in the list raised
both the milk yield and the percentage of butterfat of their
daughters as compared to the production of their dams.
Some raised one and lowered the other. Some lowered both.
But no one sire raised both the milk and butterfat percent-
age of all his daughters, nor did any one sire lower these
records of all his daughters. In other words, while the
sires evidenced a prepotency for raising or lowering produc-
tion, no one sire was completely prepotent.
The ability of a sire to raise or lower the yield of his
daughters does not necessarily have a correlation with the
record of his own dam. Rather, the prepotency of a sire
seems to depend upon the combination of factors governing
the yield of milk and percentage of butterfat that he has
inherited from his parents. If he has inherited only factors
that will determine high milk yield and high percentage of
butterfat, he will be prepotent in impressing these charac-
ters on his offspring. If he and the dams with which he
is mated have inherited from their parents a mixture of the
factors for both low and high production which is often the
case, a variety of combinations in the different offspring-
FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONVENTION 139
will follow, and they will be of varying degrees of producing
ability.
The evidence seems to point to both parents contribut-
ing equally to the inheritance governing the milk and but-
terfat producing capacity of their daughter's. But if one
parent is homozygous or pure for the hereditary factors
determining high production and the other parent is heter-
ozygous, or mixed, in its inheritance, then the homozygous
parent will have the greater influence on the producing
capacity of the daughter; yet this daughter will transmit
to a part of her progeny the inheritance for low produc-
tion that she may receive from her heterozygous parent.
From two heterozygous parents, it is to be expected that the
daughters will show a great range in producing capacity
from very poor to very good.
The fact that the percentage of butterfat and the milk
yield are inherited independently, at least within limits,
and that both the sire and the dam contribute to the inheri-
tance of their daughters, governing both milk yield and
percentage of butterfat, indicates that improvement in yield
of butterfat can be brought about by selection for both
milk yield and percentage of butterfat.
The big problem seems to be to locate the" sire that has
inherited only the factors determining a high producing
capacity. The degree to which he has inherited these fac-
tors can be determined only by testing a large number of
his daughters and comparing their records with those of
their dams.
The increasing number of records of daughters and
their dams becoming available through the cow-testing as-
sociations furnishes a means of calculating the comparative
worth of a greater number of sires than has been possible in
the past. The 23 sires in this study were given comparative
rankings in a new method devised by Mr. Graves. Each sire
was ranked in comparison with the others with respect to
milk yield of his daughters, average butterfat yield, average
increase of milk yield, average increase of butterfat, and
the percentage of daughters that were better than their
dams in milk and butterfat yield. His comparative value
140 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION
was indicated by the sum of his rankings in the various
classes.
For instance sire E ranked first in average milk yield
of daughters, third in average butterfat yield, fifth in ave-
rage increase of milk, fifth in average increase of butter-
fat, first in percentage of daughters making increase in
milk, and first in percentage of daughters making increase
in butterfat. The sum of these rankings is 16, which, being
the smallest ranking number, places him at the head of the
list.
On the other hand, sire V, at the bottom of the list of
sires, ranked nineteenth, twentieth, twenty-third, twenty-
second, seventeenth, and sixteenth respectively in these
same classes, giving him a total ranking of 117, or more
than any other sire in the list.
The complete discussion of this study has been pub-
lished in Department Bulletin No. 1372, just issued. A
copy may be obtained, while the supply lasts, by writing to
the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington,
D. C.
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