Annual report of the Commissioner-General of Immigration

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
COMMISSIONER GENERAL
OF IMMIGRATION - - 1927

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

JAMES J. DAVIS. Secretary

BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

COMMISSIONER GENERAL
OF IMMIGRATION

TO THE SECRETARY OF LABOR

FISCAL YEAR
ENDED JUNE 30

1927

UNITED STATES

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON

1927

<A4oir

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CONTENTS

Fag*

Report of the Commissioner General of Immigration 1

Immigration 3

Volume — chief sources — Admissions — Rejections — Distribution 3

Mexican immigration 5

The quota law 7

National origin 8

Foreign service 9

Deportations (expulsions) 10

S ummary 11

Alien inmates of penal institutions, insane asylums, hospitals, and poor-
houses II

Reentry permits (including Chinese) 11

Visa petitions 12'

Immigrant students 13

Alien seamen 13

Bootlegging of aliens 15-

Border patrol 16

Honor roU 18

Activities of immigration border patrol during the fiscal year ended

June 30, 1927 19>

Administrative fines 20

Financial statement 20

Seasonal labor 20

Citizenship and the alien 21

Legislation recommended 22

Discussion of administrative problems 24

Field 24

Bureau 25

Conclusion 26

APPENDIX— STATISTICS OF IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION (TABLES

1 TO 104)

(AH tables cover the fiscal year ended June 30, 1927, unless otherwise indicated)

Table Page

1. Aliens admitted, departed, debarred, and deported, and United

States citizens arrived and departed, fiscal years ended June 30,

1926 and 1927, by ports 29

2. Net increase or decrease of population bv adnaission and departure

of aliens, fiscal years ended June 30, 1924, 1925, 1926j and 1927,

by semiannual periods and months 31

3. Net increase or decrease of population by admission and departure

of aliens, fiscal years ended June 30, 1926 and 1927, b}' countries. _ 33

4. Net increase or decrease of population by admission and departure

of aliens, by race or people, sex, and age periods 37

5. Intended future permanent residence of aliens admitted and last

permanent residence of aliens departed, by States and Territories. _ 38

6. Occupations of aliens admitted and departed, by classes 39

7. Immigrant aliens admitted, by race or people, age, conjugal condition,

money shown, who paid passage, and whom going to join 41

8. Immigrant aliens admitted, by race or people, sex, and age 43

9. Immigrant aliens admitted, by race or people, sex, and conjugal

condition 45

10. Nonimmigrant aliens admitted, by race or people, age, conjugal con-
dition, money shown, who paid passage, and whom going to join.. 46

m

IV CONTENTS

Table Pag^

11. Literacy condition of immigrant aliens admitted, by race or people,

and sex ' 50

12. Literacy condition of nonimmigrant aliens admitted, by race or

people, and sex 1 51

13. Emigrant aliens departed, by race or people, age, conjugal condition,

and length of residence in the United States 52

14. Emigrant aliens departed, by race or people, sex, and age 53

15. Emigrant aliens dej^arted, by race or people, sex, and conjugal con-

dition 54

16. Nonemigrant aliens departed, by race or people, age, conjugal con-

dition, and length of residence in the United States 55

17. Naturalized citizens permanently departed, by race or people, sex,

age, conjugal condition, and length of residence in the United
States 56

18. Native-born citizens permanently departed, by race or people, sex,

age, conjugal condition, and length of residence in the United
States 57

19. Aliens admitted and departed, and United States citizens perma-

nently departed, by classes, age, sex, and conjugal condition 58

20. Immigrant aliens admitted, by race or people, and countries of last

permanent residence 60

21. Emigrant aliens departed, by race or people, and countries of in-

tended future permanent residence 66

22. Naturalized citizens permanently departed, by race or people, and

countries of intended future permanent residence 72

23. Native-born citizens permanently departed, by countries of intended

future permanent residence, and race or people 75

24. Immigrant aliens admitted, by States of intended future permanent

residence and race or people 76

25. Emigrant aliens departed, bj' States of last permanent residence and

race or people __^ 80

26. Naturalized citizens permanently departed, by States of last per-

manent residence and race or people 83

27. Native-born citizens permanently departed, by States of last per-

manent residence and race or people 85

28. Immigrant aliens admitted, by States of intended future permanent

residence and ports of entry 86

29. Immigrant aliens admitted, by occupations and race or people 90

30. Emigrant aliens departed, by occupations and race or people 94

31. Naturalized citizens permanently departed, by occupations and race

or people 98

32. Native-born citizens permanently departed, by occupations and race

or people 100

33. Immigrant aliens admitted, by countries of last permanent residence

and occupations 101

34. Emigrant aliens departed, by countries of intended future permanent

residence and occupations 108

35. Immigrant aliens admitted, by States of intended future pernaanent

residence and occupations 114

36. Emigrant aliens departed, by States of last permanent residence and

occupations 120

37. Immigrant aliens admitted, by country of birth and race or people 126

38. Immigrant and nonimmigrant aliens admitted, and emigrant and

nonemigrant aliens departed, showing countries of last or intended
future permanent residence, by sex 132

39. Immigrant aliens admitted during specified periods, Januar}' 1, 1926,

to June 30, 1927, by race or people and sex 134

40. Nonimmigrant aliens admitted during specified periods, January 1,

1926, to June 30, 1927, by race or people and sex 135

r41. Emigrant aliens departed during specified periods, January 1, 1926,

to June 30, 1927, by race or people and sex 136

42. Nonemigrant aliens departed during specified periods, January 1,

1926, to June 30, 1927, by race or people and sex 137

43. Immigrant and nonimmigrant aliens admitted by classes under the

immigration act of 1924, with comparative per cents, as specified- _ 138

.CONTENTS • V

Table Page

44. Aliens admitted under the immigration act of 1924, bj' classes and

country or area of birth 139

45. Aliens admitted under the immigration act of 1924, by classes and

race or people 144

46. Aliens charged to the quota, by nationality, under the immigration

act of 1924, and admitted I 146

47. Aliens debarred from entering the United States, by race or people,

causes, and sex 148

48. Aliens debarred from entering the United States, showing number

rejected at the land border stations and at the seaports of entry,

by causes and sex 152

49. Permanent residents of contiguous foreign territory applying for

temporary sojourn in the United States, refused admission, by
causes 153

50. Aliens deported (under warrant proceedings) after entering the

United States, by race or people, and causes 154

51. Aliens deported (under warrant proceedings) after entering the

United States, by race or people, and countries to which deported. _ 158

52. Aliens certified by surgeons as physically or mentally defective, show-

ing sex, age, class of defect, and disposition, by race or people 162

53. Aliens certified by surgeons as physically or mentally defective,

showing sex, age, class of defect, and disposition, by disease or defect 164

54. Aliens certified by surgeons as physically or mentally defective, show-

ing organ or portion of body affected, by disease or defect 166

55. Aliens certified by surgeons as physically or mentally defective, by

disease or defect, and race or people 168

56. Aliens certified by surgeons as physically or mentally defective,

showing organ or portion of body affected, by race or people 172

57. Appeals from decisions under immigration law, applications for

admission on bond without appeal, applications for hospital
treatment, and applications for transit, by causes 176

58. Appeals from decisions under immigration law, applications for

admission on bond without appeal, applications for hospital
treatment, and applications for transit, by ports 177

59. Aliens granted hospital treatment under sections 18 and 22, by

race or people 178

60. Aliens granted hospital treatment under sections 18 and 22, by

ports 178

61. Alien seamen deserted, ordered held on board vessel, escaped,

removed from vessel, certified for contagious disease, and re-
moved to hospital for treatment, as specified, by districts 179

62. Vessels boarded and alien seamen examined by immigration officers

and United States citizens serving as seamen on vessels boarded,

by districts 179

63. Comparison between alien arrivals and head-tax settlements 180

64. Japanese aliens applied for admission, admitted, debarred, deported,

and departed, fiscal years ended June 30, 1926 and 1927 180

65. Increase or decrease of Japanese population by alien admissions and

departures, fiscal years ended June 30, 1926 and 1927, by months. 181

66. Occupations of Japanese aliens admitted and departed 182

67. Miscellaneous Chinese transactions, by ports 182

68. Aliens admitted to continental United States from insular United

States, fiscal years ended June 30, 1908 to 1927, by ports 183

69. Arrivals in and departures from the Philippine Islands, calendar year

1926, by classes, as specified 183

70. Aliens admitted to and aliens departed, debarred, and deported from

the Philippine Islands, calendar year 1926, as specified 184

COMPARATIVE STATISTICS

71. Net increase of population, bv admission and departure of aliens,

fiscal years ended June 30, 1908 to 1927 185

72. Net increase of population, bv admission and departure of aliens,

calendar years 1918 to 1926 185

73. Nonimmigrant aliens admitted, fiscal years ended June 30, 1908 to

1927, by principal countries of last permanent residence 186

VI CONTENTS

Table Page

74. Nonemigrant aliens departed, fiscal years ended June 30, 1908 to

1927, by principal countries of intended future permanent residence. 187

75. United States citizens permanently departed, fiscal years ended

June 30, 1918 to 1927, by principal countries of intended future
permanent residence 187

76. Immigration to the United States, 1820 to 1927, by years 188

77. Immigration to the United States from northern and western Europe,

southern and eastern Europe, Asia, Canada and Newfoundland,
Mexico, West Indies, and other countries, during specified periods,
1820 to 1927 190

78. Immigration to the United States during specified periods, 1820 to

1927, by countries 192

79. Immigrant aliens admitted, fiscal years ended June 30, 1911 to 1927,

by countries of last permanent residence 194

80. Emigrant aliens departed, fiscal years ended June 30, 1908 to 1927,

by countries of intended future permanent residence 197

81. Immigrant aliens admitted, fiscal years ended June 30, 1899 to 1927,

by race or people 200

82. Emigrant aliens departed, fiscal years ended June 30, 1908 to 1927,

by race or people 203

83. Immigrant aliens admitted and emigrant aliens departed, showing

comparative per cent of total, by race or people, fiscal years ended

June 30, 1911 to 1927 205

84. Immigrant aliens admitted and emigrant aliens departed, with excess

admissions or departures and number departed for every 100 ad-
mitted, fiscal years ended June 30, 1916 to 1927, as specified, by
country of last or intended future permanent residence 206

85. Immigrant aliens admitted and emigrant aliens departed, with excess

of admissions or departures and number departed for every 100
admitted, fiscal years ended June 30, 1916 to 1927, as specified, by
race or people 208

86. Immigrant aliens admitted and emigrant aliens departed, with excess

of admissions or departures and number departed for every 100
admitted, fiscal years ended June 30, 1916 to 1927, as specified, by
States of intended future or last permanent residence 210

87. Immigrant aliens admitted, showing races most important numeri-

cally destined to each State, fiscal years 1911 to 1927, inclusive 212

88. Immigrant aliens admitted, with comparative per cent, by sex,

fiscal years ended June 30, 1871 to 1927 213

89. Emigrant aliens departed, with comparative per cent, by sex, fiscal

years ended June 30, 1908 to 1927 214

90. Immigrant aliens admitted during specified periods, fiscal years

ended June 30, 1916 to 1927, by countries of last permanent
residence and sex 215

91. Emigrant aliens departed during specified periods, fiscal years

ended June 30, 1916 to 1927, by countries of intended future
permanent residence and sex 216

92. Comparative per cent of sex of immigrant aliens admitted and emi-

grant aliens departed during specified periods, fiscal years ended
June 30, 1916 to 1927, by countries of last or intended future per-
manent residence 217

93. Immigrant aliens admitted during specified periods, fiscal years ended

June 30, 1916 to 1927, by race or people and sex 219

94. Emigrant aliens departed during specified periods, fiscal years ended

June 30, 1916 to 1927, by race or people and sex 220

95.1Comparative per cent of sex of immigrant aliens admitted and emi-
grant aliens departed during specified periods, fiscal years ended
June 30, 1916 to 1927, by race or people 221

96. Immigrant aliens admitted, fiscal years ended June 30, 1911 to 1927,

by occupational groups, and comparative per cent 223

97. Emigrant aliens departed, fiscal years ended June 30, 1911 to 1927,

by occupational groups, and comparative per cent 224

98. Alien applicants for admission to the United States, fiscal years ended

June 30, 1911 to 1927, showing comparison of the number debarred

at the seaports and at the land border ports, as specified 225

CONTENTS Vn

Table Page

99. Alien applicants for admission to the United States by race or people,
showing per cent of applicants of each race debarred from entering,
fiscal years ended June 30, 1911 to 1927, as specified 226

100. Aliens debarred from entering the United States, showing comparative

per cent of total debarred, bv race or people, fiscal years ended

June 30, 1911 to 1927, as specified 228

101. Aliens debarred and deported, by causes, 1892 to 1927 230

102. Aliens deported from the United States after landing, showing com-

parative per cent of total deported, by race or people, fiscal years
ended June 30, 1911 to 1927, as specified 232

103. Deserting alien seamen reported, fiscal years ended June 30, 1907 to

1927, by ports or districts 234

104. Stowaways, found on board vessels arriving at ports of the United

States, fiscal years ended June 30, 1908 to 1927, by ports 236

REPORT

OF THE

COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

Department of Labor,
Bureau of Immigration,

Washington, June SO, 1927.
Hon. James J. Davis,

Secretary of Labor.

Sir: In surveying the myriad activities and accomplishments of
the immigration field and bureau forces for another year, the thought
which comes uppermost in my mind is the tremendous volume and
infinite variety of problems disposed of. Here is a governmental
agency dealing with human beings — aliens arriving, aliens departing,
and aliens in our midst; aliens who want to come but do not know
how to go about it, aliens who want to leave bat are fearful of the
possible consequences, aliens who, because of the fact that they were
permitted to enter but temporarily, should leave, but do not want to
do so. Merged with these are American citizens, near American
citizens, alleged American citizens, persons of no nationality or dual
nationality. The travel of American citizens in and out of our
country and across our borders must be facilitated. Our officers
must distinguish between them (naturalized or native-born) and
aliens, with the least possible delay. The flow of humanity across
our land borders alone aggregates in round numbers approximately
100,000 daily, or 36,500,000 entrants annually. In the matter of
aliens, in particular, there are no two cases alike in all of their
circumstances.

The law is designed broadly to classify, prescribe formulae, fix
limits, prohibit, and enjoin, and while it is all admirably conceived,
representing as it does the fruit of many years' study upon the
part of the lawmakers and experience of administrators, it does not
and, in the very nature of things, can not take cognizance of the
individual and all the possible circumstances, combinations of cir-
cumstances, and the limitless uncertainties inherent m human af-
fairs— circumstances which may render two cases, identical perhaps
as to law, utterly dissimilar in every other way and one of them
needful of special consideration. In the view of every alien, and
more frequently than not in the view of his relatives and friends, his
case is exceptional; his case, it is reasoned, should therefore be de-
cided differently from those of his fellows. The question is pre-
sented, Why can not we set aside the law in just this one case?
"Surely one alien more or less in or out of the country can not be
vital to the maintenance of the immigration structure." Always,
never ending, is the plea for special treatment and indulgence; not
from one alien but from thousands upon thousands. Countless

2 REPORT or THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

thousands of investigations have been made, countless thousands of
letters have been painstakingly answered; sometimes as many as
20 or 30 in an individual case. We must be patient; we must explain
again and again that, much as we sympathize with the motives,
desires, and needs expressed, we can not yield where yielding involves
a vital principle. Were we to do otherwise, the barriers and safe-
guards, which have been so painstakingly erected, would be speedily
swept aside.

The struggle for self-preservation is not, as many appear to believe,
confined to aliens seeking to enter the country, nor to aliens who,
having gained lodgment by unfair means, resist all efforts to dislodge
them, but is shared by Americans and aliens alike who have a right
to be and remain here in unimpaired enjoyment of the blessings
which this country has to offer. Were we indefinitely and without
limitation or discrimination to share these blessings with those who
wish to come and whom we do not need and with the aliens already
here who violate our hospitality, we would sooner or later be no
better off than the supplicants; in short, we would eventually have
no need of immigration laws, siace the inducements to come here
would cease to exist. The welfare of the millions making up our own
country must steadfastly be held paramount. It is not nearly so
cruel, if cruelty it be, to reject the ones who threaten our well-being,
as it would be to subject those ki our midst, who are healthy, happy,
prosperous, and law-abiding, to the danger of unfair competition
with its inevitable train of lowered living standards and other devital-
izing processes. By every means withia our power we strive, in
seekiag to effectuate the purposes of legislation, to avoid as well the
causing of unnecessary suffering. By every means the bureau is
seeking to emphasize and to impress upon our officers the need of the
employment — along with firmness — of kiudness, courtesy, and con-
sistent helpfulness in their every contact and relationship with the
alien who seeks by fair and honest means to come to or remain in this
country. In this respect it is felt that substantial progress has been
made.

In a survey of the more tangible and concrete accomplishments of
the past year it is extremely difficult to say just which of the many
stand out most prominently or which ones are of the greatest value.
Perhaps ridding the country of over 26,000 aliens unlawfully here,
despite an acute shortage of funds with which to carry on, might be
regarded as the outstanding feature. It may be added parentheti-
cally in this connection that heretofore in discussing this phase of the
work of the Immigration Service, the figures given have had to do
solely with those aliens removed from the country by means of formal
deportation proceedings. An even larger number of undesirable
aliens, aliens unlawfully here, have, upon investigation of their cases,
expressed a preference to leave the country voluntarily rather than to
leave it under writs of deportation. The figure given comprehends
both classes. The continued development, by means of the immigra-
tion border patrol, of safeguards along our land and some of our coast
boundaries, to render abortive the efforts of aliens attempting sur-
reptitiously to effect entry and lodgment in this country, is most
gratifyiug. Over 12,000 such aliens were apprehended by this agency
alone during the past year. The further development of the system
of examination abroad of iutending immigrants by officers of the

REPORT OF THE COMMISSION liE GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 6

Consular Service of the State Department, assisted by technical
advisers of the Immigration Service, is the accomplishment, however,
that affords keenest satisfaction. These matters and many others
of more than passing interest and importance are hereinafter dis-
cussed in more or less detail. The activities of the bureau and field
forces of the Immigration Service are so numerous, diversified, and
complex that to discuss them, as I would like to do, is impossible
within the limits of a report of this character. Many of these are
reflected in the tabulations which follow the text. For those who
care to study them, they will be found eloquent of the magnitude of
the work being carried on by the bureau and its field forces. These
tabulations do not, however, tell the story of the thousands upon
thousands of human problems met and solved, nor do they afford
the slightest conception of the patient toil, integrity, pride, loyalty,
and self-sacrificing devotion to duty of hundreds of employees by or
through whose efforts the results recorded have been made possible,
nor do they reflect the steady, consistent improvement both in the
field and in the bureau that has generally characterized the law's
administration during the period covered by this report.

IMMIGRATION

VOLUME— CHIEF SOURCES— ADMISSIONS— EEJECTIONS— DISTRIBUTION

During the fiscal year covered by this report 538,001 aliens were
admitted and 253,508 departed, resulting in an increase of 284,493
in the alien population. In the fiscal year next preceding the net
increase was 268,351, during which period 496,106 aliens were
admitted and 227,755 departed.

Of the 538,001 aliens admitted in the fiscal year just closed, 335,175
were immigrants, or newcomers for permanent residence, and 202,826
were nonimmigrants returning from a temporary sojourn abroad
or coming here for a visit. Nearly three-fourths, or, to be exact,
180,142 of the aliens wiio departed in the fiscal year just closed
were nonemigrants, i. e., those who had previously come for a short
stay and those who, having come for permanent residence, upon
departing announced an intention of returning. The remaining
73,366 aliens who departed during the year were emigrants leaving
with the announced intention of residing permanently abroad.

Nearly one-half of the immigrants admitted during the past year
came from countries in the Western Hemisphere, with Canada and
Mexico far in the lead. These two countries, with 81,506 and 67,721,
respectively, contributed nearly 45 per cent of the total number of
immigrants for the year. Europe sent us 168,368 immigrant aliens
in the same period, Germany with 48,513 leading the list, followed
by the Irish Free State with 28,054, and Great Britain with 23,669.
Italy sent us 17,297 immigrants this past year, and the Scandinavian
countries 16,860. All the other countries of Europe combined sent
33,975. Compared with the figures for the previous year, Canadian
immigration decreased 10.5 per cent, Mexican immigration increased
56.3 per cent, and European immigration increased 8.2 per cent.
The priQcipal contributions of the immigrant class considered racially
were as follows: Mexican, 66,766; German, 56,587; Irish, 44,726;
English, 40,165; Scotch, 25,544; French, 19,313; Scandinavian,
19,235; Italian, 18,529; and Hebrew, 11,483.

4 EEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

Less than one-sixth of the immigrants of the past year were chil-
dren, 51,689 being under 16 years of age, while 254,574 ranged from
16 to 44 years, and 28,912 were 45 years of age or over.

The male immigrants nmnbered 194,163, the female 141,012.
However, a nmnber of countries furnished more females than males,
conspicuously Greece, with 573 males and 1,516 females. Other
countries the female immigrants from which exceeded the male
were Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Polandj Rumania, Russia, Turkey, and Yugoslavia. The excess of
females over males from these countries consisted mostly of the alien
wives of United States citizens.

An interesting and, it may be said, wholly unexpected situation,
and withal a thoroughly wholesome one, has developed from the
present quota system as revealed by the figures showing distribu-
tion, by States, of quota immigrants. The newcomers are spreading
more evenly throughout the country than before. No longer is
there the same concentration of the flow to the congested centers of
population of the East; on the contrary, there is a marked drift to
the Central West and to the States beyond the Rockies. However,
the State of New York still leads all others as the settling ground of
the present-day immigration, although its overwhelming lead of
prequota years has been lost. This situation is partially reflected
in the following figures: During the last fiscal year there were 87,864
immigrant aliens admitted who gave the Empire State as their
destination, while 32,363 from that State were recorded as emigrat-
ing, a net gain of but 55,501, a figure in sharp contrast with those
representing New York's gains in the years before the World War.
Massachusetts received 25,907 and lost 5,900, a net gain of 20,007.
Michigan received 28,104 and lost 3,128, a net gain of 24,976. Texas,
a distinctly agricultural State, received 43,139 and lost but 1,467, a
net gain of 41,672. Of the Pacific Coast States, California received
26,029 and lost 4,954, a net gain of 21,075. Washington received
5,440 and lost 1,085, a net gain of 4,355. The Southern States, as
usual, gained but little by immigration, Florida receiving the largest
number, 2,512 going to that State and 1,360 leaving, a net gain of
1,152. South Carolina received the fewest of all, 56, and lost 9, a
net gain of 47.

If the amount of money per capita exhibited by immigrants upon
arrival may be regarded as any index to their relative economic value,
racially considered, the Pacific Islander came first, followed in the
order named by the Welsh, Spanish American, East Indian, English,
Spanish, French, Scotch, and Dutch. Immigrants of these races
admitted during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1927, were recorded
as bringmg an average of $97 each.

A total of 15,809 aliens "ineligible to citizenship'' were admitted
during the fiscal year 1927, mainly as returning residents, visitors, or
transits. Of this number there were 8,305 Chinese, 218 East Indians,
7,177 Japanese, 90 Koreans, and 19 Pacific Islanders.

The total recorded number of aliens of all classes admitted at
Canadian borderland ports during the fiscal year, including those
coming initially for permanent residence and those returning for
permanent residence after more than six months' absence, was
95,420. Seventy-seven per cent, or 73,222, of these were born in
Canada and the bulk of them came in under the act of 1924 as natives

REPORT OP THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 5

of that country. Of the remainder, 19,938 were born in Europe,
being mostly quota immigrants; 1,186 were born in Newfoundland,
376 in Asia, 346 in Australia and New Zealand, and 352 in other
countries. Aliens of the same statistical status admitted during the
same period at Mexican borderland ports numbered 81,539; prac-
tically all of these (over 96 per cent) were natives of Mexico.

There is a continuous exodus of aliens to Europe, particularly to
the southern and eastern sections. During the past year 33 emigrant
aliens returned to Europe for every 100 immigrants admitted from
that continent, but considered as a separate group the emigration to
Finland Greece, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Yugoslavia
was greater by 5,879 than the immigration therefrom.

During the year 19,755 aliens were barred from entering the
United States, this being the lowest number for any year since the
present quota law went into effect. Of this number only 3,111 were
rejected at the seaports of entry while 16,644 were turned back at ports
of entry along the land border. At New York, our principal sea-
port, and where the bulk of the unmigration from overseas con-
tinues to land, 299,112 aliens sought admission during the year, of
whom 1,319 were barred, or less than 5 out of every 1,000 applicants.
The majority of these rejected were stowaways and seamen seeking
lodgment in the United States without first having obtained visas
from American consuls. At the same port during the flood tide of
immigration before the World War, when no quota restrictions were
in effect, nor any prefiltering by United States officers in Europe,
the ratio of rejections was over 16 for every 1,000 applicants.

Alien stowaways discovered on board of vessels arriving at United
States ports during the fiscal year just closed numbered 1,906, and
alien seamen to the number of 23,447 deserted their ships. This is
an increase of both classes as compared with the previous fiscal year,
when 1,789 stowaways and 18,456 deserting seamen were reported.
The restrictive force of the present immigration laws may best be
realized by comparing the total number of immigrants received during
the past fiscal year with one of six years prior to the World War when
immigration passed the million mark. A considerably larger number
of aliens then came from certain individual countries than now come
from all Europe. In the year 1913, when immigration reached the
total of 1,197,892, the former Russian Empire contributed 291,040
immigrants to this country, and during the same year 265,542 came
from Italy, while 254,825 came from Austria-Hungary. In the
fiscal year 1927 only 168,368 unmigrant aliens were admitted from
all European countries.

MEXICAN IMMIGRATION

The total Mexican immigration to the United States during the
fiscal year ended June 30, 1927, was 80,639, comprising 66,766 immi-
grant aliens, or newcomers for permanent residence in this country,
and 13,873 nonimmigrants, aliens of the temporary class, either
coming for a visit of less than a year or returning after a short absence
from the United States. During the same period, 10,954 Mexican
aliens were recorded as leaving the United States, practically all
going to Mexico, 2,774 bemg of the emigrant class and 8,180 of the
nonemigrant class. The net addition of this race to the alien popu-

6 EEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONEE GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

lation of the United States for the year just ended was 69,685. This
is 15,237 more than for the fiscal year 1926 and 24,667 more than for
the year 1925, but 32,530, or 31.8 per cent, less than the excess for
the fiscal year 1924, the peak year for admission of Mexicans, a total
of 105,787 ahens of this race having been admitted that year and
only 3,572 departed.

While the real immigration of Mexicans — immigrant aliens —
during the fiscal year 1927 exceeded that of the preceding year by
24,128 and that of the year 1925 by 34,388, it was 20,882, or 23.3
per cent, below the high-water mark for arriving Mexicans reached
in the year 1924. The nmnber of Mexican immigrant aliens ad-
mitted during these four years was 66,766 in 1927, 42,638 in 1926,
32,378 in 1925, and 87,648 in 1924. The abrupt drop in the number
of immigrants in 1925 was undoubtedly due, very largely, if not
entirely, to the fact that it was the first year following the adoption
of the visa requirement and visa fee of $10.

The immigration statistics also show that the bulk of the Mexican
immigrants admitted are adults, 41,475, or 62.1 per cent of the total
admitted, being over 21 years of age and three-fourths (31,159) of
these were males. The ratio of all minors and adult females to adult
males is approximately 5 to 4. As to the sex, age, and conjugal
condition of these Mexican immigrants, 48,107 are males and 18,659
females; 10,304 are under 16 years of age, 14,987 are from 16 to 21
years old, 22,010 from 22 to 29 years, 9,723 from 30 to 37 years,
4,906 from 38 to 44 years, and 4,836 are 45 years of age or over.
The male single numbered 27,558 and the female single 9,113; the
male married, 19,783, and the female married, 7,622; the male
widowed, 751, and female 1,903. There were 15 male and 21 female
divorced.

Only one Mexican out of every three was going to join his imme-
diate family or other relative already established in the United States,
and in addition the male married were nearly three times the nimiber
of female married. These facts indicate, as did the figures for the
previous ye&r (1926), that many of the Mexican wage earners are
coming alone, leaving their families in Mexico.

Of the 66,766 Mexican immigrants admitted in the fiscal year 1927,
the unskilled workers predominate, 33,832 giving their occupation as
that of common laborer, 1,615 as farm laborer, and 1,376 as servant.
The professional class numbered only 988, the teachers leading the
list with 320, followed by the clergy with 189 and musicians with 159.
There were 4,722 recorded as skilled workers of various kinds and
1,491 as of the rniscellaneous classes, while 22,742 were listed as
having no occupation — mainly women and children.

With few exceptions, all the aliens coming from south of the Rio
Grande are of the Mexican race and all the Mexicans admitted are
natives of Mexico. During the fiscal year 1927 a total of 81,722
aliens, born in Mexico, were admitted to the United States, and of
this number 77,155 entered the country under section 4 (c) of the
immigration act of 1924. Of the 80,639 Mexican aliens admitted
during the past year, 80,499 were natives of Mexico and 76,657
entered the United States under section 4 (c) of the act. If the
quota limitations applied to Mexico her annual allotment, based on
2 per cent- of the 77,853 natives of Mexico in this country in 1890,
would be 1,557.

KEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONEE GENERAL OF IMMIGEATIOX 7

Aliens of the Mexican race debarred from entering; the United
States during the fiscal year 1927 numbered 1,794 (1,165 male and
629 female). The principal causes for these rejections were: With-
out immigration visa (1,356), likely to become a public charge (206),
mentally or physically defective (75), unable to read — over 16 years
of age— (64), and criminal and immoral classes (44). In the same
year, 2,701 Mexicans were deported under warrant proceedings after
entering the United States, practically all having been returned to
Mexico via the land border.

In the fiscal year 1927 a total of 2,774 emigrant aliens of the
Mexican race left the United States to make their future homes in
some foreign country, mainlj^ Mexico; or about 4 Mexican emigrants
having been recorded as permanently departed for every 100 Mexican
immigrants admitted during the year. The bulk of these departures
were recent arrivals in the United States, 2,006 of the Mexican
emigrants leaving during the year 1927 having made their permanent
residence in this country from 1 to 5 years and 2,431 not over 10
years, while 191 had been here from 10 to 15 years, 96 from 15 to
20 years, 28 from 20 to 25 years, and 28 had resided here continuously
for over 25 years. Of the Mexican emigrants leaving last year,
1,978 were males and 796 females; 1,652 were recorded as single,
974 as married, 146 as widowed, and 2 as divorced. The number
giving their ages as under 16 years numbered 307; 2,255 were in the
prime of life, from 16 to 44 years of age, and 212 were 45 years of age
or over.

In last year's annual report reference was made to the fact that
486,418 persons born in Mexico were resident of the United States
as shown by the census of 1920; that since then the net increase of
Mexicans though immigration was 369,480, making a grand total
of 855,898 Mexicans then in the United States, to say nothing of the
number of such aliens who presumably have entered since 1920
through other than the regular channels. The estimate then made
of a resident population of over 1,000,000 Mexican aliens is believed
to understate the situation rather than overstate it.

The following table showing persons in the United States and
specified cities reported as born in Mexico — as shown by the census
reports from 1850 to 1920 — is interesting in this connection:

Area

1920

1910

1900

1890

1880

1870

1860

1850

United States

486, 418

221, 915

103, 393

77, 853

68, 399

42,435

27,466

12,317

1,224

439

28

1,920
746
217

1,884

188

J80
17

233
23
44

139

102

76
8
24

I
19

64
62
10
15
4
4

24

46

7

6

Pittsburgh

Kansas Citv, Mo

Salt Lake City

Pueblo

THE QUOTA LAW

As indicated by what has preceded, the present quota law, coupled
with preinspection abroad, accomplishes, with a minimum of hard-
ship and complaint, even more than its most ardent proponents
expected of it.

8 EEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

The State Department exercises exclusive jurisdiction abroad in
determining who shall be granted visas to come to this country and
the work of its representatives is characterized by the utmost fairness
to all applicants. The aliens here no less than those resident in the
Old World, have come to have an understanding of its essentials.
It is humane, it is just, it is definite, and all with a proper regard for
the assimilative capacity of our own country. It is not, however,
selective in the sense that it permits us to take or even invite those
whom we particularly prefer or need when we prefer or need them,
but it does permit of a sane, deliberate preliminary filtering abroad
of candidate immigrants, a separation of the specifically proscribed
from those not specifically inhibited by law — all unaccompanied by
the hysteria of complamt and criticism that characterized the old
system of unlimited immigration. In other words, while we can not
say who shall apply nor whom we prefer or need, yet to those who do
present themselves to our consuls abroad we are afforded an oppor-
tunity to say, as to any individual, "You are specifically disqualified
by certam provisions of our laws and we can not give you a visa."
The point which it is desired particularly to emphasize would per-
haps best be made clear by an illustration. Let us suppose that the
quota of a particular country were approaching exhaustion and there
were a long waiting list of candidates of that nationality. Taking the
candidates in their order, as obviously the officers must if there is
to be perfect fairness, a prospective shoestring peddler destined to
New York is up for examination; he has sufficient funds; he meets
the physical requirements; nothing against his character is developed.
In the Ime somewhere behind him is a quarryman destined to Barre,
Vt.; he also has sufficient funds; he meets the physical requirements;
there is nothing against him; but the quota is exhausted before he
can be reached. We do not need the shoestring peddler; we need
the quarryman; but the shoestring peddler "wins." This "first come
first served" process which permits economic undesirables to get
within reach on the current limited waiting lists and to crowd out
many economic desirables is faulty, but even with its faults it is
infinitely better than the old haphazard one, when the volume of the
flood was regulated by the capacity of shipbuilders to build ships
in which to carry immigrants, the lines to buy them, and Ellis Island
to accommodate the human cargoes.

NATIONAL ORIGIN

Section 11 (a) of the immigration act of 1924, known as the quota
act, provides that the annual quota of any nationality shall be 2
per centum of the number of foreign-born individuals of such nation-
ality resident in continental United States as determined by the
United States census of 1890, but the minimum quota of any nation-
ality shall be 100. This basis of computation is an excellent one.
The volume and general quality of immigration resulting therefrom
is more satisfactory than the quantity and quality of any immigra-
tion received in the three decades prior to 1921. This basis certainly
should not be tampered with.

In the same section of the same act, paragraph b, there is a provi-
sion that the annual quota of any nationality for the fiscal year begin-
ning July 1, 1927, and for each fiscal year thereafter, shall be a number

EEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 9

which bears the same ratio to 150,000 as the number of inhabitants
in continental United States in 1920 having that national origin
(ascertained as hereinafter provided in this section) bears to the nmn-
ber of inhabitants in continental United States in 1920; but the mini-
mum quota of any nationality shall be 100. This is loiown as the
national-origin plan. It did not go into effect on July 1, 1927.
The Congress by special and independent action during the last session
postponed the operative date of this plan for one year.

FOREIGN SERVICE

The annual report of last year contained comment on the gratifying
situation resulting from the examination abroad by American consuls,
assisted by technical advisers of the Immigration Service, of intending
immigrants. The year just closed is the third since the examination
abroad was inaugurated and the second during which technical
advisers of this service have been attached to the American consulates.

During the past fiscal year, at the request of the Governments
du-ectly concerned, technical advisers have been assigned to our con-
sulates in Italy and Czechoslovalda.

A technical adviser is now assigned to each of the following European
cities: Antwerp, Belgium ; Belfast, Ireland; Bergen, Norway; Berlin,
Germany; Bremen, Germany; Cobh, Ireland; Copenhagen, Den-
mark; Cologne, Germany; Dublm, Ireland; Genoa, Italy; Glasgow,
Scotland; Gothenberg, Sweden; Hamburg, Germany; Liverpool,
England; London, England (2) ; Naples, Italy; Oslo, Norway; Palermo,
Italy; Prague, Czechoslovakia; Rotterdam, Holland; Southampton,
England; Stockholm, Sweden; Stuttgart, Germany; and Warsaw,
Poland; a total of 25 in all with one additional man for relief detail.

Taking the arrivals at the port of New York as a basis, the records
of the bureau show that in the three years prior to the inauguration of
the foreign inspection service, that is to say the fiscal j^ears 1922,
1923, and 1924, out of every 1,000 arrivals there were debarred 14,
11, and 15, respectively. In the fiscal year 1925, the fu'st in which
examination abroad occurred, 12 aliens per 1,000 were debarred upon
reaching the LTnited States, and during the fiscal years 1926 and 1927,
following the assignment abroad of technical advisers of the Immi-
gration Service, the ratio of those debarred to each 1,000 aliens arriv-
ing dropped to 6 and 4, respectively. The ratios given are based
upon all aliens applying at New York for admission regardless of
country of origin and regardless of whether they came from countries
to which technical advisers had been assigned. The bureau's records
show that, as to aliens arriving at New York from countries to which
technical advisers have been assigned, the ratio of debarred is less than
1 to each 1,000 arrivals.

The figures quoted speak more eloquently than anything else could
of the success of the system.

It is reasonable to hope and believe that as the system develops
hardships attendant upon exclusion of unmigrants at our ports will
become practically nonexistent.

The system where it has been placed in operation has practically

eliminated cases of hardship at ports of the United States and has

proved also a distinct financial benefit not only to those who have

migrated to this country but to those others as well who might other-

66175—27 2

10 EEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

wise have undertaken a fruitless journey. The wonderful success
of this system is due in a very substantial measure to the splendid
cooperation of the American consular officers, officers of the Public
Health Service, and technical advisers of the Immigration Service.

DEPORTATIONS (EXPULSIONS)

Kidding the country of undesirable aliens found to be unlawfully
therein continues to be one of the most important functions of the
Immigration Service. During the fiscal year covered by this report
12,055 aliens were disposed of through, or by means of, the institu-
tion of deportation proceedings. Of this number 7,249 were deported
at the expense exclusively of the immigration appropriation; 1,504
aliens were deported in which cases the steamship fines responsible
for their introduction into this country were held liable for the cost
of the ocean voyage; 1,638 were permitted to ship one way foreign
as members of crews of departing vessels, and 1,664 were permitted
voluntarily to depart at their own expense.

Of the 12,055 afiens mentioned, approximately 4,700 were returned
to Europe, 3,000 to Canada, 3,055 to Mexico, and 600 to other
countries in the Western Hemisphere. Approximately 600 deportees
were sent to Asia, and 100 to Africa, Australia, and the Pacific
islands.

The total number of undesirables whose removal from the country
was brought about in the manner above indicated exceeds that for
the previous fiscal year by approximately 1,151, and establishes a new
high record for the service, notwithstanding the fact that the absence
of_ sufficient funds with which to "carry on," resulting from the
failure of the second deficiency bifi to pass in the last session of Con-
gress, necessitated a sharp curtailment diu-ing the last quarter of the
fiscal year of all activities designed to rid the country of undesirable
afiens unlawfully here.

At this juncture it may be timely to mention the fact that when
Congress adjourned on March 4 last, there were awaiting deportation
over 7,000 undesirable aliens of various classes and nationalities in
respect of whom warrants of deportation had issued, but owing to the
threatened deficit only 3,410 of them were subsequently deported,
and, with the aliens arrested subsequent to March 4, the close of the
year found fully 7,000 throughout the country awaiting deportation.
Of this number about 2,500 were at large on bond or upon their own
recognizance, about 2,200 were in detention at the expense of the
Government, and about 2,300 were in detention in institutions at the
expense of various States and municipalities.

Ninety- two deportation parties were moved during the year.
These group movements saved many thousands of dollars.

With respect to the aliens permitted to reship one way foreign as
a compUance with orders of deportation, statistics showing those who
were experienced seamen (or who had made at least one previous
voyage as a member of the crew of some vessel) and those who had
no such previous experience have been maintained only since Jan-
uary, 1927. It is interesting to note, however, even from these
meager data that of the 587 deportees who were permitted to leave
the United States in the manner indicated between January 1 and

EEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

11

June 30, 554 had had some previous experience as seamen, while
33 were without experience.

In addition to the foregoing there were approximately 14,619
aliens subject to deportation (in respect of whom formal removal
proceedings were not initiated) who were permitted voluntarily to
depart.

Summary

Number of
aliens

Savings to appropriation

Warrant proceedings instituted:

Deported at expense of immigration appro-

7,249

1,504

1,638

1,271
393

Doported (ocean voyage at expense of steam-

Permitted to ship foreign one way as a com-
pliance with warrant of deportation ..

Departed — paying own passage — as a compli-

At $100 per capita... $1G3, 800
At $100 per capita... 127,100

At $20 per capita 7,860

Total ---

12, 055

165

939

13, 515

$298,760

Subject to deportation; voluntarily departed;
warrant proceedings not instituted:

At $100 per capita... 16, 500

Paid own passage

At $100 per capita... 93. 900

Departed for foreigh contiguous territory

At $20 per capita 270, 300

Total

14, 619

380.700

26, 674

679,460

1 Warrants of deportation not issued.

ALIEN INMATES OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS, INSANE ASYLUMS,
HOSPITALS, AND POORHOUSES

During the month of January, 1927, a survey was made of insti-
tutions of the character indicated in the caption hereof situated
within continental United States, Alaska, Honolulu, and Porto Kico,
to determine the number of alien imnates in such institutions.
Prisons, penitentiaries and jails were found to contain 45,193;
insane asylums and other institutions for the care of such cases
were found to contain 37,470; hospitals and sanitaria were found
to contain 14,383; and poorhouses 16,059; a total of 113,105.

The economic loss represented by these figures is appalling. ^ Each
alien considered economically is less than zero; he is a distinct
liability. The amount of money expended annually to support these
aliens would equip and maintain a fair-sized standing army.

REENTRY PERMITS (INCLUDING CHINESE)

During the fiscal year just closed 112,254 applications for reentry
permits were received and considered, of which 102,195 were granted
and 5,840 were denied, leaving 4,219 pending at the end of the year.
Applications for the extension of the life of permits issued were granted
in 9,110 cases. A fee of $3 is charged for each permit or extension
thereof granted. The total income from these sources was $333,915,
which sum was covered into the Treasury, representing an excess
of $7,815 collected as compared with the previous fiscal year, due

12 REPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OP IMMIGRATION

entirely to an increase in the number of extensions applied for and
granted.

With the close of the fiscal year covered by this report the reentry
permit system has been in operation three years. During this
period there have come to light 88 cases in which aliens have fraudu-
lently obtained admission to the United States on permits issued to
other persons, by substitution of photographs on the permits. Some
time since steps were taken to render this sort of fraud practically
impossible in the future. During the same period 66 cases came to
light in which reentry permits, counterfeit in their entirety, were
used by aliens in an effort to gain admission. Twenty-two succeeded.
Since the new regulation went into effect on July 9, 1926, requiring
that aliens be identified by immigration officers prior to departure
and before receiving permits, there has been but one case discovered
in which an alien has attempted a substitution of the photograph
on a bona fide permit. He was apprehended at the port of entry and
excluded. The counterfeiting of reentry permits in their entirety
has also been rendered extremely difficult by the adoption of a new
style of form, since the introduction of which no counterfeit has come
to light.

The use of reentry permits upon the part of aliens lawfully admitted
for permanent residence (desiring to proceed abroad temporarily)
in order to obviate the necessity of providing themselves with non-
quoto visas, will doubtless grow as the advantages arising from
their use become more widely known. Contrary to a popular mis-
apprehension (formerly quite widespread but fortunately steadily
diminishing) these reentry permits do not insure the readmission
of their holders. Any alien returning with a reentry permit after a
temporary absence abroad is subject to full inspection under the
immigration laws, and, if found for any cause thereunder to be in-
admissible, he must be excluded. In short, the reentry permit is
merely an instrument by means of which the holder is enabled upon
return to the United States to identify himself as one who has been
previously lawfully admitted for permanent residence, and one who,
if otherwise admissible, will be permitted to reenter without other
documents.

VISA PETITIONS

During the past fiscal year 34,169 petitions were filed by American
citizens for the issuance of nonquota visas in behalf of wives and
unmarried children under 18 years, and for preferential status in the
issuance of quota visas for children between the ages of 18 and 21
years, parents, and husbands, an increase of approximately 10,300
over the preceding year. Of this number 27,623 were approved and
3,203 rejected, the remainder, for one reason or another, not being
perfected.

Petitions for nonquota visas in respect of 25,500 individuals were
approved, and for preferential status in respect of 13,543 individuals,
a total of 39,043 persons. Of this total 16,256 were Italians, 7,079
were Poles, 1,811 were Greeks, and 1,710 were natives of Czechoslo-
vakia.

Early in October a most pronounced increase was noted in the
number of petitions ffied. This fact is not lacking in significance
when consideration is given to the fact that 2 years and 90 days had

REPOKT OF THE COMMISSIONEH GENEJElAIi OF IMMIGEATION 13

then elapsed since the effective date of the immigration act of 1924,
or approximately the period of time which would have to intervene
between the filing of a declaration of intention to become a citizen
and the receipt, in the ordinary course of business, of a final natural-
ization certificate. Approximately 75 per cent of the petitions
Teceived during the year were filed by persons whose naturalization
had occurred at a comparatively recent date. These facts, together
with those set forth in the paragraph immediately preceding con-
sidered collectively, might not unreasonably lead to the conclusion
that natives of certain countries are not altogether uninfluenced in
procuring naturalization by consideration of the advantages such a
course of action affords them in securing the admission to the United
States of close relatives.

IMMIGRANT STUDENTS

During the fiscal year 1925, 1,462 aliens were admitted to the
United States as nonquota immigrant students in accordance with
the provisions of section 4 (e) of the immigration act of 1924. Dur-
ing the fiscal year 1926, 1,920 were so admitted, and during the past
fiscal year, 1,833 were admitted, making a total of 5,215 for the entire
period since the student provision went into effect. Of this total,
1,085 have completed their studies and left the United States, and
135 warrants of arrest, with deportation in view, have been issued
in respect to admitted students who have failed to comply with the
law's requirements.

During the year just closed 128 schools have received full approval
as institutions of learning for immigrant students, making the total
number to date so approved 1,034. In many cases, upon the recom-
mendation of American consuls abroad, approval has been given to
a school in respect of an individual student only.

Considerable difficulty has been experienced in respect to stu-
dents who have entered the country without being qualified to enter
classes conducted in the English language. During March of the
past fiscal year each accredited school was advised that in the future
a certificate of admission must state positivel}^ whether the school
could accept non-English-speaking students. The State Depart-
ment then advised consular officers abroad that if an applicant for a
nonquota student visa could not speak and understand English
easily and the school had not stated it could accept a non-English-
speaking student, further investigation should be made before a visa
issued. Although the time has been too short for any marked results
from this action, it is believed that the difficulty referred to will be
largely corrected.

ALIEN SEAMEN

Throughout the history of immigration legislation bona fide alien
seamen have occupied a favored position. Privileges have been
extended to them accorded to no other class. They come and go
practically at will; they are free to desert their vessels without preju-
dice so far as the immigration laws are concerned. About the only
restrictions imposed upon them are that they shall not be carriers of
disease, or, if HI, that they shall be removed to a hospital until cured
•or taken back if not readily curable. The sailor is indeed a privileged

14 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

character among aliens. Considerations of international trade,
comity, and amity have thrown a protecting mantle about him and
set him apart as a man whose liberty of action is not to be lightly
abridged. The theory is sound, unassailable; it has persisted
throughout the ages and among all civilized and some semicivilized
countries. In short, the alien seamen has been an ambassador of
trade and good will, enjoj^ing prerogatives in keeping with his calling
far beyond those possessed by the landsmen. This is as it should be.
But unfortunately, with the gradual development in this country of
stricter immigration policies, a horde of pretenders has arisen to
usurp the seaman's time-honored position. The bona fide seaman or
crewman of to-day is not, generally speaking, a sailorman; he is
literally what his name implies, a man of the sea — no more no less.
With the advent of steam his job underwent a tremendous change.
No longer is it necessary that all seamen shall serve an apprentice-
ship— become skilled m seamanship. Many so-called seamen are
coal passers, cooks, waiters, laborers. The latter need but be fairly
strong and willing to work. Commerce of the seas has become
prosaic and little, if any, more hazardous than the factory.

Many aliens, unable to enter our country as immigrants, are
"signing on" as seamen with ships bound for this country. They
need not necessarily have had previous experience as seamen, and
certainly none as saiiormen. They accept eagerly whatever is
offered in the way of wages. What difference do wages make?
They will desert upon reaching America anyway, without even
claiming their pay; or, if signed on one way, they will simply claim
their pay and announce to the immigrant inspector an intention to
ship out on another vessel, and, unless the officer divines their true
intentions, they will go ashore with the rest of the crew. Once
ashore the immigration law permits any seaman to look about for
another ship out. What is easier or simpler if one wants to stay in
America? Thus reasons the pretender, and quite correctly. There
is no doubt that the number of aliens who thus gain lodgment is
steadily increasing. W^e can not deny the bona fide alien seaman
the right to come ashore and look for another berth foreign bound.
We can not penalize him for deserting his ship. What are we to do
with the pretender — the alien seaman so-called, who "signs on"
abroad with no other thought than to remain here once he gets in?
We have wrestled with the problem for years. No legislative meas-
ure yet devised has proved an effective remedy, and the situation
yearly becomes more acute. Our quota laws limit the number of
bona fide immigrants who may come, but not the number of immi-
grants in the guise of seamen. We are gradually developing safe-
guards against the surreptitious entry of aliens along our land borders,
but our seaports are wide open to fictitious seamen. This is no less
true of the Asiatic than of the other races. With the adoption of a
system of percentage restrictions upon immigration the incentive to
evade, dissemble, and deceive has nowhere been more apparent.

There may be other and better remedies for this steadily growing
menace than to compel vessels bringing alien seamen to our shores
to take out an equal number when leaving, but, if so, we have so far
sought for it in vain. Such a law would place responsibility directly
where it belongs — on the ship. I believe it would quickly discourage

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 15

the practice now so prevalent of overmanning ships in foreign ports
with nondescripts whose one and only interest in securing a berth
is the opportunity it affords to secure a foothold in the United States.

BOOTLEGGING OF ALIENS

Since the placmg on the statute books of restrictive legislation and
as a consequence of more recent numerical limitation of immigration,
the bootlegging of aliens — a lucratively attractive field of endeavor
for the lawlessly inclined — has grown to be an industry second in
importance only to the bootlegging of liquor. In fact the two not
infrequently go hand m hand. The bootlegger of liquor is versatile;
expediency and profit are his chief, if not only, concern. Is money
lackmg for investment m liquor? — then a load of aliens. Handling
the latter necessitates no cash outlay; in fact, it means ready money,
cash in hand, before the start is made, with more to follow upon
delivery at destination. The retainer is frequently in proportion to
the ability of the alien to pay and the hazards involved, but mainly
his ability to pay. True, this elastic schedule does not so fully obtain
among the better organized and more reputable bootleggers. The
rates of the latter are fixed. "Take it or leave it" is their rule — no cutting
of price ; but, on the other hand, the more reputable bootlegger will not
abandon his cargo at an isolated spot a few miles inland upon the pretext
of going to some filling station to replenish his supply of gasoline or to
secure food. Nor will he, abandoning all pretense, hold up his charges at
the point of a gun and strip them of theii* last penn3^ Such methods
are left to the freebooters of the industry, men who do not value their
reputations. The bootlegger of aliens is more frequently than not
an alien himself. If he deals fairly, he builds up a good thriving
business, and his prestige grows, particularly among his own country-
men. But the candidate for unofficial entry who is without sufficient
funds to employ this high-grade talent must resort to the price cutter
and trust that he will not be betrayed. The credulous ones take an
awful risk, but the lot of the fellow who embarks upon the venture
alone and wholly unaided is indeed a hard one, if not hopeless, unless,
of course, he has selected as his objective a populous center in the
promised land close to the border, where he can quickly lose his
identity among the resident population.

Cuba and the Bahama Islands continue to be relay stations or
bases from which entry to Florida is sought by the proscribed alien,
but with the continued strengthening of the immigration border
patrol in that section, the latter does not enjoy the same popularity
among the smuggling fraternity as formerly.

Our land frontiers, especially in the neighborhood of cities and
towns of any size, and particularly industrial centers, continue to
offer an enticing prospect to the alien bent upon breaking into our
country. As shown elsewhere in this report under the heading
"Border patrol," over 12,000 such aliens were apprehended by officers
of that arm of the Immigration Service; in addition to which over
1,400 were turned back and directed to proper channels.

The methods employed by professional smugglers are continually
changing. It is a war of wits between the smugglers and the patrol.
The effectiveness of the latter is proportionate to its mobility, scouting
radius, absence of fixed formula, and the number of men engaged.

16 EEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

Finding his way into this country unchallenged in the air, the boot-
legger of aliens is more and more frequently going aloft. This is a
condition that threatens to grow rapidly and soon to get out of hand
unless ways and means to combat it are supplied in the no distant
future. An ounce of prevention will be worth a pound of cure in the
way of subsequent deportation. A few planes and trained fliers now
will go a long way toward putting a quietus on this new and threatening
development in the smuggling game, but allowed to grow unchecked,
indefinitely, it will, it is feared, prove all but impossible of eradication
without the outlay of tremendous sums of money.

The bootlegged alien is by all odds the least desirable. Whatever
else may be said of him: Whether he be diseased or not, whether he
holds views inimical to our institutions, he at best is a law violator
from the outset and one whose entrance should be prevented if possible
rather than merely penalized by deportation.

BORDER PATROL

The origin, development, and scope of operation of this vitally
important arm of the Immigration Service have been fairly set forth
in the reports for the fiscal years 1925 and 1926. Nevertheless, it
is felt that some amplification along these lines is pertinent and
needful.

The year just closed marks the third of this organization's existence
and has proved by all odds the one most filled with useful endeavor
and achievement.

Beginning July 1, 1924, with an appropriation of $1,000,000 the
personnel of the organization was recruited during the fiscal year
1925 to a maximum of 472. The million dollar appropriation was
conincident as to date of effectiveness with the latest expression of
the will of Congress respecting quota limitations and the adoption of
further restrictions upon the admission of aliens ineligible to citi-
zenship.

For the fiscal year 1926, $1,000,000 was again provided by Con-
gress for the border patrol, and later in the same year $150,000
additional. The activities of the border patrol were, by the terms
of the appropriation act, extended to embrace the seaboard in addi-
tion to the land borders. The personnel was expanded to a maxi-
mum strength of 632 employees.

For the fiscal year of 1927, just closed, the appropriation was
increased to $1,500,000 and the personnel to a maximum authorized
strength of 781 employees, consisting at the close of the j^ear of 1
supervisor, 4 assistant superintendents, 30 chief patrol inspectors,
170 senior patrol inspectors, 537 patrol inspectors, 24 clerks, 13 motor
mechanics, and 2 laborers.

During the first two years of the organization's existence limitations
upon the purchase of motor equipment necessitated the procurement
of automobiles under a system of allowances made to individual
patrolmen ouiiing cars. This was wholly unsatisfactory, the amount
which it was possible to allow in any case being so limited as to make
it impossible for any patrolman to operate his car, except within a
very limited radius, without financial loss. Congress remedied this
situation for the fiscal year 1927, with the result that it was possible
to do away with the wholly unsatisfactory makeshift allowance

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 17

system and in its place to substitute Government-owned motor
equipment. This equipment, added to that already owned, resulted
in a complement of 232 automobiles, 14 trucks, and 6 motorcycles.
In addition to these, 30 horse and pack-horse allowances were made.

Barracks or office quarters, or a combmation of both, have now
been provided for nearly all subdistrict headquarters throughout the
territory covered by the patrol, and these subdistricts, with outposts,
extend for many miles (several hundred in some mstances) along the
frontiers. Each frontier immigration district is a border-patrol
district, of which there are 11 in all, with headquarters respectively
at Seattle, Spokane, Grand Forks, Detroit, Buffalo, Montreal,
Jacksonville, New Orleans, San Antonio, El paso, and Los Angeles.
The failure of passage in the last session of Congress of the second
deficiency bill, carrying $200,000 for expenses of regulating immigra-
tion, necessitated the slowing down of activities of the border patrol
during the last quarter of the year. In other words, the adriiinistra-
tive officers of the Immigration Service were without adequate funds
with which to handle the business produced by the border patrol,
notwithstanding which the sum total of results accomplished by the
border patrol during the year, as disclosed by the subjoined table,
are highly gratifying, notably the 19,382 persons apprehended and
delivered to other officials, 832 alien smugglers captured, 786 auto-
mobiles seized, 303 boats and other conveyances seized, and, last
but not least, the 12,098 smuggled aliens captured. Many thousands
of the smuggled aliens captured elected voluntarily to depart rather
than compel resort to formal deportation proceedings.

The border patrol is a young man's organization; it appeals strongly
to the lover of the big outdoors — the primeval forests, the sunparched
deserts, the mountains, and the plains; the business upon which it
is engaged calls for manhood, stamina, versatility, and resourceful-
ness in the highest degree. "Honor first" is its watchword; priva-
tions and danger but serve as a challenge which none refuses. Unfail-
ing courtesy to all, and helpfulness to the helpless in distress, are
emphasized above every other requisite. These young men are
proud of their jobs — proud of their organization — with a code of
ethics unsurpassed by any similar organization of this or any other
day. In the three short years of its existence it has created a price-
less store of traditions. The pride of these men in their organization
is equaled only by the pride and esteem in which they are held by the
communities in which they operate. Spontaneous testimonials of
this esteem are being constantly received by the bureau. To an
almost unbelievable extent the border patrol is self-governing. Its
members must be left largely to their own devices and upon their
honor. The weight of popular disapproval of his fellow officers is
more potent with the erring one than all the printed regulations
humanly possible to devise. The uniform is sacred; it not only
symbolizes authority, the law's majesty and all the power of the
Federal Government, but it entails obligations upon the wearer in
the way of deportment which are intuitively recognized and scrupu-
lously observed.

Ex-service men predominate in the border patrol; they must be
and are physically fit; they are accustomed to discipline, take readily
to it, and like it; they are charged with a serious responsibility and
keenly realize it. In the vast majority of cases their work is a
religion.

18

EEPOKT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

It is the constant aim of the bureau to minimize paper work in the
border patrol, without sacrificing the essentials, and in this endeavor
it is believed to have been singularly successful.

While charged primarily with the duty of apprehending violators
of our immigration laws, it follows naturally and inevitably that the
performance of these duties brings the patrolmen into contact with
violators of many other laws — Federal, State, and municipal. These
offenders are gathered in and delivered to the proper law-enforcement
officers. Aliens figure largely on our coasts and land borders as
smugglers of contraband. Particularly does this hold true of the
Mexican Border where easily 95 per cent of the smuggling fraternity
is alien. While these alien outlaws violate many different laws —
prohibition, customs, public health, narcotics, horticultural, animal
industry, neutrality, and so on, they one and all violate the immigra-
tion law, in the time, place, and manner of their entry.

In last year's annual report mention was made of the fact that the
personnel of the border patrol should be brought up to at least 1,000
members. The experience of the past year has only served to
strengthen and confirm the conviction in this respect.

For the ensuing fiscal year the appropriation for the border patrol
has been fixed, but for the year 1929 a minimum of $2,000,000 has
been asked for with which efficiently to operate. Even if this sum
is supplied it will fall far short of producing a complement of 1,000
employees in the border patrol, in fact, after making due allowances
for vacancies, sick and annual leave, we would have a paper strength
of 924 employees, and an average actual effective strength of but
784 members.

Before closing this subject, I wish to pay tribute to those brave
men of the border patrol who have made the supreme sacrifice in the
line of duty. These heroes have died less gloriously, perhaps, but
no less honorably than those who have given their lives on the battle-
fields for their country. The bureau's files are replete with stories
of courage, devotion to duty, and sacrifice rivaling anything afforded
by fiction.

Honor roll

Name

Where killed

Date of death

Frank H. Clark

August D. De La Pena '
William W. McKee

Lon Parker

Thad Pippin

El Paso, Tex

Rio Grande City, Tex

Near Alambre ranch, 40 miles

south of Tucson, Ariz.
Near Willis ranch, Huachuca

Mountains, Ariz.
In mountains near El Paso, Tex

Dec. 13, 1924
Aug. 3, 1925
Apr. 23, 1926

July
Apr.

25, 1926
21, 1927

• Killed by an insane Mexican. The other men were killed by smugglers.

These men responded above and beyond the call of duty. The
widows and orphans of the dead uncomplainingly face the world
deprived of their natural protectors. The husbands and fathers
entered the service with a full knowledge of its hazzards, but it does
seem, nevertheless, that a more liberal provision than that afforded
by the compensation act should be provided in this class of cases.
The men in the border patrol constantly face hazards in contact with

EEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

19

desperadoes and outlaws who shoot and shoot to kill immediately
they are challenged, and even though the performance of their duties
forces them not infrequently to engage in mortal combat, they con-
stantly face the necessitj^ of defending their liberty and lives as best
they may in State or county courts if they kill an outlaw. Every
consideration of fairness and consistency demands that the same
safeguards be thrown about these men and the same immunities
extended to them as are accorded any and all other Federal officers,
including the right of trial in Federal courts and defense at the hands
of United States attorneys.

Activities of immigration border patrol during the fiscal year ended June SO, 1927

Miles patrolled, total 4, 559, 838

By motor 3, 817, 054

By railroad 279,856

By horse 74, 931

By boat 7, 208

By airplane 252

Afoot 380,537

TRAINS, BUSSES, ETC., WITH PASSENGERS ON SAME, EXAMINED

Number Passengers

Total 713,931 1,452,721

Freight trains 71,682 39,817

Passenger trains 90, 138 241, 409

Automobiles 492, 210 945, 529

Busses 31,046 160, 627

Boats 11,985 31,533

Other conveyances 16,870 33,806

Pedestrians 296, 660

Persons questioned 1, 265, 690

Investigations 3, 644

Warrants of arrest served 99

Smugglers of aliens captured 832

Smuggled aliens captured 12, 098

Aliens turned back (Canadians, 389; Mexicans, 896; others,. 162) __ 1,447

Persons
appre-
hended

Seizmes

Delivered to-

Automobiles

other convey-
ances

Liquor

Miscel-
laneous,
contra-
band,
estimated
value

Num-
ber

Esti-
mated
value

Num-
ber

Esti-
mated
value

Quantity

(in

quarts)

Esti-
mated
value

Total

19, 382

786

$335, 252

303

$77, 995

263, 613

$366, 004

$30, 687

Immigration

17, 225

1,173

232

10

5

191

106

410

49
446
192

1

25, 565

175, 961

87, 811

750

29
195
74

9,445
24, 385
41, 575

60

Customs

102, 159
152,930

152,794
203, 360

3,102

Prohibition

1,288

Narcotics.

6,138

Agriculture

1

40

19

Justice

33

21,200

14, 923

Army and Navy

1,142

State and municipal

65

23, 965 4

2,550

8,524

9,850

4,015

Total estimated value of seizures, $809,938.

20 EEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAl. OF IMMIGKATION

ADMINISTRATIVE HNES

During the past fiscal year the department unposed fines upon
vessels bringing aliens, for violations of various provisions of the
immigration laws, to the amount of S440,010, $79,000 of which,
owing largely to the financial irresponsibility of the carriers, had
not been collected up to the close of the year.

Suits (in personam) brought under section 27 of the act of 1924
netted $17,350. Collections in connection with suits in rem are
accounted for by the Attorney General, in consequence of which no
figures relative thereto are available.

Passage money in the sum of $17,034.65 was ordered refunded by
the carriers to aliens found inadmissible.

The amount of fines assessed during the past year, $440,010, as
compared with $644,540 of the year immediately preceding, reflects
increasing efficiency of inspection abroad and a continued willingness
on the part of steamship companies to cooperate — ^a most wholesome
and gratifying state of affairs.

FINANCIAL STATEMENT

An appropriation of $6,226,705 for the conduct of the Immigration
Service and the administration of laws pertaining to immigration
was made by Congress for the fiscal year covered by this report
apportioned as follows:

For the enforcement of laws regulating immigration into the United

States $4, 584, 865

Coast and land border patrol 1, 500, 000

For physical maintenance and upkeep of immigration stations 50, 000

For salaries, Bureau of Immigration 91, 840

Total 6, 226, 705

The net amount expended during the year for all purposes, after
deducting refunds to the appropriation for expenditures not properly
chargeable to the Government, was $6,190,260.75, leaving an unex-
pended balance of $36,444.25.

Balanced against the expenditures mentioned, there was collected,
as hereinafter shown, the sum of $4,267,782.58, making the actual
net cost of operation $1,922,478.17.

Income and sources thereof

Head tax collected $3, 341, 032. 10

Administrative fines 392, 561. 69

Reentry permits and extensions 333, 915. 00

Bonds forfeited and paid without suit 197, 931. 13

Sale of exclusive privileges (feeding, money exchange, etc.) 1, 187. 93

Sale of Government property 722. 43

Miscellaneous collections 86. 25

Coin-box collections, ElHs Island, New York Harbor 346. 05

Total.. _ 4, 267, 782. 58-

SEASONAL LABOR

If the Congress in its wisdom should see fit to place the Western
Hemisphere under the quota system (and franldy I can not but feel
that the decision so to do is inevitable, when consideration is given.

EEPOKT OF THE COMMISSIONEE GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 21

to" the many compelling influences thereto), it may be that with the
adoption of proper safeguards a practical plan temporarily to admit
seasonal unskilled labor, where like kind unemployed is not available,
may be evolved. Frankly, I perceive many difficulties in the way of
an effective control of aliens so admitted, but it occurs to me that
the problem might be susceptible of solution.

CITIZENSHIP AND THE ALIEN

The acid test of any civilization, nation, or system of government
is the men and women it produces, and with equal truth it may be
said that the acid test of the men and women of any time is the
nation and system of government they evolve, the conditions of
living they develop.

To say that good immigration makes good citizenship, is to state
a self-evident truth, a fact so obvious that its bare assertion seems
superfluous; nevertheless, I am impressed by a seeming apathy upon
the part of the public as a whole to this vitally important truth. I
can not and do not believe that this seeming indifference upon the
part of Americans is due to anything more than a failure fully to
appreciate the relationship between the two.

True, we have but recently sharply curtailed the volume of im-
migration annually flowing through our ports from the Old World.
We long ago excluded Chinese laborers, and we have declared, by
the act of 1924, that with certain exceptions aliens ineligible to
citizenship may not enter except under existing treaty stipulations.
But who are these aliens ineligible to citizenship? Considered in
the mass rather than individually, they are — so far as the courts
have interpreted the statutory inhibitions against naturalization —
Chinese, Japanese, and Hindus. These decisions of the courts have
been based upon ethnic considerations. The major test of eligi-
bility to citizenship is racial. The immigration laws, with certain
exceptions, as already stated, bar these inehgibles from entry. But
it does not follow that all aliens not barred from the United States
will make good citizens. Evidence of the fallacy of any such belief
is steadily growing. It is exceedingly vital in my opinion that we
should have an aroused national consciousness in matters relating,
to citizenship. The raw material of our future citizenship pours
through our ports from the Western Hemisphere without numerical
limitation. Is it good citizenship material? We know much of it
is not. True, we can exclude from admission the alien who pro-
claims himself a deep red, but there are all shades of dissenters, and
upon application for admission, these, with rare exceptions, declare
no beliefs inimical to our institutions. It is not until after they get
in that they assert themselves, and in so doing they are usually
careful to avoid saying or doing openly the things that would subject
them to expulsion under existing statutes.

It seems to me that the most vitally important task ahead of us
is to work out some better plan than we now have of determining
not only what aliens seeking to enter our country will readily assimi-
late, but who will as well assist in maintaining the ideals upon which
our country was founded.

I believe that the examinations at our ports of entry should go
further than the law now appears to contemplate, and that Congress

22 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

should f^ive consideration to the advisability and practicability of
requiring appropriate tests to determine whether alien applicants
for permanent admission are good citizenship material, with a view
to the rejection of those found to be otherwise.

LEGISLATION RECOMMENDED

In my last annual report I made certain recommendations for
legislation to render the administration of the immigration laws more
consistent and efficient. These recommendations are, with some
exceptions and modifications, herein renewed and added to in the
light of another year's experience.

First. That the exemption from the operation of the illiteracy
inhibition as set forth in section 3 of the immigration act of 1917
reading "All aliens who have been lawfully'' admitted to the United
States and who have resided therein continuously for five years and
who return to the United States within six months from the date of
their departure therefrom" be broadened so as to provide that aliens
holding valid unexpired reentry permits shall not be excluded because
of illiteracy, and that subdivision F of section 10 of the immigration
act o^ 1924 be also amended so as to harmonize with the amendment
of section 3 of the act of 1917 as proposed.

Second. That statutory grounds for both exclusion and deportation
be broadened and that the whole body of law dealing with immi-
gration be codified in the manner and for the reasons set forth in my
last annual report.

Third. That section 8 of the immigration act of 1917 be amended
to provide a specific penalty for the offense of harboring and con-
cealing smuggled aliens, in view of decisions of certain courts that
this clause of section 8 is inoperative because Congress did not in
clear language provide a penalty for the oft'ense.

Fourth. I believe further that aliens deliberately entering the United
States surreptitiously should be made subject to criminal prosecution.

Fifth. If the Congress should not see fit to make it a criminal act
for aliens generally surreptitiously to enter the United States, then
it would seem that it should not hesitate to make it a crime at least
for the criminal, diseased, immoral, and anarchistic classes so to
enter, arid in any event to penalize by imprisonment the surrepti-
tious reentry of any alien previously excluded or deported.

Sixth. That natives of countries of the Western Hemisphere be
brought within the quota provisions of existing law and that section 4
(c) thereof be repealed. As previously stated, it is felt that migration
from this source stands no less in need of limitation than the migra-
tion of our parent stock from Europe. The design of the present law
is obviously to bring to our shores in reasonable numbers the races
and peoples from which we are chiefly descendant. I can not recon-
cile the unlimited flow of immigrants from the Western Hemisphere
with the sharp curtailment of immigrants from Europe.

Seventh. That omission from section 15 of the immigration act of
1924 of authority to require bond in appropriate cases in connection
with the admission of immigrant students be remedied. Liberality
should be extended to those who seek to avail themselves of our
educational institutions, but at the same time I feel there should be
authority, in the interest of good administration, to exact a bond

EEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONEE GENEEAL, OF IMMIGKATION 23

where desirable of immigrant students admitted, conditioned for their
departure from the United States. The present situation works to
the disadvantage of the alien in obliging the port officials to exclude
in a doubtful case, whereas if bond were possible, doubts might be
resolved in favor of the applicant in many instances without jeopardy
to the accomplishment of the general purposes of the act.

Eighth. That a nonquota status in the issuance of immigration
visas be given to the dependent parents over 60 years of age, to the
husband, and to the children between the ages of 18 and 21 of citizens
of the United States. The number who would be benefited by this
modification of existing law is not large, and I believe considerations
of fairness and humanity fully support my recommendation. Cer-
tainly citizen wives should have the right to petition for nonquota
status in behalf of their alien husbands, just as American husbands
now have that right in respect of their alien wives.

Ninth. That legislation be enacted authorizing the seizure and
forfeiture of vehicles or vessels used to import aliens into the United
States in violation of the provisions of the immigration laws, or to
transport them thereafter pursuant to such illegal importation and
to permit the Immigration Service to make use of such vehicles and
vessels after they have been ordered forfeited by the courts.

Tenth. That legislative authority be granted, to be exercised
within the discretion of the Commissioner General with the approval
of the Secretary of Labor, to legalize the residence of aliens in meri-
torious cases by means of nunc pro tunc examinations to be held by
immigrant inspectors, coupled with a physical and mental examina-
tion by officers of the United States Public Health Service. The
problem of the decent and law-abiding alien in our midst (who has
formed ties of various sorts, often including families) whose original
entry was attended by irregularity — possibly a failure of the officers
to inspect, or mcompleteness of record, or perhaps unwitting and
wholly innocent failure to submit himself for inspection at the proper
time and place, and all before any quota restrictions became effective —
is a real and difficult one. Many such aliens deserve some special
consideration. Perhaps they desire to leave the country and return;
but, in the absence of a proper record of legal permanent admission,
no relief can be accorded them. If they depart from the country they
must in returning thereto be subject to all the restrictions imposed
upon initial entrants. They can not become United States citizens,
and the presence in the United States of this miassimilated element is
undesirable in the extreme.

Eleventh. I desire to reiterate and urge that provision be made for
the payment of the traveling expenses of officers and employees of this
service, and the expenses incurred in the moving of their families and
household effects pursuant to official transfers in the line of duty.
Ever-changing conditions in the Immigration Service render it
imperative that personnel should be shifted about with considerable
frequency. For an officer or employee to be forced in the line of duty
to give up his home and move to another official station, all at his own
expense, is absolutely unjust.

Twelfth. That a schedule of pay for officers and employees of the
Immigration Service stationed outside continental United States be
formulated and authorized by Congress in line with rates of pay
granted other civilian officers and employees performing duty overseas

24 REPOKT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

of equivalent importance; that automatic increases up to at least
$3,000 per annum for immigrant inspectors stationed in continental
United States, be authorized, contingent upon efficient service.

Thirteenth. That adequate buildings be provided for the care of
aliens detained in deportation proceedings. At present such aliens
are largely confined in jails.

Fourteenth. The Secretary of Labor should be given broader powers
to^'admit aliens in hardship cases — political refugees, artists, and intel-
lectual geniuses, and wives of aliens admitted for permanent resi-
dence prior to July 1, 1924, who have declared their intention to
become citizens of the United States. With wise lunitations and
restrictions this power can be safely conferred upon the department
without danger of abuse.

Fifteenth. That appropriate adaptability tests be authorized, with
a view to determine whether an alien applying for admission to the
United States is good citizenship material and that authority be
given to exclude from admission those failing in such tests.

Sixteenth. As indicated elsewhere in this report the border
patrol should be materially strengthened. A more liberal provision
than that aftorded by the compensation act, should be provided for
the widows and orphans of those killed in line of duty. The same
safeguards should be thrown about the members of the border patrol
and the same immunities extended to them as are accorded any and
all other Federal law-enforcement officers, the performance of whose
duties involves hazards to life, including the right of trial in Federal
courts and defense at the hands of United States attorneys.

Seventeenth. Statistics continue to show that a very substantial
volume of alien visitors, or nonmimigrants, is admitted each year.
These aliens are not presumed to stay here permanently and with
the careful scrutiny given their cases by the American consuls abroad,
assisted by technical advisers and by administrative officers at the
ports of entry, I doubt that any considerable proportion is abusing
the privilege to evade the quota. However, I do feel that the number
is sufficiently large to warrant a more careful check upon them than
is possible at the present tune with the force available. To do this
work properly, to msure departure of those who should depart, we
should have an additional inspection and clerical staff. The efforts
of such a staff would undoubtedly have a salutary effect as a deterrent
and at the same time do much to educate the public in a feature of the
law that is not clearly understood. A system of keeping check on
overstayed visitors in this country would likewise enable the depart-
ment more intelligently and satisfactorily to pass upon applications
for extensions of time.

DISCUSSION OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS

FIELD

I am convinced that a plan should be placed in operation whereby
admitted aliens will be furnished with certificates of identification
for their own protection and for the assistance of immigration officers
in determining their status when any such admitted aliens are made
the subject of investigation. Such certificates of identification would

EEPOKT OF THK COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 25

meet a long-felt need and one which has been repeatedly urged by-
field officers.

I believe that consideration should be given to the question of
designating certain of the more important coast and land border
ports as schools for the training on the job of immigrant inspectors
and border patrol inspectors, and, v.dth this in view, that probational
appointees should be initially assigned to such places and thereafter
to other stations as need of their services thereat arises, such reassign-
ments to be made, however, only after the new appointee has satis-
factorily completed his period of probation. Probationers failing to
measure up to the requirements should be promptly dropped from
the rolls at the training points. A system of training of this sort
would not only make for uniformity of standards of efficiency and
uniformity of practices, but would obviate the necessity of assigning
green, inexperienced, untrained men to new jobs or vacancies where
but little, if any, opportunity is afforded to give them special atten-
tion. Such a system would require a comparatively small increase
in the personnel. Vacancies at the training points, resulting from
the transfer of trained personnel, would be immediately filled by the
appointment of new probationers. Field officers generally find the
new appointees of relatively little value for the first six months or
longer. In fact they are more frequently than not a distinct lia-
bility, especially where, as is almost invariably the case, the field
staff is functioning with a minimum number of employees.

I wish to invite particular attention to the fact that our field service
is undermanned. It is impossible for it to attend to many vitally
important matters pressing for attention. Hundreds if not thousands
of reports of aliens unlawfully in the 'United States or engaged in
unlawful activities have to remain unattended to, only the most
flagrant receiving attention. Last January a survey of our penal
institutions, insane asylums, hospitals and poorhouses disclosed over
113,000 alien inmates. How many of these were subject to deporta-
tion could onl}^ be ascertained by individual and, in many cases,
long-drawn-out investigations — interviewing of friends, relatives,
and the like, scattered throughout the country. The officers who
made the preliminary survey had to return to their pressing tasks
as quickly as possible. The essential task of investigating the individ-
ual inmates of these institutions and of deporting those subject to
deportation, thereby relieving the institutions of such burdens,
could not be attended to then, nor can it be attended to now, because
of the lack of officers to do the work.

BUREAU

Despite every effort to systemize the work of the bureau, the
adoption of shortcuts and the elimination of every operation that is
not vitally essential, the bureau generally is understaffed. We are
constantly taking help from one division where the need is somewhat
less urgent to help out in another that has fallen behind — borrowing
from Peter to pay Paul. The financial rewards offered are not
sufficient to attract and retain the best talent. Trained and efficient
employees leave us for higher pay in other walks of life and even in
other departments of the Government.

26 EEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

CONCLUSION

In conclusion I desire to express my appreciation of the splendid
service rendered during the year just closed by the loyal, efficient
workers in the field and in the bureau, and to thank you and the
other officials of the department for the sympathetic and helpful
aid at all times extended.
Respectfully submitted.

Harry E. Hull,

Commissioner General.

APPENDIX

STATISTICS OF IMMIGRATION

27

APPENDIX— STATISTICS OF IMMIGRATION

Table 1. — Aliens admitted, departed, debarred, and deported, and United States
citizens arrived and departed, fiscal years ended June 30, 1926 and 1927, by
ports

Port

1926

Aliens admitted

Immi-
grant

Non-
immi-
grant

Total

United
States
citi-
zens
arrived

Aliens

de-
barred

Aliens departed

Emi-
grant

Non-
emi-
grant

Total

United Aliens
States i de-
citi- 'ported
zens 1 after
de- I land-
parted ing J

All ports

Atlantic, total

New York, N. Y

Boston, Mass

Philadelphia, Pa

Baltimore, Md...

Canadian Atlantic...

Portland, Me

New Bedford, Mass

Providence, R. I

Newport News, Va.

Norfolk, Va....

Savannah, Ga

Miami, Fla...

Kev West, Fla

Other Gulf

Gulf of Mexico, total-
Tampa, Fla

Pensacola, Fla

Mobile, A]a

New Orleans, La

Galveston, Tex

Other Gulf

Pacific, total.

San Francisco, Calif

Portland, Oreg

Seattle, \Vash

Canadian Pacific

Mexican border seaports

Land border, total

Canadian border

Mexican border

Others, total

Alaska

Hawaii

Porto Rico

304, 488 191, 618 496, 106

370,757 20,550

76,992 150,763 227,755

372, 480

10, 904

164,302!l36,977 301, 279

332, 437 2, 077

149,

289 119, 24l!268, 530
0251 3,340 11,365

661

36

,275

42

2

,214

8

13

7

150

,167

311

23

3,440

33

162

1,861

517
1
29
744
194
1

4,104

2,144
10

1,444
133
373

134, 282

91, 786
42, 496

314

28
168
118

4

7

1,446

7,091

18

5,336

2,109

8

63

2,992

163

1

377

59

7,715

75

164

3,075

S

17

14

1,596

8,258

26

6,822

263, 170

7,577

229

215

9,087

33

36

1, 593

21

278,

2

6,851

43,329

35

66,497,114,717 181,214

329, 857

1,544

77

123

99

25

4

6

5

21

23

9

30
87
24

58,096

4,660

64

27

1,166

9

11

1,026

10, 837 34'

1

3

267

1,166

1

743

2,626

9

92

3,736

357

2

12,676: 16,:

5211

9, 533|

683

4

38
6
34
227
32
10

12

486
244

10,310 464

4,934

6,895i 9,039

5' 15

2, 108 3, 552i

3, 2131 3, 346

455

32, 893

14. 446

18. 447

3,736

!09
2,249
1,378

167, 175

106, 232
60, 943

4,050

13
2,417
1,496

5, 825:
4
1,996
1,257
1,228

11,436

216

117

112

19

17,563

2,092
17

1,996
407
422

4,445

10, 625'

811

5, 737i

15, 808
1,755

1,856
2,589

373

36
2, 057,
3, 644

20
212
141

,173 156,269

,037

39 103

27

3,081

42

12

1,429

,915

33

1

403

268, 678

7, 781
1621
1751

5, 295

12j

3l

457!

^1
764i
3431

II

2,031

9,509

2

28

6,365

40, 692

21

2, 734| 3, 477

236

237

406

27 39

1, 772 2, 258

699 943

42

9,173

782

13,544 18,478

12, 912

7,447
59
2,128
2,064
1,846

14, 227

12,337
1, 890:

9,539
76
4,124
2,471
2,268

18, 672

6, 274j
34
2,346
1, 355!
2, 903:

14, 193
4,479

5,541 5,914

11,668:
470

7,170

1
3,920
1,620

21
4,132
1,761

11
3,069
4,090

3,539

2,285

185

154

75

459

8

5

32

21

55

33

28

45

154

10, 403 1 470

43
12
34
183
181
17

617

255
41

178
31

112

12, 1381 6, 245

2,904
3,341

33

• These aliens are included among aliens departed, they having entered the United States, legally or
llegally, at the ports indicated, and later deported.

29

30

EEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

Table 1.— Aliens admitted, departed, debarred, and deported, and United Stales
citizens arrived and departed, fiscal years ended June 30, 1926 and 1927, by
ports

1927

Port

Aliens admitted

United
States
citi-
zens
arrived

Aliens

de-
barred

Aliens departed

United
States
citi-
zens
de-
parted

Aliens
(ie-

Immi-
grant

Non-
immi-
grant

Total

Emi-
grant

Non-
emi-
grant

Total

ported
after
land-
ing

All ports. . . .

335, 175

202, 826

538, 001

378, 520

19, 755

73, 366

180, I42J253, 508

369, 788

11.662

Atlantic, total

180, 116J150,840

330, 956

334, 915

2,007

62, 203

124, 427

186, 630

325, 397

3,061

New York, N. Y

165, 510'l32, 283

8,080: 4,224

lOO! 173

45! 40

2,952 3,844

9 14

6 106

1, 659 2, 188

8 5

111 15

9, 11

110[ 1,710

1,593 6,206

24' 21

l,70o! 4,833

207, 793

12, 304

273

85

6,796

23

112

3,847

13

26

20

1,820

7.799

45

6, 533

269,026

7.251

370

69

10, 427

11

55

1,839

4

420

12, 050

33, 350

36

10,240

1,319
93
119
139
33
3
14
21
38
102
2
39
46
39

360

55, 538

3,730

7

37

839

107, 754

4,149

30

9

2,772

163, 292

7,879

37

46

3,611

265, 508

7, 967

193

154

9,412

1,961

Boston, Mass

Philadelphia, Pa

162
206

Baltimore, Md

161

Canadian Atlantic

128

Portland, Me

23

New Bedford, Mass...

21

Providence, R. I

659

272

931

465

5

4

20

10, 235

31, 426

8

9,998

23

Newi)ort News, Va

Norfolk, Va

""373
1,020

589

1

4

1,809

7,625

2

2,932

1

4

2,182

8, 645

2

3,521

87

Savannah, Ga

30

Miami. Fla..

38

Key West, Fla

56

Other Qulf

130

Gulf of Mexico, total..

730

Tampa, Fla

520

1

34

903

240

2

4,410

1,566
2

08
3,021

176

13,952

2,086

3

102

3,924

416

2

18,362

175

204

9,278

578

5

15,230

26
11
12
263
43
5

644

8

314

322

64

91

Pensacola, Fla.

18

Mobile, .\la

3
376
202

21

2,124

473

24

2,500

675

9,433
444

39

New Orleans, La

342

Galveston, Tex

220

Other Qulf

20

Pacific, total

5,863

14,308

20,171

14, 746

518

San Francisco, Calif

Portland, Oreg

2,512
6

1,011
203
678

148, 588

7.539

9

2,583

3,112

709

28,371

10, 051
15
3,594
3, 315
1,387

176, 959

8,085
5
3,154
1,499
2,507

10, 612

296

4

195

72

77

16,644

2.725
13

2,086
465
574

3,924

7,637
86
1,845
2,518
2,222

32,008

10, 362
99
3,931
2,983
2,796

35, 932

7,389
20
2,403
1,180
3, 7,54

11,510

224
35

Seattle, Wash

98

Canadian Pacific

34

Mexican border seaports

Land border, total

127
7,331

Canadian border

81, 982
66,606

361

13, 438
14, 933

4,830

95, 420
81,539

5,191

9,176
1,436

7,523

14,686
1,958

100

1,614
2,310

787

22,735
9,273

6,467

24,349
11, 583

7,254

11, 109
401

8, 137

4,024

Mexican border

3,307

Others, total

22

Alaska

34
192
135

132
3,109
1,589

166
3,301
1,724

47
3,220
4,256

32
40
28

8
644
135

1
4,798
1,668

9
5,442
1,803

'"'4,' 228
3,909

1

Hawaii..

14

Porto Rico.

7

EEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

31

Table 2.- — Net increase or decrease of -population by admission and departure of
aliens, fiscal years ended June 30, 19^^4, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by semiannual
periods and months

Month

Fiscal year, total .
Six months, total.

July -

August

September.

October

November.
December.

Six months, total.

January. .
February.

March

April

May

June

Fiscal year, total..
Six months, total. .

July

August

September

October

November

December _

Six months, total. _

January

February. -

March

.A.pril

May

June

Fiscal year, total

Six months, total

July

August

September

October

November

December

Six months, total

January

February _

March

April

May

June

1924

Admitted

Immi-
grant

Nonim-
migrant

Total

706,896 172,406

499, 863

85. 336

85,542 I
88, 286
89,431
88,028
92, 782
55, 794

207, 033

33, 878
29, 901
35, 585
38, 375
32, 985
36, 309

13, 039
13, 688
18,22!
15,490
12,611
12,287

87, 070

10, 476
10, 842
13, 271
17,190
16, 230
19,061

879, 302

585, 199

98, 581
101,974
107, 652
103, 518
105, 393

68, 081

294, 103

44, 354
40, 743
48, 856
55, 565
49, 215
55, 370

Departed

Emi-
grant

76, 789

44, 299

8,041
6,489
6,073
7,291
6,925
9,480

32, 490

5,723
3.706
4,202
5, 394
6,634
6,831

Nonemi-
grant

139, 956

75, 910

14,213
12,267
10,245
13, 856
11,607
13, 722

64, 016

8,689
7,880
7,983
10, 546
14, 457
14, 491

Total

216,745

120, 209

22,254
18,756
16,318
21, 147
18, 532
23,202

96, 536

14,412
11,586
12. 185
15, 940
21,091
21,322

Increase

(+)or

decrease

(-)

+662. 557

+464, 990

+76, 327
+83, 218
+91, 334
+82,371
+86, 861
+44, 879

+197, 567

+29, 942
+29. 157
+36, 671
+39, 625
+2S, 124
+34, 048

1925

294, 314

147, 737

11,661
23,290
27,941
27, 402
29, 345
28,098

164, 121

84, 955

11,112
13,966
20, 057
17,822
12, 386
9,612

146,577 I 79,166

20,952
20, 913
26, 619
26, 744
26,045
25, 304

9,915
12, 997
14, 345
16.905
16, 124

458, 435

232, 692

22, 773
37, 256
47, 998
45,224
41,731
37, 710

225, 743

29, 832
30,828
39, 616
41,089
42, 950
41,428

92,728

57,631

8,493
8,C33
8,671
8,941
8,605
14,288

35, 097

6,183
4,087
4,993
5,684
8,403
5,747

132, 762

77, 672

15,747
14, 738
14, 580
12, 067
9,645
10, 895

55,090

7,873
6,127
6, 759
9,708
11,859
12, 764

225, 490

135, 303

24,240
23,371
23. 251
21,008
18, 250
25, 183

90,187

14, 056
10, 214
11,752
15, 392
20, 262
18,511

+232, 945

+97, 389

-1,467

+ 13,885
+24, 747
+24,216
+23,481
+ 12,527

+135, 556

+15, 776
+20, 614
+27, 864
+25, 697
+22, 688
+22,917

1926

304, 488

144, 148

18, 590
22,421
26, 721
28, 685
26,642
21,089

191, 618

09, 813

14,177
17, 052
23, 081
19,427
14, 860
11,216

160,340 I 91,805

19. 072
20, 041
29, 504
33, 400
33, 533
24, 790

10,661
10, 632
15, 182

17, 557
19, 244

18, 529

496, 106

243, 961

32, 767
39, 473
49, 802
48, 112
41, 502
32, 305

252, 145

29, 733
30, 673
44, 686
£0, 957
52, 777
43, 319

76, 992

150,763 227,755

46, 592

8,784
7, 5.39
7,200
7,674
6, 555
8,840

30, 400

5,286
3,232
3,457
4,989
5,861
7,575

81,020

17, 715
12, 978
12, 485
13, 264
11,915
12, 663

69, 743

9,795
8,451
8,982
10, 780
13, 660
18, 075

127, 612

26, 499
20, 517
19, 685
20, 938
18, 470
21, 503

100, 143

15, 081
11,683
12, 439
15, 769
19, 521
25, 650

+268, 351

+116,349

+6, 268
+18, 956
+30, 117
+27, 174
+23. 032
+10, 802

+152, 002

+14, 652
+18, 990
+32, 247
+35, 188
+33, 256
+17, 669

32

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

Table 2. — Net increase or decrease of population by admission and departure of
aliens, fiscal years ended June 30, 1924, 1925, 1926, and 1927, by semiannual
periods and months — Continued

1927

Month

Admitted

Departed

Increase
(+)or

Immi-
grant

Nonim-
migrant

Total

Emi-
grant

Nonemi-
grant

Total

decrease
(-)

Fiscal year, total

335, 175

202, 826

538,001

73, 366

180, 142

253, 508

+284, 493

Sis months, total

175,955

112,29rf

288, 245

42, 779

93, 528

136, 307

+151,938

July

22, 283
29, 286
35,297
34, 528
30, 756
23, 805

159, 220

16, 096
20, 467
25, 680
22, 059
16, 185
11.803

90, 536

38, 379
49, 753
60, 977
56, 587
46, 941
35, 608

249, 756

7,052
7,376
6,634
5,377
6,859
9,481

30, 587

17, 970
15, 410
16, 392
13, 803
13, 078
16, 875

86, 614

25, 022
22, 786
23,026
19, 180
19, 937
26, 356

117,201

+ 13,357

August

+26, 967

Seotember

+37, 951

October

+37, 407

November.

+27, 004

December ...

+9, 252

Six months, total

+132, 555

January

18, 804
21,695
29, 868
33, 034
31,819
24, 000

9,219
10, 379
16, 370
17,310
20, 899
16, 359

28, 023
32, 074
46, 238
50, 344
52. 718
40, 359

3,928
3,949
4,244
4,185
6,148
8,133

10, 053
12, 085

13, 502

14, 391
16, 978
19, 605

13, 981
16, 034
17,746
18, 576
23, 126
27, 738

+14,042

February

+16,040

March

+28, 492

April

+ 31,768

May

+29, 592

June

+12, 621

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

33

Table 3. — -Net increase or decrease of population, by admission and departure of
aliens, fiscal years ended June 30, 1926 and 1927, by countries

Country of last or iiltended future
permanent residence '

All countries

E urope, total .-.

Albania _

Austria- -.-

Belgium

Bulgaria

C zechoslovakia -.

Danzig, Free City of

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France, including Corsica...

Germany

Great Britain and Northern Ireland:

England

Northern Ireland

Scotland

Wales

Greece

Hungary

Irish Free State

Italy, including Sicily and Sardinia..

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxemburg

Netherlands

Norway ,

Poland

Portugal, including Azores, Cape

Verde, and Madeira Islands

Rumania. -

Russia...

Spain, including Canary and Balearic

Islands

Sweden

Switzerland

Turkey in Europe _

Yugoslavia

Otlier Europe ^

Asia, total

Armenia

China

India

Japan

Palestine

Persia _

Syria

Turkey in Asia _

Other Asia 3

America, total

1926

Aliens admitted

Immi-
grant

304, 488

155, 562

Nonim-
migrant

191,618

36, 890

10, 599

419

13,661

1,268

1,121

906

24, 478

8, 253

298

636

127

1,753

5,756

7,126

666
1,211
1,766

326
8,513
1,994

210
1,059

326

3,413

16
1,751

93
654
250

56
429

21
143

144, 393

158

10

1,102

559

718

537

175

34

2,953

344

210

23

2,549

605

132

26

491

148

4,181

3,850

50, 421

5,096

13, 342

132

1,921

298

183

234

822

2,451

32

87

33

1,014

1,283

366

131
124
313

790
896
831

42
286

47

6,961

5

4,281

351

1,911

103

18

104

8

180

142, 875

Total

496, 106

192, 452

168
1,661
1,255

209
3,297

233
3,154

158

639
8,031
55, 517

23, 941

551

15, 582

1,566

1,304

1,140

25, 300

10, 704

330

723

160

2,767

7,039

7,492

797
1.335
2,079

1,116
9,409
2,825

252
1,345

373

10, 374

21

6,032

444

2,565

353

74

533

29

323

287, 268

Aliens departed

Emi-
grant

76, 992

60, 040

314

487

491

88

2,301

1

691

15

519

1,011

3,908

4,921

208

1,332

37

5,164

871

851

19, 980

58

408

7

379

2,087

2,926

1,404

181

2,465

1,150

486

30
2,342

46

4,931

43

2,989

113

1,208

173

27

208

126

41

11,485

Nonemi-
grant

150, 763

35, 116

15

298

463

22

645

1

625

15

203

2,467

5,264

12, 929

160

1, 255

91

317

217

658

3,042

32

89

31

851

1,006

433

965
200
233

844
871
601
9
240
24

5,752

Total

227, 755

95,156

9

3,488
196
1,733
111
26
62

329

785
954
110

2,946
2

1,316

30

722

3,478

9,172

17, 850

368

2,587

128

5,481

1,088

1, 509

23, 022

90

497

38

1,230

3,093

3,314

3,891

1,604

414

3,309
2,021
1,087

39
2,582

70

10, 683

52

6,477

309

2,941

284

53

270

174

123

105,882 117,367

Increase

(+)or

decrease

(-)

+268, 351

4 97, 296

-161

+876

+301

+99

+351

+231

+ 1,838

+ 128

-83

+4, 553

+46, 345

+6, 091

+ 183

+12,995

+ 1,438

-4, 177

+52

+23,791

-12,318

+240

+226

+ 122

+ 1,537

+3, 946

+4, 178

-3, 094

-269

+1,665

-2, 193
+7, 388
+ 1,738

+213
-1,237

+303

-309

-31
-445
+ 135
-376
+69
+21
+263
-145
+200

+169, 901

' Residence of a year or more is regarded as permanent residence.

2 Comprises Andorra, Gibraltar, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Malta, Monaco, and San Marino.

3 Includes Afghanistan, Arabia, Bhutan, Iraq (Mesopotamia), Muscat, Nepal, Siam, Siberia, and
'Asia, not specified."

34

EEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

Table 3. — Net increase or decrease of population, by admission and departure of
aliens, fiscal years ended June 30, 1926 and 1927, by countries — Continued

Country of last or intended future
permanent residence

Canada

Newfoundland

Mexico.--

Cuba

Other West Indies-

British Honduras

Other Central America -

Brazil

Other South America...

United States '

Other America 5...

Others, total.

Egypt

Other Africa

Australia, including Papua, Tasma-
nia, and appertaining islands

New Zealand, including appertaining
islands. -

Other Pacific islands*

1926

Aliens admitted

Immi-
grant

91,019

2,349

43,310

2.281

941

39

1,335

877

2,230

6
1,120

214
315

376

180
35

Nonim-
migrant

16, 635

377

4,590

10,507

4,012

117

2,139

501

3,563

100, 413

21

4,892

107

501

2,936

1,167
181

Total

107, 654

2,726

47, 906

12, 788

4,953

156

3,474

1.378

5, 793

100,413

6,012

321

816

3,312

1,347
216

Aliens departed

Emi-
grant

2,173

283

3,198

1,922

1,917

45

521

210

1,215

1

536

38

134

19

Nonemi-
grant

17, 458

466

3,104

12,619

3,587

98

1,854

412

2,904

63, 378

2

4,013

41

183

2,609

1,102

78

Total

19,631

749

6,302

14,541

5,504

143

2,375

622

4,119

63, 378

3

Increase

(+)or

decrease

(-)

+88,023

-1-1,977

-f 41, 604

-1,753

— 551

+13

+ 1,099

+756

+ 1,674

+37, 035

+24

4,549 +1,463

79
271

2,866

1,236
97

+242

+545

+446

+ 111
+ 119

1 "United States" under nonimmigrants covers aliens returning to this country to resume residence
therein after a temporary stay abroad; and under nonemigrants covers aliens departing for a visit abroad
with the intention of returning within one year to renew permanent residence in this country.

5 Comprises Greenland and the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon.

* Comprises Nauru, New Guinea, Samoa, Yap, and "Pacific islands, not specified."

REPOET OF THE COMMISSIONEE GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

35

Table 3. — Net increase or decrease of population, by admission and departure of
aliens, fiscal years ended June 30, 1926 and 1927, by countries — Continued

Country of last or intended future
permanent residence '

1927

Aliens admitted

Immi-
grant

Nonim-
migrant

Total

Aliens departed

Emi-
grant

Nonemi-i
grant

Total

Increase

(+)or

decrease

(-)

All countries..
Europe, total.

Albania.-

Austria

Belgium..

Bulgaria

Czechoslovakia

Danzig, Free City of

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France, including Corsica

Germany

Great Britain and Northern Ireland:

England

Northern Ireland

Scotland-

Wales

Greece —

Hungary

Irish Free State

Italy, including Sicily and Sardinia...

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxemburg

Netherlands

Norway

Poland

Portugal, including Azores, Cape

Verde, and Madeira Islands

Rumania

Russia

Spain, including Canary and Balearic

Islands

Sweden

Switzerland

Turkey in Europe

Yugoslavia

Other Europe ^

-\sia, total.

Armenia

China

India.

Japan

Palestine

Persia

S>Tia

Turkey in .\sia..
Other .\sia 3

335, 175

168, 368

243

1,016
764
222

3,540
223

2,505
139
438

4,405
48, 513

9,990

491

12,611

1,068

2,089

813

28, 054

17, 297

403

770

111

1,733

6,068

9,211

567
1,270
1,183

429
8,287
2,121

216
1,190

388

3,669

13

1,471
102
723
464

33
590

60
213

202, 826

538, 001

73,366

180, 142 ! 253, 508 +284, 493

39, 096

207, 464

55,402

38,837 I 94,239 | +113,225

3

548

579

73

345

25

646

27

147

3,893

5,877

13, 681

134

2,347

342

239

242

754

2,609

31

67

16

1,092

1,654

339

186
219
319

721
865
883

61
102

30

7,171

1

3,995

388

2,312

171

19

100

16

169

.\merica, total : 161,872 151,057

246
1,564
1,343

295
3,885

248
3,151

166

585
8,298
54,390

23,671

625 i

14,958 I

1,410 !

2,328 I

1,055 '

28,808 I

19,906 i

434 i

837 ;

127

2,825

7,722 I

9,560 I

753
1,489
1,502

1,150
9,152
3,004

277
1,292

418

14

5,466

490

3,035

635

52

690

76

382

512,929

237

468

482

130

2,276

6

536

14

536

1,637

4,748

4,994

165

1,441

44

3,130

841

1,049

17, 759

21

314

13

456

1,786

2,650

2,347

1,248

239

2,178

1,115

594

24
1,911

13

10,840 I 6,007

20
4,179
126
1,205
142
33
185
74
43

11, 303

330
484
20 '
543 I
3 i
608 i

13

313

3,501

5,777

14,592

119

1,579

87

259

278

806

2,751

10

92

8

1,127

983

470

476
233
211

999

1,008

808

U
308

22

5,779

245
798
966
150

2,819
9

1,144

27

849

5,138

10, 525

19, 586

284

3,020

131

3,389

1,119

1,855

20,510

31

406

21

1,583

2,769

3,120

2,823

1,481

450

3,177
2,123
1,402

35 1
2,219

35

11, 786

+1
+766
+377
+ U5

+ 1,060
+239

+2, 007
+139
-264

+3, 160
+43, 865

+4, 085

+341

+ 11,938

+ 1,279

-1,061

-64

+26, 953

-604

+403

+431

+106

+1, 242

+4, 953

+6, 430

-2,070

+8
+1,052

-2, 027

+7, 029

+1, 602

+242

-927

+383

-946

9

29

3,315

7,494

238

364

1,932

3,137

109

251

20

53

65

250

24

98

67

110

130, 851

142, 154

-15

-2,028

+126

-102

+384

-1

+440

-22

+272

+170, 775

1 Residence of a year or more is regarded as permanent residence.

2 Comprises Andorra, Gibraltar, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Malta, Monaco, and San Marino.

3 Includes Afghanistan, Arabia, Bhutan, Iraq (Mesopotamia), Muscat, Nepal, Siam, Siberia, and
"Asia, not specified."

36

KEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

Table 3. — Net increase or decrease of population, by admission and departure of
aliens, fiscal years ended June 30, 1926 and 1927, by countries — Continued

Country of last or intended future
permanent residence

Canada _-

Newfoundland --

Mexico

Cuba --

Other West Indies

British Honduras

Other Central America.
Brazil

Other South America...

United States*

Other America ' ..-

1927

Aliens admitted

Immi-
grant

Others, total.

Egypt---

Other Africa

Australia, including Papua, Tasma-
nia, and appertaining islands

New Zeiland, including appertaining
islands.

Other Pacific islands «

81, 506

3,074

67, 7^1

3,020

999

lOS

1,663

1,089

2,688

4
1,266

228
292

248
34

Nonim-
migrant

15, 999
540

5,586

10, 261

4,492

116

2, 323

518

3,584

107, 616

22

5,502

428

3,541

1,219
217

Total

97, 505

3,614

73, 307

13, 281

5,491

224

3,986

1,607

6,272

107, 616

26

6,768

325
720

4,005

1,467
251

Aliens departed

Emi-
grant

1,953

487

2,957

1,598

2,134

20

701

209

1,244

654

379

129
34

Nonemi-
grant

28, 889

739

4,511

11,424

4,247

131

2,148

540

4,494

73, 728

4,675

289
3,032

1,144
144

Total

30, 842

1,226

7,468

13, 022

6,381

151

2,849

749

5,738

73, 728

5,329

94
373

3,411

1,273
178

Increase

(+)or

decrease

(-)

-f 66, 663

+2,388

+65, 839

+259

-890

+73

+1, 137

+858

+534

+33, 888

+26

+1,439

+231
+347

+594

+194
+73

< "United States" under nonimmigrants covers aliens returning to this country to resume residence
therein after a temporary stay abroad; and under nonemigrants covers aliens departing for a visit abroad
with the intention of returning within one year to renew permanent residence in this country.

s Comprises Greenland and the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon.

6 Comprises Nauru, New Guinea, Samoa, Yap, and '" Pacific islands, not specified."

EEPORT OF THE CIOMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

37

Table 4. — Net increase or decrease of population by admission and departure of
aliens, fiscal year elided June SO, 1927, by race or people, sex, and age periods

Race or people

Total -.-

African (black)

A rinenian

Bohemian and Moravian (Czech)

Bulgarian, Serbian, and Montenegrin

Chinese

Croatian and Slovenian

Cuban

Dalmatian, Bosnian, and Herzegov-

inian

Dutch and Flemish

East Indian

English

Finnish

French _

German

Greek

H ebrew

Irish

Italian (north)

Italian (south)

Japanese

Korean

Lithuanian

Magyar

Mexican

Pacific Islander

Polish

Portuguese

Rumanian... ,

Russian

Ruthenian (Russniak)

Scandinavian (Norwegians, Danes,

and Swedes)

Scotch

Slovak ,

Spanish

Spanish American

Syrian

Turkish

■\Velsh_...

West Indian (except Cuban)

Other peoples.

SEX

Male

Female

AGE

Under 16 years

16 to 21 vears

22 to 2(J vears

30 to 37 years

38 to 44 years

45 years and over

Aliens admitted

Immi- j Nonim-
grant migrant

955

983
2,406

600
1, 051

821
1,919

69

3,125

51

40, 165

629

19, 313

56, 587

2,557

11,483

44, 726

2,637

15, 892

660

47

549

1,049

66, 766

8

4,249

843

422

1,249

445

19,235

25, 544

1,017

1,065

3,185

684

112

1,300

381

390

194, 163
141,012

51,689
77, 636
105,351
49, 292
22, 295
28, 912

202, 826

2,671
294

2,254
849

7.254
991

6,332

184

3,780

167

39, 851

1,447

8,970

18, 809

3,456

3,864

6.910

5,549

20,334

6,517

43

403

1,524

13, 873

11

1,947

2,820

642

1.241

135

11,272

11,503

505

7,738

4,547

697

187

779

1,660

816

127, 279
75, 547

11,034
12, 150
48, 276
50, 445
34, 546
46,375

Total

538, 001

3,626
1,277
4,660
1,449
8,305
1.812
8,251

253

6, 905

218

80. 016

2,076

28,283

75, 396

6.013

15,347

51, 636

8, 186

36, 226

7,177

90

952

2,573

80, 639

19

6,196

3,663

1,064

2,490

580

30, 507
37, 047
1,522
8,803
7,732
1,381
299
2,079
2,041
1,212

321,442
216, 559

62,723
89, 786
153,627
99, 737
56,841
75, 287

Aliens departed

Emi-
grant

73,366

870

51

1,724

1,592

4,117

251

380

1,005

83

7,449

577

1,761

5,515

3,140

224

1,432

2,209

15, 627

1,148

52

331

946

2,774

7

2,725

2,363

1,201

510

19

3,678

1,930

693

2,781

1,792

203

166

65

754

241

51,536
21,830

2,986
3,300
17,522
20, 655
12,740
16, 163

Nonemi-
grant

180, 142

1,585
134
1,578
1,180
5,764
195
7,267

627

3,639

103

49, 274

1,669

8,838

14,902

1,491

1, 395

5,732

3,463

12, 499

10,315

71

404

971

8, 180

20

2,448

1,499

923

978

55

10,446

8,144

540

5,094

5,049

431

162

298

2,017

762

111,569
68,573

10,587
10, 610
39,491
52, 266
29, 215
37, 973

Total

253, 508

2,455
185
3, 302
2, 772
9^881
446
8,247

Increase

(+) or

decrease

(-)

+284, 493

14, 124

10, 074

1,233

7,875

6,841

634

328

363

2,771

1,003

+ 1,171
+ 1,092
+ 1,358
- 1, 323
- 1, 576
+ 1,366
+4

1,007

-754

4,644

+2, 261

186

+32

56, 723

+23, 293

2,246

-170

10, 599

+ 17,684

20, 417

+54, 979

4,631

+ 1,382

1,619

+ 13,728

7,164

+44, 472

5,672

+2, 514

28, 126

+8, 100

11,403

-4, 286

123

-33

735

+217

1,917

+656

10, 954

+69, 685

27

-8

5,173

+ 1,023

3,862

-199

2,124

-1,060

1,488

+ 1,002

74

+506

+ 16,3S3

+26, 973

+289

+928

+891

+747

-29

+ 1,716

-730

+209

163,105 +168,337
90,403 : +126,156

13, 573
13,910
57, 013
72, 921
41,955
54, 136

+49, 150
+75, 876
+96, 614
+26,816
+ 14,886
+21, 151

38

REPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF I^E^ilGRATION

Table 5. — Intended future permanent residence of aliens admitted and last perma-
nent residence of aliens departed, fiscal year ended June SO, 1927, by States and
Territories ^

Admitted

Departed

State or Territory

Immi-
grant

Nonim-
migrant

Total

Emi-
grant

Nonemi-
grant

Total

Total

335, 175

202, 826

538, 001

73, 366

180, 142

253, 508

182

100

4,873

181

26, 029

840

6,321

209

918

2,512

232

226

434

20, 723

2,570

1,419

765

281

726

3,655

1,241

25,907

28,104

3,316

177

1,896

812

923

111

1,897

17, 059

602

87,864

421

809

9,126

304

1,922

20,097

1

141

2,607

56

416

206

43, 139

575

1,324

378

3

5,440

516

4,365

224

93

21

1,300

55

7,147

240

2,121

87

439

2,632

118

1,835

93

6,085

681

313

187

102

384

272

404

7,045

4,394

494

99

637

130

215

49

223

6,991

204

38, 197

142

54

3,540

65

393

. 7, 276

18

510

851

19

66

38

7,662

144

118

203

8

1,220

461

771

71

95,909

275

121

6,173

236

33, 176

1,080

8,442

296

1,357

5,144

350

2,061

527

26, 808

3,251

1,732

952

383

1,110

3,927

1, 645

32, 952

32, 498

3,810

276

2,533

942

1,138

160

2,120

24, 050

806

126, 061

563

863

12, 666

369

2,315

27, 373

19

651

3,458

75

482

244

50,801

719

1,442

581

11

6,660

977

5,136

295

95,909

43

26

405

10

4,954

170

1,194

53

217

1,360

54

634

85

3,911

463

177

138

54

343

48

203

5,900

3,128

327

32

334

101

101

44

25

3,490

141

32, 363

74

65

2, 496

20

357

5,728

41

33

689

17

6,613

183

1,056

24

172

1,094

33

3,307

81

4,058

365

284

119

44

166

50

182

4,126

2,707

371

10

309

165

101

57

57

2,013

96

24, 500

35

47

2,248

22

381

4,007

2

346

262

22

58

33

3,967

162

30

67

4

1,166

259

438

74

112,789

84

59

1,094

27

11,567

353

2,250

77

District of Columbia

389

Florida --

2,454

87

3,941

166

7,969

828

461

257

98

509

98

385

10, 026

5, 835

698

42

Missouri --

643

26(i

202

101

New Hampshire

82

6,103

237

56, 863

109

112

Ohio - .-

4,744

Oregon

Philippine Islands

Porto Rico

Rhode Island

42

738

9,735

2

123

265

9

40

37

1,467

105

29

91

3

1,085

301

496

47

469
527

31

South Dakota

98

70

Texas

5,434

Utah ,.-

267

59

158

7

2,251

560

934

121

112, 789

1 Residence of a year or more is regarded as permanent residence.

EEPOKT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

39

Table 6. — Occupations of aliens admitted and departed, fiscal year ended June 30,

1927, by classes

Occupation

Admitted

Immi-
grant

Nonim-
grant

Total

Departed

Emi-
grant

Nonemi-
grant

Total

All occupations

Professional, total

Actors

Architects

Clergy

Editors

Electricians

E ngineers (professional)

Lawyers

Literary and scientific persons

Musicians

OfEcials (Government)

Physicians

Sculptors and artists

Teachers

Other professional

Skilled, total

Bakers _

Barbers and hairdressers

Blacksmiths

Bookbinders

Brewers

Butchers

Cabinetmakers, _

Carpenters and joiners

Cigarette makers

Cigar makers

Cigar packers

Clerks and accountants

Dressmakers

Engineers (locomotive, marine, and sta-
tionary)

Furriers and fur workers ._

Gardeners

Hat and cap makers

Iron and steel workers

Jewelers.-

Locksmiths

Machinists

Mariners

Masons

Mechanics (not specified)

Metal workers (other than iron, steel, and

tin)

Millers

Milliners

Miners ._

Painters and glaziers

Pattern makers

Photographers

Plasterers

Plumbers

Printers

Saddlers and harness makers

Seamstresses '.

Shoemakers

Stokers

Stonecutters

Tailors

Tanners and curriers

Textile workers (not specified)

Tinners

Tobacco workers

Upholsterers

Watch and clock makers

Weavers and spinners

Wheelwiights

Woodworkers (not specified)

Other skilled

335,175 202,826

538, 001

73, 366

180, 142

11, 542

178

472

1,127

22

1,454

2, 395

173

408

642

392

486

182

2,428

1,183

61, 733

1, 460

1,132

814

102

10

1, 091

173

4,936

6

161

18

18,313

1,611

154

765

76

2, 380

408

2,335

2,143

1,372

1,732

4,258

544

181

338

2,134

1,545

104

187

267

639

706

198

1, 042

1, 260

32t)

188

1, 912

76

151

270

31

200

243

926

23

137

1, 7G6

21, 090

32, 632

2,733

15, 001

1,666
539

1,611
146
484

3,800
827

1,391
899

2,837

1,233
627

2,982

2,048

31, 041

720

308

25

12

442

101

2,927

6

511

20

7,255

755

" 758

160

377

37

855

217

220

1,254

2,716

1,381

1,526

134

62

190

1,014

807

39

147

139

229

265

52

314

897

254

105

971

36

82

58

45

67

93

303

9

41

1,305

1,844
1,011
2,738

168
1,938
6,195
1,000
1,799
1,541
3,229
1,719

809
5,410
3,231

92, 774

2,259

1,852

1, 122

127

22

1,533

274

7,863

12

672

38

25, 568

2,366

1,647

314

1,142

113

3,235

625

2,555

3,397

4,088

3,113

5,784

678
243
528

3,148

2,352
143
334
406
868
971
250

1,356

2,157
580
293

2,883
112
233
328
77
267
336

1,229
32
178

3,071

201

60

318

7

137

361

79

150

149

169

164

59

382

437

9,474

1,289
367

1,749

78

319

1,935
762
989
709

1,320

1,376
229

2,451

1,428

23, 093

242

275

96

12

152

113

1,098

11

325

5

1,501

202

256
58
134

2
193
56

5
511
564
286
427

95
77
43

705

247
19
33
50
75
43
6
43

257
69
39

337
12
76
26
3
22
18

286

31
278

467
407
160

19

10

286

196

2,102

17
520

13

6,351

408

1,719

140

279

12

360

150

21

1,101

1,600

566

992

180

96

133

1,118

552

30

94

132

184

166

17

135

272

129

81

516

17

207

49

1

51

48

""3

66
607

253, 508

17, 734

1,550

427

2,067

85

456
2,296

841
1,139

858
1,489
1, 540

288
2,833
1,865

32, 567

709
682
256

31

10

438

309

3,200

28
845

18

7,912

610

1,975
198
413
14
553
206
26

1,612

2,164
852

1,419

275
173
176
1,823
799

49
127
182
259
209

23
178
529
198
120
853

29
283

75
4

73

66

539

3

97
945

40

REPOKT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

Table 6. — Occupations of aliens admitted and departed, fiscal year ended June SO,
1927, by classes — Continued

Occupation

Admitted

Immi-
grant

Nonlm-
grant

Total

Departed

Emi-
grant

Nonemi-
grant

Total

Miscellaneous, total

Agents. -.-

Banlcers. .--

Draymen, hackmen, and teamsters

Farmers -

Farm laborers

Fishermen

Hotel keepers

Laborers

Manufacturers

Merchants and dealers..

Servants...

Other miscellaneous

No occupation (including women and
children)

125, 561

86, 843

223, 182

41, 183

r-, 674

1,827

3,598

113

1,186

695

187

10, 324

4,429

23, 698

5,475

1,374

487

147

662

53, 850

25, 723

213

1,645

3,816

18, 060

31,344

14, 502

8,938

10, 889

63,852

5,425

1,299

882

14, 753

29, 173

1,861

809

79, 573

1,858
21, 876
45, 846
19, 827

189, 413

227

107

46

1,400

146

130

71

29, 229

86

2,314

4,606

2,821

19,976

1,947

1,248

161

3,965

956

430

204

26,954

1,428

18, 039

10, 360

11,982

04, 374

118,857

2,174

1,355

207

5,365

1,102

560

275

56, 183

1,514

20, 353

14, 966

14,803

84, 350

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

41

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43

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44

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720

1,167

278

221

469

484

32

1,412

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351

8,917

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1,204

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415

263

1,239

322

830

352

1,435

37

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278

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44

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

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45

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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OKNKHAI. OF IMMIGRATION 73

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EEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 131

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132 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

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of 1924 Sex

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Scot.li

Slovak

Spanish American

Turkish

Welsh t

West Indian (except Cuban)

1 s

■ll

152 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

Table 48. — Aliens debarred from entering the United States, fiscal year ended
June 30, W:^7, showing number rejected at the land border stations and at the
seaports of entry, by causes and sex

Causes

Num-
ber de-
barred

Land border stations

Seaports

Male

Female

Total

Male

Female

Total

Total....

I0.76fi

H,470

fi,l74

16,644

2,860

2fil

3,111

Idiots 1

Imbeciles 4

Feeble-minded 31

Insane, or have been insane 26

Epileptics 8

Constitutional psychopathic inferiority 28

Chronic alcoholism 4

Tuberculosis (noncontagious.) 3

Loathsome or dangerous contagious disease.. 306
Surgeon's certilicale of mental or physical

defect (not siecifled), which may alTecl

alien's ability to earn a living 139

Likely to l)econie a public charge, paupers,

professional beggars, and vagrants 1,850

Contract laborers 404

Assisted aliens 46

Accompanying aliens (under sec. 18^ 29

Under 16 years of age, unaccompanied by

parent ' 43

Criminals 160

Immoral classes. 49

Uad been deiwrted within one year 14

Unable to read (over 16 years of age) 363

Under immigration act of IdH

Undersection 17 40

Expired immigration visa 12

Not a nonimmigrant or non<iuota immi-

Krant alien as sijecificd in visa 342

Alien ineligible to dtlzensbip with im-

proi>or visa 86

Quota immigrant, without visa 9,189

Alien ineligible to liti/.eii.sliiii. without visa. . 538
Nonimmigrant or nonquota Immigrant,

eligible to cilUeuship, without visa .., flt048

1 ;

2

3 1

13

8 1

13

3 1

4

8

20

6

4

1

98

13

78

1 IKA

23
Sfi2

1,186

562

34U

44

23

22

8

15 ''

31

12

102

53,

22

21 '

5

o

373

47

23

17

3

36

9

28

10 1

5.388

1850 1

43

^i

3,717

t Old

4a

1,451
488

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 153

Table 49. — Permanent residence of contiguous foreign territory applying for
temporary sojourn in the United States refused admission, fiscal year ended
June SO, 1927 , by causes

Causes

Cana-
dian
border

Mexican
border

Total

Total

6,303

1,233

7.536

Idiots

Imbeciles

Feeble-minded.
Insane.

Epileptics

Constitutional psychopathic inferiority

Surgeon's certificate of mental or physical defect -..

Tuberculosis (noncontagious)

Loathsome or dangerous contagious diseases

Chronic alcoholism

Likely to become a public cbarge

Vagrants

Contract laborers

Assisted fUiens

Accompmying aliens (under sec. 18)

Under H'. years of age, unaccompanied by parent.

Criminals

Anarchists

Prostitutes and aliens coming for any immoral purpose

Aliens who are supported hy or receive proceeds of prostitution

Aliens who procure or attempt to bring in prostitutes or females for any

immoral purpose

Had been deported within one year

Unable to read (over Ifl years of age)

Without proper visa under immigrotlon act of 1924

1

3

8

14

17

28

67

1

93

6

1,677

323
40
60
52

117

1

44

15

22

647

3,067

3
3
1
2
71
1

168
2

206
1

12
11

16

1

64

452

1

3

11

17

18

30

138

2

261

8

1,973

1

323

40

126

54

188

1

56

11

31

23

701

3,519

66175—27-

-11

154 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGR^VTION

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156 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGR.\TION

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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 157

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German

Greek

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Irish

Italian (north).

Italian (south)

Japanese

Korean

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 159

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Tablk 59. — Aliens granted hospital treatment under sections IS and 22, fiscal year
ended June 30, 1927, by race or people

Total

Chi-
nese

Ger-
man

He-
brew

Ital-
ian

Japa-
nese

Ko-
rean

All
other

Number granted treatment

107

71

1

4

7

13

2

Diseases:

Trachoma

6
3

84
14

85
6

10
6

89
5
1
2

10

39
13
20
5
30

78
29

16

85

6

1

1
1

3
2

i

Tinea tonsurans

Uncinariasis

69

1

58
6
2
5

68
1

13

2

8

6

Other diseases

1
1

2
1

2

4

Result of treatment and disposition:

Cured and admitted

13

2

Cured but not disposed of

Still under treatment.

1

2

1

3

3

Otherwise disposed of

Length of treatment:

Under 1 month

13

2

5

1

Under 2 months

3

Under 4 months

1
1
2

2
1
......

5 to 10 months

.

1
3

5
1
1

Still under treatment, length of time not stated. .

2

30
7

10
2

22

55
16

7
61
3

--fl
-

3
2

By whom expenses were paid:

Parent

Husband.

4
3

Self

......

3
2
2

8
1

Relative

Other

6

4
9

4
8
1

2

Sex:

Male

1

......

1

2
2

1
2

1

6
1

4

Female

Under 16 vears

16 to 44 years

2

9

45 years and over

Table 60. — Aliens granted hospital treatment under sections 18 and 22, fiscal year
ended June 30, 1927, by ports

Diseases

Result of treatment
and disposition

Length of treatment

i

o

1

•w'O

T3

s«

Port

'

1

ispose
ment

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a*

go

§

a

S

sa

fl

S

CO

a a

3

.a ;

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o *'

^

a
o

a

a

s^

es

1

§

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a

a

S

o

E

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□

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■a

o

-.t

£h

E^

E^

& o

O

3

o

m

O

t>

t)

a
0

•o

si

Total-

107

6

3

84 14

85

6

10

6

89

5

1

2

10

New York, N. Y

21

5

3

13

12

8

1

6

4

1

9

g

San Francisco, Calif.

31
55

1

30
54

....

29
44

.— ..

2

"T

28

55

1

2

Seattle, Wash

1

EEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF niMIGEATIOX 179

Table 61. — Alien seamen deserted, ordered held on board vessel, escaped, removed
from vessel, certified for contagious disease, and removed to hospital for treat-
ment, as specified, fiscal year ended June 30, 1927, by districts

Alien seamen

Deserted

Ordered held
on board vessel

lEscaoed

Removed 1

toimmi- pprtified^^^^'^
gration <- pruned ^^^

District

Chi-
nese

Jap-
anese

Others

Total

Under
section
20, im-
migra-
tion
act of
1924

after
! being
Not , ordered
on detained
visaed on
crew vessel
list 1

station or
elsewhere
for safe-
keeping
pending
depar-
ture of
vessel

loath-
some or
danger-
ous con-
tagious
disease

other
seamen
removed
to hos-
pital for
treat-
ment

All districts.. -

438

66

22,943

23,447

13, 672

4,630 113

1.456

2,025

2,189

New York, N. Y....

Boston, Mass

Philadelphia, Pa

Baltimore, Md

Portland, Me.

354
9
15
10

21

2

1

12, 159

407

2,281

2,652

178

2,987

380

541

618

385

73

75

130

3

26

48

12,534

416

2,298

2,663

178

993
209
331
195

1

427 35
111 , 7
118 5
201 21
60

114
15
279
.....

604

242

181

159

10

332

60

199

68

15

40

10

68

4

25

8

883
162
181
245

in

Norfolk, Va

2,987 ! 1,482

388 : 200

551 335

628 116

410 31

89 55

88 ' 65

140 9,427

3 1 121

26 1 24

48 i 87

3,082 24 344

38

Jacksonville, Fla

New Orleans, La

Galveston, Tes

San Francisco, Calif.

7
7
2
24
2
2

1
3
8
1
14
11
4

43 1
241 4
119 1

5

52

142

117

142

14

26

17

246

39

306

133

14

40

Seattle, Wash ■..

94

21

Los Aneeles, Calif...! 6
Honolulu, Hawaii 1.

7 8

85
12

75 2

20

Table 62. — Vessels boarded and alien seamen examined by immigration officers,
and United States citizens serving as seamen on vessels boarded, fiscal year ended
June 30, 1927, by districts

District

Vessels boarded

In
foreign
trade

In
coast-
wise
trade

Total

Alien

seamen

examined

United
States
citizens
serving
as sea-
men on
vessels
boarded

All districts...

New York, N. Y

Boston, Mass

Philadelphia, Pa

Baltimore, Md

Portland, Me

Norfolk, Va--

Jacksonville, Fla

New Orleans, La

Galveston, Tex

San Francisco, Calif

Portland, Oreg .

Seattle, Wash

Los Angeles, Calif..

Alaska

Honolulu, Hawaii- -

Porto Rico-

Great Lakes

32,289

5,458

],427

1,347

2,115

293

2,047

2,627

2,821

1,222

471

283

2,607

2,893

942

343

1,182

4,211

4,894

37,183

1, 144, 086

84
387

39
712

10
325
445
346
597
395
9
4
291

402

848

5,542

1,814

1,386

2,827

303

2,372

3,072

3,167

1,819

866

292

2,611

3,184

942

343

1,584

5,059

500,924
59, 397
37, 912
42,331

5,695
76,600
61, 146
68,329
44,960
16,563

9,703
87,033
49,531

8,876
34, 813
22,252
18,021

238,598

7a 187

9,856

6,988

10,219

781

1,820

33,161

34,731

16, 737

3,080

1,711

11,506

15,520

2,841

4,812

12,373

2,275

180 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

Table 63. — Comparison between alien arrivals and head-lax 8elllemeiit-<, li.scil

year ended June SO, 1927

Immigrant aliens admitted 335, 1/5

Nonimmigrant aliens admitted 202, 820

Aliens debarred -- 1^- "55

Aliens admitted from insular possessions or mainland ports. 4. 909

Aliens debarred from insular possessions _ 2S

Admitted under general order No. 86 2,767

Aliens died ^1^

Erroneous head-tax settlements 2. 60tj

Head-tax cases pending from last vear 55, 820

623, 902

Exempt from head-tax payments, as follows:

In transit (groups) - 2, 389

Otner transits (includes 5,188 Chinese in transit
under bond across land territory of the United

States) ,--- -19.519

One-year residents of Canada, Newfoundlaml, Mexico,

and Cuba, coming for a temporary stay 7, 345

Domiciled aliens returning - 15,383

Government officials and consular passengers 5. 508

Aliens residents of the Philij)i)ine or Virgin Islands. . . 1. 307
Alieis from Porto Rico a'ld Hawaii, wlio reached saiii
islands prior to Julv 1, 1907, or subseciuent to May

1, 1917 1 - --- 1.399

Aliens admitted to Porto Rico and Hawaii from main-
land.. - 2,203

Under 16 years of age. accompanied by parents 55, 729

Under general order No. 86 — 467

Alien veterans 4, 514

Exemptions on account ot aliens debarred 19, 422

Citizens erronef)iisly manifested 1, 879

Total.. 167,064

Head-tnx iiavnitui- itnding at close of vear 46, 150

■ 213,214

Aliens on whom head-tax was paid. '410, 688

Amount of head tax collected during the yejir S3, 285, 493

Table 64. — Japanese aliens applied for admission, admitted, debarred, deported,
and departed, fiscal years ended June SO, 19S6, and 1927 '

Applicants for admission

Admltteci

Debarred from entry

Deported after entry

Departures

1937

Continental
United
State*

4,«>7

4.852

45

83

7,751

HawaU

1.132

1.126

8

2.840

Continental
United
States

5^527

5.4T7

SO

S8

8.102

UawaU

I.TT
7

3.271

• Admissions include both Immlirrant and nonlmmlRrant allflns, and dcpirtiiros Include both e>niRrail
and noap.iiicrant nlicns. Durine the flscal year endivl June 30. I'f^T, 27 Koreans were admllied to Hawaii'
1 was debarred, and 61 departed therflfroin; n3 Kort-.vns were admitted to eontinontal United States. 3 we»
debarred. 4 were deportea after entry, and 02 departed therefrom.

> Three aliens were taxed at $4 each, and 410,0S5 at iS each.

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 181

Table 65. — Increase or decrease of Japanese population by alien admissions and
departures, fiscal years ended June SO, 1926 and 1927, by months '

Month

Total fiscal year 1926.

July

AURUSt

September.

October

November.
December..

Januarj'

February..

March

April

May

June

Total fiscal year 1927.

July

August

September.

October

November.
December..

January

February..

March

April

May

June

Continental United States

Admitted

4,652

385
338
325
430
342
296
218
301
506
679
522
410

5.4n

547
506
457
474
435
381
206
375
441
637
456
562

Hawaii

Increase

Departedi{+) or de-' Admitted

crease (—)

7.751

412
422
927
861
706
813
598
524
717
618
627
526

-3,099

1,126

-27
-84
-602
-431
-364
-517
-380
-223
-211
-39
-105
-116

77
137
116
118
116
152
61
73
98
109

69

Departed

455
499
S63
744
1,122
769
620
614
658
607
615
626

2,040

Increase
(+) or de-
crease (— )

342 '

142 :

322 I
265
226 I
87 1

96 :

174 I
348
412 I

226

+92

187

275

+7

149

229

-406

176

27fi

-270

287

022

-687

117

169

-388

173

130

-414

79

49

-239

72

138

-217

119

295

+30

96

402

-159

99

420

-64

146

266-

-1,514

-265

-5

-206

-147

-110

+65

-35

-101

-250

-303

-157

8,192 j -2,715 j 1,700 I 3,271} -1,571

-88

-80

-100

-335

-52

+43

+30

-66

-176

-306

-321

-120

• Admissions Include both Immigrant and nonimmigrant aliens, and departures Inclule both emigrant
and nonemigrant aliens.

• Figures for this month included with later month.

182 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OK IMMIGRATION

T\RiK GG — Occuvations of Japanese aliens admitted and departed, fiscal year

ended June 30, 1927

Occupation

All occupations.

Professional,
total

Actors ■

Architects.

CltTRV •

Kditors

Klcitricians

Knpineers (profes-
sional) --■

Liiwyors

Litiriiry and scien-
tific jtersons

Magicians

Officials (Oovern-
nu'nt)

Phvsicians

Sculptors and artists.

Tcaihcrs

Other professional —

Skilled, total...

btUr-

Bftkers

liarbfrs and
dressers

Blacksmiths

Butchers

Carpenters and Join-
ers

Clerks and account-
ants

Dressmakers

Engineers flocomo-
tive, marine, and
stationiiryj

Furriers and fur work-
ers

Gardeners .-.

Hat and cap makers

Iron and steol work-
ers

Jewelers

Continental
United States

Ad- De-
mitted parted

6.477 1 8,192

739

69
IS
43
14
3

114
7

41

336 1

263

65

76

3

2

140

09

31 1

91

Hawaii

Ad- De- I
mi t ted parted'

1.700 3,271

106

160

70 I

1
37

2

Occupation

Machinists

Mariners

Masons

Mechanics (not speci-
fied)

MetAl workers (other
than iron, steel and
tin)

Milliners

Miner!

r . ■ I glaziers.

Continental
United Stotes

Ad- 1 De-
mittfld parteil

Hawaii

18

Ad- De-
mitted parted

Tailuri..

Tinners

Watch and clock
makers

Weavers and spin-
ners

Other skilled

16

71

Table 67. — Miscellaneous Chinese transactions, fiscal year ended June 30, 192"^,

by ports

Class

United States citizens (Chinese) admitted

Alien Chinese admitted

Alien Chinese del)arred

Chinese ^rantcHl the iirivilege of transit in bond across

land territory of the United States

Chinea> denied the privilege in transit in bond across

land territory of the Uniteil Stales

Chinese pninted the privilepe of transit by water

Chinese with return certiflcaies dej^riinp:

Laborers

Merchants

Merchants' wives --

Students -

Teachers - -

Native born - -

3,176
3,1
595

5^188

3

876

1,547

171

13

20

1

2,824

64

113
25

1,295

329

all

160

i\

1,800.. .11,127

1,132 11.544

250...' 160

787

1
713

406

160

13

20

1,070

492

741

1,054

127
29
02

1,333

19|
33
20

802

2

227
256
26

242

250

HF.I'ORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 183

Tahlk 68. — Aliens admilted to continental United States from insular United States,
fiscal years ended June SO, 1908 to 1927, by ports

Number adniitt

e<l from all insulars

duri

ng—

Total number admitted, 1908-
1927, from—

Port

Three Ten
years, years,
1908- ! 1911-
1910 1 1920

1

Fiscal year—

Ha- 1 Porto
waii Rico

Philip- Vir-
pinc ein

Orand

1021

1922

1923

1924

1925

1926

1927

Is-
lands

Is-
lands

total

All ports

1
4,884 26,455

2,623

1,957

2,314

2.978

2,181

2.215 2,517

28,82115.180

2,325

1.798

48,124

<ow York, N. Y...
*hil(i<lephia, Pa

1,442

8, 350

1

1,094
.....

947

1

1,112

1,054

917

908
3
1

1,057
.....

16 15,057

2, 3

in

9

1,789

16,871
5

lalliinort', Md

4

1

1

2

1

12

^ewiiort N'l'ws, La.

1
4

1

'•"•'■■Ik, Va

1

3
15
2

2

5

ion, S. C...

15

IS

riville, Fla...

2

2

> ,1. Fla

1
1
1

1

1

vioi.ilr, Ala

1
77
11

1

Nt A Orleans, La...

4

66

7

1
1

1,384

906

6
1

966

3

22

48

152

2

4

3
2

923

Vi MU

77

ialvrstoii, Tex

11

Ian Francisco,
Calif

3.399

iR tnn

1 574

866

8S5

1,328

6

759

218

4

1

26,926
13

'ortland, Orog

1 ' 6

30 708
U 1.2S2

2

3»
51

2: 6 -

ilealllo, Wash

3ana<lian Pacific ..

14

\7R

26
77

21
30

19
32
363

2ll 138

44 1,490

461! 1 57A

897
1,708

Mexican border

lOJ 1

2581 334

3 1

1 579

n

■'■ 1 housand two hundre<I thirty-one alions were admitted to Hawaii and 972 to Porio Hie n from coutl-
I iiite<l States; II aliens to Hawaii from the I'hilij'pine Islands; and 178 to Porto Hico from the
Islands, durinc the fiscal year lir.'7.

rATtMi 09. — Arrivals in and departures from the Philippine Islattds, calendar year
1926, by classes, as specified

Admitted

1 ••■|.;ir!r^.l

Class

Male Foinalo

Total

Mal«

Female

Total

Grati'l total

27,329 i C212

33,541

27.242

4.423

31 665

Total from and to foreign countries

22,986

4,514

27,500

17,122

3,129

20,251

iliens

Citizens of:

Continental United States

Philippine Islands

19,622

1,100

2,244

18

2

2,803

961
750

22,425

2,061

2,994

18

2

14,709

1.023

1,387

2

1

1,463

957

709

16,172

1,980

2,096

2

Hawaii

' '! her insular possessions

1

Total from and to Unitcl .<t:>i<>s nn! it>; insular
possessions

4,343

1,698

can

10,120

1,294

11,414

ilions •

Citizens of:

Continental United States

73

797
3,465

38

1,185
474

111

1.082
3,939

58

829
9,233

24

1,071

197

2

82
1,900

Philippine Islands

9,430

Hawaii

2

Other insular possessions ■

8

1

9

184 KEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

Table 70. — Aliens admitted to and aliens departed, debarred, and deported from
the Philippine Islands, calendar year 1926, by classes, as specified

Admitted

Departed

Immi-
grant

Nonim-
migrant

Total

Emigrant

Nonem-
igrant

Total

Total

14,041

8,384

22,425

069

15.203

16,172

Sex:

11,867
2,174

2,240

11,110

691

6,052
7,989

10, 467

26

88

274

31

84

27

2,552

16

33

33

269

151

263

222

14

1,657

23

1,644

800

0.418

484

13.465

7,755
629

293

7,309

782

2,991
5,393

7,052
20
28

395
22
59
38

388
29
63
24

152

114

391

167

2

137

4,236

2.358

153

040

136

506

7,688

64

19,622
2,803

2,533

18,419

1,473

9.043
13,382

17, 519

46

116

669

53

143

65

2,940

45

96

57

411

265

654

389

16

1,794

4,259

4.002

953

10,368

620
13,971
> 7,688

146

794
175

21
747
201

13, 915
1,288

988
11.907
2,308

14,709

1,463

Age:

1 000

12,654

2,509

Literacy:

Races:

87

2
31
66

8
14

2
628

2
10

2
192
25

66

90

7

343

64
150

46
203

298
086

13,150
46
57

636
58
96
36

624
26
78
29

213

154

263

271

6

77
8.056
3,613

81
2.848

377

1.330

13,322

174

13,237

48

88

702

French

66

Oerrnan ..

110

38

1,152

Portuguese

28

88

Scotch

31

Spanish

405

179

Occupations:

319

Skilled

361

12

420

8,119

Merchants and dealers

3,783

M iscell aneous

127

No occupation ..

3,051

Last permanent residence of aliens ad-
mitted and future permanent residence
of aliens departed:

635

Asia

2,018

> 13,323

All others

02

26

100

Debarred

Deported

Total

183

33

Kaces:

Chinese

180
2

33

> Returning to Philiplne Islands after a temporary absence therefrom.

* Intended to return to Philippine Islands after a temporary absence therefrom.

r?:port of the commissioner general of immigration 185

Table 71.— \ct increase oj populatiun, by admission and departure of aliens,
fiscal years ended June 30, 190S to 1927

Porioil or your

1910.

1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.

191 r,.
I9ir,.

1917.
191H
1919.
1920.

1921.
1922.
192J.
192 J.
19i5.

192<).
1927.

Grand total, 20
years. 1908-1927.

Total 10 years,
1911-1920

Admitted

Departed

immigrant Nomm-

11,590,613 3,044,3.>(

Total I Emigrant

14,034,967

3,818,060

Nonemi-
grant

3.361,234

782.870 I 141.8^5 (t24.(;9.T mi. 073 319. 7.S5

751,786 ' 192,449 94-1.235 225.802 | 174,590

1,041.570 1 l.V,. 467 I 1.198.037 202. 4.% i 177.982

5.735.811

878,587
838,172
1.197,892
1.218,480
326,700
298,838
295,403
110.618
111. I i J
li.i. INI

1.376,271

, UZ0S2 : 2.146.994

1.841.163

Total

years,
1921-1925 2,638,913

805,228
309,556
.S22,919

7()r,, .-lur,
294.314

304,488
335,175

151,713 1,030,300 295.666 222.549

178.983 1,017. 155 I 333,262 282.030

229,335 1,427.227 306,190 303,734

184,601 1,403.081 .303,338 I 330,467

107. .'.44 134.244 204.074 1 180,100

'.: -.• •" ":- ! -X.I. 7(i.S ! lll.fM2

' ■ - - Mi. 277 NO. 102

I'l . , . ; - •<1. .'►s.'i 9H. (vs:<

'.!.'.. ^>^■.l .'.;:. i:.': \Zi.':i '.c. ;(><»

\'.i\.:r:; ..21.-:.. J^^. ^:^ liv, 7i7

782.898 I 3.421.811 i 697,397 716,839

Total

7, 379. 294

714.828
400,392
380,418

S. 157

518,215
615. 292
611.924
633,605
384.174
240. 807
14».. 379

1 \y.\. 2m

•l\i\.SM

1-N. (•(,.'

Increase

7, 255, 673

209,867
543, 843
817.619

3.123.925

512,085

401.863

815.303

769. 276

M. 070

12,1,941

21i>. 498

18.585

20.790

193,514

172. 9:4-
122, Ih ■

va, 4.s:

!7i40«i
I04. 121

191. (1!8
302. N26

4.i». 4.5.T

496. lun
538.001

217.718
19S. 712
81.450
7t>. 7s9
92,72s

76. 992
73. 3<!6

178.313
146.672
119.1,36
139.956
132.762

150.763
180. 142

1,414,236 2,007,575

426,031
34.S. ,384
200.586
216, 745
225. 490

227. 755
253,508

552,132
87, 121
472, 820
662, 5.57
232.945

268,351
284,493

T.\BLK 72. — Xct increase of population. Ixj admission and departure of aliens,
calendar years 1918 to 192H

Year ended l>i'c»Mnber31—

I'.ii^.

1919.
19J0.
1921 .
1922.
1923.
1924.
1925.
1926.

Admitted

Inimi- I Nonimmi-

Departed

grant

grant

Total Emigrant

Total 9 years, 1918-
192<5 1 3,

r49, 748 1, 446, 0'»2 5, 196. 390 , 1, i81, 601

115,916
247, 3.S8
708,562
563,905
381, 167
751,050
3.M, 770
290,725
336,295

109,500
149. 81)4
209.056
129,098
138. 527
1.54.958
172.025
178, 979
204,095

225,416
397. 162
917,618
693,603
519, 694
906.008
.528, 795
469. 704
,'►10. 390

80,612

261.718

261, 721

245, 978

11.5,973

70, 610

90,121

81,689

73, 179

Nonemi-
grant

1, 258, 578

103,333

130,808
160,796
167, 573
126.324
128,645
141,718
136,110
163,271

Increase

Total

2,540,179 2,656,211

183,945
392,526
422,517
413,551 I
242.297 I
199,255
231,8.39 ;
217,799 I
236,450 I
I

41,471
4,636
495, 101
280,052
277, 397
70«i, 753
2W,9.')0
251, 905
303.940

UGl'

-27-

-13

186 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

Table 73. — Nonimmigrant aliens admitted, fiscal years ended June SO, 1908 to
1927, by principal countries of last permanent residence

Last permuueut residence

Period or year

Number |
' admitted

Europe

Grand total 20
years, 1908-1927.. 3, 044, 354 1670,200

Total 3 years, 1908-
1910 -

490,741 88,609

1908 - 141,825 28,W1

1909 192,449 24,667

1910 i 156,467 I 35,001

Total 10 years, ' I

1911-1920 1,376,271 355,471

Canada
and
New-
found-
land

143,294 230,303

9,623 37,038

3,475 ' 12,560
3,352 I 13,895
2,796 10,583

69,416 108,124

Mexico

71.034

West
Indies

Centra |

and
South j
Amer- i

ica

United
States >

241,322 191,911 1,537,844 57,456

Other
coun-
tries

5,479 17,349 ' 0,388 320,098

3,157

1,574 4,270 3,231 ' 86,814 960

1,767 6,704 3,109 13S,»15 1,050
2,148; 7,375 1 3,048 94,360 1,147

36,099 104.607 42.185 636,740 | 23,530

1911 151,713 ' 38,354

1912 178,983 58,782

1913 229,335 ; 93,078

1914 184,601 j 56,107

1915 ' 107,544 16,571

1910 ' 67,922 11,627

1917 1 67,474 I 12,168

1918 101,235 14,446

1919 95,889 19,141

1920 i 191,575 36,197

2,565
1,939
1,658
1, 148
2,273 ;
1,579
1,664 '

35,713
7,301

13,480 !

12,477
11,556
14.165
15,459
9,983
5, 717
3.082
3,800
11,504
19, 472

2,0<i6
l.y46
2,134
2,410
2,352
1,418
2,266
5,111
9,783
0,613

7,130
8,299
8,591
9, 052
7,78-1
9. 120
10,790
11,203
13, 421
10,301

3,720
3,008
4,428
4.053
3,270
3,443
3. 327
3,801
4,109
7,877

83.949
90, 8M
103,150
04. 957
62,935
32.915
31, 127
25.291
27,287
84,275

1,452
1,639
2.131
2, 416
2, 367
2,007
2,150
1.771
3,163
4,354

Total 6 years, 1021- 1

1925 782,898 |l50, 134 > 50,123

51,680

20, 180 90, 004 27, 477 I 372, 077 20, 323

1021 172,935 27,725 10,009

1922 122, 949 22, 952 7,175

1923 150,487 , 29,624 ' 6,516

1924 172,406 37,374 10,066

1925 164, 121 I 32, 459 7,267

1 I

1920 101,618 36,890 1 6,061

1927 1 202,826 30,090 7,171

13,748
10. 824

o.rji

8, .IIW
8,770

17.013
16,639

3,004
3.477
3.510
4, 553
4,727

4,590
6.686

18, 670
15.4:M
19,908
21, 347
14,045

14,510
14,763

5.814
4,420
5,173
6,118
5,052

6,320
6,641

80.630
55, 242
72,040
79, M8
85,208

100,413
107,010

3,336
3,425
3,076
4.502
:.. 084

4,013
6.524

■ Aliens returning to the United States after a temporary visit abroad for less than a year.

PKPORT OF THE COAQIISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 187

Tablu 74. — Xonetnigrant aliens departed, fiscal years ended June 30, 190S to
1927, by principal countries of intended future permanent residence

Pc-riod or year

Grand total 20
years, 1908-1927..

Total 3 years, 1908-
1910.

190J>.
1909.
1910.

Total 10 years, 1911-
1920

Number
departed

Intended future permanent residence

Europe Asia

Canada
and

New- Mexico

found-
land

3,561,234 956,034 ll06,2S0

672,327 241,287 9,949

319,755
174,590
177,982

1,841,103

1911 222,549

1912 282,030

1913 303,734

1914 330,467

1915 180,100

1910 ' 111,012

1917 80,102

1918 98,6a3

1919 92.709

1920 ' 139,747

Total 5 years, 1921-

1925 ■ 716,839

1921 : 178,313

1922 146,672

1923 119,136

1924 , 139,956

1925 132,762

1926 150,763

1927 180.142

149, 783
58,998
32,500

4,585
2,967
2.397

570, 029 67, 566

46,094 i 6,529

6,597 1,996
6,689 I 2.558
33,40^ 1,975

408

438,936 58,418 377,112 ' 38,245

50.044
50,882
56,631
78,642
63,462
33,562
16. 149
in, 312
32,214
35,038

2,000
1,822
1.213
1,395
1,564
1,477
1,473
35,938
6,023
5,513

34,913
63. 33»'.
W.OIO
75, 482
26,051
21.9S1
16.9.16
8, 575
11,452
24,386

2.290
2.231
2.302
2,959
2.111
2, 196
1.951
.1.029
10,499
6,677

West
Indies

313, 778

28,272

Central

and
South '
Amer- !

ica I

United
States 1

03,075 1,405,998

10, 888 325, 661

9,220
8,984
10,068

3,802
3,470
3,616

142.682
89,940
93.039

146, 760

43.722

716,641

201,858 26,352 98,671 15.177

59.866
46.403
28,773
33,951
.32,865

35,116
38,837

6.248
5.310
4.409
4,937
5,448

5,762
5,779

21.009
17.202
21,447
25,493
13,620

17,9^4
29,628 ,

4. 9.S9
2.390
2. 403
2,773
2,652

3,104
4,511

10,754
12,829
12.410
14, 444
14,276
13,634
16,335
14,418
13,896
23,764

3,843
4.229
4,303
4,029
4,453
4,559
4,273
3,898
3,323
6,212

117,135
138, 930
130, 946
150,593
66,118
31,848
21,260
12.806
12,603
34,402

100,869 25,884 I 226,590

31,759
18.656
16.727
21,636
18,091

16,206
16,671

6,801
4,803
4,397
4,835
5,048

5,208
7,313

44. 764
49, 373
37,984
43. 218
51,261

63,378
73,728

Other
coun-
tries

48.504

3,047

1,090
984
973

21.329

1,570
1,781
1,91>
2,323
2,065
1,785
1,725
1,707
2,609
3.765

15,438

2,907
2,535
2,996
3,113
3,887

4.016
4,675

' Aliens intending to return to the United States after n temporary visit abroad for less than a year.

Table 75. — United States citizens permanently departed, fiscal years ended June
SO, 1918 to 1927, by principal countries of intended future permanent residence

Number
departed

Intended future permanent residence

Year

Europe

Asia

1
Canada
and

New- Mexico
found-
land

West
Indies

Central

and

South

America

Other
coun-
tries

Total 10 years, 1918-
1927

454,012

161,776

36,972

171,580 21,069

28,701

31,089

2,826

1918

56,998
39,543
64,564
71,391
79,198
36,260
29,661
25,429
28,182
22,786

1,786
3,976
20,776
33,284
50,197
16,739
10. 397
9.285
9.678
5.658

2,333
2,094
5,715
5,461
5,297
4,566
3,400
2,593
2,376
3,137

34,697 9,015
21,716 2,934
25,094 ! 1,915
23,059 1,766
15,036 1,877

9,023 1,203
10,537 t 594

9, 536 699
11,758 627
11,124 1 439

3,818
2,564
4,564
3,547
2,871
2,479
2,925
1,975
2,453
1,505

4,957
5,944
6,165
4,010
3,639
1,875
1,561
1,114
1,101
723

392

1919

315

1920

335

1921

264

1922

281

1923

375

1924

247

192-

227

1926

189

1927

200

188 REPOKT OF I'll-: <i).\l.Mls-;|n.N Kii liKXERAL o l' I M M K ; l{.\ri< i\

Table 76. — Immigration to the United Stales, 1S20 to 1927 , by year:

[No olRciil records were made of the inflii
the uumber of itnmiprants arrived in t.'
to 1820 is not accurately known, it is est i

ipulation to this country prior to 1S20. All In.
itos from the dose of the Kevolutionary War
■d authorities at J.'iO.OOOl

Note.— For 1820 to 1867 the flgiues are for alien passengers arriving; for 18(VS to 1903, for iriimigr
arriving; for 1904 to 1906, for aliens admitted; nnd for !W7 to W>~ , for immigrant alien* •iditiilie.i. i
years from 1820 to 18:jl and l'«44 to IS ;■ ' •' ' -'.^ptembtr 30; fro: ' • ' ' nli-i

to 1V)7 those ending December 31; - June 30. The i- imt 1.5

months ending December 31, 1832; ,• .. 1843; 15 month.- niMrai,

1850; and 6 months ending June 30, iv.>.

Grand
years

Total
1821-

total 108
, 1820-1927.

10 years,
-1830

36, 933, 379

1855-
1856-
1857.
1858.
1859.
1860.

1861.
1862-

Total
1861

10
1870

200, 877
200, 436
251. 306
12.^. 126
121,282
153, 640

1S20.

8,385

143, 439

years,

1X21.
1K22.

is'':i

^, 127

6,911

6, 354

7,912

10, 199

10,837

18,875

27, 382

22, 520

23, 322

2, 314, 824

91, 918

1S21

01. 985

is;2.i

1863-

1861

1865

186f.

1867

1868.

1869.

1870.

1871.
1872

Total
1871-

1 76, 282

1S2()

10:5. 418

1K27-
1S2S_
1S2')

Tot:il
1831-

-

248. 120
318. .568
315. 722

1830.

10
-1880.

=
years,

138,840
352, 768
387, 20:!

11) vcars,
-1840

599, 125

1831
183''

22. 033
00, 482
58, 640
05, 365
15. 374
70. 242
79, 340
38.914
68, 069
84, 066

2, 812, 191

1K33-

321. 350

1S34

404, 806

1835.
183t)

1873.
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877-
1878.
1879.
1880.

1881.
1882.
1883-
1884.
1885.
1886.
18S7.
1888.
1889.
1890.

1891-
1892-

459, 803
313,339

1837-

227, 498

183S

10
-1890.

years,

169, 986

1S30

111. 857

1810

Total
1881-

138, 469

Total
1841-

177. 826
457, 257

10 veare,
-1850.".

1, 713, 251

isn

80. 289
104. .5«i5
52. 496
78, 615
114,371
154, 416
234. 968
226, 527
207. 024
369, 980

5, 246,613

184'

1843

669, 431

1841

788, 992

184.)

603, 322

1846.
1847-

518. .592
395, 346

1848

334, 203

1849

490, 109

1850-

Total
1891-

10
-1900.

546, 889

Total
1851-

444. 427
455, 302

10 vears,
-1860

2, 598, 214

years,

1851.

379, 466
371. 603
368, 645
427, 833

3, 687, 564

1853

560, 319

1854-

579, 663

HEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 189

1893 439,730

1891 - - 285, 63 1

1895 258, 536

1896-- 343,267

1897 --- 230,832

1898 229, 299

1899 311,715

1900- --. -- 448,572

Total 10 years,

1901-1910 8,795,386

1901 487,918

1902 648, 743

1«»()3 - 857, 046

1904 812. 870

1905 1, 026, 499

1906 1, 100, 735

1907 1, 285, 349

19()S 782, 870

1909 _ 751, 7S6

1910 1, 041. 570

Total 10 years,

1911-1920 5,735,811

1911 878,587

1912 838, 172

1913 1, 197, 892

1914 1, 218,480

1915 326, 700

1916 298,826

1917 295,403

1918 110,618

1919... 141,132

1920 430, 001

TotaI7voars, 1921-

1927 3,278,576

1921 805. 228

1922-. 309. 5i:6

1923 522, 919

1924 706.896

1925 _ 294, 314

1926 304, 488

1927 - 335, 175

190 RKPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

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196 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

Table 79. — Immigrant aliens admitled, fiscal years ended J line 30, l!itt In
by countries of last permanent residence — Continued

Country of last permanent
residence

1921

1922

1923

1924

1925

1926

1927

Total 7

years,

1921-1«'27

All countries

805,228

309,556

522, 919

706,896

294.314

304,488

335, 175

3, 278, 576

Europe, total

652, 364

216, 385

307,920

364, 339

148,366

155, 562

168,368

2, 013, 304

Albania ' .. . ..

250
7,505
2,065

550
13.554

79
899
726
140

2,462
243

2,444
131
480

3.906
46,068

13,897

12,378

897

826

616

26,650

6,203

263

472

150

1,723

5,975

5,341

619
1,163
1,775

275
8,391
2.043
2<H
724
144

158

1,102
718
175

2, 953
210

2.549
132
491

4,181
50.421

10,599

13,661

1,268

1,121

906

24,897

8,253

298

636

127

1,753

5,756

V,126

666
1,211
1.766

326
8, 513
1,994

210
1,059

320

243

1,016
764
222

3,540
223

2, .505
139
438

4,405
48,513

, 9,990

12,611

1,06.8

2,089

813

28,545

17,297

403

770

111

1.733

6,068

9,211

567
1,270
1,183

429
8,287
2,121

216
1,190

388

730

Austria .. . .. .

4,947

6,166

585

40,884

5.019

1.541

297

12,541

8,103

1,590

392

13,840

28, 591

Beljiiuni .. .. ..

13, 570

Bulgaria

2,361

Czechoslovakia '

89, 774

Danzi;?, Free City of '

(i76

Denmark.

6.260

2,709

4,523

5,281
7()5
3,662
6.387
7.5. 091

24.466

33,471

1,5.13

4. S71

5,806

17,111

56.246

1,473

2. 369

26. 271

Estonia '

1,167

Finland '

3, 795
9,552
6,803

33, 431

15,954

1, 757

28,502

7,702

28,435

222,280

2.767
4.220
17.931

15. 249
9,018
886
3.457
5. 756
10, 579
40.319

3,644
4,380
48, 277

21,558
23,019
1, 1S2
3,333
5,'J14
15, 740
46, 674

15, 277

France, including Corsica

37,031

Qerinanv

293.104

Great Britain:

England .

129, 190

Scotland

120, 112

Wales

H, til 1

44, 199

Hungary

27. .M 3

In-land

151,967

Italy, including Sicily and Sardinia.
Latvin 1

397. 252
2.437

Lithuania'

4,247

388

Netherlands

6,493

7,423

95.069

19. 195

25,817

6,398

23,818
9,171
7,106
6.391

23,536
4,894

1,990

5,292

28,635

1.950
10,287
17.143

665
6,624
3,398
1,660
6,047

405

3,150
11,745
26, .538

2.384
11,947
17,,W7

8-1 1
17,916
3, 349
3.743
6,181

450

3,783
11,986
28,806

2,769
11.142
12,649

932
18,310
3,842
1,481
5,835

328

20.625

Norway

54. 245

Poland '- -

200. 746

PortuKiI, including Azores. Cape

\'erdc, and Madeira Islands

Rumania

28,1.^.0
62.837

Russia

58, 421

Spain, including Canary and
Balearic Islands

27,286

Sweden

77,212

.Switzerland

23. 8,53

Turkey in Europe

13,964

YuKoslavia '

44, 572

Other Europe

6,93£

Asia, total

25.034

14.263

13, 705

22,065

3.578

3. 413

3,669

85,727

China

4,009

511

7.878

4,406

360

6,716

4,986

257

.S,S09

6,992
183
8,801
2.W6
2,820
323

1.937

65

723

670

51

132

1. 751
93
654
679
37
199

1,471
102
723

1,054

73

246

'2r,.r,r,2

India

1, .171

31,304

Palestine and Svria '

5, 349

Turkey in Asia

11,735
901

1,998
783

2,183
470

18,897

Other Asia

3, 0." 1

America, total

124,118

77,448

199, 972

318, 855

141.496

144,393

161.872

1.168, 1. 1

Canada and Newfoundland

72.317

3a 758

13, 774

2,254

5,015

46, 810
19, 551

7,449
970

2,668

117,011

63.768

13. 181

1,275

4.737

200.690

89, 336

17,559

2,000

9,270

102. 753

32. 964

2.106

1,199

2,470

4

93,368

43,316

3,222

1,374

3,107

6

84,580

67, 721

4,019

1,771

3, 777

4

7 17, ,529
347,414

West Indies..

61,310

10,843

South America

31,044

Other America »

14

Others, total

3.712

1,460

1,322

1,637

874

1,120

1,266

11,391

Africa

1.301

2,191
90
130

520

855
60
25

548

711
48
15

900

635
44
58

412

416
46

529

556
35

520

712
34

4 730

Australia, Tasmania, and New
Zealand

6, 076

Other Pacifle islands

3.57

Countries not specified '

228

' Countries added to the list since the World War are theretofore included with the countries to which
they belonged.
» Prior to 1925 other America included with countries not specified.

HKPOUT OF TIIK COINIMISSIONER OKNKHAL OF TM:MIGRATI0X 197

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REPORT OF THE CO^NIMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 199

Table 80. — Emigrant aliens departed, fiscal years ended June SO, 1908 to 1927, by
countries oj intended future 'permanent residence — Continued

Country of intended future per-
manent residence

1921

1922

1923
81,450

1924

1

1925

1926

1927

Total
7 years.
1921-1927

All countries

247, 718

198,712

76, 789

92,728

76.992

73,366

847, 755

215, 245

166,297

61,656

58,988

75,064

60.040

55,402

692, 692

Albania

2S4
217
517
233
1,568

334

466

459

208

2.723

5

562

5

464

1,205

3,646

6,681

1,958

53

6, 574

875

1,133

27, 151

29

511

18

743

1,765

3,721

3.600

1.433

539

3.982

1, 167

423

100

2,464

67

314

487

491

88

2.301

1

691

15

519

1,011

3.908

4,921

1,332

37

5,164

871

1,059

19,980

58

408

7

379

2,087

2,881

2,926

1,404

181

2,465

1,150

486

30
2.342

46

237

468

482

130

2,276

6

536

14

536

1,637

4,748

4,994

1,441

44

3,130

841

1,214

17, 759

21

314

13

456

1,786

2,660

2,347

1,248

239

2.178

1,115

594

24

1,911

13

1,169

1,399

1,430

2,923

15,452

579
1,203

660
7,846

247

672

156

2,074

3,863
5,254

Belgium

Bulgaria

4,398

Czechoslovakia

Danzig, Free Citv of

34,240
12

Denmark

922

690

511

510
11

360
1,249
1,178

4,361

827

60

7,250

522

1,282

22,904

67

335

4,422

Estonia

45

Finland

2,386
3,026
5,263

7,839

1,187

180

13, 423

12,153

1,905

48,192

1,179
2,557
4,362

6,434

915

GO

7,506

4,307

2,182

53,651

396
1,507
1,529

5,505

705

34

2,988

895

1,368

23,329

5,840

France, including Corsica

12, 192

Germany . .

24, 634

Great Britain:

England

Scotland

40.735
8.365

Wales

468

Greece ...

46.035

Hungary

20.464

Ireland

10, 143

Italy, including Sicily and Sardinia

212,966
175

Lithuania . .

1,568

38

Netherlands

Norway

Poland

849

2,406

42,572

5,107
9,297
15,229

3,966

2,913

900

405

13,034

827

SCO

1,427

33,531

5,877
3, 795
6,407

6,793

1.903

886

201

9.733

703

482

946

5,439

2,620
1,169
2,434

2,557

1,179

546

125

2,064

179

345

955

2.594

3, 3.^.7

1,096

572

2,967
830
390
128

1,991
28

4,114
11,372
93.438

25.894
19.442
25.601

24,908
10, 257

Portugal, including Azores, Cape
Verde, and Madeira Islands

Russia

Spain, including Canary and

Balearic Islands

Sweden

Switzerland

4,225

1,013

Yugoslavia

33,539

1,863

Asia, total

12,887

12,814

7,593

6,943

5.411

4.931

6,007

56,586

China

5,451

281

4,375

6,362

267

4,368

3,715

146

2.869

3,847
161

2,155

492

211

77

3,412

128

1. 212

479

89

91

2,989
113

1,208

381

169

71

4,179

126

1.205

327

94

76

29,955

India

1,222

Japan

17, 392

Syria and Palestine

1,679

Turkey in Asia

2,534
246

1,731
86

773
90

5.601

Other Asia

737

.\merica, total

18,561

18, 759

11.615

ia227

11.561

11,485

11,303

93.511

Canada and Newfoundland

Mexico

5,456
5,705
5,050
703
1,647

4.480
6,285
5,252
955
1,787

2.775
2.660
4,183
550
1,447

2.601
1.926
4.081
567
1.052

2,580
2.954
4,035
661
1,331

2,456
3.198
3.839
566
1.425
1

2,440
2,957
3.732
721
1,453

22,788
25, 685

West Indies

30, 172

Central America

4,723

South A merica

10, 142

1

1,025

842

586

631

692

536

654

4,966

Africa

197

742
50
36

133

645
34
30

113

442

22

9

108

485
34
4

154

503
35

126

391
19

112

508
34

943

Australia, Tasmania, and New

3,716

Other Pacifie islands

228

79

200 JtEPOKT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMM IC.RATION

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EEPOET OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 209

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210 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 211

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ace

212 KEPORT OF THE COMMI8SIONEK GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

Table S7. — Immigrant aliens admitted, showing races most important numerically
destined to each State, fiscal years 1911 to 1927 , inclusive

State of intended

future permanent

residence

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

District of Columbia. _

Florida .._

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky.

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland.-

Massachusetts.

Michigan..

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Philippine Islands

Porto Rico

Rhode Island

South Carolina. ._

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

TUah__

Vermont

Virginia

^'irgi^ Islands.

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming..

Total
number
admitted

5,
72,
3,
464,
35,
223,

52,

1

635,

78,

65,

23

7,

23,

99:

49,

758,

520,

148,

4,

76,

44,

37

8

7o;

428,

12

2, 479,

5,

36,

380,

8,

56,

936.

105,

2,

17

6,

40a

24!

38;

28:

191
55.

129,
10,

Race of greatest numerical importance

Highest number

Race

Italian (south)
Scandinavian..

Mexican

German

English

German

Italian (south).

do

do

African (black)

Greek..

Japanese

English

German

Polish

Scandinavian..

German

do

Mexican

French

Hebrew

Italian (south).

English

Scandinavian..

German

do

English

German

Spanish

French

Italian (south).

Mexican

Italian (south).

English

Scandinavian..
Italian (south).

German

English

Italian (south).

Spanish

do

Italian (south).

Greek

Scandinavian..

Hebrew

Mexican

English

French

Scandinavian. .

do

English

Italian (south).

German

Italian (south).

Number of
immigrants,
1911 to 1927

1, 466
1,106

61, 538
736

73, 822
6. 555

60, 086
2,591
2,966

19. 585
1,621

37, 950

3, 372
80. 926

7.610
14, 449
7.276
1,689
3,514

48, 558
10. 579

111.004
112, 142

49, 857
644

14. 213

7,945

11,700

1,791

34. 264

89. 117

7,360

538. 432

838

14. 091

56, 074

1,729

10, 875

224. 668

49

4.639

20. 254
616

7,289

1, 335

367, 990

4.822

18, 349

4. 169

71
39, 890

19, 514
39, 299

1,301

Second highest number

Race

Greek

English

Spanish

English_

Mexican

Italian (south).

Polish

do

English

Cuban

Hebrew. _

Spanish

Scandinavian.-

Polish .

Rumanian

German

Mexican

Hebrew.

Italian (south).

English.

Italian (south).

English

Scotch

German

Italian (south).

do

Scandinavian..

do

Italian (north).

Greek

Polish

Italian (south).

Hebrew

Greek

German

do

English

German

Polish

English

African (black)

French

Hebrew

German

English

German...

Greek

English

do

African (black)
Scandinavian..

Greek

Scandinavian...
English

Number of
immigrants,
1911 to 1927

1,145

967

3,719

439

73, 305

4,370

24, 557

2,240

2.778

10, 767

1.505

5,450

2,629

77, 923

5,952

12, 707

2,651

932

3,160

20,658

7,111

108. 221

oh, 934

14.626

605

9,826

7,916

6, 986

1,546

10, 920

47, 753

849

448, 774

809

8, 830

46, 482

1,056

8.878

94,424

41

1, 510

20, 093

460

4,186

962

6,527

3.268

6, 054

3,995

30

36, 420

5. 369

14, 103

1.203

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 213

Table 88. — Immigrant aliens admitted, with comparative per cent, by sex, fiscal
years ended June 30, 1871 to 1927

Total im-
migrants

Number

Per cent

Period

Male

Female

Male

Female

Grand total, 57 years, 1871-1927 ---

29, 556, 141

18, 871, 569

10,684,572

63.8

36.2

Total, 10 years, 1871-1880. -

2, 812, 191

1, 725, 148

1, 087, 043

61.3

38.7

1871 -

321, 350
404, 806
459, 803
313,339
227, 498
169, 986
141,857
138, 469
177, 826
457, 257

190, 428
240, 170
275, 792
189, 225
139, 950
111,786
92, 033
86, 259
111,882
287, 623

130, 922
164, 636
184,011
124,114
87, 548
58, 200
49, 824
52, 210
65, 944
169,634

59.3
59.3
60.0
60.4
61.5
65.8
64.9
62.3
62.9
62.9

40.7

1872 -

40.7

1873 -

40.0

1874 - -

39.6

1875

38.5

1876 - - - --

34.2

1877

35.1

1878

37.7

1879 --

37.1

1880 --- - -

37.1

Total 10 years, 1881-1890

5, 246, 613

3,205,911

2, 040, 702

61.1

38.9

1881

669, 431
788, 992
603, 322
518, 592
395, 346
334, 203
490, 109
546, 889
444, 427
455, 302

410, 729
498, 814
363, 863
308, 509
226, 382
200. 704
306, 658
345, 375
263, 024
281,853

258, 702
290, 178
239, 459
210, 083
168, 964
1.3.3, 499
183, 451
201, 514
181, 403
173, 449

61.4
63.2
60.3
59.5
57.3
60.1
62.6
63.2
59.2
61.9

38.6

1882 .. --

36.8

1883

39.7

1884

40.5

1885 - --

1886 - -- -

42.7
39.9

1887

37.4

1888 .--

36.8

1889 ---

40.8

38.1

3, 687, 564

2, 297, 330

1, 390, 234

62.3

37.7

560, 319
579, 663
439, 730
285,631
258, 536
343, 267
230, 832
229, 299
311,715
448. 572

354, 059
361, 864
280, 344
169, 274
149, 016
212, 466
135, 107
135, 775
195, 277
304, 148

206, 260
217, 799
159, 386
116,357
109, 520
130, 801
95, 725
93, 524
116,438
144, 424

63.2
62.4
63.8
59.3
57.6
61.9
58.5
59.2
62.6
67.8

36.8

1892

37.6

36.2

1894 - ._

40.7
42.4

1896

38.1

41.5

1898

40.8

37.4

1900

32.2

Total, 10 years, 1901-1910 ..

8, 795, 386

6, 141, 942

2, 653, 444

69.8

30.2

1901

487, 918

648, 743

857, 046

812, 870

1, 026, 499

1, 100, 735

1, 285, 349

782, 870

751, 786

1, 041, 570

331, 055
466, 369
613, 146
549, 100
724, 914
764, 463
929, 976
506, 912
519, 969
736, 038

156, 863
182, 374
243, 900
263, 770
301, 585
336, 272
355, 373
275, 958
231,817
305, 532

67.9
71.9
71.5
67.6
70.6
• 69.5
72.4
64.8
69.2
70.7

32.1

28.1

1903

28.5

1904

32.4

1905 . . -- - -

29.4

1906 -

30.5

1907 - - -

27.6

1908

35.2

1909

30.8

29.3

5,735,811

3, 643, 385

2, 092, 426

63.5

36.5

878, 587

838, 172

1, 197, 892

1, 218, 480

326, / 00

. 298, 826

295, 403

110,618

141, 132

430. 001

570, 057
529, 931
808, 144
798, 747
187, 021
182, 229
174, 479
61, 880
83, 272
247, 625

308, 530
308, 241
389, 748
419, 733
139, 679
116,597
120, 924
48, 738
57, 860
182, 376

64.9
63.2
67.5
65.6
57.2
61.0
,59.1
55.9
59.0
57.6

35.1

1912 . -.

36.8

1913 -

32.5

1914 -. - .

34.4

42.8

1916

39.0

1917 . .

40.9

1918

44. 1

1919 -

41.0

1920 -.-

42.4

Total, 7 years, 1921-1927

3, 278, 576

1,857.853

1, 420, 723

56.7

43.3

1921

805, 228
309, 556
522,919
706, 896
294, 314
304, 488
335, 175

449, 422
149, 741
307, 522
423, 186
163,252
170, 567
194, 103

355, 806
159,815
215, 397
283, 710
131,062
133, 921
141,012

5,";. 8
48.4
58.8
59.9
55. 5
56.0
57.9

44.2

51.6

1923

41.2

1924

40.1

1925

44.5

1926

44.0

1927

42.1

214 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENER-\L OF IMMIGR.VT10N

Table S9. — Emigrant aliens departed, with eomparatire per eeni. by $ez, <«■•.
uears ended June SO. 190S to ISST

Total

Xomber

PcroeDt

' «nignnt5

i

Male

Female
777,410

Male
79.6

F«n:il*

Gnad tool 30 Trwrs. 1906-19(7.
Total 3 rears. 190^1910

3.si&.oeo

X0M.6S0

X.4

S23.311

S7«.539

14«.772

02^3

17. »

19K.
19Q9.

386. 073

>2».8aa

3«3.SS3
17&.614
lM.8tt

52.190
47. 3M

76. 5

11 »
20 »

mo.

Totii 10 ywMs. mi-nao

23.5

2.I4C.9M

1,742.290

404.605

81.2

U.8.

1911

296. «r^
333.?

3W.!'

2i-. :4^

:<».5.::

lflL2

1913.
WU-
1914.
1915.
191«.

""""-"--

17. r

1917. - -

9(.S85
US. SB
306.315

1

19l».
1919.
1».

Total 7 Twm. 1991-19117

- -

:: 5

M7.755

C3l.su

225.943

73.3

JClT

mu.

2«7.7U

109.134

5«.5»4

75.4

"2 1

:l4
-a 2

2S

1923.

laa

: 36. 712

32.8^

1934.

25.4

1935.

23.*

19M.
IJB7

I Sex of 29.7K estioutc .

!3cr. laaTlor tbe I mt«d »utcs via Canadiao border, was reported

KEPORT OF THE lOMMIsSIONEK GEXEKAL OF IMMIGRATION 215

Table 90. — I mmigrard aliem ■.
Jam 30, 1916 to 1927, by

periods, fiscal ytart ended
>ini rciidence and tex

Countries of last permaoeat

5 years.

19ie-1930

5 ywrs. 1921-lSS

I rear. 19W

l7«ar.ia27

residence

Male

ronale

^(ale

Female

Mafe

Female,

MaV

Female

All countries

749.485

123 1.143.7SO

170. 5<r-

133.921

m.ia

141,012

Europe, total

332.667

.,.. .^

,..,832 7C7.5i2

76.191

75.371

91.205

77,163

,aia

"T278'

4.085

920

1,127

'"3.097"
4.214

126
2.299

248

14,030

6,1W

1.134

40,936

108

13.202

545

6.148

!? 1?*

44!602
24:

81

12.443

5.856

830

42.355

135

8,015

351

8.200

15.017

U.965

T.'Tf

U,-\}
54. 5U

80
439

357
«)

176

2.105

36,292

'■, -M!
12. OK

913
3.148
2, €79

406
492

«Z1

1S»

GO
f/Z

3«

K-,

315
2,076
24.129 ,

5.«8

7.724

515

9M

SI ''

12.292

5.074
183

T»

«2

840

..<■>

261 ,
719

'.It"

79W

146

675
157

143
516
358
1%5

2»,er3

15.134

0. <

41i

liao

480

221

100

4%

BiEkiTn

40C

^^^CtL>

57

:« City oi. ........

: 723

7,292

I'm

"70

319

lO.eas

3.228

27.e«>e

i '

51 -

9.578

85.144

437

10.7»5?
3, or.

«0 r-

1 ^'0
14;8<!3

85.394

lading Corsica ,

:>.9«

-in:
1

.1

13.411

iding Skfly aiid

"Hft

416

-_•

]

10.039 7.160
27.0e« , 15.365
7S.57B 1 107.830

1

8.060
3Q.9(e,
32.W'

22.297 4.234

;

7. COS
10.357
2.812

36 .
13.:

3'.. 436

U '■'

4

4.765 '

8.511

2.001

5.254 '■

..^

■*'."

ng Azores.

::::::::::::::::::

-, -

anary and

165

58^

891

154
710

167

Asia, total

3t...y-

-..-.

,..•-..- :. .■^_,

-.->

1.127

2.311

1.3S8

3.620

521

21. 3U

■2 \f*

1ft. 774 5. VA
l.lsl

1.377
137

374

29
202
437

23 ,

1.045

«

490

514

U

179

428
34

Tjj

ind Palestine

540

• v in Asia

4 ; -

58

- A«ia

67

- -ica. total

373

.: i' : ^39.422'

91.444

52.949

90.800

61,982

i Newfoundland..

22&
84

3f. •
6. ■
16. 5.V

:.

■^12 !9I 227 *»

2 2

2

40.325

9.606

1.315

M8

1,062

4

45.196
48.653

2,305
993

2,5U

».S4

19 068

1 514

erica

1.234

4

6.844

3.936

910

2.652
213

1»1

5.1N5

2.239

2.S27 ,
1S3 ,
137

3,819

616

474

757

509

1,686

4,071
365
722

1,442

2,181
105
91 .

327

296
23

202

260
12

332

407

18

188

-inia. and

305

nds

C;;:. •.:... no: i;.*cified

16

216 KEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMKiKAl'lOX

Table 91. — Emigrant aliens departed during .specified perioda, fincal yearn ended
June 30, 1916 to 1927, by countries of intended jut ure permanent residence and
sex

Countries of intended future

5 years. 1916-1920

5 years.

921-1925

1 year

. 1926

1 year

, 1927

permanent residence

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

All countries -.

565, 319

137, 145

515,287

182, 110

54,989

22,003

51,536

21,830

434, 075

76,165

430,223

147. 027

43, 413

16, 627

38,832

16, 570

593

1.870

2,444

4,006

21, 139

3

1,822

12

3,017

4,837

9,145

14.973

2,695

224

34,751

12,438

2,981

143, 725

00

576

12

2,030

4.006

63,709

1^665
12,208
20,432

17,987

4.517

1.9-13

873

23.883
1.647

25

1, 0:«

1,837

174

8,524

2
1.373

4
1,768
4.707
6,833

15. 817
2,897
16:i
2,990
6.314
4,889

31,502

36

270

6

1,249

3.493

24. 198

4,956
4,582
4,749

2,278
3,475
1,202
86
5.403
157

294

283

261

82

1,543

1

398

13

317

545

1,887

2.371

()50

20

4.668
476
448

16,693

33

277

4

235

1.376

2,062

2.399
913
129

2.172

702

294

29

1,797

41

20

204

230

6

758

223
264
2.54
118
1.601
5
316

11

295

807

2,216

2,436

646

27

2,680
481
505

15,087

11

213

5

276

1.158

1.934

1.883
819
159

1.941

643

339

23

1,448

8

14

2.292
1,559
7,468
9,730

544
1,001

151
1,417

204

Belgium --.

228

12

fi75

1

1,781

1,601

293

2

202

466

2,021

2,550
682
17
496
395
611

3,287
25
131
3
144
711
819

527

491

62

293
448
192

1
645

5

220

3

1,054
10,334
2,245

10,928

1,701

229

43.708

12.358

2,852

201,685

410
5,406
1,632

10,820
2,507
177
1,937
2.680
4,482

19,163

241

France, including Corsica

Germany

S30
2. .V12

Great Britain:

England

2.558

Scotland

795

Wales

17

Greece

■l.SO

:<»>o

709

Italy, including Sicily and
Sardinia

2.672

10

101

8

N elherlauds

1,471
5.998
16.661

10.693
19.337
17,872

16,041
5.258
1.290
1.823

25.587
2.120

859
3,«98
1,529

3,207
2,280
2,118

1,637

3.139

748

102

2,887

24

180

628

Poland

716

Portugal, including Azores,
Cape Verde, and Madeira

464

Rumania

429

Russia

80

Spain, including Canary and
Balearic Islands

237

Sweden

472

Switzerland

255

Turkev in Eiu'ope .

1

463

5

Asia, total

22.371

3.249

38.981

6,667

4,234

697

6,315

092

China

11,041

743

7,340

086

135

2,207

21, 627
799

10,807

738

4.550

460

1,160
184

4,172
233

788
130

2,809

86

8:»

286

166

54

180
27

375

96

3

17

3,945

102

H94

234

74

66

234

India

24

Japan

:ui

93

Turkev in Asia

1,675
1,572

169
112

20

Other Asia .

10

America, total-

107,188

56,598

43,872

26,851

7,004

4,481

7,007

4. 296

Canada and Newfoundland..

54.776

31.479

15.531

1,586

3,816

25,494
19.986

8.618
943

1.557

11,229
12,540
12, 958
2.053
5,092

6,603
6.990
9.043
1.383
2,172

1,631

2. lt>4

1.999

316

894

825

i,o:m

1,840
250
531

1

1,549

2,139

1,975

435

909

891

818

West Ind ies

1,757

286

544

Others, total

1.685

1, 133

2,211

1,665

338

198

382

272

Africa. .

308

1,216
88
73

188

881
41
23

465

1,570
119
57

240

1,247
56
22

86

236
16

40

156
3

73

286
23

39

Australia. Tasmania, and
New Zealand ... .

222

Other Pacific islands

11

Countries not specifieii

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 219

Table 93. — Immigrant aliens admitted during specified periods, fiscal years ended
June 30, 1916 to 1927, by race or people and sex

[For annual total by race, see Table 81J

Race or people

Total 749,485

6 years, 1916-1920

African (black)

Armenian

Bohemian and Moravian

(Czech)

Bulgarian, Serbian, and

Montenegrin

Chinese

Croatian and Slovenian

Cuban

Dalmatian, Bosnian, and

H ei/.PRovinian

Dutch and Flemish.

East Indian...

English...

Finnish

French.

German

Greek

Hebrew.

Irish

Italian (north)

Italian (south)

Japanese

Korean

Lithuanian

Magyar

Mexican

Pacific Islander

Polish

Portuguese

Rumanian

Russian ,

Kuthenian (Russniak) ,

Scandinavian (Norwegians,

Danes, and Swedes)

Scotch ,

Slovak

Spanish

Spanish American..

Syrian

Turkish

Welsh

West Indian (except Cuban)
Other peoples

Male Female

526, 495

16, 773
3,601

6S4

4,934

7,945

926

7,225

235

17,535 1

381 [

85,329 I

10,073 I

50,820

18,223

56,229

28,048

35, 762

13, 130

85,524

20,997

235

1,217

722

80,296

32

6,614

26,382

1,648

10, 752

2,367

44,064

32,025

1,749

51.823

9,561

3,379

793

2,378

2,783

6,291

15, 477
1,849

879

765
1,558

719
3,503

55

11,966

57

81,320

5,821

39, 931

14, 181

13, 895

25,421

35, 687

10,799

75, 792

26,142

411

578

1,029

50,828

23

4,916

15, 087

969

3,240

619

28,327
31,588
3,016
8,182
4,164
1,761
59
1,746
3,035
1,100

6 years, 1921-1925

Male Female

1,493,123 1,145,790

16, 381
8,312

9,496

7,298
15,423
10, 927

4,001

1,122

18,894

868

155,583

6,445

80,996

143, 293

27,267

128,777

87, 695

38,099

209,620

12,471

196

2,316

13. 979

157. 181

27

28,660

19,603

5,631

11,896

3,242

91,309

94,815

25, 371

30,862

7,585

5,080

625

4.810

2,900

4,067

19,328
10,061

9,572

6,565

3,524

12, 711

1,891

1,032

14,501

63

134, 516

8,045

62,986

127. 478

18, 879

153,783

83,963

17. 872

112,844

16,236

205

4,263

16,688

73,403

22

34,602

8,534

5,329

8,579

2,605

49,935

72,887

28,050

6,242

4,590

4,611

447

3,318

3,632

1,998

1 year, 1926

Male Female

170, 567

388
189

1,118

234
1,182

259
1,079

31

1,760

46

23,542

270

12,509

30,704

344

4,568

22,941

764

3,200

425

39

123

447

33,304

2

1,273

483

99

419

263

11,437

13,409

357

427

1,601

184

18

845

171

213

1 year, 1927

Male Female

133, 921 194, 163

506

552

415
263

1,376 I 1,239

298
193
433
397

44

1,396

4

20,664

404

9,728

27, 971

1,041

5,699

19,534

722

4,688

173

13

270

629

9,334

1,902
310
220
519
242

7,981

13,889

177

272

1,018
304
79
569
202
168

322

830

352

1,435

37

1,713

47

20,768

278

10,396

33,142

864

5,255

24,149

1,433

7,826

449

40

246

467

48,107

5

2,177

653

184

586

246

12,546

12,940

634

648

1,923

302

39

775

188

244

141, 012

640
720

1,167

278
221
469
484

32

1,412

4

19, 397

351

8,917

23,445

1,693

6,228

20,577

1,204

8,066

211

7

303

682

18,659

3

2,072

190

238

6«3

199

6,689

12,604

383

417

1,262

382

73

525

193

152

220 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION

Table 94. — Emigrant aliens departed during specified periods, fiscal years ended
June 30, 1916 to 19^7 , by race or people and sex

(For annual total by race, see Table 82]

5 years, 1916-1920

Race or people

Male Female

S years, 1921-1926 I 1 year, 1926

1 year, 1927

Male Female Male Female Male

Female

Total 565,319 137,145 515,287 1S2, 110 ' 54,

22,003 ' 51,536

African (black)

Armenian..

Bohemian and Moravian

(Czech)

Bulgarian, Serbian, and

Montenegrin

Chinese

Croatian and Slovenian

Cuban . . -

Dalmatian, Bosnian, and

Herzegovinian

Dutch and Flemish..

East Indian

English

Finnish..

French —

German -.

Greek

Hebrew

Irish

Italian (north)

Italiun (south) i

Japnnese I

Kor.; in i

Lithu.inian

Magyar

Mexican -

I'iii iftr Islander

I'olish

Portuguese

Ku- 1 inian

Kus-^Kin

Kutli'Tiian (Russnlftk)

Sciauliiittviiin (N'orwcgians,

Danes, and Swe<lefl)

Scotch

Slovak

Spanish

Spanish A mejican

Svriiin

Turk.sh.

Welsh

West In'llan (except Cuban)

Other pe<jples I

Not specified

4,099
2,000

1,082

26,241
10,807
7,156
5.027

1,418
4,362
634
28.826
4,106
13,112
4,010 i
43,773 1
1.446 I
7,154
15.143 :
188,191 I
7,327
164 i
733 (
12,623 I
30,811 I

18,213
10, .»S
19,455 ,
16,865
646 <

16,S69
6.749

I1,7SH

20, .172
2. 547
1,881
1.720
6Sfl
1,230
3.910

10,728

2,624
25

145

4,298
1,029

3,760
58

6,287 I 3,654 t

2,377 17,633 3, 333 i

402 21,357 ' 829 i

610 7,334 I 1,350 :

2, 459 3, 237 1, 730 i

6.749

4. 536 1

I1,7SH

1,4'Jl

20, 572

■.'. .'.W

2.547

l.L'42 •

1.8S1

293

1.720

4H

6Sfl

273

1,230

1,281

3.910

-<«»

140
2,192
15
19, 191
1,1:33
9,939
2.714
1.997
.V)0
6,073
2, 7.'W
16.876 ,
2,09.S
24 t
103 I
3,564
19.796 I
II
1.844
3,290
2,355 i
2,018 I
112 I

9.411

4,;
i.j

^!i
1.;

9,114

1,608 I
4.851

672 I
22.596
3.201
6.247

12. 179 '
34,990 I

1.622
4. 1S2
22.S57
121, MO

10,752 I

161 j

8.034 I

13, 166 I
11,789 I

15 ,

61.259 I

15.893 I

ll.»^19 I

14,697

859 I

11.802 I

4.010

17.437 I

21.151

4.3»iO '

3.491 ;

1,463 I

329 I

1,443 I

2,738 I

701
3,191

36 I
22,286
1,865
5,515
8.707 ,
3,183 ,
655 •
5, :J62
5, SSI :
25. 797 i
4,087 I
35 I
3.096 I
6,705 i
6^732 I

5 ;

33,513 I

5.142 '

4.529 I

2,511 I

211 I

8,968 ;
4. nil '

1,011
9rt

216
1.796

942

379
83

931

1,320

2,746

468

763

368

574

65

3,481

345

699

2,269

4,694

225

563

2,144

14.546

830

20

289

585

2,131

1

2,010

2,439

861

400

54

3,673
1,055

■■25
•13
M7
184
185
47
265
282

486
7

537

361
127
124

524

177

419

4

3,454
215
578

2,240
494
116
662
892

2,422
371

150

478

1,027

813
550
441
181
U

1,615

857

225

429

557

76

16

29

396

36

365
42

1,176

1,229

3,910

207

638

249 I
588 I
74 I
3,758
321 1
912 I
2,636
2,689
148
674
1,647
13,513
852
45
216
541
1,978
4
1,977
1,899
792
345
15

2,269

962

547

2.382

1,121

133

137

44

304

197

21,830

fi05
9

548

363

207

44

342

131
417

9

3,691

256

849

2,879

451

76

758

562

2,114

296

7
115
405
796

3
748
464
400
165

4

1,409

9f*

146

399

671

70

29

21

450

44

RKPORT OF THE COManSSIONER GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION 221

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