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City Document. — No. 12.
REPORT f&&7!*
COCHITUATE WATER BOARD,
TO THE
CITY COUNCIL OF BOSTON,
FOR THE YEAR 1856.
BOSTON:
GEO. C. RAND & AVERY, CITY PRINTERS,
No. 3, CORNHILL.
1857.
REPORT.
Office of Cochituate Water Board,
January 15, 1857.
Agreeably to the provisions of the City Ordinance,
the Cochituate Water Board beg leave to make their
Annual Report to the City Council ; together with the
Reports of the City Engineer, the Water Registrar, and
the Clerk of this Board. To these very full and de-
tailed Reports, the Board would refer for much informa-
tion in relation to the state of the works and of the
water, and of operations and doings in regard to the
same, during the last year.
The Board are happy in being able to state that all
the works are in a satisfactory condition.
Ever since the Water Board was originally organized,
there has been entertained a desire to dispose of all the
property owned by the City and connected with the
Water Works, but not needed for the purposes of use
or security in regard to them. A large amount of land
lying near the Lake and its outlet, and also distributed
along the line of the conduit, having served all the pur-
poses for which their several portions were purchased,
4 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 12. [Jan.
has been generally unproductive, while the taxes upon
them and their fencing have been, of course, a burden
without any equivalent. And so of the mill privileges
owned by the city below the outlet ; they have produced
little, if any thing, to the city, above the taxes and
repairs.
Former Boards having failed to carry their often ex-
pressed intentions into effect, the present Board took the
matter seriously in hand. They had surveys made of
the different parcels that could be disposed of without
detriment to the works, (always reserving ample means
and rights for the use of the City); and during the
season, at private sale, and at two different public sales,
they disposed of lots embracing 145 acres, at prices va-
rying from $19 to $550 per acre — making a total
amount of $13,632.12.. The result of this .effort was
highly satisfactory to the Board. There still remains
a considerable amount unsold, embracing the upper
mill privilege, which should and probably will engage
the early attention of the next Board.
Among the parcels sold were those heretofore used
for tlowage, and constituting what was called the lower
privilege. The dam, by which this privilege was formed,
was the causeway constituting a public road or highway.
At very high water, breaches had been made over this
highway, by the current, and accidents more or less
serious had occurred — one at least which, on trial, re-
sulted in a judgment against the Town of Framingham,
of about $400. This amount the said town called upOn
the City of Boston to pay, but the Board declined to
pay it. At quite high water, the water in the lower
privilege backed upon the wheels at the upper privilege,
1857.] WATER. 5
and thus diminished its value. Considering, therefore,
the possibility of disputes in future with the town of
Frarningham, as to who should keep the causeway in
repair ; and considering the fact that the factory at this
privilege was burnt, and the upjoer privilege would be
enhanced in value by its use being discontinued, the
Board deemed it expedient to abolish this lower privi-
lege, and sell the land for farming purposes, on the con-
dition that no mills should ever be constructed on the
stream passing through or by it. It is believed that
the City realized more money for it on this condi-
tion, than could have been obtained for it as a mill
privilege. Ample rights of flowage over these lands
have been secured to the city, whether the same shall
occur from accident or by design.
In addition to land sold in the neighborhood of the
Lake or works, there has been sold wood to the amount
of near $500, mostly growing on the five rods belong-
ing to the City, bordering upon the water.
Besides these parcels of land near the Lake and line
of aqueduct, the Board have disposed of Boon Pond
and Ram's Horn Meadoiv, in the town of Stow. These
were purchased with the view of forming a compensat-
ing reservoir, auxiliary to the Marlborough reservoir.
But nothing has ever been done with them. They
embraced about 130 acres, nearly or quite half covered
with water. The City's property consisted mainly in
rights of flowage ; there being besides these only a nar-
row margin of woodland that could be regarded as of
much value. It was deemed best, therefore, to dispose
of the whole to Mr. Arnory Maynard, (who owns a fac-
tory below,) for the sum of $1,674. Mr. Maynard can
6 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 12. [Jan.
add value to his mill privilege by exercising these
rights of flowing, but the City could derive no benefit
from them whatever.
Jamaica Pond, and the water works connected there-
with, were purchased of the Boston Aqueduct Com-
pany, in 1851. The reasons for this purchase were :
1st, To be rid of rival water works. 2nd, To quiet
claims already incurred by injury to their pipes, in lay-
ing down our pipes ; and 3rd, To annul the privilege
which that corporation possessed, of breaking up and
injuring the streets, whenever and wherever they saw
fit. The Board feel no hesitancy in expressing the be-
lief that on all these accounts the purchase, at the price
of $45,000, was a very favorable one to the city; and
that a much larger benefit than the interest of that sum
has annually accrued to the city from the purchase.
The object of the original charter of that corpora-
tion was to supply the City of Boston ivith ivater. It was
somewhat loosely drawn ; and it was not clear what
rights or privileges of supplying other places were em-
braced in it, It gave no authority to break up pave-
ments and injure highways, for the purposes of supply,
except in Boston. Of late years there has been grow-
ing up in the Roxbury part of the Tremont road a
somewhat dense population, which has applied for the
use of the water ; and the City of Boston has supplied
it, without, however, attempting to exercise any right
of opening streets, or laying service pipes, except along
the line of the main pipe. This service, however, yield-
ed a gradually increasing income, which in the last year
amounted to $2,624.64, — being near the interest of
the cost of the purchase.
1857.] WATER. 7
Although at the outset it was deemed probable that
an income might be derived from the use of these
works equal to or exceeding the interest on the cost of
their purchase, yet it has been the constant desire of all
the successive Water Boards to sell them, when a favor-
able opportunity should occur. It was always felt that
these works were a kind of excrescence upon the city
system, being disconnected entirely with it. The con-
dition of the works, their state of repair and prospective
durability have not been very well understood ; while
there has been reason to suppose that in certain places,
at least, the pipes had become quite tender.
Besides these reasons for effecting a sale, it was felt
that there might some odium attach, or at least some
ill feeling arise, from the circumstance of one city sup-
plying the inhabitants of another with water, and taxing
them therefor at its own discretion, without their having
a voice or remedy in the matter. There can be no reason
to suppose that the Legislature would grant the city
such privileges, on an original application ; and, there-
fore, it was deemed to be good policy to exercise them
as short a time as practicable, while in possession for
other purposes.
The Board, therefore, voted to advertise for proposals
to purchase these works ; and as a consequence, proposals
were made, which resulted in a sale to George H.
Williams, Esq., of Boxbury, for the sum of $32,000 —
$5,000 cash, (which has been paid ;) the balance in nine
annual payments of $3,000 each, interest annually,
secured by mortgage of the works. Of course, the sale
is conditioned that no water shall be supplied in the
city of Boston from these works.
8 CITY DOCUMENT.— No. 12. [Jan.
It is proper to add, that under a certain contingency
of failing to obtain a legislative act, at the present ses-
sion, which shall confirm certain doings under the
charter and privileges conveyed by it, the purchaser
may, in May next, annul the bargain. But, as even
without that confirmation, the purchase is now, and
prospectively will continue to be, a profitable invest-
ment, there can be no reason to suppose that the pur-
chaser will wish to exercise this right.
Besides these sales, the Board have during this year
leased the Hopkinton Reservoir, for a term of ten years,
at a rental of $1,250 per annum. There are two old fac-
tories attached to the privilege; but they are regarded by
neither party as of any value, — the water being intend-
ed for use as a reservoir, to be drawn off in dry times,
for the benefit of mill owners below, who become joint
lessees of the same. Should the Board have opportu-
nity and inclination to sell, it has the power to annul
the lease at any time, by relinquishing a year's rent.
Though the amount received in the way of rent is small,
considering the cost of this reservoir, it is to be regard-
ed as all gain ; for the city has hitherto derived no
benefit whatever from it.
In regard to leasing the Marlborough Reservoir for
like purposes, a negotiation is now going on. But what
success may attend it cannot now be foretold. All the
property owned by the city in Marlborough and its
vicinity, is now but a bill of expense ; and should the
efforts of the Board fail to lease the reservoir for some
reasonable amount, the question whether it will not
be good policy to sell off the whole at the most it
will bring, will present itself under circumstances
highly favoring an affirmative answer.
1857.] WATER. 9
The unnecessary ivaste of ivater is a topic which has
been pressed upon public notice by this Board, every
year since its organization, with what effect will shortly
be seen. To those who are accustomed to regard the
people of Boston as an orderly and brotherly community,
it cannot but seem strange that a habit prevails, which
not only involves an enormous and useless waste of water,
but also involves the deprivation of this necessary of life
to quite a large number of citizens, who have (in this
respect, at least) the misfortune to dwell in costly houses,
in the elevated portions of the City. This Board has
done its duty, and spared no effort to check this evil.
It is extremely desirable that a wholesome public sen-
timent should be created on this subject, that would
make water-takers ashamed of these wasteful practices.
The consciousness of unnecessarily wasting water would
then suffuse the cheek with a blush scarcely less deep
than accusation of misdemeanor or crime. But, in spite
of all that has been done, and all that has been said,
the evil seems to increase. For it will be seen, by refer-
ence to the Engineer's Report, that the average daily
consumption in 1856, has been 12,048,600 gallons, while
in 1855, it was 10,346,300, — i. e., an increase in con-
sumption of nearly 20 per cent. The number of water-
takers is now 20,806, and, at end of 1855, it was 19,998,
— i. e., an increase of little more than 4 per cent.
Thus, in 1855, (taking the number of inhabitants at
163,000,) the daily average consumption for each in-
dividual was near 63 £ gallons; while, in 1856, (taking
the population at 168,000,) the daily average consump-
tion for each individual has been nearly 72 gallons.
Now all this increase can be nothing hut sheer waste ; (for
2
10 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 12. [Jan.
among the new water-takers there are few great con-
sumers) ; and, of course, the waste of 1856 was equal to
8£ gallons (or 12 £ per cent.) per day, for each individual,
more than it was in 1855.
In this respect let 1855 be compared with 1854. In
1855 the daily average consumption was, as before
stated, 63 1-2 gallons for each individual. In 1854 the
daily average consumption was 9,902,000 ; equal (cal-
ling the number of inhabitants 158,000,) to near 63
gallons to each individual. So that in that year the
increase of Consumption was but a trifle more than
what was indicated by the increase of population.
The subject might be further illustrated by compar-
ing other years embraced in the table. No doubt dif-
ferent ratios of waste would be found to characterize
the consumption of different years. But it is to be
feared that in no year will the waste be found to bear
a less ratio to the consumption, than in the year pre-
ceding it ; while, as has been seen, it has increased dur-
ing the last year 12 1-2 per cent.
The greatly increased consumption of the past season
has put it out of the power of the Board to allow any
considerable playing of the fountains, except occasion-
ally on public days, — thus depriving the citizens of one of
their most valued pleasures. The continued draft upon
the pipes and consequent tendency to reduction of the
water in the reservoirs, has rendered the utmost watch-
fulness and care necessary, on the part of the Sujoerin-
tendent, to turn on and off the water at various points,
so as to keep the water in all the reservoirs at a height
suitable for the convenient supply of the neighborhood
1857.] WATER. 11
and also for an indispensable resource in case of fire *
After effecting these objects properly, there has been
little surplus that could be let on to the public foun-
tains.
A good deal of the waste undoubtedly results from
the improper and imperfect manner in which the dis-
tributing pipes are put into and carried through the
houses. And it has occurred to the Board to suggest
to the City Government, if it has the poiver, the propriety
and utility of exercising more control than it has hith-
erto done over the inserting and arranging the water
fixtures within and upon the premises of the water-
takers. The pipe should enter the house at a place
secure from frost, and should be continued in the most
secure places the premises afford ; and if the premises
do not offer places reasonably secure, they should be
made so by artificial means. No pipe should be carried
in a horizontal direction, but at an angle of less or
greater elevation, so that, by means of a cock in the
cellar, all the upper pipes could be emptied as a pre-
caution against frost. Again, it is believed that persons
are often more nice than wise in putting their pipes
behind the plastering and next to a thin, exposed wall,
where the risk of freezing is very great. If they would
carry their pipes within the plastering, through rear
halls and kitchens, where they would partake of the
* The importanee of keeping a supply in the reservoirs, in case of fire, it is feared,
is not generally fully appreciated. At the recent fire in East Boston, (which has oc-
curred since the date of this Keport,) more than 10,000 barrels of water were drawn
from the reservoir, over and above what was drawn from the pipes constantly con-
veying water outside the reservoir. Had the reservoir been empty, it would seem
as if the damage must have been greatly increased.
12 CITY DOCUMENT. —No. 12. [Jan.
general warmth of the house, the liability to frost
would be greatly diminished if not entirely obviated ;
while paint or whitewash might be made to disguise
them so that they would attract little or no notice. If
arranged in this manner they would be always acces-
sible when repairing should be necessary.
But, to attain these objects, some person of judgment
and skill should be consulted at the outset, and have
power to direct and distribute the water fixtures in the
best possible manner. Would it not, then, be well to
consider the right and power of the City in the matter,
and, if practicable, by ordinance or otherwise, to re-
quire that in all new buildings, or insertion into old
ones, the arrangement of the pipes should be superin-
tended or directed by some person or persons ap-
pointed or licensed by the City government. It is
believed that we have among us many plumbers and
other mechanics, who, if clothed with power to exercise
their judgment in the matter, would carry and arrange
the pipes through the houses in such a manner as to
secure the works from liability to frost. Further pro-
vision might and should be made, that the water should
not be let on for the first time in any case till a certifi-
cate should be received from some proper person that
the fixtures were arranged in a satisfactory manner.
Should such regulations be made to attach to all new
cases, it is not to be doubted that a great many old
water takers, whose fixtures are imperfect or improperly
arranged, would willingly be at the expense and trouble
of having them overhauled and made to conform to a
safe system or plan. In this way, it is believed, that in
1857.] WATER. 13
a comparatively short period the whole city would be-
come habituated to a much less consumption of water
than now prevails, while the takers would enjoy all the
luxury of a full supply for all domestic purposes.
Unless these suggestions, or others having the same
object, can be wrought out into practical results that
shall effect a substantial diminution in the individual
consumption of water in future, as the population in-
creases, the Board is forced to admit that the necessity
for obtaining additional supply is no longer to be disre-
garded. If the lesson which experience has for years
been teaching and impressing upon us is to be accepted
as the future rule, it is no longer to be winked out of
sight, that the enormous and constantly increasing
yearly consumption is rapidly bringing the City to a
period when the present source and mode of sup-
ply will no longer satisfy the demands of the pop-
ulation.
Considering the intrinsic difficulty of deciding upon
the most judicious method of obtaining and distributing
an additional supply, it appears to be high time that
competent minds should be investigating the subject.
For example, if means can be devised to furnish East
Boston from another source, and in a manner less haz-
ardous and disadvantageous than the present mode,
that would be regarded as the very first step for relief.
But to determine whether this be practicable, investi-
gation must be made, comparisons be instituted, and
finally, details must be wrought out into results ; and
these will require time as well as talent.
In order to aid the Board and the City Council, in
14 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 12. [Jan.
forming opinions upon these matters, the City Engineer
has, in his very clear and able Report, hereto annexed,
collected many pertinent facts and observations, going to
show the capabilities of Lake Cochituate to yield the
additional supply, and has touched upon the additional
works necessary to bring the same to the city, — all of
which are worthy of attention. It appears from this
Report, that during every year, when an account was
kept, since the works have been constructed, there has
been wasted or allowed to pass down the river, from the
Lake, a greater quantity than has been brought to the
city. Experience seems to have established, beyond
doubt, that the capacity of the Lake, as a source of
supply, was very much under-estimated by the early
engineers who computed it ; and that instead of being
capable of supplying ten or eleven millions of gallons
daily, it might be relied on to supply sixteen millions.
And so numerous and obscure are the causes operating
unseen to mislead the judgment, and to render uncer-
tain the data of calculation, that it would be no matter
of surprise if experience should finally show that this
Lake would yield twenty millions daily, by simply rais-
ing the dam.
But when this additional supply is talked of, the
question of the ability of the conduit to bring it to
Brookline, is immediately suggested. The conduit was
intended originally to convey water as a channel, filled
half or two thirds full. But the exigencies of the city
have been such that much of the time it has been run-
ning full, and a part of the time the water has been
pressed through it under a head 1 1-2 and even more
feet, — thus putting it to the use of a pipe, instead of
1857.] WATER. 15
simply a channel* This is putting the works to a very
undesirable strain, and one which, of course, they were
never intended to be subjected to. And should a breach
occur, not only might much damage result, but the
water takers might be subjected to much suffering and
trouble for the want of water, before the breach could
be repaired. It is known how much pressure the con-
duit has sustained without giving way, but it is not
known how much it can sustain without a breach. But
it is certain that if it is to be relied upon to bring an
average of sixteen millions of gallons daily, it must be
subjected to a greater and more constant pressure than
it has been yet. What may be the result, time alone
can make manifest. As a first step towards obtaining
an additional supply, the Board are of opinion that the
clam at the Lake should be raised two or more feet ;
and as it is doubtful whether the city now has author-
ity to do it, the Board recommend that application be
made to the Legislature for such authority.
It will be seen by the Beport of the City Engineer,
that the dam at the outlet has betrayed indications of
weakness during the last season. In consequence, it
has been deemed prudent to support it by constructing
* Since the date of this Eeport, during one week of our coldest weather, the fol-
lowing quantities have been forced through the conduit, under the annexed head of
water, in feet and tenths.
1857. January 20th, 16,576,000 gallons, 1.66 feet head.
a
21st, 17,203,000
ii
1.79 "
it
a
ti
u
ii
~22d, 16,765,000
23d, 16,765,000
24th, 16,765,000
25th, 16,763,000
26th, 16,961,000
u
u
ii
ii
1.70 "
1.70 "
1.70 "
1.70 "
1.74 "
ii
u
11
11
The circumstance that
the earth covering
the
conduit was
frozen, undoubtedly
gave additional security to the works.
16 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 12. [Jan.
a new dam, 460 feet below the present one. This will
back the water upon the present dam 6 feet or more,
so that it will not be subject to pressure of more than
4 feet, and ordinarily not so much ; while the new dam
will be sustained by the dam at the upper privilege in
such manner that it will be relieved from any danger-
ous pressure. This system of supporting succesive dams
by back water, is deemed to be safer than to attempt to
construct a single impregnable dam. The soil is so
loose, and the water, under high pressure, percolates so
freely through the neighboring soil, that the difficulty
and expense of a structure that should be perfectly
reliable, especially if the pond should be raised, would
be very great.
The work of constructing the new dam, was com-
menced too late in the season to allow of its completion
this year. Its foundation, however, was laid, and it has
been put in a condition to serve a temporary purpose
until it can be completed in the spring. Most of the
materials are on the spot, and paid for. The whole
expense, it is expected, will be something less than
$8,000.
Since the last Annual Report, the sense of the
citizens has been taken in regard the annexation of
Chelsea to the city. The result was a decisive major-
ity against such annexation. So far as the distribution
of Cochituate water is concerned, that decision must be
regarded as eminently wise. As in all applications for
annexation to the city, a leading reason for the measure
will always be a participation in the use of Cochituate
water ; so it must continue to be the part of wisdom on
the part of the citizens to reject such applications, so long
1857.] WATER. 17
as the proposed extension will endanger the sufficiency
of their own supply. Certainly the benefits arising to
the city from any annexation of foreign territory, ought
to be very obvious and to be very great, before the cit-
izens would be justified in sharing with others that sup-
ply which has cost them so much, and which experience
admonishes them may soon be too scanty for them-
selves.
By great watchfulness and care in the management
of the stop-cocks, a sufficient supply for ordinary
demand has been kept in the various city reservoirs
during the year. But during the very severe weather
of December 18th, and a few clays following, the reser-
voir on Beacon Hill was entirely exhausted ; and many
takers residing upon the high parts of the city, were
entirely destitute of water. During twenty-four hours,
the enormous sum of 17,894,000 gallons was used and
wasted ; and if such consumption should continue for
any number of days, much suffering would inevitably
result.
It may be well here to remark, that the attention of
the Board has been called during the year to several
kinds of newly' invented meters. A good, simple and
cheap meter is a great desideratum ; and if one could be
found that should be reliable, and come at a reasonable
price, (twelve or fifteen dollars, or even cheaper,) it
would undoubtedly be good policy to introduce their
use to a certain extent. The Board is happy to say,
that a model has been exhibited, which promises great
advantages over any hitherto in use ; and if it shall
appear on further trial that its promises are fulfilled, it
will no doubt be well to procure a quantity for use.
3
18 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 12. [Jan.
There has been no complaint made clnring the last
year, of the quality of the ivater.
The quantity at the Lake has been more than usually
abundant. A good portion of the time there has been
9 feet of water above the flume. Though there does
not appear, from the annexed table, to have fallen more
than an average quantity of rain during the year, (40
inches,) yet the heavy rains falling in mid-summer, have
served to keep the water unusually high during the
period when it is usually quite low.
The extension of the ivories has been continued through
the season, on the principle which former Boards adopt-
ed, of laying pipes wherever the income would cover
the interest upon the cost. Of 12-inch pipe there has
been laid during the year 2663 feet, against 2051 feet
in 1855. Of 6-inch, 9789 feet, against 10,384 feet in
1855. Of 4-inch, 1871 feet, against 1396 feet in 1855.
In all, 14,323 feet in 1856, against 13,829 in 1855.
The whole length of pipes of 4 inches and upwards, is
now a little over 116 miles.
The number of new Stop-cocks is 21 — making the
whole number 1001.
The number of Service Pipes laid during the year has
been 832, the whole length of which is 29,754 feet —
making the whole number 19,629.
New Hydrants to the number of 30 have been added
this year, making the whole number 1282.
By far the heaviest job of Repairs (if this can be so
called) undertaken during the year, was the raising of
the pipe in Tremont road. Since the pipe was originally
laid, the street has been raised, (twice or more.) And
1857.] WATER. 19
as buildings are now being erected along a large portion
of the road, frequent calls for water were made. The
supply of these demands was found to be both difficult
and dangerous ; and it was deemed best to meet the
difficulty at once by raising the pipe. 1852 feet of 12-
inch, and 844 feet of 6-inch, (making more than half a
mile of both) have been raised.
The leak in East Boston Reservoir, which has always
been troublesome, has not yet been repaired. But lia-
bility to damages resulting from leakage upon the lands
abutting upon it, it is believed, has been obviated for
the present, by the construction of a trench filled with
stones, between the reservoir and said lands. There -
does not appear to be any urgent call for further repairs
at present; but the time cannot be far distant when a
very considerable outlay must be there made.
The Annual Report of the Water Registrar contains, as
required by the ordinance, " a statement of the num-
ber of water takers, the number of cases where the
water has been cut off, the number and amount of
abatements, and the expenditures of his department."
The list of water takers has been arranged, as usual,
into different classes, and the amount of water rate paid
by each class given, the water rate being, as usual, paid
to the clerk of the Treasurer, in the office of the Water
Registrar.
The whole amount received for water rents during the
year, has been $282,651.84, i. e., $2,651.84 more than
was estimated at the beginning of the year. The esti-
mate for 1857, is $295,000.
The number of water takers is now 20,806 ; being an
increase of 808 over 1855.
20
CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 12.
[Jan.
The usual condensed classification of the various water
tenants has been prepared, and a statement of the
amount of water rate paid by each class ; the whole,
being collated with similar tables for the preceding
year, is here inserted.
1855.
14,483
15,260
3,263
3,515
340
426
551
648
7
8
3
3
31
30
728
720
1
1
81
1856.
Dwelling Houses, ,
Stores, Shops, Offices, Cellars, &c. . ,
Hotels, Restaurants, and Saloons, . . ,
Stables,
Railroads,
Ferry Companies, ,
Steamboats, ." ,
Hose,
Motive Power, ,
Sugar Refineries, Distilleries, Brew
eries, and Bakeries, ,
Gas Companies,
Other Manufacturing Purposes,
City Buildings and other City uses,
Public Buildings, Charitable Institu
tions, &c,
Shipping Contract with Waterman,
Street Waterers, (in Roxbury, 1856,)
Building Purposes,
Other Purposes, ,
$157,318 88
23,587 00
10,895 63
7,578 75
7,523 40
2,608 28
4,370 01
2,205 00
800 00
11,237 20
$169,129 69
26,542 93
11,065 53
8,297 10
8,681 68
2,712 16
4,865 71
2,192 00
516 23
10,202 25
655 52
621 22
18,272 51
22,857 68
4,011 50
3,777 72
1,834 40
1,989 95
4,223 78
4,387 30
973 72
100 00
735 05
1,085 05
920 17
1,010 24
$259,750 80
$280,034 44
A statement of receipts and expenditures, the last year,
by the Clerk of the Water Board, or Service Clerk, is
hereto annexed. The whole amount of expenditure
1857.] WATER. 21
has been $81,429.35. Of this, $52,588.21 was for
Extension of the Works; leaving $28,841.14, as the
amount of the expenses of this department. This is in
excess of the expenses of 1855, $1,528.56, — just about
the amount paid for surveying and selling the lands
about the Lake and along the aqueduct.
As this item covers all the expenses of repairs, and
the salaries of those having charge of the works, &c, it
must be expected to increase. The works are continu-
ally being extended, and the older they grow of course
they become more liable to breaks and leakage ; and
from the nature of the case, more expense must be
annually required to keep them in order.
For the purposes of engineering, in relation to a sep-
arate supply of East Boston, and also in relation to the
damages that will result by raising the dam ' at the
Lake, it is recommended that provision be made in the
annual Appropriation Bill.
All which is respectfully submitted.
JOHN H. WILKINS,
SAM'L HATCH,
TISDALE DRAKE,
JONATHAN PRESTON,
CHARLES STODDARD,
THOMAS P. RICH,
JOHN T. DINGLEY.
NOTE.
London is regarded as being exceedingly well supplied
with water. The ten Water Companies supplied recently
(probably in 1856), 81,025,822 gallons to 328,561 houses.
Taking the individuals in each house at six, and the supply is
41 gallons to each individual using the water. But if the con-
sumption be averaged upon the whole ■population, (say 2,400,-
000) the individual consumption is little less than 33 gallons.
The gallons used are probably imperial gallons, which are
larger than our wine gallons.
1857.] WATER. 23
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES.
Statement op Expenditures made by the Cochituate
Water Board, from December 31st; 1855, to January
1st, 1857.
Beacon Hill Reservoir, for labor, &c, $462 79
South Boston " " "
East Boston " " "
Brookline " " "
Marlborough " " ".
Laying Main Pipe, for stock, &c, -
Main Pipe, -----
Service Pipe, - - - -
Stable, for a horse, wagon, hay,
grain, &c, ... -
Hydrants, -----
Stop-cocks,
Backsmith Shop, for stock, &c,
Plumbing Shop, " "
Proving Yard, " " in
repair shop, - - - - 107 75
Pipe Yard, altering Counting Room,
&c, ----- 180 92
Aqueduct Repairs, for labor, &c, - 1,148 32
Lake, on account of new dam at the
outlet, labor, &c, - - - 6,732 04
256
92
365
61
782
12
3
75
1,458
88
17,182
22
10,846
61
897
24
577
71
688
04
345
51
82
72
Amount carried forward, $42,119 15
21
CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 12.
[Jan.
Amount brought forward,
Jamaica Pond Aqueduct, labor, &c,
Hydrant and Stop-cock Boxes,
Salaries, -
Travelling Expenses,
Office Expenses, rent, fixtures, &c,
Taxes, ------
Miscellaneous Expenses, surveying
and selling land, &c,
Toils and Ferriage,
Fountains, -
Hose, for blowing off hydrants, &c,
Carting, -----
Postage and Express, -
Tools, - .
Stationery, -----
Eents,
Land and Water Eights,
Off and On Water, - . -
Damage, caused by laying the pipes
through drains, &c,
Oil, - - - - -
Printing,
Proving Press, ....
Repairing Main Pipe, -
" Service Pipe,
" Streets,
" Hydrants,
" Stop-cocks, -
" Meters,
Wages, Proving Yard, -
" Plumbing Shop,
" Blacksmith Shop,
" Laying Main Pipe, -
Amount carried forward,
42,119
15
273
88
792
01
7,015
20
159
73
1,950
81
628
25
1,664
56
288
25
101
13
287 45
557
01
11
62
297
27
202
20
43
10
175
00
2,817
08
623
68
89
90
280
14
72
64
772
05
1,833
28
1,214
08
1,577
87
188
77
287
62
3,423
77
680
29
778
71
6,223
93
$77,430 43
1857..] WATER. 25
Amount brought forward, $77,4-30 43
Wages, Laying Service Pipe, - 3,940 05
" Miscellaneous, - - - 58 87
$81,429 35
Cash paid the City Treasurer.
Amount paid by the former Clerk, - $965 43
For Grass, at sundry places, - 186 00
Wood, 108 00
Land, 3,431 90
Labor and Material, - - 238 26
One Horse, - - - ■ 150 00
Posts and Rails, - - - 108 70
Shutting off and on Water, - 2,001 75
Service Pipe and Laying, - 650 39 7,840 43
Balance, $73,588 92
Amount of Expenditures, 81,429 35
Extension of the Wokk.
Main Pipe, $17,182 22
Service Pipe, .... 10,843 61
Laying Main Pipe, - - - 1,458 88
Wages, Laying Main Pipe, - - 6,223 93
" " Service Pipe, - 3,940 05
" Proving Yard, - - - 3,423 77
Lake, on account of new Dam, - 6,116 80
Stop-cocks, ..... 688 04
Hydrant and Stop-cock Boxes, - 396 01
Hydrants, - - - - - 577 71
Tools, - - - - - - 297 27
Land and Water Rights, - - 175 00
Blacksmith Shop, Labor, &c, - 403 75
Amounts carried forward, $51,730 04 $81,429 35
4
26 CITY DOCUMENT.— No. 12. [Jan.
Amounts brought forward, $51,730 04 $81,429 35
Plumbing Shop, Labor, &c, - - 398 17
Carting, — carting pipes, &c, - 460 00 52,588 21
Amount of Annual Expense, $28,841 14
(Including the expense of the Water Registrar's office.)
Statement of the Expenditures and Receipts, on account of the
Water Works, to Jan. 1st, 1857.
Amount dr
awn
by
the C(
Dmmissioners, -
- $4,043,718 21
a
it
a
Water Board,
1850,
366,163 89
it
('.
a
a
a
1851,
141,309 23
a
a
a
a
a
1852,
89,654 20
a
it
a
a
it
1853,
89,854 03
it
a
a
a
it
1854,
80,182 35
a
a
u
a
n
1855,
63,866 33
a
a
a
a
a
1856,
81,429 35
$4,956,177 59
Amount paid to the City Treasurer
by the Commissioners, . - $47,648 38
Amount paid to the City Treasurer
by the Water Board, 1850, - 8,153 52
Amount paid to the City Treasurer
by the Water Board, 1851, - 5,232 38
Amount paid to the City Treasurer
by the Water Board, 1852, - 15,869 12
Amount paid to the City Treasurer
by the Water Board, 1853, - 4,621 40
Amount paid to the City Treasurer
by the Water Board, 1854, - 12,423 29
Amounts carried forward, $93,948 09 $4,956,177 59
1857.] WATER. 27
Amounts brought forward, $93,948 09 $4,956,177 59
Amount paid to the City Treasurer
by the Water Board, 1855, - 9,990 38
Amount paid to the City Treasurer
by the Water Board, 1856, - 7,840 43 111,778 90
$4,844,398 69
Sundry payments by the City, - $46,860 44
Discount and interest on loans, 2,368,838 99 2,415,699 43
$7,260,098 12
Sundry credits by the City, - $7,240 45
Amount ree'd for Water Rates, 1,473,617 92 1,480,858 37
Amount due, January 1st, 1857, $5,779,239 75
SAMUEL N. DYER,
Cleric Cochituate Water Board.
APPENDIX.
CITY ENGINEER'S REPORT.
Boston, January 5, 1857.
Hon. John H. Wilkins,
President of the Cochituate Water Board.
Sir : — The usual Annual Report of matters pertaining to
the Water Works is herewith submitted.
■ Lake Cochituate. Purity of the Water.
During the entire year of 1856, the water in the Lake has
been quite as pure as at any time since its introduction into
the City. There has, also, been an abundant supply of water
in it throughout the year.
On the 28th of January, holes were cut through the ice in
different parts of the Lake, and water was drawn from a
depth of sixty feet, and from various lesser depths. There
was no perceptible difference to the taste, in the water, but
it all appeared pure and sweet.
During the entire season the water has been allowed to
flow freely over the meadows connected with the Lake, and
with Snake Brook ; and it has, at all times, been perfectly
good.
June 20th, the outlet of Dug Pond was opened, and kept
1
2 APPENDIX.
so until it had drawn the pond down two feet. The water
was not needed for use, but it was thought best to keep up
the circulation. This pond is invariably filled up in the
winter.
New Dam.
The dam originally built at the outlet of the Lake, is un-
derlaid by a bed of quicksand. Whenever the Lake was
full, or nearly so, a great many springs boiled up through it
outside of the dam ; some of them within thirty or forty feet
of it, others at distances of one and two hundred feet from
it. The amount of water thus lost from the Lake, has not,
to the present time, been a matter of any moment, because,
without it, the supply of water has been ample ; the time will
soon come, however, when it will all be wanted. The
springs, or a part of them, were constantly bringing out
small quantities of sand, and to such an extent, that it was
considered unsafe to keep the Lake full, unless back water
could be kept on the dam. This has, accordingly, been done,
during the greater part of the year. At one time, a very
considerable leak occurred through the dam, about six feet
below high water mark in the Lake. It was, with consider-
able difficulty, stopped, and it became necessary to draw
down the water from this part of the Lake to save the dam.
The means of keeping up back water consisted in part of a
very small temporary wooden dam, on the outlet stream,
below the main dam, which had been used as an over-fall, for
the measurement of the quantity of water wasted and leaking
from the Lake.
Still lower down the stream, the dam of the upper mill
privilege backed the water up to the small dam. These
dams having both become very much out of repair, they were
in danger of breaking away at any moment; consequently
they required close watching, in order that if either of them
broke away, immediate measures might be taken to reduce
the level of the water in the Lake.
APPENDIX. 6
The dam at the mill was particularly examined with refer-
ence to its being repaired for the purpose of keeping water
backed up to the main dam. Several other sites for new
dams were examined; and it was finally concluded, by your
Board, to commence the construction of a new dam near the
present one. A point was chosen, at a distance of 460 feet
outside of the present dam, because the soundings showed
that the bottom was composed principally of gravel, whilst
all other points nearer the Lake gave positive assurance of
quicksand. Its construction was commenced on the twen-
tieth day of October. A row of piling, eight inches thick,
has been driven to depths of from fifteen to twenty feet in
the gravel. They were tongued and grooved, each pile being
ringed, and great care was taken to keep the joints close.
The dam is to have an over-fall of eighteen feet in length,
divided into three parts, by walls of heavy masonry, the over-
fall of the dam being two feet below high water mark in the
Lake. Stop-planks are to be inserted in the dam, from bot-
tom to top, so that, in case of need, the Lake may be drawn
down as low as by the present dam. When finished its over-
fall will afford a ready means of measuring the surplus water
hereafter. It is important, in view of the large increase in
its use in the City, to know as accurately as possible the full
amount which the Lake will afford, and it will be advisable
to have constant measurements made.
Consumption of Water in the City.
Three days in the last week of July, the consumption of
water exceeded 19,000,000 gallons per clay; the average of
the last eight days in July, was 17,550,000 gallons per day,
the mercury in the shade at noon ranging from 86 to 94
degrees, whilst in the previous portion of the month, with
comparatively comfortable weather, the average daily con-
sumption was but 11,640,000 gallons.
In the month of December, the average daily consumption
4 APPENDIX.
in moderate weather, was 12,500,000 gallons ; whilst on the
18th, 15,287,000, and on the 19th, 17,894,000 gallons were
used, the mercury on these two last clays having fallen eight
degrees below zero.
On the days of the greatest consumption, the residents on
the higher parts of Beacon Hill and East Boston were en-
tirely deprived of water.
The increase of houses and buildings is almost entirely on
the low grounds of the city, and this is constantly drawing
more and more water from the higher parts of the city.
New Main from BrooJcline to the City.
As there does not appear to be any very effectual method
of abating the waste of water in the City, it is best that the
subject of laying another large main, from the Brookline
Reservoir to the City, should receive your earliest attention.
Should it be determined at once to lay it, so much time would
be required in getting the pipes cast, and all the necessary
labor of proving, trenching, and laying them, that it is
scarcely possible that they could be ready for use before
there would be actual suffering for the want of the water, in
extreme hot, as well as in extreme cold weather, in East
Boston, at least. Additional pipes may be laid in East
Boston, which will, to some extent, relieve the low grounds
there ; but even then there will be quite as much necessity
for the new pipes by the time they can be laid. The streets
in Brookline, through which they would most likely be laid,
are already occupied with the two lines now in use, and they
are laid in a trench, which is much of the way through rock,
which required blasting. In laying other pipes in the rock,
by the side of the present ones, great care would be required,
and it is not likely that blasting could be resorted to, because
of the great probability, not to say certainty, of breaking the
pipes now laid. For these reasons it would take much more
APPENDIX. 0
time to lay another line of pipes than was originally re-
quired to lay both of the present lines, which are in one
trench. The Gate House in Brookline, when built, was ex-
pressly prepared to receive the third pipe, and, therefore,
very little expense would be required there to receive it.
Some surveys and estimates would be necessary before
determining the best route, as well as the most suitable size
to be laid, and its cost.
Lake Cocliituate. — Its Capabilities of Supply.
Before determining what amount of expense should be
incurred in laying new mains from Brookline Reservoir to
the City, it is important to know the amount of supply
afforded by Lake Cochituate. By knowing the amount used
in the City in any one year, and also the amount wasted and
lost by leakage from the Lake, we know its capability of
supply for that year. If, for the same year, we know that
the total annual fall of water, in the form of rain and snow,
is just about the average annual amount for a series of years,
we may rely upon it as the amount which we may derive
from the Lake, provided we give it sufficient storage room.
Loammi Baldwin, Esq., in 1834, made a gauge of this Lake,
from which he obtained 16,156,800 gallons, as its flow in
twenty-four hours.
By the observations and computations made by the Com-
missioners of 1837 and 1838, they concluded that the flow
from the Lake was at the rate of 15£ cubic feet per second,
equal to 9,909,500 gallons per day, from July 27th, 1837, to
July 27th, 1838. (See City Document, No. 33, of 1838, p. 7.)
This, with one exception, was a year of greater drought
than any other for the preceding twenty years, according to
the observations made by Dr. Hale, in Boston ; the total rain
fall for 1837, being only 29.98 inches. From November,
1837, to November, 1838, the discharge from the Lake was
21.82 feet per second, equal to 14,101,600 gallons per day.
b APPENDIX.
The Commissioners of 1845, pp. 59 to 67, instituted a
series of experiments, from July 30th to Nov. 1st, in that year
— a period of three months — to determine the capabilities
of supply of the Lake. By their observations, and com-
parisons with previous gaugings, they estimated that the
daily average which the Lake would afford, was equal to
10,176,570 gallons per day. This estimate was made on the
basis that the area of drainage into the Lake, 11,400 acres,
equal to 496,584,000 square feet, would afford 4-10 of the
30 inches (29.98) of rain fall in the year of great drought,
1837. This, it will be observed, was given by them as an
estimate of the least quantity to be obtained from the Lake.
All the observations which have since been made show a
much larger amount of rain fall in each year than that of
1837, and, as a natural consequence, a much larger amount oF
water has been afforded by the Lake.
In the year 1850, water was wasted from the outlet dam
at the Lake, from April 12th to the end of the year, but no
estimate seems to have been made of the quantity thus
wasted. The greatest quantity used in that year was in
July, when the average daily amount was 8,514,200 gallons.
The least amount used was in October, equal to 4,504,300
gallons daily, whilst the average for the whole year was but
5,837,900 gallons daily.
In 1851, the greatest average amount used was 7,925,000
gallons, in the month of June. The least was 5,365,200 gal-
lons, in April. The daily average for the whole year was
6,883,800 gallons. During the year water was wasted from
the Lake, from January 1st to July 1st, equal to 182 days in
succession. The total amount lost was estimated to be
equal to 4,892,472,480 gallons, equal to 13,404,034 gallons
for each day of the entire year. This, added to the amount
used, shows the Lake to have been capable of affording a
daily average of 20,287,834 gallons, for the entire year, had
provision been made for its storage. The rain gauge was
kept for only a few months at the Lake in this year.
APPENDIX. 7
In 1852, the greatest average amount used was 9,608,000
gallons, in the month of July. The least was 6,637,900 gal-
lons, in November. The daily average for the whole year
was 8,,125,800 gallons. During the year water was wasted
from the Lake, from January 1st to May 24th, equal to 144
days in succession. The total amount lost was estimated to
be equal to 4,020,566,885 gallons, equal to 11,015,251 gal-
lons for each day of the entire year. This, added to the
amount used, shows the Lake to have been capable of afford-
ing a daily average of 19,141,051 gallons for the entire year,
had it been stored.
The rain gauge kept at the Lake shows a total fall of
47.93 inches in the year. Taking the proportion of the rain
fall (4-10) as used by the Commissioners of 1845, and we
should have had a daily average supply, for this year, of
16,258,766 gallons; but we have an excess over this of
2,882,285 gallons per day.
In 1853, the greatest average amount used was 9,228,400
gallons, in December. The least was 7,903,600 gallons, in
April. The daily average for the whole year was 8,542,300
gallons. During the year water was wasted from the Lake,
from Junuary 26th to June 18th, and at various other times
throughout the year ; in all, 194 days. The total amount lost
was estimated to be equal to 3,166,417,500 gallons, equal to
8,675,117 gallons for each day of the entire year. This,
added to the amount used, shows the Lake to have been
capable of affording a daily average of 17,217,417 gallons for
the entire year, had it been stored.
The rain gauge kept at the Lake shows a total fall of
55.86 inches in the year. Taking the proportion of the rain
fall, (4-10) as in 1852, and we should have had a daily
average supply, in that year, of 18,945,381 gallons. The
measurements and estimates of quantities used and wasted
being 17,217,417 gallons, show an average of 1,727,964 gal-
lons, les3 than 4-10 of the entire rain fall. This is accounted
APPENDIX.
for by the fact that heavy storms occurred in November and
December, and large quantities were stored and kept over
until 1854, in which year there was an excess of water used
and wasted over the amount stored.
In 1854, the greatest average amount used was 11,745,200
gallons, in June. The least was 8,030,200 gallons, in Novem-
ber. The daily average for the whole year was 9,902,000
gallons. During the year water was wasted from the Lake,
from January 1st to May 30th, constantly, and for some days
in June; in all 154 days. The total amount lost was
estimated to be equal to 4,187,733,020 gallons, equal to
11,473,241 gallons for each day of the entire year. This,
added to the amount used, shows the Lake to have been
capable of affording a daily average of 21,375,241 gallons
for the entire year, had it been stored.
The rain gauge kept at the Lake shows a total fall of
43.15 inches in the year. Taking the proportion of the rain
fall, (4-10) as before, and we should have had a daily aver-
age supply, in that year, of 14,637,300 gallons; but we have
an excess over this of 6,737,941 gallons per day. The excess
of water this year was owing to the fact that much of the
rain which fell in 1853, was wasted in large quantities early
in this year, it having been stored over from 1853.
In 1855, the greatest average amount used was 11,710,800
gallons, in the month of September. The least was 8,540,000
gallons, in April. The daily average for the whole year was
10,346,300 gallons. Water was wasted from the Lake, from
January 15th to March 5th, and at various other times ; in all,
76 days during the year.
The rain gauge kept at the Lake shows the total fall to
have been only 34.96 inches during the entire year.
There does not appear to have been any account kept of
the amount wasted from the Lake during the year, owing, no
doubt, to the fact that the temporary dam at which the gauge
was kept, had become so out of repair as to be unreliable.
APPENDIX. 9
In 1856, the greatest average amount used was 13,284,007
gallons, in December. The least was 10,377,865 gallons, in
May. The daily average for the whole year was 12,048,964
gallons. During the year water has been wasted from the
Lake, in various months ; in all, 69 clays.
The rain gauge kept at the Lake shows the total fall to
have been 40.8 inches during the entire year.
No account of the waste from the Lake has been kept,
because the temporary dam before spoken of had become
useless for this purpose, and because the arrangement of the
outlet dam, as originally constructed, did not permit of
measurements being kept with any degree of accuracy at it.
The new dam, when finished, with its wide over fall, will
obviate this difficulty.
From the above observations and measurements, it would
seem that there could be no doubt that Lake Cochituate
could be made to furnish an average daily supply of 16,000,000
gallons, or even a greater amount, by storing all its waters,
one year with another. The precise amount of expense
necessary to accomplish this, can only be determined by sur-
veys to be made hereafter. The amount of supply which
may be added to it, by taking other ponds and streams, is
also a matter for determination hereafter.
The Conduit.
On the 4th of February a portion of the embankment, over
the conduit, near Morse's Pond, was washed off by the pres-
sure of the water through an old crack in the conduit. It
was temporarily repaired at the time, and in April it was
thoroughly repaired.
In July, about four hundred feet in length, of the bottom
of the conduit in Newton Centre, was repaired, and is now in
good condition.
During the coming season it will be necessary to repair
about fifty feet in length, near Webber's barn, in the third
2
10 APPENDIX.
section; about three hundred feet, near Knowles's road, in
the same section; and about two hundred feet in length, near
Morse's pond, in the first section.
Several examinations of the conduit were made during the
season. No new cracks were discovered. It was thoroughly
cleansed in July, between Charles River and Brookline
Reservoir.
The form of the conduit is, as is well known, an egg-shaped
oval, with a clear height of 6 feet 4 inches, and greatest
width 5 feet, the largest end being down. The original esti-
mates of its flow, as made by Robison's formulas, corrected by
observations on the flow of the Croton Aqueduct, gave, for a
depth of 3 feet 10 inches, 8,305,000 wine gallons in twenty-
four hours ; and for a depth of 4 feet 4 inches, a flow of
9,430,000 gallons in twenty-four hours. It will be observed
that the greatest depth then calculated for the water in it,
left two feet of clear space in the conduit, above the water.
From all previous experience, it was judged that it would be
unsafe to fill it any nearer full, and it, therefore, in its esti-
mated flow, partook of the nature of a canal, covered over
only for the purpose of keeping impure matters from the
water, in its course to the City. The conduit was built with
American hydraulic cement. It has been repaired in the
quicksands, and some other portions, by the use of Portland
(English) cement, and is now, in such places, quite as strong
as in any other part of it.
Instead of having water flowing in it, at a depth of only 4
feet 4 inches, it has been filled entirely full, and it has had a
head on it, at times, above its top, of over two feet, thus
making it in effect a pipe.
When the repairs are made, which are suggested above,
with some additions to the thickness of some parts of the
embankments, there can be no doubt that it can, with perfect
safety, have such a head put on it as will cause it to deliver
20,000,000 gallons daily, in Brookline Reservoir.
APPENDIX. 1 1
Charles River Pipes.
The pipe chambers at Charles River were designed for
three pipes. Two only have as yet been laid. These two have
sufficed thus far; when the third is laid, with the additional
head on the conduit, it is clear that we shall have an increase
of more than fifty per cent, over the delivery of the present
ones. If the incrustations still continue, they may be readily
cleansed, and restored to their original capacities at slight
expense.
Meters.
The two large meters have been removed during the past
fall, from the Brookline Gate House. They were found not
to answer the purpose for which they were designed. There
is a small leak in the Gate House, which may be repaired in
the spring, now that the meters are out of the way.
Structures.
There are some signs of settlement in the apron way of
the small Gate House, at the end of the conduit, at Brookline
Reservoir. With this exception, and the leak in the Gate
House, all the structures on the line of the works are in good
order.
Raising Pipes on Tremont Street.
When the pipes were first laid in the City, Tremont street,
south of Dover street, was at a very low grade, and all the
pipes laid there, at that time, were laid at the usual depth
below the surface. Since then the grade has been raised
several feet, and all the pipes laid there since, have been laid
at the usual depth below the new surface. Many houses
have been built, within the past year or two, on the street ;
and, it appearing probable that it would very soon be all
built upon, it became a matter of importance to raise that
12 • APPENDIX.
portion of the 12-iiich pipe which was at the lowest grade.
In doing this it became also necessary to raise those 6-inch
pipes branching from it to the side streets. All the 12-inch
and part of the 6-inch pipes were at a depth, generally, of
twelve feet below the surface. Whenever a service-pipe was
laid, great trouble was experienced by caving in, endan-
gering the lives of the workmen, as well as being extremely
expensive. It was, therefore, determined by your Board to
raise the pipes, and 1,851 feet of 12-inch, and 844 feet of
6-inch pipes have been raised.
APPENDIX.
13
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14
APPENDIX.
Loss of Head from BrooJcline Reservoir to Beacon Hill and
East Boston Reservoirs.
The effect of increased consumption of water in the City
may be seen by reference to the table in this and previous
reports of average annual heights of water in the Reservoirs.
A synopsis is given in the following table.
Heights of Water above Marsh Level in
Loss of Head
from
Bookline
to
Beacon Hill
Reservoir.
Loss of Head
from
Brookline
to
East Boston
Reservoir.
Yeab.
Brookline
Reservoir.
Beacon Hill
Reservoir.
East Boston
Reservoir.
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
123.16
123.36
123.67
122.86
123.65
123.82
123.66
119.04
119.39
116.60
114.89
115.69
117.79
116.15
105.06
104.07
104.91
99.84
97.49
94.11
4.12
3.97
7.07
7.97
7.96
6.03
7.51
18.30
19.60
17.95
23.81
26.33
29.55
Extreme high water in Brookline Reservoir is 124.6 feet,
and it will be seen that Brookline Reservoir has averaged,
during the last three years, within one foot of high water
mark in it ; that Beacon Hill Reservoir has averaged very
nearly a uniform depth, in the same time ; whilst the water in
the East Boston Reservoir is constantly decreasing in its
average height.
APPENDIX.
15
To show the effect on the head, occasioned by a few suc-
cessive hot, as well as a few successive cold days, the follow-
ing; table is inserted.
1856
Heights of Water above Marsh Level in
Loss of Head
from
Brookline
Loss of Head
a
from
K_ O
Brookline
Beacon Hill
East Boston
to
Brookline
Date.
5 *
Beacon Hill
to
2 53
Reservoir.
Reservoir.
Reservoir.
Reservoir.
East Boston.
B
July 26,
94°
121.60
111.78
84.43
9.82
37.17
July 28,
91°
123.10
112.86
84.43
10.24
38.67
Dec. 19,
-8°
123.27
Empty.
Water in
Pipe,
Water in
Pipe,
105.36
43.00
17.91
80.27
Note. — For twenty-four hours, December 19, water did
not run over the hill in East Boston. In anticipation of
extreme cold weather water is shut in the East Boston
Reservoir, to be let on the pipes in case of fire.
The distance from Brookline Reservoir to Beacon Hill
Reservoir is nearly 5.1 miles, and from Brookline to East
Boston Reservoir it is over 8£ miles, by the lines of pipes.
1857, January 10th. — During the last few days, with the mercury below zero, Don-
ald McKay, Esq., has been, most of the time, entirely out of water, it rising in the pipes
to about 75 feet above marsh level, showing a loss of head equal to 49 feet.
16
APPENDIX.
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APPENDIX.
Monthly Fall of Rain, in inches, in 1856.
17
MONTH.
January,
February, . . .
March,
April,
May,
June,
July,
August,
September, .
October, ....
November, . .
December, . .
Average,
PLACES AND OBSEKVERS.
■a s
1.44
0.22
0.66
4.27
7.81
1.77
1.76
11.40
3.13
2.34
1.43
4.57
6? «8
- M
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40.80
5.32
0.80
1.33
4.37
7.10
2.90
4.02
11.11
4.90
2.70
3.33
4.28
* S
S a
>.M g
52.16
2.83
1.07
0.90
3.48
5.31
2.09
1.73
12.31
4.79
2.03
2.53
3.42
? g w
O O ^
1-1 h}
42. 49
3.51
1.26
1.37
3.49
5.89
2.18
1.86
12.42
4.78
2.52
2.53
4.16
a -9
45.97
1.30
0.63
3.33
5.17
1.59
4.27
13.97
4.79
2.23
3.09
1.96
42.33
5.30
0.57
0.97
3.44
6.73
2.87
4.24
14.98
4.66
3.24
2.89
3.90
53.79
f-.
5.25
0.80
1.55
2.80
4.10
2.47
4.20
5.75
5.10
1.15
2.00
5.80
40.97
The above table of rain fall has been again kindly fur-
nished by the respective observers. By reference to the
previous part of this Report, it will be seen that the record
of the annual rain fall is important, as furnishing a means of
estimating the supply to be derived from the Lake.
Professor Caswell informs me that the average for the
past 25 years, in Providence, has been 40.30 inches.
3
18
APPENDIX.
Statement of the Location, Size and Number of Feet of
Distributing Pipes, laid in the Year 1856.
In what Streets.
Between what Streets.
o o
eg g
5'
Tremont, -
Tremont,
Waltham,
Tremont,
Milford,
Indiana Place,
Worcester,
Chester, North side,
South,
Groton,
East Chester,
Camden,
Concord,
Lenox,
Parker,
Tremont,
Groton,
Avenue to People's Ferry,
London,
Shaving,
Vernon,
Ashland Avenue, North side, .
Cumston,
Midland,
O
Granite,
Eighth,
First,
Third,
Telegraph,
"White,
Meridian,
Chelsea,
Princeton, . . .
Border,
Prescott,
Meridiau,
Decatur,
Marginal, . . .
Havre,
Chelsea Street,
Border,
BOSTON PROPER.
Hanson and Milford,
Concord and Worcester,
Bradford and Harrison Avenue,
Milford and Groton,
Total 12-inch in Boston Proper,
Shawmut Avenue and Tremont, . . .
Connecting with Tremont,
Shawmut Avenue and Tremont, . . .
Shawmut Avenue and Tremont, . . .
Connecting with Lehigh,
Shawmut Avenue and Tremont, . . .
Connecting at Harrison Avenue, . .
Shawmut Avenue and Tremont, . . .
Washington and Tremont,
Tremont and Shawmut Avenue, . . .
Washington and Harrison Avenue,
Groton and Dover,
Connecting with Tremont,
Total 6-inch in Boston Proper,
East of Commercial,
Connecting with Indiana Place,
Connecting with Federal,
Connecting with Lowell,
Washington and Harrison Avenue,
Concord and Rutland,
Total 4-inch in Boston Proper,
SOUTH BOSTON.
Baldwin and Munroe,
To the North side of Broadway,
Baldwin to Mount Washington Avenue,
K and P
WestofI
I and K
Total 6-inch in South Boston,
Gates and Old Harbor,
Total 4-inch in South Boston,
EAST BOSTON.
Marion and Brooks,
White and Condor,
Porter and Marion,
Total 12-inch in East Boston,
Brooks and Putnam,
Eutaw and White,
Chelsea and Bremen,
Condor and the New Bridge,
East of Bremen,
Orleans and Cottage,
Porter and Marion,
Total 6-inch in East Boston, .
Holden and Gallagher's Shipyard,
Curtis's Shipyard,
12
12
12
12
Total 4-inch in East Boston,
APPENDIX.
19
RE CAPITULATION.
Section.
1856.
Diameter in Inches.
12
6
4
1215
4
1448
1
3727
7
3523
1
2539
2
1337
4
100
434
2
2663
5
9789
10
1871
6
20
APPENDIX.
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APPENDIX.
21
Statement of Service Pipes laid in 1856.
g
Boston Proper.
South Boston.
East Boston.
Total.
s §
5
Number.
Length
in
Feet.
Number.
Length
in
Feet.
Numb'r.
Length
in
Feet.
Numb'r.
Length
in
Feet.
l
3
¥
5
8
16
8
512-
616
269
18,607
2
124
158
4396
1
3
166
96
237
5375
19
11
802
870
506
28,378
AcrOTP.crat
832
29,754
Making the total number up to January 1, 1857, 19,629
During the year, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one
feet of 12-inch pipes, and eight hundred and forty-four feet
of 6-inch pipes, have been taken up, and re-laid, on Tremont
road.
Repairs of Pipes during the Year 1856.
DIAMETER OF PIPES IN INCHES.
Where.
36
30
24
20
16
1
12
9
6
25
4
17
1
2
20
2
2
li
44
1
8
1
3
6
6
12
. 1
130
16
19
165
"o
H
5
3
250
20
37
2
4
6
1
2
3
12
2
27
Totals,
5
3
2
44
9
30V
22
APPENDIX.
Of the leaks that have occurred in pipes of four inches in
diameter and upwards, fifty-nine were caused by the loosening
of lead in the joints, six by the settling of the earth, seven
by frost, and one by a flaw in the stop-cock, one by driving
piles, and one by flaw in the pipe. Total, seventy-five, in pipes
of 4 inches and upwards.
Of the leaks that have occurred in the service pipes, and
two-inch pipes, fifty-seven were caused by settling of the
earth, six by defective stop-cocks, twenty-four by defective
couplings, nine by frost, forty-nine by flaws in pipes, thirty-
one by stiff connections, two by leaks in joints, nine by
settling of boxes, six by tenants, one by rats, one by stop-
cocks blowing out, nine struck by picks, three by driving
piles, three by digging drains, one by rust, one by defective
packing, twenty opened to take out fish. Total, two hundred
and thirty-two in service and two-inch pipes.
Statement of the Number of Leaks, 1850-56.
LEAKS IN PIPES OF A DIAMETER OF
Teak.
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
4 Inches and upwards.
32
....... 64
82
85
74
75
75
Less than 4 Inches.
72
173
241
260
280
219
232
Total.
104
237
323
345
354
294
307
APPENDIX. 23
Hydrants.
During the year fifteen new hydrants were established in
the City proper, eight in South Boston, six in East Boston,
also one in Roxbury. Altogether there have been established
up to the present date
In Boston proper, ------ 871
" South Boston, - - - - - - 224
" East Boston, 163
" Brookline, ..-.-- 1
" Roxbury, ------- 5
" Charlestown, 11
" Chelsea, - - 7
Total, - 1,282
Fifty-five hydrants have been taken out and replaced by
new or repaired ones. One hundred and twenty-seven de-
cayed hydrant boxes were taken out and replaced by others
made of Burnetized lumber, and the same material was used
to cover thirty hydrants that have been established this year.
The hydrants are all in good condition, and have been
packed with salt hay, and every precaution taken to keep
them in a working condition through the cold weather.
Stop-cocks.
All the stop-cocks have been cleansed and oiled the
past season. Twenty-one new boxes have been put in to
cover the stop-cocks put in this year, and forty-nine boxes
have been renewed. The stop-cocks are, with two or three
exceptions, in good order.
24
APPENDIX.
Statement of Pipes and other Stock on hand, exclusive of
Tools, January 1, 1857.
Number of
DIAMETER IN INCHES.
3D
24
20
16
12
li
Jamaica
Aqueduct.
10
Pipes,
Blow-off Branches,
Y Branches,
3-Way Branches, .
4- Way Branches, .
Flange Pipes,
Sleeves,
Clamp Sleeves,
Caps,
Eeducers,
Bevel Hubs,
Curved Pipes,
Quarter Turns,
Double Hubs,
Offset Pipes,
Stop-cocks,
Pieces of Pipe,
38
22
41
S3
41
GOO
Hydrants.
5 Wilmarth,
5 Lowell,
3 Kingston,
2 Hooper,
8 Ballardvale,
4 Long N. Y. Pattern.
For Hydrants. 15 lengtheners, 11 hydrant bends, 5 frames,
10 covers, 4 boxes, 25 unfinished boxes, 30 second hand caps,
3 wharf hydrants, 47 wastes, 309 lbs. composition castings,
15 spare screws, 3 plungers, 10 stuffing boxes, 9 nipples, 25
unfinished hydrants with screws, nipples, plungers, valves,
APPENDIX. 25
&c, belonging to same, 5 wharf hydrant boxes, 1 sample
hydrant, 20 wharf hydrant cocks, 10 bands, 36 rings, 150
straps, 150 washers.
For Stop-cocks. 35 stop-cock braces, 8 sets of stands and
gearing for 36 and 30-inch, 25 wrought iron nuts, 13 4-inch
flanges, 739 lbs. of f-inch bolts, 197 lbs. ^-inch bolts, 164
lbs. of finch bolts, 152 lbs. l£-inch bolts, 319 lbs. inch bolts,
109 lbs. £-inch bolts, 2 36-inch composition screws, 1 12-inch
valve, 8 cast iron nuts, 1 30-inch composition screw, 6 6-inch
composition screws, 18 6-inch wrought iron screws, 8 4-inch
wrought iron screws, 4 sets of friction wheels, 350 lbs. of old.
bolts (various sizes), 2 2-inch stop-cocks (not in order), 3
12-inch screws, 2 sample cocks, 11 4-inch gate caps, 2 6-inch
gate caps, 1 30-inch valve.
For Service Pipe. 450 square boxes, 46 long boxes, 6 Y
boxes, 2 T boxes, 90 caps, 37 tubes, 3 4-inch cocks, 8 flanges
and 2 caps for do., 10 inch air cocks, 2 1-inch union cocks, 8
f-inch do., 45 f-inch do., 17 straight cocks, 14 inch T cocks,
4 f-inch T cocks, 10 f-inch T cocks, 11 f-inch Y cocks, 189
f-inch flange cocks, 14 lj-inch connection couplings, 11 inch
connection couplings, 28 f-inch connection couplings, 9 2£-
inch connection couplings, 214 lbs. of old couplings of various
sizes, 334 lbs. of union cock castings, 36 composition flanges.
Water Meters. 28 large meters, (2 are out of order), 27
small meters, (2 are out of order), 2 power meters, 1 small
Philadelphia meter, 600 lbs. of connection pipes, 40 connec-
tion nipples, 16 connection couplings.
Lead Pipe. 1,100 lbs. of 2^-inch, 1,120 lbs. of inch, 1,205
lbs. off-inch, 322 lbs. of 1^-inch, 336 lbs. of f-inch.
Block Tin Pipe. 84 lbs. of f-inch, 135 lbs. of f-inch, 68
lbs. off-inch (old), 41 lbs. of f-inch (old), 16 lbs. of f-inch,
53 lbs. of J-inch.
Block Tin. 47 lbs., 60 lbs. of solder, 650 lbs. of gasket.
Pig Lead. 1,445 lbs.
4
26 APPENDIX.
Blacksmith Shop. 3,409 lbs. of working iron, 236 lbs. of
cast steel, 700 lbs. of scrap iron.
Miscellaneous. 15,000 feet of Burnetized 2-inch plank,
1,000 feet of boards, 2 sets of stove box coverings, 1,900 lbs.
of scrap cast iron, 1£ cords of pine wood, 2 large proving
presses and apparatus, 1 small proving press, £ cask of rosin,
£ cask of cement, 1 bbl. of oil, 2 tons of hard coal, £ ton of
blacksmith coal, 30 baskets of charcoal, £ carboy of vitriol,
J bbl. of black varnish, 2 dozen new shovels, 50 picks, 1 set
of carpenter's tools, 1 bbl. of old composition (354 lbs.), 620
lbs. of composition chips, 80 lbs. of cotton waste, 4 dozen
new lanterns, 2 casks of nails, 1,100 lbs. of old scraps, bars,
gas pipe, &c. ; miscellaneous lot of old bolts, cast-off drills,
and tools of various kinds, a large lot of patterns for stop-
cocks, hydrants, &c.
Stable. 800 lbs. English hay, 1,500 lbs. salt hay, hay cut-
ter, 2 horses, 3 sets of harnesses, 2 waggons, 2 pungs, 3
hand-carts, 1 wheelbarrow, 1 hand-truck, 6 bushels of grain,
stable utensils.
At the Reservoir, Beacon Hill. I cast iron drinking foun-
tain, 5 swivel pipe patterns, 1 copper ball from East Boston
Reservoir, 38 feet of 3^-inch shafting and geering, 17 feet of
2^-inch do., 14 feet of 2£ inch square do., lot of iron rods, 2
sets of swing stage-irons, 2 sets of wall clamps, 1 swing stage
with clamps complete, 1 stone block, 3 mast rings and rolls,
1 capstan frame with levers, 6 hand-barrows, 3 hods, 2 dirt
slides, 1 fall, 3 booms, rail carriages, 2 stone carts, 2 strainer
frames, 115 feet of round iron, guys for derrick, 1 iron plate
for do., 3 shaft hangers, 7 pedestals, 2 stone lewises, lot of
old iron, 4 wrenches, 6 shovels, 2 hammers, 1 sledge, lot of
small tools, 1 composition reducer, 4 jets (cast iron), 2 com-
position jets, 6 waste cocks, 2 pieces of hose, piece of copper
pipe, 1 composition cylinder, 6 composition jets, 1 composi-
tion 6-inch plate, 1 4-inch do., 1 3-inch do., 5 cast iron jets, 2
scythes, 2 rakes.
APPENDIX. 27
The flexible pipe between Chelsea and East Boston was
tested four hours, in September, and found to be tight, no
water leaking from it in that time.
Respectfully submitted.
JAMES SLADE,
City Engineer.
28 APPENDIX.
WATER REGISTRAR'S REPORT.
Water Registrar's Office, )
Boston, January 1st, 1857. 5
Hon. John H. Wilkins,
President of the Cochituate Water Board.
Sir:—
I herewith submit the following Report, prepared accord-
ing to the provisions of the Water Ordinance, passed Octo-
ber 31st, 1850.
The total number of Water Takers now entered for the
year 1857, is 20,806, being an increase since January 1st,
1856, of 808.
During the year there has been 1,008 cases where the
water has been shut off for non-payment of water rates, and
unnecessary waste of water. Of these, 678 were for non-
payment; 330 were for waste.
The number of cases where the water has been turned on
is 1,594. Of these, 583 were cases which had been previously
shut off for non-payment of water rates; 286 were those
which had been shut off for unnecessary waste of water ; and
725 were let on for the first time.
There have been no abatements made during the year.
The total amount received, from December
31st, 1855, to January 1st, 1857, is - - - $282,651 84
Of the above, there was received for water
used in previous years, the sum of $1,617 40
Leaving the receipts for water used
during the year 1856, the sum of 281,034 44
Amount of water rates, «... $282,651 84
APPENDIX. 29
Amount brought forward, $282,651 84
A detailed statement of the receipts for the year
1856, is included in this Report.
In addition to the above, there has been re-
ceived, for letting on water, in cases where it
had been shut off for non-payment of water rates, 1,140 00
Total amount received during the year, in
this office, - - - .- " - - -$283,791 84
The total amount received during the year, for
the use of Jamaica Pond water, is - - - $2,624 64
This amount is included in the general account.
The amount of assessments already made for
the year 1857, is $237,628 03
The estimated amount of income from the
sales of water, during the year 1857, is - - 295,000 00
The expenditures in my department during
the year 1856, have been .... 3,126 66
The items of this expenditure are as follows, viz. :
Paid Charles L. Bancroft, for services as clerk,
" Stephen Badlam, « "
" Peter H. Niles, for services as inspector, -
" Chas. E. Dunham, " "
" Rand & Avery, for printing,
" Eayrs & Fairbanks, for books and sta-
tionery, - - ....
" W. A. Pierpont, for distributing bills,
" H. M. Davis, " «'.''.
" E. R. Jones, " "
" J. Atkinson, " " -
" J. W. Greenwood, " "
" Stephen Maddox, for services, -
" Moore & Crosby, for printing,
Amount,
$785
00
758
00
628
00
628
00
118
97
112
49
22
00
18
00
18
00
15
00
15
00
4
72
3
48
$3,126
66
30 appendix.
Statement, showing the number of Houses, Stores, Steam
Engines, &c, in the City of Boston, supplied with Co-
chituate Water, to the first of January, 1857, with The
Amount of Water Rates paid for 1856.
1,314 Dwelling- Houses, $6 00
1,453 " «
1,835
1,903 "
1,711
1,447 " "
1,031 " "
686 " "
474 « "
421 " »
397 " "
316 " "
171 u u
195 " "
132. " "
130 " "
107 " "
91 « «
66 " "
48 " "
§7 « u
29 » "■
40 u a
34 " "
36 " "
236 " «
817 " "
15,207
$6 00
$7,884
00
7 00
10,171
00
8 00
14,680
00
9 00
17,127
00
10 00
17,110
00
11 00
15,917
00
12 00
12,372
00
13 00
8,918
00
14 00
6,636
00
15 00
6,315
00
16 00
6,352
00
17 00
5,372
00
18 00
3,078
00
19 00
3,705
00
20 00
2,640
00
21 00
2,730
00
22 00
2,354
00
23 00
2,093
00
24 00
1,584
00 .
25 00
1,200
00
26 00
27262
00
27 00
783
00
28 00
1,120
00
29 00
986
00
30 00
1,080
00
31 00
7,316
00
4,773 94
$166,558
94
18 00
$36 00
2 Model Houses,
2 Amounts carried forward, $36 00 $166,558 94
APPENDIX.
31
1
1
4
1
4
3
2
5
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
12
Amounts Drought forward.
Model House, $20 00
" « 21 00
" " - 24 00
" " 27 00
" " 30 00
" " 36 00
« " 39 00
" " 42 00
a a 48 00
" " 54 00
" " 60 00
" " 63 00
" " 66 00
" " 69 00
" " 72 00
" " 75 00
" " 90 00
" " 192 00
" " 210 00
$36
20
21
96
27
120
108
78
210
48
54
120
63
66
72
225
90
192
210
364
00 $166,558 94
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
75
50
g House,
57
50
1 Lodgin
57 50
1 "
u
65
50
65 50
1 "
and Shops,
89
6
00
00
89 00
3
1,987 Stores
11,922 00
i—i
8
00
8 00
29 "
8
50
246 50
604 "
9
00
5,436 00
9 «
10
00
90 00
13 "
11
00
143 00
9 "
11
50
103 50
2,358 75
212 00
2,652 Amounts carrried forward, $17,949 00 $169,129 69
32 APPENDIX.
2,652 Amounts brought forward, $17,949 00 $169,129 G9
14 Stores and Shops, $12 00 168 00
1
n
30
a
8
a
6
a
5
a
1
a
1
a
3
it
1
a
1
u
264
a
2,987
'142
Offices,
1
it
48
ii
2
11
1
a
3
a
1
a
1
a
1
u
1
a
27
a
228
5
Banks,
1.1
a
1
a
1
a
2
a
20
Amount carried forward
13 00
13
00
•
14 00
420
00
15 00
120
00
16 50
99
00
19 00
95
00
20 00
20
00
21 50
21
50
24 00
72
00
49 00
49
00
73 95
73
95
1,101
54
20,201 99
6 00
852
00
8 50
8
50
9 00
432
00
10 00
20
00
11 50
11
50
14 00
42
00
15 00
15
00
17 00
17
00
19 00
19
00
21 00
21
00
135
91
1,573 91
6 00
30
00
9 00
99
00
11 00
11
00
14 00
14
00
9
25
i
163 25
rward,
5191,068 84
APPENDIX.
33
Amount brought forwar
d,
$191,068 84
i :
Building,
$10 00
$10
00
3
CC
12
00
36
00
i
a
14
00
14
00
i
u
14
16
14
16
19
a
15
00
285
00
i
ii
16
00
16
00
3
a
17
00
51
00
1
a
17
50
17
50
8
ii
18
00
144
00
7
a
20
00
140
00
3
CL
21
00
63
00
1
ii
22
50
22
50
3
ii
23
00
69
00
8
ii
25
00
200
00
2
a
26
00
52
00
8
a
30
00
240
00
3
a
32
00
96
00
1
a
32
50
32
50
1
a
35
00
35
00
2
a
36
00
72
00
1
a
37
00
37
00
1
a
39
00
39
00
1
a
39
50
39
50
5
a
40
00
200
00
1
a
43
00
43
00
2
a
44
00
88
00
2
a
45
00
90
00
2
a
46
00
92
00
2
a
49
00
98
00
1
a
50
00
50
00
1
a
52
50
52
50
1
a
60
00
60
00
1
Amounts
62 00
carried forward,
62
00
98
$2,560 66 $191,068 84
5
34 APPENDIX.
98 Amounts brought forward, $2,560 66 $191,068 84
1 Building, $65 00 65 00
1 " 72 96 72 96
1 " 73 00 73 00
1 « 74 00 74 00
1 « 82 00 82 00
1 " 108 00 108 00
1 « 130 00 130 00
7 " 289 14
112
3,454
76
36 Churches,
6
00
216
00
1 "
8
00
8
00
1
14
00
14
00
1
15
00
15
00
2 "
20
6
00
00
40
00
293
41
42
00
00
7 Halls,
4 «
9
00
36
00
1 »
12
00
12
00
1 "
14
00
14 00
2 "
16
25
2 Private Schools,
6
00
12
00
i—i
9
00
9
00
2 " "
14
00
28
00
1 " «
15
00
15
00
i—i
16
10
00
00
16
00
200
22
10
00
25
1 Theatre,
1
25
00
25
00
1 »
93
75
93
75
1 Gymnasium,
5
00
5
00
1 Custom House,
156
00
156
00
1 Hospital,
40
00
40
00
6 Amounts carried forward, $329 75 $195,016 85
1 Hospital,
1 Medical Colle
1 State House,
1 Library,
1 "
1
2 Asylums,
2 "
1 «
1 »
1
19
16 Market Stalls,
5
a
1
u
1
Market,
1
u
1
a
48
103
Cellars,
6
n
11
a
120
1
Hotel,
7
a
1
a
1
u
1
it
1
a
1
a
1
u
APPENDIX.
35
i forward,
$329 75 $195,016
85
$163 75
163 75
30 00
30 00
134 50
134 50
6 00
6 00
9 00
9 00
43 95
43 95
15 00
30 00
25 00
50 00
35 00
35 00
■40 00
40 00
250 98
250 98
1,122
93
6 00
216 00
9 00
27 00
10 00
50 00
4 00
47 00
47 00
74 00
74 00
15 27
433
27
6 00
618 00
9 00
54 00
43 75
715
75
14 00
14 00
15 00
105 00
16 76
16 76
18 00
18 00
20 00
20 00
21 00
21 00
24 00
24 00
25 00
25 00
14 Amounts carried forward, $243 76 $197 288 80
36 APPENDIX.
14 Amounts brought forward, $243 76 $197,288 80
1 Hotel, $27 00 27 00
2 « 30 00 60 00
1 " 33 00 33 00
1 " 35 00 35 00
2 " 36 00 72 00
1 " 38 00 38 00
1 " 39 75 39 75
1 " 40 00 40 00
2 » 42 00 84 00
2 » 44 00 88 00
1 " 45 00 45 00
2 " 48 00 96 00
1 " 51 00 51 00
1 " 56 00 56 00
3 " 60 00 180 00
1 " 69 00 69 00
1 " 71 40 71 40
1 " 72 92 72 92
1 " 74 00 - 74 00
1 " 84 00 84 00
2 " 90 00 180 00
1 " 96 00 96 00
1 " 103 08 103 08
1 " 105 00 105 00
1 " 108 00 108 00
1 " 113 70 113 70
1 " 119 50 119 50
1 " 122 80 122 80
1 " 137 00 137 00
1 " 140 00 140 00
1 " 144 00 144 00
1 " 150 00 150 00
1 " 174 10 174 10
55 Amounts carried forward, $3,253 01 $197,288 80
APPENDIX.
37
55
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Amounts brought forward,
Hotel,
5175 10
180 00
193 10
261 00
289 00
354 00
357 00
421 00
465 00
561 00
672 00
805 00
67
1 Boarding House, 30
00
30 00
1 " " 31
00
31 00
2 " « 35
00
70 00
1 « » 36
00
36 00
1 " « 42
00
42 00
1 « » 54
00
54 00
1 " « 60
00
60 00
1 " " 109
00
109 00
1 " « 284
00
284 00
~ 10
• 33 Kestaurants and Sa-
loons, 6
00
198 00
7 " "8
00
56 00
192 " " 9
00
1,728 00
6 " « 10
00
60 00
35 « » 12
00
420 00
23 » « 15
00
345 00
1 " " 16
00
16 00
1 « « 17
00
17 00
5,253 01 $197,288 80
175 10
180 00
193 10
261 00
289 00
354 00
357 00
421 00
465 00
561 00
672 00
805 00
7,986 21
716 00
298 Amounts carried forward, $2,840 00 $205,991 01
38
APPENDIX.
298 Amounts oroi
t gfit forward,
$2,840 00 $2<
35,991
01
1 Restaurant
and
S
a-
loon,
$17
50
17 50
2 "
u
18
00
36 00
2 « ■
a
20
00
40 00
1
a
23
00
23 00
2 .
a
25
00
50 00
2 "
u
30
00
60 00
1 «
u
35
00
35 00
40 "
a
261 82
3,363
349
32
1 Club House
?
12
00
12 00
2 u u
15
00
30 00
\ u a
50
00
50 00
]_ a «
7 50
99
5
50
1 Bathing House,
10
00
10 00
1 "
a
15
00
15 00
2
u
20
00
40 00
1 "
a
40
00
40 00
1 "
u
45
00
45 00
1 "
a
50
00
50 00
] »
u
55
00
55 00
1 "
u
135
00
135 00
1 •»
a
9 17
399
10
17
265 Stables,
5
00
1,325 00
23 "
6
00
138 00
42 "
6
25
262 50
29 "
7
50
217 50
16 "
8
00
128 00
21 "
8
75
183 75
30 "
10
00
300 00
13 "
carr
11 25
'ed forward,
146 25
09,853
439 Amounts
$2;701 00 $2
00
1 Stable,
4 "
15 »
1
8 "
1 "
13 "
2 "
1 »
1 «
1 «
2 "
7 "
1 "
6 »■
1 "
1 «
3 «
1
•t «
4 »
1 "
1 "
1 «
1 "
.PPENDIX.
3y
forward,
$2,701 00 $209>853
00
$11 50
11 50
12 00
48 00
12 50
187 50
13 25
13 25
13 75
110 00
14 00
14 00
15 00
195 00
16 00
32 00
16 25
16 25
17 25
17 25
17 50
17 50
18 00
36 00
18 75
131 25
19 75
19 75
20 00
120 00
•
21 00
21 00
22 00
22 00
22 50
67 50
23 75
23 75
24 00
96 00
25 00
100 00
26 25
26 25
27 50
27 50
28 50
28 50
28 75
28*75
30 00
240 00
31 25
93 75
31 50
31 50
32 00
64 00
32 50
32 50
34 00
34 00
36 00
180 00
38 00
38 00
543 Amounts carried forward, $4;825 25 $209,853 00
40
APPENDIX.
543 Amounts brought forward,
$4,825 25 $209,853 00
7 Stables,
$40 00
280 00
1
43 50
43 50
1
44 00
44 00
1 <
45 00
45 00
3 '
50 00
150 00
1
53 00
53 00
3
56 00
168 00
7
60 00
420 00
1
62 50
62 50
3
70 00
210 00
1
72 00
72 00
4
75 00
300 00
1
76 25
76 25
1
90^00
90 00
" 4
100*00
400 00
1
110 00
110 00
1
117 00
117 00
1
'
120 00
120 00
1
130 00
130 00
1
160 00
160 00
t
1
180 00
180 00
60
240 60
648
8,297 10
1 Shop and Engine, 9 00
9 00
1 "
u
10 20
10 20
6 "
u
12 00
72 00
1 "
u
13 56
13 56
1 "
u
13 61
13 61
1 "
a
14 00
14 00
1 "
u
14 55
14 55
2 «
u
15 00
30 00
1 "
a
15 66
15 66
1 «
« 16 20
carried forward,
16 20
16 .
Amounts
$208 78 $218,150 10
APPENDIX. 41
16 Amounts brought forward, $208 78 $218,150 10
1 Shop and Engine, $16 55 16 55
1 " « 18 60 18 60
1 " » 18 78 18 78
1 " " 19 68 19 68
1 " " 20 18 20 18
1 " " 20 88 20 88
1 " " 21 56 21 56
1 " « 23 34 23 34
1 « « 28 62 28 62
1 « « 28 96 28 96
1 » « 29 82 29 82
1 " " 30 00 30 00
1 " " 30 10 30 10
1 " « 31 08 31 08
1 « " 31 92 31 92
1 " " 32 22 32 22
1 " » 33 90 33 90
1 « » 34 74 34- 74
1 " « 36 00 36 00
1 '• " 42 84 42 84
1 " « 49 74 49 74
1 " " 49 86 49 86
1 « " 52 86 52 86
1 « " 53 04 53 04
1 " " 53 32 53 32
1 " " 56 04 56 04
2 " " 58 20 116 40
1 « " 59 22 59 22
1 " " 59 52 59 52
1 " " 60 54 60 54
1 " « 61 12 61 12
1 " « 61 49 61 49
1 " « 63 16 63 16
50 Amounts carried forward, $1,554 86 $218,150 10
6
42 APPENDIX.
50 Amounts brought forward, $1,554 86 $218,150 10
1 Shop and Engine, $64 38 64 38
1 " " 66 66 66 66
1 « « 66 78 66 78
1 « " 67 33 67 33
1 « « 68 44 68 44
1 « « 73 26 73 26
1 " " 74 88 74 88
1 " " 76 80 76 80
1 « « 80 52 80 52
1 " « 89 15 89 15
1 " " 91 10 91 10
1 " » 92 10 92 10
1 " « 95 34 95 34
1 " " 97 75 97 75
1 " " 97 78 97 78
1 « " 102 00 102 00
1 « « 103 50 103 50
1 " " 103 75 103 75
1 « « 105 90 105 90
1 " " 106 30 106 30
1 " « 106 74 106 74
1 " " 107 00 107 00
1 " « 111 00 111 00
1 " " 126 61 126 61
1 « « 129 7-8 129 78
1 » " 133 04 133 04
1 " " 135 00 135 00
1 " « 135 33 135 33
1 " " 139 38 139 38
1 " " 142 37 142 37
1 " " 149 94 149 94
1 " » 155 70 155 70
1 " « 169 50 169 50
1 " " 180 24 180 24
84 Amounts carried forward, $5,200 21 $218,150 10
APPENDIX.
43
84
Amounts broi^
%ht forward,
$5,200 21 $218,150 10
1
Shop
&I
Inginc
$184 20
184 20
1
ti
190 20
190 20
1
a
192 84
192 84
1
tt
211 88
211 88
1
a
306 82
306 82
1
it
326 00
326 00
1
it
369 72
369 72
91
6,981 87
1 Foun
dry
& Engine.. 9 00
9 00
1
a
tt
10 00
10 00
1
a
a
12 58
12 58
1
a
it
15 00
15 00
1
a
a
21 34
21 34
1
it
it
28 20
28 20
1
a
a
57 87
57 87
1
it
a
58 92
58 92
1
a
a
61 80
61 80
1
a
ti
74 70
74 70
1
a
a
115 44
115 44
1
a
tt
133 16
133 16
• 1
tt
u
338 48
336 48
13
934 49
1
Printing
Office
and
En
gine, 18 25
18 25
1
a
24 96
24 96
1
a
< 27 10
27 10
1
tt
32 28
32 28
1
tt
36 18
36 18
1
it
" 39 50
39 50
1
it
'i 44 84
44 84
1
it
1 45 96
45 96
1
tt tt
Amounts carr
< 78 20
icd forward,
78 20
9
$347 27
$226,066 46
44 APPENDIX.
9 Amounts brought forward, $347 27 $226,066 46
1 Printing Office and
Engine, $81 81 81 81
1 « « « 121 58 121 58
1 « « « 151 40 151 40
12 702 06
"1 Ship Yard & Engine, 90 84 90 84
1 « « " 178 86 178 86
1 Factory & Engine, 8 83 8 83
22 50 22 50
' 22 68 22 68
25 29 25 29
28 20 28 20
43 76 43 76
49 50 49 50
56 36 56 36
66 31 66 31
70 92 70 92
88 98 88 98
91 50 91 50
114 12 114 12
115 90 115 90
• 116 80 116 80
■ 119 50 119 50
150 70 150 70
< 215 40 215 40
364 62 364 62
< 568 24 568 24
10 00 30 00
11 25 22 50
12 00 24 00
13 00 13 00
1
a
1
(I
1
u
1
u
1
a
1
a
1
a
1
u
1
Li
1
a
1
tC
1
u
1
a
1
a
1
a
1
u
1
a
1
it
1
a
20
3
Factories
2
a
2
a
1
a
269 70
2,340 11
8 Amounts carried forward, $89 50 $229,378 33
APPENDIX.
45
8
Amounts brou
ght forward,
$89 50 $
229,378 33
5 Factories,
$15 00
75 00
1
a
21 00
21 00
1
u
22 50
22 50
1
a
25 00
25 00
1
u
25 80
25 80
5
a
30 00
150 00
1
u
31 25
31 25
1
u
38 53
38 53
1
u
41 70
41 70
1
u
50 00
50 00
1
a
51 00
51 00
1
u
51 45
51 45
1
a
65 19
65 19
1
a
66 95
66 95
1
a
72 16
72 16
1
u
124 35
124 35
1
a
128 15
128 15
•
1
u
170 00
170 00
1
a
172 68
172 68
1
a
230 94
230 94.
6
u
47 25
42
1,750 40
Ts
iugar Refinery,
2,367 15
2,367 15
i
tt a
3,442 26
3,442 26
1 Rolling Mill,
793 92
793 92
1
a u
1,716 36
1,716 36
1 Grist Mill,
413 75
413 75
1 Mill,
108 00
108 00
1
(i
132 60
132 60
1
u
194 94
194 94
1
a
315 98
315 98
1
a
604 48
604 48
1
u
680 76
680 76
1 Forge,
596 04
596 04
12
Amount carrie
d forward,
11,366 24
242,494 97
46
APPENDIX.
Amount brought forward,
$242,494 97
2 Engines,
$7 68
$15
36
4
a
7 83
31
32
1
u
12 00
12
00
1
u
14 28
14
28
1
a
15 00
15
00
1
it
22 08
22
08
1
(i
48 00
48
00
1
u
75 24
75
24
1
u
102 30
102
30
1
a
108 06
108
06
1
a
114 50
114
50
1
a
126 66
126
66
1
i(
135 12
135
12
1
u
117 24
117
24
1-
a
175 56
175
56
1
a
188 04
188
04
1
» «
1,904 82
1,904
82
21
3,205 58
18 Printing Offices, 6 00
108 00
14
« ' £
< 9 00
126
00
2
a <
12 00
24
00
3
it I
< 13 00
39
00
2
U l
< 17 00
34
00
1
U l
< 20 00
20
00
3
U I
< 21 00
63
00
1
a (
< 25 00
25
00
1
U i
< 28 00
28
00
2
U i
7
00
47
474 00
"I
Distillery,
51 90
51
90
1
u
144 80
144
80
1
(C
175 84
175
84
1
Amounts c
204 24
irried forward.
204
24
4
$576
78 $246,174 55
APPENDIX. 47
4 Amounts brought forward,
$576
78 $246,174 55
1 Distillery,
$278 76
278
76
1 "
417 20
417
20
1 «
436 24
436
24
1
514 00
514
00
1
721 50
721
50
1 Brewery,
11 00
11
00
1 «
12 00
12
00
5
15 00
75
00
1
25 00
25
00
1
31 30
31
30
1
903 73
903
73
19
4,002 51
2 Bacon Works,
15 00
30
00
\ (l u
25 00
25
00
3
55 00
2 Bleacheries,
9 00
18
00
1
10 00
10
00
i— i
19 00
19
00
1 "
6
75
1 Laundry,
26 25
26
25
1 Pottery,
30 00
30
00
7
110 00
54 Bakeries,
6 00
324
00
■ 6
9 00
54
00
3
12
33
63
390 33
1 Bakery and Engine, 15 00
15
00
1 11 u
43 64
43
64
1 " «
55 00
55
00
3
113 64
7 Ship Yards,
15 00
105
00
J u «
11 25
ied forward,
11
25
8 Amounts car?
$116 25 $250,846 03
48
APPENDIX.
•
8
AmounU
■ brou
ght forward,
$116 25 $250,846 03
2 Dry Docks
j
$15 00
30 00
1
a u
53 18
53 18
1
u u
80 57
80 57
~12
280 00
714 Hose,
3 00
2,142 00
2
a
5 00
10 00
4
a
10 00
40 00
720
2,192 00
13 Fountains,
3 00
39 00
6
(C
5 00
30 00
7
u
6 00
42 00
2
u
7 81
15 62
1
a
8 00
8 00
2
a
9 00
18 00
1
u
12 00
12 00
1
(C
15 00
15 00
33
179 62
1 Packing H
ouse,
9 00
9 00
1
a
a
10 00
10 00
1
a
a
30 00
30 00
1
a
ic
35 00
35 00
4
84 00
1 Railroad Co.,
195 00
195 00
1
a
u
504 02
504 02
1
a
(C
844 46
844 46
1
a
a
876 66
876 66
1
a
u
1,039 68
1,039 68
1
a
a
1,120 26
1,120 26
1
u
a
1,663 38
1,663 38
1
a
a
2,438 22
2,438 22
8
Am,ount
cam
led forward,
8,681 68
—
$262,263 33
APPENDIX.
49
1
Amount broug
Chelsea Ferry
lit forward,
$262,263 33
1
Co.,
East Boston
$1,239 74
$1,239
74
Ferry Co.
, 691 94
691
94
1
People's Ferry
Co.
, 780 48
780
48
3
2,712 16
1
Canard Steams'
hip
Co.
, 700 00
700
00
1
Steamboat,
26 25
26
25
1
a
30 00
30
00
1
a
31 64
31
64
1
a
41 80
41
80
1
ii
42 42
42
42
1
a
54 60
54
60
1
ii
66 18
66
18
1
ii
67 50
. 67
50
1
ii
72 21
72
21
1
ii
92 56
92
56
1
a
108 60
108
60
1
a
110 00
110
00
1
a
112 80
112
80
1
a
113 97
113
97
1
a
127 75
127
75
1
a
128 80
128
80
1
a
130 52
130
52
1
a
131 04
131
04
1
a
133 54
133
54
1
a
160 00
160
00
1
a
165 00
165
00
2
a
168 70
337
40
1
a
192 56
192
56
1
202 50
Amounts carried forward,
7
202
50
26
$3,379
64 $264,975 49
50
APPENDIX.
26 Amounts orought forward,
$3,379
64 $264,975 49
1 Steamboat,
$212
44
212
44
1
227
80
227
80
1 «
416
74
416
74
1
629
09
629
09
30
4,865 71
1 Latin School,
16
00
16
00
1 English High School,
16
00
16
00
1 Normal School,
16
00
16
00
19 Grammar Schools,
16
00
304
00
190 Primary Schools,
6
00
1,140
00
3 " "
11
00
33
00
13 Engine Houses,
16
00
208
00
5 Hose Carriage
Houses,
16
00
80
00
3 Hook and Ladder
Houses,
16
00
48
00
6 Police Station Houses, 11
00
66
00
2 a u a
16
00
32
00
1 City Stable, (Harrison
Avenue,)
77
50
77
50
. 1 City Stable, (Commerr
cial street,)
27
50
27
50
5 Fire Alarm Moters,
6
00
30
00
1 u it u
15
00
15
00
1 Court House,
95
00
95
00
1 City Hall,
50
00
50
00
1 Faneuil Hall,
46
00
46
00
1 City Building,
37
50
37
50
1 Probate Office,
10
00
10
00
1 Office at City Scales
h 9
00
9
00
1 Dead House,
9
00
9
00
1 Public Library,
6
00
6
00
1 House of Correctior
i,436 22
forward,
436
$2,807
22
261 Amounts carried
72 $269,841 20
APPENDIX. 51
261 Amounts brought forward, $2,807 72 $269,841 20
1 Lunatic Hospital, $225 00 225 00
1 House of Reformation, 50 00 50 00
1 Faneuil Hall Market
(for Urinals, &c.,) 70 00 70 00
1 Street Sprinkling, 400 00 400 00
1 Offal Station, 150 00 150 00
1 Common Sewer (for
making Mortar, &c.,) 75 00 75 00
267 3,777 72
Proprietors of Boston
Traveller, 516 23 516 23
Mass. State Prison, 349 26 349 26
Mill Dam Co., 300 00 300 00
Boston Gas Light Co., 374 62 374 62
SouthBostonGasCo., 122 60 122 60
East Boston Gas Co., 94 00 94 00
Brookline Gas Co., 30 00 30 00
Contractors for sup-
plying shipping, 4,387 30 4,387 30
Street Waterers
(inRoxbury,) 100 00
Building Purposes, 1,085 05
Proving Pipes, 31 95
Mechanics' Fair, 24 51
100
00
1,085
05
31
95
24
51
7,415
52
$281,034 44
Respectfully submitted,
WILLIAM F. DAYIS,
Water Registrar.
PUBLIC LIBRARY
or THB
CITY OF BOSTON.
ABBREVIATED REGULATIONS.
One volume can be taken at a time from the
Lower Hall, and one from the Bates Hall.
Books can be kept out 14 clays.
A fine of 2 cents for each volume will be
incurred for each day a book is detained more
than 14 days.
Any book detained more than a week be-
yond the time limited, will be sent for at the
expense of the delinquent.
No book is to be lent out of the household
of the borrower.
The Library hours for the delivery and re-
turn of books are from 10 o'clock, A. M., to
8 o'clock, P. M., in the Lower Hall; and from
10 o'clock, A. M., until one half hour before
sunset in the Bates Hall.
Every book must, under penalty of one dol-
lar, be returned to the Library at such time
in August as shall be publicly announced.
The card must be presented whenever a
book is returned. For renewing a book the
card must be presented, together with the
book, or with the shelf-numbers of the book.