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City Document, — No. 20.
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REPORT
COCHITUATE WATER BOARD
CITY COUNCIL OF BOSTON,
FOR THE YEAR 1864.
CITY OF BOSTON,
In Common Council, January 5, 1865.
Ordered : That the Cochltuate Water Board be authorized
to make their Annual Report in print.
Sent up for concurrence.
WM. B. FOWLE, Jr., President.
In Board of Aldermen, January 9, 1865.
Concurred.
G. W. MESSINGER, Chairman.
Approved January 10, 1865.
F. W. LINCOLN, Jr., Mayor.
, \
REPORT.
Office of the Cochituate Water Board,
Boston, January 15, 1865.
To THE City Council : —
The Cochituate "Water Board respectfully submit their Annual
Report for the year 1864, together with those of the Clerk of the
Board, the Superintendents, City Engineer, and Water Regis-
trar, to which they would refer you for the more minute details
of the several departments.
The Works are divided into two divisions, the Western and
Eastern ; the former embracing that portion of the line from the
Lake to the Brookline Reservoir, and is under the superin-
tendence of Mr. E. F. Knowlton, who resides at the Lake ;
and the latter embracing that portion of the line East of the
Brookline Reservoir, including all the works in the city, and is
under the superintendence of Mr. E. R. Jones.
(
western division.
During the last year there have been sold several tracts of land
near the Lake, and distributed along the line of the conduit,
which were of no use to the city, while the taxes on the same
were a burden, without any equivalent ; these lots embraced
about 43 acres, and were sold at prices varying from $40 to
per acre, the sum total received being $3,596.24.
Q, CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
At the Lake, there has been laid during the year some fifteen
hundred feet of slope wall to protect the banks from washing
awaj, and above this wall the banks have been sloped and
sodded ; there has also been erected a filtering dam, which has
proved very satisfactory to filter the water of Pegan Brook,
which passes through the village of Natick and empties its
waters into the Lake.
During the year the water has been shut off from the conduit
four times, in order that it might be examined, cleaned, and re-
paired. During such time it was visited by members of the
Board, and we regret that we cannot report favorably as to its
present condition ; several cracks were discovered and repaired
as well as could be during the short time the water could remain
shut off, but the entire conduit requires a thorough examination,
cleaning, and repairing, which cannot be done effectually until a
new reservoir is completed ; as we have at present no means of
supplying the city during such repair, which would take several
days if not weeks to complete.
We cannot but feel gratified that such active steps have al-
ready been taken by the city in regard to the construction of a
new reservoir, covering an area of 100 acres, the land for which
the sum of $50,000 has been already appropriated, and applica-
tion made to the Legislature for an Act to enable the same to
be constructed ; and we feel that we cannot press the importance
of the undertaking too forcibly upon the City Council ; for in
our opinion it is of vital consequence, for the safety of the entire
line of the conduit from the Lake to the Brookline Keservoir,
that it should be completed in the shortest possible time, and we
earnestly request that you will give the subject your early at-
tention.
The water at the Lake was at its highest point on June 3,
when it reached fourteen feet above the bottom of the conduit,
but from that time it gradually fell oiF until December 26, when
it was but four feet ten inches above the bottom and one foot
six inches below the top of the conduit. During the latter part
KEPOKT OF THE WATER BOARD." 7
of November and the first of December the water in the Lake
was falling so rapidly that the Board had under consideration,
and was making investigations, as to the best artificial means
to be adopted for raising the water to a sufficient height to flow
into the conduit ; but before any method was decided upon, the
water began to rise and has continued to gain, and they were
relieved from this serious subject.
It gives us great pleasure to be able to report that all out-
standing claims of every description, which the Board have any
knowledge of, have been satisfactorily adjusted.*
EASTERN DIVISION.
Ever since 1859, when the new 40-inch main was laid over
the Milldam, there has been an unsettled question as to the
right of the city to maintain this pipe ; for several years petitions
have been made to the Legislature for an Act to enable the city
to hold the same, but parties adverse to our interest have been
able to defeat us or postpone the subject until this year, and
we are now able to report that the matter has been settled and
the right given for the city to maintain the same forever ; there
will now be no question about our being able to supply the
Back Bay lands, which might have arisen, had we been com-
pelled to remove this pipe.
The fender, which protects the main pipe that supplies East
Boston as it passes under the Warren Bridge, having been
broken away, has been thoroughly repaired, in such a manner
that we believe it will last for many years.
All the pipes and works in the city are in good condition, and
there have been fewer leaks than usual, the only one of any
* Dug Pond. — In our last Annual Report we stated that we had been unable
to eifect a settlement for a perpetual right to divert the waters of Broad Brook
on the east side of this Pond, since which time we have accomplished the
object, and secured the right forever, by the payment of the sum of five
hundred dollars.
8 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
consequence being the breakage of one of the large gates on
Tremont Street near Dover ; this was so well managed by the
Superintendent, that no one was interrupted in their supply of
water, although the old gate was removed and a new one sub-
stituted. During the past year 6,634 feet of new pipe have
been laid, making a total to January 1, 1865, of 136 miles
3,497 feet.
WASTE OF WATER.
This subject, which has been brought to the notice of the City
Council in the Annual Eeports of this Board for many years,
has been and will continue to be a source of great anxiety, and
one that will require active measures to prevent. The last
two months the Lake was at such a low point that the Board
believed it to be their imperative duty to use every means in
their power to put a stop to the enormous waste which they
felt sure was taking place, and they commenced by issuing a
Circular to the citizens, calling their attention to the fact ; this
had a very good and marked effect, but still a great waste con-
tinued, and as the Lake was still falling a second notice was
issued, and persons having hand hose were requested to dis-
continue its use, and it was also decided to employ a suitable
number of persons to examine all the water fixtures throughout
the city and to report each day at the office any waste that
might be discovered, and also all leaks ; this was immediately
carried out by the Water Registrar, and the result has proved,
that nearly one half of the water that has been brought into
the city has been wasted; for the first ten days, which included
about one third of the city, there were reported 531 cases
where water was running to waste, and 1,353 cases where the
fixtures were out of order and water was leaking on that account.
We have no doubts whatever but that the supply of water is
ample for years to come if used in a liberal but proper manner.
The active measures which the Board has adopted have al-
ready greatly reduced the consumption, or we should say waste
EEPOET OF THE WATER BOAED. 9
of water, and our reservoirs are now nearly full. According
to the estimate of the Engineer, the average amount of water
brought into the city daily is 16,681,000 gallons ; to bring this
enormous quantity we have been obliged to run our conduit to
its utmost capacity, and thereby endangering the Works ; and as
we know that a large part of this is wasted, we shall continue
to use every* means in our power to find out and prevent the
same.
METERS.
Each year we are adding to the number of meters ; at the
present time we have 312 in use, and 35 are ordered but not yet
received ; nothing but their great cost prevents our applying
them to all consumers, as it is the only sure way to prevent a
continual waste, as consumers give their fixtures more attention
when they are paying for any leakage.
COST OF THE WORKS.
Amount paid by the Commissioners, and by the Water
Board from the time the Works came under the control of the
latter $6,001,676 68
Sundry payments by the city, $73,025 82
Interest on loans, 4,472,453 31
4,545,479 13
• $10,551,155 81
Amount paid the City Treas-
urer by the Commissioners
and Water Board, $184,513 98
Sundry credits by the city, 66,384 36
Amount received for Water
Eates, , 4,279,067 25
$4,529,965 59
Total cost of the Works, January 1, 1865, $6,021,190 22
10 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
Making the cost of the Works $112,617.59 more than it
was on January 1, 1864.
EECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES.
There has been received from the Treasury during
the year, ..... $85,817 66
Of this amount there is charged to the extension
of the Works, 48,000 59
Amount of current expenses, $37,817 07
It will thus be seen that the amount drawn from the Treasury
is $12,727.98 less than last year, although the current expenses
are $4,884.76 more than last year, the difference being more
tlian made up by the falling off in the expense of the extension
of the Works.
The total number of water-takers entered for 1865 is
27,046, being an increase over last year of 465.
The total amount received for the year 1864 for water-rates
was $431,986.76, being an increase over the previous year of
$36,204.51. The estimated amount of receipts for the year
1865 is $450,000.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
EBENEZER JOHNSON, President.
GEORGE DENNIE,
L. MILES STANDISH,
NATHANIEL J. BRADLEE,
ALEXANDER WADSWORTH,
JONAS FITCH,
JOHN H. THORNDIKE.
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES.
Statement of Expenditures made by the Cochituate Water Board,
from December 31, 1863, to January 1, 1865.
Wages laying service pipe
" " main "
" Blacksmith shop
' ' Plumbino; ' '
" Proving yard
Repairing hydrants
" streets
" service pipe
" stop-cocks
" main pipe
Main pipe
Service pipe
Lake
Aqueduct repairs
Stable .
Brookline Reservoir
East Boston Reservoir
South " "
Beacon Hill '*
Miscellaneous expense, annual visit of the City
Government to the Lake, expenses of the Board,
binding Reports, &c. . . . .
Amount carried forward,
13,544 50
4,007 98
1,085 79
719 93
2,625 02
1,717 02
2,365 32
3,190 94
460 79
1,433 22
11,179 26
10,855 69
4,001 14
1,069 67
986 45
648 29
415 12
464 15
596 80
2,071 04
$53,438 12
12
CITY DOCUMENT, — No. 20.
Amount brought forward,
$53,438 12
Stop-cocks
.
' 1,778 05
Proving yard, for stock, &c. .
•
1,479 76
Hydrant and stop-cock boxes
.
2,600 31
Off and on water .
.
3,636 75
Hydrants ....
.
1,540 26
Taxes .....
.
1,051 37
Salaries, (including Clerks and
Inspectors in
the
Water Registrar's Office,)
.
8,981 22
Meters ....
.
6,412 75
Travelling expenses
.
217 50
Carting ....
.
147 49
Fountains
.
124 18
Office expense
.
96 00
Printing, (including Water Registrar's and Superin-
tendent's)
.
.
740 02
Maintaining meters
.
811 29
Tolls and ferriages
. .
.
147 03
Blacksmith shop, for stock, &c.
.
414 08
Postage and express
.
.
20 87
Tools ....
. .
278 09
Laying main pipe, (for stock, &c
•) • •
.
790 12
Oil
.
138 10
Stationery, (including stationery
for Water Re
gis-
trar and Superintendents,)
.
.
323 67
Plumbing shop, for stock, &c.
.
15 00
Laying service pipe
.
.
4 10
Damage ....
.
15 99
Watching Water Works
/
•
615 54
$85,817 66
• EEPORT or THE WATER BOARD. 13
Amount brought forward^ 185,817 QQ
CASH PAID CITY TREASURER.
Eeceived for rent of Arches under Beacon Hill Eeser-
voir $300 00
Eeceived for land sold . . . 3,596 24
" pipe, laying, &c. . 5,838 41
" " mortgages sold . . 4,461 60
" " pasture and grass . . 47 00
Eeceived for off and on water for non-
payment . . . $1,276 00
Eeceived for fines and waste . 1,601 00
" repairs . . 1,185 75
4,062 75
Less this amount paid City
Treasurer . . . 1,276 00
2,786 75
17,030 00
Balance . . . . . $68,787 QQ
Amount of expenditures . . . $85,81766
EXTENSION OF THE WORKS.
Wages laying main pipe . . $ 4,007 98
" " service pipe • . 3,544 50
" " blacksmith shop . 600 00
" " plumbing . . . 500 00
" " proving yard . . 1,400 00
Main pipe 11,179 25
Service pipe .... 10,855 69
Laying main pipe . . . . 790 12
Laying service pipe ... 4 10
Blacksmith shop .... 250 00
Amounts carried forward, $33,131 64 85,817 QQ
14
CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
Amounts hr ought forward,
Plumbing shop
Hydrant and stop-cock boxes .
Stable ....
Oil
Hydrants
Stop-cocks
Carting . . . .
Tolls and ferriage
Tools
Proving yard . ...
Meters ....
Lake ....
Amount of annual expense
$33,131 64 85,817 QQ
15 00
1,900 00
380 00
85 00
. 1,540 26
1,778 05
75 00
75 00
. 200 00
700 00
6,412 75
1,707 89
48,000 59
$37,817 07
Expenditures and Receipts on Account of the Water Works , to
January 1, 1865.
ount drawn by Commissioners
$4,043,718 21
Water Board, 1850,
366,163 89
' 1851,
141,309 23
' 1852,
89,654 20
' 1853,
89,854 03
' 1854,
80,182 35
' 1855,
63,866 33
' 1856,
81,429 35
1857,
96,931 25
' 1858,
1859,
' 1860,
' 1861,
1862,
' 1863,
' 1864,
76,006 01
385,652 47
146,304 55
73,977 29
86,264 22
98,545 64
85,817 66
$6,005,676 68
EEPORT OF THE WATEE BOAED.
15
Amount
brought forward,
16,005,676
68
Amount paid
the City Treasurer
by
the Coi
umlssioners
.
$47,648 38
Am't
paid by
Water Board
1850,
8,153 52
C(
1851,
5,232 38
((
1852,
15,869 12
il
1853,
4,621 40
ii
1854,
12,423 29
il
1855,
9,990 38
a
1856,
7,840 43
i i
1857,
13,750 00
a
1858,
9,200 00
i i
1859,
5,554 00
a
1860,
3,287 51
ti
1861,
10,618 11
(<
1862,
3,295 00
( (
1863,
10,000 46
a
1864,
17,030 00
184,513
98
$
5,821,162
70
Sundry payments by the city, ^
73,025 82
Interest on loans,
4,472,453 31
4,545,479
13
1
0,366,641
83
Sundry credits by the city . 66,384 36
Amount received for water-rates
(as per City Treasurer's ac-
count) . . . 4,279,067 25
4,345,451 61
$6,021,190 22
SAMUEL^. DYER,
Clerk Cochituate Water Board.
REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OE THE EAST-
ERN DIVISION.
Boston, January 4, 1865.
Ebenezer Johnson, Esq., Pres. Cochituaie Water Board: —
Sir : I beg leave to submit this, my Annual Report. I
believe the works under my charge to be in as good condition as
in any year heretofore. The whole number of feet of main
pipe laid the past year is 6,634, being but about one half that
of the year previous. This small amount, as you are aware, is
owing to the fact of so few buildings having been erected on
new lands. The number of men employed in this part of our
work during the year, has been less than one half; yet the cost
of all material has been more than double that of former years.
In addition to the main pipe laid, I have raised, to correspond
with the present grade of the streets, six hundred and twelve
feet of pipe on Brookline Street, one hundred and fifty-six feet
on Fifth Street, six hundred and seventy feet on Pembroke
Street, and two hundred and five feet on Paris Street. I would
here observe that there are eighteen other streets, or parts there-
of, where the mains are in the same condition as these were
before they were raised, and I recommend that they should be
raised. The mains were originally laid at a proper depth, but
the grade of the streets have been altered by the city so much,
that, in some cases, they are six feet below our usual grade.
The expense of raising has been borne by this Department, and
it is a question with me, which I leave for your consideration,
which Department it should be charged to.
EEPOET OF THE WATER BOARD. 17
The whole number of service pipes put in during the year is
four hundred and twenty- four ; length, fourteen thousand and
one hundred and forty-two, being seventy-one in number, and
about six thousand in feet, less than last year.
There has been no leak In the forty-inch main the past year,
and the most in large pipes have been in the thirty-inch and
thirty-six inch on Tremont Street. The large mains have been
shut off only three times during the year ; twice on Tremont
Street and once on Washington Street. On the sixteenth of
November a leak was reported at the corner of Dover and
Tremont streets, which proved to arise from the breaking of
the flange from the body of one of the thirty-six inch gates.
This was temporarily repaired at the time, and on the Saturday
night following the gate was taken out and replaced by another.
The injured gate was taken to the yard for inspection, and a
crack, three feet in. length, was found in the body, held together
only by the clamps. It was deemed advisable to break it up.
By direction of the Board, I have ordered drawings to be made
for one of an improved pattern, which will soon be ready for
inspection.
All the hydrants are now made in the workshop of the De-
partment, and of a size to correspond with the requirements of
the steam engines of the Fire Department. A good part of the
original hydrants were so defective in their construction that I
have not considered it economy to repair them, and when taken
out are replaced by new ones and are condemned. This makes
this part of my Department more expensive that that of former
years. Those hydrants that will admit of repairs, I propose,
this year, to insert nipples sufficiently large to make them equal
in size to the new ones. I think that all that are now in
can be increased this way to nearly the requisite size, but the
cost will be so great that I cannot do It without the sanction of
the Board.
The reservoirs have had the usual attention this year. The
Beacon Hill Is tight, the South Boston shows no sign of leakage,
and the East Boston shows about the same as formerly.
3
18
CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
The subject of accretions in the iron mains has been under
consideration many years. In 1858, a line of twenty-inch pipes,
coated with bitumen as an experiment, was laid under Dover
Street Bridge. As soon as the height of water in South
Boston Reservoir will admit, I propose to open these pipes for
the inspection of the Board.
•
Statement of Location, Size, and Number of Feet of Pipe laid in 1864.
In what Sti-eet.
Between what Streets.
Diameter of
pipe in inches.
Feet of pipe.
Berkley.
Albany .
Newton
Canton ,
Clarendon
St. James
Eutland Square.
Montgomery.. ..
Chestnut ,
Warren Avenue .
Brookline
Harrison Avenue
Concord Square.
Unknown street
Lawrence
Albany
Various streets .
Broadway
Dorchester Avenue
Dove
Quincy
Maverick.
Condor . .
Marginal.
BOSTON PROPER.
Appleton /ind Lawrence
Sharon and Plympton
Total 12 inches in Boston
West of Tremont
Appleton street and Columbus Avenue
Berkley and Clarendon
West of Tremont
Canton and Dedham
Messenger and Otter
Dedham and Canton
West of Tremont
Total 6 inches in Boston
For Hinckley, Will'ams, & Co
West of Tremont
Messenger and Otter .■
Berkley and Clarendon
For City Swill House
Connections with Fire Reservoirs
Total 4 inches in Boston
SOUTH BOSTON.
MandO
For Norway Iron Works
Dorchester and F
C and D
Total 4 inches in South Boston ....
EAST BOSTON.
McKay & Aldus's Shipyard
Brooks and Putnam
CHELSEA.
North of Meridian Street Bridge
19
921
940
52
171
5?2
178
72
368
261
120
325
2,119
288
306
400
682
206
1.35
1,917
670
142
264
90
496
547
20
25
REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD.
19
KEOAPITULATIOK
1864.
Diameter in inches.
Section.
36
12
8
6
4
^ . ^ (
940
1
1
2,119
8
570
20
1,917
19
Boston Proper... J
/
Total number of feet laid
49(3
South Boston.... j
East Boston |
Total number of feet laid
547
^^ , <
25
Chelsea J
1
940
1
1
2,709
8
2 9'^5
20
CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
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II
KEPOET OF THE WATEE BOAED.
21
Statement of Service Pipes laid in 1864.
Boston Proper.
South Boston.
East Boston,
TotaL
a
a
Number
Length
Number
Length
Number
Length
Number
Length
i
of
in
of
in
of
in
of
in
as
S
Pipes.
Feet.
Pipes.
Feet,
Pipes.
Feet.
Pipes.
Feet.
1|
1
22
1
19
2
41
1
8
308
2
86
3
85
13
479
1
6
670
2
92
8
762
1
149
5,547
60
2,613
46
1,320
255
9,480
i
59
1,392
67
1,361
20
627
146
3,380
Aggre
424
14,142
Maldng' the total number up to January 1, 1865 25,259
Repairs of Pipes during the Year 1864.
DIAMETER OF PIPES IX INCHES.
"^
* WHERE.
40
36
30
24
20
16
12
8
6
4
2
9
1
1
11
1^
29
29
U
5
5
1
21
5
1
27
i
1
1
1
246
43
21
310
k
3
7
1
11
o
9
3
1
3
4
6
-
23
3
5
31
36
2
38
391
64
34
Totals
9
3
1
7
6
4SQ
Of the leaks that have occurred in pipes of 4 inches and up-
wards, 79 were on the joints, 8 by settling of the earth, 3 by-
defective cocks, 2 by frost, 3 by defective pipes; total, 95.
Of the leaks of 2 inches and in service pipes, 132 were caused
by settling of earth, 29 stopped by rust, 1 eaten by rust, 44
22
CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
stopped bj fish, 57 by defective pipes, 16 stiff connections, 5
defective cocks, 1 by drain digger, 1 stopped by nails, 12 by
defective joints, 22 by defective couplings, 27 by frost, 5 by
boxing, 13 by being struck with picks, 3 by cocks blowing out,
7 by cocks being pulled out, 10 knawed by rats, 3 stopped by
gravel, 3 by gasket, 2 by pile driving, 1 by drawbridge.
Total, 394.
Statement of the numher of Leaks, 1850-1864.
DIAMETER OF
Four inches
and upwards.
Less than
four inches.
Total.
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
186't
32
64
82
85
74
75
75
85
77
82
134
109
117
97
95
72
173
241
260
280
219
232
278
324
449
458
399
373
397
394
104
237
323
345
354
294
307
363
401
531
592
508
490
494
489
EEPORT OF THE WATER BOARD.
23
Hydrants.
During the year twenty-eight new Hydrants have been estab-
lished, as follows : Nineteen in the City proper, five in South
Boston, three in East Boston, and one in Chelsea.
Total number of Hydrants established up to January, 1865
983
322
In Boston proper
South Boston
East Boston
Brookline
Roxbury
Charlestown
Chelsea
Total
191
3
12
11
1,530
Thirty-five Hydrants have been taken out and replaced by
new or repaired ones, and fifty-nine boxes have been renewed.
The Hydrants have had all the attention of former years paid
them.
FIRE RESERVOIES.
The following Fire Reservoirs have been connected with the
main pipes during the year : —
Derne Street, corner of Temple Street.
Somerset Street, opposite Allston Street.
Walnut
( ((
Chestnut "
Chestnut
( a
West Cedar Street.
Irving '
' corner of Cambridge ' '
Chambers '
i a
Poplar *'
Green
( ( (
Leverett, "
Hancock '
( ((
Cambridge ' '
Blossom '
' opposite
McLean "
24
CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
Auburn Street, corner of Livingston Street.
opposite Spring "
* ' Merrimac ' '
" the Schoolhouse.
corner of Traverse Street.
' ' Salem ' '
Leverett
Causeway-
Hawkins
Friend
Cooper
The stock and labor for the above connections, amounting to
1 1,855, is charged to the Fire Department.
Sto'p-Cocks.
Thirty new stop-cocks have been established this year, and
fifty-one boxes over old ones have been renewed. All the
cocks have been oiled and the usual attention paid them.
EEPOET OF THE WATER BOARD.
25
Statement of Pipes and other Stock on hand, exclusive of Tools, Jan-
uary 1, 1865.
NUMBEK OF
DIAMETER IN INCHES.
40 36 30 24 20 16 12
6 4 3 2
Pipes .
Blow-off Branches.
Y. Brandies
3 Way Branches . . .
4 Way Branches . . .
Flange Pipes
Sleeves
damp Sleeves
Caps
Keducers
Bevel Hubs
Curved Pipes
Quarter Turns
Double Hubs
OflFset Pipes
Yoke Pipes ,
Man-Hole Pipes . . .
One eighth Turns .
Pieces of Pipes
Stop-Cocks
38
Hydrants. 7 new Lowell, 2 Wilmarth (old), 1 Lowell
(old).
For Hydrants. 25 bends, 36 lengtheners, 3 framesi, H
covers, 65 plungers, 55 screws, 50 wastes, 73 nipples, 33
valve seats, 56 stuffing boxes, 2 goose-neck couplings, 4 hose
couplings, 212 lbs. composition castings, 2,611 lbs. iron cast-
ings, 32 lbs. iron castings for wharf hydrants, 24 comp. coup-
lings for ditto, 4 wharf hydrants.
26 CITY DOCUMENT, — No. 20,
For Stop-CocJcs. 3 36-inch screws, 1 30-mch ditto, 2 24-
incli ditto, 1 16-inch ditto, 3 12-inch ditto, 17 6-inch ditto, 11
4-inch ditto, 6 4-inch unfinished ditto, 1 ditto for waste weir,
1 ditto for Brookline Reservoir, 3 12-inch plungers, 6 6-inch
ditto, 6 4-inch ditto, 4 6-inch rings, 23 4-inch ditto, 2,447 lbs.
Iron castings for 6-inch, 1,125 lbs. ditto for 4-inch.
Meters. In the shop, 1 2-inch, 4 1-inch, 7 f-inch composi-
tion, 6 1-inch iron, 6 f-inch ditto, and 6 -|-inch Scotch, in use,
1 4-inch, 4 3-inch, 15 2-inch, 120 1-inch, 159 |-inch. Besides
the above there are 8 f-inch, 1 1-inch, 1 2-inch, and 2 4-inch
meters belonging to private individuals, under the care of this
department.
StocJc for Meters. 249 lbs. composition castings^ 3 2-inch
male couplings, 48 |-inch ditto, 23 1-inch female ditto, 30 1-
inch nipples, 51 f-inch ditto, 13 f-inch connecting pieces, 6 1-
inch ditto, 5 2-inch ditto, 4 2-inch nipples, 5 1-inch stop -cocks,
4f-inch ditto, 16 clocks, 20 glasses, 77 rubber nipples, 11
brass spindles, 10 feet leather hose, 10 iron bolts, 4 sheets straw
board, 2 lbs. rubber packing, 8 platforms, 18 covers, 8 frames.
For Service pipes . 9 1-inch union cocks, 28 f-inch ditto, 79
•|-inch ditto, 35 ^-inch ditto, 9 1-inch T cocks, 10 f-inch ditto,
4 f-inch ditto, 6 Y cocks, 5 air cocks, 31 straight f-inch cocks,
6 2i-inch connection couplings, 12 1^-inch ditto, 43 1-inch ditto,
50 1-inch ditto, 110 |-inch ditto, 18 i^inch ditto, 173 f-inch
female couplings, 150 |-inch ditto, 8 2-inch flanges, 8 1-inch
ditto, 25 1-inch ditto, 8 f-inch unfinished union cocks, 102 ^-
inch ditto, 13 unfinished T cocks, 10 ditto Y cocks, 34 lbs. J-
inch coupling castings, 23 lbs. 1-inch ditto, 101 tubes, 11 ditto
and flanges for 1-inch cocks, 35 long boxes, 13 T boxes, 6 Y
ditto.
Lead Pipe. 511 lbs. 2-inch, 616 lbs. 2i-inch, 545 lbs. 1
i-inch, 535 lbs. 1-inch, 1,036 lbs. 1-inch, 1,037 lbs. f-inch,
662 lbs. i-inch, 36 lbs. f-inch block tin, 48 lbs. f ditto, 600
lbs. sheet lead 3,191 lbs, pig lead, 63 lbs. solder.
Blacksmith's Shop. 695 lbs. square iron, 1,400 lbs. round
REPORT or THE WATER BOARD. 27
ditto, 675 lbs. flat ditto, 211 lbs. cast steel, 977 lbs. working
pieces iron, 1,040 lbs. scrap iron.
. Carpenter''s Shop. 5,000 feet of pine plank, 200 feet of oak
ditto, 300 feet of spruce boards, 4 hydrant boxes, 5 stop-cock
boxes, 1 large meter box, 1 small ditto, 2 wharf hydrant ditto,
38 top pieces, 50 unfinished hydrant boxes, 3 unfinished meter
ditto, 50 lbs. spikes.
Stable. 3 horses, 3 wagons, 1 buggy, 1 chaise, 4 sets
harness, 1 pung, 2 sleighs, 800 lbs. English hay, 1,000 lbs.
salt hay, 2(5 bushels grain, stable utensils. ^
Tools. 1 steam-engine, 1 large hoisting crane, 1 boom der-
rick, 4 geared hand derricks, 2 sets of shears, and all the rig-
ging for the same, tools for lying main and service pipes, and
for repairs of the same, 1 steam-engine, 2 engine lathes, 1 fox
ditto, 1 hand ditto, 1 upright drilling machine, 3 grindstones,
and the necessary tools for carrying on the machine, black-
smith's, carpenter's, and plumber's shops, 3 large tool houses, 2
small ditto, 1 40-inch proving press, 1 36-inch ditto, 2 small
ditto, also office furniture.
At Beacon Hill Reservoir. 5 swivel pipe j)atterns, 1 swing
stage, capstan frame and levers, 1 composition cylinder, 1
6-inch ditto, 4 jets, 1 reducer, and 2 sets of 12-inch plates,
and 2 4-inch plates, 3 composition reel jets, 6 cast-ii"on jets, 1
drinking fountain, also a large lot of patterns stored at the pipe
yard and at the founderies where we obtain castings.
Miscellaneous. 100 tons paving gravel, 500 bricks, 325 lbs.
gasket, 5 keg-bolts, 375 feet of hose, 1^ cords wood, 35 gal-
lons oil, 200 lbs. old composition, 1 load sand, 17 reservoir
gate covers, 5 man holes, 6 plates, lot of old lumber, lot of
machinery from Marlboro.
Respectfully submitted,
E. E. JONES,
Superintendent Eastern Division B. W. W.
REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE WESTERN
DIVISION.
Natick, January 5, 1865.
Ebenezer Johnson, Esq., President Cochituate Water Board.
Sir : in compliance with the Rules of the Water Board the
Superintendent respectfully submits a statement of the work
done on the Western Division.
LAKE COCHITUATE.
All necessary repairs at the gate house, dams, bridges, roads,
walks, fences, and grounds, around the Lake, have been made.
Agreeably to your order I have laid five hundred and fifteen
yards of slope wall to protect the banks of the Lake from wash-
ing. The banks have been sloped and sodded down to the top
of the wall, which has much improved the appearance of the
borders of the Lake.
A dam has been built as ordered by the Board to filter the
water of Pegan Brook, which passes through the village of
Natick, and empties its waters into the Lake.
From January 1, 1864, to June 1, water was wasted from
the Lake at the outlet dam eighty-one days ; the quantity wasted
will be given you by the City Engineer, Mr. Crafts. The gates
at the outlet dam were closed June 1 , the Lake being at that time
14 feet above the bottom of the conduit, from that time to the 1st
of August it was drawn down 4 feet to supply the city, the
EEPORT OF THE WATER BOAED. 29
gates of the outlet of Dug Pond were then opened, which kept the
water in the Lake from falling any lower, until the 13th of August,
at which time Dug Pond was all drawn off except what it afforded
by springs and rain fall, which by careful measurement amounted
to nearly a million of gallons per day. Since the 13th of Aug-
ust it gradually fell till on the 24th of December it was but 4 feet
10 inches above the bottom of the conduit, lower than it has
ever been since the water was introduced into the city.
In accordance with your order, on the 24th of December the
waters of Dudley's Pond were let into the Lake, and have been
kept running from that time ; this by the aid of the late rain
storms, has caused the waters of the Lake to rise, and to day it
is six feet three inches above the bottom of the conduit.
BRICK CONDUIT AND LINE OF AQUEDUCT.
All the bridges, waste- weirs, pipe chambers and culverts are
in good condition ; the banks of the aqueduct have been repaired
in a number of places and sodded to prevent them from being
washed by the heavy rains. The water has has been drawn off
from the conduit four times during the past year for examina-
tion, repairs, and cleaning, by order of the Board. First, it
was shut off above Charles River on the 8th day of April, at 6
o'clock P. M. and let into the conduit again on the 9th at 12 M.
the vvater being off eighteen hours ; during this time it was
cleaned and examined from the Lake to Charles River. There
are a number of places on this section which need repairs, but
in the limited time which the water could be kept off it was im-
possible to make them, and they were temporarily repaired for
the season. The water was again shut off the 13th of June at
6 o'clock P. M. and let on ao;ain at 12 M. on the 14th eighteen
hours ; during this time the pipe chamber on the east side of
Charles River was repaired, and swing gates placed in the
chamber to prevent the water from wasting from the Brookline
Reservoir and conduit east of Charles River, in case of a break in
30 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
the aqueduct west of Charles River ; and also to examine the
conduit from the River to the Brookline Reservoir, w^hich it has
been impossible to do farther than the waste-vreirs at Newton
Centre, owing to the great quantity of water in the conduit. On
arriving at the reservoir, I found the gate at the upper gate house,
which shuts the water from the conduit at the reservoir, broken.
It had been repaired and a set of stop plank made and placed
in the gate house to guard against another accident of the kind.
The third time the water was shut off was on the 7th of Sep-
tember, and the water was drawn off to examine a leak. A
large crack was discovered in the conduit near the waste-weir
in the 13th Section, and the water had forced its way through the
bank of the aqueduct. After the reservoir had been filled with
water the gates at the Lake were again closed for the 4th time
September 16, at 4 o'clock P. M. the conduit emptied and the
leak repaired. The conduit was also examined from the reservoir
to Newton Centre ; the water was let on the 17th at 12 M. hav-
ing been off twenty hours and causing the water in the reservoir
to fall two feet nine inches, equal to twenty million gallons.
There are other places in the conduit this side of Charles River
which need repairs, but it would require more time than could
be given, as the conduit contains when full fifteen million gal-
lons ; and to do the necessary repairs would require the conduit
to be emptied at least six times, causing a waste of ninety mil-
lion gallons, which could not be spared when the Lake is low.
Nothing of importance has been done to Brookline Reservoir
during the year except to keep the banks and walks in order.
You will find annexed a schedule of tools, &c. belonging to
the city and used in this Department.
Respectfully submitted,
E. F. KNOWLTON,
Superintendent Western Division.
EEPOET OF THE WATER BOARD. 31
The following property is in charge of and used by the
Superintendent of the Western Division : —
1 Horse Cart and Harness.
1 Express Wagon.
1 Express Harness.
2 Boats and 4 Oars.
19 Wheelbarrows and 1 Handcart.
49 Shovels and 10 Picks.
4 Crowbars, 4 Rammers.
2 Grindstones 4 Water Pails.
4 Pairs Rubber Boots.
6 Lanterns, 2 Hammers.
1 Level, 2 Handsaws.
2 Grass Hooks.
2 Iron Wrenches at Gate House.
2 " " at Brookline Reservoir.
4 Trowels, 2 Hoes, 2 Axes.
1 Fluid Can and Oil Filler.
1 Pair of Hedge Shears.
1 Stove, 1 Desk.
1 Gravel Scow, and Screen.
1 Rain Gauge.
f Cask Nails.
WATER REGISTRAR'S REPORT.
Water Eegistrar's Office,
Boston, Dec. 31, 1864.
E. Johnson, Esq., President of the Cochituate Water Board: —
Sir : In conformity with the 16th section of the Ordinance,
the following Report is herewith submitted : —
The total number of water-takers now entered for the year
1865, is 27,046, being an increase since January 1, 1864, of
465. During the year there has been 745 cases where the
water has been turned off for non-payment of water-rates.
Of this number 630 havg been turned on, leaving a balance of
115 still remaining off.
The total number of cases where the water has been turned
on for the first time, is 472.
The total amount received from December 31, 1863, to Jan-
uary 1, 1865, is . . .' . . $430,710 76
Of the above, there was re-
ceived for water used in
previous years, the sum of $ 17,807 98
Leaving the receipts for water
used during the year 1864,
the sum of . . . 1412,902 78
In addition to the above, there
has been received for letting
on water in cases where it
had been turned off for
non-payment of rates, the
sum of . . . . . . . 1,276 00
Total $431,986 76
EEPOKT or THE WATEE BOAED. 33
The increased amount of income in 1864 over
the previous year, is ..... $36,204 51
The total amount of assessments now made for
the present year, is .... 309,627 58
The estimated amount of income from the sales
of water during the year 1865, is . . . 450,000 00
The expenditures of my office during the year
1864, has been 4,200 34
The items of this expenditure have been as follows, viz: —
Chas. L. Bancroft for services .... $ 975 83
Stephen Badlam " " .
Edwin Jennings " »
Chas. C. Badlam '^ " .
William Souther " distributing bills
A. D. Child " '« " . .
G. E. Eic'hardson " " "
Chas. W. Little " " "
J.E. Farwell&Co. " printing .
J. L. Fairbanks " stationery
The order which passed your Board December 21, 1864,
directing the Water Registrar to employ twenty men to exam-
^e and report all places where the water fixtures were out of
order, and the water found running to waste, has been com-
plied with, and the result shows the necessity of the order.
The total number of cases reported during the past ten days, is
1,808. Of these 1,353 were cases of fixtures out of repair,
and 531 were reported for wasting water.
975
83
849
81
849
81
24
00
24
00
24
00
10
00
283
52
183
54
$4,200
34
34 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
METERS.
The meter system continues to grow in favor, and witli few-
exceptions gives general satisfaction. The total number of
meters now in use is 312, being an increase since January 1,
1864, of 58. During the past 60 days a series of experiments
have been commenced by attaching meters to the premises of a
variety of establishments, embracing Club Houses, Restaurants,
Confectioners, Oyster Saloons, and buildings occupied by sev-
eral tenants, and the result proves the benefit of their appli-
cation ; and I am convinced that with the aid of meters similar
results would follow with almost every class of consumers.
REPOET OF THE WATER BOARD.
35
STATEMENT " •
Showing the Numhej- and Sizes of Water Meters now in Use, and
where applied, to January 1, 1865.
Revere House
Parker House
American House
Marlboro House
Adams House
Coolidge Hoiise
Tremont House
United States Hotel
Bromfield House
Hotel Pelham
Sailors' Home
City Hotel
Mariners' House.
Boston Hotel ..
Young's Hotel
New England House
Merrimac House
Wilde's Hotel
Massachusetts House
J. Adams's Boarding House
Quincy House
Elm Street House
National House
Central House
Webster House
Hancock House
Evans House
Dooley's Hotel
Berkley House
Trimountain House
Appleton's Hotel
Merchants' Hotel
Boston Sugar Refinery
Worcester Railroad Company
Maine Railroad Company
Old Colony Railroad Company
Fitchburg Railroad Company
Providence Railroad Company
Eastern Railroad Company
Midland Southern Railroad Company .
Navy Yard
Amounts carried forward 42
SIZE
OF METERS.
I inch.
1 inch.
2 inch.
3 inch.
4 inch.
3
4
2
1
2
1
4
4
3
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
'
2
2
1
1
5
2
2
1
1
4
3
2
2
2
1
5
1
1
2
42
48
5
1
2
36
CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
Amounts brought forward. . . .
United States Marine Hospital
Massachusetts General Hospital. . .
McLean Asylum
Massachusetts State Prison
Bay State EoUing Mill
Norway Iron Company
Pemhroke Forge Company
D. Dyer (Rice Mill)
Farrar, FoUett, & Co
Boston Gas Light Company
South Boston Gas Light Company.
East Boston Gas Light Company . .
Cunard Steamship Company
East Boston Ferry Company
Chelsea Ferry Company
Torreys & Co
Bowker, Torrey, & Co
E. L. Gowan
A. Wentworth
J. Trull & Co
J. M. Barnard
S. Bowman
Felton & Waters
F. H. Jenny
W. E. French
John Felton & Son
Graves & Hoyt
J. Foote
Gushing & Beach
S. H.L.Pierce
Chauncy Page
Benjamin Pope & Co
J. A. Robertson
Bennett & Co
Manson, Peterson, & Co
J. J. McNutt
J. R. Coolidge
J. F. Paul
Henry N. Hooper & Co
William Carleton
South Boston Iron Company
C. Alger (Powder Mill)
Hinckley, Williams, & Co
Downer's Kerosene Oil Company
Shawmut Oil Company
Oriental Oil Company
H. Richardson
Lee, Crocker, & Co
Hodges & Silsbee
Philbrick & Parsons
Loring, Bangs, & Co
Henry Souther (Brewery)
Amounts carried forward 80
I inch. 1 incli. 2 inch. 3 inch. 4 inch
42
1
80
13
BEPOET OF THE WATER BOAED.
37
Amount l7~oug'ht forward
William T. Van Nostrand
George W. Smith
S. H. Litchfield
Fairbanks & Beard
Howard Theatre
Mount Washington Glass Company
Boston Crystal Glass Company . . . .
W. K. Lewis
W. H. Davis
J. G. Hamblen
H. M. Richards
Chickering & Sons
J. L. Ross
Dexter, Lambert, & Co
Sanborn, Richardson, & Co
Grover, Baker, & Co
G. E. Evans
Thomas Oxnard
Hazleton & Bailey
Globe Locomotive Company
Boston Milling Manf. Company
Hill, Dwinell, & Co
S. C. Taylor
Warren Color Company
Aerated Bread Company
J. B. Fowle & Co
Kittridge & Co
Aquilla Adams
William Evans
Atlantic Works
R. Hoe & Co
George McLauthlin
J. J. Walworth & Co
Edwards & Kershaw
Briggs & Robinson
Schenkl & Dana
Banker, Carpenter, & Co
Stimpson, Valentine, & Co
Jarvis & Hall
Albion Building
Hart, Baldwin, & Bothume
Aquilla Adams
Donald McKay
T. R. Burnham
SuflFolk Salt Works
Boston Music Hall
Second Church Society
R. B. Brigham
Carter, Mann, & Co
Fulton Iron Company
Pavilion
Denio & Roberts
J. Hobart
Amount carried forward
I inch. 1 inch. 2 inch. 3 inch. 4 inch
80
111
80
1
110
13
13
3S
CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
Amount hrought forward
E. S. Wright & Co. .
Charles Copeland
Peter Brigham
E. W. Johnson
Atlantic Works
Leavitt & Co
G. H. Dickerman
H. Atwood
Globe Works
Eagle Sugar Company
Eowler & Co
Bay State Sugar Company
Campbell & Coverly
Underhill & Brother
Stebbins & Anderson ■. .
Mason & Hamlin •
Sanborn & Parker
Watson & Bisbee
Ereeman & Sears
G. H. Fox &Co
Simpson Dry Dock Company
Paul Curtis
Eichard Price . <.
Commercial Wharf Company
St. Mary's College
Union Club House
McKay & Aldus
P. Doane
Vinton & Copeland
Medical College
W. D. Parks .".
Suffolk Lead Works
George W. Vinton
S. D. &H. W. Smith
Union Building
Somersett Club House
E. F. Porter
Merchants' Exchange
New England Life Insurance Company .
Haley, Morse, & Co
Jonathan Cottle
E. S. Higgins
J. Higgins
E. Perkins
J. M. Learned
Thomas Jameson
Curtis & Tilden
Studio Building
Monks Building
Phcenix Building
City Exchange
Niles Building
I inch. 1 inch. 2 inch. 3 inch. 4 inch
Total 163
111
2
110
128
13
U
EEPORT OF THE WATEE BOARD.
39
The following Table exhibits the yearly revenue received from
the sales of Cochituate water, since its introduction into the
city, October 25, 1848 : —
From October 25
1848
to January 1
, 1850,
172,043 20
' ' January 1 ,
1850
J
1851,
98,367 90
1851
if,
1852,
161,299 72
1852
it
1853,
179,486 25
1853
i i
1854,
196,352 32
1854
, (, i
1855,
217,007 51
1855
((
1856,
266,302 77
1856,
ii
1857,
282,651 84
1757,
i i
1858,
289,328 83
1858,
a
1859,
302,409 73
1859,
li
1860,
314,808 97
1860,
a
1861,
334,544 8Q
1861,
ti
1862,
365,323 46
1862,
a
1863,
373,922 88
1863,
ii
1864,
394,506 25
a a
1864,
Total
1865,
430,710 76
14,279,067 25
40
CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
Statement showing the number of houses, stores, steam en-
gines, &c. in the City of Boston, supplied with Cochituate
water to the 1st of January, 1865, with the amount of water-
rates paid for 1864 : —
19,309 Dwelhng-houses
. $232,384 04
27 Boarding " .
1,544 00
101 Model " ., .
4,345 00
9 Lodo'ina: " .
233 00
17 Hotels .....
1,142 00
4,315 Stores and shops
. 38,673 62
217 Buildings ....
9,325 78
368 Offices ....
2,832 58
46 Printing offices
685 50
24 Banks ....
292 50
35 Halls ....
515 50
2 Theatres
44 50
22 Private schools
197 00
9 Asylums
361 13
4 Greenhouses
30 00
67 Churches
657 33
7 Markets ....
804 50
110 Cellars ....
706 00
379 Restaurants and saloons
4,609 05
9 Club houses
240 50
3 Bath houses
220 00
14 Packing houses
232 34
957 Stables ....
10,914 86
16 Factories
513 37
1 Brewery ....
6 m
1 Beer manufactory
50 00
6 Bleacheries . . .
76 00
1 Laundry ....
25 00
Amount carried forward,
$311,661 76
EEPORT or THE WATER BOARD.
41
Amount hronght forward,
1311,661 76
1 Dyehouse
.
54 00
63 Bakeries .
.
520 00
4 Shipyards
.
51 67
2 Dry docks and
engines
. ' . 34 00
56 Shops and
do.
3,328 50
15 Stores and
do. .
1,103 80
1 Mill and
do.
169 20
7 Foundries and
do. .
287 43
4 Factories and
do.
403 2Q
11 Printing arid
do. .
803 79
1 Bakery and
do.
33 00
3 Shipyards and
do. .
264 06
1 Bindery and
do.
93 50
4 Buildings and
do. .
. , . 746 94
1 Pottery and
do.
35 00
36 Stationery engines
1,492 64
6 Armories
.
60 00
3 Gymnasiums
.
. . 56 50
941 Hand-hose
.
2,831 00
19 Fountains
. . .
124 00
2 Gaslight companies
801 15
1 Milldam company
122 00
1 Postoffice
.
67 00
1 Statehouse
.
134 50
28 Steamboats .
, ,
5,395 18
3 Offices, Niles Block .
36 00
1 Office, Harbor Master .
6 00
1 Office, City Scales
9 00
1 Old State House .
27 00
6 Fire-alarm meters . ,
65 00
22 Fire engine, hose, and hook a
nd ladder
houses .
• • >
wardf
350 00
Amount carried for
6
$331,166 88
42
CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
Amount brought forward,
$331,166 88
278 Public schools
1,888 00
8 Police stations ....
719 00
2 City stables ....
135 00
1 Offal station ....
200 00
1 Steamer, Henry Morrison .
192 56
1 Court-house ....
262 50
1 Probate building
47 50
• 1 House of reception
10 00
1 House of correction .
462 00
1 Jail for Suffolk County . ...
243 00
1 Lunatic Hospital
225 00
1 Public Library ....
250 00
1 Free City Hospital .
50 00
1 Faneuil Hall ....
40 00
1 City Hall ....
51 00
1 City building ....
37 50
Common Sewer Department, making
mortar
50 00
Public urinals ....
145 00
Contractors for supplying shipping
2,618 35
Street sprinkling ....
400 00
1 Deer park . . . ' .
10 00
Hydrants, Boston Common
50 00
Building purposes
1,217 98
1 Custom-house ....
153 00
1 U. S. Court-house
102 00
Measured water ....
72,176 51
\
$412,902 78
EEPORT OF THE WATER BOARD.
43
Statement showing the Number and hind of Water Fixtures con-
tained within the Premises of Water-takers in the City of Boston
to January 10, 1865, as compared with previous years.
1862
1863
1864
KEMAEKS.
4,766
4,789
4,831
Taps. These haA^e no connection with
any drain or sewer.
36,255
37,289
38,844
Sinks.
13,127
14,100
15,488
Wash-hand basins.
4,660
4,921
5,262
Bathing-tubs.
5,216
5,788
6,286
Pan water-closets.
6,252
6,529
7,117
Hopper water-closets.
816
846
935
Self-acting water-closets.
1,408
1,548
1,644
Urinals.
4,390
4,967
5,535
Wash-tubs. These are permanently at-
tached to the building.
16
17
12
Shower-baths. These are in houses
where there are no tubs.
12
12
12
Hydraulic rams.
714
729
708
Private hydrants.
211
216
275
Slop-hoppers.
77,843
81,751
86,949
Total.
Respectfully submitted,
WILLIAM F. DAVIS,
Water Registrar.
REPORT OF THE CITY ENGINEER.
Office of City Engineer, Boston, January, 1864.
Ebenezer Johnson, ^^q.. , President of the CocUtuate Water
Board : —
Sir : The following Report of matters connected with the
Water Works is respectfully submitted.
LAKE COCHITUATE.
The condition of the structures and grounds at the Lake and
the improvements made during the past year, being fully set
forth in the Report of the Superintendent of the Western Di-
vision, it is only necessary to refer to his Report for information
upon this subject.
The water in the Lake, at the beginning of the year was, ac-
cording to the reports of the Superintendent, 13 feet 11 inches
above the bottom of the conduit, and remained at about this
height — rising at one time to 14 feet — until June 3.
On the first of July it had fallen to 12 feet 7 inches. Dur-
ing the month of July it fell from 12 feet 7 inches to 10 feet,
or at the rate of one inch per day. It then continued to lower,
with slight fluctuations, until the 26th of December, when it
had reached a level of only 4 feet 10 inches above the bottom
of the aqueduct, — a fall since July 3, when the Lakewas full,
of 9 feet 2 inches. Since December 26, it has been gradually
EEPORT or THE WATEE BOAED. 45
rising, and on the 1st of January stood at 5 feet 8 inches, a gain
in -five days of 10 inches, or at the rate of 2 inches per day
with every prospect of a steady increase. It would now seem
that the danger which has been apprehended of being obliged to
resort to artificial means of raising the water from the Lake
into the aqueduct, in order to supply the usual great consump-
tion incident to the winter months, has now passed.
A Table of the average monthly and yearly heights of water
in the Lake above the bottom of the aqueduct for the past four-
teen years has been prepared and is herewith submitted"; from
which it appears that the yearly average height of the Lake for
the past year has been 10,x%*o feet, being a trifle lower than for
years 1860, 61, 62. It will also be seen, that the monthly
averagfe height for December last, — the lowest since the works
were constructed, varies only -y^^js of a foot from the average for
January, 1862, and, in fact, that the present low stage of the
water is 9,lmost exactly paralleled in the winter of 1861, 2.
We should be admonished by the experience of the past year,
when, — with a rain-fall of 42x®ff inches, our supply ran so low,
— of the danger that we should incur, if the rain-fall should
happen to be as small as in 1822, which was only 27tV inches.
The want of adequate storage room has probably been more
forcibly exemplified in this year's experience than ever before.
We began the year with the Lake full, and during the first five
months there was wasted at the outlet dam 1,368,746,000
gallons or enough to supply the city for 82 days at the rate of
consumption for the past year. All this amount, however,
could not have been retained even if the dam had been two feet
higher, as was recommended in the Report of the former engi-
neer, as the capacity of the additional two feet would have
been not over one-half the amount wasted. Although the pro-
posed new Reservoir will furnish storage room for an amount
equal to the capacity of an additional two feet at the Lake ;
nevertheless, it must be apparent that the storage capacity of
the Lake itself should be increased unless the obstacles in the
46 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
form of damages should be found to be insuperable. We must
either make the total capacity of the Lake, as a receptacle of the
rain-fall on its water shed, available by increasing its storage ca-
pacity, or, in a few years, seek an additional source of supply.
By reference to the statement herewith submitted of the rain-
fall on the water shed of the Lake, the amount consumed and
wasted, the available amount received into the Lake, and the
available percentage, it will be seen that the daily average
amount received into the Lake for a term of eleven years was
about 23,000,000 gallons, while the capacity of the aqueduct to
deliver, even if thoroughly strengthened, cannot safely exceed
20,000,000 gallons per day, an amount, "which, if storage room
could be provided, would adequately supply, even at the prsent
rates of consumption, a population of 235,000.
Water has been wasted from the Lake, during the past year
as follows, viz : —
In January, for 22 days, 266,420,604 gallons.
" February," 6 " 7,120,452 "
" March, " 101 " 582,656,370 "
" April, '' lOi " 373,482,932 "
" May, " 25 " 139,065,713 "
5 months, 73J 1,368,746,071 "
PEGAN BROOK.
The water of the stream known as Pegan Brook, which
passes through the centre of the village of Natick and empties
into the Lake at its southeast corner, receives in its flow a great
deal of offensive matter, so much, in fact, as to render its diver-
sion or purification a matter of great desirability if not of neces-
sity.
A personal examination of the premises, in company with
your Board was made last summer, when it was determined to
make a survey of the most practicable route for an aqueduct or
EEPOET OF THE WATER BOAED. 47
drain to divert this water to Bannister's Brook, and thence into
Sudbury River, and to estimate the cost thereof. In view of
the known great cost of such a work, especially at the present
high rates of labor and materials, an expedient was suggested
which it was thought might serve to mitigate temporarily at
least, the nuisance. This plan was to build across the meadow,
which is from 80 to 100 feet wide at the mouth of the brook,
a dam of such materials that the waters of the brook, under a
slight head, should filter through, thus arresting much of the
filth which would otherwise pass into the Lake. A plan was
proposed for a dam to be built of common field-stone, except a
space three feet in width in the centre of the embankment ex-
tending its whole length, to be filled with fine pebbles or
screened gravel, which may be replaced whenever the filter be-
comes foul or clogged, without disturbing the rest of the dam.
To provide for unusual flows of water, as in case of spring
freshets, a flume, five feet in width, provided with stop-plank
was to be built through the dam.
This plan was adopted by the Board and has been executed
in a thorough manner under the direction of the Superintendent,
Mr. Knowlton. Its cost was only about $ 500, and, thus far,
has worked admirably. A very recent examination showed the
water issuing in a perfectly clear state along the whole outer
line of the dam under a head of only one foot three inches, thus
showing that the filter was working quite as satisfactorily as
was expected.
Several routes for an aqueduct to divert this brook have been
reconnoitred, and the one deemed the most feasible has been
surveyed. The length of brick aqueduct to be built on this
route would be about 2 J miles, with cuttings for nearly one
mile, averaging 22 feet, and fillings for the rest of the distance,
varying from one to twelve feet. By this route the aqueduct
would commence about 1,000 feet east of the present filter dam,
at a point on the brook which is about 7 feet above high-water
mark in the Lake ; thence, following the course of the brook
48 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
to near the border of the southeastern part of the Lake, about
1,000 feet; thence along the southern border of the Lake and
by the northerly side of the Worcester railroad, about 3,000
feet ; thence in a northwesterly and northerly direction, along
the shore of the Lake about 3,600 feet, crossing land of Mrs.
Sally Walker and land of Willard Morse ; thence in a north-
erly direction, leaving the edge of the Lake, through land of
said Morse, of Martin Badger, and of Caroline Morse about
2,400, to a road known as Speen Street; thence, following
this road, about 2,000 feet; thence leaving the road on the
easterly side thereof and passing through land of Aaron Train
and others, about 1,000 feet, and thence by an open ditch about
700 feet to the present ditch, which leads from the meadow op-
posite the Superintendent's house to Bannister's Brook.
The size of aqueduct required has not been determined, as
no opportunity has yet occurred for gauging the maximum flow
of the brook.* It is probable, however, that a diameter of
three feet, which, with a fall of three feet per mile would dis-
charge over 8,000,000 gallons in twenty-four hours, would be
sufficient to carry off the large quantities which the brook brings
down in spring freshets.
An aqueduct of this size, built on the route above described,
would cost, at present prices, not less than | 70,000, a sum
which nothing less than absolute necessity should justify the
expenditure of. At all events, before incurring such an ex-
pense, it would be well to exhaust all other expedients for pre-
venting the filth from entering the brook, and for the purifica-
tion of its waters before entering the Lake. The Board should
control, by purchase or otherwise, the borders of the brook as
far as possible, say from its mouth to the culvert under Wal-
cott's Block ; then, if the sewage from Fay's Factory, which
appears to be the chief source of impurity, could be diverted,
* Since this was written, and during the recent rain, the flow of the brook has been
gauged, and though not a maximum flow, was found to be 1,060,000 gallons in twenty-four
hours.
EEPORT OF THE WATER BOARD. 49
and the present filter dam maintained in its present efficiency,
it is quite certain that the evil would be effectually cured, and
at a moderate cost compared with the expense of an aqueduct.
We should also save the water, which, although not very
great in amount, helps to make up the total supply, which, even
at the present rate of consumption, is not over abundant. I
would also suggest that an analysis of the water of this brook,
taken at several points above the dam in its present condition,
and compared with the same water after it has passed the filter,
also with the water at the gate-house, which is about three miles
distant, would determine whether the impurities, gross as they
appear, are of that nature to deleteriously affect the quality of
the water.
CONSUMPTION OF WATEE.
The usual statement of the daily average amount of water
consumed, for the past and previous years since 1849, is here-
with presented, and it appears that the average for the year is
16,681,000 gallons per day, being an increase over last year of
442,500 gallons per day. It will be seen that the average
daily consumption for the months of November and December
is about 2,000,000 gallons less than for the corresponding
month of last year, — a fact that is gratifying, and is undoubt-
edly owing to increased vigilance and care on the part of our
citizens, inspired by fears of a short supply, and by the extra
exertions of the Board and its officers in tracing out sources of
waste.
The estimates of consumption for the past year have been
made according to the method employed the year previous.
Some comparisons have been made of this method with various
formulas for obtaining the discharge of canals and pipes under
similar conditions, and all the investigations I have made this
year confirm the opinion expressed in my last Report, that the
estimates for a number of years past have been too large.
The greatest amount consumed on any one day during the
7
50 CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
winter months of 1864, was about 23,700,000 gallons on the
nineteenth of February, and greatest amount for any one day
In the summer, was 20,300,000 on the 24th of June.
CONDUIT.
A statement of the condition of the conduit and the repairs
made during the year, will be found in the Report of Superin-
tendent of the Western Division.
The importance of a thorough strengthening of the conduit
in its weak places, especially on embankments, is, I doubt not,
fully appreciated by the Board ; and I have nothing further to
add to the suggestions in my last lieport upon this topic, except
it be to urge the importance of putting the conduit in condi-
tion to deliver the water for the new Reservoir when completed.
In its present condition it is hardly safe to exceed the daily re-
quirements of the city, whereas if it were thoroughly strength-
ened it could be made to deliver at least 20,000,000 gallons
daily.
PEOPOSED NEW EESERVOIE.
Some additional surveys and rough estimates have been made
during the past year in connection with this project ; but, as
yet, the surveys have been too imperfect to form a reliable esti-
mate of its cost. If it should be decided to go on with this
work, a complete and minute survey must be made, which will
require some months to finish. I would therefore suggest the
expediency of commencing the survey as soon- as possible. The
importance of this work has been so fully set forth in former
reports, and the Board is so well satisfied of its necessity, that
any arguments In its favor would be entirely superfluous at this
time.
EEPORT OF THE WATER BOARD. 51
EASTERN DIVISION.
The Board is referred to the detailed Report of the Superin-
tendent of this Division for a statement of the general condi-
tions of the works in his Department.
I have prepared, and herev^^ith submit, the usual tabular
statement of the average monthly heights of water in the reser-
voirs at Brookline, Beacon Hill, South and East Boston, above
tide-marsh level, for the past five years.
By this Table it will be seen that, notwithstanding the low
state of the water at the Lake, the average height of the water
in Brookline Reservoir for the whole year has been well main-
tained, being only -^^^ of a foot less than last year, and only
xV^ of a foot less than in 1862 — the highest average of the
five years. It also appears that the height of water in the
several City Reservoirs has been well maintained, — at Beacon
Hill being only tVtt of ^ foot less than last year ; at South Bos-
ton 1.09 feet less ; while at East Boston there has been a gain
of 1.88 feet.
The yearly average loss of head from Brookline to tlie City
Reservoirs for the past five years is shown by the following
table, in feet and hundredths : —
I860. 1861. 1862. 1863. 1864.
Loss from Brookline to Beacon Hill 6.16 0.54 6.35 6.27 6.10
" " " "S.Boston 11.43 9.66 8.93 11.05 11.82
" " " "E.Boston 27.28 27.47 28.27 30.24 28.04
It will thus be seen that the loss of head to Beacon Hill has
been less the past year than for the four previous years ; to South
Boston it has been greater, while at East Boston it has been
less than for the two previous years.
52
CITY DOCUMENT, — No. 20.
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EEPOET OF THE WATEE BOAED.
53
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54
CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
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EEPOKT OF THE WATEE BOARD. 55
From the foreffoino^ statement it will be seen that the conduit
has been empty only four days during the past year ; partly full,
with a depth of water varying from four feet ten inches to six
feet three inches, for sixty-nine days ; just full, (six feet four
inches in depth,) two days ; and for the remainder of the year,
(two hundred and ninety-one days,) it has worked under a head
of from one inch to two feet.
56
CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
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REPORT OF THE WATER BOARD.
57
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58
CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
Monthly Fall of Rain in Inches, in 1864.
January . .
February .
March ....
April
May
June
July
August . . .
September
October...
November
December .
Totals
:iM
3.37
0.98
8.44
4.02
2.84
0.58
1.06
3.56
1.52
6.50
5.45
4.28
PLACES AND OBSERVERS.
3.87
1.43
11.75
4.72
3.31
1.47
1.90
4.17
2.60
4.80
4.00
5.28
49.30
BE
2.79
1.13
9.86
3.65
2.70
1.64
1.4G
3.09
2.51
4.37
4.36
4.69
42.25
go
2.44
0.89
8.03
2.56
2.56
1.25
1.62
3.22
2.91
3.79
3.93
4.91
38.11
JO
2.64
0.98
8.42
3.59
2.81
1.07
1.82
3.64
2.90
3.84
4.09
4 94
o
3.34
0.89
6.59
7.81
2.91
0.78
1.20
2.55
1.68
4.60
3.52
4.59
.39.46
si.
fe-o-g
^ SO!
3.00
0.90
6.84
4.44
2.20
0.70
1.16
2.51
2.30
4.97
4.04
3.50
30.56
ft4 :
4.66
1.53
4.74
2.46
3.15
1.22
1.46
4.05
2.. 36
2.85
3.42
4.93
36.83
Note. — Melted snow is, as usual, included in the above amounts of rain-fall.
REPOllT OF THE WATER BOAED.
59
Annual Amount of Rain-Fall, in Inches, in Lake Gochituate, Boston,
and vicinity, 1849 ^o 1864, inclusive.
PLACES
AND OBSERVERS.
YEAR.
oT
ttf
3
"3
T3
C
O
CQ
by E. Hobbs and
, Ag-ent, Boston
ring Company.
a a
la
li o
"S
<
ll
a
o
o
M
2 o
Waltham,
J. R. Scott
Manufactu
Lowell, by
ufacturing-
Erancis.
II
o a
8
g
2
1849
....
40.30
40.97
40.74
41.90
34.69
1850
53.98
54.07
62.13
51.09
51.48
1851
....
44.31
41.97
41.00
45.68
....
43.30
1852
* 47.93
47.94
40.51
42.24
42.78
38.58
1853
* 55.86
48.86
53.83
45.04
43.92
....
53.27
1854
43.15
45.71
45.17
41.29
42.08
46.25
1855
34.96
44.19
47.59
40.63
44.89
48.41
39.05
1856
40.80
52.16
53.79
42.33
42.49
45.97
40.97
1857
63.10
56.87
57.92
44.04
49.38
52.02
44.74
1858
48.66
52.67
45.46
37.40
37.73
35.80
44.51
1859
49.02
56.70
....
48.49
47.51
48.41
45.29
1860
55.44
51.46
46.95
....
46.91
46.67
38.24
1861
46.44
50.07
50.14
43.32
42.95
44.25
1862
49.69
61.06
57.21
....
44.26
44.61
50.09
1863
69.30
67.72
56.42
53.66
52.37
57.81
54.17
1864
42.60
49.30
....
36.56
38.11
40.64
36.88
* By J. Vannevar.
It appears from the foregoing Table that in only one year since
the works were completed (1855) has the annual rain-fall at
the Lake been so small as for the past year.
60
CITY DOCUMENT. — No. 20.
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'. o M o o
EEPOET OF THE WATEE BOARD. 61
I desire to return my thanks to the several gentlemen who
have so kindly furnished me with their annual records of the
rain-fall for the past year.
Respectfully submitted,
N. HENRY CRAFTS,
City Engineer.
n:
PUBLIC LIBRARY
OF THB
CITY OF BOSTON
ABBREVIATED REGULATIONS.
One volume can be taken at a time from the
Lower Hall, and one from the Bates HaU.
Books can be kept out 14 days.
A fine of 2 cents for each volume will be
incurred for each day a book is detained more
than 14 days.
Any book detained more than a week be-
yond the time limited, wiU be sent for at the
expense of the delinquent.
No book is to be lent; out of the household
of the borrower.
The Library hours for the delivery and re-
turn of books are from 10 o'clock, A. M., to
8 o'clock, P. M., in the Lower Hall ; and from
10 o'clock, A. M., untn one half hour before
sunset m the Bates Hall.
Every book must, under penalty of one dol-
lar, be returned to the Library at such time
in August as shall be publicly announced.
The card must be presented whenever a
book is returned. For renewing a book the
card must be presented, together with the
book, or with the shelf-numbers of the book.
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