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TWENTY-NINTH 

ANNUAL  REPORT 

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aalY-Y  • 


TWENTY-NINTH 


ANNUAL  REPORT 


< . c _ r 

Ikwmm  ffiabm 


IS  63. 


MADRAS : 


PliINTED  AT  THE  AMERICAN  MISSION  PRESS, 


: . u ••  •: 


ERRATA. 

The  Reader  is  requested  kindly  to  make  the  following  corrections. 
Page  17.  8th  line  from  top,  for  “could,”  read  would. 

26.  (b)  2d  line,  for  “ 5 more,”  read  25  more,  &c. 

29.  5th  line  from  bottom,  for  Rs.  50-6-11  read  Rs.  124. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2016 


https://archive.org/details/annualreportofa1863amer_1 


KEPORT. 


I. — THE  MISSIONARIES. 

1.  Number  of  the  Mission. — The  roll  of  the  Madura  Mission 
for  the  year  just  closed  contains  the  names  of  thirteen  Mission- 
aries and  their  wives,  and  one  an  Assistant  Missionary.  Of  the 
above  number  Mr.  Chandler,  with  his  family,  is  now  in  America, 
and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Herrick  with  their  children  left  for  America, 
about  the  middle  of  December.  They  also  took  with  them  Charles 
and  James,  sons  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tracy.  On  the  6th  of  Decem- 
ber Dr.  Lord,  formerly  connected  with  the  Ceylon  Mission,  landed 
with  his  family  at  Madras  and  proceeded  to  Madura  to  take  charge 
of  the  medical  department  of  the  Mission.  The  lives  of  all  our 
number  have  been  mercifully  spared  through  the  year  ; and  we 
should  rejoice  could  we  report  that  we  are  as  strong,  as  an  effective 
force  operating  against  heathenism,  as  when  the  year  opened.  It 
has,  however,  seemed  good  to  Him  who  orders  all  our  ways,  to  put 
a period  to  the  labors  in  India  of  one  of  our  number.  It  is  the 
opinion  of  Mr.  Chester,  our  Physician,  as  well  as  of  Physicians  at 
Madras,  that  our  brother,  Mr.  Webb,  should  seek  a cooler  climate 
than  that  of  India  ; and  we  expect  his  departure  early  in  1864. 
This  is  a severe  trial  to  us  as  a Mission.  Yet  we  look  forward  to 
his  influence  and  usefulness  in  our  cause,  and  believe  that  though 
gone  from  us  he  is  not  wholly  lost  to  us. 

Health  of  the  Mission. — Three  children  have  been  added  to  our 
families  this  year.  Some  have  been  near  unto  death.*  Yet  not 


* Since  the  above  was  -written  we  are  called  upon  to  record  the  sudden 
death  of  Ellen  Maria  Herrick,  of  Cholera,  in  Trichinopoly,  while  on  the  jour- 
ney with  her  parents  to  America,  Monday,  Dec.  28th,  aged  2 years  1 month 
and  18  days. 


4 


more  than  the  ordinary  amount  of  sickness  has  occurred  ; and  we 
have  not  been  interrupted  in  our  work,  from  this  cause,  more  than, 
on  an  average,  we  might  expect  to  be  in  a more  temperate  climate. 
For  this  we  would  give  thanks,  while  at  the  same  time  we  would 
call  attention  to  the  fact,  that  of  our  number,  one  family  em- 
barked from  Boston  for  India  more  than  twenty-seven  years  ago, 
another  more  than  twenty  years  ago — and  of  four  other  families  on 
the  gi’ound,  two  arrived  in  India  nearly  eighteen  years  ago,  and  two 
others  but  three  years  later.  It  will  not  seem  unreasonable  for  us 
to  ask  for  new  recruits,  to  fill  the  places  of  veterans,  which  must 
sooner  or  later  become  vacant.  The  facts  which  we  have  just  stat- 
ed are  sufficient  argument  on  one  point,  at  least,  viz  ; that  those 
who  come  to  India  may  reasonably  hope  for  a good  period  of  active 
service  in  the  cause  of  Christ. 

2.  Occupation  of  the  Missionaries. — The  Mission  adopt  the 
village  system  of  congregations,  and  recognise  the  thorough  preach- 
ing of  the  gospel  within  defined  districts  as  a divinely  appointed 
method  of  regenerating  the  people ; yet  in  a fully  appointed  Mission, 
preaching  either  to  Christians  or  heathen,  forms  by  no  means  the 
exclusive  business  of  the  Missionary.  Business  of  the  Mission,  as 
an  organic  body — of  the  station,  as  a community  passing  through  a 
state  of  formation — and  duties,  no  less  essential  than  preaching  to 
the  evangelization  of  the  heathen  and  the  edifying  of  the  body  of 
Christ,  occupy  a large  portion  of  their  time.  The  following  quota- 
tions will  afford  a better  conception  of  the  varied  work  which  falls 
within  the  scope  of  common  missionary  labor  in  this  counti’y  than 
any  single  account  could  afford.  Mr.  Noyes  thus  speaks  of  his 
labor  : “ Beside  the  preaching  of  the  gospel,  the  superintendence 
of  Native  Agents  and  congregations,  I have  the  care  of  the  Sani- 
tarium and  the  secular  labor  connected  therewith,  which  one  might 
fairly  consider  equal  to  the  care  of  a small  station.  My  time  has 
been  neai’ly  equally  divided  between  the  hills  and  the  plains ; though 
I have  spent  more  by  fourteen  days  below.  While  on  the  plains 
I have  been  occupied  with  the  native  assistants  and  in  the  con- 
gregations and  schools.  Two  weeks  were  given  exclusively  to  the 
Itineracy ; and  on  my  tours  I preach  to  the  heathen  moi'e  or  less 
as  occasion  offers.”  Mr.  Kendall  remarks;  “ Business,”  mainly 
of  an  official  kind,  “of  coui-se,  requires  some  time,  but  it  does  not 


5 


often  interfere  with  the  customary  duties  of  visiting  congregations 
and  heathen  villages.  Five  of  my  congregations  are  so  near  Madura 
that  they  can  be  visited  without  being  absent  from  home  over  night. 
I have  been  away  from  home  on  an  average  six  days  a month  in 
visiting  congregations  and  in  preaching  to  the  heathen.”  The 
Missionary,  temporarily  at  Tirupuvanam,  says : “ My  plan  is  to 
visit  the  congregations  once  a month  in  seasons  suitable  for  touring, 
and  when  I can  command  the  time  from  my  present  business  of 
building.”  Mr.  Capron  has  been  absent  from  his  family  during  the 
year  144  days  in  touring,  public  business,  and  in  the  furthering  of 
building  operations.  Again,  Mr.  Burnell’s  report  illustrates  the 
year’s  work  at  the  Meliir  station ; “ When  at  home,  as  an  almost 

constant  rule,  I go  morning  and  evening  among  the  people.  The 
last  year  I have  been  absent  from  home  210  days,  and  travelled  in 
all  2019  miles,  of  which  1091  were  on  tours.” 

The  Missionary  at  Battalagundu  says  ; “It  was  my  purpose  at  the 
beginning  of  the  year  to  give  up  one-third  of  my  time  each  month 
to  touring  and  public  business  away  from  home.  I have  been  able 
on  an  average  to  accomplish  this,  except  for  the  two  months  spent 
at  the  Sanitarium.  In  an  aggregate,  more  than  a month  has  been 
spent  in  the  regular  meetings  with  helpers,  and  the  remainder  of 
the  time  in  studies  and  duties  similar  to  those  of  a Minister  at 
home.”  Mr.  Webb  gives  the  following  account  of  his  labor  at  the 
station.  “My  plan  is  to  spend  one  Sunday  in  five  at  home,  and  the 
intervening  Sundays  at  the  principal  congregations  of  the  station 
in  regular  rotation.  When  at  home  my  time  has  been  occupied  in 
the  superintendence  and  examination  of  schools,  instruction  of 
helpers,  and  the  revision  of  a new  edition  of  Tamil  Lyrics,  and  two 
other  poetical  works  to  be  published  by  the  Christian  Vernacular 
Education  Society.  Including  those  visited  in  the  Itineracy,  I have 
visited  and  preached  in  about  100  villages.” 

Mr.  Tracy  says  of  the  work  that  has  fallen  to  him  : “In  addition 
to  the  ordinary  duties  of  the  Seminary,  I have  been  engaged  a part 
of  the  time  in  the  revision  of  the  Tamil  New  Testament  in  con- 
nection with  other  delegates  appointed  by  the  Madras  Auxiliary 
Bible  Society.  I have  spent  from  one  to  two  hours  a day  in  this 
work  for  five  years  past ; and  from  the  middle  of  June  to  the 
middle  of  August  I spent  on  the  Pulneys,  9|  hours  a day,  in  this 


6 


work,  with  the  other  delegates.  The  work  is  now  completed  and 
passing  through  the  press.” 

(1.)  It  appears  from  statistics,  that  seven  Missionaries,  doing 
station  work,  including  two  who  have  been  engaged  in  building, 
have  altogether  spent  nearly  two  years  in  touring  and  public 
business  away  from  their  homes. 

(2.)  It  is  almost  the  universal  practice  of  Missionaries  to  aim 
at  visiting  their  congregations  monthly,  by  a continuous  tour,  or 
weekly,  Sabbath  by  Sabbath,  in  rotation.  Six  Missionaries  report 
415  villages  visited  by  themselves.  One  Missionary  gives  statistics 
of  336  villages  visited  by  himself  and  helpers;  falling  only  84  short 
of  the  whole  number  counted  in  his  station. 

(3.)  Of  the  labor  of  the  Missionary  as  related  to  that  of  Native 
Assistants,  it  is  remarked  ; “ There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  personal 
influence  of  the  Missionary  has  much  to  do  with  the  formation  and 
increase  of  congregations.  But  the  usual  direct  instrumentality  is 
our  Native  Agency.  People  wishing  to  join  us  go  to  the  Catechist 
and  the  Catechist  brings  them  to  the  Missionary.  We  are  constantly 
urging  the  people  to  renounce  Idolatry  : so  likewise  are  the  Catechists  : 
and  it  is  difficult  to  tell  whether  it  is  more  our  preaching  than  theirs 
that  decide  the  people  to  come.  It  is  natural  to  suppose,  that  as  our 
Native  Christians  and  Catechists  are  ever  among  the  people,  and 
know  better  how  to  influence  them  than  we  do,  the  people  would  be 
more  influenced  by  them  than  by  us.  But  it  is  also  probable  that 
without  the  influence  and  superintendence  of  the  Missionary  very 
few  converts  would  be  made.” 


7 


II — THE  FIELD. 

1.  Village  Congregations  as  related  to  our  ivork. — In  our  system 
of  labor  the  village  congregation  is  the  instrumentality  with  which 
we  aim  to  move  the  surrounding  mass  of  heathenism.  Here  Chris- 
tianity is  taught.  Here  it  is,  in  a measure,  exemplified.  Here  the 
Missionary  comes  monthly,  preaching  in  the  villages  on  every  side. 
Here  a Catechist  resides ; and,  penetrating  into  the  surrounding 
region,  carries  the  lamp  of  knowledge  and  life  to  the  adjacent 
population.  A look  at  our  congregations  in  the  several  Station 
Districts  with  reference  to  the  thorough  evangelization  of  these 
divisions,  will  bring  to  view  what  has  been  already  accomplished, 
while  it  will  also  be  suggestive  with  reference  to  future  labor.  As 
indicating  what  has  already  been  gained,  we  would  refer  to  the 
appended  list  and  table  of  congregations,  observing  that  many  of 
these  sprang  from  older  congregations,  in  the  neighborhood  of  which 
they  are  located.  That  we  may  see  what  is  yet  to  be  done,  and 
our  position  with  reference  to  our  work,  we  will  briefly  review  these 
Station  Districts.  Great  differences  exist  in  the  different  Stations 
with  respect  to  the  compactness  or  scattered  location  of  the  congre- 
gations in  them.  This,  in  its  relations  with  caste,  will  afford  to 
thoughtful  minds,  a most  interesting  matter  of  inquiry  as  it  respects 
the  spreading  of  Christianity  among  the  people. 

2.  Location  of  Congregations — A Revieiv  of  the  Stations. — Of 
the  Madura  Station  District,  embracing  the  city  of  Madura  and  a 
territory  of  4 1 1 square  miles,  the  twenty  congregations  or  rather 
villages  in  which  Christians  reside,  are,  with  the  exception  of  the 
North  Western  part,  quite  evenly  distributed  among  the  419  villages 
and  198,000  population  of  the  Station.  “ I have  always  been  im- 
pressed,” says  the  Missionary,  “with  the  situation  of  the  congrega- 
tions in  respect  to  the  evangelization  of  the  field.”  Turning  next 
to  the  Terumangalam  Statio?i,  we  find  a tract  of  country  618 
squai’e  miles  in  extent,  having  a population  of  179,600  persons, 
living  in  894  villages.  The  thirty-five  villages  in  which  there 
are  Christians,  instead  of  being  scattered  uniformly  over  the  coun- 
try, skirt  the  Northern  edge  of  the  Tinnevelly  Collectorate  and 
extend  Westward  towards  Usalampatti. 


8 


In  the  Mandapasalei  Station,  the  fourty-four  congregations  and 
villages  in  which  Christians  reside,  joining  the  congregations  con- 
nected with  Tirumangalam  on  the  West,  are  scattered  over  a belt  of 
country  running  Eastward  through  the  middle  of  the  Station  Dis- 
trict towards  the  sea.  These  villages  give  to  the  Missionary  and 
Catechists  more  general  approach  to  the  400  villages,  and  the 
150,000  inhabitants  found  in  them,  than  in  the  former  case  ; still, 
they  by  no  means  afford  facilities  for  reaching  the  Northern  and 
Eastern  parts  of  the  field.  If  we  now  go  North  and  Eastward  we 
come  to  the  Stations  oj  Tirvpuvanam  and  Mana  Madura,  where, 
among  850  villages,  we  have,  by  the  addition  of  two  congregations 
in  the  Sivaganga  district,  Seven  congregations,  which,  while  they 
are  separated  by  wide  intervals,  are  sufficiently  central  for  the 
population  in  their  immediate  neighborhoods.  Passing  Westward, 
we  enter  the  Melur  Station,  where  “ the  eight  congregations  are  so 
situated  that  they  might  exert  a wide  spread  influence  over  the  730 
villages  and  138,000  people  in  that  district.”  At  Dindigul,  we 
find  seven  of  the  eleven  congregations  situated  within  a circle  of 
eight  miles  of  the  Station  centre,  leaving  a large  portion  of  its  1167 
villages,  containing  252,000  people  outside  of  direct  Christian 
influence.  It  is  too  early  as  yet  to  speak  of  Pulney,  except  to  say, 
that  the  six  congregations,  while  within  supporting  distance 
of  one  another  are  sufficiently  scattered  to  make  the  most  of  their 
influence  among  a population  of  142,000,  in  235  large  villages 
scattered  over  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  In  Battalagundu 
station , the  eleven  congregations  are  so  situated  that  all  but  forty- 
five  of  its  235  villages  and  hamlets  may  be  readily  reached  from 
them  as  centers  of  operation.  South  West  of  the  Battalagundu 
station  lies  that  of  Periakulam ; a district  of  250  square  miles,  with 
a population  of  65,150  in  117  villages.  Among  these,  are  four 
congregations  located  in  different  parts  of  the  field.  Continuing  on 
South  Westerly,  we  enter  a cluster  of  congregations  at  the  upper 
end  of  the  Kambam  valley.  These  belong  to  the  Kambam  station. 
The  Missionai-y  says  : “ All  the  Southern  part  of  the  station 
district  is  readily  reached  from  these  points ; but  along  the  whole 
face  of  the  Northern  boundary,  from  the  mountains  on  the  East  to 
the  mountains  on  the  West,  there  is  a belt  twenty  miles  wide  in 
which  there  are  only  two  congregations.” 


9 


It  would  thus  appear  that  there  is  no  station  where,  in  order  to 
reach  the  entire  population,  itinerant  labor  and  the  means  of  such 
labor  are  not  still  required.  Every  Missionary  should  propeidy  be 
an  Itinerant  in  his  own  station  district. 

Though  we  now  number  only  199  congregations  among  3,955 
villages,  yet  the  plan  of  reaching  and  influencing  the  entire  popula- 
tion by  means  of  such  congregations  is  a feasible  one.  Already  we 
have  in  some  sections,  earnests  of  what  we  may  expect  throughout 
the  district. 

3.  Respecting  the  working  of  our  stations. — The  following  state- 
ments of  several  of  the  Missionaries  are  calculated  to  throw  light 
on  various  parts  of  our  field  in  respect  to 

1st.  The  susceptibility  of  the  people  in  different  parts  of  the 
district  to  Christian  influences  ; 

2d.  Their  disposition  now,  as  compared  with  that  in  former 
times,  to  renounce  heathenism  and  form  Christian  congregations  ; 

3d.  Also  the  opinions  of  Missionaries  as  to  the  various  methods 
by  which  congregations  are  formed,  and  the  attitude  of  the  heathen 
towards  Christianity. 

Of  the  four  stations  cited  below,  two  are  situated  on  the  Southern 
border  of  the  Madura  District,  one  is  central  and  one  lies  Eastward 
of  the  center.  Two  of  these,  Madura  and  Tirumangalam,  have  been 
under  the  constant  care  of  a resident  Missionary.  Of  the  others, 
Kambam  has  been  under  the  continued  care  of  the  Missionary  now 
in  charge,  for  the  past  ten  years.  Tirupuvanam  has  enjoyed  less 
regular  care.  These  stations  are  presented  as  types  of  others. 
What  is  said  of  them  may  be  said  of  the  class  to  which  they  belong. 

4.  Remarks  of  the  Missionaries.  Mr.  Noyes  of  Kambam  sta- 
tion says:  “The  Southern  portion  of  my  station  seems  to  have 

been  more  susceptible  to  Christian  influences  than  other  parts  ; 
and  at  the  present  time,  the  region  of  Kombei  and  Devaram 
are  so.  The  providential  causes  seem  to  be,  that  many  years  ago 
Christian  institutions  took  root  here  and  have  been  in  operation 
ever  since  ; so  that  there  are  now  in  two  congregations  a second 
generation  of  Christians.  There  has  been  a large  Native  Agency 
raised  up  in  the  field  itself.  This  accounts  for  the  success  there 
has  been  among  the  Pariahs.  Yet,  there  has  seemed,  of  late, 
to  be  very  little  inclination  among  that  class  to  join  our  con- 

B 


10 


gregations.  Indeed,  their  number  has  decidedly  decreased.  Had 
it  not  been  so,  I could  have  showed  a large  gain ; for  there 
have  been  considerable  additions  from  castes  commonly  reckoned 
higher  than  they.  At  present  there  is  among  the  shanars  a 
marked  inclination  to  accept  Christianity.  The  truth  is,  that 
there  have  been  170  additions,  including  births,  from  this  caste, 
and  a loss  of  120,  including  deaths,  mostly  from  the  lower  castes. 
These  people,  at  first,  came  to  us  mostly  for  protection  against 
oppression,  and  for  assistance.  That  protection  and  aid  they  do 
not  now  so  much  need;  and  when  they  stand  in  need  of  it,  we 
are  not  as  able,  nor  as  disposed  to  grant  it  as  formerly — preferring 
to  depend  upon  influences  and  appliances  of  a more  religious 
nature.  On  the  other  hand,  the  upper  classes  know  more  of 
Christianity  than  formerly  and  have  less  objection  to  it.” 

“ I think  generally,  other  things  being  equal,  those  who  come  to 
us  in  bodies,  are  more  reliable  and  stable.  It  has  more  than  once 
occurred  in  my  experience,  that  those  who  come  singly,  appeared 
well  for  a time,  hut  could  not  long  withstand  the  opposition  and 
persecution  of  their  neighbours.  If  there  is  grace,  they  may  with- 
stand opposition:  if  not,  hut  only  a general  impression  of  the  truth, 
together  with  some  worldly  motive,  as  the  desire  of  living  at  peace 
with  their  neighbours,  or  avoiding  a loss  of  their  property,  or 
securing  the  marriage  of  their  children  in  their  own  clan,  they  go 
back.  Though  those  coming  in  masses  may  or  may  not  have  better 
motives,  or  more  or  less  grace,  there  is  a mutual  support.  They 
can  form  an  independent  community  with  all  the  privileges  of  a 
community  among  themselves:  as  such  they  obtain  respect,  such  as 
individuals  poor  and  oppressed  can  never  have.  This  I believe  to 
he  the  general  rule : but  there  are  no  doubt  many  exceptions. 
Much  depends  on  the  mental  and  moral  characteristics  of  the  per- 
sons in  question. . . .It  is  my  experience  and  the  universal  testimony 
of  my  native  helpers,  that  the  heathen,  at  present,  listen  to  the 
truth,  and  treat  those  engaged  in  evangelical  labors  with  respect. 
Except  Brahmins  and  Zemindars,  there  are  few  persecutors  or 
oppressors.” 

Mr.  Kendall  of  Madura  remarks;  “ I cannot  say  there  is  any 
difference  in  the  different  parts  of  my  field,  in  respect  to  its  sus- 
ceptibility to  Christian  influences  except  so  far  as  the  labor  bestow- 


11 


ed  has  been  greater  in  some  parts  than  in  others.  Also  the  charac- 
ter of  our  Agents  may  render  our  religion  more  acceptable  in  cer- 
tain quarters.” 

“ In  this  station  district,  the  people  have  never  come  over  to  us 
in  large  numbers.  I have  very  few  large  congregations.  When  I 
came  to  Madura  the  congregation  at  Annppunaddi  had  but  twenty- 
two  members,  and  the  number  of  attendants  could  be  counted  on 
the  fingers  of  one  hand.  Now  counting  absentees,  it  contains  eighty- 
one  members,  and  twenty-two  persons  are  connected  with  the  church. 
The  people  have  advanced  greatly  upon  their  former  position  ; and 
now  frequently  some  of  the  high  caste  heathen  attend  service  at 
their  church.  Quite  as  great  a gain  has  been  made  at  Kelamatur. 
But  the  time  has  not  yet  come  for  a wide  spread  movement  in  this 
field.  We  may  rather  expect  additions  to  our  number  from  the 
friends  of  the  present  members  of  our  congregations.  The  general 
attitude  of  the  heathen  in  this  quarter  is,  indifference.  Many  are 
convinced  that  heathenism  is  passing  away,  but  they  are  not  quite 
ready  to  break  away  from  their  friends  and  relatives.” 

Remarks  of  Mr.  Capron  of  Tirupuvanam, . “ The  condition  of 

the  heathen  mind  is  indifference.  In  the  region  of  Esalei,  a few 
Pariahs  in  different  villages  have  expressed  a desire  tojoin  us.  They 
have,  I suppose,  some  idea  of  help  or  protection ; but  they  would 
not  think  of  doing  so,  were  not  their  relatives  in  Esalei  and  Manda- 
pasalei  district,  Christians.  We  could  probably  gather  as  many  con- 
gregations as  formerly,  though  not  in  the  same  villages.  The  natives 
have  become  alarmed  by  our  position  on  the  subject  of  caste  ; and 
we  have  become  enlightened  in  respect  to  their  position  on  the 
subject  of  heathenism.” 

Of  the  method  of  the  formation  of  congregations  it  is  remarked: 
“ Perhaps  I shall  do  best  to  mention  a few  facts  that  have  fallen 
under  my  observation.  The  one  flourishing  congregation  in  the 
Sivaganga  district  is  made  up  of  the  relatives  of  one  converted 
man,  who  found  the  truth  and  was  baptized  while  in  the  Madras 
army.  The  only  others  reckoned  with  us,  in  that  region,  are  the 
members  of  the  Church  and  their  families.  In  the  one  village  of  the 
Mana  Madura  station,  a man  found  the  truth  by  calling  upon  the 
Missionary  at  Tirupuvanam,  in  his  journeys  to  and  from  Madura. 
He  has  trained  up  a fine  family  in  the  Christian  religion.  This  is 


12 


the  origin  of  that  congregation  ; and  this  one  family  constitutes  its 
entire  strength.  Neither  of  the  two  congregations  in  the  Tirupu- 
vanam  district  has  the  element  of  stability  which  is  given  by  one 
or  more  converted  persons.  One  of  them  seems  to  be  a cipher  as 
to  any  good  influence  for  our  cause ; and  my  hope  of  the  other  is 
in  the  children.  I should  receive  congregations  coming  from  any 
reasonable  motive  ; but  I should  prefer  to  have  them  give  some  proof 
of  their  stability  by  the  erection  of  a school-house  or  by  contributions 
in  money.” 

Mr.  Herrick  remarks  of  Tirumangalam : — “The  heathen  are, 
I believe,  generally  friendly.  Romanists  are  very  few.  In  one 
village,  Mallankinaru,  the  Christian  influence  in  some  respects  pre- 
dominates.” Of  the  parts  of  his  field  referred  to  in  a previous  page 
of  this  report,  he  says,  “ In  some  sections  much  more  labor  has 
been  performed  than  in  others.  The  people  are,  I think,  more 
ready  to  embrace  Christianity  than  they  were  15  or  18  years  ago. 
I have  never  had  large  bodies  come  over  to  Christianity  at  once.  In 
cases  where  they  come  gradually,  they  are  likely  to  have  more  know- 
ledge, and  therefore  likely  to  be  more  stable.  Those  who  wish  to 
join  us  from  an  evident  desire  for  help  in  worldly  affairs,  should 
not  be  received,  at  least,  till  somewhat  instructed  ; so  that  they 
may  count  the  cost  : but  such  opportunities  should  be  embraced  for 
preaching  the  Gospel.” 

1.  Judging  from  the  above  facts,  we  should  say  of  our  district ; 
From  internal  causes,  Heathenism  does  not  seem  to  be  effete  or  to 
have  lost  its  capacity  of  meeting  the  present  wants  of  the  people  at 
large.  No  such  wide-spread  preparation  exists  in  this  quarter  of 
India,  as  Christianity  met  with,  in  the  early  ages,  or  in  some  of  the 
aboriginal  tribes  of  India  at  the  present  day.  Yet  to  some  extent 
a preparation  does  exist  among  the  people  ; created  by  contact  with 
Christian  civilization  as  represented  in  their  European  rulers ; and 
by  the  general  spread  of  Christian  books  and  teaching. 

2.  Our  increase  has  not  come  from  sudden  accessions  or  extra- 
ordinary success  ; but  by  carefully  watching  over  what  we  have 
gained,  while  we  are  vigilant  in  extending  a knowledge  of  Christian- 
ity among  the  people. 

3.  The  work  of  our  Missionaries  has,  thus  far,  been  a work  of 
care  and  pains — taking,  rather  than  the  receiving  of  those  who  come 


13 


spontaneously  to  us.  Hence,  the  loss  of  a Missionary  from  a station 
at  once  shows  itself  throughout  his  entire  district.  We  are  yet 
sowing  : but  the  summer  draws  on  apace.  Men  should  now  be  in 
the  field  under  training,  to  take  the  places  of  those  who  are  leav- 
ing us. 

5.  Romanists  in  our  field. — Sent  out,  as  we  are,  for  the  purpose  of 
making  the  gospel  known  to  the  heathen,  we  find  a large  community 
of  Romanists  ; and  their  number  is  such,  as  considerably  to  diversify 
the  working  of  our  respective  stations.  In  the  Madura  vicariate, 
which  extends  along  the  Coromandel  coast  from  Trichinopoly  to 
Cape  Comorin,  Romish  authorities  number  141,000  adherents. 
Though  this  is  a small  number  compared  with  the  whole  popula- 
tion, the  Romanists  possess  far  more  religious  vitality  than  the  ad- 
herents of  heathenism  ; and  we  uniformly  experience  far  more  op- 
position, and  our  people  more  uniformly  suffer  persecution  from  them, 
than  from  the  heathen.  This  fact  has  an  important  bearing  upon  the 
results  of  labor  in  the  different  stations,  and  the  disposition  of  the 
people  generally  towards  Christianity.  Of  the  Tirumangalam 
field,  it  is  said,  “ Very  few  Romanists  exist  in  it.”  One  congrega- 
tion only,  was  gathered  from  among  them.  In  Dindigul,  200  members 
of  congregations  were  received  from  them,  and  they  are  numerous 
throughout  the  region.  Battalagundu  has  received  165  persons  from 
them,  and  they  are  numerous  in  certain  parts.  Periakulam  has 
received  22  ; not  numerous.  Pulney  70  ; not  numerous  ; while  in 
Mudura  one-half  the  communicants,  and  in  Sivaganga,  Mana 
Madura,  and  Tirupuvanam,  55  persons,  or  five-sevenths  of  all  com- 
municants received,  have  been  from  the  Romanists. 

6.  Stability  of  converts  from  Romanism. — In  regard  to  the 
stability,  of  these  adherents  it  is  said,  “ Those  who  have  been  re- 
ally converted  make  intelligent  and  stable  Christians.  But  chiefly 
on  account  of  the  activity  of  Romish  Agents,  congregations  gathered 
from  among  the  Romanists  are  held  with  much  more  difficulty,  than 
those  gathered  from  the  heathen.”  “ Poor  people  from  the  Rom- 
anists are  more  likely  to  receive  promises  of  assistance  in  trouble, 
on  condition  of  return,  than  those  from  the  heathen  ; and  in  times 
of  trouble  the  poor  are  greatly  tempted  to  go  where  they  think 
they  may  find  relief.” 


14 


7.  Efforts  for  the  Evangelization  of  the  Station  Districts. — We 
have  spoken  of  the  labors  of  the  Missionaries  and  of  the  Itineracy 
under  their  respective  heads,  to  which  we  would  refer  the  reader. 
As  a general  thing,  each  station  district  is  apportioned  off  into 
sections,  and  these  allotted  to  the  nearest  Catechist.  All  the  vil- 
lages within  convenient  walking  distance,  say  three  or  four  miles, 
he  is  expected  to  visit  systematically,  and  as  frequently  as  the  du- 
ties of  the  congregation  will  permit.  He  is  encouraged  to  extend 
his  visits  beyond  these  limits,  so  as  to  preach  in  all  the  villages  of 
his  section  at  least  once  a year.  In  some  instances,  Catechists 
visit  one  village  a day ; in  others  three  villages  a week.  It  is 
thought  after  careful  enquiry,  that  the  Catechists  spend  half  their 
time  among  the  heathen.  In  some  cases,  the  whole  time  is  devoted 
to  them  ; and  in  others  only  a small  fraction,  according  to  the 
efficiency  of  the  Catechist  and  the  size  of  the  congregation.  We 
have  never  done  more  than  we  are  now  doing  in  this  direction  ; 
but  opportunity  still  remains  for  more  of  system  in  our  operations 
than  we  have  yet  attained. 


III. — CONGREGATIONS. 

1.  Buildings  among  our  Congregations. — The  Mission  has  un- 
der its  control,  135  buildings  used  as  Churches,  prayer-houses  and 
school-houses.  If  the  school-house  is  not,  equally  with  the  Church, 
a center  of  Christian  light  and  instruction,  it  is  to  such  an  extent 
as  only  a Christian  school-house  in  a heathen  land  can  be.  Of 
these  buildings  owned  by  the  Mission,  twenty  are  held  mainly  for 
the  sake  of  the  heathen  in  the  midst  of  whom  they  are  located. 
Almost  universally,  some  building  situated  on  a business  street  of 
the  town  in  which  the  Missionary  resides,  is  held,  affording  him 
immediate  access  to  the  heathen  population.  Here  he  has  an  op- 
portunity on  the  weekly  market  days  to  address  and  give  tracts  to 
the  crowd  which  his  presence  is  sure  to  attract. 

2.  Their  construction  and  maintenance.  Respecting  the  erec- 
tion and  maintenance  of  the  churches  and  buildings  used  by  our 
congregations,  we  do  not  report  great  things,  but  we  report  steady 
progress.  Ten  prayer  and  school  houses  have  been  erected  this 


15 


year,  in  all  of  which  cases  except  one,  the  congregation  participated 
to  a greater  or  less  degree  in  the  expense.  Mr.  Taylor  says  ; 

“ Two  congregations  in  particular  have  made  commendable  exertion 
to  provide  themselves  with  convenient  and  respectable  houses  of 
worship.  I aided  one  of  them ; but  the  burden  of  the  labor,  even 
in  that  case,  was  borne  by  themselves.  I have  had  at  my  disposal 
from  the  mission  funds  only  Rupees  125  to  aid  both  in  building  and 
repairing  in  all  the  congregations.  This  for  more  than  forty  con- 
gregations is  a small  sum  indeed — hardly  enough  to  encourage  the 
Native  Christians,  even  as  aid  to  their  own  exertions.  I have  been 
obliged  to  press  into  this  cause  small  benevolent  funds  needed  for 
other  purposes  ; so  that  these  objects  have  suffered.”  Mr.  Herrick 
says;  “The  people  in  all  cases  help  to  keep  their  churches  in  repair 
by  contributions  of  material,  labor,  &c.”  Mr.  Noyes  says;  “Four 
places  of  worship  have  been  in  process  of  erection  this  year,  towards 
which  the  people  have  contributed  Rupees  19|.  The  congregations 
generally  attend  to  the  repairs  of  their  churches  ; but  not  to  those 
of  their  catechists  and  school-houses.” 

3.  Number  of  the  congregations. — As  representing  in  some 
measure  our  aggressive  work,  we  have  the  names  of  152  congrega- 
tions upon  our  lists,  containing  the  names  of  6341  members.  This 
year  has  given  us  four  new  congregations,  while  three  which  were 
dropped  have  been  reorganized,  and  three  others  have  so  far  decayed 
as  to  be  abandoned  for  the  present.  The  tables  at  the  end  of  the 
report  will  show  that  there  has  been  an  uniform  yearly  increase  in 
the  number  of  congregations,  indicative  of  the  gradual  spreading  of 
the  truth ; and  that  it  is  steadily  gathering  to  it  its  own.  The 
statistics  are  not  sufficiently  perfect  to  admit  of  any  statement 
respecting  the  stability  of  the  congregations  for  the  year. 

4.  Castes  from  which  our  congregations  are  collected. — ( a.)  There 
are  in  the  district  beside  the  Brahmin,  Farmer,  Merchant  and 
Shepherd  castes,  some  eight  or  ten  others  reckoned  from  old  time  as 
independent  Hindu  castes ; and  about  forty  other  castes  noted  by 
Tamil  writers  as  servants  to  those  above  them.  Beside  these  divi- 
sions, each  caste  is  split  up  into  clans  or  classes  to  a remarkable 
extent  ; any  one  of  which  rarely  if  ever  eats  or  intermarries  with 
another.  Thus  the  Brahmins  reckon  twenty-eight  divisions — the 
Merchants,  eight ; the  Pariahs,  twenty-eight,  and  so  on. 


16 


(b.)  While  there  are  many  castes  in  which  we  cannot  reckon  a 
single  convert,  an  examination  of  the  table  will  show  that  Christian- 
ity has  become  quite  generally  diffused,  twenty-six  different  castes 
being  embraced  in  our  congregations. 

( c .)  In  connexion  with  further  inquiries  they  show,  that  whether 
we  willed  it  or  not,  these  clanships  have  had  a marked  effect  on  the 
spread  of  the  gospel  among  the  different  stations,  confining,  and, 
perhaps  in  some  cases,  intensifying  its  influence.  It  will  be  found 
quite  generally,  that  the  members  of  different  congregations  of  the 
same  caste,  are  relatives.  The  story  of  many  of  our  congregations 
is,  that  having  heard  of  the  new  religion  from  their  relatives  upon 
some  extraordinary  occasion,  they  took  the  step  which  separated 
them  from  heathenism. 

( d.)  By  existing  facts  we  are  led  to  hope,  that  God  is  overruling 
and  will  continue  to  overrule  more  and  more  this  most  serious  of  all 
hindrances  to  the  spread  of  the  gospel. 

(e.)  While  therefore  we  do  not  neglect  the  publishing  of  the  gospel 
to  every  creature,  it  would  appear  that  those  villages  related  to  peo- 
ple already  with  us  afford  many  encouragements  to  special  effort. 
It  is  very  desirable  that  each  Missionary  should  keep  a list  of  the 
castes  and  the  relationship  of  the  people  of  every  village  in  his  field, 
in  order  that  he  may  more  intelligently  direct  his  own,  and  his 
assistants’  labors. 

5.  Persecution  of  our  people. — The  Hindus  are  usually  represent- 
ed as  a mild,  inoffensive  people ; and  we  are  not  accustomed  to  look 
for  violent  persecution  among  them.  These  characteristics,  how- 
ever, do  not  prevent  their  resort  to  certain  modes  of  persecution  of 
the  most  refined  kind,  and  surer  to  achieve  their  aim  than  the  most 
brutal  violence.  The  ban  of  the  village  is  a favorite  method  of 
reducing  refractory  members  to  submission.  Under  it,  the  common 
offices  of  humanity  are  withheld  ; the  offender  becomes  an  outlaw 
in  his  own  house,  and  is  obliged  speedily  to  flee  the  village  or  sub- 
mit. We  have  in  three  different  stations  instances  of  this  kind  of 
persecution  ; and  with  shame  be  it  said,  in  each  case,  instigated  by 
those  who  arrogate  to  themselves  exclusively  the  name  of  Christian. 
In  one  case  the  native  midwife  was  not  permitted  to  attend  upon  the 
wife  of  the  Catechist ; and  her  infant  perished.  The  same  was 
successively  true  of  two  sisters  of  the  catechist,  though  the  child  of 


17 


one  of  them  survived.  The  Catechist  and  his  family  have  been 
beaten,  stoned  and  robbed  under  the  same  instigation.  Another 
case  occurred  in  which  land  was  confiscated,  on  the  owner  becoming 
a Christian;  and  another  in  which  two  Christians  were  seized  on  a 
petty  charge,  and  sent  90  miles  in  handcuffs  to  jail;  so  that  if  perse- 
cution tests  and  refines  men’s  motives  the  Tamil  Church  of  Madura 
is  not  likely  to  go  unrefined. 

6.  Order  and  Regularity  of  the  congregations. — If  we  could 
know  the  value  of  a congregation,  the  advancement  of  a people  in 
religious  knowledge  and  their  interest  in  the  truth,  we  have  no 
better  criterion  than  their  average  attendance  on  Sabbath  ministra- 
tions. Taking  into  consideration  the  wickedness  and  religious 
apathy  which  were  but  a little  while  ago,  the  two  marked  features 
in  the  portraiture  of  the  people  who  now  compose  our  congrega- 
tions, we  speak  with  encouragement  and  hope.  In  three  of  the 
stations,  the  average  attendance  is  slightly  less  than  one-half  the 
congregation;  in  seven  stations  it  ranges  from  one-half  to  three- 
fourths,  and  in  stations  where  scholars  form  a considerable  part  of 
the  Sabbath  attendance,  it  largely  exceeds  the  entire  registered 
congregation. 

7.  Women  of  our  congregations. — It  is  the  shame  of  heathenism 
that  it  degrades  and  keeps  woman  in  ignorance.  Such  is  the  state 
of  the  women  of  our  congregations  when  received  under  our  care. 
It  is  our  constant  effort  to  make  them  respect  themselves,  and  be- 
come worthy  of  the  respect  of  their  families  and  neighbors.  But  it 
is  the  most  difficult  part  of  our  work  to  bring  them  under  instruc- 
tion, or  to  regenerate  the  Hindu  family  system.  From  the  very 
first,  our  efforts  are  directed  to  secure  their  attendance  at  Church — 
then  their  participation  in  the  lessons  learned  by  the  congregation, 
and  the  application  of  what  they  know  of  Christianity  to  the  con- 
duct of  the  family.  One  station  reports  the  proportion  of  females 
among  those  attending  Sabbath  services  as  one  in  three;  another, 
two  in  five;  another,  one  in  four.  In  regard  to  the  acquirement  of 
religious  knowledge,  one  Missionary  remarks;  “200  women,  or  one- 
third  of  the  Sabbath  audience  of  the  station  district,  are  reported 
learning  Sabbath  lessons.”  Another  says  ; “ Where  there  is  a Cate- 
chist to  instruct  them,  I find  them  learning  quite  as  well  as  the  men.” 

C 


18 


8.  Instruction  of  the  congregations. — The  almost  universal  prac- 
tice of  the  Mission  regarding  the  public  observance  of  the  Sabbath 
is,  for  the  people  to  assemble  once  for  tbe  preaching  of  God’s 
Word,  and  once  for  Sabbath  School  instruction.  Many  Catechists 
hold  afternoon  services  in  outlying  villages.  The  Sabbath  School 
is  found  to  be  a most  useful  instrument  of  communicating  religious 
truth.  Old  and  young  assemble  ; and  there  is  no  difference  except 
that  the  children  of  the  second  generation  surpass  their  fathers  and 
mothers  in  scripture  knowledge. 

Other  religious  instruction  of  the  week  consists  chiefly  of  public 
reading  and  exposition  of  the  Bible,  with  catechetical  instruc- 
tion morning  and  evening  in  the  School-house  or  Church.  Our 
better  catechists  instruct  the  people  in  their  own  houses  ; and  we 
have  known  of  catechists  taking  their  New-Testament  to  the  peo- 
ple in  the  field,  and  turning  to  good  account  the  long  noontide  respite 
which  a tropical  sun  compels. 

9.  Observance  of  the  Sabbath. — The  proper  observance  of  the 
Sabbath  is  surrounded  with  difficulties,  which  those  living  in  aland 
where  common  sentiment  and  practice  guard  the  day  against  the 
noise  and  business  of  other  days,  cannot  appreciate.  India  has  no 
Sabbath  in  its  history,  nor  in  the  practice  or  conception  of  its  people. 
The  compact  villages  in  which  our  people  live  among  Romanists 
and  heathen ; the  sight  and  sound  of  work,  trade  and  amusement ; 
all  go  towards  secularizing  the  day,  and  prevent  the  first  formation 
of  correct  views  of  sacred  time.  But  the  difficulty  is  most  seriously 
felt  in  the  case  of  those  who  cannot  read,  and  hence  have  a large 
amount  of  time  on  their  hands,  with  a maximum  of  temptations  to 
profane  the  day.  Some  efforts  have  been  made  to  meet  the  wants 
of  the  congregations  at  large  and  of  this  class  in  particular,  by  fur- 
nishing fresh  and  interesting  matter  to  the  teacher  of  the  school  or 
some  other  person  and  causing  it  to  be  read  in  the  intervals  of  ser- 
vice : thus  not  only  profitably  occupying  their  time,  but  affording 
material  for  meditation  and  conversation.  The  year  shows  us  that 
some  of  our  congregations  are  making  marked  improvement  in  the 
observance  of  the  Sabbath. 


19 


IV—  CHURCHES. 

1.  The  members. — We  reckon  the  same  number  of  Churches  as 
last  year,  and  1165  members.  We  have  not  been  blessed  with 
anything  like  a general  outpouring  of  God’s  Spirit ; but  we  hope 
individual  conversions  have  taken  place  at  several  of  our  stations. 
Mr.  Eendall  says  ; “ One  case  in  which  I have  been  most  deeply 
interested  is  that  of  a young  man  in  the  police  service  at  the  West 
end  of  Madura.  He  became  interested  in  Christianity  through  the 
influence  of  a catechist,  during  the  previous  year.  His  parents  and 
others  withstood  him ; but  he  made  rapid  progress  in  the  know- 
ledge of  the  Scriptures.  Having  resisted  all  the  efforts  of  friends 
and  priests  he  still  stands,  and  I trust  will  gather  others  around 
him.”  It  is  true  also  that  our  dying  Church-members  leave  a good 
testimony  and  memory  behind  them.  Three  instances  are  mentioned, 
in  which  the  last  hours  of  dying  Christians  were  harrassed  by 
Romish  agents  and  friends  craving  the  privilege  of  adminis- 
tering to  them  extreme  unction  and  burying  them  in  their 
communion. 

2.  Family  worship. — Simple  and  essential  as  this  is  in  the  eyes  of 

Western  Christians  to  religious  character,  it  has  not  as  yet  been 
thoroughly  grafted  upon  the  Indian  church.  Home  is  a word  which 
has  no  equivalent  in  Tamil ; and  family  prayer  is  one  of  the  special 
characteristics  of  a Christian  home.  Moreover  there  is  no  fireside  ; 
no  common  gathering  place  in  a Hindu  house.  The  family  never 
all  assemble  together  as  a family  for  any  purpose  whatever,  not  even 
to  eat.  A large  majority  of  the  heads  of  christain  families  do  not 
know  how  to  read.  Probably  a large  majority  of  them  never 
witnessed  strictly  domestic  worship.  Under  such  circumstances 
it  is  pleasing  to  receive  even  the  following  testimonies  : “Family 

worship  is  observed  by  a few  private  Christians;  though  I think  the 
daily  prayers  in  church,  too  often,  take  the  place  of  domestic 
worship.”  Another  says  ; “ by  some  of  our  families.”  Another, 
“ I am  happy  to  say  by  many  of  our  Christian  families.”  “ There 
are  also  many  who  take  an  interest  in  the  welfare  of  their  families 
in  the  Christian  sense  of  that  term,  and  make  real  sacrifices  for 
their  education.” 


20 


3.  Native  Pastors  and  their  churches. — (a.)  It  is  one  of  the 
principles  of  the  Mission  to  organize  local  churches  as  soon  as  con- 
gregations have  become  firmly  established,  and  persons  in  the  con- 
gregation of  approved  piety  have  so  far  increased  in  numbers  and 
intelligence,  as  to  make  such  an  organization  possible  and  useful. 
It  is  further  the  aim  of  the  Mission  to  place  such  churches  in  the 
hands  of  Native  Pastors  as  rapidly  asmen  judged  suitable,  according 
to  the  Apostolic  direction,  can  be  found  to  take  the  office. 

Excepting  one  Pastor,  who  early  sought  and  received  a discharge 
from  his  connexion  with  us,  all  our  eight  Pastors  are  now  connected 
with  the  churches  over  which  they  were  originally  ordained.  The 
oldest  pastorate  is  of  seven  years’  duration.  All  the  churches  work 
harmoniously  with  their  Pastors ; and  with  one  or  two  exceptions, 
much  to  be  regretted,  the  church  members,  as  a body,  are  harmoni- 
ous among  themselves.  While  we  see  deficiencies  and  imperfec- 
tions, as  a general  thing  it  may  be  said,  that  our  Native’Churches 
and  Pastors  are  our  hope  and  crown  of  rejoicing.  The  number  of 
church  members  at  the  close  of  this  year,  under  the  care  of  the 
Native  Pastorate,  is  343;  or  on  an  average  43  members  to  a church. 
They  have  been  increased  by  24  persons  added  by  profession  ; 
while  one  has  been  subjected  to  church  discipline,  and  15  persons 
have  died. 

(&.)  Ordinations. — In  April  of  this  year  Vethanayagam  of  the 
Mandapasalie  station  was  ordained  over  the  church  in  Samipatti. 
Of  this  ordination,  Mr.  Taylor  says  ; “ This  makes  the  fourth 
Native  Pastor  in  this  station,  and  gives  an  ordained  helper  to  the 
Eastern  part  of  the  station  district.  The  disposition  manifested  by 
the  Pastor  at  his  ordination,  as  well  as  before,  and  since,  is  pleasing. 
In  the  closing  prayer  at  his  ordination  it  was  affecting  to  hear  him 
confess  his  weakness  and  ignorance,  and  implore  Christ  to  dwell  in 
his  heart.  I could  offer  no  better  prayer  in  his  behalf,  and  may 
that  be  richly  answered.” 

On  September  30th,  Vethanayagam  of  the  Tirumangalam  station 
was  ordained  over  the  church  at  Mallankineru.  Mr.  Herrick,  writing 
of  it,  notes  the  following  points  of  contrast  to  the  state  of  things 
eight  years  ago,  at  the  time  of  a former  ordination  at  that  place. 
“ 1st.  The  church  building  (of  stone)  which  was  unfinished  at  that 
time,  has  not  only  been  finished  but  enlarged  by  an  addition  which 


21 


increases  its  size  one  half.  The  expense  of  the  addition  has  been 
borne  almost  wholly  by  the  people  themselves.  2d.  The  church 
now  contains  three  times  as  many  members  as  at  the  time  of  the 
first  ordination  ; and  the  congregation  has  increased  in  about  the 
same  ratio.  3d.  There  was  no  Native  Pastor  to  take  part  in  the 
exercises  of  the  first  ordination.  Now  three  important  parts  were 
performed  by  Native  Pastors.” 

(c.J  Extracts  from  Pastor  s reports. — Vethandyagum  of  Sami- 
patti  remarks  as  follows;  “ I am  glad  to  say  that  my  congregations 
are  doing  well  in  their  contributions  for  religious  purposes.  For  the 
church  which  was  erected  this  year  they  gave  Rupees  55.  Beside 
this  they  contributed  to  the  support  of  their  Pastor  and  to  local 
charities.  My  village  stands  in  the  midst  of  75  heathen  villages, 
among  which  I go  frequently  preaching  and  distributing  tracts.” 

The  Pastor  of  the  church  at  Periahulam  says  ; “ You  will  be 
glad  to  know  that  the  enmity  which  for  a long  time  has  existed 
between  two  office-bearers  of  this  church  has  greatly  subsided. 
Many  of  the  church  members  and  some  of  the  congregation  observe 
family  worship.  I see  such  dispositions  in  some  of  them  as  leads 
me  to  think  they  are  Christians  indeed.  A member  of  the  congre- 
gation was  called  by  a Romish  priest  who  questioned  him  thus  ; 
“What  made  you  go  and  join  that  religion  ? It  leads  to  hell.  You 
will  not  get  to  heaven  by  it.”  Thus  he  rebuked  him.  To  all  this 
he  was  silent.  At  length  getting  permission  to  speak,  he  pointed  out 
to  the  priest  all  the  truth  he  knew.  Then  the  priest  got  angry  and 
began  to  curse  him.  He  seeing  this,  knelt  down  and  prayed  ; “ Oh, 
merciful  God,  Thou  dost  instruct  us  in  thine  holy  Word  not  to 
curse  but  to  bless ; but  this  priest  not  properly  understanding, 
behaves  in  this  way  ! Open  thou  his  mind  by  thy  Holy  Spirit  and 
bless  him.”  The  Pastor  says;  “I  have  visited  157  villages, 
preached  and  distributed  scripture  portions  and  tracts  in  them.” 

Vethandyagam  of  Mallankineru  writes  ; “ Services  are  well  at- 
tended and  the  people  give  good  attention.  Some  of  those  who 
have  lately  watered  their  gardens  on  the  Sabbath,  until  the  rising 
of  the  sun,  unable  to  answer  questions  put  to  them  by  the  heathen, 
are  now  observing  the  day  more  regularly.  Their  heathen  masters 
are  pleased  to  allow  them  to  observe  the  Sabbath  from  the  belief 
that  otherwise  the  Christian's  God  will  not  bless  their  fields. 


22 


Meetings  for  prayer  are  held  in  the  Church  every  day;  and 
a forenoon  and  afternoon  service  is  regularly  held  on  the  Sab- 
bath. After  the  forenoon  service,  the  Sunday  school  of  wo- 
men and  youth  of  the  congregation  meets  for  an  hour.  Five  women, 
taught  mostly  by  my  wife,  are  now  able  to  read.  It  is  a pleasure 
to  write  that  on  the  second  Sabbath  of  October,  while  reading  the 
scriptures  before  preaching,  the  Spirit  of  God  was  pleased  to  open 
the  heart  of  a woman  named  Lydia,  to  feel  her  sins  and  the  sins  of 
the  people  ; so  that  she  wept  sorely  with  many  tears  and  prayed 
within  herself.  At  sight  of  her  and  hearing  of  the  Word,  almost  all 
the  people  were  pierced  in  their  hearts  and  shed  tears  ; and  at  the 
request  of  one  I offered  special  prayer.  I myself,  the  deacons  and 
the  church-members  have  been  able  to  sow  the  good  seed  much 
more  plentifully  than  heretofore.  The  hearers  in  many  places  are 
numerous,  and  more  ready  than  formerly  to  enquire  about  the  truth. 
Few  only  make  objection.” 


V.  — BENEVOLENT  CONTRIBUTIONS  OF  NATIVES. 

1.  It  is  twenty  one  years  since  the  first  contribution  to  religious 
purposes  by  natives  connected  with  this  Mission  was  recorded.  In 
1842  the  Catechists  and  Teachers  of  the  Dindigul  station  contribut- 
ed about  Rs.  100  for  the  support  of  an  additional  Catechist  in  the 
station.  During  the  subsequent  year,  evangelical  societies  having 
a similar  object  in  view,  sprang  up  among  the  Helpers  at  Madura, 
Tirupuvanam  and  Sivaganga ; and  contributions  amounting  to  Rs. 
121  are  on  record.  In  1846  the  cause  of  benevolence  took  another 
step  in  advance ; and  we  find  benevolent  societies  for  defraying 
certain  church  expenses  in  Tirumangalum,  in  the  Seminary  and  in 
Tirupuvanam.  Similar  societies  were  organized  in  the  remaining 
stations  in  the  year  1848;  and  from  that  time  to  the  present,  we  have 
tolerably  exact  yearly  records  of  contributions  as  a part  of  mission 
statistics.  Throughout  the  youth  of  the  Mission  and  up  to  the  Jubilee 
year  of  the  Board,  contributions  were  made  chiefly  by  persons  re- 
ceiving wages  through  the  Missionaries.  During  the  Jubilee  year 
and  the  year  subsequent,  the  congregations  to  some  extent  partici- 
pated in  offerings  to  the  Board  and  other  charities.  These  contri- 


23 


butions  were  considered  by  the  people  as  extraordinary ; and 
were  for  the  most  part  appropriated  to  objects  outside  of  the  respec- 
tive congregations.  Apart  from  the  mere  amount  of  money  con- 
tributed, we  believe  the  contributions  of  this  year  show  a positive 
advance  in  the  following  respects.  First,  in  that  these  contributions 
represent  more  than  they  have  ever  done  before,  the  gifts  of  our 
congregations  and  churches  at  large.  Second  ; That  these  contri- 
butions were  not  made  as  an  occasional  gift  ; but  in  many  cases, 
of  set  purpose  to  enter  upon  the  support  of  their  own  religious 
institutions. 

It  has  from  the  first  been  the  custom  to  require  from  churches 
under  Native  Pastors  a certain  portion  of  the  Pastor’s  support.  The 
effort  of  this  year  has  had  a similar  object  in  view  in  all  congrega- 
tions where  there  are  catechists.  It  is  true  that  for  various  causes 
we  have  not  succeeded  in  all  our  congregations  ; but  a beginning 
has  been  made.  In  the  Dindigul  station,  all  the  catechists  united 
in  a request  to  the  Missionary  to  deduct  one-tenth  of  their  monthly 
wages,  and  throw  upon  them  the  responsibility  of  receiving  that 
sum  from  the  congregations  which  they  serve.  The  congregations 
also  consented  to  this  arrangement:  and  at  the  instance  of  the  Mis- 
sionary appointed  men  to  take  charge  of  the  business.  Other  Mis- 
sionaries with  the  same  object  in  view,  have  made  representations 
to  their  people  and  taken  collections  either  by  sabbath  contributions, 
by  collections  in  small  earthen  vessels,  called  kalayams  given  to 
each  family,  by  harvest  offerings  and  in  other  ways.  In  the 
Madura  station  the  contribution  by  kalayams  was  very  successful — 
the  advance  on  last  year’s  contribution  assignable  to  this  cause, 
being  Rupees  31.  Contributions  were  also  made  to  the  Lancashire 
Relief  Fund  and  to  the  M.  A.  Bible  Society.  The  Mallankineru 
congregation  have  paid  the  wages  of  one  of  their  number  for  a part 
of  the  year,  as  an  Evangelist  among  the  surrounding  heathen. 
Funds  are  collected  in  our  congregations  for  the  repairs,  care  and 
lighting  of  churches,  the  poor  of  the  church  and  congregation,  the 
salaries  of  Pastors  and  Catechists  ; and  outside  the  congregation, 
for  the  Evangelical  Society.  This  last  amounted  this  year  to 
Rupees  614. 

2.  It  is  with  pleasure  also  we  record  the  good  will  of  the  heathen 
towards  our  cause,  as  expressed  by  contributions  in  several  of  the 


24 


stations.  In  the  Periakulam  field  Rupees  15,  and  in  Dindigul, 
between  Rupees  60  and  70,  have  been  received  from  them.  Mr. 
J.  Cornelius  collected  from  the  same  source  Rupees  175.  Mr. 
Taylor  also  says  ; “ The  heathen  in  quite  a number  of  cases  have 
considerably  aided  our  people  in  the  erection  of  churches  and  school 
houses.  They  have  shown  in  this  a good  degree  of  cordiality  and 
I trust  they  may  find  it  has  been  for  their  good.” 


VI.  — BOOKS  AND  TRACTS. 

1.  In  the  year  1836,  when  the  Mission  was  in  the  second  year  of 
its  existence,  the  Missionaries  write  that  “ a large  amount  of  tracts 
and  school  books  were  received  from  Madras  ; but  not  sufficient  to 
meet  the  applications  received  from  villages  in  every  part  of  the 
district.”  As  many  as  23,000  were  distributed  in  1841  by  the 
Missionaries,  then  much  occupied  with  schools.  In  1845,  in  the  full 
tide  of  the  new  village  movement,  75,000  tracts  were  distributed  in 
a single  year.  Up  to  1844,  400,000  tracts  had  been  put  in  circu- 
lation in  the  district.  During  the  last  twenty  years,  of  which  we 
have  definite  statistics,  it  appears  that  there  have  been  distributed 
to  the  1,800,000  people  more  than  6 millions  books  and  tracts, 
beside  school  books,  scripture  portions,  &c.  There  can  be  no 
doubt  as  to  the  effect  which  this  vast  circulation  of  Christian  books 
must  have  had  upon  the  single  generation  of  heathen  among  whom 
they  have  been  scattered.  Yet  it  is  not  uncommon  to  meet  with 
men  who  never  recollect  receiving  a tract  ; and  the  report  of  the 
Itineracy  shows  that  there  are  villages  where  people  flee  in  terror 
from  a tract  left  in  the  street.  Notwithstanding  our  best  hopes 
respecting  results,  we  cannot  refrain  from  some  questionings 
regarding  the  suitableness  of  the  books  circulated  to  achieve  the 
object  for  which  they  were  given. 

2.  Of  late  years,  distribution  has  not  been  as  profuse  as  formerly. 
We  believe  there  was  wisdom  in  the  wide-spread  distribution  of 
former  years.  Tracts  were  the  advertising  placards  of  a new 
religion  just  introduced  into  the  district.  We  think  there  is  no  less 
wisdom  in  the  more  discriminate  distribution  of  the  present  time. 
During  the  year,  59  Bibles,  154  Testaments,  3169  Scripture 


25 


Portions  and  30,128  Tracts  have  been  put  in  circulation.  Some- 
thing has  been  accomplished  in  the  way  of  sales.  In  two  stations. 
Rupees  3-12-1  of  books  and  Tracts.  In  three  other  stations, 
5 Bibles,  7 Testaments,  41  First  Books  and  a good  many  Sasterak- 
kummes  have  been  sold ; in  another  a good  many  school-books  and 
a few  Tracts.  In  Dindigul  and  Madura,  the  matter  of  distributing 
books  has  been  in  the  hands  of  Colporteurs,  who  have  made  con- 
siderable sales. 

3.  To  the  enquiry,  Are  any  books  published  at  Mission  Presses 
sought  after  by  the  heathen  ; the  replies  of  the  Missionaries  are 
unanimous  in  placing  as  first , The  Blind  Way — second,  Spiritual 
Teaching — Third,  Sasterakkummei.  They  also  speak  highly  of  a 
child’s  tract,  Don’t  Touch  those  Mangoes,  and  the  C.  Y.  E. 
Society’s  First  Book.  To  the  enquiry,  Why  are  not  our  books 
more  generally  called  for ; it  is  replied  as  regards  the  people  : The 
great  and  general  want  of  any  desire  for  knowledge  and  of  a taste 
for  reading.  As  regards  the  tracts  it  is  replied  ; 1st,  some  are  not 
well  known ; 2d,  some  are  dull ; others  are  obscure  and  difficult 
in  style  and  language  ; 3d,  the  style  is  too  generally  didactic  ; 
4th,  the  form  in  which  they  are  made  up  is  not  always  the  most 
desirable.  To  surmount  the  first  mentioned  difficulties,  it  is  sug- 
gested that  “ the  circulation  of  plain  interesting  books  on  other 
than  religious  subjects  would  stimulate  a love  of  reading  and  a 
desire  for  knowledge.”  “ We  can  hardly  expect  that  tracts  will  be 
asked  for  on  account  of  the  truth  they  contain  until  there  is  some 
love  of  that  truth  among  the  people.”  Secondly,  Simple  tracts  in 
narrative  style,  Indian  History,  Biography,  but  conveying  some 
pointed  Christian  truth,  and  books  of  Christian  poetry  should  be 
prepared. 


VII . — NATIVE  ASSISTANTS. 

1 . Catechists  and  Readers.  ( a.)  The  entire  number  of  Helpers 
employed  in  the  care  of  congregations  and  imparting  religious  in- 
struction is  117.  This  includes  also  our  eight  Native  Pastors,  of 
whom  we  have  spoken  elsewhere.  The  remaining  109  Helpers 
D 


2G 


embrace  persons  of  all  grades  of  piety,  ability  and  education.  Of 
them  we  may  say  generally,  they  are  the  best  men  we  can  command. 
We  think  that  the  comparison  of  our  helpers  as  a whole  in  successive 
series  of  years  will  show  that  the  last  are  better  than  the  first.  We 
believe  that  He  who  seeth  not  as  man  seeth,  beholds  virtues  and 
strength  of  character  where  we  often  fail  to  see  them.  Certain  it  is 
that  many  of  those  in  our  employ  suffer  uncomplainingly  from  year 
to  year,  the  indignity  of  being  excluded  from  the  houses  and  society 
of  all  their  relatives  who  are  heathen. 

( b.)  Their  Education. — It  appears  that  30  Catechists  in  our  em- 
ploy are  graduates  of  our  Seminary  ; 5 more  enjoyed  the  benefits 
of  a shorter  course  ; 25  others  were  educated  in  other  Missions, 
and  a large  number  of  the  remainder  have  been  instructed  a year  or 
more  at  the  Seminary.  For  the  purpose  of  supplying  the  religious 
training,  in  which  so  many  of  them  were  deficient,  and  at  the  same 
time,  encouraging  those  who  have  received  some  education  in  con- 
tinued habits  of  study,  the  Mission  appoints  lessons  in  the  Bible, 
Theology,  &c.,  for  examination  at  the  half-yearly  meetings.  Du- 
ring the  present  year,  portions  of  the  Epistles  to  the  Hebrews  and 
Thessalonians,  of  the  Gospel  of  Matthew  and  1st  Samuel,  have 
been  critically  studied,  besides  Church  History  of  the  17th  and  18th 
centuries,  Wayland’s  Moral  Science,  Theological  Class-book  and 
Catechism.  This  is  to  be  taken  rather  as  a specimen  in  one  de- 
partment, than  as  a summary  of  matters  brought  before  the  atten- 
tion of  the  helpers  during  the  year.  In  some  of  the  stations  the 
monthly  meetings  furnish  opportunities,  where  matters  connected 
with  their  whole  circle  of  duties  as  catechists  in  particular  congre- 
gations, and  preachers  to  the  heathen  can  be  handled  in  a great 
variety  of  methods — where  brotherly  love  and  interest  in  one  another’s 
work  can  be  fostered — where  new  impulses  in  religious  life  and 
new  devotion  to  duty  can  be  inspired.  We  look  forward  to  the  day 
when  we  shall  have  better  prepared,  better  developed  and  more 
devout  helpers  in  our  work.  It  is  not  to  be  disguised,  that  the 
great  want  of  the  mission  is  men,  fitted  by  nature,  grace  and  educa- 
tion for  the  work  of  catechists. 

But  in  the  mea<n  time,  we  give  thanks  that  there  is  through  God’s 
grace  so  large  a body  of  men  who  are  in  a measure  qualified  for 
the  duty  of  instructing  others  in  divine  things. 


27 


2.  School  Teachers. — The  Mission  has  in  its  employ  in  station 
and  village  schools,  52  schoolmasters  and  9 schoolmistresses.  In 
ten  stations,  there  are  39  masters,  seven  of  whom  attend  also  to 
congregations,  and  three  schoolmistresses  teaching  a part  of  the 
year.  Of  these,  twenty,  or  less  than  one  half,  have  received  an  edu- 
cation above  the  village  school:  and  considerably  less  than  one 
third  are  able  to  teach  the  elementary  text-books  in  Geography, 
Bible  History  and  the  Negundu  sufficienty  well  to  qualify  pupils 
to  enter  the  Seminary.  This  last  number  of  teachers  are  quite 
variably  distributed  among  the  stations.  It  is  plain  from  this  that 
so  far  from  being  able  to  raise  the  standard  of  education  in  the 
Seminary  and  throughout  the  Mission,  it  is  doubtful  whether  we 
shall  be  able  to  keep  it  at  the  very  moderate  position  in  which  it 
now  is. 

For  the  purpose  of  affording  some  remedy  for  this ; in  all  the 
stations  weekly  or  monthly  meetings,  according  to  the  location  of 
the  villages  in  which  schools  are  situated,  are  held,  in  some  of 
which  Murdoch’s  Hints  on  Education,  and  Fowler’s  Discipline  and 
Instruction  are  made  the  text-books  of  study  in  the  art  of  teaching  ; 
and  in  all  which,  Grammar,  Geography  and  other  school  lessons  are 
taught  in  an  improved  manner. 


VIII. — SCHOOLS. 

1. — Village  Schools. 

( a.)  Attendance. — The  statistical  tables  present  us  with  an 
account  of  59  schools,  and  1059  scholars — a falling  off  of  eight 
schools  and  an  increase  of  106  scholars  on  last  year  ; giving 
between  extremes  of  schools  of  80  scholars  and  those  of  less 
than  ten,  an  average  of  eighteen  scholars  to  a school.  Leaving 
out  of  the  account  the  year  1 859,  which  appears  to  have  been  excep- 
tional, this  is  the  highest  number  attained  for  the  past  ten  years. 
During  those  years  the  average  was  less  than  14|  scholars.  Should 
this  gain  prove  to  be  permanent  it  will  be  a matter  of  peculiar 
pleasure.  It  also  appears  that  there  has  been  a falling  off  of  eleven 
Christian  scholars,  and  a gain  of  13  7 heathen  scholars.  If  it  be  a 


28 


matter  of  surprise  that  Christian  pupils  form  so  small  a part  of  the 
number  of  our  scholars,  it  must  be  remembered  that  of  152  congre- 
gations there  are  at  least  94  in  which  no  school  exists,  and  it  is 
more  than  probable  that  a fair  proportion  of  the  children  in  those 
congregations  where  schools  exist,  are  already  in  school.  The 
reasons  assigned  why  schools  are  not  established  in  the  congregations 
are,  1st,  Deficiency  of  Christian  scholars.  2d,  Deficiency  in  funds. 
3d,  Difficulty  in  obtaining  suitable  teachers.  That  so  large  a portion 
of  our  congregations  and  of  the  rising  generation  of  Christians 
should  be  without  Christian  school  privileges  is  a matter  which 
demands  careful  consideration. 

(b.)  Obstacles  to  Improvement  of  the  schools. — The  difficulties 
which  stand  in  the  way  of  the  improvement  of  our  schools,  so  far  as 
Christians  are  concerned,  are,  1 st,  The  extreme  poverty  of  a large 
number  of  the  people  connected  with  us.  2d,  Their  want  of  an 
appreciation  of  the  value  of  a Christian  education.  In  the  eyes  of 
the  public  of  which  they  are  a mere  minority,  inability  to  read 
and  ignorance  of  matters  chiefly  taught  in  our  Christian  schools 
are  in  no  way  disreputable.  3d,  The  ordinary  education  of  a village 
school  seems  likely  to  confer  no  social  or  pecuniary  advantage  on  a 
child;  and  the  time  spent  in  school  seems  to  the  parent  like  so  much 
thrown  away. 

On  the  part  of  the  heathen  the  great  barriers  to  the  increase  of 
the  size,  and  a consequent  improvement  of  the  schools  are,  1st,  Caste 
prejudices — the  children  or  teachers  of  low  caste  practically  ex- 
cluding from  the  school  those  of  higher  castes.  2d,  While  they  do 
not  object  to  the  reading  and  study  of  the  Bible  and  Christian  books, 
they  object  to  these  occupying  so  large  a portion  of  the  children’s 
time  to  the  exclusion  of  nearly  everything  taught  in  heathen  schools. 
3d,  The  want  of  a high  reputation  of  our  teachers  and  schools  for 
skill  in  imparting  knowledge.  If  this  last  requisite  were  attained 
probably  most  of  the  other  objections  would  in  a short  time 
vanish. 


2. — The  Seminary. 

(a.)  Organization. — The  school  is  designed  mainly  for  the  pur- 
pose of  raising  up  and  educating  a class  of  teachers,  catechists  and 


Pastors  for  the  people  of  this  district.  The  school  is  under  the 
superintendence  of  one  of  our  number  longest  on  the  ground,  with 
a corps  of  four  teachers.  The  71  scholars  of  the  school  are  distri- 
buted as  follows.  In  the  first  class  7,  second  class  15,  third  class 
15,  fourth  class  18,  preparandi  10,  catechist  class  6. 

( b .)  Working  of  the  school. — During  the  two  months  of  term 
time  that  Mr.  Tracy  was  absent,  revising  the  Tamil  New  Testament, 
the  school  was  for  the  most  part  in  charge  of  the  Native  teachers. 
It  is  stated  that  “ during  the  absence  of  the  Principal  no  case  of 
discipline  occurred  ; and  all  seemed  to  vie  with  one  another  in 
diligence  and  self  restraint.’’  At  the  time  of  the  examination,  a 
class  of  four  lads  graduated,  and  a class  of  16  was  received.  The 
examiners  say,  “ Though  the  standard  of  admission  to  the  Seminary 
is  low,  none  of  the  candidates  reached  it,  and  most  of  them  fell  con- 
siderably below  it.  There  were  but  few  candidates  and  we  were 
compelled  to  take  those  who  came.  A class  of  six  catechists  was 
also  received.  The  Preparandi  class  and  the  other  classes  were 
well  prepared  in  the  studies  in  which  they  were  examined.  Though 
the  examination  was  for  two  terms’ study,  and  the  scholars  had  gone 
over  much  ground,  they  seemed  prepared  in  every  part  of  it.”* 
The  teachers  are  valuable  men. 

(c.)  Religious  condition  of  the  school. — Seven  of  the  students 
have  been  admitted  to  the  church,  several  of  whom  are  the  children 
of  pious  parents.  Two  of  these  passed  through  a saving  change  of 
character,  we  hope,  in  the  revival  two  years  ago.  From  fear 
that  they  were  too  young,  or  that  they  might  dishonor  their  profes- 
sion, they  then  refrained  from  coming  forward.  The  whole  num- 
ber of  those  who  have  united  with  the  church  while  connected  with 
the  Seminary  is  159.  Of  these  five  have  gone  back  ; and  there 
are  two  of  whom  we  have  not  certain  knowledge.  More  than  2500 
tracts  have  been  distributed  by  the  students  this  year  in  adjacent  vil- 
lages and  bazars.  Rupees  50-6-1 1 have  been  contributed  to  benevo- 
lent purposes.  We  have  representatives  of  sixteen  different  castes  in 
the  school ; thus  vindicating  in  our  highest  Institution,  and  among 
those  who  are  to  be  the  future  leaders  of  the  Christian  community, 
our  principle  of  non-conformity  to  this  heathenish  institution. 


* For  Schedule  of  studies  see  Appendix. 


30 


3. — Girls  Boarding  School. 

Mrs.  Rendall  says,  “We  have  reason  to  be  thankful  for  the  pro- 
gress made  in  the  school  this  year.  The  number  of  pupils  in  attend- 
ance is  50.  Since  the  plan  of  graduating  the  girls  after  the  com- 
pletion of  a prescribed  course  of  study  was  adopted  in  1857,  21  girls 
have  graduated.  In  addition,  eight  girls  have  obtained  permission 
to  leave  the  school  before  quite  completing  the  course  of  study. 
None  have  graduated  this  year.  Not  far  from  300  girls  of  the 
district  have  received  more  or  less  of  an  education  in  this  school  ; 
and  the  good  effect  of  this  is  working  in  many  places.  Twenty-two 
girls  have  been  admitted  to  the  school  this  year.  Some  have  been 
thoughtful,  regarding  their  religious  welfare,  and  some,  we  hope, 
have  been  truly  regenerated.  Four  of  them  united  with  the 
Church  in  December,  making  the  whole  number,  which  the  Church 
has  gathered  from  the  school,  63  souls.” 

It  is  said  of  the  girls  that  in  their  desire  to  contribute  to  be- 
nevolent purposes  “interesting  instances  of  self-denial  have  occurred. 
Some  have  wished  to  devote  their  jewels.  Many  have  asked  for 
work  to  do  in  their  leisure  hours,  that  they  might  have  something 
to  contribute.  A majority  give  a weekly  allowance  which  they 
receive  for  plantains.  “Freely  ye  have  received  freely  give,”  is  a 
passage  of  Scripture  they  frequently  quote.  In  addition  to  making 
their  own  clothing,  their  plain  sewing  and  crocheting  is  a source  of 
income  to  the  school.  Cotton  spinning  has  been  taught  and  they 
are  thoroughly  trained  in  domestic  economy.  The  girls  spend  their 
vacations  at  home,  where  they  assist  their  parents  by  spinning, 
sewing  and  sometimes  by  holding  little  bazars.  A few  go  out  to 
day  labor.  Many  of  them  are  very  faithful  in  efforts  at  teaching  the 
village  women  to  read,  persuading  them  to  attend  Church,  and  in 
explaining  to  them  the  Bible.  They  sing  their  school  songs  from 
morning  to  night,  and  the  heathen  girls  learn  them.” 

The  committee  report,  “that  at  the  examination  on  the  24th  of 
March,  the  girls  acquitted  themselves  very  satisfactorily,  with  one 
or  two  exceptions  in  the  lowest  class.  In  this  class  there  was  not 
so  much  readiness  in  answering  questions  on  the  map  of  India  and 
in  Mental  Arithmetic,  as  was  desirable,  though  in  the  latter  study 


81 


some  appeared  well.  The  compositions  written  by  the  first  class 
did  them  credit.  The  Scripture  lessons  were  well  recited  by 
all.” 

Of  the  class  received  this  year,  Miss  Ashley  says  : “ We  have 
been  particularly  interested  in  the  case  of  two  little  girls  from  the 
Pcriakulam  station.  They  have  no  mother.  They  were  so  desirous 
of  learning,  and  their  father  to  have  them  learn,  that  in  the  absence 
of  educational  privileges  in  their  village,  they  were  sent  away  to  a 
village  several  miles  distant,  where  they  lived  entirely  alone,  boarded 
themselves  and  attended  school.  Here  Mr.  Noyes  found  them  and 
sent  them  to  Madura. 

“ Another  is  the  youngest  of  four  orphans.  The  three  eldest 
were  with  us,  but  the  little  one  was  too  young  to  be  admitted  accord- 
ing to  the  rules  of  the  school  unless  supported  by  friends.  The 
sisters,  in  their  affection  for  the  one  still  outside,  employed  every 
leisure  moment  in  earning  money  for  her  support  in  school.  The 
child  is  now  with  us  and  happy  in  her  only  home. 

“ In  ability  and  aptness  to  learn,  these  school  girls  compare  favor- 
ably with  children  at  home — are  in  no  particular  less  interesting,  and 
are  far  more  easily  governed.  The  discipline  of  the  school  is  never 
a difficult  matter.  Labor  for  and  among  them  is  always  interest- 
ing and  for  the  most  part  encouraging.” 

In  taking  our  leave  of  the  school  for  the  year,  we  regret  to  part 
with  one,  who  as  a teacher  and  guardian  of  the  children,  has  been 
more  or  less  connected  with  it  for  the  past  four  years.  As  a Mis- 
sion we  deem  it  not  unsuitable  here,  to  express  our  high  regard 
and  esteem  for  her  ; and  our  wish  is  that  her  future  lot  may  be  both 
useful  and  happy. 


IX.— ITINERACY. 

1.  Labors  of  the  Itineracy. — By  a vote  of  the  Mission  in  January 
last,  a committee  was  appointed  to  make  preliminary  arrangements 
for  carrying  into  effect  the  plan  of  an  Itinerant  Mission  within  our 
stations,  as  previously  determined  upon.  The  committee  purchased 
two  tents  with  suitable  furniture.  They  also  drew  up  a plan  of 
Itineracy  which  embraced  all  the  Missionaries  so  far  as  their  cir- 


32 


cumstances  would  admit  of  their  engaging  in  the  work.  Two 
Missionaries,  and  as  many  Catechists  as  they  saw  fit  to  employ, 
were  associated  together.  After  mutual  consultation  the  time  of  each 
party  was  fixed — they  being  limited  only  to  a period  of  three  weeks. 
The  field  of  operation  was  left  to  the  choice  of  each  company. 

The  tents  were  first  pitched  for  the  Itineracy  June  1st ; and  labor 
was  continued  from  that  date  till  August  21st,  when  the  sickness  of 
one  of  the  parties  and  the  medical  duties  of  another  caused  a cessa- 
tion of  work,  and  the  rains  coming  on,  prevented  a renewal  of  it  by 
others,  who  had  arranged  to  take  it  up.  A period  of  82  days  is 
embraced  in  the  limits  above  stated,  in  which  138  days,  or  more 
than  one-third  of  a year  of  Missionary  work  was  accomplished  among 
the  heathen ; and  chiefly  in  regions  beyond  the  reach  of  ordina- 
ry effort.  To  this  is  also  to  be  added  more  than  a year  of  cate- 
chist work  under  the  eye  of  a Missionary. 

2.  Fields  of  Itineracy. — The  first  commences  at  a point  midway 
between  Dindigul  and  Pulney  and  extends  north  and  eastward 
towards  Dindigul.  The  second  locality  comprises  a region  for  20 
miles  south-west  along  the  banks  of  the  Yiega  river  from  a point 
south  of  Battalagundu.  The  third  locality  toured  over,  skirts  the 
southern  base  of  the  Serumalies,  from  a point  a few  miles  north  of 
Madura  to  the  large  village  of  Nattam,  and  includes  the  site  of  the 
famous  temple  of  Alagar.  The  last  locality  in  which  the  Itineracy 
worked,  comprised  the  region  south  of  Madura  along  the  southern 
road  to  Ramnad.  A region  often  passed  through  by  the  Mission- 
aries in  their  journeyings,  but  too  distant  from  any  point  of  approach 
to  afford  facilities  for  working  it.* 

3.  Results  of  the  Itineracy. — (a.)  The  Gospel  has  been  preached 
in  336  villages  and  hamlets  to  audiences  which  in  the  aggregate 
amount  to  20,000  persons  ; and  a large  number  of  tracts  and  Scrip- 
ture portions  have  been  left  behind  to  continue  the  work  begun. 


* During  one  month  of  the  Itineracy  we  had  the  assistance  of  two  Cate- 
chists from  Tinnevelly,  sent  us  through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Tucker  of  the 
Church  Mission,  and  supported  by  the  Native  Christians  of  that  District.  TVe 
record  it  as  one  of  those  amenities  of  Missionary  labor  which  we  love  to  re- 
member, and  with  the  hope  that  the  zeal  of  the  Christians  of  that  favored 
district  may  provoke  those  of  our  own  district  to  similar  zeal  and  good  works. 


33 


This  has  been  done  in  regions  where  the  Gospel  has  been  preach- 
ed little  or  none  at  all  before,  in  a method  calculated  to  attract 
the  attention  and  awaken  the  minds  of  the  people  towards  it. 

( b.)  A careful  exploration  of  our  field  has  been  made — revealing 
its  wants — opening  also  a way  for  further  special  effort — discover- 
ing communities  favourable  to  the  Gospel — finding  out  remnants 
of  old  congregations  and  persons  who  had  strayed  from  our  Chris- 
tian villages. 

( c.)  A reflex  influence  upon  Missionaries  and  Catechists  has 
been  produced,  exalting  our  views  of  the  greatness  of  the  work  yet 
to  be  done,  encouraging  our  hearts  by  the  advancement  of  the 
people  in  the  last  20  years,  and  by  the  extensive  spread  of  Christian 
knowledge. 

( d.)  The  beginning  of  a new  interest  among  our  congregations 
in  the  work  of  evangelizing  all  their  countrymen.  This  is  as  yet 
more  theoretical  than  practical ; but  we  look  for  growth  in  it  as  the 
Itineracy  goes  on  and  becomes  familiar  to  them. 

(e.)  In  general,  the  opening  of  a door  into  a new  field  of  labor, 
every  way  attractive  and  interesting  to  those  who  wish  to  serve 
their  Master.  We  speak  from  experience  when  we  say  this.  There 
are  fields  in  India  where  they  who  seek  for  glory  and  immortality 
may  take  the  sword  of  the  Spirit  and  the  shield  of  Faith,  and 
achieve  more  glorious  conquests  than  any  which  the  princes  of  this 
world  have  gained.  We  invite,  nay,  we  entreat  the  young  on  the 
threshold  of  the  Ministry  to  consider  their  privilege,  and  their  duty 
here,  and  come  over  to  help  us. 


X.— S AK1TAR1J1M. 

No  changes  of  importance  have  been  made  in  the  buildings  at 
the  Sanitarium  this  year.  The  Collector  of  our  District  has  con- 
structed a lake  in  the  midst  of  the  hill  settlement,  and  a carriage 
road  along  its  margin  is  in  process  of  construction,  adding  greatly 
to  the  attractiveness  of  the  spot.  Six  families  availed  themselves 
of  the  privileges  which  the  Sanitarium  affords,  of  retiring  from  the 
heats  of  April  and  May.  Mr.  Taylor  did  not  visit  the  Sanitarium  ; 
but  spent  the  hot  months  with  his  family  on  the  sea-shore.  Mr. 
Sanders  and  family,  with  Miss  Agnew,  of  the  Jaffna  Mission,  also 

E 


34 


spent  two  months  of  the  early  part  of  the  year  on  the  hills.  Sub- 
sequently we  were  permitted  to  invite  and  accommodate  the  com- 
mittee having  in  hand  the  revision  of  the  Tamil  New  Testament ; 
and  to  contribute  to  their  comfort  and  towards  the  hastening  for- 
ward of  that  work. 

The  Sanitarium,  though  originally  built  in  an  uninhabited  loca- 
lity, is  gathering  around  it  a considerable  native  population.  A 
church  was  organized  there  during  the  previous  year.  Of  the 
regular  inhabitants,  59  persons  are  enrolled  as  members  of  a con- 
gregation. The  average  native  attendance  on  Sabbath  services 
during  the  year  has  been  80.  The  station  is  to  some  extent  the 
center  of  evangelical  influences  among  the  hill  villages — the  Mis- 
sionary and  Catechist  visiting  these  as  time  permits.  A school 
house  has  been  erected  at  a cost  of  Rupees  450,  raised  wholly  by 
subscription,  and  a school  of  15  scholars  is  kept  by  a competent 
teacher. 


XI.  — DISPENSARY. 

Of  this  Mr.  Chester  writes  as  follows:  During  the  year  1863 
the  Dispensary  has  been  opened  each  morning  without  an  exception. 
At  seven  o’clock  we  begin  our  religious  service,  which  consists  of 
the  reading  of  a chapter  from  the  Bible,  and  the  ten  commandments, 
a short  address  or  the  reading  of  a tract,  and  prayer.  Medicine  has 
been  dispensed,  without  regard  to  the  caste,  religion  or  wealth  of  the 
patients,  in  the  order  in  which  they  have  come  each  morning  to 
the  Dispensary. 

From  the  5th  of  January  to  the  23d  of  December  1863,  the 
daily  attendance  of  those  requiring  and  who  have  received  medicine 
has  amounted  to  7815.  Of  this  number  2371  were  new  cases. 
But  as  two  or  three  often  come  with  a person  requiring  medical 
treatment,  the  total  daily  attendance  of  those  who  have  heard  the 
word  of  God,  at  our  Dispensary  during  the  year,  has  probably 
amounted  to  over  ten  thousand.  Out  of  1546  patients  recieved 
during  the  nine  months  ending  with  December  23d,  1863,  there 


were, 

Christians  (Protestant) 463. 

Christians  (Roman  Catholic). . 180. 

Mohammedan 1 08. 

Heathen 795. 


35 


No  charge  has  been  made  for  medicine,  but  in  response  to  an 
invitation  daily  given  to  the  patients  to  assist  in  the  purchase  of 
medicine  for  the  poor,  a number  of  the  heathen  have  contributed. 
The  total  amount,  though  small,  has  much  encouraged  me,  and  is  a 
promise  of  a greater  spirit  of  liberality  among  the  natives.  We 
have  had  no  provision  for  supplying  food  to  in-patients,  and  those 
who  have  remained  in  the  Dispensary  building  have  provided  for 
themselves.  A number  of  heathen  who  have  remained  in  this  way, 
as  in-patients,  have  manifested  much  interest  and  gratitude,  when  I 
have  subsequently  met  them  in  their  own  villages.  Many,  in  leav- 
ing the  Dispensary,  to  return  to  their  villages,  have  asked  for  the 
Bible  and  other  religious  books. 

I cannot  close  without  referring  to  the  great  kindness  and  liberali- 
ty with  which  our  English  friends,  in  and  near  Madura,  have  res- 
ponded to  an  appeal  for  the  purchase  of  medicines  for  our  Dis- 
pensary. Over  four  hundred  and  fifty  Rupees  have  been  contri- 
buted as  will  be  seen  from  the  list  appended.  While  the  amount 
contributed  has  been  of  the  greatest  assistance,  enabling  me,  con- 
trary to  my  fears,  to  end  the  year  with  our  Dispensary  free  from 
debt,  the  securing  it  has  been  a pleasant  part  of  my  year’s  work, 
from  the  very  cordial  manner  in  which  the  request  for  assistance 
has  been  met. 

The  thanks  of  our  Mission  are  also  due  to  Dr.  Blacklock, 
Superintending  Surgeon  in  the  General  Hospital  at  Madras,  for  his 
very  generous  gift  of  medicine,  bestowed  without  solicitation^ 
before  the  appeal  above  referred  to  was  circulated.  The  medi- 
cine was  of  a kind  most  serviceable,  and  could  not  have  come 
more  opportunely. 


In  concluding  the  report  for  this  year,  we  would  note  the  follow- 
ing particulars  : 

1.  Christianity  is  slowly  but  surely  advancing  in  this  District. 
The  institutions  of  Christianity  are  becoming  established,  and  are 
taking  permanent  root  among  the  people  themselves.  We  feel 
there  is  every  encouragement  for  patient  and  hopeful  labor.  As 
indicating  this  we  would  refer  to  the  statistics  of  congregations  and 
the  report  of  village  churches. 


36 


2.  We  have  on  our  hands  fourteen  stations  in  which  congrega- 
tions have  been  planted,  and  in  each  of  which,  for  the  thorough 
establishment  of  Christianity  the  presence  of  a resident  Missionary 
is  needed.  We  also  have  commenced  an  Itinerant  Mission  requir- 
ing the  service  of  two  or  three  men,  and  not  less  important  than 
the  former  to  the  advancement  of  Christianity  in  the  District. 

3.  We  have  for  the  supply  of  these  fourteen  stations  and  for  the 
manning  of  the  Itineracy,  eleven  Missionaries  including  a Physician. 
To  our  friends  in  America  we  would  say  ; that  though  war  rages 
at  home,  there  are  great  victories  here  also  to  be  won  ; and  we  wish 
it  distinctly  understood  that  we  are  in  most  pressing  need  of  men, 
barely  to  maintain  our  present  work. 

To  our  friends  in  India  we  would  say ; your  liberality  and  kind- 
ness during  the  past  year  have  again  assured  us  of  your  sympathy 
and  awakened  our  gratitude.  We  would  still  hope  that  in  our 
slight  co-operation  with  the  people  of  England  for  the  elevation  and 
Christianization  of  India,  we  may  continue  to  look  to  you  for  en- 
couragement and  support. 


37 

DONATIONS  TO  THE  MADURA  MISSION  DISPENSARY. 

Received  through  Rev.  E.  Chester. 


ns. 

A. 

p. 

A.  Blacklock,  Esq.,  in  medicine  ...  

120 

0 

0 

V.  H.  Levinge,  Esq.  

100 

0 

0 

R.  R.  Cotton,  Esq 

70 

0 

0 

Capt.  F.  J.  Moberly,  

50 

0 

0 

Lieut.  H.  E.  Coningham,  

20 

0 

0 

J.  H.  Nelson,  Esq — 

30 

0 

0 

Capt.  G.  M.  Payne,  ...  

50 

0 

0 

Lieut.  C.  A.  Porteous,  

25 

0 

0 

J.  D.  Goldingham,  Esq.  

20 

0 

0 

A.  F.  Sealy,  Esq 

25 

0 

0 

Capt.  E.  D.  Gomperts,  ...  

25 

0 

0 

G.  Combs,  Esq 

20 

0 

0 

W.  Yorke,  Esq 

20 

0 

0 

A Friend  in  the  Mission,  

25 

0 

0 

A Friend  in  the  Mission,  ... 

20 

0 

0 

Native  Christians  in  Malankinaru,... 

1 

0 

0 

A Catechist  from  Periakulam  station, 

0 

4 

0 

Heathen  patients  at  the  Dispensary,  during  the  year. 

7 

8 

6 

628  12  6 


DONATIONS  TO  THE  GIRLS’  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 


R.  R.  Cotton,  Esq 

V.  H.  Levinge,  Esq. 

R.  Wilson,  Esq.,  m.d 

Captain  F.  J.  Moberly, 

Captain  G.  M.  Payne, 


35  0 0 
35  0 0 
10  0 0 
10  0 0 
10  0 0 

100  0 0 


DONATIONS  RECEIVED  THROUGH  REV.  J.  T.  NOYES. 


J.  KohlofF,  Esq. 

for  Kombei  Church 

70 

0 

0 

J.  Dorypanadian,  Esq. 

>1 

99  • • * * * * 

80 

0 

0 

J.  Dorypanadian,  Esq, 

99 

School-house 

10 

0 

0 

H.  S.  Thomas,  Esq. 

Church 

20 

0 

0 

R.  R.  Cotton,  Esq. 

Kodi  kanal  School-house  ... 

20 

0 

0 

Rev.  R.  R.  Meadows 

99 

99  >9 

20 

0 

0 

R.  Davidson,  Esq. 

99 

9>  99  * * • 

10 

0 

0 

Capt.  G.  M.  Payne, 

9> 

9>  9> 

10 

0 

0 

Miss  E.  Agnew, 

99 

„ school  and  church. 

15 

0 

0 

Rev.  M.  D.  Sanders, 

9> 

„ church... 

10 

0 

0 

J.  Nesbit,  Esq. 

9> 

„ school  house*** 

20 

0 

0 

Capt.  Rives, 

99 

9>  99  **• 

20 

0 

0 

Col.  Hamilton, 

99 

99  99 

15 

0 

0 

Total  Rupees.  200  0 0 


* The  list  is  in  the  order  in  which  donations  were  received. 


38 


COURSE  OF  SEMINARY  STUDIES  FOR  THE  YEAR  1863. 


Graduating  Class. 

Geometry  begun — Carroll’s  Algebra 
73—128  p. 

Pope’s  History  of  England. 

Bible — Revelations. 

Lectures  on  Homiletics,  Moral  Science. 
Hopkin’s  Christian  Instructor,  4—8 
chap. 

Class  I. 

Geometry  begun — Carroll's  Algebra 
73—139  p. 

Nannul  finished  from  Sutteram  252. 
Classical  Reader,  English  and  Tamil 
First  Book — Pope’s  History  of  India 
10  chap. 

Bible— Hebrews,  James,  1 and  2 Peter 
with  Romans. 

Rhenius’  Evidences  of  Christianity. 
Wayland’s  Moral  Science. 

Class  II. 

Nannul  finished  from  Sutteram  252. 
Classical  Reader,  42  pp. 

Colenso’s  Arithmetic  reviewed. 
Carroll’s  Algebra  begun. 

Chamber’s  Geographical  Primer. 

Bible — Nehemiali,  Esther,  Job,  Mat- 
thew. 

Geography  of  Palestine,  93 — 134  p. 
Rhenius’  Evidences  3 chapters. 

Class  III. 

Pope’s  2d  Grammar  finished. 

Minor  Poets,  55  pages. 

COURSE  OF  STUDY  IN  THE 
FOR 

Class  I. 

Arithmetic,  Grammar,  Physiology. 
Bible — Isaiah. 

Composition,  Penmanship. 

Class  II. 

Geography,  Arithmetic,  Grammar. 
Ancient  History,  Scripture  History. 
Bible— Acts  of  the  Apostles. 

Reading,  Penmanship. 


Colenso’s  Arithmetic,  1st  part  finish- 
ed and  2d  part  begun. 

Ensuvadi — Tables  of  fractions. 

Bible — Exodus  21st  Chap — Judges. 
Sacred  Geography,  14—58  pages. 

Class  IV. 

Pope’s  2d  Grammar,  40  pp. 

Colenso’s  Arithmetic,  Part  I,  17  pp. 
Bible — Genesis  37  Chapters. 

Sacred  Geography,  1—31  pp. 

Preparandi  Class. 

Church  History. 

Colenso’s  Arithmetic,  50  pp. 

Pope’s  2d  Grammar  finished. 

Rhenius’  Body  of  Divinity  10  chap. 
Rhenius’  Evidences,  102  pp. 

Sacred  Geography. 

Bible— Leviticus — 1 Kings. 

Catechists  Class. 

Church  History. 

Rhenius’  Evidences. 

Bible— Samuel — Kings. 

Arithmetic. 

General  Studies. 

Elocution,  Penmanship,  Composition. 
Physical  Geography. 

Plans  of  Sermons  by  the  older  classes. 

GIRLS’  BOARDING  SCHOOL 
1863. 

Class  HI. 

Arithmetic,  Geography. 

New  Testament  History. 

Bible — Gospel  of  Matthew. 

Reading,  Penmanship. 

Class  IV. 

Mental  Arithmetic,  Oral  Geography. 
Shorter  Catechism. 

New  Testament  History,  Reading. 
Scudder’s  Catechism  by  all  the  Schools. 


39 


A LIST  OF  CONGREGATIONS. 

Showing  also  when  and  by  whom  they  were  organized. 


1 

Madura, 

..  W.  Todd,  

1835 

2 

Kermatur, 

C.  T.  Muzzy, 

1846 

3 

Annuppande,  ... 

,,  

1845 

4 

Vandiyur*  •••  •••  ••• 

„ 

1845 

5 

Tenur, 

• • jf  ••• 

1846 

6 

Kadcherayirupu, 

• • • • • • 

1846 

7 

Andipatti, 

)>  • • • 

1846 

8 

Solavantan, 

1846 

9 

Tiruvedikkam, 

” 

1847 

10 

Pilleiyapaleiyam, 

J.  Rendall, 

1852 

11 

Melakal, 

1856 

12 

Vireipandi, 



1857 

13 

V alSisei, 

1859 

14 

Putbur, 

1860 

15 

Penunggudi, 

* * * * * * * * 

1860 

16 

Sikkanthamalei, 

1860 

17 

Sellur, 

,,  ...  . . . 

1860 

18 

Velianggudi,  ... 

»>  * * * 

1862 

19 

Valeiyapatti, 

. „ 

1862 

20 

Kovilpatti, 

„ 

1863 

21 

Dindigul, 

R 0.  Dwight,  ... 

1836 

22 

V erakul, 

J.  J.  Lawrence, 

1846 

23 

Karasalpatti, 

G.  W.  McMillan, 

1848 

24 

Anumantharayankottei,  ... 

» 

1848 

25 

Kanaviidi,  ... 

,,  ...  ... 

1849 

26 

Kusavapatti, 

E.  Webb, 

1850 

27 

Pukeiyileipatti, 

. ,, 

1851 

28 

Kottarapatti, 

G.  McMillan, 

1852 

29 

Muruganpatti, 

. E.  Webb,  

1853 

30 

Komayampatti)  ... 

„ 

1854 

31 

Vembarapatti, 

• • „ • • • ••• 

1853 

32 

Tirupuvanam,  ••• 

N.  M.  Crane, 

1837 

33 

Vadakkur,  ... 

. . C.  F.  Muzzy,  

1845 

34 

Esali, 

H.  S.  Taylor, 

1846 

35 

Varasur, 

. W.  B.  C apron,  ... 

1863 

36 

Setur  (Sivaganga  Station)... 

E.  Webb, 

1847 

37 

Sembar, 

. J.  E.  Chandler, 

1854 

38 

Sudiyur,  (Mana  Madura  Sta.)  H.  Cherry,  

1845 

39 

Tirumangalam,* 

W.  Tracy,  

1837 

40 

Urapanur,  ... 

...  J.  Herrick, 

1846 

41 

Mathavan  ayakanur, 

),  ...  ... 

1847 

42 

Pereiyur, 

JJ  * * • * ** 

1849 

43 

Mallankinaru, 

)»  * * * * ** 

1849 

Note. — In  some  cases  congregations  have  decayed  and  have  been  reformed  this  is  indicated  by  the  figures  in  the  2d 
column. 

A’bte.—The  congregation  at  Sivagunga  formed  in  1837  by  W.  Todd  is  abandoned  for  the  present. 

* Afterwards  formed  into  the  village  of  Christamangalam  by  Ford  and  Little. 


44 

45 

46 

47 

48 

49 

50 

51 

52 

53 

54 

55 

56 

57 

58 

59 

60 

61 

62 

63 

64 

65 

66 

67 

68 

69 

70 

71 

72 

73 

74 

75 

76 

77 

78 

79 

80 

81 

82 

83 

84 

85 

86 

87 

88 

89 

90 

91 


40 

A LIST  OF  CONGREGATIONS. — {Continued.') 


Sedupatti, 

...  G.  Ford, 

1852 

Vandari, 

T.  S Burnell, 

1856 

Ammaputti,  ... 

...  J.  T.  Noyes, 

1857 

Palavanattam, 

. . J.  Herrick 

1857 

Ellumalei,  

•••  »»  •••  ••• 

1857 

Kukulangcharei,  ... 

••  »»  •••  ••• 

1857 

Veppampatti, 

• ••  ))  •••  ••• 

1859 

Kariyanenthal,  ... 

» •••  ••• 

1859 

Mundudeippu, 

...  » 

1859 

Perungamanalur,  ... 

...  )>  •••  ••> 

1860 

Sempatti, 

...  ...  ... 

1861 

Nadukottei, 

...  ft  ...  ... 

1861 

Selupapilleiyanattam,  ... 

...  S.  P.  G 

Kalkurichi, 

...  J.  Herrick,  

1863 

Tandiyan  patti, 



1861 

Kundalisanthei, 

1861 

Pasumalet, 

...  W.  Tracy,  ... 

1845 

Pkriyakulaji,  

G.  Ford, 

1848 

Kotteimedu, 

...  J.  J.  Lawrence, 

1845 

Maneyagaranpatti, 

G.  Ford,  

1850 

Andipatti, 

...  J.  T.  Noyes, 

1859 

Sakkammalpatti, 

))  *..  ••• 

1859 

Kodiranal, 

1856 

Ivambara, 

Church  Mission, 

1830 

Kovilapuram, 

...  J.  J.  Lawrence, 

1843 

Kombei, 

)f  ...  ••• 

1844 

Puthupatti, 

„ 

1845 

Kamayakavandanpatti,... 

„ 

1845 

Bodiniyakkaniir, 

...  G.  Ford,  ... 

1850 

Uppukottei, 

J)  ...  ..» 

1850 

Pannipuram, 

...  

1851 

Tevaram, 

E.  Webb 

1853 

Mettupatti,  ... 

...  J.  T.  Noyes, 

1854 

Kuchanur, 

j)  ...  ... 

1854 

Narayanadevanpatti, 

...  ))  ...  ... 

1854 

Sinnavanayikkanur, 

,,  ...  ... 

1855 

Kudalflr,... 

...  „ 

1856 

Uttamapaleiyam, 

)}  ...  ... 

1856 

Mutilapuram, 

...  9)  ...  ... 

1 857 

Aneikkareipatti, 

1857 

Battaeagundu, 

...  J.  J.  Lawrence,  ... 

1846 

Silukuvarpatti, 

„ 

1846 

Sinnakavandunpatti,  ... 

...  G.  McMillan, 

1848 

Sittur, 

1848 

Old  Silukuvarpatti, 

...  99  •••  ••• 

1848 

Vadipatti 

..  C.  F.  Muzzy, 

18  52 

Pomanpatti, 

...  C.  F.  Muzzy. 

1852 

Paleiyatamcottei, 

G.  W.  McMillan,  ... 

1853 

1861 


97 

98 

99 

100 

101 

102 

103 

104 

105 

106 

107 

108 

109 

110 

111 

112 

113 

114 

115 

116 

117 

118 

119 

120 

121 

122 

123 

124 

125 

126 

127 

128 

129 

130 

131 

132 

133 

134 

135 

136 

137 

138 

139 

140 

141 


41 


A LIST  OF  CONGREGATIONS. — {Continued.) 


Pallarpatti, 

. . J.  E.  Chandler,  . . . 

1858 

Murugatturanpatti, 

S.  P.  G 

1860 

Ammapatti,  "... 

,,  

1835 

1860 

Mandapasalej, 

H.  S.  Taylor, 

1846 

Latchamipuram, 

...  y,  ... 

1846 

Tumisinampatti, 

» * * * • • • 

1846 

Tuval, 

1846 

Rasagopcileiyam, 

n ...  . . • 

1849 

Valampatti, 

...  t)  ... 

1850 

E.  Karasalkulam, 

„ 

1850 

W.  Karasalkulam,  . . . 

» 

1850 

Sevalpatti,  * ... 

„ 

1850 

Kallumadei, 

...  ,,  ... 

1850 

E.  Murdimanniyar  kottei, 

1851 

1862 

Velanuruni,  * , . 

1851 

Gopisanthanampatti, 

)} 

1851 

Naruttanpatti(  " ... 

1852 

Tumunapuram,  ... 

1852 

Perunari,. 

1852 

Kalliirani, 

1852 

Attipatti, 

1853 

Purasalur, 

1853 

Paralichi, 

1853 

Panthalgudi, 

1853 

Natta  Kadu, 

1854 

Samipatti, 

1854 

Sattamadam, 

1854 

Kanjampatti, 

1854 

Sittikulum, 

1854 

Arupukottei, 

N.  E.  Sy 

1854 

Krishnapuram, 

. H.  S.  Taylor,  . . . 

1855 

Gopalapuram, 

1855 

Neringipatti, 

...  ))  ... 

1858 

Nadangkuium, 

1859 

Uchinattam, 

1860 

Mavilangkei. 

1860 

E.  Kulakkarei, 

1860 

Kuruntamedu, 

1860 

Settipatti,  ‘ 

...  >1 

1860 

Pulangkal, 

I860 

Kergudi, 

1861 

Kannirasapuram, 

)>  ... 

1862 

Puthukottei, 

* . * „ ...  ... 

1862 

! 

Sengalpadi, 

„ 

1862 

Kovilangkulum, 

...  ))  ...  ... 

1862 

Pumaleipatti,  

)>  • • * * 

1863 

1863 

Pariyampatti, 

. J.  Herrick, 

PuLNET, 

J.  J.  Lawrence, 

1845 

Manur, 

E.  Webb, 

1852 

Kiranur, 

C,  T.  White, 

1862 

T 


42 


A LIST  OF  CONGREGATIONS—  {Continued.) 


142 

Vilvathampatti, 

„ 

1862 

143 

Kalinayakanpatti, 

••  > *• 

1863 

144 

Kumaralingam, 

M * ,r  •• 

1863 

145 

Melur, 

...  C F.  Muzzy, 

1845 

146 

Veil  eiy  ankundam, 

>)  • • • * #* 

1850 

147 

Mangkulam, 

• »i  • • • 

1845 

148 

Kambiir, 

1845 

149 

Kottampatti, 

...  tt  • • • 

1845 

150 

Sivalpatti, 

„ 

1850 

151 

Sendaleipatti, 

...  T.  S.  Burnell, 

1861 

152 

Samuttrapatti, 

» •••  ••• 

1863 

A LIST  OF  STATION  CHURCHES. 


WITH  THE  TIME  OF  THEIR  FORMATION. 


1 

Madura  East,  ...  October  3d, 

1836 

2 

Dindigul  East,  ...  ...  July  9th,  ...  ... 

1837 

3 

Tirupuvanam,  ...  September  1st, 

1839 

4 

Tirumangalam, 

1839 

5 

Sivaganga, 

1841 

6 

Pasumalei, 

1845 

7 

Puthukottei, 

1845 

8 

Dindigul  West,  ...  ...  ... 

1846 

9 

Periyakulam, 

1847 

10 

Madura  Fort, 

1848 

11 

Mandapasalei, 

1851 

12 

Battalagundu, 

1857 

13 

Melur, 

1857 

14 

Pulney, 

1858 

15 

Sanitarium, 

1862 

A LIST  OF  VILLAGE  CHURCHES. 

WITH  THE  TIME  OF  THEIR  ORGANIZATION. 


1 

Mangkulam  (Melur) 

1848 

2 

W.  Karasalkulam  (Mandapasalei)  ... 

1855 

3 

E.  Karasalkulam,  „ ...  ... 

1855 

4 

Sevalpatti,  ' „ 

1855 

5 

Velanuruni,  „ 

1855 

6 

Paralichi,*  „ 

1855 

7 

Mallankineru  (Tirumangalam) 

1855 

8 

Keramatur  (Madura) 

1856 

9 

Bodaniyakanur,  (Ivambam) 

1856 

10 

Kovilpuram,  „ 

1856 

11 

Kambam, 

1856 

12 

Kombei,  „ 

1856 

13 

Kamayakavandanpatti,  „ 

1858 

14 

Kanjampatti,  (Mandapasalei) 

1858 

15 

Purasalur,  „ 

1858 

16 

Dindigul  Tillage, 

1858 

pjott. — The  Church  and  Congregations  at  Puthukottel  were  riven  over  to  the  Leipsic  Missionary  Society  in  1849. 
The  Dindigul  West  Church  was  merged  with  that  of  Dindigul  East  in  1854.  The  Church  at  Madura  Fort  was 
united  with  that  of  Madura  East  1855.  The  Mangkulam  Church  was  transferred  to  Melur  and  became  part  of  the 
Melux  Station  Church  in  1857. 


TABLE  SHOWING  THE  CASTES  FROM  WHICH  THE  PEOPLE  OF  OUR  CONGREGATIONS  COME. 


43 


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Battalagundu,  

Dindigul, 

Kambam,  ... 

Madura,  ...  

Mani  Madura,  , 

Mandapasalei,  ...  

Melur, 

Pasumalei,  ...  

Periyakulam, 

Pulney,  

Sivaganga,  

Tirumangalam, 

Tirupuvanam,  ... 
Usalampatti, 

NATIVE  PASTORS  AND  CHURCHES. 


44 


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Station. 

Mandapasalei 

Madura,  

Periyakulam,  

Dindigul,  

Mandapasalei,  

Mandapasalei,  

Tirumangalam, 

Total.. . 

Church. 

W.  Karasalkulam, 

Mandapasalei 

Iveramatur, 

Kotteimedu,  

Dindigul  Village, 

E.  Karasalkulam, 

Samipatti,  

Mallankineru,  

Dismissed  in  1858.) 

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Names  of  Pastors. 

Pastor  H.  Zelva,  

Pastors  Yasadean,  

„ S.  Williams,  

„ E.  Seymour,  

„ Saveramuttu,  

„ Christian,  

„ Vethanayagam, 

„ Vethanayagam, 

(S.  Winfred  

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4.1 


GENERAL  STATISTICS  OF  THE  MISSION  FROM  ITS  COMMENCEMENT 


Villagb  Congre- 
gations. 

CUURCUES. 

Schools. 

Books. 

Girls' 

Village. 

Seminary. 

Boarding 

School. 

CO 

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118 

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45248 

Contributions 
by  Natives. 


102 
1 IS 


123 

132 

110 


166 

145 

79 

212 

340 

419 

836 

730 


665 

1.1 11 


1.024 

1.604 


0 111  part. 


i In  part. 


Note.—  Up  (o  1811,  400,000  Tracu  n 
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CONGREGATIONS. 

j Battalagundu  ...  

j Dindigul 

Karabam  ...  ...  

Madura 

Mana  Madura  

MandapasaUi 

Mtlur 

PasumaUi 

Periakulam 

Pulney 

Sivaganga 

Tirumangalam 

Tirupuvanam 

Usalampatti 

Total  . . . 

47 


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149 

169 

220 

242 

0 

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CHURCHES. 

Battalagundu  ... 

Dindigul  ...  

Kambam 
Madura  ... 

Man  a Madura... 

Mandapasalei  

Melur  

Pasumalei  

j Periyakulam  .. 

Putney  ... 

Sivaganga 

Tirumangalam  

Tirupuvanam  ... 
Usalampatti  ... 

Total... 

48 


Contri- 

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Native  Assistants. 
Books. 
Schools. 

Native  Contributions. 

Battalagundu,  

Dindigul,  ...  

Kambam,  ...  

Madura, 

Mana  Madura, 

Mandapasalei, 

Melur 

Passumalei, 

Periakulam, 

Pulney,  

Sivagunga, 

Tirumangalam, 

Tirupuvanam, 

Usalampatti, 

Total... 

PASUMALEI  SEMINARY.  GIRLS’  BOARDING  SCHOOL. 


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