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City  Document. — No.  13. 


REPORT 


COCHITUATE  WATER  BOARD 


CITY   COUNCIL  OF  BOSTON, 


FOR   THE   YEAR   1859. 


BOSTON: 
GEO.     C.     RAND    &    AVERY,     CITY    PRINTERS, 


No.     3      COENHILL. 


1860, 


CITY     OF     BOSTON. 


In  Common  Council,  Jan.  5,  1860. 
Ordered  :  That  the  Cochituate  Water  Board  be  authorized 
to  make  their  Annual  Report  in  print. 
Sent  up  for  concurrence. 

J.  P.  BRAD  LEE,  President. 

In  Board  of  Aldermen,  Jan.  9,  1860. 
Concurred. 

OTIS    CLAPP,  Chairman. 

Approved,  Jan.  10,  1860. 

P.  W.  LINCOLN,  Jr.,  Mayor. 

A  true  copy.     Attest, 

S.  P.  McCLEARY,  City  Clerk. 


E  P  0  E  T. 


Office  of  the  Cociiituate  Water  Board,"! 
Boston,  January  15,  1860.  ] 

To  the  City  Council. 

The  Cociiituate  Water  Board  respectfully  submit 
to  the  City  Council  their  Annual  Report  for  the  year 
1859.  In  compliance,  also,  with  the  City  Ordinances, 
they  submit  also  the  Reports  of  the  City  Engineer, 
the  Water  Registrar,  and  the  Clerk  of  this  Board,  all 
of  which  are  worthy  of  attention  from  those  who  are 
interested  to  know  the  condition  and  workings  of  this 
department.  The  Water  Registrar's  Report  is  pub- 
lished in  a  more  condensed  form  than  heretofore ;  but 
is  still  deemed  to  be  sufficiently  classified  for  popular 
use.  More  minute  details  can  always  be  learned  at  his 
office. 

It  is  believed  that  the  Works  were  never  in  a  con- 
dition so  safe  and  efficient  as  at  the  present  time. 

The  past  year,  1859,  has  been  crowded  with  import- 
ant events  and  undertakings  relating  to  the  subject 
matter  of  the  Water  Works.  The  breach  in  the 
aqueduct  at  Needham,  the  raising  of  Lake  Cochituate, 
the  quieting  of  the  claim  of  meadow  owners  on  Sud- 
bury River,  and  the  laying  of  the  new  main  from 
Brookline  to  Boston,  all  important  transactions,  and 
worthy  special  notice  in  this  Report. 


4  CITY  DOCUMENT.— No.  13.  [Jan., 

1.     Of  the  Needham  Breach. 

On  the  29th  of  March  last,  the  aqueduct  at  its 
connection  with  the  pipes  crossing  Charles  River, 
on  the  westerly  side  in  Needham,  gave  way  early  in 
the  morning,  and  the  great  volume  of  water  which 
was  passing  through  the  same,  in  a  very  short  time 
produced  the  most  destructive  havoc  upon  the  prem- 
ises, —  carrying  pipes,  gravel,  brick  and  stone  masonry 
and  other  materials  away,  and  precipitating  them 
into  Charles  River,  choking  up  its  current,  and  caus- 
ing it  to  overflow  its  banks  and  throw  back  water 
upon  the  meadows  and  mills  above.  The  sight  of  this 
devastating  outbreak  was  truly  appalling.  A  young 
man,  son  of  Mr.  Reuben  Ware,  living  near  at  hand, 
had  the  presence  of  mind  to  mount  and  ride  with  all 
speed  to  the  Lake  to  apprise  Mr.  Knowlton  of  the 
breach ;  and  the  water  was  instantly  turned  off,  so  that 
in  probably  two  hours  from  its  occurrence  the  water 
ceased  to  flow  injuriously  at  the  breach.  This  prompt 
and  highly  meritorious  act  of  young  Mr.  Ware,  by 
which  further  incalculable  injury  was  seasonably  pre- 
vented, was  deemed  worthy  of  special  notice  by  this 
Board,  and  w^as  rewarded  by  them  by  the  gift  of  a 
gold  watch,  of  Waltham  manufacture,  and  a  suitable 
gold  chain. 

By  this  untoward  occurrence  the  stone  gate-house 
and  near  100  feet  of  the  brick  conduit  were  carried 
away,  and  with  several  of  the  connecting  pipes,  were 
precipitated  into  the  river  to  the  distance  of  from  75 
to  150  feet.  What  was  the  cause  of  this  occurrence  is 
only  matter  of  conjecture,  as  all  the  traces  of  weakness 
and  of  failure  were  entirely  obliterated  in  the  accom- 
panying ruin. 


I860.]  WATER.  5 

Though  the  gap  was  truly  frightful,  and  the  work  of 
repair  was  impeded  by  a  violent  rain  storm,  yet  the 
work  was  commenced  and  prosecuted  with  the  utmost 
vigor,  and  by  as  many  men  as  could  work  to  advantage, 
both  by  day  and  by  night.  It  was  by  no  means  an 
easy  task  to  find  in  a  village  like  that  the  shelter  and 
the  food  necessary  for  the  comfort  and  supply  of  so 
many  workmen ;  and  it  became  necessary  to  send  many 
into  the  city  at  night,  and  to  return  there  in  the  morn- 
ing. It  providentially  came  to  pass  that  we  had  on 
hand  a  stock  of  both  36  and  30-inch  pipes,  sufficient  to 
connect  the  old  pipes  in  the  valley  with  the  new  gate- 
house, now  to  be  constructed  far  inward  from  its  former 
position.  Had  this  not  been  the  case,  it  is  quite  prob- 
lematical how  Ions;  the  breach  would  have  remained 
open  before  new  pipes  could  have  been  cast  and  in- 
serted. It  seems  as  if  great  suffering  must  have 
occurred  in  such  circumstances.  Such  was  the  speed, 
activity,  skill  and  strength  applied  to  this  work,  that  on 
Saturday  evening,  April  2d,  (within  five  days  and  four 
nights,)  connection  was  made  through  one  of  the  pipes, 
and  on  the  following  night  through  another,  and  on  the 
following  Thursday  through  the  last. 

This  was  a  consummation  exceedingly  creditable  to 
those  having  charge  of  the  work,  and  whose  eyes  were 
ever  watchful  during  its  progress. 

Having  completed  the  connection,  and  insured  to  the 
cit}^  its  former  supply,  a  new  and  somewhat  improved 
gate-house  was  constructed.  The  sand,  gravel,  masonry, 
&c.,  which  obstructed  the  river,  was  allowed  to  remain, 
to  a  considerable  extent,  until  the  water  was  reduced 
in  the  summer  months.     Mr.  Curtis,  who  owned  the 


6  CITY  DOCUMENT.  — No.  13.  [Jan., 

land  upon  the  opposite  bank  of  the  river,  gave  permis- 
sion that  we  might  spread  the  dehris  upon  his  intervale 
on  removing  the  loam  and  replacing  it  over  the  gravel. 
This  work  of  clearing  out  the  river  was  an  arduous  and 
disagreeable  one.  But  the  weather  proved  very  favor- 
able, and  the  low  stage  of  the  water  added  facility  to 
the  operation ;  so  that  in  less  than  four  weeks'  working 
time,  the  job  was  completed,  covering  three  acres  of 
land  to  the  depth  of  three  feet. 

It  was  also  found  that  the  gate-house,  on  the  easterly 
side  of  the  valley,  was  in  an  unsafe  condition.  Water 
was  oozing  from  it,  and  danger  of  undermining  was 
apparent.  The  occasion  was  taken  to  strip  the  founda- 
tion, cover  the  same  with  cement  and  concrete,  raise 
the  surrounding  embankment,  and  add  considerable  to 
the  width  and  stability  of  the  same.  It  is  believed  that 
the  Works  on  both  sides  the  valley  are  now  in  a  much 
better  state  and  condition  than  before  the  breach 
occurred. 

The  whole  expense  of  what  was  done  at  the  valley, 
adding  nothing  for  the  worth  of  the  new  pipe,  was 
$15,380  73. 

It  is  worthy  of  remark,  that  the  citizens  of  the  vil- 
lage, as  a  general  thing,  were  accommodating,  and  dis- 
posed to  facilitate,  in  any  way  they  could,  the  operations 
of  the  city.  Some  persons  who  suffered  some  damage, 
and  who,  without  impropriety,  might  have  presented  a 
claim  on  the  city,  have  forborne  to  do  so.  And,  as  a 
general  thing,  those  who  have  claimed  damages,  have 
done  so  in  a  spirit  of  moderation.  Such  conduct  is  the 
more  worthy  of  notice  and  commendation,  from  its 
strong  contrast  with  what  is  often  experienced  under 


I860.]  WATER.  7 

like  circumstances,  where  a  misfortune  or  accident  is 
looked  upon  as  a  windfall  for  every  one  to  make  the 
most  of 

Allow  us  here  to  repeat,  what  we  have  in  a  former 
communication  made  known  to  the  City  Council,  our 
proceedings  in  the  contingency. 

"  When  the  breach  took  place,  the  first  order  was  to 
have  the  water  turned  off  for  all  purposes  but  domestic 
supply;  beginning  with  the  largest  consumers.  But 
this  was  a  work  of  time.  Beginning  with  the  larger 
and  proceeding  to  the  smaller  consumers,  the  work  was 
not  completed  before  the  pipe  was  repaired,  and  the 
work  of  letting  on  was  commenced ;  and  shortly  all 
was  restored. 

"  But  this  process  exhibited  an  enormous  consumption 
on  the  part  of  those  cut  off.  At  the  time  the  breach 
occurred  there  was  brought  daily  to  the  city  about 
13,000,000  gallons,  and  in  the  course  of  repairs,  the 
amount  fell  gradually  to  10,  8,  6,  4  and  3j  millions. 
This  shows  that  the  domestic  supply,  and  some  of  the 
mechanical,  did  not  exceed  three  or  four  millions.  It 
is  to  be  observed,  however,  that,  beyond  all  doubt,  the 
domestic  supply  was  curtailed  by  the  consumers  to  an 
inconveniently  low  average.  The  conduct  of  the  citi- 
zens in  this  respect,  when  there  was  danger  that  a  por- 
tion of  the  city  would  be  entirely  deprived  of  water, 
was  worthy  of  all  praise,  and  should  be  highly 
commended." 

2.     The  raising  of  Lake  Oochituate. 

From  the  experience  of  two  previous  years  in  faihng 
to  obtain  an  acceptable  act  of  the  Legislature,  author- 


8  CITY  DOCUMENT.  — No.  13.  [Jan., 

izing  the  raising  of  the  waters  of  the  lake,  it  was 
deemed  by  this  Board,  in  its  application  at  the  last  ses- 
sion, to  be  the  best  policy  to  agree  upon  a  form  of  bill 
with  the  adjoining  towns,  so  as  to  avoid  the  opposition 
that  for  two  years  had  thwarted  our  efforts.  We  there- 
fore proposed  to  pay  the  town  of  Framingham  $4,500, 
and  the  town  of  Natick  $3,000,  and  the  town  of  Way- 
land  $1,000, —  $8,500  in  all ;  and  the  act  thus  agreed 
upon  went  through  the  Legislature  without  note  or 
comment,  and  is  chap.  184  of  the  Blue  Book  of  1859. 
On  the  principle  that  there  was  any  justice  in  the 
notion  that  said  towns  were  aggrieved  or  injured  by  the 
exemption  of  the  property  taken  for  the  Water  Works, 
from  taxation,  the  sums  at  which  they  were  disposed  to 
waive  all  objections  to  the  new  act,  were  deemed  to  be 
reasonable ;  and  it  was  thought  better  to  pay  them  at 
once  than  to  renew  our  former  efforts  with  the  certainty 
of  encountering  the  same  opposition  which  had  been 
successfully  used  against  the  project  for  two  years. 
This  has  accordingly  been  done. 

As  stated  in  the  last  report  of  this  Board,  much, 
indeed,  most,  of  the  preHminary  and  preparatory  work 
of  this  project  had  been  before  executed.  Nearly  all 
the  roads  had  been  raised ;  many  owners  of  lands  to 
be  flooded,  had  been  settled  with.  Scarce  anything 
remained  to  be  done  but  to  take  down,  re-construct, 
and  elevate  the  gate-house,  and  raise  the  sea  wall  in 
different  places,  for  a  distance  of  over  100  rods.  The 
gate-house  has  been  re-constructed  on  the  same  original 
plan  and  foundation,  and  its  floor  and  walls  have  been 
raised  4f  feet  above  their  former  |  position.  The  sea 
wall  has  been  raised  3  feet.      These  operations  secure 


I860.]  WATER.  9 

the  premises  from  all  inconvenience  from  freshets  and 
high  water  from  any  cause  in  future.  The  sea  wall 
near  the  gate-house,  is  back  filled  from  the  adjoining 
gravel  hill,  and  the  gate-house  is  surrounded  with  a 
suitably  graded  sloping  bank.  All  the  premises  are 
now  in  a  neat  and  becoming  condition ;  and  with  a 
trifling  annual  expenditure,  they  can  be  made  quite 
ornamental  and  attractive.  The  whole  expenditure  at 
the  lake  has  been  1 18,630  45,  besides  the  amount  paid 
to  the  towns,—  $8,500,  — in  all,  $27,130. 

3.     The  quieting  of  the  claims  of  meadoiv  owners. 

In  last  year's  report,  after  stating  that  this  Board 
had  acquired  the  control  of  the  lease  of  the  reservoir 
at  Hopkinton,  it  was  further  stated  that  "During  the 
last  summer  the  proprietors  of  Sudbury  Meadows 
memorialized  the  City  of  Boston  for  damage  done  to 
their  property  by  letting  down  water  from  the  reser- 
voirs at  unseasonable  times.  That  memorial  has  been 
referred  to  this  Board,  but  has  not  been  yet  acted  upon. 
Should  it  appear  at  the  hearing  that  said  proprietors 
are  entitled  either  in  law  or  equity  to  consideration  by 
way  of  damages,  the  entire  and  free  control  of  these 
works  may  afford  the  readiest  and  most  effectual  means 
of  repairing  said  damages  and  quieting  said  claim," 
and  practically,  this  was  found  to  be  the  case. 

This  Board  gave  a  good  deal  of  time,  attention,  and 
consideration  to  the  subject  matter  of  these  petitions 
We  gave  a  public  hearing  to  the  parties,  in  which 
opportunity  was  given  for  every  one  interested  to  state 
any  and  all  facts  bearing  on  the  question. 

This  Board  also  visited  such  of  the  premises  as  lay 
2 


10  CITY  DOCUilENT.  — No.  13.  [Jan. 

in  Waylancl,  and  which  were  visible  from  the  various 
roads  and  causeways  in  said  town,  and  observed  their 
state  and  condition,  and  held  free  intercourse  with 
many  of  the  proprietors  on  the  spot.  The  quantity  of 
intervals  thus  cursorily  inspected,  amounted,  probably, 
to  thousands  of  acres. 

After  hearing  all  that  could  probably  be  said,  and 
seeing  a  very  considerable  portion  of  all  that  could  be 
seen,  this  Board  embodied  the  results  of  their  conclu- 
sions in  a  report  which  was  printed,  and  constitutes  City 
Document  No.  49  for  1859.  By  that  report,  it  appears 
that  this  Board  made  the  following  proposition :  that 
the  City  of  Boston  will  convey  to  some  responsible 
agent  or  committee,  authorized  to  act  in  behalf  of  the 
proprietors,  by  quit-claim  deed,  all  the  right,  title,  and 
interest  which  the  city  possesses  in  and  to  the  reservoir 
at  Hopkinton,  with  its  dam,  gate-house,  and  flume,  to 
have  and  to  hold,  and  lawfully  manage  and  control  the 
same  as  they  please. 

To  this  proposition  no  direct  reply  was  made ;  but 
Judge  Mellen,  the  solicitor  of  the  meadow  owners,  ^ 
called  upon  the  president  of  this  Board,  and  after  stat- 
ing that  the  proposition  was  not  acceptable  to  the 
owners,  suggested  that  if  we  would  add  all  the  real 
estate  and  personal  property  owned  by  the  city,  in  con- 
nection with  the  reservoir  in  Hopkinton,  he  thought  it 
would  be  satisfactory.  To  this  the  president  replied, 
that  the  city  had  made  its  proposition,  and  he  was  not 
authorized  to  make  a  new  one ;  but  if  the  meadow 
owners  had  one  like  that  proposed,  to  make  to  the  city, 
it  would  be  received  and  considered,  and  perhaps 
accepted,  as  the  additional  property  asked  for  was  not 
regarded  as  of  great  value. 


I860.]  WATER.  U 

In  due  time,  a  formal  proposition  was  made  to  us, 
based  upon  that  suggested  by  Judge  Mellen.  This 
proposition  was  signed  by  136  meadow  owners,  obli- 
gating themselves  to  forbear  all  claims  for  damages,  on 
condition  that  the  city  would  convey  to  Col.  David 
Heard,  of  Wayland,  the  property  of  the  city  in  and  to 
the  reservoir  and  other  real  and  personal  property  appur- 
tenant to  and  connected  therewith.  The  Board  accepted 
the  proposition ;  and  as  all  the  owners  had  not  signed 
the  obligation,  and  there  might  arise  some  difficulty 
with  some  who  had,  it  was  deemed  prudent  to  require 
a  good  and  sufficient  bond  to  secure  the  city  from  all 
claims  of  everybody  interested,  —  those  who  had,  as 
well  as  those  who  had  not  signed  the  release.  Messrs. 
David  Heard  and  his  brother  Horace  executed  a  bond 
to  that  effect,  in  the  sum  of  $10,000,  for  the  considera- 
tion of  two  hundred  dollars.  And  thus  the  matter  was 
settled. 

Thus  has  terminated  a  controversy  which  has  caused 
this  Board  much  anxiety,  in  a  manner  apparently  mutu- 
ally satisfactory.  Not  that  it  is  to  be  supposed  that  the 
damages  done  by  the  city  were  nearly  so  great  as  the 
sufferers  thought  them ;  nor  that  their  grievances  will 
end  with  this  addition  to  their  means  of  security ;  but 
because  appearances  were  against  us ;  and  if  in  a 
single  case,  out  of  150  owners,  a  single  one  could  estab- 
lish even  a  small  damage,  the  aggregate  would  be  fright- 
fully large. 

We  think  the  city,  and,  indeed,  all  parties,  are  to  be 
congratulated  on  the  final  happy  settlement  of  this 
irritating  controversy,  —  the  city,  that  it  has  amicably 
disposed  of  all  the  quasi  claims  at  so  moderate  a  cost  — 


12  CITY  DOCUMENT.  — No.  13.  [Jan. 

and  the  meadow  owners,  that  they  have  got  restored  to 
them  all  their  natural  rig-hts.  and  more  too,  forever,  in 
lieu  of  grievances  which  it  would  have  cost  much  labor 
and  money  to  have  got  into  the  form  of  claims,  and 
then  very  equivocal  ones. 

Much  of  the  success  of  this  amicable  arrangement  is 
beheved  to  be  due  to  the  wise  counsels  and  judicious 
conduct  of  Judge  Mellen. 

4.     The  laying  of  the  neiu  main  from  BrooJdine  to  Boston. 

In  the  last  year's  report  it  was  stated  that  a  contract 
for  this  pipe  was  made  with  Messrs.  J.  W.  &  J.  F.  Starr, 
of  Camden,  N.  J.  This  contract  was  for  "  20,000  feet 
when  laid,"  and  the  price  $33  per  gross  ton.  After- 
wards 3,000  feet  more  were  ordered,  at  |37  per  ton,  — 
making  23,000  feet  which  will  complete  the  job.  The 
contractors  have  given  us  an  excellent  quality  of  pipe, 
smooth  and  strong,  standing  remarkably  well  the  pre- 
scribed test  of  300  lbs.  to  the  square  inch.  With  the 
exception  of  some  delay  in  shipments  occasionally, 
resulting  in  the  outset  from  incomplete  arrangements 
for  freighting,  the  job  has  been  executed,  and  the  con- 
tract on  their  part  fulfilled  with  remarkable  fidelity, 
honor  and  promptness.  Our  negotiation  and  intercourse 
with  them  have  been  of  the  most  agreeable  kind ;  and 
though  we  have  not  yet  closed  up  the  contract,  and 
made  the  final  payment  (though  all  the  pipe  is  re- 
ceived), we  know  of  no  misunderstanding  or  difference 
of  opinion  that  can  arise  to  mar  the  good  feeling,  and 
diminish  the  very  great  res^DCct  which  this  Board  enter- 
tains towards  those  gentlemen. 


I860.]  WATER.  13 

Some  circumstances  connected  with  the  execution  of 
this  great  and  important  work,  seem  to  render  it  proper 
to  allude  to  some  early  steps  taken  by  this  Board  in 
relation  to  it. 

By  vote  of  the  City  Council,  this  Board  were  author- 
ized to  construct  this  new  main  of  such  size  as  it  should 
deem  best,  and  to  bring  it  into  the  city  in  the  way  they 
should  deem  best.  Before  proceeding  to  make  a  con- 
tract for  pipe,  or  making  any  preparation  for  exercising 
their  authority,  it  was  deemed  prudent  to  learn  exactly 
what  was  practicable  for  us  to  do  under  existing  acts  of 
the  Legislature.  Certain  questions  were  therefore  asked 
of  the  City  Solicitor,  which  are  stated,  with  his  answers, 
in  the  accompanying  document  : 

City  Solicitor's  Office, 
Boston,  July  20,  1858. 

Sir :  —  I  have  considered  the  questions  which  you 
recently  submitted  to  me.     They  are  as  follows : 

1.  May  the  City  of  Boston  bring  water  from  the 
Brookline  reservoir  into  the  latter  city  by  a  new  line  of 
works,  and  take  lands  for  that  purpose,  without  the  con- 
sent of  the  owners  thereof? 

2.  May  the  city  lay  an  additional  water-pipe  along 
the  line  of  the  present  works,  for  the  purpose  of  bring- 
ing a  larger  supply  of  water  from  the  reservoir  into  the 
city?^ 

It  is  my  opinion  that  the  authority  does  not  exist 
in  the  city  to  take  lands  for  a  new  line  of  pipe,  except 
by  purchase;  that  when  the  line  of  the  works  was 
originally  selected,  the  lands  therefor  taken,  and  record 
made  thereof  as  the  statute  requires,  the  power  which 


14  CITY  DOCUMENT.— No.  13.  [Jan., 

was  conferred  upon  the  city  in  this  respect,  was 
exhausted.  If  this  be  not  the  proper  construction  of 
the  water  act,  then  the  city  may  build  as  many  new 
lines  of  work  as  it  may  now,  and  at  all  times  hereafter, 
see  fit,  and  take  private  property  to  any  extent,  for 
the  purpose. 

The  Legislature  could  not  have  intended  to  confer 
upon  the  city  a  power  so  unlimited  ;  and  indeed  it  may 
well  be  doubted  whether  they  could  constitutionally 
make  such  a  grant. 

The  laying  of  a  new  pipe  along  the  line  of  the  pres- 
ent works,  it  seems  to  me,  is  within  the  limits  of  the 
authority  conferred  upon  the  city  by  the  water  act. 
The  easement  originally  taken  included  not  only  the 
right  to  lay  the  pipes,  but  the  right  to  dig  up  the  soil 
for  the  purposes  of  repair,  and  to  do  all  other  things 
necessary  to  the  preservation  and  maintenance  of  the 
works.  I  do  not  doubt,  therefore,  that  the  city  may 
rightfully  substitute  new  and  larger  pipe  for  the  old,  or 
lay  new  pipe  along  the  same  line,  to  any  extent  the 
public  convenience  may  require. 

Very  respectfully  your  obt.  serv't, 

J.  P.  Healy. 

To  John  H.  Wilkins, 

Chairman  of  the  Cochihiate  Water  Board. 

From  this  opinion  we  felt  confident  that  there  was  a 
luay,  and  for  anything  we  knew,  the  hest  ivay,  by  which 
the  pipe  could  be  laid,  viz.,  to  follow  the  line  of  the  old 
pipes ;  and  we  did  not  hesitate  to  proceed  and  make 
contracts  for  the  necessary  pipe,  as  before  stated.  Still 
the   engineer,  in  making  his  estimates,  had  devised  a 


I860.]  WATER.  15 

diiferent  route ;  and  in  the  uncertainty  of  what  might 
finally  prove  the  most  desirable  route,  it  was  deemed 
prudent  to  give  seasonable  public  notice  that  applica- 
tion would  be  made  to  the  next  Legislature  for  power 
to  lay  the  pipe  over  any  route  deemed  best;  which 
notice  was  given,  and  the  application  duly  made. 

The  result  of  this  application  was  the  passage  of  the 
act  being  chapter  222  of  the  Blue  Book  of  last  year. 
This  act  gave  the  most  unlimited  freedom  to  the  city 
in  selection  of  the  route,  "  and  for  this  purpose  (said  city) 
may  take  and  hold,  by  purchase  or  otherwise,  any  lands 
or  real  estate  necessary  therefor."  In  the  passage  of  this 
bill  there  was  very  much  conversation  with  the  author- 
ities of  Brookline  and  Roxbury.  To  follow  the  old  pipe 
through  Roxbury,  would  require  severe  rock  cutting  in 
passing  over  Bumstead  Hill.  The  trench  would  not 
only  be  necessarily  very  deep,  (near  or  quite  12  feet) 
but  would  have  to  be  most  of  the  way  in  dangerous 
poximity  to  the  old  pipes,  including  the  hazard  of 
breaking  them  by  the  new  explosions.  And  besides, 
the  old  jDipes  were  laid  in  such  a  ziz-zag  manner  as  to 
require  them  to  be  crossed  probably  three  times  by  the 
new  pipe.  On  all  these  accounts,  besides  some  saving 
in  distance,  it  was  deemed  desirable  to  find  a  route  that 
would  pass  to  the  northward  of  this  hill ;  and  a  portion 
of  this  Board  went  out  and  selected  what  appeared  to 
them  at  the  time  the  most  desirable  line,  which  was  to 
come  over  the  Mill-dam  road  from  the  Punch  Bowl,  so 
called,  to  near  Appleton  Place,  and  thence  at  near  right 
angles,  follow  a  projected  new  street  across  land  of  Eben. 
Francis  and  others,  by  Ward's  Soap  Factory,  to  the 
Tremont   Road.      Tn   all    the    conversations   with   the 


16  CITY  DOCUMENT.  — No.   13.  [Jan., 

authorities  of  Brookline  and  Roxbnry,  and  before  the 
Committee  hearing  the  case,  this  was  the  route  pressed 
upon  their  attention  as  the  one  desirable  for  the  hue  of 
our  pipe;  and  none  other  was  suggested.  But  still  no 
scientific  and  accurate  measurement  of  this  route  had 
been  made,  and  no  vote  adopting  it  had  heen  passed,  and 
nothing  was  said  that  could  or  should  limit  the  city  to 
this  location,  if  a  still  better  one  should  suggest  itself; 
and  the  language  of  the  bill  as  before  quoted,  and  the 
additional  authority  to  "  lay  said  pipe  over  or  under 
any  water  course,  or  any  streets,  turnpike  roads,  rail- 
roads, highways,  or  other  ways,"  was  allowed  to  remain 
and  constitute  a  portion  of  this  act. 

This  bill  was  reported  in  the  House.  An  attempt 
was  made  to  engraft  upon  it  a  right  for  the  town  of 
Brookline  to  tax  the  property  of  the  city  lying  in  that 
town,  which  had  formerly  been  taken  for  the  Water 
Works.  But  this  effort,  after  full  discussion,  failed,  the 
bill  passed  and  was  sent  to  the  Senate  in  the  form  it 
was  reported  in  to  the  House.  In  the  Senate  the  bill 
was  taken  up  in  a  very  busy  day  —  believed  to  have 
been  the  last  of  the  session.  A  proviso  in  these  words 
was  moved  by  a  Senator  from  Brookline,  viz.  (follow- 
ing the  words  first  quoted  above),  ''■Provided,  all  lands 
so  taken  and  held,  or  that  are  now  held  by  virtue  of 
any  former  act,  shall  be  liable  to  taxation."  Without 
opportunity  for  discussion,  this  amendment  was  adopted, 
the  bill  hurried  through  its  stages  under  suspension 
of  the  rules,  and  returned  to  the  House.  Here  it  came 
up  in  the  evening  session,  the  speaker's  table  being 
loaded  with  papers  pressing  for  action,  the  amendment 
was  hastily  put,  and  as  hastily  and  impatiently  passed, 


I860.]  WATER.  17 

thus  reversing  the  decision  of  the  House,  when  the 
question  was  fairly  up  before.  Before  this  act  could 
take  effect,  it  was  requisite  that  it  should  be  accepted 
by  the  City  Council  of  the  City  of  Boston. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  this  proviso  not  only  author- 
ized the  town  of  Brookline  to  tax  the  land  originally 
taken  for  the  Water  Works  in  that  town,  but  empow- 
ered all  the  towns  on  the  line  up  to  the  lake  to  do  the 
same  thing  —  not  restraining  even  Pramingham,  Natick 
and  Wayland,  to  each  of  which  towns  we  had  just  before 
engaged  to  pay  a  substantial  compensation  for  exemp- 
tion from  precisely  this  taxation.  By  accepting  this 
act,  the  City  of  Boston  would  have  laid  itself  at  the 
mercy  of  the  towns  to  tax  on  property  which  had  cost 
more  than  $200,000.  Of  course  such  acceptance  was 
not  to  be  thought  of 

Such  being  the  result  of  legislation  on  this  matter, 
we  abandoned  all  idea  of  taking  any  but  the  old  route 
as  the  only  lawful  one  open  to  us.  But  from  some 
cause  not  well  understood  by  this  Board,  and  for  rea- 
sons to  which  this  Board  did  not  attach  much  impor- 
tance, an  unquiet  feeling  was  engendered  in  the  City 
Government  in  relation  to  this  route,  and  an  order 
making  inquiry  of  this  Board  why  the  originally  con- 
templated route  was  abandoned,  was  passed  and  sent  to 
this  Board.  An  appropriate  answer  was  returned, 
stating  in  substance  that  we  could  go  lawfully  in  no 
other  way. 

About  this  time  the  idea  that  we  might  make  a  pri- 
vate arrangement  with  the  Mill-dam  Corporation  to 
pass  under  their  road,  received  attention ;  and  in  order 
to  see  what  could  be  accomplished  in  that  direction,  the 
3 


18  CITY  DOCUMENT.  — No.  13.  [Jan., 

president  took  occasion  to  sound  the  agent  of  that 
company  on  the  subject.  His  first  reply  was  of  a  char- 
acter to  inspire  no  hope  that  an  arrangement  satisfac- 
tory to  us  could  be  expected.  On  a  subsequent  meet- 
ing, the  agent  said  he  would  consult  the  directors,  and 
name  their  deliberate  price.  In  a  few  days  we  received 
a  proposal  in  writing,  to  sell  the  City  a  ivarranted  right 
of  way  or  easement  to  lay  our  pipes  from  Washington 
street  in  Brookline  to  Charles  street  in  Boston  for 
$25,000.  This  Board  then  went  into  some  calculations 
upon  the  distance  that  would  be  saved,  and  the  probable 
saving  in  rock-cutting,  by  adopting  this  route,  and  con- 
cluded that  it  would  be  advisable  to  commence  a  ne- 
gotiation on  this  basis.  It  was  finally  agreed  that  the 
Mill-dam  Corporation  should  give  a  warrantee  deed 
authorizing  the  City  to  pass  under  their  road  for  $20,000, 
the  title  to  be  made  satisfactory  to  the  City  Solicitor. 
But  it  was  at  once  discovered  by  the  City  Solicitor  that 
the  Corporation  could  give  no  valid  title.  It  had  already 
deeded  away  to  the  Commonwealth  all  its  interest  and 
fee  in  the  road,  reserving  only  the  franchise  of  using 
it  and  taking  toll  thereon  till  May  1st,  1863.  On  learn- 
ing this,  the  bargain  was  given  up,  and  the  offer  of  war- 
rantee was  withdrawn  by  the  Corporation.  The  plan 
was  abandoned,  and  men  were  set  to  work  laying  pipe 
on  the  Tremont  road  in  Roxbury.  About  100  feet 
having  already  been  laid  at  the  other  end  near  Rox- 
bury line  in  Brookline. 

Still  the  matter  was  one  of  deep  solicitude  to  this 
Board.  We  were  satisfied  that  much  saving  would  be 
made  by  passing  over  the  Mill-dam,  and  also  much 
time.     It  was  manifest  also,  that  popular  sentiment  was 


I860.]  WATER.  19 

strongly  in  favor  of  this  route.  We  also  considered 
the  probability  of  interference  from  the  State,  when  it 
should  be  found  that  we  were  trespassing  on  her  rights  ; 
and  for  reasons  which  will  be  alluded  to  in  the  sequel, 
we  did  not  think  this  circumstance  worthy  of  great 
weight.  It  was  concluded  therefore  that  a  fresh  ne- 
gotiation should  be  opened  with  the  Mill-dam  Corpora- 
tion to  give  us  such  privileges  and  powers  as  they  could 
give  by  quit  claim  deed ;  and  for  this  we  proposed  to 
give  $10,000.  This  was  at  once  refused,  and  it  was 
supposed  the  matter  was  ended.  But  by  this  time, 
several  persons  became  interested  in  the  question, — 
some  who  felt  very  averse  to  our  going  over  Bumstead's 
Hill  to  Koxbury  ;  some  interested  in  the  Mill-dam,  were 
desirous  that  that  route  should  be  taken,  and  others, 
purchasers  of  Back  Bay  lands,  thought  that  this  route 
would  give  popularity  to  the  Back  Bay  project,  and 
give  impetus  to  the  sale  and  occupancy  of  the  premises. 
At  this  point  of  dead-lock,  when  we  had  made  our  last 
offer,  and  it  had  been  promptly  declined,  a  mutual 
friend  passed  between  the  parties,  and  it  was  finally 
agreed  to  take  the  right  with  a  quit  claim  deed,  and 
pay  therefor  the  sum  of  twelve  thousand  five  hundred 
dollars.  An  additional  $500  was  paid  the  Water  Power 
Company  for  drawing  down  the  water  so  as  to  accom- 
modate the  laying  of  the  pipes.  Thus  ended  this  ne- 
gotiation, and  decided  the  route  to  be  over  the  Mill- 
dam.  In  the  mean  time,  nearly  or  quite  800  feet  of 
pipe  had  been  laid  under  Tremont  road,  and  100  at  the 
other  end  of  the  route,  all  which  had  to  be  taken  up. 

At  this  point,  a  new  question  came  up,  viz.,  whether 
we  should  proceed  and  lay  the  pipe,  or  break  off  and  get 


20  CITY  DOCUMENT.  — No.  13.  [Jan., 

authority  from  the  Commonwealth  to  use  this  road-bed 
before  proceeding  with  it.  In  the  first  place,  it  would 
cost  a  large  sum  to  break  off  and  disperse  the  employees 
and  violate  engagements  for  the  season.  Probably 
$10,000  was  a  low  estimate  for  this.  Then  if  the  con- 
tract with  Messrs.  Starr  should  be  broken,  untold  dam- 
ages might  be  claimed  by  them.  If  the  pipe  came 
forward  and  were  not  used,  they  would  have  to  be 
stored,  and  twice  carted.  So  that  in  all  it  was  supposed 
$20,000  or  $25,000,  would  be  a  low  estimate  of  dam- 
ages from  delay.  And  as  to  the  length  of  this  delay,  it 
was  entirely  problematical.  Though  the  Legislature  was 
to  assemble  in  a  few  months  to  revise  the  Statutes,  it  was 
supposed  that  it  would  not  attend  to  other  business ; 
and  if  deferred  to  next  Legislature  it  was  doubtful 
what  turn  the  matter  might  take,  and  the  delay  might 
be  interminable.  We  therefore  determined,  with  a  great 
degree  of  unanimity,  to  proceed  with  the  work  with  all 
convenient  dispatch. 

The  laying  of  this  new  pipe  was  commenced  late  in 
March,  a  few  days  only  before  the  breach  in  Needham, 
and  was  completed  so  far  as  to  connect  with  the  old  30 
inch  pipe  on  the  Common,  on  the  24th  day  of  December. 
Adverse  storms  and  winds  keeping  back  two  or  three 
freights  late  in  the  season,  retarded  the  work  for  a 
week  or  two,  and  those  very  severe  ones.  When  the 
water  was  let  on,  a  leakage  discovered  itself  in  a  deep 
stone-cutting  in  Brookline,  —  nearly  in  the  very  worst 
place  in  which  it  could  occur.  On  Christmas  day  and 
the  two  following  nights  and  days,  the  labor  of  uncov- 
ering the  pipes,  finding  and  repairing  the  leak,  was  ex- 
tremely severe  and  trying.     The  cold  was  intense  and 


I860.]  WATER.  21 

unceasing  ;  and  the  exposure  of  the  men  to  the  cutting 
wind  was  almost  unendurable.  It  was  very  difficult  to 
make  the  lead  run  and  to  drive  the  joints  so  as  to  make 
them  perfectly  tight.  This,  however,  was  finally  ac- 
complished, and  with  the  exception  of  a  very  small 
leak  upon  the  Mill-dam,  easily  repaired.  The  whole 
work  appears  to  be  sound  and  tight.  The  further  ex- 
tension of  this  will  be  accomplished  in  the  spring  ;  all 
the  pipes  necessary  therefor  have  been  obtained. 

The  length  of  this  pipe  is  22,418  feet,  or  a  few  rods 
short  of  4:^  miles.  About  6  inches  were  lost  in  each 
pipe  by  overlapping  at  the  joints.  The  whole  cost  thus 
far  has  been  only  $270,276  26  —  estimated  at  $e500,000, 
and  $400,000,  were  appropriated. 

In  this  connection,  perhaps  better  than  in  any  other, 
it  may  be  stated  that  the  Water  Works  are  divided  into 
two  great  divisions :  1st.  The  eastern,  embracing  the 
pipe-yard,  reservoirs,  and  all  the  pipes  laid  in  the  city 
and  out  of  it,  as  far  as  the  Brookline  Reservoir,  and  also 
at  Newton ;  2d.  The  western  division,  embracing  the 
Brookline  Reservoir,  and  the  conduit  extending  to  the 
lake,  the  lake,  gate-house,  dams,  and  all  matters  apper- 
taining to  the  Water  Works  in  that  locality.  Of  the 
first,  Mr.  Stanwood  is  the  employee  of  this  Board  as 
superintendent,  and  has  been  the  practical  operator  in 
the  job  of  laying  all  the  new  pipe,  both  large  and  small, 
of  the  season.  Of  the  second,  Mr.  Knowlton  has  been 
the  superintendent,  and  has  been  the  practical  operator 
in  the  work  done  at  the  lake  and  at  Newton  Lower 
Falls,  except  the  laying  of  the  pipe.  It  is  but  matter 
of  the  simplest  justice  for  this  Board  to  state,  that  these 
gentlemen  have  executed  their  respective  trusts  with 


22  CITY  DOCUMENT.  — No.  13.  [Jan., 

singular  fidelity,  assiduity,  promptness  and  success  dur- 
ing the  past  season ;  that  this  Board  has  derived  much 
aid  from  the  practical  knowledge  and  skill  possessed 
by  them  in  all  matters  relating  to  their  respective  trusts. 
It  is  not  obvious  how  their  places  could  be  adequately 
and  satisfactorily  supphed.  Mr.  Jones,  also,  Mr.  Stan- 
wood's  assistant  in  laying  the  new  main,  exhibited  traits 
of  skill,  judgment,  and  efficiency,  which  gained  for  him 
the  high  regard  of  the  Board.  He  appears  to  be  wor- 
thy of  a  better  position  than  this  Board  has  at  its  dis- 
posal. 

Permit  us  here  again  to  revert  more  particularly  to 
the  interests  and  rights  of  the  Commonwealth  in  rela- 
tion to  the  right  of  way  which  we  have  taken  under 
the  Mill-dam. 

In  the  published  fifth  Annual  Report  of  the  Commis- 
sioners of  the  Back  Bay  lands,  being  Senate  Document 
No.  17,  1857,  there  are  several  appended  documents 
which  appear  to  exhibit  the  full  relations  of  the  Com- 
monwealth to  the  Mill-dam  Corporation  and  to  the  pub- 
lic. In  the  paper  marked  F,  which  purports  to  be  a 
copy  of  Indenture,  Dec.  30,  1856,  between  the  Com 
monwealth  and  Boston  and  Roxbury  Mill  Corporation, 
(which  latter  is  the  Mill-dam  Corporation)  it  is  stated 
that  by  a  previous  indenture  (a  copy  of  which  is  not 
given)  "made  and  concluded  June  9,  A.  D.  1854,  be- 
tween the  parties  hereto,"  it  was  stipulated  that  said 
(Mill)  Corporation  shall  and  will  surrender  to  the  said 
Commonwealth,  its  franchise  of  toll,  together  with  its 
right  of  way  over  the  Mill-dam  and  Cross-dam,  and  over 
all  bridges  and  reads,  as  said  roads  are  now  constructed, 
connected  with  or  leading  to  either  of  said  dams,  when- 


I860.]  WATER.  23 

ever  certain  events  therein  occur ;  or  at  the  expiration 
of  ten  years  from  the  first  of  May,  1853," — that  is,  after 
the  1st  of  May,  1863.  We  have  not  the  means  of  know- 
ing precisely  what  the  "  certain  events  "  here  alluded 
to  as  contingent  really  were,  but  we  suppose  them  to 
be  of  no  importance ;  and  that  the  period  of  surrender 
is  absolutely  fixed  May  1,  1863. 

"We  proceed  to  quote  stipulations  of  the  indenture,  F. 
"It  is  agreed  by  and  between  the  parties  hereto, 
that  said  above  described  dams  and  roads,  and  the 
bridges  connected  therewith,  shall  be  forever  open  as 
public  highways,  free  from  all  toll  from  and  after  May  1, 
1863."     Again: 

"  Now  in  consideration  of  the  covenants,  agreements 
and  releases  herein  set  forth,  the  said  Boston  and  Eox- 
bury  Mill  Corporation  doth  hereby  release,  remise  and 
forever  quit  claim  to  the  said  Commonwealth  and  its 
assigns,  all  the  right,  title  and  interest  of  said  Corpora- 
tion in  and  to  the  foregoing  described  dams  and  roads, 
with  all  its  rights  in  and  to  the  land,  flats  and  channels, 
with  the  bridges  as  above  defined  and  described,  and 
appertaining  in  all  or  either  of  said  dams  and  roads,  with 
and  in  either  of  the  cities  of  Boston  or  Roxbury,  or 
either  of  the  towns  of  Brookline',  Brighton  or  Water- 
town.  It  being  expressly  understood,  however,  that  said  Mill 
Corporation  retains  and  expressly  reserves  all  the  rights  which 
it  now  has  hy  its  charter,  and  under  the  indenture  of  June 
9, 1854,  relative  to  its  right  of  way  and  franchise  of  toll,  and 
rights  necessary  and  convenient  to  the  full  enjoyment  of  said 
rights  of  franchise  of  toll,  in,  upon,  and  over  the  several 
dams,  roads  and  bridges  herein  before  described''  ...  To  have 
and  to  hold,  &c. 


24  CITY  DOCUMENT.  — No.  13.  [Jan., 

From  these  extracts  it  appears  that  a  stipulation  was 
entered  into  as  early  as  June  9, 1854,  that  the  Mill-dam 
would  surrender  its  property  to  the  Commonwealth  as 
early  as  May  1st,  1863;  and  that  said  surrender  was 
actually  accomplished  by  indenture  Dec.  30,  1856,  re- 
taining and  expressly  reserving  to  said  Corporation  all 
the  rights  which  it  now  has  by  its  charter  relative  to 
its  right  of  way  and  franchise  of  toll,  up  to  that  period. 
From  this  it  would  appear  that  the  Commonwealth  can- 
not interfere  rightfully  in  this  matter  until  that  time 
comes ;  and  if  the  charter  of  the  Corporation  were  a 
perpetual  one,  the  easement  granted  by  that  Corpora- 
tion would  also  be  perpetual.  Up  to  that  period,  there- 
fore, it  would  seem  to  be  plain,  that  under  our  contract 
with  the  Mill-dam  Corporation  we  are  in  rightful  pos- 
session of  the  road-bed  for  the  purpose  of  laying  the 
pipe.  But  after  the  expiration  of  that  time,  it  would 
seem  that  we  may  be  found  trespassing  upon  the  abstract 
rights  of  the  State. 

What  then  may  be  the  consequence  of  this  trespass, 
four  years  hence,  when  the  Commonwealth  comes  into 
the  full  exercise  of  its  rights  in  the  Mill-dam  for  a  pub- 
lic highway,  forever  to  be  kept  open  and  free  from 
tolls? 

"We  have  stated  under  what  urgent  circumstances  the 
trespass  was  made.  It  was  done  under  the  pressure  of 
a  great  public  exigency  —  an  exigency  which  has  hith- 
erto appealed  successfully  to  the  Legislature  for  the  ex- 
ercise of  its  power  of  eminent  domain.  It  was  for  an 
object  having  the  most  useful  ends  in  view  —  the  very 
best  interests  of  society  and  of  humanity  were  within 
its  embrace.     The  trespass  was  a  measure  that  could 


I860.]  WATER.  25 

injure  no  one,  but  was  the  means  of  benefit  to  multi- 
tudes, and  to  no  one  interest  more  than  to  that  pertain- 
ing to  the  Commonwealth  itself. 

To  show  that  this  Board  were  not  unmindful  of  its  po- 
sition, and  the  proprieties  pertaining  to  it,  the  President 
took  occasion  to  consult  the  Commissioners  on  the  Back 
Bay  lands,  as  the  body  having  the  most  direct  charge 
of  the  State's  interest  in  the  matter.  He  spoke  to  Mr, 
Hale  on  the  subject,  who  requested  him  to  meet  the 
Board  who  were  to  hold  a  session  on  the  next  day. 
He  did  so,  where  he  found  Mr.  Hale  and  Mr.  Purdy,  a 
quorum  of  the  Board.  The  point  was  brought  up 
and  very  freely  discussed,  whether  there  could  be  any 
reasonable  objection  on  the  part  of  the  Commonwealth. 
The  opinion  of  both  Commissioners  was  fully  ex- 
pressed, that  so  far  from  there  being  on  the  part  of  the 
State  any  objection,  in  the  view  that  a  leading  object 
of  taking  this  particular  route  was  to  supply  the  lands 
of  the  Commonwealth  and  others,  it  was  thought  that 
this  should  and  would  find  favor  with  the  Legislature. 
They  both  spoke  as  encouragingly  as  they  ought  to 
have  done  in  their  office. 

The  President  was  also  desirous  of  consulting  the  At- 
torney-General on  the  subject ;  and  for  this  purpose 
called  four  several  times,  at  least,  at  his  public  or  private 
ofiice.  But  he  was  not  in,  and  the  time  of  deciding 
the  question  pressing  upon  us,  no  further  effort  to  see 
him  was  made. 

In  the  worst  aspect  of  this  case  what  may  be  the 

result  of  this  trespass  if  the  State  object  to  it  ?     We  do 

not  see  but  two  results,  either  a  claim  for  damages,  or 

a  mandamus  to  take  up   the   pipe.      If  damages  are 

4 


26  CITY  DOCUMExNT.  — No.   13,  [Jan., 

claimed,  and  if  they  are  assessed  as  is  usual,  by  a  jury, 
it  is  not  obvious  why  the  City  should  not  pay  them. 
But  the  idea  of  claiming  compensation  for  using  a  street 
under  which  pipes  are  lawfully  laid  is  a  novel  one, 
and  it  is  believed  has  never  been  thought  of  Though 
of  late  years  the  City  of  Boston  has  been  in  the  habit 
of  acquiring  the  fee  of  the  streets  it  has  laid  out  or 
widened,  yet  there  are  doubtless  scores  of  miles  of 
streets  in  this  city  where  the  water  pipes  are  laid,  the 
fee  of  which  is  in  the  abutters.  And  the  same  is  doubt- 
liess  true  of  other  cities  and  towns  in  the  Commonwealth, 
where  water  pipes  or  gas  pipes,  or  both  are  laid  under 
legislative  authority.  But  did  ever  a  man  suppose  that 
an  abutter  was  entitled  to  damages,  because  he  was  the 
owner  of  the  fee  under  the  street  where  a  pipe  was 
lawfully  laid  ?  That  is  exactly  the  position  of  the 
Commonwealth  in  relation  to  the  Mill-dam.  It  is  the 
owner  of  the  fee  of  a  public  highway,  and  nothing  else ; 
for  the  condition  that  it  owns  it  all  is,  that  it  shall  for- 
ever remain  a  highway  But  the  damage  'per  se  to  the 
owner  of  the  fee  in  such  cases,  is  just  the  same  whether 
the  pipe  be  laid  hivfiilly  or  unlawfully ;  and  if  in  lawful 
cases  a  claim  for  damage  never  was  made,  it  surely  is 
not  to  be  expected  that  such  a  claim  will  be  made  and 
sustained  merely  because  the  laying  was  a  trespass,  but 
no  injury  done. 

The  second  visible  result  of  this  trespass  may  be 
a  mandamus,  or  injunction  to  take  up  the  pipe.  The 
Commonwealth  being  hypothetically  above  all  law,  may 
undoubtedly  exercise  such  a  power,  unenlightened  and 
unguided  by  rational  ends  and  useful  purposes,  and 
may  adopt  such  a  measure.     But  it  is  not  to  be   ex- 


18t>0.]  WATER.  27 

pected.     It  is  hardly  possible  in  the  full  blaze  of  the 
civilization  of  the  age. 

Feeling  desirous  that  this  technical  trespass  should 
be  healed  as  quickly  and  quietly  as  practicable,  the 
President  of  this  Board  introduced  into  the  last  Legisla- 
ture an  order  "  that  the  Committee  on  the  Back  Bay 
Lands  be  instructed  to  inquire  into  the  expediency  of 
further  legislation  in  order  to  supply  the  Back  Bay 
Lands  with  pure  water."  That  Committee  was  made 
acquainted  with  the  object  of  the  order,  and  the  actual 
condition  of  the  work,  and  was  satisfied  with  it,  and  re- 
ported the  annexed  bill,  which  was  prepared  by  the 
City  Solicitor,  to  the  Senate ;  which  was  printed,  had 
its  several  separate  readings,  and  passed  without  any 
opposition. 

AN  ACT 

Relative  to   supplying  the   Back   Bay    Lands  with  the 
CocHiTUATE  Water. 

Be   it  enacted  by   the    Senate  and   House   of  Representatives  in 
General  Court  assembled,  and  by  the  authority  of  the  same,  as 
follows :  — 

Section  1.  For  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  city  of  Boston 
to  supply  the  Back  Bay  Lands,  and  other  parts  of  said  city, 
with  pure  fresh  water,  the  said  city  of  Boston  is  hereby  au- 
thorized to  lay  and  maintain  all  water  pipes  that  may  be 
necessary  or  convenient,  under  the  road-bed  of  the  Mill-dam, 
and  the  Brookline  branch  thereof,  from  Charles  street,  in  the 
city  of  Boston,  to  Washington  street,  in  the  town  of  Brook- 
line,  and  to  connect  said  pipes  with  the  other  water  pipes  and 
conduits  of  said  city,  in  such  manner  as  may  be  convenient : 
provided,  however,  that  the  said  city  of  Boston  shall  not,  by 
virtue   of  this   act,   take  or  use  any  land  or  easement  not 


28  CITY  DOCUMENT.  — No.  13.  [Jan., 

belonging  to  the  Commonwealth,  without  the  consent  of  the 
owner  thereof. 

Sect.  2.  This  act  shall  take  effect  from  and  after  its 
passage. 

Tt  will  be  noticed  that  no  more  harmless  bill  could 
be  framed,  as  it  particularly  excluded  all  power  to  in- 
terfere with  private  or  corporate  rights.  When  this 
bill  came  up  in  the  House,  a  motion  was  made,  without 
any  reason  assigned,  that  it  be  laid  on  the  table.  And 
in  a  short  time  after,  it  was  taken  from  the  table  and 
recommitted  without  any  instructions  and  without  any 
declared  object.  The  gentleman  representing  Brook- 
line,  subsequently  met  the  Committee  at  a  hearing  on 
the  subject,  and  objected  to  it  on  the  ground  that  the 
requisite  power  was  already  given  in  the  act  of  the 
previous  session,  which  authorized  the  towns  on  the  line 
to  impose  taxes ;  and  that  all  the  city  had  to  do  was  to 
accept  that  act.  Whether  this  representation  had 
weight  with  the  Committee,  is  not  known.  But  the 
Committee  retained  the  bill  more  than  two  months 
in  its  hands,  and  then  without  note  or  comment  recom- 
mended that  the  subject  be  referred  to  the  next  Gen- 
eral Court  —  which  report  was  accepted. 

Such  a  disposition  of  sach  a  matter,  after  such  delay, 
is  an  inauspicious  circumstance.  A  case  so  plain,  would 
seem  to  be  disarmed  of  all  opposition.  The  Committee 
saw  its  bearing  and  its  importance,  and  promptly  re- 
ported the  bill.  Why  it  should  subsequently  get  into 
any  doubt  about  it,  is  unaccountable. 

As  such  legislation,  or  want  of  legislation,  may  indi- 
cate an  unfriendly  and  unfavorable  state  of  feeling  in 
regard  to  the  subject  matter,  it  seems  now  to  be  of 


1860.J  WATER.  29 

some  importance  that  the  pohcy  of  the  State  in  regard 
to  it  should  be  developed  at  an  early  day.  In  seeking 
legislation  on  this  subject,  the  interests  of  the  State 
should  be  pressed  quite  as  strongly  as  those  of  the  city. 
It  will  be  noticed  that  the  title  of  the  bill  is  for  supply- 
ing the  Back  Bay  Lands  with  Cochituate  water- 
Some  objection  has  been  made  to  this,  that  it  seems 
to  be  attaining  city  ends  by  cover  of  State  interests. 
But  a  moment's  consideration  will  divest  the  subject  of 
this  overt  character.  The  Back  Bay  Lands  are  not 
only  the  lands  of  the  Back  Bay  owned  by  the  State, 
but  they  are  also  all  the  lands  that  were  ever  covered 
by  the  waters  of  the  Back  Bay,  and  would  be  now  so 
covered  if  the  Mill-dam  were  removed.  Instead  of  the 
patch  owned  by  the  Commonwealth  merely,  the  term 
properly  embraces  thousands  of  acres,  belonging  to 
the  Water  Power  Company  and  sundry  individual  ri- 
parian proprietors.  And  when  it  is  considered  that  in 
all  probability  all  this  region  of  both  flats  and  marshes 
is  destined  to  be  filled  and  builded  upon,  and  that  the 
same  will  be  supplied  with  water  from  this  identical 
main  pipe,  it  surely  cannot  be  regarded  as  in  any  sense 
an  inappropriate  title  to  a  bill  so  pregnant  with  future 
benefit  to  such  a  vast  region  that  it  is  entitled  a  bill 
for  that  very  purpose. 

So  intimately  however  are  the  immediate  interests  of 
the  Commonwealth  bound  up  in  the  matter  of  laying 
this  pipe,  that  its  policy  in  regard  to  it  ought  at  once 
to  be  indicated,  especially  as  the  matter  has  been 
brought  to  its  notice.  If  the  State  manifest  a  disposi- 
tion to  withhold  such  action  as  will  legalize  this  laying, 
it  would  seem  to  be  time  for  the  city  to  consider  what 


3  ,  CITY  DOCUMENT.  —  No.  13.  [Jan., 

course  it  would  be  proper  to  take  in  such  a  contin- 
gency. The  city  has  laid  these  pipes  in  good  faith  with 
a  view  of  supplying,  among  others,  the  lands  owned  by 
the  State,  and  thus  giving  value  to  those  lands.  If  she 
does  not  approve  of  this  method,  surely  she  cannot  be 
so  unreasonable  as  to  expect  that  the  old  works  will 
be  tapped  for  that  object ;  and  the  alternative  may 
fairly  be  anticipated  of  receiving  water  for  her  lands 
from  this  pipe  exclusively  or  going  without  any.  And 
it  may  be  well  for  both  buyers  and  sellers  of  Back 
Bay  Lands,  whether  belonging  to  the  State  or  to  indi- 
viduals to  at  once  consider  the  effect  of  this  alternative 
upon  the  lands  they  are  buying  or  selling,  and  be  gov- 
erned in  their  transactions  accordingly.  It  seems  to 
this  Board  to  be  too  much  for  the  Commonwealth  to 
ask  of -the  city  to  supply  this  region  with  water  from 
any  other  and  far  more  inconvenient  main ;  and  can 
hardly  with  reason  expect  that  the  city  will  eventually 
distribute  to  these  lands  any  of  the  Cochituate  water 
which  does  not  pass  through  this  new  main. 

We  have  been  particular  in  going  into  the  doings  of 
the  Board  in  this  matter,  and  the  reasons  which  have 
governed  us.  Perhaps  it  may  appear  to  others  use- 
lessly and  tediously  so.  But  as  it  is  an  unfinished  mat- 
ter, the  result  of  which  cannot  be  foreseen,  we  were 
desirous  of  putting  ourselves  right  before  both  the  city 
and  the  State ;  and  of  stating  the  facts  of  the  case  while 
they  were  fresh  in  the  memory,  even  at  the  risk  of 
tediousness.  We  therefore  now  gladly  revert  to  other 
topics  of  this  report. 

The  daily  consumption  of  water  during  the  last  year 
has  been  (as  appears  by  the  City  Engineer's  Report) 


I860.]  WATER.  31 

13,175,000  wine  gallons  — last  year  12,847,000;  differ- 
ence, 228,000.  Last  year  the  consumption  was  esti- 
mated at  721  gallons  for  each  individual,  estimating  the 
number  at  178,000.  If  the  number  be  taken  for  last 
year  at  183,000,  the  number  of  gallons  consumed  by 
each  individual  is  72,  scarcely  varying  from  that  of 
1858  and  7.  It  seems  as  if  we  might  now  fairly  con- 
clude that  the  individual  consumption  had  come  to  its 
maximum,  —  the  variation  in  three  years  not  exceed- 
ing one  gallon. 

We  notice  that  a  petition  is  before  the  Legislature 
for  the  annexation  of  Charlestown.  Again  w^e  would 
warn  the  city  against  any  annexation  of  municipalities, 
that  would  or  might  subject  it  to  a  scarcity.  It  is  to  be 
hoped  that  the  great  additional  supply  brought  to  the 
city,  and  the  cheap  rate  at  which  it  is  supplied  for  me- 
chanical purposes,  will  give  a  new  impetus  to  mechanic 
arts  and  employments  —  thereby  not  only  making  sub- 
stantial contributions  to  annual  income,  but  in  other 
respects  contributing  to  the  welfare  and  prosperity  of 
the  city. 

Meters  have  been  purchased  and  applied  in  the  last 
year  more  numerously  than  in  any  previous  one.  Those 
of  Worthington's  construction  are  deemed,  when  made 
of  composition,  to  be  accurate,  reliable,  and  therefore 
satisfactory.  And  it  is  proposed  to  use  them  still  more 
extensively. 

Extension  of  the  Works.  Besides  the  new  main  and  its 
appendages,  there  have  been  laid  1,395  feet  of  12  inch 
pipe  against  2,689  inlaid  in  1858  ;  12,015  feet  of  6  inch 
against  6,877  in  1858  ;  and  1,630  feet  of  4  inch  against 
1,991  in  1858;  — in  all  15,040  feet  against  11,557  in 
1858.    So  that  besides  the  heavy  jobs  previously  noticed^, 


32  CITY  DOCUMENT.  — No.  13.  [Jan., 

the  works  have  been  largely  extended  in  the  past 
year  over  the  previous  one.  The  whole  length  of  pipe 
now  laid  is  equal  to  about  130  miles. 

The  number  of  new  stop-cocks  is  39,  making  the  whole 
number  now  1,085. 

The  number  of  new  service  pipes  is  938,  making  the 
whole  number  22,264. 

New  Hydrants  to  the  number  of  32  have  been  estab- 
lished during  the  year,  making  the  whole  number  now 
1,363. 

Many  other  interesting  details  in  relation  to  these 
matters  will  be  found  in  the  Report  of  the  City  Engi- 
neer, annexed. 

The  Annual  Report  of  the  Water  Registrar  is  annexed,  a 
concise  document,  well  worthy  of  reference. 

The  ivhole  amount  of  Receipts  is  $316,290  97,  or  $6,290  97 
over  the  estimate  at  the  beginning  of  the  year.  The 
estimate  of  the  Water  Registrar  for  1860  is  $325,000 ; 
but  under  the  increased  use  of  meters,  and  the  newly 
raised  tariff  of  water-rates,  we  shall  be  disappointed  if  it 
do  not  exceed  $330,000. 

The  table  containing  the  usual  classification  of  water- 
takers  is  here  omitted,  as  the  condensed  manner  in 
which  the  Registrar's  Report  is  made  up,  renders  all 
information  therein  contained  readily  accessible. 

The  tvhole  number  of  imter-takers  is  now  23,271,  being 
an  increase  over  January  1,  1859,  of  1,057. 

The  report  of  the  Clerk  of  this  Board,  or  the  service 
clerk,  is  hereto  annexed,  exhibiting  the  whole  receipts 
and  expenditures  of  the  year.  The  whole  expenditure  is 
$385,652  47.  Of  this  $266,682  95  was  for  the  new 
main,  and  for  the  extension  of  the  works  $74,500  52 — 
$341,183  47;  leaving  $44,469,  as  the  expenses  of  the 


I860.]  WATER.  3^ 

year.  But  out  of  this  is  to  be  taken  for  repairs  at  the 
lower  Falls  $15,380  73,  leaving  |29,088  27  as  the  actual 
current  expenses  of  the  department,  which  is  only 
$643  67  more  than  the  year  previous. 

In  the   extension  of  the  works  is  embraced  all  the 

money  spent  at  the  lake,  embracing  the  sums  paid  Fra- 

mingham,  Natick  and  Wayland,     -         -         $8,500  00 

Cost  of  raising  gate-house,  building  sea  wall, 

digging  down  the  hill,  and  raising  the  land, 

and  all  land  damage,  _        .        -  16,610  43 

$25,110  43 
The  expense  of  this  improvement  was  greater  than 
was  expected ;  but  it  seemed  to  be  required,  and  after 
all  has  cost  no  more  than  it  was  worth.  Taking  this  sum 
of  $25,110  43  from  $74,500  52,  the  whole  cost  of  exten- 
sion of  the  works,  and  the  remainder  $49,390  09  is  but 
$1,828  68  more  than  was  expended  for  extension  of  the 
works  in  1858,  though  near  4,000  feet  of  pipe  were  laid 
in  this  year  more  than  in  last. 

In  our  last  Report  we  took  the  occasion  to  point  out 
what  we  regarded  as  an  erroneous  mode  of  putting  the 
Water  debt  in  the  Auditor's  Annual  Report.  We  still 
think  our  remarks  were  correct,  and  that  the  Water 
debt  should  be  stated  in  conformity  to  the  mode  there 
pointed  out. 

All  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

JNO.   H.   WILKINS,  President. 
EBENEZER  JOHNSON, 
JOHN  T.  DINGLEY, 
SAM'L  HALL, 
EBENEZER  ATKINS, 
TISDALE  DRAKE, 
GEORGE  P.  FRENCH. 
5 


34  CITY  DOCUMENT.  — No.  13.  [Jan., 


RECEIPTS  AND   EXPENDITUEES. 


Statement  of  Expenditures  made  by  the  Cochituate  Water 
Board,  from  December  31st,  1858,  to  January  1st,  1860. 

Laying  Main  Pipe,  for  stock,  &c.       - 
"      Service  Pipe,  for  stock,  &c., 

Hydrants, 

Stopcocks,        - 

Blacksmith  Shop,  for  stock,  &c.. 

Plumbing,        ....... 

Proving  Yard,  for  stock  in  repair  shop,     - 
Pipe  Yard,  for  painting  buildings,  &c., 
Hydrant  and  Stopcock  Boxes, 

Repairing  Stopcocks, 

"        Meters, 

Travelling  Expenses, 

Taxes, 

Tolls  and  Ferriages, 

Fountains,        ....... 

Carting,  -         - 

Postage  and  Express, 

Tools, -        - 

Stationery,  (including  stationery  for  Water  Reg- 
istrar, and  Superintendents,) 
Rents,      ........ 

Laud  and  Water  Rights, 

Damage  in  streets,  &c., 

Oil, 

Amount  carried  forivard, 


$1,267 

04 

5 

50 

473 

15 

1,107 

89 

489 

50 

16 

52 

363 

98 

16 

62 

714 

34 

642 

00 

193 

87 

122 

38 

703 

29 

74 

36 

133 

74 

223 

72 

49 

70 

294 

06 

213 

55 

52 

00 

8,500 

00 

22 

25 

136 

90 

$15,816  36 

284 

09 

6,450 

12 

266,682 

95 

508 

98 

2,172 

87 

1,964 

31 

I860.]                                 WATER.  35 

Amount  brought  fonvard,  $15,816  36 
Printing,  (including  Water  Registrar  and  Super- 
intendents,)             235  47 

Miscellaneous  Expense,  (counsel  in  case  of  Sud- 
bury meadows,  expenses  of   the  Board,  &c.,) 

Meters,   -         - 

New  Main.    Whole  am't  drawn  for  269,776  36. 
Less  the  am't  drawn  for  in  1858,  3,093  41. 

Repairing  Main  Pipe, 

"         Service  Pipe, 

"         Streets,  ..... 

Aqueduct  Repairs,  (repairing  break  at  Newton 

Lower  Falls,  15,380  83,)      ...        -  16,391  44 
Lake,  (raising  the  Gate-house,  land  around  the 

Lake,  and  building  sea  walls,)       -         -         -  18,630  45 

Repairing  Hydrants, 1,428  79 

Salaries, 7,861  55 

Office  Expenses,  (including  rent,  fuel,  and  gas 

for  City  Engineer's  Office,)           -         -         -  1,917  20 

Off  and  on  Water, 2,475  46 

Wages,  Proving  Yard, 2,084  00 

"      Blacksmith  Shop,           ....  948  47 

"      Laying  Main  Pipe,         -         -         -         -  ^  3,955  58 

"          "       Service  Pipe,     -        -        -        -  3,740  40 

"      Plumbing  Shop, 517  62 

Beacon  Hill  Reservoir,  (for  labor,  &c.,)     -         -  425  54 

So.  Boston,           "             "         u       a         .         .  236  50 

East  Boston,        "             "         «       a         .         .  423  47 

Brookline,             "             (resetting  steps,  &c.,)  1,701   74 

Service  Pipe, 9,887  61 

Main  Pipe, 17,630  24 

Stable, 1,281  26 

$385,652  47 

Less  this  amount  drawn  for  new  Main,      -         -  266,682  95 

Amount  carried  forward,  $118,96952 


36  CITY  DOCUMENT.  — No.  13.  [Jan., 


Amount  brought  forward. 

$118,969 

52 

CASH   PAID    THE    CITY    TEEASURER. 

Received  rent  for  arches  under  B. 

H.  Reservoir,       .... 

$300  00 

Received  for  Land,  <fec.,  -        ... 

946  95 

"         '•'         "   Wood, 

635  98 

•'         "    Pipe,  and  Laying,  &c., 

1,850  12 

"         "  Off  &  on  Water,  1,378  00 

"         "     "     «    Waste,    270  00 

"         "     ''     "  nonpay- 

ment, 1,482  00 

$3,130  00 

Less  this  amount  for  Non 

Payment,     which     was 

paid  the  Treasurer,          1,482  00 

1,648  00 

Received  for  Old  Shanty,  &c.,  - 

104  40 

"         "   Pasture, 

29  00 

"         "   Stone, 

40  00        5,554  45 

Balance,    -        -        -        - 

-  $113,415  07 

EXTENSION    OF    THE 

WORK. 

Main  Pipe, 

17,630  24  $118,969 

52 

Service  Pipe, 

9,887  61 

Laying  Main  Pipe,  -         -         -         - 

1,267  04 

Hydrants, 

473  15 

Stopcocks, 

1,107  89 

Lake,  (raising  the   Gate-house,  land 

around  the  Lake,  and  building  sea 

walls,) 

16,610  43 

Hydrant  and  Stopcock  Boxes,  - 

350  00 

Carting,          .         .         .         .         . 

150  00 

Tools, 

294  06 

Amounts  carried  forward,                 $47,770  42  $118,969 

"52 

I860.]  WATER.  37 

Amounts  brought  forward,  $47,770  42  $118,969  52 

Oil,        -        -         -    .    -        -        -  50  00 

Wages,  Proving  Yard,      -         -         -  2,084  00 

"      Plumbing  Shop,    ...  350  00 

«      Blacksmith  Shop,          .         .  700  00 

"      Laying  Main  Pipe,        -         -  3,955  58 

"           "       Service  Pipe,    -         -  3,740  40 

Land  and  Water  Rights,  -         -         -  8,500  00 

Blacksmith  Shop,  for  stock,  &c.,        -  300  00 

Proving  Yard         "       "        "           -  200  00 

Meters, 6,050  12 

Brookline   Reservoir,    Screens,   and 
fitting  in,  preparing  for  new  Main, 

&c., 800  00       74,500  52 

Amount  of  this  Year's  Expense,       -         -        -      $44,469  00 
From  this  should  be  deducted  the  amount  paid 
for  repairs  of  the  Aqueduct  at  Newton  Lower 
Falls, 15,380  73 

Leaving  the  usual  Annual  Expense,  -         -      $29,088  27 


Expenditures  and    Receipts   on  account   of  the    Water 
Works,  to  January  1st,  1860. 

Amount  drawn  by  the  Commissioners,    -         -  $4,043,718  21 
"         ''  "      Water  Board,  1850,         -        366,163  89 


Amount  carried  forward, 


1851, 

141,309  23 

1852, 

89,654  20 

1853, 

89,854  03 

1854, 

80,182  35 

1855, 

63,866  33 

1856, 

81,429  35 

1857, 

96,931  25 

1858, 

76,006  01 

1859, 

-   385,652  47 

$5,514,767  32 

38  CITY  DOCUMENT.  — No.  13.  [Jan., 

Amount  brought  forward,  $5,514,7.67  32 

Amount  paid  the  City  Treasurer 

by  the  Commissioners,   -         -  $47,648  38 

Am't  paid  by  Water  Board,  1850,  8,153  52 

''              "         "  1851,  5,232  38 

'^              "         "  1852,  15,869  12 

"               •'         ''  1853,  4,621  40 

"               '<         ■'  1854,  12,423  29 

"               "         "  1855,  9,990  38 

"               "         "  1856,  7,840  43 

«               ''         "  1857,  13,750  00 

''              ''         '■  1858,  9,200  00 

"               '^        '^  1859,  5,554  00       140,282  90 

Sundry  Payments  by  the  City,         $52,065  94  $5,374,484  42 
Discount  and  Interest  on  Loans,  3,098,797  82     3,150,863  76 

$8,525,348  18 
Sundry  Credits  by  the  City,  $52,384  84 

Amount  rec'd  for  Water  Rates,    2,380,165  45     2,432,550  29 

$6,092,797  89 

SAMUEL  N.  DYER, 

Cleric  of  Cochituate  Water  Board. 


APPENDIX. 


CITY    ENGINEER'S    REPORT. 

Boston,  January  9th,  1860. 
Hon.  John  H.  Wilkins,  Pres.  of  the  Cochituate  Water  Board : 

Sir:  In  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the  Water 
Ordinance,  the  following  annual  report  of  the  general  condi- 
tion of  the  Water  Works  is  herewith  submitted. 

Everything  connected  with  the  line  of  conduit  was,  at  the 
commencement  of  the  year,  and  until  the  latter  part  of 
March,  in  its  usual  safe  and  reliable  condition ;  frequent 
examinations  having  been  made  of  the  whole  line  by  Mr. 
Knowlton. 

On  the  29th  of  March,  early  in  the  morning,  a  break  was 
discovered  in  the  pipes  and  conduit  on  the  westerly  side  of 
Charles  River.  Mr.  Ware,  a  resident  of  one  of  the  nearest 
houses,  on  seeing  it,  immediately  started  on  horseback  for 
the  lake,  a  distance  of  about  eight  miles,  to  notify  Mr. 
Knowlton,  who  immediately  shut  off  the  water  at  the  lake. 
As  the  break  occurred  before  daylight,  the  water  was  not 
shut  off"  until  the  gate-house  or  pipe  chamber,  a  portion  of  the 
conduit,  and  nearly  all  the  pipes  on  the  sloping  side  of  the 
hill,  had  been  broken  down  or  washed  away. 

Notice  having  been  brought  to  the  office,  the  City  Engineer 
immediately  started  for  the  scene  of  the  accident,  and,  acting 
under  that  clause  in  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Water 


2  APPENDIX. 

Board,  in  which  the  City  Engineer  is  required  to  "  take  imme- 
diate measures  for  the  repair  of  any  damage  which  may  happen 
to  the  aqueduct,  pipes,  reservoirs,  dams,  gate-houses,  and  all  other 
structures  or  property  belonging  to  the  Water  WorJcs,''  the  City 
Engineer  immediately  took  very  energetic  measures  for  mak- 
ing the  necessary  repairs. 

Persons  were  sent  in  various  directions  for  laborers, 
teams,  and  all  the  necessary  materials  of  bricks,  cement, 
pipes,  and  all  the  various  tools  requisite  for  the  repairs. 

As  would  naturally  be  expected  at  the  sight  of  the  hole  in 
the  hill,  of  perhaps  one  hundred  feet  long,  some  thirty  feet 
wide,  and  thirty  to  forty  deep,  very  serious  misapprehen- 
sions would  arise  as  to  the  time  necessary  for  making,  the 
repairs,  and  the  time  that  the  city  would  be  deprived  of 
water. 

The  pipe  chamber  was  originally  constructed  very  nearly 
on  the  verge  of  a  bluff,  composed  principally  of  sand  and  fine 
gravel,  and  the  pipes  were  laid  down  a  very  steep  inclined 
plane,  formed  of  this  material,  to  the  bridge  crossing  Charles 
Eiver. 

From  the  appearance  of  such  of  the  broken  pipes  as  could 
be  found  after  the  accident,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  it 
was  first  caused  by  a  slight  leak,  probably  a  crack,  in  one  of 
the  pipes.  A  little  water  running  down  by  the  pipes  would 
very  soon  wash  down  enough  sand  and  gravel  to  undermine 
them,  when,  having  nothing  to  support  them,  they  must,  of 
necessity,  break,  and,  one  of  them  once  broken,  such  a  torrent 
of  water  would  flow  from  it  as  to  wash  out,  in  a  very  short 
time,  a  very  large  hole  in  such  material  as  the  hill  was  com- 
posed of. 

As  the  hill  was  washed  away,  first  went  the  pipes,  then  the 
pipe  chamber,  and,  lastly,  portions  of  the  conduit,  until  the 
water  was  shut  off  at  the  lake. 

The  surface  of  the  ground  being  frozen,  and  the  water  from 
the  leak  following  down  by  the   side  of  the  pipes,  without 


APPENDIX.  6 

showing  on  the  surface,  would  be  suflScient  cause  of  the  leak 
not  having  been  discovered  the  previous  afternoon,  when  the 
spot  was  passed  over  for  inspection  by  Mr.  Knowlton. 

Most  probably,  the  leak  in  the  pipes  did  not  commence 
until  some  time  during  the  night. 

Instead  of  restoring  the  hill  to  its  original  shape,  the  new 
pipe  chamber  was  set  further  back  in  the  hill,  a  distance  of 
about  ninety  feet,  and  the  hole  filled  up  by  puddling  in  the 
gravel  and  sand  to  a  much  flatter  slope  than  formerly.  This 
process  of  puddling  in  was  chosen  in  preference  to  building 
up  piers  of  masonry  under  the  pipes,  because,  in  this  way,  the 
pipes  could  be  laid,  and  the  water  could  be  set  running  to 
the  city  again,  in  a  great  deal  less  time  than  it  would  have 
taken  to  build  up  brick  or  stone  piers.  The  filling  is 
now  quite  as  firm  and  solid  as  the  hill  ever  was  previous  to 
the  break ;  and,  because  of  the  greater  flatness  of  the  slope, 
it  is  now  much  less  likely  to  break  away  than  formerly. 

The  break  occurred  on  Tuesday,  the  29th  day  of  March, 
early  in  the  morning.  On  the  next  Thursday  morning,  the 
trench  was  filled  in  enough  to  receive  the  pipes.  On  the 
next  Saturday  night,  at  nine  o'clock,  one  line  of  pipes  was 
laid,  and  water  passed  through  it  to  the  city.  At  six,  P.  M., 
on  Sunday,  the  second  line  of  pipes  was  connected,  and  water 
passed  through  it  to  the  city ;  and  on  the  succeeding  Thurs- 
day, at  half  past  five,  P.  M.,  the  third  and  last  line  of  pipes 
was  connected,  and  the  water  was  flowing  through  all  the 
lines  of  pipes  to  the  city.  The  whole  time  from  the  break 
to  the  full  restoration  of  the  pipes,  conduit,  and  g^te  cham- 
ber, having  been  nine  and  one-half  days. 

A  very  great  amount  of  gravel  and  sand  was  washed  into 
the  river,  and,  for  a  short  time,  it  was  entirely  dammed  up, 
and  had  it  not  been  for  the  presence  of  mind  of  some  of  the 
neighbors,  who  set  themselves  immediately  at  work  to  open  a 
channel  through  it,  it  is  probable  that  the  river  would  have 
broken  through  the  line  of  pipes  laid  in  the  valley  or  around 
6 


4  APPENDIX. 

the  abutments  of  the  bridge.  In  either  case,  the  damage 
would  have  been  vastly  greater  than  it  was,  and  would  have 
taken  a  much  longer  time  to  repair.  All  those  gentlemen 
who  aided  in  opening  the  river,  deserve  the  heartfelt  thanks 
of  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  city. 

Messrs.  Knowlton  and  Stanwood,  Mr.  Bird,  the  Chief 
Engineer  of  the  Fire  Department,  and  many  other  persons, 
aided  very  efficiently  in  the  repairs  of  the  break. 

During  the  summer,  a  large  force  of  men  was  employed, 
under  the  personal  supervision  of  Mr.  Knowlton,  in  clearing 
out  the  river,  so  that  no  obstruction  would  be  made  to  the 
flow  of  water  to  the  mills,  by  the  accumulation  of  anchor  ice 
during  the  present  or  any  succeeding  winter. 

Waste  Water  at  the  Lake. 

On  the  23d  of  January,  the  lake  being  at  the  then  high 
water  mark,  the  waste  gate  was  raised,  and  water  flowed 
over  the  outlet  dam  at  a  depth  of  six  inches.  It  was  kept 
running  at  heights  varying  up  to  nine  inches,  until  early  in 
March,  when  the  gate  was  raised  to  allow  a  flow  of  from 
twenty  to  twenty-four  inches  over  the  outlet  dam ;  and  water 
was  allowed  to  waste  constantly  from  the  lake,  from  the  23d 
of  January  until  the  8th  of  July,  when  the  gate  was  shut 
down. 

During  this  time,  a  period  of  167  days,  the  total  waste 
amounted  to  7,569,000,000  gallons.  Had  we  the  means  of 
saving  it  for  use  when  wanted,  it  would  have  supplied  the 
city  with  an  average  of  20,700,000  gallons  daily,  for  the 
whole  year,  in  addition  to  the  daily  average  of  13,175,000 
gallons,  which  was  used  in  the  city. 

At  the  time  of  shutting  the  gate,  the  water  in  the  lake 
was  eleven  inches  above  original  high-water  mark.  The 
water  has  at  no  time  during  the  year  been  more  than  one 
foot  eight  inches  below  this  mark,  and  then  only  for  about 
three  days.  On  the  1st  of  January,  1860,  it  was  only  six 
inches  below  original  high-water  mark. 


APPENDIX.  0 

Raising  the  Gate-house  at  the  Lake. 

The  Legislature  passed  an  act  authorizing  the  raising  of 
the  dam  at  the  lake  in  April  last. 

During  the  past  season,  by  direction  of  your  Board,  the 
gate-house  at  the  lake  has  been  raised  a  height  of  four  feet 
eight  inches.  As  part  of  it  stood  over  the  lake,  it  was  con- 
sidered best,  and  cheapest  to  take  it  down,  and  after  raising 
the  floor  to  the  required  height,  to  re-lay  the  stones  of  the 
building  as  originally  constructed,  instead  of  endeavoring  to 
raise  it  on  screws. 

The  roads  near  the  gate  house  have  been  raised  two  feet, 
so  that  we  can  now  keep  the  water  in  both  divisions  of  the 
lake  at  a  height  of  ten  feet  above  the  floor  of  "  Knight's 
flume." 

New  forty-inch  Main. 

The  laying  of  the  new  40-inch  main  was  commenced  early 
in  the  spring,  and  a  junction  was  made  in  the  latter  part  of 
December  with  the  30-inch  main  crossing  the  Common. 

Its  continuation  to  join  with  the  other  30-inch  main  at  the 
corner  of  Boylston  and  Tremont  streets  will  be  made  the 
ensuing  season. 

The  junction  with  the  30-inch  main  on  the  Common,  has  so 
much  increased  the  supply  in  the  city,  that,  although  the 
weather  has  been  extremely  cold  for  some  ten  or  twelve  days 
past,  yet  there  has  been  very  little  lack  of  water  in  the  higher 
parts  of  the  city.  In  previous  winters  such  a  long  spell  of 
cold  weather  has  deprived  the  higher  portions  of  the  city  of 
water,  and  has.  entirely  drained  the  reservoirs. 

The  length  of  this  40-inch  pipe  as  laid  the  past  season,  is 
22,414  feet.  To  make  suitable  blow-offs  and  connections  with 
the  other  pipes  in  the  city,  and  also  to  make  arrangements  for 
other  connections  hereafter,  it  has  been  necessary  to  put  in 
three  40-inch  stop-cocks ;  one  30-inch  do. ;  one  20-inch  do. ; 
seven   16-inch  do.;  one   12-inch  do.;   and  four  of  4-inch  do. 


6  APPENDIX. 

Also   382  feet  of  IG-inch  pipes.     Other  stop-cocks  will  be 
required  when  the  final  connection  is  made  next  year. 

Corrosion  of  Pipes. 

Making  the  connection  of  this  line  of  pipes  with  the  30-inch 
has  given  us  another  opportunity  to  examine  the  amount  of 
corrosion  in  the  pipes. 

In  the  report  for  1858  the  corrosion  was  spoken  of  in  con- 
nection with  the  pipes  re-laid  on  Dover  street  bridge.  The 
corrosion  in  these  30-inch  pipes  did  not  appear  to  vary  essen- 
tially from  the  description  given  of  those  on  Dover  street 
bridge;  except  that  the  30-inch  pipes  were  the  most  uniformly 
covered. 

I  am  still  of  the  opinion  as  then  expressed,  "  that  the  cor- 
rosion is  very  energetic  at  first,  hut  that  it  gradually  decreases  in 
energy,  year  by  year." 


APPENDIX.  1 

Conduit. 
The  following  table  shows   the   diflferent  heights   at  which 
the  water  has  been  running,  and  the  number  of  days  in  each 
month  at  the  different  heights. 


HEIGHTS  IN    FEET  AND  INCHES. 

0.0 

2.6 

3.0 

4.2 

5.0 

5.10 

6.0 

6.4 

6.8 

7.0 

8.0 

NUMBER  OF  DAYS  IN   EACH    MONTH. 

8 

5 

16 
23 
13 
13 

7 

2 

5 

2 

6 

18 

30 

6 
1 

8 

Anril 

2 

1 

1 

1 
13 

Mav 

Julv, 

26 
26 
30 
19 
20 
9 

145 

5 
4 

1 

September, 

October,  

2 

9 

r 

1 

3 
2 

December, 

12 

ir 

8 
83 

2 

2 

1 

2 

14 

72 

12 

15 

It  will  be  seen  by  this  table  that  in  105  days  the  conduit 
has  been  empty,  or  run  less  than  full;  in  145  days  just  full, 
and  in  115  days  it  has  been  running  with  a  head  on  it  varying 
from  four  inches  to  one  foot  eight  inches. 

Six  feet  four  inches  is  the  full  height  of  the  conduit.  It  was 
originally  intended  to  carry  but  four  feet  four  inches  of  water. 
Should  we  keep  it  down  to  this  point,  we  should  come  far 
short  of  a  full  and  sufficient  supply. 


APPENDIX. 


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APPENDIX. 


9 


Loss  of  head  from  the  BrooMine  Reservoir  to  Beacon  Hill  and 
East  Boston  Reservoirs. 

The  effect  of  increased  consumption  of  water  in  the  city 
may  be  seen  by  reference  to  the  table  in  this  and  previous 
reports  of  average  annual  heights  of  water  in  the  reservoirs. 

A  synopsis  is  given  in  the  following  table. 


YEAR. 


Average  annual  heights  of  Water 
above  Marsh  Level  in 


Brookline 
Reservoir 


Beac'u  Hill 
Reservoir. 


E.  Boston 
Reservoir. 


H  0!  .=; 

OHO 

'Cog 
0)  £ 

H- 1    0)  Ph 

^   a  -- 

tn  3  ^5 

m     O   " 
'U    O    a 

o  t,  3 


^        > 
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1850, 
1851, 
1852, 

1853, 
1854, 
1855, 
1856, 
1857, 
1858, 
1859, 


123.16 
123.36 
123.67 
122.86 
123.65 
123.82 
123.66 
124.11 
124.63 
124.07 


119.04 
119.39 
116.60 
114.89 
115.69 
117.79 
116.15 
114.77 
116.00 
115.24 


105.06 
104.07 
104.91 
99.84 
97.49 
94.11 
94.18 
94.42 
94.05 


4.12 
3.97 
7.07 
7.97 
7.96 
6.03 
7.51 
9.34 
8.63 
8.83 


18.30 
19.60 
17.95 
23.81 
26.33 
29.55 
29.93 
30.21 
30.02 


Extreme  high  water  in  Brookline  Reservoir  is  124.6  feet. 


10 


APPENDIX. 


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APPENDIX. 


11 


Monthly  Fall  of  Rain,  in  inches,  in  1859. 


January,   

February, 

March,   

April, 

May,    

June,  

July,  

August, 

September,   

October, 

Noyember, 

December, 

Totals, 

_ 


5.64 
2.91 
10.95 
1.37 
3.46 
3.16 
0.99 
7.69 
4.56 
0.33 
3.55 
4.41 


49.02 


PLACES   AND  OBBEEVEKS. 


o      . 
o 

a. 


5.93 
4.05 
7.64 
3.36 
3.63 
7.89 
1.58 
4.72 
4.40 
8.28 
3.75 
6.47 


56.70 


o  <1> 


5.62 
2.86 
6.24 
2.76 
3.80 
5.83 
1.58 
3.98 
3.80 
2.32 
3.25 
5.47 


47.51 


o  o 

1-1  h^ 


4.99 
8.80 
6.66 
2.90 
3.43 
6.19 
1.20 
8.43 
3.94 
2.18 
.3.08 
6.61 


48.41 


83 
36 
32 
84 
03 
59 
64 
.96 
.80 
.05 
.18 


03 

O 

8.23 
6.48 
8.44 
2.36 
2.98 
6.81 
1.50 
5.39 
3.11 
3.68 
4.99 


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5.75 
1.85 
8.00 
2.28 
8.40 
7.06 
1.14 
3.69 
3.65 
2.62 
2.40 
3.45 


45.29 


12 


APPENDIX. 


Besides  the  iO-inch  pipes  laid,  the  following  is  a  statement  of  the  location,  size  and  num- 
ber of  feet  of  distributing  pipes  laid  in  the  year  1859 : 


In  what  Streets. 


Arlington, 

Upton, 

West  Chester, 

New  Devonshire,  . 
North  Charles,.... 

Northfield,  

Boylston, 

West  Canton, 

Worcester  Square, 

Lenox,  

Lehigh, 

Newton, 

Pembroke, 

Fuller, 

East  Concord,  ... . 
New  Devonshire,  . 
Arlington,. 

Worcester  Place,  . 
Jones'  Wharf,  .... 
Half  Moon  Place,. 
North  Charles,.... 


D, 

Eighth, 

Mercer,   

Seventh 

Ninth, 

Goddard, 

F, 

Sixth, 

Fifth, 

Seventh,  

Eighth, 

Bolton, 

B, 

Seventh,  

Woodward, 

O, 

Sixth, 

Athens, 

Dorchester  Av., 

Leeds, 

(jlover  Court.  . 


Bremen, 


Between  what  Steeets. 


BOSTON    PROPER. 

Boylston  and  Beacon, 


Total  IS-inch,  Boston.  Proper, 


Shawmut  Avenue  and  Tremont, 

West  of  Tremont, 

Franklin  and  Milk, 

Poplar  and  Leveret,    

Tremont  and  Camden, 

West  of  Public  Garden, 

West  of  Tremont, 

Washington  and  Harrison  Avenue,. 
Tremont  and  Shawmut  Avenue, . . . . 

Federal  and  South, 

West  of  Tremont, 

West  of  Tremont, 

South  of  Church, 

Washington  and  Harrison  Avenue,. 

Franklin  and  Winthrop  Place, 

For  Public  Garden, 


Total  G-incIi,  Boston  Proper, 


From  1198  Washington  street. 

From  Commercial  street, 

From  Broad, 

Connected  with  Leveret, 


Total  4r-incli,  Boston  Proper, 

SOUTH    BOSTON. 

Seventh  and  Eighth, 


Total  1^-iucIi,  Soutli  Boston, 


Dorchester  and  Mercer, 

To  connect  with  Eighth, 

I  and  iv 

K  and  L, 

D  and  E, 

Seventh  and  Goddard,   

D  and  Dorchester, 

L  and  N,  

E  and  F,   

DandE, 

DandE, 

First  and  Second, 

I  and  K , 

Dorchester  street  and  Dorchester  Avenue, 

Broadway  and  First, 

I  and  K, 


Total  6-incli,  Soutla  Boston, 


C  and  D,  

For  Norway  Iron  Co., . 

From  Woodward, 

Prom  Woodward, 


Total  4:-inch,  South.  Boston, 

EAST  BOSTON. 
Porter  and  Brooks, 


Center,. 


Total  6-inch,  Slast  Boston, 

East  of  Orleans, 

Total  4;-iMich,  East  Boston,. 


12 


12 


1327 


.1327 


669 
567 
220 
192 
845 
130 
92 
1248 


256 
292 
816 
234 

283 


.6168 


200 
361 


60 

651 


726 

68 

127 

36 

163 

436 

1017 

590 

550 

127 

400 


366 

557 
267 

.5757 

243 
267 
200 
148 


858 


90 
90 


126 
126 


APPENDIX. 


13 


RECAPITULATION. 


Boston  Proper, .  .  . 
South  Boston,  .  .  . 
East  Boston,  .  .  .  . 


1859. 


( Total  number  of  feet  laid, 
( Stop-cocks  in  the  same, .  . 
f  Total  number  of  feet  laid, 
(  Stop-cocks  in  the  same, .  . 
( Total  number  of  feet  laid, 
( Stop-cocks  in  the  same, .  . 


Sums  of  Pipes, .  .  .  . 
Sums  of  Stop-cocks, . 


Diameter  in  inches. 


12  6 


1327 
1 


1395 
1 


6168 
11 

5757 
9 
90 


12015 
20 


651 
2 

853 
2 

126 


1630 
4 


During  the  year  700  feet  of  6-inch  pipes  has  been  taken  up 
and  re-laid  on  Plymouth  street,  south  of  Northampton  street. 


14 


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APPENDIX. 


15 


Statement  of  Service  Pipe  laid  in  1859. 


1 

Boston  Proper. 

South  Boston. 

East  Boston. 

Total. 

"a 
S 

Number. 

Length 

in 

Feet. 

Number. 

Length 

in 

Feet. 

Number, 

Length 
in 

Feet.,, 

Number. 

Length 

in 

Feet. 

1 .  . 

4 
10 
538 

142 

424 
15,909 

4 

3 

318 

498 

72 

9,318 

8 

15 
915 

640 

1 

1 

2 

59 

820 
2,035 

816 

27,262 

Aggr 

938 

28,718 

Making  the  total  number  up  to  January  1, 1860, 22,264 


Repairs  of  Pipes  during  the   Year  1859. 


DIAMETER  OF  PIPES  IN  INCHES. 


WHERE. 

40 

36 

30 

24 

20 

16 

12 

6 

4 

2 

^ 

1 

1 

.5 
S 

Total 

Boston  Proper, 
South  Boston,. . 

1 

2 

4 

6 
1 
8 

19 

1 
2 

38 

24 

61 

36 
2 
1 

12 
2 
1 

255 
34 
17 

458 

1 
1 

1 

41 

East  Boston,  . . . 

2 

2 

2 

32 

Totals, 

1 

2 

4 

2 

1 

10 

22 

40 

26 

63 

39 

15 

306 

531 

Of  leaks  that  have  occurred  in  pipes  of  4  inches  in  diame- 
ter and  upwards,  sixty-one  were  caused  by  the  loosening  of 
lead  in  the  joints,  two  by  frost,  thirteen  by  settling  of  earth, 
one  by  boxing,  one  by  fish,  and  four  by  flaws  in  pipes. 

Total  eighty-two  in  pipes  of  four  inches  and  upwards.  Of 
the  leaks  that  have  occurred  in  service-pipes  and  two-inch 
pipes,  ninety-four  were  caused  by  settling  of  earth,  twenty- 
eight  by  defective  pipes,  one  hundred  and  fifty  by  fish,  seven 
by  rats,  thirty-six  by  stiff  connections,  fifteen  by  rust,  seven- 
teen by  frost,  fourteen  by  joints,  thirty-eight  by  defective  coup- 


16 


APPENDIX. 


lings,  eight  by  digging  drains,  one  by  driving  piles,  six  by 
tenants,  seven  by  defective  cocks,  four  by  cocks  blowing  out 
one  stopped  by  gasket,  three  by  boxing  cellars,  and  twenty 
struck  by  picks. 

Total,  four  hundred  and  forty-nine  in  service  and  two-inch 
pipes. 

Statement  of  the  Number  of  Leaks,  1850—1859. 


LEAKS  IN  PIPES  OF  A  DIAMETER  OF 

YEAK. 

Four  inches  and  upwards. 

Less  than  four  inches. 

Total. 

1850 

32  

72  

104 

1851 

64  

173  

237 

1852 

82  

241  

323 

1853 

85  

260  

345 

1854 

.   .  74  

280  

354 

1855 

75  

219  

294 

1856 

75   

232  

307 

1857 

85  

278  

363 

1858 

77  

324 

401 

1859 

82  

449  

531 

Hijdrants. 
During  the  year,  thirty-two  new  hydrants  have  been  estab- 
lished as  follows  :  fifteen  in  the  city  proper,  thirteen  in  South 
Boston,  two  in  Roxbury,  and  two  in  Brookline. 

Altogether  there  have  been  established  up  to  the  present 
date, 

In  Boston  proper,      -         -         -         -         -         902 

''  South  Boston, 261 

"  East  Boston, 170 

"  Brookline,    ------  3 

''  Roxbury,       ------  9 

"  Charlestown,         .         .         -         -         -  11 

"  Chelsea, ^ 

Total,  ------      1,363 


APPENDIX.  17 

Fifty-eight  hydrants  have  been  taken  out,  and  replaced  by 
new  or  repaired  ones ;  eighty-three  decayed  hydrant-boxes 
have  been  renewed.     The  hydrants  are  in  good  condition. 

The  unusual  cold  weather  in  the  present  month  of  January 
has  made  it  necessary  to  keep  an  extra  force  of  men  employed 
to  keep  the  hydrants  free  from  ice,  and  in  good  order  for  use 
in  case  of  fire. 

Stop-cocks. 
The  stop-cocks  are  all  in  good  working  order,  and  have 
had  the  usual  cleaning  and  oiling.      Twenty-five  new  stop- 
cocks have  been  put  in  and  covered  by  new  stop-cock  boxes ; 
and  thirty-two  stop-cock  boxes  have  been  renewed. 


w 


APPENDIX. 


Statement  of  Pipes  and  other  Stock  on  hand,  exclusive  of  Tools, 
January  1,  1860. 


DIAMETER  IN  INCHES. 

NUMBER   OF 

40 

36 

30 

24 

20 

16 

12 
13 

6 
131 

4 

7'i 

2 

li 

Pipes, 

58 

?3 

24 

8 

77 

45 

28 

Blow-ojff  Branches, 

2 

1 
5 
3 

r 

10 
2 

Y  Branches, 

1 

7 

2 

12 

5 

3 
9 
4 

3-Way  Branches, 

11 

4 
1 
8 
6 

1 
3 

10 

1 

6 

4- Way  Branches, 

Flange  Pipes, 

6 
13 

11 

4 
1 

Sleeves, 

2 

4 
4 

9 
6 

12 
I'' 

10 

Clamp  Sleeves, 

Caps, 

9, 

4 

5 

1 

11 

97 

11 

Reducers, '. 

3 

1 

1 

2 

3 

3 

4 
1 

Bevel  Hubs, 

Curved  Pipes,. 

1 

1 

4 

3 

3 

2 

4 

Quarter  Turns, 

<^ 

1 

/) 

5 

Double  Hubs, 

7 

9 

340 

Offset  Pipes, 

1 

3 

9 

Stop  Cocks, 

2 

4 

1 

2 

1 

5 

1 

fi 

4 

Yoke  Pipes, 

? 

9, 

21 
3 

5 

3 
2 

1 

6 

10 

24 

10 

Hydrants. 

13  Wilmarth. 

41  Lowell. 

9  Hooper. 

12  Ballardvale. 

4  Wharf. 

3  New  York. 

1 

San 

iple 

APPENDIX.  19 

For  Hydrants.  7  bends,  24  frames,  25  covers,  40  caps,  14 
lengtheners,  100  weight  of  composition  castings,  24  valve 
seats,  8  nipples,  42  stuffing  boxes,  15  screws,  20  plungers,  7 
unfinished  hydrants,  9  wooden  boxes,  10  unfinished  do.,  lot  of 
old  rods  and  parts  of  hydrants,  76  straps,  10  rings,  1  band. 

For  Stop  Cocks,  10  4-inch  plugs,  4  frames,  5  covers,  10 
stands  and  gear  for  36  and  30-inch,  4  composition  screws  for 
6-inch,  11  plungers  for  do.,  1  composition  screw  and  3 
plungers  for  12-inch  do.,  5  iron  screws  for  6-inch,  25  cast 
iron  nuts,  13  rings,  2  screws  for  24-inch,  1  for  30  and  2  for 
36-inch,  12  unfinished  stop  cocks,  6-inch,  1  wooden  box,  8 
unfinished  do.,  4  boxes  flange  bolts,  2  screws  for  30-inch 
(old,)  157  lbs.  ^-inch  bolts,  588  lbs.  1-inch  bolts,  113  lbs.  |- 
inch  do.,  169  lbs.  of  l|-inch  do.,  140  lbs.  l-^-inch  do. 

For  Service  Pipe.  22  1-inch  air  cocks,  5  1 -inch  union  do., 
21  1-inch  T  do.,  3  |-inch  union  do.,  5  f-inch  T  do.,  102  |-inch 
union  do.,  12  f-inch  Y  do.,  9  f-inch  straight  do.,  4  f  T  do.,  9 
flanges,  7  tubes,  10  caps  for  1-inch  do.,  40  caps,  25  boxes,  25 
tubes,  370  straight  boxes,  6  2i-inch  couplings,  7  li-inch  con- 
nection couplings,  7  1-inch  do.,  50  f-inch  do.,  65  lbs.  old  f 
and  f-inch  do.,  12  1^-inch  flanges,  876  lbs.  |-inch  union  cock 
castings,  300  lbs.  castings  for  couplings,  various  sizes,  112 
lbs.  castings  for  1-inch  cocks,  252  lbs.  castings  for  |-inch  do., 
160  f-inch  flange  cocks. 

Meters.  51  composition  1-inch  Worthington,  4  2-inch  do., 
10  |-inch  do.,  6  1-inch  iron  do.,  6  f-inch  iron  do.,  1  1-inch 
Scotch,  4  f-inch  do.,  44  Huse's,  40  lbs.  composition  nipples 
for  1-inch,  7  connection  couplings  for  2-inch,  4  6-inch  flanges 
for  2-inch. 

Lead  Pipe.  525  lbs.  2Hnch,  150  lbs.  l^-inch,  135  lbs.  1- 
inch,  1,150  lbs.  f-inch,  1,650  lbs.  f-inch,  345  lbs.  pieces  f. 

Pig  Lead.  3,150  lbs.,  714  lbs.  sheet  lead,  55  lbs.  block 
tin,  9  lbs.  solder. 


20  APPENDIX. 

Blacksmith'' s  Shop.  392  lbs.  cast  steel,  170  lbs.  working 
pieces  do.,  2,590  lbs.  bar  iron,  3,181  lbs.  working  pieces  do., 
131  lbs.  truss  bolts,  88  lbs.  boiler  iron,  700  lbs.  scrap  iron. 

Stable.  300  lbs.  English  kay,  3  horses,  3  sets  of  harness, 
4  wagons  (1  old,)  1  pung,  22  bushels  grain,  stable  utensils  ;  be- 
side the  above,  1  large  hoisting  crane,  1  boom  derrick,  4  prs. 
crank  derricks  and  2  prs.  shears,  with  apparatus  belonging. 
4  proving  presses  and  apparatus,  complete  lot  of  tools  for 
laying  main  and  service  pipes  and  repairs  of  same,  also  tools 
for  machine,  blacksmiths,  plumbers'  and  carpenters'  shops,  for 
reservoirs  and  fountains,  office  and  watchroom  furniture. 

At  Beacon  Hill  Reservoir.  1  cast  iron  drinking  fountain,  2 
composition  reel  jets,  2  4-inch  cylinder  jets,  1  6-inch  do.,  1 
composition  reducer,  5  waste  cocks,  1  composition  cylinder,  6 
jets,  3  plates,  6  jet  plates,  9  cast  iron  jets,  lot  of  old  lumber, 
capstan,  frame  and  levers,  large  copper  ball,  5  swivel  pipe 
patterns,  3  boom  carriages,  1  swing  stage  and  irons. 

Miscellaneous.  1  bbl.  oil  for  lanterns,  8  tons  of  old  cast 
iron,  large  lot  of  old  lumber  used  on  new  main,  large  lot  of 
patterns  for  proving  presses,  pipes,  branches,  stop  cocks, 
hydrants,  &c.,  lot  of  old  bolts,  cast  oif  drills,  drilling  machines 
and  clamps,  lot  of  machinery  from  Marlboro',  1  cask  of  spikes, 
f  cask  sperm  oil,  1  bag  cotton  waste,  250  lbs.  composition 
chips,  223  lbs.  old  composition  cocks,  60  pipe  plugs,  25 
baskets  charcoal,  1  ton  hard  coal,  ^  ton  soft  coal,  50  tons 
paving  gravel,  5  man-hole  frames  and  plates  for  large  pipes. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

JAMES  SLADE,   City  Engineer. 


APPENDIX.  21 


WATER   REGISTRAR'S   REPORT. 

Water  Registrar's  Office, 

Boston,  January  1st,  1860. 

Hon.  John  H.  Wilkins,  Pres.  of  the  Cochitiiate  Water  Board : 

Sir  :  I  herewith  present  my  annual  report,  containing  the 
usual  classification  of  water  takers,  and  the  amount  of  water 
rate  received  from  each  class,  together  with  such  other  mat- 
ters as  are  required  by  the  16th  section  of  the  ordinance. 

The  total  number  of  water  takers,  now  entered  for  the 
year  1860,  is  23,271,  being  an  increase  since  January  1st, 
1859,  of  1,057. 

During  the  year,  there  has  been  1,023  cases  where  the 
water  has  been  shut  off.  Of  these,  977  were  for  non-payment 
of  water  rates,  and  46  were  for  unnecessary  waste  of  water. 

The  number  of  cases  where  the  water  has  been  turned  on, 
is  1,413.  Of  these,  643  were  cases  which  had  been  shut  off 
for  non-payment  of  rates ;  30  were  shut  off  for  unnecessary 
waste,  and  740  were  turned  on  for  the  first  time. 

The  total  amount  received  from  December 
31st,  1858,  to  January  1st,  1860,  is         -         -    $314,808  97 

Of  the  above,  there  was  received  for  water 
ised  in  previous  years,  the  sum  of  -      $471  46 

Leaving   the  receipts   for  water 
3ed  during  the  year  1  859,  the  sum 
of 314,337  51 

In  addition  to  the  above,  there  has  been 
receive(f  for  letting  on  water,  in  cases  where  it 
had  been  turned^ off  for  non-payment  of  rates,  1,482  00 

Total  amount  received  during  the  year,  in 
this  office, $316,290  97 


22  APPENDIX. 

The  increased  amount  of  receipts  in  1859, 
over  the  previous  year,  is         -         -         -         -      $12,359  24 

The  amount  of  assessments  already  made 
for  the  year  1860,  is 255,760  80 

The  estimated  amount  of  income  from  the 
sales  of  water  during  the  year  1860,  is   -        -      325,000  00 

The  expenditure  for  meters  during  the  past  year  has 
been  $5,580  50.  The  increased  charges  for  the  use  of  water, 
against  the  establishments  to  which  these  meters  have  been 
attached,  have  already  equalled,  if  not  exceeded,  this  expendi- 
ture. By  reference  to  schedules  A  and  B,  will  be  seen  the 
result  of  the  meters  in  some  of  the  largest  establishments. 

Schedule  0  contains  the  usual  statement,  showing  the  num- 
ber and  kind  of  water  fixtures  within  the  premises  of  water 
takers. 

The  expenditures  of  my  department  during 
the  year  1859,  have  been         .         .         .         .        $3,055  94 

The  items  of  this  expenditure  are  as  follows : 
Paid  Chas.  L.  Bancroft,  for  services  as  clerk,  - 
Stephen  Badlam,  "  " 

Chas.B.  Dunham,  for  services  as  inspector, 
N.  P.  Burgess,  "  " 

Eayrs  &  Fairbanks,  for  stationery,  - 
George  West,  for  distributing  bills, 
Theodore  Badlam,     "  "    - 

M.  Lyon,  "  "    -         - 

N.  B.  Allen,  "  "    -         - 


$782  50 

782 

50 

626 

00 

626 

00 

124 

94 

32 

00 

32 

00 

30 

00 

20 

00 

$3,055  94 

APPENDIX. 


23 


Schedule  A. 

Of  the  sixty  meters  purcliased  last  year,  twenty-three  have 
been  attached,  and  are  now  in  operation  at  the  following 
hotels,  and  show  the  average  daily  consumption  of  water, 
also  the  amount  of  water  rate  charged  to  each,  as  compared 
with  the  amount  received  in  1858. 


Eevere  House, 

Parker  House, 

Tremont  House, 

American  House,. . . 

Marlboro'  Hotel, 

United  States  Hotel, 

Adams  House, 

Coolidge  House, 


Totals,. 


Gallons  per  day. 


17,838 
14,557 
14,142 

12,538 
8,856 
8,854 
5,991 
5,681 


88,457  galls. 


Water  Rate,  1859. 


1,116  85 
897  80 
846  51 
808  17 
635  21 
678  80 
485  32 
426  56 

5,895  22 


Water  Eate,  1858, 


.  $571  00  . 

.  240  00  . 

.  475  00  . 
.     810  00  . 

.  267  00  . 

.  672  00  . 

.  354  00  . 

.  281  00  . 

$3,670  00 


24 


APPENDIX. 


Schedule  B. 

The  following  comprise  some  of  the  largest  establishments 
to  which  meters  have  been  affixed,  and  show  the  average  daily 
consumption  of  water,  together  with  the  amount  of  water  rate 
paid  by  each. 


Boston  and  Worcester  Railroad  Co.,  . 
Boston  and  Maine  Railroad  Co.,      .     . 

Old  Colony  Railroad  Co., 

Eastern  Railroad  Co., 

Fitchburg  Railroad  Co., 

Bay  State  Rolling  Mill, 

Norway  Iron  Co., 

Pembroke  Iron  Co., 

Kerosene  Oil  Co.,  East  Boston,  .  .  . 
Kerosene  Oil  Co.,  South  Boston,      .     . 

J.  Trull,  distillery, 

Jno.  T.  Heard,  distillery, 

W.  E.  French  &  Co.,  distillery,  .  .  . 
J.  M.  Barnard  &  Co.,  distillery,  .  .  . 
Sylvester  Bowman,  distillery,  for  5  mos. 
Lovis  &  Hodges,  Chemical  Works,  .     . 


Gallons  per 

day. 

Paid. 

25,097 

$1,886  64 

24,673 

1,585  38 

13,484 

884  04 

11,530 

909  90 

12,777 

861  52 

25,125 

1,507  20 

14,709 

882  54 

6,480 

518  40 

12,503 

859  20 

11,959 

771  54 

7,740 

619  52 

7,589 

607  12 

11,525 

691  50 

5,380 

430  40 

12,799 

319  94 

7,230 

578  40 

APPENDIX. 


25 


Schedule  C. 

Statement,  showing  the  number  and  kind  of  water  fixtures 
contained  within  the  premises  of  water-takers  in  the  city,  in 
1857,  8  and  9. 


1857 

1858 

1859 

4,434 

4,326 

4,475 

Taps ;  these  have  no  connection 
with  any  drain  or  sewer. 

25,207 

26,631 

29,190 

Sinks. 

6,573 

7,729 

9,358 

Wash  hand  basins. 

2,941 

3,334 

3,498 

Bathing  tubs. 

2,765 

3,327 

3,699 

Pan  water  closets. 

3,215 

3,845 

4,476 

Hopper  water  closets. 

173 

409 

Self  acting  water  closets. 

573 

654 

910 

Urinals. 

1,566 

2,015 

2,450 

Wash  tubs ;  these  are  perma- 
nently attached  to  the  build- 

20 

12 

21 

Shower  baths  in  houses  where 
there  is  no  tub. 

9 

9 

10 

Rams. 

585 

612 

612 

Private  Hydrants. 

77 

110 

Slop  hoppers. 

47,888 

52,744 

59,218 

26  APPENDIX. 


Statement,  showing  the  Number  of  Houses,  Stores,  Steam 
Engines,  &c.,  in  the  City  of  Boston,  supplied  with 
Cochituate  "Water  to  the  1st  op  January,  1860,  with 

THE   AMOUNT    OP   WaTER    RaTES   PAID    FOR    1859. 

17,001  dwelling  houses,  from    |6  00  to     $31  00,  $193,231  25 


13  boarding       " 

u 

33  00  to 

98  00, 

715  16 

97  model           " 

u 

14  00  to 

210  00, 

3,619  50 

8  lodging        " 

u 

15  00  to 

78  00, 

272  00 

3,298  stores  and  shops 

u 

6  00  to 

81  54, 

24,105  99 

229  offices, 

a 

6  00  to 

20  50, 

1,510  92 

18  banks. 

Cl 

6  00  to 

16  50, 

189  08 

200  buildings, 

a 

15  00  to 

207  50, 

6,671  96 

47  churches, 

ii 

6  00  to 

20  00, 

324  50 

31  halls. 

u 

6  00  to 

26  50, 

289  00 

16  private  schools, 

li 

6  00  to 

30  50, 

203  25 

3  theatres. 

11 

15  00  to 

93  75, 

126  25 

1  green  house. 

5  00 

1  Custom  House, 

156  00 

1  Post  Office, 

25  00 

3  hospitals, 

from 

21  67  to 

178  00, 

353  42 

1  medical  college. 

30  00 

1  State  House, 

134  50 

4  libraries, 

from    6  00  to 

35  00, 

59  00 

7  asylums, 

35  00  to 

242  48, 

568  61 

5  markets. 

30  00  to 

64  00, 

220  00 

52  market  stalls. 

6  00  to 

10  00, 

330  00 

156  cellars. 

6  00  to 

12  00, 

908  25 

51  hotels, 

15  00  to 

865  05, 

9,904  49 

352  restaurants  &  saloons  " 

8  00  to 

41  00, 

3,945  62 

4  club  houses, 

a 

15  00  to 

50  00, 

112  00 

7  bathing  houses. 

a 

15  00  to 

130  00, 

327  50 

Amount  carried  fort 

vard, 

$248,338  ,25 

APPENDIX. 

27 

Amount  brought  forward, 

$248,338  25 

759  stables,                  from 

$5  00  to 

$420  00, 

8,941  57 

68  shops  and  engines,  " 

10  00  to 

284  42, 

5,381  84 

8  foundries  &  engines," 

12  58  to 

462  00, 

875  10 

1  forge  &  engine, 

518  40 

11  printing  &  engines, 

15  00  to 

93  20, 

445  82 

22  factories  &  engines, " 

25  50  to 

578  40, 

3,638  47 

30  factories,                  " 

9  00  to 

859  20, 

2,485  47 

3  gaslightcompanies," 

79  68  to 

481  20, 

654  88 

2  sugar  refineries, 

4,192  26 

16  mills  and  engines,   " 

20  00  to  1,507  20, 

4,513  12 

16  engines,                    '* 

12  00  to 

150  72, 

708  41 

47  printing  offices,       " 

6  00  to 

28  00, 

536  25 

9  distilleries,               " 

46  95  to 

691  50, 

2,987  34 

11  breweries,                '' 

10  00  to 

264  00, 

725  42 

2  bacon  works, 

40  00 

6  bleacheries,              " 

9  00  to 

10  00, 

56  00 

1  laundry, 

25  00 

1  pottery. 

30  00 

54  bakeries,               from 

I    6  00  to 

12  00, 

390  83 

3         "       &  engines," 

20  00  to 

63  12, 

136  76 

8  buildings  &  engines," 

29  90  to 

205  56, 

1,125  18 

1  ship  yard  and  engine. 

92  76 

9  ship  yards,               " 

10  00  to 

18  00, 

108  00 

4  dry  docks,                " 

15  00  to 

57  00, 

117  00 

607  hose,                         " 

3  00  to 

10  00, 

1,878  00 

30  fountains,                 " 

3  00  to 

15  00, 

158  50 

9  packing  houses,       " 

9  00  to 

30  00, 

125  00 

8  railroad  companies," 

75  00  to  1,886  64, 

6,978  58 

3  ferry  companies. 

2,004  96 

30  steamboats,             " 

15  00  to 

700  00, 

5,145  26 

232  schools,                    " 

6  00  to 

16  00, 

1,592  00 

22  engine,  hose,  &  hook 

&  ladder  houses, 

16  00, 

352  00 

Amount  carried  forward, 
9 

$305,298  43 

28 


Amount  brought  forward, 

$305,298  43 

8  police  stations,  from  $15  00  to     $80  00, 

215  00 

2  city  stables, 

108  75 

6  fire  alarm  motors, "      10  00  to       15  00, 

65  00 

1  Court  House, 

95  00 

1  City  Hall, 

50  00 

1  Faneuil  Hall, 

40  00 

1  City  Building, 

37  50 

1  Probate  Office, 

10  00 

1  office  at  City  Scales, 

9  00 

4  offices,  Niles'  block, 

27  00 

1  Dead  House, 

10  00 

1  Public  Library, 

50  00 

1  House  of  Correction, 

462  00 

1  Lunatic  Hospital, 

225  00 

1  Faneuil  Hall  Market,  urinals,  &c., 

70  00 

1  street  sprinkling. 

400  00 

1  offal  station. 

150  00 

Common  Sewer  Dept.,  (for  making  mortar. 

&c.)      75  00 

1  house  in  Vine  street, 

7  00 

1  steamer  Henry  Morrison, 

192  56 

1  Jail  for  Suffolk  County, 

243  00 

1  Massachusetts  State  Prison, 

639  66 

Mill  Dam  Company, 

300  00 

Contractors  for  supplying  shipping, 

4,012  39 

Pilling  gasometer, 

251  42 

Sprinkling  streets, 

12  00 

Building  purposes, 

1,281  80 

$314,337  51 

B,espectfully  submitted. 

WILLIAM  P.  DAVIS,   Water  Registrar. 


PUBLIC   LIBRARY 

or  THB 

CITY     OF     BOSTON 


ABBREVIATED  REGULATIONS. 

One  volume  can  be  taken  at  a  time  from  the 
Lower  Hall,  and  one  from  the  Bates  Hall. 
Books  can  be  kept  out  14  days. 

A  fine  of  2  cents  for  each  volume  will  be 
incurred  for  each  day  a  book  is  detained  more 
than  14  days. 

Any  book  detained  more  than  a  week  be- 
yond the  time  limited,  wiU  be  sent  for  at  the 
expense  of  the  delinquent. 

No  book  is  to  be  lent  out  of  the  household 
of  the  borrower. 

The  Library  hours  for  the  delivery  and  re- 
turn of  books  are  from  10  o'clock,  A.  M.,  to 
8  o'clock,  P.  M.,  in  the  Lower  HaU ;  and  from 
10  o'clock,  A.  M.,  untU  one  half  hour  before 
sunset  in  the  Bates  HaU. 

Every  book  must,  under  penalty  of  one  dol- 
lar, be  returned  to  the  Library  at  such  time 
in  August  as  shaU  be  publicly  announced. 

The  card  must  be  presented  whenever  a 
book  is  returned.  For  renewing  a  book  the 
card  must  be  presented,  together  with  the 
book,  or  with  the  shelf-numbers  of  the  book-