BOSTON
PUBLIC
UBl^RY
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
JAMES J. DAVIS. Secretary
BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
COMMISSIONER GENERAL
OF IMMIGRATION
TO THE SECRETARY OF LABOR
^
FISCAL y"E:ar
ENDED JUNE 30
1924
WASHINGTON ^
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1924
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CONTENTS
Page
Report of the Commissioner General of Immigration 1
Admission under quotas 6
Races or peoples 8
English-speaking immigrants 10
Rejection at port of arrival 10
Deportation after landing 12
Smuggling and illegal entry 13
Canadian border 13
Mexican border 16
Deserting seamen 21
Immigration border patrol 23
Immigration act of 1924 24
Financial statement 30
TEXT TABLES
Text Table I. — Immigrant aliens admitted from certain countries and
areas in specified fiscal j'ears 4
Text Table II. — Immigration quota allotted to specified countries or
regions of birth and the number of aliens admitted and charged against
such quota allotments, fiscal years ended June 30, 1922, 1923, and 1924_. 6
Text Table III. — Immigration quotas allotted to specified areas, and the
number of aliens admitted and charged against such quota allotments,
fiscal years ended June 30. 1922, 1923, and 1924 7
Text Table IV. — Immigrant aliens admitted to the United States during
the fiscal years ended June 30, 1914, 1921, and 1924, by races or peoples.- 8
Text Table V. — Immigrant aliens admitted by principal races or peoples
in fiscal years specified 9
Text Table VI. — Immigrant aliens of the English and non-English speak-
ing races admitted during fiscal years specified 10
Text Table VII. — Number and per cent of aliens rejected at specified places
during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1924 11
APPENDIX.— GENERAL IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION (Tables I to XXIV-A)
Table I. — Aliens admitted, departed, debarred, and deported, and United
States citizens arrived and departed, fiscal years ended June 30, 1923
and 1924, by ports 34
Table II. — Net increase or decrease of population by arrival and departure
of aliens, fiscal years ended June 30, 1923 and 1924, by months 35
Table III. — Net increase or decrease of population by arrival and depar-
ture of aliens, fiscal years ended June 30, 1923 and 1924, by countries-- 36
Table IV. — Net increase or decrease of population, by admission and
departure of aliens, fiscal year ended Jime 30, 1924, by races or peoples.- 38
Table V. — Intended future permanent residence of aliens admitted and
last permanent residence of aliens departed, fiscal year ended June 30,
1924, by States and Territories 39
Table VI. — Occupations of aliens admitted and departed, fiscal vear
ended June 30, 1924 !-__ 40
Table VII. — -Sex, age, literacj^ financial condition, etc., of immigrant
aliens admitted, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, by races or peoples.- 42
Table VII-A. — Sex, age, and length of residence in the United States of
emigrant aliens departed, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, by races or
peoples . 45
Table VII-B. — Conjugal condition of immigrant aliens admitted, fiscal year
ended June 30, 1924, by races or peoples 46
Table VII-C. — Conjugal condition of emigrant aliens departed, fiscal year
ended June 30, 1924, by races or peoples 48
III
IV CONTENTS
P&ge
Table VII-D.^Sex, age, and length of residence in the United States of
naturalized citizens permanently departed, fiscal year ended June 30,
1924, by races or peoples 50
Table VII-E. — Sex, age, and length of residence in the United States of
native-born citizens permanently departed, fiscal year ended June 30,
1924, by races or peoples '_ 51
Table VIII. — Immigrant aliens admitted, fiscal year ended Jime 30, 1924,
by countries of last permanent residence and races or peoples 52
Table VIII-A.^ — Emigrant aliens departed, fiscal year ended June 30,
1924, by coimtrics of intended future permanent residence and races or
peoples 56
Table VIII-B. — Naturalized citizens permanently departed, fiscal year
ended June 30, 1924, bj' countries of intended future permanent resi-
dence and races or peoples 60
Table \TII-C. — Native-born citizens permanently departed, fiscal year
ended June 30. 1924, by countries of intended future permanent resi-
dence and races or peoples 64
Table IX. — Immigrant aliens admitted, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924,
by States of intended future permanent residence and races or peoples. 65
Table IX-A. — Emigrant aliens departed, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924,
by States of last permanent residence and races or i^eoples 68
Table IX-B. — Naturalized citizens permanently departed, fiscal year
ended June 30, 1924, b}' States of last permanent residence and races or
peoples 71
Table IX-C. — Native-born citizens permanently departed, fiscal year
ended June 30, 1924, by States of last permanent residence and races or
peoples 74
Table X.^ — lumiigrant aliens admitted, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, by
occupations and races or peoples 75
Table X-A. — Emigrant aliens departed, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924,
or by occupations and races or peoples 80
Table X-B. — Naturalized citizens permanently departed, fiscal year
ended June 30, 1924, by occupations and races or peoples 86
Table X-C. — Native-born citizens permanently departed, fiscal j'ear
ended June 30, 1924, by occupations and races or peoples 90
Table XI. — Immigrant aliens admitted, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924,
by States of intended future permanent residence and occupations 92
Table XI-A. — Emigrant aliens departed, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924,
by States of last permanent residence and occupations 98
Table XI-B. — Immigrant aliens admitted during the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1924, by States of intended future permanent residence and
ports of entry 104
Table XII. — Immigrant aliens admitted during specified periods, January
1, 1923, to June 30, 1924. by races or peoples and sex 108
Table XII- A. — Emigrant ahens departed during specified periods, January
1, 1923, to June 30, 1924, by races or peoples and sex 109
Table XIII. — Sex, age, literacy, financial condition, etc., of nonimmigrant
aliens admitted, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, by races or peoples — 110
Table XIII-A. — Sex, age, and length of residence in United States of non-
immigrant aliens departed, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, by races or
peoples 112
Table XIV. — Immigrant aliens admitted, fiscal j'ears ended June 30, 1899
to 1924, by races or peoples 113
Table XIV-A. — Immigrant aliens admitted, fiscal vears ended Jiuie 30,
1899 to 1924, by countries ". 115
Table XIV-B. — Emigrant aliens departed, fiscal vears ended June 30,
1908 to 1924, by races or peoples 118
Table XIV-C. — Emigrant aliens departed, fiscal vears ended June 30,
1908 to 1924, bv countries .' 1
Table XV.— Total immigration, 1820 to 1924 V.
Table XV-A. — Net increase of population by arrival and departure of
aliens, fiscal years ended June 30, 1908 to 1924 1!
Table XVI. — Aliens debarred from entering the United States, fiscal year
ended June 30, 1924, by races or peoples and causes 124
Table XVI-A. — Aliens debarred and aliens deported after entering, 1892
to 1924, bv causes , - — i-'-- 128
CONTENTS V
Page
Table XVI-B. — Permanent residents of contiguous foreign territory
applying for temporary sojourn in the United States refused admission,
fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, by causes 130
Table XVII. — Aliens deported to countries whence they came, after
entering the Ihiited States, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, bj- races or
peoples and causes 131
Table XVIII. — Appeals from decisions under immigration law, applica-
tions for admission on bond without appeal, applications for hospital
treatment, and applications for transit, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924,
by causes 136
Table XVIII-A. — Appeals from decisions under immigration law, appli-
cations for admission on bond Avithout appeal, applications for hospital
treatment, and applications for transit, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924,
by ports 137
Table XIX. — Deserting alien seamen, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924,
by ports 138
Table XX. — Alien stowaways found on board vessels arriving at ports
of the United States, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, by ports 13S
Table XXI. — Comparison between alien arrivals and head-tax settle-
ments, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924 138
Table XXII. — Aliens admitted to cojitinental United States from insular
United States, during the fiscal years ended June 30, 1908 to 1924,
inclusive, by ports 139
Table XXII-A. — Immigrant aliens admitted to continental United
States from insular United States and to insular United States froui
other insulars and from mainland (continental I'nited States), by
ports, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924 139
Table XXII-B. — Nonimmigrant aliens admitted to continental I'nited
States from insular United States and to insular United States from
other insulars and from mainland (continental United States), by
ports, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924 139
Table XXIII. — Aliens certified by surgeons as physically or mentally
defective, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, showing sex, age, class of
defect, and disposition, by diseases or defects 140
Table XXIII-A. — Aliens certified by surgeons as physically or mentally
defective, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, showing races or peoples, by
diseases or defects 142
Table XXIII-B. — Aliens certified by surgeons as physically or mentally
defective, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, showing organ or portion of
body affected, by diseases or defects 144
Table XXIV. — Aliens granted hospital treatment under sections 18 and
22 of the immigration law, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, by races 146
Table XXIV-A. — Aliens granted hospital treatment under sections 18 and
22 of the immigration law, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, by ports 147
JAPANESE IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION (Tables A to F)
Table A. — Japanese aliens apphed for admission, admitted, debarred,
deported, and departed, fiscal years ended June 30, 1923 and 1924 148
Table B. — Increase or decrease of Japanese population by alien admis-
sions and departures, fiscal years ended June 30, 1923 and 1924, by
months 148
Table C. — Occupations of Japanese aliens admitted and departed, fiscal
year ended June 30, 1924 149
Table D. — Statistics of immigration and emigration of Japanese,, col-
lected b}' the United States Government, compared with those reported
by the Japanese Government, fiscal jear ended June 30, 1924 149
Table E. — Japanese alien arrivals in continental United States, fiscal year
ended June 30, 1924, showing various details bearing on the Japanese
agreement 150
Table F. — Japanese alien arrivals in Hawaii, fiscal year ended June 30,
1924, showing various details bearing on the Japanese agreement 152
VI CONTEXTS
CHINESE IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION (Tables 1 to 6)
Page
Table 1. — Chinese seeking admission to the United States, fiscal year
ended June 30, 1924, hy classes and ports .„' 154
Table 2. — Summary of Chinese seeking admission to the United States,
fiscal years ended June 30, 1919 to 1924, by classes 156
Table 3. — Chinese claiming American citizenship by birth, or to be the
wives or children of American citizens, admitted, fiscal vear ended
June 30, 1924, by ports I 157
Table 4. — Appeals to department from excluding decisions under Chinese-
exclusion laws, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, by ports 157
Table 5. — Disposition of cases of resident Chinese applying for return
certificates, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924 _ 157
Table G. — Miscellaneous Chinese transactions, fiscal year ended Jime 30,
1924, by ports 158
REPORT
OF THE
COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION
Department of Labor,
Bureau of Immigration,
Washington^ June 30, 192^,
Sir: During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1924, a total of 706,89 6
immigrant aliens were admitted to the United States, compared with
522,919 in the preceding fiscal year and 309,556 in the year ending
June 30, 1922, this being the three-year period during which the
so-called quota limit act of May 19, 1921, was in force. In addition
to the 706,896 immigrant aliens who entered during the year just
ended, 172,406 nonimmigrant ahens were also admitted, making a
total of 879,302 for both classes. As a partial offset to this number,
76.789 emigrant aliens and 139,956 nonemigrant aliens departed from
the country during the year, the increase in our alien population, as
shown by the excess of arrivals over departures, being 662,557.
In order that these figures may be more clearly understood, it
should be explained that for statistical purposes an " immigrant alien' '
is an alien whose permanent residence has been outside the United
States who comes to take up a permanent residence here, while the
term "nonimmigrant alien" is used to designate aliens returning from
a temporary visit abroad and those who enter the United States for a
temporary stay only.
On the other hand, an '' emigrant alien" is an alien resident of the
United States who leaves the country for permanent residence abroad,
while a "nonemigrant alien" is a resident alien who goes abroad for a
temporary stay or one who leaves the country after a temporary
sojourn here. The difference between the number arriving and the
number departing, as already explained, is regarded as a measure
of the annual increase or decrease of the alien population so far as
immigration and emigration are concerned.
Official statistical records of aliens leaving the United States,
otherwise the two emigrant classes above described, are available
only since the fiscal year 1908, but it is an interesting fact that in the
meantime the outgoing tide was nearly one-half as great as the
number admitted. Of course, the smaU immigration and the rela-
tively large emigration during the war years made the record for the
period under consideration somewhat abnormal in this respect, but
it is a well-established fact that for a long time prior to the war
from 30 to 35 aliens ordinarily left the country for every 100
admitted.
In the bureau's last annual report it was pointed out that under
the quota act immigration was seemingly becoming more and more
2 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION
permanent in character, and one of the outstanding things shown by
the statistical record of the past year is that while the number of
immigrant and nonimmigrant aliens entering the country was more
than 200,000 greater than in the fiscal year immediately preceding
it, the increase of emigrant and nonemigrant aliens departing was
only 16,159.
The record of this inward and outward movement of aliens from
1908 to the present time is shown in Table XV-A, page 123. A study
of this table, condensed as it is, discloses several significant facts
concerning the trend of immigration and emigration during the past
17 years, notably the unusual outward movement following the
industrial depression of 1907-8; the relatively large emigration
during the early years of the World War, which, it is known, in-
cluded many who went to join the colors of their respective coun-
tries; the sudden increase in both immigration and emigration
following the armistice; the sharp decline of immigration in 1922
resulting from the quota limit law, and, finally, the revival of im-
migration and the remarkable decline in emigration during the
past two years, also under the quota act. In the latter connection
it is interesting to note that while the number of aliens of both
classes admitted in the year just ended was exceeded in 8 of the
17 years considered, the permanent addition to the alien population
was numerically larger in 1923-24 than in any other year except
1910, 1913, and 1914. This, to all appearances, is substantial evi-
dence of a greatly increased stability or permanence in immigration
under the quasi restrictive policy represented by the quota limit
law, although, of course, it can not be said that the law is the only
cause that contributed to that end.
Disregarding the nonimmigrant and nonemigrant classes and con-
sidering immigrant and emigrant aliens only, which, as already
explained, means those coming for permanent residence here or
departing for permanent residence abroad, the record disclosed
by the table referred to is even more interesting and significant.
This is especially true with reference to the record of the last five
years of the period which follows :
Year Immigrant Emigrant
aliens aliens
1920 480,001 288,315
1921 805.228 247,718
1922 309, 556 198, 712
1923 522,919 81,450
1924 706,896 76,789
During the World War, and especially aftei- the United States
entered the conflict, the number of aliens who came here for per-
manent residence was only a fraction of the great influx which had
come in times of peace. In the year ended June 30, 1914, a total
of 1,218,480 immigrant aliens were admitted. The war began in
August, 1914, and in the year ended June 30, 1915, the number
admitted was only 326,700 and more than 60,000 of these came in
the month of July, 1914. In September of that year only 29,143
immigrants entered the country compared with 136,247 in the
previous September. In the entire fiscal year ended June 30,
1918, only 110,618 came and in the following year only 141,132.
The various countries of Europe which had contributed 1,055,855
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 3
immigrant aliens in 1912-13 and 1,058,391 in 1913-14, sent only
197,919 in 1914-15, 145,699 in 1915-16, and 133,083 in 1916-17.
After the United States entered the war immigration from Europe
almost ceased, only 55,690 being admitted from that source in the
two years ended June 30, 1919.
Following the treaty of peace, however, immigration quickly
revived. In the fiscal year 1920 a total of 430,001 immigrant aliens
were admitted and in the following year the number reached 805,228.
Then came the per centum limit act of May 19, 1921, and in the
following year (the fiscal year ended June 30, 1922) the number of
admissions dropped to 309,556. It was evident that the result was
due to the quota law, but that result was not to be a permanent
one so far as numbers were concerned for in the year ended June 30,
1923, our immigration increased to 522,919, and, in the fiscal year
just ended, to 706,896.
The great, perhaps almost startling, increase in immigration during
the past two years might very naturally suggest a substantial break-
ing down of the per centum limit law. but such is not the fact. What
happened was almost entirely due to three important factors that
might have been discerned at the time the law was enacted.
1. The quota limit provision was applicable only to Europe, Africa,
Australasia, and that part of Asia commonly known as the Near
East. It did not seek to limit immigration from Canada, Mexico,
and other parts of the New World.
2. The quotas allotted to the British Isles, Germany, and other
countries oi northwestern Europe were greater, and in some instances
very much greater, than the normal immigration from those coun-
tries. In other words, reckoning on the basis of immigration during
the quarter of a century preceding the act, the quota law put a
severe restriction on the hitherto great movements from countries
of south and east Europe and the Near East, but left the way open
for substantial increases from north and west Europe.
3. The quota limit law, like all preceding immigration legislation,
contained a good many exceptions imder which applicants could be
admitted in excess of allotted quotas, and during the past fiscal year
such admissions were also considerably increased by reason of court
decisions which, until reversed by the Supreme Court late in the
year, materially liberalized the terms of the law.
The story of immigration under the quota limit act and the appar-
ent effect of the three factors, or more especially the first two factors
above referred to, is perhaps best told in the next table, which shows
the number of immigrant aliens admitted from various countries and
areas in the fiscal yeai-s 1914, 1921, 1922, 1923, and 1924. The year
1914 was selected because it was a fairly normal year, in fact the
last year during which immigration was uninfluenced by war condi-
tions or unhampered by restrictive legislation, and therefore fairly
representative of the regime that existed for a generation or more
previous to the war.
14155— 24t 2
4 REPOET OF THE COMMLSSIOXER GENERAL OF TMMIGKATIOX
The record of the fiscal year 1921, which is sho'vMi in the second
column of the tahle, is illustrative of the revival of immigration from
Europe following the war, and the three years 1922-1924 show the
trend of the movement during the life of the first per centum limit
law. The table referred to follows :
Text Table I. — -Immigrant aliens admitted from certain countries and areas in
specified fiscal years
Countries
1914
1921
1922
1923
1924
England, Scotland, and Wales .
48,729
35, 734
24, 688
29, 391
25, 591
51,142
6,803
28,435
22,854
29, 317
25,153
17, 931
10, 579
14, 625
11, 149
45, 759
48, 277
15, 740
34, 184
12, 469
59,490
Germany
75,091
Ireland _ .--
17,111
35, 577
Other northern and western Europe _.
16, 077
Total
164, 133
138, 551
79,437
156,429
203,346
Austria
134, 831
143, 321
35, 832
283, 738
255, 660
40, 876
21,716
4,947
7,702
28,502
222, 260
6,398
244,004
11,735
5,019
5,756
3,457
40,319
17, 143
65,254
1,998
8,103
5.914
3,333
46, 674
17,507
69, 960
2.183
7,506
Hungary -
5,806
Greece .
4,871
Italy
56, 246
Russia . -.
12,649
Other southern and eastern Europe
Turkey in .\sia
73,916
2,820
Total
915, 974
525, 548
138, 946
153, 674
163, 813
British North America
86, 139
14, 614
37, 620
72, 317
30, 758
38,054
46,810
19, 551
24,812
117.011
63, 768
32, 037
200,690
Mexico . - .
89, 336
49,711
Grand total
1, 218, 480
805, 228
309, 556
522, 919
706,896
With the exception of the rapid increase in immigration from
Germany between 1921 and 1924, the record of the first group of
countries presents no very unusual features. The number admitted
from Germany in 1914 is not far from the annual average for 15 or
20 years prior to the war, but the fact that more than twice as many
came in 1924 suggests the probability that except for quota limita-
tions a revival of the large German immigration of earlier years
might be expected. The number coming from Ireland is now con-
siderably below pre-war figures and, imlike the countries of Great
Britain and Scandinavia, it has not increased greatly since 1921.
Although not shown separately in the table, it is of interest to note
that in the year 1924 Scotland contributed 33,471 immigrants, or
more than one-half of all who came from the four British countries.
In this connection it may be stated that prior to the war immigration
from Scotland averaged about 14,000 annually.
The figures in the second and third groups in the table are clearly
indicative of the radical effect brought about by the policy of restric-
tion which began with the enactment of the quota limit law in May,
1921. The record of immigration in 1914 from the countries of south
and east Europe and the Near East, although a little hio;her than the
pre-war normal, are nevertheless fairly representative oi that period.
By 1921, as the table shows, there had been a remarkably quick
revival, which followed an almost complete cessation of the move-
ment from these sources during the war years, and, as pointed out
in previous annual reports, this revival gave every promise of an
unprecedented deluge of immigration when peace was fully estab-
lished and transportation facilities restored. It will be noted that
REPORT OF TPIE GOMMISSIOXER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 5
in 1921 the contribution of Italy, Greece, and Turkey began to
approximate pre-war figures, and while Austria, Hungary, and
Russia, fonnerly prolific sources of immigration, sent comparatively
few in that year, a large part of the 244,004 recorded as coming from
other south and east Em*ope came from territory once belonging to
those three countries. Then came the limitations imposed by the
quota act and during the three years it was in force the total num-
ber admitted from south and east Europe and Turkey was consider-
ably below the partially revived immigration from the same sources
in 1921, and less than one-half as great as the number who came in
the single year 1914.
In the case of both of the European groups under consideration
the extent of possible immigration was limited by the quota act,
and what the influx might have been except for that restraint can
only be conjectured. It is safe to say, however, that during the past
two years, at least, it would have far exceeded that of any like pe-
riod in our immigration history. It is hardly necessary to call
attention to the large increases in immigration from Canada and
Mexico. Natives of these countries, and persons born in other
countries who had resided there for five years, were not subject to
quota limitations, and their people simply came in unprecedented
numbers to take advatage of opportunities which were closed* or
largely closed to European immigrants.
Under the per centum limit act of 1921, 20 per cent of the quota
of any country could be admitted in a single month, which of course
meant that it was possible to exhaust the total annual allotment of
a country in the first five months of the fiscal year. It was further
provided that certain classes of aliens, notably members of the
various professions and domestic servants, who were counted against
quotas, could be admitted without numerical limit when such quotas
became exhausted. In the year just ended nearly all of the quotas,
large and small, were filled before January 1, with the result that
during the remaining six months of the fiscal year considerable
numbers were admitted under the exception referred to.
The number admitted in excess of quotas was also added to by
reason of court decisions, notably in the so-called Gottlieb case
wherein United States Circuit Judge Mack ruled that the liberal
exceptions found in the so-called ''Asiatic barred zone" of the im-
migration act of 1917 were also applicable in the per centum limit
law which was enacted four years thereafter. Other Federal courts
at New York and also at Boston not only followed the Gottlieb
decision but even sought to enlarge the classes to which it applied.
Under the circumstances the immigration service could not do
otherwise than to admit applicants who came within the scope of
these decisions until the Supreme Court of the United States, on
May 26, 1924, declared that both the District Court and Circuit
Court of Appeals were in error, and that exemptions covering a
specific class of aliens mentioned in the act of 1917 could not be made
to apply in the case of aliens who had been excluded under a sub-
sequent law. Upward of 20.000 aliens were admitted under the
court decisions referred to, and in order to avoid their possible depor-
tation, as a result of the Supreme Court decision, Congress provided
that their residence in the United States might be legalized.
EEPOKT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENEBAX. OF IMMIGRATION
The primary purpose of the foregoing discussion is to explain
why immigration in the past year reached the large total of 706,896 ;
a number almost twice as great as the aggregate quotas (357,803)
allotted under the per centum limit act of 1921. Briefly stated, the
increase of 183,977 admissions in the fiscal year 1924 over the preced-
ing year was largely due to increased immigration from Canada,
Mexico, and other nonquota countries; to admissions under excep-
tions after quotas became exhausted, which in the case of most
countries occurred during the first six months of the fiscal year;
to the fact that 22,162 more aliens were admitted and charged to
quotas than in the previous year; and, finally, to admissions under
the court decisions above referred to, which admissions were subse-
quently legalized by the Congress.
ADMISSIONS UNDER aUOTAS
With three exceptions the quotas of all countries and places included
in the quota area were entirely exhausted during the fiscal year under
consideration, the three referred to, with the balance remaining in
their respective quotas on June 30, being Esthonia, 124; Free State of
Fiume, 5; and Iceland, 32. The complete record of quota trans-
actions during the three fiscal years 1922-24, and, incidentally, the
^omplete and final record under the quota limit act of 1921, is shown
J n the following table :
Text Table II. — Iminigralion quotas allotted to specified countries or rcgioiis of
birth, and the number of aliens admitted and charged against such quota allotments,
fiscal years ended June 30, 1922, 1923, and 1924
Year ended June
30, 1924
Year ended June
30, 1923
Year ended June
30, 1922
Country or region of birth
Quota
Number
i.dmitted
Quota
Number
admitted
Quota
Number
admitted
Albania .
288
230
7,342
1,503
302
14, 357
301
5, 619
1,34S
3, 921
71
5, 729
67, 607
77, 342
.3,063
5, 747
75
42, 057
1, 540
2,629
92
3,607
12, 202
30. 977
2,465
7,419
288
230
7,342
1, 563
302
14, 357
301
5, 019
1,224
3,921
06
5, 729
67, 607
77, 342
3,003
,5, 747
43
42, 057
1,540
2, 629
92
3,607
12,202
30, 977
2. 455
7.419
288
230
7,451
1, 563
302
14, 357
301
5, 019
1,348
3, 921
71
5, 729
67, 607
77, 342
3,294
5,638
75
42, 057
1,540
2, 460
92
3,607
12, 202
31, 146
2,465
7,419
288
230
7,3.58
1, 503
295
14, 357
203
5,226
241
3,921
07
5,034
49, 2.58
77, 342
3,294
5, 638
59
42, 057
1,513
2,460
92
3,607
12, 202
29, 730
2,405
7,419
288
1,589
7,451
1, ,563
302
14, 282
301
,5.094
280
Armenia (Russian^...
1 1, 574
Austria. _. .. .
4,797
BelRium .
1,581
Bulgaria
301
Czechoslovakia
14, 248
Danzig, Free City of.
85
Denmark . ....
3,284
Esthonia
C^)
Finland...
3,921
71
5,729
08,059
77, 342
3,294
5, 638
3,038
Fiume, Free State of
18
France __
4,343
Germany
19,053
Great Britain, Ireland
42, 670
Cireecc- .
3,447
Hungary (including Sopron District)
Iceland
6,035
(')
Italv-
42,057
42,149
Latvia
m
Lithuania (including Memel and part of
Pins k region) .
(*)
Luxemburg...
92"
3,607
12, 202
25, 827
2,520
7,419
93
Netherlands .. . .....
2,408
5,941
Poland (including Eastern Galicia and
part of Pinsk region)
26, 129
Portugal (including Azores and Madeira
Islands). .
2,486
Rumania
7,429
' Turkish and Russian .Armenia for the year 1922.
'' Esthonia, Latvia, and Lithuania included with Russia for the year 1922.
' Iceland included with other Europea for the year 1922.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 7
Text Table II. — Immigration quotas allotted to specified couidriet> or regions of
birth, and the number of aliens admitted and charged against such quota allotmcrUs,
fiscal years ended June 30, 1922, 1923, and /5^4— Continued
Country or region of birth
Year ended June
30, 1924
Quota
Number
admitted
24, 405
912
20,042
3,752
6,426
57
2,654
24, 405
912
20, 042
3,752
6,426
2,388
Russia, European and Asiatic (excluding
barred zone) 24, 405
Spain (including Canary Islands) 912
Sweden ! 20,042
Switzerland 3, 752
Yugoslavia.. _ 6,426
Other Europe (including Andorra, Gibral- i
tar, Liechtenstein, Malta, Monaco, and
San Marino) 86
Palestine.- I 57
Syria i 882
Turkey (European and Asiatic, including '
Smyrna region, and Turkish-Armenian i
region) ] 2, 654
Other Asia (including Cyprus, Hedjaz,
Iraq (Mesopotamia), Persia, Rhodes,
and any other .\siatic territory not in- |
eluded in the barred zone; persons born i
in Asiatic Russia are included in the i
Russia quota) I 92
Africa (other than Egypt) 104
Egypt 18
Atlantic Islands (other than Azores,
Canary Islands, Madeira, and islands ,
adjacent to the American continents) ' 121
Australia _ . 279
New Zealand and Pacific islands 80
Total.- ; 357,803 357,642 357,803
92
104
18
121
279
80
Year ended June
30, 1923
Year ended June
30, 1922
niintu ' Number i
<^"°^'» i admitted
Quota ! >>"umber
^^°^^ admitted
24, 405
912
19, 867
3, 752
6,426
86
57
928
2,388
34,284
912
20,042
o, 752
6,426
86
56
908
28, 908
8as
8, 766
3, 723
6,644
144
214
1,008
1,096
81
122
118
279
80
335, 480
81
122
65
279
80
356, 995
528
195
279
88
243,963
The next table shows the same information classified by specified
groups of countries.
Text T.\ble III. — Immigration quotas allotted to specified areas and tlte number
of aliens admitted and charged against such quota allotments, fiscal years ended
June SO, 1922, 1923, and 1924
,
1924 1 1923 1922
!
Areas
Quota
Number | cnta
admitted! ^""^^^
Number
admitted
Quota
Number
admitted
Northern and western Europe
197, 555
159, 646
602
197,555 197,555
159,485 j 159,646
602 602
177,943
156,938
599
198,082
168,367
546
91,862
Southern and eastern Europe, including
Asiatic Turkey and other Asia. ...
151, 446
Africa, Australia, New Zealand and other
Pacific islands, and Atlantic islands
645
Total
357,803
357,642
357, 803
335,480
356, 995
243, 953
As already noted, all but 3 of the quotas were entirely exhausted
during the year just ended, compared, as will be observed, with 13
in the preceding year and 19 in the fiscal year 1922. It will be re-
membered that under the quota act of 1921 monthly admissions
were limited to 20 per cent of the annual quota allotment of each
country, so that it was possible to exhaust the entire number within
a period of five months. From the first, several of the quotas were
exhausted at the earliest possible moment, usually a few minutes
after midnight on November 1. Midnight ship racing into New
8 KEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION
York Harbor in order to cross the entrance line before quotas were
exhausted became a monthly event, and much distress and many
deportations usually followed. During the first two years several
of the larger quotas came in a more leisurely manner, and, as the
table shows, some were not exhausted even at the close of the year.
In the year just ended, however, many of the quotas, including sev-
eral of the larger ones, were entirely used up in November and
others were exhausted in December, so that during the last six
months of the year there was little quota immigration from Europe.
Fortunately the new law, which went into effect July 1 and which is
discussed elsewhere in this report, limits monthly quotas to 10, in-
stead of 20 per cent of the annual allotments, thus insuring a better
distribution of arrivals throughout the year.
RACES OR PEOPLES
Statistical records of immigration to the United States date from
1820, but previous to 1899 they show the number of arrivals only by
country ot origin. The development of immigration in considerable
f)roportions from countries having a population of various racial or
anguage groups led to the adoption of a plan under which arrivals
were also classified according to races or peoples. Many years later
this plan was also adopted for United States census purposes, the
term "mother tongue" instead of "races or peoples" being used in
census returns.
The table which follows shows the classification which has been
used for immigration record purposes since 1899 and the numbers
of each "race or people" admitted to the United States in the fiscal
years 1914, 1921, and 1924.
Text Table IV. — Immigrant aliens admitted to the United States during the fiscal
years ended June SO, 1914, 1921, and 1924, by races or peoples
Race or people
African (black)
Armenian
Bohemian and Moravian (Czech).
Bulgarian, Serbian, and Montenegrin
Chinese
Croatian and Slovenian
Cuban
Dalmatian, Bosnian, and Herzegovinian
Dutch and Flemish
East Indian
English
Finnish.
French
German
Greek
Hebrew
Irish
Italian (north)
I tal ian (south)
Japanese..
Korean
Lithuanian
Magyar
Mexican
Pacific Islander
Polish
Portuguese
Hunianian
Fiscal year
1923-24 1920-21
12,243
2,940
6,869
2,482
4,670
4,137
1,412
295
7,840
154
93, 939
3,975
48,632
95, 627
5,252
49, 989
42,364
11,576
47, 633
8,481
122
1,991
7,446
87.648
12
19, 371
3,892
1,727
9,873
10, 212
1,743
7,700
4,017
11,035
1,523
930
12.813
353
54,627
4,233
24,122
24,168
31.828
119,036
39,056
27, 459
195, 037
7,531
61
829
9,377
29,603
13
21, 146
18,856
5,926
8,447
7,785
9,928
15,084
2,354
37,284
3,539
5.149
12,566
172
51,746
12, 805
18,166
79, 871
45,881
138, 051
33, 898
44, 802
251,612
8.941
152
21,584
44,538
13,089
1
122, 6.'i7
9,647
24,070
REPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 9
Text Table IV.- — Immigrant aliens admitted to the United States during the fiscal
years ended June SO, 1914, 1931, and 1924, ^V races or peoples — Continued
Race or people
Russian .-
Rutheniaij (Russniak)
Scandinavian (Norwegians, Danes, and Swedes)
Scotch
Slovak
Spanish
Spanish American
Syrian
Turkish
Welsh,..
West Indian (except Cuban)
Other peoples .
Total
Fiscal year
1923-24 1920-21
9,531
2,356
40, 978
61, 327
5,523
3,664
3,065
1,595
355
2,635
2,211
937
706, 896
2,887
958
25. 812
24,649
35, 047
27, 448
3,325
5,105
353
1,748
1,553
3,237
805, 228
44,957
36,727
36,053
18, 997
25,819
11,064
1,544
9,023
2,693
2,558
1,396
3, 830
1, 218, 480
The next table shows the same data classified according to the
races or peoples principally indigenous to specified parts of Europe
and the Near East, together with Mexicans and all others, the latter
including oriental peoples, Cubans, Spanish Americans, West Indians,
and others.
Text T.\ble V.
~I mrnigrnnt aliens admitted by principal races or peoples in fiscal
years specified
Race or people
Number admitted
Per cent of total ! !
1923-24
1920-21 191.3-14
1923-24
1920-21
1913-14
Northern and western Europe .
393, 342
192, 599
87,648
33, 307
206,995 , 253,855
537, 144 921, 160
29, 603 13. 089
31,486 , 30,376
5.5.7
27.2
12.4
4.7
25.7
66.7
3.7
3.9
20.8
Southern and eastern Europe and Turkey
Mexicans.- ..^ .
All others
75.6
1.1
2.5
Total--
706, 896
805,228 1,218,480
100.0 100.0 100.0
This table brings out the interesting fact that the proportion of
northern and western European peoples in our immigration increased
from 20.8 per cent of the whole in 1913-14 to 55.7 per cent in the
year just closed and that the proportion of southern and eastern
European peoples decreased from 75.6 per cent of the whole in 1913-
14 to only 27.2 per cent in 1923-24. It will also be noted that as
between the two years named there was a numerical increase of
nearly 140,000 in the first group and a decrease of 728,561 in the
second. It is also interesting to note that immigrants of the Mexican
race increased from an insignificant proportion of the whole in 1913-14
to 12.4 per cent in the past year, tne numerical increase being from
13,089 to 87,648, a number equal to about 45 per cent of the year's
total immigration of southern and eastern European peoples. The
proportion of ''all others" also increased from 2.5 per cent to 4.7 per
cent between the two years under consideration, but there was a
small numerical increase in this group.
10 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERALi OF IMMIGRATION
ENGLISH-SPEAKING IMMIGRANTS
Among the many changes that have resulted from the operation of
the per centum Hmit immigration law is the steady and very consider-
able increase in the proportion of English-speaking peoples among
arriving aliens, as shown in the following table:
Text Table VI.-
-Inimigrant aliens of the English and non-English speaking races
admitted, during fiscal years specified
Fiscal year (ended June 30J
Total
admitted
English 1
speaking
Non-
English
speaking
Per cent of total
English
Non-
English
1914
1, 218, 480
805, 228
309. 556
522, 919
706, 896
107, 199
120, 080
64, 172
131, 159
200, 265
1,111,281
685, 148
245, 384
391, 760
506, &3 1
'8.8
14.9
20.7
25.1
28.3
91.2
1921
85.1
1922 .-
79.3
1923
74.9
1924 - . .
71.7
1 English, Irish, Scotch, and Welsh races.
As already stated, the immigration record of the fiscal year 1914
was fairly typical in many respects of like records for a generation
prior to the World War. In that year only 8.8 per cent of our immi-
gration was of the four English speaking peoples — English, Irish,
Scotch, and Welsh — and the total number admitted was only 107,199.
In the year just ended, however, the number admitted was 200,265,
nearly twice as great as in 1913-14, and they constituted 28.3 per cent
of the total immigration. In the same fiscal years, it will be noted,
the number of non-English-speaking peoples decreased from 1,111,281
to 506,631, and theirproportion in the whole immigration fell from 91.2
to 71.7 per cent. Putting it in another way, in 1913-14 the number
of non-English-speaking peoples admitted was more than 1,000,000 in
excess of the peoples whose customary language was our o\vn, but in
1923-24 this cliff erence was reduced to about 300,000.
REJECTION AT PORT OF ARRIVAL
The number of aliens applying for admission at United States
ports who were rejected as coming in violation of the immigration
laws reached the probably unprecedented total of 30,284 during the
year, compared to 20,619 in 1922-23, and the proportion of rejections
increased from 2.9 per cent of all applicants in 1922-23 to 3.3 per
cent in 1923-24. The record of such rejections, by principal causes,
during the past year is as follows:
Under per centum limit law (excess quota) 10, 114
Likely to become a public charge 8, 130
Stowaways 2, 436
Unable to read (over 16 years of age) 1, 70S
Without proper passport 1, 554
Loathsome or dangerous contagious diseases 1,486
Contract laborers 1, 2l9
Mentally or physically defective — 1, Oil
Criminals 546
Under Chinese-exclusion act 509
Prostitutes, procurers, and other immoral classes 313
All other causes L 258
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 11
The large increase in rejections over the preceding fiscal year was
for' the most part due to excess quota cases arising under the per
centum limit law, the number of rejections for this being 1(1,114 in
1923-24 and 2,680 in 1922-23. The unfortunate experience of the
past year in this respect reflects increasingly desperate efforts on the
part of various European peoples to get into the United States,
and the willingness of some transportation interests to take what
amounted to a gambler's chance in bringing them to a United States
port. The races or peoples principally involved in rejections under
the quota law during the year were as follows:
Armenian 239
English.. 2, 550
German 362
Greek 281
Hebrew 884
Irish 1,090
Itahan 930
Scandinavian (Norwegians, Danes, and Swedes) 330
Scotch 1,802
Spanish 239
All others 1,407
Total 10, 114
The next table shows rejections by principal ports of arrival.
Text Table VII. — Number and per cent of aliens rejected at specified places during
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1924
Num-
ber
apply-
ing
Number
rejected
Per cent of
rejections
Ports or districts
Per
centum
limit
law
other
causes
Total ;
1
Per
cent
re-
jected
Per
centum
limit
law
other
causes
New York
419,428
49, 381
9,796
18, 291
14, 686
16, 263
12.201
7,951
21,012
5,585
223, 982
111,010
2,735
130
IS
86
90
47
12
16
376
47
6,411
149
3,635
328
226
184
708
343
400
154
73
310
9,825
3,984
1
6,370
458 !
241 1
270 f
798 '
390 !
412 '
170
449 1
357 i
16,236 !
4,133 1
1.5
.9
2.5
1.5
5.4
2.4
.^4
2.1
2.1
6.4
7.3
3.7
4Z9
28.4
6.2
31.8
11.3
12.0
2.9
9.4
83.8
13.2
39.5
3.6
57.1
71.0
Philadelphia ..-
Jacksonville, Fla. (district)
Other Atlantic and Gulf ports
93.8
68.2
88.7
San Francisco
88.0
Seattle -._
Other Pacific ports -.
97.1
90.6
Canadian Atlantic ports. . -. .
16.2
86.8
Canadian land boundary
eas
Mexican land boundarj' . . 1
96.4
Total
909,586
10, 114
20, 170
30,284 1
3.3
33.4
66.6
I
In the last annual report it was pointed out that the number of
applicants turned back in the course of a year was one of the most
distressing features of the immigration movement; nevertheless, the
ratio of rejections to applicants was surprisingly small, under the
circumstances. This is particularly true of the record at seaports.
For example, at the port of New York only 1.5 per cent of the appli-
cants were rejected and more than 40 per cent of such rejections were
excess quota cases. The proportion of rejections at land border
ports, especially along the Canadian border, was, as always, con-
siderably larger, for the reason that while transoceanic immigrants
12 KEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENEBAL. OF IMMIGRATIOM"
undergo one or more unofficial examinations before embarking for
the United States practically no sifting process occurs prior to appli-
cation at a border station. Fortunately the new immigration act of
1924, which is discussed elsewhere in this report, is designed to reduce
rejections at ports of arrival, and while favorable results in this regard
may be expected there will always be some applicants who can not be
admitted. It could hardly be otherwise when it is considered that
30 or more causes leading to rejection are found in our immigration
laws. Further details concerning the 30,284 applicants who were
refused admission to the United States during the vear will be found
in Table XVI, page 124.
DEPORTATION AFTER LANDING
The deportation of aliens found to be unlawfully in the United
States is rapidly becoming one of the most important functions of the
Immigration Service, and as the laws governing the admission of
aliens become more restrictive in character the deportation problem
becomes more difficult and exacting. Aliens believed to be unlaw-
fully in the United ^States can be taken into custody only on warrants
issued by the Secretary of Labor, and when such illegal residence is
shown warrants of deportation must emanate from the same
authority. In view of this it is especially desired to invite your
attention to the fact that during the fiscal year just ended 6,409 aliens
were deported from the United States, the number being far in excess
of any previous year, as the following record, beginning with the
fiscal year 1892, will show:
Year ended
June 30—
Number
deported
Year ended
June 30—
Number
deported
Year ended
June 30—
1
Number
deported
Year ended
June 30—
Number
deported
1892-
637
577
417
177
238
263
199
263
356
1901
363
465
547
779
845
676
995
2,069
2,124
1910
2,695
2, 788 1
2, 456 1
3,461
4,610 '
2,564
2,781
1,853
1.569
1919
3,068
1893
19C2
1911
1920 .
2,762
1894. .
1903
1912
1921
4,517
1895 -.
1904
1913
1922. . .
4,345
1896..
1905
1914
1915...
1916
1923
3,661
1897. . . .
1906
1907
1908
1909
J924.
6,409
1898
L899
i900
1917..
1918
Some of the principal causes of deportation during the year just
ended are shown below, and further interesting details will be found
an Table XVII, page 131 of this report:
Likely to become a public charge 2, 092
Mental diseases or defects 724
Entered without inspection 605
Criminals 525
Under per centum limit act of 1921 462
Unable to read (over 16 years of age) 345
Prostitutes, procurers, and other immoral classes 339
Under Chinese-exclusion law 172
All other causes 1, 145
During the year agreements were consummated with several more
^transportation companies whereby guards and free transportation
for the deporting officers in charge of group movements are fur-
nished, thus affording a much greater saving in transportation costs
than that effected last year. With one or two exceptions, all the
REPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 13
common carriers patronized by the bureau in the movement of de-
portees in large parties now furnish such service without charge to
the Govermnent.
A large number of deportees whose cases originate in the South-
western States are now being deported and reshipped one way for-
eign from the port of Galveston, Tex. ; fully one-IiaJf of them being
reshipped without cost to the Government for their transportation
foreign. In addition to that a considerable saving is effected in the
short haul from points of origin to Galveston instead of conveying
these aliens to- New York. Approximately^ $10,000 or more in trans-
portation expenses was saved in this manner during the past year
over and above the savings effected in the year previous.
SMUGGLING AND ILLEGAL ENTRY
Alien smuggling and the illegal entry of aliens without the aid of
smugglers have always followed in the wake of restrictive immigration
legislation, and. very naturally, as such laws became more and more
drastic the problem of enforcing them grew increasingly difficult.
For along time this problem, especially on the land boundaries, was
largely confined to evasions and attempted evasions of the Chinese-
exclusion law, but in later years aliens of all races who, for one reason
or another, could not enter the country in a legal way have resorted
to border running in ever-increasing numbers.
Until the general immigration law of 1917 was enacted the restric-
tions on immigration from Canada and Mexico were so mild that
residents of those countries had little reason to enter illegally. They
were exempt from the head tax which had long been imposed on
overseas immigrants; there was no literacy- test; and those who
measured up to the rather simple requirements of the law were free
to come in unlimited numbers. The act of 1917, howeA-er, imposed
a head tax of S8 on Canadians and Mexicans in common with other
immigrants, and, like all other peoples, they were subjected to the
reading test provided in that law. As might have been expected
these two provisions immediately resulted in widespread evasions of
the law, which our limited border forces have not been able to prevent.
The per centum limit law of 1921. however, has proved to be an
even more prolific promoter of smuggling and border running in
general, for this method of getting into the United States has been
resorted to by great numbers of determined Europeans who failed to
find, or were delayed in finding, places under the quotas.
CANADIAN BORDER
Officers in charge of various immigration districts along the Cana-
dian border have reported at some length concerning smuggling
operations during the past fiscal year, and the following extracts from
their annual reports present a clear and interesting picture of the
situation :
DISTRICT NO. 1. HEADQUARTERS AT MONTREAL
As will be seen from the long list of prosecutions in this district, a large number
of violators of the law have been discovered by officers of this district, to whom
much commendation is due for the great effort put forth and the long hours
endured on many occasions in a most earnest endeavor to uphold the integrity
14 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION
and the aliens witli him into custodv Th;« ;?. -^ f "f ^^^l""^ *^^ smuggler
to a fine and the time that thev h«Ttn ^^'"^/l^^ ■' *? ^^^eral months in addition
these drivers have been caueht nnd i}ti.lJ^\ I' ^"^ ^ number of eases
patrol service which i., .low blg'undeXken "■'S'"-'"'™ "f 'he border-
to'^r:ilfra\';Lrar': 1 fo /oTth^'ia^s s'dtScr"'';>V?°«--
section from Ogdensbure on the wpi f n vl, .1 f district, particularly in the
of aliens are ounf work on thrcLiadSn^^^^^^^^^ ""''^^^'^ ^^'^' -^^ ^^^^e numbers
United States by anv possible metSoi ^" ^"^ ^'' ^""^°"^ *° ^^*^^ ^^^
DISTRICT NO. 11.— HEADQUARTEHS AT DETROIT
iiiiliiiipSiiig
al«"ft M,;Yl™'l',?','c,S'tr " ''PP™''"""*'^- « ™ites while the Detroit RTve"is
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 15
District No. 11. As reported on several occasions to the Bureau, virtually
thousands of aliens have been smuggled into the United States across the border
in this district, inspection officers being powerless to stop the influx, as their
entire time has been taken up in the examination of aliens applying at regular
gateways of entry in a lawful manner. It is highly important that an effective
land-border patrol service be established at the earliest possible date and that a
personnel be furnished sufficiently large in number to cover the situation which
has become a national menace.
It is true that officers of this service have, as indicated in other parts of the
annual report covering deportations and prosecutions, achieved remarkable
results, which, in a way, have a tendency to suppress in a slight measure the
general smuggling activities. In a nimiber of cases the untiring efforts of the
regular inspection officers have resulted in the apprehension and conviction of
smugglers and in a great many cases aliens smuggled into the United States
have been prosecuted for entry in violation of the passport law, convicted, and
subsequently deported. While these deportations and prosecutions may have a
slightly deterrent effect on amateur smugglers, it is not believed that professional
smugglers and aliens especially anxious to gain entry into the United States will
cease to operate and seek entry at points other than the designated inspection
places.
While the greatest problem at the present time is the one described, yet it is
not the only one which taxes the officers of the Immigration Service to the utmost.
The smuggling of aliens, even through the regular channels of entry, may become
comparatively easy of accomplishment where the undesirable is Americanized in
appearance. This may be readily understood when it is considered that at such
an inspection point as the Detroit and Windsor Ferry there enter approximately
400,000 passengers a month and that with the limited number of inspectors
available it is manifestly impossible to discover every alien who may not be fully
entitled to enter. On the average an examining officer can not devote more than
a few seconds of his time to a passenger. An inadmissible alien under the guidance
and instructions of a seasoned smuggler, who remains safely on the Canadian
side, may attempt time and again to enter, on each trip gaining additional
knowledge which eventually will enable him to get past the inspector who meets
him for the first time. Inspectors must make quick use of all their resources in
an effort to promptly determine the status of each passenger included in the
turbulent mass of humanity surging forward for quick entry from the ferry boats
to the gates. There is no doubt that in the course of a year large numbers of
aliens presenting fraudulent proof of American citizenship gain lawful entry,
due to the fact that it is a physical impossibility for the small number of immigrant
inspectors to discover this class of smuggling, except in exceptional cases. In
order that smuggling operations through regular channels be stopped it is
absolutely necessary that the present inspection force in the district be increased
to such an extent as to make possible a reasonably thorough inspection of
passengers entering.
DISTRICT NO. 18. HEADQUARTERS AT GRAND FORKS, N. DAK.
During the last several months a large number of aliens have eflfected entry to
the United States by smuggling across the northern Minnesota and North Dakota
boundaries. Investigation conducted in connection with these cases after the
arrest of the aliens disclosed the existence of a systematic, organized plan whereby
aliens were being assisted across the border. This plan, operated and carried
out by one Charles G , a Canadian citizen, resident of Winnipeg, consisted
of a relay system in which several automobiles were used to convey the aliens
from Winnipeg to a point which was considered a safe distance inland from the
border on the American side. G , who owns and drives a taxicab in the city
of Winnipeg, obtained the patrons for the scheme by canvassing the railway
stations, where new arrivals from Europe detrain, and in the foreign quarters
of the city, where boarding houses for these people are numerous. He has even
visited the immigration office in Winnipeg on several occasions. After securing
his victims and extracting from them all the money he could induce them to part
with, he would either transport them by automobile or accompany them by train
to a place near the border, where his first partner in the scheme, a resident of the
place, would receive them. This partner would then demand further payment of
money from the aliens, and after obtaining the largest amount possible and charg-
ing them top prices for food, lodging, and other meager accommodations, the trip
16 UKPOKT OF THE fOMMISSIONP:R GEXER,^ OF IMMIGRATION
across the herder would he undertaken. This trip would always be nlanneH to
be carried out at night and after advance arrangLents hSbLn m-de w?th^
third confederate, usually a resident on the American side to meetThe pariv a?
..ome unfrequented spot on the boundary, where the aliens wouM alight ^'n the
wl''?" "f ' '^tKr''''!' ^^^ boundary line, and board an automob le Z the
W^nart hf nf: «'*'"' "^^^V'' ^^'K^^^"" *^^ ^^''^ P^^*"^'- *« the Sheme began
las pait in the tieecuig operation. In some cases the aliens upon reachinrlhis
point in the journey would still have some funds, and the pr ?e now f Jj I dde
?L T^^'l'^t '"l""-'"^ """^ *^'« ^''''^^' depended entirely upon the amount the
ahens had left. L sually when the aliens were later arrested thev were found
almost, If not totally, without funds, showing that the syndicate of smuIX^
had done their work with thoroughness. Through the coooeratton of tZcf^l
dian authorities and the efforts of our border ins^ecto?s?th?s particular gro^ip of
sm gglers have been compelled, temporarily at least, to curtail operation One
of the group, a Canadian citizen and resident of Canada, was apprehended on th s
side of he border with a load of aliens, when, through some Ealculltion h s
anvloh'l^'"" r'"' YT *^' ^^^" ""'^ ^*^^* the boundary Se Taled "o keep hs
appointment, and he is now serving a sentence of 16 months in the Federal
Penitentiary. Leavenworth, Kans. Three automobiles belong ng to another ?f
the group have l.een seized by tlie Canadian customs authoritiV4 thus effectfveh
S^enai-^riliv'/lf ?V*^^'^ "^'"^^"^' the master mind of'Ve combina^ioL'.
na* been diicsled h> the \\ innipeg police on the charge of obtaining monev under
false pretenses, and is now under bond awaiting trial '
Pnf,^' 1,^'?"' ^^T, '^'^'""'^1 ^-'' th^ foregoing, the other aliens arrested for illegal
H^i>i. f^r ''n *■ * ^'^''^- ^^^" ^'^^^t'^^ by professional smugglers but to have
depended upon their own individual efforts and often upon advice given them hv
relatives or friends With the new border patrol firm W established an proSr^v
eq.npped it may he expected that the operations of alien smuggle? alone ?his
hn'Jir ""^ -.'" ^^"^^^i^'^ border will be greatly curtailed, although perhap. the
uSd'sra i''TtT b« .completely curbed. The registration of aU ahens K the
.^"en LugglTn^ ^ ^'''''^' '"^^ P'^"^'^" *^" ""^^^ ^^^^^'^^ ™«^"« of checking
MEXICAN BORDER
The smuggling problem in the three Mexican border districts is
also interestingly described in the following extracts from district
Qirectors m charge:
DISTRICT NO. 22.— HEADQUARTERS AT SAN ANTONIO, TEX.
The situation in this district with respect to the smuggling of aliens was sumniPH
up rather comprehensively in the last annual report, and it nmv be stated^tTat
exneSedlh.tT '^"' ""'''' ''^t-'"''' K'"'' ^^--ed but, on the contratv t1
fn « ?M??h^r w fl r r'^'^u,''*'^" ^'*' '^•t'^ '^^ added restrictions, will result
in a further influx ol undesirable European aliens to Mexico with the sole ohiect
m view of effooting illegal entry into the United States ov^r the Rio Grande
E^ur'oplans'l iw ll^r'lo smuggling are not expected^o be con^St
nf \wf " !lo^ve^eI, tor the new law requires an immigration visa in the cases
?Lntiw wMlT^p";^^^"'',' ^""^ ^ '^^^r^*-^' "'^■'^'^ Mexican laborers coming to tS
Sded to ti?n Hf>^ itfJ^ ""' nonquota immigrants. This $10 immigration visa,
what tl Pv hi. u • H "^ u^^l' ''''" undoubtedly cause many Mexicans to attempt
^ontrabaiid "cheaper" way to the United States, viz, the route of the
tn;^f.-*i'^f *"'T" H''''''*' the many miles of winding river afford ample oppor-
tunities for aliens to cross almost at will. Onlv in rare instances is it possible
to apprehend aliens as they cross the river, this could not be accomplished
equtVarL-nfr Vh"" 'f 7''' ^'?'^'''^ ^^'^' «f "^^ front and thTstoild
where the ? a iV f.-ln <?' •■ •^'''''1'' -^^ f^^'^ ^^^^^ contraband aliens at points
wnere the trail.s from the river begin to merge. The inspector in charee at
Brownsville, in his ann.ial report for this year to this office has iiven a ve?v
Steboar'a! i?f ''f '''^"''''T «"«-V"tired in dealing wHhMScans who
operate^boats at illegal crossing places. I quote from his report:
the hnP int.. H,;''"? '" \ difficulty in smuggling an alien from Mexico across
TheroJ^n./fwi/if ■''%"' '" ^'^"^ alien entering unassisted, for that matter,
a nuvi tri k P T . ; ^^^ f ''tain seas'ons of the year a«d in some places it becomes
a nuie trukle. This office estimates that there are at least 100 persons living
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 17
on the Mexican side opposite points in this jurisdiction who earn their Hving
chiefly by operating illegal ferries and bringing aliens to the United States.
The work of the officers here in the past two years in apprehending and destroy-
ing boats used as ferries has largely forced them to abandon their large boats
made of lumber and of galvanized sheet iron and to resort to "patos," as they
are known among the smuggling fraternity, made of a willow framework tied
with willow withes and covered with a cheap canvas or wagon sheet. This
canvas can be tied on or taken off the frame in a moment, and then carried under
a man's arm. The frame can easily be hidden in the brush, and if it should be
found and destroyed, 15 minutes' work with a machete (and no one ever saw a
Mexican of this class without a machete) will construct another.
"These illegal ferrymen oftener than not own a small farm on the river. When
an alien, Mexican or European, gentleman, criminal, or bolshevik^ — it makes no
difference — wants to cross this ferryman merely removes his boat cover from his
wagon or haystack where it serves him between times, proceeds to the river and
pulls his frame from the brush where it has been hidden, ties on the cover, places
it in the water, and is ready to, and actually does take his passengers, and often
a few cases of contraband liquor also, to this country. Before placing his boat
in the water he carefull}' spies out this side, and probably calls to some "piasano"
on this side if one is in sight, and ascertains that no "gringo" officers are in that
vicinity. Any Mexican resident on this side will cheerfully abandon his work
and spend a daj' if necessary watching for officers, to aid this boatman, with
whom he is always in sympathy, and also for the reason that this kind of work
does not call for much effort. In spite of the inhibitions of section 8, or of any
other section, which the ferryman is probably ignorant of and which, in any
event, he would cheerfuU.y ignore, he more often than not successfully lands his
passengers and returns to the other side and safety, and his passengers go their
way."
Happily, Congress has awakened to the seriousness of the situation and has
appropriated a very substantial sum for the purpose of protecting the land
boundaries of the United States. This is most encouraging to the officers on
this border who have devoted many j-ears of their lives in a patriotic but obvi-
ously vain effort to prevent smuggling with a small force of men and a limited
appropriation, realizing all the time that they were powerless to cope with the
situation under that handicap. This district has been promised an increased
patrol force, and if the number of men asked for is given and they are men who
have a thorough knowledge of the Spanish language and Mexican border con-
ditions and are temperamentally fitted for this particular type of work, and
proper transportation facilities are furnished, it is believed that the smuggling
situation in this district can be effectually controlled. Many unforeseen condi-
tions will undoubtedly arise, but with the increased force and appropriation
the officers will go into the fight with renewed energy and confidence. Time
alone will show the results.
DISTRICT NO. 25.— HEADQUARTERS AT EL PASO, TEX.
In the nature of things the smuggling of Mexican aliens over this border
constitutes a problem which will j^ersist as long as there are immigration laws
to be enforced, and to enumerate the various angles of alien smuggling so far
as it concerns Mexicans would be merely to repeat previous annual reports of
this office in which such matters were set forth in detail.
Chinese smuggling operations across the Mexican border, at points within
this immigration district, amount to little or nothing at this time. The principal
alien smuggling problem with which we now have to deal has to do with Europeans
seeking illegal entry by way of Mexico, most of whom are prevented by the
terms of the restrictive immigration law from securing admission at American
seaports.
There are thousands of aliens in Europe who previously resided in this country
and who desire to return here, not only because of depressed industrial conditions
abroad but because they know from first-hand experience that labor conditions
in this countr}' are far superior to those in Europe, even in normal times. Thou-
sands— perhaps millions — of others possessing general knowledge of the better
labor and living conditions in the United States and tired of waging a losing fight
with the economic situation existing in their respective countries, have fixed
upon the United States as their goal. While the limitations created by the
per centum limit act undoubtedly have had the effect of discouraging the ma-
jority of such aliens from translating desire into action, they have but intensified
the desire as to thousands of others. These latter, upon being denied passport
18 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION
vis6s by American consuls because of exhausted quotas or for other good reasons,
give ready heed to the suggestion of steamship agents and others that Mexico
affords easy access to the United States. Reports received from time to time
indicate that there are organized groups of smugglers, having agents throughout
Mexico and Europe, who induce inadmissible aliens to take the "via Mexico"
route to the United States, one agent forwarding them to another until the border
is reached, all for a financial consideration, of course. The majority of the aliens
are practically in destitute circumstances and the funds are supplied by friends
and relatives in this country. Investigations made by American consuls in
Mexico have developed that certain banks in the United States and Mexico are
especially favored by residents of this covmtry in making remittances for such
aliens en route hereto, and undoubtedly similar arrangements exist between
certain American and European banks for financing aliens before they leave
Europe.
While there is reason to believe that the smugglers who actually bring the
aliens across the international boundary line into the United States are operatives
of one or more of the organizations whose ramifications extend through Mexico
and Europe, this lias not been verified by convincing evidence, as in nearly every
instance the smuggler as well as the contraband aliens when arrested, claims
to have been working independently or with local organizations. Sometimes
the same smuggler takes the alien to the point of crossing, leads or carries him
across the river at a shallow ford, or leads or conveys him by automobile across
the land boundary, and either places him on a train or conveys him by auto-
mobile to an interior point. Generally, however, these several transactions are
attended to bj' different persons working with a common understanding.
Some of the border smugglers — most all of whom are Mexicans — ^are typical
"Apaches," and when the international line is reached do not hesitate to rob
the aliens and then abandon them. There have been unconfirmed reports to
the effect that in some instances the smugglers murdered their victims when
they had reason to believe that they were in possession of large sums of money.
The contraband aliens depart from the border on foot, in automobiles, and
in i)assenger and freight trains. Outgoing passenger trains are inspected by
immigration officers at border points, and in numerous instances the contrabands
have attempted to deceive the depot inspection officers as to their immigration
status, hoping they will be permitted to proceed by train. Generally, however,
those aliens v\ho elect to journey to the interior b}' passenger train are first con-
veyed by automobile beyond the border town, to the nearest point where trains
stop, but if there is an inspection officer there, they are transported by auto-
mobile around and beyond that inspection point before being placed on the train.
This service must then depend upon local peace officers and others, whose good
will has been cultivated by immigration officers, to furnish telephonic or tele-
graphic information about the transaction, which information may result in the
alien's apprehension at a station still farther in the interior.
Sometimes persons residing in the United States come to the border to meet
the illegal entrants and accompany them to their destination in the United States,
and several of these United States residents who assisted the aliens to enter
illegally, or who thereafter performed acts of assistance that could be denomi-
nated as "harboring and concealing" were successfully criminally prosecuted
for violation of section 8 of the immigration act or conspiracy (section 37 of the
penal code) to violate that provision of law. One such case involved an alien
who had for several years resided near Pittsburgh, Pa., and who was engaged by
relatives of the contraband involved to come to the border and assist the latter
to enter and to make the journey to his relatives. The alien from Pennsylvania
made the mistake of crossing to Juarez, Mexico, and as a result he has been visited
with an order of deportation abroad as well as criminal prosecution. An uncle
of the contraband has likewise been indicted in that case, and it may be that other
relatives of the alien who are believed to have been parties to the unlawful
transaction will be prosecuted because of their participation in the affair.
Freight-train inspections are made to a limited extent — so far as can be done
with the force of officers available.
It would require a large-sized army to effectively patrol the border line of
approximately 1,000 miles so as to prevent illegal entries of aliens, and it would
be useless to station a handful of immigration officers on the line expecting them
to prevent illegal entries or even to apj^rehend aliens in the act of entering with-
out inspection. In actual practice they are placed on the border line or river
only when information is received from what is believed to be a reliable source
that arrangements have been made by certain smugglers to cross a party of aliens
at a given time and place. Generally this information is received from member
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 19
of another smuggling outfit when competition is so close that one gang, in order
to maintain its own profits, will use every means at hand to put another out of
business.
It is apparent, therefore, that it is not hard for aliens to cross the international
boundary line. The difficulty lies in getting away from the border towns on the
American side, as the aliens must do sooner or later, since those places have little
or no employment to offer them. In this desert countrj^ overland travel must
follow certain well-defined routes, so that water, provisions, and gasoline may be
procured, and it has been found that the best results in the matter of apprehending
aliens after the}' effect illegal entry are obtained by stationing immigration
officers at certain strategic points which must be passed by the aliens traveling
overland. This work of the mounted or patrol inspectors is attended by con-
siderable hardship and much danger, as it is often necessary for them to remain
on duty long hours without opportunity for rest or sleep, in inclement weather,
and the smugglers, who very frequently transport intoxicating liquor or narcotic
drugs with the aliens, are desperate characters. They go armed and shoot at
the command to halt in the name of the law, preferring to commit murder
rather than be apprehended and face the probability of serving a prison sentence.
Previous annual reports have related the details of the killing and wounding of
immigration officers by smugglers.
Many and varied devices are resorted to enter the United States or remain
in this country in violation of law. European aliens, inadmissible for perma-
nent residence in the United States, have availed themselves of the privilege of
entering under bond to pass in transit through the United States to some other
point in Mexico or to Canada. It was discovered that most of them made the
transit journey for the purpose of securing what they considered to be a more
advantageous base from which to enter the United States without inspection,
transferring themselves to points in Mexico where they could be more easily
assisted by relatives or friends, or others interested for any reason in getting
them into this country. Following this discovery a plan was put into operation
whereby the application of any such alien for the transit privilege made at a port
of this immigration district is deferred until investigation can l)e made of condi-
tions at the proposed destination, to determine whether the alien could secure
employment or profitably engage in business, or whether he has relatives there
able and willing to assist him, and so on, the transit privilege finalh' to be denied
unless the investigation results favorably for the applicant.
Cases have arisen in which aliens arrested on the charge of being illegally in
the United States attempted to impersonate those who had been lawfully
admitted at an immigration port of entry. In each such case the contraband
alien presented the passport of an alien who had been regularly admitted, the
description thereon fitting him in a general way, and the photograph attached
to the same having been defaced or one of the contraband substituted for that
of the person to whom the passport was originally issued. The alien under
arrest had been carefully coached, so that his apparent knowledge of the person
he was impersonating, of his family and business connections, and the like, was
almost convincing; and to make matters more difficult for the Government the
person impersonated was designedly missing from his accustomed haunts when
an officer went in search of him. Only the most searching inquiry established
the deception and attempted fraud.
The testimony of arrested aliens is to the effect that those under the tutelage
of agents of smuggling organizations after arrival in Mexico discard their pass-
ports stamped to show the date .of landing at Mexican seaports, obtain new
passports from their respective consular representatives in Mexico, and often-
sometimes have the same visaed by American consuls upon the representations
of the appUcants and witnesses — the latter supplied by the "organization" —
that the aliens had resided in Mexico for five years or more, which, of course,
would except them from the quota and at the same time serve to divest them
from liability to exclusion under the terms of the last proviso of section 23 of the
immigration act, requiring, in brief, a two years' residence in Mexico after arrival
there by vessel. It is believed that few, if any, of these aliens holding passports
with vises so obtained have succeeded in imposing upon immigration officers of
this district, but to make assurance doubly sure instructions have been issued
that all European aliens applying for admission at ports of this immigration
district shall be held for action by boards of special inquiry and their status made
the subject of very careful investigation, exceptions to the rule to be made only
by an inspector in charge in cases personally known to him to be specially meri-
torious, such as that of a merchant domiciled in Mexico anc^ "^oming to the United
States temporarily for business purposes.
20 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION
In the last annual report it was stated that during the fiscal year 1922, 3,450
European aliens arrived at the port of Vera Cruz, and that in the following
fiscal year 5,000 such aliens arrived at the same port. Information received by
this office indicated that arrivals of European aliens at other Mexican seaports
iluring these two years were of a negligible volume. During the fiscal year
covered by this report 8,221 such aliens arrived at Vera Cruz, 2,453 at Tampico,
and 48 at Mazatlan, or a total of 10,720 at the three Mexican seaports named.
As elsewhere noted herein, during the year there was a large increase in the
number of aliens — other than Mexicans — arrested on departmental warrant
after illegal entr}', specifically 461, as compared with 296 for the preceding year;
but it is apparent that the percentage of such increase is considerably less than
the ratio of increase in the number of arrivals in Mexico of European aliens,
most of whom, of course, go to that country with the intention of entering there-
from into the United States without inspection. If industrial conditions abroad
continue unsatisfactory, and if the Mexican Government continues to permit
aliens to enter Mexico practically without restriction, the more stringent provi-
sions of the restrictive immigration act of 1924 undoubtedly will result in a still
higher ratio of increase in the number of European aliens proceeding to Mexico
with the United States as their objective, and it is hoped that when the additional
border patrolmen authorized have been put to work there will be a larger per-
centage of apprehension of aliens of this class who may effect illegal entry into
the United States.
The criminal prosecution of overseas aliens entering without properly visaed
passports in violation of the passport act and proclamation, followed by their
deportation al:)road and the criminal prosecution of their smugglers, with peni-
tentiary sentences upon conviction, att'ord but a slight discouragement to the
illegal traffic, and it is safe to predict that proscribed aliens will continue to dis-
play the will and find some one to assist them to enter the United States in vio-
lation of law as long as they can arrange for funds with which to pay for the
necessary assistance; and there seems to be a new crop of smugglers ever ready
to fill the ranks depleted by those sent to prison. It is apparent, therefore,
that an effective administration of the law requires that there shall be provided
and maintained at all times a sufficient force of patrol inspectors to apprehend the
aliens before they can leave the border and commingle with residents of the
large cities or even of the smaller communities distantly removed from the border
and from an immigration station.
DISTRICT NO. 31 HEADQUARTERS AT LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
In former years practically the only aliens seeking illegal entry across the
Mexican border were Mexicans, Chinese, and Japanese. Apparently little or
no attention has been paid to the Mexican movement, and a machine has been
built up designed solely to operate against those smuggling Chinese and Japanese.
With the enforcement of the passport and quota laws hundreds of Europeans
and Hindus have made their way to Mexico, and, they being willing to reward
in a monetary way persons assisting them in gaining illegal entry to the United
States, the smugglers have to a great extent turned their attention to these races
rather than to those dealt with formerly. Owing to the abundance of labor
afforded Chinese and Japanese in Mexico during the past year Httle or no smug-
gling of these races has been indulged in, but hundreds of aliens of other races
have arrived in the vicinity of the border and simply disappeared. The machine,
built for the apprehension of Chinese and Japanese, was found to be inadequate
for the prevention of the entry of others. Therefore a complete reorganization of
our forces was attempted, officers carefully instructed in the ways of the new
elements they had to deal with, and the whole system of activity revised to meet
the new needs. * * *
As has been heretofore reported, organized gangs of smugglers from time to
time in the past have been in evidence in this di.strict. Our forces have lacked
numerical strength and our equipment has been insufficient to meet the needs of
even the few men available, but through long hours of hard work and constant
vigilance on the part of our scattered force the position of the smuggler has been
rendered none too enviable, and his calling has been fraught with an ever-present
danger of apprehension and the consequent penalties. The reports do not equal
in number the apprehensions recorded in former years for the reason that the
practice of smuggling has been less prevalent, and no greater tribute could be
paid to the efforts of those engaged in the prevention of smuggling than this
sure indication that their efforts have not been without reward.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 21
With the assignment to duty of the additional officers to this district under
the new title "patrol inspectors" it is thought that the life of the smuggler will
be made simply unbearable, and the attempts at illegal entry will shortly be con-
lined to the individual and unassisted efforts of thvose immediately involved.
In other words, the greater the degree of efficiency attained by the bureau's
officers the fewer the concrete cases reflected in the records and the smuggling
rings will be broken up.
With the reins of border control so tightened as to render smuggling via the
land routes too hazardous to be profitable, it would be foolhardy to imagine that
the smuggling problem is solved in this district. It is certain tliat, with the
inauguration of adequate measures to compete with the land border situation,
those interested in the smuggling of aliens will turn their attention more than
ever to water routes. There are hundreds of miles of coast line now entirely
unprotected. Thousands of fishing and other small craft ply these waters up
and down the coast at all seasons of the year, and these water craft can land
aliens at almost any place they may choose. Practically all of these vessels are
manned by aliens, and they enter and depart from even our regular ports with-
out clearance and without supervision of anj- kind from any Government agenc}".
It is a known fact that vessels of this character are being utilized in the smug-
gling of liquor and narcotics, and the records show that they have been made
available for the smuggling of aliens. This is a questiou that has been left
unsolved, and now we may expect that the imperative necessity of prompt action
on the part of this service will shortly present itself. It is "the opinion of the
writer that both land and water forces will be necessary. All fishing and other
small craft should be inspected by the officers of this service upon entering any
of the ports in this distrtct, careful check kept of crews at all times, and every
effort made to effect a complete control of the situation at regular ports. Without
such a check, changes in crew would be a matter of altogether too easy accom-
plishment to be overlooked by aliens seeking illegal entry. This would mean
that we should have a Government boat at San Diego, one at San Pedro, and
one at Santa Barbara.
In addition to the above, a land force is suggested whose duty it would be t:>
watch and check landings at other than regular ports. This force should be
equipped with motor vehicles, and move from place to place as necessity may
require, performing duty as to the coast line similar to that contemplated for the
control of inland routes of travel.
DESERTING SEAMEN
Closely allied to border running is the illegal entrv of alleged sea-
men who come to United States ports as members of ships' crews
and, taking advantage of shore privileges granted under the law,
desert the vessels bringing them and remain in the conntry. Bona
fide seamen have a legal right to go ashore in any port, and under
our laws they are free to leave their vessels for the purpose of reship-
ping foreign. In fact this is the natural and inherent right of sea-
going men which even the immigration law recognizes and respects.
The deserting seaman method of gaining illegal entry has been prac-
ticed to some extent ever since immigration laws began to interfere
with the unrestricted coming of aliens, but under the quota law. and
especially during the past two years, such violations have grown to
rather alarming proportions. This fact is strikingly illustrated in
the following figures, showing the number of reported desertions in
United States ports in each year since 1911 :
Fiscal year ending June 30
Number
deserting
seamen
reported
Number
Fiscal year ending June 30 de^^f^'^^^
reported
1911
6,594
6,384
9,136
9,747
6,458
6,584
8,572
1918 4, 756
1912
1919 .3,388
1920 13,543
1921 21, 839
1913
1914
1915 .._ . .
1922 1 5, 879
1916_
1923 1 23, 194
1917
1924 i 34 679
Os>
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL, OF IMMIGRATION
During the 12 years 1911 to 1922, inclusive, the annual average
number of desertions was 8,573, and this period included the abnormal
years of 1920 and 1921, when ocean transportation suffered what almost
amounted to a collapse. It will be recalled that in the two fiscal years
referred to hundreds upon hundreds of ocean-going ships of all nations
were tied up in harbors of the United States and other countries, with
the result that thousands of alien seamen were left stranded in our
ports. In view of this it is hardly fair to count the excessive numbers
shown in these two years as desertions, for many thousands of them
were simplv stranded here, and, as stated in the annual report for
1922, the frnmigration Bureau was deluged with requests to deport
or in some way to return them to their home countries.
This was not the situation in the last two years, however, and the
onl}' reasonable explanation of the great increase in desertions is that
men who could not come into the country in a legal way, largely
because of quota restrictions, signed on vessels in foreign ports as
seamen and in that guise gained admission by taking illegal advantage
of the shore liberty which the seaman's act rightfully accords to all
bona fide followers of the sea. The distribution of desertions by
ports or immigration districts in the two years under discussion is
shown below:
Ports (or districts)
Number of
desertions
Ports (or districts)
Number of
desertions
1923
1924
1923
1924
New York
14, 734
2,310
1,621
1,341
318
389
28
1
22
22, 252
1,143
3,041
1,314
378
1,101
237
6
21
160
129
80
206
142
602
373
162
67
1,020
Boston
Galveston
788
Philadelphia
Port Arthur, Tex
405
Baltimore
51
Portland, Me
1
Norfolk
San Francisco
429
113
105
1
366
31
438
Savannah
358
Miami
Seattle .
510
Key West
Alaska
Charleston ...
734
Jacksonville
29
36
70
1
45
Porto Rico
112
Tampa
Honolulu
52
Total
St. Joe, Fla ..
23,194
34, 679
Mobile
1
To construct legislation which will enable the Immigration Service
to prevent the unlawful entry of aliens in the guise of seamen without
interfering with the legal and inherent shore privileges of bona fide
seamen is a difficult if not impossible task. It is hoped, however, that
certain provisions in the immigration act of 1924, which becomes
effective at the beginning of the new fiscal year, will afford some relief
in this regard. The evident purpose of this new legislation is to avoid
infringement on the rights assured to bona fide seamen under the
present seamen's act, but at the same time to make it possible to
refuse shore privileges to intending immigrants who have taken this
means of getting into the country. The hope of accomplishment lies
in the authority given immigration officers to order the detention of
pretending seamen on board vessels bringing them to a United States
port and their deportation on the same vessel, the penalty for failure
to so detain and deport being fixed at $1,000 for each alien seaman in
respect of whom such failui'c occurs.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 23
The full effect of this provision of law can not be foreseen, but the
outlook is promising, and if its enforcement results in a more careful
selection of crews in foreign ports with the purpose to avoid shipping
men who are immigrants instead of seamen, it is believed that much
good will be accomplished.
IMMIGRATION BORDER PATROL
For a number of years the Immigration Service has maintained a
small and ^videly scattered force of mounted guards on the Mexican
border for the purpose of preventing alien smuggling. Ordinarily
this force numbered somewhat less than 60 men, most of whom were
especially chosen because of their loiowledge of border conditions,
and they have rendered conspicuous service in enforcing the law in
that difficult territory. In fact, this small force has accomplished
so much in the way of apprehending smugglers and aliens that in
some sections of that vast southwest territory border running has
come to be regarded as an extremely hazardous occupation. But
it has been hazardous work for the Immigration Service as well as
for law violators, and in past years several of our mounted patrolmen
have been killed in line of duty by desperate characters operating
in the region adjacent to the Mexican border and along roads lead-
ing therefrom. In former years it was possible in a good many
instances for inspectors of the Immigration Service to devote more
or less time to the prevention of smuggling, but the large increase
in the number of aliens applying for legal admission on both the
Canadian and Mexican borders during more recent years, and
particularly during the past two years, has required the undivided
attention of such officers. During these two years Eiu-opeans have
not been able to come to the United States at will through legal
channels, such inability being largely due to the quota limit law,
and attempts to enter surreptitiously with or without the aid of
professional smugglers have materially increased and our limited
border forces, which, as already stated, were kept busy with the ex-
amination of applicants for legal entry, were utterly unable to cope
with the situation.
The bureau considered the situation very carefully, and after
consultation with officers in charge of border districts the conclusion
was reached that forces already operating on the Mexican border
ought to be extended there and a similar force created for service on
the Canadian border. Well-authenticated reports of constantly
increasing border-running activities reached the bureau and the
public from various som'ces, and as a result Congress at the last
session made an annual appropriation of approximately .^1,000,000
for the purpose of extending a border patrol. A part ot this appro-
priation was made available for immediate use, with the result that
the creation of a force of so-called immigration patrol inspectors is
now under way, and it is expected that within the next two or three
months about 450 such officers will be in service along the two borders.
The biueau feels that this is a most important step in developing
effective prevention of alien smuggling on both the northern and
southern land boundaries.
The alien smuggling from Cuba, largely to Florida and the Gulf
coast, having continued to be one of the most difficult problems of the
24 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION
Immigration Service, it is the intention to create a small force of
patrol inspectors for service in that connection. Apparently, the
special appropriation referred to is not available for maintaining a
force in Florida, but it is hoped that the creation of the regular patrol
on the land boundaries will make it possible to utilize a limited part
of the general immigration appropriation in order to carry on the
necessary work in Florida.
THE IMMIGRATION ACT OF 1924
It will undoubtedly be considered that the most important event
in the immigration history of the fiscal year was the passage of the
act of May 26, ofRcially known as the ''Immigration act of 1924.''
This legislation M'hich supplants the so-called quota limit act of May
19, 1921, the latter having expired by limitation at the close of the
fiscal year just ended, makes several very important changes not
only in our immigration policy but also in the administrative ma-
chinery of tlie Immigration Service. Some of the more important
changes in these respects will be briefly referred to.
It will be remembered that the quota limit act of May, 1921,
provided that the number of aliens of any nationality admissible
to the United States in any fiscal year should be hmited to 3 per cent
of the number of persons of such nationality who were resident in the
United States according to the census of 1910, it being also provided
that not more than 20 per cent of any annual quota could be admitted
in any one month. Under the act of 1924 the number of each nation-
ality wlio may be admitted annually is limited to 2 per cent of the
population of such nationahty resident in the United States according
to the census of 1890, and not more than 10 per cent of any annual
quota may be admitted in any month except in cases where such
quota is less tiian 300 for the entire year.
Under the act of May, 1921, the quota area was limited to Europe,
the Near East, Africa, and Australasia. The countries of North
and South America, with adjacent islands, and countries immigration
from which was otherwise regulated, such as China, Japan, and
countries within the Asiatic barred zone, were not witliin the scope
of the quota law. Under the now act, however, immigration from
the entire world, with the exception of the Dominion of Canada,
Newfoundland, the Republic of Mexico, the Repubhc of Cuba, the
Republic of Haiti, the Dominican Republic, the Canal Zone, and
inoependent countries of Central and South America, is subject to
quota limitations. The various quotas established under the new
law are shown in the following proclamation of the President, issued
on the last day of the present fiscal year:
By the President op the United States of America
A PROCLAMATION
Whereas it is provided in the act of Congress approved May 26, 1924, entitled
"An act to Umit tlie immigration of aliens into the United States, and for other
purposes" that —
"The annual quota of any nationality shall be two per centum of the
number of foreign-born individuals of such nationality resident in con-
tinental United States as determined by the United States census of 1890,
but the minimum quota of any nationalit}^ shall be 100 (Sec. 11(a)).
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 25
" For the purposes of this Act nationality shall be determined bv country
by birth * * * (sec. 12 (a)).
"The Secretary of State, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary
of Labor, jointly, shall, as soon as feasible after the enactment of this act,
prepare a statement showing the number of individuals of the various
nationalities resident in continental United States as determined by the
United States census of 1890, which statement shall be the population
basis for the purposes of subdivision (a) of section 11 (sec. 12(b)).
"Such officials shall, jointly, report annually to the President the quota
of each nationality under subdivision (a) of section 11. together with the
statements, estimates, and revisions provided for in this section. The
President shall proclaim and make known the quotas so reported." (Sec.
12(e)).
And whereas satisfactory evidence has been presented to me that the Secretary
of State, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Labor, pursuant to
the authority conferred upon them in the act of Congress approved May 26,
1924, have made the statement and the quotas therein provided.
Now, therefore, I, Calvin Coolidge, President of the United States of America,
acting under and by virtue of the power in me vested by the aforesaid act of
Congress, do hereby proclaim and make known that on and after July 1, 1924,
and throughout the fiscal year 1924-1925, the quota of each nationality provided
in said Act shall be as follows:
Country or area of birth 1^4-1925
*Afghanistan *100
Albania ^ 100
Andorra 100
Arabian peninsula (1, 2) 100
Armenia 124
Australia, including Papua, Tasmania, and all islands
appertaining to Australia (3,4) 121
Austria 785
Belgium (5) 512
*Bhutan *100
Bulgaria 100
Cameroon (proposed British mandate) 100
Cameroon (French mandate) 100
*China *100
Czechoslovakia 3, 073
Danzig, Free City of 228
Denmark (5, 6) 2, 789
Egypt 100
Esthonia 124
Ethiopia (Abj-ssinia) 100
Finland 471
France (1, 5, 6) 3,954
Germany 51, 227
Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1, 3, 5, 6) 34, 007
Greece 100
Hungary 473
Iceland 100
*India (3) *100
Iraq (Mesopotamia) 100
Irish Free State (3) 28, 567
Italy, including Rhodes, Dodekanesia, and Castellorizzo
(5) 3,845
*Japan *100
Lativa 142
Liberia 100
Liechtenstein 100
Lithuania 344
Luxemburg 100
Monaco 100
Morocco (French and Spanish Zones and Tangier) 100
26 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL, OF IMMIGRATION
Country or area of birth l^jim-
*Mu.<cat (Oman) *100
Nauru (proposed British mandate) (4) 100
♦Nepal _ *100
Netherlands (1, 5, 6) 1, 648
New Zealand (including appertaining islands (3, 4) 100
Norway (5) 6, 453
*New Guinea, and other Pacific Islands under proposed
Austrahan mandate (4) , *100
Palestine (with Trans-Jordan, proposed British man-
date) 100
Persia (1) 100
Poland. _. 5,982
Portugal (1, 5) 503
Ruanda and Urundi (Belgium mandate) 100
Rumania 603
Ruissia, European and Asiatic (1) 2, 248
Samoa, Western (4) (proposed mandate of New Zealand) 100
San Marino 100
*Siam * 100
South Africa, Union of (3) 100
South West Africa (proposed mandate of Union of South
Africa) ._ 100
Spain (5) 131
Sweden 9, 56 1
Switzerland 1 2, 081
Syria and The Lebanon (French mandate) 100
Tanganyika (proposed British mandate) 100
Togoland (proposed British mandate) 100
Togoland (French mandate) 100
Turkey 100
*Yap and other Pacific islands (under Japanese mandate)
(4) *100
Yugoslavia 671
* For each of the countries indicated b}' an asterisk (*) is established a nomi-
nal quota according to the minimum fixed by law. These nominal quotas, as
in the case of all quotas hereby established, are available only for persons born
within the respective countries who are eligible to citizenship in the United
States and admissible under the immigration laws of the United States.
1. (a) Persons born in the portions of Persia, Russia, or the Arabian peninisula
situated within the barred zone, and who are admissible under the immigra-
tion laws of the United States as quota immigrants, will be charged to the
quotas of these countries; and (fe) persons born in the colonies, dependencies, or
protectorates, or portions thereof, within the barred zone, of France, Great
Britain, the Netherlands, or Portugal, who are admissible under the immigra-
tion laws of the United States as quota immigrants, will be charged to the
quota of the country to which such colony or dependenc}^ belongs or by which
it is administered as a protectorate.
2. The quota-area denominated "Arabian peninsula" consists of all territory
except Muscat and Aden, situated in the portion of that peninsula and adjacent
islands, to the southeast of Iraq, of Palestine with Trans-Jordan, and of Egypt.
3. Quota immigrants born in the British self-governing dominions or in the
Empire of India, will be charged to the appropriate quota rather than to that of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland. There are no quota restrictions for Canada
and Newfoundland.
4. As shown on Chart No. 1262a, Hydrographic Oflfice, United States Navy
Department.
5. Quota immigrants eligible to citizenship in the United States, born in a
colony, dependency, or protectorate of any country to which a quota applies
will be charged to the quota of that country.
6. In contrast with the law of 1921, the immigration act of 1924 provides that
persons born in the colonies or dependencies of European countries situated
in Central America, South .\merica, or the islands adjacent to the American con-
KEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL, OF IMMIGRATION 27
tinents (except Newfoundland and islands pertaining to Newfoundland, Labra-
dor and Canada), will be charged to the quota of the country to which such
colony or dependencj- belongs.
General Note. — The immigration quotas assigned to the various countries
and quota-areas should not be regarded as having any political significance what-
ever, or as involving recognition of new governments, or of new boundaries, or
of transfers of territory except as the United States Government has already
made such recognition in a formal and official manner.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the
United States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington, this thirtieth day of June, in the year
of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty-four and of
[seal] the independence of the United States of America the one hundred
and forty-eighth.
(Signed) Calvin Coolidge.
By the President:
Charles E. Hughes,
Secretary of State.
The quotas from various countries or regions of birth allotted
under the act of May, 1921, the old quota law, and the act of 1924
are shown in the following compilation:
Country or region of birth
Albania
Armenia (Russian)
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia _.-
Danzig
Denmark
Esthonia
Finland
France
Germany
Great Britain, Ireland-
Greece
Hungary
Iceland.-
Irish Free State '
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Act of
1921
Act of
1924
288
230
342
563
302
357
301
619
348
921
729
607
342
063
747
75
057
540
629
100
124
785
512
100
3,073
228
2,789
124
471
3,954
51, 227
34,007
100
473
100
28, 567
3,845
142
344
Country or region of birth
Luxemburg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Rumania
Russia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland -.
Yugoslavia
Palestine
Syria
Turkey -
Australia
New Zealand and Pacific
Islands-..
All others
Total
Act of
1921
92
3,607
12, 202
30, 977
2,465
7,419
24, 405
912
20.042
3,752
6,426
57
882
2,654
279
80
492
357, 803
Act of
1924
100
1,648
6,453
5,982
503
603
2,248
131
9,561
2,081
671
100
100
100
121
100
3,100
164, 667
» Included in Great Britain, Ireland, under act of 1921.
The act of 1924 defines the term "immigrant" as "any alien de-
parting from any place outside the United States destined for the
United States, except (1) a Government official, his family, attend-
ants, servants, and employees, (2) an alien visiting the United States
temporarily as a tourist or temporarily for business or pleasure, (3)
an alien in continuous transit through the United States, (4) an alien
lawfully admitted to the United States who later goes in transit from
one part of the United States to another through foreign contiguous
territory, (5) a bona fide alien seaman serving as such on a vessel
arriving at a port of the United States and seeking to enter tempo-
rarily the United States solely in the pursuit of his calling as a sea-
man, and (6) an alien entitled to enter the United States solely to
carry on trade under and in pursuance of the provisions of a present
existing treaty of commerce and navigation."
Immigrants are, in effect, divided into two classes, quota immi-
grants and nonquota immigrants, meaning in the first instance
14155— 24t 3
28 KEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL, OF IMMIGRATION
aliens who are chargeable against the quotas of their respective coun-
tries and in the second immigrants who may enter the United States
without reference to quota limitations, the latter including (a) an
immigrant who is the unmarried child under 18 years of age, or the
wife, of a citizen of the United States who resides therein at the time
of the filing of a petition under section 9; (b) an immigrant previously
lawfully admitted to the United States, who is returning from a tem-
porary visit abroad; (c) an immigrant who was born in the Dominion
of Canada, Newfoundland, the Republic of Mexico, the Republic of
Cuba, the Republic of Haiti, the Dominican Republic, the Canal
Zone, or an independent countr}^ of Central or South America, and
his wife, and his unmarried children under 18 years of age, if accom-
panying or following to join him; (d) an immigrant who continu-
ously for at least two years immediately preceding the time of his
application for admission to the United States has been, and who
seeks to enter the United States solely for the purpose of carrying on
the vocation of minister of any religious denomination, or professor
of a college, academy, seminary, or university, and his wife, and his
unmarried children under 18 years of age, if accompanying or follow-
ing to join him; or (e) an immigrant who is a bona fide student at
least 15 years of age and who seeks to enter the United States solely
for the purpose of study at an accredited school, college, academy,
seminary, or university, particularly designated by him and approved
by the Secretary of Labor which shall have agreed to report to the
Secretary of Labor the termination of attendance of each immigrant
student, and if any such institution of learning fails to make such
reports promptly the approval shall be withdrawn. All other aliens,
except the nonimmigrant classes listed above, are quota immigrants.
All quota and nonquota immigrants must be in possession of an
immigration visa issued by a United States consul before they can
be admitted to the United States, and the annual and monthly
limitation under the various quotas is controlled through limiting
the number of quota immigration visas issued in any month or year.
In other words, the quotas are counted or controlled in American
consulates, usually in the country where the applicant resides,
rather than on arrival at a United States port, as was the case under
the former quota limit act, thus obviating the unliapp}' experiences
of the past three years, when thousands of aliens were brought to
the United States in excess of quotas only to be returned to the
country of origin.
Preference in the issuance of qiiota visas is given to a quota
immigrant who is the unmarried c/liild under 21 years of age, the
father, the mother, the husband, or the wife, of a citizen of the United
States who is 21 years of age or over, and to a quota immigrant who
is skilled in agriculture, and his wife, and his dependent children
under the age of 16 years, if accompanying or following to join him.
A preference in the case of persons skilled in agriculture is not appli-
cable to immigrants of any nationality the annual (}Uota for which
is less than 300, and in no case shall the combined preferences exceed
50 per cent of the annual quota of any nationality.
Tlie law provides that on and after July 1, 1027, (luotas shall be
calculated as provided in section 11 of the act under discussion,
whicli provides in part as follows;
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 29
Sec. 11. (a) The annual quota of any nationality shall be 2 per centum of the
number of foreign-born individuals of such nationalit}' resident in continental
United States as determined by the United States census of 1890, but the mini-
mum quota of any nationality shall be 100.
(b) The annual quota of any nationality for the fiscal 3'ear beginning July 1,
1927, and for each fiscal j^ear thereafter, shall be a number which bears the same
ratio to 150,000 as the number of inhabitants in continental United States in 1920^
having that national origin (ascertained as hereinafter provided in this section)
bears to the number of inhabitants in continental United States in 1920, but the
minimum quota of any nationality shall be 100.
(c) For the purpose of subdivision (b) national origin shall be ascertained by
determining as nearly as may be, in respect of each geographical area which
under section 12 is to be treated as a separate country (except the geographical
areas specified in subdivision (c) of section 4) the number of inhabitants in con-
tii^ential United States in 1920 whose origin bj' birth or ancestry is attributable
to such geographical area. Such determination shall not be made by tracing
the ancestors or descendants of particular individuals, but shall be based upon
statistics of inunigration and emigration, together with rates of increase of popula-
tion as shown by successive decennial United States censuses, and such other data
as may be found to be i-eliable.
(d) For the purpose of subdivisions (b) and (c) the term "inhabitants in con-
tinental United States in 1920" does not include (1) immigrants from the geo-
graphical areas specified in subdivision (c) of section 4 or their descendants, (2)
aliens ineligible to citizenship or their descendants, (3) the descendants of slave
immigrants, or (4) the descendants of American aborigines.
(e) The determination provided for in subdivision (c) of this section shall be
made by the Secretary- of State, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of
Labor, jointly. In making such determination such officials may call for in-
formation and expert assistance from the Bureau of the Census. Such officials
shall, jointly, report to the President the quota of each nationality, determined as
provided in subdivision (b), and the President shall proclaim and make known
the quotas so reported. Such proclamiation shall be made on or before April 1,
1927. If the proclamation is not made on or before such date, quotas proclaimed
therein shall not be in effect for any fiscal year beginning before the expiration of
90 days e^fter the date of the proclamation. After the making of a proclamation
under this subdivision the quotas proclaimed therein shall continvxe with the
same effect as if specifically stated herein, and shall be final and conclusive for
every purpose except (1) in so far as it is made to appear to the satisfaction of such
officials anci proclaimed by the President, that an error of fact has occurred in
such determination or in such proclamation, or (2) in the case provided for in
subdivision (c) of section 12. If for any reason quotas proclaimed under this
subdivision are not in effect for any fiscal year, cjuotas for siich year shall be
determined under subdivision (a) of this section.
Another important provision of the act of 1924 is found in section
13, which provides that with certain exceptions "no ahen ineligible
to citizenship shall be admitted to the United States." The import
of this provision will be readily understood when it is considered that
the naturalization laws state that the provisions thereof ''shall apply
to aliens being free white persons and to aliens of African nationality
and to persons of African descent." This, in effect, means that per-
sons other than members of the Caucasian, or white, race and of the
African, or black, race are not eligible to citizenship through natur-
alization and, therefore, with certain exceptions, not eligible for
admission to the United States as immigrants. Included in the
category of persons ineligible to citizenship are the Chinese, Japanese,
East Indians, and other peoples indigenous to Asiatic countries and.
adjacent islands.
The peoples chiefly affected by the provision referred to are those'
who, under section 2 of the immigration act of May 19, 1921, were-
exempted from quota requirements as ''aliens from countries immi-
gration from which is regulated in accordance with treaties or agree-
ments relating solely to immigration" and "aliens from the so-called
30 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION
Asiatic barred zone as described in section 3 of the immigration act.''
In the first instance the countries referred to were China, immigration
from which has been regulated under laws based on treaties ever since
1882, and Japan, immigration from which has been regulated under
the so-called passport agreement of 1907, and, in the second, the
provision refers to the so-called Asiatic barred-zone provision of the
general immigration law of 1917. Neither the barred-zone provision
of the act of 1917 nor the laws relating to Chinese are repealed by
the new law, although the provisions of the former legislation in both
instances are more or less modified by provisions of the new law.
The ultimate effect of the provisions of the new law which have thus
been superimposed upon the laws regulating Asiatic immigration c^n
not be exactly determined at this time. As nearly as can be judged,
however, some troublesome problems will result, with the possibility
or even the probability that another more or less important series of
court cases, especially affecting the Chinese immigration, will result.
It is not felt that the bureau can at this time suggest possible
legislative remedies in this respect, but after a careful study of the
provision of the act of 1924 under consideration it is strongly in-
clined to the belief that, with some adjustment, the new legislation
might well make the repeal of the Chinese exclusion law feasible
and perhaps also of the Asiatic barred-zone provision referred to. In
other words, the bureau is inclined to the belief that the provision
which, in effect, adds aliens "ineligible to citizenship" to the long
list of excluded classes already appearing in section 3 of the general
immigration law of 1917 may prove to be an entirely practical
substitute for the earlier legislation referred to and, more especiall}',
the laws relating to Chinese. Putting it in another way, the bureau
is of the opinion that the addition to the excluded classes above
referred to will prove to be even more effective than the old exclusion
law itself, and it is certain that the substitution of the new provision
would considerably minimize the troublesome administrative difficul-
ties which have always existed under the exclusion act.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT
The total appropriation for the immigration field service for the
fiscal year 1924 was $3,817,840, which was made up as follows:
For the enforcement of laws regulating immigration into the United
States $3,300,000
For phj'sical maintenance and upkeep of immigration stations 100, 000
For emergent alterations, repairs, and remodeling of buildings at the
immigration station, Ellis Island, New York Harbor 326, 000
Salaries, Bureau of Immigration 91, 840
Total 3, 817, 840
The amount expended during the fiscal year 1924 for all purposes,
including salaries, repairs, remodeling and maintenance of umiiigra-
tion stations (exclusive of repayments from steamship companies
and individuals for expenditures not properl.v chargeable against the
Government), was $3,732,315.38, leaving an unexpended balance of
$85,524.62.
The total revenue from the enforcement of the unmigratiou la\\>
during the fiscal year 1924 and turned into the general fund of tlie
REPORT OP THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 31
United States Treasury was $6,320,102.74. The following table
shows the various sources of income and the amounts collected under
each head :
Head tax (through customs districts) July 1, 1923 to June 30,
1924 " $5, 493,552. 00
Head tax vohmtarily paid, the statutory period having expired. _ 2, 312. 00
Head tax through naturahzation for nunc pro tunc inspections, _ 21, 839. 96
Fines (through customs districts) Julv 1, 1923, to June 30, 1924_ 444, 938. 66
Forfeiture of bonds 124, 723. 97
Sale of exckisive privileges 1, 634. 40
Sale of Government property 3, 129. 92
Coin-box collections from the New York Telephone Co., Ellis
Island, X. Y 314. 58
From Deper Bros, for damages in moving furniture 10. 00
Bell Manufacturing Co., for lease of the old Charleston immigra-
tion station from December 1, 1922, to June 30, 1923 525. 00
Care and treatment of aliens, Ellis Island Hospital, Public Health
Service, from July 1, 1923, to June 30, 1924 241, 776. 25
Total 6, 334, 756. 74
From the foregoing it will be noted that the Immigration Service
was not only self-supporting during the fiscal year, but in addition
produced a revenue of $2,587,787.36.
With reference to the repayments above referred to, it may be
stated that prior to February 16, 1922, no charge was made by the
Government for maintenance of aliens at immigration stations, except
a flat charge for hospital treatment and meals. Beginning February 1 6
an additional charge of 25 cents a day per alien was made to partially
cover the cost of maintenance and this charge was increased to 50 cents
a day Julv 1, 1924. This resulted in a saving to the appropriation of
$347,000 "during the fiscal year 1924, and a saving of $537,371.53
since the plan was inaugurated.
In conclusion the bureau desires to express its sincere appreciation
of the faithful, effective, and often conspicuous service of its officers
and employees both in the bureau and in the field during the year
just ended, and it desires also to make grateful acknowledgment of
the invaluable contribution which officers of the Public Health
Service have rendered, and finally to express to you and other
officials of the department its sincere thanks for your helpful and
sympathetic interest in the Immigration Service.
Respectfully submitted.
W. W. Husband,
Commissioner General.
Hon. James J. Davis,
Secretary of Labor.
APPENDIX
STATISTICS OF IMMIGRATION
33
34 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION
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38
RLPORT OF THE COMMISSIO^'Eli GEXEEAL OF IMMIGRATION
Table IV. — Net increase or decrease of population, by admission and departure of
aliens, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, by races or peoples
liace or people
African (black)
Armenian
Bohemian and Moravian (Czech)
Bulgarian, Serbian, and Monte-
negrin
Chinese
Croatian and Slovenian
Cuban
Dalmatian, Bosnian, and Her-
zegovinian
Dutch and Flemish
East Indian
English
Finnish
French
German
Greek
Hebrew
Irish
Italian (north)
Italian (south) _..
Japanese
Korean
Lithuanian
Magyar
Mexican..-
Pacific Islander
Polish
Portuguese
Rumanian
Russian
Ruthenian (Russniak)
Scandinavian (Norwegians,
Danes, and Swedes)..
Scotch
Slovak
Spanish
Spanish American _.
Syrian
Turkish
Welsh
West Indian (except Cuban)
Other peoples
Total...-
Male
Female
Admitted in and departed from
Philippine Islands..
Admitted
Departed
Immi-
grant
12,243
2,940
6,869
2,482
4,670
4,137
1,412
295
7,840
154
93, 939
3,975
48, 632
95, 627
5, 252
49, 989
42, 364
11,576
47, 633
8,481
122
1,991
7,446
87, 648
12
19, 371
3,892
1,727
9,531
2,356
40, 978
61, 327
5,523
3,664
3,065
1,595
355
2,635
2,211
937
Nonim-
migrant
Total
423, 186
283, 710
7, 139
7,099
240
324
9,843
184
7,941
69
3,097
186
31, 385
704
6,925
9,427
1,127
2,765
4,709
5,744
19, 410
7,217
50
332
757
18, 139
32
1,359
2,405
343
1,135
51
8,055
6,304
234
6,104
3,983
690
124
536
2,296
382
706, 896 I 172, 406
114,407
57, 999
9,363
19, 342
3,180
7,568 I
2,806
14,513 I
4,321 i
9,353 I
364
10,937
340 ,
125,324 i
4,679
55,557 I
105,054 !
6,379 I
52, 754
47, 073
17, 320
67, 043
15, 698
172
2,323
8,203
105, 787
44
20, 730
6,297
2,070
10, 666
2,407
49, 033
67, 631
5,757
9,768
7,048
2,285
479
3,171
4,507
1,319
879, 302
537, 593
341, 709
16, 502
Emi-
grant
1,449
60
1,287
1,544
3, 736
381
961
183
990
149
6,505
411
1,305
1,832
7,335
260
1,581
2,704
20, 363
2,120
27
381
587
1,878
1
2,590
3,465
1,085
734
52
2,662
1,281
475
3,674
906
439
297
77
600
422
76, 789
57, 313
19, 476
938
Nonpmi-
grant
3,438
127 I
904 I
565
9, 172 '■
200 I
7,397 I
361 I
3,164 '
151 [
35,333 ;
924
6,567 I
7,653
1,677
898 !
3,741 i
4, 505 I
12,951 j
9,623
65 I
308 I
737 ;
1,694
7
1,682
1,106
605
1,190
39
6,815
5,412
244
4,326
3,145
513
80
227
2,155
255
Total
Increase
(■f ) or de-
crease (— )
4,887
187
2,191
2,109
12, 908
581
8,358
544
4,154
300
41,838
1,335
7,872
9,485
9,012
1,158
5,322
7,209
33,314
11,743
92
689
1,324
3,572
8
4,272
4, 571
1,690
1,924
91
9,477
6,693
719
8,000
4,051
952
377
304
2,755
677
139,956 I 216,745
92, 514
47, 442
13,209
149, 827
66, 918
14, 147
+ 14,455
-t-2,993
+ 5,377
+ 697
+ 1,605
+ 3,740
+995
-180
+ 6,783
+ 40
+83, 486
+3, 344
+47, 685
+ 95,569
-2,633
+ 51,596
+ 41,751
+ 10,111
+33, 729
+3, 955
+ 80
+ 1,634
+6.879
+ 102, 215
+ 36
+ 16,458
+ 1,726
+380
+ 8,742
+ 2,316
4 39, 556
+60,938
+ 5,038
+ 1,768
+ 2,997
+ 1,333
+ 102
+ 2,867
+ 1,752
+ 642
-662, 557
+387, 766
4 274, 791
+2,356
REPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL. OP IMMIGRATION 39
Table V. — Intended future permanent residence of aliens admitted and last perma-
nent residence of aliens departed, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, by States and
Territories '
Admitted
Departed
state or Territory
Immigrant
aliens
Non-
immigrant
aliens
Emigrant
aliens
Non-
emigrant
aliens
438
287
12, 620
165
57, 946
1,657
12, 833
451
1,504
4,047
417
3,186
1,118
46, 254
5,311
3,757
1,582
559
1,365
12, 541
3,009
61,938
60,482
10, 795
475
4,435
1,956
2,495
261
7,140
30, 803
1,364
166, 749
270
1,745
24, 154
519
6,820
47,344
1
266
7,707
150
1,016
391
57, 016
1,181
3,251
2,185
16
20,915
2,061
9,324
625
43
26
2,898
28
7,537
225
1,604
68
317
2,474
67
1,808
73
3,146
310
247
159
50
398
463
287
5,765
1,934
437
43
412
104
200
45
283
3,670
317
22, 609
57
55
1,671
80
348
4,154
13
424
818
29
41
95
10,248
185
93
202
11
1,314
350
350
117
93,704
53
65
439
21
6,008
182
1,478
25
225
1,705
78
451
109
3,977
633
253
101
47
457
100
265
6,715
2,624
640
47
423
178
145
53
132
2,909
52
28, 983
79
112
3,423
42
398
7,014
24
1&
Arizona
46
12
California ..
5,374
122
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia .
481
10
51
Florida....
Georgia
1,027
25
2,527
Idaho
62
1,962
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
223
166
40
34
144
55
126
2,667
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire -
1,172
334
12
181
98
95
23
67
1,006
New Mexico .
21
New York
North Carolina. . ....
9,376
16
49
Ohio .. -
930
Oklalioma ...
16
351
Pennsylvania
Philippine Islands
2,217
3
183
1,282
24
66
45
1,033
301
68
188
349
Rhode Island . . ..
442
14
South Dakota . .
39
Tennessee - .
34
Texas .
131
Utah . ....
142
20
70
5
1,526
712
610
120
1,274
West Virginia . . -
225
Wisconsin . .
197
Wyoming .
74
105,779
Total.-
706, 896
172,406
76,789
139, 956
1 For permanent residences of aliens admitted to and departing from the Philippine Islands, see Tables
IX and IX-A.
40 KEPORT or TUE COMMISSIONER GENEKAT, OF IMMIGRATION
T^BLE VI. — Occupations of aliens admitted and departed, fiscal year ended June
30, 192 A ^
Occupation
PROFESSIONAL
Actors.- -■
Architects
Clergy.
Editors..
Electricians..
Engineers (professional)
Lawyers
Literary and scientific persons.
Musicians..
Officials (Government)
Physicians
Sculptors and artists
Teachers -
Other professional
Total.
SKILLED
Bakers -
Barbers and hairdressers
Blacksmiths.
Bookbinders
Brewers
Butchers
Cabinetmakers
Carpenters and joiners
Cigarette makers ---
Cigar makers.
Cigar packers
Clerks and accountants
Dressmakers -■
Engineers (locomotive, marine, and stationary) .
Furriers and fur workers
Gardeners
Hat and cap makers
Iron and steel workers
Jewelers -
Locksmiths.
Machinists
Mariners
Masons
Mechanics (not specified). ....
Metal workers (other than iron, steel, and tin) .
Millers
Milliners. - -
Miners
Painters and glaziers
Pattern makers
Photographers
Plasterers ---
Plumbers
Printers
Saddlers and harness makers
Seamstresses
Shoemakers
Stokers
Stonecutters ---
Tailors
Tanners and curriers --
Textile workers (not specified) - .
Tinners -
Tobacco workers
Upholsterers
Watch and clock makers
Weavers and spinners
Wheelwrights
Woodworkers (not specified)
Other skilled
Admitted
Departed
Immigrant Nonimrai- Emigrant
aliens grant aliens I aliens
012
447
093
56
777
870
233
12
4';
553
391
4G0
266
1,479
24, 778
Total.
3, 521
2,621
3,233
275
34
2,795
487
16, 420
48
267
20
25, 194
3,904
3,421
320
1,230
303
7,308
482
3,701
6,616
8,571
5, 452
8,388
1,123
525
662
7,001
3,937
339
478
769
2,080
1,740
322
2,579
4,694
968
560
6,754
182
482
739
30
374
528
2,713
130
498
5,876
150,694
1,720
247
1,384
100
317
2,889
620
1,019
678
1,639
1,099
275
1,823
2,214
16, 024
601
531
252
26
13
239
66
1,831
11
684
16
6,037
843
718
82
472
25
320
166
46
630
3,855
948
1,215
55
60
116
996
502
23
124
59
138
207
26
282
741
316
65
727
33
85
35
37
35
65
267
7
19
918
25,565
89
18
342
9
64
295
43
86
95
156
87
59
252
411
Nonemi-
grant aliens
2,006
202
221
79
2
1
106
46
592
2
332
1
985
156
96
17
4
126
31
3
271
323
163
265
25
77
9
954
132
5
15
27
58
58
1
61
328
26
19
362
5 I
133 I
8 I
1
12
12
424
1
5
198
7,078
865
145
1,202
46
202
1,768
441
508
422
1,013
908
347
1,094
1,411
10, 372
255
182
122
7
5
177
92
1,201
9
649
3
3,889
293
386
49
181
7
385
64
6
650
1,174
300
564
77
48
38
1,082
267
23
48
45
162
118
8
78
215
64
26
327
22
103
25
2
24
29
390
3
10
493
14, 377
For occupations of aliens admitted to and departed from the Philippine Islands, see Tables X and X-A.
EEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 41
Table VI. — OccupafioJis of aliens admitted and departed, fiscal year ended June
SO, ^554— Continued
I
Admitted
Departed
Occupation
Immigrant
aliens
Nonimmi-
grant aliens
Emigrant
aliens
Nonemi-
grant aliens
MISCELLANEOUS
Agents -.
2,179
180
1,770
27, 492
20, 320
3,113
225
108, 001
525
11, 390
51, 680
26, 640
1,686
973
282
5,584
6,187
521
316
20, 243
1,180
20, 755
9,472
12, 112
170
88
57
259
1,575
82
39
37, 259
84
2,567
2, 659
3,638
1,314
843
Draymen, hackmen, and teamsters .. . .
100
2,209
Farmers
4,506
384
F ishermen
Hotel keepers. _
120
Laborers ...- . -..-. ..
18, 883
878
Merchants and dealers
19, 597
Servants
5. 588
Other miscellaneous .-
11,599
Total
253, 515
79, 311
48,477
66, 021
No occupation (including women and children)
277, 909
51,506
19, 228
49, 186
Grand total
706, 896
172, 406 76. 789
139, 956
42 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL, OF IMMIGRATION
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44 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMlGRATliiX
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EEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENEBAL OF IMMIGRATION 45
Table VII-a. — Sex, age, and length of residence in the United States of emigrani
aliens departed, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, by races or peoples
Race or people
} Sex
Num-
ber :
de- !
parted aj , Fe-
' ^^^ male
African (black) 1,
Armenian
Bohemian and Mora-
vian (Czech) I 1,
Bulgarian, Serbian,
and Montenegrin 1,
Chinese 3,
Croatian and Slovenian
Cuban
Dalmatian, Bosnian,
and Herzegovinian--
Dutch and Flemish —
East Indian.
English
Finnish
French
German
Greek -.
Hebrew
Irish
Italian (north)..
Italian (south)
Japanese
Korean
Lithuanian
Magyar
Mexican..
Paci flc Islander.
Polish
Portuguese
Rumanian
Russian
Ruthenian (Russniak).
Scandinavian (Norwe-
gians, Danes, and
Swedes)
Scotch
Slovak
Spanish
Spanish American
Syrian
Turkish..
Welsh
West Indian (except
Cuban)
Other peoples
449
60
287 I 841
731
54
Total
Departed from Philip-
pine Islands
544
736
381
961
183
990
149
505
411
305
832
335
260
581
704
363
120
27
381
587
1,878
1
2,590
3,465
1,085
734
52
1,266
3,553
302
616
108
560
138
3,124
231
670
993
6,864
175
700
2,168
17, 468
1,537
20
266
360
1,261
'i,'857"
2,690
777
557
39
1,426
649
362
3,071
597
334
276
47
274
351
76, 789
938
57, 313
707
718
6
446
278
183
79
345
75
430
11
3,381
180
635
839
471
85
881
536
2,895
583
7
115
227
617
1
733
775
308
177
13
1,236
632
113
603
309
105
21
30
326
71
19, 476
231
Age
Continuous residence in the Unite
States
Underi 16 to
16 1 44
years years
162
1,106
51
49
66 I 974
39 I 1,686
14 ; 241
180 I 649
91
2
640
13
89
95
97
7
94
92
570
48
12
22
270
91
185
70
33
6
111
108
22
205
95
16
3
3,717
138
120
658
93
4,228
308
796
1,196
5,375
167
1,074
2,068
15, 402
1,605
23
249
347
1,406
1
1,639
2,740
649
541
27
1,997
844
314
2,991
717
320
249
53
461
319
45
years
and
over
181
378
Not
over 5
years
1,058
25
572
504 522
2,011 I 1,182
126 i 110
132 j 773
55
241
54
1,637
90
420
541
1,863
86
413
544
4,391
467
4
120
218
202
""860'
540
366
160
19
554
329
139
478
94
103
45
16
77
61
54,544 118,528
628 ; 172
85
670
46
4,889
145
851
1,041
3,641
147
744
1,458
13, 384
962
10
33
170
1,211
1
579
2,191
356
176
15
1,548
1,050
195
3,218
758
144
128
62
423
210
5 to I 10 to
10 ' 15
years I years
15 to
20
years
243
11
248
332
704
44
105
39
156
36
753
126
159
241
2,028
37
259
381
2,955
593
6
104
137
467
90
19
284
473
420
111
46
38 !
95 !
60 I
437
81
149
256
1,075
50
280
462
2,415
250
2
148
149
147
680 I
832 1
299
211 1
7 i
481
91
79
263
97
100
101
6
110
108
13,629
840
297
300
259
18
290
79
109
120
26
120
56
5
42
59
147
513
79-
18
14
29
4
142
29
65
102
413
14
111
219
10, 157
277
65
85
59
10
139
15
56
38
11
45
10
1
11
15
Over
20
years
31
2
85
70
917
37
19
40
3
284
30
81
192
178
12
187
184
721
112
1
50
60
22
214
80
45
29
2
204
46
36
36
14
30
2
3
14
30
4,111 4,109
46 ItEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL. OF IMMIGRATION
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Turkey in Asia
Other Asia—
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West Indies
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64 i;eport of the commissioner general of immigration
Table VIII-c. — Native-born citizens permanently departed, fiscal year ended June
30, 1924, by countries of intended future permanent residence and races or
peoples
Country of intended future permanent residence
African
(black)
Cauca-
sian
Chinese
Japanese
Total
Albania
3
26
76
21
407
48
39
586
170
646
126
60
7
404
3
Austria...
26
Belgium _ _.
76
Bulgaria.
21
Czechoslovakia
407
Denmark.. . .. .
48
Finland
39
586
Germany
170
Great Britain, Ireland:
England
r>46
Ireland .
126
Scotland... . .
60
Wales
Greece .
404
Hungary
98
2,839
3
46
61
87
679
119
179
175
153
45
64
7
249
11
98
2,839
Latvia.. _.
3
Lithuania
46
Netherlands. . .
61
Norway
87
Poland ...
679
Portugal, including Azores and Cape Verde Islands
119
Rumania
179
Russia... .
175
153
Sweden .... . .
45
Switzerland
64
Turkey in Europe.
Yugoslavia (Serb, Croat, and Slovene Kingdom)
249
11
Other Europe
Total Europe
7,434
7,434
China .
1,078
359
228
110
49
138
567
1,645
894
228
110
49
138
Japan .
535
India
....
Turkey in Asia^. . . ..... "..
Other Asia
Total Asia
1,962
567
535 3,064
Africa
145
44
13
145
44
Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand ...
Pacific Islands (not specified)
13
Canada and Newfoundland . .
35
1
4
1
43
9,336
946
561
407
1,631
3
9,371
Central America _
947
Mexico
7
572
South America
408
West Indies
1
1,675
Other countries..
3
Grand total ...
84 22.482
568
542
23,676
'
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIOISTER GENERAL OP IMMIGRATIOISr 65
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Shoemakers
Stonecutters
Tanners and curriers...
Upholsterers...
Watch and clock makers
Other skilled..
■3
MISCELLANEOUS
Agents _
Bankers
Draymen, hackmen, and teamsters..
Farmers ...ll
Hotelkeepers
Laborers
Manufacturers ^
Servants ^]
"a
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90 EEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONEE GENERAL OP IMMIGRATION
Table X-c. — Native-born citizens permanently departed, fiscal year ended June
30, 1924, by occupations and races or peoples
Occupation
African
(black)
Cauca-
sian
Chinese
Japanese
Total
PROFESSIONAL
Actors
Architects
Clergy
Editors
Electricians
Engineers (professional)
Lawyers
Literary and scientific persons
Musicians.
Officials (government)
Physicians
Sculptors and artists
Teachers
Other professional
Total.
SKILLED
Bakers
Barbers and hairdressers
Blacksmiths..
Bookbinders
Butchers
Cabinetmakers
Carpenters and joiners
Cigar makers.
Clerks and accountants
Dressmakers
Engineers (locomotive, marine, and stationary).
Furriers and fur workers
Gardeners.
Iron and steel workers
Jewelers
Locksmiths
Machinists
Mariners
Masons
Mechanics (not specified) „
Metal workers (other than iron, steel, and tin).
Millers
Milliners
Miners
Painters and glaziers
Pattern makers
Photographers
Plasterers.
Plumbers.
Printers
Saddlers and harnessmakers
Seamstresses
Shoemakers
Stokers.
Stonecutters
Tailors
Textile workers (not specified)
Tinners
Tobacco workers...
Upholsterers
Watch and clock makers...
Weavers and spinners
Woodworkers (not specified)
Other skilled
25
5
621
5
46
180
26
34
60
55
82
13
310
177
1,639
Total.
11
25
11
2
11
4
72
7
549
9
103
5
5
76
10
1
93
36
12
113
10
2
7
74
33
1
3
4
22
20
1
5
15
10
7
4
6
5
2
3
1
14
6
157
1,567
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL. OF IMMIGRATION 91
Table X-c. — Native-born citizens permanently departed, fiscal year ended June
30, 1924, by occupations and races or peoples — Continued
Occupation
African
(black)
Cauca-
sian
Chinese
Japanese
Total
MISCELLANEOUS
Agents..
1
174
68
9
635
2,081
5
10
59ti
48
397
399
1,181
175
Bankers . .
68
Draymen, hackmen, and teamsters
9
Farm laborers
635
Farmers
1
5
2
2,089
5
Fishermen
Hotelkeepers
10
Laborers
11
373
1
49
1
981
Manufacturers
49
Merchants and dealers ..
446
Servants
6
7
405
Other miscellaneous
48
2
1,238
Total
26
5,603
476
5
6,110
No occupation (including women and children)
53
13, 673
86
536
14, 348
Grand total
84
22,482
568
542
23,676
14155— 24t-
92 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL. OF IMMIGRATION
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1,012
447
2,093
56
3,777
4,870
233
712
1,479
553
1,391
429
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118 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION
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120 KEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMEGRATION
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122 REPORT OF THE (X)MMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION
Table XV. — Total immigration, 1820 to 1924
Period
Year ended Sept. 30—
1820 ---
1821 - --
1822..
1823...
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829.
1830 .--
Total 10 years, 1821-1830.
1831
Oct. 1, 1831, to Dec. 31, 1832...
Year ended Dec. 31—
1833....
1834....
1835
1836.. .-
1837 ..-
1838
1839
1840
Total 10 years, 1831-1840.
1841
1842
Jan. 1 to Sept. 30, 1843
Year ended Sept. 30—
1844
1845..
1846
1847
1848..
1849....
1850
Total 10 years, 1841-1850.
Oct. 1 to Dec. 31, 1850
Year ended Dec. 31—
1851
1852..
1853...
1854
1855
1856
Jan. 1 to June 30, 1857.
Year ended June 30—
1858
1859
1860
Total 10 years, 1851-1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
Total 10 years, 1861-1870
Number
8,385
9,127
6,911
6,354
7,912
10, 199
10, 837
18, 875
27,382
22,520
23,322
143, 439
22, 633
60, 482
58, 640
65, 365
45, 374
76, 242
79, 340
38, 914
68, 069
84,066
599, 125
80,289
104, 565
52, 496
78, 615
114, 371
154,416
234. 968
226, 527
297, 024
310, 004
1, 653, 275
59, 976
379, 466
371, 603
368, 645
427, 833
200, 877
195, 857
112, 123
191,942
129, 571
133, 143
2, 571, 036
142, 877
72, 183
132, 925
191, 114
180, 339
332, 577
303, 104
282, 189
352, 768
387, 203
2, 377, 279
Year ended June 30 —
1871
1872 _
1873
1874
1875
1876....
1877
1878
1879
1880....
Total 10 years, 1871-1880.
1881.
1882.
1883.
1884.
1885.
1886.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
Total 10 years, 1881-1890.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896-
1897.
1898-
1899.
1900-
Total 10 years, 1891-1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907-
1909.
1910.
Total 10 years, 1901-1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
1915.
1916.
1917.
1918.
1919.
1920.
Total 10 years, 1911-1920.
1921.
1922.
1923.
1924.
Total 4 years, 1921-1924.
Grand total
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL. OF IMMIGRATION 123
Table XV-a.
-Net increase of population by arrival and departure of aliens, fiscal
years ended June SO, 1908 to 1924
.Admitted
Departed
Period
Immigrant
Nonimmi-
grant
Total
Emigrant
Nonemi-
grant
Total
Increase
1908
782, 870
751, 786
1, 041, 570
878, 587
838, 172
1, 197, 892
1, 218, 480
326, 700
298, 826
295,403
110, 618
141, 132
430,001
141, 825
192, 449
156, 467
151, 713
178, 983
229, 335
184, 601
107, 544
67, 922
67, 474
101, 235
95, 889
191, 575
924, 695
944, 235
1, 198, 037
1, 030, 300
1, 017, 155
1, 427, 227
1, 403, 081
434, 244
366, 748
362, 877
211, 853
237, 021
621, 576
395, 073
225, 802
202, 436
295, 666
333, 262
308, 190
303, 338
204, 074
129, 765
66, 277
94, 585
123, 522
288,315
319,755 j 714,828
174, 590 1 400, 392
177,982 380,418
222, 549 518. 215
282, 030 615, 292
303, 734 611, 924
330,467 i fi33. sail
209,867
543, 843
817, 619
1909..
1910-
1911
512, 085
1912. . .
401, 863
815, 303
1913
1914..
769, 276
50,070
1915
180, 100
111,042
80, 102
98, 683
92,709
139, 747
384,174
240,807
146, 379
193, 268
216, 231
428,062
1916.-
125, 941
216, 498
1917
1918
18, 585
1919 ..
20, 790
1920-
193, 514
Total 10 years,
1911-1920
5, 735, 811
1, 376, 271
7, 112, 082
2, 146, 994
1, 841, 163
3, 988, 157
3, 123, 925
1921-
805, 228
309, 556
522, 919
706, 896
172, 935
122, 949
150, 487
172, 406
978, 163
432, 505
673, 406
879, 302
247, 718
198, 712
81, 450
76, 789
178, 313
146, 672
119, 136
139, 956
426, 031
345, 384
200,586
216, 745
552, 132
1922
87, 121
472,820
662, 557
1924-
Total 4 years,
1921-1924-
2,344,599
618, 777
2, 963, 376
604,669
584,077
1, 188, 746
1,774,630
Grand total
10,656,636
2,485,789
13, 142, 425
3,574,974
3, 097, 567
6,672,541
6, 469, 884
14155— 24t-
124 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION
As-
sisted
aliens
riN -IT m iM 1 it-f-irt-* rt ooso — r-'^eo i i^
1 1 1 CO ^ »0 CO CO i 1
Con-
tract
labor-
ers
eo i CO j p- jM Ig^gawg-gcoo- ;co
i-S 1
>l 1
II ! ! i ! i i i ! i i^ i i i i ! i ! ! ;
Pro-
fes-
sional
beg-
gars
11 ! I 1 1 I 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 ! 1 ! 1 ! 1 !-^
II
[ [ 1 1111 1 1 ICO I I I • '■ i i I I ! i
Likely
to be-
come a
public
charge
co<M N -^t-eo^ Sh icoScSo-^ocot-Seo i<a
,1 1-1 i,-l 00 -V coo W I
Chron-
ic
alco-
hol-
ism
11 1 ! 1 ; i I ! I'^ 1" ! ! "^
Surgeon's
certificate
of pliysical
defect
which may
affect
alien's
ability
to earn a
living,
other than
loath-
some or
dangerous
contagious
diseases
or non-
contagious
tuber-
culosis
0« CO eOCOt-N llO loco— lOCOOOM --co IrH
lO 1 l«0 00 »0 iOCO,HS 1
3 ■
11
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1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 ! 1 1 ! l'^ 1 !
as
i-(C» eo eoji^eo • iii [co— ittooocooiooi 1 •■*
Tuber-
culosis
(conta-
gious)
CO-* 1 cocoi-1 1 li-i la>Mt^ooc^c^-9<co— ICO '• '•
Tuber-
cu-
losis
(non-
conta-
gious)
1 1 1 j-^ ; ; 1 1 1" I 1 I '" I 1 ' ' ' '
Surgeon's
certificate of
mental de-
fect which
may affect
alien's
ability to
earn a liv-
ing, other
than idiots,
imbeciles,
feeble-
minded,
epileptics,
insanity,
or consti-
tutional
psycho-
pathic
inferiority
—11 1 111! l-H lo 1 N us 1-1 t>. -"l" ICO 1 1 1
Con-
stitu-
tional
psy-
cho-
pathic
infe-
rior-
ity
11 1 1 1 1 1 11 Ig"^-^ 1^=3 1 1 1 1 1
-HI 1 1 I<0 l-IPl 1 1 1 I(M 1 1 1
In-
sane,
or
have
been
in-
sane
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Fee-
ble-
mind-
ed
CO— 1 1 1 i-H 1 1 1 ito ICOIO iC^O ICO 1 1— 1
1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lc« iN» liji 1 1 1 1 1— 1
Idiots
1 1 1 111! ! 1 1—1 ic4 • 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 •
§
Pi
African (black)
Armenian
Bohemian and Moravian
(Czech)
Montenegrin
Chinese
Croatian and Slovenian-
Dalmatian, Bosnian, and
Herzegovinian
Dutch and Flemish
East Indian
English
Finnish
French
German
Greek
Hebrew
Irish
Italian (north)
Italian (south)
Japanese
Korean
Lithuanian
EEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENEEAL OP IMMIGRATION 125
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Mexican
Polish
Portuguese
Rumanian
Russian
Ruthenian (Russniak)...
Scandinavian (Norwe-
gians, Danes, and
Swedes)
Scotch
Slovak...
1 a ,
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West Indian (except
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126 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIOXER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION
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KEPQET OF THE COMMISSIONER GEXEK.A.L OF IMMIGRATION 127
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291
123
417
293
1,217
2,983
220
716
154
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Ruthenian (Russniak)
Scandinavian (Norwe-
gians, Danes, and
Swedes)
Scotch
Slovak
Spanish
Spanish American
Syrian
Turkish
Welsh
West Indian (except
Cuban)
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128 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIOXER GEXER.^L OF IMMIGRATION
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gration
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GEHrER.A.L OP IMMIGRATION 129
>*
s
1
1
§•
0
11
5i
By
United
States
mar-
shals
i i ;-sgi2ilslsiei^iiill3Ss--"--«°-
By
immi-
gration
officers
i M-i 1 i i i i i i i i i : i i i i ; i i i§2«2-""3SS
Under
immi-
gration
law
sS5S§i§iSilSgliliSil|s2air,§giosg|g
c^"M-of(^f(^^^-OTfoi■of--^--^M'^f-J.••-J.■•«=o'
arred from entering— Continued
1
Total
de-
barred
§ii5igii|sg||||ll^llllg^llllggg2s
c. ^ -H « c ^ " " * " ^"^ ^-S 2f 2 2 2 ^"gf 2 2 ?r?5 2 2 ^"« -'2 23 § g
Alien
ene-
mies
i : ; : i ; ; 1 ; : : ; ; i i i I ; ; ; ; 1 i i i'°*S"'° j \ \
With-
out
proper
pass-
port
under
State
Depart-
ment
regula-
tions
254
292
462
1, 554
Ex-
ceeded
quota,
act of
May 10,
1921
1
1,662
2,680
10, 114
Under
last
proviso
section
23
i i i i i i i ; i i ; i i i i i i ; i i i i i ; i i i^^SS^g
Under
provi-
sions
Chinese
exclu-
sion
law
Under
pass-
port
provi-
sion,
section
3
; : I : ; : ; ; ; I : j 1 : |SSsss5S5§g8SSS§g38^2°°
Unable
to read
(over
16 years
of age)
391
1,598
1,455
1,639
1, 450
1,249
2,095
1,708
Aliens
who
procure or
attempt to
bring in
prostitutes
and
females for
any
immoral
purpose
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Sup-
porte d
by pro-
ceeds
of
prosti-
tution
i . ■ 1 > - r I 1 , . . , , , ! ; l^icr^'-iot-oo'© -rcoccc '^
Prosti-
tutes
and
aliens
coming
for any
im-
moral
pur-
pose
o 'CS 1 . 1 t 1 t--ec ccccos -^t* o 00 -^ cooiro M b- o— < OS o^ CO ^ ^ CO o CO
00 1 ' 1 1 t 1 ^ CSCC'HCSCS^OcO'-OOOCSrO— iCOOO'-'OO— <ooco
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1 I 1 < -H iCCiCO';0'<*<Tt*t^00O^00CSCS-^CS^':DCS--HC^l
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Under
16 years
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unac-
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by
parent
< 1 1 1 • 1 1 • t ) ) 1 t 1 . loo 00 <oc5 lO CS 00 OS cc ^ lo r^ ^ o cocMi^
; ; I : 1 i : I 1 1 ; : : : ; :*2§sgSt-tssiS8g§2SS
Accom-
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aliens
(under
sec. 18)
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aways
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161
464
1,241
2,291
1,483
1,929
2,436
II"
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130 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION
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contagious
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sjaq^o
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Cuban
Dalmatian, Bosnian, and
Herzegovinian
Dutch and Flemish
East Indian
English
Finnish
French
Greek
Hebrew.
Irish
14155— 24t-
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132 REPOET OF THE COMMISSIOXEE GENEEAL OF IMMIGEATION
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136 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIOXER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 137
Port or district
"3
O
15,070
4,211
617
188
1,025
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8,150
28
16
go
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land
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2,690
550
36
870
851
3,368
24
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a
a
a
a
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Appeals from excluding decisions
Disposition on appeal:
Admitted without bond
Admitted on public-charge bond.
Admitted temporarily without bond
Admitted temporarily on public-charge
and departure bond
Admitted on school bond
Debarred
Appeals from admitting decisions:
Disposition on appeal-
Admitted without bond
Admitted on bond
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138 EEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL, OF IMMIGRATION
Table XIX. — Deserting alien seamen, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, by ports
New York, N. Y 22, 252
Boston, Mass 1, 143
Philadelphia, Pa 3,041
Baltimore, Md 1,314
Portland, Me 378
Providence, R. I 318
Norfolk, Va 1, 101
Savannah, Ga.
Miami, Fla
Key West, Fla__.
Gloucester, Mass.
Charleston, S. C..
Jacksonville, Fla_
Tampa, Fla
Pensacola, Fla
237
6
21
16
160
129
80
206
Mobile, Ala 142
New Orleans, La 1,020
Galveston, Tex.
Port Arthur, Tex...
Gulf port. Miss
Pascagoula, Miss
San Francisco, Calif.
Portland, Oreg
Seattle, Wash
Los Angeles, Calif. _
Honolulu, Hawaii
Porto Rico
788
405
51
1
438
358
510
734
52
112
Total 35,013
Table XX. — Alien stowaways found on board vessels arriving at ports of the
United States, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, by ports
NewYork, N. Y 1,993
Boston, Mass 121
Philadelphia, Pa 239
Baltimore, Md.
Portland, Me...
Providence, R. I_
Norfolk, Va
Savannah, Ga
Miami, Fla
Key West, Fla..
Charleston, S. C.
Jacksonville, Fla.
Tampa, Fla
Pensacola, Fla...
121
11
5
90
18
1
16
19
9
19
Mobile, Ala 50
New Orleans, La 218
Galveston, Tex.
Port Arthur, Tex...
Gulfport, Miss
St. Andrews, Fla
San Francisco, Calif.
Portland, Oreg
Seattle, Wash
Alaska
Los Angeles, Calif. _
Porto Rico
56
39
5
5
40
14
31
2
77
21
Total 3,228
Table XXI. — Comparison between alien arrivals and head-tax settlements, fiscal
year ended June 30, 1924
Immigrant aliens admitted 706, 896
Nonimmigrant aliens admitted 172, 406
Aliens debarred ._ 30,284
Aliens from Porto Rico, Hawaii, Virgin Islands, Philippine Islands, and mainland... 4, 838
Died 93
Erroneous head-tax settlements 2,952
Head-tax pending from last year.. 102,808
Exempt from head-tax payments, as follows:
In transit (groups) - 1,406
Other transits (includes 8,573 Chinese in transit under bond across land territory
of the United States) 36,697
One-year residents of British North America, Mexico, and Cuba, coming for tem-
porary stay. 7,455
Domiciled aliens returning (rule 1, subd. 3 (d), (e), and (h) ) 12,352
Government officials... 4,419
Alien residents of the Philippine or Virgin Islands... 408
Aliens from Porto Rico and Hawaii who reached said islands prior to July 1, 1907,
or subsequent to May 1, 1917 1,702
Aliens from the mainland 1,645
Under 16 years of age, accompanied by parents 138, 319
Exemptions on account of aliens debarred 27, 270
Citizens erroneously manifested 1,364
Deserting alien seamen (not apprehended at end of 60 days, put in statistics) 1, 499
Total 234,596
Head-tax payments pending at close of year 98,878
1,020,277
333, 474
686, 803
Aliens on whom head-tax was paid
Amount of head-tax collected during year.. $5,493,552
1 218 aliens were taxed $4 each and 686,686 at $8 each.
REPORT OP THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL. OF IMMIGRATION 139
Table XXII. — Aliens admitted to continental United States from insular United
States, during the fiscal years ended June SO, 1908 to 1924, as specified
Number admitted during—
Total number admitted
from—
Port
Three
years,
1908-
1910
Ten
years,
1911-
1920
Fiscal
year—
Ha-
waii
Porto
Eico
Philip-
pine
Is-
lands
Vir-
gin
Is-
lands
Grand
total
1921
1922
1923
1924
New York, N.Y
Philadelphia. Pa
1, 442
8,340
1
1,094
--
947
1
1,112
1,054
12
2
12, 601
t
1,376
13, 989
2
Baltimore, Md
4
1
5
- -
2
1
7
Newport News, Va
1
4
15
2
56
7
16, 023
6
708
1,282
10
1
Norfolk, Va
2
15
2
69
9
2
4
Charleston, S. C
15
Jacksonville, Fla
2
New Orleans, La
4
1
1
1,384
"""906"
6
1
966
3
22
48
152
2
69
Galveston, Tex
9
San Francisco, Calif..
Portland, Oreg.
3,399
1,574
2
36
51
258
23, 040
6
130
1,426
419
1,212
4
706
167
2
..
24, 252
U
Seattle, Wash
Canadian border
30
9
14
126
1
26
77
836
1,593
Mexican border ports.
421
Total
4,884
26,455
2,623
1,957
2,314
2,978
25, 035
12, 703
2,093
1,380
41,211
Table XXII-a. — Immigrant aliens admitted to continental United States from
insular United States and to insular United States from other insulars and from
mainland {continental United States), hy ports, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924
Admitted from—
Port
Hawaii
Philip-
pine
Islands
Porto
Rico
Virgin
Islands
Mainland
Total
New York, N. Y.. ,
41
1
1
120
161
Baltimore, Md
1
New Orleans, La
1
San Francisco, Calif
49
529
2
578
Portland, Oreg
2
Mexican border ports j 72
72
Honolulu !
73
73
Porto Rico
14
14
Total
121
531
43
134
73
902
Table XXII-b. — Nonimmigrant aliens admitted to continental United States
from insular United States and to insular United States from other insulars and
from mainland {continental United States), by ports, fiscal year ended June
30, 1924
Admitted from —
Port
Hawaii
Philip-
pine
Islands
Porto
Rico
Virgin
Islands
Mainland
Total
New York, N. Y
8
662
1
223
893
New Orleans, La
1
San Francisco, Calif...
920
76
36
11
996
Seattle, Wash...
36
Canadian border ports
40
186
51
Mexican border ports
186
Honolulu
6
802
770
808
Porto Rico
195
965
Total
1,154
129
663
418
1,572
3,936
140 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENEiL^i. OF IMMIGRATION 141
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142 KEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENEEAL OF IMMIGRATIOlsr
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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIOISrER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 143
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REPORT OP THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL. OF IMMIGRATION 145
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146 BEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION
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KEPOKT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL. OF IMMIGRATION 147
a
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still
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Boston, Mass--
San Francisco, Calif
Seattle, Wash
Honolulu, Hawaii
"3
o
148 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL. OP IMMIGRATION
Table A. — Japanese aliens applied for admission, admitted, debarred, deported,
and departed, fiscal years ended June 30, 1923 and 1924
Applications for admission
Admitted
Debarred from entry..
Deported after entry
Departures
4,185
4,172
13
1
2,495
103 Koreans were admitted in Hawaii, 1 was debarred, and 46 departed therefrom.
69 Koreans were admitted in continental United States, 1 was debarred, and 46 departed therefrom.
Table B. — Increase or decrease of Japanese population by alien admissions and
departures, fiscal years ended June 30, 1923 and 1924, by months
Month
Continental United States
Admitted
1922-23
July-.
August.
September...
October
November
December
January
February..
March
April ,
May
June
Total.
1923-24
July
August
September
October
November
December
January.
February
March
April
May
June
Total
618
510
624
535
778
530
431
716
758
888
1,161
506
8,055
658
337
678
316
486
739
431
668
779
1,081
1,364
3,989
11, 526
Departed
677
599
603
730
1,397
969
687
479
506
801
469
476
8,393
500
505
445
814
1,227
1,425
530
672
901
572
1,300
357
9,248
Increase
(-I-) or de-
crease (— )
-59
-89
+21
-195
-619
-439
-256
+237
+252
+87
+692
+30
Hawaii
Admitted
272
196
424
219
438
358
319
259
186
322
249
274
Departed
224
265
384
213
438
129
112
78
135
96
467
238
-338
+158
-168
+233
-498
-741
-686
-99
-4
-122
+509
+64
+3, 632
+2, 278
3,516
4,172
Increase
(+) or de-
crease (— )
+48
2,779
342 i
69
374 i
335
272
14
1,391
425
+40
+6
+229
+207
+ 181
+51
+226
-218
+36
+737
290 i
234
+56
265 i
228
+37
172 !
282
-110
150 !
268
-118
298 1
352
-54
341
164
+177
277 1
124
+153
(')
+273
+39
+258
+966
+ 1,677
' Figures for these included with later months.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 149
Table C. — Occupations of Japanese aliens admitted and departed, fiscal year
ended June SO, 1924
Continental
United
States
Hawaii
Continental
United
States
Hawaii
Occupation
■a
1
a
P
■a
1
<
1
a
P
1
-d
<
1
p
1
■ <
•0
03
a
©
P
PROFESSIONAL
12
10
40
19
6
142
10
37
6
411
115
11
163
77
6
12
34
26
1
77
10
19
294
102
7
91
119
18
7
SKILLED — con.
Millers
Milliners
1
Architects
1
Clergy
16
5
2
19
4
2
Miners
Painters and glaziers
Pattern makers
11
1
4
1
Editors
7
1
5
1
2
3
2
Electricians..
Engineers (professional)
Photographers
19
5
7
Lawyers
Plasterers
Literary and scientific
6
6
......
2
1
10
Plumbers .
3
persons
Printers
11
11
3
6
2
Musicians
Shoemakers
Stokers ....
OflBcials (Government) .
1
4
14
1
2
22
1
Physicians
Sculptors and artists
Tailors
Watch and clock makers
Weavers and spinners..
25
1
1
154
15
"'72'
8
Teachers ..
8
17
17
21
Other professional
^
1,059
805
89
85
Total
MISCELLANEOUS
Agents..-
Bankers
Draymen, hackmen,
and teamsters
Farm laborers
698
366
228
132
SKILLED
Baliers
3
36
3
1
3
3
13
5
10
1
7
12
4
6
1
19
61
10
1,180
870
108
149
549
11
1,240
80
980
40
62
126
1,062
61
69
2,787
4
966
49
643
■ 1
2
18
911
205
29
6
64
Barbers and hairdressers
Blacksmiths . . ._ ..
1
Brewers
Butchers..
1
1
10
18
■Cabinetmakers
Carpenters and joiners . .
Cigarette makers
70
1
29
13
8
25
57
4
Farmers
Fishermen
Hotel keepers
5
18
Clerks and accountants .
121
113
1
30
1
47
2
Dressmakers...
1,151
Engineers (locomotive,
34
4
marine, and station-
ary) _
Merchants and dealers..
152
74
82
93
10
Furriers and fur workers
Other miscellaneous
Total
No occupation (includ-
ing women and chil-
dren)
44
2
.
Iron and steel workers
5,257
5,876
1,544
1,343
1
Machinists
5
76
2
24
4
24
3
9
4,512
2,201
2,311
Mariners .
2
3
13
2
3
Masons..
935
Mechanics (not speci-
fied)
Grand total
11, 526
9,248
4,172
2,495
T.\BLE D. — Statistics of immigration and emigration of Japanese, collected by the
United States Government, compared with those reported by the Japanese Govern-
ment, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924
From Japan
Reported
by
Japan >
Reported
by
United
States
To Japan
Reported
Japan •
Reported
United
States
To Hawaii 4, 158
4,740
9,810
From H awaii
3,739
10, 060
2,477
To continental United States . . i 10, 357
From continental United
States...
8,661
Total
Total.
2 14, 515
2 14, 550
3 13, 799
2 11, 138
1 The records for August were reported destroyed in the earthquake: hence, the figures for that month
were estimated as about the average for other months of the year.
' Embarked within the year.
3 Debarked within the year.
150 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION
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11
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5,438
3,867
177
125
1,286
1,079
15
543
1,704
1,986
3,028
563
2
OS
oo"
Key West, Fla
New Orleans, La
San Francisco, Calif
Portland, Oreg...
Seattle, Wash
Canadian border stations _
Mexican border stations
Honolulu, Hawaii-
Number of Chinese granted or denied the
privilege of transit in bond across land
territory of the United States, by ports:
Mow V/^rlr M V
5
'i
J a
New Orleans, La..
San Francisco, Calif.
Seattle, Wash.... _
Canadian border stations
Mexican border stations
1
s
0
14155— 24t 11
156 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIOXER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION"
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a:
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c
z
a ' ;
1 : ;
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_C
nited States c
'^ives of Unite
eturning labo
eturning mer
ther merchan
[embers of m
udents
revelers
paphers .
fficials
liscellaneous.
ranted or de
transit in bo
tory of the U
Total...
1 S
^
3:
X
'iajr'r-
O^.C
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIOXER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATIOX 157
Table 3. — Chinese claiming American citizenship by birth, or to be the wives or
children of American citizens, admitted, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, by
ports
Port
New York, N. Y
Boston, Mass
San Francisco, Calif
Seattle, Wash
Canadian border stations,
Mexican border stations-
Foreign- Foreign-
born born
wives of I children
natives of natives
10
235
84
Total continental I'nited States
Honolulu, Hawaii
Grand total.
BY WHOM ADMITTED
Inspection officers-
Department
Courts
331
65
396
389
7
114
214
.397
317
41
s!
Native born
Record of departure
(known as "return-
ing natives")
No record
of de-
parture
(known as
"raw
natives")
2,091
45
1,994
137
Status as
native born |
determined j
by U. S. j Status not
Government| previously
previous to i deter-
present
application
for
admission
mined
16
60
969 I
494
77
31
1.647
265
89
387
1,912
1,907
457
19
Total
132
286
2,670
922
119
40
4,169
762
476 I 4,931
4,755
171
Table 4. — Appeals to department from excluding decisions under Chinese-exclusion
laws, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924, by ports
Action taken
New
York,
N. Y.
Boston,
Mass.
San
Fran-
cisco,
CaUf.
1
Seattle,! Cana-
Mexi- Hono-
can lulu,
border Hawaii
Total
Number of appeals...
38
21
17
60
390
236 26
171 26
65 1
1 54
1 14
i 40
805
Disposition:
Sustained (admitted)
33 ; 159
27 231
425
Dismissed (rpjpctpri)
380
1
Table 5.— -Disposition of cases of resident Chinese applying for return certificates,
fiscal year ended June 30, 1924
Class
Cases
pending
July 1,
1923
Appli-
cations
sub-
mitted
Primary dis- i Disposition on
position 1 appeal
Total cer-
tificates
granted
Total cer-
tificates
finally
refused
Cases
pending
G-t-^Denied .^u^
Dis-
missed
June 30,
1924
Native bom
121
72
29
2,819
1,252
1.049
2, 528 i 137 1 44
1, 140 i 73 19
1,003 28 4
55
14
13
2,572
1,159
1,007
93
54
24
275
Exempt classes
Laborers
111
47
Total
222 5. 120
4,671 238 : 67
i
82
4,738
171
433
158 EEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION
Table 6. — Miscellaneous Chinese transactions, fiscal year ended June 30, 1924,
by ports
Class
o
i
a
O
o
n
s
3
_n
"3
1
CM
■6
£
o
6
P5
C8
>
z
o
a
a;
z
>
o
1
o
I
g
a
a
a
OQ
O
B
I
C
"S
II
■-5
a:
m
1
3
§
3
£-1
United States citizens (Chinese) ad-
mitted --
137
207
47
1,079
276
91
58
2,438
2,455
299
1,658
1
881
296
477
17
7
33
4
1,133
...
1,030
2, 555
205
1,981
5
37
636
357
22
4
58
1
900
127
45
5
2,734
294
43
78
4
563
703
484
106
4,754
"h
"19
2
4
11
8
1
543
5,940
Alien Chinese debarred
751
Chinese granted the privilege of transit
in bond across land territory of the
United States -.
15
8,573
Chinese denied the privilege of transit
in bond across land territory of the
United States -
300
Chinese granted the privilege of transit
by water -
70
87
163
10
21
17
199
224
988
Chinese laborers with return certificates
departing
3
1
1
—
236
22
10
2
1
4
293
1,259
Chinese merchants with return certifi-
2
47
1
1,069
Chinese merchants' wives with return
60
Chinese merchants' minor children with
return certificates departing .
34
Chinese students with return certificates
departing ... . . ....
8
3
"""5
35
117
Chinese teachers with return certificates
216
Native-born Chinese with return certifi-
93
!
1
2,679
1
o
JAN 12 1925
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