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Given By
IT. S. Dfipt. of Justice
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UNITED S TAT E S
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
Immigration and Naturalization Service
Washington , D. C.
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30,
19 54
DEPARTMEIVT OF JUSTICE
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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Immigration and Naturalization Service
Washington 25, D. C.
Report of the Commissioner
of Immigration and Naturalization
The Attorney General
United States Department of Justice
Sir: I have the honor to submit the Annual Report of the Immigration and Naturalization
Service for the year ending June 30, 1954. The report consists of a narrative and statis-
tical tables and charts covering the accomplishments of the Service.
Mr. Argyle R. Mackey was the Commissioner until May 24, 1954, when I became Commis-
sioner of the Service. The report lists, in the introduction, some of my plans for the
fiscal year 1955, as well as the accomplishments of the past year.
Respectfully submitted,
Commissioner
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction
Legislation and Litigation 4
Entry and Departure 10
Immigrants 10
Visa petitions _ 15
Nonimmigrants 17
Border crossers 21
Emigrants and nonemigrants 23
Exclusions 24
Alien Address Reports 25
Adjustment of Status 26
Suspension of deportation 26
Displaced persons in the United States 27
The Refugee Relief Act (Sec. 6) _ — — 28
Adjustment of status from nonimmigrant to immigrant _ _ „ _ _ 29
Adjustment of status of resident aliens to nonimmigrant status . 30
Creation of record of admission for permanent residence 30
Rescission of adjustment of status - — 30
Border P atrol _ 3 1
Detention 36
Parole 39
Deportation _ 41
Investigations _ _ _ _ 43
Nationality 47
Declarations filed _ — 47
Petitions filed _ 48
Statutory provisions applied 48
Persons naturalized 48
Plans for the future 49
P etitions denied 50
N aturalizations revoked _.. 50
Loss of nationality by expatriation 51
Citizenship acquired by resumption or repatriation ..._ 51
D erivative citizenship 52
Citizenship Services S3
Page
Administration 57
Personnel 57
Budget 58
Finance 58
Statistics 59
Records administration 60
Services and supplies 61
Publications 62
Appendix I Judicial Opinions in Litigation 63
APPENDIX II
Table 1. Immigration to the United States: 1820 - 1954
Table 2. Aliens and citizens admitted and departed, by months: Years ended June
30, 1953 and 1954
Table 3. Aliens admitted, by classes under the immigration laws: Years ended June
30, 1950 to 1954
Table 4. Immigration by country, for decades: 1820 to 1954
Table 5. Immigrant aliens admitted and emigrant aliens departed, by port or district
Years ended June 30, 1950 to 1954
Table 6. Immigrant aliens admitted, by classes under the immigration laws and coun-
try or region of birth: Year ended June 30, 1954
Table 6A. Immigrant aliens admitted, by classes under the immigration laws and coun-
try or region of last permanent residence: Year ended June 30, 1954
Table 6B. Immigrant aliens admitted to the United States under the Displaced Persons
Act of 1948, as amended, by classes and country or region of birth; June 25, 1948 -
June 30, 1954
Table 6C. Refugees, displaced persons, and other immigrant aliens admitted to the
United States, by country or region of birth: Year ended June 30, 1954
Table 7. y- Annual quotas and quota immigrants admitted: Years ended June 30, 1950
to 1^4
Table-'8. Immigrant aliens admitted, by country or region of birth and major occupa-
/tion/group: Year ended June 30, 1954
Table 9. Immigrant aliens admitted, by country or region of birth, sex, and age: Year
ended June 30, 1954
Table 10. Immigrant aliens admitted by race, sex, and age: Year ended June 30, 1954
Table lOA. Immigrant aliens admitted and emigrant aliens departed, by sex, age,
illiteracy, and major occupation group: Years ended June 30, 1950 to 1954
Table lOB. Immigrant aliens admitted and emigrant aliens departed, by country or regioi
of birth, sex, and marital status: Year ended June 30, 1954
Table 11. Aliens and citizens admitted and departed: Years ended June 30, 1908 to
1954
Table 12. Immigrant aliens admitted and emigrant aliens departed, by State of intended
future or last permanent residence: Years ended June 30, 1950 to 1954
Table 12A. Immigrant aliens admitted, by rural and urban area and city: Years ended
June 30, 1950 to 1954
Table 13. Immigrant aliens admitted and emigrant aliens departed, by country or region
of last or intended future permanent residence: Years ended June 30, 1950 to 1954
Table 13A. Immigrant aliens admitted, by country or region of birth: Years ended June
30, 1945 to 1954
Table 14. Emigrant aliens departed, by race, sex, and age: Year ended June 30, 1954
Table 14A. Emigrant aliens departed, by country or region of birth and major occupation
group: Year ended June 30, 1954
Table 15. Emigrant aliens departed, by country or region of birth, sex, and age: Year
ended June 30, 1954
Table 16. Nonimmigrant aliens admitted, by classes under the immigration laws and
country or region of birth: Year ended June 30, 1954
Table 17. Nonimmigrant aliens admitted, by classes under the immigration laws and
country or region of last permanent residence: Year ended June 30, 1954
APPENDIX II (Continued)
Table 18. Nonimmigrant aliens admitted and nonemigrant aliens departed, by country
or region of last or intended future permanent residence: Years ended June 30, 1950
to 1954
Table 19. Nonimmigrant aliens in the United States, by district: On June 30, 1953 and
1954
Table 20. Aliens excluded from the United States, by cause: Years ended June 30,
1948 to 1954
Table 21. Aliens excluded, by country or region of birth and cause: Year ended June
30, 1954
Table 22. Alien crewmen deserted at United States air and seaports, by nationality
and flag of carrier Year ended June 30, 1954
Table 23. Vessels and airplanes inspected, crewmen arrived and examined, and
stowaways arrived, by districts: Years ended June 30, 1953 and 1954
Table 24. Aliens deported, by country to which deported and cause: Year ended June
30, 1954
Table 24A. Aliens deported and aliens departing voluntarily: Years ended June 30,
1892 to 1954
Table 25. Aliens deported, by country to which deported and deportation expense
Year ended June 30, 1954
Table 26. Inward movement of aliens and citizens over international land boundaries,
by State and port: Year ended June 30, 1954
Table 27. United States citizens returning at land border ports, by districts: Years
ended June 30, 1950 to 1954
Table 28. Inward movement of aliens and citizens over international land boundaries:
Years ended June 30, 1928 to 1954
Table 29. Principal activities and accomplishments of immigration border patrol, by
districts: Year ended June 30, 1954
Table 30. Passenger travel between the United States and foreign countries, by port
of arrival or departure: Year ended June 30, 1954
Table 31. Passengers arrived in the United States from foreign countries, by country
of embarkation: Year ended June 30, 1954
Table 32. Passengers departed from the United States to foreign countries, by country
of debarkation: Year ended June 30, 1954
Table 33. Aliens deported, by cause: Years ended June 30, 1908 to 1954
Table 34. Aliens who reported under the Alien Address Program, by nationality: Dur-
ing 1954
Table 35. Aliens who reported under the Alien Address Program, by selected nation-
alities and States of residence: During 1954
Table 36. Aliens who reported under the Alien Address Program, by selected nation-
alities and by rural and urban area and city: During 1954
Table 37. Declarations of intention filed, petitions for naturalization filed, and per-
sons naturalized: Years ended June 30, 1907 to 1954
Table 38. Persons naturalized, by general and special naturalization provisions and
country or region of former allegiance: Year ended June 30, 1954
Table 39. Persons naturalized, by country or region of former allegiance: Years ended
June 30, 1945 to 1954
Table 40. Persons naturalized, by country or region of former allegiance and major
occupation group: Year ended June 30, 1954
Table 41. Persons naturalized and petitions for naturalization denied: Years ended
June 30, 1907 to 1954
Table 42. Persons naturalized, by sex and marital status, with comparative percent of
total: Years ended June 30, 1946 to 1954
APPENDIX II (Continued)
Table 43. Persons naturalized, by sex and age: Years ended June 30, 1946 to 1954
Table 44. Persons naturalized, by States and territories of residence. Years ended
June 30, 1950 to 1954
Table 45. Persons naturalized, by specified countries of former allegiance and by
rural and urban area and city: Year ended June 30, 1954
Table 46. Persons naturalized, by country or region of birth and year of entry: Year
ended June 30, 1954
Table 46A. Persons naturalized, by country or region of birth and country or region of
former allegiance: Year ended June 30, 1954
Table 47. Persons naturalized, by general and special naturalization provisions:
Years ended June 30, 1950 to 1954
Table 48. Writs of Habeas Corpus in exclusion and deportation cases: Years ended
June 30, 1945 to 1954
Table 49. Prosecutions for immigration and nationality violations: Years ended June
30, 1945 to 1954
1-
Introduction
This is a report of the activities of the Immigration and Naturalization Service for
the fiscal year 1954. The work of the Service falls naturally into three major categories --
aliens who seek to enter the United States — aliens who are already here — and aliens
who are becoming citizens through naturalization.
In the first category were 60 million aliens seeking admission. Among these were
58 million border crossers from foreign contiguous territory, who were counted on each
entry; 1,100,000 alien crewmen; 567,000 visitors, students, treaty traders, and govern-
ment officials.
Sparked by special legislation, such as the War Brides Act and the Displaced
Persons Act, immigration has exceeded 200,000 in four of the past five years; yet with-
out these augmenting influences, "normal" immigration in the year ended June 30, 1954,
was 208,000 immigrants admitted for permanent residence. Under the authorized quota of
154,657 (partially mortgaged by the requirements of the Displaced Persons Act) more
than 94,000 quota immigrants came to the United States. Nonquota immigration of 114,000
immigrants was a third higher than last year. This result was due in part to the increase
in husbands of citizens admitted, but in greater degree to the larger number of immigrants
admitted from Western Hemisphere countries, particularly Mexico.
Recruitment and importation of agricultural laborers from Mexico, begun as a war
time measure a decade ago, was continued during the past year, and 214,000 laborers
were brought into this country through the joint efforts of this Service and the Department
of Labor.
Almost 174,000 aliens failed to qualify for admission under the immigration laws.
Many who were denied admission were turned back at land borders without formal hear-
ings. Three thousand three hundred thirteen were excluded after formal proceedings, in-
cluding 111 excluded on subversive grounds and 364 on criminal, immoral, or narcotic
grounds.
Possibly the biggest problems and most telling actions in the Service during the
year occurred in the second category — aliens already here. In this group are aliens here
illegally who may be subversives or criminals, or laborers hard pressed by the economic
situation in Mexico. In this group, too, are the aliens seeking authorizations of many
kinds. The work is extremely varied. The Service is charged with the energetic enforce-
ment of laws relating to the apprehension and expulsion of aliens who, for any one of
many reasons, are in the United States illegally. On the other hand, applications for
issuance of visa petitions, for a change in immigration status, for lost identification
cards, etc., etc., are received and acted upon in great numbers.
In the field of enforcement, the investigative work of the Service has been inten-
sified, with top priorities being directed toward cases looking to the denaturalization or
deportation of subversives and racketeers. Of the 574,298 investigations completed,
10,290 were of subversive aliens and 7,512 of racketeers or other criminal, immoral, or
narcotic aliens.
- 2-
Viewed in the perspective of several past years, the influx of aliens illegally
entered from Mexico appears like an incoming tide, with mounting waves of people enter-
ing the country, and being sent back, and returning again but in ever greater volume, and
always reaching further inland with each incoming wave. So, too, have the Mexican
aliens in greater and greater numbers penetrated each year further and further into the
interior of the country and away from the farms along the Texas and Southern California
Borders. Principally as a result of this invasion, 1,035,282 aliens were apprehended by
the Border Patrol.
In June, a new stratagem was devised. Instead of spreading a thin line of Border
Patrol men along the long Mexican Border, like too few sand bags to dam the tide of
illegal entries, all available personnel were concentrated -- first in Southern California,
spreading in ever widening circles, and mopping up the pools of illegal aliens as they
went. As a result of the operation itself and of the attendant publicity, thousands of
aliens were expelled or departed voluntarily.
For the first time it appeared that the Mexican illegal entries could be controlled
if mobile task forces could be used when and where necessary. In such a situation,
farmers learn to depend on legal labor and the Mexicans themselves, having lost the
economic incentive to enter, will not have so great a temptation to enter illegally. Al-
though the effect cannot be fully evaluated at present, it appears from early experience
that this time aliens expelled and taken to the interior of Mexico are not flocking back
again, only to become a subject for apprehension another time.
There is obviously a strong correlation between apprehensions and expulsion of
aliens, and a total of voluntary departures and deportations equalled 1,101,000. Almost
27,000 persons were deported under wacrants of deportation, including 61 of the subver-
sive class and 1,127 racketeers and other criminals.
Statistics of deportations accomplished fail to tell the story of obstacles to be
overcome — obstacles such as claims of physical persecution, administrative stays,
court actions, difficulties in obtaining travel documents, applications for suspension of
deportation. All of these are delaying actions that sometimes make the final effective
act of the deportation process next to impossible.
The responsibility of the Service extends beyond the admission and expulsion of
aliens to the third category of the group of aliens who become citizens of the United
States through naturalization or derivation. A tremendous increase in applications to file
petitions for naturalization has occurred since the passage of the Immigration and Nation-
ality Act. In the past year United States citizenship was conferred on more than 117,000
aliens in the Federal and State courts having jurisdiction over such matters. Former
nationals of the United Kingdom held first place, with 16,565 receiving certificates of
naturalization. One group that deserves especial mention were the 6,750 Japanese who,
for the first time, under the new Act became eligible for naturalization.
In spite of increases in numbers of naturalizations, applications filed continued
at a much faster pace, due to a number of factors, including the high immigration since
World War II; changes in law (a) permitting aliens formerly ineligible because of race to
be naturalized, and (b) permitting aliens over 50 who have been in the United States for
20 years or more to be naturalized without being able to read and write English; and the
annual alien address requirement, making noncitizens conscious of their alienage. To
meet this situation, every employee in the Service who had previous naturalization exper-
ience was assigned to this work in the closing days of the fiscal year.
In order to have a goal, and to dramatize and emphasize the value of citizenship
in the assimilative process of the foreign-born of our country, it was decided to concen-
trate naturalization ceremonies on November 11, Veterans' Day.
The few major accomplishments mentioned above suggest some of the problems
and plans for the future, which are:
1. To continue the program begun in 1954 of assembling task forces to cope with
illegal entry across the Mexican Border, and to increase the force in order that there may
be no recurrence of this mass illegal influx.
2. To wipe out the naturalization backlog by assigning every available exper-
ienced person to that work.
3. To eliminate one major point of criticism of the Service by dramatizing the
naturalization ceremonies by concentrating as many naturalizations as possible on
November 11, Veterans' Day.
4. Under a new detention policy, to enlarge on parole or under bond aliens except
those likely to abscond, or whose release would be inimical to the public interest and
safety.
S As this program progresses, to vacate the detention quarters that are econom-
ically unsound to operate because capacity is beyond the need.
6. To have inspection of aliens take place, whenever feasible, before aliens
arrive at United States ports. This will make for better utilization of personnel and
better service to the travelling public. It will be accomplished by stationing immigrant
inspectors at such points as Shannon, Ireland, where most planes stop before taking off
for the United States, and by having inspectors ride the larger vessels enroute from
Europe and the Mediterranean to perform the inspections enroute.
7. In the field of administration, (a) to establish regional headquarters for super-
vision and management of districts within each region; (b) to bring into these regional
offices much of the administrative work now performed in the Central Office and District
Offices; (c) to decefitralize to the Regional Offices the control and review of cases now
performed in the Central Office, and (d) to establish a new division that will handle the
field inspections.
8. To endeavor to obtain funds for a building program that will provide suitable
quarters for members of the Service, particularly at the land border ports.
More comprehensive and detailed reports of the accomplishments of the past year
follow.
Legislation and Litigation
Public Legislation
A number of bills touching immigration and nationality were considered by the
83rd Congress during the fiscal year. Of these, only six were enacted into law* This
diminished activity followed the pattern observed after enactment of the Immigration and
Nationality Act, which became effective December 24, 1952. The new legislation within
our immediate zone of responsibility consisted of Public Law ,162 . approved July 29,
1953, providing for the admission for permanent residence of five hundred eligible orphans
under ten years of age adopted by United States citizens serving abroad in the United
States armed forces or employed abroad by the United States Government; Public Law
203, approved August 7, 1953, providing for issuance of two hundred nine thousand
special nonquota immigration visas to refugees; Public Laws 237 and 309, approved
August 8, 1953, and March 16, 1954, respectively, amending the Agricultural Act of 1949
with respect to the Mexican Farm Labor Program; Public Law 257 , approved August 13,
1953, incorporating the National Conference on Citizenship; and Public Law 419 , ap-
proved June 18, 1954, designed to facilitate the entry of Philippine traders. In addition.
Public Law 110 , approved July 13, 1953, granted certain exemptions from the immigra-
tion laws to alien delegates to the meeting of the Interparliamentary Union held in
Washington, D. C.
In addition, a number of bills were pending in different stages of legislative con-
sideration. Among these were various proposals to amend the Immigration and Nationality
Act. The legislative committees have not yet scheduled hearings or taken action on any
of these measures. Another important measure, H.R. 8193, 83rd Congress, seeks a num-
ber of clarifying amendments of the Refugee Relief Act of 1953. This bill was approved
on August 31, 1954, as Public Law 751 .
A bill authored by Senator Watkins (S. 1766) would establish the office of a Com-
missioner of Refugees to coordinate problems relating to refugees. Another group of
bills sought to effectuate the recommendation of the President, in his State of the Union
Message January 7, 1954, that knowing participants in the Communist conspiracy shall
be deprived of their American citizenship. Another bill, S. 2862, proposed to make spe-
cial nonquota immigration visas available to 385 skilled sheepherders. Another pending
legislative proposal, S. 1303, provided for expeditious naturalization of former citizens of
the United States who lost that citizenship by voting in a political election or plebiscite
in occupied Japan. This bill became law on July 20, 1954 (68 Stat. 495).
A final legislative project relates to a projected statutory procedure for judicial
review of deportation orders. This proposal has been urged by the Attorney General,
upon the recommendation of the Solicitor General and this Service. On March 10, 1954,
the Attorney General addressed identical letters to the Speaker of the House and the
Vice President asking the introduction of bills to permit judicial review of deportation
orders and enclosing a draft of a proposed bill. No such bills have as yet been intro-
duced.
- 5-
Private Legislation
A total of 1,615 private bills were introduced during the fiscal 1954 dealing with
immigration and naturalization matters. Of this number 1,144 were introduced in the
House and 471 in the Senate. The number of private laws enacted in the past year was
308, or 19 percent of the number introduced. During the previous year of 1953, 222 private
laws were enacted, and 477 during the fiscal year 1952.
Whether or not private bills are en-
acted into law, their introduction neces-
sitates exiensive consideration by the
Service. Investigations must be conducted
concerning the character and background of
beneficiaries of private bills. In addition,
during the fiscal year 1954 the function of
preparing reports to the appropriate Con-
gressional Committees, and to the Bureau
of the Budget when such bills become en-
rolled, was performed by the Investigation s
Division.
With a view to expediting this
work the preparation of the initial reports
was decentralized to field offices. This
procedure has proved successful. Since
October 1953, when the change was made,
almost 3,000 reports have been made to
the Congressional Committees concerned.
As a result, work in this connection is
very nearly on a current basis.
PRIVATE BILLS INTRODUCED IN CONGRESS
AND ENACTED
79lh - e3rd CONGRESSES
4,797
f ~t Bills Introduced
HB Laws Enacted
755
3,669 —
SOS
1,141
III
429
14
I
I
79lh eOlh eisl 82"'' 6Z"i
CONGRESS
Litigation
The expansion in litigation affecting the Service continued during the past year.
To some extent it was accelerated by the recently enacted Immigration and Nationality
Act, which has generated many new problems of interpretation. To some extent it repre-
sents a pattern of increased resort to the courts. Most of the litigation emerged from
attacks upon orders of deportation or upon incidents of the deportation process.
1. Supreme Court .— Primary attention is focused, of course, on the decisions of
the United States Supreme Court, which utter the final word in the interpretation of Fed-
eral statutes and the Constitution. During the past year that Court decided six cases
touching the activities of the Service. However, in each instance they were either incon-
clusive or merely extended previous holdings. These cases were:
Galvan v. Press , 347 U. S. 522 (1954). This was perhaps the most important de-
cision. It reaffirmed the Court's previous ruling in Harisiades v. Shaughnessy, 342 U. S.
580, upholding the provisions of the deportation statute aimed at former members of the
Communist Party. The Galvan case extended this holding to the Internal Security Act pf
1950, which specifically named the Communist Party as a proscribed organization.
International Longshoremen Workers Union v. Boyd , 347 U. S. 222 (1954). A union
which sought to enjoin the enforcement of an immigration statute affecting some of its
members was held not to have presented a justifiable controversy since no actual case
of enforcement was involved. Not reached was the substantial question on the merits: the
. 6-
correctness and constitutionality of the irterpretation applying the immigration laws to
alien residents of continental United States seeking to return from a visit to Alaska.
This issue will be decided in other litigation now pending in the courts.
Rubinstein v. Brownell , 346 U. S. 929 (1954). An equally divided court, Justice
Clark not participating, affirmed without opinion the judgment of the United States Court
of Appeals for the District of Columbia in this case. The Court of Appeals had con-
cluded that under the Immigration and Nationality Act an order of deportation could be
reviewed in a declaratory judgment suit. The Court of Appeals also held that an injunc-
tion could be issued to restrain taking the alien into custody until the suit is decided.
Because of the equal division of the Supreme Court the issue is regarded as still open.
Accardi v. Shaughnessy, 347 U. S. 260 (1954). The impact of this novel decision
was restricted by the narrow limits of the court's holding. In attacking the order of de-
portation the alien claimed that suspension of deportation had been denied merely be-
cause his name was on a list of unsavory characters compiled by the Attorney General.
The court split five to four. The majority held that under existing regulations the Attor-
nay General was precluded from commanding that discretion be denied to individuals in-
cluded on a list of unsavory characters and ordered that a court hearing be held to de-
termine whether any such improper directions had been made. The minority felt that since
the Board of Immigration Appeals is merely an arm of the Attorney General, there is
nothing to prevent the Attorney General from issuing instructions to it as to the manner
of exercising discretion and that the alien had no legal right to challenge the exercise
of such discretion.
Barber v. Gonzalez, 347 U. S. 637 (1954). This case held that a Filipino who had
entered the United States at a time when he was a noncitizen national of the United
States was not deportable because 'after entry' he had been twice sentenced for crimes
involving moral turpitude. Adopting an admittedly narrow reading of "entry" as used in
the deportation statute, the court found that it related only to an alien who came from a
foreign country and not to one who arrived from the Philippine Islands when they were a
possession of the United States.
In Tost V. United States, 347 U. S. 901 (1954), the Supreme Court reversed, on the
Government's confession of error, a lower court decision denying naturalization to a con-
scientious objector.
During the past term the Supreme Court also refused to review the following de-
cisions, by denying petitions for certiorari:
Herrera v. United States . 347 U. S. 927 (constitutionality of criminal statute
punishing transporting and harboring of illegal aliens).
Florentine V . Landon. 347 U. S. 927 (administrative remedies must be exhausted
before court review of deportation order).
Accardo v. United States . 347 U. S. 952 (denaturalization judgment based on con-
cealment of criminal record).
Matranga v. Mackey . 347 U. S. 967 (denial of discretionary relief based on con-
fidential information).
Quatrone v. NicoUs , 347 U. S. 976 (deportation of former affiliate of Communist
Party).
- 7-
Ng Yip Yee v. Barber , 347 U. S. 988 (authority of immigration officers to detain
citizenship claimant).
CarroUo v. Bode . 346 U. S. 857 (deportation of criminal violator).
Boyd V. Mangaoang, 346 U. S. 876 (former subversive alien who entered as
Filipino national not deportable).
In addition, on June 7, 1954, the Supreme Court granted certiorari in Garcia v.
L andon . which involves deportation of a former member of the Communist Party, to be
argued when the Court reconvenes after the summer recess. Undecided petitions for
certiorari also are pending in the following cases:
Shomberg v. United States (interpretation of saving clause in Immigration
United States v. Menasche and Nationality Act).
Sweet, Chomiak, Charnowola v. United States , (denaturalization based on Com-
munist Party membership prior to naturalization).
Marcello v. Ahrens (applicability of Administrative Procedure Act to deportation
hearing under the Immigration and Nationality Act).
2. Major current problems .— The litigation of the past year has fallen generally
into several patterns. Some of the major designs are mentioned in order to describe the
problems currently facing the Service in the courts.
a. Nature of judicial remedy .— As indicated above, the nature of the remedy that
may be invoked for review of deportation orders remains unsettled. One consequence has
been an increasing concentration of litigation in the District of Columbia. The position
of the Service and the Department continues to be that habeas corpus is the only method
for challenging a deportation order. However, the decision of the Court of Appeals of
the District of Columbia in Rubinstein v. Brownell , 206 F. 2d 449, sanctioned a de-
claratory judgment remedy with accompanying injunction. Outside the District of Colum-
bia such suits have been unsuccessful because the Attorney General or the Commis-
sioner, as indispensable parties to a declaratory judgment action, can be sued only
in the District of Columbia. Vaz v. Shaughnessy , 208 F. 2d 70 (C.A. 2, 1953; Rod -
riguez V. Landon , 212 F. 2d 508 (C.A. 9, 1954). And the Court of Appeals for the First
Circuit recently disagreed with the decision in the Rubinstein case. Batista v. Nicolls ,
213 F. 2d (C.A. 1, 1954). The result has been that many aliens residing in different
parts of the United States have brought declaratory judgment suits in the District of
Columbia contesting deportation orders. In the fiscal year 1954, 29 writs of habeas
corpus involving exclusion and 357 writs involving deportation were served by United
States marshals upon immigration officers for release of aliens in their custody. Of the
total 391 cases acted upon during the year, the Federal courts sustained the writs in
three exclusion and 17 deportation cases and dismissed the writs in 17 exclusion and
272 deportation cases. Three writs of habeas corpus involving exclusion and 79 involv-
ing deportation were withdrawn.
Suits for declaratory judgments were filed in 172 cases during the past year. Of
this number 96 involved deportation and exclusion cases and 76 involved proceedings for
declaration of United States nationalities under Sec. 360 of the Immigration and Nation-
ality Act and Sec. 503 of the Nationality Act of 1950. Of the total 130 suits for declara-
tory judgment disposed of during the year, 15 were granted, 72 denied, and 43 were
withdrawn.
-8-
The most satisfactory manner to resolve the prevailing difficulties and uncer-
tainties regarding the appropriate judicial remedy appears to be the enactment by Con-
gress of the statutory review procedure for deportation cases proposed by the Attorney
General.
b. R eview of discretionary action. -In many instances the alien's deportability is
not seriously questioned but he seeks court relief because his application for some
form of discretionary action has been denied. One such instance was the Accardi case in
which the Supreme Court required a hearing to determine whether there was prejudgment
in denying suspension of deportation. Other aliens have sought to rely on the Accardi
case by making similar allegations of prejudgment, but thus far their claims have been
unsuccessful. See Matranga v. Mackey , 115 F. Supp. 45 (S.D. N.Y. 1954) affirmed 210
Fed. 2d 160; Marcello v. Ahrens, 212 F. 2d 830 (C.A. 5, 1954); De Luca v. O'Rourke,
213 F. 2d 759 (C.A. 8, 1954). The majority of the courts appear to hold that the exercise
of discretion is unreviewable ( Lo Duca v. Neelly. 213 F. 2d 161 (C.A. 7, 1954), unless
there has been an improper failure to exercise discretion. See Brownell v. Gutnayer , 212
F. 2d 462 (C.A. D.C. 1954). In a number of cases aliens are challenging determinations
declining to withhold deportation when it was found that the alien's allegation that he
would be subject to physical persecution is not substantiated. Generally the courts de-
cline to interfere with the exercise of discretion in such cases. Dolenz v. Shaughnessy,
206 F. 2d 392 (C.A. 2, 1953). A number of such cases involving Chinese deportees are
pending in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.
c. Saving clause .— A fruitful source of litigation has involved interpretation of
the so-called saving clause found in Section 405 of the Immigration and Nationality Act,
8 U.S.C. 1101 note. The changes in various requirements effected by that law often make
it necessary to determine whether rights and status are controlled by the laws previous-
ly in effect. The saving clause contains very broad language designed generally to
safeguard rights which have become fixed or which are in process of acquisition. In two
circuits the courts have held that naturalization applications under some circumstances
are controlled by previous law, even though the petitions for naturalization were not
actually filed until after the effective date of the 1952 Act. United States v. M enasche ,
210 F. 2d 809 (C.A. 1, 1954); United States v. Pringle , 212 F. 2d 878 (C.A. 4, 1954).
The Government has filed a petition for certiorari in the Menasche case. A seemingly
conflicting result, although the issue is somewhat different, was announced by the Court
of Appeals in the Second Circuit in Shomberg v. United States , 210 F. 2d 82 (C.A. 2,
1954), in which the alien has applied for certiorari. Because of the ramifications of the
saving clause, it seems likely that explorations of its compass will concern the courts
for some time.
d. Exemption from military service .— Another source of litigation has concerned
the effect of claims by aliens for exemption from military service. The law has declared
that the making of such claims results in debarment from immigration and citizenship
benefits. And a new provision in Section 315 of the Immigration and Nationality Act
appears to apply such disqualifications retroactively. In Petition of Berini , 112 F. Supp.
837 (E.D. N.Y., 1953) the Court held that the Immigration and Nationality Act did not
change the principle of Moser v. United States , 341 U. S. 41 (1951) and that a claim of
exemption made under an officially induced misapprehension did not incur the disquali-
fication. No appeal was taken and the Service has adopted the view of the Court in the
Berini case.
In Petition of Tsuji , 119 F. Supp. 68 (N.D. Cal., 1953), the court held that non-
declarant Japanese who were granted exemption from military service during World War I
likewise were not debarred from citizenship. Here too no appeal was taken and the court's
decision is being followed.
And in Petition of Caputo , 118 F. Supp. 870 (E.D. N.Y., 1954), an alien enemy
granted exemption from service during World War II was held not barred from citizenship
benefits. No appeal was taken. Various other cases involving the effect of claims for
exemption are pending in the courts.
e. C onstitutionality of deportation statutes. — In many instances aliens have chal-
lenged the constitutionality of deportation statutes, particularly insofar as they relate to
past misconduct. These challenges have been rejected by the Supreme Court. The latest
example, of course, is Galvan v. Press , 347 U. S. 522. The action of the court in grant-
ing certiorari in Garcia v. Landon may indicate some further consideration of this issue.
And the increased retroactivity projected in the Immigration and Nationality Act has
provoked additional challenges.
f. Strict construction. — Under the view expressed by the Supreme Court, depor-
tation is regarded as equivalent to a penalty and deportation statutes are construed
rigidly. This concept was explored most recently in Barber v. Gonzalez , 347 U. S. 637
and in De Luca v. O'Rourk e, 213 F. 2d 759 (C.A. 8, 1954).
g. Subpoenas against naturalized citizens .— It is the view of the Service that the
Immigration and Nationality Act authorizes subpoenas against naturalized citizens in
investigation of the legality of their naturalization. This view has been contested in the
courts, thus far with inconclusive results. Among the favorable decisions is In re Minker ,
118 F. Supp. 264 (E.D. Pa., 1953); among those opposed are Application of Barnes, 116
F. Supp. 464 (N.D. N.Y., 1953); In re Oddo , 117 F. Supp. 323 (S.D. N.Y., 1953). Appeals
on this issue are pending in the United States Courts of Appeals in several circuits.
CONVICTIONS IN COURTS FOR VIOLATING
IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY LAWS
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1950-1954
3. Prosecutions for immigration
and nationality violations .— The number
of prosecutions increased 31 percent in
the past fiscal year. Prosecutions were
instituted during the year in 16,041 cases
involving immigration violations and 557
cases involving nationality violations.
Such prosecutions resulted in a total of
15,571 convictions during the year, with
aggregate imprisonment of 3,447 years and
fines aggregating $84,303.
Eighty-nine percent of the prose-
cutions last year were instituted under the
provisions of Sections 275 and 276 of the
Immigration and Nationality Act for illegal
entry. These resulted in 13,934 convic-
tions with imprisonment aggregating
2,727 years. Heavy fines and imprison-
ment were imposed on 623 persons who
were convicted under Sec. 274 of the Im-
migration and Nationality Act and Section
8 of the Act of February 5, 1917, as amended, for smuggling a total number of 3,968
aliens into this country. During the year a total of 304 suits were instituted for alien
registration violations, chiefly under Sec. 266 (b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act
for failure to file an address report. Convictions were obtained in 134 of these cases
and in 159 cases the suits were dismissed. United States Attorneys have declined pro-
secution in nearly 15,000 such cases during the past year.
Of the 557 prosecutions for nationality violations last year, 94 percent were
instituted under the provisions of Section 911, Title 18, United States Code, for false
representation as a citizen of the United States. Convictions were obtained in 87 per-
cent of such cases.
1951
1954
10
Immigrants
More than 208,000 aliens were admitted to the United States in 1954. 3y compari-
son with 1953 this represents an increase of 22 percent. In four of the past five years,
more than 200,000 aliens have been granted entry as permanent residents, but this is the
first year in which the high immigration might be termed "normal," since it was the first
full year of immigration under the Immigration and Nationality Act, and the first year
since World War II that immigration was practically free of the augmenting influences
of special legislation. Indeed, the mortgaging of quotas required by the Displaced Persons
Act would tend to cut down quota immigration.
. ' ~ THOUSANDS
" - 1,400 p
1,200
IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1820 - 1954
1,000
600
400
200
Total lmmigraT\ts Admitted
Europe ( Southern aad Eastern)
" (Northern and western)
Nearly two-thirds of the immigrants who came here in the fiscal year 1954 origi-
nated in only five countries: Mexico (37,456), Germany (32,935), Canada (27,055), United
Kingdom (19,309), and Italy (15,201). There were 85 male immigrants to every 100 female
immigrants admitted during the year. The average age of all immigrants was 26.7; the
females were usually two and one-half years younger than the males. The decline in the
average age of female immigrants from 28.0 years in the fiscal year 1950 to 25.7 years in
the fiscal year 1954 may be due, in part, to a rise in the number of Mexican female immi-
grants, who are about four years younger than the average immigrant.
Over one-half of the immigrants admitted during the past year were not in the
labor force. Of those in the labor force, 14 percent were professional and technical
workers who came here from all parts of the world. According to the 1950 Census, only
11-
nine percent of the employed population in
the United States were in this occupation
group. One-third of the immigrants in the
labor force were craftsmen or operatives
and kindred workers. Proportionately
fewer farmers have entered this country in
the past two years than during the period
1950 - 1953, when many displaced per-
sons who were farmers entered this coun-
try under preferences given to them by
the Displaced Persons Act. During the
past fiscal year, only nine farmers and
farm managers came here as first pref-
erence quota immigrants.
Quota immigrants .— Under the
total authorized quota of 154,657 there
were 94,098 quota immigrants admitted
from 120 countries and colonial or terri-
torial possessions of Europe, Africa,
Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and the
islands of the Pacific. With the follow-
ing exceptions, all quota immigrants
were admitted under the Immigration and
Nationality Act. There were 5,235 admit-
ted under Sec. 3(c) of the Displaced
Persons Act - this provision extended
the issuance of visas to "out-of-zone*
refugees until June 30, 1954. In addition,
there were 847 aliens whose status was
changed to that of immigrant under Sec. 4
of the Displaced Persons Act.
COMPARISON OF U S POPULATION OF 1950
WITH IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED DURING YEAR
ENDED JUNE 30, 1954
AGE DISTRIBUTION
PERCENT
18 , , , , , ,-
-
~i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
PL ^
12
/
I ^H Immigronts Adm.lted 1954
1 •>•• u S Populotion 1950 -
g
'^ /
x:^^^
6
3
" Median
Age 267
^
:!^i
~
_i
^ Age 30.2 >v ••«—
—1 — 1 — 1 1 L 1 1*T««^"~
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 75 ond
AGE Over
OCCUPATION
Professional and
technical workers
Farmers and
farm managers
Clerical and
sales workers
Craftsmen and
foremen
Operatives
OCCUPATION
'. ■ f I
Occupation ot
persons in u, S
lobor force
■ Reported occu.
Oalion ot
iiTimigfonts
10 20
PERCENT
Quota immigrants admitted
, Years ended June 30, 1953 and 1954
Class
Total number
Skilled immigrants:
Selected immigrants of special skill or ability!/
Skilled agriculturists J/ _ _
Skilled sheepherders 2/ _ _
Relatives of U. S. citizens
Relatives of resident aliens
Nonpreference quota
Displaced persons admitted under the Displaced Persons Act
of 1948, as amended _
Displaced persons adjusting status under Section 4, Displaced
Persons Act of 1948, as amended
1954
1953
94.098
2,456
4,713
6,004
74,843
5,235
847
$4,175
122
321
363
5,358
4,644
67,926
4,805
636
1/ Admitted under Act of May 26, 1924.
2/ Admitted under Act of April 9, 1952 (66 Stat. 50).
12
While 15 percent of quota immigrants admitted under the Immigration and Nation-
ality Act were under preferences, the 85 percent admitted nonpreference continued to be
the preponderant number. It is probably true that aliens applying for quota numbers from
countries with quotas readily available do not use the preferential privilege, since it is
of no particular advantage. For example, of the 21,092 quota charges made to the British
quota, 20,205 were in the nonpreference group, and, of the 887 remaining, 46 were dis-
placed persons. Of the 841 preference numbers charged to the quota of Great Britain, 463,
or 55 percent, were from the subquota areas where quotas are limited to 100.
Quota immigrants admitted to the United
States under the Immigration and Nation-
ality Act, by classes:
Year ended June 30, 1954
Class of admission Number
Total - 88,016
First preference quota-
Selected immigrants of
special skill or ability — - 2,456
Second preference quota-
Parents of U. S. citizens 2,783
Third preference quota-
Spouses and children of
resident aliens ._ 6,004
Fourth preference quota-
Brothers or sisters of
U. S. citizens, children
over 21 years of age, or
married, of U. S. citizens.... 1,930
Nonpreference quota 74,843
QUOTa IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED
YESRS ENDED JUNE 30, I950-I95a
vAii^yMvyyyy.^^^^,
Northefn ond western
EUROPE
One of the changes concerning the
provisions of the Immigration and Nation-
ality Act that has been the subject of de-
bate is the establishment of quotas of 100
for colonies and dependencies. Experience in the first full year under the Immigration and
Nationality Act indicates that there was no need for concern. As shown in the table be-
low, only 15 percent of the subquotas for colonies or dependecies were filled during the
past fiscal year.
Quota immigrants charged to colonial quotas
Year endgd June 30, 1954
Colonies or
dependencies of:
Annual
subquota
Quota immigrants
admitted
Total
Belgium
Denmark
France _ _
Great Britain and Northern Ireland
British West Indies _ _
Netherlands
P ortugal _ _
Spain
7.800
100
100
1,600
4,400
600 II
300
800
300
200
1.172
2
153
945
3871/
66
6
1/ Included in Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
- 13-
Nonquota immiKrants. --The number of 114,079 nonquota immigrants admitted in
the fiscal year 1954 was 32 percent higher than in the preceding year. The increase was
due chiefly to a 34 percent rise in the admission of natives of Western Hemisphere coun-
tries and a 36 percent rise in the number of spouses and children of United States citizens.
IMMIGRANT ALIENS ADMITTED
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1940 - 1954
T housonds
200
NONOUOTfl IMMIGRANTS
150
100
QUOTA IMMIGRANTS
1945
I950
1954
A comparison of the classes of nonquota immigrant admissions for the past two
years is shown below.
Nonquota immigrants admitted
Years ended Tune 30. 1953 and 1954
Class of admission
1954
Total nonquota immigrants
Wives of U.S. citizens
Husbands of U.S. citizens
Children of U.S. citizens
Natives of Western Hemisphere countries,
their spouses, and children
Persons who had been U.S. citizens
Ministers, their spouses, and children
Employees of U.S. Government abroad,
their spouses, and children
Refugees admitted under the Refugee Relief Act
Other nonquota immigrants _
114.079
17, 145
7,725
5,819
80,526
427
385
4
821
1,227
1953
86.259
15,916
3,359
3,268
61,099
104
387
2
2,124
- 14-
T he Refugee Relief Act of 1953 .--This Act became law on August 7, 1953, and
provides for the issuance between that date and December 31, 1956, of 209,000 special
nonquota immigrant visas to certain refugees, escapees, and German expellees, and the
spouses and children if accompanying them. Consular officers and immigration officers
have joint responsibility to determine eligibility under the Act for the issuance of a visa
and admission to the United States. Sixteen officers and two clerks are stationed in Ger-
many, Italy, Greece, and the Far East to perform the necessary examination prior to visa
issuance. An additional group of personnel has been placed on a standby basis for detail
abroad on 48 hours notice should circumstances demand it. The program was off to a
slow start because of the requirements for proof of support and housing. During the year
just 821 immigrants were admitted in the following classes:
Maximum visas authorized and immigrants admitted
to the United States under the
Refugee Relief Act of 1953
Year ended June 30, 1954
Class
Maximum
visas
authorized
Number
admitted
Total number
209,000 1/
821
German expellees in Western Germany, Berlin,
or Austria
Escapees in Western Germany, Berlin, or Austria
Escapees in NATO countries or in Turkey,
Sweden, Iran, or Trieste
Polish veteran refugees in the British Isles
Italian refugees in Italy or Trieste
Italian relatives of U.S. citizens or alien
residents, residing in Italy or Trieste
Greek refugees in Greece
Greek relatives of U.S. citizens or alien
residents, residing in Greece
Dutch refugees in the Netherlsmds
Dutch relatives of U.S. citizens or alien
residents, residing in the Netherlands
Far East refugees (non-Asian)
Far East refugees (Asian)
Chinese refugees
Palestine refugees in the Near East
Orphans (under 10 years of age)
55,000
35,000
10,000
2,000
45,000
15,000
15,000
2,000
15,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
613
59
43
106
1/ In addition, 5,000 visas were authorized for refugees in the United States adjusting
status under the provisions of Sec. 6 of the Refugee Relief Act of 1953.
Congress before its adjournment passed amendments to the Refugee Relief Act
which will make it somewhat easier for aliens to qualify for admission, therefore an up-
swing in the number of admissions is anticipated.
Spouses and children of United States citizens .— The number of wives, husbands,
and children of United States citizens admitted increased 36 percent during the past
year. Since the new provisions in the Immigration and Nationality Act which removed all
sex discrimination and accorded nonquota privileges to hisbands of citizens, the number
- 15-
of husbands admitted has jumped from 793 in the fiscal year 1952 to 3,359 in 1953 and
7,725 in the fiscal year 1954. Nearly 40 percent of the husbands of citizens came from
Italy. During the past year 2,802 wives, 105 husbands, and 285 children of United States
citizens were admitted to this country from Japan.
40,000
SPOUSES AND MINOR CHILDREN OF U. S^ CITIZENS ADMITTED
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30. 1950-1954
CHILDREN
WIVES
HUSBANDS
1950
1951
1952
Western Hemisphere immigration .-Nonquota immigration from the Western Hemis-
phere rose 34 percent since last year and was the highest since 1930. Of interest is the
rise in the past couple of years of 'Mexican immigration, which, in the fiscal year 1954,
comprised 18 percent of the total immigration and exceeded Canadian immigration by
10,000.
Visa Petitions
The Immigration and Nationality Act increased the number of classes of Immi-
grants entitled to preferences within quotas as well as to nonquota status, and in the
majority of such cases requires that a petition for such preference or nonquota status
must be approved by the Attorney General.
The most significant change made in the allotment of visas to prospective immi-
grants is contained in section 203(aXl) of the Immigration and Nationality Act. This
provides that the first 50 percent of the quota shall be available for the issuance of
immigrant visas to qualified quota immigrants whose services are needed urgently be-
cause of the high education, technical training, specialized experience, or exceptional
ability of such immigrants. Such services must be substantially beneficial to the national
economy, cultural interest, or welfare of the United States. Section 204(b) of the Immigra-
tion and Nationality Act provides that any person or agency desiring to have an alien
classified as a first preference immigrant under section 203(a)(1)(A) shall file a petition
with the Attorney General for such classification of the alien. The determination as to
whether the services of the beneficiary are urgently needed in the United States has been
greatly facilitated by the issuance by the United States Employment Service of lists of
- 16-
occupations and professions which are in short supply in this country. This obviates
the need of a clearance order from the United States Employment Service for the listed
occupations, which are principally in the professional class.
In order to expedite visa petitions filed by members of the United States armed
forces abroad, arrangements have been made with the State Department whereby the of-
ficers of this Service approving such visa petitions filed in behalf of the wives and
children may transmit the approved visa petitions directly to the American consul to
whom application is to be made for issuances of the visa, without forwarding such peti-
tions to the Visa Office in the State Department in Washington. The visa petitions for
members of the armed forces serving in the Pacific and Far East are approved by the
District Director in Honolulu. Petitions submitted by members of the armed forces serv-
ing in Europe and Africa are approved by members of this Service stationed in Europe in
connection with the administration of the Refugee Relief Act. This procedure recently has
been extended to include civilians who are serving with, accompanying, or employed by
the armed forces abroad. These procedures have resulted in a saving of many days time.
As a result members of the armed forces returning from assignment overseas often are
able to bring their alien wives and children to the United States. This would have been
impossible under the old procedures where all approved visa petitions had to be cleared
with the Department of State, Washington, D. C.
During the last quarter of the year, 1,697 wisa petitions were completed overseas,
most of them by our immigration officers at Frankfort.
Under certain sections of the Refugee Relief Act a certain number of visas may
be issued to aliens who qualify under any of the preferences specified in paragraph (2),
(3), or (4) of Section 203 of the Immigration and Nationality Act. These provisions have
no doubt contributed to the large number of applications which have been filed for classi-
fication of aliens under the second, third, or fourth preference.
Visa petitions completed
Year ended June 30. 1954
Class
Completed
Total Denied J/
Total number 90.049 2.309
First preference quota -
Selected immigrants_ 2,579
Second preference quota-
Parents of citizens ._ 5,236
Third preference quota-
Spouses, children of
resident aliens 8,466
Fourth preference quota -
Brothers, sisters,
children of U. S.
citizens 38,019
Nonquota-
Spouses, children of
citizens 35,369
Nonquota-
Ministers 380
330
186
386
649
730
28
1/ Included in figures on total completed
VISA PETITIONS COMPLETED
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30,1952-1954
25,000-
1954
- 17
Nonimmigrants
Nonimmigrants are aliens who enter the United States for temporary periods or
resident aliens returning from a temporary stay abroad. The figures below do not include
such special groups as agricultural laborers, border crossers, and crewmen.
Nonimmigrants admitted, by class of admission
Years ended June 30, 1952 to 1954
Class of admission
1954
1953
1952
Total nonimmigrants admitted
Foreign government officials
Temporary visitors for business
Temporary visitors for pleasure
Transit aliens
Treaty traders and investors
Students
Representatives to international organizations —
Temporary workers and industrial trainees
Representatives of foreign information media
Exchange aliens
Returning resident aliens
Other nonimmigrants
566.613 485.714 516.082
23,095
61,029
292,725
78,526
1,023
25,425
5,601
7,479
504
15,260
55,887
59
24,502
63,496
243,219
67,684
878
13,533
6,112
3,021
174
12,584
50,397
114
22,267
86,745
269,606
77,899
791
8,613
5,137
44,980
44
Nonimmigrant admissions reached an all-time high of 566,613 during the past
year. As shown in the above table, the chief increases since last year were in the num-
ber of temporary visitors for pleasure, transits, and temporary workers and industrial
trainees.
The principal countries from which the nonimmigrants came are shown below:
Nonimmigrants admitted, by country or region of birth
Years ended June 30, 1952 to 1954
Country or region of birth
1954
1953
1952
All countries
5 66.613 485.714 516.082
West Indies _.
Mexico
England, Scotland, and Wales
South America
Asia
Canada
Germany
Italy
France
Central America
Netherlands
Spain
Other countries
98,175 89,730 82,855
76,244 51,480 32,120
67,438 59,839 66,730
47,410 44,001 41,385
32,671 30,838 27,404
29,417 25,365 87,623
25,373 19,650 17,268
19,422 12,125 10,042
18,517 19,247 18,427
16,610 14,631 13,189
12,918 11,589 11,212
11,588 11,513 10,382
110,830 95,706 97,445
- 18-
Foreign Rovernment officials. --During the past fiscal year 23,095 foreign govern-
ment officials were admitted to this country from all parts of the world. Only 18 percent
of the' officials were ambassadors, ministers, or career officers, the remainder being
families and other employees.
Visitors.--The slight decline from last year in the number of temporary visitors
for business was more than offset by a 20 percent increase in the number of visitors for
pleasure, and it was these latter visitors who accounted for most of the rise in the total
number of nonimmigrants admitted to this country. The countries showing major gains in
tourist traffic were Mexico, Germany, and Italy.
As of June 30, 1954, there were 97,562 visitors in the United States: 39,556 in
the New York District; 15,647 in the Miami District; 11,794 in the San Antonio District;
with smaller numbers in other Districts.
Temporary workers and industrial trainees .— Under the provisions of Sec. 101(a)
(15)(H), the Immigration and Nationality Act established a new class for the admission
of (i) temporary workers of distinguished merit or ability, (ii) other temporary workers,
skilled or unskilled, and (iii) industrial trainees. These provisions were adopted by Con-
gress to alleviate labor shortages, particularly in periods of intensified production, and
to enable trainees to acquire a knowledge of American industries and agricultural and
business methods. Petitions to import and employ these temporary workers and trainees
are required. During fiscal year 1954, 5,938 such petitions were received and 5,513
were completed.
During the fiscal year 1954, 4,774 temporary workers of distinguished merit and
ability were admitted to the United States in the H(i) category. Many of them were in the
the field of entertainment, and included 1,674 athletes, 580 musicians, 451 artists, 184
dancers, 127 actors, and 509 other entertainers. Others included were 64 engineers, 52
scientists, 76 professors and other teachers, and 105 managers and officials. Most of
those admitted in this category came from Canada, Cuba, Mexico, and the United King-
dom. During the same period, 1,791 temporary workers were admitted in the H(ii) cate-
gory, and 914 industrial trainees were admitted in the H(iii) category.
Returning residents .— The Immigration and Nationality Act provides for the issu-
ance of a reentry permit to an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence or an
alien lawfully admitted between July 1, 1924, and July 5, 1932, as a treaty trader pur-
suant to clause (6) of Sec. 3 of the Immigration Act of 1924, who intends to depart tem-
porarily from the United States. With a valid reentry permit such an alien may return to
the United States without obtaining a visa. A similar provision was contained in the Im-
migration Act of 1924, the principal changes in the new Act being that reentry permits
may be valid for more than one reentry, and they are limited in validity to a period of one
year with extensions thereon not exceeding one additional year. By regulation, permits to
reenter may be delivered to the applicant by mail, whereas under the previous regula-
tions personal delivery to the applicant was required. This has resulted in more expedi-
tious action on applications for reentry permits, and has resulted in the saving of consid-
erable manpower to the Service.
During the fiscal year 1954, a total of 77,756 reentry permits were issued and
extended, 40 percent of which were in the New York District. During the year, 55,887
returning resident aliens were admitted to the United States, as compared with 50,397
admitted during the previous year.
- 19-
S tudents .— The number of student admissions increased 88 percent to 25,425 in
the figcal year 1954. Much of the rise in student admissions is due to the changes in law
brought about by the Immigration and Nationality Act.
Under Sec. 101(a)(15)(F), an alien desiring to enter the United States as a stu-
dent must be destined to an institution or place of study which has been approved by the
Attorney General, after consultation with the Office of Education of the United States.
Unlike the previous Act, the Attorney General may approve places of study which are not
academic institutions of learning, such as trade and vocational schools. In addition,
there is no lower age limit. Therefore, students may be admitted to attend public and
parochial grade schools. A new list of approved schools has been prepared, after con-
sultation with the Office of Education. The new list will contain many private, parochial,
trade, and elementary schools. The need for individual petitions by schools desiring to
be included on the approved list has been largely eliminated by regulations granting
automatic approval if prescribed conditions are met and if the institutions agree to report
the attendance and termination of attendance of foreign students to the Service. An addi-
tional step designed to facilitate the approval of institutions which require a petition
was accomplished by authorizing a single petition to be filed on behalf of an entire pub-
lic or parochial school system covering entire school districts.
On June 30, 1954, there were 33,801 students in the United States. It is interest-
ing to note that the increase in students in the United States is not in the eastern sea-
board districts, but rather in the South and West. There appears to be a direct relation
between the location of students and the fact that the increase in student admissions was
largely from countries of Central and South America.
Students in the United States, by District
on June 30. 1953 and 1954
District
1954 1953
Total
St. Albans, Vt. __
Boston, Mass.
New York, N. Y. _.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Baltimore, Md.
Miami, Fla.
Buffalo, N. Y.
Detroit, Mich.
Chicago, 111.
Kansas City, Mo. 1/
Seattle, Wash.
San Francisco, Calif. __
San Antonio, Tex.
El Paso, Tex.
Los Angeles, Calif.
Honolulu, T. H.
1/ The Kansas City, Mo,
abolished in Apri
33,801
29.596
262
120
2,761
2,548
4,334
4,366
1,579
1,506
2,025
1,560
2,665
2,257
998
1,033
3,488
3,098
4,904
2,818
-
2,702
1,371
1,297
3,465
2,371
1,867
1,127
1,260
705
2,581
1,943
241
145
., District was
1 1954.
STUDENTS ADMITTED
BY COUNTRY OR REGION OF BIRTH
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1950-1954
20,000-
[ I Europe ,
^$^^^ CQTiadQ
I . ■ I Latin America
■H Other
10,000-
^
5^
^^^^^
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
Agricultural laborers .— On July 1, 1953, there were 13,805 agricultural laborers
from countries other than Mexico in the United States. During the fiscal year ended June
30, 1954, 7,946 agricultural laborers were admitted from Canada, the British West Indies,
and British Honduras; 8,588 of the laborers returned home; and the cases of 767 were
closed for other reasons. On June 30, 1954, there remained 12,396 of these aliens still
in the United States.
-20
In addition, 213,763 Mexican agricultural workers were admitted during the year
under the provisions of the Agricultural Act of 1949, as amended. The table which fol-
lows shows the total number of Mexican and other laborers legally contracted for employ-
ment in the United States during the past two years.
Agricultural laborers admitted and contracted
Years ended June 30, 1953 and 1954
Class 1954- 1953
Total number 221.709 192.132
Mexicans 213,763 178,606
Others 7,946 13,526
At the close of the fiscal year there was a total of 163,675 agricultural laborers
in the United States. The countries from whence they came were as follows:
Number in U. S.
Country of last permanent residence on June 30. 1954
Total 163.675
Canada 555
(admitted under Agricultural Act of 1949,
Mexico ( as amended 136,139
(admitted under Ninth Proviso 15,140
Bahamas 3,322
Jamaica 5,197
B arbados 1 , 738
Leeward and Windward Islands 1,294
British Guiana 124
British Honduras ^ 63
21-
BORDER CROSSERS
For the first time in 12 years
total arrivals in the United States failed to
increase over the previous year. Instead
the figure levelled off at 118 million ar-
rivals, as may be noted in the table below.
Border crossers. —As is always
the case, 97 percent of this number con-
sisted of citizen and alien border crossers.
A security measure taken by the
Service is the reexamination of all holders
of nonresident alien's border crossing
identification cards. In the past these
cards have been valid indefinitely and in
the reexamination of the holders of such
cards many who have become inadmissible
to the United States since obtaining their
original cards have been detected and
barred from further admission to the United
States.
ENTRIES OVER CANADIAN
AND MEXICAN LAND BORDERS
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1950-1954
Number
1 00,000,000 ^i^
'
CITIZENS
7 5,000,000
^-
,
■ ■ "^
al IENS
1950
1952 1954
Aliens and citizens arrived and examined at
U. S. ports of entry during years
ended June 30, 1953 and 1954
Total
Arrived at land borders
Canadian
Mexican
Crewmen
Arrived at seaports
Total
Arrived at land borders
Canadian .._
Mexican
C rew m en
Arrived at seaports _
Total
Aliens
Citizens
Year ended June 30. 1954
118,064,738 59,714,754 58,349,984
114.456.153
47,571,458
66,884,695
1,995,818
1,612,767
57.968.104
23,963,853
34,004,251
1,143,386
603,264
56.488.049
23,607,605
32,880,444
852,432
1,009,503
Year ended June 30. 1953
118,365,650 59,577,599 58,788,051
114.946.383
46,701,040
68,245,343
1,932,827
1,486,440
57.931.998
23,918,781
34,013,217
1,080,545
565,056
57,014.385
22,782,259
34,232,126
852,282
921,384
-22
Crewmen
The Immigration and Nationality Act made applicable to alien crewmen all
grounds of exclusion to the same extent that such grounds in the past have been appli-
cable to nonimmigrant alien passengers. Prior to the new Act an alien crewman was
denied shore leave in the United States ports on only four grounds: (1) lack of documents;
(2) malafide; (3) subversive; and (4) previously arrested or excluded and deported. He is
now refused permission to land on all other grounds of exclusion applicable generally to
nonimmigrants, such as criminal and narcotic violations, immoral activities, and mental
and physical deficiencies.
The new Act also provides that nonimmigrant alien crewmen must obtain indivi-
dual crewman visas from American consular officers where it is practicable. This require-
ment is an additional safeguard to the security of the United States, since information is
available to consular officers in the alien's own country which is not available to immi-
gration officers who examine crewmen at ports in the United States. This procedure has
screened out many undesirable crewmen during the past year. The new Act also provides
for the issuance of conditional landing permits to all alien crewmen found eligible for
shore leave in the United States. The use of the conditional landing permit has resulted
in fewer desertions of vessels by crewmen and has, largely, closed one loop-hole by
which, in the past, many aliens succeeded in entering the United States illegally in the
guise of crewmen.
During the year 52,878 vessels and 102,184 planes arrived with 1,143,386 alien
and 852,432 citizen crewmen aboard. More than 18,000 alien crewmen were ordered held
on board the carriers on which they arrived. Of those granted shore leave 1,963 deserted,
a reduction of 15 percent since 1953. The principal nationalities of those deserting were
295 Italian, 233 Spanish, 209 British, 196 Greek, 190 Norwegian, and 136 Chinese. Most
of the desertions were from carriers of Norwegian, Panamanian, Spanish, and British
registry.
Each year since the World War II air and sea traffic increases have averaged
ten percent. Air traffic, in particular, is increasing. Two airlines have now inaugurated
flights from Europe terminating in Chicago rather than on the East Coast, and it is indi-
cated that other competing lines will soon establish similar flights terminating at in-
terior airports in the United States. With a decreased force of immigrant inspectors it has
been necessary to develop new inspectional procedures streamlined to the utmost to
meet this heavy burden.
-23
Emigrants and Nonemigrants
JEmigrants.--Emigrants are, by definition, aliens who depart from the United States
after a residence exceeding one year in the United States, with the intention of remain-
ing abroad. It will be seen from this definition that emigrant, therefore, is not the op-
posite of immigrant in all cases, since some aliens admitted as nonimmigrants on arrival
may depart after a year or more and be classed as emigrants.
The number of emigrants increased to 30,665 in the fiscal year 1954, from 24,256
in the previous year. The principal countries to which emigrants went are shown in the
following table.
Number of emigrants departed by country of
intended future residence
Years ended June 30, 1953 and 1954
Country of
future residence
1954 1953 Country of
future residence
1954
1953
Total number .._ 30,665 24,256
Europe
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands „
Norway
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom ...
Other Europe
14,192
470
1,937
1,403
709
344
1,180
607
219
291
542
490
3,378
2,622
12,557
427
1,484
1,491
621
367
1,358
439
571
291
376
380
3,185
1,567
Asia _ „.
China
India
Israel
Japan „.._
Philippines
Other Asia .
4,972 2,757
459
391
486
1,165
1,002
1,469
North America 7,144
Canada 2,463
Mexico 1,208
West Indies _. 2,547
Central America 921
Other North America.. 5
South America „ 3,248
Africa „ — 485
Australia 85 N. Zealand 451
Other countries 173
155
237
267
701
598
799
5.957
1,925
988
2,383
633
28
2,180
363
352
90
Nonemigrants .— Nonemigrants are temporary visitors leaving the country after a
stay of one year or less, or resident aliens who are leaving for a temporary visit abroad.
During the year ended June 30, 1954, 568,496 nonemigrants departed from the
United States. There were 51,643 resident aliens who departed for temporary residence
abroad. The remainder, 516,853, entered as tourists, transits, government officials, and
others who were leaving the United States after stays of a few days to a year's duration.
- 24-
EXCLUSIONS
Aliens who arrive at ports in the United States seeking admission may be ex-
cluded if they fail to qualify under the immigration laws. Great care must be exercised
toward preventing the entry of any alien whose presence could be inimical to the interests
of the United States. On the other hand, it is important that inspections be conducted in
such a manner as to foster good international fellowship. A total of 173,888 aliens were
denied entry on primary inspection as compared with 155,797 in the prior year. Many of
those denied admission were aliens who arrived at the land borders and who turned back
when questioned by a primary inspector without a formal hearing.
In most instances aliens held for exclusion are given a hearing before a Special
Inquiry Officer. With certain exceptions an appeal from the order of exclusion by the
Special Inquiry Officer lies to the Board of Immigration Appeals. There is no appeal in
those cases in which the excluding decision is based on confidential information, the
disclosure of which would be detrimental to the public interest.
" During the fiscal year 1954, 3,313 aliens were excluded from the United States,
2,334 less than in the previous year. The decline in exclusions was due chiefly to a drop
ia the number of exclusions of aliens from Canada who attempted entry without proper
documents. Under regulations in effect last year, documentary requirements were waived
in many cases of aliens entering from Canada for a temporary stay in this country.
There were 111 aliens excluded in the past year on subversive grounds and 364
aliens on criminal, immoral, and narcotic grounds. Three illicit traffickers of drugs were
excluded from the United States. Twenty-one aliens were excluded as having been con-
victed of two or more offenses, and 277 aliens were excluded who sought to enter the
United States by fraud or misrepresentation.
The table below shows the principal causes for exclusion during the past year.
Aliens excluded from the United States, by cause
Year ended ]une 30, 1954
Cause Number
All causes 3,313
Attempted entry without proper documents „ 2,125
Attempted entry without inspection or by false statements 307
Criminals 296
Previously excluded or deported 201
Mental or physical defectives _ 127
Subversive or anarchistic _ 111
Immoral classes 65
Previously departed to avoid service in armed forces 32
Likely to become public charges 16
Stowaways _ 2
Other classes ..„ _. 3 1
25
Alien Address Reports
Annually, in January, all aliens are required to notify the Service of their current
addresses. This is a provision of Sec. 265 of the Immigration and Nationality Act. In
January 1954 more than two and one-half million reports were received.
More than 71 percent of the
2,365,811 resident aliens who reported
lived in the eight States of New York,
California, Texas, Illinois, Michigan,
New Jersey, Massachusetts, and Penn-
sylvania.
The chart points up the relative
change in the major centers of alien pop-
ulation as compared with the 1940 alien
registration, with Texas moving from
ninth place in 1940 to third place in 1954
in terms of alien population.
The table below shows the prin-
cipal nationalities and States of residence
of aliens reporting.
ALIEN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES
1940 AND 1954
State
NEW YORK
CALIFORNIA
TEXAS
ILL INOIS
MICHIGAN
NEW JERSEY
MASSACHUSETTS
PENNSYLVANIA
ALL OTHER
Per ceTit
10 20
10 20
Per ceTi t
Resident aliens who reported under the Alien Address Program,
by selected nationalities and States of residence: During 1954.1/
State of
residence
All
nation-
alities
Great
Britain
and Can-
ada
Wexico
Poland 1
jierraarty
Italy
1
U.S.S.R.
Other
United States
2.365.811
461.987
314.77^
231.401
191.456
189.915
116.735
859.546
New York
514,569
92,%2
1,669
68,039
51,869
71,057
38,796
190,177
California _. _
363,730
70,272
112,692
5,768
15,008
16,237
10,846
132,907
Texas
167,379
5,956
142,667
978
3,484
916
379
12,999
Illinois
141,175
13,442
8,202
29,161
17,273
6,193
8,547
58,357
Michigan ..
141,153
53,078
3,928
22,735
9,672
6,549
6,039
39,152
New Jersey
125,85i
18,155
214
21,398
16,332
19,704
10,328
39,722
Massachusetts .._
123,374
39,220
101
14,890
3,605
13,537
5,425
46,596
Pennsylvania
105,179
13,808
569
15,887
10,868
13,761
10,218
40,068
Other __
683,399
155,094
44,729
52,545
63,345
41,961
26,157
299,568
1/ Figures do not include 31,396 alien address reports that were incomplete and 114,106
aliens in the United States in temporary status.
-26-
Adjustment of Status
To ameliorate to some extent the inevitable hardships in the enforcement of the
immigration laws, Congress has provided certain equitable powers to the Attorney Gen-
eral to adjust the status of such affected persons.
Suspension of depo r tation .— Section 19(c) of the 1917 Immigration Act, the fore-
runner of Sec. 244(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, provided for the suspen-
sion of deportation by the Attorney General and adjustment of status to that of permanent
residents of deportable aliens who meet the legal requirements. Suspension under the
1917 Act was based on hardship or long residence and required approval of Congress.
In the fiscal year 1954, 2,241 suspension of deportation cases under the provi-
sions of Sec. 19(c) of the 1917 Immigration Act were submitted to Congress and 6,035
cases were approved by Congress.
The present requirements for suspension of deportation are found in Sec. 244(a)
of the Immigration and Nationality Act. Suspension under that Act is based on the
alien's long physical presence in the United States and exceptional and extremely un-
usual hardship to the alien or his family. While many of the provisions of Sec. 244(a)
are more restrictive than Sec. 19(c) of the 1917 Act, the present law permits the granting
of suspension to certain reformed criminals, prostitutes, and other undesirables who
were ineligible under Sec. 19(c) of the 1917 Act. All grants of suspension of deportation
must be reported to the Congress, which passes upon them by either affirmative or nega-
tive action, as provided by law.
During the past year 293 suspension of deportation cases were submitted to
Congress under the provisions of Sec. 244(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, but
none were approved.
The number of aliens who became permanent residents through suspension of
deportation numbered 7,087 in the fiscal year 1954.
The table below shows the number of quota immigrants who had adjusted their
status during the fiscal year 1954, and the quota areas to which charges were made for
these aliens.
27
Quota immigrants who had adjusted their
status through suspension of deportatJon
Year ended June 30. 1954
Quota area
Total number
Czechoslovakia
Number
5.204
101
Germany
253
Great Britain and N.
Greece
Italy
Ireland
601
408
596
Poland
Rumania
238
107
Spain _
Yugoslavia
161
107
Other Europe
898
Chinese racial
1,028
J ap an
184
Philippines
199
Other Asia
215
All other
108
SUSPENSION OF DEPORTATION CASES
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, P950-I954
I i
1951
1950
2,530
4 6
Thousands
Displaced persons in the United States .-Section 4 of the Displaced Persons Act
of 1948, as amended, provided that 15,000 eligible displaced persons (as defined in that
Act), temporarily residing in the United States, could apply to the Attorney General for
adjustment of their immigration status to that of permanent residents, provided they were
otherwise admissible to the United States and were lawfully admitted to the United
States as nonimmigrants under Sec. 3 or students under Sec. 4(e) of the Immigration Act
of 1924. The time within which to make application for relief under Sec. 4 of the Act
lapsed on June 16, 1952, by which time 11,610 applications had been filed. Practically
all of these have now been adjudicated, and only 588 remained pending on June 30,
1954, which still require adjudication. During the past fiscal year 1,393 applications
were forwarded to Congressfor approval, and 781 applications were approved by Congress
Section 4 displaced persons cases
Year ended June 30,
Submitted to
Congress
Approved by
Congress
Total
1954
1953
1952
1951
1950
5.781
1,393
1,080
1,550
1,231
527
3.744
781
1,733
574
656
-28-
The grounds for denial of adjustment of immigration status under Section 4 fall
into the following categories:
Years ended Tune 30.
1954 1953 1952 1951 1950
Total number 714 580 405 291 491
Not unable to return to country of birth, residence,
or nationality; no apparent persecution due to
race, religion, or political opinion 155 170 200 118 221
Cause for displacement did not arise from events
occasioned by and subsequent to outbreak of
World War II 21 20 12 1 20
Not a lawful entry under Section 3 or Section 4(e)
of the Immigration Act of 1924
Inadmissible to the United States .
Found haven in another country
Entered subsequent to April 30, 1949 1/
Not in United States when decision was rendered
321
230
103
103
73
116
62
49
16
6
32
69
32
53
69
69
27
9
-
99
_
2
_
.
3
V The Act of June 16, 1950, (64 Stat. 219) extended the entry date from April I, 1948,
to April 30, 1949.
The Refugee Relief Act .--Section 6 of the Refugee Relief Act provides that any
alien may apply within one year after the effective date of the Act to the Attorney Gen-
eral of the United States for an adjustment of his immigration status to that of a perman-
ent resident, if he established that prior to July 1, 1953, he lawfully entered the United
States as a bona fide nonimmigrant and, because of events which have occurred subse-
quent to his entry into the United States, he is unable to return to the country of his
birth or nationality or last residence because of persecution or fear of persecution on
account of race, religion, or political opinion.
It further provides that the Attorney General shall report all the pertinent facts
in the case to the Congress if he determines that such alien has been a person of good
moral character for the preceding five years, that the alien was physically present in
the United States on the date of the enactment of the Act, and that he is otherwise
qualified under the Immigration and Nationality Act except that the quota to which he is
chargeable is oversubscribed. If, during the session of Congress in which a case is re-
ported, or prior to the end of the session of Congress next following the session in
which the case is reported, the Congress passes a concurrent resolution stating in sub-
stance that it approves the granting of status of an alien lawfully admitted for permanent
residence to such alien, the Attorney General is authorized, upon payment of the required
visa fee, to record the alien's lawful admission for permanent residence as of the date
of the passage of such concurrent resolution.
Section 6 provides further that the number of aliens who shall be granted the
status of aliens lawfully admitted for permsment residence under such section shall not
exceed 5,000.
- 29 -
During the fiscal year 5,081 applications were received under this section, and
41 applications have been approved by the Attorney General and submitted to the Con-
gress for approval. As of the end of J une 1954, Congress had not approved any of these
applications.
The grounds for denial of adjustment of immigration status under Section 6 of the
Refugee Relief Act of 1953 are as follows:
Year ended June 30, 1954
Total number .._ 345
Not unable to return to country of birth, residence, or
nationality; no apparent persecution due to race,
religion, or political opinion -- — - - 169
Did not enter lawfully as a bona fide nonimmigrant 101
Eligible for a nonquota visa 24
Inadmissable to the United States _ 16
Not physically present in United States when law enacted 14
Entered subsequent to July 1, 1953 _ - 10
Admitted as exchange visitors 9
Cause for displacement did not arise from events which
occurred subsequent to entry into the United States 2
The requirement of the section that an alien must be unable to return to the
country of his birth or nationality or last residence because of events which have occur-
red subsequent to his entry into the United States produced considerable hardship in a
large number of cases because the events in question occurred prior to the alien's entry
into the United States. Public Law 751 of August 31, 1954, overcame this strict require-
ment and qualified many aliens previously ineligible for adjustment under Sec. 6. The
law will also greatly facilitate the disposition of applications now pending before the
Service.
Adjustment of status from nonimmigrant to immigrant. — Under the provisions of
Sec. 245 of the Immigration and Nationality Act a bona fide nonimmigrant may adjust his
status to that of a person admitted for permanent residence if he is found to be eligible
for an immigrant visa. One of the prerequisites for adjustment is that a quota number be
available to the applicant at the time of applying and at the time the application is
finally acted upon. Generally speaking, aliens who entered the United States as non-
immigrants are not eligible for adjustment under Sec. 245 if at the time of such entry
they were entitled to nonquota visas by reason of birth in nonquota countries. By regu-
lation, the benefits of this provision in the law are not available to nonimmigrants who
enter the United States as exchange visitors under the Information, Educational and
Exchange Act of 1948, as amended. Under Sec. 245 adjustment of status of an alien may
be made from a nonimmigrant to that of an immigrant admitted for permanent residence
without Congressional action.
During the fiscal year the cases of 1,461 aliens were adjusted to the status of
permanent residents. Disposition of these cases has been expedited through the use of
-30-
quota availability lists furnished on a monthly basis by the Department of State in order
that the Service may determine that a quota number is available at the time the applica-
tion is filed. Final orders of adjustment of status are made under Sec. 245 only upon the
deduction of the appropriate quota number by the State Department.
Adjustment of status of resident aliens to nonimmigrant status. -Under Sec. 247
of the Immigration and Nationality Act, the immigrant status of aliens admitted for per-
manent residence who subsequently acquire the status of treaty traders, foreign govern-
ment officials, or representatives to international organizations is terminated and they
become nonimmigrants under the applicable paragraphs 15(A), 15(E), or 15(G) of Sec.
101(a) of the Act. The alien, however, may request permission to retain his immigrant
status by filing with the Attorney General a written waiver of rights, privileges, exemp-
tions, and immunities under any law or executive order which would accrue to him by
such occupational status.
From September 1, 1953 to June 30, 1954, 1,980 cases under the provisions of
Sec. 247 were completed by the field offices.
Creation of record of admission for permanent residence. — To obtain a reentry
permit, to be naturalized, and for various other reasons, aliens need to have proof of
lawful admission for permanent residence.
Section 249 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, which is the equivalent of
the registry provisions of Sec. 328(c) of the Nationality Act of 1940, provides that a
record of lawful admission for permanent residence may be made in the case of an alien
if no such record is available. To be eligible, the alien must prove that he entered the
United States prior to July 1, 1924, that he has resided here continuously since, that he
is a person of good moral character, that he is not subject to deportation, and that he is
not ineligible to citizenship. When a record of admission has been made, the alien is
deemed to have been lawfully admitted for permanent residence as of the date of his
entry and he is issued an alien registration receipt card. Form 1-151.
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1954, 8,971 registry or creation of record
authorizations were completed.
Rescission of adjustment of status. — The Immigration and Nationality Act pro-
vides for the rescission of adjustment of status acquired under the various provisions of
law if within five years information comes to hand indicating that the person was not in
fact eligible for the adjustment of status. If the adjustment of status was procured under
Sec. 19(c) of the Immigration Act of 1917 or Sec. 244(a) of the Immigration and Nation-
ality Act, reports must be submitted to the Congress for affirmative action before rescis-
sion of such an adjustment of status becomes final.
Only one such rescission case was referred to the Congress during the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1954.
Three cases involving rescission of adjustment of status under other provisions
of law were handled during the same fiscal year.
31-
Border Patrol
DEPORTABLE ALIENS APPREHENDED
BY BORDER PATROL OFFICERS
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1950-1954
Number
,000,000
During the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1954, the Border Patrol appre-
hended 1,035,282 aliens, an increase of
more than 190,000 over the year previous.
Each year for the past ten years, as the
number of aliens apprehended has in-
creased in volume, nine-tenths of the
arrests were "wetbacks* from Lower
California, Arizona, and the Lower Rio
Grande Valley. In addition to the "wet-
backs" who have been apprehended along
or adjacent to the Mexican Border, 37,413
Mexican nationals were apprehended work-
ing in industries.
These aliens who entered the
United States illegally are responsible for
75 percent of all crimes committed in some
Southern California and Texas counties.
Jails are frequently filled to capacity by
illegal entrants committed for crimes rang-
ing from theft and vagrancy to murder.
Even more serious is the possibility that among the 'wetbacks" who seek employment
there may be those whose entry would be detrimental to our national security.
600,000
400,000
200,000
-A
/
/
rn
--^
/
i
■■
1950
53
1954
" Operation Wetback '
In order to gain control over a situation which had assumed such alarming propor-
tions, the Attorney General announced on June 9, 1954, that the Border Patrol would be-
gin an operation on June 17 to rid Southern California and Western Arizona of "wetbacks".
Simultaneous with the Attorney General's announcement, a band of road and railroad
blocks was established and manned some distance from the border to prevent the escape
of those who might flee toward the North unheeded. During the week prior to June 17,
10,917 aliens were apprehended at these points.
On June 17 a special force of approximately 800 officers from all Border Patrol
Sectors was assembled at El Centro and Chula Vista, California. The operation was
divided into two task forces which, in turn, were divided into command units, consisting
of 12 men headed by a Senior Patrol Inspector and equipped with trucks, jeeps, and auto-
mobiles. Radio-equipped vehicles formed a communications link between the unit and
Patrol aircraft and the task force headquarters. The aircraft pilot and observer were used
to locate alien groups and direct ground units to them.
When the task force went into action they used a system of blocking off an area
and mopping it up. Gradually they enlarged the operation until it embraced the industrial
emd agriculturetl areas of the entire State of California. As the drive progressed the
results showed that approximately 10 percent of the "wetbacks" who had been discovered
-32
in California were employed in industry. Their forced departure resulted in a drop in
weekly unemployment claims in the State amounting to some $325,000. The peak in ap-
prehensions was reached during the first week of operations when a daily average of
1,727 illegal aliens wa/. apprehended.
When the number of apprehensions warranted it, a daily commercial bus service
was inaugurated from the staging areas in California to Nogales, Arizona. Only males
who were without families in this country
were expelled through the staging areas,
all others were allowed to depart through
the ports of Mexicali and Tijuana. Pro-
vision was made for feeding and shelter at
the staging areas and each alien was pro-
vided with adequate food while travelling
to his point of repatriation. By arrange-
ment with the Mexican government, Mexi-
can officials were responsible for placing
these deportees on special trains at
Nogales, destined to the interior of Mexico.
Before each bus load of aliens left
the United States, a Border Patrolman
gave them an informal talk in the Spanish
language. Clearly and concisely he ex-
plained to the aliens the reason for their
repatriation. They were advised that in the
future their only opportunity to enter the
United States was to be by legal means.
Following this, there was a brief period
during which they might ask questions
pertinent to their status.
The Patrol unit at Nogales, Ari-
zona, was augumented in anticipation of
the attempted return of any of the de-
portees. However, largely as the result of
the excellent cooperation of the Mexican
officials, very few were able to escape the
trip to the interior. Only 23 of the 23,222
aliens deported through the area had at-
tempted to return to the United States and
had been apprehended by the Nogales
Patrol Unit up to the end of June.
As news of the operation of the
Special Force spread, unknown thousands
left the country voluntarily to avoid arrest
and transfer to the interior of Mexico. Many
family groups were encountered and coun-
selled to return to their homes. These
voluntary departures, an important factor in
the overall planning, were given impetus
when the Commissioner, during the week
preceding the drive, announced over the
radio and through the press that the
APPREHENSIONS
CALIFORNIA SPECIAL FORCE OPERATION -
LOS ANGELES AND SAN FRANCISCO DISTRICTS
JUNE 10 - 30, 1954
Number of Alien Apprehensions
500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500
DATE
I 1 1 1
JUNE 10
II
12
13
14
15
16
17
16
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
2e
27
28
29
JUNE 30
2, /-Jg
z.ose
1.831
1,733
/,639
1,526
1,402
2,(58
1,99 7
', 775
(,338
(,632
(,5(0
1,588
1,368
1,456
(,2 36
944
(,3/8
(,478
1,(50
! 1
33
"wetback* population was to be removed. Employers were urged to arrange for contract
lab6r, and most of them did so.
Based upon a careful appraisal of the situation with which this country is con-
fronted, togpther with the accomplishments of an improvised Special Mobile Force in
Southern California, the need for a more permanent force is indicated. Consequently, a
Special Mobile Force of 200 men has been planned, which will be able to shift its area
of operation anywhere in the United States. A supplemental appropriation was requested
of Congress on June 22, 1954, in the amount of $3,000,000 for personnel, aircraft, ve-
hicles, and other facilities for this purpose.
Accomplishments of 1954
A record of accomplishments, not included in "Operation Wetback", which cli-
maxed the closing weeks of the fiscal year 1954, but representing the activities of the
Border Patrol for the entire period of this report, follows:
With an authorized force of 1,079 officers the Border Patrol has endeavored to
cover 8,000 miles of boundary lines by automobile, jeep, plane, boat, and on foot. In the
course of such patrol 173,518 trains, busses, and boats were checked and 8,949,130
persons questioned. There were 398 arrests of violators of the narcotics and customs
laws. Drugs, vehicles, and other contraband, having an estimated worth of $952,715, were
seized and delivered to appropriate agencies for disposition.
Smugglers of aliens. — Eighteen-hun-
dred and twenty-two smugglers and trans-
porters were apprehended by the Border
Patrol during the past year. The graph
which follows indicates that there has
been a 900 percent increase in dealers in
human contraband in the past decade.
To curtail moie effectively this
evil, the Attorney General has proposed
legislation which, if enacted into law,
would not only penalize persons or corpo-
rations who knowingly employ aliens ille-
gally within the United States, but would
also permit the seizure of any vessel or
vehicle knowingly used for the transpor-
tation of illegal aliens into the United
States.
SMUGGLERS OF ALIENS APPREHENDED
BY BORDER PATROL OFFICERS
VEiRS ENDED JUNE 30, 1950-1954
2,000 -
1,500
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
A firmer attitude adopted by the courts toward immigration law violators, and an
aroused public concern over illegal and uncontrolled immigration, are other factors that
will aid in combatting smuggling.
Canadian border operations. -During the past year 7,893 arrests were made by
officers stationed on the Canadian Border, among which were 233 European aliens who
had made their way to Canada in an effort to enter the United States.
Gulf coast operations. -In the Southeastern part of the country the Border Patrol
made 5,015 apprehensions during the fiscal year 1954. The Southeast has a long, vulner-
able coastline. It also comprises large agricultural areas which attract illegal alien farm
workers from the Mexican Border. This requires the Border Patrol to curtail its work
-34-
elsewhere and operate far in the interior, particularly during planting and harvesting
seasons.
The most disturbing enforcement problem confronting the Border Patrol in the
Gulf area results from the existence of more than 100 excellent, hard surface, unattended
airfields within less than two hours flying time from Havana, Cuba, A number of these
fields have been used by alien smugglers, but any one of them could be used to convey
war material, as well as illegal aliens, into the United States.
Air patrol. —The Border Patrol air arm, consisting of 12 light planes, contributed
to the accomplishments of the organization in patrolling the international line and appre-
hending aliens and smugglers of aliens. Pilots and observers surveyed ranch and farm
areas locating groups of illegal aliens, tracked aliens in the desert sands of the South-
west, and, in the Southeast, flew patrols over the Florida Keys on the lookout for Cuban
fishing boats engaged in alien smuggling. The past year has shown that an adequate num-
ber of planes (used to transport rapidly interceptive forces; keep aircraft, boats, or auto-
mobiles under surveillance; and to guide the ground section of enforcement groups) would
provide an effective means of combatting alien smuggling and illegal entry.
Cooperation with other law enforcement agencies .— The Border Patrol cooperates
closely with all other law enforcement groups. They make frequent contacts with other
police agencies to solicit aid and, in turn, lend assistance in emergencies to municipal,
county. State, and Federal officers.
During the fiscal year 1954, Patrol Officers arrested and delivered to the appro-
priate agencies 823 violators of laws other than those relating to immigration and natura-
lization. In excess of 300 pounds of marijuana, 19 pounds of opium, and various quan-
tities of other drugs such as heroin, codeine, and demorol were seized.
BorderPatrol training . —The Border Patrol Training School is currently occupying
temporary facilities at El Paso, Texas. It is staffed by experienced officers who teach
immigration law, Spanish, patrol duties and authority, markmanship, self-defense, methods
of arrest, first aid, and public relations to accepted applicants. There were 165 men who
successfully completed the eighfr-week training course last year.
Following basic training, the 'trainee* officer is assigned to a regular duty sta-
tion where on-the-job training is continued under the direction of a field instructor.
Throughout his first year, the trainee received persortal guidance, his progress is care-
fully studied, and every effort is taade to develop his capabilities as an officer to the
fullest. Officers who lack interest, or ability to learn, or who do not demonstrate an
aptitude for Border Patrol work are separated from the Service during this probationary
period.
Future^ plans. — Plans for the next fiscal year include the following:
1. The establishment of a Special Mobile Force, appropriately equipped
on a permanent basis. Such a force can be moved to any locality in the
United States where the illegal alien situation warrants its use. This
will enable the campaign for rounding up the illegal aliens from Mexico
to be extended to include those who have infiltrated into several of our
industrial cities during the past few years.
2. The procurement of suitable facilities for the Officer Training School.
3. The development of more effective methods against smuggling by air
-35-
through the use of mobile radar equipment.
4. Insistence on the prompt removal by the Mexican government of ex-
pelled aliens away from Border areas.
5. The encouragement of the legal importation of Mexican agricultural
workers where a shortage of domestic labor exists.
36
Detention
The total number of aliens detain-
ed in Service and non-Service facilities
during the past fiscal year was 508, 566^
the highest in the history of the Service.
This impressive record of detentions,
representing an increase of 160 percent
over detentions for the year ending June
30, 1953, resulted from efforts by the Bor-
der Patrol to apprehend and clear out Mexi-
can "wetbacks" from the districts with
headquarters at San Antonio, El Paso,
Los Angeles, and Chicago. In all other
districts detentions either decreased sub-
stantially or remained the same as last
year. The priority given to the apprehen-
sion and deportation of aliens under sub-
versive, immoral, narcotic, and criminal
charges, (cases requiring more time to
complete) accounts for the decrease in
detentions.
With fewer persons in detention in
New York, Buffalo, Miami, and San Juan,
it was possible to shift excess personnel
positions from these districts to the deten-
tion camps at McAllen, Texas, and Chula
Vista, California, where emergency con-
ditions existed.
Aliens detained in contractual
jails. — About 83,000 aliens were detained
in 300 State, county, and city jails located
in the United States, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Islands, Guam, and Hawaii during the past
fiscal year. Every attempt is made by jail
officials to comply with Service regula-
tions requiring the segregation of aliens
delivered into their custody from other
prisoners. It is not always possible, how-
ever, to do so, since overcrowding of
jails is common and, in all but a few
States, buildings are old, and accommoda-
tions inadequate and incapable of expan-
sion. Although local officials are cooper-
ative, the detention of aliens in con-
tractual jails poses an administrative
problem where the inadequacy of deten-
tion space frequently determines or limits
DETENTION
SERVICE AND OTHER OPERATED FACILITIES
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1950-1954
Mon-Doys
MAN-DAYS OF DETENTION
1,200,000-
Faeilitii
I I 8«>»it»
1990 1951 1992 1953 1954
ALIENS DETAINED
1 1 s«»vie«
200,000-
1950 I9SI 1952 1953 1954
AVERAGE DAYS DETENTION
Focilities
^^Service
Other
' -•
N
*
"x
».
9
50 19
51 19
52 19
53 19!
>4
-37-
enforcement activities.
Decrease in length of time aliens are detained .-The rapid expulsion of Mexicans
after apprehension effected a decrease in the average number of days detention per per-
son from 5.2 in the fiscal year 1953 to 2.5 as of June 30, 1954. Subversive, criminal,
narcotic, and immoral cases remain longer in detention than others, but the number in
this group is comparatively small and does not materially affect the average.
Security measures .-Aliens held in Service-operated facilities under subversive,
narcotic, immoral, or criminal charges are segregated from all others; subversives, how-
ever, are under constant surveillance. All aliens in this group are furnished living ac-
commodations comparable to other detainees; similar visiting and other privileges are
permitted. Few complaints have been received relative to treatment, but in every instance
to date the grievance, which has constituted an attempt to be troublesome rather than
anything else, has not been sustained by the facts. Detention personnel receive special
training and instruction in the handling of aliens in these categories in order to avoid
unnecessary criticism or controversy, and yet to serve the best interests of the Govern-
ment.
Public relations .— Good public relations with reference to the detention of aliens
start within a detention facility ~ it is the only sure way that good will and wider public
understanding concerning the treatment of aliens will develops on the outside. Such a
policy of education has been particularly effective in the New York District, where every
year approximately 1,500 persons, including high school and college students, foreign
consuls, members of the press, women's and men's civic orginizations, and study clubs
are granted permission to visit Ellis Island. In addition, annually upwards of 50,000 per-
sons visit aliens who are detained at the Island.
In San Francisco, protests relative to the care and treatment of Chinese aliens
in detention have virtually disappeared. By encouraging inspection of the quarters and
giving those interested an opportunity to learn the facts, the Service is obtaining a
favorable response from the press and civic groups.
Even along the Mexican Border in Texas and in Lower California, where the
movement of Mexicans in and out of detention takes place on a large scale. Service
policy governing care and treatment of aliens continues to meet the approval of Mexican
consuls, who call frequently to inspect the camps and to talk with nationals of their
country who are awaiting deportation.
Culinary .— Approximately 2,250,000 meals were served in Service-operated facil-
ities during the past fiscal year at an average per capita cost of 43 cents per day. The
23 percent decrease from the per capita cost of 1953 is due primarily to the inclusion of
the extremely low-cost Mexican "pinto bean and chili" diet at the McAUen and El Centro
camps on the Mexican Border.
Condition and capacity of detention facilities .— The appearance and condition of
all Service facilities are satisfactory. Plant equipment is adequate to accommodate ap-
proximately 5,000 aliens under normal conditions. In an emergency the capacity of these
facilities can be increased to about 6,500.
During the past year, the second half of the new staging camp which serves the
McAUen-Brownsville area was equipped and staffed, so that the number of aliens who
may be detained has been increased to approximately 2,000.
Training and future planning .— Training of all Detention Officers at Ellis Island
- 38-
was continued with a 10-hour refresher course in February, following the standard 40-hour
course of training which was held there last year. Expansion of a training program to in-
clude detention officers in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and San Antonio is under way.
On-the-job training of culinary personnel has also been continued.
Future plans with respect to the overall detention program include evaluation and
analysis of space, equipment, authorized force, and operating costs in order to effect
such adjustments and economies as may seem advisable.
39
Parole
Pursuant to law, when any deportable alien is arrested and taken into custody,
pending final determination of his case, he may be continued in custody or released
under bond or on conditional parole. Aliens under subversive, criminal, narcotic, and im-
moral charges are given a "Notice to Depart Within Six Months" at the time the order of
deportation is entered.
TOTAL ALIENS ON PAROLE
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1950 -1954
30,000
10,000 ij
w.
Investigations of aliens under
criminal and subversive charges are con-
ducted at least once a year. If it is de-
termined that such aliens are not comply-
ing with the conditions of their enlarge-
ment two actions follow: (1) with respect
to those on conditional parole or bond,
parole or bond is revoked and the aliens
are taken into custody; and (2) where it is
revealed that they have wilfully failed to
depart, the facts are presented to the
local United States Attorney for possible
prosecution.
The law also provides that any
alien, inespective of charges, whose de-
portation has not been effected within the
six-month period, must be placed under
supervision. During the past year, 2,652
aliens in this group were placed under supervision. All aliens who are subject to super-
vision must appear in person from time to time before Deportation and Parole Officers to
divulge information as to their whereabouts, conduct, and associations. If they fail to
comply with the conditions of supervision they, also, are subject to prosecution.
During the past year as a result of these investigations, 18 cases were submitted
to the United States Attorney; four aliens have been indicted and their cases are pending
final court action.
1951
1952
1953
The number of deportable aliens who were on parole or bond or under supervision
during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1954, totalled 34,644. Aliens removed from con-
ditional parole or bond and placed under supervision, or whose cases were terminated by
deportation or adjustment of status totalled 17,562. As of the close of the year there were
16,969 deportable aliens on parole or bond or under supervision.
As of the close of the fiscal year 1954 there were 744 aliens who were either
under subversive charges or who had subversive backgrounds in the following parole
status:
-40-
Conditional bond 159
Court bond 30
Conditional parole 285
Under orders of supervision 227
Unavailable to the Service for deportation 26
Detained — 17
Total 744
As of June 30, 1954, 4,019 criminal, immoral, and narcotic aliens were detained or
at large, as follows:
Conditional parole 854
Conditional bond 498
Under supervision, with delivery bond 159
Under orders of supervision 801
Serving sentences in penal institutions 1,513
Detained at I&N expense 77
Unavailable to the Service for deportation 117
Total 4,019
A number of writs of habeas corpus have been sued out, some courts having sus-
tained the action of the Attorney General in the imposition of special restrictions. At
the present time, there are seven such cases pending before the United States District
Court for the Southern District of New York.
41-
Deportation
The number of aliens deported during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1954, reach-
ed a record totSfl of 26,951, an increase of 7,106 over the fiscal year 1953. Among these
deportees were 61 subversives and 1,127 aliens under criminal, narcotic, and immoral
charges.
The total number of aliens deported during the fiscal year 1954 exceeded that of
any preceding year. Causes and numbers deported 1950 to 1954 are shown in the follow-
ing table.
Aliens deported from the United States, by cause
Years ended June 30, 1950 - 1954
Cause
1954
1953
1952
1951
1950
All causes
26, 951
19,845
20,181
13, 544
6,628
Sabv^csive or anarchistic
61
37
31
18
6
Criminals _ . „ _
783
689
778
1,036
790
Immoral classes
239
100
50
67
53
Violators of narcotic laws
105
53
40
62
55
Mental or physical defectives
43
48
56
45
53
Previously excluded or deported...
336
276
539
940
553
Remained longer than authorized ._
401
1,561
4,469
3,289
1,661
Entered without proper documents..
5,344
9,724
9,636
5,322
1,352
Failed to maintain status
644
387
475
298
224
Failed to comply with conditions
of status .. ... _..
1,491
404
-
-
-
Entered without inspection or by
false statements _ _.
17,337
6,387
3,706
2,293
1,734
Likely to become public charges...
31
35
24
14
38
Miscellaneous
136
144
377
160
109
Voluntary departures totalled 1,074,277 for the year just ended,. of which 1,058,326
took place on the Mexican Border, 2,843 at the Canadian Border, and 13,108 at other ports.
Important factors to be considered in connection with the deportation of aliens
are election of country, claim of physical persecution, procurement of travel documents,
and transportation. These take on added significance with respect to the deportation of
aliens to 'iron curtain" countries, for the problems which are encountered often require
diplomatic representations by the Department of State to foreign governments. Likewise,
close liaison between the Service and transportation companies is necessary in arranging
safe and economical transportation, world-wide in scope.
Procedures for obtaining reconsideration of cases in which local Mexican consuls
have refused permission for the entry of deportees into Mexico were revised so that field
offices might refer these cases directly to the Liaison Officer of the Immigration and
Naturalization Service, who is stationed at the Embassy in Mexico City, for action.
42
Several changes were made in the
reciprocal arrangement with Canada for the
acceptance of deportees. These changes
included the designation of the Stevenson
Airport at Winnipeg as a port of entry for
deportees arriving in Canada from the
United States on nonstop aircraft, thereby
reducing the expense of escort personnel.
The law provides that an alien who
is deportable under subversive charges
may apply for suspension of deportation
or other type of adjustment of status if he
has discontinued membership in subver-
sive organizations for more than ten years.
In many cases of this type travel docu-
ments are regarded as practically unob-
tainable. These cases are being reopened
to determine whether discretionary relief
may be granted.
Also under the law, an alien may
request the withholding of deportation
based upon a claim of physical persecu-
tion, if deported to the particular country
designated in the final order of deporta-
tion. Increasing numbers of Chinese are
claiming physical persecution, if returned
to the mainland of China. In these cases,
each alien is given an opportunity to be
deported to Formosa, but, up to the
present, all but a few have declined. No
travel documents are required for depor-
tees to China, provided they are of the
Chinese race. All that is necessary is a
transit visa through Hong Kong.
In the fiscal year 1954, 258 appli-
cations were received for the withholding
of deportation under the law. Of this
group, 180 applications were denied, 53
deportations were withheld, and 25 are
still under consideration.
To effect economy in deportation
cost. Military Sea Transportation Service
(MSTS) is used for the deportation of aliens
whenever space is available, and the more
economiced, non-scheduled planes are used
to the maximum. During the past year,
when such planes became available in the
Chicago area, the Service was able to
make satisfactory arrangements for the
transportation of all Mexican deportees to
the Border.
DEPORTATIONS AND VOLUNTARY DEPARTURES
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1950 - 1954
DEPORTATIONS
1954
1953
1952
1951
1950
' --- T' .w-'. 1. I . r- -^.ike^^ji- . >'.
I'-' r
10 15 20 2 5 30
T housands
VOLUNTARY DEPARTURES
(EXCLUSIVE OF MEXICANS)
1950 I9SI 1952 I9S3 1954
TOTAL EXPULSIONS
Aliens deported CZl Aliens departing
voluntarily
1954 ■ 1,101 228
i . i
1950
400 800
T housands
43
Investigations
The increased tempo of the investigative work of the Service is reflected in the
increase of approximately 35 percent in the number of deportations effected, and ap-
proximately 21 percent in the number of voluntary departures over fiscal year 1953.
Investigations conducted by Service investigators resulted in the issuance of warrants
of arrest or in voluntary departures from the United States in the cases of 84,616 aliens.
The major phases of investigative operations during the fiscal year 1954 are dis-
cussed below.
(1) Anti-subversive operations .— In the discharge of the responsibilities of the
Service as a security agency, it is incumbent upon Service investigators to obtain evi-
dence upon which the exclusion, deportation, or denaturalization of subversives may be
predicated. Information received from other security agencies is analyzed and coordi-
nated with the results of Service investigations. Evidence, either in the form of docu-
ments or witnesses, is made available to the Criminal Division of the Department of
Justice for use in denaturalization proceedings which have been instituted as a result
of Service investigations.
Investigations calculated to obtain admissible evidence of Communist Party
membership or subversive activities of aliens and naturalized citizens continue to be
intricate and time-consuming. Concealment tactics have been overcome, in part, by the
development of additional sources of information and by encouraging former Communist
Party members to testify as to the Communist Party membership or subversive activities
of the naturalized citizen or alien.
A case illustrating the ramifications involved in anti-subversive investigation is
that of a Communist functionary deported during the past fiscal year. It came to the atten-
tion of the Service that he was possibly a subversive alien who had infiltrated into the
labor field. He had consistenty claimed birth in New York City when applying for li-
censes, executing Selective Service forms, and in other instances when he was ques-
tioned concerning his citizenship status. It was necessary, therefore, to ascertain
whether his claim to United States birth was false, and to verify the allegations regard-
ing his subversive activities.
The first break in the investigation came when a 1929 record of the temporary
admission of an alien seaman was located which appeared to relate to him. He claimed
that he had been erroneously manifested by the steamship company, as a result of his
having been signed on the vessel in England, where he had been taken by his parents
during his early childhood. However, through the cooperation of other governmental
agencies, a birth certificate was located which appeared to establish his birth abroad,
even though the certificate was in a name completely different from that which he used.
The birth certificate was definitely established as relating to him when an older relative
of his abroad identified his photograph as that of the person whose name appeared on
the birth certificate.
Meanwhile, the anti- subversive phase of the investigation had continued to de-
termine whether admissible, rather than hearsay, evidence was available to establish his
-44-
deportafion as a subversive. Known former Communist Party members were located and
interrogated as to whether they had eyewitness knowledge of the alien's affiliations and
were willing, or could be persuaded, to appear in an open hearing to testify concerning
such knowledge. Among those interviewed, several were found who readily recalled the
alien as a fellow-Communist member, but who, for fear of reprisals, loss of employment,
etc., were adamant in refusing to testify, and would furnish information and leads only
in the strictest confidence. Nevertheless, continued inquiries resulted in the location of
four reliable persons who could, and would, testify from personal knowledge that he was
an active Communist Party member. With the establishment of a prima facie case of
alienage and deportability, a warrant of arrest was issued by the District Director con-
cerned, and the alien was taken into custody pending deportation hearing. When confront-
ed with the evidence at the deportation hearing, the alien refused to testify concerning
his place of birth and invoked the Fifth Amendment under cross-examination regarding
Communist affiliations. His appeal from the order of deportation was dismissed by the
Board of Immigration Appeals, and he was deported from the United States on June 26,
1954.
During the past fiscal year, despite such difficulties, 175 subversive aliens
were placed under deportation proceedings predicated upon subversive charges and 23
other subversive aliens on other deportation charges. This action had a far-reachir.g im-
pact on the subversive alien element in the United States, in that among those placed
under proceedings were functionaries of the Communist Party in Detroit, Pittsburgh,
Cleveland, New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles.
Suits to revoke citizenship were filed in the United States District Courts against
31 naturalized persons who either prior to or at the time of naturalization were Commu-
nists. Fiscal year 1954 saw 111 subversive aliens whose entry would have been preju-
dicial to the best interests of our country excluded from the United States.
(2) Anti-racketeer, and other anti-criminal, narcotic, and immoral operations. —
With a view toward dealing a blow to the criminal alien element in the United States
emphasis was placed on deportation investigations relating to aliens of the racketeer,
immoral, and narcotic classes.
Investigations to obtain evidence on which to base deportation proceedings
against individuals in these classes frequently necessitate time-consuming research
covering the alien's activities over a period of several years. In one such case a well-
known racketeer had testified before a Congressional committee investigating organized
crime that he was a native-born citizen of the United States. He was in possession of a
delayed birth certificate. This Service, in endeavoring to ascertain the true facts in the
case, checked the affidavit on which the birth record was created. Through a search of the
city real estate and building permit records it was found that there was no building at
the address indicated at the time of the alleged birth. Investigation as to his family
background disclosed his parents and all of his brothers were born in Italy. One of the
brothers was a naturalized citizen. This led to an extensive search of records of arrivals
which disclosed a record of the arrival of a person of the same name from Italy in 1909.
To further establish alienage, old school and arrest records were found which reflected
his birthplace as in Italy, and a record of his birth in Italy was obtained. As the entry in
1909 was a lawful one it was necessary to obtain additional evidence on which to base
a deportation proceeding. It had been reported the subject had visited a notorious crim-
inal in Cuba. On the basis of this report an investigation in Cuba and a search of arrival
records at Miami, Florida, disclosed the subject had entered the United States at Miami,
at which time he claimed to be a United States citizen. As this constituted an entry by
false and misleading statements and without documents, it was possible to institute pro-
ceedings which culminated in an order for the alien's deportation. In addition, on the
- 45-
basis of evidence obtained by investigators of this Service, the subject was convicted
for false testimony before a Senate committee and before a grand jury in the State of
New Jersey. He was sentenced to serve an aggregate from three to four years' imprison-
ment.
As a result of investigations of this type, 1,118 criminal, narcotic, or immoral
aliens were arrested and deportation proceedings instituted. Cancellation suits were
filed against eight prominent or notorious racketeers, one of whom had received national
notoriety during the past few years as a member of a Brooklyn crime organization known
as "Murder, Inc." Of the hundreds of criminals ordered deported, seven were classified
as racketeers by police authorities on a local level, and one had been named before the
United States Senate Special Committee to Investigate Organized Crime in Interstate
Commerce as one of the leading racketeers in the United States.
A more effective liaison was developed with police officials, both foreign and
domestic, with a view to stopping alien criminals from entering the United States and
expelling those who manage to effect entry. A recent case demonstrates the effective-
ness of this practice. The Winnipeg, Canada, police recently reported that two wanted
Canadian criminals were at a tourist camp in Southern California. Within an hour Service
officers took them into custody. The criminals were quickly placed in the custody of
Canadian authorities after formal deportation proceedings.
(3) Anti-smuggling and stowaway operations .— The illegal entry of stowaways and
smuggled aliens was more effectively combatted by the establishment of specially train-
ed investigations units at major seaports. Better control over alien crewmen has resulted
in the quick apprehension of those seamen who violated the terms of their admission or
who failed to depart with their ships.
(4) Visa and passport fraud operations .— Service investigators were successful in
uncovering a scheme whereby aliens obtained visas by the use of fraudulent evidence of
financial worth supplied by travel agencies abroad. This false evidence was submitted
to the American consul when the alien applied for an immigrant visa. The aliens who
were successful in gaining admission to the United States by this means have been plac-
ed under deportation proceedings, and three of them have been indicted by a Federal
grand jury.
Service investigations also revealed that Cubans had succeeded in gaining ad-
mission to the United States by the use of fraudulent Puerto Rican birth certificates.
Approximately 70 of these aliens were placed under deportation proceedings and a number
of others expelled from the United States. An attorney who assisted them was disbarred
for professional misconduct. A travel agent and Commissioner of Deeds for Puerto Rico
in New York, a former Registrador Demografico of Puerto Rico, and several other leaders
involved in the procurement and sale of fraudulent Puerto Rican birth certificates have
been indicted or sentenced for their participation in this fraudulent racket.
(5) General operations .— Unlike the more sensational cases in the racketeer and
subversive classes, the activities in the general investigative operations of the Service
involve the uncovering of the day to day violations of the immigration and nationality
laws which usually do not involve prominent persons. They do, nevertheless, frequently
require considerable investigative effort.
One case involving an alien illegally in the United States required the combined
efforts of the investigative forces of the Baltimore and Philadelphia District offices.
The alien, when apprehended by Service investigators in Baltimore, alleged birth in the
United States. His cousin, a Baltimore attorney, furnished bond for the alien's release
-46-
and represented him at subsequent hearings before this Service. At these hearings the
attorney submitted affidavits of three persons who attested they knew the alien to have
been born at Chester, Pa. These witnesses also appeared in person, with a fourth wit-
ness, and testified before officers of this Service that the alien was born at Chester, Pa.
Service investigators uncovered the fact that the alien, in endeavoring to establish a
claim to United States citizenship, was impersonating a deceased person who had been
born in the United States. As a result of the evidence obtained the attorney, the alien,
and the four witnesses were indicted for conspiracy. The attorney was also indicted for
for subornation of perjury.
The Service is concentrating its major attention in the field of general investiga-
tive operations upon the apprehension of recently arrived illegal aliens as the most ef-
fective utilization of the available investigative manpower.
47.
Nationality
The responsibility of the Service toward aliens extends beyond the admissiori of
eligible aliens and the expulsion of aliens illegally in the United States to the fostering
of citizenship through naturalization.
Stimulated by the World War II, naturalizations granted reached a peak of 441,979
in fiscal year 1944, declined to a low of 54,716 in 1951, and rose again to reach injssi
in fiscal year 1954. The small immigration during war years accounts, in part, for' the
decreases, while new immigration after the war and new legislation probably explain
the reversal in trend.
The principal changes made by the Immigration and Nationality Act regarding the
qualifications for naturalization relate to the elimination of the racial bars and the
declaration of intention as a prerequisite to naturalization. These two factors alone
have brought about a large increase in the number of aliens applying for naturalization.
300,000
200,000
100,000
IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED AND PERSONS NATURALIZED
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1945-1954
300,000
IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED
PERSONS N/ITUR4LIZED
1945
200,000
100,000
1950
1954
Declarations filed. -Although the Immigration and Nationality Act no longer
makes the declaration a prerequisite to naturalization, the option of filing a declaration
of intention has been left with the alien, since it may be needed in obtaining employ-
ment. In many States it is a prerequisite for a license to engage in some occupation or
profession, such as the practice of medicine, nursing, dentistry, etc. Only 9,100 declar-
ations were filed in the fiscal year 1954.
48-
Petitions filed. --The number of
applications to file petitions for natura-
lization reflected the general upward turn
in naturalization activity, with an increase
of 33 percent over last year.
During the year, 130,722 petitions
for naturalizations were filed, and 37,881
petitions were still pending on June 30,
1954.
Statutory provisions applied .—
From 1948 through 1952, 50 percent or
more of those who were naturalized were
granted citizenship under special provi-
sions of the laws (chiefly "war brides"
naturalized as persons married to United
States citizens). In the past fiscal year 73
percent came under the general provisions,
reflecting, no doubt, the naturalization of
displaced persons and others who have
become resident aliens following the war.
On June 30, 1953, Public Law 86
was enacted, providing for a short form
method of naturalization for aliens who
serve or have served honorably in the
United States Armed Forces between June
24, 1950, and July 1, 1955. Section 2 of
of the Act provides for the naturalization
of such persons serving abroad by desig-
nated representatives of the Attorney
General, without the necessity of filing a
petition in any court. Representatives of
the Service stationed in Germany and
Italy have been functioning under this
legislation on the continent of Europe, as
well as in England and Africa. Other repre-
sentatives are travelling throughout Japan,
Korea, and Okinawa naturalizing members
of the Armed Forces stationed in those
countries. During the fiscal year 2,981
members of the Armed Forces were natura-
lized by Service representatives abroad.
In addition, 10,076 such aliens were nat-
uralized under this law by naturalization
courts in the United States.
Persons naturalized, by national-
ities. — As was pointed out last year, the
distribution of naturalizations by former
nationality reflects the distribution of the
total alien population. For example, 20 per-
cent of the resident aliens who reported their
addresses in 1954 were Britisher Canadian;
DECLARATIONS FILED
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1950-1954
125,000
100,000 -
75,000-
1950
1952
APPLICATIONS TO FILE PETITIONS
FOR NATURALIZATION
VEiRS ENDED JUNE 30,1950-1954
250,000 -
1950
1952
PERSONS NATURALIZED
BY STATUTORY PROVISIONS
VEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1950 - 1954
125,000
I i General Provisions
g^M.litar,
100,000 — [)<X] Persons Married 10 Clliienj
HH Other
75,000
25,000
1950
1952
1954
-49-
25 percent of those naturalized were British and Canadian. Similarly, eight percent of
the resident aliens were Italian; nine percent of those naturalized were Italian. In two
instances this correlation is not borne out. Mexican nationals are slow to naturalize-
possibly in part because of the literacy requirements. It may be anticipated that many of
the older persons of Mexican nationality will seek naturalization under the relaxed pro-
visions of the Act.
In the other case the effect of legislation may be seen. The largest group bene-
fited by the removal of racial restrictions are persons of the Japanese race. The Immi-
gration and Nationality Act excepted aliens who had been living in the United States for
20 years and who had reached the age of 50 years on the effective date of the Immigra-
tion and Nationality Act, from the general requirement that they demonstrate ability to
speak, read, and write English. The use of interpreters for the purpose of conducting the
examination of the applicants has been utilized. Of the total number of persons natura-
lized during the fiscal year, 6,750 were persons of Japanese nationality as compared
with 674 and 40 in the fiscal years 1953 and 1952, respectively. Prior to the Immigration
and Nationality Act Japanese were ineligible for naturalization.
PERSONS NATURALIZED
BY REGION OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1950-1954
12 5,000 •
j i Eui'ope
M^ asio .
100,000- 223 North amer.ca
WtM other
75,000-
2 5,000-"
§
S
milk
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
NATIONALITY OF ALIEN RESIDENTS
IN 1954 AND OF PERSONS NATURALIZED
DURING YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1954
100% 100 7o
British and
Canodian
Polish
German
Italian
ALIEN PERSONS
RESIDENTS NATURALIZED
Plans for the future .— The Immigration and Nationality Act prohibited the granting
of citizenship during the period of 60 days preceding the holding of a general election
within the territorial jurisdiction of a naturalization court. The elections held in the
various States on November 2, 1954, therefore, will prevent the naturalization courts from
conferring citizenship during the months of September and October. Because of the extra-
ordinary increase in the number of applications for citizenship submitted to the Service
since the effective date of the Immigration and Nationality Act, December 24, 1952, an
arrearage was created in the filing of petitions for naturalization. The respite which the
naturalization law gives the courts and the Service presented the Service with the oppor-
tunity to assist all aliens whose applications had been processed to file their petitions
for naturalization during those months.
All available personnel of the Service who can be spared from their regular duties
are being assigned to the filing of petitions for naturalization, with a view to naturaliz-
ing as many of the petitioners as possible promptly following the November election. It is
planned to have these naturalizations take place on a national scale and on a day fitting
-50-
for such an occasion.lt was concluded that the naturalizations should take place through-
out the United States on November 11, 1954, as part of the observance of Veterans' Day.
Judges of the various naturalization courts are being requested to hold naturalization
hearings on that day, and various patriotic and civic organizations will participate there-
in. The vast majority of the naturalization courts have agreed to hold hearings on that
date, with appropriate ceremonies. Impressive ceremonies will be held at such places as
the Hollywood Bowl and the Polo Grounds.
Petitions denied .— As shown below, the number of petitions denied has remained
approximately the same in the past five years, averaging 2,244 per year.
Years ended June 30, Petitions denied
1954 2,084
1953 2,300
1952 2,163
1951 2,395
1950 2,276
In the past fiscal year only one petition was denied to every 56 granted. Failure
to prosecute accounted for 674 denials, and withdrawal of the petition by the petitioner
for 897. Section 335(e) of the Immigration and Nationality Act provides that after a
petition has been filed in a court, it can be withdrawn only with the consent of the Attor-
ney General.
Most of the reasons for denial of a petition for naturalization have remained
essentially the same. Failure to establish physical presence in the United States for the
period required by law is a new ground for denial of the petition under the Immigration
and Nationality Act. There were seven denials in this category. A new provision. Sec-
tion 315 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, made 19 petitioners ineligible for citi-
zenship since they had applied for and been relieved or discharged from military training
or service because of alienage. While there was no comparable section in the Nationality
Act of 1940, the selective service laws enacted since 1940 prohibited such aliens from
becoming citizens of the United States. Eighty-three petitioners failed to establish good
moral character, and 14 were unable to prove that they were attached to the principles of
the Constitution and well disposed to the good order and happiness of the United States.
Naturalizations revoked . —All except 15 of the 165 certificates of naturalization
revoked last year were initiated by the Foreign Service of the Department of State on
the ground that the naturalized citizens became residents of foreign states within five
years after naturalization. Five certificates were revoked on the ground that the aliens
fraudulently concealed that they were of bad moral character at the time of naturaliza-
tion. In five cases the ground for revocation was that the aliens were subversives.
Certificates of naturalization revoked, by grounds for revocation
Years ended June 30, 1953 and 1954
Grounds 1954 1953
Total 165. 335
Established permanent residence abroad within five years
after naturalization 150 327
Bad moral character (Iraud involved) 5 2
Misrepresentations and concealments relating to marital and
family status _ _ ^ 1
Fraudulent concealment of subversive membership 5 6
Miscellaneous grounds 4
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Loss of nationality by expatriation. — In addition to loss of nationality by revoca-
tion of naturalization, persons may expatriate themselves by voluntary renunciation or
abandonment of nationeility and allegiance.
The Immigration and Nationality Act reenacted most of the grounds for expatria-
tion in the Nationality Act of 1940. The sections of the Nationality Act of 1940 with
respect to expatriation of naturalized nationals by residence abroad for three or five year
periods were retained in the new law but the provision with regard to loss of nationality
of a naturalized national by residence for two years in the foreign state of birth or nation-
ality and acquiring its nationality, was not reenacted. The exceptions to the provisions
on residence abroad have been considerably expanded in the new Act, as compared with
the Nationality Act of 1940.
As shown below, expatriations numbered 6,938 in the fiscal year 1954. Voting by
a naturalized citizen in a foreign political election or plebescite was the chief ground
of expatriation.
The various ways of losing nationality, which are stipulated in Sections 349 and
352 of the Immigration and Nationality Act and in prior Acts, are shown in the following
table.
Persons expatriated, by grounds for expatriation
Years ended Tune 30. 1953 and 1954
Grounds for expatriation Number of persons
— 1954 1953
Total
Voting in a foreign political election or plebiscite
Residence of a naturalized national in a foreign state
Naturalization in a foreign state _ _ „
Entering or serving in the armed forces of a foreign state
Renunciation of nationality abroad _ _
Taking an oath of allegiance in a foreign state
Accepting or performing duties under a foreign state
Departing from or remaining away from the U. S. to avoid
training and service in land or naval forces _
Other grounds _ _ _
6,938
8,350
2,222
2,651
1,557
2,657
1,544
1,677
696
700
425
398
220
152
134
67
134
45
6
3
Citizenship acquired by resumption or repatriation. — Statutory authority exists for
the re-acquisition of citizenship by persons who lost United States citizenship under
certain conditions.
-52-
The number of repatriations of former citizens is shown in the table below:
Y ears ended June 30 ,
1954 1953
Total number 2.806 2.299
Persons who lost citizenship by serving in the armed forces
of allies of the United States, and who were repatriated
under Sec. 323, Nationality Act of 1940 42 270
Native-born women who lost citizenship through marriage to
aliens and who were repatriated under the Act of June 25,
1936, as amended 240 486
Native-born women who lost citizenship through maniage to
aliens and whose marriages terminated:
Repatriated under Sec. 317(b) of the Nationality Act of 1940 .... 12 172
Repatriated under Sec. 324(c) of the Immigration and
Nationality Act ..._ _ _ - 331 34
Persons who lost citizenship through voting in a political
election or plebiscite in Italy and repatriated under P.L. 114
of August 16, 1951 — -_ - 2,181 1,337
Section 324(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act has replaced Section 317(b)
of the Nationality Act of 1940 regarding native-born women who lost citizenship through
marriage to aliens and whose marriages have terminated. Persons who lost citizenship
by serving in the armed forces of allied countries may no longer be repatriated but must
be naturalized in the United States in accordance with the provisions of Section 327 of
the Immigration and Nationality Act.
The number of repatriations increased by 500 in the past year. The chief increase
was in the persons who had lost citizenship through voting in a political election or
plebiscite in Italy and who were repatriated under the provisions of Public Law 114 of
August 16, 1951. As of June 30, 1954, 3,834 persons had been repatriated under the pro-
visions of this law, which expired August 16, 1953.
Derivative citizenship .— The factors which stimulated naturalization also have
aroused interest in proof of derivative citizenship.
The following table shows a steady rise in the number of applicants for deriva-
tive citizenship certificates during the last few years:
Applications Applications
Year ended June 30, received completed
1954 33,149 24,965
1953 27,473 18,528
1952 23,976 18,632
1951 20,695 15,785
There were 11,709 certificates of derivative citizenship granted. The Service is
embarked upon a program urging parents and others to obtain derivative certificates for
children at the time of their own naturalization. The program inaugurated near the end of
the fiscal year was not in effect long enough to be reflected in this year's figures as may
seen from the chart.
53-
The principsd nationalities of those
who received derivative certificates were:
Total
11.709
Italy
Canada
United Kingdom
U.S.S.R.
Germany
Poland
Austria
Czechoslovakia
Hungary
Sweden
Other
In addition to the certificates of
derivative citizenship issued, there were
6,029 certificates issued by reason of
birth abroad to citizen parents.
Citizenship Services
Text books. — Under the Immigra-
tion and Nationality Act this Service is
authorized to promote instruction and train-
ing in citizenship responsibilities of ap-
plicants for naturalization. Specifically
included in such education is the respon-
sibility for preparation and distribution of
citizenship textbooks. Candidates for
naturalization enrolled in, or studying un-
der the supervision of, public schools in the United States are issued copies of the
books free of charge.
During the past fiscal year, this Service revised and reprinted 16 of the 40 parts
of the Federal Textbook series. The enlarged foldover charts published early in 1953
were received with great enthusiasm by citizenship teachers. The first printing was
quickly exhausted and a second printing, with revisions, has proved equally popular.
Statistics on textbook distribution follow:
Citizenship textbooks for naturalization applicants distributed
to the public schools: Years ended June 30. 1948 - 1954
1948
1949
1950
1951
149,600
145,528
190,038
166,833
1952 .
1953
1954 _....
„„ 158,385
149,094
„. .. 137,996
Names of new immigrants .— Another obligation and responsibility encompassed in
the Act is the furnishing of names of potential candidates for naturalization to public
schools. From July 1, 1953, through June 30, 1954, 152,355 names and addresses of
-54-
newly arrived immigrants were sent to public school officials in local communities.
These slips were used by public schools to inform new alien residents of citizenship
education classes. Public school officials have sent thousands of class announcements
and personal letters of welcome to these arriving immigrants, thus stimulating their
interest in rapid integration into community life. Public schools reported 2,987 classes
held during the year with a total enrollment of 95,524.
Home study. — In addition to public school courses, home-study courses were spon-
sored by 37 State colleges and universities through their extension services. These
courses bring to naturalization candidates living in rural communities the benefits of
organized instruction. In the past fiscal year, 48,275 aliens were informed of home-study
courses and 19,687 were enrolled in the courses.
Citizenship promotion. -Representatives of this Service are frequently engaged
with other agencies in promoting good citizenship. Some illustrations follow:
(1) The Pittsburgh Office cooperated with a represetftative Citizenship Education
Committee whose objective is to strengthen its citizenry through an accelerated integra-
tion of the foreign bom. The Committee believed that the value of citizenship is enhanced
both for native-bom and naturalized citizens through participation in naturalization cere-
monies. Naturalization ceremonies included not only expressions of gratitude by new
citizens for their acquired status, but talks of welcome by members of local groups repre-
senting all phases of American life. Radio interviews and feature news articles centered
attention on the work of the Committee, as did films of both the naturalization ceremony
and a special library dedication.
Local public-school citizenship classes were given added impetus by the favor-
able attitude of the leaders of both native-born and naturalized groups. Study was diver-
sified with special stress being placed on community activities. In addition, a library was
set up to accommodate the reading needs of the prospective citizens. On opening day,
students borrowed all but one of the library books!
(2) The Buffalo District continued to publish "Citizenship Education News and
Notes." This newsletter, with a circulation of 400, keeps the Americanization teachers
in that District advised on such subjects as: dates of final naturalization hearings, news
about naturalization ceremonies, reports of visits to citizenship classes by Service of-
ficers, citizenship education activities in various localities, changes in naturalization
regulations, jurisdiction of Service sub-offices in naturalization matters, and general
announcements regarding Service publications and other matters.
(3) The Boston Office reports on military naturalization in that District '....When
the naturalization session has been assigned by the court, the soldier applicants have
been brought to this office accompanied by commissioned officers who act as the sub-
scribing witnesses for the filing of their petitions. The petitions have been filed in the
morning and the hearing and oath of allegiance administered in the afternoon. After the
session, the newly naturalized servicemen are conducted by their officers on a tour of
some of the historical sites of Boston and have concluded their tour by a visit to the
office of the Governor of Massachusetts, who personally congratulates each soldier."
(4) The lifting of all racial bars to naturalization has resulted in large enroll-
ments of nationals from the Orient in citizenship classes. From the far west come reports
of entire schools composed of these groups alone. The high degree of sincerity in their
studies is shown by almost perfect class-attendance records. The advanced ages—in
many cases ranging from 50 to 80 years— indicate a determination to qualify for this
patiently awaited privilege of citizenship.
-55-
(5) During the year, the Assistant Commissioner of the. Citizenship Services and
Instructions Division spoke on Citizenship problems at two newly-organized State Con-
ferences on Citizenship. Space was provided at these meetings for display of informa-
tional pamphlets about the work of the Immigration and Naturalization Service.
(6) The two Service films, "I Am An American" and "Twentieth Century Pilgrim,"
have continued to prove popular for display before patriotic, civic, school, and other
groups during the year. At one reported "Thanksgiving" program designed for members of
a public- school citizenship class, the film "Twentieth Century Pilgram" was featured in
an interesting leader-audience-response device to illustrate the responsibilities and
privileges of citizenship.
Court induction ceremonies. — In 1942 a nation-wide movement was initiated to
make the naturalization ceremony a more meaningful and inspirational occasion. To help
accomplish this purpose the Service issued "Gateway to Citizenship," a manual prepared
in cooperation with the committees on American citizenship of the American Bar Associ-
ation and the Federsd Bar Association. This manual was distributed again this past
year to naturalization judges and to civic, educational, and patriotic groups interested in
furthering the cause of good citizenship. During the past year, about 125,000 copies of
the Service memento booklet, "Welcome to U.S.A. Citizenship," were distributed to new
citizens at the time of their naturalization.
An intense interest in naturalization proceedings has been evidenced during the
past year. Local civic groups have given much time and effort to help make these cere-
monies memorable. In many areas receptions for the new citizens were held just after the
court hearing. In many cases, presiding judges have personally greeted each new citizen,
and local citizens have extended a welcome to the community. In two instances natura-
lization ceremonies were recorded on motion picture film by permission of the presiding
judges-one such film reached the Nation through TV broadcast.
Under Public Law 86, 83rd Congress, military naturalizations outside the con-
tinental United States are again permitted. Designated officials of the Immigration and
Naturalization Service are authorized under the law to conduct these hearings. The Com-
missioner of Immigration and Naturalization, who attended hearings in Germany and
Austria, reported the splendid morale-building effect these ceremonies had upon the natu-
ralized servicemen. The first such ceremonies took place on December 10 and 11, 1953,
at Orleans, France.
Under the auspices of the Army, ceremonies were held to celebrate the natura-
lization of these members of the Armed Forces in practically every country where such
naturalizations took place. Designated representatives of this Service participated in
practically all of these ceremonies.
Eighth National Conference on Citizenship .-On August 13, 1953, President
Eisenhower signed into law a bill passed by the 83rd Congress granting the National
Conference on Citizenship a Federal Charter. This signal honor, tendered the Conference
by unanimous vote of both the Senate and House of Representatives, marked an historic
milestone in the life of the Conference, whose objectives are: "To re-examine the func-
tions and duties of American citizenship in today's world; to assist in the development
of more dynamic procedures for making citizenship more effective; and to indicate the
ways and means by which various organizations may contribute concretely to the develop-
ment of a more active, alert, enlightened, conscientious, and progressive citizenry in our
country."
-56-
"Citizenship Day,' September 17, was observed in the District of Columbia at the
Washington Monument Grounds and on the Ellipse during the 1953 National Conference.
Following a patriotic program, there was featured a Retreat Parade in which 600 men of
the Third "Old Guard" Infantry Regiment marched in review-a fitting tribute by the oldest
active regular Army infantry regiment to the "new' citizens and other guests. Governors,
or their Representatives, of the 13 original States placed wreaths at the foot of the
Washington Monument.
The Service again provided an exhibit which not only displayed the various parts
of the Federal Textbook and graphically outlined the work accomplished during the
previous year, but centered around the moving picture 'Twentieth Century Pilgram,"
shown on a continuous projection machine installed as a part of the display itself.
57-
Administration
PERSONNEL
On June 30, 1954, the Immigration and Naturalization Service consisted of 7,100
employees. There were 811 in the Central Office and 6,289 in the field. The latter group
included 124 employees stationed in Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin
Islands, and 51 located in Canada, Cuba, Mexico, Germany, Italy, Austria, and Greece.
Classification.- A bout 50 Patrol Inspectors, 1,000 Immigrant Inspectors, and 120
Naturalization Examiner positions were established or reclassified. Thus more equitable
salaries based on actual duties and responsibilities were paid to a large number of
officers, thereby improving effectiveness and efficiency of operations. At the same time,
audit of many of these jobs by the Civil Service Commission, and of many field positions
by the Central Office, assured that the Government would receive full value for work
performed.
Recruitment and placement .-As a security agency, the Service must rely par-
ticularly upon a force of Investigators, Immigrant Inspectors, and Patrol Inspectors. Be-
cause of budgetary curtailments the first two groups were maintained at almost full
strength. For the latter group, which is vitally necessary in the control of the Mexican
Border problem, the Service was able to hold vacancies to less than six percent in spite
of a relatively high turnover rate, recruiting problems inherent in complete but lengthly
preemployment investigations, and vigorous employment standards resulting in the dis-
qualification of a large percentage of applicants.
Employee development .— During the past fiscal year the training office lent pro-
fessional assistance to operational programs for the training of journeyman Investigators
and of Patrol Inspectors (Trainee). A program for orientation and training of persons
assigned for the first time to positions of Immigrant Inspector and Investigator has been
prepared and released, and considerable progress was made in the preparation of neces-
sary arrangements and lesson material.
Employee relations and services .— The Immigration and Naturalization Service as a
security and enforcement agency must insist on a rigorous screening of present and
prospective employees and scrupulous behavior by its personnel. Employment investiga-
tions are evaluated to determine whether employees should be retained or separated, and
whether new employees should be appointed. Disciplinary actions and interviews are,
whenever possible, geared toward corrective or preventive measures, having as their
aim the improvement of morale, conduct, and attendance, and the strengthening of overall
performance and productiveness.
Active employee participation continued during the year in the following areas:
Local Chapter of AFGE, Group Hospitalization, Group Insurance, and Federal Credit
Union.
Service suggestions .— Daring the year, 108 employees suggestions were consider^
ed by the Service Suggestion Committee. Eighty-eight were rejected and 20 were adopted.
Cash awards totaling $480.00 were paid to 11 suggesters, the largest award being
$200.00. These cash awards, translated into potential savings, represent a saving of
-58-
$13,200 to the operations of this Service. Nine suggesters received Certificates of
Merit or letters of commendation because of the adoption of their proposals.
BUDGET
During the fiscal year 1953 procedures for budgetary planning and management
were changed through inauguration of a formalized method under which individual allot-
tees (District Directors) evaluate their requirements in detail early in the calendar year
and submit their recommendations for use centrally in connection with (1) plans for
allotment of the appropriation for the fiscal year next ensuing, and (2) the Commissioner's
recommendation to the Attorney General, in April or May, with respect to items to be
considered under Department-wide budgetary ceilings for the next budget year. The
reason for this change in procedure was to bring the budget operation into harmony with
the decentralized accounting system and to accord with the generally accepted budge-
tary principle that estimates and plans should have their beginning in the 'grass roots*
of the organization. Experience during 1954 indicates that the new procedure is working
Satisfactorily and results in operation personnel being more budget-minded than here-
tofore.
A total appropriation of $42,250,000 was made to the Service for the fiscal year
1954, an increase of $1,851,000 over the amount available for the preceding fiscal year.
The 1954 annual appropriation of $42,250,000 was included in the Departments of State,
Justice, Commerce, and the Judiciary Appropriation Act, 1954 (Public Law 195, 83rd
Congress, approved August 5, 1953).
Passage of the Appropriation Act was followed shortly by directives requiring
immediate retrenchment to meet the economy objectives of the administration. It was
necessary at once to place in reserve $1,000,000 of the 1954 appropriation. This was
followed later by withdrawal of additional amounts for reserve, thus forcing the gradual
reduction of Service operations to a level consistent with that planned for the ensuing
fisced year.
The establishment of money reserves required concurrent action with respect to
the authorized force. Additional officer positions which had been provided for 1954 were
immediately withdrawn and other reductions were made to bring the authorized force
down to the level projected for the fiscal year 1955.
In complying with a Bureau of the Budget Circular establishing general policies
under Title 5 of the Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1952 (5 U.S.C. 40) the
Service made a formal review as to the adequacy of existing fees or possibilities for
additional fees for licensing, registration, and related activities. A committee appointed
for this purpose submitted recommendations for changes in laws and regulations which,
if and when finally effected, will increase annual revenue by approximately $1,370,000.
FINANCE
The fiscal year 1954 was a year of continuing improvements under the new de-
centralized system of accounting and reporting installed throughout the Service in the
fiscal year 1953. Substantial savings, both in man-hours and dollars, were accomplished
through many revisions and refinements. Some of the areas in which the new accounting
system and procedures were further supplemented and refined are as follows:
(1) Development and installation of a new fee accounting procedure in the Dis-
tricts, resulting in Service-wide savings of approximately $100,000, including 20 posi-
tions, but exclusive of such items as postage, stationery, issuing of receipts, etc.
-59-
After the new procedure was in effect six months, it was determined that, through its
operation, there was no further need to designate only certain offices as "Application R&
ceiving Offices' since many of the adjudicative functions were absorbed at the sub-
office level. The results of this change have been a further savings in man-hours, prompt
service to applicants, and better utilization of officer personnel;
(2) Placing of leave records at the time and attendance reporting level throughout
the Service;
(3) Modification of the method of ordering savings bonds purchased by the payroll
deduction plan.which permits delivery of bonds due with the salary check for that period;
(4) Revision of the method of depositing collections by making such deposits di-
rectly with depository banks which eliminated the use of the Schedules of Collections form;
(5) Development and installation of an internal audit program as a further phase
in the decentralized system of accounting which is assisting management in achieving
efficient administration of the financial operations of the Service.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT - IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE
FISCAL YEAR 1954
Net cost of the operation of the Immigration and Naturalization Service
and the Administration of the Immigration and Naturalization Laws
Appropriation for salaries and expenses $42,250 000
Reduction of appropriation by Departmental transfer 1.233,000
Net approptiatien total $41,017,000
Reimbursements to the appropriation 1,654,000
Total funds available $42,671,000
Amount of available funds not obligated 68.455
Gross cost of operation $42,602,545
Less collections other than reimbursements:
Copying fees $ 24,682
Fees and permits 4,376,881
Head tax 48,678
Sale of Government property 85,984
Miscellaneous collections 39,207
Foreitures and bonds forfeited 312,243
Administrative fines 221.706
Total collections $ 5,109,381
Net cost of operations $37,493,164
STATISTICS
During the past fiscal year, particular emphasis was placed on the analysis and
interpretation of reports of operations. Monthly reports have been augumented by the
development of analytical text, summary tables, and graphs. Sample studies to provide
bases for estimating man-hour costs for processing to completion such actions as the
issuance of'visa petitions, reentry permits, and applications for naturalization petitions,
were devised. The raw data are now being tabulated.
- 60-
Major studies completed or already initiated include immigration under the Immi-
gration and Nationality Act, a revision of the pamphlet " Our ImmiRration ," and a study
of operating methods to provide bases for estimating time spent on specific activities
and personnel costs. Articles on immigration and nationality were prepared for a number
of yearbooks and encyclopedias, as well as the I & N Reporter. Text and tables for the
1953 Annual Report were completed and the report published. Public and Congressional
interest has resulted in many requests for additional detailed analyses and other sta-
tistics. Special emphasis on internal security has resulted in the initiation of two new
reports on subversives and criminal, immoral, and narcotic classes. Monthly and other
periodic analyses of operations and passenger travel reports have been continued. Con-
stant changes in operating procedures have resulted in many changes in field reports and
the initiation of several new reports.
RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
Central Index. -Section 290 of the Immigration and Nationality Act requires that
there be established "for the use of security and enforcement agencies of the Govern-
ment of the United States, a central index" containing the names of all aliens admitted
to the United States. The establishment of the central index was completed during the
fiscal year 1954, by the incorporation therein of approximately 1,400,000 records relating
to aliens admitted to the United States as nonimmigrants. The index now contains records
of all aliens admitted to the United States for permanent residence, in addition to ap-
proximately 6,625,000 arrival and departure records relating to aliens who have been
admitted to the United States temporarily as nonimmigrants. Included are records relat-
ing to approximately 625,000 alien crewmen who have arrived subsequent to December
24, 1952.
Files decentralization ." Approximately 600,000 files relating to resident aliens
were decentralized during the fiscal year to the districts in which the aliens reside. As
of June 30, 1954, a total of approximately 3,200,000 alien files had been decentralized.
Approximately 375,000 files had been closed and returned to the Central Office, which
leaves approximately 2,825,000 active alien files in the districts.
A program for the review of approximately 3,000,000 alien files in the Central
Office was inaugurated and carried forward during the fiscal year. On the basis of re-
view, the files examined were decentralized to the districts in which the aliens reside;
closed by reason of naturalization, death, or departure of the subject; or were deter-
mined to be inactive and were transferred to the Federal Records Center.
Seaport arrival records are currently being microfilmed; the original manifest,
after microfilming, is destroyed, resulting in a saving of approximately ninety-five per-
cent in space. In the Central Office, 2,983,000 records of various types were micro-
filmed, after which the original documents were destroyed.
During the year, 1,880 cubic feet of record material and 2,503 cubic feet of non-
record material were disposed of under the Records Retirement Program, in accordance
with authorities. Approximately 3,530 cubic feet of closed files were reviewed, boxed,
and transferred to the Records Center under these programs. In addition, approximately
2,065 cubic feet of records involving derivitive applications and visa petitions were
transferred to the Federal Records Center.
-61-
SERVICES AND SUPPLIES
Effective July 1, 1953, a broad purchase authority was delegated to the Service
by the Department. This has resulted in a more effective p^rocurement program both in
the Central Office and throughout the Field Service.
Major equipment purchases during this period include approximately 200 pieces
of automotive ecjuipment. In addition, three airplanes were purchased - a Piper Super-
cub, a Cessna 170, and a Cessna 170B. A loan was also negotiated with the Department
of Defense for 11 five-ton Tractor Trailers which were used in connection with the expul-
sion of aliens on the Mexican Border. In June 1954 a 28- foot patrol boat was purchased
for use on the St. Lawrence River in the Ogdensburg, New York, area.
During this period the new Look-out system was placed in operation and the Tab-
ulating Section was responsible for the preparation and processing of these lists. The
Tabulating Section also prepared documents for the Central Office Index, Field Index,
Aliens Identification Cards, and Flexoline Strips in connection with the program of Files
Decentralization.
New and improved methods for processing the Alien Address Reports, passenger
travel, and other statistical reports were inaugurated, with a resultant saving in man-
power and money.
Forms controL-During the past year, under the continuing forms review policy of
the Service, 97 new forms were established, 186 revisions of existing forms were made,
and 108 forms were declared obsolete. '
62
Publications
A major accomplishment in the field of publications during the fiscal year 1954
has been the completion and publication of the 1953 Edition of the law book, "Laws
Applicable to Immigration and Nationality. * The volume covers all law enacted through
June 26, 1952, on both subjects including the Immigration and Nationality Act. The
legislative history of each act is carried in headnotes and prior language, in cases of
amendment or repeal, is shown in footnotes. In addition, there is included an exhaus-
tive index of more than 200 pages. The book was published in loose-leaf form for the use
of members of the Service and of the Department of Justice and in bound volume form for
the use of Members of Congress and judges of naturalization courts, and for sale by the
Superintendent of Documents. The first set of inserts for the loose-leaf volume and Sup-
plement I to the bound volume, covering changes from July 1, 1952, through December
31, 1953, were also issued during the year.
Among other publications issued in furtherance of the work of the Service were
two revisions of the memento pamphlet ' Welcome to USA Citizenship ,' a copy of which
is given to each new citizen at the time of his naturalization by the presiding judge or
by an officer of this Service. Over 150,000 copies of this pamphlet have been distributed
during the year.
A Staff Bulletin, issued on Wednesday of each week, is written and published for
the information and guidance of the employees of the Service.
The I & N Reporter, publication of which as a monthly bulletin was authorized by
the Act of June 29, 1906, 9th Proviso of Sec. 4, as amended by the Act of May 9, 1918;
the Act of October 14, 1940 (Nationality Act of 1940), Sec. 327 (c); and the Immigration
and Nationality Act, Sec. 332 (b), has been issued quarterly during the fiscal year under
a restriction imposed by the Bureau of the Budget in 1952. This publication, in addition
to distribution to employees of the Service, is sent to a mailing list consisting of judges
of naturalization courts. Members of Congress, Executive Departments, depository and
other libraries, U. S. Attorneys, transportation companies and other firms and organiza-
tions, governmental agencies of other nations, and attorneys and other individuals in-
terested in immigration and nationality.
Passenger travel reports .— At the request of the Bureau of the Budget the Service
compiles and publishes reports from transportation manifests on aliens and citizens who
travel between United States ports and all foreign countries, with the exception of foreign
contiguous territory. The monthly reports, analyses, and tables are distributed to many
Government agencies and to a subscription list of transportation companies, travel agen-
cies, and others interested in the economics of international travel.
A Monthly Analysis of Operations is published monthly with an Operations Re-
port. The analysis, consisting largely of charts, points up the current trends in opera-
tions, and is intended to be a summary of operations for the guidance of Service officers.
Administrative Manual. — Releases relating to various administrative procedures
in the fields of Finance, Budget, Services and Supplies, Statistics, and Records Adminis-
tration are published in the Administrative Manual . During the past year, 125 new and
revised pages were issued, and 318 pages of superseded or obsolete material were removed.
63-
Appendix I
APPENDIX I
Judicial opinions affecting the Service in courts other than the Supreme Court
announced during the fiscal year. (Only opinions printed in the published reports are
listed. The numerous unreported decisions are not listed here.)
UNITED STATES COURTS OF APPEALS
Hvndman v. Holton, 205 F. 2d 228 (C.A. 7)
Nukk V. District Director , 205 F- 2d 242 (C.A. 2)
United States v. Karahalias , 205 F. 2d 331 (C.A. 2)
Alvarez y. Floras v. Savoretti. 205 F. 2d 544 (C.A. 5)
Mangaoang v. Boyd , 205 F. 2d 553 (G.A. 9)
Takehara v. Dulles, 205 F. 2d 560 (C.A. 9)
Zank V. Landon , 205 F. 24 615 (C.A. 9)
Diaz V. Shaughnessy , 206 F. 2d 142 (C.A. 2)
Carlisle V. Landon , 206 F. 2d 191 (C.A. 9)
Bojarchuk v. Shaughnessy, 206 F. 2d 238 (C.A. 2)
Dolenz v. Shaughnessy, 206 F. 2d 392 (C.A. 2)
Rubinstein v. Brownell, 206 F. 2d 449 (C.A. D.C.)
Perri v. Dulles , 206 F. 2d 586 (C.A. 3)
Lehmann v. Acheson , 206 F. 2d 592 (C.A. 3)
Watts V. Shaughnessy, 206 F. 2d 616 (C.A. 2)
Accardi v. Shaughnessy , 206 F. 2d 897 (C.A. 2)
Mendelson V. Dulles. 207 F. 2d 37 (C.A. D.C.)
Mustafa v. Pederson , 207 F. 2d 112 (C.A. 7)
Tom We Shung v. Brownell, 207 F. 2d 132 (C.A. D.C.)
Han Lee Mao v. Brownell , 207 F. 2d 142 (C.A. D.C.)
Wong You Henn v. Brownell , 207 F. 2d 226 (C.A. D.C.)
Rongetti v Neellv. 207 F. 2d 281 (C.A. 7)
Gonzalez v. Barber. 207 F. 2d 398 (C.A. 9)
United States v. Correia , 207 F. 2d 595 (C.A. 3)
Garcia v. Landon , 207 F. 2d 693 (C.A. 9)
Vaz V. Shaughnessy, 208 F. 2d 20 (C.A. 2)
Herrera v. United States , 208 F. 2d 215 (C.A. 9)
Giglio v. Neelly. 208 F. 2d 337 (C.A. 7)
Berrebi v. Grossman, 208 F. 2d 498 (C.A. 5)
United States v. Vasilatos , 209 F. 2d 195 (C.A. 3)
United States v. Cunba . 209 F. 2d 326 (C.A. 1)
Mar Gong v. Brownell , 209 F. 2d 448 (C.A. 9)
Spector V. Landon , 209 F. 2d 481 (C.A. 9)
Shomberg v. United States, 210 F. 2d 82 (C.A. 2)
Quattrone v. Nicolls , 210 F. 2d 513 (C.A. 1)
Daniman v. Shaughnessy, 210 F. 2d 564 (C.A. 2)
Frangoulis v. Shaughnessy, 210 F. 2d 572 (C.A. 2)
Ng Yip Yee v. Barbe r, 210 F. 2d 613 (C.A. 9)
Monaco v. Dulles , 210 F. 2d 760 (C.A. 2)
Martinez-Quiroz v. United States , 210 F. 2d 763 (C.A. 9)
United States v. Menasche , 210 F. 2d 809 (C.A, 1)
Sweet y. United States, 211 F. 2d 118 (C.A. 6)
-64-
Pino V. Nicolls . 211 F. 2d 393 (C.A. 1)
Vanish v. Barber . 211 F. 2d 467 (C.A. 9)
Elias V. Dulles, 211 F. 2d 520 (C.A, 1)
Bnikiewicz v. Savoretti , 211 F. 2d 541 (C.A. 5)
Impastato v. O'Rourke, 211 F. 2d 609 (C.A. 8)
United States v. Docherty. 212 F. 2d 40 (C.A. 5)
Dulles V. Lee Gnan Lung , 212 F. 2d 73 (C.A. 9)
Belfrage v. Shaughnessy, 212 F. 2d 128 (C.A. 2)
Acheson v. Furusho, 212 F. 2d 284 (C.A. 9)
Brownell v. Gutnayer , 212 F. 2d 462 (C.A. D.C.)
Rodriguez v. Landon, 212 F. 2d 508 (C.A. 9)
United States v. Lombardo , 212 F. 2d 791 (C.A. 6)
Marcello v. Ahrens, 212 F. 2d 830 (C.A. 5)
United States v. Pringle, 212 F. 2d 878 (C.A, 4)
Samaniego v. Brownell , 212 F. 2d 891 (C.A, 5)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTS
Avina v. Brownell, 112 F, Supp. 15 (S.D, Tex,)
United States v, Vasilatos , 112 F, Supp, 111 (E.D. Pa,)
Yaris v, Shaughnessy , 112 F, Supp. 143 (S.D. N.Y.)
Avila-Contreras v, McGranery. 112 F, Supp, 264 (S.D. Cal.)
Abbenante v. Butterfield, 112 F. Supp. 324 (E.D. Mich.)
Blankenstein v. Shaughnessy, 112 F. Supp. 607 (S.D. N.Y.)
Ng Gwong Dung v. Brownell , 112 F. Supp. 673 (S.D. N.Y.)
Petition of Berini, 112 F, Supp, 837 (E,D, N.Y.)
Bustos-Ovalle v, Landon , 112 F, Supp. 874 (S.D. Cal.)
Marcello v. Ahrens, 113 F. Supp. 22 (E.D. La.)
Kwong Hai Chew v. Shaughnessy, 113 F. Supp. 49 (S.D. N.Y.)
Belfrage v. Shaughnessy, 113 F. Supp. 56 (S.D. N.Y.)
Application of Bernasconi, 113 F, Supp, 71 (N.D, Cal.)
Petition of Benitez , 113 F, Supp. 105 (S.D. N.Y.)
In re Torchia , 113 F. Supp. 192 (M.D. Pa.)
De Montez v. Landon , 113 F. Supp. 239 (S.D. Cal.)
Daniman v. Esperdy, 113 F. Supp. 283 (S.D. N.Y.)
United States v. Manufacturers Cas. Ins. Co ., 113 F. Supp. 402 (S.D. N.Y.)
Peduzzi V. Brownell , 113 F. Supp. 419 (D.C.)
In re Katsumi Yoshida , 113 F. Supp. 631 (Hawaii)
Vasquez v. Brownell, 113 F. Supp, 722 (W,D. Tex,)
Scardino v, Acheson , 113 F, Supp, 754 (N.J.)
United States v, Accardo, 113 F. Supp. 783 (N.J.)
Leung Sing v. Nicolls , 113 F. Supp. 790 (Mass.)
lavarone v. Dulles, 113 F. Supp. 932 (D.C.)
D'Argento v. Dulles, 113 F. Supp. 933 (D.C.)
Valdez V. McGranery , 114 F. Supp. 173 (S.D. Cal.)
Lombardo v. Bramblett , 114 F. Supp. 183 (N.D. Ohio)
I n re Alfonso, 114 F. Supp. 280 (N.J.)
Kis V. Shaughnessy, 114 F. Supp. 371 (S.D. N.Y.)
F lorentine v. Landon . 114 F. Supp. 452 (S.D. Cal.)
Barrios-Macias v. Minton, 114 F. Supp. 470 (W.D. Tex.)
Pincus V. Savoretti, 114 F. Supp. 574 (S.D. Fla.)
Gonzalez-Gomez v. Brownell , 114 F. Supp. 660 (S.D. Cal.)
Petition of Petcheff , 114 F. Supp. 764 (S.D. N.Y.)
Di Felice v. Shaughnessy, 114 F. Supp, 791 (S,D, N.Y.)
65
W ong Fon Haw v. Dulles, 114 F. Supp. 906 (S.D. N.Y.)
Matranga v. Mackey, 115 F. Supp. 45 (S.D. N.Y.)
Taylor v. Fine , 115 F. Supp. 68 (S.D. Cal.)
Caolo V. Dulles, 115 F, Supp. 125 (Puerto Rico)
In re Vouraxakis , 115 F. Supp. 164 (M.D. Pa.)
United States v. Matles-Friedman , 115 F. Supp. (E.D. N.Y.)
Lee Kum Hoy v. Shaughnessy , 115 F. Supp. 302 (S.D. N.Y.)
Application of ShombetR, 115 F, Supp. 336 (S.D. N.Y.)
Coelho V. Perlman, 115 F. Supp. 419 (E.D. N.Y.)
Petition of Menasche , 115 F. Supp. 434 (Puerto Rico)
Haymes v. Landon , 115 F. Supp. 506 (S.D. Cal.)
Petition of Plywac ki, 115 F. Supp. 613 (Hawaii)
Circella v. Neelly , 115 F. Supp. 615 (N.D. 111.)
Bauer v. Shaughnessy, 115 F. Supp. 780 (S.D. N.Y.)
United States v. Jerome , 115 F. Supp. 818 (S.D. N.Y.)
Ragni v. Butterfield , 115 F. Supp. 958 (E.D. Mich.)
Wong Yoke Sing v. Dulles , 116 F. Supp. 9 (E.D. N.Y.)
Soo Hop Yin Deep v. Dulles, 116 F. Supp. 25 (Mass.)
Rowoldt V. Shrode , 116 F. Supp. 143 (Minn.)
Barile v. Murff, 116 F. Supp. 163 (Md.)
Rueff V. Brownell, 116 F. Supp. 298 (N.J.)
Takano v. Dulles , 116 F. Supp. 307 (Hawaii)
Roggenbihl v. Lusby , 116 F, Supp. 315 (Mass.)
Application of Barnes (2 cases) , 116 F. Supp. 464 (N.D. N.Y.)
Insogna v. Dulles, 116 F. Supp. 473 (D.C.)
Katsumi Yoshida v. Dulles , 116 F. Supp. 618 (Hawaii)
Riccio V. Dulles , 116 F. Supp. 680 (D.C.)
Dong Wing Ott v. Shaughnessy, 116 F. Supp. 745 (S.D. N.Y.)
Ow Yeong Yung v. Dulles, 116 F. Supp. 766 (N.D. Cal,)
Petition of Leuthold , 116 F. Supp. 777 (N.J.)
Chin Ming Mow v. Dulles , 117 F. Supp. 108 (S.D. N.Y.)
De Luca v. O'Rourke, 117 F. Supp. 143 (W.D. Mo.)
Cumberbatch v. Shaughnessy, 117 F. Supp. 152 (S.D. N.Y.)
Petition of Field, 117 F. Supp. 154 (S.D. N.Y.)
Sklar V. Shaughnessy, 117 F. Supp. 160 (S.D. N.Y.)
In re Oddo, 117 F. Supp. 323 (S.D. N.Y.)
Daniman v. Shaughnessy, 117 F. Supp. 388 (S.D. N.Y.)
Fong Nai Sun v. Dulles , 117 F. Supp. 391 (S.D. Cal.)
Cefalu V. Shaughnessy, 117 F. Supp. 473 (S.D. N.Y.)
Quong Ngeung v. Dulles , 117 F. Supp. 498 (S.D. N.Y.)
In re Jocson, 117 F. Supp. 528 (Hawaii)
Kusman v. District Director , 117 F. Supp. 541 (S.D. N.Y.)
Blankenstein v. Shaughnessy, 117 F. Supp. 699 (S.D. N.Y.)
Gensheimer v. Dulles, 117 F. Supp. 836 (J^. J.)
McLeod V. Garfinkel, 117 F. Supp. 862 (W.D, Pa.)
Mahamud Abed v. Ahrens , 117 F. Supp. 914 (E.D. La.)
In re Minker . 118 F. Supp. 264 (E.D. Pa.)
Chin Ming Mow v. Shaughnessy , 118 F. Supp. 490 (S.D. N.Y.)
Petition of Witt , 118 F. Supp. 855 (E.D. N.Y.)
Petition of Caputo . 118 F. Supp. 870 (E.D. N.Y.)
Ex parte Andal. 118 F. Supp. 949 (S.D. N.Y.)
Petition of Tsu ji, 119 F. Supp. 68 (N.D. Cal.)
Pino V. Nicolls , 119 F. Supp. 122 (Mass.)
United S tates v. Pistilli , 119 F. Supp. 237 (E.D. N.Y.)
-66-
Wong Bick Ling v. Dulles , 119 F. Supp. 513 (D.C.)
United States v. Narvaez-Granillo, 119 F. Supp. 556 (S.D. Cal.)
Ex parte Robles-Rubio , 119 F. Supp. 610 (N.D. Cal.)
In re Ballester , 119 F. Supp. 629 (Puerto Rico)
Lou Goon Hop v. Dulles , 119 F. Supp. 808 (D.C.)
Matheos v. Garfinkel, 119 F. Supp. 810 (W.D. Pa.)
United States v. Valenti , 120 F. Supp. 76(E.D. N.Y.)
Linzalone v. Dulles , 120 F. Supp. 107 (S.D. N.Y.)
Gay V. Brownell , 120 F. Supp 319 (Puerto Rico)
United States v. Anastasio , 120 F. Supp. 435 (N.J.)
United States v. Orrino , 120 F. Supp. 569 (E.D. N.Y.)
United States v. Alvarado-Soto, 120 F. Supp. 848 (S.D. Cal.)
American President Lines v. Mackey , 120 F. Supp. 897 (D.C.)
United States v. Cufari, 120 F. Supp. 941 (Mass.)
Terada v. Dulles, 121 F. Supp. 6 (Hawaii)
United States v. Corrado , 121 F. Supp. 75 (E.D. Mich.)
TABLE 1. naaaiATION to the united STATES:
1820 - 195U
^^om 1820 to 1867 figures represent alien passengers atrrived; I868 to I89I
inclusive and 1895 to 1897 inclusive immigrant aliens arrived; 1892 to I89J4
inclusive and from I898 to the present time immigrant aliens admitted^/
NuB±>er
Number
Number
Nuinber
Year
of
Year
of
Year
of
Year
of
persons
persons
persons
persons
1820-195U 1/
1;0,175.330
1851-1860
2.598,211;
1881;..
518,592
1921-1930
ii,107,209
•■■
1851. .
379,U66
1885..
395,3li6
1921. .
805,228
1820
8,385
1852..
371,603
1886..
331;, 203
1922..
309,556
1853..
368,61;5
1887..
1;90,109
1923..
522,919
1821-1830
ll;3,U39
185U..
1;27,833
1888..
5U6,889
1921;..
706,896
1821. .
9,127
1855..
200,877
1889..
1M,U27
1925..
29h,3lh
1822..
6,911
1856..
200,1;36
1890,.
1;55,302
1926..
30l;,l;88
1823..
6,35li
1857..
251,306
1927. .
335,175
1821;. .
7,912
1858..
123,126
1891-1900
3,687,561;
1928..
307,255
1825..
10,199
1859..
121,282
1891..
560,319
1929..
279,678
1826..
10,837
i860..
153,61;0
1892..
579,663
1930..
2l;l,700
1827..
18,875
1893..
U39,730
1828..
27,382
1861-1870
2.3lil.82l;
I89I;..
285,631
1931-19l;0
528,1;31
1829..
22,520
1861. .
91,918
1895..
258,536
1931..
97,139
1830..
23,322
1862..
91,985
I896..
3l;3,267
1932..
35,576
1863..
176,282
1897..
230,832
1933..
23,068
I831-I8U0
599,125
186U..
193,1;18
1898..
2^9,299
1931;..
29,li70
1831..
22,633
1865. .
2l;8,120
1899..
311,715
1935..
3h,956
1832..
60,U82
1866. .
318,568
1900..
1U;8,572
1936..
36,329
1833..
58,6U0
1867..
315,722
1937..
S0,2kh
I83ii..
65,365
1868..
138,81;0
1901-1910
8,795,386
1938..
67,895
1835..
U5,37U
I869..
352,768
1901. .
187,918
1939..
82,998
1836..
76,2i42
1870..
387,203
1902..
61;8,7l;3
19U0..
70,756
1837..
79,3i;0
1903..
857,0l;6
1838..
38,9m
18 71-18 80
2,812,191
190I;..
812,870
19l;l-1950
1,035,039
1839..
68,069
1871..
321,350
1905..
1,026,1;99
19U1. .
51,776
I8U0..
81;,066
1872..
l;0l;,806
1906..
1,100,735
19i;2..
28,781
1873..
1;59,803
1907..
l,285,3l;9
19U3..
23,725
I81a-1850
1,713,251
1871;..
313,339
1908..
782,870
19IU;..
28,551
1811. .
8o;289
1875..
227,1498
1909..
751,786
19l;5..
38,119
181;2..
10U,565
1876. .
169,986
1910..
l,Ol;l,570
19l;6. .
108,721
I8li3..
52,li96
1877..
ll;l,857
19li7. .
ll;7,292
I8U1..
78,615
1878..
138,169
1911-1920
5,735,811
19l;8..
170,570
18U5..
llii,37l
1879..
177,826
1911. .
878,587
19U9..
188,317
18U6..
15U,U16
1880..
U57,257
1912..
838,172
1950..
21;9,187
18U7..
23U,968
1913..
1,197,892
18U8..
226,527
1881-1890
5,21;6,613
I91I;..
1,218,1;80
1951. .
205,717
I8ii9..
297,021;
1881..
669,1;31
1915..
326,700
1952..
265,520
1850..
369,980
1882..
788,992
1916..
298,826
1953..
170,l;3i;
1883..
603,322
1917..
1918..
1919..
1920. .
295,1;03
110,618
liil,132
1;30,001
195ii..
208,177
1/ Data are for
~ inclusive
sive years
Sept. 30;
fiscal years ended June 30, except 1820 to I83I inclusive and l814i to 181;9
fiscal years ended Sept. 30; 1833 to 181;2 inclusive and 1851 to I867 inclu-
ended Dec. 31; 1832 covers 15 months ended Dec. 31; 181;3 nine months ended
1850 fifteen months ended Dec. 31j amd I868 six months ended June 30.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
I
TABEE 2. ALIENS AND CITIZENS ADMITTED AND DEPARTED,
BY MONTHS:
"XEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1953 AND 19$h
IP&tti «xclude travelers between continental United States and its
possessions, border crossers, and agricultural laborers/
Period
ALIENS ADMITTED
Immi-
grant
Nonim-
migrant
Total
ALIENS DEPARTED
Emi-
grant
Nonemi-
grant
Total
EXCESS
V
U. S. CITIZENS
Ar-
rived
De-
parted
Fiscal year 19^k • •
July-Dec, 1953 ...
July
August
September
October
November ........
December
Jan. -June, 19514. ...
January
February
March
April
May
June
Fiscal Tear 1953 ••
July-Dec, 1952 ...
July
August
September
October
November
December ........
Jan. -June, 1953 ...
January
February
March
April
May
June
203.177
566.613
77U.790
30.665
^68.U96
599.161
175.629
1.021.327
971.025
103 » 209
16,958
15,310
15,215
18,013
18,985
18,728
10U«968
306.326
15,800
1U,812
I8,ll;6
17,6U3
19,81;0
18,727
tii;ti95"
55,098
66,088
U8,753
38,722
U3,170
260.287
h09,^)5
39,338
31,U2i;
ill, 663
k9,h96
U8,778
ii9,588
71,1153
70,ii08
81,303
66,766
Si, 101
61,898
15.1^03
55,138
146,236
59,809
67,139
68,618
68,315
h^29Z
2,398
2,630
2,17U
1,755
2,150
15,262
302. Ul8
1U,699
12,858
13,1;02
16,178
16,225
15,957
81.115
12,699
10,656
13,1^28
13,992
Ii;,25l
16,089
UU,269
U8,U6o
51;, 218
39,101
31,017
30,999
237.650
2XU^
33,286
28,750
liO,65l
U3,5ii2
1;5,968
U5,l453
56,968
61,318
67,620
55,279
U7,2li2
li6,956
318.765
2,730
l,8ii5
2,51;5
2,551
2,339
3,252
12.778
6l,32U
5I1, 65U
52,9l;l
it8,172
Ul,50li
1;3,823
266.078
317.821
U27669
32,1;12
U0,637
l|8,77l;
1;7,779
53,807
65,620
57,052
55,571
50,3ii6
li3,259
1^5,973
281.3UO
91.71i;
US7599
3U,257
U3,182
51,325
50,118
57,059
;itU.502
T7833
13,356
25,732
16,U20
ll;,U;8
15,925
83.915
567.265
9,739
11,979
16,627
l5,8:Ui
18,500
11,256
111.61i6
102,987
125,^3
118,077
86,ii62
68,61;9
65,li87
li5U.062
Ul;7.196
60,978
63,897
78,521
75,022
80,698
9U,9l;6
930, 87U
120, U7
92,341
70,225
57,361
50,816
56,336
523.829
65,U10
69,216
77,855
87,816
92,223
131,309
925.861
U5,985
39,1;06
5U,079
57,53U
60,219
6l,5U2
X369
2,706
2,110
1,579
1,383
1,631
11.1;78
288,881
T7H77
1,U76
2,236
2,31U
1,9U5
2,030
"5^1538
58,323
5l,6U5
1;U,963
38,316
Uo,096
231,365
301.659
32,028
25,8U7
36,706
U5,98l
ii5,Ui9
1;5,351;
58,907
61,029
S3,1SS
U6,51i2
39,699
1;1,727
2li2.8U3
35.721;
33,505
27,323
38,9U2
U8,295
47,391;
U7,38U
"51
289
13,865
8,737
7,51i3
5,229
75.922
506.818
12,U80
12,083
15,137
9,239
12,825
nil, 158
89,436
117,447
107,989
73,999
61,121
56,826
424.056
429,944
60,587
63,603
75,624
69,798
70,313
84, 131
Ul,320
94,885
64,01ii
55,934
50,954
52,837
495.917
63,149
71,742
76,540
86,349
85,807
112,330
1/ Excess of admissions over departures.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE 3. ALIENS ADMITTED, BY CLASSES UNDER raE IMMIOIATION LAWS:
TEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1950 TO 1954
^ata exclude travelers between ccxitlnental United States and its
possess ions J border crossers, crewmen, and agricultural laborers/
Class
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
ALIMS ADMITTED.
IMMIGRANTS 1/
Quota Immigrants.
Nonquota Immigrants
Wives of U. S. citizens
Husbands of U. S. citizens
Children of U. S. citizens
Natives of Western Hemisphere countries.
Their spouses
Their children
Persons who had been U. S. citizens 2/..
Ministers of religious denominations . . . .
Their spouses
Their children
Eisployaes of U. S. Government abroad,
their spouses and children 3/
Professors of colleges, universities 4/.
Their wives
Their children
Refugees 5/ ••
Other nonquota immigrants
NONIMMIGRANTS l/.
Foreign government officials
Temporary visitors for bvisiness
Temporary visitors for pleasure
Transit aliens
Treaty traders and investors
Students
Representatives to international organizations.
Temporary workers and industrial trainees 3/...
Representatives of foreign information media 3/
Exchange aliens 3/ •
Returning resident aliens 1/
Other nonimmigrants
676.024
670.823
781.602
656.148
774.790
249.187
205.717
265.520
170.434
208.177
197,460
51.727
12,291
1,459
2,525
32,790
278
170
86
454
U7
232
291
laif
188
692
426.837
156,547
49.170
194,247
8,685
822
1,955
34,704
337
233
39
376
129
228
214
113
130
1,205
465.106
71.273
16,058
793
2,464
47,744
455
209
32
338
96
146
158
68
71
2,641
516.082
84,175
86.25
94,098
114.079
15,91
3,359
3,268
58,985
1,127
987
104
2U
69
74
2
169
71
81
1,803
485. 7U
17,145
7,725
5,819
78,897
1,119
510
427
263
57
65
821
1,227
566.613
13,975
67,984
219,810
68,640
766
9,744
5,010
40,903
5
20,881
83,995
230,210
72,027
850
7,355
5,526
44,212
50
22,267
86,745
269,606
77,899
791
8,613
5,137
44,980
44
24,502
63,496
243,219
67,684
878
13,533
6,112
3,021
174
12,584
50,397
114
23,095
61,029
292,725
78,526
1,023
25,425
5,601
7,4796/
504
15,260
55,887
59
1/ An immigrant is defined in statistics of the Service as an alien admitted for permanent
residence, or as an addition to the population, A nonljnmigrant is defined as an alien
admitted for temporary residence. Returning resident aliens who have once been counted
as Inmigrants are included with nonimmigrants, although the immigration laws define such
aliens as immigrants.
2/ Under the Immigration Act of 1924, this class covered only women who had been U. S. citizens.
3/ New classes under the provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act.
4/ Professors admitted as nonquota immigrants under the Immigration Act of 1924. Professors
are not included in the nraiquota classes as defined in the Immigration and Nationality Act.
5/ Refugees admitted under the Refugee Relief Act of 1953.
6/ Does not include 7,946 agricultural laborers admitted under Section 101(a) (15) (h).
Immigration and Nationality Act.
United States Department of Justice
Iffimigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE 4. IMMIGRATION BY COUNTRI, FOR DECADES:
1820 TO 1954 1/
/Prom 1820 to 1867 figures represent alien passengers arrived; 1868 to 1891 inclusire and
1895 to 1897 inclusive immigrant aliens arrived; 1892 to 1894 inclusive and from 1898 to
present time immigrant aliens admitted. Data for years prior to 1906 relate to country
whence alien came; thereafter to country of last permanent residence. Because of changes
in boundaries and changes in lists of countries, data for certain countries are not com-
parable throughout^
Countries
1820
1821-1830
1831-1840
1841-1850
1851-1860
1861-1870
All countries
Europe •
Austria-Hungary 2/
Belgium
Denmark.
Prance
Germany 2/..
(England...
Great (Scotland
Britain(Wales
(Not spec, 2/»»»»
Greece •..••. ..,
Ireland •
Italy
Netherlands* (.o..*
Norway) , /
Sweden) ^
Poland ^
Poi^ugal
Spain
Switzerland ••.••
Turkey in Europe.. .......
U.S.S,R. 6/
Other Europe ••
Asia
China
India ,
Japan 2/
Turkey in Asia 8/
Other Asia
America
Canada & Newfoundland 9/o
Mexico 10/
West Indies
Central America...... •.«•
South America •.
Africa
Australia & New Zealand..,.
Not specified o
e.?8?
7.691
1
20
371
968
1,782
268
360
3,6U
30
49
5
35
139
31
1
14
1
1
J82_
209
1
164
2
11
1
301
U3.439
599.125
1.713-251
2.59e.2U
2.?i4.e24
98.817
^95.688
l.^?7.?Ql
2.452.660
2.065.270
27
169
8,497
6,761
14,055
2,912
170
7,942
20
50,724
409
1,078
91
16
145
2,477
3,226
20
75
3
22
1,063
45,575
152,454
7,611
2,667
185
65,347
49
207,381
2,253
1,412
1,201
369
829
2,125
4,821
7
277
40
5,674
539
77,262
434,626
32,092
3,712
1,261
229,979
16
780,719
1,870
8,251
13,903
105
550
2,209
4,644
59
551
79
4,738
3,749
76,358
951,667
247,125
38,331
6,319
132,199
31
914,119
9,231
10,789
20,931
1,164
1,055
9,298
25,011
83
457
5
10
2
8
Jd
82
8
39
11.564
2,277
4,817
3,834
105
531
33.424
13,624
6,599
12,301
44
856
35
36
11
62.469
JtlA51
41,397
43
15
a,723
3,271
13,528
368
3,579
74.720
59,309
3,078
10,660
449
1,224
16
33,032
54
69,911
55
53,144
210
29,169
7,800
6,734
17,094
35,986
787,468
222,277
38,769
4,313
341,537
72
435,778
11,725
9,102
(71,631
(37,667
2,027
2,658
6,697
23,286
129
2,512
8
64.630
64,301
69
186
2
72
166.607
153,87^
2,191
9,046
95
1,397
312
36
17,969
See footnotes at end of table.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE 4. IMMIGRATION BY COUNTTCf, FOR DECADES:
1820 TO 1954 1/ (Continued)
Countries
1871-1880
1881-1890
1891-1900
1901-1910
1911-1920
1921-1930
All countries
Europe
Austria) „/
»H;ingary) -^
Belgiim
Bulgaria 11/
Czechoslovakia 12/ ,
Denmark ....«•.•••
Finland 12/
France
German7 2/ ,
Ti^land ,
Great (Scotland ••
BritaiJi(Wales
(Not spec, 2/
Greece •••...•..••.«•
Ireland • •
Italy
Netherlands
HOTV&J ^......oe*. ••••.••
Sweden ^...•.•.. ••
Poland ^
Portugal •
Rumania 1^/ •.«••*••••
Spain
Switzerland
Turkey in Europe. .........
U.S.S.R. 6/
Yugoslavia 11/
Other Europe ..............
Asia e
China •
India »..«•.•
Japan 2/>«*««
Turkey in Asia 8/
Other Asia •
America
Canada & Newfoundland 2/«»
Mexico 10/
West Indies....*
Central America
South America •••..e
Other America 16/ ••
Africa
Australia & New Zealand
Pacific Islands
Not specified 1^
See footnotes at end of table*
2.812.191
5.246.613
3.687.564
8 .79^, 386
5.735.811
4.107.209
2.272.262
^.7?7,046
3.558.978
8.136.016
72,969
7,221
31,771
72,206
718,182
437,706
87,564
6,631
16,142
210
436,871
55,759
16,541
95,323
115,922
12,970
14,082
11
5,266
28,293
337
39,284
1,001
353,719
20,177
88,132
50,464
1,452,970
644,680
149,869
12,640
168
2,308
655,482
307,309
53,701
176,586
391,776
51,806
16,978
6,348
4,419
81,988
1,562
213,282
682
123.823
123,201
163
149
67
243
404.044
383,640
5,162
13,957
157
1,128
358
9,886
1,028
790
592,707
18,167
160
50,231
30,770
505,152
216,726
44,188
10,557
67
15,979
388,416
651,893
26,758
95,015
226,266
96,720
27,508
12,750
8,731
31,179
3,626
505,290
122
2,145,266
41,635
39,280
65,285
73,379
341,498
388,017
120,469
17,464
167,519
339,065
2,045,877
48,262
190,505
249,534
69,149
53,008
27,935
34,922
79,976
1,597,306
665
4.376,564
(453,649
(442,693
33,746
22,533
3,426
41,983
756
61,897
143,945
249,944
78,357
13,107
184,201
146,181
1,109,524
43,718
66,395
95,074
4,813
89,732
13,311
68,611
23,091
54,677
921,201
1,888
8,111
2.477.853
32,868
30,680
15,846
2,945
102,194
32,430
16,691
49,610
412,202
157,420
159,781
13,012
51,084
220,591
455,315
26,948
68,531
97,249
227,734
29,994
67,646
28,958
29,676
14,659
61,742
49,064
22,983
68.380
61,711
269
2,270
2,220
1,910
71.236
U,799
68
25,942
26,799
3,628
2;?.567
20,605
4,713
129,797
77,393
11,059
192.559
21,278
2,082
83,837
79,389
5,973
97.400
29,907
1,886
33,462
19,165
12,980
426.967
393,304
1,913
29,042
404
2,304
?8,972
3,311
971
33,066
549
1,075
361.888
179,226
49,642
107,548
8,192
17,280
1.U3.671
742,185
219,004
123,424
17,159
41,899
1.516.716
924,515
459,287
74,899
15,769
42,215
31
857
7,017
5,557
789
350
2,740
1,225
14,063
7,368
11,975
1,049
33,523
8,443
12,348
1,079
1,147
6,286
8,299
427
228
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE 4. IMMIGRATION BY COUNTRY, FOR DECADES:
1820 TO 1954 1/ (Continued)
Countries
1931-1940
1941-1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
Total 135 yrs.
1820-1954
All countries
Europe .,
Albania 12/
Austria 2/. o . •
Hungary 2/
Belgium ,
Bulgaria 11/
Czechoslovakia 12/. . . ,
Denmark
Estonia 12/
Finland 12/
France
Germany 2/
^England......
Great (Scotland. . . • ,
Britain(Wales
(Not spec. 2/»
Greece
Ireland ,
Italy
ijetu Via s^!/ *****"*o**^**
Lithuania 12/...,
Luxembourg 17/
Netherlands ...»
t Norway j^
Poland ^.
Portugal o
Rumania 13/ •
Spain... CO....
Sweden 4/
Switzerland
Turkey in Europe »
^ U.S.S.R. 6/.
^^ Yugoslavia 11/
^feother Europe
Asia 1^
China
India.....
Japan 2/ • "
Turkey in Asia 8/. ...»
Other Asia
?28. i^ ?l
1.03? .03?
20? .717
265.520
170.434
208.177
40.175.330
348.289
2,040
3,563
7,861
4,817
938
14,393
2,559
506
2,146
12,623
114,058
21,756
6,887
735
9,119
13,167
68,028
1,192
2,201
565
7,150
4,740
17,026
3,329
3,871
3,258
3,960
5,512
737
1,356
5,835
2,361
15.344
4,928
496
1,948
328
7,644
621.704
85
24,860
3,469
12,189
375
8,347
5,393
212
2,503
38,809
226,578
112,252
16,131
3,209
8,973
26,967
57,661
361
683
820
14,860
10,100
7,571
7,423
1,076
2,898
10,665
10,547
580
548
1,576
3,983
M2x5^
7
9,761
62
1,802
1
88
1,076
532
4,573
87,755
12,393
2,309
196
4,459
3,144
8,958
5
8
51
3,062
2,289
98
1,078
104
442
2,022
1,485
118
10
454
1,203
193.626
1
23,088)
63)
2,946
9
51
1,152
7
500
4,878
104,236
18,539
3,390
248
948
6,996
3,526
11,342
10
20
90
3,060
2,354
235
953
34
481
1,778
1,502
94
11
327
757
82.352
1
2,132)
96)
2,162
1
77
993
38
473
4,137
27,329
12,921
3,416
302
1,426
1,296
4,304
8,432
59
14
77
2,973
2,234
136
1,077
23
814
2,171
1,796
62
25
580
775
92.121
33.763.983
2,136)
30)
2,263
27
1,010
5
448
4,263
33,098
12,977
3,442
253
215
1,154
4,655
13,145
6
5
59
3,595
2,142
67
1,455
7
542
2,172
1,673
97
11
680
489
31.780
16,709
1,761
1,555
218
11,537
3.921
335
109
271
3
3,203
9.328
2iS3"
123
3,814
12
5,116
8.231
528
104
2,579
13
5,007
9.970
254
144
3,846
33
5,693
2,134
4,209,472
179,567
66,242
128,603
344,649
768
24,049
651,658
6,500,947
2,810,273
762,462
90,602
796,330
453,486
4,634,704
4,818,761
1,633
2,931
1,662
281,309
823,974
422,862
268,030
158,189
175,300
1,236,256
312,683
156,824
3,343,952
60,404
43,267
981.769
400,262
12, lU
289,656
205,642
74,095
See footnotes at end of tableo
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE h. IMMIGRATION BY COUNTRY, FOR DECADES:
1820 TO 1954 1/ (Continued)
Countries
L931-1940
19a-1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
Total 135 yrs.
1820-1954
I
America ....«
Canada & Newfoundland 9/.
Mexico 10/
West Indies
Central America o
South America.......
Other America 16/
Africa
Australia & New Zealand....
Pacific Islands 15/
Not specified 1477.
160.037
22,319
15,502
5,861
7,803
25
354.804
171,71#
60,589
49,725
21,665
21,831
29,276
47.631
6,153
5,902
2,011
3,596
4,089
61.049
9,079
6,672
2,637
4,591
4,716
77.650
3M5T
17,183
8,628
3,016
5,511
7,029
95.587
30,645
8,411
3,300
6,575
11,783
5.038.187
901,904
526,309
81,783
163,406
56,949
1,750
2,231
780
7,367
13,805
5,437
142
845
490
3,265
20
931
545
33
8
989
742
40
430
1,248
845
65
8,341
37,440
70,959
19,985
263,007
2/
2/
6/
1/
10/
n/
12/
16/
12/
Data are for fiscal years ended June 30, except 1820 to 1831 inclusive and 1844 to 1849
inclusive fiscal years ended Sept. 30; 1833 to 1842 inclusive and 1851 to 1867 inclusive
years ended Dec, 31; 1832 covers 15 months ended Dec. 31; 1843 nine months ended Sept. 30;
1850 fifteen months ended Dec. 31 and 1868 six months ended June 30.
Data for Austria-Hungary were not reported \intil 1861, Austria and Hungary have been
recorded separately since 1905. In the years 1938 to 1945 inclusive Austria was included
with Germany,
United Kingdom not specified. In the years 1901 to 1951, included in other Europe.
From 1320 to 1868 the figures for Norway and Sweden were combined,
Poland was recorded as a separate country from 1820 to 1898 and since 1920, Between 1899
and 1919 Poland was included with Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia.
Since 1931 the Russian Etopire has been broken down into European U,S,S.R. and Siberia or
Asiatic U,S,S,R,
No record of immigration from Japan until 1861,
No record of immigration from Turkey in Asia until 1869.
Prior to 1920 Canada and Newfoundland were recorded as British North America, From 1820
to 1898 the figures include all British North American possessions.
No record of immigration from Mexico from 1886 to 1893.
Bulgaria, Serbia, and Montenegro were first reported in 1899. Bulgaria has been reported
separately since 1920 and in 1920 also a separate enumeration was made for the Kingdom
of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. Since 1922 the Serb, Croat, su:id Slovene Kingdom has
been recorded as Yugoslavia.
Countries added to the list since the beginning of World War I are theretofore included
with the countries to which they belonged. Figures are available since 1920 for
Czechoslovakia and Finland; and since 1924 for Albania, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
No record of immigration from Rumania until 1880.
The figure 33,523 in column headed 1901-1910, includes 32,897 persons returning in 1906
to their homes in the United States,
Beginning with the year 1952, Asia includes the Philippines. From 1934 to 1951 the
Philippines were included in the Pacific Islands. Prior to 1934 the Philippines were
recorded in separate tables as insular travel.
Included with coxintries not specified prior to 1925.
Figures for Luxembourg are available since 1925.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE 5. IMMIGRANT ALIMS ADMITTED AND EMIGRANT ALIENS DEPARTED,
BI PORT OR DISTRICT: lEARS ©TOED JUNE 30, 1950 TO 1954
Port or district
IMMIGRANT
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
EMIGRANT
1950
1951
1952
1953
All ports or districts.
Atlantic
New York, N. Y
Boston, Mass
Philadelphia, Pa
Baltimore, Md
Portland , Me
Newport News , Va
Norfolk, Va
Charleston, S. C....*
Savannah, Ga
Jacksonville, Fla....
Key West, Fla
Miami, Fla
West Palm Beach, Fla.
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Other Atlantic
Gulf of Mexico
Tampa, Fla
Pensacola , Fla
Mobile, Ala
New Orleans, La......
San Antonio, Tex
Other Gulf
Pacific
San Francisco, Calif.
Portland, Oi^
Seattle, Wash
Los Angeles, Calif...
Honolulu, T. H
Agana, Guam 1/
Other Pacific 2/
Alaska
Canadian Border
Mexican Border
24?.187
205 .n?
265.520
170.434
208.177
27.598
26.174
21.880
24.256
.630
154.581
166,849
24,222
370
260
23
22
183
16
20
9
110
5,451
6
1,245
34
810
12.19
2
224
11,320
193
8
142,903
3,787
134
148
34
19
42
47
15
7
106
5,199
34
1,563
42
501
10.035
197.172
2,174
10
77
280
617
9
25,564
8,633
351
2
101
9,177
366
38
5.274
183,222
2,968
337
620
25
103
178
33
6
21
134
6,209
42
1,838
98
1,338
1?.0Q5
102.?47
37341
15
382
294
742
54
28,039
7,734
335
2
166
12,301
268
13
9.068
87,483
2,248
322
451
33
45
109
76
14
45
213
7,537
43
2,651
94
983
2.328
117.232
3,178
26
3,497
868
1,499
79
35,451
10,665
405
4
171
1,459
268
21
7.???
98;Si3
2,730
556
737
71
92
188
108
48
51
336
10,433
90
1,536
233
1,210
3.125
19.725
18.001
2,36?
16
2,520
1,197
1,479
68
38,613
19,500
458
33
235
1,651
392
356
10.675
15,522
223
49
53
17
7
5
1
1
69
3,076
80
583
U
25
973
37363
24
2,870
1,133
2,597
80
608
282
39,008
37,855
146
2
23
622
176
4
2.4?2
14,295
218
22
39
2
14
10
10
5
4
50
2,666
33
571
38
24
998
1 4 . ??8
12,099
121
28
34
1
7
6
1
1
1
21
1,960
31
357
26
304
667
18.350
U,844
219
22
60
10
17
50
2,111
90
476
35
412
1,021
1
51
136
1,283
2,778
1,630
180
2
17
636
155
8
1.770
907
5
89
139
630
3,893
1,512
73
5
439
148
2
1.806
607
771
6
119
215
695
3,281
1,128
17
423
98
8
2.0Vt
778
22
218
359
667
4
2,168
1,083
1/ Not reported as a separate port before 1954.
2/ Prior to 1954, included in Seattle and Los Angeles.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
tABtE 6. IMMIGaANT AUEMS AEJOTTED, BY CLASSES
UNDER THE IMMUHiATION LAie
AMD ROnU
TRY OR HHGION 01
f BIRTH: YEAH EMIffiD JUNE 30. 1954
Country or
Number
6
?j
^1
■
region of
ad-
g
9
s
2
^:5
birth
mitted
5
5
•H
^s
• HO
^ J3 Q0)J3
Q. a OS aa
u
m 6b
5§
-H
■S:S
gs
«^5
U •
• •
^8
111
r.
IS
^"
•■p a ^
g =
-P
« a
ss
II
3-:
E>
•H x c sax am a
if
g-s
All countries
208,177
?4.o?8
114,07?
17.14?
7.725
5.81?
78.8?7
1.62?
427
2B1
2.0J2
Burope
111.227
37.104
24.123
11.247
5,779
4,28?
5
1.?^
17?
266
1,023
Austria.. ............o*
2,072
1,333
739
523
54
60
-
23
5
74
Belgium..,.....,
1,424
1,356
68
32
15
2
-
11
5
3
Bulgaria... ,
78
66
12
5
4
1
-
1
-
1
-
Czechoslovakia. ........
2,235
1,815
420
311
71
17
-
15
-
6
-
Denmark.... ..•.«..
1,322
1,152
170
93
48
9
-
15
-
2
3
Sstonia..,. ,.
228
190
38
19
12
2
-
1
-
4
M
Finland
681
560
121
54
44
9
-
10
-
4
-
France.....
3,277
2,663
614
458
55
55
1
26
-
2
17
Germany ••
32,935
26,979
5,956
5,179
153
408
1
60
-
14
141
Greece.... .«...
2,127
602
1,525
534
753
155
-
20
-
5
58
Hungary,...
1,163
979
184
78
67
3
-
17
-
19
-
Ireland... .e...
5,232
5,177
55
18
n
4
-
15
-
2
5
Italy
15,201
6,143
9,058
2,020
3,032
2,736
2
428
171
45
624
l«atTia ••o...oo.oo...«.e
296
253
43
23
13
1
-
5
-
1
-
Lit huania
401
343
58
22
18
6
-
7
•»
5
-
Netherlands ............
3,769
3,330
439
206
113
17
1
28
-
23
51
2,420
2,184
236
94
94
20
-
15
-
8
5
Poland
5,663
5,063
600
?42
250
10
-
76
-
22
-
1,636
497
1,139
210
343
498
-
80
2
5
1
Rumania
666
491
175
70
65
6
-
24
-
10
—
964
346
613
200
223
89
-
74
-
32
-
Sweden •........,
1,811
1,750
61
22
22
3
-
5
-
7
2
1,686
1,593
93
58
16
4
-
8
-
i
6
(England.. s,,..
12,923
12,452
471
168
41
6
-
235
-
2
19
United (No. Ireland...
1,306
1,284
22
9
2
-
-
10
-
•"
1
Kingd(»i(3cotlanda . , , . «
4,5a
4,426
115
23
9
3
-
70
-
i*
10
539
516
23
11
4
3
«»
4
-
1
—
U,S,SJl.
1,985
1,787
198
93
50
5
-
35
-
15
-
1,432
947
485
251
82
121
••
15
-
16
-
Other Europe. ,,«..•..•.
1,2U
827
387
221
115
36
"
8
"
4
3
Asia
11.751
4.239
7.512
4.979
8O5
1,256
1
82
_1
75
}U.
2,770
1,502
1,268
787
122
335
-
10
13
1
India...
308
190
118
53
49
6
1
4
1
3
1
515
391
124
42
44
25
—
9
-
3
1
Japan...,,.,*..........
3,777
292
3,485
2,802
105
285
-
2
1
27
263
165
114
51
11
26
13
«»
—
••
1
■■
Philippines. . ..•••
1,633
282
1,351
788
97
439
-
12
-
1
14
2,583
1,468
1,115
496
362
153
•
45
1
27
31
77.772
1.389
76.383
??6
8?3
198
73.658
16?
246
28
705
Canada .................
27,055
37,456
17
27,038
37,456
64
35
23
31
7
13
2^,283
37,340
^
1
iU2
36
West Indies
8,999
1,109
7,890
384
747
171
6,392
161
-
13
22
Central America.... ,...
3,488
104
3,384
26
24
5
3,320
8
w
••
1
Other North America... •
774
159
615
17
23
2
323
"
:^46
^
4
South America
5,523
167
5,356
31
70
8
5,233
3
-
7
4
Africa
1,187
779
408
179
159
50
-
18
1
1
Australia & New Zealand..
605
355
250
168
48 10
-
U
■«
8
2
112
65
47
15
U 81 -
2
5
6
United States Department of Justice
LaaigratioD and Naturalization Service
TABLE 6A. IMMIGRANT ALIENS ADMITTED, BT CLASSES UNDER THE IMMIGRATIOM UWS AND COUNTRY
OB RKCTnTJ nF TJIST PKRMANMT RESIDENCE! YEAR ENDED JUNE 30. 19'iL
Country or
region of
last
permanent
residence
Nxmber
ad-
mitted
ss
-3 a a
o o i
B
d
«
■H
V^ +>
O -H
O
m
sj •
n
a
%-l o
O H
•H
a 4^
TJ -H
«] CO
S:S
3
CO
O P
«>
o &,
n
<n
•H K
a
e
u
TJ *H ®
H O ^1
■H 0)
o • "
•> >
m Ti
« -P
m to _
c an
8.V( .
CO o a
n o
o
o o
* •
CO
n •
§=^
m c
u a>
tig
-P H
n o
>< •>
c a
■P «
n n
•H 3
a
All countries
Europe
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia \,.
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Rumania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
(England
United (No. Ireland..
Kingdom( Scotland
(Wales
U.S.S.R
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
China
India
Israel
Japan
Palestine.
Philippines
Other Asia
North America
Canada
Mexico
infest Indies
Central America
Other North America. . .
South America
Africa
Australia & New Zealand.
Other countries
208.177
94.098
114,022
17lH?
7.725
5.819
28.821
1.629
i^I
^
2.052
92.121
2,136
2,263
27
1,010
5
448
4,263
33,098
1,154
30
3,685
13,145
6
5
3,595
2,U2
67
1,455
7
542
2,172
1,673
12,977
970
3,442
253
U
680
860
9.970
72.077
254
144
1,778
3,846
39
1,234
2,675
89.012
1,517
2,215
22
918
5
370
3,642
26,832
184
22
3,653
4,901
5
5
3,256
1,996
56
396
3
164
2,126
1,580
12,610
960
3,409
243
7
356
624
2.975
20.044
34,873
30,645
8,411
3,300
11,783
6,575
1,248
845
8.406
20
94
1,545
155
26
77
1,058
?A76
619
48
5
92
78
621
6,266
970
8
32
8,244
1
339
146
11
1,059
4
378
46
93
367
10
33
10
4
324
236
6.99?
10.083
7,080
73
1,030
160
1,133
1,547
864
705
6.454
234
50
233
3,691
13
1,157
1,617
7?,??6
442
16
2
58
37
454
5,575
446
3
9
1,843
161
70
6
184
1
136
17
57
201
4
9
7
1
180
164
4.733
3.350
130
16
68
2,937
2
691
889
1.825
30
12
20
26
63
84
298
5
6
2,246
1
77
39
2
257
81
7
18
39
2
2
1
4
30
4,180
27,793
30,572
7,381
3,140
10,650
5,028
384
140
1-952
539
55
366
36
829
85
209
94
116
33
27
119
120
7
59
194
lA6i
50
1
9
51
416
U7
3
2,704
17
19
3
496
2
90
4
2
9
2
115
31
1.228
362
509
67
641
31
2,217
157
88
26
80
Z8
4
21
335
4
387
409
291
1
U
24
3
134
5
3
41
35
4
7
66
3
7
2
22.
J21.
5
4
1
1
1
16
29
6
3
331
8
2
70
18
2
3
22
3
3
J0_
m.
173
308
10
7
4
7
14
7
2
42
19
8
17
10
1.02?
2
4
2
2
13
72.178
39
13
171
5
63
33
47
10
JO
25,353
30,375
5,967
3,038
7,445
4,611
18
3
1.702
9
2
2
17
_2il
650
22
191
28
52
101
6
2
16
13
Jtl
7
35
J2.
30
1
8
2
1
1
9
4
JZ6
11
27
2
35
_22
31
4
22
1
34
35
5
4
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE 6b. BOIICaUNT ALIENS ATUITTED TO THE UNITED STATES UNDER THE DISPLACED PERSONS ACT
OF I9U8, AS AMENDED, BY CUSSES AND COUNTRY OR REGION OF BIRTH?
JUNE 25, 19ii8 - JUNE 30, 19$h
Country or region
of birth
Nuinber
admitted
Total
displaced
persona
Displaced persona
Quota
displaced
persona
Nonquota
displaced
orphans
Other
nonquota
displaced
persona
Germans
ethnics 1/
All countries ........
Europe
Austria
Belgium ,
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Estonia ,
Finland
France
Germany .... .. .
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Lithuania ....... ....
Netherlands ^.....^ ....
Norway
Poland .0..0
Portugal ,. ,
Rumania .,,..,,
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
I (England .......
United (No. Ireland ...
Kingdom(Scotland
(Wales
U« D« O9 rt* •••••••••■»••
Yugoslavia . ..■
Other Europe
Asia
China
India
Israel
Japan .,.
Palestine
Philippines
Other Asia
North America
Canada
UexLco ...
West Indies ,...
Central America
Other North America ....
South America ...... ....
•'^rica ................ ....
Australia & New Zealand . .
Other coimtries
Uoii.933
tf02 ,^60
^^92T
928
566
12,2UO
62
10,202
93
765
6l,95U
10,273
16,269
31
2,25Z
35,787
2U,659
62
30
13U,602
21
lo,U70
3U
307
132
i,5oU
28
185
103
35,56U
1,166
2.167
911
8
15
11
77
19
1,126
283
2ir
3
2
k
250
19
72
10
22
35lil67
31^7 .010
U.065
3U8.671
6,398
925
55h
9,li01
55
9,939
92
757
51,885
10,271
12,765
31
2,233
35,lU2
23,181
53
25
128,210
lU
5,117
29
307
129
1,502
27
185
99
31,2lil
17,208
896
M^ ^ ^k
909
7
15
9
77
19
1,120
226
T5~
3
1
3
203
15
68
10
21
6,222
92ii
553
9,365
k9
9,917
88
753
50,713
9,02U
12,725
30
1,665
3h,9kO
23,100
51
25
127, 98U
10
5,097
29
307
129
1,501
26
18U
99
31,18U
16,971
889
4 *0 ^ 2
9or
7
15
9
77
19
1,120
209
T
3
1
201
5
67
10
10
1/ Includes wives and children.
169
1
1
3U
6
17
h
h
1,156
l,2li6
39
1
568
202
69
2
211;
h
20
1
1
5b
236
7
1
11
-2L
ii.
2
5
16
1
1
12
12
7
1
JJ-
12
1
2
2
10
53.766
53.689
2,529
3
12
2,839
7
263
1
8
10,069
2
3,5oU
19
6U5
1,U78
9
5
6,392
7
5,353
5
3
2
1
U
U,323
15,936
270
11
2
1
SL—
1
1
U7
k
k
United States Department of Justice
Imaigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE 6C. REFUGEES, DISPLACED PERSONS, AND OTHER IMMIGRANT ALIENS ADMITTED TO THE
UNITED STATES, BY COUNTRY OR REGION OF BIRTH: YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1954
Country or
region of
birth
All countries,
Europe
Austria
Belgium •
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia „
Denmark »
Estonia o
Finland •«oo««aeeoo*«0oeo*oo
France. » °°»
Germany »»»
Greece <>
Hungary o s«i>oo<i>>o«i>>a«*«o*o
Ireland ••••e*o*«oeo»»oeooeo
Italy. oe»o««*oo«ooooae«**oo
Xjat via •o«o*oo**«eoe«oa«eo««
Lithuania .......e
Netherlands
Norway ..o go««»«*o«e«ooa««o*
Poland o
Portugal
Rumania......
Spain
Sweden ........ .............
Switzerland
(England
United (No. Ireland
Klhgdom( Scotland
(Wales
U.S.S.R..
Yugoslavia
Other Europe. .. o .. e . o « o o .. o
Asia.
China. •«*
India ..g.. .......... ....««•
Israel.
Japan .......«t*
Palestine.. *4^*
Philippines
Other Asia. ....... ...«#. *
North America. ..... o ........ .
Canada .....................
Mexico
West Indies ...... ..........
Central America
Other North America
Total
immigrants
eo«ao**oe«o«**oe
South America
Ai rica .........oe...... .....<
Australia & New Zealand
Other countries....
208.177
111.227
2,072
1,424
78
2,235
1,322
228
681
3,277
32,935
2,127
1,163
5,232
15,201
296
401
3,769
2,420
5,663
1,636
666
964
1,811
1,686
12,923
1,306
4,541
539
1,985
1,432
1,214
11.751
Refugees 1/
2,770
308
515
3,777
165
1,633
2,583
77.772
27,055
37,456
8,999
3,488
774
5,523
1,187
605
112
821
789
1
67
55
617
42
J2_
18
11
Displaced
persons 3/
?.2??
1,183
136
344
21
577
5
16
4
233
681
2
237
6
27
53
56
5
3
1,751
68
132
16
39
2
3
623
118
25
y^
Other
Immigrants
27
2
1
1
10
4
6
1
202.121
105.255
1,929
1,080
57
1,658
1,317
212
677
3,043
32,187
2,070
926
5,226
14,557
243
345
3,722
2,417
3,912
1,636
598
964
1,679
1,670
12,884
1,306
4,539
536
1,362
1,314
1,189
77.769
27,055
37,456
8,999
3,488
771
5,523
1,183
599
111
l7 Refugees admitted under the Refugee Relief Act of 1953.
2/ Displaced persons admitted under Sec. 3(e) of the Displaced Persons Act
of June 25, 1948, as amended.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE 7. ANNUAL QDDTAS AND CJJOTA IMMICSIANTS AJMITTED:
lEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1950 TO 19$h
Quota area
Annual
quota 1/
Quota Immigranta admitted
1950 I 19^r~ 1952 I 1953 | 195U 3/
All quota areas
Europe
Northern and Western Europe
Belgium
Denmark
France
Germany
Great Britain, Northern Ireland.
Iceland ••
Ireland
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Nonray
Sweden
Switzerland «
Southern and Eastern Europe
Austria
Bulgaria
Czechoslovaida
Estonia
Finland
Greece ..•
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Portugal
Rumania
Spain
Turkey
U.S.S.R.
Yugoslavia
Other Southern & Eastern Europe.
Asia
China
Chinese
India
Asia Pacific Triangle
Other Asia
Africa .
Oceania
1 54.657
i?7.46o
156.5U7
i2ki2J±i
8Ua75
9U.098
lit9.667
125,165
1 ^ 5.6 71
1,297
1,175
3,069
25,8lii
65,361
100
17,756
100
3,136
2,36U
3,295
1,698
Jk402
1,U05
100
2,859
115
566
308
865
5,6i;5
235
38U
6,U88
U38
289
250
225
2,697
933
700
2.990^
im
^
979
1,101
3,187
31,511
17,19U
88
6,Uhh
7li
3,067
2,179
1,876
1,666
126.305
U7. 026
^92 ,7^h
100
105
100
100
2,585
^7153
177
U,058
5,387
518
285
U,05U
5,861
17,U39
11,77U
50,692
U26
2,019
197
697
10,85U
5,359
355
1.173
991
1,082
2,900
U4,637
15,369
96
3,810
S9
3,102
2,2U8
1,360
1,372
107.733
73.302
82.231
loH"
59
123
783
328
288
1,361
231
3,870
2,230
556
3,638
5,079
U,325
11,220
li,568
U5,766
38U
2,0l;2
286
liOl
lli,019
7,Ull
3U6
i,3ia
1,103
1,183
2,935
35,U53
20,368
95
3,819
103
3,032
2,333
i,55U
1,32U
ii?,452
63.619
90.190
56
69
698
272
175
2,236
330
5,398
1,366
h9k
5,621
7,331
5,901
Ii,999
3,330
li2,665
388
5,18U
256
37U
15,269
17,265
l,0U5
li08g
1,093
1,12U
2,98U
20,866
2U,219
89
U,635
76
2,903
2,259
1,6U0
1,761
18.582
903
56
2,138
113
527
172
575
U,970
22h
258
U,U28
385
208
583
118
1,926
690
308
1.560
178
51
70
786
253
155
ToIT
105
6k
987
235
m9
69.267
1%^
1,128
3,0UU
28,361
21,092
109
5,169
79
3,208
2,195
1,803
1,63U
20 ,^23
1,056
52
2,005
156
555
571
801
6,0li2
203
311
U,85l
li96
308
329
190
1,887
778
332
3.286
63 ,
1,3U83/
120l/
21
1,73U
350
272
1/ The annual quota was l5U,206 in the fiscal year 195o, and 151|,277 in the fiscal
years 1951 and 1952.
2/ The Philippines are included in Asia; prior to the fiscal year 1952, the Philippines
~ were included in the Pacific, or Oceania.
3/ The 195U figures include 7,191 quota immigrants who had adjusted their status in the
United States, such as by suspension of deportation, by private law, or as
displaced persons. The 195U figures on Chinese and India include 1,283 Chinese
and 57 Indians who had adjusted their status during the year.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
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TABLE
10. TIMI GRANT AUBNS ADMITTED BT RACE, SEI,AHD AGEt
TEAR ENDED JUNE
30, 195U
PadlJfift
Sex and age
Nunber
White
Chinese
East
Fili-
Japa-
Kor-
Regjx)
Is-
admitted
Indian
pino
nese
ean
lander
Noaber adoitted
208,177
196,892
2,7U7
218
1,503
U,062
190
2,5oU
61
Male
95.591
91.39U
1,511
16U
U58
685
76
1,278
28
Under 5 years
8,708
8,2?^
87
3
29
1^
10
81
^
5-9 -
7,769
7,l4UO
88
U
68
87
11
69
2
10-iU ••
5,513
5,287
50
3
68
32
12
55
6
15 "
870
822
11
«»
21
5
.
11
s
16-17 «
2,211
2,118
17
1
30
8
6
29
2
18-19 "
2,890
2,795
2li
1
3U
8
-
28
.
20-2U «•
10,3Ul
10,073
53
11
U7
21
8
127
1
25-29 "
iSMl
lli,917
91
55
61
la
9
268
5
30-3U "
13,51i3
13,00U
191
35
33
35
5
235
5
35-39 "
8, 1456
7,982
222
17
26
li7
1
159
2
UO-liU "
6,950
6,588
153
12
21
5U
6
nli
2
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U,975
U,67li
185
3
10
52
5
U5
1
50-5U "
3,560
3,311
168
12
8
3li
.
25
2
55-59 "
2, 01^6
1,911
98
h
-
20
1
12
•
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1,107
1,03U
kh
2
1
20
1
5
•
65-69 "
636
597
17
1
1
11;
1
$
_
70-7U "
309
296
3
-
-
7
-
3
.
75-79 "
159
150
5
-
-
3
-
1
•
80 jrs. and over..
86
80
3
-
-
1
-
2
•
TTnlmnwn . ...
18
112,583
16
105,198
1
1.236
5U
i,0U5
3,377
llli
1
1.226
^
Female
33
Under 5 jvara
8,188
7,86(5
63
3
■ ■ Y9 ■
167
5
73
•
5-9 »
7,U29
7,118
61
2
58
73
U
109
h
10-lIi »
5,639
5,Uli6
35
2
60
31
2
62
1
15 "
989
955
12
-
5
1
.
16
.
16-17 "
3,189
3,095
lU
1
32
15
2
28
2
18-19 "
6,263
5,955
U5
1
Uo
15U
8
59
1
20-2U ■
22,126
19,937
23li
5
179
1,531
5U
181
5
25-29 "
18,730
16,993
216
11
252
1,027
23
201;
h
30-3U "
12,230
11,U98
Ili5
13
171
210
10
180
3
35-39 "
7,22U
6,803
139
5
95
60
2
115
5
hCh-hh "
6,131
5,85U
98
1
63
3U
2
77
2
U5-U9 ••
U,8a
U,659
58
2
Uo
18
1
liO
3
50-5U ■
3,722
3,595
55
3
16
18
-
3U
1
55-59 "
2,U87
2,l406
38
2
7
16
-
17
1
60-6U ■
1,538
l,li95
15
1
7
8
1
11
-
65-69 «
89U
875
2
1
1
6
-
8
1
70-7l» •
502
U8l
5
1
•
7
2
6
75-79 »
293
288
-
^
•
1
-
1;
-
80 yrs, and over..
16U
163
-
•
.
-
1
-
2li
22
1
••
—
—
"
1
^^
United States Department of Justice
Inmigration and Naturalization Service
TABIZ lOA. UOIICEEIAHT ALIEMS AMITTBD AMD EMIQRANT ALIENS DBFARTED, BZ SEX, AGE,
lEARS E WDED J UME 30, 1950 TO 195U
ILLITERAC Y. AND MAJOR OCCDPATION OtOUPt
S«x, age. Illiterates, and occupation
1950
1951
1952
1953
195U
Inmigrant aliens admitted
Sex:
Male >»..»..
Female
Males per 1,000 females
Age:
Under l6 years
16 to hh years .........
Ii5 years and over ......
Illiterates:
Number 1/
Percent . .
Major occupation group:
Professional, technical, and kindred iroikers.
Farmers and farm managers ,
Managers, officials, and proprietors,
except farm
Clerical, sales, and kindred workers
Craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers
Operatives and kindred workers
Private household workers
Service workers, except private household ...
Farm laborers and foreman
Laborers, except farm and mine
No occi^ation •• ,
Emigrant aliens departed
Sex:
Male
Female ••..«•
Males per 1,000 females
Age:
Under 16 years .........
16 to UU years .........
k$ years and over
Major occupation group:
Professional, technical, and kindred workers.
Farmers and farm managers
Managers, officials, and proprietors,
except farm
Clerical, sales, and kindred woricers
Craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers
Operatives and kindred wo rice rs
Private household workers
Service workers, except private household ...
Farm laborers and foreman
Laborers, except farm and mine
No occupation
2h9,lB7
20LJ1Z
265»^20
170. k3U
208.177
119,130
130,057
916
50,U68
152,358
li6,36l
1,677
»7
20,502
17,6ii2
6,396
16,796
21,832
19,618
8,900
U,970
3,976
5,693
122,862
27.598
99,327
106,390
93li
Ut,023
121,823
39,871
1,869
.9
15,269
lu,2i]i
5,U93
lli,098
16,183
17,858
7,2i;3
5,292
U,972
5,li8l
103,6m
26.171;
123,609
141,911
871
6U,513
159,788
Ul,219
2,026
.8
I6,li96
10,566
5,968
16,721;
21,223
21,092
9,653
6,U18
6,289
8,969
lli2,122
21.880
73,073
97,361
751
37,016
110,860
22,558
99^
.6
12,783
3,393
5,025
15,171
12,257
111, 718
6,852
U,390
1,538
5,369
88,938
2Ji.256
95,59U
112,583
81i9
U5,105
135,731
27,3Ul
1,009
.5
13,817
3,8U6
5,296
16,018
15,396
16,755
8,096
5,203
1,622
10,06l
112,067
30.665
3ii,331
13,267
1,080
2,333
15,576
9,689
2,631
335
1,983
1,5U0
929
1,222
663
730
6ii2
993
15,930
12,843
13,331
963
2,U17
I5,li22
8,335
2,772
350
1,95U
1,799
950
1,363
757
839
253
92li
14,213
10,921
10,959
997
1,918
12,318
7,644
2,328
263
1,693
1,179
437
902
470
908
158
4,099
9,443
12,511
11,745
1,065
2,117
14,905
7,234
3,053
266
1,798
1,339
786
988
610
1,181
114
654
13,467
"y Immigrants over 16 years of age who are unable to read and understand some language
or H-falatn-h.
16,520
14,145
1,168
2,795
19,823
8,047
3,773
240
1,919
1,428
738
987
714
1,333
9S
(>19
18,759
or dialect.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
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TABI£ 11. ALIENS AND CITIZENS ADMITTED AND DEPARTED:
lEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1908 TO 195U
Period
ALIENS AIKITTED
Immi-
grant
Nonimmi-
grant
AUaiS DEPARTED
Emi-
grant
Nonemi-
grant
U. 3. GITIZaJS
Ar-
rived
De-
parted
Total, 1908 to 1951
1908-1910 1/
1911-1920 7..
1911
1912
1913
191U
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921-1930
1921 ..
1922 ..
1923 ..
192ii ..
1925 ..
1926 ..
1927 ..
1928 ..
1929 ..
1930 ..
1931-19UO
1931 ..
1932 .,
1933 ..
193ii ..
1935 ..
1936 ..
1937 ..
1938 ..
1939 ..
19U0 ..
19^1-1950
19U1 ..
19li2 ..
19U3 ..
19hh ..
19U5 ..
19U6 ..
19li7 ..
19li8 ..
19U9 ..
1950 ..
1951
1952
1953
195U
lU.832.56it
9.710.838
U.73U,li93
10.029.08U
16.230.609
15.996.659
2.576.226
341
3757^
838,172
1,197,892
I,2l8,li80
326,700
298,826
295, U03
110,618
Ul,132
li30,001
U90.7UI
1.376.271
823.311
151,713
178,983
229,335
18U,601
107, 5UU
67,922
67,li7U
101,235
95,889
191,575
2,lh6,99h
295,666
333,262
308,190
303,338
20li,07U
129,765
66,277
91;, 585
123,522
288,315
672.327
1.8U1.163
222,51*9
282,030
303, 73U
330,li67
180,100
111,0U2
80,102
98,683
92,709
139, 7U7
660.811
1.938.508
269,128
280,801
286, 60U
286,586
239,579
121,930
127, U20
72,867
96,1420
157,173
3lj2.600
2.517.889
3ii9,li72
353,890
3U7,702
368,797
172,371
110,733
126,011
275,837
218,929
19li,ll*7
It. 107. 209
805,228
309,556
522,919
706,896
29U,33ii
30U,U88
335,175
307,255
279,678
2UI, 700
1.77li.88l
172,935
122,9^9
150,1487
172, U06
l61i,121
191,618
202,826
193,376
199, 6U9
20U,5lll
1.0U5.076
2^7,718
198,712
8l,U50
76,789
92,728
76,992
73,366
77,li57
69,203
50,661
1.61*9.702
178,313
11*6,672
119,136
139,956
132, 762
150,763
180,11*2
196,899
183,295
221,761*
3.522.713
222,712
21*3,563
308,1*71
301,281
339,239
370,757
378,520
1*30,955
1*1*9,955
1*77,260
3 ,519,51?
271,560
309,1*77
270,601
277,850
32l*,323
372,1*80
369,788
U29,575
1*31,81*2
1*62,023
528,1*^1
97,139
35,576
23,068
29,1*70
31*, 956
36,329
50,21*1*
67,895
82,998
70,756
1.^7^.071
183, 5U0
139,295
127,660
131*, 1*31*
li*l*,765
15U,570
181,61*0
181*, 802
185,333
138,032
1*59.738
61,882
103,295
80,081
39,771
38,831*
35,817
26,736
25,210
26,651
21,1*61
1.736.912
229,03U
18U,362
163,721
137,1*01
150,216
157,1*67
197,81*6
197,1*01*
171*, 758
11*1*, 703
3^365J*32
U39,897
339,262
305,001
273,257
282,515
318,273
386,872
1*06,999
351*,1*38
258,918
?, m»??(>
■fe
;386
380,837
338,51*5
262,091
272,1*00
311,1*80
390,196
397,875
333,399
221*, 727
1.035,039
^
^17773"
26,781
23,725
28,551
38,115
108,721
lii7,292
170,570
188,317
21*9,187
2.1*61,359
156,399
100,008
82,1*57
81, U7
113,61*1
161*, 21*7
203,1*69
366,305
1*76,006
1*1*7,272
1*26,837
17, U5
7,363
5,107
5,669
7,U1*2
I8,li*3
22,501
20,875
2i*,586
27,598
2.105.891*
71,362
67,189
53,615
78,71*0
85,920
186,210
300,921
U27,3l*3
1*05,503
U29,091
3.223.233
175,935
118,1*51*
105,729
108,1*1*1*
175,568
27U,51*3
1*37,690
5U2,932
620,371
663,567
2,880,1*11*
168,961
113,216
62,1*03
63,525
103,019
230,578
1*51,81*5
1*78,988
552,361
655,518
205,717
265,520'
170,1*31*
208,177
1*65,106
516,082
1*85,711*,
566,6133
26,171*
21,880
21*, 256
30,665
1*1*6,727
U87,617
520,21*6
568,1*96
760,1*86
807,225
930,871*
1,021,327
667,126
811*, 289
925,861
971,025
1/ Departure of aliens first recorded in I908. Departure of U. S. citizens first recorded
in 1910.
2/ Does not ineludo 7,946 agrleultoral lAbonrs admitted under Section 101(a) (15}(H),
iBBigration and Nationality Act.
United States Department of Justice
laiigratlon and laturalisatioD Service
TABLE 12. mttrGRAHr AUEKS IMnTTED AND EKGRAOT AUBNS DSPAHTBD,
BT STATE OF INTENDED FUTURE OR LAST PEHMANENT RESIDENCE i
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30 » 19S0 TO 195U
Futort or last
rssldenca
"Wo
I M U
"195T
I G R
"19^2"
N T
"1951
'i95r
1950
B U I OR A
i95r
19^
N T
1953"
All States
Alabama •
AriEona •.
Arkansas <
California
Colorado
Conoecticut.
Delaware. *
District of Columbia,
Florida
Georgia. . .• «...
Idaho. ..•...••...•••.
riHnois ,
Indiana
Iowa. ..••....•••*..•.
Kansas • ,
Kentucky.
Louisiana. ••.,
Main*
Maryland •...•*.
Massachusetts. « •••...
HLchigan....* ,
Minnesota....
MissJBBippi. ......*•. <
Missouri ••..<
Montana
Nebraska* •...••.••...
Nevada •••••..
New Hampshire. .,
New Jersey.. •••.••...
New Mexico.
New Tork
North Carolina
North Dakota ,
Ohio ,
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania. ........
Rhode Island.
South Carolina. ..... <
South Dakota.
Tennessee ,
Texas. .,
Utah ,
Vermont..... •.•...••.
Virginia
Washington. ......... ,
Vest Virginia ,
Wisconsin. ...........
Wyoming. ..*..........
All other
219,187
205,717
265,520
170,U3U
208.177
27,598
26,17t{
21,880
.2li,256
li69
950
725
20,128
1,U01
6,282
396
1,670
2,980
801
h2h
18,673
3,6U2
2,139
958
918
2,125
1,100
U,330
10,14i3
m,68l
5,287
1,58U
2,l497
802
1,603
161*
637
13,31*9
296
68,9l4U
1,981
1,279
9,829
755
l,36li
15,268
1,288
509
1,601
953
6,385
1,325
79U
3,570
3,825
690
5,776
275
1,022
386
958
38Ii
19,588
1,035
U,81a
328
1,U60
2,923
608
U23
20,562
2,777
1,639
785
637
1,115
809
2,275
8,13U
13,152
2,710
500
1,721
663
1,273
165
500
10,701
315
60,113
1,069
595
7,926
720
1,27U
10,666
938
371
1*87
656
5,533
1,192
511
1,71*0
3,1*15
1*57
3,162
222
1,003
697
1,269
556
26,599
1,863
5,212
U53
1,865
3,789
1,11*8
1*1*9
20,758
3,1*73
2,372
1,137
757
1,729
989
2,321
8,7la
15,1*89
3,327
1*1*1*
3,032
869
2,199
269
633
1U,531
U52
78,212
1,11*9
1,078
12,11*5
898
1,775
13,772
1,091*
537
78U
876
8,la6
1,U85
681
2,157
1*,629
663
5,77U
276
1,697
55U
1,U05
278
2li,9l6
8U8
3,279
270
1,352
U,U05
709
I*0U
9,202
1,818
812
672
565
1,000
1,085
1,367
6,578
10,351
1,709
303
1,363
U50
li62
186
507
7,916
701
1*2,712
696
356
5,082
565
1,331*
6,335
90h
31*0
225
568
11*, 115
1,390
589
1,228
3,571
U19
2,093
I7I*
2,2la
595
1,610
311
28,667
961
U,273
268
l,liOU
5,326
691
31*8
11,669
2,ll3
938
739
62li
1,198
1,273
1,875
7,901
11,328
1,765
322
1,577
lae
582
216
666
9,523
1,32U
1*8,757
773
391*
6,266
586
1,281
7,829
951
31*2
2ia
661
27,700
1,522
558
1,375
3,308
1*91
2,li9l*
196
1^J17
67
11*5
12
2,616
105
50I1
33
1,71*3
1,317
92
30
1,000
226
iho
Qh
87
362
loU
338
891*
880
361*
56
180
U8
38
27
59
1,027
71
9,519
m
38
508
89
91
777
98
U2
2U
81i
622
83
86
I81i
377
53
252
18
1,890
63
121
27
2,531
lOli
31*1
28
2,051
1,106
115
U2
957
228
103
71*
65
379
156
280
956
863
200
60
126
67
32
16
82
991
61
9,380
90
31
l*61i
78
116
71*2
111
33
12
115
557
60
90
188
357
50
260
11*
1,201
68
129
16
1,926
loU
253
lU
1,8U3
831
62
23
667
126
86
56
63
227
70
189
659
596
163
U7
102
38
21
26
1*8
711
U9
7,375
70
27
331
66
119
500
85
17
1*1
67
810
62
58
129
2U3
32
175
12
2,1J|8
72
98
28
2,112
120
355
31
2,1*92
985
133
1*1*
901*
122
105
108
53
232
56
285
757
537
188
90
161*
U2
38
26
1*9
900
109
8,887
81*
11*
U65
77
98
616
101
26
25
61
680
87
66
172
23U
35
152
23
1,115
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalisation Service
TABLE 12A. IMMIC21ANT ALIENS ADMITTED, BY RURAL AND URBAN AREA AND CITY 1/:
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1950 TO 195U
Class of place and city
1950
1951
1952
1953
195U
Total
Rural
Urban
City total ....... .^...»..
Los Angeles, Calif
Oakland, Calif
San Diego, Calif
San Francisco, Calif
Bridgeport, Conn.
Hartford, Conn
Washington, D. C
Miami, Fla
Tanpa, Fla
Chicago, 111
New Orleans, La »
Baltimore, Md. ...»«....•
Boston, Mass
Cambridge, Mass
Detroit, Mich
Minneapolis , Minn
St. Louis, Mo
Jersey City, N. J
Newark, N. J
Paterson, N. J .*
Buffalo, N. Y
New York, N. Y
Rochester, N. Y
Cincinnati, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio
Portland, Ore
Philadelphia, Pa ,
Pittsbiirgh, Pa
Providence, R. I. ..«.»•*•
Houston, Tex
San Antonio, Tex
Salt Lake City, Utah
Seattle, Wash
Milwaukee, Wis. ...».»»
Other cities .»...»....
U. S. territories and possessions ...
All other
2119.187
U7.066
66,157
13h,^0h
T33"
662
628
3,59h
k$h
l,12li
1,670
1,279
273
13,152
668
2,151
2,16J^
519
7,128
1M9
1,127
752
l,6h7
560
l,l48l
50,779
l,lii3
682
3,331
676
S,2h2
1,369
B9^
667
630
82ii
1,565
1,558
17,698
8i;8
612
205.717
265.520
170. U3U
27.67I1
3ii,936
21.297
55,8U8
7l,95U
52,219
120jiiO
U,7li6
623
553
ii,289
3U5
1,071
l,ii6o
1,237
221
U4,ii6l
586
1,107
1,927
li03
7,709
891
686
716
1,339
316
1,669
ii5,650
1,022
507
3,0U8
609
i;,062
l,OUii
i;20
5il5
569
816
1,676
983
13,h3h
899
5S6
15U.999
87^83
682
755
3,920
U71
808
1,865
1,358
300
2k,399
8U0
1,059
2,277
331
8,539
891
1,386
989
l,li;6
51U
2,686
^9,333
l,08Ii
853
U,i;37
8lii
5,U53
1,U07
i;76
700
853
899
2,088
2,19U
20,609
l,3i+8
2,283
93. 915
7,078
663
765
3,73ii
25U
550
1,352
1,77U
3^9
6,366
656
718
l,Shl
3Ul
6,112
587
566
381
71^3
3h9
1,62U
31,72ii
696
U12
1,U57
71U
2,2140
6U7
358
772
1,123
919
1,591
731
111, 018
1,328
1,675
208.177
2li.387
66,926
llU.188
8,272
763
Qlh
h,Uh3
36U
Q3h
l,i;OU
2,U83
Uoli
8,288
1467
1,132
2,227
362
6,171
613
586
ii52
1,277
U51
1,987
35,612
782
509
1,979
622
2,989
79U
I426
821
1,863
1,087
l,ii80
1,011
20,U19
1,561
615
1/ Rural - Population of less than 2,500. Urban
Cities - Population of 100,000 or over.
- Population of 2,500 to 99,999.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
Covintry or region
of last or future
residenca
TABLE 13. nacr GRANT ALIENS ADMITTED AHD EKrCRANT AETBNS DEPARTED, BI
COUNTHI OR REGION OF LAST OR INTENDED FOTDRE PERMANENT RESIDENCE:
TEARS ENDED JUNE 30 » 19^0 TO 19gl
IMMIGRANT
1950 I 1951 1952 1953 I 195U
EMIGRANT
1950
1951
1952
1953
195r
All countries...,
Europe................
Austria* ............
Belgium ,
Bulgaria.
Csechoslovakia. ,...,
Denmark.............
Estonia.
Finland
France ..............
Germany. ........ . ...
Greece
Hungary.
Ireland.
Italy
Latvia.
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Rumania
Spain •...«
Sweden
Switzerland
(England...,
United (N. Ireland,
Kingdom(Scotland. . ,
(Wales
U.S.S.R
Yugoslavia.
Other Europe
Asia
China
India
Israel
Japan
Palestine .,
Philippines , ,
Other Asia
North America. ........
Canada
Ifexico
West Indies
Central America
Other No. America...
South Amezdca.........
Africa
Australia & N.Zealand.
Other countries ,
219,187
205,717
265,520
170,U3U
208,177
27,598
26,17U
21,880
199,115
1,129
13
9U6
1,09U
U
5o6
U,U30
128,592
1,179
190
U,837
l2,li5U
5
5
3,080
2,262
696
1,106
155
383
2,183
l,85l4
10,191
1,005
2,299
265
6
189
1,290
U,508
1,280
121
378
100
168
729
1,732
UP, 899
"21,885
6,710;
6,206
2,169
3,895
3,281*
81i9
1*60
72
Ili9,5l5
1,802
1
88
1,076
532
U,573
87,755
l,U59
62
2,592
8,958
5
8
3,062
2,289
98
1,078
loU
UU2
2,022
l,li85
12,393
552
2,309
196
10
16h
1,379
7,lli9
109
968
271
I6I4
3,228
2,07U
1;U,030
25,880
6,153
5,902
2,011
U,08U
3,596
81i5
U90
62
193,626
2,9U6
9
51
1,152
7
500
U,878
10U,236
6,996
63
2,775
11,3U2
10
20
3,060
2,35U
235
953
3ii
U8l
1,778
1,502
18,539
751
3,390
2li8
11
327
1,890
9,328
26:5
123
1*85
3,8lli
3U
1,179
3,U30
56,U58
9,079
6,672
2,637
U,716
U,591
931
5U5
Ul
82,352
2,162
1
77
993
38
U73
li,137
27,329
1,296
96
3,393
8,132
59
11;
2,973
2,231;
136
1,077
23
811;
2,171
1,796
12,921
911
3,l;l6
302
25
580
2,3la
8,231
T2E
lOh
l,3lii;
2,579
32
1,071;
2,570
72,139
92,121
2,263
27
1,010
5
1;,263
33,098
1,15U
30
3,685
13,iU5
6
5
3,595
2,ll;2
67
i,l;55
7
51;2
2,172
1,673
12,977
970
3,1;1;2
253
11
680
860
9,970
12,6U2
17,183
8,628
3,016
7,029
5,511
989
7l;2
1;70
^5ir
lU;
1,778
3,8U6
39
1,231;
2,675
89,012
IE
237
15
97
350
1
160
1,125
1,309
588
27
372
1,636
379
677
106
228
8
218
1;83
3l;2
2,919
189
IM
72
157
71;
330
3,311
11,1;77
30,61;5
8,lAl
3,300
11,783
6,575
l,2i;8
81;5
8,1;06
1;20
2liO
315
101
1,181
626
7,636
"HT
156
2
38
336
2
138
1,019
1,101
371;
30
539
1,1;1;0
3
301;
576
72
188
5
227
U5i
311
2,882
173
1;65
78
lUo
61;
276
li529
9,691
1,257
3,190
851
71
2,873
1;33
U59
2Wi
TIE
31U
250
282
28
627
652
8,199
IT?
192
5
28
350
1
111;
1,172
1,028
U35
lit
229
1,281
3
1
327
553
68
183
2
225
33U
3ia
l,88h
71
258
35
ll;3
77
225
lipla
12,557
"575S?
l,ll;9
2,897
816
135
2,817
393
197
26"
223
210
228
506
53
521
700
6,722
155'
310
6
25
1;27
3
130
1,1;81;
1,1;91
621
23
367
1,358
2
1;39
571
71
199
8
291
376
380
2,736
56
3l;5
1;8
213
158
281;
li757
ll;,192
311
7
108
1;70
hh
158
X7S6
988
2,227
576
171
1,981;
317
156
269
237
267
701
1;3
598
756
5,957
X9^
988
2,383
633
28
2,180
363
352
90
United States Department oi Justice
]jnmigration and Naturalization Servica
TABLE 13 A. IMMIGRANT ALIENS ADMITTED, BY COUNTRY OR REGION OF BIRTH:
YEARS ENDED JTJNE 30. 1%5 TO 1954
Country or region
of birth
19/»5
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
All countries
Europe
Austria l/
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany 1/
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
RumaLnia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United ( England ....
Kingdom( No . Ireland ,
(Scotland...
(Vfales
U.S.S.R
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
China
India
Israel 2/
Japan
Palestine 2/
Philippines
Other Asia
North America ,.
Canada
Mexico
West Indies
Cent rail America
Other No. America...
South America
Africa
Australia & N.Zealand.
Other countries
38.119
108.721
147.292
170.570
188.317
249.187
205.717
265.520
170.4 2 ^
208.177
10. lU
64.877
92
11
289
108
19
58
207
1,260
235
132
286
320
50
86
111
114
1,222
562
234
238
67
70
2,627
340
515
100
399
184
205
?7?
989
1,770
36
1,075
291
136
197
5,000
4,010
578
577
1,387
3,886
206
244
610
379
4,806
554
425
402
327
282
28,763
1,584
2,472
1,495
1,110
676
610
1.921
96.865
1,997
2,208
128
3,601
1,166
184
689
5,808
U,674
2,056
1,277
2,446
U,557
340
554
2,607
2,316
8,156
636
558
302
1,252
978
17,889
1,328
3,757
1,071
2,240
1,117
973
4.098
11?.7?0
109
95
3
52
15
301
24.229
9,379
6,455
4,660
3,395
340
1,326
267
1,535
46
337
407
17
193
293
674
33.125
18,627
6,805
4,876
2,171
646
1,755
1,098
5,746
199
1,407
375
82
363
739
1,132
40.295
2,782
1,757
132
3,865
1,328
225
693
4,697
21,365
1,964
1,471
7,651
15,801
427
631
3,739
2,687
8,020
890
770
509
2,022
1,426
17,484
1,940
5,436
954
2,317
1,190
1,577
7.626
138.301
22,008
7,775
6,299
3,470
743
2,421
849
2,532
232
3,987
239
371
376
1,122
1,531
42.270
2,363
1,592
84
4,393
1,305
1,840
704
3,972
23,844
1,759
1,998
8,585
11,157
3,853
6,691
3,200
2,563
23,744
1,235
1,043
503
2,433
1,585
13,589
2,425
4,805
656
3,907
1,384
1,089
6.355
206.547
22,612
8,730
6,994
2,884
1,050
2,768
840
1,110
206
2,823
166
508
234
1,068
1,556
39.469
3,182
1,108
190
5,528
1,234
5,422
645
3,519
31,225
1,242
5,098
6,501
9,839
17,494
11,870
3,148
2,379
52,851
1,075
3,599
463
1,892
1,728
8,812
1,249
2,983
393
10,971
9,154
1,753
^•615
161.177
202. 8BI
21,515
7,977
6,518
2,493
966
2,639
737
602
21U
1,494
153
110
76
212
595
1,975
34.004
2,777
1,238
231
3,863
1,217
2,073
646
3,337
26,369
4,447
4,922
3,739
7,348
10,588
4,028
3,170
2,378
37,484
1,048
2,351
510
1,427
1,408
8,333
840
2,950
368
11,953
8,254
1,880
?.166
18,043
6,8U
6,093
2,151
876
2,777
689
443
112
1,821
134
261
198
210
760
1,782
35.482
20,809
6,372
5,553
1,970
778
2,724
700
390
78
5,976
1,539
279
5,0U
1,345
1,248
585
3,454
50,283
7,084
6,850
3,796
9,306
4,459
3,044
3,143
2,481
33,211
1,013
4,915
536
1,478
1,569
12,054
1,031
4,052
494
12,697
17,223
2,698
9.428
96.177
1,421
153
206
4,517
156
1,066
1,909
48.092
28,141
9,600
6,723
2,642
986
3,902
740
a6
58
1,862
1,335
67
2,173
1,278
158
614
3,216
27,305
1,603
803
4,655
9,701
294
314
3,042
2,427
4,395
1,141
468
991
1,750
1,794
12,872
1,240
4,540
578
1,780
1,272
2,509
8.029
111.227
17536
155
421
2,393
118
1,160
2,246
60.107
28,967
18,454
8,875
3,056
755
4,6yl
922
450
58
2,072
1,424
78
2,235
1,322
228
681
3,277
32,935
2,127
1,163
5,232
15,201
296
401
3,769
2,420
5,663
1,636
666
964
1,811
1,686
12,923
1,306
4,541
539
1,985
1,432
1,214
11.751
2,770
308
515
3,777
165
1,633
2,583
77.772
27,055
37,456
8,999
3,488
774
5,523
1,187
605
112
1/ In 1945 Austria was included with Germany.
2/ Israel is included in Palestine prior to 1950.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABUB
lU. EMKFAin' AT.TENS DEPARTED, BI RACE,
.<3a,AND AGEt
TEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 195U
Sax and age
Number
de-
Ihita
Chinese
East
Indian
Fili-
pino
Japa-
nese
Kor-
ean
Negro
Pacific
Is-
parted
r
lander
Number departed
30|^
26,780
733
U9U
9U6
1,179
91
Uo6
36
Uale
16,520
1U,057
513
387
593
6UU
59
252
15
Under $ yeara
355
333
11
1
5
6
-
1
-
5-9
571
5U7
8
5
6
3
-
2
.
10-lU "
UlU
380
16
U
9
-
1
3
1
15
93
88
2
«•
2
1
-
.
16-17 "
200
186
u
-
7
3
-.
.
18-19 «
338
319
u
1
U
U
1
5
.
20-2U "
2,792
2,573
U9
63
U7
37
7
15
1
25-29 "
3,173
2,683
89
138
88
87
10
71
7
30-3U "
2,28U
1,872
8U
75
90
8U
15
62
2
35-39 "
1,386
1,11U
7U
U2
U8
56
9
U3
.
Uo-UU "
1,063
860
h9
18
75
39
3
19
.
U5-U9 "
792
625
Ul
11
71
27
U
12
1
50-5U ••
566
U6l
30
7
37
22
2
6
1
55-59
U5U
380
13
2
32
18
3
6
-
60-6U "
39U
325
15
2
19
29
1
3
-
65-69
513
385
11
3
2U
88
1
1
-
70-7U "
292
22U
5
1
U
57
1
-
-
75-79 "
165
127
2!
-
2
32
1
-
1
80 yrs, and owr...
86
72
1
1
-
12
-
-
-
TTnlmnwn. ...........
589
lU,lii5
503
12.723
5
220
13
107
25
353
39
535
32
3
15U
1
Femal*
21
Under 5 years......
358
m
1
8
3
11
>
2
2
5-9
U79
U52
5
5
8
U
-
3
2
10-lli ••
U62
U36
5
5
8
U
-
U
.
15
63
61
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
16-17 "
233
22U
U
-
U
tm
1
-
-
18-19 "
377
350
10
1
11
2
-
3
>
20-2li "
1,6U9
l,Ul6
U9
lU
U8
91
7
21
3
25-29 "
2,292
1,968
U7
26
79
138
6
2U
U
30-3li "
1,8U9
1,631
30
22
75
59
7
20
5
35-39
1,213
1,085
26
9
U5
28
3
15
2
Uo-UU "
97U
903
17
9
15
16
1
12
1
U5-U9 »
710
659
10
5
lU
10
2
9
1
50-5U
637
580
7
1
16
18
1
lU
-
55-59
625
578
3
.
6
3U
-
U
-
60-6U "
507
U59
2
.
U
3U
1
7
-
65-69 "
5UU
500
1
-
7
30
>
6
-
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358
332
.
-
3
17
1
U
1
75-79 »
226
212
-
.
1
12
-
1
«>
80 yrs. and over..*
1U6
1U2
.
-
.
3
-
1
-
UnknoTO. ...........
UU3
UOU
3
2
6
23
2
3
.
United States Depariaient of Justice
Imnd. gratlon and Naturalixation Seirvice
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TABLE 16. NONIMMIGRANT ALIENS ADMITTED, BY CLASSES UNDER THE IMMIGRATION UWS
AND COUNTRY OR REGION OFBIRTH: YEAR ENDED JUNE 30. 1954
Country or region
of birth
Number
ad-
mitted
13
u
o
U m
U O
ID -H
> <H
O «-i
to o
§0) m
•rl a
6-" > ^
(4
o
E? to ©
n) L< Li
tH o 9
o +> m
Q.-H nj
e m v
0) -H rH
Li i
0)
Li 0)
■a 3
fl) -p
u m
■P D
^1
<D -O
73
CO
(1)
rH >
nJ -H
C +J
o n)
•H 4J
+> C
nJ 0)
Em
ID
<D Li
■P Q,
5 2
.1^
Li <0
ttf en ID
Li Li ID
O 0) C
S Li cd
S p Li
El S *>
«
Ha
9 0)
n Li
a) o
Li<H
a
aj o
no
j: ID
o -H
ID
Li <n
v <n
x: to
•p .-I
O o
All countries.
Europe.
Austria.
Belgium^
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia. ........
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France, ,
Germany. .«.....<>.......
Greece ........o. •«»•»»«
Hungary. ...^...o. ......
ireXanu ..oo.es.g.o....*
Italy......
Latvia
Lithuania •.....•....«..
Netherlands. ...........
Norway. .e..............
Poland
Portugal
Rumania
Spain...........
Sweden.................
Switzerland ............
(England.......
United (No, Ireland...
Kingdom(Scotland. . ....
(Wales
U.S.S.R
Yugoslavia
Other Europe ,
Asia
China
India
Israel ......i>
Japan
Palestine
Philippines
v./oner as j^a ..o,.,,.,...
North America
Canada
Mexico,..,. ,
West Indies......
Central America.,
Other North America,
o o , o , .
South America,,,...,
Africa, ,
Australia & New Zealand,.
Other countries..,,,,,...
?66.61?
23.095
61.029
292.725
78.526
1.023
2S^2^
5.601
7.479
504
15.260
55,887
241.146
4,196
5,311
140
3,047
6,888
695
2,176
18,517
25,373
4,014
3,123
6,083
19,422
834
1,417
12,918
7,145
10,394
1,527
2,606
11,588
7,427
7,244
52,736
2,779
12,861
1,8a
3,801
1,707
3,336
32.671
7.876
4,275
3,112
1,206
8,027
606
4,786
10,659
223 .862
IS
378
4
79
149
6
58
984
456
288
56
57
801
6
8
233
223
163
251
48
491
308
137
1,585
20
142
58
144
396
261
3 .6?0
36.853
694
868
28
548
597
45
184
3,171
4,709
793
503
361
1,742
97
159
2,268
529
1,676
130
476
1,342
1,249
1,527
10,599
159
1,165
243
458
116
a?
4.617
99.722
539
211
87
420
10
551
1,812
5.032
392
482
84
2,051
107
446
1,055
12.262
1,932
2,118
47
1,593
3,045
455
809
6,879
10,572
1,379
1,889
1,867
8,602
550
1,019
5,463
2,132
6,134
366
1,583
5,730
3,417
3,258
18,377
997
4,761
763
2,245
670
1,070
7.387
44.791
642
2.531
400
786
17
186
1,571
75
615
2,405
2,089
453
212
1,153
4,361
71
84
2,735
2,545
845
264
185
2,809
825
898
11,700
1,191
4,547
451
370
183
765
3.939
12
16
17
2
8
3
9
22
2
4
69
3
■«
2
35
12
1
9
23
1
83
241
8
34
7
4
2
13
250
835
710
621
855
283
1,137
2,946
148.522
29, a7
76,2U
98,175
16,610
3,U6
47,410
4,285
9,711
7,528
569
1,879
1,645
801
138
3,879
305
440
1,933
764
3,174
7,033
979
312
3,303
765
2,626
603
1,518
377
136
714
55
162
977
23.021
TS
4
209
1
20
40
T4
64
4
53
19
15
28
208
266
253
62
11
159
7
19
168
139
110
25
49
224
37
52
239
12
38
7
31
27
141
3.914
2.600
2.475
34
123
2
61
77
1
15
623
76
49
9
29
71
5
210
92
63
3
3
55
110
75
504
13
63
13
132
36
53
703
399
498
152
507
98
549
1,711
14.848
11,431
59,314
65,408
10,170
2,199
29,163
1,646
3,551
2,734
7,252
5,767
8,744
913
345
3,063
438
1,918
1,356
7
5
18
7
3
64
13
4
10
■4793?
4,429
3,670
1,719
94
3,593
301
83
155
172
14
31
1
82
287
867
125^
43
3
91
73
62
81
260
441
57
39
42
160
5
5
48
25
31
6
U
215
64
43
382
6
92
12
26
6
17
809
290
8.260
35.092
3
1
3
5
1
21
18
4
5
21
14
7
6
1
2
4
2
139
8
2
6
1
16
73
217
161
275
171
43
794
137
165
335
31
15
8
367
321
67
3.795
T7585
524
1,480
81
25
186
68
90
56
2
4
59
1
7
102
8
52
39
2
1
16
4
17
2
324
174
7
44
610
5
152
912
2,437
225
21
53
602
11
9
339
319
97
42
27
118
311
123
797
42
137
52
32
19
219
3.433
278
556
48
466
18
737
1,350
1.923
786
529
331
240
37
1,025
294
239
86
524
738
27
389
72J;
29
225
3,051
4,298
491
330
2,501
2,830
84
109
1,438
1,099
1,256
439
211
579
1,099
1,046
8,171
330
1,874
233
352
251
364
3.910
lU
103
56
2,347
34
799
427
13.414
17750
ao
9,528
1,526
190
2,324
314
578
255
Does not include 7,946 agricultural laborers admitted
under Section 101(a) (15) (H), Immigration and
Nationality Act.
United States Department of Justice
Lnnigration and Naturalization Service
I
TABLE 17. MOKBeaGBANT ALIQIS ADMITTED, BI CLASSES UHDEK THE DMiaRATION UNS
AND COUNTKr OR REGION OF LAST PERMANBIT RESIDEHCE: TEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1954
Covntrj or raglon
of last perman«nt
realdenca
Number
ad-
mlttod
as*'
^ C u
o e 'H
(< ^ «-(
o o vi
b. M o
^
n m
u
b o »
a « g
I- V XI
2|
I O 7
4} «
•H a
an
■o o
tl «
g
P
CO
a
9
b
d □
c -H
» «
• o
a
u o
a c!
X! O
O -H
I a
^ s
v< n
c a
All countries.
Europe • .<
Austria •
Belglua
Bulgaria
Csechoslovakia • , ,
Deimarlc.
Estonia
rinland
France
Germany
Greece ■
Hungary ,
Ireland
Italy
LatTia
Lithuania
Netherlands ■
Norway <
Poland
Portugal
Rofflanla
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
(England
United (No. Ireland.,
KlngdoB( Scotland . . . . ,
(Wales
U.S.S.R
Tugoslavla .,
Other Europe
Asia
China
India
Israel
Japan
Palestine...
Philippines.
Other Asia..
North America «
Canada
Mexico
West Indies
Central America
Other North America...
South America. . .
Africa
Australia & New
Other countries,
Zealand.
566.613
2?.0??
61.029
292.725
78,?26
1-023
2^M1
5-601
7.^7?
iO^
15.260
??.887
l?6.it??
3,302
10
159
3,455
27
1,288
13,305
14,128
2,246
85
2,118
9,020
19
15
7,101
5,137
264
950
57
3,357
5,614
5,222
42,782
2,131
8,625
886
350
577
2,791
26.???
1,145
2,107
3,249
5,780
170
4,194
9,7U
328.984
73,263
85,991
102,598
16,840
50,292
58,583
4,255
10,423
1,550
7.7?1
49
389
3
61
U2
3
54
1,025
375
293
W
33
809
2
257
252
102
280
36
436
322
139
1,848
2
18
8
138
396
276
3.?85
506
148
192
450
27
541
2,121
6.202
28.241
20?
837
1
1
444
3
136
2,959
3,502
561
8
235
1,496
1
1,914
440
6
99
3
407
1,234
1,432
11,153
118
638
108
3
16
280
4.?27
49.812
511
1,186
2
13
1,610
15
475
4,3U
5,475
489
8
852
2,172
10
3
2,607
1,5U
20
226
10
875
2,858
2,255
16,611
852
3,630
478
26
64
621
5.653
31.525
1,139
2,268
1,884
893
18
4,307
273
427
110
42
320
524
2,158
21
556
706
18 .^?2
S
12<
405
3
15
429
2
335
2,443
952
268
2
767
3,181
2
3
1,436
2,138
26
229
1
1,265
548
690
9,761
1,083
3,987
229
63
45
1,091
2.792
J2i
334
1,830
756
75
1,201
1,397
194.094
70
138
230
362
15
121
1,856
35.754
5
20
21
7
1
16
3
77
a
19
2
90
249
3
U
2
_2Jtl
1-562
29
40
13
25
152
183
240
2
100
110
137
15
65
40
69
150
15
U
6
1
5
151
? i811
2.604
17
115
ui
68
10
653
35
42
16
110
194
81
49
5
17
96
253
546
6
31
5
107
35
65
662
2.017
122
32
1
64
1
74
291
445
56
1
23
145
47
20
8
111
64
54
405
1
43
3
1
3
2
287
8.1L4
3,532
4,234
9,367
1,297
22
5,8U
957
3,100
138
43,004
65,698
74,124
11,168
100
36,610
1,912
3,893
751
16,300
7,654
10,7a
1,021
38
5,434
326
2,354
3U
1
4
223
1
12
42
9
46
9
7
81
5
5
3
162
491
199
554
13
572
1,820
iii6ltl
5,481
4,590
3,816
1,751
5
3,938
296
84
91
"53
148
28
32
4
82
305
1.219
438
213
352
198
18
847
110
131
28
781
6
7
76
313
3
318
58
Ju222
1
29
14
1
4
27
12
7
1
3
3
161
18
Jl.
1
4
5
58
1
1
5
110
2,163
600
1,528
80
1
213
36
52
8
13
80
15
2
15
2
u
1
307
180
609
2
146
937
2,417
223
1
42
599
371
325
42
101
327
132
921
35
130
31
1
2
233
3.W
3.920
225
487
132
495
11
743
1,340
1x1^
1,005
565
330
244
3
1,062
264
239
1
96
1
20
51
1
25
501
728
57
22
Ul
298
6
7
153
152
61
46
7
60
119
105
975
16
120
16
10
11
49
562
9
29
28
348
58
90
?0.867
142
80
392
176
50,077
262
74
124
78
Does not include 7,946 agricultural laborers admitted under
Section 101(a) (15) (H), lasnigration and Nationality Act.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalisation Serrice
TABLE 18. NOMIBKIGRAHT ALIENS ADMITTED AND NONEHIGRAKT ALIENS DEPARTED,
BY COUNTBT OR BBGION OP LAST OR INTENDED FUTURE PERMANENT BESIDENCE:
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30« 1950 TO 1954
Countiy or region
of last or future
residence
NONIMMIGRANT
1950
1951
1952
J2^
J25L
NONEMIGRANT
1950
J^5L
1952
im.
22^
All countries . . <,
Europe
Austria
Belgium.
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia. ....
Dcnmai^c
Estonia
Finland •
France
German/. ..........o
Greece. ........ ....
Hungary. ...........
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway.
Poland
Portugal
Rumania....
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland ........
(England....
United (No. Ireland
Singdam( Scotland. . .
\ Wales ......
U.S.S.R
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
China
India
Israel
Japan.
Palestine . . ,
Philippines .
Other Asia,.
North America........
Canada
Mexico.....
West Indies........
Central America....
Other No. America..
South America
Africa
Australia & N. Zeal..
Other countries......
426.837
465.106
516.082
'tg^.TH
566.613
429.091
446.727
487.617
520.246
568.496
97.186
928
2,450
15
227
3,532
18
833
10,433
4,091
1,5a
66
1,229
7,050
6
8
5,405
4,576
411
1,091
35
2,610
4,598
3,673
33,695
858
4,648
718
472
290
1,679
17«Q40
104.963
1,959
1,890
3,008
1,498
436
2,517
6,532
261.836
926
3,254
9
97
3,974
17
975
13,197
6,022
3,643
79
1,072
5,389
24
5
7,6a
4,717
217
915
50
2,190
4,289
3,926
33,382
732
4,550
606
427
285
2,353
19.529
97,084
30,735
85,035
11,207
37,775
40,094
3,320
5,737
824
7S3
1,506
2,945
3,580
362
2,728
7,645
281.201
121.902
1,380
4,575
9
155
4,227
10
1,165
U,930
9,965
1,840
75
1,391
6,240
7
15
8,122
5,322
296
888
45
2,623
4,446
4,467
38,827
780
6,291
730
358
420
2,303
23.638
124.369
T;659
3,547
3
131
3,951
19
1,182
15,252
11,328
2,029
55
1,499
6,490
6
5
7,693
5,258
198
974
38
3,430
4,555
4,356
38,195
1,409
7,015
865
414
653
2,160
25.846
1?6,4^?
108,887
32,851
86,398
11,832
a,233
48,004
3,125
7,585
699
1,074
1,882
2,648
4,312
252
3,424
10,046
305.890
123,471
28,111
100,301
13,875
40,132
51,553
3,704
8,364
1,031
1,357
2,063
2,997
5,484
181
3,803
9,961
265.852
1,438
3,302
10
159
3,455
27
1,288
13,305
14,128
2,246
85
2,118
9,020
19
15
7,101
5,137
264
950
57
3,357
5,614
5,222
42,782
2,131
8,625
886
350
577
2,791
26 .3^9
98 . 477
48,516
58,8a
97,586
15,132
45,777
55,382
3,950
7,785
2,530
1,U5
2,107
3,249
5,780
170
4,194
9,714
328.984
782
2,448
23
219
3,5U
24
823
9,800
2,903
1,578
70
1,399
6,404
4
13
5,115
5,306
a6
717
30
2,465
4,995
3,a3
36,773
987
5,464
794
323
203
1,472
10.756
99.469
73,263
85,991
102,598
16,840
50,292
58,583
4,255
10,423
1,550
1,115
1,581
1,760
957
320
1,926
3,097
269.469
)87
2,935
8
103
3,796
11
938
10,785
5,152
1,868
65
1,267
4,796
9
15
7,031
4,715
221
738
48
2,470
4,278
3,598
35,025
779
4,744
633
366
240
2,148
12.543
111.585
96,117
25,174
88,818
10,849
48,511
40,279
3,033
5,868
1,209
453
1,133
2,809
2,532
161
1,925
3,500
278.276
955
4,101
3
96
3,773
15
942
13,029
7,457
1,563
88
1,386
5,159
16
12
7,109
4,908
201
707
50
2,366
4,070
3,947
39,696
676
6,006
731
271
244
2,008
12.889
127.909
105,710
26,471
89,201
11,364
45,530
44,780
2,702
7,443
1,514
255
1,104
1,913
3,292
152
2,170
3,993
300.629
1,534
3,598
10
133
3,770
8
1,189
14,567
10,598
2,083
81
1,830
6,700
U
12
7,555
5,634
232
736
64
3,006
4,691
4,334
42,789
1,212
7,631
977
391
6a
1,892
iS i?o
mMi
119,938
33,269
85,606
12,398
49, a8
49,047
2,846
8,736
1,885
TS8
1,431
2,292
3,852
188
2,462
4,297
310.625
1,290
3,a9
3
127
3,754
27
1,261
13,486
12,863
2,010
58
2,012
7,033
13
12
7,188
5,053
154
639
52
2,672
5,508
4,918
50,283
2,185
9,546
908
311
532
2,128
16.252
81,599
56,a5
106,650
14,263
51,698
53,333
3,469
7,262
2,458
738
1,222
2,323
4,461
182
2,537
4,789
342.048
76,733
83,627
102,312
15,947
63,429
55,159
3,927
9,599
2,066
Does not include 7,946 agricultural laborers admitted
under Section 101(a)(15)(H}, Immigration and
Nationality Act.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE 19. NONIMMIGRANT ALIENS IN THE UNITED STATES, BY DISTRICT,
ON JUNE ^0, 1953 AND 195U
(Exclusive of border crossers, agricultural laborers,
creYnnen, returning residents, and foreign government
officials and representatives )
District
June 30, 195U:
All districts
St. Albans, Vt
I Boston, Mass
New York, N. Y
Philadelphia, Pa. . . .
Baltimore, Md
Miami, Fla
Buffalo, N. Y
Detroit, Mich
Chicago, 111
Seattle , Wash
San Francisco, Calif.
San Antonio, Tex. ...
El Paso, Tex
Los Angeles, Calif. .
Honolulu, T. H
June 30, 1953:
All districts
St. Albans, Vt.
Boston, Mass. ..
New York, N. Y.
Philadelphia, Pa
Baltimore, Md.
Miami, Fla. . . .
Buffalo, N. Y.
Detroit, Mich.
Chicago, 111. .
Kansas City, Mo
Seattle, Wash.
San Francisco, Calif
San Antonio, Tex. .
El Paso, Tex
Los Angeles, Calif.
Honolulu, T. H. ...
Visitors
97.562
1;,221
175
i,Uoo
91
39y6Se
3,999
255
36
361
21
I5,61i7
Wx
3,057
222
U,123
82
1,569
3U
3,302
266
3,99U
U07
11,79U
1,833
2,391
106
2,956
2lh
2,936
21x3
99,131
Transit
aliens
5,762
1,31U
38,167
229
368
l]t,61i6
2,319
6,222
1,795
3,812
3,932
13,107
2,088
3,175
2,195
1/ Admitted since December 7, 19U8.
7/ Admitted since December 2u, 1952.
3/ Admitted since December 2U, 1952.
8.173
6.362
22U
11
2,2U7
Uo
67
52U
209
6h
28
27U
1,801
68
201
208
Students
33.801
262
2,761
U,33U
1,579
2,025
2,665
998
3,U88
ii,90U
1,371
3,U65
1,867
1,260
2,581
2ia
29.596
Treaty-
traders
1/
Temporary
workers
and
trainees
120
2,5W
U,366
1,506
1,560
2,257
1,033
3,098
2,818
2,702
1,297
2,371
1,127
705
1,9U3
1.32U
22
36
62U
11
Ul
U9
30
5
21
56
237
3
1
66
122
1.012
30
29
677
3
11
69
27
6
2
3
105
1
1
33
15
16.802
2,872
28
790
13
570
227
308
22
9$
182
82
U5
I;7
11,521
3.5U9
Represent-
atives of
foreign
information
media
i/
2,Uii6
8
317
2
256
79
68
11
ii6
122
ss
60
52
27
181
16
1
93
1
12
3
10
8
2
h
2
29
57
U
21
1
3
1
10
h
1
12
Agricultural laborers are not included.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TART.K 20, ALIENS EXCLUDED FROM THE UNITED STATES, BY (
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30. 1948 TO 1954
:ause:
Cause
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
Nvimber excluded
7,113
5,541
5,256
5,647
5,050
5,647
3^13
Cv iminal s. ....<....««.«••• •••••••<■••••••
367
18
3
1
11
37
28
20
28
8
26
110
33
167
91
815
5,156
17
46
2
2
2
2
123
402
31
31
4
13
37
22
32
22
7
18
33
4
207
160
217
4,110
4
2
33
7
84
12
9
4
5
31
428
32
157
5
10
30
49
26
21
5
27
21
25
103
135
122
3,926
2
3
12
1
56
4
14
8
6
28
610
38
165
9
18
30
24
17
31
6
11
45
243
116
122
121
3,963
2
1
1
14
1
3
15
2
39
534
29
148
7
14
35
9
23
19
8
17
22
10
41
115
74
3,860
1
9
19
3
3
10
1
39
491
58
118
1
5
14
29
U
10
16
4
88
7
3
33
169
47
139
4,293
6
5
39
10
1
47
296
Immoral classes »»*o»**«o*»««*oooaeooo»a
STibver*sive or anarchi.s'ti.Ca .•<>•...••••••
65
111
Violators of narcotic laws ,,,«o
Mental or physical defectives:
Idiots and imbeciles 1/
Feeble minded aliens <>
Insane aliens or had been insane.,..
Psychopathic personality aliens. oo..
Eoilentics .......•■>..<i.«**.. ..••....
3
18
10
22
7
Mental Iv defective aliens. ........ ••
11
Chronic alcoholics ....oc...
Tubercular aliens ........o.....
Aliens afflicted with other
Aliens with defect which may
affect ability to earn a living,. ,
Likely to become public charges
Previously excluded, deported or
removed .................••.•••••. <>••.
3
27
27
2
16
201
Stowawavs .......•.....•.•.•••..<>••.•..*
2
Attempted entry without inspection or
bv false statements. >....... ••....o..
307
Attempted entry without proper
documents ....o.o.oooooA.oeooo.ooea,..
Paupers, professional beggars,
and vag rant s....o.<....o.«
Polygamists or advocate polygamy
Contract laborers ... ......a.. .•..*,.••.
2,125
Ineligible to citizenship o..
Previously departed from U.S. to
avoid service in armed forces,,,.....
2
32
3
Unable to read (over 16 yeai^ of age)..
Accompanying aliens ...a,.....,,,.....,.
3
4
Assisted aliens. ...........a... ........
2
Other ..,,. 0.
14
1/ Cause for exclusion under Immigration Act of February 5, 1917.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
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TABLE 23. VESSKT.S AND AIRPLAJiES INSPECTED, CHEWMEN ARRIVED AND EXAMINED, AND STOWAWAYS
AHRIVED, BY DISTRICTS: YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1953 AND 1954 1/
District
Vessels and airplanes inspected
Crewmen
Stowaways arrived
Arrived
Departed
Aliens
Citizens
Aliens
Vessels
Airplanes
Vessels and
airplanes 2/
Citieens
1954
All districts
52.878
102.184
16.121
1.U3.386
852.432
332
59
St, Albans, Vt
6,547
2,232
5,158
1,967
2,589
13,181
1,834
2,013
1,064
7,691
1,526
1,881
4,502
693
45.347
3,320
5,561
12,004
17
953
37,224
5,269
2,629
2,946
12,683
134
4,296
1,258
2,651
11,239
84.890
16
353
1,368
56
701
6,236
2,467
39
347
3,234
118
391
541
254
30.345
4,009
54,395
407,859
51,785
69,469
227,899
23,224
13,260
16,237
119,223
29,624
46,278
60,154
19,970
1.080.545
324
34,720
218,730
28,483
31,104
206,457
4,924
10,764
5,590
117,100
66,259
20,171
57,500
50,306
852.282
7
78
16
52
78
2
9
19
31
10
30
424
Boston, Mass. .•••••••••••
1
New York. N. Y.. .........
25
Philadelphia , Pa
2
Baltimore, Md..o. ••••••*•
12
Miami, Fla
5
Detroit, Mich
Chicago, m.....
Seattle, Wash
San Francisco, Calif.....
San Antonio, Tex. ........
8
El P»flo, T^x. ■ . . 0. . . .. • ..
Los Angeles, Calif
Honolulu, T. H
All districts
5
1
40
St. Albans, Vt
492
2,279
5,645
1,843
3,087
12,791
1,936
1,872
1,094
5,095
1,610
2,006
4,784
808
1,654
4,962
10,043
U
778
36,459
2,931
1,75S
1,290
5
6,929
138
3,561
2,165
3,514
8,688
10
607
8,631
307
1,318
7,552
450
70
162
3,828
153
695
1,045
5,517
2,716
59,449
391,893
48,084
81,308
222,208
9,469
11,312
5,628
95,569
32,087
51,267
52,452
17,103
659
35,257
236,083
23,840
30.574
211,024
5,359
16,638
6,266
90,763
65,716
20,858
48,549
60,696
12
131
18
92
67
17
21
26
22
18
Boston, Mass..,.,
New York, N. Y..
Philadelphia, Pa
4
24
3
Baltimore, Md
3
Miami, Fla
L
Detroit, Mich
Chicago, ni
_
Seattle, Wash. ...........
San Francisco, Calif
San Antonio , Tex. .,,•,.,.
1
EL Paso, Tex. ............
_
Los Angeles, Calif
Honolulu, T. H.....
1
1/ Each and every arrival or departure of the same vessel or crewnan counted separately.
2/ Separate figures for vessels and airplanes not available.
Ibiited States Department of Justice
Xmoigration and Naturalisation Service
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TABLE 2liA. ALIENS DEPORTED AND AUENS DKPARTING VOLUNTARILY:
TEARS ENDED JDN
E 30, 1892 TO 1951*
Period
Total
r '■■"■■■ ■
Aliens
Aliens dei>arting
deported
voluntarily 1/
1892 - 195U
5,la6,313
1*1*3,210
U.973.103
1892 - 1900
3,127
3,127
«»
1901 - 1910
11,558
11,558
-
1911 - 1920
27,912
27,912
«
1921 - 1930
161,.390
92.157
72.233
1921... •
h!5l7
1»,517
1922....
U,3U5
1*,3U5
-
1923....
3,661
3,661
•
I92I1....
6,U09
6,1*09
«
1925....
9,U95
9,h9S
•
1926..,.
10,90U
10,901*
-
1927....
26,67U
11,662
15,012
1928....
31,571
11,625
19,91*6
1929....
38,796
12,908
25,888
1930....
28,018
16,631
11,387
1931 - I9U0
210,Ul6
117.086
93,330
1931....
2^,861'
18;U2
11,719
1932....
30,201
19,1*26
10,775
1933....
30,212
19,865
10,31*7
193U.,..
16,889
8,879
8,010
1935....
16,297
8,319
7,978
1936....
17,Ui6
9,195
8,251
1937....
17,617
8,829
8,788
1938....
18,553
9,275
9,278
1939....
17,792
8,202
9,590
19U0....
15,5U8
6,95U
8,591*
i9ia - 1950
1,581,771*
110,81*9
1.U70.925
19UI....
16,m
U,l*07
6,531
19U2....
10,613
3,709
6,901*
19li3....
16,15U
1*,207
11,91*7
19U1....
39,1*1*9
7,179
32,270
19ii5....
80,760
11,270
69,1*90
1916....
116,320
ll*,375
101,91*5
19U7....
211*,5U3
18,663
195,880
191*8....
217,555
20,371
197,181*
19li9...,
296,337
20,0U0
276,297
1950....
579,105
6,628
572,1*77
1951
686,713
13,51*U
673,169
1952
723,959
20,181
703,778
1953
905,236
19,8U5
885,391
195U
1,101,228
26,951
1,07U,277
1/ Aliens departing voluntarily first recorded in 1927.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturaliiation Service
TABI£ 25. ALIENS DEPORTED, BI CODNTRI TO raiCH DEPORTED AND DEPCKTATTON EXPENSE:
TEAR ENDED JUIC 30, 1951*
Total
Deportation expense borne
by:
Country to which
dsported
Inmd grail on
and
Naturalisation
Service
Other
QoTemment
agencies
Steamship
ooopsnies
Airlines
AUens
deported
Aliens
re shipped
All countries
26,9?1 .
25.290
ni
319
15
1.182
31*
Europe.. •..*....
1,570
1.070
2
215
3
260
20
Denmark. ....••••••.
30
31*
25
103
200
19
351
75
102
90
118
1*0
299
11*
70
365
15
21
21
80
130
15
228
U8
58
61
69
28
2U3
13
UO
283
1
1
9
15
9
2
12
19
3
23
2U
26
11
29
10
20
12
29
2
1
1
3
2
10
1*6
1
100
2
13
16
20
31
15
la
Finland
1
France .•.•«••••••••
Gamany * ...........
1
Qreece ..••••....••.
3
TrQland... .....•..•
ItaLT
Netherlands. . ......
Norway. ............
1
5
1
Portu gal •.*•...•••*
Spain. .............
Sweden. .•...•«.....
2
United Kingdom
Xugoslavia. ........
5
Other Europe •
1
2
China. .............
1*1
25
1*1*
10
13
86
92
51*
21*, 703
2^
21
33
5
10
78
68
39
23.722
9
98
3
7
3
7
3
1
i
11
6
1
2
2
3
1
12
11*
823
m
India.. ••••••
Indonesia.. ..v
Japan. .............
2
Jordan. ............
Philippines
Other Asia..
-
5
Canada •.••««.*•*.*•
1,296
22,628
597
182
139
27
11*7
1,207
22,060
297
158
100
22
93
12
86
1
1
3
7
25
9
23
8
1
7
3
7U
1*71*
266
9
10
1*
1*1*
^
Mexi CO .•.......•*. •
West Indies
South America.
Africa. ..............
2
3
5
1
1
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalisation Service
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TABLE 30. PASSENGER TIIAVEL BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
BY PORT OF ARRIVAL OR DEPARTURE; YEAR ENDED JUNE 30. 195/t
Port
By aea and by air
Aliens
Citi-
ssens
Total
Aliens
By sea
Citi-
zens
Total
f'
Aliens
By air
Citi-
zens
Total
ARRIVED.
• o • e
New York, N, Y,
Chicopee, Mass....
Boston, Mass......
Philadelphia Pa...
Baltimore, Hd......
Norfolk, Vao ,
Miami, Fla ,
W, Palm Beach, Fla,
Key West, Fla...
San Juan, P. R. .
Virgin Islands .o
Tampa, Fla ,
Mobile, Ala
New Orleans, La....
Galvestu?., Tex. . . , .
San Francisco, Cal,
Portland, Ore,
Seattle, Wash...
Los Angeles, Cal
San Pedro, Cal,
Honolulu, T. H...
Other ports
• •
» . . o a
» . o o
DEPARTED.
New York, N. Y
Chicopee, Mass
Boston, Mass...,a.a
Philadelphia, Pa..o
Baltimore, JM.......
Norfolk, Va........
Miami, Fla.,.o.»a.o
W, Palm Beach, Fla,
Key West, Fla
San Juan, P. R
Virgin Islands
Tampa, Fla
Mobile, Ala
New Orleans , La ... ,
Galveston, Tex
San Francisco, Cal,
Portland, Ore.,..,,
Seattle, Wash.,,...
Los Angeles, Cal,,,
San Pedro, Cal
Honolulu, T, Ho...,
Other ports..,,,,..
603.264
l « 009 i^0 ?
1.612.767
245.606
?6l.Q6A
606.670
357.658
6^8.4 ? ?
1.006.097
327,187
2,421
20,774
1,298
1,132
264
119,192
6,667
6,910
21,072
11,669
4,673
898
12,629
103
10,866
135
4,019
2,652
5,546
21,607
21,550
442.742
228,855
1,127
6,476
457
810
118
110,982
2,543
5,925
13,783
13,302
4,153
237
10,39?
197
7,240
24
1,803
2,088
3,011
15,784
13,430
519,021
20,573
39,309
1,494
741
593
207,622
11,062
29,329
24,513
2,999
5,150
7,399
20,302
75
22,116
79
13,274
2,221
2,953
31,259
47,419
969.221
846,208
22,994
60,083
2,792
1,873
857
326,8U
17,729
36,239
45,585
14,668
9,823
8,297
32,931
178
32,982
214
17,293
4,873
8,499
52,866
68,969
181,911
4,808
1,130
1,115
160
6,365
401
12
2,461
11,230
497
591
1,628
103
9,567
135
2,981
5
5,401
3,766
11,339
172.623
254,559
13,338
984
683
439
26,593
1,055
13
3,087
2,236
400
1,298
2,414
75
21,568
79
12,436
4
2,870
4,034
12,899
392.715
436,470
18,146
2,114
1,798
599
32,958
1,456
25
5,548
13,466
897
1,889
4,042
178
31,135
214
15,a7
9
8,271
7,800
24,238
365.338
145,276
2,421
15,966
168
17
104
112,827
6,266
6,898
18,611
439
4,176
307
11,001
1,299
1,038
2,647
145
17,841
10,211
270.119
264,462
20,573
25,971
510
58
154
181,029
10,007
29,316
21,426
763
4,750
6,101
17,888
548
838
2,217
83
27,225
34,520
576.506
535,594
13,106
21,647
1,783
1,405
186
203,857
9,911
29,615
24,352
3,717
5,060
195
21,002
232
25,475
13
17,569
2,642
2,710
18,872
30,278
764,449
14,233
28,123
2,240
2,215
304
314,839
12,454
35,540
38,135
17,019
9,213
432
31,399
429
32,715
37
19,372
4,730
5,721
34,656
43,708
126,345
4,766
262
806
118
6,144
248
6
306
11,016
195
237
1,522
197
6,928
24
950
2,999
2,127
7,427
284,616
12,770
409
1,338
186
28, U7
1,230
18
1,198
2,029
200
195
3,951
232
25,441
13
15,188
2,695
1,156
11,433
410,961
17,536
671
2,144
304
34,561
1,478
24
1,504
13,045
395
432
5,473
429
32,369
37
16,138
5,694
3,283
13,860
102,510
1,127
1,710
195
4
104,838
2,295
5,919
13,477
2,286
3,958
8,875
312
853
2,088
12
13,657
6,003
250,978
13,106
8,877
1,374
67
175,440
8,681
29,597
23,154
1,688
4,860
17,051
34
2,381
2,642
15
17,716
18,845
409,738
22,994
41,937
678
75
258
293,856
16,273
36,214
40,037
1,202
8,926
6,408
28,889
1,847
1,876
4,864
228
45,066
44,731
846.625
353,488
14,233
10,587
1,569
71
280,278
10,976
35,516
36,631
3,974
8,818
25,926
346
3,234
4,730
27
31,373
24,848
1/ Exclusive of travel over international land boundaries.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE 31. PASSENGERS ARRIVED IN THE UNITED STATES FROM FOREIGN COUI^TRIES,
BY COUNTRY OF EMBARKATION; YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1954 1/
Country of
embarkation
All countries.
Surope
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Gibraltar
Greece
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Lxixembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Trieste
Turkey in Europe.
United Kingdom. . .
Yugoslavia,
Asia
Aden
Bahrein
Bonin Volcano Is.
Burma
Ceylon
China
Cyprus
French India
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Korea
Kuwait
Lebanon
Malaya
Pakistan
Philippines
Ryukjni Islands . . .
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Syria
Thailand
Turkey in Asia.. .
Vietnam
By sea and by air
Aliens
603.264
221,218
6,549
5,627
486
46,114
36,900
860
3,079
889
9,886
27,955
1
829
26,013
6,476
3,697
6,470
7,672
3,781
35
151
99,661
207
37.353
9
6
3
36
297
2
3,117
317
47
1
8
2,574
20,168
1,205
5
561
57
2
8,545
175
22
32
57
105
Citi-
zens
l|00?i503
428.436
7,099
5,734
187
95,531
70,136
2,776
3,932
1,389
16,155
53,142
12
39
24,244
5,656
2
6,977
3,777
7,167
5,481
400
330
118,133
136
70.185
3
1
2
46
375
2
1
1,795
322
38
21
1,392
48,120
240
2
1,222
116
2
9,945
4,399
1,965
62
37
67
6
4
total
1-612.767
721.774
1
13,648
11,361
673
141,645
107,036
3,636
7,011
2,278
26, oa
81,097
13
868
50,257
12,132
2
10,674
10,247
14,839
9,262
435
481
217,794
343
107.538
By sea
Aliens
245.606
184.080
9
9
1
5
82
672
4
1
4,912
639
85
1
29
3,966
68,288
1,445
7
1,783
173
4
18,490
4,574
1,987
94
94
172
6
6
766
1,951
275
26,707
24,636
860
2,434
62
6,097
23,548
829
16,085
4,769
1,358
3,151
5,059
35
126
65,125
207
21.160
Citi-
zens
361.064
2?2 ./t84
24
284
2
2,110
165
47
1
1,546
11,125
1,205
5
198
56
4,116
153
6
30
57
13
315
1,502
66
61,931
28,787
2,776
2,401
74
6,223
37,111
39
11,877
3,947
2
1,793
1,256
4,860
400
327
66,661
136
:39.892
3
1
25
230
2
1
1,028
206
38
352
27,679
236
2
582
116
4,951
4,308
8
51
37
27
6
3
Total
606.670
416,564
1,081
3,453
341
88,638
53,423
3,636
4,835
136
12,320
60,659
868
27,962
8,716
2
3,151
4,407
9,919
435
453
131,786
343
61,052
9
9
1
49
514
4
1
3,138
371
85
1
1,898
38,804
1,441
7
780
172
9,067
4,461
14
81
94
40
6
5
Aliens
357.658
109,258
5,783
3,676
211
19,407
12,264
645
827
3,789
4,407
9,928
1,707
2,339
3,319
2,613
3,781
25
34,536
16.193
3
12
13
1,007
152
1,028
9,043
363
1
2
4,429
22
16
2
92
By air
Citi-
zens
648.439
195.9 52
1
6,784
4,232
121
33,600
41,349
1,531
1,315
9,932
16,031
12
12,367
1,709
5,184
2,521
2,307
5,481
3
51,472
30,29 3
2
21
145
767
116
21
1,040
20,441
4
640
2
4,994
91
1,957
11
40
1
Total
1.006.097
305.210
1
12,567
7,908
332
53,007
53,613
2,176
2,142
13,721
20,438
13
22,295
3,416
7,523
5,840
4,920
9,262
28
86,008
46.486
5
33
158
1,774
268
29
2,068
29,484
4
1,003
1
4
9,423
113
1,973
13
132
1
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
T4BLE 31. PASSENGERS AR'RIVED IN THE UNITED STATES FHOM FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
BY COUNTRY OF EMBARMTICN: YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1954 l/ (Cont'd)
Country of
embarkation
North America
Canada
Greenland
Mexico
West Indies
Bermuda
British West Indies...
Bahama Islands
Barbados
Jamaica
Leeward Islands
Trinidad & Tobago...
Windvfard Islands
Other Br. W. Ind....
Cuba
Dominican Republic ....
Guadeloupe
Haiti
Martinique
Neth. VIest Indies
Central America
British Honduras
Canal Zone & Panama...
' Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
British Guiana
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
French Guiana
Paraguay
Peru
Surinam (Neth. Guiana)..
Unaguay
Venezuela
Flag of carrier:
United States
Foreign
By sea and
Aliens
206.082
23,561
45
8,102
153,944
' )y air
Citi-
zens
453.332
10,145
46.128
14,598
1,527
14,505
12,377
3,028
88
5
83,367
5,364
837
3,852
1,041
3,210
20.430
17
6,921
1,754
3,122
3,764
2,871
1,981
6,962
173
8,941
493
1,468
13,263
2,939
21
92
5,181
124
534
15,715
255,959
347,305
45,693
4,564
8,245
357.459
81,367
92.702
65,895
779
18,032
3,761
4,165
10
60
163,304
8,522
255
8,083
329
2,897
37,371
Total
659. a4
69,254
4,609
16,347
511.403
91,512
138.830
28,411
1,360
1,155
2,913
2,686
838
38.462
2,837
256
7,071
263
1,338
5,055
989
33
113
4,691
71
283
15,462
650,941
358,562
80,493
2,306
32,537
16,138
7,193
98
65
246,671
13,886
1,092
11,935
1,370
6,107
37.801
25
35,332
3,114
4,277
6,677
5,557
2*819
94.368
Aliens
30,240
4,508
1
909
22.700
r;676
12.479
557
5
315
11,147
447
3
5
7,718
186
20
320
9
292
2.122
9,799
429
16,012
756
2,806
18,318
3,928
54
205
9,872
195
817
31,177
906,900
705,867
17
1,093
164
14
209
577
48
7,A9 3
By sea
Citi-
zens
78.631
11,873
9
385
? 3. 835
14,652
10,823
7,051
1
394
2,200
1,115
2
60
26,376
129
1
1,377
4
473
12.529
Total
108.871
16,381
10
1,294
76, 5 3^
16,328
23,302
2,120
1,
9
497
591
196
302
11
130
1,769
60,850)178
]84,756pS2
11,245
155
3
319
783
24
6.755
1,467
1,675
58
514
431
268
2
459
2
49
1,830
,463
,601
7,608
6
709
13,347
1,562
5
65
34,094
315
21
1,697
13
765
14.651
17
12,338
319
17
528
1,360
72
14.248
Aliens
175.842
19,053
44
7,193
131.244
8,469
33.649
14,041
1,522
14,190
1,230
2,581
85
75,649
5,178
817
3,532
1,032
2,918
18.308
3,587
3,543
67
1,011
1,022
464
2
761
13
179
3,599
239,313
367,357
5,828
1,590
3,108
3,555
2,294
1,933
48. W
By air
Citi-
zens
374.701
33,820
4,555
7,860
303,624
66,715
81.879
58,844
778
17,638
1,561
3,050
8
136,928
8,393
254
6,706
325
2,424
24.842
4,842
173
7,073
484
971
12,672
2,743
21
92
4,879
113
404
13,946
195,109
162,549
8
17,166
1,205
1,152
2,594
1,903
814
31,707
Total
550.543
52,873
4,599
15,053
434.868
75,184
115,528
72,885
2,300
31,828
2,791
5,631
93
212,577
13,571
1,071
10,238
1,357
5,342
43.150
1,370
256
5,396
205
824
4,624
721
31
113
4,232
69
234
13,632
472,478
175,961
22,994
2,795
4,260
6,149
4,197
2,747
80,120
6,212
429
12,469
689
1,795
17,296
3,464
52
205
9,111
182
638
27,578
667,587
338,510
1/ Exclusive of travel over land borders.
United States Department of Justice
Iramigrition and Naturalization Service
TABLE 31. PASSENGERS ARRIVED IN THE UNITED STATES FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
BY COUNTRY OF E^SARK'\TION; YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, I954 \J (Cont'd)
Country of
embarkation
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Belgian Congo
Caraeroons , Fr
Cape Verde Islands
Egypt ,
French V/est Africa
Cold Coast
Kenya
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Morocco, French ,
Mozambique
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
Somaliland, Fr
Tanganyika ,
Tangier
Tunisia ,
Union of South Africa ,
Zanzibar ..,
Other U.K. Ter. & Dep ,
Oceania ,
Australia
British Solomon Islands....,
Fiji
French Oceania
New Caledonia ,
New Guinea
New Zealand ,
Pacific Islands (U.S. Adm.),
VJake & Midway Islands
Yap
Other U.K. Ter. & Dep
By sea and by air
Aliens
1,656
19
1
25
1
3
460
24
51
3
164
83
2
109
15
30
8
5
12
1
640
8.929
4,970
9
563
5
6
3
1,758
1,455
112
48
Citi-
zens
5,777
22
9
120
1
15
701
56
109
5
348
186
1
3,329
21
3i
12
15
25
5
24
735
2
5
1 3, 311
1,846
26
553
10
1
7
486
8,347
1,898
132
5
Total
7.433
a
10
145
2
18
1,161
80
160
8
512
269
3
3,438
36
61
12
23
30
17
25
1,375
2
5
22,240
6,816
35
1,116
15
7
10
2,244
9,802
2,010
180
5
By sea
Aliens
849
3
1
15
1
3
194
4
13
3
102
3
2
75
15
30
5
12
360
1.784
891
26
5
6
3
370
479
Citi-
zens
2,146
1
9
40
1
15
155
23
40
5
181
77
1
984
21
31
12
15
25
5
503
2
1.156
267
20
10
1
5
51
796
1
5
Total
Aliens
2,995
4
10
55
2
18
349
27
53
8
283
80
3
1,059
36
61
12
23
30
17
863
2
2 ,940
1,158
46
15
7
8
421
1,275
5
5
807
16^
10
266
20
38
62
80
34
1
280
7.H 5
4,079
9
537
1,388
976
112
44
By air
Citi-
zens
3,631
21
80
546
33
69
167
109
2,345
24
232
12.155
1,579
26
533
2
435
7,551
1,898
131
Total
4,438
37
90
812
53
107
229
189
2,379
25
512
5
19.300
5,658
35
1,070
2
1,823
8,527
2,010
175
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE 32. PASSENGERS DEPARTED FROM THE UNITED STATES TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
BY COUNTRY OF DEBARKATION: YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1954 1/
^
Country of
debarkation
Bv sea and bv air
Aliens
Citi-
zens
Total
By sea
Aliens
Citi-
zens
Total
iy »ir
Aliens
Citi-
zens
Total
All countries,
Europe
Austria ,
Belgium
Denmark ,
Finland ,
France ,
Hungary ,
Germany ,
Gibraltar ,
Greece ,
Iceland ,
Ireland ,
Italy ,
Luxembourg ,
Malta ,
Netherlands ,
Norway ,
Portugal ,
Spain ,
Svreden
Switzerland
Trieste ,
Turkey ,
United Kingdom.,,
Yugoslavia ,
Asia
Aden
Bahrein
Burma ,
Ceylon ,
China ,
Hong Kong
India ,
Indonesia ,
Iran ,
Iraq.
Israel
Japan
Korea
Lebanon
Malaya
Pakistan
Philippines
Ryukyu Islands . . .
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Syria
Thailand
Vietnam
kk2,lk2
96Q,221
1,411,963
172,623
392,715
565,338
270,119
576,506
846,625
199.322
^^.219
3,706
4,600
323
37,394
13,696
571
2,481
509
4,956
15,439
7
2
l't,817
5,674
2,348
2,880
6,812
3,319
1
67
79,574
146
17,415
3
6,593
5,785
208
89,004
3
85,558
3,326
5,568
1,578
17,130
53,024
18
1
25,369
6,777
8,261
4,256
9,037
5,950
104
762
113,745
159
60.815
641.541
120.681
2
8
2
4
298
819
223
23
25
3
1,286
9,389
108
569
17
4
4,345
145
58
51
30
6
5
1
7
14
719
1,147
503
64
3
22
2,093
41,157
46
1,787
105
3
6,619
4,822
1,148
237
4
228
81
3
10,299
10,385
531
126,398
3
99,254
3,897
8,049
2,087
22,086
68,463
25
3
40,186
12,451
10,609
7,136
15,849
9,269
105
829
193,319
305
78.230
253.20 7
373,888
78.641
189,012
7
9
9
18
1,017
1,966
726
87
28
25
3,379
50,546
154
2,356
122
7
10,964
4,967
1,206
288
4
258
87
825
1,895
164
23,720
8,429
571
2,099
84
3,035
12,172
2
7,161
4,455
1,170
1,168
4,730
1
1
55
48,798
146
8,133
1,090
1,777
78
56,493
3
44,801
3,326
4,034
92
9,369
35,729
1
12,480
4,668
2,439
1,866
6,324
17
104
747
67,610
159
^.332
1,915
3,672
242
80,213
3
53,230
3,897
6,133
176
12,404
47,901
3
19,641
9,123
3,609
3,034
11,054
18
105
802
116,408
305
50,465
2,881
2,705
159
13,674
5,267
382
425
1,921
3,267
7
7,656
1,219
1,178
1,712
2,082
3,318
12
30,776
9,282
1
246
583
108
19
1
681
4,216
108
249
17
3
1,704
137
16
24
14
4
5
4
577
636
334
51
741
30,168
46
918
101
2
3,721
4,739
20
102
4
120
43
5
823
1,219
442
70
1
1,422
34,384
154
1,167
118
5
5,425
4,876
36
126
4
134
47
8
2
3
52
236
115
4
24
3
605
5,173
320
1
2,6a
8
42
27
16
2
3
5,503
4,008
130
32,511
40,757
1,534
1,486
7,761
17,295
18
12,889
2,109
5,822
2,390
2,713
5,933
15
46,135
18.483
267,65 3
3
8,384
6,713
289
46,185
46,024
1,916
1,911
9,682
20,562
25
20,545
3,328
7,000
4,102
4,795
9,251
27
76,911
27.765
1
7
10
142
511
169
13
3
22
1,352
10,989
869
4
1
2,898
83
1,128
135
108
38
9
9
13
194
747
284
17
27
25
1,957
16,162
1,189
4
2
5,539
91
1,170
162
124
40
United States Department of Justice
, — 1 r^r^A ^Tj_,
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TABLE 32. PASSENGERS DEPARTED FROM THE UNITED STATES TO FOREIGN CCUNTRIKS,
BY COUNTRY OF DEBARKATION: YEAR ENDED JUNE 30. 1954 i/ (Cont'd)
Country of
debarkation
By sea and by air
Aliens
Citi-
zens
Total
Aliens
By sea
Citi-I Total
zens
Aliens
By air
Citi-
zens
Total
North America
Canada
Greenland
Mexico
West Indies
Bermuda
British V/est Indies
Bahama Islands...
Barbados
Jamaica
Leeward Islands..
Trinidad & Tobago
Vv^indward Islands.
Cuba
> Dominican Republic.
Guadeloupe
Haiti
Martinique .........
Neth. West Indies..
Central America
British Honduras , . ,
Canal Zone & Panama
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
British Guiana
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
French Gvdana
Paraguay
Peru
Surinam(Neth. Guiana)
Uruguay
Venezuela
Flag of carrier:
United States
Foreign , .
164.378
),9U
16
6,401
407.936
8,845
39.208
16,564
2,124
10,809
346.906
^72,^14
13,852
956
9,741
12,333
2,179
147
75,710
4,807
605
3,221
695
2,338
15.588
77,663
87.081
23,508
2,140
17,210
482.335
26.848
86,508
126.289
4,010
158
21.101
82.740 109.588
17
4,490
1,618
2,773
2,714
2,380
1,596
49.717
63,451
994
15,415
3,397
3,819
5
158,281
11,177
360
8,881
478
2,985
31.533
5,524
286
9,234
376
1,508
11,495
2,083
89
31
3,9a
163
488
14,499
190,216
252,526
2^
22,717
1,402
1,246
2,716
2,402
1,024
39.837
77,303
1,950
25,156
15,730
5,998
152
233,991
15,984
965
12,102
1,173
5,323
47.121
1,639
11.849
11,583
220
59.742
15,593
378
80.843
1 37,530
2,934
16
6,243
114.328
325.196
17,721
11.705
43
27,207
3,020
4,019
5,430
4,782
2,620
89.554
416
94
113
10,976
235
15
6,695
236
11
430
7
234
1.579
8,073
175
425
2,018
1,014
28,042
956
4
842
472
11.195
19,360
23.554
7,206
27.359
4,981
2,124
10,589
287.164
462.726
8,489
269
538
12,994
1,249
15
34,737
1,192
15
1,272
7
706
12 .774
13,436
862
9,628
1,357
1,944
132
69,015
4,571
594
2,791
59,942
75.376
7,915
2,140
16,832
401,492
67,148
102.735
2,104
14.009
2,605
267
6,828
189
1,358
5,754
1,056
32
29
4,532
78
440
16,669
604,719
364,502
8,129
553
16,062
565
2,866
17,249
3,139
121
60
8,473
241
928
31,168
794,935
617,028
829
102
74
160
401
13
11 .765
9,942
172
6
311
761
3
8,010
2,153
3,619
5
662
1,234
143
2
485
15
174
3,273
40,949
131,674
1,217
1,853
2
633
632
198
7
586
5
185
2,692
191,987
200,728
10,771
274
80
471
1,162
16
19.77 ^
3,370
5,472
7
1,295
1,866
341
9
1,071
20
359
5,965
232,936
332,402
17
3,661
1,516
2,699
2,554
1,979
1,583
37,952
55,378
819
14,990
1,379
2,805
5
130,239
10,221
356
8,039
478
2,513
20,338
3,371
286
5,615
371
1,846
10,261
1,940
87
31
3,456
148
314
11,226
149,267
120,852
26
12,775
1,230
1,240
2,405
1,641
1,021
31.827
68,814
1,681
24,618
2,736
4,749
137
199,254
14,792
950
10,830
1,166
4,617
34.347
1,388
267
4,975
187
725
5,122
858
25
29
3,946
73
255
13,977
412,732
163,774
43
16,436
2,746
3,939
4,959
3,620
2,604
69.779
4,759
553
10,590
558
1,571
15,383
2,798
112
60
7,402
221
569
25,203
561,999
284,626
1/ Exclusive of travel over land borders.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE 32. PASSENGERS DEPARTED FROM THE UNITED STATES TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES,
BY COUNTRY OF DEBARKATION; YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 195k l/ (Cont'd)
Country of
debarkation
By sea and by air
Aliens
Citi-
zens
Total
Aliens
By sea
Citi-
zens
Total
Aliens
By air
Citi-
zens
Total
Africa ,
Algeria
Angola
Belgian Congo
Cameroons , Br
Cameroons, Fr ,
Cape Verde Islands
Egypt ,
Ethiopia ,
French West Africa ,
Gambia ,
Gold Coast ,
Kenya
Liberia ,
Libya
Madagascar
Morocco, French ,
Morocco, Spanish ,
Mozambique ,
Nigeria ,
Sierra Leone ,
Tanganyika ,
Tunisia ,
Union of South Africa
Oceania
Australia ,
Fiji
French Oceania
New Zealand
Pacific Islands (U,S. Adm. ),
V,'ake and Midvray Islands
Yap
1,748
9,831
11,579
948
4,283
5,231
800
16
5
47
1
1
19
406
49
28
2
146
367
2
109
2
6
13
10
3
516
10.162
5,432
660
37
2,965
995
46
27
65
8
187
7
11
10
1,228
7
168
3
123
73
470
1,613
4,710
41
108
15
24
17
943
8. 5 8 ?
2,917
557
75
964
3,008
987
75
81
13
234
8
12
29
1,634
7
217
3
151
75
616
1,980
2
4,819
2
47
121
25
24
20
1,459
18.745
8,349
1,217
112
3,929
4,003
1,033
102
7
5
44
1
1
19
248
32
10
2
93
2
6
13
10
365
4.248
2,029
116
37
1,681
383
40
8
126
7
11
10
474
100
3
30
73
121
398
2,006
41
108
15
24
688
2.14 3
47
13
170
8
12
29
722
132
3
40
75
214
398
2
2,094
2
47
121
25
24
1,053
6.391
9
3
158
17
18
53
367
21
5,548
25
61
754
7
68
93
349
1,215
2,704
1,105
71
75
465
426
3,134
187
112
2,146
809
3
151
5 .914
3,403
5U
1,284
612
46
25
17
255
6.440
1,812
486
499
2,582
987
74
6,348
34
64
912
7
85
111
402
1,582
2,725
20
406
12.354
5,215
1,030
1,783
3,194
1,033
99
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
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1
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I
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lA HS On
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1
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rHtM|mkf|IA|
TABIB 3U. ALIENS WHO RKPORTED UNDER THE ALIEN ADDRESS HlOCffiAM,
BY NATIONALITT l/: DURING 19Sh
Nationality
Total
nvuaber
Nationality
Total
number
Nationality
Total
niusber
All nationalities
Europe
Albania
Andorra
Austria
Austria-Hungary . . . . .
Belgium
Bulgaria
CiiechosloTakia
Dansig, (Free City of)
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany .............
Great Britain
Qreece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland .............
Italy
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg ..........
Monaco
Netherlands
Nonray
Poland
Portugal
Rumania
San Marino ..........
Spain
Sireden
SifLtzerland
Trieste .............
Turkey
U.S.S.R
Yugoslavia ..........
2.365.811
1.^29.856
55
iiO,8W*
5,14*7
9,355
1,791
37,717
29k
11,387
11,971
17,6lii
28,863
191,U56
211, OWi
36,513
Uo,731
698
li8,928
189,915
1*0,320
73
U7,675
695
k9
23,98U
22,91*0
231,1*01
30,395
16,236
5U2
1U,618
26,262
12,379
233
7,787
116,735
50,1*52
Asia ,
Afghanistan <
Arabian Peninsula ...
Bhutan
Burma ,
Ceylon ........<
China ,
India
Indonesia ,
Iran ,
Iraq ,
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Lebanon
Muscat
Nepal
Pakistan ............
Palestine ...........
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Syria ,
Thailand
North America
Canada
Mexico
West Indies .........
Cuba
Dominican Republic,
Haiti
Central America . . . . .
Costa Rica ........
Guatemala .........
Honduras ..........
Nicaragua .........
P anama ............
Panama Canal Zone .
Salvador
171.008
81
1*13
16
li*8
51*
32,9U5
1,1*28
199
2,179
882
3,866
72,360
1,169
2,381*
3,751*
18
59
399
1,097
1*1*, 007
53
3,U22
75
609,712
250, 9U3
3U*,771
28.01*0
20,358
6,650
1,032
15.958
1,736
1,561*
2,069
3,975
3,375
107
3,132
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brasil .,
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador ...............
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Africa
Egypt
Ethiopia
Liberia
Union of South Africa .
Australia
U. S. and possessions 2/.
United States
American Samoa
Guam
Midway Island
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
U. S. possessions not
specified
Unknown and not reported.
19.806
3,11*8
551
2,881
1,1*61
1*,769
3,002
li*6
1,71*6
367
1,735
1.978
752
1*1
118
1,067
^ .861
19.216
17,560
89
623
67
133
77
667
8.371*
1/ Figures do not include 31,396 alien address reports that were inoonplete and lll*,106 aliens in the
~ United States in temporarj status.
2/ Persons who filed siddress reports because their citizenship status was in doubt.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABIE 35. ALHUS WHO REPORTED UNDER THE ALIEN ADDRESS PROGRAM, BY SEUSCTED
NATIONALITIES AND STATES OF RESIDQJOE l/: DURING l9Sk
State of
residenca
All
nation-
alities
Germany
Great
Britain
Italy
Poland
U.S.SJl. Canada
Mexico
Total
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware •
District of Columbia
Florida ,
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois ,
Indiana
lorra ................
Kansas ..............
Kentucky ............
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Uassachvisetts .......
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi .........
Missouri ............
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota ........
Ohio
Oklahoma ............
2»36g.8U
191. U56
ZU.OUi
2321212.
231. Uoi
116.735
250.9ii3
31i^.771
3,108
23,359
1,800
363,730
15,923
69,162
2,917
11,172
3U,522
U,li21
Ii,052
U4l,l75
2U,5o5
10,720
7,315
3,505
8,ia2
18,115
2h,689
123,37U
lia,l53
22,850
1,597
17,621
5,261
8,106
2,878
9,908
125,853
7,hlh.
5lh,569
h,6lh
3,567
97,212
l;,0l4l
960
UlO
353
15,008
2,lii8
3,953
313
96k
2,281
1,001
336
17,273
3,053
2,261
1,022
853
712
331
3,019
3,605
9,672
2,U21
2m
2,885
576
1,526
197
325
16,332
las
51,869
725
li95
10,736
7U0
590
589
229
27,71i4
1,101
6,050
U37
1,607
7,633
850
3li6
7,758
2,Uil
907
652
616
i,ili5
1,078
2,928
10,117
16,U1U
1,116
285
1,538
U66
380
229
767
13,620
UOl
59,506
91*2
UiO
8,078
583
71
138
109
16,237
916
12,639
253
770
1,157
108
86
6,193
5li;
337
lOU
136
1,1;32
396
2,955
13,537
6,5U9
23U
103
1,815
126
158
29U
188
19,701*
109
71,057
68
11*
7,660
87
71
121*
96
5,768
83U
13,06l4
570
625
752
232
1*7
29,161
3,1*73
572
181*
175
268
388
3,219
ll*,890
22,735
1,765
U7
1,971*
269
558
28
991*
21,398
51*
68,039
180
158
12,888
152
35
130
63
10,8U6
1,221*
i*,317
237
637
622
105
89
8,51*7
885
1*17
295
71*
71*
278
2,51*9
5,1*25
6,039
1,367
25
1,115
199
561
27
333
10,328
38
38,796
92
2i*7
5,397
115
332
1,512
158
1*2,558
869
7,110
199
858
7,077
501
787
5,681*
1,759
685
571
326
hk3
13,061i
1,1*18
29,103
36,661i
3,186
11*7
1,006
1,332
31*1*
365
1*,870
1*,535
2li8
33,1*56
529
1,001*
5,771*
1*1*0
53
18,025
157
112,692
3,1*71
51
10
109
262
31
150
8,202
3,017
658
2,6U5
19
U66
13
72
101
3,928
1*12
26
1,331
322
956
1*12
2
211*
5,239
1,669
21
15
1,265
670
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE 35. ALIENS WHO REPCETED UNDER THE ALIEN ADDRESS PROGRAM, BY SEI£CTED
NATIONALITIES AND STATES OF RESIDENCE 1/: DURING 195U (Contid)
State of
residence
All
nation-
alities
Germany
Great
Britain
Italy
Poland
U.S.SJt.
Canada
Mexico
All
other
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota ..........*..
Tennessee ..*
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington ...............
West Virginia ............
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Territories and possessions!
Alaska
Guam ,....
Hawaii
Panama Canal Zone
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Outside the United States . .
Unknown or not reported . . . .
17,551
105,179
18,712
2,17U
2,0U8
3,U36
167,379
10,877
6,913
11,153
Ii7,07li
6,996
27,079
2,1;10
1,776
1,382
59,912
6
3,152
1,610
3,317
3,022
1,282
10,868
568
1415
392
595
3,hSh
1,810
199
1,805
2,818
383
6,887
203
226
3
2U9
12
226
1,689
10,112
2,385
li8l
153
638
3,62li
l,Ui47
U35
2,Ii8U
U,13U
603
1,U01
186
101
16
310
lii6
1,2U5
59
hh2
521
13,761
3,517
30
11
350
916
268
178
333
1,U88
1,262
592
Ik
18
51
31
2
7
251
327
15,887
1,682
96
U9
232
978
37
318
532
9U3
779
3,i*80
ii3
12
1
15
10
205
51i2
10,218
620
35
71
122
379
39
158
395
1,0U8
315
907
122
55
25
1
U
151
5,260
3,696
3,115
2li8
21;5
396
2,332
798
li,8l6
1,238
15,027
219
1,297
215
6U2
6
278
63
7
1,878
253
292
569
2k
7
26
hS
1U2,667
529
7
kS
808
62
721
606
16
3
kk
70
1
1,205
308
7,638
U0,068
6,801
862
1,101
1,058
12,999
5,9k9
832
U,321
20,808
3,373
11,79U
961
706
1,353
58,9UO
6
2,79l4
355
U*2
1,186
1/ Figures do not include 31,396 alien address reports that were inconplete and llit,106 aliens in
~ the United States in tenporary status.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE 36. ALIENS TNHO REPORTED UNDER THE ALIEN ADDRESS PROGRAM, BY SEIEGTED
NATIONALITIES AND BY RURAL AND URBAN AREA AND CITY l/: DURING 195U
Class of place
and city
Total 2/
Rural
Urban
City total
Los Angeles, Calif...
Oakland, Calif
Sacramento, Calif. . . .
San Diego, Calif
San Francisco, Calif.
Denver, Colo
Bridgeport, Conn
Hartford, Conn
New Haven, Conn
Washington, D. C
Miami, Fla
Chicago, 111
Baltimore, Md
Boston, Mass
Fall River, Mass
Worcester, Mass
Detroit, Mich
Minneapolis, Minn....
St. Louis, Mo
Jersey City, N. J....
Newark, N. J
Paterson, N. J.......
Buffalo, N. Y
New York, N. Y
Rochester, N. Y
Syracuse, N. Y
Cleveland, Ohio
Portland, Ore
Philadelphia, Pa
Pittsburgh, Pa
Providence, R. I.,..,
El Paso, Texas
Houston, Texas
San Antonio, Texas . . ,
Salt Lake City,Utah. .
Seattle, Wash
Milwaukee , Wis
Other cities
U. S. territories and
possessions
All other
All
nation-
alities
2. 36$. 611
291.967
719.2li6
1.277.516
37,729
9,699
8,519
7,282
U0,960
7,630
6,976
9,363
5,396
11,172
12,607
108,09li
17,3U8
27,71*6
U,839
5,516
7U,918
8,355
8,857
6,81i6
16,875
7,671
20,223
371,833
12,23U
6,125
ai,553
8,967
3U,910
10,307
7,508
21,U01
10,12U
13,207
6,959
20,621
13,311i
183,831;
67,838
9,21^2
Germany
191.U56
26.6U6
56.652
107.116
3,58U
507
311
265
2,589
1,169
282
li62
3li9
961;
570
12,178
1,711
9U2
^9
170
h,3S9
700
1,U38
771;
1,515
759
1,881;
35,613
1,307
51;5
3,979
591
1;,191
1,133
261
227
558
USo
i,l;52
956
3,519
11;, 783
522
520
Great
Britain
211.0l4li
27.600
65 , ^?
mi.875
57953
952
J;28
7l;2
3,373
598
577
81;9
398
1,607
2,811
1;,387
1,1;77
2,3l;9
193
283
9,156
1;23
509
555
1,126
Jil)i
1,607
k3,h99
1,062
515
1,926
85t>
3,1;69
975
61;8
177
622
1;22
939
1,823
535
16,610
1,818
792
Italy
189.915
I6.82U
^U,176
llS. ^UO
1,U00
689
1;65
168
3,158
1;28
1,291;
1,51;3
1,169
770
223
1;,381;
2,1;76
3,763
61
h2h
1;,685
36
1,270
1,182
3,259
2,271
1,919
52,160
2,117
969
2,97U
3l;8
3,81;7
1,688
2,2U8
39
2h9
98
80
631;
305
13,257
102
1;73
Poland
231. UOl
20.288
56.527
151;. 120
2,827
220
80
120
805
628
958
1,935
783
625
327
26,1;38
2,909
2,255
U98
821;
1I;,116
817
1,026
1,837
3,060
1,0140
5,309
l;7,l;0l;
1,330
1,191
7,115
215
5,387
1,593
576
29
252
161
25
1;37
2,057
16,911
31
1;35
U.S.S.R.
116.735
8 ,05 ^
22.588
8^.72 6
3,760
170
159
77
3,U35
571
1;1;7
862
791
637
278
7,8ia
2,285
2,Ol;6
89
251;
3,967
875
51;2
61;9
2,31i;
921
1,358
30,583
1,168
597
3,395
375
6,275
61;0
351;
12
110
h3
32
1;96
khS
6,872
81
285
Canada
25D.9l;3
U6.516
99.679
101.228
17^
1,063
651;
1,179
2,215
1;59
269
1,221
307
858
1,736
3,086
636
5,551
562
758
18,903
1,117
252
169
3l;0
96
1;,651;
10,057
1,799
9l;3
1,531;
2,612
857
1;37
708
106
521;
197
375
6,533
hho
18,770
996
2,521;
Mexico
311;. 771
1^5.385
11^5.271;
122.101
33,666
1,258
l,9l;0
2,991
2,865
850
3
2
3
109
61;
6,215
38
23
2
3
1,966
76
166
10
23
20
50
1,366
11
13
122
72
lOl
92
15
20,121
5,997
10,1;59
205
97
1;32
30,650
131;
1,877
All
other
859.51;6
100 .65 3
218.391
l;7l;.012
27,258
1;,81;0
1;,1;82
l,7l;0
22,520
2,927
3,ll;6
2,1;89
1,296
5,602
6,598
1;3,565
5,816
10,817
3,395
2,810
17,761;
1;,311
3,651;
1,670
5,238
2,150
3,14;2
151,151
3,hkO
1,352
20,508
3,898
10,780
3,7l;9
2,698
690
1,812
l,3l;7
3,851
9,61;5
5,580
65,981
61;,15U
2,336
1/ Rural - Population of less than 2,500. Urban - Population of 2,500 to 99,999.
Cities - Population of 100,000 or over.
2/ Does not include 31,396 alien address reports that were incomplete, and lll;,106
eiliens in temporary status.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE 37. DECIARATI0N3 OF INTENTION FIXED, PETITIOKS FOR NATURALIZATION FILED,
AND miSONS NATURALIZED: TEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1907 TO 195U
Period
1907 - 1951i
1907 - 1910
1911 - 1920
1911 ....
1912 ....
1913 ....
19lli ..».
1915 ....
1916 ....
1917 ....
1918 ....
1919 ....
1920 ....
1921 - 1930
1921 ....
1922 ....
1923 ....
192U ....
1925 ....
1926 ....
1927 ....
1928 ....
1929 ....
1930 ....
1931 - 19U0
1931 ....
1932 ....
1933 ....
193U ....
1935 ....
1936 ....
1937 ....
1938 ....
1939 ....
19U0 ....
19U1 - 1950
19lil ....
19U2 ....
19U3 ....
19UU ....
19U5 ....
19U6 ....
19U7 ....
19U8 ....
19U9 ....
1950 ....
1951
1952
1953
195U
Declara-
tions
filed
8.ait7.62U
526,322
2.686.909
189, 2U9
171,133
182,095
2lU,10l4
2U7,958
209, 20U
l;iiO,65l
3lt2,283
391,156
299,076
2.709.03i;
303, 90U
273,511
296,636
U2U,51iO
277,218
277,539
258,295
25I;,588
280, 6U5
62,138
1.369.U79
106,272
101,3i45
83,0U6
108,079
136,52Ji
m8,ll8
176,195
150,673
155,691
203,536
920, 28U
22li,123
221,796
115, 66U
U2,368
31,195
28,787
37,771
60,187
61i,866
93,527
91,U97
lll,U6l
23,558
9,100
Petitions
filed
7.369.Uli6
l6ii,036
1.381.38U
7U, 7U0
95,661
95,380
12U,U75
106,399
108,767
130,865
169,507
256,858
218,732
I.88U.277
195,53U
162,638
165,168
177,117
162,258
172,232
2140,339
2140,321
255,519
113,151
Persons naturalized
Civilian Military
6p8l4.56U
111.738
70,310
83,561
10U,ll45
9l,8U8
87,831
88,10U
87,U56
89,023
125,711
1.716.979
2^
131,062
112,629
117,125
131,378
167,127
165,1614
175,U13
213,U13
278,028
1.938.066
277,807
3li3,U87
377,125
325,717
195,917
123, 86U
88,802-
68,265
71,OUl4
66,038
163,656
160,979
137,975
lhO,3hD
152,U57
1146,239
195, U93
228,006
221^,197
167,637
U88.076
Total
2UI4.30O
63,993
128,335
51,972
1.U98.573
li40,271
136,598
112,368
110,867
118, 9U5
ll40,78U
162,923
158,1142
185,175
232,500
1.837,229
6l,63li
9U,086
98,128
130,722
275, 7U7
268,762
281,1459
392,766
208,707
13U,8U9
77,liii2
69,080
614,138
614,279
^6,206
17,636
9,U68
7,109
10,170
92
14,311
5,11+9
531
1,7140
6.872. 6I4O
111.738
1.128.972
70,310
83,561
10l4,ll45
91,8148
87,831
88,10i4
151, U49
217,358
177,683
1.773.185
19.891
3,22U
995
2,802
I48I
2,053
3,936
3,638
2,760
U49.799
53,710.
87,070
90,1476
1014,086
1,602
37,U7U 1/
149,213 1/
22,695 1/
15,213 1/
16,1462 1/
1,070
2,l456
2,067
975
1,585
1,575
13, 7I45
181,292
170,l4l47
U45,08U
150,510
152,1457
lli6,331
199,8014
233,155
22U,728
169,377
1.5l8.U6t4
m3,U95
136,600
113,363
113,669
118,9145
lla,265
1614,976
162,078
188,813
235,260
1.987.028
277,29U
270,3614
318,933
l4lil,979
231,1402
150,062
93,90l4
70,150
66,59U
66,3U6
514,716
88,655
92,051
117,831
1/ Members of the armed forces include 1,1+25 naturalised overseas in 19k3i
6,k96 in 19UI4J 5,666 in 19U5j 2,05U in I9U6} ^,370 In 1947; and 2,981
in 1954.
United States Dripartaant of Justice
Imudgration and Naturalization Service
TABLE 38. PERSONS NATURALIZED, BY GENERAL AND SPECIAL NATURALIZATION PROVISIONS 1/
AND COUNTRY OR REGION OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE: YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 195U
Coxmtry or region
of former
allegiance
Total
nvimber
Persons naturalized
Under
general
natural-
ization
provi-
sions
Married
to
U. S.
citizens
Children
of U. S.
citizen
parents
Military-
Other
All countries
Europe
Austria „.
Belgium .......
British Enquire
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Estonia .......
Finland .......
France
Germany
Greece ........
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia ........
Lithuania
Netherlands ...
Norway
Poland
Portugal . , . ,
Rumania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland .
U. S. S . R. a
Yugoslavia . .
Other Europe
Asia
China
Israel
Japan ......
Lebanon . . . .
Palestine ..
Philippines
Syria
Other Asia ,
North America . . . .
Canada
Mexico
West Indies ....
Central America
South America
Africa
Stateless & miscellaneous.
117.831
83,298
2,191
772
16,565
93
2,969
791
335
523
2,177
n,679
2,59U
1,719
5,32l4
10,926
556
1,26U
1,979
l,li26
8,5U2
1,W7
772
815
1,272
669
3,832
l,2i;l
809
12.170
1,880
177
6,750
282
303
1,863
211i
701
13,062
3,710
1,738
9Ul
821
127
1,96U
86,166
1^»977
1,208
60.093
1,680
519
12,322
63
2,336
5U2
159
Ul9
1,251
6,906
1,777
1,293
3,931
8,188
2l;9
833
l,liU3
1,076
6,588
1,163
581
652
1,017
W7
3,169
796
653
1,515
132
6,212
205
255
l,l61i
160
532
9,628
2,875
l,261i
60li
U98
66
963
11.860
372
15U
2,779
15
25ii
67
32
UU
5U7
2,83li
UOU
152
235
1,903
h-i
75
150
155
636
18U
71
76
112
90
267
130
79
ifr
2li
U19
57
12
228
38
78
1,928
129
113
126
23
360
693
22
10
105
10
5
9
25
221
32
7
52
63
17
5
10
13
26
28
6
1
1
2
3
17
3
118
6
12
3
37
1
3
J62_
318
17
18
9
10
5
20
13.7U5
10.293
115
88
1,311
21
366
lli7
120
38
3liO
1,711;
360
263
1,106
738
2i;0
3U9
367
160
1,272
63
113
103
87
387
289
71
621
101
15
\xl
18
31
310
lii
85
2.036
1,158
387
317
171^
163
28
60li
2^
J^l.
2
1
ue
3
30
2li
13
Hi
U
21
h
3U
7
2
9
22
20
19
1
21
3
6
9
3
2U2
50
60
2
2
12ii
1
3
88
30
7
10
Ul
21;
5
17
1/ See also table i;7 for detailed figures by naturalization provisions
United States Department of Justice
Imnigration and Naturalization Service
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TABLE Al. PERSONS NATURALIZED AND PETITIONS FOR NATURALIZATION DENIED:
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30. 1907 TO 195L
Period
Total
Persons
naturalized
Petitions
denied
Percent
denied
1907 - 1954.
1907 - 1910.
1911 - 1920.
1921 - 1930.
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931 - 1940.
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
19a - 1950.
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
7«294.108
12?, 440
1,247, 6?7
1«938.678
200
199
169
168
168
159
211
245
236
178
,273
,523
,968
,834
,070
,605
,750
,634
,576
,445
1-564.256
151,009
142,078
118,066
114,802
121,710
144,389
169 018
166,932
194,A43
241,809
1,0^
285
278
332
449
2a
156
97
73
68
68
,712
,589
,276
,184
,637
,857
,037
,865
,622
57,111
90,818
94,351
119,915
6.872.640
421.468
111.7?^
17.702
1.128.972
118*221
1.773.185
181,292
170,447
145,084
150,510
152,457
146,331
199,804
233,155
224,728
169,377
165, 4??
1.518.464
143,495
136,600
113,363
113,669
118,945
141,265
164,976
162,078
188,813
235,260
1.987.028
277,294
270,364
318,933
4a,979
231,402
150,062
93,904
70,150
66,594
66,346
54,716
88,655
92,051
117,831
18,981
29,076
24,884
18,324
15,613
13,274
11,946
12,479
11,848
9,068
4^.7?2
7,514
5,478
4,703
1,133
2,765
3,124
4,042
4,854
5,630
6,549
64.814
7,769
8,348
13,656
7,297
9,782
6,575
3,953
2,887
2,271
2,276
2,395
2,163
2,300
2,084
-i^
13,7
1^
lil
9.5
14.6
14.6
10.9
9.3
8.3
5.6
5.1
5.0
5.1
2^
5.0
3.9
4.0
1.0
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.9
2.9
2.7
J^
2.7
3.0
4.1
1.6
4.1
4.2
4.0
4.0
3.3
3.3
4.2
2.4
2.4
1.7
United States Department of Justice
Tirnni gration and Naturalization Service
TART.F, k2. PERSONS NATURALIZED,
PERCENT OF TOTAL:
BY SEX AND MARITAL STATUS, WITH COMPARATIVE
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1946 TO 1954
Sex and
marital
status
19461/
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
Number
Both sexes
148.008
93.904
70.150
66.594
66.346
54.716
88.655
92.051
117.331
Single...
Married..
Widowed , .
Divorced,
30,236
101,828
12,207
3,737
19,697
64,704
6,988
2,515
12,206
50,518
5,429
1,997
9,623
50,723
4,604
1,644
8,489
52,025
4,218
1,614
5,859
44,333
3,262
1,262
8,821
72,578
5,450
1,806
12,127
72, U7
5,886
1,891
27,701
79,034
8,630
2,466
Male
74.250
52.998
33.147
27.865
25.745
18.711
28.597
34.657
54.477
Single,,,
Married , ,
Widowed.,
Divorced,
18,416
50,668
3,235
1,931
13,567
35,942
2,032
1,457
7,449
23,200
1,466
1,032
6,142
19,833
1,089
801
5,710
18,345
921
769
3,489
14,100
615
507
5,276
21,791
896
634
7,253
25,777
926
701
19,909
32,061
1,608
899
Female
73.758
40.906
37.003
38.729
40.601
36.005
60.058
57.394
63.354
Single.,.
Married,,
Widowed,,
Divorced,
11,820
51,160
8,972
1,806
6,130
28,762
4,956
1,058
4,757
27,318
3,963
965
3,431
30,890
3,515
843
2,779
33,680
3,297
845
2,370
30,233
2,647
755
3,545
50,787
4,554
1,172
4,874
46,370
4,960
1,190
7,792
46,973
7,022
1,567
Percent
of tota
1
Both sexes
100.0
100,0
lOOftO
100,0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100,0
100,0
Single..,
Married.,
Widowed . ,
Divorced,
20,4
68.9
8.2
2.5
21,0
68,9
7.4
2.7
17 ft 4
72.1
7.7
2.8
14,4
76.2
6,9
2.5
12.8
78.4
6.4
2.4
10.7
81.0
6.0
2.3
10.0
81.9
6.1
2.0
13.2
78.4
6,4
2,0
23.5
67,1
7.3
2,1
Male
50.2
56.4
47.3
41,8
38.8
34.2
32.3
37.6
46.2
Single...
Married,,
Widowed . .
Divorced,
12.4
34.3
2.2
1.3
14.4
38.3
2.1
1.6
10.6
33.1
2.1
1.5
9,2
29.8
1.6
1.2
8.6
27.7
1.4
1.1
6.4
25.8
1.1
0,9
6.0
24,6
1.0
0.7
7.9
28.0
1.0
0.7
16.9
27,2
1.3
0.8
Female
49,8
43.6
52,7
58.2
61.2
65.8
67.7
62,4
53,8
Single..,
Married,,
Widowed,,
Divorced .
8,0
34,6
6,0
1.2
6,6
30.6
5o3
1.1
6.8
39.0
5.6
1.3
5.2
46.4
5.3
1.3
4.2
50,7
5.0
1.3
4.3
55o2
4.9
1.4
4,0
57.3
5,1
1.3
5,3
50,4
5.4
1.3
6,6
39.9
6,0
1.3
1/ Does not include 2,054 members of the armed forces naturalized overseas.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE 43. PJfiHSONS NATURALIZED, BT SEX AND AGE:
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, ]
L946 TO 1954
Sex and age
19461/
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
Both sexes
14S.008
9? ,904
70.150
-66,1121
66,?46
?4,716
88,655
92,0^1
117, 8?1
Under 21 years
1,244
544
476
987
1,003
726
1,052
1,206
3,787
21 to 25 "
7,269
5,495
2,970
6,297
7,742
6,238
9,785
8,927
14,810
26 to 30 "
7,818
6,627
3,783
6,074
8,570
8,295
14,739
15,176
16,290
31 to 35 "
10,823
7,221
4,131
4,886
5,355
4,751
8,890
10,722
11,569
36 to /fO "
16,289
11,205
7,867
7,107
6,535
5,479
8,301
8,956
8,831
41 to 45 "
19,341
U,091
11,113
9,164
8,144
6,127
9,190
9,426
9,895
46 to 50 "
20,142
13,137
11,170
9,198
8,239
6,699
9,790
9,681
10,584
51 to 55 "
20,783
11,531
9,481
7,822
6,937
5,554
9,090
8,977
12,650
56 to 60 "
18,599
9,601
8,018
6,4U
5,773
4,476
7,337
7,792
10,821
61 to 65 "
13,185
7,347
5,637
4,473
4,298
3,269
5,318
5,658
8,816
66 to 70 "
7,636
4,260
3,304
2,551
2,289
1,884
3,077
3,306
5,606
71 to 75 "
3,298
1,953
1,445
1,084
926
823
1,374
1,468
2,707
Over 75 "
1,581
892
755
510
535
395
712
756
1,465
Male
*'74'.256'
'52!998*
'33;i47'
*27!865"
'25I745'
'is!?!!*
*28*.597'
*34!657'
**54*.477
Under 21 years
1,115
406
257
433
371
282
405
496
2,343
21 to 25 "
3,297
3,032
711
1,239
1,732
1,019
1,890
2,804
10,133
26 to 30 "
3,719
4,ia
1,094
1,705
2,375
1,835
3,369
4,757
7,295
31 to 35 "
5,116
4,073
1,569
1,925
2,026
1,510
2,830
4,127
4,622
36 to 40 "
7,902
6,425
3,672
3,257
2,825
2,003
3,087
3,822
3,908
41 to 45 "
9,151
8,185
5,625
4,254
3,574
2,387
3,337
3,914
4,187
46 to 50 «
9,481
7,505
5,679
4,271
3,615
2,868
3,685
3,890
4,294
51 to 55 "
10,095
6,122
4,535
3,488
2,870
2,192
3,167
3,373
5,129
56 to 60 "
9,926
5,051
4,098
2,971
2,471
1,779
2,600
2,901
3,997
61 to 65 "
7,535
4,195
2,981
2,186
2,052
1,356
2,036
2,212
3,710
66 to 70 "
4,236
2,310
1,737
1,297
1,088
882
1,253
1,391
2,773
71 to 75 "
1,819
1,075
766
570
467
417
614
641
1,390
Over 75 "
858
478
423
269
279
181
324
329
696
Female
"73*.758*
'46 '.966*
'37'.663*
*38*.729'
*46*.66i*
* 36 '.665*
'66!658*
*57*.394*
**63!354
Under 21 years
129
138
219
554
632
444
647
710
1,444
21 to 25 "
3,972
2,463
2,259
5,058
6,010
5,219
7,895
6,123
4,677
26 to 30 "
4,099
2,486
2,689
4,369
6,195
6,460
11,370
10,U9
8,995
31 to 35 "
5,707
3,U8
2,562
2,961
3,329
3,241
6,060
6,595
6,947
36 to 40 "
8,387
4,780
4,195
3,850
3,710
3,476
5,2L4
5,134
4,923
a to 45 "
10,190
5,906
5,488
4,910
4,570
3,740
5,853
5,512
5,708
46 to 50 "
10,661
5,632
5,491
4,927
4,624
3,831
6,105
5,791
6,290
51 to 55 "
10,688
5,409
4,946
4,334
4,067
3,362
5,923
5,604
7,521
56 to 60 "
8,673
4,550
3,920
3,470
3,302
2,697
4,737
4,891
6,824
61 to 65 "
5,650
3,152
2,656
2,287
2,246
1,913
3,282
3,446
5,106
66 to 70 "
3,400
1,950
1,567
1,254
1,201
1,002
1,824
1,915
2,833
71 to 75 "
1,479
878
679
5U
459
406
760
827
1,317
Over 75 ♦•
723
4U
332
?41
256
214
388
427
769
1/ Does not Include '.
2.054 meml
Ders of t
.he arme
d forces
natural
ized ove
rseas.
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE UU, PERSONS NATURALIZED, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES OF RESIDENCE:
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30. 1950 TO 195/t
State of residence
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
Total
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia.
Florida
Georgia. ,
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
lovra .••...••..
Kansas • •
Kentucky
Louisiana ,
Maine • ..•,
Maryland ••,
Massachusetts «
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouzd
Montana.
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire ,
New Jersey.....
New Mexico.
New York
North Carolina ,
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
66.346
^4.716
88.655
92.0?1
117.831
140
3a
44
9,488
358
1,753
90
466
957
200
85
3,367
577
329
198
198
245
475
489
4,861
3,475
567
60
502
166
156
68
318
3,742
125
20,499
188
93
2,254
160
126
283
52
7,879
381
1,093
59
371
1,276
126
93
2,201
403
257
265
107
270
591
558
3,436
2,763
545
86
451
136
170
55
252
2,700
134
17,990
210
138
1,386
234
231
387
108
12,258
533
2,864
178
615
1,524
553
156
2,942
1,048
445
340
290
411
737
949
6,593
5,288
722
111
726
236
253
106
431
4,131
164
27,120
359
108
2,855
305
197
537
94
12,728
492
2,9a
102
497
1,757
374
U7
4,236
848
379
348
235
582
802
975
5,768
4,848
829
118
551
194
232
124
554
4,143
215
29,780
292
148
2,611
208
299
793
124
15,533
1,170
3,446
201
884
2,844
407
274
6,395
1,016
511
334
461
498
1,093
2,016
8,054
7,368
959
189
643
a6
a6
175
650
5,436
229
31,118
787
231
2,972
268
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE kU, PERSONS NATURALIZED, BY STATES AND TERRITORIES OF RESIDENCE:
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30. 1950 TO 195/i. (Cont'd)
State of residence
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Territories and other ;
Alaska
Hawaii
Puei*to Rico
Virgin Islands
All other
451
2,443
521
93
89
106
1,353
125
232
a3
1,176
175
623
69
95
1,087
55
62
144
278
2,312
a9
74
73
105
1,192
81
224
456
1,032
112
515
58
78
512
57
36
25
601
4,028
707
134
91
222
1,989
162
258
712
1,755
2U
796
80
104
526
78
35
56
431
4,461
699
147
88
282
1,6a
207
301
770
1,724
197
883
56
206
760
108
67
137
842
4,657
958
170
216
202
2,452
612
a9
827
3,000
268
981
120
360
3,143
163
150
81
United States Department of Jtistlce
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE 45. PERSONS NATURALIZED, BY SPECIFIED COUNTRIES OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE
AND BY RURAL AND URBAN AREA AND CITY 1/: YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1954
Class of place
and city
Total.
Rural.
Urban.
City total
Los Angeles « Calif....
Oakland, Calif
San Diego, Calif
San Francisco, Calif..
Bridgeport , Conn
Hartford, Conn
New Haven, Conn
Washington, D. C
Miami, Fla
Chicago, 111
New Orleans , La
Baltimore , Hd
Boston, Mass
Cambridge, Mass
Fall River, Mass
New Bedford, Mass
Springfield, Mass
Vforcester, Mass
Detroit, Mich
Minneapolis, Minn
St. Louis, Mo
Jersey City, N. J
Newark, N. J
Paterson, N. J
Buffalo, N. Y
New York, N. Y
Rochester, N. Y
Cincinnati, Ohio
Cleveland , Ohio
Portland, Ore
Philadelphia, Pa
Pittsburgh, Pa
Scranton, Pa
Providence, R. I......
San Antonio, Tex
Seattle, Wash
Milwaukee, Wis
Other cities
Total
U. S. territories
possessions
All others
and
117.8?1
2Ui^
32.493
67.^27
3,234
540
350
2,642
290
598
400
884
1,054
4,809
284
1,062
2,428
296
264
211
367
410
3,929
306
160
250
640
280
483
25,166
428
301
824
399
1,581
509
62
456
358
1,457
392
9,423
3,854
504
British
Empire
Country of former allegiance
16 . ?6 ?
2.26?
5.488
8.576
292
42
82
168
17
59
38
105
387
283
42
101
238
27
10
12
44
34
626
27
12
30
61
28
62
3,596
70
31
66
46
254
70
12
61
28
102
34
1,379
194
38
Canada
13.06 2
2.07?
5.291
5,5^i^
407
46
12
98
14
84
25
51
85
222
10
46
521
91
40
40
78
72
1,129
45
9
3
17
8
127
590
105
17
31
118
44
20
88
9
283
14
955
108
30
Germany
11.679
1.638
?.078
6.775
i
249
45
19
281
13
40
19
75
50
670
8
142
79
12
2
1
24
4
212
37
38
16
69
25
47
2,813
58
73
79
61
216
86
4
24
29
79
lU
962
98
90
Italy
;Q.9?6
851
3.025
7.007
92
32
19
257
85
109
141
57
22
378
23
181
290
29
8
1
46
33
346
12
61
127
87
44
3,251
61
26
91
9
172
84
17
67
12
15
22
700
20
23
Poland
8.542
708
1.664
6.093
15?
8
13
45
23
81
41
61
33
706
6
120
125
10
27
15
46
39
444
22
13
46
96
41
81
2,901
29
7
77
7
134
63
12
20
9
19
45
472
14
63
U.S.S.R.
3.832
J50.
J§L
2.692
155
8
4
93
8
42
26
43
31
134
1
80
228
7
4
6
13
10
139
3
5
8
39
7
11
1,091
12
8
38
12
150
12
2
17
3
27
17
198
7
20
1/ Rural - Population of less than 2,500. Urban - Population of 2,500 to 99,999.
Cities - Population of 100,000 or over
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TAHLB 46, PERSOMS NATURALIZED, BT COUNTRT OR REGION OF BIRTH AND YEAH OF ENTHI:
lEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1954
Coontrx or region
of birth
Number
natural-
ised
1954
1953
1952
1951
1950
1940-
1949
1930-
1939
1920-
1929
1910-
1919
Before
1910
Un-
known
117.831
80
606
2,0?8
2,?0?
^.272
?7.W2
?.468
19,772
1^.20?
10,047
244
79 .4U
?o
?8?
1.52lf
li?23
?i?H
42.228
?,221
11.089
8.788
6.774
11?
2,227
1
35
ji
51
61
1,185
71
174
304
259
840
-
4
9
24
23
682
14
40
28
16
-
111
.
—
3
8
4
62
5
14
10
5
_
3,160
3
7
81
112
128
2,106
100
200
210
211
2
776
1
11
25
37
37
413
18
106
53
67
8
317
2
1
2
15
38
224
10
10
1
9
5
5U
•>
3
3
6
10
203
24
79
119
91
3
1,953
5
23
45
64
96
1,426
65
125
54
49
1
12,483
18
132
670
515
801
7,402
551
1,923
191
269
11
2,443
3
16
23
152
69
859
208
a6
502
188
7
1,817
-
6
26
72
90
861
57
128
303
273
1
5,494
-
10
29
43
210
3,531
190
954
244
282
1
10,776
4
30
60
74
340
4,223
635
1,901
2,006
1,497
6
567
-
2
7
30
110
322
11
29
20
30
6
1,255
—
-
12
27
95
583
18
80
244
195
1
1,809
2
7
a
48
103
1,258
57
134
108
48
3
1,427
-
9
20
26
53
771
61
234
118
125
10
8,989
1
8
100
246
381
5,110
157
655
1,349
977
5
1,408
1
7
10
4
23
289
60
282
450
275
7
928
1
3
34
30
51
449
60
132
88
78
2
793
-
5
3
5
11
198
76
184
231
70
10
1,252
_
5
12
13
17
440
37
347
196
176
9
666
-
9
12
U
33
385
31
109
U
30
2
7,295
4
26
66
69
Ul
4,934
272
1,066
421
289
7
792
1
3
7
U
17
482
42
156
27
43
~
2,546
1
4
16
25
43
1,232
178
840
139
67
1
281
—
-
-
4
2
178
U
55
13
13
2
4,226
_
9
26
67
128
1,4U
47
425
1,080
1,027
3
1,374
1
4
65
99
134
570
89
U7
164
99
2
865
1
6
31
29
65
436
63
144
74
16
-
12.873
12
87
287
216
211
2,??6
721
2.989
3.903
1.838
7?
2,054
1
30
21
24
48
725
2^5
538
260
120
22
137
1
2
-
-
5
85
10
U
13
7
—
6,605
5
18
179
85
11
124
117
1,510
3,101
1,448
7
170
1
2
5
5
13
113
11
9
10
1
.
1,886
1
21
45
60
61
760
206
578
105
6
43
2,021
3
14
37
42
73
729
112
340
4U
256
1
23.168
10
^5
218
290
6?0
HiW
ii43?,
5.495
2.495
1.317
?4
13,233
1
2^
100
158
411
6,^3
977
3,098
862
908
9
3,726
3
9
18
13
30
730
196
1,426
1,070
230
1
4,758
1
23
64
75
150
2,709
189
864
517
157
9
1,013
4
18
20
35
49
765
a
52
17
5
7
438
1
9
16
9
10
248
36
55
29
17
8
1,023
2
21
30
35
52
619
54
133
48
21
8
472
6
23
19
22
27
323
12
17
U
10
2
590
-
5
1
6
9
522
6
15
9
12
5
294
-
>
19
17
9
69
15
34
49
75
7
All countries
Europe
Austria
Belgiun
Bulgaria.
CeeehosloTakia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germanjr.
Greece
> Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania ............
Netherlands.
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Rumania....,
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
(England
United (N. Ireland..
Kingdom (Scotland....
(Wales
U.S.3.R
Tugoslavia.
Other Europe
Asia
China
India
Japan
Palestine
niilippines
Other Asia
North America
Canada.
Mexico. ..............
West Indies
Central America......
Other No. America....
South America ....•
Africa ,,
Australia & New Zealand
Other countries........
United States Department of Justice
Lnigratioa and Naturalisation Service
TABLE 46a. FSaSOHS NATURALIZED, BT COUHTRT OR HBSION OP BIRTH AND COUNTRI OR BBSION
OF FOBMER ALL8SIKACE; YEAR ENDED JUNE 30. 1954
Country or region
of birth
a
O
O
o
Goontrr or region of foraer allegiance
xt
SI-
eg
O
S3
9 M
U >■
■a
I
o
o
«
u
C3
All coiintrlea ....
Europe
Austria.
BelgluB
Bulgaria.
Czechoslovakia. . ....
Denmark
Estonia ............ •
Finland
France ..............
Gersanjr
Greece ••••»...
Hungary
Ireland....
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania. ..........
Netherlands .........
Norway.
Poland
Portugal ...........a
Rumania.............
Spain
Sweden
Swltterland
(England....
United (N. Ireland.
KingdoB( Scotland. . .
(Vilales
U.S.S.H
Tugoslavla
Other Europe
Asia
China
India
Japan
Palestine...........
Philippines
Other Asia
North AmerloA.........
Canada...
Mexloe
N^st Indies .........
Central America
Other North America.
South America. ........
Africa
Australia & New Zealand
Other coimtries
117.831
83.298
2.1?1
221
16.^6?
79.411
2,227
840
111
3,160
776
317
541
1,953
12,483
2,443
1,817
5,494
10,776
567
1,255
1,809
1,427
8,989
1,408
928
793
1,252
666
7,295
792
2,546
281
4,226
1,374
865
12.87?
76.679
2,054
137
6,605
170
1,886
2,021
2?.168
13,233
3,726
4,758
1,013
438
1,023
472
590
294
2AA«
806
103
3,038
761
309
529
1,915
11,764
2,434
1,731
5,472
10,719
541
1,209
1,794
1,4U
8,529
1,406
842
776
1,235
647
7,067
777
2,440
264
3,919
1,255
835
1.13?
2.186
158
74
30
11
17
849
4.657
1,235
23
3,122
94
183
241
3U
164
74
1,888
1
3
67
2
55
24
5
2
1
1
90
19
261
1
726
5
15
5
11.305
22
8
3
15
2
19
128
10
9
246
19
3
1
4
2
31
5
5
7,004
700
2,a7
264
35
3
345
390
45
71
2
9
7
256
1,213
8
3,057
88
85
157
70
159
33
2.969
2^252
45
4
1
2,803
2
27
34
1
2
1
1
16
5
15
2
221
780
754
4
11
523
2.177
121
1|9?1
516
1,778
40
4
2
17
12
6
21
30
6
J3.
4
1
H
Jl
25
1
4
3
175
16
11.679
2,m
11 .63 ?
24
7
92
25
11,146
1
U
2
9
7
14
8
1
141
32
5
12
4
47
27
17
20
2.474
5
6
2,397
1
6
5
a
86
10
7
3
10
83
3
1
1
28
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalisation Servlca
TABLE Uik- PEBS0N9 IATURALI23ED, BT COQRSI OB BBBIOM OF BIBTH AMD COOVTBI (» RBSIOI
OP FOMEB ALLBBIAKB: TXtB nm> JIMX 30, 1954 (Cont'd)
Couotrjr or region
of birth
Osttntgr
or vkLou of fomer aUeglaaae
I
t
£
t
i
n
a
M
n
01
All conntrles
Earope «....
Austria
BelgluM
Bulgaria
Csechoslorakla
Donmark.
Estonia
Finland
France ,
Gemangr. .............
Greece ......... ......
ihingary
Ireland
Italy
UtTia
Lit huanla. ...........
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Ruaanla
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
(Ehgland
United (H. Ireland..
KlngdonC Scotland. ...
D.S.S.R
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
China
India
Japan
Palestine.
Philippines
Other Asia
North Aaerlca
Canada. •
Mexico
West Indies
Central America......
Other North America..
South America..........
Africa
Australia & New Zealand
Other countries
.1.22k
5.315
1
1
1
5,218
1
11
73
5
10t?26
1m^
li97?
2J^
Ix^
1.^57
772
^i
1.272
669
3.8?2
10.800
33
22
9
5
3
10,649
1.259
1^861
2
17
ljhO±
8^
!.¥«
161
788
1.252
651
3.711
4
21
U
3
1
5
4
1
1
2
28
42
35
1
3
5
1,173
1
8
61
1
3
59
1
1,764
2
7
2
1
3
1
1
1
48
26
24
1
28
2
1
1,394
26
13
16
173
2
12
2
6
3
1
8,024
2
8
155
1
3
4
1
21
4
1
1
1,402
5
724
3
1
1
765
1,219
1
1
1
27
12
18
1
1
5
1
1
3
1
600
1
1
11
20
7
2
3
1
5
6
9
172
7
2
2
1
3,473
1
4
12
15
3
1
8
3
1
2
U
21
112
~45
3
3
64
A
11
2
2
1
1
11
1
1
J.
2
1
1
1
1
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABLE U6k, PESSOMS KATURALI2ED, BT COUNTRT OR HBGION OF BIBTH AND COUNTRI OR REGION
OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE; TSAR BMDED JUNE 30, 1954 (Cont'd)
Conotrj or region
of birth
All countries
Europe
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Geraany.
Greece....,
Hungary ,
Ireland ,
Italy ,
Latria ,
Lithuania
Netherlands
Nomsy .,
Poland
Portugal. ..«...,
Roaania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
(£hgland
United (N. Ireland...
Kingdom( Scotland
U.S.S.R
TugoslaTia
Other Europe
Asia ,.
China
India
Japan
Palestine
Philippines
Other Asia
North America ,
Canada
Mexico
West Indies
Central America
Other North America...
South America
Africa
Australia & New Zealand.
Other countries
n
o
1.2U
l,22i
35
3.
1
5
&
l4
• O
SI
1*222
L^hSl.
Country or region of former allegiance
55
o a
t- <
12.170
1
U
7
1,154
1
4
1
84
1
302
3
2
18
4
3
1
512
2
3
2
2
U
61
4
398
386
3 360
Z
3
1
350
15
1
3
5
4
208
1
7
3
2
2
5
43
6
1
2
3
24
42
2
6
..880
1^862
S:
5
o
Li/t^Z
J22
11^
1,83
59
6,562
150
1,859
1,128
a.
4
7
3
39
4
2
1
1
l^M
1,811
4
4
45
1.854
2
1,851
1
15
1
3
5
4
207
1
7
2
2
5
43
2
2
24
a
2
3
"S
13.062
848
2^8Zi
23
59
6,558
150
4
1,082
M
15
17
28
U
12
10
46
5
20
17
37
6
10
10
13
92
1
23
16
9
216
14
80
6
100
22
9
18
o
o
•>\
u
3.710
21
n
1.738
Jl
«
~ • o
BO,
I
2!ti
ii
131
3
6
1
38
2
2
122
3
2
1
1
11
12.186
44
6
U
21
J3-H
g «
to -5
)21
M
11,987
3
3
6
187
5
3
1.62it
127
n
e
■>
;i281
^266
3
12
3,683
4
2
5
1.630
5
1,621
1
3
3
2
906 11
ill
1
2
900 7
2 3
- 3
84
1
2
3
2
1
765
1
117
±
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalisation Serviee
13-
9
5
80
14
430
3
56
7
18
25
4
270
1
44
4
1
148
93
10
_2i
52
9
7
9
21
21
1
13
1
1
1
2
2
2
426
TABLE 47. PERSONS NATURALIZED, BY GENERAL AND SPECIAL NATURALIZATION PROVISIONS:
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1950 TO 1954
Naturalization provisions
1950
1951
1952
1953
Total.
General provisions,
Special provisions
ooooooooo*o«oooo««o«ooa«*o
Persons married to UoSo citizens...
Children, including adopted children, of
Former UoSo citizens who lost citizenship
by marriage
Philippine citizens who entered the
United States prior to May 1, 1934, and
have resided continuously in the United
OX'^u€S o • • • • • •
oo»0*fto«o«*«oO9eo*«eoeoo*o«
Persons who served in U.So anned forces
for three years o........
Persons v:ho served in U.So armed forces
during World War I or World War II.. co
Persons serving in U.So armed forces
after June 24, 1950 (In U.S.) 2/........
Persons serving in U.S. armed forces
after June 24, 1950 (Overseas) 2/..,...,.
Persons who served on certain U.S.
vessels
Former U. S. citizens who lost citizenship
by entering the armed forces of foreign
countries during World War II l/...
Dual nationals expatriated through enter-
ing or serving in armed forces of
Former U.S, citizens expatriated through
expatriation of parents ....... ......... ,
Persons who lost citizenship through
cancellation of parents' naturalization.
Persons misinformed prior to July 1, 1920,
regarding citizenship status, .....o .« ...
Noncitizen natives of Puerto Rico —
declaration of allegiance...
Persons who entered the United States
while under 16 years of age...,,
Certain inhabitants of the Virgin Islands.
Alien veterans of World War I or veterans
of allied countries
Nationals but not citizens of the United
States
Persons naturalized under private law...,.
a o o
ieooo»*o*o
66 .346
54.716
83.655
92.051
19,403
46.943
14,864
39.852
26,920
61.735
46,793
45.258
40,684
499
243
1,343
343
1,724
1,164
136
8
3
33
5
256
36,433
487
220
843
300
675
611
66
1
17
6
188
4
58,027
760
223
722
194
1,391
64
138
9
4
27
4
164
8
42,088
698
150
429
192
1,383
110
123
9
7
14
51
2
y Prior to December 24, 1952, these persons were repatriated \inder the provisions
of Section 323, Nationality Act of 1940 and, therefore, were not included
in this table.
2/ Act of June 30, 1953 (P.L. 86).
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
TABIE i;8. WRITS OF HABEAS CORPUS IN EXCLUSION AND DEPCRTATION CASES:
YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 19h^ TO 19^h
Action taken
19U5-
195U
19U5
19i;6
19li7
19h8
19U9
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
Total Writs of
Habeas Corpus
Disposed of
hh9h
93
263
hhh
306
511
3ii7
39I4
386
3?P
391
Sustained
Dismissed
2iiO
2,222
1,032
115
3
35
9
133
121
1^
278
151
156
29
175
102
9
397
105
2hh
2^
169
153
118
^6
260
78
k7
30
253
103
60
%
213
102
120
20
289
82
115
WithdraTOi •
Pending end of year ..
16
206
160
Involving Exclusion
Disposed of
U62
6
h
61;
U8
??
96
?7
67
38
23
Sustained
Dismissed
Withdravm
235
173
2
3
1
h
6
19
39
3
26
19
6
3&
15
8
li8
1;0
3
27
27
16
32
19
1
21
10
3
17
3
Pending end of year.
17
1
1
15
12
16
21
13
8
11
17
Involving Deportation
Disposed of
3,032
87
259
380
258
);52
251
337
319
321
368
Sustained
Dismissed
Withdrawn
186
1,987
859
1
52
3h
9
129
121
9
259
112
26
11x9
83
3
359
90
17
121
113
53
233
51
li;
221
8ii
37
192
92
17
272
79
Pending end of year.
98
15
205
Ihl
lii8
128
97
3U
52
109
98
United States Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
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