Annual report of the Cochituate Water Board

PRESENTED TO Tl

HE f^ei/'-/

City Document. — No. 10.

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EE PO RT

COCHITUATE WATER BOAED

CITY COUNCIL OF BOSTON,

rOR THE TEAR 1862.

CITY OF BOSTON.

In Board of Aldermen, January 12, 1863.

Oedeeed : That the Cochituate Water Board be authorized
to report in print.

Sent down for concurrence.

THOMAS C. AMOEY, Je., Chairman.

In Gammon Council, January 15, 1863.
Concurred.

GEORGE S. HALE, President.

Approved, January 17, 1863.

F. W. LINCOLN, Jr., Mayor.

REPORT.

Office of the Cochituate Water Board,
119^ "Washington Street, Boston, January 15, 1863.

To THE City Council :

The Cochituate Water Board herewith present for your con-
sideration their Annual Report for the year 1862, together with
the Reports of the Clerk of this Board, the Superintendents,
Water Registrar, and City Engineer, to which we invite your
attention for detailed accounts of the general management and
finances of the Works.

From the Report of the Clerk of this Board it will be seen
that the expenditures and receipts, on account of the Water
Works, from the commencement of the Works to January 1,
1863, are as follows : —

Amounts paid by the Commissioners, and by

the Water Board from the time the Works

came under the control of the latter, $5,663,829 '^^

Sundry payments by the City, and discounts

and interests on loans, 3,862,291 43

$9,526,121 29
From which there should be deducted sundry
credits by the City, and amounts received for
Water Rates, 3,515,303 23

$6,010,818 06

6 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 10.

Leaving the actual cost of the Works, January

1, 1863, $6,010,818 06

There has been drawn from the treasury by the

Board, during the year, the sum of $86,264 22

Of this amount there is charged for extension

of the Works, 55,838 72

Leaving the expense of the year, $30,425 50

By this it will be seen that the expenses have been less than
the previous year, and had it not been for the great advance in
price of all materials used on the Works, the reduction would
have been still greater.

By reference to the Report of the Water Registrar, it appears
that the total amount received for Water used during the year
ending January 1, 1863, is $364,036.37; being an increase
over the previous year of $ 8,599.42.

The total number of Water-takers now entered for the year
1863, is 26,289 ; being an increase over last year of 803.

The estimated income from the sales of Water, in 1863, is
$385,000.

All the Works under the care of the Superintendent of the
Eastern Division are in their usual good condition.

From the Report of the Superintendent, it appears that there
has been about the same number of feet of Main Pipe laid this
year as last; the total number of feet laid in 1862 was 10,429,
being 140 feet less than the previous year.

The number of feet of Service Pipe laid, in 1862, was 18,292 ;
being a slight decrease this year.

The total number of feet of Main Pipe laid, from the com-
mencement of the Works up to January 1, 1863, Is 702,793 ;
being a little over one hundred and thirty-three miles.

The total number of Service Pipes laid, to January 1, 1863,
is 24,340.

The number of new Stop Cocks is 48 ; making the whole
number 1,236.

WATKR. 7

The number of new Hydrants established is 22, making the
whole number 1,473.

The number of leaks during the year was not so large as the
previous year; being 490, in 1862, against 508, in 1861 ; and
most of them were caused by digging for sewers and drains,
over which this Board have no control.

31 Fire Reservoirs have been connected with main pipes
during the year, (nine in the city proper, thirteen in South
Boston, and nine in East Boston,) making the whole number
now connected, 55- The expense of this work is charged to
the Fire Department.

The repairs on Beacon Hill Reservoir, commenced last season
and postponed on account of the difficulty of procuring suitable
cement, were resumed the latter part of September, when the
remainder of the bottom was cemented, and the whole surface
washed over with cement. The result of this work is entirely
satisfactory.

The attention of the incoming Board is called to the condition
of the main pipes in some of the streets where the grade has
been changed since the pipes were laid, in some cases the pipes
are buried nine feet deep, which makes it very expensive to re-
pair them, or to lay service pipes ; and, in other streets, where
the grade has been lowered, they are not deep enough to protect
them from frost.

The lake, reservoir, and structures in the Western Divisio7i
are in good condition, and have been properly attended to by
the Superintendent.

The most important work of the year, in this division, was
the completion of the work connecting Dudley Pond with the
lake. The City Engineer was requested to make a survey- of
this pond, which has been completed. The area of the pond
is 81 acres, and the amount of water it will contain, which is
available to the City, is about 250,000,000 gallons. The entire
capacity of the pond is much greater, as the water in the deepest
part measures thirty feet, but as the pipe connecting with tlie

8 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 10.

lake is laid twelve and one half feet below high-water mark,
the pond can only be drawn down to that depth. The distance
round the pond, measuring at the verge at high- water mark, is
three miles. The waters of the pond were let into the lake on
January 31, 1862 ; being less than two months from the com-
mencement of the undertaking.

The abutters, and all others in any way damaged by the
drawing down of this pond, have been amicably settled with,
excepting two or three, (some of them being absent,) and
these, no doubt, will be adjusted in a short time.

The successful completion of this work is highly gratifying to
the Board, more than realizing our expectations, and is regarded
by us as a matter of congratulation, having thus secured for
the use of the City a valuable reservoir.

Improvements have been made during the year on the borders
of the lake. The bank on the north side of the road, east of
the Superintendent's house, has been cut down nearly level with
the road, graded, and a slope wall laid, which has made a great
improvement in the appearance of this part of the lake. Slope
wall has also been laid on the borders of the lake in other
places, which was rendered necessary by the washing of the
banks ; some of the banks have been sodded, and other im-
provements made.

The condition of the meadow opposite the Superintendent's
house has long been unsatisfactory to the Board, and, during
the year, a portion of it has been filled up, thereby strengthen-
ing the dam, and presenting a much more creditable appearance.

The interior of the aqueduct has been examined and thor-
oughly cleansed by the Superintendent during the year. No
new cracks were discovered. Some of the old ones were pointed,
so that any further settling would be discovered.

Those portions of the aqueduct built upon quicksands will
need particular attention, when the frost leaves the ground in
the spring.

The rods in some of the waste weirs have been repaired, and

WATER. 9

the iron screws replaced by composition ; the remainder of them
will be repaired and changed as soon as circumstances will
admit.

The Selectmen of the town of Brookline notified the Board
of their intention to grade Boylston Street, in front of the res-
ervoir, in doing which it was necessary to alter somewhat the
grade of the bank of the reservoir, and to relay a portion of the
drain wall outside of it. Also on the opposite side of the
reservoir, they laid out a highway, and, in grading, they filled
in some portion of it, and excavated others, which caused the
banks to cave, and the fence to be continually getting out of
repair, and the Board concluded to have the land adjoining
graded, and the fence rebuilt where it will be much more likely
to stand. This work has much improved the appearance of the
reservoir and the street, and the Selectmen appear to be well
pleased with it. It is hoped, at some future time, an iron fence
will be placed round this reservoir.

The Superintendent of this Di". ision notified the Board that
the iron rod attached to the gate of the 40-inch main pipe in
this reservoir, was out of order, and that the gate could not
be raised. Upon considering the matter, it was found that
either the water Must be drawn from the reservoir, (which
would be a serious loss to the city at this season of the year,)
or that the services of a diver, with submarine armor, be pro-
cured to go down and find out, if possible, what the trouble
was ; this last course was deemed the most advisable, and,
upon descending to the depth of twenty-five feet, he found the
nut was off of the bottom of the rod, after considerable time
spent in searching for it, in different parts of the pipe-chamber,
the nut was found, screwed on, and the gate hoisted up and
taken out, and is now being repaired. The Board are entirely
satisfied with the result of the undertaking.

By the Report of the City Engineer, hereto annexed, it ap-
pears that the average daily consumption of water during the
year has been sixteen million six hundred thousand gallons,
2

10 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 10.

which daily consumption Is one million five hundred and eighty-
nine thousand three hundred and four gallons less than In the
year 1861. This Is very gratifying to the Board, for not only
has the consumption decreased over one million gallons per day,
but the receipts for water used during the year have consider-
ably increased. This saving, or non-use of water. Is mainly
owing, no doubt, to the number of water-meters placed In es-
tablishments where large quantities of water Is used, and the
Board would recommend a more general use of them In all such
cases.

There was no need of, neither would there have been any,
water wasted from the lake, had not some evil-disposed person
taken out the stop-plank in the dam of the brook, on the east side
of Dug Pond, thereby turning the waters into the lake, which
prevented the filling of Dug Pond as usual. By the Superin-
tendent's Report this pond, or reservoir, lacked four feet of be-
ing full ; the contents of this four feet would be about fifty-
seven million gallons ; If this quantity had run into the pond
we should now have It stored, rather than loosing thirty-two
million two hundred thousand gallons of It by running into the
lake, and wasting over the outlet dam. There is some question
about the right of the City to divert the waters of this brook to
fill the pond, but negotiations have been commenced to acquire
a perpetual right, which it Is expected will be satisfactorily con-
summated.

Through the liberality of S. T. Tisdale, Esq., of East Ware-
ham, the Board have been enabled to procure some black bass,
to stock the lake and Brookline Reservoir, for the purpose of de-
stroying the eels and other small fish which get into our pipes,
and cause much trouble and expense. The experiment has been
successfully tried by Mr. Tisdale in some of his ponds.

It is the opinion of this Board that it will be for the interest
of the City, at some future time when the aflTalrs of our country
are In a more prosperous condition, to build a new reservoir,
somewhere near this end of the aqueduct, for the storage of all

WATER. 11

the surplus water which the lake can furnish ; it would also be
of great importance in case of any accident to the acqueduct,
for we should then be better able to furnish the city with water
while repairing.

All which is respectfully submitted.

EBENEZEE JOHNSON, President.

GEOEGE P. FRENCH,

GEORGE DENNIE,

JABEZ FREDERICK,

JOHN F. PRAY,

GEORGE HINMAN,

J. C. J. BROWN.

EECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES.

Stateme7it of Expenditures made by the Cochltuate Water Board,
from December 31, 1861, to January 1, 1863.

Main pipe

Service pipe

Wages laying main pipe

Wages laying service pipe

Wages blacksmith shop

Wages plumbing shop

Wages proving yard

Off and on water

Salaries

Lake. Paid on account of Dudley Pond, grading

and other repairs around the lake
Aqueduct repairs

Brookline Reservoir, for labor, &c
Beacon Hill " " "

South Boston " " "

East Boston " " "

Laying main pipe, for stock, &c.
Laying service pipe
Plumbing shop, for stock
Blacksmith shop, "
Office expense
Fountains

Amount carried forward,

114,287

85

6,014

77

3,280

02

2,447

33

640

72

403

30

2,765

14

2,706

79

8,383

08

13,616

78

1,453

04

1,752

43

1,420

40

222

69

162

24

1,764

49

5

50

27

00

315

45

1,003

25

297

79

I 62,970

06

WATER.

Amount brought forward,

Miscellaneous expense, flowing skating grounds,
pond on the Public Garden, expense of the
Board, &c.

Meters ....

Stop-cocks

Proving yard, for stock, &c.

Hydrants

Hydrant and stop-cock boxes

Stable ....

Travelling expenses

Tolls and ferriages

Damage in streets, and to land caused by raising
the lake, &c. .....

Stationery (including stationery for Water Reg-
istrar and Superintendents) .

Pipe yard, repairing buildings, &c.

Oil

Printing (including Water Registrar's and Super
intendents') .....

Postage and express

Tools ....

Rents, for tool chest .

Carting

Taxes

Repairing main pipe

Repairing service pipe

Repairing hydrants

Repairing streets

Repairing stop-cocks

Amount carried forward,

13

62,970

06

695

82

5,679

34

2,156

77

1,023

85

1,654

92

1,193

50

1,035

04

78

92

120

35

752 00

110

06

93

38

89

63

464

81

22

29

449

76

13

00

182

63

375

18

1,125

01

2,520

77

1,319

46

1,570

35

567

32

$86,264 22

14 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 10.

Amount brought forward, ' $86,26422

CASH PAID CITY TREASURER.

Received rent of arches under Beacon Hill Res-
ervoir $300 00

Received for land sold . . . 279 53

Received for wood, grass, pasture, and

old material .... 311 84

Received for pipe laying, repairing, &c., 687 63

Received for off and on water, for
repairs . . . $1,242 00

Received for off and on

water, waste, and fines, 474 00

Received for off and on

water, for non-payment, 1,548 00

3,264 00
Less this amount paid to

the City Treasurer . 1,548 00

1,716 00

3,295 00

Balance $82,969 22

Amount of expenditures . . . . .$86, 2 64 22

EXTENSION OF THE WORKS.

Wages laying main pipe . . $3,280 02

Wages laying service pipe . . 2,447 33

Wages proving yard . . . 2,765 14

Wages plumbing shop . . . 202 00

Wages blacksmith shop . . 430 72

Main pipe 14,287 85

Service pipe .... 6,014 77

Laying main pipe, &c. . , , 1,769 99

Amounts carried forward, $31,197 82 $86,264 22

WATEK

15

Amounts brought forward.

$31,197

82

186,264 22

Blacksmith shop

315

45

Plumbing shop

27

00

•

Hydrant and stop-cock boxes

800

00

Stable ....

. 518

00

Oil

89

63

Hydrants ....

. 1,654

92

Stop-cocks ....

2,156

77

Carting ....

100

00

Tolls and ferriage

60

35

Tools .

150

00

Proving yard, for stock, &c.

723

85

Meters

. 5,163

37

Lake and Dudley Pond

12,881

56

55,838 72

Amount of annual expense

$30,425 50

Expenditures and Receipts on account of the Water Works ^ to
January 1, 1863.

Am

t drawn by Commissioners, $4,043,718 21

' Wat'

rB'rd,1850,

366,163

89

1851,

141,309

23

1852,

89,654

20

1853,

89,854

03

1854,

80,182

35

1855,

63,866

33

1856,

81,429

35

1857,

96,931

25

1858,

76,006

01

1859,

385,652

47

1860,

146,304

55

1861,

73,977

29

1862,

86,264

22

Anun

mt carriec

i forward,

$5,821,313 38

16

CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 10.

Ammmt brought forivard,
Amount paid the City Treasurer by the Com-
missioners, $47,648 38

$5,821,313 38

Ai

t paid by Water Board, 1850, 8,153 52
1851, 5,232 38

1852,

15,869 12

1853,

4,621 40

1854,

12,423 29

1855,

9,990 38

1856,

7,840 43

1857,

13,750 00

1858,

9,200 00

1859,

5,554 00

1860,

3,287 51

1861,

10,618 11

1862,

3,295 00

157,483

52

tj tid

5,663,829

86

'J^

$68,194 57

ms, 3,794,096 86

3,862,291

43

Ttt-*

9,526,121

29

Sundry credits by the City, $ 61,453 04

Am't rec'd for water rates, (as per

the City Treasurer's account,) 3,453,850 19

SAMUEL N. DYER,

Clei-k CocJdtuate

3,515,303 23
$6,010,818 06

Water Board,

REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE
EASTERN DIVISION.

Boston, January 8, 1863.
Ebenezee Johnson, Esq., Tres. Cochituate Water Board:

Sir : The usual annual report of matters connected with the
Eastern Division of the Cochituate Water Works, is herewith
submitted. The amount of work done during the past year
does not vary materially from that done in the year 1861. The
aggregate number of feet of main pipe laid the past year, is one
hundred and forty less than that laid in the previous year. The
number of service pipes laid is one hundred and nineteen less
than during the previous year. The total number of leaks is
eighteen less than -the number in the year 1861, showing a
slight improvement.

The cost of laying new pipes and of repairs has increased in
consequence of the introduction of so many horse railroad tracks
in the public streets ; and the prices of all the materials used in
this department have advanced so much that it is impossible to
show the reduction in the expense anticipated at the commence-
ment of the year. I beg leave to call your attention to the
12-inch pipe in Chelsea Street, between Decatur and Marion
Streets. This pipe was laid previous to the establishment of
the present grade ; it is now covered to the depth of nine feet,
and as it lays on soft ground, it is constantly settling, thus
starting the joints and causing them to leak. I would recom-
mend raising the pipe to the proper grade ; or that a new line
be laid, and the use of the old pipe discontinued.

18

CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 10.

There are two short bends in the 24-inch line of pipe in Char-
don Street, — I would recommend that these be taken out and
the line straightened.

The iron box on the Tremont Street Bridge is so constructed
that it is impossible to get at the pipes contained therein, to
drive the joints ; and as one or more of the joints are now
leaking slightly, I would urge the necessity of reconstructing
the box upon some plan which will allow repairs to be easily
made.

Reservoirs.

The repairs on the Beacon Hill Reservoir have been com-
pleted during the past year, and the reservoir is now compara-
tively tight. No changes have been made at the South Boston
or East Boston Reservoirs, during the past year. It will be
necessary, however, early in the present year to repair or replace
the wooden fence around the East Boston Reservoir.

Statement of Location, Size, and Number of Pipes laid in 1862.

In what Streets.

Boylston

Boylston

Albany

Berkley

Albany

Marlborough .

Appleton

Clarendon . . . .
Marlborough. .

Worcester

Newton

Third Avenue
Third Avenue

Sharon

Albany

Pembroke

Canton

Marlborough. ,

Between what Streets.

BOSTON PROPEE.

West of Arlington

Pleasant and Arlington

Sharon and Newton

Appleton and W. Railroad

Total 12 inches in Boston.

Newton and Worcester .
West of Berkley

Total 8 inches in Boston.

Berkley and Clarendon

Appleton and Tremont

Arlington and Berkley

West of Tremont

West of Tremont

South of Clarendon

Berkley and Clarendon

Harrison Avenue and Albany.

South of Worcester

West of Tremont

West of Tremont

Arlington and Berkley

Total 6 inches in Boston.

335

876
228
122

1,561

350

23
472
205
122
100
518
195
116
155
148

43
431

2,528

The 6-inch pipe is
taken up.

WATER.

19

Statement of Pipes, continued.

In what Streets.

Gloucester Place. . .
Albany

H

Third..
Ninth..
Second

O

Sixth . .
Fourth

Bolton,
Athens
Fourth

Putnam..

Paris

Marginal
Breman.,
London . .

Between what Stkeets.

From Harrison Avenue

For City Stable

For 9 Fire Reservoirs ,

SOUTH BOSTON.

Eighth and Ninth ,

Total 8 inches in South Boston

East of P

HandK

Oand P

Fifth and Sixth

OandP

Foundry and the Bridge

Total 6 inches in South Boston

CandD

Band C

For Alger's Foundry

For 13 Fire Reservoirs

EAST BOSTON.

Princeton and Lexington

Decatur and Porter

Cottage and Jeffries

Bennington and Prescott

Bennington and Porter

Total 6 inches in East Boston. .

For 9 Fire Reservoirs

Total 4 inches in East Boston. .

*- i

i

° a

a.

g.S

ns

k

4

220

4
4

100
130

450

8

300

6

300

139

6

243

6

291

6

144

6

160

6

400

4

1,377

284

4

208

4

83

4

198

773

6

256

6

700

6

570

6

463

6

430

4

2,419

63

63

Remarks.

EECAPITULATION.

Section,

1862.

Diameter in inches.

Boston Proper
South Boston.
East Boston . .

Total number of feet laid ,
Stop-cocks in the same.. . .
Total number of feet laid .

Stop-cocks in the same

Total number of feet laid..
Stop-cocks in the same.. . .

Sums of Pipes

Sums of Stop-cocks.

1,561
4

958
1

300
1

2,528
4

1,377
1

2,419
2

1,561
4

1,258
2

6,324

7

450
10

773
16
63

1,286
35

20

CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 10.

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p-cocks in the i
■ Length of Pip
Number of St(

3

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1

c

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1
3

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2 f

c

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WATER.

21

Statement of Service Pipes laid in 1862.

Boston Proper.

South Boston.

East Boston.

TotaL

.3

i
s

Number

of
Pipes.

Length

in

Feet.

Number

of
Pipes.

Length

in

Feet.

Number

of
Pipes.

Length

in

Feet.

Number

of

Pipes.

Length

in

Feet.

1

5

1

275

20

372

195

11,220

633

3

2
81
34

83

147

2,619

1,093

8

3

393

84

455

3

342

5

37
30

1,031
899

14,870
2,625

Aggr

488

18,292

Making the total number up to January 1, 1863 24,340

Repairs of Pipes during the Year 1862.

DIAMETER OF PIPES IN INCHES.

Where.

40

36

30

24

20

16

12

8

6

4

2

Ih

1

I

1

5

i

o
H

Boston

1

4

1

1

2
3
4

1

12
2
6

23
5
2

47
1
2

6

43

14
6

1

2

220
45
29

1

6

377
67

East Boston.

1

46

Totals...

1

4

1

1

9

1

20

.30

60

7

43

21

2

294

6

490

Of the leaks that have occurred in pipes of four inches and
upwards, eighty-three was on the joints, six by defective pipes,
eleven by frost, thirteen by settling of earth, two by caps blow-
ing off, two by defective stop-cocks. Total, one hundered and
seventeen. Of the leaks in service and two-inch pipes, one
hundred and thirteen were caused by settling of earth, forty-two
■stopped by fish, thirty-eight by stiff connections, sixty-two by
defective pipes, thirty-five by frost, six by turning off water,
twelve by defective joints, nine stopped by rust, four by tenants.

2.2

CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 10.

six gnawed by rats, twenty-three by defective couplings, one
stopped by a sponge, four by digging drains, seven by defective
cocks, one stopped by a stone, nine struck by picks, one by
cock blowing out. Total, three hundred and seventy-three,
showing a decrease of eighteen, for the past year ; it will be
seen that the most of the leaks are occasioned by the settling of
earth caused by the digging of sewers and drains, and as that
is a matter which we have no control of, I cannot see any way
to prevent it.

Statement of the Number of Leaks, 1850 — 1862.

1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862

LEAKS IN PIPES OF A DIAMETER OF

Four inches
and upwards^

32
64

82

85

74

75

75

85

77

82

134

109

117

Less than
four inches.

72
173
241
260
280
219
232
278
324
449
458
399
373

Total.

104
237
323
345
354
294
307
363
401
531
592
508
490

Hydrants.
During the year twenty-two new hydrants have been estab-
lished, as follows : eleven in the city proper, six in South
Boston, five in East Boston.

WATER. 23

Total number of hydrants established up to January 1, 1863 :
In Boston proper ..... 949

South Boston 307

■' East Boston . . . . . 184

Brookline ...... 3

•' Roxbury . . . . . . 12

Charlestown . . . . . .11

Chelsea ...... 7

Total 1,473

Sixty-three hydrants have been taken out and replaced by
new or repaired ones. Sixty-eight hydrant boxes have been
renewed the past year. The hydrants are all in good working-
order, and have been kept free from frost, although it was re-
ported at the fire that occurred in Pearl Street on the night of
December 23, 1862, that the delay was on account of the
hydrants being frozen ; such was not the fact, as I was informed
by the engineers. During the extreme cold weather, two men
are put upon each fire district, whose duty it is to make a daily
examination of each hydrant, and I am well satisfied that the
duty is faithfully performed.

FIRE RESERTOIRS.

The following list of Fire Reservoirs have been connected
with the main pipes during the year :

Boston proper.

Court Square, opposite City Hall.

Washington Street, corner Northampton Street.

Washington " corner Union Park.

Washington " at Engine House No. 3.

Washington " at Castle Street.

Summer " at the junction of Bedford Street.

24

CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 10.

Channing Street corner of Federal Street.
Union " opposite North Street.

Brattle " opposite Brattle Square.

South Boston.

D Street, corner Broadway.

Broadway, near corner C Street.

A Street, near corner Broadway.

Broadway, near corner B Street.

Broadway, near corner Dorchester Avenue.

Dorchester Avenue, at Fourth Street.

Dorchester Avenue, at Fifth Street.

E Street, between Broadway and Athens Street.

Broadway, opposite Hawes School House.

Broadway, corner Dorchester Street.

Broadway, opposite car house of B. E,. E. Co.

Old Eoad, half way between Broadway and K Street.

Second Street, corner Dorchester Street.

East Boston.
Chelsea Street, near Decatur Street.

Meridian '

' opposite Lyman School House.

Sumner '

' " Primary School House

Webster '

' " Mr. Lamson's house.

Saratoga '

" No. 29

Meridian '

' " Old Engine House.

Trenton '

" No. 67.

Monmouth '

' corner Marion Street.

Cottage '

' " Sumner Street.

The stock and labor for the above reservoirs, amounting to
2,757.54, is charged to the Fire Department.

WATEE. 25

Stop Cocks.

In April the water was shut off from the 40-inch line, in
order to ascertain the trouble with the 40-inch gate, on the
Common. It was found that the valve was fitted too close ;
that was easily repaired, and the water was off of the line about
fifteen hours. That has been the only occasion that required
the water to be shut off from either of the main lines the past
year. Forty-eight new stop-cocks have been put in, and cov-
ered by new boxes, and eighty-eight stop-cock boxes have been
renewed. Four 6-inch stop-cocks have been taken out and
condemned, and others put in their places. All of the stop-
cocks have been cleaned and oiled during the year.

Everything connected with the shop has been kept up this

season, as there has been power enough at all times to do the

work.

4

26

CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 10.

Statement of Pipes and other Stock on hand, exclusive of Tools,
January 1, 1863.

NUMBER OF

DIAMETER IN INCHES.

40

Pipes

Blow-off Branches.

Y Branches

•3-Way Branches...
4-Way Branches. . .

Flange Pipes

Sleeves

Clamp Sleeves

Caps

Eedueers ,

Bevel Hubs

Curved Pipes

Quarter Turns

Double Hubs

Offset Pipes

Stop Cocks

Yoke Pipes

Man-hole Pipes

Pieces of Pipes

43

Hydrants. 37 Lowell, new, 13 ditto, old ; 11 Wilmarth,
old ; 1 sample ; 3 New York Pattern.

For Hydrants. 17 screws, 10 plungers, 46 nipples, 17 valve
seats, 38 packing boxes, 9 bends, 59 lengtheners, 9 frames, 9
covers, 24 nipples for wharf hydrants, 90 lbs. castings for
wharf hydrants.

For Stop Cocks. 3 3 6 -inch screws, 2 30-inch ditto, 1 16-inch
ditto, 6 12-inch ditto, 11 6-inch ditto, 3 12-inch plungers, 9
6-inch ditto, 12 4-inch screws, 5 screws for waste-gates, 8
6-inch rings, 11 4-inch ditto, 308 lbs. composition castings for

WATKR. 27

4-inch, 6 4-inch plungers, 6 6-inch iron screws, 4 4-inch iron
ditto, 9 frames, 3 covers.

Meters. 2 3-inch Worthington, 1 3-inch composition ditto,
8 2-inch ditto, 100 1-inch ditto, 54 f-inch ditto, 6 1-inch iron
ditto, 6 f-inch ditto, 1 1-inch Scotch, 6 f-inch ditto.

Stock for Meters. 24 male 1-inch couplings, 11 female ditto,
97 female f-inch ditto, 22 male f-inch ditto, 52 1-inch connec-
tion nipples, M f-inch ditto, 4 2-inch ditto, 52 lbs. unfinished
composition castings, 4 2-inch composition pieces, 4 1-inch ditto,
3 f-inch ditto, 3 2-inch female couplings, 3 2-inch male ditto,
56 meter glasses, 1 gross screws, 13 meter clocks, 4 1-inch stop-
cocks, 10 feet hose, 21 frames and covers.

For Service Pipes. 13 1-inch union cocks, 51 f-inch ditto,
25 f-inch ditto, 58 ^-inch ditto, 8 1-inch T cocks, 21 f-inch
ditto, 20 f-inch ditto, 69 f-inch straight ditto, 70 f-inch cock
couplings, 400 f-inch ditto, 94 J-inch ditto, 220 tubes for^-inch
ditto, 6 25-inch connection couplings, 44 l^-inch ditto, 43 J-inch
ditto, 15 1-inch air-cocks, 638 f-inch unfinished cocks, 335 lbs.
castings for various sizes cocks, 30 upright tubes, 41 extension
ditto, 7 flanges, caps, and tubes for 1-inch cocks, 37 caps, 29
straight boxes, 25 T ditto, 1 Y ditto.

Lead Pipe. 148 lbs. 2-inch, 4164 lbs. l^-inch, 160 lbs..
1-inch, 375 lbs. f-inch, 3408 lbs. f-inch, 337 lbs. pieces, 106
lbs. f-inch block tin, 633 lbs. sheet lead, 2080 lbs. pig lead.

Blacksmith's Shop. 2857 lbs. bar iron, 2288 lbs. working
pieces, 274 lbs. cast steel, 3200 lbs. scrap iron.

Carpcnter''s Shop. 1500 feet of pine plank, 100 feet of spruce
boards, 100 feet pine ditto, 200 lbs. spikes, 100 lbs. nails, 3
hydrant boxes, 40 unfinished ditto, 3 stop-cock ditto, 3 meter
ditto, 14 tops for ditto.

Stable. 3 sets of harness, 3 horses, 1 buggy, 1 chaise, 3
wagons, 2 pungs, 2200 lbs. English hay, 1000 lbs. salt hay,
12 bushels corn and oats, stable utensils.

Tools. 1 steam engine, 1 large hoisting crane, 1 boom der-
rick, 4 geered hand derricks, 2 sets of shears and all the rigging

28 CITY DOCUMENT.— No. 10.

for the same, tools for laying main and service pipes and for re-
pairs of same, 2 engines, 1 fox and 1 hand lathe, upright drill-
ing machine, 3 grindstones, and the necessary tools for carrying
on the machine, blacksmith's, carpenter's, and plumber's shops,
3 large tool houses, 2 small ditto, also office furniture.

At Beacon Hill Reservoir. 1 large proving press for 40-inch
pipes, 5 swivel pipe patterns, 1 swing stage, capstan frame and
levers, 1 large copper ball, 1 composition cyhifder, 2 jets, 1
6-inch cylinder, 2 6-inch jets, 1 reducer and 2 sets oi 12-inch
plates, 2 4-inch ditto, 3 composition reel jets, 6 cast-iron jets,
1 drinking fountain, also all the patterns belonging to this de-
partment, some of which are stored at the foundries where we
obtain the castings.

Miscellaneous. 5 man-holes, 6 plates, large lot of old lumber,
7 large flagging stones, lot of machinery from Marlboro', 70
tons paving gravel, 900 bricks, ^ bbl. rosin, 8 bundles gasket,
5 kegs old bolts of various sizes, 4 tons of old cast-iron, 30 lbs.
rubber packing, 14 proving heads, lot of old hose, 1 large prov-
ing press for 36-inch pipes, 1 small press.
Respectfully submitted.

ALBEET STANWOOD,
Superintendent Eastern Division B. W. W.

REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE
WESTERN DIVISION.

Natick, January 5, 1863.

Ebenezer Johnson, Esq., President of the Cochituate Water
Board :

Sir : In compliance with the Rules and Regulations of the
Board, the following Report of matters connected with the West-
ern Division of the Water Works is respectfully submitted :

The gate house, outlet dams, and other structures, together
with the roads and grounds around the lake, are all in good
order.

During the year the borders of the lake have been improved
by laying about fourteen hundred feet of slope wall, and sodding
the banks. This work had been rendered necessary by the
washing away of the banks, and in this connection I would
state that there are many places around the lake where the
banks are being washed away to such an extent that a few years
will bring the borders of the lake to the five rod line, and ren-
der necessary the purchase of more land. This action of the
water in these places could be stopped at a comparatively small
expense, and I recommend the subject to the attention of the
Board.

By order of the Board the meadow in front of the house
occupied by me has been much improved by filling up portions
of it, (which, during the warm weather contained stagnated
water,) and thereby strengthening the dam between this meadow
and the lake.

30 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 10.

In April I commenced filling up the cut between Dudley
Pond and the lake to the level of the adjoining land, and it was
left in as good, if not better condition, than before the cut was
made. The owners of the land were satisfied, and the residents
of the town much pleased, at the improvements made in the
highway.

The survey of Dudley Pond, ordered by the Board, has been
completed by Henry M. Wightman, from the City Engineer's
office, and the surveys for the re-location of old bounds are pro-
gressing satisfactorily. When the proper locations for the
bounds are fixed, stone monuments are put down instead of
stakes, and in future there will be no difficulty in finding them.

Dug Pond, last spring, lacked four feet of being full. This
deficiency was caused by some person or persons destroying the
dam across a brook leading into the lake. Mr. Knight ac-
quired the right to divert the water from this brook , through an
artificial channel, into Dug Pond, to insure the filling of the
pond by spring ; this right Mr. Knight- conveyed to the City,
but it is disputed by the owners of land on the brook, both
above and below the dam, and although the City, during the
life of Mr. Knight, has undoubtedly the right to divert the
water of this brook, still I would recommend to the Board a
settlement with these owners to avoid difficulty in future, and
secure to the City the perpetual right to divert the brook.

The bridges, culverts, waste-weirs, and embankments on the
line of the aqueduct, are all in good condition. The iron screws
and rods connected with the gates in the waste-weirs, having
become insecure by rust, were replaced by composition screws
and new iron rods.

The interior of the aqueduct during the year has been exam-
ined a number of times, and thoroughly cleansed. No new
cracks have been discovered, and no alteration is perceptible in
the old ones, with the exception of the one at Bennet's land in
Brighton, mentioned in my report of last year. At this place
one side of the top arch had settled an inch or more below the

WATER. 31

other; I shored it to prevent its settling any more, and upon
examination this year, the other side was found to be even with
it, and the crack seemed to be in better condition than it was a
year ago. I removed the shores, and pointed the crack, so
that any further settling would be discovered. This portion of
the conduit should be thoroughly repaired, but it is impossible
to do it, as the Brookline Reservoir is not large enough to keep
the city supplied while the work is being done. If any accident
to the conduit should occur at this place, great inconvenience
would ensue before the damage could be repaired.

Everything connected with Brookline Reservoir is in good
condition, with the exception of the gate to the 40-inch main in
the gate house, which will be repaired as soon as circumstances
will permit. The town of Brookline having laid out a new
road back of the reservoir, and altered the grade of the road in
front of it, a number of alterations were rendered necessary,
which by order of the Board have been satisfactorily completed,
and the reservoir has again resumed its usual neat and orderly
appearance, which during the progress of the work, it was im-
possible to maintain.

Annexed is a schedule of tools, &c., belongmg to the City,
and used on this Division.

Respectfully submitted.

E. F. KNOWLTON,
Superintendent of Western Division.

The following property is in charge of, and used by the
Superintendent of the Western Division : —

1 Horse Cart and Harness.

1 Express Harness.

2 Boats and 2 oars.

39 Wheelbarrows and 1 Handcart.
73 Shovels and 18 Picks.

32 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 10.

4 Crowbars, 4 Eammers.

2 Grindstones, 6 Water Pails.

1 Pair Rubber Boots.

6 Lanterns, 2 Aqueduct Lamps.

2 Hammers, 1 Level.

2 Handsaws, 2 Grass Hooks.

2 Iron Wrenches at Gate House.

2 • '* " " Brookline Reservoir.

4 Trowels, 2 Hoes, 4 Axes.

1 Fluid Can and Oil Filler.

1 Pair Hedge Shears.

2 Scythes and 1 Scythe Snaith.

1 Stove, 1 Desk.

2 Whitewash Brushes.
1 Gravel Scow.

1 Rain Guage.

WATER REGISTRAR'S REPORT.

Office of Watek Eegistrae, City Hall,
Boston, January 1, 1863.

E. Johnson, Esq., President of the Gochituate Water Board:

SiE : The undersigned respectfully presents to the Gochituate
Water Board his Annual Report for the year 1862, in compli-
ance with the sixteenth section of the Ordinance passed October
31, 1850.

The total number of water-takers now entered for the year
1863, is 26,289, being an increase since Jan. 1, 1862, of 803.

During the year there has been 1,204 cases where the water
has been shut off, all of which were for non-payment of water
rates.

The total number of cases were the water has been turned on
is 1,248 ; of these 774 were cases which had been shut oiF for
non-payment of water rates, and 474 were turned on for the
first time.

The total amount received from December 31,

1861, to January 1, 1863, is . . .$373,922 88
Of the above, there was received for water us^d

in previous years the sum of $9, 886. 51; leav-
ing the receipts for water used during the year

1862, the sum of $364,036.37. In addition
to the above there has been received for letting
on water, in cases where it had been turned off

for non-payment of rates, the sum of . . 1,548 00

Total amount $375,470 ^^

34

CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 10

The increased amount of income in 1862, over

the previous year, is ..... $8,599 42
The amount of assessments now made for the

present year, is 298,775 89

The estimated amount of income from the sales

of water during the year 1863, is . . 385,000 00
The expenditures of my department during the

year 1862, have been .... 3,615 51

The items of this expenditure have been as follows : — '■

Paid Charles L. Bancroft, for services as clerk . $ 900 00

" Stephen Badlam, " " . 900 00

" Edwin Jennings, for services as inspector . 782 50

" Charles C. Badlam, " " . 782 50

" J. L. Fairbanks, for books and stationery . 158 51

" E. D. Child, for distributing bills . . 32 00

♦« William Souther, for distributing bills . . 30 00

" Stephen Eussell, for " " . 30 00

Amount $3,615 51

Statement showing the number of houses, stores, steam en-
gines, &c., in the city of Boston, supplied with Cochituate
water to the 1st of January, 1863, with the amount of water
rates paid for 1862 : —

18,523 Dwelling-houses
15 Boarding "
105 Model "

5 Lodging "
25 Hotels
3,791 Stores and shops
187 Buildings .

$218,559 55

856 00

4,314 75

124 50

2,741 00

32,075 47

7,617 09^

Amount carried forward,

$266,288 36

WATER.

35

Amount brought forward,
296 Offices
53 Printing offices
22 Banks
20 Halls .

3 Theatres
22 Private schools

8 Asylums

5 Green houses

1 Catholic College

1 Medical College
60 Churches .

8 Markets
121 Cellars
404 Restaurants and saloons

11 Club houses

7 Bath houses .
13 Packing houses
958 Stables .
15 Factories .

3 Breweries

5 Beer factories

7 Bleacheries

60 Bakeries

5 Ship yards
1 Dry dock .
3 Dry docks and engines

61 Shops and engines

9 Stores and engines .

6 Mills and engines

7 Foundries and engines
9 Factories and engines
9 Printing offices and engines

$266,288 36
2,204 88
721 17
255 50
299 50
146 50
203 50
391 63

39 00
197 00

50 00
554 37
879 00
746 34
5,045 26
234 50
310 00
203 00
10,462 93
355 83

67 50
159 25

73 50
475 00

54 25

15 00
113 75
4,306 93
748 39
697 53
283 80
522 87
759 67

Amount carried forward,

$297,865 71

CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 10.

Amount hrought forward
Bakeries and engines

Ship yards and engines
Bindery and engine
Buildings and engines
42 Stationary engines

1 Pottery

5 Armories .
3 Gymnasiums .

712 Hose
27 Fountains

2 Gas light companies
1 Milldam company .
1 Post office .
1 State House .
1 Massachusetts State Prison

27 Steamboats

3 Railroad companies

1 House, First Street (city)

2 Offices (Niles Block) .
1 Office (City Scales)

1 Office (Harbor Master)

6 Fire-alarm motors ....

22 Engines, hose, and hook and ladder houses
271 Public schools ....

8 Police stations .....

2 City stables .....

1 Offal station .....

1 Steamer Henry Morrison

1 Court House

1 Probate Building ....

1 Dead House .....

1 House of Correction

$297,865 71

117 40

120 83

67 91

940 17

1,515 90

35 00

57 25

61 50

2,159 00

163 00

1,028 91

300 00

61 50

134 50

817 74

4,153 69

850 00

6 00

42 00

9 00

6 00

65 00

397 00

1,847 00

625 00

112 50

150 00

192 56

262 50

47 50

10 00

462 00

Amount carried forward,

$314,684 07

WATER.

37

Amount brought forward.

$314,684 07

1 Jail for Suffolk County

243 00

1 Lunatic Hospital . .

225 00

1 Public Library .....

50 00

1 Faneuil Hall

40 00

1 City Hall

50 00

1 City Building . . . . .

37 50

Common Sewer Depart. , (making mortar) ,

75 00

Urinals, &c., F. H. Market .

70 00

Contractors for supplying shipping

4,376 93

Street sprinkling . . . . .

410 00

Building purposes . . .

1,609 70

Navy Yard (Charlestown)

634 98

Custom House .....

156 00

Measured water . . . . .

41,374 19

Total ..

$364,036 37

38

CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 10.

Statement showing the number and sizes of Water Meters now in
use, and where applied, to January 1, 1863.

Eevere House .

Parker House

American House

Marlboro' Hotel .

Adams House .

Coolidge House

Tremont House

United States Hotel

Winthrop House

Bromfield House .

Hotel Pelham .

Sailors' Home

City Hotel

Mariners' House .

Pearl Street House .

Boston Hotel

Young's Hotel .

New England House

Merrimac House

Wildes' Hotel

Massachusetts Hotel

J. Adams (Boarding House)

Boston Sugar Eefinery

Boston and Worcester Eailroad Company

Boston and Maine Railroad Company

Old Colony Railroad Company

Pitchburg Railroad Company

Eastern Railroad Company

South Boston Gas Company

East Boston Gas Company

Norway Iron Company

Bay State Rolling Mill .

Boston Gas Light Company

J. Trull & Co. (Distillery)

J. M. Barnard "

S. Bowman, "

Pelton & Waters "

Stephen Jenney "

Stephen Jenney (Oil Mill)

W. E. French (Distillery)

John Pelton, "

Hodges & Silsbee (Chemicals)

W. D. Philbrick, "

Downer's Kerosene Oil Company

Shawmut Oil Company

Amounts carried forward,

SIZE OF METERS.

f inch. 1 inch. 2 inch. 3 inch

31

53

WATER.

39

f inch. 1 inch. 2 inch. 3 inch

Amounts hroiight forward,
Oriental Oil Company ....
Lee, Woodman, & Co. (Oil Mill) .
Pembroke Forge Company .
G. & W. Smith (Brewery)
Henry N. Hooper & Co. (Foundry)
William Carleton (Foundry) .
Ambrose Louis (Chemicals) .
W. K. Lewis (Pickle Manufactory)
W. H. Davis, " " . .

J. B. Hamblen & Co. (Pickle Manufactory)
American Grist Mill ....
Mount Washington Glass Company .
Chickering & Sons (Piano Manufactory)
Boston Crystal Glass Company
Dexter, Lambert, & Co. (Tassel Manufactory)
Sanborn, Richardson, & Co. (Iron Pipe Manf.)
Grover, Baker, & Co. (Sewing Machine Manf.)
Cunard Steamship Company .
East Boston Ferry Company
Chelsea Ferry Company .
People's Ferry Company
Hazelton & Locke (Paper Manufactory)
Henry Souther (Brewery) .
Evans & Hoyt (Distillery)
G. S. Evans (Sugar Manufactory)
Albion Building ....

McLean Asylum ....
Massachusetts General Hospital
Globe Locomotive Works
Aquila Adams (Machine Shop)
William Evans, " "

Torreys & Co. (Marble Works)
Hill, Dwinell, & Co. (Spice Mill)
Hinckley, Williams, & Co. (Foundry)
Aquarial Gardens
M. Grant (Marble Works)
Briggs & Robinson (Steam Engine)
Banker & Carpenter (Paint Mill)
F. Alger (Powder Mill)
United States Marine Hospital
Loring, Bangs, & Co. (Chemicals)
Bowker, Torrey, & Co. (Marble Works)
Houston & Pierce (Planing Mill) .
E. H. Maxwell (Brewery)
Atlantic Works (Machine Shop) .
A. Wentworth & Co. (Marble Works)
Cutting's Aquarial Garden
Kittredge & Co. (Turpentine Works)
William Rutledge (Brewery)
Hart, Baldwin, & Co. (Packing House)
E. L. Gowen (Marble Works)

Total

31

63

53
1
1
1
1
1

84

10

40

CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 10.

The following table exhibits the yearly revenue received from
the sales of Cochituate water, since its introduction into the city,
October 25, 1848 : —

Fro

m October 25, 1848, to January 1, 1850,

January 1, 1850,
1851,
1852,
1853,
1854,
1855,
1856,
1857,
1858,
1859,
1860,
1861,
1862,

1851,

1852,
1853,
1854,
1855,
1856,
1857,
1858,
1859,
1860,
1861,
1862,
1863,

Total,

$72,043 20

98,367 90

161,299 72

179,486 25

196,352 32

217,007 51

266,302 77

282,651 84

289,328 83

302,409 73

314,808 97

334,544 86

365,323 46

373,922 88

$3,453,850 24

WATER.

41

Statement showing the number and kind of Water Fixtures con-
tained within the premises of Water-takers in the City of Bus-
ton, to January 1, 1863, as compared with 1861.

1861.

1862.

REMARKS.

4,680

4,766

Taps ; these have no connection with any drain or sewer.

34,503

36,255

Sinks.

12,046

13,127

Wash-hand basins.

4,331

4,660

Bathing- tubs.

4,831

5,216

Pan water-closets.

4,298

6,252

Hopper water-closets.

256

816

Self-acting water-closets.

1,383

1,408

Urinals.

3,868

4,390

Wash-tubs ; these are permanently attached to the
building.

13

16

Shower-baths ; these are in houses where there is
no tubs.

10

12

Hydraulic rams.

709

714

Private hydrants.

171

211

Slop-hoppers.

71,099

77,843

Total.

Respectfully submitted.

WILLIAM F. DAVIS, Water Registrar.

EEPORT OF THE CITY ENGINEER.

Office of City Engineer, Boston, January, 1863.
Ebenezer Johnson, Esq., President of the Cockitiiate Water
Board :

Sir : The following report of matters connected with the
Water Works is respectfully submitted.

LAKE COCHITUATE.

During the past year the water in the lake has fluctuated in
the following manner : —

On the 1st of January, 1862, the water stood at the depth of
six feet and one inch above the bottom of the conduit, this being
three inches too low to fill the conduit, — its height being six
feet and four inches, — and being seven feet and eleven inches
below high-water mark. The water kept gradually falling until
January 25, when it stood at a depth of five feet above the bot-
tom of the conduit. It then commenced rising, and continued
to rise until the 7th of February, when it had again risen to six
feet above the bottom of the conduit, at which height it stood
one week. It afterwards fell only a few inches below this
height, and again, on the 5th of March, it stood at six feet
above the bottom of the conduit. From this time it gradually
rose until the 4th of May, when it reached high-water mark,
equal fourteen feet above the bottom of the conduit. It kept
full ten days and again commenced falling, and fluctuated be-
tween the heights of thirteen and fourteen feet, until the 1st of
August. It afterwards fluctuated, but gradually fell down to
eight feet ten inches, on the 27th of October. It then com-

WATER. 43

mencecl rising again, and on the 18th of December it had risen
to eleven feet and two inches. On the 1st of January, 1863, it
stood at eleven feet one inch above the bottom of the conduit.

During three days and a half in the month of May, water was
wasted from the lake into Sudbury River, amounting in all to
33,200,000 gallons, equal to about two days' supply for the
city. This was the total amount of waste for the whole year.

During the year it will be seen that we have gained a depth
of five feet of water in the lake, equal to about sixty days' sup-
ply,— nearly one fifth of the number of days in the year, — but
we have also had about one fifth more than the average annual
rain fall, showing that we used an amount equal to the average
annual rain fall, and also showing that we are now using all
that the lake can be relied on to furnish us annually.

We need more storage room with the present means of sup-
ply, as well as a new source of supply.

44

CITY DOCUMENT.— No. 10.

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46

CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 10.

Loss of Head from the Broohline Reservoir to Beacon Hill and
East Boston Reservoirs.

The effect of increased consumption of water in the city may
be seen, by reference to the table in this and previous reports
o^ average annual heights of water in the reservoirs.

A synopsis is given in the following table.

Average Annual Heights of Water
above Marsh Level, in

Brookline
Reservoir.

Beacon Hill
Reservoir,

East Boston
Reservoir.

^ k U

t>- M £

-d o S

H d ^

>w s :a

o 2 g

W § W

1^ ffi M

1850.
1851.
1852.
1853.
1854.
1855.
1856.
1857.
1868.
1859.
1860.
1861.
1862.

123.16
123.36
123.67
122.86
123.65
123.82
123.66
124.11
124.63
124.07
123.29
123.52
123.56

119.04
119.39
116.60
114.89
115.69
117.79
116.15
114.77
116.00
115.24
117.13
116.98
117.21

105.06
104.07
104.91
99.84
97.49
94.11
94.18
94.42
94.05
96-01
96.05
95.29

4.12
3.97
7.07
7.97
7.96
6.03
7.51
9.34
8.63
8.83
6.16
6.54
6.35

18.30
19.60
17.95
23.81
26.33
^9.55
29.93
30.21
30.02
27.28
27.47
28.27

WATER.

47

Conduit.

The following table shows the different heights at which the
water has been running, and the number of days in each month
at the different heights.

The heio-ht of the conduit is six feet four inches.

HEIGHTS IN FEET AND INCHES.

These heights show a
bead on the Conduit.

0.0

5.0

5.2

5.3

5.6

5.9

5.H

6.0

6.4

6.6

6.9

7.0

7.6

8.0

NUMBER OF DAYS IN EACH MONTH.

1

9

7

6

5
9

4

1

9

2
10
2

17
29
24

1

3

4

1

7

2

2

1
1

5

23
27
30
29
31
15
7

July

2

1

1
17

13

5

2

Total ■.

8

1

9

7

6

18

10

14

88

8

21

162

11

9,

'

It will be seen by this table that the conduit has been empty
only eight days during the year. It has been just full eighty-
eight days ; less than full sixty-five days ; and for two hundred
and four days it has been running with a head on it, varying
from two inches to one foot and eight inches.

48

CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 10.

Monthly Fall of Rain in Inches, in 1862.

PLACES AND OBSEKVBRS.

MONTH.

11

Hi H

a a

1 -

Lowell, by

Merrimac Manufac. Co.

J. B. Francis.

Lowell, by

Locks and Canals Co.

J. B. Francis.

>>

hn d
•73 o

S ^

6 6

January

February

March . - ,

April

May

, 7.82
1.08
4.18
1.85
2.71
6.58
6.54
1.43
2.62
4.83
7.69
2.36

8.30
3.29
4.70
1.97
2.70
6.78
7.33
4.20
5.61
4.85
8.32
3.01

6.86
3.27
4.85
1.75
1.99
6.04
5.20
2.29
1.87
3.92
4.60
1.62

6.02

2.68
5.20
2.22
1.90
5.77
5.20
2.55
2.18
3.62
5.08
2.29

7.70
2.79
6.21
1.73
2.32
6.29

July

August

September

October

November . —
December

5.05
6.29
4.66
5.24
6.73
2.20

Totals

49.69

61.06

44.26

44.61

57.21

Note. — Melted snow is, as usual, included in the above amounts of rain-fall.

WATER.

49

Annual Amount of Rain-Fall, in Inches, in Lake Cochituate, Boston,
and vicinity, 1852 to 1862, inclusive.

PLACES AND OBSERVERS.

TEAR.

1 ^
a i

1-5 H

« a

1 ^.
ffl Hi

6 ^

1 t
^ f4

Lowell, by

Merriniac Manufac. Co.

J. B. Francis.

Lowell, by

Looks aud Canals Co.

J. B. Francis.

« 1

1852..
1853..
1854..
1855..
1856..
1857..
1858..
1859..
I860..
1861..
1862..

43.15
34.96
40.80
63.10
48.66
49.02
55.44
46.44
49.69

47.94
48.86
45.71
44.19
52.16
56.87
52.67
56.70
51.46
50.07
61.06

40.51
53.83
45.17
47.59
53.79
57.92
45.46

46.95
50.14

42.24
45.04
41.29
40.63
42.83
44.04
37.40
48.49

42.78
43.92
42.08
44.89
42.49
49.38
37.73
47.51
46.91
43.32
44.26

48.41
45.97
52.02
35.80
48.41
46.67
42.95
44.61

38.58
53.27
46.25
39.05
40.97
44.74
44.51
45.29
38.24

According to Mr. J. P. Hall's measurements of rain-fall in
Boston, the average annual amount for twenty-nine years pre-
vious to 1852 was 42.24 inches ; and for one third of that time
the annual amount was less than the average of 41 inches. In
1828 it was only 32.41 inches.

The above table gives the average annual amount in Boston,
for the past eleveu years, — 1852 to 1862, inclusive, — as
7

50 CITY DOCUMENT.— No. 10.

51.61 inches, or an increase over the average for the previous
twenty-nine years of 22 per cent. A similar increase has taken
place, to a greater or less extent, at all the places mentioned in
the above table ; showing that since the construction of the
Water Works the annual rain-fall has been much larger than
we have a right to expect or calculate on for any series of
years.

In Providence, R. I., Prof. Caswell makes the average an-
nual rain-fall, for twenty-nine years previous to 1861, equal
40.7 inches.

Respectfully submitted. »

JAMES SLADE, City Engineer.

w^

':^^:-<^l,!^'^i^

PUBLIC LIBRARY

CITY OF BOSTON.

ABBREVIATED REGULATIONS.

One Tolume can be taken at a time from the
Lower Hall, and one from the Bates HalL
Books can be kept out 14 days.

A fine of 2 cents for each volume will be
incurred for each day a book is detained more

than 14: days.

•

Any book detained more than a week be-
yond the time limited, will be sent for at the
expense of the delinquent.

No book is to be lent out of the household
of the borrower.

The Library hours for the delivery and re-
turn of books are from 10 o'clock, A. M., to
8 o'clock, P. M., in the Lower Hall ; and from
10 o'clock, A. M., until one half hour before
sunset in the Bates HaU.

Every book must, under penalty of one dol-
lar, be returned to the Library at such time
in August as shall be publicly announced.

The card must be presented whenever a
book is returned. For renewing a book the
card must be presented, together with the
book, or with the shelf-numbers of the book.