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ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
ISTHMIAN CANAL
COMMISSION
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30
1913
WASHINGTCW
I91S
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House Doc. 426; 63d Cong., 2d Sess.
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
ISTHMIAN CANAL
COMMISSION
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30
1913
WASHINGTON
1913
TABLE OF OONTE:N^TS.
Page.
Report of the chairman and chief engineer 1
Organization 1
Construction and engineering 2
First division 2
Atlantic division 13
Central division 23
Fifth division 28
Sixth division 35
Second division 38
Construction of the new Panama Railroad 48
Fortifications 49
Cost keeping 49
Quartermaster's department 53
Subsistence department 57
Examination of accounts and disbursements 58
Examination of accounts 58
Disbursements 61
Departments of civil administration and law 61
Civil administration 61
Department of law 65
Department of sanitation 67
Recreation of employees 68
Washington office 68
General remarks 69
APPENDIX A.
Report of the assistant chief engineer in charge of first division of the office of the
chief engineer 73
Masonry and lock structures 73
Locks 73
Valves and fixed irons 74
Design and contract 74
Installation 74
Fixed irons for spillways, spillway gates, caissons, footbridges, and
railings 74
Design and contract 74
Erection and installation 75
Drawings 75
Summary of drawings 75
Contracts 75
Castings made on Isthmus 77
Tests 77
Lock gates and protective devices 77
Lock gates 78
Chain fenders 81
Lock entrance caissons 85
ni
IV TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Report of the aesistant chief engineer, etc. — Continued. Page.
Operating machinery and electrical installation 87
Rising stem valve machines 87
Fixed irons for rising stem gate valves 87
Test on rising stem gate- valve machines 87
Operation of the valve in the dry 88
Cylindrical valve machines 88
Auxiliary culvert valve machines 88
Test and correction for leakage of cylindrical valves 88
Tests of cylindrical and auxiliary culvert valve machines 89
Guard valve machinery 89
Miter-gate moving machines. 90
Miter-gate forcing machine 90
Test of miter-gate machinery 91
Miter-forcing tests 91
Towing track material 91
Class 1 91
Class 2 92
Class 3 92
Class 4 92
Class 5 92
Towing locomotives 92
Towing tests — Panama Railroad steamships 92
Spillway gate machines 93
Test of spillway gate machines 94
Transformer room equipment 94
Insulated cable 94
Wire and cable on order 95
Lock control and indicating equipment 96
Illumination » 96
Hydroelectric plant 97
Transmission line 98
Cover seats for crank gear— machinery rooms 98
Concrete t • • 98
Redesign of cargo-handling cranes — Ballioa- Panama Railroad docks.. 99
Inspection of machinery and electrical equipment 99
General 100
Emergency dams 101
Inspection in the United States 101
First test 101
Second test 101
Third test 102
Shipments 102
Method of erection 102
Progress of the work for each dam 104
East dam — Gatun 104
West dam — Gatun 104
West dam — Pedro Miguel 105
East dam — Pedro Miguel 105
East and west dams — Miraflores 105
Final tests of the east dam at Gatun 105
Aids to navigation 106
Clearing and surveys 108
Gas buoys 108
TABLE OF CONTENTS. V
Report of the assistant chief engineer, etc. — Continued.
Aids to navigation — Continued. „
1 age.
Equipment 2Qg
Ilhimiuants and illumination 109
General J09
Exhibit 1.— List of uncompleted contracts— First division— as of July 1
1913 : 110
APPENDIX B.
Report of the division engineer, Atlantic division HI
Division office HI
Division designing force 112
West breakwater quarry 112
Detailed statement of work done and cost 113
Water transportation 113
West breakwater — Colon 113
Comparative statement — Porto Bello large rock ] 14
Gatun locks H^
Excavation H^
Piling 117
Concrete work H/^
Comparative statement of costs — locks masonry 119
Concrete material 12o
Unloading plant 12i
Handling and mixing plant 12i
Gate erection 12i
Fixed steel 12i
Back fill J21
Miscellaneous work 192
Control house 122
Power plant 122
Gatun Dam and spillway 122
Gratun Dam 192
Statement of progress of construction 123
Material handled, place measurement 123
Dry fill deposited I25
Output of steam shovels I25
Material handled by dredges, borrow-pit measurement 126
Comparative statement of costs 127
Gatun spillway ] 28
Progress in excavation 19q
Permanent power plant 130
Comparative statement of costs 130
Municipal engineering 131
Agua Clara filters and reservoir 132
Agua Clara reservoir 133
Roads, sewers, and drains I33
Cristobal and Colon I33
Waterworks 133
Mount Hope filter and Brazos Brook reservoir 134
Brazos Brook reservoir 13g
Colon improvements 13g
Transportation 13^
Exhibit 1.— Progress report, fiscal year 1912-13 I37
VI TABLE OF CONTENTS.
APPENDIX C.
Page.
Report of the division engineer, central division 139
Excavation 139
From canal prism .• 139
From Obispo diversion 139
Outside work 140
Total, including accessory work 140
Monthly, for fiscal year 140
Re\'ised estimate of the quantity of material yet to be removed 141
Blasting 142
Steam shovels 143
Class 143
Highest daily, monthly, and annual records 144
Average performance for each month, fiscal years 1908, 1909, 1910,
1911, 1912, and 1913 144
Plant 146
Transportation 147
Average number of locomotives working per day 147
Average number of cars loaded daily 147
Largest number of cars handled in one day 147
Trains in service at close of fiscal year 147
Tracks 148
Location and distribution 148
Dumps 149
Disposition of material excavated 149
Average amount of material dumped per day 150
Amount of trestle driven. 151
Diversions 151
Hand excavation by contract. 152
Clearing channel 152
Noas Island dike 152
Slides and breaks 153
Estimate outside of slope line 154
Cost of excavation , 155
Coal and fuel oil consumed 155
Air and water service 155
Municipal work - 156
Road building 150
Waterworks 157
Labor conditions 159
Changes in organization 159
Changes in personnel 160
APPENDIX D.
Report of the resident engineer, fifth division 161
Division organization 161
Principal items of work performed 161
First district 162
Locks, dams, spillway, and dry excavation 162
Pedro Miguel locks and dams 162
Lock excavation 1 62
Lock and dam excavation 162
Lock foundations 163
Excavation 163
TABLE OF CONTENTS. VD
Report of the resident engineer, fifth division — Continued.
First district — Continued.
* Locks, dams, spillway, and dry excavation — Continued.
Pedro Miguel locks and dams — Continued. Page.
Construction tracks 1G3
Placing concrete 163
Amount placed 164
Performance of auxiliary plant 164
Miscellaneous lock work 165
Back filling 165
Filling west dam 165
Miraflores locks, dam, and spillway 166
Construction tracks 166
Lock foundations 166
Excavation 167
Concrete-handling plant 167
Placing concrete 167
Performance of berm cranes 168
Performanc.e of chamber cranes 169
Performance of auxiliary concrete plant 170
Amount of concrete placed 170
Concrete forms 171
Miscellaneous lock work 171
West dam 171
Back filling 172
Spillway dam 172
Excavation 173
Concrete work, Miraflores spillway 173
Amount of concrete placed 173
Performance of auxiliary concrete plant 174
Dry excavation 174
In canal prism 175
Performance of steam shovels at Pedro Miguel 175
Performance of steam shovels at Miraflores 176
Mining 176
Third district 176
Municipal and sanitary work 176
Municipal engineering 176
Ancon pumping and filtration station 176
Details of work and cost 177
Cocoli pumping plant 177
Details of work and cost 173
Rio Grande and Cocoli reservoirs 178
Water consumption 178
Rio Grande reservoir 178
Cocoli reservoir 178
Consumption of water by districts I79
Panama improvements 180
New town site and administration building — Balboa 180
Zone waterworks 181
Construction I8I
Cost of maintenance and repairs 182
Vm TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Report of the resident engineer, fifth division — Continued.
Third district — Continued.
Municipal and sanitary work — Continued. Page.
Zone sewer system 182
Work performed 182
Maintenance 182
Zone roads 182
Maintenance and repairs 183
Macadamizing and oiling 183
Sanitary work 183
Work performed 183
Foiirth district 184
Ancon quarry and crushers 184
Mining 184
Explosives used 184
Hydraulic excavation 185
Designs, maps, and office work 186
APPENDIX E.
Report of resident engineer, sixth division 187
Division organization 187
First district 187
Operations 187
Dredges in operation 187
Yardage removed 188
Subaqueous rock excavation 188
Location of rock shoals worked and volume removed 189
Balboa shops and shipways 189
Clearings and diversions 189
Miscellaneous 190
Surveys and mapping 190
Second division 190
Operations 190
Dredges in operation 190
Monthly output of dredges 191
Dredging, ocean to Gatun locks 191
Subaqueous rock excavation 191
Cristobal terminals 191
Miscellaneous 192
Surveys and mapping 192
Office 192
APPENDIX F.
Report of the assistant to the chief engineer in charge of second division of the
oflBce of the chief engineer 193
Quantity of work performed 193
Terminals 194
General 194
Pacific terminals 194
Atlantic terminals 195
Construction — Pacific terminals 195
Clearing site 195
Relocation of highway and main tracks to old French pier 195
Excavation 196
TABLE OF CONTENTS. IX
Report of the assistant to the chief engineer, etc. — Continued.
Termi nals — Continued .
Construction — Pacific terminals — Continued. Page.
Dry Dock No. 1, entrance basin, and coaling plant 196
Monthly excavation 197
Performance of steam shovels 197
Auxiliary Dry Dock No. 2 198
Cofferdam 198
Quay walls and Pier No. 1 198
Permanent shops 199
Clearing site 199
Fill 199
Foundations 199
Number of piles driven 200
Concrete 200
Operating tunnel 200
Foundations for shop tools, machinery, etc 201
Inner harbor excavation 201
Tracks 201
Highway and ditches 201
General 201
Statement of work done 201
Excavation 201
Drilling 202
Filling and embankment 202
Reenforcing 203
Concrete 203
Construction tracks 204
Contract work 204
Buildings authorized and floor area 205
Roofing 205
Construction — ^Atlantic terminals 205
Wharves, piers, and dredging 205
Main coaling plant 205
Office work — terminals 205
Permanent shops 205
General description 206
Interior arrangements, power and Light 207
Rated horsepower of all motors 207
Contracts 208
Material 208
Equipment 208
Dry docks, coaling plants, and floating cranes 209
General description of dry docks 209
Dry Dock No. 1, principal dimensions 209
Miter gates and gate-moving machinery 210
Dry Dock No. 2, principal dimensions 211
Floating cranes 212
General description 213
Other floating equipment 215
Coaling plants 215
General description 217
Fuel-oil plants 218
X TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Report ot the assistant to the chief engineer, etc. — Continued.
Terminals — Continued. Page.
Quay walls and Pier No. 1 219
General description, quay wall section "g-h-i " 219
Pier No. 1 219
Small boat landings 220
Quay wall, section " e-f " 220
Permanent settlements 220
Meteorological and hydrograpliic section 220
General 220
Office work : 221
Meteorology 221
Weather 221
Precipitation 221
Tem]>erature 222
Means and extremes 223
Absolute temperatures of record 223
Winds 223
Maximum velocity 224
Atmospheric pressure 224
Relative humidity 224
Cloudiness 224
Evaporation 224
Fogs 224
Sea temperature 225
Tidal conditions 225
Seismology 225
Monthly rainfall on the Isthmus of Panama 226
Monthly rainfall, by sections, year 1912 and averages 228
Maximum rainfall in Canal Zone 228
Hourly distribution of rainfall in the Canal Zone 228
Monthly meteorological data — Ancon, year 1912 229
Monthly meteorological data — Culebra, year 1912 230
Monthly meteorological data — Colon, year 1912 231
Comparative wind records — Ancon and Sosa 232
Monthly evaporation — Canal Zone, years 1912, 1913, and averages 232
Sea temperatures, 1912 233
Tidal conditions, 1912 233
Seismograph records, Ancon, fiscal year 234
Hydrology 235
Station equipment and field work 236
Freshets 237
Special work 238
Run-off at Alhajuela and Gatun 238
Monthly discharge of Chagres River, 1912, at Alhajuela, Gamboa,
and Gatun 239
Monthly discharge at Alhajuela and monthly yield at Gatun, Jan-
uary to June, 1913 240
Monthly maximum, minimum, and mean elevations for 1912 and
to June 30, 1913 241
Gatun Lake water supply 242
Principal freshets 243
Data on slopes of Chagres River during freshet period November
28-29,1912 243
TABLE OF CONTENTS. XI
Report of the assistant to the chief engineer, etc. — Continued. Page.
Section of general surveys 244
Mechanical work 244
Total cost of repairs per service day 245
Total cost of repairs to equipment 245
Average cost of dry excavation 245
Average cost of concrete laid 246
Cost of repairs to marine equipment 246
Traveling engineer 247
Inspection of lubricants and equipment 247
Consumption and cost 248
Fuel consumed 249
Statement of rolling stock owned by the commission 250
Statement of floating equipment on the Isthmus 251
Statement of equipment owned by the Panama Railroad 252
Office engineer 253
APPENDIX G.
Report of the inspector of shops, department of construction and engineering.. 255
Personnel 255
Total pay roll 257
Total overtime 257
Shop-expense per cent 258
Hostling 259
Cristobal shops 259
Porto Bello, Toro Point, and spillway shops 259
Dry-dock shops 259
Gatun shop 260
Gamboa shop 260
Gold Hill 260
Las Cascadas shop 260
Pedro Miguel shop 260
Empire shop 261
Ballaoa shop 261
Gorgona shop 261
Output and cost of iron castings 262
Output and cost of steel castings 262
Output and cost of brass castings 263
Mechanical division 263
Volume of work performed 264
Repairs to locomotives 264
Shop and field repairs 265
Repairs to equipment other than locomotives and cars 265
Number of employees on pay roll 265
Shop-expense percentage 265
Operation of electric-light plants 266
Output and cost of compressed air 267
APPENDIX H.
Report of the chief engineer, Panama Railroad relocation 269
Riprapping submerged embankments 269
Bascule Bridge, Monte Lirio 269
Automatic signals ,....,... ,.,...,.,, , 270
Xn TABLE OF CONTENTS.
APPENDIX I.
Page.
Report of cost-keeping accountant 273
Exhibit A.— Statement of construction expenditures to June 30, 1913 274
Total division cost for various units of work 275
Exhibit B. — Detailed cost per unit of work 276
Table 1. — Dry excavation 276
Table 2. — Dredging excavation 276
Table 3. — Hydraulic excavation 277
Table 4.— Masonry 278
Table 5.— Dry filling 279
Table 6.— Hydraulic filling 280
Table 8. — Breakwaters 280
Table 9. — Stone production 281
Table lO.^Sand production 281
Table 12.— Power plants 282
Exhibit C— Detailed cost to June 30, 1913 282
Exhibit D. — Performance sheets 286
Table 4. — Rock crusher 286
Table 3. — Unloading plant 286
Tables 1, 5, 6, and 7. — Mixing plants 286
Tables 2, 7, and 8. — Placing plants 286
Exhibit E. — Administrative and general expenses 287
Exhibit F. — Salary disbursements by departments and divisions 288
Exhibits to report (for Table of Contents, see p. 289) 290
APPENDIX J.
Report of the chief quartermaster, in charge of quartermaster's department 371
Organization 371
Personnel - 372
Labor 372
Quarters 373
Zone sanitation 374
Corrals 374
Building construction 375
Material and supplies 376
Receipts 376
Issues 377
Stocks 377
Operation of docks 378
Scrap 378
Sales 380
Exhibit 1. — Force actually at work on June 30, 1913 382
Exhibit 2. — Force report, by months (including contractor's force), fiscal
year 383
Exhibit 3. — High and low force records, December, 1906, to June 30, 1913. . 383
Exhibit 4. — Contract laborers brought to the Isthmus by commission 384
Exhibit 5. — Analysis of transportation from the Isthmus, fiscal year 384
Exhibit 6. — Occupants of commission quarters, June 30, 1913 386
Exhibit 7. — Applications for married quarters on file June 30, 1913 386
Exhibit 8. — Animals in corrals, June 30, 1913 386
Exhibit 9. — Number of buildings on the Canal Zone, June 30, 1913 387
Exhibit 10. — New construction, fiscal year 387
Exhibit 11. — Buildings sold and demolished, fiscal year 388
TABLE OF CONTENTS. XTTT
Report of the chief quartermaster, etc. — Continued. Pa„e
Exhibit 12. — Value of material received, fiscal year, on requisitions of the
various departments 389
Exhibit 13. — Freight statement, fiscal year 391
Exhibit 14.— Important items due on United States requisitions, fiscal
year 391
Exhibit 15. — Important items of material purchased from inception of canal
work, 1904, to June 30, 1913 392
Exhibit 16. — Important items of material received, fiscal year 393
Exhibit 17. — Classification of material in stock at storehouses 393
Exhibit 18. — Values of stock on hand at storehouses 394
Exhibit 19.— Material returned to stock by departments and divisions,
fiscal year 394
APPENDIX K.
Report of the subsistence officer in charge of subsistence department 395
Relative value of food consumed per meal in line hotels 396
Relative value of ration supplied European lalwrers' messes 396
Relative value of ration supplied common laborers' kitchens 397
Quantities and gross costs of principal articles consumed in line hotels, res-
taurants, messes, and kitchens 397
Comparative statement of profits and losses of Hotel Tivoli 398
Quantities and gross values of principal articles consumed at Hotel Tivoli. . 398
Profits resulting from department's operations 399
Repairs to Hotel Tivoli 399
Table 1. — Statement of operations, line hotels, restaurants, messes, and
"kitchens 400
Table 2. — Statement of operations, line hotels and restaurants 402
Table 3. — Statement of operations, European laborers' messes 404
Table 4. — Statement of operations, common laborers' kitchens 406
Table 5. — Statement of operations. Hotel Tivoli 407
Table 6. — Summary of operations 408
Table 7. — Summary of operations, Hotel Tivoli 409
APPENDIX L.
Report of the examiner of accounts 411
Canal Zone government accounts 414
Claims for injury and death 415
Accounting system for the permanent organization 418
Canal appropriations and expenditures 418
Tables submitted with report (for index see p. 420) 421
APPENDIX M.
Report of the disbursing officer 457
Meal tickets and coupon books issued during fiscal year 458
Payments made by the disbursing department on the Isthmus 458
APPENDIX N.
Report of the head of the department of civil administration 459
Legislation ■ 459
Relations with Panama and foreign representatives 461
Executive office, 461
Steamboat-inspection service 462
XrV TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Report of the head of the department of civil administration — Continued. Page.
Division of posts, customs, and revenues 463
Postal service 463
Customs service 465
Lands and biuldings 465
Taxes and license fees 466
Administration of estates 467
Summary of revenues and collections 467
Division of police and prisons 467
Division of fire protection 469
Division of public works 471
Division of schools 474
Canal Zone treasury and zone fimds 475
Courts 475
Appendices to report (for table of contents see p. 476) 478
APPENDIX O.
Report of the head of the department of law 511
Prosecuting attorney's office 514
Criminal cases in the circuit courts « 514
Criminal cases in the supreme court 517
Civil cases 517
In the first circiut 517
In the second circuit 517
In the third circuit 518
Land matters of the commission 518
Panama Railroad Co. matters 520
Circuit courts 520
In the first circuit 520
In the second circuit 521
In the third circuit 521
In the second circuit 522
In the third circuit 522
In the first circuit 522
Supreme court 523
Panama Railroad lands 523
Panama Raihoad leases in effect 525
APPENDIX P.
Report of the chief sanitary offi.cer, head of the department of sanitation 527
Letter of transmittal 527
Vital statistics:
Deaths of employees of the Isthmian Canal Commission and Panama Rail-
road 629
Deaths in the cities of Panama and Colon, and the Canal Zone 529
Deaths by age, color, and sex 530
Deaths by nationality 530
Causes of deaths of employees of the Isthmian Canal Commission and Pan-
ama Railroad Co 531
Deaths of white employees of the Isthmian Canal Commission and the Pan-
ama Railroad Co 532
Deaths of white women and children from the United States 533
Death rate among Americans on the fsthmus 533
TABLE OF CONTENTS. XV
Causes and places of deaths of employees and civil population 534
Discharges and deaths of employees in hospitals of the commission 537
Consolidated hospital report 541
Consolidated sick-camp report 542
Consolidated report of employees sick in quarters 542
Consolidated hospital, sick camp, and sick-in-quarters report 542
Consolidated dispensary report 543
Average number of employees constantly sick in hospitals, sick camps, and
quarters 543
Average number of days' treatment per employee in hospitals, sick camps, and
quarters 544
Subsistence and operating expenses 544
Outside patients treated in hospitals, and amounts collected for their treatment . 545
Surgical operations performed in hospitals 545
Operations and work performed in eye, ear, nose, and throat clinics 546
Consolidated ward laboratory report of all hospitals 547
Report of —
Ancon Hospital 547
Colon Hospital 548
Culebra Hospital 549
Palo Seco Leper Asylum 549
Taboga Sanitarium 55O
Santo Tomas Hospital 550
Board of Health Laboratory 55I
Issues of quinine 552
Sanitation:
Panama 552
Colon (including Cristobal, Mount Hope, Toro Point, and Margarita Point) . 552
Canal Zone 553
Quarantine service:
Panama-Ancon and Colon-Cristobal 553
Bocas Del Toro 553
Personnel report 553
Hospital-cases of malaria among employees 554
APPENDIX Q.
Report of the superintendent of club houses 555
Change in buildings 555
Membership 555
Entertainments 556
Bowling, billiards, and pool 556
Physical work and athletics 557
Religious work 557
Educational work 557
Refreshment counters 558
Visitation of the sick 558
Boys' department 558
Clubs 558
Visit of the Atlantic fleet 559
Finances 559
11834°— 13 -u
XVI TABLE OF CONTENTS.
APPENDIX R.
Page.
Report of the general purchasing officer and chief of the Washington office 561
APPENDIX S.
Report of the geologist (for table of contents see p. 565) 565
APPENDIX T.
Tables showing increases in salaries and personnel 583
Department of construction and engineering 583
Department of civil administration 600
Department of sanitation 602
Quartermaster's department 603
Department of disbursements 603
Department of law 603
Washington office 604
APPENDIX U.
Acts of Congress affecting the Isthmian Canal and Executive orders relating
to the Canal Zone (for index see p. 605) 607
APPENDIX V.
Cliarts showing organization of the Isthmian Canal Commission and Panama
Raihoad Co., July, 1913 (for index see p. 633) 633
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Frontispiece : Map showing Isthmus with completed canal.
APPENDIX A.
[Report of the assistant chief engineer, in charge of first division of the office of the chief engineer.]
Plate 1. Gatun lower locks. Lower guard gates, west chamber, ready for entrance of
Atlantic Ocean water. June 14, 1913.
2. Gatun lower locks. North entraTi.ce to west chamber, showing sea gates
under full pressure, keeping locks free from water. June, 1913.
3. Gatun lower locks. Looking north, showing west sea gates under pressure.
July 2, 1913.
4. Miter gate recess cover.
5. Hydroelectric plant, Gatun. General view of location and status of wx)rk.
From west wall of tailrace, looking southeast. June 27, 1913.
6. Gatun upper locks. Final test of east emergency dam . Dam swung across
lock, and wicket girders being lowered. May 20, 1913.
7. Gatun upper locks. Final test of east emergency dam. Dam swung across
lock, and third horizontal tier of gates being lowered. May 20, 1913.
8. Gatun upper locks. Final test of east emergency dam. Dam in closed
position across lock. May 20, 1913.
9. Gatun upper locks. East emergency dam in act of swinging across lock.
June 20, 1913.
10. Pedro Miguel Lock. East emergency dam. Driving pin for eye bar of
top chord. May 2, 1913.
11. Special milling machine for correcting fixed irons of rising stem valves.
Miraflores lower lock, east wall, looking upstream.
12. High tension oil switch group, transformer room equipment. Pedro Miguel
Lock.
13. Low-tension switchboard, transformer room equipment. Miraflores lower
lock.
14. Cylindrical valve machine No. 717, and control panel. Middle waU,
upper locks, Miraflores. Chamber walls, floor, and panel partially
completed. June 20^ 1913.
15. Range Tower No. 17, Gatun Lake section, showing submarine foundation.
16. Range Tower No. 18, Gatun Lake section.
17. Beacon No. 5, Pacific division. Typical concrete beacon marking limits
of channel between Balboa and Miraflores. Photograph taken at about
mean tide.
18. Typical unlighted beacon, two of which form a range marking the axes of
the shorter tangents in Gatun Lake.
Following plates, 78 to 87, in portfolio.
78. Mitering lock gates. Diagram showing progress in manufacture and erec-
tion.
79. Chain fender for locks. General assembly. All pits except Nos. 852, 853,
854, and 855. Lower approach to Miraflores Locks.
xvn
XVin LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS.
Plate 80. Chain fender for locks. General assembly of fenders in lower approach at
Miraflores Locks.
81. Lock entrance caisson. General drawing.
82. Lock entrance caisson. Typical cross frames, and cross frames at center
line No. 6 and No. 12.
83. Upper guard valves. Machinery for all locks. Assembly.
84. LTpper guard valves. Machinery for all locks. Assembly.
85. Towing tests. Limon Bay, April and May, 1913.
86. Typical sketch of erection tracks for emergency dam, all locks.
87. Lighting and buoying canal. West breakwater light and fog signal, ele-
vation and section.
APPENDIX B.
[Report of the division engineer, Atlantic division.]
Plate 19. Gatun lower locks, north end. The slide in the east bank, looking west
from top of slide. January 25, 1913.
20. Gatun lower locks. Placing iron girders on north approach wall. May
23, 1913.
21. Gatun lower locks. Interior \dew of north approach wall. May 26, 1913.
22. Gatun locks. North approach wall, looking northwest. Dredge grounded
55 feet below sea level. June 14, 1913.
23. Gatun Locks, looking north, showing intermediate and lower locks. June
25, 1913.
24. Sea-level section, north of Gatun Locks, showing causeway for track lead-
ing to dam. Atlantic entrance in the distance. July 18, 1913.
25. Gatun Locks, looking south, showing emergency dams and lake. June 20,
1913.
26. Gatun Dam and lake approach to locks. View from water tovrer, looking
west. July 13, 1913.
27. Gatun Dam. General view from west hill. May 26, 1913.
28. Gatun Dam. Paving lake elope. July 2, 1913.
29. Gatun Spillway Dam, showing all crest gates in position, water running
through temporary openings. June, 1913.
30. Toro Point Breakwater. View from lighthouse, showing derrick barges,
placing armor rock from Porto Bello. July 12, 1913.
31. Toro Point Breakwater. View from station 3500, looking toward shore.
Breakwater practically completed to this point. July 12, 1913.
Follotving plates, SS to 92, in portfolio.
88. General map of territory between Caribbean Sea and Gatun Lake.
89. Plan showing methods of construction, north end of Gatun Locks.
90. General plan of Gatun Locks and Dam.
91. Sections of Gatun Dam.
92. Section of Gatun Dam, showing progress to July 1, 1913.
APPENDIX C.
[Report of the divLsion engineer, central division.]
Plate 32. Canal channel. Looking north from Point No. 1, near Gamboa Bridge.
Width of channel 500 feet, surface of water 55 feet above sea level,
October, 1912.
33. Culebra Cut, north end, shofl'ing dike across the canal at Gamboa, and
the Chagres River. June, 1913.
34. Culebra Cut, Bas Obispo. Looking south from east bank. June, 1913.
LIST OF ILLUSTJIATIONS. XTX
Plate 35. Culebra Cut, Culebra. Completion of bottom pioneer cut, Bteam shovils
No8. 230 and 222 meeting at grade, looking north from west bank. May
20, 1913.
36. Culebra Cut. Looking north from one-quarter mile south of Suspension
Bridge at Empire. Cut completed at bridge. All tracks on completed
bottom of canal. June 16, J913.
37. Culebra Cut, Empire. liOoking north from Suspension Bridge, showing
cut completed, except toe of slide on right. Drainage ditch is below
bottom of canal. June 16, 1913.
38. Culebra Cut, Empire. Looking south from Suspension Bridge, showing
terracing on upper levels of east bank to prevent slides. Lower shovels
are working on bottom of canal. June 16, 1913.
39. Culebra Cut, Culebra. Deepest excavated portion of Panama Canal, show-
ing Gold Hill on the right and Contractors Hill on the left. June, 1913.
40. Culebra Cut, Las Cascadas. Looking north from east bank. June, 1913.
41. Culebra Cut, Empire. Break in east bank at La Pita (station 1651), tak-
ing in Obispo Diversion Channel, looking north. August 21, 1912.
42. Culebra Cut, Culebra. Break in east bank between stations 1746-1758.
Steam shovel No. 201 in midst of upheaved material and displaced
tracks, looking south. February 6, 1913.
43. Culebra Cut, Culebra. Break in the east bank between stations 1746-
1758. Top view of rear portion of slide, looking north. February 6,
1913.
44. Culebra Cut, Culebra. Bottom of canal, steam shovel No. 260 overturned
by slide from east slope. June 12, 1913.
45. Culebra Cut, Culebra. Looking north from west bank, south of Contrac-
tors Hill, showing shovel No. 256 caught in Cucaracha Slide. February
7, 1913.
46. Dump in Pacific Ocean, at Balboa, made from material taken from Culebra
Cut.
Following plates, 93 to 96, in portfolio.
93. Diagram of yardage and rainfall, central division.
94. Diagram of performance of steam shovels, central division.
95. Profile and yardage estimate.
96. Plan of Balboa dumps and Naos Island breakwater, showing location of
permanent townsites and proposed shops, dry docks, etc.
APPENDIX D.
[Report of the resident engineer, fifth division.)
Plate 47. Bird's-eye view Pedro Miguel Locks. June, 1913.
48. North guide wall and west dam, Pedro Miguel. June, 1913.
49. Miraflores lower locks. View looking north from west bank, showing
upper locks in the distance. April 16, 1913.
50. Miraflores lower locks. South guide wall, looking north. June, 1913.
51. Miraflores spillway dam, looking toward locks. July 5, 1913.
52. Hydraulic sluicing north of Gold Hill. July 22, 1913.
53. Sea level section. Blowing up the second dike south of Miraflores locks
to enable dredges to enter and complete excavation to last dike between
Pacific Ocean and Miraflores Locke. Amount of dynamite used was
]6| tons, in about 120 holes, 60 to 70 feet deep. May 18, 1913.
54. Beginning the erection of steel frames for the permanent administration
building at Balboa. Canal and Balboa terminal shops at the right.
June, 1913.
XX LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Following plates 97 to 102 in portfolio.
Plate 97. Concrete progress sheet. Pedro Miguel Locks.
98. Diagram showing monthly progress of sinking caissons. Foundation of
north approach wall Miraflores Lock.
99. Concrete progress sheet. Miraflores Locks.
100. Performance of plant. Concrete placed in the Miraflores and Pedro
Miguel locks and dams. June 30, 1913.
101. Performance of chamber cranes at Miraflores and Pedro Miguel Locks, to
June 30, 1913.
102. Map showing conditions as of Jun.e 30, 1913. Fifth division.
APPENDIX F.
[Report of the assistant to the chief engineer in charge of second division of the office of the chief engineer.]
Plate 55. General view of excavation for dry -dock approach and coaling plant,
Balboa.
56. Balboa new shops. Planing mill looking east, showing operating tunnel
in foreground. June 16, 1913.
57. Balboa new shops. Pattern storage, looking northwest. Foundry yard
crane running at right. Planing mill at left. June 17, 1913.
58. Operating tunnel, Balboa shops, for pipes and cables, showing how joints
in adjoining sections are made water tight by means of yellow metal
strips.
59. Forty-five-ton steam shovel on skids, rigged up to excavate for conduit
tunnel, Balboa shops, "moving up."
60. Reiuforced concrete caissons for Pier No. 1, Balboa, taken from inshore
end, looking toward canal.
61. Sinking reinforced concrete caissons for wharf at Balboa by weighting
them with concrete and cast-iron blocks.
Following plates 103 to 122, in portfolio.
103. Chart showing excavation and expenditures.
104. Balboa terminal docks. Manufacturing and sinking of caissons.
105. Balboa terminal docks. Standard section of concrete pier shell.
106. Balboa terminal docks. Bottom section of concrete pier shell.
107. Balboa terminal docks. Plant for manufacturing pier shells.
108. Annual rainfall along canal location, years 1911, 1912, and station averages,
109. Wind roses, year 1912.
110. Hydrograph of Gatun Lake. July to December, 1912, showing regulation
of sluice gates.
111. Hydrograph of Gatun Lake. January to June, 1913, showing regulation
of sluice gates.
112. Chagres drainage basin. Mass curves of net yield at Alhajuela.
113. Chagres drainage basin. Mass curves of net yield at Gamboa.
114. Chagres drainage basin. Mass curves of net yield at Gatun.
115. Chagres drainage basin. Curve of discharge duration. Alhajuela, 1912.
116. Chagres drainage basin. Curve of discharge duration. Gamboa, 1912.
117. Chagres drainage basin. Curve of discharge duration, 23 years, 1890-1912,
inclusive, by months. Alhajuela.
118. Chagres drainage basin. Curve of discharge duration, 23 years, 1890-1912,
inclusive, by months. Gamboa.
119. Chagres drainage basin. Curve of discharge duration, 23 years, 1890-1912,
inclusive, by months. Gatun.
120. Cross sections, Chagres River at Gamboa gauging station.
121. Profiles of Chagres River.
122. Rainfall, run-off, and retention curves, Gatun Lake watershed, river year
1912, 1913.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XXI
APPENDIX H.
[Beport of the chief engineer of the Panama Raih'oad relocation.]
Plate 62. Gatun River Bascule Bridge No. 140, looking east. Lift span just starting
to open.
63. Automatic signal No. 1054, looking north.
64. Automatic signals Nos. 654 and 655, at north end of Gatun passing track,
looking south.
APPENDIX S.
[Report of geologist.]
Plate 65. Hill type of topography, looking southward from Zion Hill, Culebra.
66. Hill type of topography, looking northward from Zion Hill, Culebra.
67. Coastal plain type of topography.
68. Geological section across the Isthmus.
69. Generalized section — Canal Zone formations.
70. Shows character of volcanic agglomerate.
71. Bedded rocks of Culebra formation.
72. Basalt dike cutting Cucaracha formation, in Culebra Cut.^
73. Emperador limestone beds, near Las Cascadas. "
74. Ancon Hill and quarry.
75. Gold Hill, showing northern fault contact.
76. Contractors Hill, showing fault contact.
77. Fault on west side of Culebra Cut south of Las Cascadas.
Plate in portfolio.
Plate 123. Geological cross sections of Culebra Cut showing sliding ground.
APPENDIX V.
[Charts showing organization of Isthmian Canal Commission and Panama Railroad Co., July, 1913.]
Plate 124. General organization of the Isthmian Canal Commission.
Isthmian offices.
Plate 125. Office force of chairman and chief engineer, assistant chief engineer, and
assistant to the chief engineer.
126. First division of chief engineer's office.
127. Second division of chief engineer's office.
128. Central division.
129. Atlantic division.
130. Fifth division of chief engineer's office.
131. Sixth division of chief engineer's office, and eecretary o^ the commissio.n..
132. Mechanical division.
133. Cliie"f quartermaster.
134. Subsistence officer.
135. Civil administration.
136. Chief sanitary officer.
137. Disbursing officer, examiner of accounts, and department of law.
138. Panama Railroad Co., including New York offices.
Washington offixx,
Plate 139. General piirchasing officer.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Isthmian Canal Commission,
Office of the Chairman,
Culebra^ Canal Zone^ September 15^ 1913.
Sir : I have the honor to submit the annual report for the Isthmian
Canal Commission for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
ORGANIZATION.
The organization continued as outlined in previous annual re-
ports, with but minor changes, until January 1, 191S. Mr. S. B.
Williamson, division engineer of the Pacific division, concluding
that the work of his division had advanced to such a state that the
commission was not warranted in continuing his position, tendered
his resignation, effective December 11, 1912; and it was reluctantly
accepted. This action necessitated a reorganization of the work on
the Pacific side. That part of it relating to the terminals, which
during the previous fiscal year had been assigned to the Pacific divi-
sion, was transferred to the second division, which had charge of
preparing the designs for the shops, dry docks, and coaling stations.
The locks, dams, spillway, dry excavation between and below the
locks, the quarry, and the municipal engineering work was organized
into the fifth division of the chief engineer's office and placed in
charge of Mr. H. O. Cole as resident engineer. The dredging and
the operations for the procurement of sand were constituted the
sixth division of the chief engineer's office, under Mr. W. G. Comber
as resident engineer.
The jurisdiction of the quartermaster's department extended from
Porto Bello to Balboa, and the timekeeping was centralized in the
chief quartermaster's office. To this force was later assigned the
timekeeping for the various offices at headquarters. When the first
division undertook the installation of the machinery at the locks
the timekeeping of this division was also turned over to the time-
keeping force of the quartermaster's department. The same was
done when the fortifications division was organized, and the results
U834°— 13 1 1
2 EEPOKT ISTHMIAN" CANAL COMMISSION.
obtained from this consolidation were so satisfactory as to lead to
the conclusion that economy, without any impairment of accuracy,
would result by consolidating all the timekeeping under one head.
Accordingly this was done gradually under the examiner of accounts,
in order that it might be properly started, and when all work of
this kind for all the departments and divisions, except the central
division, was combined, the timekeeping force was turned over as a
part of the organization of the fourth division of the chief engineer's
office on July 1, 1913.
For similar reasons the cost keeping that had formerly been done
by the various divisions of the work w-as gradually consolidated
under the chief accountant, so that at the close of the year he had
charge of all work of this character, with the exception of that of
the central and mechanical divisions.
An architectural force was organized under Mr. Austin W. Lord,
architect, July 1, 1912, to draw up the plans of the administration
building, a general scheme for the establishment of the new town
that is to be created at Balboa, near the Pacific entrance of the canal,
and to prepare designs for the houses for the permanent operating
force.
IVhen it was finally decided to turn the water into Culebra Cut
in October, 1913, and to complete the remaining excavation by
dredges, all the dredging on the Isthmus was combined under one
head, with a view to organizing the work so that the equipment
could be used to the best advantage. Effective May 1, 1913, the
dredging work under the Atlantic division was transferred to the
sixth division of the chief engineer's office, thus consolidating it with
the dredging organization of the Pacific side. On this same date
the dry-dock shops at Cristobal were transferred to the mechanical
division. n»
Effective May 1, 1913, a change was made in the offices of the
examiner of accounts and the disbursing officer by which the system
formerlj^ in vogue of separate checking of vouchers and pay rolls in
each office was eliminated, thereby conforming to the provisions of
the act of August 23, 1912, making appropriations for the legislative,
executive, and judicial expenses of the Government. The examiner
of accounts is now held responsible for the accuracy of the accounts
in all details.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING.
FIRST DIVISION.
The first division of the chief engineer's office, under Col. H. F.
Hodges, United States Army, assistant chief engineer, continued in
charge of the design of the locks, dams, regulating works, and acces-
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 3
scries ; the design and construction of aids to navigation ; the inspec-
tion of the manufacture and erection, under contract or otherwise,
of the lock gates, operating machinery, gates and valves, emergency-
dams, and chain fenders ; and of the placing of such concrete in the
locks as was omitted until the installation of the machinery.
The designing work for the locks, including all detail drawings
needed by the working force in the field, as well as for the spillways,
approach piers, and wing walls, was completed. After performing
some work for the second division on the coaling plants and canal
terminals, the force in charge of these designs was disbanded on
June 1, 1913.
The complete installation for a set of rising stem valves requires
setting the valves, placing the stems, roller trains, crossheads, motors,
and control panels. It developed that the fixed ironwork for guid-
ing the valves and for forming the water seals required correction
before installation could be begun. For all the valves at Gatun and
all but two at Pedro Miguel the corrections were made by chipping
and grinding with pneumatic hand tools; for the two at Pedro
Miguel and all the valves at Miraflores it was done by a specially de-
signed milling machine. Ninety-four per cent of the fixed irons had
been corrected at the close of the year. During the year 102 rising
stem valve chambers were prepared, including 50 at Gatun, 28 at
Pedro Miguel, and 24 at Miraflores, and 104 valves, including trains
and sealing devices, were placed in position in the locks. Of this
latter number, 48 were at Gatun, 28 at Pedro Miguel, and 28 at
Miraflores.
Tests were made, with satisfactory results, on 39 rising stem gate-
valve machines at Gatun, 20 at Pedro Miguel, and 8 at Miraflores.
All machines were given a preliminary and an acceptance test, the
latter consisting of 10 cycles made at five-minute intervals. The
thrust screws must run silently ; the temperature of the crosshead nuts
must not exceed 50° C., and no heavy vibration is permissible.
Six side-wall intake screens were placed at Gatun and the bulk-
heads to the center-wall intakes were removed and placed in the
outlet. At Gatun the four lower side-wall bulkhead gates were also
placed.
Guard valves were provided as duplicates to the upper rising stem
valves in emergency, or for use in closing the intakes in the side- wall
culverts for unwatering the culverts to permit access to other valves
for painting and repairs. The design of the machineiy for these
valves was completed in August, 1912. The design was determined
by the cramped position in which the machines had to be placed;
because of the infrequency of operation, as well as their slow speed,
it is simpler and cheaper than for the rising stem valve. On Novem-
ber 14, 1912, a contract was awarded for 18 complete machines^
4 REPOBT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
excepting the motors, limit switch, counterweight bases, and counter
weights, and 50 per cent of the machines were delivered before the
close of the year.
The last of the cylindrical valve machines purchased under con-
tract was delivered January 15, 1913. The mechanical installation
of the 120 cylindrical valves was completed June 1, 1913, and the
electrical work of installing control panels and cables with necessary
conduits for these machines was 41.6 per cent complete for all locks.
As the result of tests made to determine the leakage of the cylindrical
valves, it Avas decided to regrind all valves so as to allow a maximum
average opening around the seat of 0.004 of an inch. The operating
machinery is the same for both cylindrical valve and auxiliary culvert
valve machines, except that 60-inch and 36-inch strokes are required
for the 60-inch and 36-inch auxiliaiy culvert valves, respectively,
instead of the 32-inch stroke of the cylindrical valve. Tests were
made to determine the time required to open the various types of
valves, with the result that the cylindrical valves required 10 seconds,
the 60-inch auxiliary culvert valve 16 seconds, and the 36-inch auxil-
iary valve 10 seconds.
Tests of discharge were made on the cylindrical valve and the three
rising stem gate valves in the spillway. The first series of observa-
tions, with heads varying from 8.94 to 29 feet above the center of
the valve, gave values of the coefficient of discharge for the cylindri-
cal valve of 0.445 as the mean of three observations, and for the gate
valves of 0.592 as the mean of six observations. These observations
were complicated by the screens at the culvert entrances, which became
clogged with dirt and debris. After the screens had been removed
a considerably increased coefficient of discharge resulted for the
rising stem valves; the average of 58 observations, with an average
head of 29.81 feet above the middle point of the valve, gave a value
of the coefficient of 0.68. It is probable that a less favorable value
will be obtained in operating the lock culverts on account of the fric-
tion and changes of direction in the stream after it passes the valve.
The cylindrical valve was removed before the later and more reliable
observations were made.
During the year, 14 gates and 1 cnisson for the spillway at Gatun
and 8 gates and 1 caisson for the spillway at Miraflores were erected
complete, under contract, and the contract closed. The gates at
Gatun were installed in position on the dam. The Miraflores spill-
way was under construction and not ready for them. The draft
tubes for the hydroelectric station, which are placed on the east side
of the spillway dam at Gatun, were completed.
All the spillway gate machines and pirnips for unwatering the
counterweight pits, purchased under contract, were delivered during
the year and a satisfactory test was made of the first machine erected.
BEPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 5
The device for shifting the gate upstream a slight distance after it is
clear of the water and the mechanism for raising the roller train out
of the water after the pressure on the gate is relieved operated
properly. At the close of the year the mechanical work had been
started on 12 of the 14 machines at Gatun and 71 per cent of the
mechanical work on all machines was completed.
The construction and erection of the lock gates was continued dur-
ing the year under contract with the McClintic-Marshall Construc-
tion Co. dated June 21, 1910. All shop drawings were completed, as
was the manufacture of all material for the gates, aggregating 57,500
tons ; the final shipment was made in April. In addition, about 2,100
tons of structural work for spare parts were built and delivered on the
Isthmus, completing this part of the contract with the exception of a
few castings, bolts, and rivets. The spare parts comprise sufficient
material for partly or completely rebuilding any two-gate leaves on
the canal in case of accidental injury. The work of erecting the lock
gates proper began at Gatun May 17, 1911, at Pedro Miguel August
7, 1911, and the first work at Miraflores was done on September 10,
1912. At the beginning of the fiscal year work was in progress on
half the total number in all the locks, but none of them had been en-
tirely completed. The total amount of steel assembled was only
19,361 tons or about 34 per cent of the total, and much of this was only
partly reamed and riveted. The total number of field rivets was
about 963,000, or about 18 per cent of a total of over 5,700,000. The
work had been allowed to drag so that the task of completing it
within a reasonable time seemed hopeless. The contractors decided
upon a change in their local management and, beginning about Sep-
tember 1, installed much additional machinery, largely increased
their force, and arranged for more efficient supervision. Within a
few months the improvements in the organization became manifest;
a high degree of efficiency was reached, with a correspondingly large
increase in the work done. Some idea of the improvement may be
judged from the fact that during the month of March a maximum
of 660,000 rivets were driven, while the highest number driven in any
one month prior to September 1, 1912, was 213,000. On June 30,
1913, over 97 per cent of all material was assembled in the gates. All
the leaves in the west chamber at Gatun and in the east chamber at
Pedro Miguel had been stepped on their pintles, and all the leaves in
the west chamber at Miraflores, excepting the two leaves of the oper-
ating gate in the lower chamber. All the guard gates were complete
except those at the lower end of Miraflores locks, and the guard gates
at both ends of the Gatun locks had been permanently closed at the
end of the fiscal year. Those at the upper end were put in service
about July 20, 1912, and the lower guard gates were closed June 11,
6 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
1913 ; the latter sustain the maximum working head of about 40 feet
without appreciable leakage.
A supplemental contract was entered into with the contractors
under date of January 14, 1913, by which certain restrictions gov-
erning pajanents were modified, as the original provisions proved to
be unnecessarily severe and it was clear that a more speedy com-
pletion would be assured by relaxing. The modification provides
for successive ])artial payments on each gate when the assembling,
riveting, finishing, and painting have been completed and accepted.
A further supplemental agreement was signed May 20, 1913, which
gave an extension of time for completing the gates. A number of
delays occurred for which, according to the terms of the contract, the
contractors could not be held responsible. These were in part due
to shipwrecks and strikes, as well as delays caused by the commis-
sion. The rate under which the liquidated damages are to be com-
puted was increased, while, on the other hand, new and later dates
were fixed for the completion of the several gates. June 1, 1913,
was the date fixed for the upper guard gates at Pedro Miguel, and
June 15 for the guard gates at the lower approaches to Gatun and
Pedro Miguel and the upper approach to Miraflores Locks. The
lower guard gates at Miraflores are to be finished by September 1,
1913, and all the other gates necessary to permit the lockage of
vessels through one side of each flight, from ocean to ocean, must be
completed not later than October 1, 1913, while the date of final
completion for all the remaining gates is fixed at January 1, 1914,
for Gatun and Pedro Miguel, and March 1, 1914, for Miraflores.
From the progress being made by the contractors these dates will
be anticipated unless some unforeseen contingency should arise. The
total weight of all gates on the canal, excluding pumps, floats and
float switches, motors and conduits, and other electrical apparatus,
the castings for attaching the oi^erating struts, and the miter forc-
ing machines, is 57,552 tons. The castings and structural parts to
be embedded in the masonry were in part furnished under the con-
tract for the lock gates and were erected by tlie commission in con-
nection with the concrete construction. The total amount thus far
expended is $4,820,019.32, of which $4,065,392.01 was paid under the
contract, and the balance of $754,627.31 was for inspection and
division charges.
The entire shipment of miter gate-moving machines was completed
during May, 1913, but the work has been handicapped by the non-
receipt of parts that it is necessary to embed in the concrete and about
which the erection of the whole machine hinges. At the end of the
fiscal year 86 per cent of all machines had been installed. The elec-
trical work in connection with these machines was 24.2 per cent
completed at the close of the year.
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 7
The miter gate-moving machines had been in^itallecl complete on
the upper guard gates at Gatun, and a test was made of this ma-
chinery on- July 31, 1912. The gate-moving machine was adjusted
so that when the strut arm was at dead center on the crank gear
the gates were closed with a compression of the strut for one leaf
of five-thirty-seconds inch and for the other leaf of nine-thirty-
seconds inch. The limit switches were adjusted so that the gate
traveled from its full miter position to the opposite position in the
recess, at which point the machine was again on dead center. The
gates were started from a miter position and opened to their full
position in the recess and again closed. The time of operation of
one leaf Avas 1 minute and 51 seconds and for the other 1 minute
and 50-| seconds. The operation was completed a second time. Dur-
ing both operations the mitering of the leaves was perfect. The gates
also had installed a miter-forcing machine which had been pur-
chased under contract, and this was tested out on the same date, under
approximately actual operating conditions. One leaf was left in its
closed position and the other opened a distance of 2 inches. The
miter-forcing machine was then operated and it brought the gate to
within three-fourths inch of perfect miter. Another trial, with an
opening of 3| inches, brought the gate to a point five-eighths inch from
miter. During these tests the miter- forcing machine was operating
against the resistance imposed by the strut. As the result of the
test several changes were made and the option under the contract of
purchasing the remainder of the miter-forcing machines required for
all the locks was allowed to lapse and new proposals invited. Under
the new contract all the machines required have been delivered. The
work of installation, however, was delayed on account of noncom-
pletion of the work on the structural gate parts.
An account of the studies made to determine the most desirable
type of chain fender, together with a description of the design se-
lected for the construction of a trial unit, was given in the annual
report for 1911. Under the contract entered into on November 4,
1911, all material for the trial fender was delivered on the Isthmus
by December, 1912. The erection was begun about January 1 and
practically completed by March 1, 1913. During the months of
March and April a number of tests were made. The first series con-
sisted of raising and lowering the chain by operating the centrifugal
pumps, and the generaf operation of the machine, including the ac-
tion of the moving cylinders, girders, and the passing of the chain
over the sheaves, was satisfactory from the beginning. The pumps
and their motors were of sufficient capacity to raise and lower the
chain injthe specified time — one minute. The chain dropped uni-
formly from both lock walls and, in its final position, rested at the
bottom for the full width of the lock chamber, with its vertical parts
8 EEPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
entirely within the chases in the walls. A second series of experi-
ments was made by use of a Lidgerwood imloader to test the opera-
tion of the fender under conditions somewhat similar to those that
will preA'ail when the chain is struck by a moving vessel. Under
such circumstances the chain will gradually pay out, touching the
curved surface of the hawsepipe castings in the walls, over a con-
stantly increasing arc of contact. The movement will be resisted in
part by the friction of the chain along the hawsepipes. in part by the
internal friction of the machinery, but mainh^ by the hydrostatic
pressure which acts against the upper surface of the moving cylinder.
In the final tests made the maximum pressure reached 630 pounds
per square inch, when the chain parted near or on one of the lower
sheaves. This pressure corresponded to a stress on the chain of less
than one-half the breaking strength obtained in the shop tests. The
results obtained seem to warrant the belief that a vessel, unless of
very great size or moving at excessive speed, can be checked or
stopped without breaking the chain, provided the latter is struc-
turally sound. The great tidal range below Miraflores locks made a
modified design necessary. The same system of cylinders is used
and the machinery in all its parts is practically the same, but the
chain is stretched across the lock at either of two levels, according
to the stage of the tide. The chain is endless and, by a stop mecha-
nism, may be operated electrically from the central control house.
The chain that passes through either hawsepipe is connected with
the operating machinery and is raised or lowered, that which passes
through the other hawsepipe remaining at rest.
Plans and specifications for the floating caissons, referred to in
previous annual reports, were completed and invitation for proposals
issued on May 23, 1913. The caissons will be used for closing the
upper and lower entrances to the lock chambers when unwatering
them, and will contain a pumping plant of sufficient capacity for
pumping out the locks. They are ship caissons, with vertical ends
and curved surfaces throughout. Their extreme length is 113 feet 10
inches, molded breadth 36 feet, breadth of the top deck 18 feet, and
depth at the side 65 feet. With fixed ballast only, the caissons will
float at a draft of 32 feet, which will be increased to a maximum of
61 feet by flooding them when they are put in place on the deepest
sills. Trinuning tanks are provided to keep the caissons on even keel.
The pumping system Avill include 4 centrifugal pimips of the volute
type with a 20-inch discharge, besides a small auxiliary pump. The
capacity of each of the large pumps is specified at 13,000 gallons per
minute, which will insure the unwatering of any of the locks within
25 hours. The flooding of the caissons will be done by grjjvity and
two of the four large pumps are arranged for pumping them out.
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. ^
The punips and ventilating fan will be electrically driven, while the
cranes and windlasses will be operated by hand.
All the remaining parts of the towing track material to be furnished
under contract were delivered on the Isthmus before the close of the
year. The total amount delivered aggregated approximately 53,950
linear feet and at the close of the year 3G,908 linear feet had been
installed complete with concrete, and 11,168 linear feet had been
distributed and bolted up ready to be aligned and concreted. The
installation of most of the return track has been performed by the
Atlantic and Pacific divisions during their construction work.
Bids were invited for towing locomotives on design prepared by
the electrical subdivision, and a contract was entered into for furnish-
ing 1 locomotive with the option of purchasing 39 more, or of substi-
tuting for this locomotive one built according to the design submitted
by the successful bidder. The locomotive was delivered on the
Isthmus January 25, 1913, and ready for operation February 7, after
which it was tested. The result of the test developed defects, so that
changes and improvements were necessary in order to fulfill the con-
ditions required. While the contract provided for making minor
changes if found necessary, the changes and improvements which it
was decided should be made in order to make the machine satis-
factory could not be classed as minor ones. As a result, advantage
was taken of the option in the contract and an order was placed for
the required number of locomotives on the design submitted by the
General Electric Co., abandoning the design of the commission.
A series of tests was made in Limon Bay on ships of the Panama
Eailroad fleet, at various speeds and rates of acceleration, to serve as
a check on the basis used for the design of the towing locomotives.
The size of the ships ranged from 3,500 tons to 10,400 tons displace-
ment at actual draft at the time of the tests, A tug was used which
could exert a maximum pull at standstill of about 15,000 pounds.
A manila towrope of 7-inch girth indicated a pull on a dynamometer
consisting of spiral springs working between circular end plates with
a steel scale for indicating the compression of the springs. The start
was made from rest, in position alongside the dock, and the ship
accelerated to the desired speed as quickly as the power of the tug
permitted. The speed was then held constant until a sufficient num-
ber of readings had been obtained to insure representative results.
Headings were taken of dynamometer pull, tug speed, angle of tow
line with center line of tug, angle of tow line with ship, and ship's
bearings, at intervals of 30 seconds throughout the run.
The total amount of insulated cable on order to date for all classes
of work on locks and hydroelectric station, including the under-
ground lines from the hydroelectric station to the locks, aggregates
2,372,110 feet, of which 1,394,600 feet are lead-sheathed cable and the
10 KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSIOlJ.
remainder, 977,510 feet, rubber-covered double-braided wire and
cable. About 93 per cent of the total amount required has been
delivered complete. A total of 462,729 feet of lead-sheathed cable
has been pulled into the ducts, and a large part of the remaining
ducts has been rodded and cleaned and is wired with fish wires for
pulling in the remainder of the cable as needed. All cable is pulled
in ducts by a special winch made on the Isthmus and driven by a
small motor. The cable is greased and pulled through the ducts at
the rate of 70 feet per minute. A few lengths as long as 900 feet,
where duct conditions were favorable, were pulled without undue
strain on the cable or appreciable abrasion of the lead sheath. A
large number of observations were taken to determine the amount
of pull for various lengths and combinations of different cables.
During the year the control scheme for the various locks was
completed and contemplates the control of every piece of machinery
in the lock walls from a central station, situated on the center wall
of the upper locks, where an uninterrupted view of the entire lock
or flight of locks may be had. In this house is located a control
switchboard connected with every local control panel and indicating
mechanism. The switchboard is so arranged that the indicator and
control switch of each gate or valve machine is placed in the same
relative position to other indicators and control switches as that
occupied by the actual machines, so that by means of red and green
lights and small models of gates and valves operated by synchronous
transmitting mechanisms the operator in the control tower is able
to tell at a glance the condition in any part of the locks from the
SAvitchboard indications. It is expected that the first board will be
shipped b}^ August 1.
The general features of the illumination of the locks were described
in the last annual report. A hollow concrete pole with concrete
bracket arms and reflectors was designed by the architect for sup-
porting the lamps for exterior illumination of the locks and grounds.
The center-wall poles carry a single bracket and lamp projecting
toward the chamber, and the side-wall poles carry double bracket
lamps, so as to give a broad illumination over the lock chambers and
the ground surrounding the locks. The poles are arranged in 4 rows
along the wliole length of the locks, 1 row on each side wall and 2
on the center wall. They are spaced approximately 100 feet apart,
with the lamps 30 feet above the coping level. The lighting units
used are 110- volt, 500- watt Mazda lamps.
The generating equipment for the hydroelectric plant was deliv-
ered during the year, including the main generators and turbines,
with exciter sets, traveling crane, penstocks, head gates, and oper-
ating machinery. The steelwork for the hydroelectric station was
purchased under contract, and the delivery was completed before
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 11
the end of the year. The erection of the penstocks is complete and
all turbines have been set. The balance of the work of installation
is dependent upon the completion of the building for housing the
electrical equipment.
During the year it was decided to install for the transmission line
an overhead system of 44,000 volts, extending from Balboa to Cris-
tobal, and connecting the Gatun hydroelectric power station with
the present Miraflores steam power station, so that they may be
operated separately or in parallel, as necessary. Four substations
are provided, and located at Cristobal, Gatun, Miraflores, and Balboa.
The complete line consists of duplicate three-phase lines, one of which
is carried on each side of track-span bridges spaced 300 feet apart on
tangents and 200 feet on curves along the whole length of the
Panama Railroad. The bridges are of structural steel, with a clear
track span of 36 feet, and an over-all height of 40 feet. The con-
ductors are to be 2/0 stranded copper wire spaced with a clearance of
5 feet. They are supported from brackets outside of towers, with
three-part suspension insulators, with noncorroding connecting links
to allow a maximum life and a minimum of line troubles.
During the year the remaining shop drawings for the emergency
dams were completed and approved. Full-sized tests were made
upon the gates prior to shipment, as required under the specifica-
tions, the object being to insure that the friction upon the rails will
not be so great as to prevent the lowering of the gates by their weight
alone, and that no objectionable distortions or permanent sets will be
produced by the maximum pressure to which the gates will be sub-
jected. Practically all structural material for the turning and wedg-
ing machinery for the emergency dams was shipped to the Isthmus
and, with a few exceptions, has arrived in excellent condition. The
assembling of the east dam at Gatun was begun July 1, 1912, and was
practically completed on March 1, 1913. Erection of the west dam
was begun on November 9, 1912, and was practically completed in
five and a half months, or March 1, 1913. The material for the west
dam at Pedro Miguel was received in time to begin erection on
February 1, 1913, and practically all of the material has been assem-
bled. Work was begun on April 1, 1913, on the east dam, and by
June 30 over 50 per cent of the material had been assembled in the
structure and 30 per cent of the riveting had been completed. De-
livery of material for the east and west dams at Miraflores began on
May 1, 1913, and up to the end of the fiscal year about 840 tons had
been received. The erection of the east dam was begun on June 1,
1913, and of the west dam on June 13, 1913. On May 20 the con-
tractor began the final tests of the dam on the east side at Gatun,
the total time for closing in the first test being 1 hour 1 minute and
12 REPORT ISTHMIAliT CANAL COMMISSION.
30 seconds. After three complete operations of the dam, as required
by the contract, the second part of the test was started, consisting of
operating the turning and wedging machinery for 20 days, at inter-
vals depending upon the heating of the motors. These tests were
made principally for the purpose of limbering up the turning and
wedging machinery. After completing the second part of the tests,
three additional complete operations were made in accordance with
the contract ; the last completely closed the passage in 42 minutes and
17 seconds, which was 19 minutes and 13 seconds less than the time
occupied in the first test.
Under the aids to navigation 12 range towers were completed, with
some minor exceptions in the Gatun Lake section. These towers are
of reenforced concrete, with heights from base to focal plane varying
from 28 feet 10 inches to 87 feet 10 inches. Three skeleton tower
beacons, marking the edges of the channel between Balboa and
Miraflores, were completed. Eighteen concrete-steel reference and
range targets were completed in the Gatun Lake section. There will
be approximately 32 of this type, by means of which gas buoys may
be located from previously determined angles. At Bohio, Pena
Blanca, Caimito, Mamei, Juan Grande, and Bas Obispo these refer-
ence targets also form unlighted ranges which mark the axes of the
short tangents at those places. The reenforced concrete caisson for
the west breakwater light and fog signal, which was begun in June
of last year, was completed up to a height of 25 feet and was sunk
at the inner end of Limon Bay in 20 feet of water, where it will re-
main until its riprap foundation at the outer end of the breakwater
has reached its final settlement. The plans for the west breakwater
light and fog signal were revised under the supervision of the archi-
tect and the revised structure supersedes the one shown in the last
annual report. Fifty-one concrete buoj^ sinkers 48 by 48 by 2G inches
and forty-five 24 by 24 by 18 inches were constructed at the Balboa
plant of the lighthouse subdivision. A reenforced concrete wharf 70
feet long and 30 feet wide, adjoining the small boat landing at
Gatun, was built for use of the lighting establishment of the canal by
the Panama Railroad. It will he used for storing, painting, and re-
pairing gas and spar buoys belonging to the Gatun Lake section.
Experiments were made with Tungsten lamps having a spirally
wound filament concentrating the light source to spheres of one-half
inch for 100-watt and five-eighths inch for 150-watt lamps and, as
these proved successful, that type of lamp will be used throughout
for all electrically lighted range towers and beacons. Experiments
were also made for special flashing devices and lamp shifters for
electrically lighted towers and beacons and bids for their manufac-
ture will be asked for in the near future.
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 13
Approximately 250 acres of canal prism from San Pablo to Pena
Blanca were cleared of trees and brush, and approximately 180 acres
of land were cleared of trees in the vicinity of Mamei for the dredg-
ing division.
For detailed information concerning the operation of this division,
attention is invited to Appendix A.
ATLANTIC DIVISION,
The work of this division embraces the construction of the locks
and dam at Gatim, the quarry at Porto Bello, the sand supply, the
breakwater for the shelter of shipping and protection of the chan-
nel at Limon Bay, the municipal improvements in Colon and the
various settlements embraced within the territorial limits of the
division, and such sanitary engineering work within the same limits
as is prescribed by the sanitary department. The work of excavat-
ing the channel between the Gatun locks and deep water in the
Caribbean was in charge of this division until May 1, 1913, when it
was transferred to the sixth division of the chief engineer's office.
On this same date the dry dock and shops were transferred to the
mechanical division. The work of the division is in charge of Lieut.
Col. William L. Sibert, United States Army, as division engineer.
At the beginning of the fiscal year dredges were at work excavat-
ing an area north of the caisson sills of the locks, within which the
flare or wing walls and the north approach pier were to be con-
structed. The wing walls are built on rock and the approach pier
partly on rock, but for the greater part on piling. For the former it
was necessary in some places to remove material to a depth of 70
feet below sea level in order to uncover the rock; and as the dredges
could excavate only to a depth of 41 feet, the level of the pool had
to be lowered for them to perform the work. To accomplish this
a clay dam was built across the cut excavated by the dredges to
reach the area, and, when completed, the water in the resulting
inclosure was lowered by pumping with the dredges. The excava-
tion for the flare walls was carried well to the rear and made suf-
ficiently wide for the walls and for a rock fill which was to sustain
the material back of it from sliding as the water was lowered. This
fill also formed a foundation on which to carry the cableway tracks.
It was anticipated that by extending the rock fill to the north the
cableway tracks could be laid, so that the construction plant could
be used to build the entire length of the center approach wall; be-
cause of the softness of the material, which, as the water receded,
assumed a slope of 1 on 13 in some portions, this plan had to be
abandoned.
14 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
For the approach pier the dredges removed material to a
depth of 55 feet below sea level and for a width of 140 feet along
the center of the excavated area. On completion of the dredging
in November, 1912, the pit was filled with water, the clay dam re-
moved, a dipper dredge and one suction dredge taken out, and one
suction dredge, a pump barge, and two coal barges left inside the
area. The clay dam was then rebuilt and water pumped out, ex-
posing the foundations. The dredge was grounded at 55 feet below
sea level and was used to keep the water below the foundations.
Two steam shovels worked over that portion of the center wall
foundations where rock appeared, and also excavated such material
from the approach to the west locks as could be handled by them.
The channel excavation and the preparation of the foundations were
accomplished by shovel, crane, cableways, and by hand.
The flare walls are built solid. The north approach wall or pier
is 58 feet wide and consists of a series of piers placed 50 feet centers
longitudinally and 40 feet laterally, in which direction they are
connected by arches of 22-foot span, while longitudinally they are
spanned by steel girders incased in concrete. In plan the piers are
therefore 10 feet by 18 feet. The piers rest upon a slab of con-
crete, heavily reenforced with old rails near the top and bottom,
built on the piling. The first six of the openings north of the locks
are closed by curtain walls to prevent objectionable cross currents
while the locks are emptying. The plan originally contemplated
a pier 1,200 feet in length, measured from the angle of the flare walls.
In December, 1912, the division engineer recommended that the wall
be shortened 200 feet, A slide had occurred at the north end of the
pit when it was dewatered, covering the foundation of this portion of
the wall, and the removal of this slide, which would have to be done
largely by hand, would be tedious and require considerable time;
furthermore, this would make the north approach wall correspond
more nearly to the one at the south, which is 994.5 feet long. The
local conditions where the south wall was terminated were such
as to make the cost of building the additional length prohibitive;
however, as a considerable saving in time of completion would re-
sult, the recommendation was approved and the length of the north
approach pier was therefore fixed at 1,000 feet. The foundation for
the pier required the driving of 5,000 piles, aggregating 200,549
linear feet, at a cost of $0.5504 per foot. For the curtain walls
5,657 feet of sheet piling were driven. On January 25, 1913, while
this work was in progress, a slide occurred on the east side, which
covered a large part of the foundation with from 6 to 18 feet of
material, largely mud, destroying two of the pile drivers and delay-
ing the work. The material was partly removed by crane and hand,
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 15
but largely by sluicing and pumping, the dredge handling the
material from the sump into which it was washed.
The concrete in the flare walls was laid by the cableways, which
were also used for so much of the center pier as could be reached by
them. The remaining portion of the latter was laid by cranes and
by means of dump cars operated by construction locomotives, the
concrete being supplied by the cableways through hoppers and chutes.
The total amount of concrete laid in the locks proper aggregated
164,750 cubic yards; of this amount 137,218 cubic yards were classed
as plain concrete, and cost $6.5383 per cubic yard; the balance was
reenforced, and cost $10.5762 per cubic yard. In addition, 5,530
cubic yards of concrete were used for the construction of lamp-posts
and their bases, snubbing-button bases, machinery-room covers, con-
trol house, paving between the upper lock and the Panama Railroad
station, under the emergency dams, and for the work of the first
division, making the total handled by the Atlantic division 170,280
cubic yards. The total amount of concrete laid in the locks by the
Atlantic division up to the close of the fiscal year therefore aggre-
gated 2,040,715 cubic yards, at an average division cost of $7.1220
per cubic yard.
Last fall it was estimated that the concrete work of the locks would
be completed by July 1, 1913. By shortening the north approach
pier 200 feet, all the concrete, except miscellaneous finishing, was
completed on June 14, 1913. The miscellaneous work consists of
lamp-post bases, snubbing-button bases, mooring-post bases, stair-
well parapets, paving, and the closing of a few openings which were
left for construction purposes. Of the amount of concrete laid dur-
ing the year, 2,742 cubic yards were produced by auxiliary mixers,
1,944 cubic yards were mixed by hand, and the balance by the 2-yard
mixers installed in the construction plant.
In addition to handling sand from the barges to the stock pile,
the unloading cableways were used for transferring sand and rock
from the stock piles to the tunnel hoppers and for loading rock for
sale to outside parties. There was sufficient broken stone in storage
so that none was crushed during the year. A total of 171,866 cubic
yards was taken from the storage pile for use by the division, 1,568.5
cubic yards for issue to other divisions and sale to outside parties.
To the storage pile on hand at the beginning of the year 43,851 cubic
yards of sand were added, secured from the Chagres River by means
of a suction dredge. This sand cost $0.5188 per cubic yard delivered
in stock. Cement delivered in bags, amounting to 225,000 barrels,
was received and handled, partly by barges from the ship and crane
into the cement shed, and partly by car transfer, then by hand into
the shed. Of the amount on hand, 287,000 barrels were^ issued for
16 BEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
The back filling of the side walls and the filling of the center wall
was made of material obtained from borrow pits and from the canal
prism, aggregating 637,226 cubic yards, all of it removed by steam
shovels. Of this amount, 565,756 cubic yards were placed behind the
side walls at a cost of $0.3805 per cubic yard, and 15,872 cubic yards
in the center wall by the cableways at a cost of $0.8320 per cubic
yard. The total amount of material used for back fill up to June
30, 1913, aggregated 2,027,830 cubic yards placed behind the side
walls at an average cost of $0.4586 per cubic yard, and a total of
113,163 cubic yards placed in the center wall at a cost of S0.7780 per
cubic yard. Teams and scrapers were put to work in March, 1913,
and continued to the end of the fiscal year bringing the back fill to
final grade and for the construction of a wagon road along the east
side of the locks. About 1,500 cubic yards of material were handled
in this way, at a total expenditure for this purpose of $9,296.82. It
was decided to pave the exposed surface of the back fill between the
locks and the Panama Railroad station with concrete slabs 5 feet by
5 feet by 6 inches, extending from elevation 78 to the top of the slope,
and laid on from 4 to 6 inches of broken stone from Ancon quarry.
Below this concrete paving the slope was to be covered with riprap
stone down to elevation 74. The concrete paving was estimated to
cost $8,000. On June 30, 1913, the surfacing of broken stone
was completed and 125 square yards of the concrete paving hpd been
finished at a total cost for the latter to that date of $1,172.91.
The lamp-posts and bases for illuminating the locks were con-
structed by this division, the bases erected in place, and the lamp
standards cast; of the latter, 211 were made at a cost of $149.4299 per
lamp-post.
The construction of the control house, designed by the first division,
in conjunction with the architect, for the Gatun locks was begun in
April, 1913. At the close of the year the three floors and the walls
for the first and second stories of the building were completed; the
total amount expended was $20,287.51.
At the close of the previous fiscal year the Gatun Dam had been
raised to an elevation of 103.35 feet for a length of 1,000 feet east of
the spillway, and for the balance of this portion of the dam the dry
fills had reached a general elevation of 96 feet and the hydraulic fill
between them a general elevation of 85 feet. On the portion of the
dam west of the spillway the north and south fills had reached a gen-
eral elevation of 98 feet and the hydraulic fill an elevation of 87 feet
at the spillway and 78 feet at the drains located in the northwest
corner of the dam.
At the close of the fiscal year just ended sufficient material had
been added to raise the dam to practically its full height, with 3 to 5
feet additional along the axis to allow for settlement. The dry
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 17
fill was secured from the borrow pit which had been opened during
the previous fiscal year, beyond the west end of the dam, and the
clay used to top off the hydraulic fill from borrow pits north of the
dam and in the vicinity of the locks. From two to six steam shovels
were engaged in procuring this material and removed 2,159,159 cubic
yards, borrow-pit measurement, of which 922,877 cubic yards were
designated as rock. The hydraulic fill was supplied by three pipe-
line suction dredges operated in borrow pits upwards 1| miles dis-
tant, the maximum lift being 100 feet. The total amount handled,
borrow-pit measurement, was 493,145 cubic yards. The hydraulic
fill was stopped in September, 1912. No complete survey was made
during the fiscal year, but partial cross sections were run monthly
until February, 1913, from which the material in place was calcu-
lated, and for the following months, estimates were based on borrow-
pit measurement. Under these circumstances it is estiraat-ed that the
dry fill deposited aggregated 1,714,367 cubic yards, or a loss of 21
per cent of the borrow-pit measurement, due to consolidation. Of
the hydraulic fill, it was estimated that there was a loss of 324,141
cubic yards Or 65.8 per cent due to waste through drain pipes, leak-
age, and consolidation. The total consolidated fill for the year ag-
gregated 1,967,841 cubic yards. The cost of the dry fill in place
amounted to $0.3755 per cubic yard and of the hydraulic fill $0.2654
per cubic yard. Levels were run monthly with a view to determin-
ing settlement, observations being taken on hubs placed about 250
feet apart longitudinally and about 100 feet apart transversely.
On the morning of August' 29 a bulging and sliding movement
began along the north slope of the dam near the west end. At 7
o'clock in the morning of this date the track which was at the top of
the dry fill, elevation 101, settled vertically about 3 feet over a length
of about 200 feet, while the track at elevation 63, down the sl(3pe,
showed slight indications of movement. In tlie afternoon of the
same day a lateral displacement of 8.8 feet had occurred on tlie
85-foot contour and 5.1 feet on the 50-foot contour; there was no
movement on the 30-foot contour. On the morning of August 30 a
further settlement and bulging had occurred, giving an additional
lateral movement of 3.4 feet on the 85-f9ot contour, 3.2 feet on the
50-foot contour^ while the toe of the slope still remained undis-
turbed. By the morning of August 31 a still greater displacement
had occurred, adding 8.6 feet to the lateral movement on the 85-foot
contour, 9- feet on the 50-foot contour, wliile the foot of the slope was
pushed out laterally 6.2 feet on the 30-foot contour. The movement
continued through September 1 and ceased September 2. The maxi-
mum vertical settlement of the track at elevation 101 was 20 feet,
extending for a distance of 750 feet along the crest, affecting not only
the hydraulic fill but the north slope of the dry fill to the south of it.
11834°— 13 1
18 KEPOET I&THMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
The total lateral displacement along the 85-fooit contour was 33.9
feet, on the 50-foot level 31.2 feet, and on the 30-foot contour 18.1
feet. The south slope of the dam remained undisturbed. The slope
of the portion of the dam which moved was originally fixed at 1 on 5
(section DD, plate 19, annual report, 1909), and this was authorized
" because the rock is near the surface and fairly horizontal. The
only thing to be provided against in this slope is the slipping of the
dam material on itself." Because of the character of the material
along this portion underlying the structure there could be no question
that the movement was within the dam itself, consequently test pits
were not resorted to as in the case of the movement on the east part
of the dam, reported a year ago. A line of wash borings with drive
samples was made. These borings clearly indicated that the relative
proportions of hydraulic fill and dry fill which would bring about the
desired section of hydraulic fill — wedge shape, with the point down —
had not been secured, but that on the contrary the hydraulic fill in
section was the opposite of this. Furthermore, it was evident that
provision had not been made against the slipping of the dam
material on itself. As in the case of the movement on the north
face of the east portion of the dam, the toe was heavily reenforced
and the slope flattened to an average of about 1 on 7.67.
To prevent injury to the dam that might result from wash of the
south slope by waves in the lake caused by strong south winds, which
prevail at times, it was necessary to pave such portion of this slope
as is liable to such action. Concrete paving was at first considered,
but because of settlement, due to consolidation and the irregularity of
the surface, it was decided to use riprap laid on broken stone. It was
estimated that waves 5 feet in height might at times exist, so that
the paving was extended over that portion of the slope lying between
elevations 74 and 92. A layer of crashed stone, supplied by Ancon
quariy, was laid over the dam within these limits to a thickness of
about 4 inches. Over this a sufficient thickness of riprap was placed
to protect the broken stone from the action of the waves. The ripr'ap
■was at first procured from a quarry in the vicinity of Quebrancha
and was estimated to cost $1 per cubic yard in place on the dam. As
the cost, however, after a trial of two months, amounted to $2.1027
per cubic yard in place, and as the stone was mixed with a consider-
able amount of clay, this quarry was abandoned and the stone was
furnished from the excavation for the dry dock at Sosa Hill. An
area of 115,740 square yards was covered with crushed stone, of which
15,740 cubic yards were used, completing this portion of the work in
April at a cost of $2.4536 per cubic yard in place. The riprap stone
placed at the close of the fiscal year aggregated 68,730 cubic yards,
covering an area of 102^030 square yards, at a cost in place of $0.6574
per cubic yard.
REPORT OP CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 19
At the beginning of the fiscal year the spillway dam had been
completed, including the abutments, ogee, and crest piers, to eleva-
tion C9, while the central portion, about 370 feet in length measured
along the crest, had been practically completed to elevation 50. As
previousl.y noted, four sluices had been left — three closed by Stoney
gates and one by a cylindrical valve — to permit control of the water
during the construction of the dam. During the fiscal year the
flanks were carried to completion, while the central portion, which
had been finished to elevation 50, was left at this height to allow the
flood waters to escape' during the rainy season. Work on the closing
of these openings was commenced as soon as the level of the lake
could be dropped below elevation 50 and the work pushed. A trestle
was erected on the flanks at elevation 95 and was extended entirely
around the dam when the full height of 69 feet was reached. From
it the west abutment and part of the crest piers were built to eleva-
tion 115, or full height, and the 14 crest gates were installed. On
the completion of the west abutment the trestle beside each gate was
dismantled in succession and the upstream side of the pier, inter-
fered with by the trestle, was constructed. In February the sluice
operated by the cylindrical valve was closed, but it was impracticable
to complete the remaining crest piers and east abutment until the
three remaining sluices could be closed. The water in the lake, con-
trolled by the sluices, was held at about elevation 32 until the last
week in August, when the completion of the guard gates and caisson
sills of the locks permitted it to be raised. During November and
the early part of December the water reached a maximum elevation
of 56.3, notwithstanding the flow through the opening left in the
central part of the dam and through the sluices. After the rainy
season the water was lowered to elevation 48 so that work might be
resumed on the spillway, and the sluices were finally closed on June
27, as the plans contemplated raising the lake to full height during
the present rainy season, starting with the water at Gatun at eleva-
tion 50 on July 1, 1913. The elevation of the lake at Gatun on this
date was 49.15. Advantage was taken of the flow over the spillway
to dispose of a number of floating islands, snags, and old timbers
which the rising waters had brought into existence and which the
wind and current had brought down to the locks and dam. The
anchorage basin to the east of the channel and the channel itself
for a distance of about 6 miles south of Gatun were cleared. These
obstructions in the channel were in places 14 feet thick and con-
sisted of matted snags, sticks, and roots of living vegetation that had
apparently floated upward from the floor of the swamp below. Such
aggregations were broken into small sections by a floating pile
driver.
20 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Concrete laid in the spillway for the year aggregated 21,719 cubic
yards, at a cost of $8.1227 per cubic yard. The excavation amounted
to 175 cubic yards and cost $2.3913 per cubic yard. The total amount
of concrete thus far placed in the spillway w^as, therefore, 224,132
cubic yards, at an average cost of $7.4838 per cubic yard.
Architectural features were added to the plans prepared by the
first division of the chief engineer's office for the hydroelectric power
plant to be constructed below the spillway at an estimated cost of
$147,950 and its construction undertaken by the Atlantic division.
The excavation was completed and during the year 14,948 cubic yards
of material were removed — rock and earth — at a cost of $0.4022 per
cubic yard; in the preparation of the foundations 11,684 cubic yards,
costing $1.7973 per cubic yard, were removed; the total excavation
to date, therefore, including the preparation of foundations, was
98,751 cubic yards, at an average cost of $0.5486 per cubic yard. The
steel work for the structure was advertised, and the lowest bid
amounted to $25,456.37. The successful bidder offered to erect the
steel structure in 45 days and at an additional cost of $6,496.74. As
the Atlantic division estimated that the erection could be done in 42
days by its own forces and completed at a cost of $4,643, this work
was assigned to the Atlantic division. The erection of the steel work
was commenced on May 16, and at the close of the year about 65 per
cent had been erected and 90 per cent of the field rivets driven. The
amount thus far expended was $6,154.36. The penstocks were encased
with concrete, except for the curved portions near the head gates.
The forebay walls with trash-rack and stop-plank grooves are about
95 per cent completed.
Work on the west breakwater for Limon Bay was continued
throughout the year. A length of 599 feet of trestle, single track,
was added, making the total length of trestle 11,526 feet. The total
amount of rock received from Porto Bello and placed on the break-
water was 183,762 cubic yards, of which 102,508 cubic yards were
handled from barges to Lidgerwood cars by locomotive cranes and
subsequently plowed off. The balance was placed by derrick barges.
In addition to this source of supply about 220,433 cubic yards of
rock removed from the channel by the dredges were dumped on the
breakwater. A small pile wharf was built for handling rock by
cranes to cars, and 3,000 cubic yards of sand were dredged by derrick
barge for the barge berth. The cost of Porto Bello rock placed on
the breakwater averaged $4.8250 per cubic yard.
The quarry at Porto Bello was worked during the year for sup-
plying the large rock required for the breakwater. It was intended
to develop the quarry in two benches, each with a height of at least
60 feet at the highest point and approximately 1,700 feet long.
Because of the peculiar formation of the hill it \vas found that suflS,-
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 21
cient large rock could not be secured from the two benches to complete
the breakwater, so that this development was temporarily suspended,
and in November, 1912, operations were resumed by one steam shovel
in the old crushed-rock quarry, above the two benches ; after the first
of the year two more shovels were put to work on this higher level.
The broad-gauge equipment, which was substituted for the narrow
gauge previously in service, was placed in operation on October 5,
1912, and in October the output was increased from two to three
barges per day. In securing rock of proper size about 60 per cent
of the output was wasted.
As previously noted, the Toro Point breakwater is intended for the
protection of the harbor and the shelter of vessels against northers,
and its line of direction is nonnal to the prevailing wind during these
storms. It is not intended to give protection against the waves pro-
duced by the trade winds, which generally are from north to north-
east and which are not dangerous to shipping that will use the canal.
The waves from the trade winds have been washing the shores of
Limon Bay in the vicinity of the canal entrance, and survey made in
March, 1913, showed that the channel in the vicinity of the shore line,
which had been dredged to full depth, had filled so as to giv^ an.
available depth of only 27 feet and that in the center of the channel.
It was also estimated that the silt deposited in the channel during
the previous 12 months was 2,213,082 cubic yards. As the result of
investigation it is believed that this silting is largely clue to wave
action disturbing the soft material of the bottom of the bay, which
is taken up and carried in suspension and subsequently deposited in
the deeper channel. The deposit is generally uniform except in that
part near the shores of the bay. The Atlantic Fleet during its visit
to the canal last winter anchored under the lee of the west break-
water, and at times the trade winds made it difficult for small boats
to reach the ships, and, as a consequence, the General Board of the
Navy advocated the construction of a detached breakwater for the
protection of the anchorage area, stating that at times it would be
dangerous and, at times, impossible for small boats and barges en-
gaged in coaling battleships to lie alongside. Under these circum-
stances, and as such a breakwater will protect the channel to some
extent against the wave action causing the silting, by breaking up the
waves, the construction of a detached breakwater on the east side is
contemplated. Investigations were undertaken in an endeavor to
find a quarry more accessible than Porto Bello. To still further
protect the channel against material washed from the shores of the
bay exjjerimental stone dikes are to be constructed.
As previously reported, the existing water supply for Colon was not
adequate and plans were submitted for the construction of a modem
filtration plant and pumping station to take the place of the present
22 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
plant. This project was approved on July 12, 1912, at a total cost of
$193,768. It contemplates a tunnel through the divide separating
the Gatun Lake from the Brazos Brook Reservoir within which is to
be laid a 20-inch main, with its inlet at an elevation of approximately
5 feet below the extreme low water level in Gatun Lake. This pipe-
line, 600 feet in length, extends to the Brazos Brook Reservoir, and by
means of a control house the water in the reservoir is maintained at a
minimum low level of 1 foot below the spillway crest, so that any ad-
ditional amount of water required over that furnished by the water-
shed will be taken from Gatun Lake. An additional 20-inch main
was laid from Brazos Brook Reservoir to Mount Hope, the site of the
new purification plant and pumping station. In connection with
these there are included an aeration basin, sedimentation basin, and
filters after passing which the water enters a clear-water basin having
a capacity of approximately 650,000 gallons. This basin is connected
by an underground conduit to the pump sump beneath the floor of the
pumping station. The pumps will be operated electrically. Work
was commenced in October, 1912, and at the close of the fiscal jenr all
work between Gatun Lake and Brazos Brook Reservoir was practi-
cally complete. The pumping station was completed ready for the
installation of the machinery ; the filter building was completed up to
and including the operating floor; the sedimentation basin was 75
per cent completed; and the foundations and floors of the mixing
chambers and aeration basin were laid. In addition to the operation
of the purification plant at the Agua Clara Reservoir, the usual main-
tenance work was carried on during the year.
Approximately 70,000 square yards of macadam were laid and re-
paired, 44,000 linear feet of road ditches cleaned and dug, 9,500
linear feet of curb and gutter laid, and 4,600 feet of sewers installed.
In addition, municipal improvements were carried on in Colon under
an appropriation by Congress for the purpose. Of the appropriation
of $800,000 made by the act of March 4, 1909, for extending the
municipal improvements in Colon and Panama, there were expended
during the year in the former locality $53,939.15, making a total ex-
pended in Colon to the end of the fiscal year of $505,909.54. In ad-
dition to completing improvements previously undertaken, the
money was expended in replacing curbs and gutters which had
settled, resurfacing, and in extending the improvements to include
G Street between Second and Ninth Streets, and in the extension of E
Street to its inte^ection with the Mount Hope Road.
Sanitary work consisted of cleaning and grading 237,000 linear feet
of ditches; constructing approximately 53,000 linear feet of ditches,
and lining with concrete approximately 26,000 linear feet of ditches.
In addition, approximately 6,800 linear feet of pipe and tile drains
were laid and cleaned.
For further details, attention is invited to Appendix B.
EEPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 23
CENTRAL DIVISION.
The work of this division embraces the excavation between the
Gatiin Dam and Pedro Miguel Locks, including diversion channels,
the construction of the Naos Island Breakwater, municipal improve-
ments in the various settlements included within the division limits,
and such sanitary engineering work in the same area as is prescribed
by the sanitary department. The work is in charge of Lieut. Col.
D. D. Gaillard, United States Army, as division engineer.
Excavation for the canal prism during the year was confined to
Culebra Cut, and 12,582,124 cubic yards were removed. In addi-
tion to this, 155,376 cubic yards were excavated in changing portions
of the Obispo diversion and 35,888 cubic yards outside of the canal
prism for auxiliary work; the total amount of material handled by
the central division, therefore, aggregated 12,773,388 cubic yards, of
which 10,098,099 cubic yards were classed as rock. The estimated
amount removed because of slides was 5,899,200 cubic yards and of
this amount 1,593,070 cubic yards of material were taken from the
upper reaches of the banks to reduce the quantity to be taken from the
bottom, or as a preventive measure against slides and breaks. In
other words, 46.67 per cent removed from the Cut was due to slides,
as against 35.90 per cent during the previous fiscal year. The amount
remaining to be removed was again increased at the close of the
year, and aggregates for the Culebra Cut 8,200,000 cubic yards; in
other words, there will be an increase for the central division of
9,280,237 cubic yards over the estimate submitted in the last annual
report. Of this total remaining, 1,324,944 cubic yards were inside
the canal prism lines and 6,860,500 cubic yards estimated for slides,
which estimate includes the amount for benching back of the banks
so as to relieve the pressure which, crushing the underlying strata,
may either increase the extent of existing slides or cause new ones.
The total amount of material due to slides so far removed aggre-
gates 22,570,200 cubic yards, or an increase of 2,304,200 cubic yards
over that estimated in the last annual report. Slides and breaks in-
creased as the Cut was deepened. No treatment has proven effective
for slides when once developed except that of excavating and hauling
away material from the moving mass until the slide comes to rest or
until the angle of repose for the particular material in motion is
reached.
The predictions of the geologist in the last annual report, with
reference to the Cucaracha slide, that " the end of the activity of this
slide is now well in sight, however, because all loose surface stone and
clay has almost slid off, exposing several large dikes and flows of
basalt which would successfully maintain in place most of the re-
maining material," have not been realized. The bottom grade of the
24 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
canal had been reached and the widening cuts had progressed satis-
factorily until within approximately 60 feet of the line of the prism
was reached on the east side, when on January 20 the basalt rocks
broke and there slid into the Cut approximately 2,000,000 cubic yards
of material extending completely across the Cut, topping the tracks
on the 67-foot level and completely stopping the passage of trains
from the north. Bottom grade was subsequently reached for suffi-
cient width to put in drainage pipes for handling the water from the
north, but the rains saturating the loosened material occasioned a
flattening of the slope, thus causing another movement, and the
weight of the superimposed mass broke the pipes. Work was con-
tinued on the slide during the year, but principally for the purpose
of maintaining the tracks on the 67-foot level open for the passage
of trains. This slide at the close of the fiscal year covered an area
of approximately 50 acres. The total amount removed thus far since
July, 1905, when it began moving, is 3,859,500 cubic yards, leaving
approximately 1,500,000 cubic yards still to be removed. The mate-
rial on the south side of the slide is practically all clay, the middle
of it consists of clay and spalls, and the north side of it rock with a
mixture of clay. The clay and the clay and spalls can be easily
handled by suction dredges, while the material on the north side can
be handled by dipper and ladder dredges.
From the West Culebra slide 1,922,700 cubic yards were removed
during the year, including material taken from the upper benches,
making a total from the time this slide developed in October, 1907,
of 8,687,600 cubic yards, leaving approximately 2,390,000 cubic yards
to remove, if all the material on the top of the bank is taken out.
This slide covers an area of 68 acres.
From the slide at East Culebra 1,676,300 cubic yards were removed
during the year, making a total of 5,966,200 cubic yards removed
since the slide first developed in January, 1907, and it is estimated
that 2,000,000 cubic yards remain. This slide covers an area of
approximately 55 acres and extends from the north side of Gold Hill
for approximately 5,500 feet.
The shovels on the upper reaches of the East Culebra slide were
taken out in August, 1912, and replaced in January, 1913. One
shovel was taken from the upper reaches of the West Culebra slide in
October, 1912, and replaced in July, 1913 ; there was at no time less
than 1 shovel working at this point.
A break occurred on August 20, 1912, north of the one previously
reported at La Pita Point, which turned the Obispo diversion into the
canal, flooding it and effectually stopping all steam-shovel work to
the north. These shovels were removed, an earth dam built across
the Cut south of the break to protect the Cut between it and the
summit, which area was then freed from water by pumps ; and a tern-
KEPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 25
porary channel constructed for the diversion. The shovels were con-
centrated on the summit stretch and continued there and on the
upper banks until the dry season. After a new channel had been
excavated for the Obispo diversion the slide was attacked and 181,100
cubic yards removed during the remainder of the year.
On the east side of the Cut, north of Gold Hill, there is a French
dump included within the East Culebra slide. A crack developed
about April 1, 1913, parallel to the Cut and 635 feet distant from its
edge, but it does not join the Cut at any point, beginning and ending
on the flat in which it appeared. Steps were taken, by means of
steam shovels, to bench this portion of the bank and arrangements
made for sluicing as much as possible into the valley to the east.
The summit of drainage in the Cut continued about opposite Cule-
bra until the two shovels cutting to grade on the bottom produced one
cut through at grade on June 28, 1913. The water south of the
summit Avas drained into the Pacific through the central culvert of
the Pedro Miguel Locks. The dike separating the Cut on the north
side from the Chagres River remained intact and the pumping plant
previously described continued in service to handle the water which
drains to the north from the summit, with the addition of two French
centrifugal pumps, 17-inch discharge, added after the break north of
La Pita Point.
With the opening in the spillway at plus 50, with the upper gates
at Pedro Miguel not complete, it was feared that a heavy freshet
might top the dike at Gamboa and do injury to the locks. It was
therefore decided to raise the Gamboa dike to elevation 78.2, carry-
ing this elevation along the west dike which separates the west
diversion channel from the Cut. The amount of material utilized for
this purpose aggregated 37,080 cubic yards.
As cracks developed in the sides of the Obispo diversion, giving
the appearance of additional slides which, if they occurred, would
let the water of the diversion into the Cut, it was decided to relocate
the diversion farther to the east and this was done in tliree places,
one opposite Whitehouse, another opposite the division office at
Empire, and another around the break north of La Pita Point. This
necessitated the handling of 128,076 cubic yards.
The Lirio drainage channel was changed farther to the west, as
the old channel ran so near the Cut that it was liable to break through,
and in making this change 27,300 cubic yards were handled.
All trains loaded in the Cut were hauled out at either end to the
dumps. On account of the grades that had developed due to deepen-
ing the Cut, it was necessary to use an average of seven engines per
day as pusher engines to get these trains out in carrying the loaded
trains up the inclines at either end. With a contracted area of opera-
26 BEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
tion, the steam shovels were placed closer together and necessitated an
average of six locomotives daily to handle the trains to and from the
shovels, besides those used in hauling the trains to the dumps.
Due to the development of slides and beginning February 20, 1913,
the split-shift system was inaugurated on shovels working in the
slides and on the upper benches, so as to secure 12 hours' work per
day. While this increased the cost to some extent, it was more than
justified, after the decision had been reached to admit the water into
the Cut in October, in order to remove as much of the remaining rock
in the dry as possible.
The dumps in use during the year were those at Miraflores, Balboa,
along the line of the railroad relocation north of Gamboa, swamp
lands in the vicinity of Ancon, and a new dump opened along the
line of the Panama Railroad south of Pedro Miguel. It was neces-
sary to abandon the old line of the Panama Railroad in the vicinity
of Miraflores Locks, to permit the construction of the spillway, and
subsequent to March 4 trains had to be operated over the single track
through the tunnel. This reduced the number of trains that could be
operated to the south and caused the opening up of the Pedro Miguel
dump. Material taken from the upper benches on the east side of
the Cut was wasted partly in extending the dump north of Gold Hill
that was started two years ago, and the remainder was dumped at
Miraflores, Ancon, and Balboa, operating over the Gold Hill cut-off
of the Panama Railroad. That taken from the upper benches on
the west side was wasted on the old dump at Culebra and on the
dumps to the south. A total of 284,755 cubic yards were dumped on
the east side of the Cut. At Miraflores 1,288,262 cubic yards were
wasted; 3,985,129 cubic yards were used for reclaiming swamps at
Balboa and wasted on the Balboa dump; 440,725 cubic yards were
used for filling swamp lands northeast of Ancon Hill ; and 4,376,080
cubic yards on the Panama Railroad relocation dumps between
Caimito and Gamboa. During the year 90 acres were filled in at
Balboa, making a total of 474 acres in all reclaimed at this point.
Between Balboa Y and Sosa Hill 54 acres of marshy land that it was
impossible to drain properly were filled during the year. In addi-
tion, 487,108 cubic yards of waste material were furnished other divi-
sions and the Panama Railroad.
As previously stated, the Naos Island Breakwater, extending from
the shore at East Balboa to Naos Island — a distance of 3.29 miles — is
constructed for the purpose of cutting off silt-bearing currents that
would fill the excavated channel in the Pacific and make navigation
of the channel more difficult by reason of cross currents. As noted
in the last annual report, considerable difficulty was experienced by
the method of construction then in vogue, which consisted of dumping
material from a single trestle extended in advance of the dump. A
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 27
plan suggested by Mr. W. G. Comber was considered by a board and
adopted. The plan consists of the building of a double trestle ex-
tending to Naos Island, dumping to be done on either side, thereby
spreading the fill over the treacherous bottom, and carrying it to
mean tide as far as the island. When this was done, filling was to
commence at the island carrying it to full height. Should the trestle
fail, ample length would be left for dumping between the break and
the end of the finished portion, while the broken portion was being
repaired by pile drivers. On June 30, 1913, the trestle had been
entirely completed and filled, with the exception of a stretch about
600 feet long. The total amount of material used for this purpose
aggregated 653,242 cubic yards. The soft material was pushed out
and up forming a ridge of mud, intermixed with stones that had been
dumped in and carried up by the soft material, parallel to the break-
water and at a distance of approximately 100 feet from it. The
total amount expended on the dike by the central division and the
Pacific division up to June 30, 1913, was $384,540.89, or about $22.14
per linear foot.
The average division cost of excavation for the year, including
plant charges and all items which entered into its accomplishment,
was $0.5525 per cubic yard. The total amount removed from the cen-
tral division since American occupation up to the close of the fiscal
year was 107,139,181 cubic yards at an average cost of $0.7105 per
cubic yard. Of this total, 93,305,975 cubic yards were removed from
Culebra Cut.
Actual construction work on the Empire-Chorrera Road was com-
pleted, the convict labor employed on it was transferred to other
work, and a small force of paid labor was established for the pur-
pose of placing screenings and doing other work necessary for the
completion of the road to the Zone boundary. On November 27,
1912, the construction of a 16-foot macadam road from Gamboa
to a point on the Las Cascadas plantation road, about 3,600 feet from
the east end of the Empire suspension bridge, was undertaken.
This road will have a total length of a little over 5 miles. A stock-
ade was erected at Gamboa to house the prison labor which is en-
gaged on it. The Empire-Paraiso Road was relocated and rebuilt
for a distance of 5,608 feet, due to slides along the east bank of the
canal. In the village of Culebra 2,370 feet of road were recon-
structed on account of slides on the west bank of the canal. At
Lirio camp 253 feet of road were constructed. For the preservation
of the roads and the comfort of the traveling public the oiling of
the highways during the dry season was authorized, and this treat-
ment was applied to approximately 27,000 linear feet of road in the
villages of Empire and Culebra. It was necessary to resurface
16,323 linear feet of the Gorgona-Bas Obispo Road.
28 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
For the maintenance of water supply to the shops and for other
construction purposes, additional pumps were installed and oper-
ated at Lirio, Sardanilla Eiver, Gamboa, and Gorgona shops.
Sanitary work consisted in digging 4,698 linear feet of ditches,
regrading 602,578 linear feet of ditches, cleaning 1,327,676 feet of
ditches, laying 6,426 linear feet of tile drains, constructing 3,852
linear feet of concrete gutters, cleaning 847,852 linear feet of con-
crete ditches, and clearing 908,331 square yards of brush and grass.
For further information concerning the operations of the central
division, attention is invited to Appendix C.
FIFTH DIVISION.
As already noted, on the resignation of Mr. S. B. Williamson, the
Pacific division was abolished, effective December 12, 1912, and the
fifth and sixth divisions of the chief engineer's office organized.
The fifth division has charge of the construction of the locks, dams,
spillway, excavation in the dry in the canal prism between and
below the locks, the operation of Ancon quarry, municipal engi-
neering work within the area covered by the works of the division,
and such sanitary engineering work as may be prescribed by the
sanitary department within the same area. The work is in charge
of Mr. H. O. Cole as resident engineer.
Excavation in connection with the Pedro Miguel Locks was com-
pleted during the year by the removal of 3,044 cubic yards from the
locks proper at a cost of $0.4078 per cubic yard. The bulk of the
excavation consisted of the removal of the French dump east of the
lock site, and the material was utilized for back fill. In addition to
the excavation necessary for completing the locks, 2,190 cubic yards
were removed for the construction of the northeast core w\ill built
to prevent the passage of water back of the east wall, which might
otherwise occur. This excavation was done by hand, and extended
under the tracks of the old Panama Eailroad which are in use by the
central division; the cost was $3.4297 per cubic yard. To prevent
•flooding the locks, a cofferdam had been left to the south until com-
pletion of the concrete work of the locks, and the subsequent increase
in the length of the south approach pier to 1,200 feet prevented its
completion until after this cofferdam could be removed. In prepar-
ing the foundations for this gTiide pier and for the wing walls 15,366
cubic yards of material were removed, of which 10,701 cubic yards
were rock. The average cost was $2.3885 per cubic yard. The total
amount of excavation for the locks, approach piers, and guide walls,
including the preparation of foundations, was 1,319,742 cubic yards,
and cost on an average $1.0248 per cubic yard. The total amount of
concrete placed during the year was 58,367 cubic yards, mixed entirely
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 29
by auxiliary mixers consisting of two 2-cubic-yard niixers at the
north end of the locks on the west side and of an average of 3.05
half-cubic yard mixers which were moved about as necessity required.
The concrete was handled either by derricks and locomotive cranes
or dumped direct into place through chutes. Of this total 39,465
cubic yards were plain concrete at a cost of $6.5432 per cubic yard
and 18,902 cubic yards were reenforced concrete at a cost of $9.7989
per cubic yard. The total amount of concrete placed prior to July 1,
1913, in the Pedro Miguel Locks was 906,293 cubic yards at an average
cost of $5.5061 per cubic yard.
The back filling of the lock, wing walls, and center wall was com-
pleted during the year, and the riprap finish at the ends of the south
wing walls was partially placed. The amount used in the back fill
was 367,150 cubic yards, of which 193,212 cubic yards were in the
center wall at a cost of $0.3895 per cubic yard, and the balance behind
the side walls at a cost of $0.4642 per cubic yard. The total amount
of back fill placed up to June 30, 1913, was 806,538 cubic yards back
of the lock walls at an average cost of $0.3889 per cubic yard, and
215,149 cubic yards in the center wall at a cost of $0.4480 per cubic
yard.
The west dam at Pedro Miguel, consisting of rock-filled sides and
puddled-clay core, was completed and the top finished at elevation 107
with clay. The north face was riprapped with hard stone at the
85-foot level. During the year 114,117 cubic yards of fill were added,
making the total in the dam 696,558 cubic yards. The average divi-
sion cost during the year was $0.3312 per cubic yard; the average
division cost for the entire dam was $0.4471 per cubic yard.
The Miraflores Locks, including excavation for foundations and
the placing of concrete, were carried to completion during the year.
The foundation work for the lower west wall was seriously inter-
fered with and retarded by slides and by the water-bearing strata of
the banks. In some places it was necessary to build retaining walls
to prevent mud from flowing onto the foundation areas, and the slides
which occurred carried away the berm-crane tracks, necessitating
the use of auxiliary concrete mixers for laying the wall bases suffi-
ciently high to secure a bearing for the berm-crane tracks. Similar
difficulty was experienced with the south guide walls, especially on
the east side of the locks, which could be built only in small sections.
The concrete would be pushed as far as possible, then stopped until
another portion of the slide could be removed, and in this way the
slide was gradually encroached upon until the guide or flare wall was
completed.
The north flare walls are founded on piles ; for that on the west side
of the locl« the piles are driven in a marsh and the weight supported
entirely by friction on the piles. While back filling this the portion
30 KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
of the wall constituting the return bulged slightly, but further move-
ment was checked by depositing material along the face of the return,
thus adding a counterweight.
The center approach piers were constructed to the full length of
1.200 feet each from the angle of the flare walls. The north wall
is of cellular reenforced concrete construction and is founded on
concrete caissons sunk to rock. These caissons consist of reenforced
concrete shells 7^ feet in diameter and 1 foot thick, built up in sec-
tions 6 feet long and sunk progressively, the bottom shell being fitted
with a steel shoe for a cutting edge. The caissons were sunk to bed-
rock at an average depth of 29.43 feet and filled with concrete, thus
forming solid columns to rock. They were spaced 15-foot centers
longitudinally and 27-foot centers transversely. The wall was then
supported on heavily reenforced concrete girders spanning the cais-
sons in both directions. The south approach wall is of massive con-
crete and is founded on natural rock.
The construction plant, consisting of four berm and four cham-
ber cranes, supplied concrete in the manner described in the last
annual report. The total amount of concrete laid in the Miraflores
Locks during the year was 450,792 cubic yards, of which 402,607 cubic
yards were plain concrete at an average cost of $5.0273 per cubic
yard and 48,185 cubic yards of reenforced concrete at an average cost
of $10.8023 per cubic yard. Of the total amount, 308,914 cubic yards
were laid by the four berm cranes. The chamber cranes handled
218,135 cubic yards of concrete and 92,359 cubic yards of fill for
the center wall. The concrete was furnished in part by the mixers
on the berm cranes and by the 2-yard mixers installed on the east
wall which operated from July 1, 1912, to October 26, 1912, producing
97,603 cubic yards. In addition to the regular plant, an average of
3.12 half -yard portable mixers were used throughout the year.
The total amount of concrete laid in the Miraflores Locks up to
the close of the year was 1,476,895 cubic yards at an average cost of
$5.0224 per cubic yard. The concrete work in the locks proper was
completed on May 17, except the reenforced concrete floor and stair-
way in the middle wall at the junction of the upper and lower locks,
which were completed on June 10. There remain to be completed
lamp-post bases, snubbing-button bases, parapets around the stair-
ways, and the nosing at the end of the south center approach pier
which was added during the year to the completed plans.
The total amount of concrete laid in the Pacific Locks July 1,
1913, aggi-egated 2,382,983 cubic yards at an average cost of $5.2033
per cubic yard.
Back filling the lock walls was continued with material from the
locks and prism excavation and aggregated 1,128,769 cubic yards,
of which 149,301 cubic yards were in the center wall. The fill back
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 31
of the lock walls proper was placed at an average cost of $0.4068 per
cubic yard and that in the center wall and the center approach piers
at an average cost of $0.5973 per cubic yard.
The total amount of the back fill placed behind the walls up to
June 30, 1913, was 2,006,054 cubic yards at an average cost of $0.3466
per cubic yard, and in the center wall 157,213 cubic yards at an
average cost of $0.6182 per cubic yard.
During September and October, 1912, 9,896 cubic yards were ex-
cavated for the spillway dam by the hydraulic method. Owing to
the limited space and excessive rainfall this method had to be
abandoned and no work was done until the beginning of the dry
season, when excavation was resumed by the use of steam shovels
and also by hand loading into skips which were handled by derricks
and locomotive cranes. The situation was complicated due to the
fact that the central division tracks for hauling spoil from the Cut
to the south passed through the spillway site, and it was desired
to give the central division as much advantage during the dry season
as possible. It was assumed that the spillway must be completed by
September 1, 1913, and to meet this required the removal of the
central division tracks from the site by March 1, 1913 ; this was not
accomplished until March 4, and when the excavation of the entire
site could proceed it was found that more material had to be re-
moved than was anticipated and consequently a greater amount of
concrete was needed. Difficulty was also experienced due to the
fact that the Rio Grande passed through the site of the dam and had
to be diverted twice. After the concrete for the west end of the
dam was brought up to the elevation of the bottom of the river, a
dike was constructed confining the water to a space sufficient to
enable it to discharge through an opening that was left in the
concrete of the dam, and another dike built on the south side to con-
fine the water after passage through the opening. After these
were finished further trouble from this source was avoided. To
the credit of those engaged in the construction, the structure was
completed, notwithstanding the natural difficulties and the delays
for which they were not responsible, on September 1, 1913, includ-
ing the placing of the gates and the erection of the steel work for
the walkway on top. The opening for the passage of the Rio Grande
must be left until the gates at Pedro Miguel are completed. In
addition to the material removed by the hydraulic method, 124,775
cubic yards were excavated by steam shovels, hand, derricks, and
cranes, completing the excavation for the spillway dam at an average
cost of $1.6835 per cubic yard.
The total amount of concrete laid in the spillway was 64,142
cubic yards, of which 63,707 cubic yards were plain concrete at ai)
32 EEPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
average cost of $5.7556 per cubic yard and 435 cubic yards were
reenforced concrete at an average cost of $19.60 per cubic yard. In
laying this concrete narrow-gauge tracks were laid from the berni
cranes located on the east side of the locks to the south toe of the
dam, ending in various spurs leading to derricks which liandled
the concrete mixed by the berm cranes and delivered on transfer
cars in 2-yard buckets. The berm cranes mixed for use at the spill-
way 27,619 cubic yards, bucket measurement. In addition, an aver-
age of 1.43 1-yard mixers and one half-yard mixer supplied 38,551
cubic yards, bucket measurement.
The west dam at Miraflores was completed during the year, with
the exception of the junction of the dam with the back fill along the
west lock wall. The hydraulic fill in the west dam was completed
during the previous fiscal year and the total amount of dry fill added
was 418,375 cubic yards at a cost of $0.4076 per cubic yard. As this
dry fill was advanced over the hydraulic fill the softer material was
crowded to the center and increased in height and, as it was not
sufficiently hard to bear the tracks, an outlet was cut on the west
side of the dam through which as much of the soft material as
possible was crowded out, assisted by a water jet. ^^'liat remained
was pushed over on the west slope of the dam by raising and crowd-
ing the east dry fill. In this way a complete covering was made to
full grade, leaving relatively little of the soft material within the
dam.
Excavation in the dry between Pedro Miguel and Miraflores Locks
and south of the locks was continued throughout the year, the spoil
being used for back filling the lock walls, for the dams, and filling
in swamp areas on the east and west sides of the canal. The total
amount removed during the year was 379,626 cubic yards, car meas-
urement.
In order to divide more equally the excavation between steam
shovels and dredges, so as to keep the latter at work, a new dike was
built across the canal approximately 3,300 feet north of the old one.
After closing down the hydraulic excavating plant which had exca-
vated the area between these dikes to rock at elevation approximately
minus 20, the area was drilled to minus 45 and blasted preparatory
to being excavated by dredges after the area was rewatered. Steam
shovels, prior to turning in the water, took out 59,000 cubic yards of
rock. The lower dike was drilled to grade and blown up on May
18, advancing the water to the new dike. The total amount removed
below Miraflores Locks by steam shovels was 2,949,943 cubic yards,
car measurement.
The total amount of dry excavation in the ]H-ism, as shown by
cross-section measurements, was 3,120,851 cubic yards, at an average
division cost of $0.6622 per cubic yard.
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 33
The Ancon quarry was operated throughout the year with a com-
paratively small amount of time lost for repairs. It had been in
operation for about three years without a general overhauling until
May 16, 1913, when it was shut down for 10 days for the putting in
of various repair parts, including shaft in main crusher, general
overhauling of the four No. 6 crushers, lining up of screens, motors,
driving shafts, etc. A small No. 5 gyratory crusher taken from the
old Rio Grande quarry was installed on the floor of the south end
of the rock bins for the purpose of crushing a portion of the larger
rock in order to supply the increased demand for smaller sized stone.
The total amount produced was 688,301 cubic yards, of which 424,860
cubic yards were placed in storage, 21,301 cubic yards supplied to the
municipal subdivision, and 161,311 cubic yards supplied to other
divisions and departments. The total cost of the rock delivered in
storage at the locks was $0.7795 per cubic yard ; that furnished other
divisions and departments was supplied at a cost of $0.7853 per cubic
yard.
The hydraulic excavating plant continued at work until December
1, 1912, when it was taken out of service owing to the fact that most
of the remaining excavation was hard rock. The material removed
by this method was used for reclaiming tidal swamp lands east of
and adjacent to the canal prism. The total amount removed during
the year was 451,631 cubic yards, at a cost of $1.0113 per cubic yard,
making a total removed by this method of 1,549,904 cubic yards, at
an average cost of $0.6959 per cubic yard. At this cost the entire
plant charge, $432,841.92, was absorbed.
This plant was still in serviceable condition, and the suggestion
was made by Assistant Engineer W. L. Thompson that at least a part
of it be utilized in sluicing the soft material which was found on
the north side of Gold Hill and on the top of the east bank of the
Culebra Cut. This bank had been to a certain extent stepped back
by steam shovels in the process of lightening the loads on the upper
part of the bank, but this work was stopped in August, 1912, on the
score that Lidgerwood cars could not be spared for this service and
that the material could not be handled economically with steel side-
dump cars during the wet season. The rain had cracked the bank
badly and part of it had sloughed off and fallen into the Cut. To
the north and east of Gold Hill lies the valley of the Obispo, and the
material excavated by steam shovels on this upper bench has been
deposited on the dump extending almost across the valley of the river.
By continuing this dump entirely across the valley and by placing
culvert pipes through the dam that would result, the water could be
allowed to flow through its former channel and the Obispo diversion
to the Chagres River. By tilting these pipes upward on the south
side of the dam they would form a spillway to any pool that the dam
11834°— 13 3
34 KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
might make, and calculations indicated that a sufficient pool could
be created to furnish water for the pumps to sluice back into the
depression to the east some of the clay that would otherwise fall into
the Cut. The proposition did not appeal to the officials of the central
division, but after the renewed activity of Cucaracha slide it was
decided to make use of the sluicing plant for this purpose. The loca-
tion selected for the pumps and pipe line was such that the rear of
Cucaracha Hill could be taken off and washed back into the valley
to the east by the use of relay pumps and, further, whatever material
remained on the Cut side of Cucaracha Hill could be washed down to
the dredges, thereby finishing up Cucaracha slide for good and all.
These considerations led to the adoption of this method of sluicing,
and the work was placed in charge of the resident engineer of the
fifth division. Work on the installation of the hydraulic pumping
mains and flumes was started on February 1, 1913. Two boilers and
two of the Worthington pumps were erected, with the necessary
flumes. The dam has created a lake of approximately 180 acres, with
a drainage area of 4 square miles. The elevation at the bottom of
the suction at the pumping plant is 214 feet above sea level, and the
elevation of the pipes forming the spillway is 228. The material is
washed back into the depression which forms the lake, and discharges
at such a distance from the pumping plant that the water used in
sluicing is returned to the lake and used over again, thus requiring
only a small inflow to keep the lake at constant elevation. Sluicing
was begun on June 17, 1913, and 57,274 cubic yards were removed by
this method at an average cost of $0.1835 per cubic yard. Booster
pumps have been ordered, and when received operations for attacking
the rear of Cucaracha Hill will be begun.
To meet an increased demand for water at Ancon and Panama two
pressure filters were removed from the Miraflores power house and
installed in the Ancon filtration plant. On account of future inun-
dation the 16-inch Rio Grande water main was taken up between
Pedro Miguel and the Miraflores power house, and the work of
relaying it along the Panama Railroad line was partially completed
at the close of the year. Constmction work on the locks made it
necessary to relay portions of the 10-inch main between the Cocoli
pumps and the junction with the 16-inch main at the Miraflores
power house.
Grading was completed on the new road from Diablo to Ancon
and the macadam was partly placed and rolled at the close of the
year. Work on this road included the construction of a 20- foot-span
concrete bridge over the Corundu River.
The improvements in the extension of sewer, water, and streets in
the city of Panama under the appropriation made by the act of
March 4, 1909, of $800,000, were completed by the expenditure during
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 35
the year of $3,323.95, of which $2,879.80 was for the purchase of a
road roller. The total amount expended in Panama for the improve-
ments up to June 30, 1913, was $226,289.91.
Work was started on the permanent town site at Balboa in March
and included the installation of 750 linear feet of reenforced-concrete
storm sewer and 1,222 linear feet of reenforced-concrete drains, filling
hydraulically of a portion of the town site with material pumped from
the inner harbor excavation, laying out of the permanent laborers'
barracks, and the location of the permanent administration building.
In connection with the latter, approximately 36,500 cubic yards of
material were excavated preparatory to the installation of founda-
tions, concrete piers for the columns were placed, and the erection of
The steel frame for the superstructure was begim.
Sanitary work consisted of cleaning 593,127 linear feet of earth
drains, excavating 5,079 cubic yards of new earth drains, sweeping
1,023,382 linear feet of cement drains, filling 2,862 cubic yards of
holes and swamps, laying 2,520 linear feet of tile drains, construct-
ing 10,566 linear feet of cement drains, and clearing 131 acres of
vegetation.
For further information concerning the operations of the fifth
division^ attention is invited to Appendix D.
SIXTH DIVISION.
As already noted, on the abolition of the Pacific division the
dredging and the procuring of sand from Chame for construction
purposes were organized into a separate district reporting to the
chief engineer. It was decided in February, 1913, to flood Culebra
Cut in October, 1913, by removal of the dike at Gamboa, which at
present keeps out the waters of the lake. It was estimated that
about 350,000 cubic yards had to be removed from the lake section
north of Gamboa and that this could be done most economically by
dredging; the Cucaracha slide, which consists largely of clay and
small spalls, could not be removed economically by steam shovels
after the heavy rains had set in, but could be handled efficiently by
suction dredges; the conclusion was reached, therefore, that subse-
quent to the admission of water into the Cut in October the work
remaining could be handled most expeditiously and economically
by use of the dredging fleet. To get the fleet in condition to handle
the work by that time and to take care of what may remain at the
entrances, it naturally followed that best results could be accom-
plished by concentrating all dredging under one head ; consequently,
effective May 1, this was done, and the division organized with Mr.
W. G. Comber in charge as resident engineer.
36 BEPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
The fleet available on the Atlantic side of the canal consists of the
seagoing dredge Garibhean, 5-yard dipper dredges Chagres and
Mindi, French ladder dredges Nos. 1 and 5, and five pipe-line suc-
tion dredges. One of the pipe-line dredges, after finishing the
hydraulic fill in the dam, was overhauled and laid up in Gatun Lake
until the water in the lake was of a sufficient depth for it to begin
operations north of Gamboa, the other dredges operated within the
canal prism north of about milepost 6, covering a length of about
5 miles of the channel, removing therefrom during the year 5,730,379
cubic yards of earth and 753,029 cubic yards of rock, at an average
cost of $0.2093 per cubic yard. On July 1, 1913, there remained to
be removed from the prism 1,837,000 cubic yards of earth and 99,600
cubic yards of rock. Of the rock excavated from the channel,
680,176 cubic yards were dumped in the vicinity of the west break-
water, making a total to date furnished by the dredges for this pur-
pose of 1,810,108 cubic yards. Of this amount, 651,000 cubic yards
were dumped within the breakwater section proper. In the removal
of rock from the channel the drill boat Terrier drilled 43,062 linear
feet in the prism, breaking a total of 394,526 cubic yards of material.
At the end of the fiscal year 40 feet of water could be carried through
approximately the first mile and a half of the channel, 35 feet through
the next 5 miles, and between this and the locks the depth varied
from 10 to 30 feet. The siltage in the canal prism for the year
amounted to 2,084,000 cubic yards.
In addition to work in the channel and in the excavation for the
wing walls and north center approach pier of the locks already re-
ported, the dredges operated in the vicinity of the new docks at
Cristobal, of the dry dock at the same locality, of the mouth of the
Mindi in the French canal, and of Margarita Island. In the ap-
proach channel to the new docks at Cristobal 665,018 cubic yards of
earth were removed at an average cost of $0.0614 per cubic yard, and
from the slip between Piers 16 and 17 on the new terminals 155,693
cubic yards of earth and 189,284 cubic yards of coral rock were
dredged at an average cost of $0.3089 per cubic yard. The Terrier
also drilled 4,511 feet at the site of the permanent bridge across the
French canal for railroad connection with the coaling plant, and
34,448 cubic yards of material were broken up by blasting. From
the dry-dock basin, to provide mooring berth for the suction dredge
Caribhean, 3,851 cubic yards were removed, from the French canal
at Mindi 295,535 cubic yards of earth were excavated, and 100,957
cubic yards were dredged from Margarita Bay and used for parapet
and swamp fill in that locality. The site was cleared for the proposed
coaling station on Telfer Island.
BEPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 37
At the Pacific entrance of the canal there were employed the sea-
going suction dredge Culehra^ 5-yard dipper dredge Cardenas^ four
French ladder dredges, the seagoing ladder dredge Corozal^ and one
pipe-line suction dredge. The pipe-line suction dredge was trans-
ferred from the Atlantic end when it had completed its work on the
hydraulic fill for the Gatun Dam. It was dismantled, the hull cut in
sections and moved over by railroad to Balboa, and after reerection
was put in commission on November 16, 1912. For the remainder
of the year it was employed principally in dredging material from
the site of the proposed inner harbor and terminal basin at Balboa,
The total amount removed from the canal prism during the year
aggregated 4,321,956 cubic yards, of which 1,047,929 cubic yards were
rock. The average cost during the year was $0.3238 per cubic yard.
At the close of the fiscal year there remained to be removed from the
prism 1,847,774 cubic yards of earth and 1,600,000 cubic yards of
rock. Of the total amount of rock removed from the canal prism,
121,161 cubic yards were drilled and blasted by the drill barge
Teredo and 65,953 cubic yards broken by the rock breaker Vulcan.
The remainder includes rock which had been broken by Star drill
operations in previous years and material which could be handled
by the dredges without drilling and blasting.
Auxiliary dredging outside of the canal prism aggregated 1,457,-
342 cubic yards, of which 3,695 cubic yards were of rock. Of this
auxiliary work, 1,453,647 cubic yards of earth and 3,695 cubic yards
of rock were removed from the inner harbor and terminal basin site.
At the close of the year there remained to be removed from the inner
harbor and terminal basin, 6,363,240 cubic yards of earth and 372,062
cubic yards of rock. The clearing of this site extended over an area
of 1,050,988 square feet and consisted of cutting brush and trees and
blasting stumps. An orange-peel dredge excavated 7,800 feet of
diversion channel, for draining swamp lands at Balboa to be re-
claimed by hydraulic filling.
During the year, 445,658 cubic yards of sand, bucket measurement,
were procured from Chame by dredging and transferred to the sand
bins at Balboa at a cost of $0.5378 per cubic yard in the bins. Of
this amount, 435,758 cubic yards were transferred to the stock piles
for use in concrete construction for the fifth division at a cost of
$0.7111 per cubic yard in the stock pile. The sand bins had a total
length of 260 feet and were provided with 3 rapid unloading cranes
until early in May, 1913, when, because the site of the bins encroached
upon the terminal work, 1 unloader was removed and the bins short-
ened to 175 feet. It is proposed to reerect this crane at Gamboa for
use in procuring gravel from the Chagres River for various parts of
the work.
38 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Arrangements were made by which two suction dredges and the
Corozal will be moved into Culebra Cut as soon as the locks will
permit of their passage and the depth of water is sufficient, with a view
to attacking Cucaracha slide. The suction dredges will remove the
clay and, assisted by relay pumps located on the 95-foot level on the
west bank, will discharge into the Rio Grande Valley. The Corozal
will handle the heavier material, depositing it in the low areas of
Gatun Lake. Anticipating the necessity for completing the Cut by
dredges, a contract was entered into on January IG, 1913, for the
construction and delivery at Colon of two dipper dredges of the
largest and most powerful type in use. They are to be equipped
with 15-yard buckets or dippers for dredging soft material and 10-
yard buckets for rock. Deliveries are expected at tidewater in the
United States, ready for shipment to the Isthmus, December 1, 1913,
and January 1, 1914. To serve these dredges six dump scows of 1,000
cubic yards capacity were contracted for under date of June 13, 1913 ;
two of these scows are to be delivered on or before December 12, 1913,
two on or before January 27, 1914, and the remaining two on or
before March 13, 1914.
For further details attention is invited to Appendix E.
SECOND DIVISION.
This division has charge of the design and construction of the
terminal facilities, meteorological work, supervision of the mechani-
cal division, and of expenditures and allotments for the work. It is
in charge of Mr. H. H. Eousseau, United States Navy, as assistant
to the chief engineer.
The act approved August 28, 1902, authorizing the construction of
the canal directed the President to " also construct such safe and
commodious harbors at the termini of said canal as shall be necessary
for the safe and convenient use thereof." The estimate of the cost
of the canal, prepared in December, 1908, made provision for the
construction of the necessary breakwaters, but did not include any-
thing for such harbor improvements as may be classed as terminal
facilities, which had been operated and provided heretofore by the
Panama Railroad Co. in connection with the handling of its com-
mercial and other business. Early in the progress of the work it
was apparent that the terminal facilities required by the Panama
Railroad Co. would not be adequate for the probable needs of ship-
ping that would use the canal, and, in view of the fact that the sav-
ings on the estimates would probably enable their constniction as a
part of the canal work, this was advocated in 1910. Action was taken
by Congress in the act approved August 24, 1912, authorizing the
President to " establish, maintain, and operate, through the Panama
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 39
Railroad or otherwise, dry docks, repair shops, yards, docks, wharves,
warehouses, storehouses, and other necessary facilities for the purpose
of providing coal and other materials, labor, repairs, and supplies
for vessels of the Government of the United States and, incidentally,
for supplying such at a reasonable price to passing vessels." The
sundry civil act approved August 24, 1912, made the necessary appro-
priations for the work. While, in anticipation of favorable action by
Congress, some preliminary work was undertaken, active operations
could not be begun until last fall ; consequently the terminal facilities
can not be completed by the time the canal is ready for passing vessels.
The Pacific terminals, which are being constructed by the commis-
sion, will consist of a main dry dock capable of docking any vessel
that can utilize the locks, a smaller dry dock for the use of smaller
craft, a plant for supplying coal and fuel oil to vessels, the necessary
wharves and piers for commercial purposes, and the permanent sliops
for use in connection with the dry docks.
The Atlantic terminals consist of wharves and piers at Cristobal,
including the Cristobal mole, all of which are being constructed by
the Panama Railroad at its own expense, and the main plant for
supplying coal and fuel oil to vessels; the cost of the coaling plant
will be divided between the commission and the Panama Railroad
Co., while the commission will furnish facilities for oil. General
drawings showing the layout of these terminals will be found in the
annual report for 1912.
As already noted, the larger dry dock will be able to dock a vessel
1,000 feet long and will have an entrance width of 110 feet. The
depth of water over the top of the blocks at mean sea level will be
35 feet, at mean high water 41.5 feet, and at mean low water 29.3
feet. This dock will rest on rock and for a considerable portion of
its depth will be in solid rock. The general design of the dry docks
has been worked out and the preparation of detail drawings com-
menced. Mitering lock gates, similar to those for the canal locks
and operated in the same manner, will form the closure to the dock,
and beyond the gates proper a seat for the floating caisson which
will be constructed for general canal use. The dock will be flooded
by means of longitudinal ducts in the side walls communicating with
the dock body through grated openings in the floor along the bottom
of the walls. The flow of water will be controlled by four metal
" wagon-body " valves operated by suitable machinery. The time
required for flooding at extreme high water is estimated at 25
minutes. The pumping plant for emptying the dock will consist of
four vertical shaft centrifugal pumps driven by electric motors.
The discharge from the pumps will be carried through a concrete
duct entirely separate from the flooding ducts. The time required
for pumping out is estimated at 2 hours and 20 minutes at mean high
40 REPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
water. Suitable tracks for a 50-toii locomotive jib crane will be
provided entirely around the dock. All necessary capstans and bol-
lards will be installed and a pipe tunnel, with suitable outlets, will
be constructed around the dock. Stairways leading to the floor will
be built on each side at the entrance, on each side at the head, and at
two points along the length of each side wall. At the intermediate
points arrangements will be made by which material can be passed
into the dock. A contract was entered into October 22, 1912, for one
pair of steel mitering leaves and fixed irons to be fabricated and
delivered on the Isthmus. These gates differ from those for the
canal locks in that the miter and quoin ends are to be fitted with
green heart bearing pieces, rather than with the metal bearing pieces
provided for lock gates. This change was adopted in the interest of
increased water-tightness, as the dock will stand dry for the greater
portion of the time, and the amount of metal exposed to the action
of sea water will be reduced.
The smaller dry dock will have sufficient length to dock a ship 350
feet long, a width at entrance of 71 feet, with a depth of water over
the top of the keel blocks at mean sea level of 16 feet 10 inches, at
mean high water of 23 feet 4 inches, and at mean low water of 11 feet
2 inches. This dock was substituted for two marine railways
originally contemplated, the Navy Department having expressed a
preference for such a dock and local conditions favoring it. This
dock will be founded on rock, but the greater part of its walls will be
of gravity section. The dock will be closed by a floating steel caisson
bearing against granite sills when in place. The method of flooding
will be similar to that for the larger dock and the flow of water will
be similarly controlled. For emptying the dock the pumping plant
of the larger dock will be utilized. Access to the floor of the dock
will be by means of four stairways, two at the entrance and two at the
head; alongside each of the latter two material slides will be con-
structed. It will be provided with the same accessories as the larger
dock.
The wharves and docks contemplated will consist of a quay wall
1,238 feet long between the head of Slip No. 1 and the northeast end
of the new Panama Kailroad concrete dock, and 1 pier 1,000 feet long
by 201 feet wide. Permanent walls will be built at the ends of the
slips, each 303 feet wide, and so constructed that part of the length
of each will afford landing places for small boats. Including the
length of the wharf constructed for the Panama Railroad Co. and
completed during the previous fiscal year, the total water frontage
under construction will be about 4,650 feet long. The quay walls and
all of Pier No. 1, excepting a center section 50 feet wide, will be sup-
ported on circular reenforced concrete piers sunk to rock; the 50-foot
center section of Pier No. 1 will be rock fill. The slips will be ex-
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 41
cavated to 45 feet below mean tide. The elevation of Pier No. 1 and
the adjoining wharves at the head of the slips has been placed at 16
feet 6 inches. The level of the quay wall adjoining the Panama Rail-
road Dock has been fixed at elevation 17, the same level as the Panama
Railroad Dock.
The coaling station on the Pacific side will be adjacent to the site
of the dry dock and will be capable of handling and storing 100,000
tons of coal, with a possible increase of 50 per cent. Subaqueous
storage will be provided for 50,000 tons. Specifications were issued
for the coal-handling plants at the two terminals and proposals asked
for plants in accordance with the general specifications. These plants
are to be delivered and erected in place by the contractor, the sub-
structure and all other work in connection therewith to be performed
by the commission with its own forces. Bids were opened on June
14, and when the award is determined plans conforming with the
machinery will be prepared for the substructure. The specified rate
for unloading coal from vessels into the storage piles has been fixed
at 250 tons per hour for each machine, and the desire is to unload two
vessels at one time at the Atlantic plant, with two unloading machines
to each vessel, and one vessel at the Pacific plant with two machines.
The reloading capacity — that is, transferring coal from storage into
collier or barge — has been fixed, after consideration of the reloading
capacity of modern commercial plants in the United States, at the
rate of 500 tons per hour for each machine. It is proposed to equip
the Atlantic plant so that two vessels can be loaded at one time, with
two machines serving each vessel, and on the Pacific side so that one
vessel can be loaded with two machines.
The main machine shops were located at Gorgona, which will be
flooded by the lake as the waters rise. The shops at Balboa and Cris-
tobal, in connection with the shipways and dry docks at these locali-
ties, were generally adequate for the maintenance and repair of the
dredging fleet. With the adoption of the policy of giving repair
facilities to any vessel that could use the locks, as well as to the Navy,
the construction of new shops near the dry docks became necessary.
The permanent shops proper will consist of 18 buildings for the ma-
chine, erecting, and tool shops ; forge shop ; steel storage shed ; boiler
and shipfitter shop; general storehouse; paint shop; car shop; plan-
ing mill; galvanizing plant; lumber and equipment shed; pattern
storage; foundry; coke shed; boiler house; roundhouse; gas house;
paint house ; and sand house. In addition to an office building, there
will be 9 auxiliary buildings.
On the Pacific terminals preparatory work was begim as indicated
in the last annual report and, when funds became available, opera-
tions were pushed as rapidly as possible. The site was cleared by
the removal of the settlement at Balboa, as well as the buildings
42 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
which formed the old town. The Panama Railroad yard was aban-
doned after a new yard and track facilities were provided for tem-
porary use. Considerable difficulty was experienced in carrying on
the work expeditiously and economically because of the interests of
other divisions and departments whose work and operations could
not be interrupted. To provide room around the head of the location
of the main dry dock for tracks and a highway leading to the old
French pier, the northwest slope of Sosa Hill was removed, 184,682
cubic yards of rock and 181,729 cubic yards of earth, or a total of
366,411 cubic yards being excavated. The total quantity excavated in
preparing the site was 389,567 cubic yards at a cost of $0.5447 per
cubic yard. The greater part of this material was used to fill in the
adjacent swamp to bring the area up to the adopted grade, and some
of the rock was furnished the Atlantic division for paving the south
slope of Gatun Dam. The original surface elevation of the dry-dock
site was 18; the deepest general excavation for the foundation will
therefore be about 74 feet. The lowest shovel cut on June 30 was
at 12 feet below sea level, on the coaling-plant site at the southwest
end of the excavation. From this site 203,699 cubic yards of material
were removed, at an average cost of $0.8461 per cubic yard, of which
56,900 cubic yards were rock. The site for the smaller dry dock is
at present occupied by the shipways and shops of the dredging divi-
sion, which can not be abandoned until other repair facilities for
floating equipment are available elsewhere. To protect the entrance
of the main dry dock and the entire area to be occupied by the smaller
dock, and to enable the removal in the dry of as much rock as pos-
sible from the entrance basin of the main dry dock, as well as to
facilitate the construction of the coaling-plant quay wall and liasin,
a cofferdam composed of clay riprapped with rock around these
various works was begim on April 1, 1913. When complete it will
be about 1,000 feet in length.
For the construction of the quay walls and pier the rock is found
at an average elevation of 60 feet below mean tide, in some cases be-
ing as high as 33 feet and in others as low as 66 feet below this level.
The elevation of the original swamp was about 9 and the material
through which the concrete cylinders are to be sunk is a fine, sticky,
black clay with thin strata of sand. The cylinders are sunk by the
open-caisson method. They consist of sections of reenforced con-
crete shell in 6-foot lengths, 1 foot thick, and 74 feet outside diameter.
About 4,750 sections are required and a special plant for their manu-
facture was built. Steel collapsible forms are used. The bottom
section of each cylinder is 8 feet outside diameter and 6 inches thick,
with a cutting shoe on the bottom. Excavation was done by hand
and by orange-peel buckets. When the cylinders would not sink of
their own weight, their descent was facilitated by the use of cast
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 43
iron and concrete weights in conjunction with the water jet. It was
not considered advisable at this late date to increase the plant, so
that the progress of sinking the cylinders depended on the crane
service available. After the cylinders were sunk several feet into
rock they were filled with concrete. They are to be capped by reen-
forced concrete beams for supporting the floor. The area within
which the quay walls and pier are to be constructed was inclosed by
a dike which was begun in July of 1912. During the year, of the
28,500 feet of cylinders that will be required to complete the work,
12,435 feet were placed. Of this amount, 8,450 feet were for the
main quay wall, 289 feet for the walls at the head of Slips 1 and 2,
and 3,696 feet for Pier No. 1. The cost of these cylinders in place
averaged $18.4708 per linear foot.
During the year the greater portion of the area to be occupied by
the shops was brought up to grade by filling the low swampy
land with material made available by excavating operations. The
natural surface of the ground was not sufficiently stable to hold up
the buildings, so it was found necessary to reach rock for the founda-
tions by excavating to it where sufficiently near the surface, or by
driving piles to the rock, which in places was as low as 56 feet below
sea level. Near the water front it was necessary to use 4-foot steel
cylinders, filled with concrete and sunk to rock, as foundations.
During the year the number of piles driven was 3,750 at an average
cost of $0.4820 per linear foot, and 7,787 cubic yards of concrete at a
cost of $9.2091 per cubic yard were placed in the footings and in the
tunnel.
An operating tunnel, running through the center and at right
angles to the length of the main shop buildings, is under construction
for carrying and making accessible all pipe and cable conduits. The
main trunk will have a clear height of 6 feet and a width of 4 feet
6 inches, and with branches of the same height and a width of 3
feet 6 inches. The tunnel will contain all power, light, telephone, and
fire-alarm cables, and water, steam, fuel-oil, and compressed-air
mains, and the main sewer. Rain water will be carried off the area
occupied by the shop buildings by means of surface gutters and
drains. For its construction a steam shovel mounted on skids, with
a special boom, commenced work on March 20, 1913. Where hard
rock is not deeper than about mean sea level the tunnel was built on
piers excavated to rock. At all other points it is carried on wooden
piles driven to rock and cut off below the mean elevation of ground
water. It is built in sections 15 feet in length, special means being
provided to make the tunnel as water-tight as practicable.
Work was started on June 5, 1913, on the foundations for ma-
chines for the planing mill; a considerable portion of the concrete
44 REPOBT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
necessary for these and for the floor of the building; was completed
during the year.
A little more than 25 miles of track were laid during the year, of
which amount 9,212 feet were permanent tracks for the use of the
Panama Railroad, the remainder for construction purposes. The
road at the foot of Sosa Hill, which had to be reconstructed, was
3,300 feet long.
The steel framework for the shop buildings, aggregating about
6,000 tons, is being furnished and erected under contract dated
October 22, 1912, at $0,036 per pound for the main buildings. A
supplemental order was given on January 25, 1913, for the steel for
nine toilet buildings and one paint house. The rolling of the steel
began the last week in February and the first shipment left Balti-
more on March 30. On June 30 the status of the work was about as
follows: All the material had been rolled in the mill, 66.5 per cent
finished in shops, 56.5 per cent shipped to tidewater, and 43 per cent
shipped to the Isthmus.
A contract was made October 24, 1912, for 6,500 squares of reeii-
forced cement tile roofing for all quarter-pitched roofs of the ma-
chine shops at $10.25 per square delivered and $13.25 per square
erected in place, the commission furnishing certain materials, such
as sand and cement, and facilities, such as suitable buildings, power,
and water. All tile is being manufactured on the Isthmus, at Paraiso.
The contract required all plant to be on the Isthmus by January 25,
1913, and the completion of manufacture by June 25, 1913. At the
close of the year 49.12 per cent had been manufactured and 7.9 per
cent had been laid.
For the Atlantic terminals the quay wall and one pier were prac-
tically completed by the Panama Railroad during the year, the
material purchased for the steel work for the sheds, and a subsequent
contract made for its erection. The Panama Railroad also made
diamond-drill borings at the site of the coaling station, and work
was begun by the dredging division in June, 1913, on drilling and
blasting preparatory to dredging alongside the proposed coaling pier.
In designing the permanent shops the principle was aimed at to
reduce to a minmum the cost of repairs and renewals, without exceed-
ing a reasonable first cost. Steel was therefore adopted for the main
structural material, for which the only cost for maintenance will be
repainting from time to time. The roofing, consisting of reenforced
cement tile on the quarter-pitched roofs, sliould last indefinitely, with
practically no cost for maintenance and repairs, and presents a pleas-
ing appearance. Such buildings as have flat reenforced concrete
roofs will be waterproofed with first-quality composition roofing.
There will be practically no gutters or down spouts, except for drain-
age of valleys, in which cases copper and similar permanent construe-
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 45
tion will be employed. Buildings which require it will be closed in
with walls of hollow terra-cotta tile, plastered with cement mortar;
other buildings, such as the main metal and wood working shops,
which do not require to be closed in, will be surrounded with a con-
crete wall 3 feet 6 inches high, above which there will be movable
metal shutters or louvers as protection against wind and rain. The
pattern shop and storehouse will have a second floor consisting of a
reenforced concrete slab resting on steel beams and girders incased
in concrete. The lumber shed and steel-storage shed will have the
first floors surfaced with cinders^ sand, or gravel. In the main shops
the floor will consist of a concrete base covered with 3*-inch creosoted
wooden blocks.
The selection and location of equipment in the different shops was
practically completed during the year. The greater number of the
machines and tools for the permanent shops will be taken from the
present shops. While many of them have seen hard service and are
less efficient than those of recent design, it is considered economical
to install and use them until ihe character and quantity of work to
be performed by the new plant become definitely known, so as to
enable the types and sizes of machines best adapted to the work to be
selected. Electric power at 44,000 volts is to be delivered by the
transmission line to a substation adjacent to the pump well of Dry
Dock No. 1, where the voltage will be reduced to 2,200 volts for dis-
tribution. The shops have been arranged in four groups as regards
electric distribution and each group provided with transformers and
switchboards for reducing the voltage. All power used in the plant
will be 3-phase, 25-cycle, 220-volt, except 220-volt direct current in
the machine shop for variable-speed tools. Duplicate motor-genera-
tor sets will be installed in the machine shop for furnishing the
current required.
In anticipation of requirements that will develop after the com-
pletion of the canal, investigations and inspections were made dur-
ing the past two years of the principal floating cranes in the United
States and Canada, as well as abroad, with a view to determining the
type of crane that will best meet canal requirements. The con-
clusion was reached that two floating cranes of the largest size would
be necessary to meet the conditions that might arise in handling lock
and dock gate leaves. These cranes will also be required, as regards
lifting capacity, to meet the requirements of the Navy Department.
On October 30, 1912, proposals were invited for the delivery of two
floating cranes of the revolving type, having a maximum lifting
capacity of 250 gross tons. Award was made April 17, 1913, to the
Deutsche Maschinen Fabrik, A. G., for approximately $827,550 for
the two cranes, to be delivered in 580 days.
46 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
An investigation and inspection of the most modern and largest
harbor tugs in use on the Atlantic coast of the United States and in
the leading ports of England was also made during the last two
years, and the estimates for the fiscal year 1913-14 included an
amount considered sufficient for the purchase of four such tugs.
Arrangements were made at the close of the past year for the prep-
aration of plans and specifications for suitable tugs for the purpose.
Numerous applications have been received from coal dealers for
loading space for the handling of their coal in supplying vessels that
will use the canal. No authority exists for leasing any land or land
under water in the Canal Zone, except the act of February 27, 1909,
which provides for the leasing of land for agricultural purposes only.
It was never intended that the Government should exercise a mo-
nopoly of the coal business on the Isthmus, but to utilize the coal
stored here for the use of the Navy in maintaining uniform prices of
this product to shipping. In order to encourage individuals and
companies in the business of furnishing coal to vessels which use the
canal, the policy has been adopted of providing storage in connection
with both coaling plants for the coal piles of individuals and com-
panies who desire to participate in the business. There will be a
certain rental charge for the areas and, in addition, a real estate tax
of 1 per cent of the value of the improvements, should any be made,
and a merchandise tax of 5 cents for each 2,000 pounds of coal sold.
The Government will do all the handling and charges for putting the
coal into storage and taking it out, charges for the use of coal barges,
and other labor in connection with this service will be fixed at cost
price to the Government for such service. The same policy was
adopted with reference to oil. It is proposed to equip the wharf in
the vicinity of the coaling station at the Pacific terminus and docks
13 and 14 at Mount Hope on the Atlantic side with fuel-oil supply
and delivery mains in duplicate, together with the necessary pumps,
so that the Government will be able to handle satisfactoril}^ all fuel
oil, including fuel oil of individuals and companies who may wish to
participate in the fuel-oil business on the Isthmus, on the same gen-
eral terms as those applying to the coal business.
A contract was entered into on October 1, 1912, for four storage
tanks 93 feet in diameter and 35 feet in height, each having a
capacity of 40,000 barrels, to be erected complete at a total cost of
$G2,800. At the end of the year these tanks had peen practically
completed, two at Mount Hope and two at Balboa dump, southeast of
Sosa Hill, and plans are under way to connect them with the
water front.
Three first-class meteorological stations at Ancon, Culebra, and
Colon were continued throughout the year, each with a full comple-
ment of instruments and in charge of a skilled observer. Wind
BEPORT OF CHAIKMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 47
records were kept at Gatun, Pedro Miguel, Sosa, and Miraflores.
Twenty-six rainfall stations were in operation, 15 of which were
equipped with standard and 11 with automatic rain gauges. Evapo-
ration stations were maintained at Ancon, Rio Grande, Gatun Lake,
Brazos Brook reservoir and Colon. Seismograph stations were in
operation at Ancon and Gatun. Duplicate automatic tide registers
were located at Colon and Balboa. For use by the Fortification
Board, maximum and minimum temperatures were recorded on the
Miraflores dumps. Eegular gauging work was discontinued on the
smaller streams at the end of the year 1912, the work being interfered
with by backwater from Gatun Lake.
The most important hydrological change during the year was the
rise of Gatun Lake. On July 1, 1912, the elevation was 31. The
stage of the water fluctuated, as regulated at the spillway, reaching
an extreme height of 56.28 feet above sea level on November 29.
From studies made it appears that the lake basin is subject to very
little seepage or other underground losses. The records of the
Chagres River and its tributaries show the calendar year, 1912, to be
second in order of dryness since American occupation in 1904. The
largest freshet since December, 1910, occurred on November 28 and
29, 1912, when there was a rise of 19.6 feet at Vigia and of 12.3 feet
at Alhajuela, the discharge at the latter point being 54,000 cubic feet
per second.
The average temperature for the calendar year 1912 was well
above normal, especially during the dry season. March was the
warmest month at Ancon and April at Culebra and Colon. The
highest temperatures recorded in April — 97° F. at Ancon and 96° F.
at Culebra — established new high temperature records at these sta-
tions. November was the coolest month at all stations, the minimum
recorded being 65° F. at Culebra.
The rainfall during 1912 was below normal everywhere except
immediately along the Pacific coast, although generally heavier than
the annual rainfall for 1911. The heaviest precipitation was 147.61
inches, at Porto Bello, and the minimum rainfall was 71.78 inches,
at Ancon.
There was a notable excess in wind movement during 1912. The
average velocities were abnormally high during the dry season; a
maximum velocity of 49 miles an hour from the east was recorded at
Gatun. The prevailing direction was from the northwest at Ancon
and Culebra and from the north at Colon. The relative humidity
was generally below normal, the mean being 81 per cent at Ancon,
82 per cent at Culebra, and 83 per cent at Colon.
A number of seismic disturbances were registered, but none was so
violent as to be sensibly felt in the Canal Zone.
48 KEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COM*MISSION.
Surveys were made of the Miraflores Lake watershed, Corozal
Hospital farm, Darien Radio Station reservation for the Navy De-
partment, Chagres River from Gamboa to the Zone boundary to locate
gravel banks, and the area in the vicinity of Mount Hope proposed
for oil storage. The boundary line between the city of Panama and
the Canal Zone was run out and monuments located. An error of
100 meters was found in the recorded distance between triangulation
stations Gamboa and Obispo, the recorded distance being 1,093.34 and
the correct distance 1,193.34 meters. Considerable survey work was
also done for the department of law and the joint land commission.
Further details concerning the work of the second division will be
found in Appendix F.
The mechanical work, performed by the mechanical division and
elsewhere on the Isthmus, will be found in report of Lieut. Col. T. C.
Dickson, United States Army, forming Appendix G.
CONSTRUCTION OF THE NEW PANAMA RAILROAD.
The construction of the new line of the Panama Railroad was
practically completed on May 25, 1912, when the portion of the line
from Gamboa to Pedro Miguel and back of Gold Hill was turned
over to the railroad company and accepted. Work during the year
consisted of riprapping the slopes of the embankments through the
Gatun Lake section, building a lift span of the bascule type in the
bridge spanning the Gatun River at Monte Lirio, and installing
automatic signals throughout the line. The work was in charge of
Lieut. Frederick Mears, United States Army, chief engineer of the
Panama Railroad.
Material from Culebra Cut was utilized during the year in strength-
ening the embankments near mile posts 20, 21, and 24, and also the
embankment in the Brazos Valley. The total amount of material
used for the purjDOse was 257,831 cubic yards.
The bridge across the Gatun River at Monte Lirio consists of the
three plate-girder spans formerly used on the old line of the railroad
for crossing the Chagres River at Barbacoas. The center span, a
103-foot jDlate girder, was converted into a lift span by the addition
of lifting trusses, lifting mechanism, and counterweight. It will
provide a channel 80 feet wide in the clear, with a depth of 45 feet
of water, thus giving ships access to the large area of the lake which
lies east of the railroad. The necessary materials were purchased
under contract for the sum of $24,390, and the bridge was erected by
the forces of the Panama Railroad at a cost of $59,G11.20, including a
combined operator's house, block office, and interlocking cabin.
Automatic signals were installed from Mindi to Corozal, with the
exception of about 4 miles between Caimito and Gamboa cabin, where
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 49
the main tracks are not on permanent grade and alignment. The
signals placed between Pedro Miguel and Corozal were removed
when it became necessary to use the new line of the railroad for the
passage of dirt trains to enable the cutting of the old line for the
construction of the Miraflores spillway.
For further details, attention is invited to Appendix H.
FORTIFICATIONS.
By the act approved August 24, 1912, an appropriation of
$1,000,000 was made for the gun and mortar batteries for the defense
of the canal against naval attack, making the total appropriated
$3,000,000, which is sufficient for the completion of this portion of
the work. In addition, $200,000 were appropriated for land de-
fenses.
Work was continued during the year on the gun and mortar bat-
teries. The detailed surveys necessary for the location of land
defenses were well advanced to completion and arrangements made
to begin work on July 1, 1913, on the construction of redoubts in
accordance with plans prepared by a board appointed for the pur-
pose and approved by the Secretary of War.
During the year 416,542.5 cubic yards of excavation, at an average
cost of $0.9225 per cubic yard, were done; 131,952.8 cubic yards of
concrete, at an average cost of $7.0670 per cubic yard, were laid;
93,808 linear feet of piling, at a cost of $0.4311 per linear foot, were
driven; and 100,957 cubic yards of filling, at a cost of $0.1720 per
cubic yard, were done by one of the dredges. The amount expended
for gun and mortar batteries was $1,432,767.01, for surveys
$41,790.95.
The work was in charge of Lieut. George R. Goethals, United States
Army, assisted by Lieut. A. H. Acher, United States Army, and Mr.
E. M. Elder and Mr. H. P. Warren as superintendents of con-
struction.
COST KEEPING.
The methods of cost keeping adopted on January 1, 1910, were
continued throughout the year. In addition to those reported a year
ago, cost accounts were initiated for the erection of permanent build-
ings, the construction of the electric - transmission line across the
Isthmus, and the preparation of permanent town sites. The cost
accounts of the first division, which include the erection of the lock
gates, emergency dams, lock-operating machinery, and aids to navi-
gation, were revised so as to furnish better information. Super-
vision of cost data for the construction of a concrete dock at Gatun
and of a bridge across the French canal at Mount Hope to connect
with the site of the Cristobal coaling plant were added to the duties of
11834°— 13 4
50 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
the office. These projects, as well as the construction of the dock at
Cristobal and of the new Washington Hotel at Colon, are in charge
of the Panama Railroad Co., and their costs are not included in this
report. The costs are made up of the labor engaged in and the
material applied to the work, an arbitrary to absorb the cost of the
plant, and a proper proportion of the division overhead charges.
The general expenses of the commission are prorated to the different
parts of the work and must be added to the division costs in order to
determine the total costs. As the division engineers do not neces-
sarily have control over the items which make up these general
expenses, the costs reported are the division costs, except where noted
to the contrary. The cost-keeping accountant, Mr. Ad. Faure, re-
ports directly to the chief engineer. His duties consisted, up to
October 1, 1912, in supervising and verifying the statements of costs
furnished by the division engineers, establishing accounts for new
work, and preparing statistical data. On October 1 the prepara-
tion of the detail costs for the aids to navigation was transferred
to his office; on January 1 that for the reorganized divisions of the
former Pacific division and for the first division of the chief en-
gineer's office; and on April 1 that for the Atlantic division. Al-
though the details of costs furnished have greatly increased in the
past year, the expense of securing this data has decreased from about
$3,600 per month to $3,000 per month.
In the distribution of general expenses, the central division con-
tinues to carry the larger proportion, due to the fact that prior to
1907 but little work was done except in this division, so that all the
overhead charges were properly added to it.
Excavation by steam shovels in the central division shows an in-
creased cost over last year of $0.0410, the principal item of increase
being in the cost of repairs to equipment — $0.0297.
In the Atlantic division the costs for dredging in the prism were
lower this year than last, due to the larger ratio of material exca-
vated by pipe-line suction dredges. In the Pacific division the cost
was higher than last year, due to the larger ratio of rock excavation
and the increased depth, which is attended with additional expense
because of the great tidal variations.
Hydraulic excavation in the channel below Miraflores Locks was
concluded in November, 1912, and the plant reerected at a point
north of Gold Hill to sluice the top banks in order to relieve the
pressure. Operations began on June 16, and to the close of the fiscal
year 57,274 cubic yards of material had been removed, at a division
cost of $0.1835 per cubic yard, including an arbitrary of $0.1000 per
cubic yard for plant. This work is being performed by the fifth
division, chief engineer's office.
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 51
There was a total of 771,907 cubic yards of masonry laid in the
locks and spillways during the year, as against 1,443,570 cubic yards
during the previous year. This is inclusive of masonry laid by the
first division in connection with the installation of operating ma-
chinery. The costs per cubic yard for the masonry were: Gatun
Locks, $7.2794; Gatun spillway, $8.1227; Gatun power house, $8.5739;
Pedro Miguel Dam, $5.0240; Pedro Miguel Locks, $7.5976; Miraflores
West Dam, $4.3330; Miraflores spillway, $5.8497; Miraflores Locks,
$5.6445. Plain concrete shows increased cost over last year in all
projects, except Gatun Locks, due to reduced quantities of concrete
laid and to the use of a larger ratio of auxiliary mixers. At Gatun
Locks plain concrete shows a decrease of $0.5934, principally in the
cost of sand and stone, in the expense for steel forms and in the
arbitrary for plant, the decrease in the cost of sand and stone being
due to readjustment of stock prices (revised cross-section measure-
ment of the stock piles having shown more stone in storage than was
carried on the books), and to securing sand from the borrow pit at
Gatun instead of from Nombre de Dios. At Miraflores Locks plain
concrete shows an increase of $0.4406 per cubic yard, principally in
cement, mixing, wood forms, and placing. Fluctuations in the cost
of reenforced concrete are due to the different classes of reenforced
concrete laid during the two years.
The dam at Gatun was increased by 1,714,367 cubic yards of dry
fill at a division cost of $0.3755 per cubic yard, and 169,114 cubic
yards of hydraulic fill at a division cost of $0.2654 per cubic yard.
At the close of the year there were in place at Gatun Dam 11,578,268
cubic yards of dry fill at a cost of $0.4063 per cubic yard, and
10,124,082 cubic yards of hydraulic fill at a cost of $0.2933 per cubic
yard.
During the fiscal year 1913 no filling for the Colon Breakwater
was secured from Toro Point; 183,762 cubic yards of large rock se-
cured from Porto Bello quarry were placed in the breakwater at an
average division cost of $4.8250 per cubic yard. This yardage is the
volume of rock in the bank. Last year 65,133 cubic yards of this
rock were placed in the breakwater at a division cost of $4.3064 per
cubic yard.
The Ancon quarry alone was operated during the fiscal year and
produced 688,301 cubic yards of crushed stone at an average cost of
$0.7795 delivered in storage. To the close of the fiscal year this
quarry had produced 2,558,578 cubic yards of crushed rock at an
average cost of $0.8572 per cubic yard delivered in storage. The
Porto Bello quarry, which began operations in March, 1909, and
closed down in April, 1912, produced 1,921,929 cubic yards of crushed
rock at an average cost of $2.4337 per cubic yard delivered in storage.
There was secured from the Chame sand pit 445,658 cubic yards of
52 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
sand at an average cost of $0.7111 per cubic yard delivered in storage.
To the end of the fiscal year there has been secured from this source
1.741,196 cubic yards of sand at an average cost of $0.7666 per cubic
yard. From the pit at Nombre de Dios on the Atlantic side, wliich
was opened in March, 1909, and closed in November, 1911, there was
secured 785,893 cubic yards of sand at an average division cost of
$1.9176 per cubic yard delivered in storage. During the year there
was secured from the borrow pit near Gatun dam 43,851 cubic yards
of sand at an average cost of $0.5188 per cubic yard.
To the close of the year the following amounts had been expended :
On spillway gates and caissons at Gatun, $73,732.22; at Miraflores,
$40,625.69. On spillway gate machines and their erection, at Gatun,
$91,122.95; at Miraflores, $64,299.22. On lock gates and their erec-
tion, at Gatun, $2,225,084.30; at Pedro Miguel, $1,373,537.13; at Mira-
flores, $1,233,845.37. On fender chains, at Giitun, $3,836.95 ; at Pedro
Miguel, $21.37. On emergency dams, at Gatun, $816,184.77; at
Pedro Miguel, $512,480.47; at Miraflores, $38,803.75. On lock op-
erating machinery, including towing-track system, coiicrete used in
the installation of machines, etc., at Gatun, $2,592,232.64; at Pedro
Miguel, $1,361,873.92; at Miraflores, $1,561,817.40. For the towing-
track system the following number of linear feet of return track were
laid by the construction divisions at the various locks : Gatun, 10,527,
average division cost $1.3261 ; Pedro Miguel, 4,333, average division
cost $1.1065 ; Miraflores, 5,925, average division cost $2.5637 ; and by
the first division at Gatun, 1,449, average division cost $1.9273; at
Pedro Miguel, 2,043, average division cost $2.3678; at Miraflores,
1,082, average division cost $0.6085 per linear foot. The number of
linear feet of track, with rack installed by the first division, and the
average cost per linear foot were: At Gatun, 21,000, average division
cost $2.3128; at Pedro Miguel, 12,199, average division cost $2.0180;
at Miraflores, 14,137, average division cost $1.2291.
In connection with the erection of operating machinery, installa-
tion of towing tracks, and decking, the first division had laid to
June 30, 1913, 36,710 cubic yards of concrete as follows: At Gatun
locks, 16,706 cubic yards, average division cost $13.4124 per cubic
yard; at Pedro Miguel Locks, 10,190 cubic yards, av-erage division
cost $12.1460 per cubic yard; at Miraflores locks, 9,814 cubic yards,
average division cost $11.3013 per cubic yard.
The total expenditures for aids to navigation to the close of the
fiscal year had been $377,041.63.
For the Cristobal terminals $14,488.14 had been expended, and for
the terminal facilities at Balboa $1,943,971.09. There had been exca-
vated in preparation of site 412,707 cubic yards of material at an
average cost of $0.5620 per cubic yard. In filling, 505,419 cubic
yards of material had been used at an average cost of $0.3992 per
REPORT OP CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER, 53
cubic yard. There had been di-edged in preparation of the inner
harbor at the latter point 1,771,814 cubic yards at an average cost
of $0.1547 per cubic yard. For the main dry dock there had been
excavated 145,478 cubic yards of material, and for the coaling sta-
tion 58,221 cubic yards, at an average cost of $0.8461 per cubic yard.
In preparing the foundations for the shops 29,684 cubic yards of ma-
terial had been removed at an average cost of $1.5607 per cubic yard ;
7,787 cubic yards of concrete had been placed at an average cost of
$9.2091 per cubic yard; 135,442 linear feet of wood piles and 3,060
linear feet of concrete piles had been driven, at an average cost of
$0.4820 and $3.2358 per linear foot, respectively. In constructing
the docks 12,435 linear feet of concrete caissons were placed at an
average cost, including excavation, of $18.4708 per linear foot.
There had been expended in the preparation of permanent town-
sites $52,458.77 and in the construction of permanent buildings
$55,918.76. In the preparation of foundations for the administration
building 38,073 cubic yards of material had been excavated, at an
average cost of $0.5654 per cubic yard, and 770 cubic yards of con-
crete had been laid in the foundations at an average cost of $12.8646
per cubic yard.
The amount paid for salaries of clerks and supervisory forces
during the fiscal year was 19.75 per cent of the total amount dis-
bursed for salaries. Last year it was 20.55 per cent, indicating a
saving in clerical and supervisory forces of about $185,000.
For further details concerning the cost of the various parts of the
work and the performance of the different plants, attention is in-
vited to Appendix I.
QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT.
The quartermaster's department is charged with the recruitment
of labor ; care, furnishing, and assignment of quarters ; distributing
fuel, commissary supplies, and distilled water; construction and re-
pair of all buildings ; requisitioning for supplies of all kinds, together
with the receipt and distribution of them on arrival ; cutting of grass
and disposal of night soil and garbage as prescribed by the sanitary
department; and the auditing of all property returns. The depart-
ment was in charge of Brig. Gen. C. A. Devol, United States Army,
until April 17, 1913, when, on account of ill health, it was necessary
for him to relinquish his position with the commission. On May 27,
1913, Capt. R. E. Wood, United States Army, was appointed chief
quartermaster and continued in charge for the rest of the year.
The force employed increased steadily during the first nme months
of the year, until on March 26 the number reached the highest iDoint
in the history of the canal work ; on that date the effective working
force was 44,733, of which 39,089 were on the pay rolls of the com-
54 BEPOBT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
mission aiid the Panama Railroad and 5,644 on the pay rolls of the
contractors handling the work on the lock gates, emergency dams,
and other contracts in connection with the work. The force fluc-
tuated between 34,957 on June 30, 1912, to the maximum on the date
specified, and numbered 43,350 at the close of the fiscal year. In
December, 1912, it became necessary to recruit laborers, and 528
were received from Barbados during January and February, 1913.
There was a decided decrease in immigration to the Isthmus as com-
pared with previous years, the excess of arrivals over departures
amounting to but 3,510. The average number of American em-
ployees on the rolls of the commission during the year was 4,340 and
on the rolls of the Panama Railroad 870, or a total of 5,110. Dur-
ing the same period there were 2,495 separations from the service of
the commission, 1,010 persons employed in the United States and
1,331 employed on the Isthmus, indicating that more than 57 per
cent of the gold force was changed.
The commission has 2,618 buildings in the Canal Zone, of which
1,856 were constructed by the Americans and 762 by the French.
This is a decrease of 121 from the total of the preceding year. The
buildings located at Nombre de Dios, which had been abandoned
when this locality ceased to be used as a source of sand supply, were
sold. In addition, 122 were demolished and 4 blown down or de-
stroyed by fire. Those demolished were located at Bas Obispo,
Culebra, Balboa, and Naos Island, and the destruction was necessary
by reason of the work or on account of slides. Those demolished
were small and of no value. New construction during the year was
less than at any previous time; 20 new buildings were put up and
15 additions made to existing ones. The buildings were small and
only two cost over $2^000. The additions as a rule were chargeable
to the Hotel Tivoli. Due to the slides at Culebra and the necessity
of transferring buildings from Gorgona and old Balboa, the work of
removal and reconstruction was on a large scale. Sixty-two build-
iners were taken down in sections and reconstructed in new locations.
The cost of the completed work amounted to $142,000, not including
buildings in the course of reconstruction on June 30, 1913, on which
$33,000 had already been expended. Up to April 1 the new» con-
struction, moving, and part of the maintenance work were handled
by five traveling gangs of carpenters. All the American buildings
in Gorgona had to be removed and reerected by September 1, 1913,
so that nine new gangs were formed in order to complete this work
on schedule time. The average cost of taking the buildings down
in sections and reconstructing them in new locations during the year
was a trifle less than one-third the original cost of the buildings, or
a saving over the cost of similar work done during the previous year.
It was found on reerection that the buildings were fully equal in
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 55
value to the original investment, as all unsound lumber was replaced,
new pliunbing connections put in, and the houses entirely repainted.
On June 30, 1913, there were 23,184 men, women^ and children
occupying commission quarters, practically the same as during the
previous year. Of these, 9,173 were in gold quarters, 4,295 were in
European quarters, and 9,716 were in West Indian quarters. Over
90 per cent of the American and European employees occupy com-
mission quarters, but less than 25 per cent of the West Indians take
advantage of them. The problem of housing employees properly
was a difficult one. Because of the opening up of the terminal work
there was a congestion, especially in bachelor quarters, in this terri-
tory. To meet the conditions it was necessary to move and reerect a
large nmnber of houses for use as quarters. The demolition of the
old settlements of Balboa and Gorgona complicated the situation.
In moving Gorgona it was necessary to care for 200 American fami-
lies, 600 American bachelors, and several hundred West Indians who
occupied commission quarters, and these were provided for at other
points. This movement began in March and was almost completed
at the close of the year.
The value of material received from the United States durin^ the
year was greater than for any preceding year; it amountea to
$13,980,071, not including $2,535,860 paid to the McClintic-MarshaU
Construction Co. or the value of local purchases on the Isthmus
amountiQg to $2,733,867. The consumption of cement decreased from
1,600,000 barrels in 1912 to 1,200,000 barrels in 1913 ; the total con-
sumption to date amounted to 5,797,910 barrels. During the year all
cement was purchased in sacks, of which 33,475,408 were received
and 29,882,968 were returned to the United States ; of those returned,
269,775 sacks were rejected, or less than 1 per cent of those returned.
The consumption of lumber was approximately 27,000,000 feet board
measure, about the same as the preceding year, and the total receipts
of lumber since the inception of the work have been 231,000,000 feet
board measure. The stock on hand at all storehouses on June 30
amounted to $3,436,995, a decrease of $284,217 from the stock on
hand June 30, 1912. The actual reduction was greater than the net
decrease would indicate, as approximately $638,000 worth of material
was returned to stock by the various divisions. The problem of
supply was especially difficult during the year. As the work draws
to completion it is considered advisable to keep the stock on hand at
as low a figure as possible and operate on a close margin. This
necessitates sending a large number of rush and cable orders, increas-
ing the work of the supply department on the Isthmus and of the
purchasing agency in the United States. It is hoped that the spare
parts now in stock can be worked off, particularly car, steam shovel,
and locomotive repair parts, before final completion of the work.
56 KEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Under the contract for the sale and removal of the French scrap
on the Isthmus, entered into in September, 1911, 21,730 tons were
collected from points along the line and shipped to the storage yard
at Cristobal. The purchase price was $215,000. The time allotted
for the removal of the material was three years; almost two years
have elapsed and the commission has received but $13,473. A con-
tract was entered into with the Chicago House Wrecking Co. cover-
ing all American iron and steel scrap already accumulated or that
would accumulate during the fiscal year. This scrap totaled 12,109
tons. Payment was to be made on ship's bill of lading as shipped
from the Isthmus; the commission has received only $18,571, as but
2,466 tons have been shipped. The sale of scrap screenings removed
from buildings netted $6,866 and scrap rope* and hose were sold to
the value of $4,693. Approximately $75,000 were realized from the
sale of copper and brass scrap that had accumulated in the operation
of the Gorgona brass foundry.
Besides the regular issues to departments and divisions of the com-
mission and the Panama Railroad a number of sales were made to
employees, contractors, private individuals, and companies, the total
amount aggregating $106,037.77. The value of stock on hand at the
obsolete storehouse on June 30 was $431,916, an increase of $70,000
over the total on hand at the close of the previous fiscal year. Invi-
tations for bids were issued offering for sale a large amount of mate-
rial in the obsolete storehouse on Februaiy 23, 1912 ; of the 24 classes
advertised awards were made on but 6, as either no bids were received
on the other classes or the bids were below the upset price of the ma-
terial. Under the circular issued on February 1, 1913, satisfactory bids
were received on only four of the 27 classes advertised. Results from
these sales demonstrate that this method of sale of the entire equipment
and material is not satisfactory. Firms or contractors desiring ma-
terial buy only when they need it, and their necessities may not coin-
cide with the particular time when advertisement is made, so that
only the scrap dealer or middleman is benefited. It is believed that
best results would be obtained by placing a fair upset price on such
material and equipment and selling it when opportunity offers. A
board of appraisal was appointed to place values on all articles that
may be offered for sale. Under this arrangement equipment to the
value of $32,000 was sold and paid for. In addition, $18,670 worth
of equipment so appraised was sold to the United Fruit Co. in June,
3913, but delivery has not yet been effected.
The quartermaster's department attends to all purchases on the
Isthmus, and the amount expended aggregated $2,733,867, of which
$1,492,322.52 were for the purchase of coal from the Panama Rail-
road Co., $995,408.92 for the purchase of crude oil from the Union
Oil Co., and $223,208.26 for miscellaneous purchases from the Panama
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 57
Railroad Co., leaving $22,672.81 for the purchase of miscellaneous
supplies from local merchants. The balance was used for postage
stamps.
The work done for the sanitary department, consisting of grass
and brush cutting, disposal of night soil and garbage, continued as
heretofore. All grass was cut on request from the sanitary depart-
ment. The total amount cut was 7,356 acres, of which 4,822 acres
were cut by scythe, at an average cost of $9.05 per acre, and 2,534
acres by horse mower, at an average cost of $1.77 per acre. The
area covered by this sanitary work was approximately 2,980 acres.
The cost of the sanitary work done by the quartermaster's depart-
ment amounted to $125,983.21.
The supply of animal transportation was inadequate to meet the
demands, and 50 mules were purchased at a cost of $10,562, reaching
the Isthmus May 26. These scarcely replaced the animals which were
condemned or which died during the year. Six horses and 20 mules
were condemned and destroyed and 5 horses and 4 mules died, a total
of 35 animals.
For further information concerning the operations of this depart-
ment attention is invited to Appendix J.
SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT.
The subsistence department is charged with the operation of the
Isthmian Canal Commission hotels, messes, and kitchens, and is in
charge of Lieut. Col. Eugene T. Wilson, United States Army, as
subsistence officer.
On June 30, 1913, the department was operating the Hotel Tivoli,
17 line hotels, 3 night restaurants, 15 European laborers' messes,
and 16 common laborers' kitchens — a decrease of 2 hotels, 3 messes,
and 2 kitchens from last year. The hotel at Balboa was closed on
July 16 and consolidated with the one at East Balboa. The hotel
near the spillway at Gatun was closed March 31, and the messes at
Cerro, Haut Obispo, Gatun (No. 68), and Naos Island were closed
during the year, and one at Bas Obispo opened. A new kitchen was
also opened at Bas Obispo, while those at Ancon, Cerro, and Haut
Obispo were closed. The total revenue from the line hotels, restau-
rants, messes, and kitchens was $1,235,077.84, a decrease of $28,791.97
from last year, while the total cost of operations was $1,205,800.76,
a decrease of $20,551.40, making the profit $29,277.08, a decrease of
$8,240.57 from that of last year. The total number of meals served
in line hotels was 2,340,644, an increase of 265,309 over last year.
The total number of rations served in European laborers' messes was
935,516, or 172,659 less than last year. The total number of rations
served in common laborers' kitchens was 461,456, a decrease from
58 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
last 3'ear of 123,001. The net expense for salaries and wages was
$166,398.65, an increase of $4,391.88 as compared with the previous
fiscal year. As the result of the year's operations the line hotels and
restaurants showed a loss of $3,837.71, an increase of $8,247.66 over
last year; European laborers' messes showed a profit of $26,845.24,
a decrease of $11,610.54, and common laborers' kitchens showed a
profit of $6,269.55, a dcrease of $4,877.69.
A laundry was installed in the Hotel Tivoli to handle guests' work,
and was opened in December, 1912. The hotel was operated at a
profit of $76,256.55.
For further particulars concerning the operation of the subsistence
department attention is invited to Appendix K.
EXAMINATION OF ACCOUNTS AND DISBURSEMENTS.
EXAMINATION OF ACCOUNTS.
The duties of the examiner of accounts were outlined in detail in
the annual report of 1909 and continued with but little change dur-
ing the year just ended. The department is in charge of Mr. H. A.
A. Smith.
In the legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation act ap-
proved August 23, 1912, a provision was inserted relative to the ad-
ministrative examination of public accounts and stated that " dis-
bursing officers shall make only such examination of vouchers as may
be necessary to ascertain whether they represent legal claims against
the United States." After discussing the meaning of this provision
with the Committee on Appropriations of the House, instructions
were issued, effective May 1, 1913, by which the greater part of the
detail check made by the disbursing officer of every voucher, pay roll
and pay receipt was discontinued, and the responsibility formerly
carried by the clerks of the disbursing office for such check was trans-
feiTcd to the clerks in the pay roll and voucher division of the
examiner of accounts' office.
Effective January 1, 1913, the timekeeping division was organized
by consolidating the work of preparing time and pay rolls for various
departments and divisions, and continued under this department
until July 1, 1913, when, with the approval of the Secretary of War,
it was transferred to the fourth division of the chief engineer's office.
The only change made in the accounting system during the year
was the extension of the classified expenditure accounts to provide
for new operations, including the construction of new buildings, the
electric transmission line, and clearing the lake, and a further separa-
tion of the accounts for tilie construction and maintenance of water-
works and sewers to care for the permanent water supply. The
material and supply account was closed at the end of the year and a
REPOBT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 59
new account opened which is designed to provide a more exact record
of material and supplies on hand and issued. The continuance of
the method of absorbing plant and equipment charges resulted in
distributing plant charges to the amount of $27,550,635.24 to the con-
struction divisions to June 30, 1913, leaving a balance to be absorbed
on that date of $1,941,488.61. As far as appeared practicable, cash
payments for materials and supplies furnished and services rendered
was adopted during the year. The work involved in the collection of
money due the commission from employees and others was consider-
ably reduced and the liability of loss due to giving credit was
removed.
Under the agreement with the Republic of Panama for reimbusing
the United States for expenditures incurred in connection with the
construction and maintenance of waterworks, sewers, and pavements
in the cities of Panama and Colon, the total amount expended in the
city of Panama was $1,626,267.58, and in the city of Colon $1,550,-
030.46, or a total of $3,176,298.04, including accrued interest to date at
the rate of 2 per cent per annum. This interest has aggregated
$270,733.72. At the close of the fiscal year $975,439.71 has been re-
imbursed. Included in this amount is $32,785.01, representing the
value of water used by the commission in the two cities.
The duty of purchasing and issuing commissary coupon books was
transferred to the Panama Railroad Co., but, as the method con-
tinued of issuing coupon books to employees of the commission and
making collections therefor by deductions on the pay roll, the work
of the department was reduced but little; 60,790 hotel books and
1,363,100 meal tickets were issued, for which collections were made on
the pay rolls. In addition, $3,235,122 worth of commissary books
were issued and collected on the pay rolls.
The administrative examination of the disbursing officer's accounts
was made monthly, and the periodical examination of all fiscal
officers' records of financial transactions and the auditing of their
accounts were continued, involving a complete check of the records
and cash and cash values in the hands of over 200 financially re-
sponsible officers. There were passed to the disbursing officer for
payment audited vouchers amounting to $9,022,000 and pay rolls
amounting to approximately $20,700,000. At the close of business on
June 30 there were unaudited claims on hand amounting to $57,197,
the greater portion of which were in favor of the Panama Railroad
Co. The force assigned to the inspection of time books and the work
of timekeepers in the field was reduced, due partly to reduction in
operations at certain points and partly to cooperation between depart-
ments and divisions. A few cases of padded time books were dis-
covered toward the end of the year and five or six negro timekeepers,
foremen, and laborers were convicted.
60 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Under the provisions of the injury compensation act of May 80,
1908, as amended by section 5 of the act of March 4, 1911, 1,809
claims for compensation on account of injuries received in the course
of employment were filed during the year, and 41 claims were filed on
account of deaths — a total of 1,850; of these, 1,452 claims for injuries
were allowed, and 130 were disallowed for the reason that the em-
ployees claiming compensation were incapacitated for less than 15
days, in which cases payments were made as meritorious sick leave
under the act of February 24, 1909 ; in addition to these, 185 claims,
including 25 claims pending from the previous year, were disallowed
for some one of the following reasons : On account of negligence and
misconduct of the employees; because the employees were not in
course of employment, or not employees of the commission; because
the accident described was not the cause of incapacity; because of
lack of sufficient evidence to establish connection between the alleged
injury and the incapacity; and because of failure to secure proper
medical treatment. Of the death claims 21 were allowed, while 8
were disallowed for the reason that in 6 of them the claimants were
not considered dependent parents within the meaning of the act, and
in 2 of them death was due to negligence. Under the act of February
24, 1909, authorizing meritorious sick leave to injured employees for
not exceeding 30 days in any one year, 4,715 cases were allowed. The
average duration of disability of cases for which injury compensation
claims were filed was 58 days, whereas in meritorious sick leave cases
the average duration was 5 days. The total amount expended during
the year in settlement of these claims was $224,071.72, making a total
from August 1, 1909, to June 30, 1913, of $915,824.79.
Congress has appropriated a total of $349,505,223.14 for canal con-
struction, including appropriations contained in the act of June 23,
1913. Of this amount, $10,076,950 were for fortifications, of which
$1,870,000 were appropriated by the act of June 23, 1913, and
$21,411.56 were for the relief of private persons. The balance,
$338,806,861.58, including $16,265,393 appropriated by the act of
June 23, 1913, was appropriated for the construction of the canal and
is a charge against the total authorized bond issue of $375,200,900.
This leaves available for appropriation a balance of $36,394,038.42.
The actual cash balance on hand June 30, 1913, for the construction
of the canal, excluding the amount available for fortifications, Avas
$20,673,904.79. Up to June 30, 1913, $5,856,838.35 were collected and
returned to the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts. This item repre-
sents the total amount appropriated by Congress which, after being
used for miscellaneous purposes in connection with the canal work,
was covered back into the Treasury and lost to canal appropriations.
The examiner of accounts is also auditor for the Canal Zone gov-
ernment. He receives, examines, and settles all accounts pertaining
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 61
to the revenues of the Canal Zone government and expenditures
therefrom. The amount of revenues derived from rentals and taxa-
tion decreased from $259,759.68 in 1912 to $212,266.83 in 1913. The
disbursement of Canal Zone revenues increased from $214,000 in 1912
to $233,000 in 1913, the increase being principally due to sanitaiy
work in native villages and increased expenditure for maintenance of
Canal Zone roads and trails.
For further particulars, attention is invited to Appendix L.
DISBURSEMENTS.
The work of this department embraces the securing of and dis-
bursing the necessary fimds and the accounting for all moneys paid
out or collected, as well as the issuance of hotel and commissary books
and meal tickets to the various departments of the commission. It
was in charge of Mr. E. J. Williams, disbursing officer.
The total amount paid out by the disbursing officer on pay rolls
aggregated $20,524,705.75, in addition to which $9,035,630.18 were
paid out in settlement of public bills and on reimbursement vouchers.
The value of hotel books, commissary books, and meal tickets issued
totaled $1,305,405.
For further details, attention is invited to Appendix M.
DEPARTMENTS OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION AND LAW.
CIVIL ADMINISTRATION.
The organization of the department of civil administration re-
mained substantially as described in former annual reports and con-
tinued in charge of Mr. Maurice H. Thatcher until June 14, 1913,
when he entered on leave of absence, at the expiration of which his
ser\dces were terminated by resignation. .
Seven acts of Congress and four joint resolutions affecting the
Panama Canal and the Canal Zone were enacted during the year, the
most important being the Panama Canal act, approved August 24,
1912, providing for the opening, maintenance, protection, and opera-
tion of the Panama Canal and the sanitation and government of the
Canal Zone. Four ordinances were enacted by the Isthmian Canal
Commission and approved by the Secretary of War, the most im-
portant of which amended certain of the rules governing the naviga-
tion of the Panama Canal and the approaches thereto. At a meeting
of the commission held April 24, 1913, a resolution was adopted that
no further licenses be granted for the sale of intoxicating liquors on
the Canal Zone.
Negotiations carried on with the officials of the Republic of Panama
included the following subjects: Arrest by Panamanian police of
commission employees while engaged in the performance of their
62 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
duties in the cities of Colon and Panama; the reciprocal licensing of
carts and wagons used in the transportation of merchandise in the
Eepublic and the Canal Zone ; municipal and sanitary improvements
in Colon and Panama ; the superior right of the United States under
the treaty to use the rivers and streams of the Republic ; the deporta-
tion to the Republic of ex-convicts who have served terms of imprison-
ment in the Canal Zone ; the admission of merchandise shipments con-
signed to the commission, the Marine Corps, the Tenth Infantry, and
the wireless stations, without the intei'vention of Panamanian customs
officials; delay in customs release covering shipments consigned to
commission and Panama Railroad employees; collection of customs
duties on parcel-post packages coming through the post offices of the
Canal Zone; establishment of a uniform schedule of rates to be
charged for transporting passengers by automobile between points
in the Canal Zone and the cities of Colon and Panama ; the collection
of a tax by Panama upon steamship tickets covering passage to
foreign ports; and the tax upon steamship agencies doing business
in the Canal Zone and in the Republic of Panama. The relations of
the commission with the Republic of Panama and with foreign repre-
sentatives continued satisfactory.
During the year the board of local inspectors issued 88 licenses to
pilots; 41 to masters, 19 of which were issued as joint master-pilot
licenses; 22 to mates; and 58 to engineers — a total of 209 licenses.
Under the provisions of the Executipe order of July 21, 1911, certifi-
cates were issued to 94 vessels, of which 18 were over 100 gross tons
burden. One hundred and sixty-two licenses as navigators of motor
boats were granted. Licenses were also issued to 120 chauffeurs.
Postage sales for the fiscal year amounted to $100,804.38, an increase
of $13,109.97 over the previous year. There were 160,742 registered
letters and parcels handled, of which 41 per cent was official matter.
Money orders to the number of 238,316, having a total value of
$4,883,624.13, were issued, on which the fees amounted to $23,347.12.
Of the money orders issued during the year, orders amounting to
$3,917,899.30 were made payable without and $965,724.83 within the
limits of the Canal Zone. At the close of the fiscal year there was
on deposit in the postal savings banks a total of $645,690. There were
in the post offices of the Canal Zone on the same date unpaid money
orders aggregating $156,928, drawn to the order of the remitters and
payable at the offices of issue.
During the year 281 vessels entered the port of Ancon, with a total
tonnage of 553,767, and 283 vessels cleared, with a total tonnage of
556,306. At Cristobal 280 vessels entered, with a tonnage of 849,702,
and 283 vessels cleared, with a tonnage of 858,703.
On June 30, 1913, there were in force 319 leases, of which 312 were
for building lots, 1 for land, and 6 for buildings. Rents collected
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 63
during the year amounted to $4,792.95. A total of $53,855.95 was
collected from general taxes and licenses; of this amount, $9,130.55
were for distillation taxes, $43,800 for licenses for the sale of liquor
at retail, $1,180.38 for license fees from insurance companies doing
business in the Canal Zone, and $2,240.50 for licenses for motor
vehicles.
During the year 470 estates were settled, and on June 30, 1913,
there were 78 estates in the course of settlement. The money handled
on account of the administration of estates was $30,124.24.
^ reorganization of the division of police and prisons was effected
on September 1, 1912, as a result of which the authorized strength of
the force was reduced from 274 to 247. There were 6,827 arrests
made, of which number 6,079 were males and 748 females. Of the
total number of persons arrested 77 per cent were convicted. On
June 30, 1913, there were 133 convicts confined in the penitentiary;
practically all of these were kept at work on the public roads, and
the value of their work was $26,561.75. The cost of guarding, sub-
sisting, and clothing the convicts was $30,178.23. The stockade on
the Mandingo River was closed during the year and all convicts were
transferred to a new stockade erected near Gamboa bridge ; the pris-
oners will be housed here during the construction of the wagon road
leading from Gamboa to connect with the Panama-Empire Road.
Although no change was made in the authorized strength of the
division of fire protection, there was actually a reduction of 15 men
as compared with the number in service at the close of the previous
year; the reduction was made necessary by a cut in the appropria-
tions for the department. Purchase of two automobile fire engines,
mentioned in the last annual report, made possible the discontinuance
of the one-man stations at Balboa and Mount Hope, the consolidation
of the two Ancon stations, and the sale of six fire horses. All fire
equipment installed in the buildings at Gorgona was removed upon
the abandonment of that settlement and most of it has been installed
in the buildings reconstructed at Corozal and Balboa. There were
220 alarms of fire responded to, 18 of which were false. Of the 202
fires, 1 was in the city of Panama and 7 in the city of Colon; 104
were in Government property and 20 in property of the Panama
Railroad Co. The value of Government and railroad property in-
volved was reported to be $834,077.44; the total loss was estimated
at $12,173.77 for Government property and $501.75 for the property
of the Panama Railroad Co. The largest and most serious fire in
the Canal Zone occurred at Toro Point, causing a loss to the commis-
sion of $11,326.98. The year's fires resulted in five injuries from
burns: no loss of life occurred.
64 KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
The authorized organization of the division of public works re-
mained unchanged throughout the year, although the deficiency in
the department's appropriations made it necessary to dispense with
two inspectors. All municipal improvements in the city of Panama
undertaken under the appropriation of $800,000 which were com-
pleted were turned over to this division for maintenance. On June
30, 1913, 2,101 water connections had been made in the city of
Panama and on that date 22 applications were pending. The col-
lections of water rents from private consumers for the first three
quarters of the year in the city of Panama were $81,727.75, and bills
rendered for the last quarter aggregated $32,583.75. For the first
three quarters of the year the water collections exceeded requirements
by $13,219.69, which was applied to the reduction of the cost of
waterworks, sewers, and pavements. In the city of Colon 866 con-
nections had been made with water mains and on that date there
were 55 applications pending. Collections in Colon from private
consumers and from the commission and Panama Railroad Co. dur-
ing the first three quarters amounted to $64,058.15, and the net
amount of bills rendered for the fourth quarter was $21,168.80. For
the city of Colon the Republic of Panama paid $9,675.05 in order to
liquidate its proportionate share of the cost of water, sewer, and
street systems for the first three quarters of the fiscal year. In the
Canal Zone 695 water connections have been made. From the eight
public markets in operation during the year a revenue of $3,805.50
was derived in rent.
The organization of the division of schools consisted of 1 superin-
tendent, 1 supervisor of upper grades and high schools, 1 supervisor
of primary grades, 2 clerks, 2 supervisors of children, 1 principal of
high school, 6 principals of grammar schools, and 72 teachers. The
school year opened October 1, 1912, with an enrollment of 2,199
children — 1,157 whites and 1,012 blacks. At the close of the fiscal
year 29 school buildings were in use — 14 for whites and 15 for blacks.
Medical inspection of all pupils was continued and 1,044 pupils were
treated during the school year.
The supreme court held 26 sessions during the year. It aiErmed
decisions of the circuit courts in two and reversed the decisions of
those courts in two criminal cases. At the beginning of the year
two civil cases were pending in the supreme court, 22 were filed, and
18 were disposed of. In the circuit courts, 533 criminal cases were
instituted, out of which number there were 369 convictions, 93 ac-
quitals, and 67 dismissals, leaving 4 cases pending at the close of the
year. There Avere 585 civil actions brought, 750 of which were
settled and 108 pending on June 30, 1913.
EEPOKT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 65
At the beginning of the fiscal year there were $259,102.16 in the
Zone Treasury, and during the year collections amounted to
$336,603.33. Expenditures for the year totaled $374,868.04.
For further particulars concerning the work of this department,
attention is invited to Appendix N.
DEPARTMENT OF LAW.
The department continued in charge of Judge Frank Feuille and
the duties are as outlined in previous annual reports.
In anticipation of the inundation of the Gatun Lake area, a num-
ber of towns along the line of the old Panama Railroad between
Gorgona and Gatun were cleared of their population ; as a result, the
administrative district of Gorgona was abolished and its territory
added to the district of Empire for judicial, administrative, and po-
litical purposes, by an Executive order issued September 2, 1912,
The order also abolished the office of senior district judge and re-
duced the number of district judges to 3.
The Panama Canal act^ approved August 24, 1912, authorized the
President to declare that all land and land under water within the
limits of the Canal Zone are necessary for the construction, main-
tenance, operation, sanitation, and protection of the Panama Canal.
Pursuant to these provisions an Executive order was issued under date
of December 5, 1912, directing that all land and land under water
within the limits of the Canal Zone be taken possession of on behalf
of the United States and to extinguish, by agreement when prac-
ticable, all claims and titles of adverse claimants to the occupancy
of land and land under water. Due to the additional work that was
thrown upon the department by reason of this order, and also for
the purpose of representing the United States before the joint land
commission which had been appointed in compliance with the pro-
visions of the treaty, the personnel of the department was increased
by one clerk and a land inspector during the latter part of the fiscal
year. As negotiations have been pending between the United States
and the Republic of Panama for the exchange of lands known as
Las Sabanas, lying contiguous to the city of Panama, in the Canal
Zone, for certain harbor areas in the city of Colon, an Executive
order of Febiiiary 18, 1913, was issued, modifying the provisions of
the Executive order of December 5, 1912, exempting privately owned
lands in the territory under negotiation from being acquired by the
United States. On March 19, 1913, an Executive order was issued
protecting from wanton killing or injury the birds of the Canal Zone.
By Executive order of March 20, 1913, amending the Executive order
of February 5, 1912, the collector of revenues was authorized to ad-
minister upon estates which consisted of personal property only,
11834°— 13 5
66 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
regardless of the value of the estates, the maximum value previously
fixed being $1,000. Under existing law, therefore, the estates of de-
ceased or insane employees of the Canal Commission, the Canal Zone
government, and the Panama Railroad Co. are administered by the
collector of revenues free of cost. The actions of the collector are
subject to the supervision and approval of the Circuit Court of the
First Judicial Circuit of the Canal Zone.
Complaints had been made from time to time that the agents of
foreign corporations whose financial condition was doubtful were
doing business in the Canal Zone, to the exploitation of our em-
ployees. To prevent this as far as possible an Executive order
was issued on March 20, 1913, requiring foreign corporations or
joint stock companies to file their articles of incorporation with the
collector of revenues for the Canal Zone, together with such informa-
tion as will enable the collector of revenues to base a conclusion as
to the solvency of the concern. In addition to this, foreign corpora-
tions are required to file authorization with the collector of revenues
to represent them in all suits and legal proceedings in the Canal
Zone^ and to pay an annual tax of $50. The order has had a salutary
effect in keeping out undesirable concerns.
On April 15, 1913, maritime quarantine regulations for the Canal
Zone and the harbors of the cities of Panama and Colon in the
Republic of Panama were established by Executive order, the regu-
lations to take effect upon the date on which the Panama Canal is
officially and formally opened for use and operation by proclamation
of the President of the United States. The regulations were pro-
mulgated in advance in order that shipping interests and the travel-
ing public may have information in regard to the quarantine require-
ments of the canal and the Canal Zone.
Due to the fact that the prosecuting attorney devoted his time
almost exclusively to the adjustment of land claims, especially those
coming before the joint land commission, the prosecution of all
criminal cases was conducted by the assistant prosecuting attorney
and 621 criminal cases were disposed of in the three circuits; of the
total number of defendants tried, 449 were convicted. 111 were
acquitted, the charges against 54 were dismissed, and in 7 cases the
defendants are fugitives from justice. One disbarment proceeding
was brought in the supreme court against an attorney of the Canal
Zone, and the defendant was disbarred from practice in the Zone
courts.
A total of $27,606.50 was paid by the commission in settlement of
claims presented by squatters and occupants of Zone lands. Several
tracts of land were acquired from private persons by deed. In addi-
tion to the above, quitclaim deeds were obtained for the United States
for holdings at Santa Isabel, El Encanto, Victoriano, and Paja. On
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 67
March 31, 1913, all unexpired Canal Commission leases for building
lots and agricultural property were terminated; on that date there
were 174 leases, covering 99 hectares of agricultural land and 108
building lots, which would have remained in force until June 30,
1913, had it not been for the order of cancellation.
Kevocable licenses to the number of 312, covering 347 building lots,
were in force on June 30, 1913, calling for an annual rental of
$2,816.96.
For further details concerning this department, attention is invited
to Appendix O.
DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION.
This department has charge of sanitary work in the cities of Colon
and Panama and of oiling ditches and other water in the Canal Zone.
It designates the remaining sanitary work to be done in the Canal
Zone and exercises such supervision as may be necessary to insure
proper performance of the work. In addition, the department has
charge of the hospitals and quarantine. It is in charge of Col.
William C. Gorgas, United States Army, as chief sanitary officer.
The work in the terminal cities consists in cutting grass and brush,
oiling pools, constructing and maintaining ditches for drainage pur-
poses, removal of garbage and night soil, fumigation, and street
cleaning. On account of the juxtaposition of Cristobal, Mount Hope,
and Toro Point to Colon these are included in the Colon area, and
for the same reason Ancon Hospital grounds are included with
Panama. According to the report submitted, the work done in
Panama consisted in cleaning 200 miles of ditches, digging 1.2 miles
of ditches, and clearing 114 acres of weeds and grass, in addition to
filling and cleaning cesspools and wells, oiling, disinfecting, and
fumigating. In the Colon district, from the same source, 72 miles
of ditches were maintained, 77 miles of ditches were constructed, and
29 acres were cleared of vegetation, in addition to oiling, disinfect-
ing, and fumigating.
The total expense for sanitary work in the Canal 2k)ne and in
the cities of Panama and Colon was $510,529.17, of which $62,955.06
was for sanitation proper in the two cities, $371,844.90 for sanita-
tion proper in the Zone, $10,627.60 for removal of garbage and street
cleaning in the two cities, and $65,101.61 for removal of garbage and
street cleaning in the Zone. Of the amount expended for sanitation
proper in the Zone the construction divisions expended $91,877.98,
principally in the maintenance of existing ditches and the construc-
tion of new ones for drainage purposes; the quartermaster's depart-
ment, $50,533.13 for grass and brush cutting. The sanitary depart-
ment used in the Zone 674,662 gallons of oil, costing $17,669.69, and
120,092 gallons of larvacide, costing $21,759.9^; the labor expense
68 EEPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
for distributing was $21,320.39 and $19,567.39, respectively. All
work performed by the construction divisions and the quartennaster's
department was done under the direction of the sanitary department.
The removal of garbage and night soil in the Zone was done by the
quartermaster's department.
Admissions to hospitals and sick camps during the year, including
those sick in quarters, totaled 33,779; the daily average number of
employees sick was 19.04 out of every thousand, as against 22.91 for
1911-12 and 24.77 for 1910-11— this on the basis that the total num-
bers employed during the years mentioned were 54,000, 50,008, and
49,129, respectively. The total number of deaths among employees
was 483, of which 36 were Americans, 58 were white employees of
other nationalities, and 389 were blacks. The total number of deaths
from violence among all employees was 164, as against 154 for the
preceding j^ear. In addition, on the recommendation of the medical
examining board, 183 deportations were made — 134 for disease and
49 on account of injuries.
For further details concerning this department attention is invited
to Appendix P.
RECREATION OF EMPLOYEES.
On June 30, 1913, clubhouses were in operation at Corozal,
Empire, Gorgona, Gatun, and Cristobal in the Canal Zone, and at
Porto Bello, about 20 miles down the Atlantic coast.
The clubhouse at Culebra was removed because of slides and a
portion of the building was reerected at the rear of the administra-
tion building annex at a cost of about $1,700, paid from clubhouse
funds. Bowling allej'^s, pool and billiard tables, soda fountain, bar-
ber shop, and a reading room were thus provided in thisi new loca-
tion. Entertainments were given in the second story of the school-
house.
The average monthly membership for the year was 2,023, as
against 1,944 for the previous year. The largest membership for
any given month was 2,127, the largest since organization.
The total expenditures from commission funds for the support of
these clubhouses aggregated $49,925.96.
For further details concerning the operation of the clubhouses,
see Appendix Q.
WASHINGTON OFFICE.
The work of the Washington office continued in charge of Maj.
F. C. Boggs, United States Army. The scope of the work was as
previously reported, but was made more difficult and arduous by the
fact that, in the desire to reduce the amount of stock on hand, the
number of rush orders was increased.
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 69
During the year 2,065 persons within the United States were
tendered employment for duty on the Isthmus in grades above that
of laborer ; 1,183 accepted and were appointed, covering 59 different
positions.
The total amount of purchase orders placed for the fiscal year was
$12,335,973.12. The most important contracts were for permanent
equipment: For structural material for locks and spillways, $241,-
326.33; machinery for their operation, $740,302.02; electric locomo-
tives and tracks, $548,732.67; hydroelectric station, $72,540.34; dock
material, $571,723.48; shop buildings and machinery, $593,649.51;
transmission line, $688,503.38; and two 250-ton revolving floating
cranes, $837,500. Other principal items of purchase included two
15-yard dipper dredges, 6,310,000 pounds of dynamite, and 23,505,695
feet of lumber. A supplemental contract was entered into September
13, 1912, covering the additional quantity of cement necessary to com-
plete the work. During the year 1,303,762 barrels of cement were
purchased.
For further details, attention is invited to Appendix R.
GENERAL REMARKS.
Since the submission of the last annual report the concrete work of
the locks has been completed, and but for slides which developed ex-
cavation in the central division would also have been finished. In the
last annual report the completion of the canal by the close of the
fiscal year was predicated on the completion of the lock gates by the
contractor and the slides. As already noted, the contract for the
completion of the gates has been extended and contemplates finish-
ing up all work on one flight throughout by October 1, 1913. Work
on the installation of the operating machinery was concentrated so as
to meet this condition of the lock gates, and it is believed that one
flight of locks throughout will be ready for operation October 1, 1913,
except the fender chains and the control houses, but electrical cur-
rent from existing power plants will be usable until the completion
of the hydroelectric station. Assuming the lake level at elevation
50, July 1, with an average rainy season the lake should reach eleva-
tion 85 by December 1, 1913. The rainfall during the month of May
was excessive and above the average; the rainfall during July was
below the average, so that the lake has not reached the elevation that
it should have at this time by about 3^ feet.
The slides which occurred to prevent completion of the Cut as an-
ticipated a year ago are at Cucaracha, the east side opposite Culebra,
two in the vicinity of the Empire suspension bridge, relatively small,
and one opposite Wliitehouse. With the exception of the Cucaracha
slide, these could probably be removed in the dry by January 1,
1914, but the removal of Cucaracha slide in the dry would require
70 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
until April, 1914. The material can not be handled expeditiously
b}^ steam shovels during the wet season, but lends itself to economical
removal hj hydraulic dredges. Except at Cucaracha, the existing
channel by the slides is to full depth and of a width of at least 200
feet at the bottom. Assuming that all the slides were removed by
steam shovels in the dry, the water in the lake could not be raised
above elevation 00 and still be kept out of the Cut by the dike at Gam-
boa, so that after the advent of the dry season it would not be pos-
sible, under normal conditions, to secure full lake level until October
or November, 1914. The material in all the slides can be handled
advantageously by the dredging fleet augmented as it will be later
by the two 15-yard dipper dredges under contract. They will operate
against banks in every case and will not be excavating for the full
depth of 45 feet. The sea level sections by the time the dredges can
be moved into the Cut will be in condition for the passage of ships
of the heaviest draft.
It has been the general belief that the effect of the water in the
Cut would tend to retard slides and the experience below the Gatun
locks in the sustaining power of water against slides fulh^ justifies
this belief; on the other hand, the geologist is of the opinion that
the water may to some extent develop new slides. Again, much
ado was made in 1909 over the seamy character of rock on the
Isthmus, through which water flows quite rapidly, in consequence of
which the question was raised that the lake might leak out through
seams and crevices. If these things are liable to occur, the sooner
the better, if the official opening of the canal is to occur January 1,
1915; for if water were not admitted this fall but were deferred until
May 1, 1914, the full height could not be reached until October, 1914,
leaving little time for the determination of these questions. These
considerations led to the conclusion that the water should be turned
into the Cut at the earliest date practicable for getting the dredges
to work on the slides. Dredges can be passed through into the Cut
as soon as the lock gates of one flight are completed, and this is
reasonably certain to be the case by October 1. With the average
rainfall, the lake should reach elevation approximately 70 by Oc-
tober 10, and a greater height of water against the dike which ex-
cludes the lake from the Cut at present would not be safe. The
present plans, therefore, are based upon the blowing up of Gamboa
Dike on October 10, its removal by dredges immediately thereafter,
the transfer of two suction dredges and the ladder dredge Corozal to
the Cucaracha slide, the smaller dipper dredges to work on the other
slides until the full width of the channel is attained, and the passage
of vessels through the canal as soon as channels of full depth and of
sufficient width have been secured.
REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER. 71
An erroneous impression has been caused by the announcement
that the water will be turned into the Cut October 10, as it seems to
have been assumed that the canal will be practically finished on that
date. Before boats can be passed it will be necessary to remove the
Gamboa dike by dredges and to remove the slides as already out-
lined. The passage of commercial vessels is dependent, therefore,
upon the time when proper channels can be dredged through the
slides; should additional ones occur, they will necessarily advance
the date when this will be accomplished.
The following appendixes are herewith:
Report of the geologist, Appendix S.
Increase in salaries and increase in numbers of employees, submitted in com-
pliance with law, Appendix T.
Laws affecting the canal recently enacted, and executive orders issued during
the fiscal year, Appendix U.
The organization in effect July 1, 1913, Appendix V.
Respectfully submitted.
Geo. W. Goethals,
Colonel, Corps of Engineers, United States Army,
Chairman and Chief Engineer.
The Hon. Lindley M. Garrison,
Secretary of War, Washington, D, C.
APPENDIX A.
REPORT OF COL. H. F. HODGES, CORPS OF ENGINEERS, UNITED
STATES ARMY, MEMBER OF ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION,
ASSISTANT CHIEF ENGINEER, IN CHARGE OF THE FIRST DI-
VISION OF THE OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ENGINEER.
Isthmian Canai. Commission,
Office of the Chief Engineer, First Division,
Cidebra, Cannl Zone, July 22, 1913.
Sir : I have the honor to make the following report of operations
during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, of the first division of the
office of the chief engineer:
The division is charged with the design of locks, dams, regulating
works, and accessories; with the design and construction of aids to
navigation ; with the erection of the operating machinery at the locks
and spillways; and of the power transmission line. In addition, it is
responsible for the inspection of the manufacture and for the erection,
under contract or otherwise, of certain of the stmctures and machines
designed in its different subdivisions.
During the fiscal year the division has been organized in subdi-
visions in charge of designs and work as follows: {a) Design of ma-
sonry and lock structures, including spillways and valves; (b) design
of lock gates and protective devices, including the inspection of con-
struction and of erection under contract; {c) design of operating
machinei-y and electrical installation, including inspection and erec-
tion; {d) design of movable dams, including inspection of construc-
tion and of erection under contract; and {e) design and construction
of aids to navigation. On June 30, 1913, the subdivision having
charge of the masonry and lock structures was discontinued, its work
having been completed.
A chart of the approved organization is herewith (plate No. 126.)
Masonry and Lock Structures.
This subdivision has been under charge of Mr. L. D. Cornish, de-
signing engineer, assisted by Mr. T. E. L. Lipsey, assistant engineer,
and the necessary draftsmen, and for part of the time by Messrs.
L. B. Fay and F. J. Severy, assistant engineers.
LOCKS.
At the end of the fiscal year 1912 the general designs for all the
locks, including both upper and lower approach and wing walls at
Gatun. Pedro Miguel, and Miraflores. also practically all the detailed
plans for all the locks, including decking drawings showing details of
73
74 KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
construction over rising stem gate valve machinery chambers, miter
gate moving machinery chambers, intake valve machinery chambers,
and other miscellaneous deckings had been adopted, approved, and
issued. Practically all detailed drawings needed by the working
force in the field had been made and issued from time to time.
During the fiscal year 1913 the following designs were finished:
Track supports on the low^er middle approach walls and upper and
lower wing walls at Pedro Miguel and Miraflores ; reenforced con-
crete piles under the above tracks, new north wing wall at Miraflores
spillway; fenders for protection at upper and lower ends of middle
approach walls at all locks; railings for upper approach and lower
wing walls at Gatun and Miraflores spillways ; doors for entrances to
operating tunnels from top of lock walls; parapet walls around stair
walls to operating tunnels ; and miscellaneous designing for other sub-
divisions. The last item includes, among important features, certain
work done for the second division of your office on the coaling plants
at the canal terminals.
VALVES AND FIXED IRONS.
Design and contract. — At the end of the fiscal year 1912 the designs
for the lock valves, fixed irons, and accessories had been completed
and approved.
During the fiscal year 1913 the erection of this ironwork has been
under the supervision of this subdivision.
At the instance of the second division of your office, designs were
prepared for the valves of the dry dock at Balboa.
Installation. — At the end of the fiscal year 1912, 14 chambers (12
at Gatun and 2 at Pedro Miguel) had been prepared for the installa-
tion of valves, and 12 valves, including trains and sealing devices,
had been placed in position in the locks at Gatim. Six bulkhead
gates in side-wall intakes and six bulkhead gates in center-wall
intakes had been placed at Gatun. Three rising-stem gate valvCvS and
one cylindrical valve had been placed in the spillway at Gatun. All
cylindrical valves had been placed in the locks.
During the fiscal year 1913, 102 rising-stem valve chambers (50
at Gatun, 28 at Pedro Miguel, and 24 at Miraflores) were prepared,
and 104 valves, including trains and sealing devices (48 at Gatun,
28 at Pedro Miguel, and 28 at Miraflores), were placed in position
in locks. Six side-wall intake screens were placed at Gatun, four
center-wall screens have been placed; the bulkheads to center-wall
intakes have been removed, and the same have been placed in the
outlet ; the four lower side-wall bulkhead gates have been placed, all
at Gatun.
FIXED IRONS FOR SPILLWAYS, SPILLWAY GATES, CAISSONS, FOOTBRIDGES,
AND RAILINGS.
Design and contract. — At the end of the fiscal year 1912 the designs
had been practically completed, and contracts had been let for this
material.
During the fiscal year 1913 designs were made for additional rail-
ings for the spillways, and the erection of the ironwork has been
under the supervision of this subdivision.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING FIRST DIVISION. 75
Erection and installation. — At the end of the fiscal year 1912 the
work of erection had not been begun. During the fiscal year 1913
the entire number of 14 gates and 1 caisson for Gatun and 8 gates
and 1 caisson for Miraflores have been erected complete and contract
closed. The gates at Gatun have also been installed in position on
the dam. The erection of the draft tubes for the hydroelectric station
at Gatun has been completed, the inspection of the work having
been under the supervision of this subdivision.
DRAWINGS.
During the fiscal year 1911, 133 drawings were made, approved,
and issued, covering the features hereinbefore mentioned. During
the fiscal year 1912, 181 drawings were made, approved, and issued,
and 10 new spillway drawings were made and issued; a drawing of
Pedro Miguel Lock was made for the Post Office Department, and
work was begun on final drawing of Pedro Miguel Lock for record.
During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, about 87 drawings were
made, approved, and issued. A drawing of Gatun Dam and Culebra
Gut were made for the Post Office Department. Work on the final
drawing of Pedro Miguel Lock was continued and is now about 75
per cent completed. Work on final drawing of Gatun Lock was
begun, but very little was done.
Summari/ of d rawing a.
Spillway masonry plans 91
Spillway caissons, footbridges, railings, etc 20
Spillway gates, fixed irons, etc : 7
Valves, fixed irons, and miscellaneons ironwork 79
Locks and details 305
Sketches 4
Total 506
A number of sketches and designs for coaling docks at Balboa and
Cristobal, permanent shops at Balboa, terminal docks at Cristobal,
and valves for dry docks w^ere made, also about 14 drawings covering
valves.
CONTRACTS.
During the fiscal year 1913, tjlie following contracts have been com-
pleted :
Dated September 11, 1911, with the McClintic-Marshall Construc-
tion Co., of Pittsburgh, Pa., for 22 spillway gates, 2 steel caissons,
and material for 22 footbridges, 132 rising-stem gate valves (2
spares), 12 guard-gate valves, 6 lateral culvert valves, 12 bulkhead
gates to middle wall culverts, 27 bulkhead headgates at intakes, and
36 screens at intakes. Total contract price. $342,681.88,
Dated September 2, 1911, with the Excelsior Tool & Machine Co.,
of East St. Louis, 111., for 515 tons of fixed irons for spillways at
Gatun and Miraflores. Total contract price, $25,724.12.
76 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Dated September 11, 1911, with the Westinghoiise Machine Co., of
Pittsburgh, Pa., for 264 roller trains (4 spares), 292 sealing devices
(32 spares) for rising-stem gate valves in all locks, 46 roller trains
(2 spares), 52 sealing devices (8 spares), rocker bearings and tracks
for spillways at Gatun and Miraflores. Total contract price,
$177,147.58.
Dated August 21, 1911, with the Vulcan Rail & Construction Co.,
of Brooklyn, N. Y., for material required for 22 sets of railings for
Gatun ancl Miraflores spillways. Total contract price, $5,665.
Dated December 26, 1911, 'with the United States Steel Products
Co., of 30 Church Street, New York, N. Y., for material for four
intake bridges at upper end of Pedro Miguel and Miraflores Locks
and structural material for deckings over rising stem gate valve
machinery chambers and miter gate moving machinery chambers of
all locks. Total cost, estimated, $21,414.97.
Dated November 23, 1911, with the Standard Foundry Co., of 743
Hartel Avenue, Buffalo, N. Y., for snubbing posts and washers for
all locks. Total contract price, $5,518.09.
Dated November 23, 1911, with the American Car & Foundry Co.,
of 165 Broadway, New York, N. Y., for bolts, links, anchor rods, etc.,
for buffers on all lock walls. Total contract price, $6,257.02.
Dated December 21, 1911, with the Railway Spring & Steel Co., of
New York City, N. Y., for 25,608 helical springs for spring buffers on
approach walls of locks. Total contract price, $13,572.24.
Dated November 11, 1911, with J. B. Kendall Co., of Washington.
D. C, for cold-twisted square steel bars for reenforcing deckings over
miter gate moving machinery and rising stem gate valve machinery
chambers for all locks Total contract price, $1,059.35.
Dated January 5, 1912, with the United States Steel Products Co.,
of 30 Church Street, New York, N. Y., for triangular mesh slab reen-
forcement for deckings over rising stem gate valve and miter gate
moving machinery chambers for all locks. Total contract price,
$891.44.
Dated December 13, 1912, with the Carbolineum Wood Preserving
Co., of New York, for carbolineum for treating the buffer timbers
on all approach walls of locks. Total contract price, $3,090.
Dated November 14, 1912, with W. R. Grace & Co., of New York,
N. Y., for timbers for buffers on all the approach walls of locks.
Total contract price, $18,910.
During the fiscal year 1913 the following contracts were let and are
still pending:
Dated May 21, 1913, with Oliver Iron & Steel Co., of Pittsburgh,
Pa., for drift bolts for protection cribs at the ends of middle approach
walls of all locks. Total contract price, $3,660.91.
Dated May 19, 1913, with W. R. Grace & Co., of New York, for
timber for protection cribs at ends of middle approach walls to all
locks. Total contract price, $41,456.79.
Dated April 26, 1913, with Vulcan Rail & Construction Co., of
Brooklyn, N. Y., for railings for spillway dams at Gatun and Mira-
flores. Total contract price, $3,312.
Dated Mav 23, 1913, with Mesker Bros. Iron Co., of St. Louis. Mo.,
for 99 steel" galvanized doors for entrances to operating tunnels of
all locks. Total contract price, $4,398.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING FIRST DIVISION. 77
CASTINGS MADE ON ISTHMUS.
In addition to the ironwork made in the United States, the com-
mission's foundry has made or fabricated, in accordance with designs
of this subdivision, amounts or weights as follows: Material fur-
nished during fiscal year 1910-11, about 954 tons; material furnished
during fiscal year 1911-12, about 4,407 tons; material furnished dur-
ing fiscal year 1912-13, about 39 tons. Total tonnage to date, ap-
proximately, 5,400 tons.
TESTS.
Tests of discharge were made on the cylindrical valve and the three
rising stem gate valves in the spillway. The first series of observa-
tions, with heads varying from 8.94 to 29 feet above the center of
the valve, gave values of the coefficient of discharge^ for the cylin-
drical valve of 0.445 as the mean of three observations, and for the
gate valves of 0.592 as the mean of six observations. The observa-
tions were complicated by the presence of screens in the culvert
entrances, which gave free discharge when clear, but became clogged
with drift and debris after being exposed to a continuous flow for
some time. After this clogging the discharge decreased considerably.
Later observations, made after the screens had been removed from
the culvert entrances, gave a considerably increased coefficient of dis-
charge for the rising stem valves. The average of the second series
of 58 observations, with average head of 29.81 feet above the middle
point of the valve, gave a Aalue of coefficient of 0.G80. This figure is
undoubtedly reliable for the valves under the conditions in which they
were operated in the spilhvay. It is probable that a somewhat less
favorable value will be obtained in operating the lock culverts, on
account of the friction and changes of direction in the stream after it
passes the valve. The cylindrical valve was removed before the later
and more reliable observations were recorded.
Upon discontinuance of this subdivision at the close of the fiscal
year the unfinished part of its work, which is of minor importance,
was divided among other subdivisions of the office.
Lock Gates and Pkotective Devices,
This subdivision has been under the immediate charge of Mr.
Henry Goldmark, designing engineer, assisted in the office by Mr.
Lewis A. Mason, assistant engineer, and the necessary draftsmen and
clerk. The force organized for inspection of lock gates in the
United States was under the immediate charge of Mr. Johannes
Hammer, assistant engineer. The inspection of the chain fenders in
the LTnited States, was carried on by Mr. Jacob Soderberg, assistant
engineer, until March 1, 1913, when it was turned over to Mr. Ham-
mer. Mr. Frank Price assisted Mr. Hammer as chief inspector.
On the Isthmus, Mr. George F. Guynn was the chief inspector for
the erection of the lock gates, with Messrs. B. B. Dumville, C. H.
Matthews, and William Howe as principal assistants, and Mr. E, H.
Baughman was chief inspector on the chain fenders.
1 c in formula Q=A c V 2 g h
78 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
LOCK GATES.
The construction and erection of the lock gates was continued dur-
ing the fiscal year under the contract with the McClintic-Marshall
Construction Co., dated June 21, 1910. All shop draAvings had been
completed previously, so that the office work in connection with the
lock gates was confined to the preparation of some minor plans.
By the beginning of the fiscal year all the steel plates and shapes
had been rolled, and 39,000 tons of structural steel parts, equivalent
to 76 per cent of the total, had been fabricated at the contractors'
works and shipped to the Isthmus, besides the necessary castings and
minor parts.
During the present year the manufacture of all material for the
gates (aggregating 57,500 tons) was completed, the final shipment
being made in April.
In addition to this, about 2,100 tons of structural work for the
spare parts were built and delivered on the Isthmus, completing this
part of the contract with the exception of a few castings, bolts, and
rivets.
The spare parts comprise sufficient material for partly or com-
pletely rebuilding any two gate leaves on the canal in case of acci-
dental injury.
The work of erecting the lock gates proper began at Gatun May 17,
1911, and at Pedro Miguel August 7, 1911. The first work was done
at Miraflores on September 10, 1912.
At the beginning of the fiscal year work was in progress on 23
gates, or exactly half the total number in all locks, but none of them
had been entirely completed. The only gates stepped on their pintles
and attached to the anchorages were the upper guard gates at Gatun,
and even on these two gates much important work remained to be
done. The total amount of steel assembled was only 19,361 tons, or
about 34 per cent of the total, and much of this was only partly
reamed and riveted. The total number of field rivets driven was
about 963,000 out of over 5,700,000, or only 18 per cent of the total.
As the contract called for the completion by June 1, 1912, of no
less than 24 gates out of a total of 46, the work had clearly fallen far
behind the program, and a decided increase in the rate of progress
was manifestly necessary. Realizing this the contractors decided
upon a change in their local management, and beginning about Sep-
tember 1 installed much additional machinery, largely increased the
force employed, and arranged for its more efficienti supervision.
Within a few months the improvements in the organization became
manifest, a high degree of efficiency being reached with a corre-
spondingly large increase in the work done.
The gradual increase in the output from month to month may be
followed on the diagrams given on drawing 5090, attached to this
report (plate No. 78), which show in detail, from the beginning of
the contract to the end of the present fiscal year, the rate of prog-
ress made in the manufacture of material in the United States, as
well as in the field erection.
The number of white mechanics and colored laborers reached a
total of over 4,600. As many as 165 rivet gangs were employed at
one time, and the number of field rivets driven in one month reached
CONSTEUCTION AND ENGINEERING FIRST DIVISION. 79
a maximum of 660,000 during March, compared with 213,000, the
hio-hest number driven in any month prior to September 1, 1J12.
The riveters were nearly all West Indian negi-oes, trained by white
foremen on the lock gates.
By June 30, 1913. over 97 per cent of all material was assembled
in the ^ates. Of the finishing, i. e., the work which remains to be
done on each leaf after the riveting is completed, about 57 per cent
had been accomplished at the end of the fiscal year , , ,
All the leaves in the west chambers at Gatun and the east chamber
at Pedro MigTiel had been stepped on their pintles, and all the leaves
in the west chamber at Miraflores, excepting the two leaves ot the
operating gate in the lower chamber. As the guard gates m both
chambers of all the locks were also in place, the work which remained
to be done, in order to permit the locking of vessels through all the
locks, consisted mainly of the adjusting of the bearing plates, the
testing for water-tightness, the painting, and the attaching ot various
minor parts. ,, , _ ^ i ,^
At the end of the fiscal year all the guard gates were complete,
except those at the lower end of Miraflores Locks. The guard gates
at Gatun had been permanently closed. on inio
Those at the upper end were put in service about July 20, ULZ,
although the depth of water at the sill has never exceeded 19 teet.
The lower guard gates were closed about June 11, 1913, and sustain
the maximum working head, about 40 feet, without appreciable
The original lock gate contract provides for the payment of 50
per cent of the contract price on all fabricated material ready for
shipment at the contractors' works. A further 45 per cent becomes
due on each pair of leaves when their erection is practically com-
plete, while the final 5 per cent is withheld until all gates in a lock
are entirely finished.
These provisions proved to be very onerous to the contractors,
and it seemed clear that a more speedy completion of the gates would
be ensured by relaxing these provisions where found unnecessarily
severe. In consideration of certain concessions by the contractors,
a supplementary agreement was signed January 14, 1913, which pro-
vides for successive partial payments on each gate, when the assem-
bling, riveting, finishing, and painting of the same have been ac-
ceptably completed.
A further supplementary agreement, modifying some ot the pro-
visions of the lock-gate contract, was signed May 20, 1913. By its
terms the contractors were given an extension of time for completing
the 2rates
The principal reason for granting this concession was the fact
that a number of delays had occurred, for which, according to the
terms of the contract, the contractors could not be held responsible.
These delays were due in part to shipwrecks and strikes, in part to
other unavoidable causes.
In the new agreement the commission received some minor con-
cessions from the contractors in connection with the lock gate and
other contracts, the rate under which the liquidated damages are
to be computed was increased, while, on the other hand, new and
later dates were fixed for the completion of the several gates.
80
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
These dates as now fixed are June 1, 1913, for the upper guard
gates at Pedro Miguel, and June 15 for the guard gates at the lower
approaches to Gatun and Pedro Miguel and the upper approach
to Miraflores Locks. The lower guard gates at Miraflores are to be
finished by September 1, 1913. All other gates necessary to permit
the lockage of vessels through one side of each flight from ocean to
ocean must be completed not later than October 1, 1913, while the
date of final completion for all remaining gates is fixed at January
1, 1914, for Gatun and Pedro Miguel and March 1, 1914, for Mira-
flores.
The total weight of all the gates on the canal and also the weights
of the different leaves are shown in the table given below.
This gives for each leaf the weight of metal as stated in Circular
No. 576, inviting proposals, and the corresponding weights calcu-
lated from the shop drawings as well as the average scale weight of
the leaves as built.
The total tonnage shipped is 57,552, as compared with 56,612 tons,
computed from the general plans that accompanied the specifications,
and 57,212 tons, calculated from the shop drawings.
The weight in tons of 2,000 pounds of a leaf of any given height
may be quite closely expressed by the following formula :
W=10H-87.
in which H equals the height in feet of the leaf from the top of the
coping on the lock wall to the top of the sill.
Weights of mitcring lock gates.
[Exclusive of fixed parts.]
Height of
leaves, top of
coping to sill.
Weight, in tons, of all metal, exclusive of fixed
parts.
Total
weight
from
contract
draw-
iiigs,
I. c. c.
Circular
576.
Total
weight
from
shop
draw-
ings.
Num-
ber
of
leaves.
Esti-
mates
from con-
tract
draw-
ings.
I.e. c.
Circular
576.
Weight
per leaf.
Varia-
tion
from
ship-
ping
weight.
Esti-
mate
from
shop-
drawings.
Weight
per leaf.
V'lria-
tion
from
shipping.
Weight.
Actual
ship-
ping
weights
per
leaf.
Total
shipping
weights.
8
4
8
4
40
8
47 feet 4
inches lower
guard gates. .
47 feet 4
inches upper
guard gates..
54 feet 8
inches
66 feet 0
inches lower
guard gates..
77 feet
7 7 feet 10
inches
382
375
444
559
671
Per cent.
2.8
2.9
3.1
0.7
1.3
389
382
452
504
676
682
704
735
Per cent.
1.0
1.0
1.3
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.8
0.3
393
386
458
56.'^
680
682
710
733
Tons.
3,056
1,500
3,552
2,236
26,840
5,392
11,120
2,916
Tons.
3,112
1,528
3,616
2,256
27,040
5,456
11,2(>4
2,940
Tons.
3, 144
1,544
3,664
2,2.52
27,200
5, 456
16
4
79 feet
82 feet
695
729
2.1
0.5
11,360
2,932
92
56,612
57,212 57.. W2
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING FIRST DIVISION.
81
The weights in the above table include all metallic parts that swing
with the leaf, except the pump, float and float switch, motors, and
conduits and other electrical apparatus, the casting for attaching the
operating strut, and the miter- forcing machine. The concrete in the
footwalks, the coke and cement filling on the bottom girder, and the
timber fenders and sill pieces are also omitted.
The weights of these additional parts aggregate 27 tons per leaf
for those leaves of the lower-guard gates which carry the miter- forc-
ing machines themselves, and 24 tons for the companion leaves in
those gates. The corresponding weights for all other gates are 20.5
and 18 tons.
The fixed parts, i. e., the castings and structural parts to be em-
bedded in the masonry, were, in part, furnished under the contract
for the lock gates, but were mainly furnished under an earlier con-
tract (Circular 513) and erected by the commission in connection
with the concrete construction.
Their weights are given in the table below, which show that these
parts for all the gates weigh about 15 per cent as much as the metal
work in the gates themselves.
The weight of the fixed parts in tons may be expressed by the fol-
lowing equation :
W=.T21H+39.4;
H being, as before, the height in feet of the gate from coping to sill.
Weight of fixed irons emhedded in concrete for mitering lock, gates.
Weight per leaf, in tons.
Total
number
of
leaves.
Height of leaves, coping to sill.
Sill
reinforce-
ment.
Parts
support-
ing gate.
Anchor-
age and
yoke.
ReactioQ
castings
in hol-
low
quoin.
Total
per
leaf.
Total
weight
(tons).
47 feet 4 inches
21.2
21.2
21.2
21.2
21.2
21.2
21.2
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
23.4
23.4
23.4
23.4
23.4
23.4
23.4
21.3
25.8
34.3
42.2
42.7
44.1
46.3
73.5
78.0
86.5
94.4
94.9
96.3
98.5
12
8
4
40
8
16
4
882. 0
m fp.pt. J^inchpt;
624.0
66 feet
346.0
77 feet
3, 776. 0
77 feet 10 inches
759.2
79 feet
1,540 8
82 feet
394.0
92
8,322.0
CHAIN FENDERS.
A somewhat detailed account of the studies made to determine
the most desirable type of chain fender, with a description of the
design selected for the construction of a trial unit, was given in the
annual report for 1911.
This design was for a fender of the hydraulic type, consisting
essentially of ar heavy chain made from iron 3 inches in diameter,
and the necessary machineiy for raising and lowering it. The chain
is normally stretched across the lock chamber at about high-water
level and arranged to pay out under a constant stress when struck
by a vessel, so as to bring the same to rest gradually.
11834°— 13 6
82 KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
The machinery for raising the chain and for lowering it to the
lock floor to permit the passage of vessels consists of a system of
sheaves and hydraulic C3dinders, with the necessary piping and aux-
iliaries. It is operated by an electrically driven centrifugal pump.
The resistance to the pajdng out of the chain is produced by re-
sistance valves, wdiich are designed to maintain a constant prede-
termined pressure in the upper cylinder, so that the strain on the
chain may never exceed the desired maximum.
A contract was let to the United Engineering & Foundry Co.,
of Pittsburgh, Pa., in accordance with their bid submitted November
4, 1911, for the construction of the principal parts of a sample
fender. Under this contract the commission reserved the right to
order the material for the other 23 fenders required at prices named
in the bid.
The pumps and the electrical equipment were ordered of the
General Electric Co., while the heavy steel anchor frames embedded
in the masonry and the suction tanks were built by the commission
at its own shops. The United States navy yard at Boston furnished
the chain.
All material for the trial fender was delivered on the Isthmus by
December, 1012 ; the erection was begun about January 1 and prac-
tically completed by March 1, 1913.
During March and April a number of tests were made with this
fender. These experiments, which were made by the testing depart-
ment of the electrical and mechanical subdivision, included two dis-
tinct kinds of tests.
In the first series the chain was raised and lowered, as it would be
in actual practice, by operating the centrifugal pumps by means of
the motors connected to them. The general operation of the machine,
including the action of the moving cylinders, the girders, and the
passing of the chain over the sheaves, was satisfactory from the
beginning. The pumps and their motors proved of ample capacity
for raising and lowering the chain in about one minute, the time
originally specified. The mechanism for starting and stopping the
travel of the moving cylinder, at the beginning and end of the stroke,
also fulfilled its requirements perfectly.
A slight difficulty was experienced in the earlier tests from the
leakage of air into the piping, which interfered somewhat with the
proper operation of the pumps. This trouble was easily remedied by
raising the suction tank so that practically all parts of the piping
are always under at least a small hydrostatic head. A further im-
provement adopted consists in the addition of a by-pass controlled
by a gate valve to that part of the piping which connects the bottom
of the cylinder with the pump. A tee had been provided in the
original plans to permit this addition. As now arranged, the main
pipe is fitted with a check valve, which opens wide when the cylinder
is being raised, while the valve in the by-pass is pennanently set with
a very small opening, which insures a slow motion on the down stroke
and obviates the danger of producing a vacuum in the upper cylinder
or the piping.
After these changes had been made the operation of the fender
machinery was entirely satisfactory as far as raising and lowering the
chain is concerned. The pressure in the upper and the lower cylin-
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING FIRST DIVISION. 83
ders was recorded by indicators at all parts of the stroke, both when
raising and lowerino^ the chain.
The fact should also be mentioned that the chain, when being low-
ered, dropped very uniformly from both lock walls, and, apparently,
in its final position, rested at the bottom for the full w^dth of the lock
chamber with its vertical part entirely within the chases in the walls.
The object of the second series of experiments was to test the opera-
tion of the fender under conditions similar to those that will prevail
when the chain is struck by a moving vessel.
As may be seen by reference to the plans (see drawing No. 5224B,
plate Xo. 79), the chain at such times will gradually pay out, touch-
ing the curved surface of the hawse-pipe castings in the walls over a
constantly increasing arc of contact.
The movement of the chain will be resisted in part by its friction
along the hawse pipes, in part by the internal friction of the ma-
chinery, but mainly by the hydrostatic pressure which acts against
the upper surface of the moving cylinder. The function of the
resistance valves is to maintain the last-named pressure at a constant
magnitude. The vah^e selected is made by the Koss Valve Manu-
facturing Co., of Troy, N. Y. The tests made of the resistance
valves and the assembled mechanism are described as follows by De-
signing Engineer Goldmark :
An extended series of comparative tests was made in the United States during
May, 1912, on three valves of different types especially designed for service in
these fenders.
Through the courtesy of the Prudential Life Insurance Co. these experiments
were made at its power plant at Newark, N. J. While they were undertaken
merely as a preliminary to the tests to be made with the completed fenders,
they proved of great value in giving greater assurance that this type of fender
could be counted upon to operate successfully in practice.
An 8-inch pipe was connected to the resistance valve on the high-pressure
side and fitted with a quick-opening valve for regulating the amount of flow,
while the discharge pipe below the resistance valve leads to a 12-inch Yenturi
meter for measuring the rate of flow.
Water under pressure was supplied by three high-pressure pumps and regu-
lated by three accumulators, the pressure at the accumulators being about 750
pounds per squ;ive inch, while the discharge varied from 0 to as much as 3,400
gallons per minute.
By means of three gas-engine indicators, the drums of which were arranged
so as to be revolved imiformly by a small electric motor, the pressures above the
valve, above the Yenturi, and at its throat were continuously recorded.
From the cards taken on the high-pressure side of the valve the exact pres-
sure that prevailed at that point throughout the stroke of the cylinder can be
studied, while the pressures at the Yenturi enabled the rate of flow to be accu-
rately determined.
Of the three valves tested two were obtained from commercial sources and
one was made after a design prepared in this office. The first two gave very
satisfactory results, even for discharges of over 3.000 gallons per minute. The
high pressure curves obtained in the numerous tests were quite free from
irregularities and surges, the pressures being comparatively constant through-
out the whole period of discharge. The pressures recorded for rates of flow
exceeding l.S(K> gallons per minute were, however, fi'om 10<.) to 150 pounds
per square inch lower than those obtained when the discharge was less. This
drop was. without much doubt, due to the greater friction in the pipe line
between the accumulators and the valve, when the flow was increased.
The third valve, which was of the piston type, gave equally good results for
rates of discharge up to 750 gallons per minute, but was not satisfactory in its
operation for higher flows, which caused objectionable oscillations in the valve.
The shortness of the time during which the high pressure was maintained was
due to the limited accumulator capacity. The first one of the valves tested is
84 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
practically a reducing valve of the spring type. It has a disk 44 inches in
diameter, with a conical seat which is attached to a stem that extend;? upwai-d
through the valve cover. Its lifting is resisted by an outside spring connected
to the stem by a system of levers. The spring pressure, which is about double
the total pressure on the disk, is adjusted by turning the nuts on three rods
connected to the top yoke which holds down the spring.
The second valve tested is more complex. The main valve has a disk 5ii}
inches in diameter, a lower piston 6 inches in diameter, and an upper plunger
2 inches in diameter, all rigidily connected. The valve is almost comiilotely
balanced, but there is a slight excess in area on the high-jn-essin-e side, so that
it remains closed except v/hen pressure is admitted to the lovrer chamber b.v
an auxiliary valve. The movement of the main valve depeiids on a rate of
flow through the auxiliary valve into the lower chamber below the main valve,
and the rate of discharge from this chamber through the needle valve. The
spring in this valve is much smaller than in the first valve and is readily ad-
justed by a hand wheel. All the forces acting in the valve are decidedly
smaller.
As noted above, both valves gave excellent I'esults in the preliminary tests.
Only the first two types were selected, for working test in chain fender room.
One valve of each type was installed in both machinery chambers, Nos. 812
and 813, each valve being inserted on an independent pipe leading from the
top of the upper cylinder to the suction tank. During the tests one of the
valves was used at a time, the other being shut off entirely by gate valves.
The tests were made in room 813 on the middle wall.
For the tests a Lidgerwood uuloader, consisting essentially of a 60-ton wind-
ing engine mounted on a flat car, was placed on the opposite lock wall about
600 feet downstream from the chain fender machines. The uuloader was made
fast by cable anchorages in the nearby back fill and masonry, and was supplied
with steam from a locomotive on the track in the rear of the uuloader. The
chain of the machine under test was then disconnected from the stud link chain
composing the span across the lock and connected to the inch and a half steel
rope on the winding drum of the unloader. The required tension in the chain
of the machine under test was then produced by winding in on the uuloader.
thus causing the plunger of the fender machine to rise against the pressure in
the upi>er cylinder. This pressure was controlled by the resistance valve. For
the first set of tests the cable from the unloader made a direct line to the
hawespipe of the machine. In these tests the chain was pulled out of the
hawespipe at an angle of about 12^° to the axis of the lock.
The cylinder pressures were recorded by the indicators which had been used
in the preliminai-y tests in the United States, the valves being set, by trial, for
gradually increasing pressures.
In this first set of tests the chain was in contact with the hawsepipe, and
the pressure curves throughout showed small periodic fluctuations, due to the
successive links passing across the hawsepipe.
A number of runs were made with both valves at pressures varying from
170 pounds to 350 pounds per square inch. The power of the unloader was
apparently insufficient to overcome the hydraulic resistance and the hawsepipe
frictions when the pressure at the valve exceeded 350 pounds.
After the valves were satisfactorily adjusted the pi-essure curves for both
valves were very uniform, with practically constant pressures throughout the
stroke, except for the small oscillations due to chain friction. The plunger
speed varied from 6 to 25 feet per minute (equivalent to flows of 350 to 1,470
gallons per minute), being limited by the capacity of the unloader; the low
speeds correspond to the highest pressures.
In the second set of tests a snatch block was placed at the opposite wall, so
that the chain entered the hawsepipe at an angle practically normal to the face
of the wall, eliminating the hawsepipe friction and permitting higher pressures
to be reached.
Four runs had been made with this arrangement when the cable parted. The
pressures ranged from 310 to 370 pounds per square inch. The cards showed
perfectly constant and steady pressures, without any of the small A-ariations
due to hawsepipe friction.
For the third set of tests the line was reeved around a three-ply system of
sheaves, making the pull again practically normal to the lock wall.' A series
of runs was then made, using the valves alternately with pressures running
up to about 550 pounds per square inch, at the plunger speeds as high as 8.4
feet per minute.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGlNEERlNcl — EIRST DIVISION. 85
In the final test made the maximum pressure reached 630 pounds per square
Inch when the chain parted near or on one of the lower sheaves. This pressure
corresponded to a stress on the chain of less than one-half the hreakui^' strengtn
obtained in the shop tests. The pressure curves obtained in this last set of
tests were also entirely satisfactory. k,. ^, ,
The conditions, when the fender is used in stoppuig a vessel, will undoubtedly
vary considerably from those prevailing in the tests. _
The results obtained are thought, however, to offer good ground for believing
that in actual practice the chain can be counted upon to pay off under a fairly
uniform stress, so that by setting the valves to a suitable pressure, a ves^sel,
unless it is a veiy great size or moving at excessive speed, may be checked or
stopped without breaking the chain.
In order to determine the most suitable pressure for setting the valves, it is
proposed to make an additional set of tests for determining the hawsepipe
friction. In these experiments the total pull in the cable near the unloader is
to be measured by means of a hj^draulic dynamometer, the pressures in which
will be recorded on indicator cards. From these cards and those taken at the
upper cylinder of the fender machine, the proportion of the total pull absoroea
by friction is to be computed. u -^^
Both valves tested gave very good results in the tests, making the choice
between them difficult. It is believed, however, that there are certain ad-
vantages in the type in which the pressure is regulated by an auxiliary valve,
which make it more desirable for use in the chain fenders. The spring is
much smaller, making it easier of adjustment and probably less likely to breajc
under strain, while the main valve, not being under heavy stress, can be moved
up and down by hand at any time, ensuring it against sticking fasr. Finally,
the inlet to the auxiliary valve can be connected directly with the cylmdei,
thus measuring the pressure at that point instead of in the piping just above
The tests indicated that there will be a decided drop in pressure between the
cylinder and the resistance valve. Its magnitude is, however, uncertain and
will vary with the rate of flow. The advantage is apparent of being able to
set the valves for a definite pressure in the cylinder itself. For the above
reasons the type of valve permitting this adjustment was selected for use m
the fenders. .,„-, ,,i i •• „j
As the experiments with the trial fender, both when raising and
lowering the chain and when paying off under strain, seemed entirely
satisfactory, a contract was entered into with the United Engineer-
ing & Foundry Co. for the machinery parts for the remaining 23
units and the pumps ; the electrical and other subsidiary equipment
were also ordered.
In the lower approach to Miraflores locks, the great tidal range
made a modified design necessary, which is shown on drawing 5351
(plate No. 80) . In this plan the same system of cylinders is used as m
the other fenders, and the pumps, piping, electric equipment, etc., are
also practically the same. The chain is stretched across the lock
for stopping vessels at either of two different levels according to the
stage of the tide. The chain itself is endless, and there are two
separate haw-sepipes, idlers, and recesses in the walls and floor. By
a simple chain-stop mechanism, which may be operated electrically
from the central control house, the part of the chain that passes
through either ha^vsepipe may be connected with the operating ma-
chinery and raised and lowered, the part which passes through the
other hawespipe remaining at rest, with its central portion lying
across the bottom of the lock.
LOCK ENTRANCE CAISSONS.
The plans and specifications for floating caissons, referred to in
previous annual reports, were completed during the fiscal year, and
an invitation for proposals (Circular 779) was issued on May 21,
1913. Bids under this circular are to be opened July 21, 1913.
86 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
These two caissons, which are identical in design, will be used for
closing the upper and lower entrances to the lock chambers when
unwatering them, and will also contain a pumping plant of large
capacity for pumping out the locks.
They are ship caissons, with curved surfaces throughout and verti-
cal ends. Their extreme length is 113 feet 10 inches, the molded
breadth 36 feet, the breadth of the top deck 18 feet, and the depth
at the side 65 feet.
Transverse stability will be insured by the use of some 850 tons
of concrete and iron ballast and by subdividing the interior by a
continuous longitudinal bulkhead and numerous transverse bulk-
heads.
With fixed ballast only the caissons will float at a draft of 32 feet,
which will be increased to a maximum of 61 feet by flooding when
they are put in place on the deepest sills. To assist in keeping the
caissons on an even keel, trimming tanks are provided at each end.
The longitudinal elevation and section and typical cross sections
of the caissons are shown on drawings 7903 and 7904 (plates Nos.
81 and 82).
There will be five decks in all, the one next to the top being an open
truss, the others of solid plate construction. To avoid all danger of
accidentally scuttling the caisson, the deck which carries the operat-
ing machinery will be made water-tight. The freeboard will be
1 foot, with the water inside up to this deck. The transverse bulk-
heads are spaced at intervals of 12 feet, with smaller intercostal
frames spaced 2 feet apart. The hydrostatic pressure will be carried
to the ends by the decks and by intermediate breast hooks. The
cushion timbers will be of green heart.
The total weight of each caisson, exclusive of ballast, is estimated
at 1,570 tons, of which 140 is the weight of the pumping equipment.
The pumping system will include four centrifugal pumps of the
volute type, with a 20-inch discharge, besides a small auxiliary pump.
The average capacity of each of the large pumps, when pumping
out the locks, is specified to be at least 13,000 gallons per minute,
which would insure the unwatering of any of the locks within 25
hours.
The arrangement of the pumps and piping is such as to permit
drawing the water from either side of the caisson and discharging
it through the opposite side. This will allow the caissons to be
cleaned and painted on both sides, when in place at the lock entrances,
without special docking. After the water level in the lock has been
lowered to about 3 feet of the lock floor through the regular suction
pipe, the remaining water will be pumped out through a removable
auxiliary inlet pipe, which will be temporarily connected to the
caisson at a lower elevation.
The flooding of the caissons will be done by gravity, while two of
the four large pumps are arranged for pumping them out.
The pumps and ventilating fan will be driven by electric motors,
while the cranes and windlasses are to be operated by hand. Three-
phase alternating current at 25 cycles will be used, the voltage to be
2,200 for the main pumps, 220 for the smaller pump and the fan, and
110 for the lighting.
The current will be carried from the lock walls by removable
cables, leading to outlets at both sides at either end of the caissons.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING — FIRST DIVISION. 87
Operating Machinery and Electrical Installation.
This subdivision has been under the immediate charge of Mr.
Edward Schildhauer, electrical and mechanical engineer. The de-
signing and drafting has been carried on with the assistance of
INIessrs. C. B. Larzelere and C. C. Coppin, assistant engineers, and
the necessary draftsmen and clerks. Mr. Frank A. Browne, assistant
engineer, has directed the inspection in the United States. The erec-
tion force on the Isthmus has been directed by Mr. E. E. Lee, super-
intendent of erection, and Mr. F. C. Clark, assistant superintendent
of erection, with the assistance of Messrs. C. P. Fortney and T. H.
Jordan, mechanical supervisors, Messrs. G. A. Balling and W. E.
Holloway, electrical supervisors, and Mr. W. R. McCann, supervisor
of hydroelectric station and transmission lines. Messrs. S. H. Grau-
ten and R. H. Whitehead were employed as testing engineers, and
Mr. E. C. Smith, jr., as local inspector.
RISING stem valve MACHINES.
Under the contract with the "Wheeling Mold & Foundry Co. ship-
ment was completed January 25, 1913, with the exception of thrust
screws, which were manufactured abroad under subcontract. At the
end of the fiscal year 94 per cent of the valves proper had been in-
stalled and the operating machinery was 92 per cent complete in
mechanical erection, while the electrical installation of control panels,
cables, and conduits was 40 per cent complete.
FIXED IRONS FOR RISING STEM GATE VALVES.
The fixed ironwork arrangement for guiding the rising stem valve
and forming the water seals was shown on plate 3 of the annual
report of 1909.
When these irons were checked preparatory to installing the valves
they were found to require correction. The work was done for all
the valves at Gatun and all but two at Pedro Miguel by chipping
and grinding with pneumatic hand tools. For all valves at Mira-
flores and the balance at Pedro Miguel the correction was performed
-with a milling machine especially designed by this office and manu-
factured by the mechanical division.
At the end of the fiscal year 94 per cent of the fixed irons had been
corrected.
TEST ON RISING STEM GATE-VALVE MACHINES.
At the close of the fiscal year 1913 tests had been made with satis-
factory results on 39 rising stem gate-valve machines at Gatun, 20
at Pedro Miguel, and 8 at Miraflores Locks.
All machines are given a preliminary and an acceptance test.
The latter consists of 10 cycles, made at five-minute intervals. The
thrust screws are required to run silently, the temperature of the
crosshead nuts must not exceed 50° C, and no heavy vibration is
permissible. The power consumption must be normal and the parts
in correct alignment, and all seals correctly adjusted.
88
EEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Operation of valve in the dry.
Opening
valve.
Closing
valve.
(a) Weight of valve and accessories, crosshead, and equivalent weight of roller
trains pounds. .
(6) Side seal friction due to initial tension do
(c) Valve, stem, and roller train friction do
(d) Equivalent weight on crosshead (a±(6+c) do
(e) Coefficient thrust screw friction
(/) Thrust screw sliding friction pounds. .
(g) Binding friction between nuts and screws do
(h) Losses in gearing between motors and screws do
(0 Total machine and valve friction (b+c+f+g+h) do
(?') Total force to move valve (j±a) do
(k) Corresponding motor torque ' (pounds at 1-foot radius)
31,500
1,000
8,000
40,500
0.073
23,900
2,100
19,000
54,000
85,500
510
31,500
1,000
8,000
22,500
0.083
14, 700
2,100
12, 400
38.200
6,700
40
1 480 revolutions of motor gives an 18-foot movement of the valve. Motor synclironous speed is 500 revo"
lutions per minute. It takes 03 seconds to open valve and 58 seconds to close it.
CYLINDRICAL VALVE MACHINES.
Under contract with the A^'lieeling Mold & Foundry Co., the last
shipment of these machines was received January 15, 1913.
The mechanical installation of the 120 cylindrical valves was com-
pleted June 1, 1913 ; at the end of the fiscal year the electrical work
of installing control panels and cables with necessary conduits for
these machines was 41.6 per cent complete for all locks.
AUXILIARY CULVERT VALVE MACHINES.
These are furnished under contract with the Wlieeling Mold &
Foundry Co. During the fiscal year 1913 the delivery and erection
of all auxiliary culvert valve machines was completed and all control
panels were erected for these machines. (For tests, see cylindrical
valve machine tests. )
TEST AND CORRECTION FOR LE^ KAGE OF CYLINDRICAL VALVES.
The cylindrical valves were placed at the time of concrete construc-
tion by the construction divisions. When several valves were tested
for leakage, under a 60-foot head in the condition in which they were
installed, they were found to have an excessive leakage. The worst
valve had an average opening around the seat of 0.038 inch, and in
addition to this the leather seals at the top of the valves were not
seated properly.
After correction of the seals, as described in the last annual report,
the valve seats were ground by hand to a closer fit and tests were
continued after successive grindings of the valve seat until the total
leakage was reduced to a satisfactory value.
The results of the tests of leakage are tabulated below, together
with the opening at the valve seat :
Successive grinding.
Average
opening.
Maximum
opening.
Leakage at
GO-foot
head.
Inch.
0. 038
.010
.011
.0003
.00.34
.0005
Inch.
0.110
.009
.047
.031
.014
.003
Second-feet.
(')
(')
0.99
First
Second
Third
.455
Fourth
060
Fifth
.0075
1 Excessive at low head.
CONSTRUCTlOlsr AND ENGINEERING — ElRST DIVISION.
89
As a result of the above tests it was decided to regrind all valves
so as to allow a maximum average opening around tire seat of 0.004
inch.
The leather seals and cast iron segment rings were installed after
all grinding had been finished.
TESTS or CYLINDRICAL VALVE AND AUXILIARY CULVERT VALVE MACHINES.
The operating machinery is the same for both cylindrical valve and
auxiliary culvert valve machines, except that 60-inch and 36-inch
strokes are required for the 60-inch and 36-inch auxiliary culvert
valves, respectively, instead of the 32-inch stroke of the cylindrical
valve.
In order to allow for slight over-travel of the machine after the
valve has seated without injury to the machine, the valve stem is
allowed to rise through the driving gear by means of the spline, and,
to give the valve a seating pressure, the limit switch is adjusted to
make this rise about one-fourth inch.
The motor torques and time required for opening the various types
of valves are as follows : All machines of this class overhaul when
closing, and usually reverse a small amount of power in the line.
Type of valve.
Time to
open valve.
Semisteel cylindrical valve
Cast-steel cylindrical valve
60-inch auxiliary culvert valve
36-inch auxiliary culvert valve
Seconds.
The first 40 cylindrical valves were made of cast steel and the
remaining 80 of semisteel.
GUARD VALVE MACHINERY.
The designs for the operating machinery of the guard valves were
completed in August, 1912. The guard valves are to be used as dupli-
cates to the upper rising stem valves in emergency or for use in clos-
ing the intakes in the side wall culverts for unwatering the culverts
to permit access to other valves for painting and repairs. The design
was determined largely by the cramped position in which the ma-
chines had to be placed. On account of the infrequency of operation,
as well as their slow speed, the machine is simpler and cheaper than
that for the rising stem valve.
The following are the essential features of the machine: The
driving shaft, which carries three driving sprocket sheaves, is driven
through a train of gears, consisting of a spur gear and pinion and a
worm wheel and worm, by a 27.5-horsepower, 220-volt, 3-phase, 25-
cycle motor, electrically a duplicate of the miter-gate moving ma-
chine. The main sprocket sheave on the driving shaft carries the
gate hoisting chain which^ after passing over another sprocket sheave
on an idler shaft, goes to the gate counterweight in the counterweight
00 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
pit. The other two driving sprocket sheaves on the driving shaft
drive the shafts carrying the sprocket sheaves, which in turn carry
the two chains wliich operate the hoisting of the roller trains. These
chains also carry small counterweights, which are suspended in the
main countei*\\^eight pit. The roller train speed reduction of one-half
the gate speed is obtained by having smaller sprocket sheaves for the
roller train chains than the driving sprocket. (See drawings 6450
and 6451, plates Nos. 83 and 84.)
On November 14, 1912, contract for 18 complete machines, with the
exception of motor, limit switch counterweight base, and counter-
weights, was awarded to the Earle Gear & Slachine Co., of Phila-
delphia, Pa., for the sum of $26,900. The price of the machines as
awarded was $0.0845 per pound. The counterweights and counter-
weight bases are being furnished by the mechanical division at a
cost of $0.0175 per pound.
At the end of the fiscal year the shipment was 50 per cent complete,
but deliveries from the contractor were behind schedule from two to
four months.
The work of correcting the fixed irons, assembling roller trains,
assembling valves and seals, installing the babbitt seals and placing
valves is about 75 per cent complete. Erection of machinery has been
held up due to nonreceipt of material^ and to date the shafts and
pedestals of 33 per cent have been placed and the anchor bolts set in
concrete for the balance.
MITER-GATE MOVING MACHINES.
Under the contract for miter-gate ]noving machines with the
Wheeling Mold & Foundry Co., of Wheeling, W. Va., shipments with
a complete delivery at Colon by May 1, 1913, were promised. The
entire shipment was completed during May, 1913, but during the
year the work has been handicapped by the nonreceipt of the parts
that it was necessary to embed in concrete, and about which the erec-
tion of the whole machine hinged. At the end of the fiscal year 86
p€r cent of all machines had been installed.
The delivery of electrical equipment for these machines has been
completed except indicating devices. The electrical work at the close
of the fiscal year is 24.2 per cent completed.
MITER-GATE FORCING MACHINE.
At the close of the fiscal year the sample machine had been manu-
factured under contract with the Pichard Manufacturing Co., of
Bloomsburg, Pa., and shipped to the Isthmus for final test. As soon
as the structural work of the gates would permit it was installed and
given a test under approximately actual operating conditions. As
a result several changes were made, and in consequence it was decided
to allow the option for the remaining machines to lapse and to invite
new bids. In all eight manufacturers submitted bids, of which the
lowest, submitted by the A^Hieeling Mold & Foundry Co., was
$37,771.65 for the remaining 45 machines. The award was accord-
ingly made to that company on November 23, 1912.
At the end of the fiscal year 100 per cent of the machines had been
delivered. On account of the noncompletion of the work on the
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING FIRST DIVISION. 9l
structural gate parts the work of installation has been seriously de-
layed.
TEST or MITER-GATE MACHINERY.
Test was made on July 31, 1912, on the upper guard gates at Gatun.
These gates were practically completed as to all the main features.
The miter-gate moving machines were installed complete, as was the
miter-forcing machine. During the tests the machines were con-
trolled from the machinery room in the center wall. The machines
were adjusted so that when the strut arm was at dead center on the
crank gear the gates were closed with a compression of the strut for
gate Xo. 37 of live thirty-seconds inch and for gate No. 38 of nine
thirty-seconds inch.
The limit switches of the machines were adjusted so that the gate
traveled from its full miter position to the opposite position in the
recess, at which point the machine w^as again on dead center.
The gates were started from the miter position and opened to their
full position in the recess and again closed. They were then locked
by the miter-forcing macliine, although the gates were already in
perfect miter. The lock was then removed. The time of operation
of gate No. 37 was 1 minute and 51 seconds, and the time for gate No.
38 was 1 minute and 50| seconds, the difference in time being prob-
ably due to error in observation. The whole operation was re-
peated a second time. During both operations the mitering of
the gates was perfect. The machines had been adjusted separately,
and although there was a noticeable small lead on one gate over the
other, the gates came properly to closed position. Had there been
time to adjust the gates simultaneously they could have been made to
close with exact synchronism. The variation was, however, very
slight.
Gate No. 38 was then left in its closed position and gate No. 37
opened a distance of 2 inches. The miter-forcing machine was then
operated and gate No. 37 was forced to a point within three-fourths
inch of perfect miter. This operation was repeated with gate ^o. 37
3J inches from miter and was closed to a point five-eighths inch from
miter. During these tests the miter-forcing machine was operating
against the resistance imposed by the strut. The effect of these forces
on the strut was measured at the slip joint and indicated the com-
pression or elongation of the strut springs.
MITER-FORCING TESTS.
Start : Gate No. 38, against sill, t^-iuch compression.
Finish : Gate No. 38, against sill, ^2-incli compression.
Start: Gate No. 37, 3^ inches out, no compression.
Finish : Gate No. 37, f inch out, flinch compression.
During tests the operation of the miter-forcing machine was en-
tirely satisfactory.
TOWING TRACK MATERIAL,
The status of the material furnished under Circular 619 to date is
as follows:
Class 1. — This includes all rolled-steel track material, and was 95
per cent complete on deliveries up to the beginning of the fiscal year
1913. During the year the delivery on this class was completed.
92 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Class 2. — Under this class are the cast-steel towing track rack sec-
tions. The delivery, which was 44 per cent completed at the begin-
ning of the fiscal year, was completed during February, 1913, includ-
ing spare parts. The total linear feet, exclusive of spare parts, was
npproximately 53,950. Up to the end of the fiscal year, 36,908 linear
feet of rack track had been installed complete with concrete, and
11,168 linear feet had been distributed and bolted up ready to be
aligned and concreted.
Class 3. — This class covers malleable-iron supporting brackets for
conductor-slot cover plates. At the beginning of the fiscal year 60
per cent had been delivered on the Isthmus and were reported as
rejected in the last annual report. Later arrangements were made
with the Ross-Meehan Foundry Co., the contractors, whereby they
agreed to stand the expense of straightening the castings. Accord-
ingly, a die was desired in this office and the castings straightened
by the mechanical division with a steam hammer, at a unit cost of
approximately 0.4 cent per bracket, so as to be acceptable. During
the year the shipment of brackets was completed.
Class If.- — Copper T rails and splice bars for conductor rails.
The delivery for this class was completed at the end of the last fiscal
year.
Class 5. — ^This class includes crossovers and turnouts. During
the fiscal year all deliveiy was completed, and on June 30, 1913, 25
per cent of single crossovers and 33 per cent of double crossovers
had been installed.
The installation of conductor rails, insulators, cover-plate brackets,
and cover plates has kept pace with the installation of completed
track.
The installation of most of the return tracks has been performed
by the Atlantic and Pacific divisions during their construction work.
TOWING LOCOMOTIVES.
Under Circular 650, bids were invited for the towing locomotive.
The'circular asked for bids on 1 locomotive and 39 locomotives, the
idea being to give the first a thorough test before exercising the
option to purchase the balance. The award was made to the Gen-
eral Electric Co., the lowest bidder. The tests on the sample loco-
motive showed that improvements were necessary to fulfill the con-
ditions specified. As a result, order was placed for the required
number of locomotives with alterations found necessai-y to overcome
the defects made apparent by the test.
The first shipment is to be made on or before January 15, 1914,
with a delivery of 4 locomotives per month thereafter until the ship-
ment of 40 locomotives is complete.
TOWING TESTS PANAMA RAILROAD STE^VMSHIPS.
A series of tests were made in Limon Bay on ships of the Panama
Kailroad fleet at various speeds and rates of acceleration to serve as
a check on the basis used for the design of the towing locomotives.
Tests were made on five ships, the size of which ranged from the
steamship Advance^ of 3,580 tons, to the steamship Ciistobal., of
10,420 tons displacement, at actual draft at time of test. The tests
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERIN(
-FIRST DIVISION.
93
were made by the use of the tugboat Empire^ length 120 feet, beam
24 feet, and depth 14 feet 6 inches, with a gross tonnage of 288 tons.
The tug could exert a maximum pull at standstill of about 15,000
pounds. A manila towline of 7-inch girth was used, with a dynamom-
eter consisting of spiral springs working between circular end
plates with a steel scale for indicating the compression of the springs.
It was calibrated several times during the tests and remained fairly
constant.
The speed of the tug was measured by means of a Price current
meter, mounted on the bow of the tug. This meter proved to be
cjuite satisfactory in smooth water, but the accuracy to be obtained
in rough water is doubtful on account of the severe end thrust on
the meter pivots resulting from the pitching of the tug.
The start was made from rest in position alongside the dock, and
the ship accelerated to the desired speed as quickly as the power of
the tug would permit. The speed was then held constant until a
sufficient number of readings had been obtained to insure representa-
tive results. Eeadings were taken of dynamometer pull, tug speed,
angle of towline with center line of tug, angle of towline with ship,
and ship's bearings. These readings were taken at intervals of 30
seconds throughout the run.
The results of the tests are shown on the curve sheet (plate No.
85), where the speed resistance curves are plotted for each of the
ships tested on common axes of coordinates. These curves represent,
with a fair degree of accuracy, the resistance which the various ships
offer when being towed in open water. It is to be noted that each
curve represents only a single test on a given vessel, and further that
the runs were made in deep water without side walls.
The following tabulation gives necessary data covering Panama
Railroad steamships and dates of test. These correspond to attached
curves.
Date of test.
Vessel.
Mar. 13, 1913
Apr. 18, 1913
Apr. 24, 1913
May 1, 1913..
May 5, 1913..
Cristobal
Allianca.
Colon. . .
Advance
Panama.
Length.
Feet.
505.0
358.3
374.8
314:7
374.8
Beam.
Feet.
58.0
42.0
50.0
38.3
50.0
Mean
draft.
Feet.
17.75
18.25
18.25
16.55
18.84
Displace-
ment.
Tons.
10, 420
5,210
5,750
3,580
5,965
Wetted
sm-fb,ce.
Sq.ft.
42,182
25,084
27,666
19,040
28,000
SPILLWAY GATE MACHINES.
The report for 1912 contained a description of the design and
award of the contract for 22 spillway gate-operating machines and
pumps for unwatering the counterweight pits.
During the year ending June 30, 1913, the delivery of all the ma-
chines was completed and a satisfactory test of the first machine
erected was made. Up to the end of the year, mechanical work had
been started on 85 per cent of the 14 machines at Gatun, and 71 per
cent of the machines were practically completed. At Miraflores the
work has not begun as the concrete construction is not far enough
advanced as yet to permit it. The delivery of the electrical equip-
ment for all spillway control is complete excepting the indicating
94 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
devices and remote control panels to be installed in hydroelectric
plant at Gatun and in the control house at Miraflores. The con-
tactor panels have been partially installed on six machines to date.
TEST OF SPILLWAY-GATE MACHINES.
Test made on the first machine to be installed in its position in
the Gatim spillway indicated that the machine Avas very satisfactory.
The device for shifting the gate upstream a slight distance after it is
clear of the water, and the mechanism for raising the roller train
out of the water after the pressure on the gate is relieved operated
properly. The friction of the machine amounted to 30 pounds-foot
at the motor, being approximately the same for raising and lowering
the gate when 44,000 pounds are used on each counterweight.
TRANSFORMER ROOM EQUIPMENT.
The annual report of 1912 gave a description of the principal fea-
tures embodied in the transformer and distributing rooms for the
power and lighting of the locks. Up to the end of the last fiscal
year the design had been completed and bids invited. After canvass
of the bids the award w^as made on the general classes as follows :
General Electric Co., all lighting and power transformers, all oil
switch banks, all gronncl plates, all insulating varnish, all
control house lighting switchboards $106,670.00
Westinghouse Electric & ^Manufacturing Co., 16.060 pounds copper
busses, cable-room equipment, varnished cambric tape 13, 369. 86
G. & W. Specialty Co., cable bells 23,320.00
Standard Underground Cable Co., cable bells 5,385.15
At this time award was also made for the item of low-tension
switchboards for the transformer rooms, but on account of a mis-
understanding of the quality of material to be furnished on the part
of the contractors, the commission readvertised. The result of the
readvertisement and canvass was the award of 36 switchboards to the
General Electric Co. on their original combination bid for $59,086 in
September, 1912.
At the end of the fiscal year 95 per cent of the complete equip-
ment for the transformer rooms had been received. The erexi'tion of
the transformer-room equipment is progressing satisfactorily, and
jit the end of the year 35 per cent of transformer rooms had been
practically completed and work had been begun on 30 per cent more.
This gives an approximate total of about 65 per cent of all rooms on
which work has been started.
INSULATED CABLE.
The total amount of insulated cable on order to date for all classes
of work on locks and hydroelectric station, including the under-
ground lines from the hydroelectric station to locks, is given below
in schedule. Of the total amount of 2,372,110 feet, there are 1,394,600
feet of lead sheathed cable and 977,510 feet of rubber covered double-
braided wdre and cable.
The delivery on the above is approximately 93 per cent complete
for all classes. To date, 462,729 feet of lead sheathed cable have
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERINC
-FIRST DIVISION.
95
been pulled into the ducts. and a large part of the remaining ducts
have been redded and cleaned and are wired with fish wires for
rapidh^ pulling in the remainder of the cable as needed.
The rubber covered wire for lighting and telephones will be in-
stalled later as the concrete work permits.
Wire and cable on order.
Feet.
3-conductor 4/0 varnished cambric insulated lead sheathed 319,000
3-condnctor 2/0 varnished cambric insulated lead sheathed 63, 800
5-condiictor #10 rubber insulated lead sheathed 238,500
8-conductor #10 rubber insulated lead sheathed 420, 000
1-conductor 2/0 varnished cambric insulated lead sheathed 30,000
1-conductor #2 varnished cambric insulated lead sheathed 51,000
1-conductor #6 varnished cambric insulated lead sheathed 4, 000
1-conductor #6 rubber insulated lead sheathed 50,000
1-conductor #6 rubber insulated double braid 134,000
1-conductor #10 rubber insulated lead sheathed 41,300
1-conductor #10 rubber insulated double braid 164,000
1-conductor #2 rubber insulated lead sheathed 88,000
1-conductor #12 rubber insulated lead sheathed 62,000
1-conductor #12 rubber insulated double braid 360, 000
2-conductor #12 rubber insulated lead sheathed 39, 000
2-conductor #12 rubber insulated double braid 73, 000
1-conductor #23-61 stranded rubber insulated double braid 106, 000
1-conductor #23-19 stranded rubber insulated double braid 120, 000
1-conductor 1,000,000 c. m. stranded varnished cambric insulated lead
sheathed 1,050
1-couductor 750,000 c. m. stranded varnished cambric insulated lead
sheathed 1, OOO
1-conductor #4/0 stranded varnished cambric insulated lead sheathed- 3, 800
3-conductor 500,000 c. m. varnished cambric insulated lead sheathed 2, 660
Total 2, 372, 110
All cable is pulled in ducts by a special winch made up on the
Isthmus and driven by a small motor. The cable is greased and
pulled through the ducts at the rate of 70 feet per minute.
A few lengths as long as 900 feet, where duct conditions have been
favorable, were pulled without undue strain on the cable or appreci-
able abrasion on the lead sheath. A large number of observations
have been taken to determine the amount of pull for various lengths
and combinations of the different cables.
The severest conditions that have been encountered are as follows :
Kind of cable.
3-conductor 4/0
3-conductor 4/0
5 or 8 conductor control
2 control cables, any combination in one duct
3 control cables, any combination excepting 3-8 conductor in one duct
3 8-conductor cables in one duct
Feet of
cable in
duct.
830
850
550
500
500
500
Maximum
pull (in
pounds) re-
quired.
3,000
2,000
1,300
1,300
1,800
3,600
In the case of two or more cables in a duct, the pull shown is di-
vided up among the cables.
The low pulls given for the severest conditions show that none of
the cables have been excessively strained during process of instal-
lation.
96 ■ EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
LOCK CONTROL AND INDICATIIJG EQUIPMENT.
At the end of June, 1912, the study for lock control had been
completed and tentative award had been made to the General Elec-
tric Co. for the whole of Circular 679, with the exception of the
local chain-fender indicators. Upon the completion of drawings
which showed the required features the final award was made to
the above company.
The first two local indicators for chain fenders were manufac-
tured, and as they were not entirely satisfactory the commission re-
fused to exercise its option for remaining indicators. It has been
decided to design mechanically operated signals and use standard
railway-signal apparatus.
During the year a great amount of work has been done at the
works of the contractor toward perfecting the complex interlocking
system of the main control board and perfecting the indicating de-
vices and the indicator transmitters.
The control scheme as completed wdll allow the control of every
piece of machinery in the lock walls from a central control house
situated on the center wall of the upper lock, wdiere an uninter-
rupted view of the entire flight of locks may be had.
In this control house is located a control switchboard connected
with every local control panel and indicating mechanism. The
control board is so arranged that the indicator and control switch of
each gate or valve machine is placed in the same relative position
to other indicators and control switches as that occupied by the
actual machines, so that by means of red and green lights and small
models of gates and valves operated by synchronous transmitting
mechanisms, the operator in tlie control tower will be able to tell
at a glance the conditions in any part of the locks from the switch-
board indications. These plans have been perfected during the year
and the manufacture is going on rapidly, so that the first board will
be ready to ship probably by August 1, which is as soon as the con-
trol houses will be completed. To date 38 per cent of indicator trans-
mitters have been received.
ILLUMINATION.
The general features of the illumination of the locks were de-
scribed in the last annual report. During the year specifications
were written and bids invited on miscellaneous lighting material.
After canvass of the first lot of bids all were rejected, except that for
distributing lighting panels, award for which w^as made to H. Krantz
Manufacturing Co. for sixty 14-circuit and six 6-circuit panels, at a
total cost of $5,490.
On readvertisement for remainder of material award was made
to the General Electric Co. to furnish snap switches for $800 and
to H. Krantz Manufacturing Co. to furnish 525 bronze outlet boxes
for telephones and portable lamps in lamp-posts for $10,925. The
remainder of bids were rejected as the material proposed did not
suit requirements and such material as is suitable is to be bought in
open market.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING FIRST DIVISION. 97
A hollow concrete pole with concrete bracket arms and reflectors
has been designed for supporting the lamps for exterior illumina-
tion of the locks and grounds.
The center-wall poles carry a single bracket and lamp projecting
toward the chamber, and the side-wall poles carry double-bracket
lamps so as to give a broad illumination over the lock chambers
and the ground surrounding the locks.
The poles are arranged in four rows along the whole length of the
locks, one row on each side wall and two on the center wall. The
poles are spaced approximately 100 feet apart with a mounting
height of 30 feet above coping level for the lamps. The lighting
units used are 110- volt, 500-w^att Mazda lamps.
In a preliminary test of lighting, with the inside of the reflectors
painted with white enamel and using 400-watt lamps, the illumina-
tion was very satisfactory in the vicinity of the two lamp standards
under test.
Designs have been prepared by this division for cast-iron molds
for making ceiling and side-wall reflectors for tunnel and machine
room illumination. None of these molds have been finished to date,
but an early delivery is expected, after which the work of manu-
facture of interior reflectors will proceed.
The reenforcement of the exterior lamp reflectors is made of seven
pieces of |-inch steel rod, consisting or a rim for the top of the
reflector, one for the bottom, and five rods connecting the two rims.
The pieces are first bent to correct shape then welded together by
a " spot " welding machine especially made on the Isthmus for that
purpose.
HYDROELECTRIC PLANT.
The specifications and awards for generating equipment for the
power house were included in the report of 1912. During the fiscal
year 1913 all the above equipment was delivered, including the main
generators and turbines, with exciter sets, traveling crane, penstocks,
head gates, and operating machinery.
Bids were invited on auxiliary equipment for the hydroelectric
station during the fiscal year, and award was made to the General
Electric Co. to furnish the electric parts for $39,216, and to the
Niles-Bement-Pond Co. to furnish certain crane accessories for $115.
The steel work for the hydroelectric station was advertised in
September, 1912, and award made to the United States Steel Prod-
ucts Co. for fabrication and delivery at Colon. The contract in-
cluded all steel for hydroelectric station complete, with steel for
gatehouse, gatehouse stairway, stop logs, and small miscellaneous
steel. The consideration w^ill be about $27,500. The delivery has
been completed.
At the end of the fiscal year erection of the steel in penstock was
100 per cent complete, and all turbines had been set. The balance of
the work of the installation of machinery is dependent upon the
completion of the building for housing the electrical equipment.
The work of erecting the building is being done by the Atlantic
division.
The delivery of the equipment of the gatehouse and generating
station is practically complete.
11834°— 13 7
98 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
TRANSMISSION LINE.
During the fiscal j^ear it was decided to install for the transmission
line an overhead system for 44,000 volts. This line is to extend
from Balboa to Cristobal, and acts as a tie between the Gatim hydro-
electric power station and the present Miraflores steam plant, so
that they may be operated separately or in parallel, as necessary.
Operating with this line are four substations, located at Cristobal,
Gatun, Miraflores, and Balboa. The complete line consists of dupli-
cate three-phase lines, one of which is carried on each side of track-
span bridges spaced 300 feet apart on tangents and 200 feet on curves
along the whole length of the Panama Railroad.
The bridges are of structural steel, with a clear track span of 36
feet, a clearance of 26 feet over the tracks, and an overall height of
40 feet.
The conductors are to be 2/0 stranded copper wire spaced with a
clearance of 5 feet. They are supported from brackets outside of
towers, with three-part suspension insulators, with noncorroding
connecting links to allow a maximum life and a minimum of line
troubles.
Contract has been made with the United States Steel Products
Co. to furnish 777 double-track spans at $541 each, and for 1,500,000
feet of 2/0 stranded copper wire at a unit price of $0.0803 per foot
($0.18 per pound), and 500,000 feet of five-sixteenths-inch copper
clad ground wire at a unit price of $0.0515 per foot ($0,165 per
pound). The total price for the above items, including anchors for
towers, was approximately $585,265.
The suspension insulators of three units each, of which there are
4,000, and the strain insulators of three units each, of which there
are 2,500, are furnished by the Locke Insulator Co., at a cost of
$16.83 and $18.88 each, respectively, with a total contract price of
$114,520.
At the close of the fiscal year no track spans have been delivered on
the Isthmus, No insulators have been delivered, but 499,154 feet of
copper wire has been received.
COVER SEATS FOR CRANK GEAR MACHINERY ROOMS.
At the end of the last fiscal year the contract for 92 complete cover
seats had been let to the Standard Foundry Co., of Buffalo, N. Y.,
and 32 per cent of the total of 719,152 pounds of cast-iron and cast-
steel cover seats had been delivered. During the year the remainder
of the complete shipment has been received and approximately 71
per cent of the cover seats have been installed and concreted in place.
CONCRETE.
In connection with the installation of machinery, it has proved
necessary for the erection force under this division to install approxi-
mately 65,000 cubic yards of concrete.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEEEING FIRST DIVISION. 99
REDESIGN OF CARGO-HANDLING CRANES BALBOA — ^PANAMA RAILROAD
DOCKS.
At the request of the Panama Railroad Co. this division undertook
the designing work in connection with the changing of the cargo
cranes at Balboa from direct current to alternating current. The
drawings covering the redesign are about 90 per cent complete.
INSPECTION OF MACHINERY AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT.
The force handling technical matters relating to inspection of
electrical and mechanical equipment for permanent operation of
locks, dams, and spillways has been continued throughout the year,
with some reduction in comiection with the contracts for lock ma-
chinery, transmission line, and hydroelectric station material herein-
before described under the heading " Operating machinery and
electrical installation"; also contracts for equipment for Balboa
shops, Balboa Dry Docks, Balboa cranes, and Bascule bridge for the
Panama Railroad Co., besides various minor contracts. The head-
quarters of this force remained at Wheeling, W. Va., during the year.
The inspection work under the jurisdiction of this force has required,
so far, a maximum of 60 men (during July, 1912), and at the close
of the fiscal year this organization consisted of 25 men, 19 of whom
are inspectors at an average salary of $135.
During the year inspection has, at various times, been carried on at
the works of 426 different main and subcontractors on completed and
uncompleted contracts aggregating $6,496,603.65. Of this total, 2 per
cent was assigned to them by the general purchasing officer for inspec-
tion. Inspection of uncompleted contracts, at an aggregate price of
$3,547,302.73, was carried out during the year. The remaining un-
completed contracts are under inspection.
The inspection of the valve st^ms for rising-stem gate- valve ma-
chines at the Mannesmanrohren-Werke (Mannesmann Tube Works),
Dusseldorf, Germany, subcontractor to the A\^ieeling Mold & Foun-
dry Co. for valve machines, was satisfactorily completed during the
3^ear.
The inspection of thrust screw^s for rising-stem gate- valve machines,
at the works of Nydquist & Holm, Trollhattan, Sweden, subcontractor
to the "Wheeling Mold & Foundry Co., was completed during the fiscal
year.
Inspection has been performed by this force for the general pur-
chasing officer on contracts amounting to about 3 per cent of the com-
pleted contracts. In connection with the contracts, 4,074 drawings
have been submitted, checked, and approved, and 6,036 determinations
made in the chemical laboratory connected with this branch of the in-
spection service. The average unit cost of determinations has been
53.4 cents, against 43 cents in 1912, owing to a smaller number of de-
terminations made in 1913, Of the total determinations made ap-
proximately 5^ per cent were made for and at the request of other
branches of the inspection service.
The total cost of maintaining this inspection force has been well
within the estimate made for the fiscal year.
100 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
The total value of contracts inspected as of June 30, 1913, was
$5,059,058.16, this being the value of material inspected from the
time of organization of this force. The total expenditure for inspec-
tion, including salaries, traveling expenses, nonexpendable property,
and expendable property is $155,688.38 since organization of the
force. The percentage cost of inspection, therefore, for the entire
time this organization has been in operation is 3.08 per cent.
General.
The designing and drafting for the year has consisted principally
of the following :
A large number of drawings and sketches has been necessary for
the use of the field in installing machinery, control apparatus for
the various machines, cable ducts, cable-end bells, etc. Thirty-eight
drawings were necessary for cable runs alone in the operating
tunnels.
A design and specifications were prepared in this office for the end
bells of the multiple conductor control cable. The specifications for
these were issued under Circular No. 734, and included miscellaneous
material for cable splicing.
Specifications were prepared for lighting material and issued un-
der Circular No. 732, On account of the high prices bid on lamp
reflectors, designs were prepared for lamp reflectors of concrete, to
be manufactured on the Isthmus.
The guard-valve machinery drawings were completed and specifi-
cations prepared and issued under Circular No. 737.
Designs of many special tools were prepared for use in the field,
including such items as the milling machine for milling the fixed
irons of the rising-stem valves, a cable-pulling machine, and many
smaller tools, jigs, and templets. A design was jDrepared for a rotary
planer for the McClintic-Marshall Construction Co., for planing the
end plates of the miter-gate leaves, but it was decided not to pur-
chase same on account of time of delivery and cost.
Drawings and specifications were prepared for the steelwork of
the hydroelectric station building and gatehouse. Specifications were
issued under Circular No, 736.
Steel for roof trusses for the three control houses was purchased
as an addition to Circular No. 736.
The design of the transmission line and substation equipments was
prepared and specifications covering the material were issued under
Circular No. 752. Drawings were also prepared for the cable duct
lines across the Gatun Dam and from the Miraflores power station
to the Pedro Miguel Locks.
Drawings were prepared for the foundations of the hydroelectric
station building and machinery; also lighting and drainage plans and
many other details.
General plans and elevations were prepared for the control houses
and also details for steel beams and roof trusses; also lighting plans,
sketches, and studies were made of the method of caring for the largo
number of cables which are to enter the control houses.
Specifications were prepared in this subdivision for the electrical
equipment for the lock caissons.
consteuction and engineering first division. 101
Emergency Dams.
This work has been under the immediate charge of Mr. T. B, Mon-
niche, designing engineer, assisted in the inspection on the Isthmus
during the whole or part of the year by Messrs. L. W. Tazewell, jr.,
E. E. Sexton, F. C. Purchase, and Lee Hooper. The inspection in
the United States has been under the immediate charge of Mr. F. H.
Moore, chief inspector.
INSPECTION IN THE UNITED STATES.
During the fiscal year the inspection of material for the emergency
dams was continued at the plants of the various subcontractors by an
average of eight inspectors, one assistant inspector, and one clerk.
In addition to the 53 different plants of subcontractors mentioned
in the last annual report, inspection was performed during the year
at nine other plants.
During the month of January, 1913, the chemical laboratory at
Munhall was abolished, and the material distributed between the
chemical laboratories on the Isthmus and those of other subdivisions
of the commission in the United States.
During the fiscal year the remaining shop drawings for the dams
were approved. The total number of drawings required for Gatun
and Peclro Miguel Dams is 1,084 and for Miraflores 1,009, but this
does not include the drawings for girder and gate-hoisting machines,
nor for electrical equipment.
The principal part of the structural material was fabricated at the
Ambridge plant of the American Bridge Co.
At the Pencoyd plant of the American Bridge Co. the inspection
of the gates and the machinery for turning and wedging of the dams
has continued satisfactorily, and at this date practically all material
has been shipped.
During the year full-sized tests upon the gates were made at the
Pencoyd plant of the American Bridge Co. The requirements for
these tests, as called for in the specifications, were as follows :
The gates shall be placed with their flanged wheels bearing upon
150-pound Cambria section crane rails, rolled of nickel steel. They
shall then be loaded with pig iron uniformly distributed over their
surface, and each test shall consist of three parts, as follows :
First test. — ^When loaded to the amount equivalent to the sum of
the kinetic water pressure and the static water pressure while lower-
ing, as given in Isthmian Canal Commission contract drawing No.
5505, the horizontal force required to start the gate rolling on the rails
and keep it in motion shall in no case exceed 50 per cent of the total
weight of the gate itself, not including pig iron.
Second test. — The load of pig iron on the gate shall then be in-
creased to an amount equivalent to the maximum static water pres-
sure, as given on drawing No. 5505. The flanged wheels and roller
bearings of the gates must be able to resist this loading without in-
jury to the material and without causing depressions or permanent
sets, that would increase the friction and resistance in lowering the
gates.
102
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Third test. — The load upon the gate shall then be decreased to an
amount equal to the sum of the kinetic water pressure and the static
water pressure while lowering, as for test No. 1, and the horizontal
force then required to roll the gate upon the rails must in no case be
greater than was required under the first test.
The object of the tests is to insure that the friction upon the rails
will not be so great as to prevent the lowering of the gates by their
weight alone, and that no objectionable distortions or permanent sets
will be produced by the maximum pressure to which the gates will be
subjected.
The forces recorded during the first and the third tests for rolling
the gates on the rails are listed below, same being expressed in per-
centage of the weight of each respective gate :
No. of gate.
First test.
Third test.
Per cent.
Per cent.
1
4.2
2.6
2
3.4
3.4
3
4.2
3.5
4
4.3
3.4
5
1.6
1.5
In comparing the results obtained from the first and the third tests
it will be noted that the forces required for rolling the gates on the
rails during the third test are in each instance less than during the
first test. It is evident, therefore, that neither the wheels nor the
roller bearings suffered any injury by imposing the heavy load upon
the gates as required by the second test. The reason for a smaller
force being sufficient for moving the gates by the third test may be
attributed to coating of the rollers and better distribution of the
grease in the bearings, owing to the gates having been rolled under
load during the first test.
Full-sized tests for the gate yokes were also made at Pencoyd Iron
Works. All these tests were satisfactory.
SHIPMENTS.
Practically all structural material and turning and wedging ma-
chinery for the emergency dams was shipped to the Isthmus from
Baltimore, Md., the pig iron for the counterweights from New Or-
leans, and several small items from New York.
With very few exceptions, material has arrived on the Isthmus in
excellent condition.
METHOD OF ERECTION.
The method of erection of the emergency dams varied slightly for
each dam, due to local conditions at the different sites. The typical
manner of erection is described by Designing Engineer Monniche as
follows :
Prior to erection the commission constructed three traclis. 32 feet center to
center, leading up to the center pier of the emergency dam, as shown on
plate No. SO. From these traclis all foundation castings, such as center pivot,
wedge seats, rack and track castings, etc., were put in position. From the
CONSTRUCTION ANt) ENGINEERING FIRST DIVISION. 103
middle track the wicket girders were placed iu the pit provided for them, those
nearest the center pier being placed first, and the track was then extended on
top of the wicket girders.
Directly after the completion of this track, marked " B " on the accompanying
sketch (plate No. 86), track A was extended on wooden bents from the center
pier to the end of the long arm of the dam. As the extended position of track B
served only for placing the wicket girders in temporary position and was of no
further use, this track was torn up, and track C was extended from the center
pier to the end of the long arm, this track also resting on the wicket girders.
All the tracks were extended from the center pier by the contractor at his
expense.
Bents and blocking to support the bottom chords of the vertical trusses were
then placed directly upon the wicket girders, which served as a foundation for
supporting the vertical trusses, as well as for the extension of track C. The
wicket gii'ders had been placed on heavy cribbing, so as to reduce the load per
square foot on the underlying fill and to prevent the underpinning of the ver-
tical trusses from settling. Notwithstanding this precaution it was necessary
for the contractor at intervals during erection to wedge up the supports for
these trusses.
The actual raising of structural steel was begun by placing the two heavy
cross girders on the center pivot. These girders, weighing approximately 40
tons each, are to carry the whole load of the structure. They were put into
position by means of two locomotive cranes traveling on tracks A and C.
From these tracks the bottom chords of the vertical trusses were then placed
in position upon the bents and blocking previously mentioned, which blocking
was raised slightly above the calculated camber elevations. All chord splices
were brought into perfect contact by the use of ship's jacks, after which the
splices were riveted. When the full length of the bottom chords were riveted
together the bottom lateral system was assembled from track B, the laterals
on the long arm being placed in position by lifting them over the two center
girders and lowering them into place with a crane. The bottom laterals of the
short arm were then put in position, those nearest the center girders being
placed first, and track B was torn up as the work on the laterals progressed
toward the end of the short arm.
From the two remaining erection tracks, A and C, the two intermediate
diagonals for the inclined center posts on each side of the cross girders were put
into place, after which the main inclined center posts were assembled in the
structure, being supported by the intermediate diagonals. After the inclined
posts had been erected the hangers from their upper ends were assembled,
serving as a further support for the inclined posts. The center posts of the
vertical trusses were then erected, and all floor beams and sway bracing re-
quired for the members so far erected were put into place, after which the
riveted diagonals for the trusses at the extreme end of the short arm, as well
as all posts, floor beams, and sway framing for the short arm, were assembled.
The I-bars of the top chords and those of the second diagonals of the long arm
were erected, thus completing that part of the triangular system of the verti-
cal trusses, which is pin connected.
The extreme end of the short arm was then let down to the calculated camber
elevation, and the rest of the vertical trusses, the top lateral system, and sway
frames, and the floor beams of the long arm were assembled, continuing the
erection of these members toward the end of the long arm. Care was taken
in maintaining the calculated camber elevations for each panel point as the
assembling proceeded and in riveting the principal members of the vertical
trusses directly after assembling. By this method of erection the load on the
camber blocking was reduced and the desired shape of the vertical trusses, as
well as the proper alignment of the horizontal truss, were obtained.
After completing the riveting of the vertical trusses, the extension of track
C was removed, and the wicket girder booms, with their vertical framing, were
erected on the upstream side of the dam, these being put into place by a loco-
motive crane traveling on the unloading track D. Simultaneously with this
work from track A, the horizontal truss was assembled into the structure,
starting nearest the end of the long arm. Each member of the horizontal truss
was supported at one end by placing blocking under the tension chord of the
truss near the edge of the lock wall, and at the other end by bolting it to the
vertical truss. As the erection of this truss progressed, the booms and required
framing supporting it were put into place, piece by piece, and not in the man-
ner adopted for the erection of the wicket girder booms, which were bolted to
104 KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
their framing on the ground and then assembled into the structure. As the
erection of the horizontal truss continued toward the end nearest the center of
the dam, the extension of track marked A was removed, and the placing of con-
crete and pig iron in the counterweight on the short arm was begun.
The floor stringers and plates were then assembled in the structure, and the
erection of the hoisting machinery for the wicket girders and gates was started.
After completing this work, and during the riveting of the various members
already erected in the dam, one end of the wicket girders was raised until
pin connection could be made with the compression chord of the horizontal
truss. This was accomplished by means of a block and tackle attached to
timbers laid across the floor beams. The other end of the wicket girders was
also raised by block and tackle attached to the booms, and was held temporarily
in place by cables.
The gates were then rolled along the wicket girders to a position directly
beneath the hangers, which are attached to the floor beams. Four tiers of
gates were hoisted to the hangers by means of block and tackle ; the fifth tier
of gates remaining in its final position on the wicket girders.
For transversal balance of the dams, concrete was placed in the tension
chord of the horizontal truss for its whole length and extending part of the way
in each of the inclined end posts.
The erection of the turning and wedging machinery was begun by bolting the
various castings to their structural supports on the ground. Holes for these
few bolts had been drilled previous to erection, while the remaining holes were
drilled after assembling. The assembling of shafts, couplings, and gears, and
the placing of the various parts of this machinery was carried on during the
entire period of erection of the dams.
The conduits for the electrical equipment and the various electrical appur-
tenances were put into place as soon as the structural supports were erected,
and this work also continued during almost the entire period of erection of the
structural steel. Motors for the turning machinery, switchboards, etc., located
in the operator's house and in the switchboard house, were erected immedi-
ately after the forms for these houses were removed. These houses were built
as soon as the counterweight block was completed, and the work on the motors
was completed simultaneously with the completion of these houses.
PROGRESS OF THE WORK FOR EACH DAM.
East dam — Gatun. — The first material shipped to the Isthmus was
for the east emergency dam at Gatun, and arrived on the Isthmus on
March 15, 1912. The shipments of material for this dam progressed
slowly; delivery on the Isthmus was not completed until December,
1912.
The assembling of this material was begun about July 1, 1912, and
was practically completed on March 1, 1913. More than 75 per cent
of the material^ however, was assembled by October 1, 1912.
Field riveting for this dam was carried on in a different manner
from that of all the other dams, as the riveting was not begun for
over two months after erection commenced, at which time the con-
tractor had assembled over one-half of the material required. Eivet-
ing progressed at a uniform rate and was practically completed by
February 1, 1913. Five months was required for riveting the prin-
cipal parts of this dam, and two months more for riveting a few
minor parts required for the completion of the dam.
AY est dam — Gatun. — The first shipment of material for the west
emergency dam at Gatun was made about one month later than the
first shipment for the east dam, but tlie shipments were completed at
practically the same time, and delivery of this material at the site
was also completed about December 1, 1912.
Erection began on November 9, 1912, and was practically completed
in five and one-half months, or about March 1, 1913. Kiveting was
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING — FIRST DIVISION. 105
started 20 days after erection beo:an, at which time only about 170
tons of material had been assembled, and the riveting followed the
erection so closely that both were comnleted at about the same time —
May 1,1913.
West dam — Pedro Miguel. — Delivery of material for this dam on
the Isthmus befran on November 1, 1912, and by March 1, 1913, 85
per cent of the material had arrived on tlie site, the remaining 15 per
cent not having been delivered before the end of the fiscal year.
Erection of this dam began on February 1, 1913, and has proceeded
uniformly up to this date, when practically all material received has
been assembled. Riveting began on March 1, 1913, when only about
200 tons of material had been erected, and has progressed at a uni-
form rate. Practically all the riveting was completed by June 1,
1913, or three months after it was begun.
East dam, — Pedro Miguel. — Delivery of material for this dam on
the Isthmus began about December 1, 1912, and 85 per cent had
arrived by March 1, 1913.
Placing the necessary castings on the masonry began on April 1,
1913, and by June 30 over 50 per cent of the material for this dam had
been assembled in the structure and 30 per cent of the riveting had
been completed. From June 1 to June 30 of this year the progress
made in assembling and riveting has been slow on account of the
contractor's shortage of workmen.
EaM and west dams — Mirafores. — Delivery of the material for
these dams began on May 1, 1913, and up to the end of the fiscal
year about 860 tons had been received.
Erection of the east dam began on June 1, 1913, and up to the end
of the fiscal year about 160 tons had been erected.
Erection of the west dam began on June 13, 1913, and up to the
end of the fiscal year 20 tons had been erected.
Riveting has not commenced for either of these dams.
FINAL TESTS OF THE EAST DAM AT GATUN.
For the purpose of adjusting the wedges of the emergency dams
prior to the final tests, the contractor on April 17, 1913, swung the
east dam at Gatun by hand about 10 feet on the rack quadrant with
16 men. On May 3 the dam was swung also by 16 men across the
lock chamber, the wedge-operating machinery being operated by
hand, requiring 6 men. The wicket girders and gates were then
lowered, and all necessary adjustments were made.
On May 20, the contractor began the final tests of this dam, the
total time for closing the dam in the first test being 1 hour 1 minute
and 30 seconds.
After three complete operations of the dam were made, as required
by the contract, the contractor started the second part of the tests,
consisting of operating the turning and wedging machinery for 20
days, at intervals, depending upon the heating of the motors. This
part of the tests was made principally for the purpose of limbering
up the turning and wedging machinery. After completing the sec-
ond part of the tests, three additional complete operations were made
in accordance wath the contract. The last of these tests was made
in 42 minutes and 17 seconds, which is 19 minutes and 13 seconds less
than the time occupied in the first test.
106 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION".
The results of all tests made show that the time used for the actual
operation of the various parts of the dam varies but little for the
different tests, the largest variation beijig in no instance more than
5 seconds. The onl}^ exception to this was the turning of the dam
into position across the lock chamber, the minimum recorded time
for which was 1 minute and 29 seconds and the maximum time 2
minutes and 22 seconds. The reason for the large variation is due
to the necessity for restarting the motors after the limit switch has
been brought into action; this limit switch serving as a safeguard
against faulty operation.
The time recorded for the actual operation of the various parts of
the dam in the last test was as follows :
Minft. Sees.
Drawing wedges 19
Turning dam 1 44
Driving wedges 20
Lowering wicket girders 4 40
Lowering gates No. 1 3 02
Throwing clutches for gate No. 2 49
Lowering gates No. 2 3 25
Throwing clutches for gate No. 3 49
Lowering gates No. 3 3 03
Throwing clutches for gate No. 4 49
Lowering gates No. 4 2 32
Throwing clutches for gate No. 5 49
Lowering gates No. 5 2 02
Total 24 23
As the total time required in bringing the dam into position was,
as stated above, 42 minutes and 17 seconds, the time lost between the
various operations was 17 minutes and 54 seconds. This lost time
can probably be reduced by the employment of skilled workmen in
operating the dam.
The minimum time in which the dam was brought back to its
original position was 1 hour 27 minutes and 59 seconds.
Aros TO Navigation.
This subdivision has been under the immediate charge of Mr.
Walter F, Beyer, assistant engineer, assisted by Mr, Charles Stubner,
supervisor, and the necessary draftsmen, clerk, and field force.
Lieut. A. H. Acher, United States Army, junior engineer, assisted
on this work during part of the year.
The following work was performed during the fiscal year:
Range towers Nos. 13, Pacific division, and 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15,
16, 17, 18, and 27, Gatun Lake section, were completed except that
exterior stair railings must be erected at three of the towers, interior
stair railings set up in one of them, lantern glass set in place in six,
painting done, and permanent lights installed in all the towers.
The towers are of reenforced concrete, as described in the last
annual report, and the heights from base to focal plane vaiy from
28 feet 10 inches to 87 feet 10 inches. Tower No. 2, Gatun Lake
section, which is 87 feet 10 inches from base to focal plane, is located
on the rock fill in the rear of the northerly end of the west wall of
the upper locks at Gatun, In order to secure a good foundation it
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING FIRST DIVISION, 107
was necessary to go down to bed rock. A cylindrical reenforced-con-
crete open-caisson foundation 18 feet external diameter and 15 feet
6 inches internal diameter was sunk to a depth of 65 feet below
grade, after which the caisson was back filled with clay and spoil.
The total concrete in the caisson amounted to 184.5 cubic yards and
the total excavation to 534 cubic yards.
In order to obtain the necessary horizontal distance between the
pairs of towers forming ranges, the front towers, Nos. 3, 5, 11, and 17,
were founded on reenforced-concrete cylinders from 18 to 20 feet
diameter and from 14 to 24 feet high, which, when the water of
Gatun Lake rises to elevation 85 feet will form submarine founda-
tions. Towers Nos. 17 and 18 are shown on plates Nos. 15 and 16.
Three skeleton tower beacons, Nos. 5, 7, and 8, Avhich mark the
edges of the channel between Balboa and Miraflores, were completed.
They are founded on clusters of five concrete piles, and are 12 feet
6 inches square at the base, tapering to 4 feet 4 inches at the top.
The total height of the beacons is 38 feet 4 inches from base to focal
plane. Beacon No. 5 is shown on plate No. 17.
The reenforced-concrete foundation for the beacon at Santa Cruz
was completed. It is 12 feet in diameter and 8 feet high, and when
the water of Gatun Lake rises to elevation 85 feet will be a submarine
foundation.
Eighteen concrete-steel reference and range targets were completed
in the Gatun Lake section. A typical target is shown on plate No. 18.
There will be approximately 32 such targets in the lake region, by
means of which the gas buoys may be located from previously de-
termined angles. At Bohio, Pena Blanca, Caimito, Mamei, Juan
Grande, and Bas Obispo these reference targets also form unlighted
ranges which mark the axes of the short channels at those places.
The reenforced-concrete caisson for the west breakwater light and
fog signal, which was begun in June of the last fiscal year, was com-
pleted up to a height of 25 feet, after which it was sunk at the inner
end of Limon Bay in 20 feet of water, where it will remain until its
riprap foundation at the outer end of the west breakwater has
reached its final settlement. The riprap foundation which was con-
structed in 42 feet of water, by the Atlantic division, is in the form
of a truncated pyramid, the top of which is 22 feet below mean sea
level.
The plans for the west breakwater light and fog signal have been
revised, and the structure as shown on plate No. 87 will supersede the
one shown in last year's annual report. It is expected that work on
this structure will be begun before the next dry season sets in.
An electric-light line was installed from the Aguadulce pumping
station to range towers Nos. 1 and 2, and beacons Nos. 5 and 7,
Pacific division. The line is about 2^ miles long, and consists of
75 three-inch galvanized-iron poles set in concrete foundations, with
the necessary cross arms and insulators to carry two No. 6 copper
wires. Electric lights are exhibited from all the foregoing structures.
A trench was dug and cables were laid from the Miraflores power
station to the rear range tower of range No. 12-13, Pacific division,
about 1,600 feet distant, and temporary electric lights have been in-
stalled in both towers.
108 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Fifty-one concrete buoy sinkers 48 by 48 by 26 inches, and 45, 24 by
24 by 18 inches were fabricated at the Balboa phmt of the li2:ht-
house subdivision and, as that completed all the work contemplated
at this j)lant, work there was discontinued and a new casting plant
established at Gatun, where this subdivision has begun to cast 304
single arm and 207 double arm reenforced concrete lamp brackets,
511 concrete balls and 511 collars for the electrical and mechanical
subdivision of this office. At the close of the fiscal year 30 single
arm and 20 double arm brackets and 69 balls and 49 collars were
completed.
A reenforced concrete wharf 70 feet long and 30 feet wide, adjoin-
ing the small boat landing at Gatun, was built for this subdivision by
the Panama Railroad. This wharf will be used for storing, painting,
and repairing gas and spar buoys belonging to the Gatun Lake
section.
CLEARING AND SURVEYS.
Approximately 250 acres of canal prism from San Pablo to Pena
Blanca, P. I., were cleared of trees and brush by this subdivision for
the central division; and approximately 180 acres of land VNere
cleared of trees in the vicinity of Mamei for the sixth division.
The necessary surveys and reconnaissances in the Gatun Lake
region were made for the construction of range towers, reference
targets, and beacons.
GAS BUOYS,
During the fiscal year a contract was made with the American
Gasaccumulator Co., of Philadelphia, Pa., for furnishing 57 gas
buoys. The contract price was $164,970. All the buoys have been
delivered on the Isthmus, and six of these were placed on their
stations at the Pacific entrance to the canal. These buoy lights were
exhibited for the first time on April 1, 1913.
The Goodyear gas buoy which has been in use at Porto Bello has
been withdrawn from that station, overhauled and painted at Dock
No. 13, and will be permanently placed on station in Limon Bay to
mark a 22-foot shoal spot about halfway between the end of the
west breakwater and Colon.
EQUIPMENT.
Drawings and specifications were prepared and prices asked from
various firms for the following material and supplies :
Cedar logs i-anging in length from 20 to 50 feet, for spar buoys 102
VIQ watt focusing Tungsten lamjis 50
TOO watt focusing Tungsten lamps (which it is estimated will be a year's
supply for all electrically lighted range towers and beacons) 400
-Itb-order range lenses and frames 2
Pressed glass semaphore lenses, 12 inches diameter 36
Pi'essed glass sectors, 120 degrees each 134
Si)herical mirrors for lens lanterns 67
300 mm. lens lanterns for electrically lighted beacons 50
300 mm. lens lanterns for acetylene lighted beacons 5
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING FIRST DIVISION. 109
ILLUMINANTS AND ILLUMINATION.
Experiments were made with Tungsten lamps having a spirally
wound filament concentrating the light source to spheres of one-half
inch for 100- watt and five-eighths inch for 150- watt lamps, and as
these proved successful, that type of lamp will be used throughout
for all electrically lighted range towers and beacons. Experiments
have also been made with special flashing devices and lamp shifters
for electrically lighted towers and beacons, and bids for their manu-
facture will be asked for in the near future.
The candlepowers of the various lights which will be used will be
as follows :
Range No. 5-6, Atlantic section, and No. 1-2, Pacific section, which
mark the sea channels at the Atlantic and Pacific entrances to the
canal, respectively, will be equipped with fourth-order range lenses
and 150 candlepower focusing Tungsten lamps, and each light will
give approximately 300,000 candlepower.
The other ranges marking the various channels throughout the
canal will be equipped with 12-inch semaphore lenses, and in those in
which 100-watt electric lamps are used the resulting candlepower will
be approximately 45,000 candles; those in which 60-watt lamps are
used. 30,000 candlepower. Where it is necessary to use spherical. mir-
rors in conjunction with the lenses the candlepower will be increased
about 35 per cent.
Where 100-watt lamps are used in the beacon-lens lanterns the
resulting candlepower will be approximately 1,200 candlepower, and
with 60-watt lamps about 750 candlepower.
In the range towers equipped with acetylene gas and 12-inch sema-
phore lenses the resulting candlepower will vary from about 12,000
to 21,000, according to the size of burner used.
In the gas buoys and beacons equipped with 300 m. m. lense lan-
terns burning acetylene gas the resulting candlepower will be from
350 to 450, according to the size of burner used.
During the fiscal year fourth-order range lenses were installed in
range No. 1-2, Pacific section, 12-inch semaphore lenses in range No.
12-13, Pacific section, and range No. 5-6, Atlantic section; and 300
m. m. lens lanterns on beacons Nos. 5 and 7, Pacific section. Electric
lights are maintained in all the foregoing for use in connection with
dredging operations.
GENERAL.
In carrying out the work of constructing the range towers and
reference targets in Gatun Lake section, the working forces were
quartered in camps near the several sites, and the material was de-
livered on barges towed by a steam launch. As a number of the
sites are very inaccessible, the handling of material became a very
expensive item in the construction of the structures, in some cases
being in excess of the total cost of labor for construction.
During the fiscal year, general and detail drawings and sketches
were made for the West Breakwater light and fog signal. Range
Tower No. 2, Gatun Lake, submarine foundations for towers Nos. 3, 5,
11, and 17, Gatun Lake section, 300 m. m. lens lanterns for gas and
110
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
electrically lighted beacons, fourth-order range lenses, stair railings,
steel platform for beacons, submarine bells, flashing and occulting de-
vices, etc.
CONTRACTS.
Exhibit 1, attached, is a list of uncompleted contracts which have
been let on specifications prepared by this division.
Respectfully,
H. F. Hodges,
Colonel, Corps of Engineers^ U. S. Army,
Assistant Chief Engineer.
Col. George W. Goethals, United States Army,
Chairman and Chief Engineer, Cidehra, Canal Zone.
Exhibit 1.
List of uncompleted contracts— First (livision, chief engineer's office, as of July
1, 1913.
[Erection or installation performed by contractors.]
Circular
No.
Contractor.
Material.
A— t- d^li^^^e"!
Per cent
erected.
576
616
McClintic-Marshall Construc-
tion Co.
U. S. Steel Products Co
Mitering lock gates
$5,762,615.00
2,243,068.38
100
70
85
Emergency dams
62
[Erection or installation performed by commission. ^
649
650
679
681
695
695
705
705
715
732
732-A
732-A
736
737
752
752
752
765
765
709
United Engineering & Foun-
dry Co.
General Electric Co
....do
....do
.do.
National India Rubber Co.
General Electric Co
Standard Underground Cable
Co.
General Electric Co
H. Krantz Manufacturing Co
General Electric Co
F. Bissell Co.
U. S. Steel Products Co
Earle Gearing & Machine Co.,
U. S. Steel Products Co
.do.
.do.
Mesker Bros. Iron Co
Vulcan RaO & Construction
Co.
U. S. steel Products Co
Chain fenders .
Towing locomotives
Lock control equipment
Motors, pumps, compensa-
tors, and float switches.
1,045,300 feet control wires
and cables.
539,300 feet control wires and
cables.
Electrical equipment for
transformer rooms.
Cable and bells
Hydroelectric station switch-
boards.
Telephono outlet boxes
86,S50 feet control wires and
cables.
135,000 feet control wires and
cables.
Roof steel for control houses.
Guard valve machines
2,000,000 feet copper conduc-
tor wire.
777 towers, double-track span
6, 500 high-tension strain and
suspension insulators.
99 steel doors for entrances to
operating fuimels.
Spillway raOings
40,000 feet triple braid rub-
ber and varnished cambric
cable.
S428,005.00
523,680.00
202, 152. 56
144,522.88
460,868.95
20, 569. 05
237, 194. 50
9, 134. 95
40,339.50
11,477.50
13, 529. 97
6,680.33
11,136.00
26,900.00
132,055.03
437, 002. 50
114,520.00
4,398.00
3,312.00
24,080.00
SPECIAL MILLING MACHINE FOR CORRECTING FIXED IRONS OF RISING STEM
VALVES. MIRAFLORES LOWER LOCK, EAST WALL, LOOKING UPSTREAM.
PLATE 15.
RANGE TOWER NO. 17, GATUN LAKE SECTION, SHOWING SUBMARINE
FOUNDATION.
PLATE 16.
RANGE TOWER NO. 18, GATUN LAKE SECTION.
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APPENDIX B.
REPORT OF LIEUT. COL. WILLIAM L. SIBERT, CORPS OF ENGI-
NEERS, UNITED STATES ARMY, MEMBER OF ISTHMIAN CANAL
COMMISSION, DIVISION ENGINEER, ATLANTIC DIVISION.
Isthmian Canal Commission,
Department of Construction and Engineering,
Atlantic Division, Office of the Division Engineer,
Gatun^ Canal Zone^ July 31, 1913.
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of work
done by the Atlantic division, department of construction and engi-
neering, during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913 :
The work assigned to the division remains as described in the re-
port for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1910, with the exception
that the work of excavating the channel between the Gatun Locks
and the Atlantic Ocean was transferred to the sixth division of the
chief engineer's office on May 1, 1913, and the dry dock and its shops
to the mechanical division on the same date.
The construction work comprised within the division is shown on
the accompanying draAving 12-1-4-40 (plate No. 88), and is divided
into four parts as follows :
First. That comprising procuring and transporting stone from
Porto Beilo ; the construction of the west breakwater in Colon Har-
bor, and the transportation of cement from Cristobal to Gatun;
Lieut. Col. Chester Harding, Corps of Engineers, United States
Army, assistant division engineer, in local charge until February
27, 1913; Lieut. Col. "William V. Judson, Corps of Engineers,
United States Army, assistant division engineer, in local charge
from March 8, 1913, until June 30, 1913.
Second. That comprising the construction of the Gatun Locks,
with the exception of the installation of the gates and machinery,
Maj. James P. Jervey, Corps of Engineers, United States Army,
resident engineer, in local charge.
Third. That comprising the construction of the Gatun Dam and
spillway, Maj. George M. Hoffman, Corps of Engineers, United
States Army, resident engineer, in local charge.
Fourth. That comprising municipal engineering work, Mr. Geo.
M. Wells, office engineer, in local charge.
Division Office.
The usual clerical duties were performed in connection with mis-
cellaneous correspondence, reports, cost accounting, pay rolls, prop-
erty accounting, and other routine papers. The timekeeping work
111
112 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
of the division was transferred to the office of the examiner of ac-
counts on April 1, 1913. The cost accounting work was transferred
to the office of the cost-keeping accountant on the same date.
Division Designing Force.
[Mr. George M. Wells, oflBce engineer, in local charge.]
The following is a summary of the work done by the division
designing force during the fiscal year:
Preparation of drawings to accompany the annual report of the
division engineer for the fiscal year 1912-13.
Studies for permanent dock in Gatun Lake immediately west of
the Panama Railroad station.
Classification of materials in the Gatun Dam.
Studies for the finished slopes and drainage of terreplein adjacent
to the lock walls.
Progress plans and sections of the Gatun Dam.
Construction details of walls and excavation of the north forebay.
Detailed drawings of 66-foot lead-skid pile drivers.
Construction details for 10-foot, 15-foot, and 20-foot highway
bridge spans.
Seventy-five drawings showing construction details for the new
Colon waterworks.
Details of gravel washing and separating plant.
Computations for adjustment of costs for the Colon improvements.
Details of construction for new gate house, Brazos Brook.
Details of construction of 30-foot span concrete footbridge across
the Brazos Brook spillway.
Details of construction of 10,000-gallon concrete wash-water tank
at Agua Clara filtration plant.
Details of construction for building containing Gatun Lake-Brazos
Brook controlling apparatus.
Miscellaneous details of spare and repair parts for miscellaneous
plant.
Studies and preliminary drawings for stnictures involved in the
proposed new waterworks for the southern end of the Panama Canal.
During the year approximately 6,500 blue prints were made.
West Breakwater Quarry.
[Lieut. Col. Chester Harding, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, assistant division
engineer, in local charge until February 27, 1013. Lieut. Col. William V. Judson, Corps
of Engineers, United States Army, assistant division engineer, in local charge from
March 8, 191:5, until June :!0, 1i»i:!.]
The breakwater quarry at Porto Bello was originally being devel-
oped in two benches, each to have a breast of at least 60 feet at the
highest point and an approximate length of 1,700 feet, but on account
of the peculiar formation of the hill it was found there would not be
rock enough on the two lower benches to complete the breakwater.
The development of the tAvo lower benches was, therefore, temporarily
suspended, and in November, 1912, operations were commenced on
the old crushed-rock quarry level, above the two benches last men-
tioned, when one shovel was placed there, and after the first of the
year two more were added. It is expected that by September 1, 1913,
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING ATLANTIC DIVISION. 113
the remainder of the armor rock can be secured from the two lower
levels.
On Aiio:iist 5, 1912, broad-ijaiige equipment was placed in service,
and in October, 1912^ the output was increased from two to three
barges per da3^
The equipment in service at this station for the producing of armor
rock includes three 91-ton Marion steam shovels, one 70-ton Bucyrus
steam shovel, two 300-class locomotives, seven 400-class locomotives,
one 500-class locomotive, four locomotive cranes, and one 70-ton steam
shovel converted into a crane, unloader, plow, and spreader, and 62
Lidgerwood flat cars.
The following is a detailed statement of the work done at Porto
Bello, and the cost, by months, for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1913:
Month.
Monthly
output.
ITnit cost per cubic yard, solid
measurement.
Opera-
tion.
Plant.
TotaL
1912
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913
January
February
March
April
May
Tune
Cu. ydx.
8.678
9,332
8,711
14,313
12,389
16,034
18,383
17, 633
19,321
19,515
19,772
19,681
$2.9141
3.1975
3.2957
2.3755
2.3490
2.9899
2.2395
1.9106
1.9954
2.3696
2.1141
2.4362
.3010
.3010
.3010
.3010
.3010
.3010
.3320
.3320
.3320
.3320
.3320
.3320
$3.2151
3.4985
3.5967
2.6765
2.6500
2.3909
2.5715
2. 2426
2.3274
2.7016
2.4461
2.7682
Average cost of armor rock per ton for the year, $1.1939.
About 60 per cent of quarry output is Avasted in procuring pieces
of suitable size.
WATER TRANSPORTATION.
In connection with this service the plant steamed about 24,250
miles, handled about 1,650 barges, and carried approximately 22,500
passenfifers.
From March 1, 1913, to May 22, 1913, about 3,220,000 gallons of
water were hauled from Mindi to Toro Point.
Regidarly employed in the transportation service are one tug and
seven stone barges, while others are available in case of breakdown
or necessity for repairs.
West Breakwater, Colon.
During the year 599 linear feet of single-track trestle were built,
the totariength of double or single trestle being now 11,526 feet.
The total amount of Porto Bello armor rock placed on the break-
water was 183,762 cubic yards, of which 102,508 cubic yards were
removed from barges to Lidgerwood cars by locomotive cranes and
plowed off. The balance was placed by derrick barges, and by self-
11834°— 13 8
114
EEPORT ISTHMIAN" CANAL COMMISSIOISr.
dumping barge (225 yards). At the end of the fiscal year 248,895
cubic yards o¥ armor rock were in place. About 220,433 cubic yards
of dredged rock were dumped on the breakwater.
For more than half the length of the breakwater the sea slope is
completed, and the armor is well above the water surface from end to
end, not including the ell.
A small pile wharf was built for the handling of rock by cranes,
and 3,000 cubic yards of sand were dredged by derrick barge for the
barge berth.
The usual maintenance work was done on pipe lines, reservoir, and
sewers.
The plant in service includes 3 locomotive cranes, 2 locomotives,
16 Lidgerwood cars, 1 unloader, 1 plow, 1 pile driver, and 2 derrick
barges. A third derrick barge is approaching completion.
The following table shows details of costs of quarry operation,
water transportation, and placing of large rock in the breakAvater :
Comparative statement — Porto Bello large rock.
1912
July.
August.
September.
October.
November.
December.
Quarrying:
$0. 7505
.1841
.3739
.1888
.1833
.4540
.1848
.1919
.4028
.3010
$0. 5348
.1521
.3145
.1804
.2009
.4756
.2791
.1755
.8846
.3010
$0. 7437
.1817
.3929
.1723
.1391
.0818
.7127
.1891
.6824
.3010
$0.4649
.1287
.2255
.1064
.0978
.4037
. 1621
.1256
.6608
.3010
$0. 5729
. 1298
.3063
.1182
.1105
.4287
.1787
.0930
.4109
.3010
$0.3588
.0794
.2241
.1114
.1223
Tracks
.3418
.1572
.1194
Maintenance of equipment
Plant arbitrars'
.5755
.3010
Total
3.2151
3. 4985
3.5967
2.6765
2.6500
2.3909
Towing:
Operation tugs and barges
Maintenance of equipment
Plant arbitrary
.6324
.2731
.4040
.3720
.2153
.4040
.4687
.2189
.4040
.3089
.3664
.4040
.3405
.4454
.4040
.2504
.1372
.4040
Total
1.3095
.9913
1.0916
1.0793
1. 1899
.7916
Placing large rock — Toro
Point:
Operation floating der-
.7593
.0966
.2506
.1175
.1253
.2658
.1641
.6639
.1707
.3429
.2048
. 0349
.2875
.1640
.5583
. 1679
.3778
.1798
.0327
.4411
.1640
.2915
.4913
.2755
.1324
.0274
.4570
.1640
.3708
.1490
.2850
.1710
.0218
.2738
.1640
.2614
Maintenance floating der-
.0904
Operation cranes on dock..
.2569
.1390
.0161
Maintenance of equipment
Plant arbitrary
.3343
.1640
Total
.9496
1.0161
1.0392
.9936
.8156
.7382
.3490
.3303
.3161
.3271
.3191
.1938
5.8232
5.8362
6. 0436
5.0765
4. 9746
4. 1145
Miscellaneous tug ser\'ice.
.2006
.0390
.3911
.6340
.1569
.0569
.2293
.6422
.0854
.0765
.2412
.2106
.1545
.1079
.1934
.5208
. 0833
Maintenance, equipment,
.0411
Tre^tlas
.7612
.4688
.1680
Administration and gen-
.4021
Total
7.0532
7.1009
7. 1289
5.6902
5.9512
4. 8090
8,678
9,3.32
8,711
14,313
12,389
16,034
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING ATLANTIC DIVISION. 115
ComparaMve statement — Porto Bella large rock — Continued.
1913
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
June.
Quarrying:
$0. 2955
.1026
.2440
.1249
.1385
.2170
.1365
.1182
.8623
.3320
80. 3179
.1370
.2375
.1111
.1294
.2436
.1475
.1233
.4633
.3320
$0. 3327
.0907
.1674
.1301
.1580
.3756
.1480
.0918
.5011
. 3320
$0. 3562
.0814
.1468
.1104
.1271
.4831
.1521
.1144
.7981
. 3320
$0. 3363
.0514
.2034
. 1270
.1658
.4736
.1599
.1156
.4811
.3320
$0. 4177
.1014
.1266
.1246
.1613
.3714
Loading on barges
.2225
.1344
Maintenance o f equipment
Plant arbitrary
.7763
.3320
Total
2.5715
2.2426
2.3274
2. 7016
2. 4461
' 2. 7682
Towing:
Operation tugs and barges.
Maintenance of equipment
Plant arbitrary
.1599
.0570
.3840
.2912
.2516
.3840
.1573
.0681
.3840
.2907
.1456
.3840
.2883
.0420
.3840
.2558
.1797
.3840
Total
.6009
.9268
.6094
.8203
.7143
.8195
Placing large rock — Tore
Point:
Operation floating der-
.3750
.0473
.2304
.1220
.0133
.2142
.1500
.3369
.1435
.2487
.1260
.0101
.3206
.1500
.2976
.4954
.2680
.1241
.0124
.1284
.1500
.3779
.3668
.2733
.1164
.0138
.1642
.1500
.3970
.0316
.3354
.1391
.0277
.2152
.1500
.3692
Maintenance floating der-
.2638
Operation cranes on dock .
.3242
.0928
.0261
Maintenance of equipment
Plant arbitrary
.1500
Total
.6697
.7753
.7799
.7836
.6954
.8038
Division expense
.1487
.1400
.0897
.1658
.1553
.1900
3. 9908
4. 0847
3.8064
4.4713
4.0110
4.5815
Miscellaneous tug service. .
Maintenance, equipment,
.0782
.0281
.0823
.3855
.0620
.0542
.1110
.4244
.0499
.0244
.1236
.3748
.0522
.0316
.1081
.4208
.0593
.0004
.0732
.3464
.0409
.0082
Trestles
.1008
Administration and gen-
eral expense
.3137
Total
4.5649
4. 7363
4.3791 1 5.0840
4.4904
5.0451
18,383
17,633
19,321
19,515
19,772
19,681
1 Cost per solid yard of rock suitable for armoring breakwater, 60 per cent of rock handled wasted on
account of size.
Gatun Locks.
[Maj. James P. Jervey, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, resident engineer, in
local charge.]
EXCAVATION.
At the beginning of the fiscal year 1912-13 all excavation necessary
for the construction of the locks proper had been completed, and the
excavation north of the north caisson sills necessary for the construc-
tion of the flare walls and middle approach wall was well under way.
As described in the report for the year 1911-12, this material was too
soft to support steam shovels, and the work was done by dredges cut
in from the sea-level section of the canal. During the fiscal year a
total of 384,526 cubic yards was taken out at a cost of 47.09 cents per
cubic yard. This cost, as previously stated, includes a proportional
cost of the reenforced concrete dam at the north end of the locks, of
the Mindi Levee, and of plant. A part of the material removed
extended to a depth of TO feet below sea level, and as the dredges
116 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION".
could only excavate to a depth of 41 feet, it was necessary to lower
the level of the pool in which floated the dredges in order to com-
plete the excavation. This lowering of the pool level was accom-
plished by building a clay dam across the channel through which the
dredges had entered the excavation pit, and then loAvering the water
by pumping it out with the dredges. (See plate No. 89, showing plan
or construction, north end of Gatun Locks.) The pool level was
regidated by the discharge water from the regular pumping plant
in the locks and by a supply furnished by an additional l:2-inch pump
which was installed near the east diversion. The excavation for the
flare walls was extended behind such walls, as shoAvn on plate referred
to above, until the dredges encountered bedrock before the water was
lowered sufficiently to cause the banks to slide.
This excavation was made wide enough for the flare walls, for a
rock fill of sufficient width to act as a retaining wall as the water
was lowered, and for the cableway tracks. A trestle, using shod
piles, was driven into the soft rock from which the overlving mud
had been dredged, and a rock fill paralleling the foundations of the
flare walls was made from this trestle. As the dredges Avere low-
ered in order to complete the excavation, the rock fill was extended
as fast as the underlying bedrock was uncovered. By this means
all serious sliding into the excavation for the flare walls was pre-
vented. The extreme depth to rock on the east side of the excava-
tion prevented a continuation of this method for the approach wall.
This latter wall was in the center of the excavation, where the
dredges made a cut 110 feet wide at 55 feet below sea level. The
side slopes, from this maximum depth, were stepped up on a 1 on
5 slope, in the hope that the banks would remain stable, it being
intended to extend the cableway tracks for the full length of the
north approach wall provided the banks were sufficiently firm to
carry them. When the dredging was completed a slope of 1 on 13
existed in places on the east side of the excavation, and after the
slide of January 25, 1913, at some points the slope Avas flattened
to 1 on 20. The final dredging was completed in November, 1912,
the dredges floating as low as 32 feet below sea level. The exca-
vated space was then filled from the sea, the clay dam removed, a
dipper dredge and one suction dredge taken out, and dredge No. 83^
a pump barge, and two coal barges left inside the excavated space.
The clay dam was then rebuilt and the final unwatering commenced.
The dredge was successfully grounded Avithoiit ]:)articular diff.culty,
at 55 feet below sea level. Two steam shovels were then put to
work over that portion of the center wall foundation where rock
appeared. These shovels also accomplished channel excavation on
the west side where the material was sufficiently firm to su])port
them. The channel excavation and preparing foundations were
continued by shovel, crane, cableways, and by hand successfully, and
the pile foundation for the approach wall was about half completed
when, on January 25, 1913, the east bank gave way, at point marked
" C " on plate No. 89, and a slide covered the greater part of the foun-
dation for the approach wall with mud from G to 18 feet deep and
destroyed two ]:»ile drivers. (See photograph, plate No. 19.) In order
to remove this mud it was necessary to drive a pile trestle to rock
for supporting a crane along the axis of the approach wall. The
mud brought in by the slide was removed partly by crane, partly
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGlNEEfiING — ATLANTIC DIVISION. 117
by hand, and partly by sluicing and pumping with dredge No. 83.
The entire foundation was finally cleared in March, 1913. This
slide caused a delay of approximately six weeks in the completion
of the north center approach wall, and rendered it impossible to
utilize the cableways for the entire length of this wall.
PILING.
In order to drive the piles for the north approach wall, it was
necessary to construct four turntable skid drivers with 60-foot leads.
To assist in the construction of these drivers a guy derrick was
erected on the center wall near the lower guard gates. The drivers
were completed in December, 1912, and commenced work driving
piles for the center approach wall. The four drivers continued work
until January 25, 1913, when two of them were destroyed by the
slide referred to above. The work of driving was delayed for four
weeks and then resumed with the two skid drivers and one track
driver. This work was completed in March, 1913. Five thousand
piles, aggregating 200,549 linear feet, were driven at a total division
cost of 55.04 cents per foot. In addition to the round piles, 5,657
feet of sheet piling were driven under the curtain wall which closes
the first six spans of the north center approach wall.
CONCRETE WORK.
At the begining of the fiscal year the total amount of concrete in
place was 1,875,965 cubic yards. A recalculation of the amount to
be placed by the Atlantic division increased the estimate to a total
of 2,043,730 cubic yards. This increase was due to the fact that a
continuous bottom slab was placed under the piers of the north
center approach wall, and the north flare walls were carried to a
lower level than expected. The total of 170,280 cubic yards of con-
crete which was mixed by mixer No. 1, portable mixers, and by
hand was distributed as follows :
Placed in the locks proper (plain concrete) 137,218
Placed in the locks proper (reenforced concrete) 27,532
Used in the construction of lamp-posts, lamp-post bases, and snnbbing-
button bases 1, 900
Placed in control house 568
Used for concrete paving of back fill between the upper locks and the
Panama Railroad station 139
Total, Atlantic division work 167, 357
Mixed concrete supplied to the first division 1, 375
Supplied to first division for emergency dams 1,548
Total mixed by locks subdivision 170, 280
The grand total placed by the locks subdivision and applying on
locks masonry to the end of the fiscal year is 2,040,715 cubic yards.
In the summer of 1912 it was estimated that the concrete work
for the Gatun Locks proper would be completed by July 1, 1913, pro-
vided there were no uftforeseen delays. As previously stated, the
slide of January 25, 1913, caused a delay of about six weeks. The
concrete work, excepting miscellaneous finishing, was, however, com-
pleted on June 14, 1913. The concrete remaining to be placed at the
close of the fiscal year consisted of a few lamp-post bases, snubbing-
118 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSIOK.
button bases, mooring-post bases, stair-well parapets, paving, and
the concrete necessary to close a few openings which have been left
for construction purposes. In addition to this concrete, the Atlantic
division is completing the concrete work for the first division con-
nected with the towing and return tracks on the north center
approach and north flare walls.
As the slide of January 25 rendered it impracticable to extend
the cableway tracks north of the end of the north flare walls, it be-
came necessary to devise auxiliary means for placing the concrete
in the remainder of the north center approach wall. After con-
siderable thought, it was decided to construct the bottom or founda-
tion slab for this work by delivering the concrete with the cableways
into a hopper placed at the bottom of the excavation. From this
hopper the concrete was delivered into 4-yard Western dump cars,
which were hauled out by steam locomotives over a narrow-gauge
framed trestle, supported by the foundation piles, along the longi-
tudinal axis of the wall. From this trestle the concrete was dumped
to the east and west, completing approximately three-fourths of the
foundation. The track was then shifted to the top of the completed
concrete, the trestle was removed, and the remaining space in the
center filled. The bottom slab was heavily reenforced with old
French rails and unserviceable American, rail. This reenforcement
extended continuously, both longitudinally and transversely, through
the foundation, a layer being placed near the top and another near
the bottom of the slab. After a section of the bottom slab was
completed, two locomotive cranes, with 70-foot wooden booms, which
were designed and constructed at Gatun, were placed on a standard
gauge track laid along the longitudinal axis of the wall, on the
foundation slab. As the lower portions of the piers consisted of
detached parts, each 10 feet by 18 feet in cross section, connected at
the top by a full-centered arch, it was possible to run these cranes
freely up and down for the full length of the wall. The long booms
of the cranes rendered possible the construction of the piers to full
height in an economical and rapid manner.
After the completion of the piers one of the same cranes was used
for placing the steel girders which support the decking for the tow-
ing and return tracks. The heaviest of these girders exceed 5 tons
in weight. (See photograph, plate No. 20.)
The decking, as far north as the end of the flare walls, was placed
directly by the cableways. Beyond the limits which could be reached
by the cableways, it was placed with narrow-gauge steam equipment
in a manner similar to that used in the construction of the founda-
tion slab, the tracks being supported on the permanent girders. The
use of two small electric hoists, designed and constructed by the
locks forces and driven by 7^ horsepower motors taken from the
automatic cars, greatly expedited and cheapened the placing of the
heavy timbers for supporting the decking forms.
Tlie average division cost for the year, for taking concrete ma-
terial from storage, mixing, and placing in the lock walls, including
plant charge, has been as follows:
Cost per
cubic yard.
Forms $0.8416
Mixing . 2399
Placing and finishing .5847
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEEEING ATLANTIC DIVISION. 119
Cost per
cubic yard.
Reeuforcemeut $0.0075
Pumps .0814
Power .0697
Maiutenauce of equipment .2144
Plant arbitrary .7730
Division expense . i^go
Total 2.9504
Mixing includes a haul of 2,000 feet and a lift of 63 feet for practically all
of the concrete placed.
Attached are given comparative costs of concrete for the year.
It may be noted that the entire cost of the transportation plant,
unloading plant, concrete mixing and placing plant, has been
absorbed and charged against the construction of the Gatun Locks.
Comparative statement o/ costs — Locks masonry.
MASS.
1912
July.
August.
September.
October.
November.
December.
Concrete (cubic yards)
3,735
3,222
1,926
2,685
5,114
4,043
Cement
$2. 1120
1.7641
.6832
.5499
.1542
.3696
.9324
.2082
$1.9304
1.8648
.6920
.9035
$1. 5537
1. 5759
.6947
1.2632
$1.3733
1. 2810
.5995
1.6778
$1. 3265
1.5921
.5781
2. 5876
$1.3884
1.8371
.6308
1. 8776
Sand
Wood forms
Steel forms
.3327
.5764
.0366
.6469
2.2071
.2178
.8430
1.3668
.3069
.6144
.8366
.1891
.6768
.8408
.4246
Finishmg
Reen forcemeats
.0763
.0820
.2755
.9380
.2104
.0719
.0840
.2463
.9377
.3468
.1513
.2233
.6020
.9380
.4126
.1130
.1892
.7312
.9380
.5529
.1187
.1181
.5506
.9380
.3971
.5059
.1824
.0360
Power
Maintenance of equipment —
Division expense
.2196
Total division cost
Administration and general
expense
8. 0474
.4748
7.9499
.8629
10. 4865
1. 1570
9. 9726
1.9543
9. 8469
1. 1801
9. 5580
.8510
Total cost
8. 5222
8. 8128
11. 6435
11.9269
11.0270
10.4090
1913
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
June.
Concrete (cubic yards)
28, 689
30, 680
33,424
18,501
5,634
96
Cement
$1.2807
1.9956
.6110
.5527
$1.3192
2.0328
.6205
.6487
$1.2612
1. 4369
.3770
.6386
.0016
.1594
.2985
.0720
.0201
.0584
.0458
.1641
.9380
.0616
$1. 2437
1. 6802
.3011
.9911
$1.2160
1. 5301
.2756
1.3349
$1.9532
Stone
Sand
.7406
.2850
9. 0955
Wood forms
Steel forms
Mixing
.1248
.2905
.0689
.0084
.0616
.0623
.1732
.9380
.0796
.1707
.2777
.0728
.0017
.0460
.0477
.1629
.9380
.0700
.2608
.6676
.1001
.0035
.0523
.0661
.3025
.3901
.8561
.2161
Placing
1.3762
Finishmg
Reenforcements
12. 4418
Pumps
.2381
.1087
.1741
Power
.0996
Maintenance of equipment
Plant arbitrary
4.1485
Division expense
.1818
.3263
Total division cost
Administration and general
expense
6. 2473
.2696
6.4087
.2072
5.5300
.2640
5.8508
.3244
6. 6661
.7734
26. 1539
.4273
Total cost
6.5169
6.6159
5.7940
6. 1752
7.4395
26. 5812
120 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CAiSTAL COMMISSION.
Comparative statement of costs — Locks masonry — Continued.
REENFORCED,
1912
July.
August.
September.
October.
November.
December.
Concrete placed (cubic yards).
4,358
4,164
1,236
567
915
1,049
Cement
$2. 2758
2.2910
.6678
.5124
2.4981
.0137
1.0726
.7113
.1272
.3199
.9380
.4621
$2. 2476
1.9081
.5728
.4608
2.4280
.0019
.9663
.3570
.1202
.2858
.9382
.3584
$2. 2391
1. 4552
.5897
.4735
2.7802
$1.6114
1.2774
.6594
1.4188
7.5541
$1.5117
1. 1808
.5647
.8602
3.4310
$2. 1506
Stone
.9508
Sand
.6187
.7976
3.6257
1.9922
1.2592
.0495
.3781
.9380
.4951
2. 5873
2. 3664
.2573
1.1458
.9380
1.3472
2.3539
.0372
.1340
1.0072
.9380
.4876
3.2531
Reenforcements
.0193
.1579
Maintenance of equipment
. 7013
.9380
.6706
Total division cost
Administration and general
expense
11.8899
.9891
10.6451
1.0727
12.6498
1.4407
21.1631
3.3904
12.5063
1.2886
13. 8836
2. 1579
Total cost
12.8790
11.7178
14.0905
24.5535
13.7949
16.0415
1913
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
June.
Concrete placed (cubic yards) .
101
1,504
2,466
6,390
4,782
Cement
$1.8812
.3285
.6096
1.52-29
43.2581
.2247
6.3826
1. 4572
.3224
$1.3049
1.4068
.3969
.1078
2. 1337
$1.8704
1.6663
.2997
.1571
5.5931
$1.8750
1.5295
.2760
.1797
3.3832
$1.8734
Stone
.7441
Sand
.2864
.2697
2.0708
Placing . .
.4802
2. 0600
.0101
.5303
.5247
.9380
.2198
.8878
.7156
.0146
.2013
.1398
.5960
.3590
.0091
.0418
.2451
.5471
.0536
.1646
.0002
Maintenance of equipment
.7654
.9380
2.0437
.2088
.3363
.3020
.3404
Total division cost
56. 2391
5.6483
10.1132
1.0669
11.8820
1.3838
8. 7964
.8169
6. 5591
Administration and general
.9781
Total cost
61.8874
11.1801
13.2658
9.6133
7. 5372
CONCRETE MATERIAL.
During the year a total of 171,8GG cubic yards of crushed stone was
issued from the storage pile. Forty-three thousand eight hundred
and fifty-one cubic yards of sand were unloaded on the storage pik'.
and 85,452 cubic yards were issued for concrete. Two hundred and
twenty-five thousand barrels of cement in bags have been received
and 227,000 barrels issued.
UNLOADING PLANT.
During the year the unloading cableways have been used princi-
pally for reclaiming sand and rock for concrete purposes and for
loacling rock for sale to outside parties. The sand supplied from
suction dredge, amounting to 10,883 cubic yards, was handled by the
cableways from barges and placed in storage pile.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING ATLANTIC DIVISION. 121
HANDLING AND MLXING PLANT.
The handling and mixing plants have been operated satisfactorily
during the year. The automatic railroad has handled 301.381.08
tons of material and the industrial railway 331,188 tons. Mixing
plant No. 1 has mixed a total of 165,594 cubic yards of concrete. In
addition to the concrete mixed in plant No. 1 there were mixed by
portable mixer 2,742 yards and by hand 1,944 yards, making a total
of 170,280 cubic yards of concrete mixed by the locks subdivision.
GATE ERECTION.
The work of the Atlantic division in connection with the gate erec-
tion consisted in setting the fixed steel for the sills, quoins, and an-
chorages and in preparing the necessary storage grounds, erection
tracks, etc., for the erection of the gates. The tracks connected with
the gate construction have been kept in repair during the year.
FIXED STEEL.
The erection of fixed steel during tlie year included the placing of
material for Stoney gate valves, snubbing posts, anchorage bolts, and
steel girders, towing and return tracks, etc. A total of 2,446i tons
of fixed steel has been placed at a cost of $16.0204 per tonf All
Stoney gate valves have been turned over to the first division for
installation of the machinery.
BACK FILL.
Back filling behind the side walls of all locks and in the center wall
of the lower lock has been continued during the year. The back fill
m all center walls has been completed. That on the east side walls
is practically completed, but the west back fill can not be entirely
completed until the concrete mixing plant and the incline leading
thereto have been removed. In connection with the back-fill work
a total of 637,226 cubic yards of material was removed by steam
shovel from borrow pits and from the canal prism. All of this ma-
terial was placed in the back fill with the exception of small quan-
tities used from time to time for construction tracks. A total of
2,02 (.830 cubic yards, at an average cost of 50.40 cents per cubic
yard, has been placed behind the side walls up to June 30, 1913, and
a total of 113,163 cubic yards has been placed in the center walls
at a cost of 81.08 cents per cubic yard. In addition, 5,500 cubic vards
excavated by dredge No. 4 were dumped as back fill.
The work of bringing the back fill to final grade was commenced
m the month of March, 1913, by teams and scrapers and continued
to the end of the fiscal year. Grading for the proposed wagon road
on the east back fill was commenced early in June by crane and
scraper and continued to the end of the month. About 1,500 cubic
yards of material were excavated by this method and placed at other
points on the back fill.
The concrete paving of the slope on the fill between the Panama
Kailroad station and the east wall of the upper locks was commenced
on June 24, and 125 square yards of surface had been finished up to
June 30. The paving of this slope consists of a layer of heavy riprap
122 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION".
rock 12 feet wide at the bottom, and above the elevation of this rip-
rap a 6-inch concrete pavement resting on 4 to 6 inches of broken
stone. A locomotive crane, equipped with a long boom, is utilized to
place the concrete from track at the crest of the slope.
MISCELLANEOUS WORK.
Two hundred and eighty-four thousand seven hundred and eighty-
four and one-half linear feet of tile duct were laid at a cost of 11.77
cents per foot.
Four hundred and thirty-three thousand seven hundred and thirty-
seven linear feet of reenforcing rods and 683 tons of old rails were
used for reenforcing concrete.
Four thousand three hundred and fifty-eight linear feet of return
track were constructed.
Two thousand four hundred and thirty linear feet of buffer tim-
bers were placed.
Two hundred and eleven lamp standards and bases were manu-
factured at a cost of $149.4299 per lamp-post. This cost, however,
includes a part of the cost of erection, as the majority of the lamp-
post bases and foundations for these bases were constructed by the
Atlantic division in place.
CONTROL HOUSE.
The construction of the control house for the Gatun Locks was
started in April, 1913. The concrete for this building is being mixed
in a small portable mixer, and is lifted to the upper elevation by an
(jlectric hoist and then distributed horizontally by Decauville cars.
On July 1 the three floors and the Avails for the first and second
stories of the building had been completed, at a total cost of
$20,287.51.
POWER PLANT.
The operation of the power plant during the year has been satis-
factory.
The total production of electrical energy was 10,315,790 kilowatt
hours, at a cost of 1.46 cents per kilowatt hour.
The average fuel consumption was 0.00733 barrels of oil per kilo-
watt hour.
In computing the cost of electrical energy, the entire cost of ma-
chinery and building in the Gatun power plant is being absorbed.
In view of the fact that it is probable that this plant may be used
for a year or more to come, and possibly will remain in permanent
use in connection with the operation of the canal, it is believed that
a credit should be given the lock-construction plant for the cost of
the building and a proportional share of the cost of the machinery.
Gatun Dam and Spillway.
[Maj. George M. Hofifman, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, resident engineer,
in local charge.]
GATUN DAM.
Construction during the year increased the embankment by
1,967,841 cubic yards, making the total net fill in place 21,786,820
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING — ATLANTIC DIVISION. 123
cubic yards. Reductions from car and borrowpit measurement were
made, amounting: to 28.5 per cent, or 784,835 cubic 3'ards, to allow for
consolidation and waste; so that the gross amount of material handled
amounts to 2,752,676 cubic yards. Of the amount placed this year,
1,714,367 cubic yards was dry fill, 169,004 cubic yards was wet fill,
and 84,470 cubic yards was broken stone and heavy riprap, used for
paA'ing the lake side slope. To complete the embankment in accord-
ance with the approved plan will require the placing of about 220,000
cubic yards.
Statement of the progress of construction by fiscal years is as
follows, showing the dam to be 99 per cent completed :
Embankment in place.
Year.
Dry flU.
Wet flU.
Paving
material.
Total.
Prior to July 1, 1908
Cubic yards.
462,297
1,781,325
2, 577, 234
2, 060, 186
2,982,859
1,714,367
Cubic yards.
Cubic yards.
Cubic yards.
462, 297
1908-9
720, 047
2,933,075
3,758,870
2,543,086
169, 004
2,501,372
1909-10
5, 510, 309
1910-11
5, 819, 056
1911-12
5, 525, 945
1912-13
84, 470
1,967,841
Total
11,578,268
10,124,082
84,470
21,786,820
On the basis of net embanlmient the cost for the fiscal year is
44.62 cents per cubic yard, and for the period since the beginning of
construction the cost of same is 39.14 cents per cubic yard.
In calculating the above amounts of material in place, the surface
of reference is that shown by original elevations taken on 50-foot
squares over the foundation of the dam. Due, however, to the com-
pression of the underlying strata, an excess amount of material has
iDeen required to be handled, estimated at 1,600,000 cubic yards. A
further great increase in material required to be handled, estimated at
4,000,000 cubic yards, was caused by wasting through the drain pipes
a large percentage of the clayey parts of the hydraulic fill considered
too soft for the purpose intended. Normal losses due to consolida-
tion, clay naturally carried in suspension, and leakage from pipe
joints accounts for a further amount of 1,167,985 cubic yards, making
a total of 6,767,985 cubic yards handled but not included in the figures
of embankment in place. Place measurement of material handled is
shown by fiscal years in the following table :
Material for embankment.
Period.
Dry and
paving
rock.
Wet.
Total.
Prior to July 1, 1908
Cubic yards.
541,066
1,425,060
2,061,787
2,726,094
3, 012, 370
2,259,531
Cubic yards.
Cubic yards.
541,066
2, 225, 112
5,791,970
8,457,990
8,785,991
2, 752, 676
1908-9
800, 052
3,730,183
5,731,896
5,773,621
493, 145
1909-10
1910-11
1911-12
1912-13
Total
12,025,908
16, 528, 897
28,554,805
124 RiSPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
On the basis of material handled the cost for the fiscal year is 31.90
cents per cubic yard, and for the period since the beginning- of con-
struction the cost is 29.86 cents per cubic yard.
To check the amount of embankment in place, four complete cross-
section surveys of the dam have been made, one in 1910, two in 1911,
and one in 1912. No complete survey was made this fiscal year, but
partial cross sections were run monthly until February, from which
material placed was calculated. For the following months car and
borrow pit measurement has been accepted.
The dam has been carried to the full construction grade for the
entire length except at two places where a lower level obtains of
barely sufficient width to accommodate construction tracks. Con-
struction grade is 105 feet above sea level plus from 4 to 5 feet to
allow for consolidation. Some additional material may be required
in the future to maintain full grade. To provide for the placing of
this, permanent tracks will be left running up the north slope and
thence along the top of the dam, both east and west of the spillway.
Levels have been nni monthly over the regular construction hubs
driven on both slopes about 250 feet apart parallel to the axis and
about 100 feet apart transverse thereto. Since the completion of the
hydraulic fill the data thus obtained shows an extremely slow rate of
consolidation considering that the embankment rises to 110 feet above
sea level, that- material below sea level for a depth of 200 feet in
places is compressible, and that the hydraulic fill near the axis, com-
posed of the finer and more impervious material, was comparatively
soft when the red clay extension to the top of the dam was made.
Along the completed slopes the percentage of shrinkage is much less
than generally obtains in ordinary embankments, probably due to the
large percentage of rock in the dry fill and the great tamping effect
of the hea^y trains used in construction.
On Augiist 29, 1912, while the hydraulic fill was still under way
and the slopes were thoroughly saturated by seepage water, a move-
ment of material occurred near the west end of the dam on the north
slope. Here rock foundation is found above sea level and a slope of
1 : 5 had first been adopted, later changed to 1 : T.67, but the reenforce-
ment thus provided had just been started on the lower part of the
slope below the 60-foot contour. A heavy fill was at once made along
the foot of the section affected extending well out on to several small
hills; the slope was then completed to the adopted grade and the
embankment built up 30 feet liigher to the top without any further
movement after September 2.
Wash borings, located as shown on the general plan, Gatun Locks
and Dam, plate No. 90, have been made to determine the condi-
tion of the material as to solidity and water-tightness, the line of
demarcation between wet and dry fills, and the present elevation of
the original surface. The holes Avere cased throughout with 2 J -inch
pipe and drive samples were obtained at intervals of 5 to 10 feet and
filed in boxes. That portion of the sample affected by the wash
water was rejected, so that the portion preserved shoAvs the actual
condition of the material in place. From time to time the casing
was filled with water and the rate of lowering recorded, and in addi-
tion to this indication of water-tightness the point at which lowering
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING— ATLANTIC DIVISION. 125
ceased was in some cases obtained. In driving the If-inch barrel for
a sample the number of blows of a lOO-pound weight fallino- 3 feet
required for various penetrations were counted as an indication of
the solidity of the material. A few repeat holes were drilled after
periods up to a year, showing marked improvement in the sol'iditv
of the softer portions of the hydraulic fill. Plate No. 91 is a section
of the dam showing the limits of dry and wet fills, and plate No 92
shows the progress of construction bv fiscal years
Dry fill deposited was received 'as follows, quantities beino- in
accordance with car measurement :
Locality.
Borrow pits
Locks
Balboa (earth).
Total
Cubic
yards.
2, 135, 753
30, 981
4,369
2, 171, 103
Allowance of 456,736 cubic yards, or 21 per cent of the above
malves the net amount m place 1,714,367 cubic yards '
The cost of net dry fill in place for the fiscal year was 40.84 cents
per cubic yard, and for the yardage handled in the same period the
cost was 32.25 cents per cubic yard. For all the net dry fill in place
the cost was 44.95 cents per cubic yard, and for the total yardage
handled to date the cost was 43.55 cents per cubic yard
Practically all the material for dry fill came from the main borrow
pit beyond the west end of the dam and from other borrow pits north
of the dam and m the vicinity of the locks. From two to six steam
shovels ha^;e been engaged m excavating this material, their output
being as lollows: ^
July
August
September..
October. . . .
November..
December. .
January..
February.
March
April
May
June
Total.
1913.
Earth.
Cubic yards
87, 354
140, 879
163, 125
194,218
164, 479
104, 270
64,709
45, 155
75, 208
68, 969
50,074
71, 842
1, 236, 282
Rock.
Cubic yards.
174,854
132, 843
96,440
118,659
58, 815
96,966
78, 920
47, 170
21, 165
36,941
33, 771
26, 333
Total.
Cubic yards
262, 208
273, 722
259, 565
312, 877
223, 294
201, 236
143, 029
92,325
96, 373
105, 910
89, 845
98, 175
Output per shovel—
Per day. Per month.
922,877 2,159,159
Cubic yards.
1,929
2,028
1,938
1,993
1,744
1,649
1,842
1, 232
1, 580
1,961
1,728
1,964
' 1, 829
Cubic yards.
50, 135
54, 744
40,517
53, 944
41,785
41,232
47, 873
28, 320
39, 497
52, 955
44,923
49,087
1 46, 354
1 Average for the year.
126
EEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Wet fill was pumped into the dam. by three pipe-line dredges work-
ing in borrow pits upward of 1^ miles distant, the maximmn lift
being 100 feet. For the longer j^ipe lines and higher lifts two relay
pumps were inserted in the discharge line to assist the dredges.
Material handled by borrow-pit measurement was as follows:
Dredge
No. 83.
Dredge
No. 85.
Dredge
No. 86.
Total.
1912.
July
August
September.
Total.
Cubic yards,
11(3, 156
68,059
Cubic yards.
66, 959
55,869
Cubic yards.
66, 135
28, 367
91,600
Cubic yards.
249, 250
152, 295
91,600
122, 828
186, 102
493, 145
Measured in place in the dam, wet fill shows a loss of 324,141
cubic yards, or 65.8 per cent, due to waste through drain pipes, leak-
age from pipe joints, and consolidation. The net wet fill, therefore,
amounted to 169,004 cubic yards.
The cost of the above wet fill, on the basis of net embankment in
place, was 32.19 cents per cubic yard; and on the basis of yardage
handled the cost was 11.03 cents per cubic yard. For the total com-
pleted wet fill the corresponding costs were 31.64 cents per cubic yard
and 19.38 cents per cubic yard.
Early in the year filling with the dredges was completed. Three
of them were transferred to other work, and the fourth was laid up
after thorough repair to make it ready for excavating the deposits of
gravel and sand in the prism near Gamboa. Dredge No. 85 was dis-
mantled, the hull pulled out on the extemporized ways where it was
cut into sections by the oxy-acetylene process ; all parts and machin-
ery were shipped by rail to Balboa to be reconstructed for work in
that vicinity.
In connection with furnishing wet fill for the dam, dredge No. 86
also loaded barges with wa.shed sand for concrete from May to
August, 1912, furnishing 32,968 cubic yards after July 1. In March,
1913, there was still a deficiency of sand and the dredge was again
placed in this service, excavating 10,883 cubic yards from the 13th
to the 25th. The cost of this sand in storage pile was 51.88 cents per
cubic yard. As excavated from the borrow pit, the material con-
tained at times as much as 50 per cent of silt, clay lumps, rotten wood,
and bowlders. A simple but extremely effective method was used
to eliminate such foreign matter. A small pile dock was built along
which a barge was placed and to which a branch of the dredge pipe
was brought discharging into a chute 4 feet wide extending across
the breadth of the barge. The chute being hinged at the dock end
supported by a small derrick was adjustable for slope, its bottom was
pierced by three openings, 1 by 4 feet, in Avhich gratings of bars
with three-fourth inch intervals were set. All of the bulky debris
was thus passed to the end of the chute where it dropped into deep
water, while the sand, silt, and nearly all the water passed through
the grated openings into the sand compartment of the barge; this
promptly filled with water, and an overflow over the coaming being
established carried off practically all the silt.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING ATLANTIC DIVISION. 127
Paving of the lake side slope of the dam for a width of 139.2 feet,
extending between the 74-foot and the 92-foot contours, was begun
in February, 1913. Broken stone from the Ancon crusher was first
spread to a depth of about 4 inches, over which was roughly placed
heavy riprap armor, obtained at first from a quarry opened at
Quebrancha Hill, and later from excavations at Sosa Hill and the
Balboa Dry Dock. The broken stone layer was completed in April,
15,740 cubic yards of crushed stone being placed, covering the total
area of 115,740 square yards. Riprap stone in place amounts to 68,730
cubic yards, covering an area of 102,030 square yards, and making
this item 88.2 per cent completed.
In finishing up the completed slopes of the dam, the inequali-
ties left by the dumps are being graded ojff to a sufficient degree of
smoothness to permit the operation of a horse or power mower for
cutting weeds. The area surfaced in this manner has amounted to
225,460 square yards, at a unit cost of 2.36 cents. Experience has
shown that if the weeds are cut off about twice a year, the slopes of
the dam will naturally grass over, eventually forming a sod that will
shed the rainfall from the extremely porous dry fill beneath, and will
revet the slopes against the gullying effects of rain wash.
Comparative statement of costs — Gatun Dam.
Gatun dam construction.
1912
July.
August.
September.
October.
November.
December.
Dry fill (cubic yards)
207,405
201,029
184, 300
258, 999
184, 485
142,245
Excavation
$0. 0678
.0886
.0009
.0752
.0357
.0376
.0212
SO. 0625
.1197
.0010
.0917
. 0484
. 0306
.0247
$0. 0787
.1122
. 0030
.0*40
.1256
.0622
.0292
SO. 1171
.0698
.0003
.0758
.0714
.0524
.0318
$0. 0763
.1045
.0001
.0930
.1222
.0364
.0326
$0. 0771
.0855
Tracks
Trestles
Transportation
.0776
.1067
.0577
.0268
FiUing
Maintenance of equipment
Division expense
Total division cost
Administration and general
expense
.3270
.0239
.3766
.0298
.4949
.0469
.4186
.0305
.4651
.0456
.4314
.0419
Total cost
.3509
.4064
.5418
.4491
.5107
.4733
Hydraulic fill (cubic yards) . . .
108, 463
43,589
62, 666
Clearing for dredges
.0142
.1577
.0214
.0149
.0957
.0028
.0034
.0476
.0129
.0336
.2364
.0384
.0435
.1911
.0038
.0113
.1535
.030.T
.0050
.0585
.0078
.0206
.0238
.0013
.0245
.05.34
.0092
Operation of dredges
Relay pumps
Pile lines
Power
Flumes
Small boats
Maintenance of equipment
Division expense
Total division cost
.3706
.0215
.7419
.0502
.2041
.0200
Administration and general
expense
Total cost
.3921
.7921
.2241
128 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Comparative statement of costs — Gatun Dam — Continued.
Gatun dam construction.
1913
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
June.
Dry fill (cubic yards) .
149, 609
88, 792
96,101
106,862
93,449
99,457
Excavation. . . .
SO. 0329
.0210
.0001
.1874
.0568
.0297
.0139
$0. 1049
.0605
.0001
. 0133
.0920
.0807
.0151
SO. 1097
.0791
SO. 0786
.0374
.0008
.0474
.0650
.0506
.0086
SO. 0807
.0668
SO. 0300
0648
Tracks
Trestles
Transportation
.0485
.0927
.0487
.0121
.0587
.0802
.0597
.0169
0504
Filling
0691
Maintenance of equipment
Division expense
.0096
0194
Total division cost
Administration and general
expense
.0330
.0203
.3666
.0475
.3908
.0259
.2884
.0128
.3630
.0209
.2363
0148
Total cost
.0127
.4141
.4167
.3012
.3839
2511
GATUN SPILLWAY.
Construction of the spillway dam proceeded in accordance with
the approved schedule which provided for carrying the flanks toward
completion as rapidly as possible, but holding the central section at
elevation plus 50 so as to give an escape weir about 370 feet wide
for the heavy floods of November and December, thus insuring
against an excessive rise of the lake which might overtop the Gamboa
Dike and flood the Culebra Cut. The closure of this gap was under-
taken as soon as the level of the lake had dropped below the 50-foot
level, and the work was advanced as rapidly as possible by increasing
the force and continuing o]3erations on Sundays, holidays, and af
night. As sections of the ogee were completed the trestle erected on
the flanks at elevation 95 was extended, and from it the crest piers
were constructed to the full height, elevation 115. The 14 crest
gates, weighing 42 tons each, were placed in position between the
piers by two wrecking cranes operating from this high trestle. At
the erecting yard east of the locks the wrecking cranes loaded a gate
in a vertical position on a flat car; the car was slowly hauled to the
spillway and spotted between the cranes opposite the gate's position
on the dam; attachment was then made, and the gate lifted, swung
to an exact position alx)ve the fixed iron guides, and lowered into
place. From two to six gates were placed in a day, and the work was
completed on April 15. After the completion of the west abutment
the high trestle opposite each gate in succession was dismantled, and
the upstream side of the respective piers encroached on by the trestle
could then be built. It Avill be impracticable to do this at the three
central piers and eastward until the control sluices under these piers
are no longer needed, when the sluices Avill ha filled with concrete,
the piers and east abutment finished, and the dismantling of the
trestle completed.
Originally there was a fourth sluiceway left under Pier No. 9,
in which was installed for experimental purposes a cylindrical valve
similar to those in the center lock wall. This sluiceway was closed
off early in February, the valve removed, and the opening filled
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING ATLANTIC DIVISION. 129
with concrete. Closure on the hike side was effected by a timber
gate loAvered in stop grooves and made ahiiost water-tight with a
stiff mixture of cement and sawdust plastered around the gate by
a diver, A heavy block of concrete was first built next the timber
gate, the small amount of leakage being carried through same in a
pipe; after this concrete had tlioroughly set the pij^e was closed
with a valve and the remainder of the opening filled with concrete.
On completion of the closure no seepage could be detected.
At the beginning of the year Gatun Lake had filled to elevation
30.2. In order to complete the guard gates and caisson sills at the
locks, the sluice gates were opened and the lake held at about ele-
vation 32 until the last week in August. After elevation 48 was
reached, in September, the gates were again opened, so as not to
interfere with concrete construction on the spillway dam; but in
November and the first half of December the water was allowed to
rise to a maximum elevation of 56.3, in spite of the heavy outflow
over the weir and through the open sluices. After the subsidence
of the flood the water was allowed to drop to elevation 48 to permit
resumption of work on the spillway dam, and was held at about
this elevation until June 27, when the valves were closed to allow
the lake to fill to its final level.
Advantage was taken of the flow over the spillway in Novem-
ber and December to dispose of a large number of islands, snags,
and old timber floating on the lake surface. Excellent results were
accomplished by the tug Balboa and a gasoline launch, which pushed
about 2 square miles of the floating islands over the crest and thor-
oughly cleared the anchorage basin and the north end of the channel
of all obstructions. The Balboa^ with the assistance of a floating
pile driver, also clenrod 1^ miles of the 1.000-foot channel, about
6 miles south of Gatun, of heavy masses of floating island, breaking
same into pieces and stranding them among the standing timber off
the channel. This obstruction completely blocked the channel, was
in places 14 feet thick, and apparentlv floated directl}^ upward from
the floor of the old swamp below. So thoroughly matted was it with
snags, sticks, and roots of living vegetation that it was immovable
until broken up into small sections by the powerful tackle of the
floating pile driver.
Excavation for the spillway clam is completed, and c(mcrete work
97.9 per cent completed. Progress by fiscal years has been as follows :
Year.
Excava-
tion.
Concrete.
Prior to July 1, 1907
Cu. yds.
3,832
938, 901
359, 821
127,610
157, 62S
7,123
175
Cu. yds.
1907-08
1908-09
30, 404
53,632
59,651
58 6G6
1909-10
1910-11
1911-12
1912-13
21 719
Total
1,595,090
224,132
11834°— 13-
130
REPORT ISTHMIAIST CANAL COMMISSION.
PERMANENT POWER PLANT.
Preparation of the foundation was completed and the masoniy
substructure ahnost completed. Erection of the superstructure steel
was commenced on May 10. At the end of the year 65.3 per cent of
the steel had been erected and 90 per cent of the field rivets driven.
The penstocks have been cased with concrete except for the curved
portions near the head gates. The forebay walls, with trash-rack
and stop-plank grooves, are about 95 per cent completed.
Comparative statement of costs — Gatun siriUnaij.
MASS CONCRETE.
1912
July.
August.,
September.
October.
November.
December.
Concrete (cubic j-ards)
1,357
1,111
976
1,303
8.55
3,017
Cement .
SI. 5298
1.9703
. 59::5
1.9796
. 7380
.7919
. 6559
. 10S6
.0016
SI. 5972
1.9998
.5382
2. 0555
1.0765
.6191
.7128
SI. 5523
1. 9987
.5914
2.6318
1. 1368
1.0772
.6953
.0849
.0222
$1.4435
1.8037
. 5976
1.2S02
.7469
.3467
.5131
SI. 6194
2. 0035
.5965
1.4602
.9704
. 7980
1.2331
SI. 4637
Stone
1.8.325
Sand
.5500
1.8278
Mixing
. 4663
Transportation from mixer
.3840
. 4696
.0040
.3()39
.2724
.5340
.2002
Maintenance of equipment
1.0706
.5340
.4124
. 6983
.5340
.3686
.6822
.5340
.4577
.2388
.5340
.3244
. 2184
.5340
Division expense
.1812
Total division cost
.\dininistration and general
expense
10. 3852
1.0300
10.2046
1.3218
11.4645
1.2055
7. 8289
.8697
9. 3838
.89&3
7. 9275
.0566
Total cost
11.4152
11.5264
12. 6700
S. G9S6
10.2821
S.5S41
1913
January.
Fet)ruary.
March.
April.
May.
June.
Concrete (cubic yards)
3,817
3,028
2,669
1,358
717
455
Cement
.SI. 3371
1.0882
.4741
1.2332
.2400
.3226
. 4100
. 0469
SI. 2863
. 9562
.5939
1.5645
. 33.54
.3914
. 7037
.1182
SI. 4597
.9955
.3681
1.4952
.3283
.1949
.7812
.0017
.0101
.?1.5031
1.0484
. 2984
2.5117
.4387
.3890
. 5312
.2292
SI. 6067
1.1116
.3490
2. 4600
.8382
.6329
l.a825
.0058
SI. 8352
Stone
.7151
Sand
.4027
4. &S19
Mixing
. 8872
Transportation from mixer
Placing
.5070
. 8641
.0157
.3481
.2540
.1417
.0994
. 3616
. 2540
.3194
.5002
. 2066
.2540
.4739
1.7.531
Maintenance of equipment
. 1798
.2540
.1511
.2890
.2540
.1234
.0263
.2540
Division expense
. 8236
Total division cost
Administration and general
expense
5. 7370
.4505
6. 7091
.5179
6.3011
.5875
7.9841
2. 0498
10.3814
1.6662
12.1802
2.3853
Total cost
0. 1875
7. 2270
6.8886
10. 0339
12.0476
1 4. 5655
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING ATLANTIC DIVISION. 131
Comijaratire statement of costs— Gatun s pill wut/—Conthiuea.
REENFORCED CONCRETE.
1912
July.
-August.
September
October.
November.
December.
Concrete placed (cubic yards).
112
112
311
49
Cement
$2. 2500
2.0003
.5383
1.0570
5. 4806
.7130
16.6386
.6193
.6985
.5340
.5650
$1.5536
2.0089
.5937
.6969
1.4729
.6712
2.5053
1.0717
.6819
.5340
.4710
$1.4414
1.8020
.5996
.7538
.0475
.0847
.2012
.3491
.2414
.5340
.1684
Stone
Sand
1 . 8280
Mixing
. 5484
.5933
Placing
37. 1786
Reenforcements
. 9829
32.0088
.38.38
.2302
Transportation from mixer
Maintenance of equipment. .
Plant, arbitrary
Division expense .'
. 5340
2. 4493
Total division cost
31.0946
4.2853
12.2611
1.3574
6.2231
.3168
78.2049
16.0018
Administration and general
expense
Total cost
35.3799
13.6185
6.5399
94.2067
1913
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
June.
369
110
Stone
Mixing
$1.3381
1.0906
.4716
.3826
3.1144
.6605
.3224
.2364
.2540
.2990
$1.8497
.7522
.2925
.8965
2.2141
.8425
.5124
.0266
.2568
Placing
Transportat ion from inixer! '. '. "
Maintenance of equipment
Plant, arbitrary
Division expense
Total division cost
8. 1696
.8804
.4963
8.1.396
1.3724
Administration and general
expense
Total cost
9.0500
9.5120
1
1
Excavation amounted to 14,948 cubic yards, costing 43.82 cents per
v^rrlV^'f- J'f^^S^'^'' of foundations amounted to 11,684 cubic
yaids, costmg $1.9^94 per cubic yard. Total excavation to date, in-
cluding preparation of foundations, amounts to 98,751 cubic yards.
poh' n? Iq nlf'i' '"^•'' •^^'^'^^.' ^^ concrete was placed at an average
cost ot 1^9.0463 per cubic yard.
Plans for the underground duct line to the locks and the steam-
power plan were received and work was begun the last week in
June, 8 yards of concrete being laid as foundation for ducts.
Municipal Engineering.
[Mr. George M. Well.'^, ofHce engineer, in local charge.]
The new purification plant at Agua Clara, constructed during the
previous fiscal ye..r, was successfully operated throughout the f elr
Ihis plant consists principally of raw- water mixing chambers; 'sedi-
132
KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
mentation basin; four filter units, each having a capacity at 125,-
000,000 gallons per acre per day rate, of 750,000 gallons per day of
24 hours; a clear-water basin having a capacity of 225,000 gallons; a
wash-water tank having a capacity of approximatel}^ 10,000 gallons;
an electric-pump station containing two multistage electric-driven
pumps, each having a capacity of approximately 1,100 gallons per
minute ; and two motor-driven air compressors for furnishing air for
assisting in cleaning the filters.
The water from the Agua Clara Reservoir is fed by gravity to the
mixing chambers, where there is introduced a dose of aluminum sul-
phate varying from 0.5 to 1.5 grains of chemical per gallon of water.
After passing through these mixing chambers, the treated water
passes on to the sedimentation basin, where sedimentation takes place,
varying from three to eight hours. The water then passes onto the
filter beds, consisting of a IG-inch layer of gravel on the bottom sup-
porting a 30-inch depth of specially prepared sand having a mean
etfective size of approximatel}'' 0.4 mm. The water then passes from
these filters to the clear-water basin, from Avhich point the pumps
force it into the mains leading to the 450,000-gallon high-pressure
tower tank located at Gatun. The results obtained from these filters
for the period from July, 1912, are given in the table submitted here-
with.
The last three months of the fiscal year are not included in the
statement because of the fact that experiments had indicated that
even more successful results could be obtained by installing an inde-
pendent wash-water supply fed by gravity from a tank located im-
mediately above the filters on the adjacent hill. During the time
that this change was being made the sand and gravel from each
filter was removed, washed, and replaced, and the gravel bed in-
creased in depth to take care of the increased wash rate that would
result from the new wash supply.
[f/ua Vhini /iltcrN innl ic.srrroir.
Month.
Rainfall.
Elevation
reservoir.
Alkalinity (per
million).
Coagulant
aluminum
sulphate.
Turbidity (per
mUlion).
Raw.
Filtered.
Raw.
Filtered.
1912.
.Tulv
Inches.
13.50
12.60
8.62
17.64
17.65
8.10
5.53
3.70
.20
3.75
14.54
10.87
Feel.
59.2
61.8
63.3
67.7
68.0
68.1
66.5
64.4
61.1
58.3
58.8
60.2
35.0
29.0
28.0
28.0
33.0
32.9
31.0
29.0
29.2
26. 0
17.0
17.0
18,0
19.1
18.8
14.0
14.0
14.1
Pounds.
4,500
4,800
4,700
5,210
5,280
5,992
o,(X)0
0,045
6,920
7, 750
8,250
6,375
5.0
2.5
2.5
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
20.0
20.0
0
0
September
October
November
December
1913.
January
0
0
0
0
0
0
March
April
May
June
0
25.0
26.0
8.0
10.0
20.0
20.0
0
0
116.70
70, 822
i
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING — ATLANTIC DIVISION. 183
Agua Clara filters and reservoir — Continued.
Month.
Color (per
million).
Odor (per
million).
Bacteria (per
c. c.).
Monthly
consiunplion.
Raw.
Filtered.
Raw.
Filtered.
Raw.
Filtered.
July
1912.
25
15
15
20
25
25
20
35
35
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
S. veg.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,005
961
1,006
S53
96
82
42
23
Gnllon/t.
22,948,000
23,721,000
September
October
19,302,000
20,188,000
November .
721 53
20,595,000
December .
839
825
632
509
1,261
. 1,026
829
69
71
105
81
423
196
1S3
23,038,000
January
1913.
25,996,500
February-
24,119,000
March .
28,314,000
24,421,000
May
50
40
0
0
Veg.
Veg.
0
0
1:7, 101, 000
June
26,361,500
'
[ 1
286,104,000
1 1 1
During the period March 1 to May 12, 1913, 3,225,000 gallons of
water were transported from Mindi to Toro Point.
The average daily consumption exchisively for use at Gatun
amounted to approximately 2,335,000 gallons per day. During the
time it was necessary to transport water to Toro Point this amount
was increased to approximately 2,380,000 gallons per day.
The usual work of shifting, relaying, and maintaining the miscel-
laneous pipe lines of the water system was carried on throughout
the year.
AGUA CLARA RESERVOIR.
The regular maintenance of the banks of the reservoir was con-
tinued throughout the year.
The water in the reservoir began to fall on January 10, 1913, and
continued to fall until May 12, 1913, when it reached its lowest ele-
vation of 57.2.
ROADS, SEWERS, AND DRAINS,
The usual maintenance work on roads, sewers, and drains was
carried on throughout the year, and the entire sewer system was
flushed on an average of twice each month.
CRISTOBAL AND COLON.
Waterworks.
The operation of the pump station and pressure filtration plant
at Mount Hope was continued during the year more or less continu-
ously. Considerable difficulty was experienced from time to time in
the operation of the filters, due to their being excessively overloaded
and to the fact that the sedimentation basin Avas of such size that the
necessary length of time for sedimentation was not possible. This
resulted in putting heavy pressures on the filters, causing rapid clog-
134
EEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
ging and the breaking down of the strainer systems to such an extent
that comj^aratively large quantities of sand escaped into the mains
leading to Colon. The filters were thrown out of service three dif-
ferent times, the sand and gravel removed and washed, and a total
of 1,000 strainers replaced.
In order to obviate the possibility of a shortage of water during
the dry season, such as occurred during the last fiscal year, the tem-
porary pump station at the Mindi diversion was thrown into service
on December 28, 1912. From that date until April 27, 1913, this
station furnished approximately 1,000.000 gallons of water per day.
The following table gives the results of the operation of the filters
and the action of the Brazos Brook reservoir during the year.
Mount Hope filters and Brazos Brook reserroir.
Month.
Rainfall.
Elevation
Alkalinity (per
million).
Coagulant
aluminum
Tiu-bidity (per
million).
Raw.
0
5
0
2
3
0
(1
Filterec
1.
2
0
1
0
»
u
f)
sulphate.
Raw."
FHtered.
July
August
September
October...
November.
December .
January . . .
1912.
1913.
Inches.
16.87
14.42
9.11
17.86
19.86
9.03
5.72
4.29
Feci.
39.1
41.6
42.3
44.9
48.8
47.8
45.7
43.2
19.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
9.
1-).
15.
I'l.
18
17
10.
10.
Pounds.
15,945
16,295
17,160
19,231
18,000
19,210
25,178
29,840
30,121
30, 240
0
5
10
15
15
18
20
25
35
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
March
April
May
June
.71 39.9
5.08 37.1
18.57 39.5
9. 73 40. 5
25.1
10.2
0
24.2
22.0
20 1
8.0
27,000
25 1 0
131.25
248,220
1
1 1
1
Month.
Color (per
million).
Odor (per
million).
Bacteria (per
c. c).
Monthly
ionsumpt ion.
Raw.
Filtered.
Raw.
Filtered.
Raw.
Fil
tcrcd.
July
1912.
35
25
30
40
35
40
40
40
40
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
8
S
S
0
0
0
0
O
. earth.
.swpy.
Veg.
Veg.
0
0
0
0
0
0
S.swpy.
S.veg.
S. veg.
983
925
1,028
935
929
1,021
1,126
1,031
699
1,690
299
165
215
187
121
198
201
396
329
Gallons.
SI, 995, (WO
August
87,099,000
September
October . . .
80,2tiO,tX)0
85,196,000
November.
84,855,000
December. . .
86,490,000
January . . .
1913.
85,718,000
February .
77,616,000
March
82,438,000
76,415,000
Mav
60
50
Veg.
Veg.
998
"321"
68,944,000
June - -
0
6
1,126
73,174,000
970.206.000
1
As stated in the last annual report, general plans and estimates
of cost were submitted for the construction of a modern filtration
plant and pump station to take the place of the present plant. This
CONSTRUCTION AND ENOINEERIXO ATLANTIC DIVISION. J?j6
project was approved on July 12, 1912, at an estimated cost of
$193,768. The project, in general, involves the following:
A tunnel through the divide separating the Gatun Lake from the
Brazos Brook reservoir, within which was laid a 20-inch main hav-
ing its inlet at an elevation of approximately 5 feet below the ex-
treme low-water level of Gatun Lake. This pipe line, after passing
through the tunnel, a distance of 600 feet, extends down onto the
surface of the Brazos Brook reservoir, ending in a control house
through the mechanism of which the level of water on the Brazos
Brook reservoir is maintained at a minimum low level of 1 foot
below the spillway crest. By this arrangement, when the run-off
from the Brazos Brook watershed is not sufficient to meet the de-
mands of consumption the additional amount required is auto-
mat ically allowed to run into the reservoir from the Gatun Lake.
An additional 20-inch main was laid from the Brazos Brook reser-
voir to Mount Plope, the site of the new purification plant and pump
station. The v\'ater from the reservoir will flow^ by gravity through
these two 20-inch mains to an aeration basin, where, by means of
specially designed sprinkling nozzles, it will be thrown up into
spray, thus aerating it as it passes to the head house and mixing
chambers. At this latter point the water will receive a dose of
ahnninum sulphate, and after thorough mixing by means of over-
flow and submerged weirs, combined with compressed air agitation,
it will flow into the sedimentation basin, having a capacity of ap-
proximately 2.500,000 gallons. This capacity is such as will give
a minimum of eight hours sedimentation for the maximum ca-
pacity of the plant. After sedimentation the water passes into
the filter building and into six filter units, each having a nomi-
nal rated capacity of 1,250,000 gallons per day of 24 hours. The
Tvater passes from these filters through a specially designed auto-
matic rate controller and discharges through the floor of the pipe
gallery into a clear-water basin forming the basement of the filter
building. This basin has a capacity of approximately 650,000 gal-
lons. By means of an underground conduit the water passes from
this basin into a pump sump beneath the floor of the pump station,
and from this point it is pumped by means of electrically driven
pumps into the main leading to Cristobal and Colon.
The nominal capacity of this plant, with five filters in operation,
is approximately 6,000.000 gallons per day, but by increasing the
rate per acre per day the plant can be made to furnish 7,500,000
gallons of filtered water per day of 24 hours.
Work was commenced on this plant in October, 1912, and by the
end of the fiscal year all work between Gatun Lake and Brazos Brook
reservoir had been practically completed; the additional 20-inch
main from Brazos Brook to INIount Hope was 90 per cent completed;
the pump station was completed ready for the installation of the
machinery; the filter building was completed up to and including the
operating floor; the sedimentation basin was 75 per cent completed;
and the foundations and floors of the mixing chambers and aeration
basin have been laid.
The existence of a concrete drain beneath the Panama Railroad
leading to the old French canal fixed the lowest drainage point for
this plant at approximately 10 feet above sea level. This necessi-
tated carrying the floor of the clear-water basin to approximately
136 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
5 feet below sea level. The excavation for this building developed
the fact that the site chosen for the plant had originally been a
swamp upon the surface of which had been dumped at some time
from 3 to 6 feet of red clay. The excavation of this material to 5
feet below sea level during the three rainiest months of the year
resulted in slides and other difficulties that seriously delayed the
progress of construction work. In addition to this, small running
springs Avere uncovered beneath the site of the sedimentation basin
Avhich resulted in the necessity for driving concrete piles beneath a
portion of the basin in order to insure no future settlement taking
place. The equipment for this plant was placed under contract in
the United States on November 20, 1912, and this contract called for
complete delivery on or before April 19, 1913. Very little of this
material had been delivered up to that date, and at the end of the
fiscal year a large amount still remained undelivered. The delay in
the receipt of this material also seriously handicapped the progress
of the work.
It is expected that this plant will be ready for operation in No-
vember, 1913.
BKAZOS 15ROOK KESERVOIR.
In addition to the work outlined abo\e, the usual maintenance
work was carried on during the year.
Colon Improvkments.
Up to May 20, 1913, all work in connection with the Colon im-
provements had been completed and turned over for maintenance to
the department of public works, with the exception of a certain por-
tion lying between Ninth and Second Streets, extending from G
Street west on the cross streets a varying distance of from 30 to 300
feet. Work in this area was suspended for six months to allow the
fill to stop settling. Work was again commenced in February, 1913,
and at the same time authority Avas given to fill and macadamize G
Street. At the end of the fiscal year there remained a comparatively
small amount of gutter and macadam Avork to be completed on the
cross streets between Ninth and Second; the gutter on both sides of
G Street had been completed, and the macadam AV(>rk on G Streoi
had been carried from Ninth to Seventh. It is expected to have
(his entire project completed Avithin the next 45 days.
Authority Avas granted on May 5, 1913, to extend the west side of
Fi Street to its intersection Avith the Mount Hope Iload. This Avork
was 85 per cent completed at the end of the fiscal year.
During the year the usual maintenance Avork Avas performed in
connection Avitli the Avater lines and seAver systems.
Tr A N SPORTATION .
The following is a list of the equipment in the transportation
service of the Atlantic division on June 30. 1913:
StaiKlai-d Kauge equipment :
American locomotives Ki
French. Rojjers type, and old Panama Railroad locomotives 11
WrecliinK crane (No. 64) 1
Track shifter 1
CONSTEUCTION AND ENGINEERING ATLANTIC DIVISION. 187
Standnrd gauge equipment — Continued.
Steel tint cars 13
Li(lger\v()(Ml flat cars, without sides 17
Lidgonvood flat cars, with sides 62
Oliver dump cars (19-yard) ITS
Western dump cars (12-.vard) (i
Western dump cars (IS-yard) 7
Roger ballast cars 1
Lidgerwood plow unloaders 3
Lidgerwood unloaders 2
Pile drivers P,
Spreaders .S
I>abor cars 14
Box cars, used as cabooses 8
Camp cars 2
Motor car 1
Narrow-gauge equipment :
Locomotives (3-foot gauge) 8
Steel dump cars 8
Wooden dump cars 27
Steel flat cars 16
Steel flat cars in concrete service 22
Respectfully submitted.
Wm, L. Sibert,
Lieutenant Colonel, Corps of Engineers, V . S. Army;
Member of the Isthmian Canal Commission ;
Division Engineer, Atlantir Dirislon.
Col. George W. Goethals, United States Amiy,
Chairnfian and Chief Engiii£er^ Culehra, Canal Zone.
Exhibit 1.
Proffrcfif: report for fiKcul ]/rar W12-1S.
Locks.
Dam and
spillway.
Dredg-
ing.
Porto
Bello.
Munici-
pal en-
gineering.
Break-
water.
Total.
Steam-shovel excavation:
In prism cubic vards.
322, lfi7
18,549
125,277
2,569
160,346
322 167
Crane and cal)leways, prism,
cubic yards
18 549
Auxiliary cubic yards. .
396,457
404.251
925,985
9,500
Crane, hand, and sluicing,
auxiliary cubic vards..
6,931
Dredge excavation, in prism,
cubic yards
160 346
Total excavation, cubic
yards
628,908
396,457
404,251
6,931
1,436,547
183 762
Breakwater rock placed, cubic
vards
183,762
.63
Explosives used, tons, 2,240
pounds
39.90
64,151
25,164
177.20
69,633
66,938
2, 108, 201
30,234
26,665
104. 93
111,510
63,824
322 66
Rock drilled feet..
60
245 354
New track laid do
2,135
158 064
Material placed in dams. yards. .
2,108,201
253 996
Cement used barrels..
220,009
166,284
3,753
4,264
5,753
19,328
19,958
4,484
348,072
Concrete placed yards . .
New roads built feet. .
187,213
5 753
Roads resurfaced linear feet. .
19 328
Water main5 laid feet. .
8,665
28 623
Sewers laid do
4 484
Open drains and ditches dug
and cleaned, feet
348 072
LU un
I ^
I- >
z <
- 3
Q ^
PLATE 21.
WM^
GATUN LOWER LOCKS. INTERIOR VIEW OF NORTH APPROACH WALL.
MAY 26, 1913.
, r-*"!^
u ^^ .. i ^ •■^,''-
'»S-c
ry'i
-"'A^
^aV^^
■'(**.
i,^»;.
APPENDIX C.
REPORT OF LIEUT. COL. D. D. GAILLARD, CORPS OF ENGINEERS,
UNITED STATES ARMY, MEMBER OF ISTHMIAN CANAL COM-
MISSION, DIVISION ENGINEER, CENTRAL DIVISION.
Isthmian Canal Co:\rMissiON,
Office or Division Engineer, Central Division,
Empire^ Canal Zone^ July 21, 1913.
Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of operations
in the central division for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913 :
The central division extends from the south toe of Gatun Dam to
the north end of the lock site at Pedro Miguel, a total distance along
the axis of the canal of 31.69 miles, and embraces the entire extent
of the former Culebra and Chagres divisions, which are now known
as the Culebra and Chagres sections of the central division.
The total amount of material excavated in the above territory
during the fiscal years ended June 30 from 1904 to 1913 is given in
the following tables :
FROM CANAL PRISM.
Fiscal year ended June 30—
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
1909.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
Total 29, 056, 970
Earth.
Cubic yards.
24,024
397,043
764,327
2, 288, 199
5,078,864
6,151,152
4,570,728
4,530,568
2, 702, 228
2,549,837
Rock.
Cubic yards.
36,083
344,601
742, 235
3,282,233
8,380,514
12,291,472
13,235,383
13,949,074
14,335,050
10,089,561
Total.
Cubicynrds.
60, 107
741,6-14
1,506,562
5,570,432
13,459,378
18,442,624
17,806.111
18,749,642
17,037,278
12, 639, ,398
6,686,206 105,743,176
Per cent
rock.
60.03
46.46
49.27
58.92
62.27
66.65
74.33
75.49
84.14
79.83
72.52
FROM OBISPO DIVERSION.
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
Total
128,001
240.063
293,745
26,066
25,684
26, 168
152, 376
892, 103
45, 221
73, 448
329,535
17,366
"'3,066'
468,570
173, 222
313,511
623,280
26,066
43,050
26, 168
155,376
1,360,673
26.11
23.43
52.87
40.00
"i.'93
34.44
139
140
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
OUTSIDE WORK.
Fiscal year ended June 30—
Earth.
Rock.
Total.
Per cent
rock.
1907 . .
Cubic yards.
13,520
64.233
Cubic yards.
10,840
2.140
1,873
Cubic yards.
24.360
66.373
1.873
33.631
29.952
79.621
35,888
44 50
1908
3.22
1909
100.00
1910
33.631
27.467
71.269
30. 350
1911
2,485
8.352
5.538
8.30
1912
10.00
1913
15 43
Total
240, 470 31 . 228
271,698
11.49
TOTAL EXCAVATION INCLUDING ACCESSORY WORK.
1904
24,024
397,043
764,327
2,429,720
5,383.160
6,444.897
4.630.425
4.583.719
2,799,665
2,732.563
36,083
344,601
742, 235
3,. 338. 294
8.456.102
12.622.880
13.235.383
13,968.925
14.343.402
10.098,099
60. 107
741.644
1.506.562
5,768.014
13,839.262
19.067.777
17,865.808
18.552.644
17.143.067
12,830.662
60.03
1905
46.46
1906 ... ...
49.27
1907
57.88
1908
61.10
1909 .
66.29
1910
74.08
1911
75.29
1912 ..
83.67
1913
78.80
Total
30,189,543
77,186,004
107,375.547
71.88
The amount of material removed during each month since the
Ignited States assumed control, in ^lay, 1904, is shown graphically
on plate No. 93.
The following table shows the amount (place measurement) of
material excavated monthly in the central division during the fiscal
vear ended June 30, 1913:
Month.
From canal prism.
Total, including accessory works.
Earth.
Rock.
Total.
Earth.
Rock.
Tola!.
1912.
July
Cubic yards.
253,067
170, 765
139,542
146,583
145,497
95.372
167, 771
186,827
259.571
352.546
329,661
302,635,
Cubic yards.
1,077,219
896,535
770,314
966,837
799.822
949. 246
949,449
803,669
924.329
825, 454
566. 939
559,748
Cubic yards.
1,330,286
1,067.300
909.8.56
1,113.420
945,319
1.044.618
1,117,220
990. 496
1.183.900
1.178.000
896,600
862,383
Cubic yards.
259, 147
197,. 597
104.742
153.010
173. 249
125. 264
186. 131
190, 131
259.571
353,646
354.061
316.014
Cubic yards.
1.077.219
890.535
770.314
966. 837
S02. 822
949.246
949,449
,S06.669
924.329
825,451
566,939
562. 286
Cubic yards.
1,336,366
1.094,132
935,056
1.119.847
976.071
1,074.510
1913.
1.135,5.80
996.800
1.1,S3.900
1. 179.100
May
921.000
June
878.300
Total
2,549,837
10,089,561
12,639,398
2,732,563
10,098,099
12,830.662
The total amount of material excavated in the central division
during the fiscal vear, 12,830,()C)2 cubic vards, has been exceeded
during five previous fiscal years, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, aiid 1912.
The maximum monthly amount of material excavated in the cen-
tral division during the fiscal year ju.st closed was 1.336,360 cubic
yards, removed in Jidy, 1912. As .stated in the last annual report,
the output of March, 1909, will undoubtedly remain the highest
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING CENTRAL DIVISION. 141
reached during the construction of the canal, as the work has now
reached such a stage that the Chagres section is completed, except
for a small amount of dredg^ing, and the north half of the Culebra
section is practically completed, so all operations Avill soon be con-
fined to the south half of this section.
The maximum monthly amount of material removed from the canal
prisui since the commencement of operations was 2,012,409 cubic
yards, excavated in March, 1911. The maximum yearly amount of
material removed from the canal prism was excavated during the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1911, amounting to 18,479,642 cubic yards.
Of the total amount of material excavated during the fiscal year,
12,828,086 cubic yards were removed by steam shovels, 1,800 cubic
yards by locomotive cranes equipped with orange-peel buckets, 776
cubic yards by hand.
The material excavated by steam shovels is carried by dirt trains
to dumps situated from 1 to 36 miles from the place of loading, the
average haul varying from 10 to 12 miles.
REVISED ESTIMATE OE THE QUANTIIT OE MATERIAL YET TO BE REMOVED.
A revised estimate of the quantity of material to be excavated in
the central division after June 30, 1913, in order to complete the
canal is given in the table below. Deducting the quantity of ma-
terial excavated during the fiscal year 1912-13 (12,794,f74 cubic
yards), this estimate gives an increase of 9,280.237 cubic yards over
the estimates submitted in the last annual report. The details of the
new estimate are given in the following table:
Location.
Districts.
Chagres.
Empire.
Culebra.
Pedro
Miguel.
Total.
Inside prism lines
Slides
Drainage cut
Silting, Chagres River.
Obispo diversion
Cubic yards.
56,000
244, 000
Cubic yards.
4.32, 895
2, 040, 000
7,700
Cubic yards.
836,049
4,820,500
48, 000
Cubic yards.
14,856
Cubic yards.
1,324,944
6, 860, 500
55, 700
244,000
14,856
Total.
300,000
2,480,595
5,704,548
8, 500, 000
This very considerable increase is due to the development of new
slides as the depth increased and to increased activity of slides
already existing at the beginnino; of the fiscal year. In addition all
excavation along the upper portion of the banks of the canal where
slides had developed or were anticipated, being entirely outside of
the canal prism, has been properly included in material removed on
account of breaks and slides. This work was vigorously prosecuted
during the fiscal year by from five to seven steam shovels and the
quantity of material removed by them, as a preventive measure
against slides and breaks, was 1,593,070 cubic yards.
Although the estimated yardage remaining has been materially
increased by the new estimate, yet there is no reason to believe that
either the ultimate time of completion of excavation in the central
division or the ultimate cost of all excavation in this division, as sub-
142 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
mitted in the estimate of September, 1908, will be increased, for the
reason that since that estimate was submitted the unit cost of excava-
tion in the central division has been materially decreased and the
average montlily output has been in excess of the quantity then
estimated.
Taking the revised estimate of July 1, 1913, as a basis, there have
been removed up to and including June 30, 1913, within the limits
of the central division 107,196,455 cubic yards, and there remained
to be removed 8.500.000 cubic yards, or less than 8 per cent, to com-
plete all excavation within the limits of the central division. Of
this amount, 8,200,000 cubic yards are in the Culebra section anrl
300,000 cubic yards in Chagres section.
BLASTING.
The total amount of blasted material excavated during the fiscal
year was 8.621,833 cubic yards, which was 4,241,135 cubic yards less
than in the previou.s year.
Durino- tlie vear 150 well or mechanical churn drills and 195 tripod
rock drills were in operation.
The number of linear feet of holes drilled during the year was as
follows :
Kind of drilling.
Linear feet.
Miles.
2,142,300
1,650,759
213,139
405.74
Well drills
312.64
40.35
Total
4,006,098
758.73
The average number of feet drilled per day per tripod rock drill
was 47 feet at an average of operating labor cost of 8.92 cents per
linear foot.
The average number of feet drilled per day per well drill was 28
feet at an average of operating labor cost of 6.89 cents per linear
foot.
The quantity of explosives used during the year amounted to a
total of 1,652.34 gross tons, which was 947.96 gross tons less than the
amount used during the previous fiscal year. Of this amount 484,100
pounds were saltpeter dynamite of 60 per cent nitroglycerine, 2,372,-
950 pounds saltpeter dynamite of 45 per cent nitroglycerine, 318,150
pounds Trojan powder of 60 per cent strength, and 526,050 pounds of
45 per cent strength.
The average number of vertical holes fired per day during the
year Avas 483, having an average depth of 18.3 feet. An average of
J 8.6 pounds of explosives was used per hole.
The average number of toe holes, i. e., holes drilled horizontally
or nearly so, at the foot of a bank to secure greater breaking of
material above, was 61, having an average depth of 15 feet. An
average of 24 pounds of explosives Avas used per hole.
During the year 16,169 " dobe " shots or " mud caps " were fired in
blasting material ahead of steam shovels not broken by the explosives
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING CENTRAL DIVISION. 143
used in the drill holes, and in grading for track work, for which pur-
pose 122,049 pounds of explosives were used.
The aA^erage number of pounds of explosives used in_each " dobe "
shot was 7.55, at an average cost per shot for explosives and blasting
material of 90 cents.
The average number of cubic yards of material broken up per
pound of explosive w^as 2.33.
The following blasting materials were used in connection with the
djniamite and Trojan powder:
Detonators 177, 475
Tape fuse feet__ 492,225
Electric fuses :
10-foot 1. 200
16-foot 14, 350
20-foot 42. 475
24-foot 72. 575
30-foot SIS. 700
35-foot 129, 830
40-foot 1 93. 130
50-foot 9. 5(50
60-foot 1. 2S0
80-foot 368
Tape, insulating pounds 3, 490|
Wire, connecting do 195
Wire, lead feet— 615, 388
The same stringent rules covering the handling, storing, and use of
explosives, in elfect during previous fiscal years, were followed during
the last year, the distribution of explosives being under the direct
charge of a supervisor and always handled by the same engine and
train crew.
All shooting, with the exception of " dobe " shots, is done by ex-
perienced blasting wiremen using current from the electric-power
station at Empire. Occasionally " dobe " shots are fired by the cur-
rent, but a majority are exploded by the use of detonators and safety
fuse.
During the past year 3,701,250 pounds of explosives were used and
no men were killed wdiile handling dynamite.
Owing to the great care taken to prevent accidents but eight men
in all have been killed by dynamite in the central division during the
last four fiscal years, although during that period nearly 23,000,000
pounds of explosives were used.
stea:m shovels.
The total number of steam shovels assigned to the central division
at the close of the year was 42. These shovels were of the following
sizes:
Class of shovel. jCaparityof
dipper.
Number in
service.
Cubic yards.
45-ton Bueyrus i la
70-ton Bueyrus 3
95-ton Buevrus i 5
Do . . . .". ; ; 4
Model 91, Marion •. 5
144
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
The highest daih% monthly, and annual records for shovels of
each class are given in the table below :
Record.
45-ton
Bucyrus.
70-ton
BUCJTUS.
95-ton
Bucyrus.
Model 60,
Marion.
Model 91,
Marion.
Date of high daily record . . .
Yardage, high da"ilv
ShovelNo
Date, high monthly record. .
Yardage, high moiitlilv
Shovel No ".
Number of days at work
High annual record .
Feb. 5, 1908
1,356
5S
Julv, 1908
25,713
59
26
105, 740
54
131
Mar. 14,1912
2,900
128
March, 1909
53,043
122
27
300, 872
122
254
Mar. 22,1910
4,465
213
March, 1910
70,290
213
20
543,481
208
295
Apr. 18,1908
1,704
152
March, 1908
41,219
152
26
Jan. 21, 1909
3,485
265
August, 1908
55,419
256
25
441,927
Shovel No
264
Number of days at work
299
The following table shows the average performance of steam
shovels for each month of the fiscal years ended June 30, 1908. 1909.
1910. 1911, 191-2. and 1913:
ilonth.
Num-
ber
work-
ing
days.
Cubic yards output per shovel.
Inches rainfall ;it —
1
Per day.
Per
month.
Per hour.
Bas
Obispo.
F.mpire.
Under
steam.
At
work.
Culebra.
July
1907.
26
27
24
27
24
25
26
24
26
25
25
26
683.1
719.5
818.2
791.9
773.3
922.3
1,039.5
1,112.1
1,159.4
1.191.1
905.7
1.011.2
17,670
19,428
19.636
21,385
18,562
23,057
27,031
26,690
30, 146
29.780
22,618
26. 294
89.5
93.6
105.9
100.5
89.9
120.7
131.2
142.2
147.2
152.9
115.2
130.6
167. 8
164.6
184.7
176. 8
170.6
192.2
208. 4
215.6
221.6
230.6
201.4
210.5
8.25
12.69
14.71
13.62
9.85
2.26
.20
.11
.41
1.81
13.18
6.55
9.89
11.24
10.86
15.44
10.40
1.47
.75
.00
.41
1.36
12.91
8.21
9.31
11.81
September
11.38
October
15.27
6.91
December -
2.30
1908.
.91
.01
March .'.
.13
1.67
May
12.43
June ...
8.86
year 190S
Fiscal
305
931.9
23.685
121.4
199.1
83.64
82.94
80.99
1908.
July
26
• 26
25
27
23
26
25
23
^ 27
25
25
26
1.073.2
1.119.6
1,180.2
1,185.3
1.154.8
1.210.5
1,183.0
1,260.4
1,327.2
1.283.7
1,182.9
1,242.9
27,902
29,300
29,585
32, 228
26.693
31.474
29,575
29.342
35,835
32, 120
29.507
32,315
137.9
144.7
140.8
148. 3
145. 8
151.8
148.3
157.7
167.5
160.9
148.5
156.3
206.9
216.2
202.9
214.1
222.5
232.4
225.8
246.8
258.5
242.5
229.3
240.5
9.14
10.23
5.76
9.42
6.95
6.63
2.59
4.72
.45
5.90
12. 98
11.71
11.79
8.11
9.75
8.85
4.46
5.09
2.28
1.50
.21
3.33
7.84
7.72
13.23
7.58
15.18
8.91
5.26
December
4.40
January
1900.
2.96
2.46
March
.15
April
2.56
9.44
June
7.36
year 1909
Fiscal
304
1,198.9
30,371
150.4
227.6
86.48
70.94
79.49
1909.
July
26
26
25
26
24
26
25
23
26
1,206.9
1,132.8
1.248.3
1.2.30.1
1,161.3
1,114.6
1.252.3
1.272.8
1,388.0
31.379
29,668
31.208
32, 679
27,875
28.982
31.. 307
29.271
36,090
152.1
142.0
156. 3
154.1
147.8
141.9
159.5
161.6
176.8
238.8
218. 9
239.8
237.0
223.9
224.9
238.5
224.1
260.2
11.59
7.03
7.90
16.98
28.41
12.33
1.24
1.80
3.12
8.27
7.20
7.22
21.13
21.08
9.44
.70
.76
1.60
7.95
August
8. .32
September
8.40
October
17.70
24.46
December
10.58
1910.
1.31
February
.93
March
1.36
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING CENTRAL DIVISION, 145
Month.
Num-
ber
work-
ing
days.
Cubic yards output per shovel.
Per day.
Per
month.
Per hour.
Under
steam.
. At
work.
Inches rainfall at—
Bas
Obispo
Empire.
Culebra.
1910.
AprU
May
June
Fiscal year 1910
1910.
July
August
September
October
November
December
1911.
January
February
March
April
May
June
Fiscal year 1911
1911.
July
August
September
October
November
December
1912.
January
February
March
April
May
June
Fiscal year 1912,
1912.
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913.
January
February
March
April
May
Jime
Fiscal year 1913
304
304
304
27
24
27
23.5
25
303.5
1,295.2
1,263.8
1,229.2
33,674
31,596
31,962
ia3.8
172.3
156.2
291.5
276.8
238.2
3.85
11.09
12.08
4.24
11.08
10.17
1,231.0
31,185
117.42
1,231.4
1,330.1
1,340.2
1,294.2
1,225.2
1, 170. 2
1,330.0
1,436.8
1,434.6
1,370.6
1,293.0
1,316.2
30, 786
30, 224
33,505
33,649
29,403
30, 424
33,251
33,059
36, 743
32,895
33, 482
34, 200
156.8
168.1
169.7
163.3
153.6
149.4
167.7
180.5
181.0
172.3
161.6
164.4
231.4
242.5
244.2
237.0
228.4
228.3
236.7
253.1
258.5
248.1
235.4
249.2
17.00
10.66
12.24
12.90
16.90
13.11
.11
.71
.38
4.01
14.53
6.98
12.60
10.08
8.99
12.57
8.85
9.06
.02
.55
.20
3.93
13.74
5.92
1,314.4
32, 635
165.7
241.1
109.53
86.51
1,314.8
1,313.6
1,275.6
1,226.9
1,215.2
1,300.9
1,303.8
1,348.9
1,414.9
1,414.3
1,340.0
1,355.8
32, 871
35, 475
31,891
31,908
29,180
32,525
33,901
32, 174
36, 786
31,128
34,839
33,855
164.3
164.0
159.4
153.4
152.0
162.6
163.0
168.6
176.9
176.9
167.2
169.1
241.5
237.5
233.7
229.7
237.3
250.0
241.0
252.1
258.3
260.2
252.7
263.8
7.26
7.68
5.20
12.75
10.09
.97
.06
1.11
.10
.77
7.94
11.64
4.00
5.98
5.46
14.97
11.73
.20
.01
.34
.01
2.64
6.21
8.50
1,318.7
33,038
164.8
246.5
65.57
60.05
1,327.0
1,188.0
1,191.0
1,161.0
1,140.0
1,254.0
1,232.0
1,117.0
1,229.0
1,108.0
873.0
858.0
34,500
32,765
28,586
31,346
26, 783
31, 345
32,042
25,691
30, 734
28,803
22, 718
21,448
165.9
148.5
147.3
145.1
142.5
153.8
154.0
139.6
153.7
138.6
109.2
107.2
254.2
242.2
243.0
244.6
238.2
240.1
249.9
244.3
242.9
231.6
197.4
202.8
14.27
16.64
12.75
13.60
6.56
3.63
1.07
15.13
8.02
9.15
10.53
13.78
12.44
7.24
3.71
1.67
.79
.22
.90
11.74
11.48
1,142.5
28,897
142.1
235.9
83.65
5.35
10.50
11.16
108. 02
16.38
10.11
10.09
13.51
10.81
11.86
.02
.74
.05
4.89
14.86
4.25
97.57
5.95
8.36
5.97
17.06
12.37
.31
.00
.33
.02
3.14
8.15
7.57
9.23
10.12
12.88
14.12
10.15
7.59
4.87
1.57
.78
.57
.71
11.74
9.10
84.20
The number of cubic yards per shovel per hour under steam aver-
aged as follows:
Fiscal year ended June 30 —
1908 121.40
1909 150. 46
1910 ^ 155. 80
1911 165. 72
1912 164. 78
1913 142. 11
11834°— 13 10
146
EEPOET ISTHMIAN" CANAL COMMISSION.
During the last fiscal year, on account of the practical completion
of the north end of the central division and to the increased depth
and lesser width in the Culebra Cut, the steam shovels ^^ere neces-
sarily spaced more closely together and a decrease in individual
efficiency therefore resulted.
In comparing the averages, daily and monthly, shown in the tables
above it should be borne in mind that these averages are based on
8 hours per day, while work in most other places where steam
shovels operate is carried on at least 10 hours per day.
The average output per shovel per day within the limits of the
central division for each day since the commencement of operations
by the United States is shown on i3late No. 94.
PLANT.
The following table shows the motive power, rolling stock, and
construction equipment of the central division on June 30, 1913.
Item.
Transferred
to division
during fiscal
year.
Transferred
from division
during fiscal
In service
June 30,
1913.
Cars: Decauville (industrial)
Dumps, steel —
Western —
10-yard
17-yard
Oliver —
10-yard
17-yard
Goodwin, 24-yard
Dumps, wooden, Ingoldsby, 31-yard.
Flat—
Lidgerwood
Steel
Motor
Pay
Locomotive cranes:
15- ton
25-ton
100-ton
Locomotives:
Decauville, 0-4-0 type
Porter, 12 by 18, 0-4-2 type
Belgian, 15i by 19i, 0-6-0 type
Chiriqui, lOJ tiy 23'|, 0-6-0 type
Baldwin —
16 by 24, 4-4-0 type
19 by 24, 2-6-0 type
Cooke, 19bv24, 2-6-0 type
Brooke, 20 by 26, 2-6-0 tjT)e
Pile drivers:
Moonbeam
Swing circle
Plows, unloading:
Right-hand
Left-hand
Spreaders:
Jordan
Mann-McCann
Steam shovels:
45-ton Bucyrus
70-ton BucyTUS
95-lon Bucyrus
Model 91-Marion
Track shifters
Unloaders: 60-ton Lidgerwood
86
1S8
113
196
18
12
12
1,531
63
1
1
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING CENTRAL DIVISION. 147
TRANSPORTATION.
The average number of locomotives working per day, and the total
locomotive davs during the year, were as follows:
Class of work.
Total
number
days.
Handling spreaders
Handling unloaders ,
Handling track shifters
Handling dirt and miscellaneous trains
A verage per day and total
2,007
2,837
953
32,163
37,960
Of the locomotives shown as handling dirt and miscellaneous trains,
an average of seven locomotives per day were used as pusher engines
for getting the loaded trains up the inclines at either end of the
Culebra Cut, as the depth of the canal having increased, these inclines
are necessarily longer and steeper than in previous years. An aver-
age of six locomotives per day were used as helper engines in the
canal in assisting the road engines in handling trains at steam shovels
placed close together in excavating slides, and where gi'ades required
the service of more than one locomotive per train. The total number
of locomotive days for the above work was 3,945.
The average number of cars loaded daily Avith excavated material,
and the total number hauled during the year, were as follows :
Class of cars.
Lidgerwood flats
Large steel dumps
Small steel dumps
Average per day and total
Average
per day.
2,064.30
159. 46
545. 43
2, 769. 19
Total
number
handled.
626,514
48,396
165,538
840,448
The largest number of cars handled in one day during the year
was on July 11, 1912, when the following number were handled:'
Lidgerwood flats 2,448
Large steel dumps 161
Small steel dumps 1.039
Total 3,G48
At the close of the fiscal year the following trains were in service
for the transportation of excavated material :
Car trains.
65 Lidgerwood 20-21
6 large steel dump 27 ;
5 small steel dump 35 '
A total of 76 trains, or less than two trains per shovel.
148
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
TRACKS.
The amount of trackage in the central division was decreased by
81.4 miles during the year, making a total trackage in this division
on June 30, 1913, of 156,06 miles. To provide running tracks and
loading tracks for the steam shovels, approximately 163.65 miles of
track were laid, 84.13 miles of track removed, and 1,233.08 miles of
track were shifted on the dumps and in the Cut by manual labor and
track-shifting machinery. In addition 796 frogs and switches were
laid and 447 frogs and switches removed during the year. Of the
above amount of tracks laid and removed it is estimated that from
35 to 40 miles of track, including the necessary frogs and switches,
had to be taken up and relaid on account of the action of slides at
various points in the canal, the pressure from which caused the bot-
tom of the canal to heave and also caused lateral movement of the
bottom, thus throwing the tracks out of alignment.
At least 10 miles of track in the division was buried by slides, so
that it was impossible to recover the material in such condition as to
be used for relaying.
The location and distribution of the track in the central division is
given in the following table:
Name and location.
1910
1911
In canal prism (total feet).
Tabemilla to Chagrecito
TaberniUa yard
Barbacoas-Caimito Junction
Caimito
East Mamei
Powderhouse Line-Santa Cruz
Santa Cniz Gravel
Gamboa yard
Bas Obispo
Old GamDoa and Las Cascadas
High Line-Obispo diversion
Cotton Tree yard
Gold Hill
Paraiso
Old Panama R. R. Paraiso to Corozal.
Pedro Miguel
Pedro Miguel-Corozal main line
Miraflores third track
Total east of canal .
Juan Grande
Alligator curve
Gorgona
Gorgona yard
Matachin
Bas Obispo
Las Cascadas and bridge No. 52. .
Whitehouse
Hi^h Line — Whitehouse to Lirio.
Whitehouse and Empire j'ard. . .
Cunctte
Empire yard
Lirio
Culebra
Rio Grande
Cucaracha
Paraiso
Total west of canal.
Tabemilla prism dumps.
Tabemilla
fan Pablo
Caimito
Mamei
385, 8S4
402, 256
6, 529
2,750
9,860
13, 914
'29,472
22,150
46,980
3,005
134, 660
10, 201
6,700
1,800
37,172
9,219
4,670
22,300
18,400
7,273
3,118
44,518
26,100
11,083
16,855
5, 850
5,346
230, 605
3,225
R2, 895
1,120
985
5,300
7,250
10, 870
3,840
10,890
2,480
11,700
31,442
19,565
46,214
52,537
10,600
1,100
11,700
23,700
19,100
45,400
55,000
3,005
3,000
199,793 169,600
9,700
8,800
2,230
2:3,300
19,511
5,950
33,923
22,325
8,220
17.425
3,800
5,346
160,530
12,900
5,800
900
23,400
16,700
7,700
41,000
20, 400
4,500
7,400
5,300
146,000
55,400
1,120
10,600
1,000
11,700
23,400
7,900
17,900
23,400
20,000
49,700
15,200
3,000
183,800
9,400
3,700
1,300
21,100
700
1,500
31,000
17,400
4,700
10,900
5,300
107,000
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING CENTRAL DIVISION. 149
Name and location.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
New Panama R. R.:
North of Juan Grande
8,028
45,866
10,560
129,580
1 88, 700
9,600
2,700
17,800
91,000
16,100
03,800
South of Juan Grande
Gorgona
Gorgona River dumps
Point No. 3
13,500
1,068
2,850
3,725
Matachin, west of canal
Santa Cruz, east of canal
Lirio
Culebra
7,174
13,450
7,200
18,300
Gold Hill
11,730
Pedro Miguel
11 500
Power House
3 000
Miraflores
39,343
76,800
40,860
93,230
34,500
120,300
6,000
125 200
Balboa- Panama dumps-Ancon
Total dump tracks
306,995
341,814
289, 100
255,600
Total track used by central division exclusive of Pan-
1,058,144
1,104,393
989,800
824,000
200.41
209.16
187.46
156.06
J 24,740 feet of this track owned by Panama R. R. but used and mamtained by the central division.
DUMPS.
The following table shows the disposition of all material exca-'
vated from the central division since the inception of work by the
United States, including 12,830,G62 cubic yards of material exca-
vated during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913 :
Name of dump.
Wasted
prior to
July 1,1913.
Wasted
during fis-
cal year
1912-13.
Total
wasted.
Gatun
5,374,300
177,928
147,718
16,099,027
2,210,425
1,701,414
967,287
1,275,642
778,612
1,823,006
9,229
997,582
18,177
184,792
45,441
5,419,741
177 928
Bohio
Chagrecito
147 718
Tabernilla
16,099,027
2,210,425
1,701,414
967,287
1,275,642
778,612
1,823,006
9 229
San Pablo
Caimito
Mamei
Juan Grande
Gorgona
Matachin
Incline No. 1
Santa Cruz
997 582
Point No. 3
18 177
Gamboa
184 792
Gamboa Dike
37,080
37,080
434 086
Chagres
434,086
Mandingo Dike
5,460
5,460
338,802
920
5 174
Bas Obispo
338,802
Camacho D ike
920
Bas Obispo Dike
5,174
61,890
1,152,1%
4,054
35,525
314,127
55,254
74,045
101,806
32, 756
152,215
82, 222
176,998
1,356
1,298,745
1,860,003
678,854
48,438
262,369
Tunnel diversion
61 890
Obispo diversion
49,269
1,201,465
4,054
35,525
314 127
Sardinilla
Haut Obispo
Bridge No. 53
Las Cascadas
55^254
74 045
Buena Vista
White House
101 806
White Yard-Camacho diversion
32, 756
152,215
82,222
176,998
1 356
Cunette
E mpire
Cerro
Cableway
Culebra
354,358
284, 755
1,653,103
2,144,758
678,854
48,438
262,369
Gold Hill and Lirio
Rio Grande
Cucaracha
Cartagenita
150
EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Name of dump.
Wasted
prior to
July 1,1913.
Wasted
during fis-
cal year
1912-13.
Total
wasted.
Paraiso
Pedro Miguel town site
Pedro Miguel
Double-track south tunnel.
Miraflores
Miraflorcs north incline
Corozal
Power-house fill
Sosa.
74,885
543,846
607, 851
16,318
319,905
8,201
1,288,262
15, 545
Balboa
Bas Obispo crusher
Naos Island Breakwater
Panama II. R.:
Relocation, Caimito to Gamboa
Relocation, Paraiso to Corozal
Relocation dumps
East Mamei
Culebra Swamp
Point No. 4
Pacific division
Balboa Y fill
Sosa HUl fill
Ancon So.sa fill
Ancon Diablo fill
Cristobal Mole
Panama R. R., relocation for riprapping.
Miscellaneous
667, 493
,792,360
184, 234
781,931
,394,572
972, 783
, 783, 194
180, 432
713,290
611,240
175, 125
350,835
84,760
'3,"985,"i29'
""653," 242
4,376,080
671,756
56, 384
90,783
,641,046
8,364
440, 725
17, 545
392,699
25,998
175, 572
257,731
74, 885
16, 318
863, 751
8,201
14,603,053
15,545
607,851
84,760
667, 493
21,777,489
184,234
1,435,173
12,394,572
972, 783
6, 159, 274
180,432
713,290
611,240
183,489
791,560
17,545
1,064,455
25, 998
231,956
348, 514
3,641,046
Total 94, 544, 855
12,843,359 n07,388,244
^Xutc. — The total quantity of spoil disposed of by the central division exceeds the quan-
tity excavated by 12,097 cubic yards. This amount is spoil hauled to central division
dumps from Pedro Migiiel Locks, fifth division.
All loaded trains from the canal are hauled out at either end of
the Culebra Cut. The only central diA'ision dumps now beinc; used
for wasting material from the canal proper are those at Pedro
Miguel, Miraflores, and Balboa, for trains run from the south end of
the Cut, and the relocation dumps for trains run from the north end
of the Cut over the Chagres River Bridge.
The average amount of material dumped per day at the larger
dumps W'as as follows:
Cubic yards.
:\Iir;ifloi-es G, 400
Balboa 13,152
Relocation, Gamboa to Caimito 14,444
The material deposited at Balboa is serving a useful purpose in
reclaiming from the ocean land which in time will be very valuable.
The material dumped on the Naos Island Dike serves the twofold
purpose of forming a protective dike for the ship channel and pro-
viding a means of rail and wagon road connection with the islands
in Panama Bay.
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913, 90 acres were filled in,
making a total of 474 acres in all reclaimed from the ocean at this
point.
Between Balboa Y and Sosa Hills 54 acres of marshy land that
it was impossible to drain properly were filled in during the year,
87C),9()7 cubic yards of material from the canal being u.sed for that
purpose. According to present plans 13 acres more will be filled,
making a total area of 139 acres of sanitary filling, which land will
doubtless be utilized in connection with the operation of the canal.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING CENTRAL DIVISION. 151
It will be noted from the foregoing table that of the total amount
excavated during the fiscal year, 12,343,554 cubic yards were wasted
on central division dumps, the balance, 487,108 cubic yards, having
been furnished other divisions and the Panama Railroad, as follows :
Cubic yards.
Atlantic division, Gatun, for constructing toes of Gatun Dam 4r>. 441
Panama R. R. relocation, for fills and riprapping embankment 257, 731
Pacific division, for back fill of Pedro Miguel Locks, etc 8. 364
Panama II. R., for construction of mole, Colon docks 175,572
Total 487.108
The following table shows the amount of trestle driven in the
central division in connection with dumping operations during the
fiscal years 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, and 1913:
Name and location.
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
Balboa (I.a Boca) dumps
6,539
4,074
6,273
1,360
Pedro Miguel, left
178
Culebra dumps
920
Gold Hill dumps
1,450
Cardenas River dumps (Miraflores)
1,742
395
1,256
178
780
1,330
1,361
136
439
15
Haut Obispo to Bas Obispo
B as Obispo
Near Bridge 52
Canal connection, Matachin
Santa Cruz
Powder-house line, Santa Cruz
Matachin to Santa Cruz
Point No. 3
Gorgona dump
"4,' 645"
no
""m
456
"2,' 260"
448
4,740
868
679
'""462'
260
Relocation dumps
Caimitn tn Tnhpmillq.
505
897
Tabemilla dumps
Trestles in cut
828
52
Obispo diversion
1,923
1,131
882
Miscellaneous
Redriven and repaired
100
Totalfeet
19,509
3.69
11,114
2.10
14,659
2.78
3,690
.70
278
Total mUes
.05
Grand total, 49,250 feet (9.32 miles).
Note.— Of the trestle driven at Balboa dumps daring the fiscal year 1912, 1,300 feet was double-track
trestle for the Naos Island Dike.
During the fiscal year, work was in progress at a number of dif-
ferent places in the central division, and the names of the localities
and the amount of work accomplished in each place during the fiscal
year, together with the amount j^et to be done, are given in what
follows.
DIVERSIONS.
_ Due to the appearance of cracks in the sides of the Obispo diver-
sion, which threatened to develop into slides which would break
into the diversion at several points, it was decided to relocate the
diversion farther to the east, which was done in three places.
In April. 1913, work was begun on a drainage ditch to carry off
the rain water which accumulates at the old Culebra dumps, near
Lirio. This work was completed June 26, 1913.
152 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
The following" table shows the amount of material excavated at
the ditferent points of the relocated diversion, and also from the
ditch to drain the old Culebra dumps :
Cubic yards.
Relocated diversion around powder house slide 13, 05G
Relocated diversion opposite the division office 39,016
Relocated diversion around La Pita Point break 76.004
Diversion to drain old Culebra dumps 27,300
Total 155,376
HAND EXCAVATION liY CONTRACT.
A contract was entered into between the Isthmian Canal Commis-
sion and Llewellyn Swain on December 6, 1910, which contract was
transferred by Llewellyn Swain to B. B. Duncan, as subcontractor.
This contract was for the excavation of about 112,450 cubic yards
in the canal prism between stations 28 plus 1,000 and 28 plus 2,300,
at a cost of 21^ cents per cubic yard. In May, 1912, a subsequent
asfreement was entered into between the contractor and the Isthmian
Canal Commission establishing the price of 31^ cents per cubic yard
on material excavated subsequent to March 22, 1912. On May 16,
1912, the contractor had removed 103,088 cubic yards, on which date
the contractor signified his inability to complete the work, the re-
maining excavation to be done by the central division, any excess
over and above 3H cents per cubic yard to be paid for from the
bond furnished by the contractor at the time of signing the contract.
The central division removed in all 12,972 cubic yards remaining
after the contractor relinquished the work, completing the work in
July, 1912. For work done by the Isthmian Canal Commission for
the completion of the Llewellyn Swain contract, the contractor is
indebted to the commission to the amount of $1,886.22.
CLEARING CHANNEL.
During the present fiscal year, it was noticed that portions of the
canal channel which passes through the lake area between Gatun
and Gamboa was, in portions, overgrown by bushes and small trees
which had sprung up since the completion of the excavation in that
territory. As the first division of the office of the chairman and
chief engineer had forces employed in the construction of range
lights in the lake area, and had the necessary floating and other
equipment for performance of this work, the chairman assigned the
work of clearing the channel to that division. This work w^as com-
pleted on June 17, 1913, a total of 250 acres having been cleared.
NAGS ISLAND DIKE.
This dike will extend from the shore at East Balboa to Naos Island,
a distance of 3.29 miles from the mainland, and is being con.structed
for the purpose of shutting off the swift currents, which at flood tide
flow across the canal channel nearly at right angles, causing a heavy
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING CENTRAL DIVISION. 153
deposit of silt and tending to curry vessels out of the canal to the
westward.
To construct this dike a pile trestle over 3 miles long was driven
from the shore toward the island. From this trestle material from
Culebra Cut was dumped, and as the trestle became filled the tracks
were shifted laterally and the dike widened and used as a dump.
Up to June 30, 1913, the trestle had been entirely completed and
filled, except for one stretch of a little over 600 feet. Great trouble
has been experienced during the past year by the slipping of the rock
filling. This movement has been the cause of much of the trouble
during the last three years and resulted in continual settling of the
stone filling for several months, when it gradually diminished and
finally ceased. The total settlement at one locality on the dike during
the past fiscal year aggregated over 125 feet.
Not a single foot of the trestle constructed during the last three
years remains at present under the track for which it was intended,
having moved to one side laterally as much as 300 feet.
Owing to the large tidal range the pressure on the bottom of the
stone fill varies with the degree of submersion. The fluctuation of
tidal levels aggregates at times as much as 16 to 18 feet a day, and this
is a constant source of trouble, as the dike almost always " goes out "
when the surface of the water is at the lowest elevation, at which time
the pressure, as stated above, on the bottom of the dike is a maximum.
So large is the movement that actual observations have shown in
recent months that the quantity of stone required to complete the dike
up to the present height was at least 10 times the theoretical quantity
which would have been required had the bottom been unyielding.
The photographs taken during the present fiscal year indicate
more clearly than words can do the character of the bottom on which
this breakwater is being constructed.
The construction of this dike has proved to be one of the most
difficult pieces of construction work ever attempted in the central
division, yet owing to the fact that a very large supply of suitable
material has been available up to the present time the cost has not
been excessive, amounting to about $17.29 per linear foot from the
commencement of operations up to Julv 1, 1913.
The total cost of the dike up to July 1, 1913, has been $398,529.70,
or about $22.94 per linear foot. Of this amount $70,558.01 has been
charged to the Pacific division.
SLIDES AND BREAKS.
The progress of excavation in the Culebra Cut during the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1913, has been rendered more difficult on ac-
count of slides and breaks in the banks of the canal, than ever be-
fore. It was anticipated that this trouble would increase as the
depth of the Cut increased, and that this anticipation was realized
is shown by the total amount of material removed on account of
breaks and slides for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, which was
5,899,200 cubic yards.
^ The only method of treatment for slides, which has proven effec-
tive once they have developed, is to excavate and haul away the mov-
ing material, until the slide comes to rest at the angle of repose for
154
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
the particular material then moving. This angle of repose varies
greatly in different parts of the Cut, depending not only on the
character of the material involved in the slide, but also upon the
inclination of the strata and the angle at which the formation
crosses the canal.
At the southern part of Cucaracha slide the angle of repose equals
one vertical on two horizontal, while on the west bank of the Cut,
near the town of Culebra, the argillaceous sandstone is still moving
slightly on a slope a little steeper than one vertical to five horizontal.
The flat slopes of the banks in the deepest part of the Cut explain the
large amount of material added by slides and breaks, as the original
estimates made by the International Board of Consulting Engineers
are based on side slopes in the deepest parts of the Cut of three ver-
tical on two horizontal.
Of the number of slides and breaks described in the last annual
report one of the most noteworthy is the Cucaracha slide, which
began to give trouble to the Americans in July, 1905, and from which
about 4,000,000 cubic j^ards have been excavated to date. It covers
a total area of 47.1 acres, but has been less active in recent weeks than
was the case some months previously.
Details regarding all of the principal slides in the central division,
all of which are confined to the Culebra section of this division,
are given in the following table :
Estimate of slides outsirle of slope lines for jicnr ending July 1, 1913, showing
total estimates of material to date.
Location.
Date when slide
first developed.
Oubie yards
excavated
year end-
ing July
1, 1913.
Cubic yards
of material
excavated
to date.
Cubic yards
of material
remaining.
Area of
slide in
acres.
East side:
Bas Obispo
Haut Obispo
West side, Buena Vista
East side:
Buena Vista
Las Cascadas
Whitehouse
West side, Whitehouse yard.
East side:
Powder house
North La Pita
Lower La Pita
Upper La Pita
West side, Cunette
East side. Empire
West side:
Division office
Lirio
Culebra
East side:
Culebra
Cucaracha
West side, Contractors Hill . .
East side:
Cucaracha village
Paraiso
Pedro Miguel
September, 1910.
September, 1908.
November, 1908.
May, 1912
February, 1908.
October, 1908...
Jime, 1912
October, 1909....
Septemlier, 1912.
Mav, 1910
December, 1909. .
September, 1910.
May, 1912
May, 1910
April, 1912
October, 1907...
January, 1907...
Julv, 1905
July, 1908
September, 1911.
March, 1907
January, 1913....
48,000
29, 400
45,000
97,000
181, 100
539.500
48,000
209,000
1,922,700
1,676,300
1,006,900
5,a)0
88,000
3.;300
117,000
18.000
162, 000
48,000
503,000
509,000
45,000
543,000
181,100
30,000
20,000
67, 000
933,700
258,000
221,200
8, 687, 600
,966,200
,,s.59,. ')()()
221,000
231,100
385,000
3,300
70,000
20,000
80.000
100.000
30.000
70,000
30.000
280,000
20.000
60,000
2,390,000
2,000,000
1,500.000
200,000
10,500
2.8
.6
3.3
1.2
11.5
6.0
1.0
5.8
1.7
.3
1.7
.9
20.0
2.6
3.6
68.0
55.0
50.0
2.0
4.0
5.7
.2
Total.
5,899,200
23,009,700
6,860,500
247.9
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING CENTRAL DIVISION. 155
COST OF EXCAVATION.
The average cost of the various items of expense in connection with
excavation is shown in the following table, giving comparison with
the fiscal years 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, and 1913:
(lass of work.
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
$0.1150
$0. 1001
.3993
.1149
.1452
.0911
.08:58
.0114
.0001
.0048
.0012
$0. 0888
.3442
.1190
.1522
.0657
.1001
.0150
.0003
.0046
.0013
.0052
$0.0717
.2567
.1048
.1414
.0541
.1014
.0120
.0002
.00005
.0005
.0038
$0. 0681
. 3056
.1157
. 1331
.0479
. 0885
.0142
.?0. 0863
.3150
.1413
.1854
.1344
.1190
.0163
.0008
.0004
.0002
.1069
.1740
.0645
Tracks
.0966
.0128
.0001
.0003
.0041
Division structures
.0003
.0091
.7128
.1882
.1300
.5517
.1049
.1.300
.5416
.0646
.1300
.4880
.0457
.1000
.4707
.0361
.0395
.5505
General expense and administrative ex-
.0355
.0040
Total
1.0310
.7866
.7362
.6337
.5463
.5900
It will be noted that the cost is higher than in previous years, but
it is not considered excessive. The increased depth of the canal and
the heavier grades over which the transportation department has
liad to work, as well as the unusually heavy rains, has caused a ma-
terial increase in the cost.
COAL AND rUEL OIL CONSUMED.
The total quantity of coal used during the fiscal year amounted to
153,923 long tons. Coal is the only fuel used on the division except
at the following pumping stations, at which points 15,271.63 barrels
of fuel oil were used during the fiscal year: Cucaracha, Camacho,
and Gorgona.
AIR AND WATER SERVICE.
During the fiscal year, in furnishing air connection for drills and
other purposes, 2,593,416 feet of pipe were laid, while 2,069,250 feet
of pipe were removed. The central division maintained the air
mains leading from the air compressors and paralleling the canal
on the east and west banks.
In furnishing water connections for steam shovels, orange peel
and clam shell cranes, locomotives, and for other purposes 1,755,995
feet of pipe were laid, while 1,858,111 feet of pipe were removed.
156 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
MUNICIPAL WORK.
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913, municipal work was
carried on as in the past, the principal items of work performed
being as follows:
Water :
Pipe Laid feet— 5,433
Pil>e removed do 6.990
Pipe relaid do 6.665
House connections made do 21
Meters :
Installed do 9
Removed do 1
Oil pipe installed do 3,969
Sewer :
Pipe laid do 3,543
Pipe removed do ISS
Pipe relaid do 785
House connections made do 4
Sanitary work :
Regrading ditches linear feet-_ 602, 578
Ditches dug feet_. 4,698
Ditches cleaned do 1.327,676
Tile drains laid do 6.426
Concrete gutters made do 3, 852
Concrete ditches cleaned do 847. 852
Clearing square yards__ 908, 331
Miscellaneous: Cleaning around reservoirs do 123,462
ROAD BUILDING.
The construction of what is known as the Empire-Chorrera Road
was continued during the fiscal year. As soon as the actual construc-
tion was accomplished, the convicts engaged in this work were trans-
ferred to other work, and a small force of paid labor established to
continue the crushing and laying of rock, placing of screenings, roll-
ing, and other work necessary for the completion of the road to the
Zone boundary. The work accomplished was as follows :
Clearing acres 6
Cubic yards of excavation 20. 752
Cubic yards of earth placed In fills 17,317
Cubic yards of masonry in culverts and bridges 413
Linear feet of 18-inch concrete pipe manufactured 470
Linear feet of Telford base laid 6. 128
Linear feet of crushed rock placed 19.432
Linear feet of extra screenings placed 7. 562
On November 27, 1912, work was begim on a IG-foot macadam road
from Gamboa to a point on the Las Cascadas Plantation Road about
3,()00 feet from the east end of the Empire Suspension Bridge, a
total distance of approximately 5 miles and 380 feet. Prison labor is
to be used in the construction of this road, and for the purpose a
stockade was erected at Gamboa for housing the convicts previously
engaged in the construction of the Empire-Chorrera Road, who were
transferred to this work,
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING CENTRAL DIVISION. 157
The follo\ving work Avas performed on the construction of the Em-
pire-Ganiboa Road during the fiscal year 1913 :
Clearing acres__ 11. 65
Excavation cubic yards__ 26. 484
Masonry do 547.5
18-iuch pipe linear feet__ 534
Berniing for Telford do 4, 075
Telford do 2,925
Subgradiug and ditching complete for 7,600 linear feet.
The Empire-Paraiso Road was relocated for a distance of 5,008
feet and constructed. This Avas necessary on account of slides along
the east bank of the canal.
In the village of Culebra 2,370 feet of road were reconstructed on
account of slides on the west bank of the canal.
At Lirio camp 253 feet of road were constructed.
For the protection of the roads and for the comfort and conveni-
ence of employees during the dry season, the oiling and rolling oi
roads was authorized by the acting chairman and chief engineer on
December 3, 1912. The length of road oiled and rolled in the dif-
ferent towns is as follows :
Empire linear feet__ 14, 398
Culebra do 12, 700
During the fiscal year, 16,323 linear feet of the Gorgona-Bas-
Obispo Road were rolled and 12,240 linear feet of this road resur-
faced.
The community closets heretofore in use at Golden Green village
Avere discontinued and servers substituted therefor. In this w^ork
1,940 feet of sewer pipe was used.
For fire protection at bridge 57^, 390 feet of 3-inch water pipe was
laid and four fire plugs installed.
The following work was accomplished in connection with the
maintenance of roads, the maintenance of cinder paths having re-
mained under the supervision of the quartermaster's department :
General repairs square yards__ 813,421
Ditches cleaned linear feet__ 629, 509
Ditches excavated do 15, 200
The above includes the resurfacing and rolling of the Empire-
Paraiso Road and the resurfacing, reditching, and rerolling of the
Las Cascadas Plantation road.
WATERWORKS.
In connection w^ith the water supply to the different settlements
the use of Rio Grande, Camacho, and Carabali reservoirs and the
operation of pumps at Paraiso, Cucaracha, Gorgona, and Gamboa
was continued throughout the year. Water was also condensed at the
above stations and at the condensing plants at Las Cascadas and Bas
Obispo.
In addition to the above, pumps were operated at Lirio, Sardanilla
River, Gamboa, and Gorgona shops throughout the year; these pumps
supply water for the operation of shops and for other canal construc-
tion purposes. Approximately 550,000,000 gallons of water were
158
EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
consumed by the central division from the Eio Grande Reservoir,
which is operated by the fifth division. The following table shows
in detail the quantity of water consumed, pumps in operation, etc. :
Water pumped.
Pump stations.
Number of pumps—
Total gallons.
Number
days in
opera-
tion.
Daily
average
gallons.
In
service.
At work,
daily
average.
2
3
■2
3
2
4
2
3
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
49,760,000
156,919,898
229,849,413
146,000,000
219,000,000
29.5,404.614
52, 000, 000
633,500,000
365
365
365
365
365
365
104
304
136 300
Cucaraeha .
429,918
Camacho
629, 724
400,000
600 000
Gorgona .
809,328
500, 000
Gamboa
2,083,881
Total :
21
13
1,782,433,925
1550,000,000
325
365
5,588,823
Consumed from Rio Grande Reservoir direct.
1,056 849
2,332,433,925
6,390,320
Water condensed.
Pump stations.
Numberof pumps—
Total gallons.
Number
days in
opera-
tion.
Daily
average
gallons.
In
service.
At work,
daily
average.
Cucaraeha
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
300,365
603, 771
1,131,734
704,050
396, 870
365
365
365
365
365
826
1,654
Gorgona
3,100
Condensers.
Las Cascadas .
1,929
1,086
Total
5
5
3,136,790
365
8,595
1 The total quantity of water consumed from Rio Grande Reservoir was 756,679,898 gallons; 550,000,000
gallons were used direct from main and 206,679,898 gallons were pumped at Paraiso and Cucaraeha stations.
During the fiscal year 23,120,679 gallons of water were pumped
and 171,312 gallons of condensed water furnished to Camp E. S.
Otis, and 19,020,470 gallons pumped and 74,073 gallons of condensed
water furnished to Camp Elliott.
During the fiscal year the summit of drainage in the Cut was at
a point in the canal opposite station 1750. Water south of this point
is drained into the Pacific Ocean by gravity through a culvert in the
Pedro Miguel Locks.
The gravity drainage south of summit was interrupted on account
of slides to such an extent that it was necessary to pump water over
summit to north drainage ditch. For this purpose one centrifugal
pump, 17-inch discharge, capacity 12,000 gallons per minute, and one
centrifugal pump, 12-inch discharge, capacity 5,000 gallons per min-
ute, were installed, and commenced operation just north of station
1804 on May 3, 1913.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING CENTRAL DIVISION. 159
The sump pumps installed at the north end of the Pedro Miguel
Locks were continued in operation during the year. All water
entering the Cut north of this drainage summit is pumped into the
Chagres Kiver by sump pumps at the Bas Obispo Dike.
At the close of the fiscal year the following pumps were in service
for this purpose :
Three duplex pumps, 16 by 22 by 18 inches; capacity, 4,200 gallons
per minute each.
Two Wagner pumps, 16 by 8 by 12 inches; capacity, 445 gallons
per minute.
One Worthington centrifugal pump, 24-inch discharge; capacity,
18,000 gallons per minute.
Two French centrifugal pumps, 17-inch discharge ; capacity, 7,000
gallons per minute each.
Two French centrifugal pumps, 17-inch discharge; capacity, 7,000
gallons per minute each, W'Cre installed during August, 1912.
LABOR CONDITIONS.
During the fiscal year the labor situation was entirely satisfactory,
the supply of laborers equaling the demand during the year. The
majority of the laborers employed in the central division are West
Indian negroes. The average number of laborers at work during
the fiscal year just ended was 6,701.
CHANGES IN ORGANIZATION.
On July 1, 1912, Empire shops, including the gold and silver per-
sonnel, was transferred to the mechanical division. These shops
performed repairs to steam shovels, drills, etc., together with sundry
other repair and maintenance work necessary in the central division.
On July 1, 1912, the Las Cascadas wrecking outfit was transferred
to the mechanical division at Gorgona, the central division retaining
the wrecking outfit at Pedro Miguel as heretofore.
On August 19, 1912, the Chagres district was abolished; the posi-
tion of superintendent of construction having jurisdiction over this
section was likewise abolished, through resignation, and the title of
this section was changed to the relocation dumps and placed in charge
of a general foreman at $225 per month.
On October 1, 1912, the following changes in the dividing line
between districts were put into effect :
Empire district to extend from the Chagres River to station 1760.
Cidebra construction district from station 1760 to Pedro Miguel
Locks, including incline tracks at Paraiso and the Isthmian Canal
Commission main line adjacent thereto, as far south as a point
opposite the north face of the northeast wing wall at the Pedro
Miguel locks.
Pedro Miguel construction district to comprise the central division
tracks south from a point opposite the north face of the northeast
wing wall of Pedro Miguel Locks and the Miraflores and Balboa
dumps.
160 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Owing to the program outlined for excavation work in Culebra
Cut, it was deemed advisable to extend the limits of Empire district
on the west side of the canal to include the large slide west of Cule-
bra, which was done under date of September 26, 1912.
On November 1, 1912, the jurisdiction of the general yardmasters
in the canal was changed to correspond with the limits of the con-
struction districts — i. e., Empire and Culebra.
On November 16, 1912, it was found necessary in the interest of
efficiency and econoni}^ to concentrate the timekeeping of the Culebra
and Empire construction districts in the office of the division engi-
neer, and the district time offices were abolished in these two districts.
On January 15, 1913, the above program was extended to include
the timekeeping force of the relocation dumps, one man being
assigned to look after routine work in that office.
CHANGES IN PERSONNEL.
On July 1, 1913, Mr. W. H. Bates, superintendent of steam shovel
repairs, and J. H. Moriarty, assistant superintendent of steam shovel
repairs, were transferred to the mechanical division.
On August 19, 1912, J. W. Sneed, superintendent of construction,
Chagres district, resigned.
On August 26, 1912, J. M. McNeill, assistant superintendent of
transportation, resigned.
On August 6, 1912, Fred L. Huff, assistant superintendent of con-
struction, Pedro Miguel district, resigned.
On August 19, 1912, Ranee Fergiison was appointed general fore-
man in charge of the relocation dumps, vice J. W. Sneed, resigned.
December 1, 1912, George W. Morrell, chief dispatcher, was
appointed assistant superintendent of transportation.
On December 1, 1912, W. T. Snyder was appointed chief dis-
patcher, vice George W. Morrell, promoted.
On October 20, 1912, W. M. McCoy, chief accountant, resigned.
On December 23, 1912, Rufus K. Booth was appointed chief ac-
countant, vice W. M. McCoy, resigned.
On February 2, 1913, Joseph Little, superintendent of construc-
tion, Culebra district, resigned.
Februai-y 3, 1913, M. W. Tenny, assistant engineer, was appointed
superintendent of construction, vice Joseph Little, resigned.
March 1, 1913, Wilbor D. Stanton was appointed assistant engi-
neer, vice M. W. Tenny, promoted.
March 30, 1913, George W. Morrell, assistant superintendent of
transportation, resigned.
Respectfully submitted.
D. D, Gaillard,
Lieutenant Colonel., Corps of Engineers.,
U. S. Army, Member Isthmian Canal Commission.,
Division Engineer., Central Division.
Col. Geo. W. Goethals, U. S. Army,
Chairman and Chief Engineer., Culehra, Canal Zone.
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APPENDIX D.
REPORT OF H. 0. COLE, RESIDENT ENGINEER, FIFTH DIVISION.
Isthmian Canal Commission,
Department of Construction and Engineering,
Fifth Division, Chief Engineer's Office,
Office of the Kesident Engineer,
Corozal^ Canal Zone, July 31, 1913.
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of opera-
tions in the fifth division of the chief engineer's office during the
fiscal j'^ear ending June 30, 1913 :
Division Organization.
Mr. S. B. Williamson, division engineer, and Mr. J. M. G. Watt,
assistant division engineer, of the Pacific division, having resigned,
the Pacific division was abolished and the fifth and sixth divisions
created in accordance with your Circular No. 183-S, effective Decem-
ber 12, 1912, at which time the writer, who was formerly in direct
charge of the construction of locks, dams, spillways, and transporta-
tion under the division engineer of the Pacific division, was ap-
pointed resident engineer in charge of the fifth division, including
the construction of the Miraflores and Pedro Miguel Locks, dams,
and spillway; dry excavation of the canal prism south of Pedro
Miguel; municipal and sanitary work in that territory; hydraulic
excavation; electrical department; Ancon quarry; transportation;
and division office.
Outside of the above administrative changes the personnel of the
forces has not changed materially, the organization and equipment
varying from time to time as the progress and conditions in the
work required. The electrical department was absorbed by the
mechanical division, effective May 1, 1913.
A summary of the principal items of work performed in the above
departments during the fiscal year is given in Table No. 1.
Table No. 1. — Principal items ofivork performed in the year ended June 30, 1913.
Class of work.
Dry excavation:
Work
Plant
Hydraulic excavation:
Work
Plant
Explosives used
Rock drilling:
By tripod drills
By well drills
By hand drills
Construction tracks laid.
Trestle bents framed
Piles driven 1
Dam filling, dry
Cacife filling
Cubic yards.
do
....do
do
Gross tons..
Linear feet . .
do
do
Miles
Number
do
Cubic yards.
do
Quantity.
11834°— 13 11
3, 415, 471. 00
738,963.00
461,527.00
15, 422. 00
673.60
875, 286. 00
234,877.00
400.00
29.22
54.00
812.00
532,492.00
1,495,919.00
161
162 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table No. 1. — Principal items of work performed in the year ended June 30, 1913 - Con.
Class of work.
Unit.
Quantity.
Concrete placed in locks:
Work
Plant
Concrete placed in dams, work
Concrete placed in spillway, work
Rock crushed
Return tracks laid
Coping drain covers
Lamp standards manufactured
Vitrified ducts laid
Fiber ducts laid
Roads maintained
Drains and ditches dug
Drains and ditches cleaned and graded.
Water pipe laid
Sewer pipe laid
Clearing and grubbing
Daily average force employed:
Pacific division
Fifth division
Cubic yards.
do
do
do
do
Linear feet . .
do
Number
Linear feet . .
do
Miles
Cubic yards.
Linear feet . .
do
do
Acres
Number.
do...
509,159.00
6, 487. 00
5,970.00
64,142.00
688,301.00
6,406.00
27,467.00
301.00
394,451.00
7,723.00
21.70
5,079.00
1,616,509.00
44,960.00
13,908.00
131.00
7, 489. 00
5, 946. 00
First District.
LOCKS, DAMS, SPILLWAY DAM, AND DRY EXCAVATION.
[J. A. Walker, superintendent, lock construction.]
[R. B. Tinsley, assistant engineer.]
[J. A. McCulloch, superintendent on e.xcavation.]
[J. H. Adams, supervisor on excavation.]
[W. J. Holmes, trainmaster.]
Pedro Miguel Locks and Dams.
The work consisted in excavating; preparing the lock foundations;
fabricating and erecting forms; making and placing concrete for the
lock, wing, and guide walls; the placing of fixed irons in masonry;
the back filling of lock walls; the filling in of north and south guide
walls and west dam — this work reaching the stage of practical com-
pletion during the fiscal year.
LOCK excavation.
The excavation consisted principally of the excavation of French
dump east of the lock site and excavation for the south guide wall
extension, increasing the total for lock excavation to 1,102,165 cubic
yards.
Table No. 2. — Lock and dam excavation, Pedro Miguel.
Lock excavation.
Dam excavation.
Month.
Earth.
Rock.
Total.
East core
wall.
West dam
core.
1912.
July
Cubic yards.
3,044
Cubic yards.
Cubic yards.
3,044
Cubic yards.
Ctibic yards.
274
September
956
220
45
665
304
October
November
:::::::::::i;:;;:::::::
December . .
1913.
January
Total this vcar
3,044
3,044
1,099,121
2,190
274
Previous to Julyl, 1912..
Total to date
1,102,165
1
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING — FIFTH DIVISION.
163
LOCK FOUNDATIONS.
The preparation of foundations for the guide and wing walls con-
sisted of pick and shovel work of cleaning up after steam shovels had
gotten all they could take, below the floor level.
Table No. 3. — Excavation for fowndatKyns, Pedro Miguel.
Month.
Earth.
Rock.
Total.
July
1912.
Cu. yds.
Cu. yds.
1,094
3,650
593
517
945
1,867
270
448
800
390
127
Cu. yds.
1,094
1,216
64
520
1,407
250
978
4,866
657
1,037
2, 352
2,117
1913.
1,248
448
800
230
620
May . ...
127
Total this vear
4,665
10, 701
15, 366
Previous to July 1 1912
179, 757
195, 123
CONSTRUCTION TRACKS.
All construction tracks were maintained, constructed, and relocated
as required; 5.61 miles of new tracks were laid.
PLACING CONCRETE.
The total amount of concrete placed in the Pedro Miguel Locks
during the fiscal year was 58,262 cubic yards, mixed entirely by auxil-
iary mixers consisting of two 2-cubic yard mixers located in the south
end of storage trestle in the forebay; also an average of 3.05 half-
cubic yard mixers were used, and were moved about as the necessities
required. The concrete was either handled by derricks and loco-
motive cranes or dumped into place direct by means of chutes. The
total yardage is made up of 39,465 cubic yards of plain concrete and
18,797 cubic yards of reenforced concrete. The amount of concrete
placed m the lock and dam at Pedro Miguel is shown in Table No. 4,
and the performance of the auxiliary concrete plant is given in Table
No. 5.
The total amount of concrete placed prior to June 30, 1913, in the
Pedro Miguel Locks is 906,187 cubic yards, shown progressively on
plate No. 97.
164 KEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table No. 4. — Concrete placed, lock and dam, Pedro Miguel.
July
August
September .
October. . .
November.
December.,
January..
February .
March
April
May
June
Month.
1913.
Total this year. . .
Previous to July 1, 1912.
Total to date
Lock.
Plain. Reenforced
Cubic yards.
6.142
3,911
2,384
6,362
7,541
5,508
4,950
2,362
123
62
106
14
39, 465
Cubic yards.
5,340
2,103
669
240
124
274
1,210
1,935
4,678
1,597
488
244
18,902
Dam
(plain).
Total.
Plain.
Work.
Cubic yards. Cubic yards.\Cubic yards
479
418
630
316
1,179
545
55
2,148
11,961
6,432
3,053
6,642
7,665
5,782
6,790
4,297
4,801
1,659
594
258
59,934
847,926
907,860
Table No. 5. — Performance of auxiliary concrete plant, Pedro Miguel, 1912-13.
Mixers used.
Work-
ing
days.
Working time
(mixer hours).
Concrete placed (cubic yards).
Month.
"^-'^-- yards).
Total.
Per day.
Total.
Per day.
Per
mixer
hour.
1912.
July
1.00
4.85
1.00
3.81
2'
2*
I
2
\
2
J
0
"i
2
t
'I
i
i
26
26
17
27
114.50
709. 25
65.00
700.50
4.40
27.27
3.82
25.92
4,486
7,368
1,373
4,910
172.54
283.38
80.76
181.85
39.2
10.4
21.1
7.0
2.71
24
339.50
14.15
2,932
122.16
8.6
2.93
28
593.25
21.18
5,609
200.32
9.5
4.38
24
777.75
32.41
7,819
325. 79
10.0
1913.
4.68
25
815.50
32.61
7,485
299.40
9.1
4.19
26
731.50
28.13
7,083
272.42
9.7
3.19
21
4.50.00
21.40
4,468
212.76
9.9
April
2.08
25
428.00
17.12
5,0&3
202.52
11.8
1.26
19
162.00
8.53
1,627
85.63
10.0
1.27
22
127.00
5.77
1,001
45.50
7.9
1.20
5
37.75
7.55
225
45.00
6.0
Totals:
2-yard mixers
One-half yard mixers.
1.00
3.05
2
43
272
179..^0
5,872.00
4.17
21., 59
5,859
55,590
136.2.5
204.37
.32.7
9.5
Note.— Quantities in above table are "bucket measurements;" 1,567 cubic yards of concrete mixed at
this plant were placed in Pedro Miguel dams.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING FIFTH DIVISION. 165
MISCELLANEOUS LOCK WORK.
Miscellaneous work done in connection with Pedro Miguel Locks is
compiled in Table No. 6.
Table No. 6. — Miscellaneous lock work at Pedro Miguel.
Trestle
bents
framed
(num-
ber).
Fiber
ducts
laid
(linear
feet).
Vitri-
fied
ducts
laid
(linear
feet).
Piles
driven
(num-
ber).
Water
gauges
set
(linear
feet).
Return
track
laid
(linear
feet).
Cooping
drain
covers
(linear
feet).
Steel placed.
Month.
Reenforc-
ing bars
(pounds).
Fixed
lock iron
(pounds) .
1912.
July
3,594
16, 278
28,808
24, 224
14,170
5,469
9,845
9,845
17,903
7,853
876
352
461
130
216
3,105
2,833
3,005
2,021
241
296
95
285,477
16,939
696
1,163
9,188
168,994
182,412
151,923
171,155
158, 278
6,670
150,014
97
84,296
6
""i"656"
525
1,058
126
658
210
13
36,342
1913.
ie'
73
392,838
May
128,751
i
Totals
19
3,633
138,865
16
170
943
11,812
1,152,895
792,241
BACK FILLING.
The back filling of the lock and wing walls was carried to completion
and the hard rock riprap finish for ends of wing walls was partly
placed at the close of the fiscal year, as shown in Table No. 7.
Table No. 7. — Back filling lock walls, Pedro Miguel.
July
August
September .
October
November .
December. .
January...
February.
March
April
May
June ,
Month.
Total this year
Previous to July 1, 1912.
Total to date.
East wall.
Cubic yds.
9,704
12,741
8,096
13,059
4,659
10, 996
11,023
13,335
19,400
20, 984
12, 496
• 6,780
143, 273
Center waU.
Cubic yds.
3,404
9,890
597
16, 897
14,597
3,420
15, 448
26,416
32,000
39,318
19, 950
11,275
193, 212
West wall.
Cubic yds.
480
2,670
9,200
4,768
""•iso'
Total.
Cubic yds.
13, 588
25,301
17, 893
29, 956
19, 256
14, 416
26, 471
52, 818
51,400
65, 070
32, 446
18, 535
367, 150
654, 537
1,021,687
FILLING WEST DAM.
The west dam at Pedro Miguel, consisting of rock-filled sides and
puddled clay core, was completed and the top finished at elevation
plus 107 with clay. The north face was liprapped with hard rock
at the 85-foot level; 114,117 cubic yards of fill were added during the
year, making a total fill of 696,558 cubic yards in the dam.
166
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table No. 8. — Filling of west dam, Pedro Miguel.
Month.
1912
July
August ,
September ,
October
November
December
Dam fill.
Cubic yards.
16, 150
12, 481
13,615
16,267
18,030
11,696
Month.
1913.
January
March
May
June
Total this year...
Previous to July 1, 1912
Total to date
Dam filL
CuMc yards,
20, 198
2,000
100
1 3, 580
114,117
582, 441
696,558
1 The 3,580 cubic yards placed during the month of June, 1913, consisted of hard rock riprap.
MiRAPLORES Locks, Dam and Spillway.
The lock excavation, preparing foundations, and placing concrete
for the Miraflores Locks proper were carried to completion during
the fiscal year. The construction of west dam was completed except
a small portion at the junction with the core wall and back fill of
the lock walls at the point where the west side main-line tracks pass
over.
The east dam and spillway excavation was completed and about
90 per cent of the concrete placed at the end of the fiscal year.
CONSTRUCTION TRACKS.
In addition to maintaining and moving tracks as required, 23.61
miles of new construction tracks were built in connection with the
work at Miraflores.
LOCK FOUNDATIONS.
The lock foundation work for the lower west wall was rendered very
difficult owing to slides and water-bearing strata of banks. It became
necessary in places to build retaining walls to prevent mud and water
from flowing in onto the foundation areas, the slides in the banks
often reacliing back to and carrying the berm crane tracks away,
thus necessitating the use of auxiliary concrete mixers for laying
concrete in wall bases to an elevation that would ])erniit back filling
to support berm crane tracks. The total amount of excavation taken
out for the main lock foundations during the fiscal year was 49,048
cubic yards.
The north guide wall is supported entirely on concrete caissons
sunk to bedrock. These caissons consisted of reenforced concrete
shells, 7^ feet in diameter and 1 foot thick, ])uilt up in sections 6 feet
long and sunk progressively, the bottom shell having a steel shoe
for cutting ed^e. The interior excavation was loaded into buckets
of about 5 cubic feet capacity by hand and hoisted by handling
plants consisting of eight units operated b}^ one engine, the units
being joined by continuous sprocket chain.
The caissons were sunk to bedrock and filled with concrete, forming
solid columns, and were spaced 15-foot centers longitudinally and
27-foot centers transversely. The cellular guide wall was then sup-
ported on heavily reenforced concrete girders spanning the caissons
in both directions. The progress in sinking foundation caissons for
the north guide wall is shown on plate No. 98.
CONSTKUCTION AND ENGINEERING FIFTH DIVISION.
Table No 9, — Excavation for foundations, Mirafiorcs Locks.
167
Month.
Dam core
(earth).
Lock excavation.
Earth.
Rock.
Total.
July
1912.
Cubic yards.
Cubic yards.
356
166
455
520
2,274
22
Cubic yards.
5,086
6,044
3,404
3,944
3,320
9,980
7,632
2,355
3,100
390
Cubic yards.
5,442
6,210
1,333
3,S59
4,464
530
5,594
10,002
1913.
7,632
2,355
3,100
8,060
390
Total
9,923
3,793
45,255
49,048
CONCRETE-HANDLING PLANT.
The construction plant consists of four berm and four chamber
cranes, as described in previous annual reports. Two berm cranes
are located on the west side and two on the east side, which were used
in the construction of the side walls. The chamber cranes were used
in the concrete construction of the middle and south guide walls, and
also for back fiUing the same with earth and rock. The concrete was
delivered to these chamber cranes by the narrow-gauge equipment,
supplied principally by two 2-yard mixers located in the side wall
and partly by the berm cranes deUvering concrete to the buckets on
the transfer cars by means of hoppers and chutes. The back filling
was supplied on both narrow-gauge and standard-gauge cars, in
2 cubic yard skips, which were loaded direct by steam shovels excavat-
ing in the canal prism. The concrete-handUng cranes were also used
in handUng forms and irons which were placed in the masonry. After
the lock gate construction in the lower east chamber started one cham-
ber crane was confined to the upper east chamber, one to the lower
east chamber, and two along the east side of the south guide wall.
The concrete in the locks proper was completed on May 17, except
reenf orced concrete fioor and stairway in the middle wall at the j unc-
tion of the upper and lower locks, which was completed on June 10.
On account of the shdes, the concrete in the southwest wall was fin-
ished last, the east berm cranes completing their work of construct-
ing the east wall some two or three months prior, but were continued
in use by supplying concrete to the chamber cranes for the construc-
tion of a portion of the south guide wall, and, as will be noted, were
subsequently used for supplying concrete in the construction of the
spillway dam.
PLACING CONCRETE.
The total amount of concrete placed in the Miraflores Locks during
the past fiscal year is 450,655 cubic yards, made up of 402,607 cubic
yards of plain and 48,048 cubic yards of reenforced concrete. The
total amount of concrete placed in the Miraflores Locks to July 1,
1913, is 1,476,758 cubic yards. The progress of concrete construc-
tion work is shown graphically on plate No. 99, and the perform-
ance records of the permanent and auxifiary concrete construction
plants are given in the following tables:
168
EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
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CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEEEING — FIFTH DIVISION.
169
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ssst
►5 4.5 +J w
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in t-* »0 O C^ I^
csi as occ CO c^
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iO 'O lO ■^ CO lO
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to CJ Q 'rr --< C^
C^ CS c5 C<» (>) CO
• O CO •-< »C t^ 1-H
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TT I>-OiO 00 »0
TT O *C C^ CO lO
»o »o '^ o »o »o
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•« o
ca-
fe!:!
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lO O 1-H T-H 00 CD
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oi r- t-» o o 0:1
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r- 1^ lo »o to 00
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TP CO --I TP t-< OS
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1-^ 00 10 C^ GC i-H
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170 EEPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table No. 12. — Performance of auxiliary concrete plant at Miraflores, 1912-13.
Mixers used.
Work-
ing
days.
Working time
(mixer hours).
Concrete placed.
Month.
Average
number.
Size
(cubic
yards).
Total.
Per day.
Total.
Per day.
Per
mixer
hour.
1912.
July
2.48
6.15
2.00
6.04
' 1.68
1.59
4.91
1.57
1.81
5.04
1.61
3.29
1.75
2.80
1.00
2.58
1.00
1.70
2
\
2
2^
1
i
2
1
i
1
1
i
1
1
i
1
J
1
i
27
26
27
27
22
17
24
21
26
27
13
24
16
25
22
23
467.96
1,096.60
483. 54
1,132.50
289. 60
143. 50
896.00
197.23
295.00
997.00
123.50
520.50
177.00
472.50
147.50
567. 00
16.00
281.00
17.33
42.18
17.91
41.94
13.16
8.44
37.33
9.39
11.34
36.93
9.27
21.70
11.06
18.90
6.70
21.81
5.33
12.22
Cu. yds.
31,443
10,620
34, 784
11,551
19, 128
2,221
7,996
12, 248
5,413
9, 253
2,100
4,550
1,9.53
3,822
1,731
4,723
157
2,458
Cu. yds.
1,164.55
408. 46
1,251.26
427.81
869. 45
130. 65
333. 17
583.24
208. 19
342. 70
161.54
189. 58
122.06
152.88
78.68
181.65
52.33
106. 87
Cu. yds.
67.2
August
September
9.6
69.9
10.2
66.0
October
12.5
8.9
62.1
18.4
9.3
17.4
December
1913.
January
8.7
11.0
8.1
11.7
8.4
9.8
8.7
1.69
26
322.00
12.38
2,630
101.15
8.1
1.29
21
162. 75
7.75
1,257
59.86
7.7
1.00
19
134.00
7.05
803
42.26
6.0
1.00
11
64.00
5.82
479
43.55
7.5
Totals:
2-yard mixers
1-yard mixers
One-lialf-yard mixers.
1.93
1.46
3.12
2
1
i
97
97
279
1,438.33
902.50
6, 645. 85
14.83
9.30
23.82
97,603
13,575
60, 142
1,006.22
139.95
215. 56
67.8
15.0
9.0
Note. — Quantities in above table are "bucket measurements."
The complete records of the performances of the permanent con-
crete plant, at both Pedro Miguel and Miraflores, are shown diagram-
matically on plates Nos. 100 and 101.
Table No. 13. — Concrete placed tn locls and west dam at Miraflores.
Month.
1912.
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913.
January
February
March
April
May
June
Total this year...
Previous to July 1, 1912
Total to date
Lock concrete.
Plain.
Cubic
yards.
60,857
68, 184
41,178
49, «)3
34,784
42,763
45,. 501
31,692
15, 742
9,350
3,447
106
402, 607
1,003,659
Reen-
forced.
Cubic
yards.
5,171
7,229
4,962
5,807
5, 102
4,986
4,973
3,292
3,. 5.30
1,930
012
591
Plant.
Cubic
yards.
7S
CO
58
97
(iO
50
'862'
9()0
652
747
48, 185
22,444
1,406,266
70,629
Reen-
forced.
Cubic
yards.
60
123
49
235
248
715
West
Dam
(plain).
Cubic
yards
150
2,628
755
430
4,403
Cubic
yards.
06, 256
75,473
46, 198
54,907
39,946
48, 189
53,212
35,862
20,564
12,289
4,946
1,692
459,534
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING — FIFTH DIVISION.
CONCRETE FORMS.
171
The wooden forms used in the concrete construction are similar
to those described and illustrated in previous annual reports.
MISCELLANEOUS LOCK WORK.
Miscellaneous work performed in connection with the Miraflores
locks is compiled in Table No. 14.
Table No. 14. — Miscellaneous lock work at Mirafiores.
Month.
Trestle
bents
framed
(num-
ber).
Fiber
ducts
laid
(linear
feet).
Vitri-
fied
ducts
laid
(linear
feet).
Piles
driven
(num-
ber).
Piling
founda-
tions
(linear
feet).
Return
tracks
laid
(linear
feet).
Coping
drain
covers
(linear
feet).
Steel placed.
Reenforc-
ing bars
(pounds).
Fixed
lock iron
(pounds).
July
August
September.
October . . .
November .
Decenber..
January . .
February .
March
April
May
June
Total.
450
260
l,7b0
584
1,016
19,910
27, 140
14, 020
IS, 336
13,500
36,852
10,542
10,542
32,976
48, 456
17,056
6,256
525
5,740
5,040
1,295
12,145
206
131
264
115
60
2,605
3,950
6,825
480
330
420
3"0
172
870
900
835
766
230
90
4,090
255,586
38, 125
5,463
4,115
3,755
3,983
2,679
320
493
26
15,655
595, 018
477, 584
354, 175
309, 453
356,995
256, 168
99, 343
77, 770
69,919
52, 636
74, 377
9,179
2, 732, 617
452,494
825, 613
1,436,729
582, 145
436, 735
529, 148
981, 702
203,380
215, 263
550, 175
386, 880
209,818
6, 810, 182
WEST DAM.
The method of constructing the west dam at Miraflores with
hydraulic core filling is described in previous annual reports*
The dry fiUing and finishing work of this dam has continued
throughout the year, and at the close of the fiscal year was com-
pleted with the exception of a small part of the junction to the back
filling of the west wall, at which point it is left low on account of the
crossing of the west side main-line tracks.
During the year a complete covering has been made to the hydraulic
clay core. Much difficulty was experienced in making this dry fill over
the core on account of the hydraulic fill being soft and deep, per-
mitting the dry fill to arch, until sufficient weight was added ; then
the fill would sheer off almost vertically and subside, carrying tracks
with it,' necessitating great care while dumping, lest trains be carried
down also.
As shown in Table No. 15, 418,375 cubic yards were added during
the past fiscal year.
172 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Tablk No. 15. — Filling of west dnm, Miraflorcs (dry fll).
Month.
1912
July
Aujrust
September
October
November
December
1913,
Jamiary
February
Fill.
Cubic yards.
37,820
45,140
17, 970
67, 265
46, 115
42,485
52, 195
35,000
Month.
1913— Continued
March
April
May
June
Total this year
Previous to July 1, 1912
Total to date
Fill.
Cubic yards.
43,800
16,215
12.570
11,800
418,375
1,241,624
1,659,999
BACK FILLING.
Back filling the lock walls has been continued throughout the year
with material from the prism excavation, and was approximately 98
per cent completed at the close of the fiscal year. The amount of
back filling placed during the year is shown in the following table:
Table No. 16. — Back filling lock walls, Miraflorcs.
July
August
September.
October
November .
December.,
January...
February.
March
April ,
May
June
Month.
1912.
1913.
Total this year
Previous to July 1, 1912.
Total to date.
East wall. Center wall. West wall. Total.
Cubic yards.
54,680
63, 874
30,410
29, 770
17,704
35,289
12,800
10,059
1,700
4,680
3,930
264,896
Cubic yards,
6,211
1,996
925
1,414
1,554
352
314
8,800
26, 856
24,214
76,665
149,301
Cubic yards.
18,396
14,815
13,974
40,415
49, 793
59, 796
99,142
67,578
88,500
85,118
62,260
114,785
714,572
Cuoic yards.
79,287
78, 689
46,380
71,110
68,911
96,639
112,294
77,951
99,000
116,654
90, 404
191,450
1,128,769
1,034,498
2,163,267
SPILLWAY DAM, MIRAFLORES.
During September and October, 1912, 9,896 cubic yards of exca-
vation were made for the spillway dam by the hydraulic method.
Owing to the limited space in the vicinity of rivers and railroad tracks
this method was abandoned and the excavation was continued by
the use of steam shovels, also by hand excavation loading skips,
wliicli were handled by derricks and locomotive cranes. The central
division tracks passing through the spillway site, and over which
Lidgerwood trains operated from the Culebra Cut, were removed on
March 1, thus permitting full access for excavating the foundations
of the dam from east to west.
More or less diiliculty was experienced owing to the fact of the Rio
Grande passing through the site of the dam, which had to be diverted
from time to time as the excavation work progressed. The concrete
in the west ond of the dam was finally })r()ught up to the elevation
of the bottom of the river and an opening left in the concrete through
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING — FIFTH DIVISION.
173
which to divert the river. The river was diked off and confined to
this space, which ehminated further particular trouble from this
source. . . , , , -n , • i
The amount of excavation reqmred for the spillway dam is shown
in the following table:
Table No. 17. — Excavation for Miraflores spillway dam.
Month.
September .
October
November .
December. .
1912.
Januar}-..
Febniary .
March
April
May
Total .
Steam shovel.
Earth.
Cubic yards.
1,555
1,567
3,122
Rock.
Cubic yards.
9,333
20, 814
13,993
12, 476
22,300
11,158
Hand.
Earth.
Cubic yards.
796'
90,074
790
Rock.
Cvibic yards.
3i6'
4,' 769'
4,808
10, 177
3,300
3,647
3,778
30,789
Hydraulic,
Cubic yards.
3,000
6,896
9,896
Total.
Cubic yards.
3,000
16, 539
21,604
20,317
18, 851
10, 177
25,600
14, 805
3,778
134,671
CONCRETE WORK, MIRAFLORES SPILLWAY.
In order to facilitate the construction of both the excavation and
concrete work, a trestle was driven along the north face of the spill-
way dam with a spur track leading off and connecting with the
main-Hne tracks north of the spillway. From this trestle locomotive
cranes were operated in handhng concrete and materials to the wall.
Narrow-gauge tracks were built from the berm cranes located on the
east side of the locks to the south toe of the dam, ending in various
spurs leading to derricks which handled the concrete, mixed by the
berm cranes and delivered on transfer cars in 2-cubic-yard buckets-
similar to the deUvery to chamber cranes. The concrete work in the
dam was approximately 90 per cent completed at the close of the
fiscal year.
The amount of concrete placed in the spillway dam is shown in the
following table:
Table No. IS. — Concrete placed m Miraflores spillway dam.
Month.
Plain.
Reenforced.
Total.
1913.
Cubic yards.
1,077
3,653
12,432
6,222
18,607
21, 716
Cubic yards.
Cubic yards.
1,077
3,653
12,432
62
130
243
6,284
M^y
18, 737
21,959
Total
63, 707
435
64,142
174 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table No. 19. — Performance of auxiliary concrete plant, Miraflores Spillway Dam.
Month.
1912.
December
1913.
January
February
March
April
May
June
Totals:
1-yard mixers
One-half-yard mixers,
Mixers used.
Average
number.
1.00
1.41
1.00
1.80
1.00
1.41
Size.
Cu. ijds.
1
1.54
1.00
1.84
1.00
1.43
1.00
Work-
ing
days.
147
48
Mixer hours.
Total.
169.00
160.00
31.00
i'ig. 50
30.00
154. 50
268. 25
138.25
360. 75
119.00
1,386.50
318. 25
Per
dav.
6.76
7.27
6.20
10.38
5.00
7.02
10.32
6.91
14.41
7.00
9.43
6.63
Concrete placed.
Total.
Cu. yds.
315
3,641
3,457
346
5, 705
266
2,853
6,415
2, 813
9.537
3,203
31,923
6,628
Per dav.
Cu. yds.
157.50
145.64
157.14
69.20
228. 20
44.33
129.68
246. 73
140.60
381.48
188.41
217.16
138. 08
Per mixer
hour.
Cu. yd.t.
21.7
21.5
21.6
11.2
21.9
8.9
18.5
23.9
20.3
26.5
26.9
23.0
20.8
Dry Excavation.
The excavation by steam shovels in the canal prism, south of the
Miraflores Locks, and also between the Pedro Miguel and Miraflores
Locks, was continued throughout the year, the spoil being used for
the back fiUing of the lock waUs, filling dams, and the filling in of
swamp areas on the east and west sides of the canal.
In order to more equaUy divide the excavation by steam shovels
and by dredges, a new dike was built across the canal prism at station
2111, or approximately 3,300 feet north of the old dike. After
closing down the hydraulic excavating plant on December 1, 1912,
which had excavated the area between these dikes to rock at elevation
approximately minus 20, the area was drilled to grade, or minus 45
feet below mean sea level, and blasted, preparatory to being excavated
by dredges after the area was rewatered. After the area was blasted
and previous to turning the water in, steam shovels took out 59,000
cubic yards in the dry. Tlie south dike was then drilled to grade and
blown up on May 18, using 33,000 pounds of 60 per cent dynamite,
permitting the water to enter between the dikes, after which the
dredges proceeded with the excavation. Prior to blowing up of
dike, however, water was brought up to mean sea level by the use of
pumps, siphons, etc., to prevent injury to new dike by the inrush of
water.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING FIFTH DIVISION.
Table No. 20. — Dry excavation in canal prism.
175
Month.
1912
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913,
January
Febniary
March
April
May
June
Total
Steam shovels.
Earth. Rock
Cubic yds.
72, 05.5
89, 576
95, 253
52,323
62, 466
81,352
114,787
106, 752
134,300
140, 597
81,536
67,084
1,098,081
Cubic yds.
80,500
93,994
47, 755
167,636
17,5,112
221,1,96
293, ISO
225,026
231,700
234, tS?
179, 478
162,810
2,112,770
Plant.
Cubic yds.
1,522
5,700
7,222
Total
(work).
Cubic yds.
152, 5.55
1&3,570
143,008
219,959
237, 578
302, 448
407,967
331,778
366,000
375,080
201.014
229, 894
3,210,851
The details showing the performance of steam shovels during the
fiscal year are given in the lollowing tables:
Table No. 21. — Performance of steam shovels at Pedro Miguel.
Month.
1912.
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913.
January
February
March
AprU
May
June
Total...
Average
number
of
shovels
working.
2.61
2.66
2.21
1.41
1.95
2.00
2.62
2.87
3.96
3.88
1.58
1.00
2.40
Hours
under
steam.
544
592
432
304
280
400
544
528
792
808
328
200
5,752
Hours
working.
106.75
131.00
117.92
123. 75
83.25
174. 33
277. 42
262.25
479. 58
500.83
166. 08
128.25
2,551.41
Material loaded per month.
Earth.
Cubic
yards.
27,419
32,047
18,028
17,252
20,096
26, 152
42, 470
40, 719
69,000
50,051
21, 711
12,814
377, 759
Rock.
Cubic
1,867
1,867
Total.
Cubic
yards.
27,419
32,047
18, 028
17,252
20,096
28,019
42, 470
40, 719
69,000
50,051
21,711
12,814
379, 626
Average
per hour
under
steam.
Cubic
yards.
50.40
54.13
41.73
56.75
71.77
70.05
78.07
77.12
87.12
61.92
66.13
64.07
66.00
Rainfall.
Inches.
11.54
9.51
10.76
10.48
8.43
3.91
1.10
.07
.00
1.04
13.48
9.00
79.32
176 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table No. 22. — Performance of steam shovels at Miraflores.
Month.
Average
number
of
shovels
working.
ITours
under
steam.
Hours
working.
Material loaded per month.
Earth.
Koek.
Total.
Average
per hour
under
steam.
Rainfall.
1912
July
August
September...
October
November. . .
December
1913.
January
February
March . ."
April
May
June
Total . .
6.19
7.96
9.67
9.33
10.51
10.84
10.84
11.26
11.88
11.81
9.46
8.76
1,849
2,524
2,604
2,989
2,8.54
3, 158
3,384
3,108
3,564
2,998
2,047
1,832
496.58
573. 42
887. 95
994.00
979. 58
1,317.08
1,556.33
1,401.17
1,539.08
1,490.75
1,231.34
1,013.75
Cubic
yards.
48,500
58, 745
77, 289
35,071
43,777
56, 755
74,862
67,555
68,100
98, 606
59,825
54,270
Cubic
yards.
80,500
94,838
47, 755
176,969
195,926
235,089
305,656
225,026
256,900
245,641
179.478
162, 810
Cubic
yards.
129,000
153,583
125,044
212, 040
239, 703
291,844
380,518
292,581
325.000
344,247
239.303
217,080
Cubic
yards.
69.76
60.42
48.02
70.94
83.98
92.41
112.45
94.14
91.19
114.82
116.90
118. 49
9.88
32,911
13, 481. 03
743, 355
2,206,588
2,949,943
89.63
Inches.
8.37
11.-35
14.45
15.44
11.89
6.75
2.65
2.49
.00
0.79
12.33
9.49
96.00
The following mining work was performed in connection with the
dry excavation at Miraflores and Pedro Miguel:
Table No. 23. — Mining.
Item.
Drilling with power drills
Drilling with hand drills
Average number of feet drilled per cubic yard
of material excavated.
Explosives used
Average number of pounds of dynamite used
per cubic yard of material e.xcavated.
Unit.
Linear feet.
do
do
Gross tons.
Pounds ...
Pedro
Miguel.
15, 232
0.04
2.13
0.013
Miraflores.
1,049,642
0.359
579. 33
0.437
Total.
1,064,874
0.320
581.460
0.391
Third District,
municipal and sanitary work.
[W. G. Spalding, assistant engineer.]
Municipal Engineerinc
This department operates and maintains certain permanent plants
and makes all municipal improvements within the division, including
the city of Panama. The permanent plants are the Ancon pumping
and filtration station, Cocoli pumping station, and the Rio Grande
and Cocoli reservoirs.
ANCON PUMPING AND FILTRATION STATION.
The only change made in this station during the year was the mov-
ing of the two 8 by 20 foot pressure filters from the basement of the
IVIiraflores power house and instaUing the same at the Ancon filtration
plant, thus increasing the filter units at this plant to five. By this
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING — FIFTH DIVISION.
177
arrangement the water from the Rio Grande and Cocoli reservoirs
was served for domestic use to Pedro Miguel, Miraflores, and Corozal
vvdthout filtering, but the change was necessary on account of the
increased consumption at Ancon and Panama overrunning the ca-
pacity of the filters.
This plant was maintained and operated at a cost shown in Table
No. 24.
Table No. 24. — Details of work and cost: Ancon pumping and filtration station.
Montb.
1912
July
August <
September
October
November
December
1913
January
Febraary
March
April
May
June
Total
Water
pumped.
Oallons.
14,195,000
12,754,000
15,656,000
14,426,000
13,218,000
15,817,000
18,691,000
29,699,000
35,613,000
35,393,000
36,853,000
32,859,000
275,174,000
Cost of pumping.
Labor.
$369.09
423.87
380. 18
488. 36
341.90
261. 82
280. 43
263.72
305.42
324. 02
337. 81
417.11
4, 193. 73
Material.
$699.41
690. 48
720.62
729. 14
573. 34
638.45
406.76
398. 46
589. 80
629.20
748. 85
525.49
7, 350. 00
Total.
$1,068. .50
1,114.35
1,100.80
1,217.50
915. 24
900.27
687. 19
662. IS
895. 22
953. 22
1,086.66
942. 60
11.543.73
Per 1,000
gallorLS.
. 07.53
. 0890
.0703
.0844
.0692
.0570
.0367
.0222
.0251
.0269
.0294
.0287
.0419
Month.
1912.
July
August
September
October . *
November
December
1913.
January
February
March . .'
April
May
June
Total
Water
filtered.
Oallons.
55, 606, 750
65, 770, 500
62,524,000
64, 194, 750
61,458,250
70,142,000
77,330,000
85,778,000
96,800,000
91,374,000
86,365,000
84,780,000
902, 123, 250
Cost of filtering.
Labor. Material.
$42. 78
15.47
12.39
13.92
103.77
28.41
43.76
49.35
63.28
79.90
61.83
58.89
573. 75
$10.31
153.28
6.22
89. 04
453.38
83.51
110.38
.26
183.52
180.53
584.03
141.67
1,996.13
Total.
$53.09
168. 75
18. 61
102. 96
557.15
111.92
154.14
49.61
246.80
260.43
645. 86
200.56
Per 1,000
galloiLS.
■SO. 0(M9
.0026
.0003
.0016
.0090
.0016
.0019
.0005
.0025
.0028
.0074
.0024
.0028
COCOLI PUMPING PLANT.
This station was operated throughout the year, supplying water
from the Cocoli Reservoir to the Rio Grande supply main through
two 10-inch discharge lines. The plant was described in the last
annual report.
The cost of operation is given in Table No. 25.
11834°— 13 12
178 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table No. 25. — Details of work and cost: Cocoli pumping station.
Month.
Water
pumped.
Cost of pumping.
Labor.
Material.
Total.
rer 1,000
gallons.
1912.
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913.
January
February
March
April
May
June
Total
Gallons.
178,560,000
178,560,000
65,371,800
41,144,000
27,216,000
113, 180, 000
163, 285, 500
166, 288, 500
173,365,500
161,390,000
172,647,300
141,186,500
1,582,195,100
S479. 89
441.38
399. 39
465.07
305.51
318.08
499,64
655.72
736. 31
531.90
090.06
468. 27
$4,423.88
4,553.51
291.61
267. 79
43.52
2.23
1,889.86
370.55
177.60
243. 27
838.84
2,065.20
S4, 903. 77
4, 994. 89
691.00
732. 86
349.03
320.31
2,389.50
1, 026. 27
913. 91
775. 17
1,528.90
2, 533. 47
5,991.22
15,167.86
21, 159. (
SO. 0219
.0280
.0106
.0177
.0128
.0028
.0140
.0062
.0052
.0048
.0088
.0179
0. 0134
RIO GR.\NDE AND COCOLI RESERVOIRS.
These reservoirs supply Culebra and all points south, including
the city of Panama, with water for both domestic and construction
purposes. The consumption during the fiscal year from these
reservoirs has been greater than in any previous year, and is shown
in Table No. 26.
T.^BLE No. 26. — Water consumption from Rio Grande and Cocoli Reservoirs.
Fiscal year.
Reservoirs.
Total.
Rio Grande.
Cocoli.
1905 1
Gallons.
942,200,000
1,104,421,000
1,259,771,000
1,410,057,000
1,184,&H1,370
1,360,224,700
Gallons.
Gallons.
1906 1
1907 3
1908 •.
942,200,000
1909
1,104,421,000
1910
38,179,000
327,733,000
871,045,000
1,582,195,100
1,297,950,000
1,737,790,000
2,055,726,370
2,942,419,800
1911
1912
1913
1 Water first turned into main to Ancon on June 26, 1905, and into Panama on July 4, 1905.
2 No record.
3 Venturi meter installed January, 1907. No record of water consumption between date of installa-
tion of meter and July 1, 1907.
RIO GRANDE RESERVOIR.
The Rio Grande Reservoir has been maintained at a total cost of
$3,630.47 for the year, and has furnished 1,360,224,700 gallons of
water.
COCOLI RESERVOIR.
The Cocoli Reservoir is a temporary water supply formed by the
west dam at Miraflores and fed by the Cocoli Kiver; it will subse-
quently be a portion of the Miraflores Lake.
The cost of maintaining' this reservoir has been $333.02, a.ad it has
supplied 1,582,195,100 gallons of water during the year.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING FIFTH DIVISION. 179
The following is general information pertaining to the reservoirs :
Table No. 27. — Reservoirs.
Detail.
Unit.
Rio Grande.
Cocoli.
Total.
Drainage area.
Maximum lake area
Elevntion of spillway -witli flashboards
Maximum depth of water
Total capacity
Storage at lowest elevation, 1912-13
Average daily consumption, 1912-13
Average daily consumption, city of Panama
S q u ar (
miles.
Acres
Feet
..do
Gallons. .
..do
..do
..do
3.15
72.77
238.17
52.77
490,667,000
94, .504, 000
3,753,4.52
17.00
129. 51
43.00
33.64
798,700,000
373,235,000
4, 600, 720
20. 15
202.28
,289,367,000
467,739,000
8,354,172
1,745,058
The total amount of water consumed in the past year was 2,942,-
419,800 gallons, including 626,949,250 gallons used in the city of
Panama.
Table No. 28. — Consumption of water by dtstncts, 1912-13.
Month.
Panama.
Ancon high
service.
Balboa (6-
inch and 10-
inch mains).
Cucaracha
pump.
1912
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913
January
February
March
April
May
June
Total
Gallons.
41,411,750
53,016,500
46, 868, 000
49, 768, 750
48, 240, 250
54,325,000
58,639,000
56,079,000
61,187,000
55,981,000
49,512,000
51,921,000
Gallons.
14,195,000
12,754,000
15,656,000
14,426,000
13,218,000
15,817,000
18,691,000
29,699,000
35,613,000
35,393,000
36,853,000
32,859,000
626,949,250
275,174,000
Gallons.
16, 739, 100
18,747,400
17,251,100
17, 210, 800
19, 726, 80O
22,854,300
23,918,300
18, 169, 700
22, 208, 000
23,465,200
24, 516, 800
29,551,900
Gallons.
14,340,400
13,850,000
13,040,000
13,332,000
16,475,900
13,848,000
12,746,000
10,1.56.000
13,875,000
14,600,000
15,200,000
13,723,000
254,359,400
165,186,300
Month.
Pedro Miguel,
Paraiso,
Cucaracha,
Miraflores,
Corozal, and
Ancon low
service.
Source of supply.
Rio Grande
Reservoir.
Cocoli Res-
ervoir.
Total.
1912.
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913.
January
February ,
March ,
April
May
June
Total
Gallons.
150, 118, 750
162, 402, 100
139,318,200
117,644,750
102,413,950
131,437,700
138,905,200
139, 186, 800
130,024,500
138,873,800
143,506,500
126,918,600
Gallons.
58, 245, 000
82,210,000
166,761,500
171,238,300
172,858,900
125,102,000
89,614,000
87,002,000
89,542,000
106,923,000
96,941,000
113,787,000
Gallons.
178,560,000
178,560,000
65,371,800
41,144,000
27,216,000
113,180,000
163, 285, 500
166, 288, 500
173,-365,500
161,390,000
172,647,300
141,186,500
Gallons.
236, 805, 000
260,770,000
232,133,300
212,382,300
200,074,900
238,282,000
252,899,500
253,290,500
262,907,-500
268,313,000
269,588,300
254,973,500
1,620,750,850
1,360,224,700
1,582,195,100
2,942,419,800
Note.— The consumption given for Pedro Miguel, Paraiso, Cucaracha, Miraflores, Corozal, and Ancon
low service is the difference between the total consumption of the various other districts (which are
metered) and the total supply.
180 EEPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
PANAMA IMPROVEMENTS.
The following municipal and sanitary improvements in the city of
Panama have been made by the commission during the fiscal year:
One thousand two hundi'ed and forty-four linear feet of 6-inch
sewers were installed in the Chorillo district, and two concrete man-
holes constructed, for JVIr. Ora Miller, at a total cost for labor, material,
and supervision of $717.15.
Damage to street work at the junction of C and Seventeenth Streets,
caused by flood, was repaired by making 77 cubic yards of fill, laying
52 Unear feet of 8-inch vitrified sewer pipe and 271 linear feet of con-
crete curb and gutter, at a cost of $412.89.
New streets were built and paved with 2,562 square yards of mac-
adam and 2,114 linear feet of concrete curbs and gutters laid in the
vicinity of the new Panama Railroad station; also 12 catch basins
were installed. The street grading required 2,035 cubic yards of
excavation. The total cost of these improvements was $4,127.82.
A 6-inch sewer lateral was installed to the property of Mr. Domingo
Diaz, at the corner of I Street and the Zone Lme Road, at a cost of
$10.31.
Five hundred and sixty linear feet of 8-inch and 33 linear feet of
6-inch vitrified sewer pipe were laid and two manholes constructed
connecting the Panama Government stables on the Caledonia Road
with the sewer main on Neveria Road, at a cost of $233.80. Exca-
vation and back fill amounted to 167 cubic yards.
An artesian well, 200 feet in depth, was drilled for the Panama
Brewing & Refrigerating Co., at a cost of $86.17.
Four hundred and seventy-one linear feet of concrete curbs and gut-
ters were built along the south side of C Street from West Fourteenth
to West Sixteenth Streets, also on the north side of C Street from West
Fourteenth to West Fifteenth Streets, and C Street was macadamized
with 522 square yards of paving between West Fourteenth and West
Sixteenth Streets. Total cost, $1,130.81.
One hundred square yards of vitrified brick paving was removed,
850 linear feet of cable ducts were installed and 5 manholes con-
structed, and pavement replaced, in connection with the construc-
tion of an underground conduit for the cables of the Central & South
American Cable Co., from their office on Central Avenue to the beach.
Cost of work, $2,714.96.
West Sixteenth Street lying between B and C Streets was improved
by the laying of 571 linear feet of concrete curb and gutter and 551
square yards of macadam paving, at a total cost of $1,631.39.
NEW TOWN SITE AND ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, BALBOA.
Work in connection with the layout of the permanent town site and
administration building was started in March. Surveys were also
made for the JMarine reservation, adjacent to the new town site and
in the vicinity of the Ancon quarry.
After the general plans of the town site were made and the drainage
areas determined outfall storm sewers were designed and construction
work started as follows: Seven hundred and fifty linear feet of 5^
by 8 foot reenforced concrete storm sewer from the old iron bridge
southward to the sea; also 1,222 hnoar feet of 3 by 3 foot reenforced
concrete drain from the electric light plant in a southeasterly direction,
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING FIFTH DIVISION.
181
which wiU subsequently be a branch of the main outfall storm sewer,
was practically completed.
A new 20-foot macadam highway was partially constructed around
the south side of Sosa Hill to the Panama Raih-oad docks, and the
portion from the Union Oil Co.'s plant to the docks was graded and
the metal placed and practically completed for a total length of
approximately 2,050 feet.
A portion of the town-site district, on the north side of Sosa Hill
and between the Balboa Road and the Panama Railroad yard, was
filled hydraulically with material pumped by dredge No. 85 from the
Balboa inner harbor excavation, which brought this territory up from
elevation approximately plus 14 to plus 20.
A layout for the permanent laborers' barracks on the south side of
Sosa Hill was made and the construction work for sewer systems
started.
The location of the new administration building on a knoll on the
west side of the Ancon Hill was approved, and excavation by steam
shovel of approximately 36,500 cubic yards was required in order to
grade the site preparatory to the installation of foundations. The
concrete piers for the columns were installed, and the contractors
began the erection of the steel frame of the superstructure on June 18
ZONE WATERWORKS.
The water mains were patrolled and maintained and all necessary
house connections, standpipes, and fire hydrants installed.
On account of the future inundation it was necessary to take up
the old 16-inch Rio Grande water-supply main between Pedro Miguel
and the Miraflores power house and relay the same along the Panama
Railroad line, which is above the future level of the Miraflores Lake.
This main was taken up and partially relaid at the close of the fiscal
year.
On account of the construction work of the locks and spillway dam,
it was necessary to relay portions of the 10-inch supply mains between
the Cocoli pumps and the junction with the 16-mch main at the
Miraflores power house.
_ Water-supply mains were constructed and changed from time to
time, as required, for construction purposes.
Water connections were made to 83 houses during the year at a
total cost of S4, 992.98.
A detailed statement of waterworks construction is shown in Table
No. 29.
Table No. 29. — Zone, waterworks construction .
Item (class of pipe).
Unit.
Item (class of pipe).
Unit.
20-inch cast iron
Linearfeet.
228
7,631
4,820
120
2,560
340
3,656
6-inch black iron
Linearfeet.
5 680
16-inch cast iron
6-inch galvanized iron
2 465
10-inch cast iron
430
10-inch black iron
2,065
13, 145
8-inch cast iron
7-ineh black iron
3-inch galvanized iron
2-ineh galvanized iron
1,380
440
6-ineh cast iron
Total
Total
19,355
25 605
Grand total
44,960
182 REPORT ISTHMIAN C.^NAL COMMISSION.
Table No. 30. — Cost of maintenance and repairs, Zone luaterworks.
Labor.
Material.'
Total.
Balboa district
$835. 62
1,054.48
258.93
677. 26
5,053.83
681.12
1,886.00
$223.66
388.22
33.88
81.58
884.11
18.12
601.51
$1,059.28
1,442 70
Ancon district ...
Corozal district
292 81
Miraflores district
758 84
Pedro Miguel district
5,937.94
699. 24
Water analyses
2,487.51
Total
10, 447. 24
2,231.08
12,678.32
1 Materials have been reclaimed and second-hand material used in many instances.
ZONE SEWER SYSTEM.
The work performed during the year consisted in laying new sewer
mains, making extensions, and general maintenance, as shown in
Tables Nos. 31 and 32.
Table No. 31. — Statement of ivork 'performed on sewers, fiscal year 1912-13 — Sewers
installed.
District.
Linear
feet.
Size.
Labor.
Material.
Total.
Balboa district
{
1
1,567
1,178
160
1,017
1,419
.=1.447
1,785
566
769
Inches.
6
8
4
6
8
6
8
6
1 $295.02
I 766.37
\ 1,846.05
56.91
43.83
$525.03
335.80
1,132.18
38.32
27.18
$820.05
1,102.17
Corozal district
Miraflores district
Pedro Miguel district
2,978.23
95.23
71.01
Total
13,908
3,008.18
2,058.51
5,066.69
Table No. 32. — Seioer maintenance.
Labor.
Material.
Total.
Balboa district
$414.67
473.87
64.71
41.01
602.05
$8.19
24.97
5.12
30.58
48. 46
$422.86
498.84
69.83
71 . 59
Pedro Miguel district
G-W. 51
Total
1,596.31
117.32
1,713.63
ZONE ROADS.
Existing roads, including the Savanas Road from the Caledonia
Bridge to outer Zone line, have been maintained and repaired through-
out the division, as required.
A new macadam road is being constructed from Diablo to Ancon,
and is being partially built by Zone prison labor. Tliis road follows
for some distance the old roadbed of the Panama Railroad, thence
along the east side of the Panama Railroad main line on a fill, crossing
the main line at the blockhouse, and thence to the junction with the
Tivoli Road at Ancon. A 20-foot span reenf orced concrete bridge for
CONSTRUCTION" AND ENGINEERING FIFTH DIVISION.
183
this highway is being constructed across the Curundu River. The
gi'ading was completed and the macadam partially placed and rolled
at the close of the fiscal year.
T.\.BLE No. 33. — Maintenance and repairs, Canal Zone roadways.
Labor.
Material.
Total.
Balboa district
S3, 904. 73
2, 597. 69
1,800.81
2,569.17
4,424.31
2,265.56
616.31
$3,783.62
2,056.74
7, 657. 00
3,833.60
3,438.64
1,803.54
270. 26
$7, 688. 35
4,654.43
9, 457. 81
6, 402. 77
7,862.95
4,069.10
886 57
Ancon district
Savanas Roa«l
Tumba Muerta Road
Corozal district
Total
18,178.58
22, 843. 40
MACADAMIZING AND OILING ROADS (MAINTENANCE).
Labor.
Material.
Roads.
Macadam and oil.
Other tlian
macadam
and oil.
To(al.
Macadam.
Oiling.
$973.07
306.33
478. 62
$1,361.82
365.59
391. 81
$469. 28
543.74
241.07
$1,277.59
816.17
921.35
•$4,081.76
2,031.83
2,032.85
Zone Line Road
Balboa Road
Total
1,758.02
2,119.22
1,254.09
3,015.11
8, 146. 44
SANITARY WORK.
The sanitary work consisted of digging and cleaning ditches, laying
concrete and tile drains, filUng swamp lands, and other work of
similar character, by the request of and in accordance with plans
prepared by the sanitary department. The work performed during
the fiscal year is shown in Table No. 34.
Table No. 34. — Statement of sanitary ivork performed, 1912-13.
Class of work.
Unit.
Quantity.
Labor.
Material.
Total.
Unit
cost.
Cleaning earth drains
Excavating new earth
drains.
Sweeping cement drains...
Filling holes and swamps. .
Linear feet
Cubic yards
Linear feet
Cubic yards
Linear feet
...do
593,127
5,079
1,023,382
2,862
2,520
10,566
$13,872.65
4,519.66
2,913.13
2,343.51
967.22
1,973.61
516.69
185.13
36.41
35.23
596.59
3,186.39
$81.64
29.35
94.30
$13,954.29
4,549.01
3,007.43
2,343.51
1,198.04
2, 432. 28
615.94
217.42
46.67
79.07
892.90
3,323.28
$0.0234
.893
.0029
.819
.475
.230
Laying tile drains
Constructing cement
230.82
458.67
99.25
32.29
10.26
43.84
296.31
136.89
drains.
Repairing cement drains . .
Cleaning culverts
Repairing tile drains
Installing pipe culverts...
Maintaining oil tanks
Clearing land of vegetation
Acres
131
' 24.32' "
(reservoir banks, etc.).
Total
31,146.22
1,513.62
32,659.84
184 report isthmian canal commission.
Fourth District,
ancon quarry and crushers.
[J. A. I/Oulan, superintendent.]
The Ancon quarry has been operated throughout the year with a
comparatively small amount of tune lost for repairs.
This plant has been operated for about three years without a shut-
down for general overhauling, until May 16. The plant was shut
down for 10 days, during which time the various repair parts were
put in, including shaft in main crusher, general overhauling to the
foiu' No. 6 crushers, Uning up of screens, motors, driving shafts, etc.
New floors were put in around crushers, and new bracmg put into
bins, wliich had almost completely worn out.
One of the small No. 5 gyratory crushers was brought from the old
Rio Grande quarry and installed on the floor of the south end of the
rock bins, for the purpose of crushing a portion of the No. 1 grade of
rock in order to supply the increased demand for No. 2 rock.
The quarry was run a portion of the year 12 hours a day in order
to supply the demand. The performance of the plant is given in
Table No. 35.
Table No. 35.
— Performance of Ancon quarry and crushers.
Num-
ber of
8-hour
shovel
days.
Average
number
of
shovels.
Material excavated .
Number
of cubic yards of rock crushed (car
measurement) .
Month.
Stripped.
Quarried.
Placed in
storage.
SuppUed other work.
Municipal
depart-
ment.
Other
fifth
di\nsion
work.
Other
divisions,
depart-
ments,
etc.
Total
pro-
duction.
1912.
Julv
73
54
48
54
49
50
52
46
51
52
44
64
2.73
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
1.69
2.46
Cubic yds.
12, 870
150
1,300
40
975
1,200
270
2,040
1,600
760
22,855
10,125
Cubic yds.
64,770
71,175
45, 525
58, 2:50
51,390
54,990
71,895
61,544
65,400
.50, 100
29,274
52,515
46,706
62,8.56
30, 241
45,240
32, 460
41,037
44,122
37, 120
36, 662
17,175
1,137
712
928
2,372
1,355
1,273
925
1,650
1,162
1,667
3,571
4,549
6,993
3,100
3,084
5,404
11,055
7,576
5, 722
3,055
6,848
10,329
6,578
12,085
6,217
3,715
7, 120
8, 5SS
9,178
7, 734
19,419
19,719
21,071
20,921
19,125
18,498
61,053
August
September
October
November
December
1913.
January
February
March
70,383
41,379
61,604
.54,048
5(i, 620
70, 188
61,544
65,743
.\pril
50,092
29,274
June
31,2:n
66,37:5
Total....
637
2.07
54,185
676,808
424,850
21,301
80,829
161,311
688,301
MINING.
The following amount of drilling was done during the fiscal year:
Drilling with power drills linear feet. . 45, 289
Drilling with hand drills do 400
Total 45, 689
EXPLOSIVES USED.
Dynamite gross tons. . 91. 75
Black powder do. . . . 0. 39
Total , 92.14
Average number of linear feet drilled per cubic yard 0. 067
Average number of pounds of explosives used per cubic yard 0. 305
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING FIFTH DIVISION.
Hydraulic Excavation.
[W. L
185
Thompson, assistant engineer.]
The hydraulic excavating plant was in operation in the canal
prism, south of Miraflores Locks, until December 1, 1912, at which
time it was taken out of service owing to the fact that the remainder
of the excavation was mostly hard rock, and also in order to provide
additional space for steam-shovel and dredging operations. The
excavated material was used for reclaiming tidal swamp land east
of and adjacent to the canal prism. During the fiscal year 476,949
cubic yards were excavated.
Table No. 3G. — Hydraulic excavation,
Miraflores
Month.
Plant.
Prism.
Spillway.
Total.
1912.
July
Cubic yards.
Cubic yards.
85,000
75,031
117,337
88,963
85,300
Cubic yards.
Cubic yards.
85,000
75, 031
September . . .
is, 422
3,000
6,896
135, 759
October
95, 859
85,300
December
Total this year
15,422
451,631
1,098,273
9,896
476, 949
Previous to July 1, 1912
Total to date
1,549,904
After preliminary studies and estimates had been made in connec-
tion with the slides in the vicinity of Gold Hill, the chief engineer
decided to move a portion of the hydraulic plant and install the same
for the purpose of removing the high ground in the vicinity of slides
just north of Gold Hill, by sluicing it back into the Obispo swamp.
This project being approved, work on the installation of the hydrauhc
pumping mains and flumes was started on February 1, 1913. Two
of the boilers and two of the Worthington pumps, having a combined
capacity of 15,000 gallons per minute, were dismantled and moved
to the site and installed ready for operations on June 17, 1913.
In order to provide sufficient water for pumping and sluicing opera-
tions a lake was formed by damming the Obispo River, thus forming
a swamp lake of approximately 180 acres with a drainage area of 4
square miles. The elevation at the bottom of the suction at the
pumping plant is plus 214, and the elevation at the spillway crest is
plus 228. Owing to the distance of the pumping plant from the dis-
charge of the flumes into the lake area, the water used in the sluicing
work is returned to the lake and used over again, thus requiring a
small inflow in order to keep the lake at a constant elevation. In
view of the fact that the Obispo River never goes dry, it is contem-
plated that sluicing operations may be continued throughout the dry
seasons if desired.
Six thousand five hundred feet of discharge mains were laid from
the pumping plant to the sluicing district, and supply the water at
approximately 80 pounds pressure for the operation of one 7-inch
and one 4-incn monitor.
Preluninary operations began on June 17, 1913, consisting of wash-
ing out the flumes and getting the monitors worked into position,
after which seven days' actual sluicing work was carried on during
the month, excavating 57,000 cubic yards, or an average of 8,000
cubic yards per day.
186 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Booster pumps have been ordered and will subsequently be installed
on the extended mains in order to boost the pressure for the purpose
of sluicing the high ground in the rear of Cucaracha slide and carrying
the material back into the swamp. When operating in this vicinity
it is contemplated that the sluicmg plant may be used in order to
assist moving material of the Cucaracha shde into the Cut after the
water has been let in, thereby assisting the suction dredges in the
quick and complete removal of the slide.
Designs, Maps and Office Work.
In addition to the routine work on progress records, estimates,
specifications, requisitions, etc., for the various districts of the di^d-
sion, there have been prepared, when necessary, designs for numerous
minor structures, detail work drawings for lock construction, me-
chanical designs for new apparatus and repair parts for the same,
work request drawings for shop orders, building permit plans, etc.
For the annual report all necessary figures were compiled and
arranged; nine plates were made.
There were prepared maps showing the sanitary ditches and grass-
cutting areas for Pedro Mguel, Miraflores, Corozal, Balboa, and
Ancon; a topographical map of Rio Grande Reservoir and surround-
ings; map showing Schubert property; map of liigh tide contour
from Diablo to Rio Curundu, and map showing proposed dumps at
Pedro Miguel with relocated houses and sewers.
The following plans were made: For dam and core wall at site of
old spillway west of Cocoli Hill; reenforced concrete footings for
columns of shop buildings, Balboa terminals; arrangement for stor-
ing crushed rock at Ancon quarry; trestle across northwest lock
chamber at Miraflores; trestle across northwest lock chamber at
Pedro Miguel; Gold Hill sluicing project, and Cucaracha extension
of pipe Hne; spur track for handhng building material at Corozal;
erection of auxiliary rock crusher inside of rock bin at Ancon quarry;
concrete girder support for lamp and snubbing posts on the lock
walls. Studies were made of a layout for a concrete tile manufac-
turing plant.
For the municipal department, plans were prepared for an addi-
tional span to the Cardenas River highway bridge, for the founda-
tions of the permanent administration building; plans and estunates
for sewer and water systems for the Bella Vista estate; a layout of
the new town of Balboa, and 12 plans in connection with the per-
manent Rio Grande water supply, showing layout profile of the
whole system, hydraulic gradient for different conditions of discharge,
and details of filter pipe connections and filter house.
For the sanitary department plans were made of a mosquito trap,
of a device to determine the direction of flight of mosquitoes, and
various diagrams and profiles.
One hundred and sixty-nine complete drawings were made, and
3,673 blue and white prints issued.
Very respectfully, H. O. Cole,
Resident Engineer, Fifth Division.
Col. Geo. W. Goetiials, United States Army,
Chairman and Chief Engineer,
Culebra, Canal Zone.
on <
z <
APPENDIX E.
REPORT OF W. G. COMBER, RESIDENT ENGINEER, SIXTH
DIVISION.
Isthmian Canal Commission,
Office of the Resident Engineer,
Sixth Division, Chief Engineer's Office,
Balboa, Cajial Zone, July 23, 1913.
Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of operations
in the sixth division during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913:
Division Organization.
The division is divided into two districts, the first district embrac-
ing all dredging operations south of the Gamboa Bridge and extending
to deep water in the Pacific Ocean, the second district all dredging
operations north of the Gamboa Bridge and extending to deep water
in the Caribbean Sea. Up to the close of the year no dredging had
been carried on north of Station 2095 on the Pacific side, or south of
the Gatun Locks on the Atlantic side.
First District.
operations.
The following dredges were in operation during the year:
Name.
Type.
Remarks.
Culebra. .
Cardenas
Marmot .
Gopher..
Badger..
Mole
Corozal..
No. 85...
Sea-going suction dredge
Five-yard dipper dredge
French ladder dredge
French ladder dredge (marine)
French ladder dredge
French ladder dredge (marine)
Seargoing ladder dredge
Pipe-line suction dredge
Out
Out
Out
Out
Out
Out
Out
Out
of commission
of commission
of commission
of commission
of commission
of commission
of commission
of commission
70 days for
27 days for
36 days for
18 days for
43 days for
10 days for
38 days for
15 days for
repairs,
repairs,
repairs,
repairs,
repairs,
repairs,
repairs,
repairs.
The Culehra was engaged throughout the year in deepening the
canal channel between stations 2110 and 2510, and maintaining
depths in channels to shipways basin, inner harbor, and berths at
Panama Railroad docks.
The Cardenas was engaged in channel excavation between stations
2175 and 2280, the greater portion of the time being employed in
cleaning rock shoals and removing rock broken by the roct breaking
equipment; this dredge was also detailed to maintain depths in
berths at the Balboa sand dock, and the excavation of channel and
berth for material wharf at station 2150.
The Marmot operated during entire year in channel excavation
between stations 2155 and 2235, dredging time being equally divided
between earth and rock removal.
187
188
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
The Goyher was engaged during entire year procuring sand for
construction purposes.
The Badger was employed throughout the year in channel excava-
tion between stations 2146 and 2253, also dredging a portion of the
inner harbor and terminal basin at Balboa and assisting in mainte-
nance of berths at Balboa sand dock.
The Mole was engaged in channel excavation between stations 2189
and 2270, the greater portion of dredging time being occupied in
cleaning rock shoals ana removing rock broken by the rock breaking
equipment; this dredge was also detailed for relief work at Punta
Cname, procuring sand for construction purposes, during overhauling
and repair of regular sand dredge.
The Corozal operated during the entire year dredging rock and hard
clay from the Canal channel between stations 2129 and 2230, remov-
ing 680,579 cubic yards of stiff clay and 649,935 cubic yards of rock;
487,451 cubic yards of rock were dredged without having been drilled
and blasted.
Dredge No. 85 was put in commission on November 16, 1912, and
for remainder of the year was employed dredging material from site
of the proposed inner harbor and terminal basin at Balboa.
YARDAGE REMOVED.
The following table shows the monthly output of all dredges,
exclusive of the sand handling plant:
Month and
Canal prism. Auxiliary.
Grand
total.
Unit
year.
Earth.
Rock.
Total. Earth.
Rock.
Total.
cost.
1912.
July
August
September.
Cubic yards.
232,809
291,750
275, 577
272, 862
347,347
250,762
122, 750
157, 776
297,358
284,323
316, 103
424,619
Cubic yards.
74, 702
74,863
62, 145
73,901
101,626
98,985
92,275
81,256
82, 487
72, 619
53,600
179,461
Cubic yards.
307,511
366, 613
337, 722
346, 763
448, 973
349, 747
215,025
239,032
379, 845
356,942
369, 703
604,080
Cubic yards.
88,323
131,111
16,257
43, 132
16,477
191,968
216, 540
175,225
166, 800
182,125
194,510
31,179
Cubic yds.
3,495
Cubic yards.
91,818
131,111
16,457
43, 132
16, 477
191,968
216,540
175,225
166,800
182, 125
194,510
31,179
Cubic yards.
399,329
497, 724
354, 179
389, 895
465, 450
641,715
431,565
414,257
546, 645
539, 067
564,213
635, 259
$0.2052
.1723
200
.3607
.3532
.2769
.2446
1913.
January
February . .
March
.3897
.3754
.2627
AprU
May
.2938
.2627
.2907
Total...
3, 274, 036
1,047,920
4,321,956 1,453,647
3,695
1,457,342
5,779,298
At the close of the fiscal year there remained to be removed from
the canal prism, south of station 2110, including siltage, 1,847,774
cubic yards of earth and 1,600,000 cubic yards of rock.
SUBAQUEOUS ROCK EXCAVATION.
One million forty-seven thousand nine hundred and twenty
cubic yards of hard and soft rock were removed from the canal prism
during the year. Of this amount 121,161 cubic yards wore drilled and
blasted by the drill barge Teredo, and 65,953 cubic yards broken by
the rock breaker Vulcan. The remainder includes rock which had
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING SIXTH DIVISION.
189
been broken by star drill operations in previous years, and material
whicli could be handled by the dredges without drilling and blasting.
Four hundred and eleven thousand nine hundred and eighty-two
pounds of dynamite were used on this work during the year.
The followmg table shows locations of rock shoals worked and
monthly statement of volume removed:
Month and year.
Station and method of breaking.
Area cov-
ered.
Amount
Teredo.
Vulcan.
dredged.
1912.
.Tuly
2175,2270
2250, 2250- A.
Sqtiarefeet.
44,515
61,287
61,839
58, 775
76, 764
60,042
63,194
43,597
48, 717
87, 108
100,671
80,942
Cubic yards.
74 702
August
2175,2198
2250-A, 2200, 2195
74 863
September
2197,2198,2270
2192,2195,2220...
62 145
October
2260,2270
2195,2200,2235
73,901
101 626
November
2260
2200..
December
2176,2260
2200, 2250.
98 985
1913.
January
2176,2191,2192
2250
92,275
81, 256
February
2192, 2193, 2194
2160,2250
March
2194, 2195, 2196,2191, 2192,2193.
2194, 2195, 2196, 2199, 2200.. . .
2199, 2200, 2206, 2198, 2197,
2214, 2215, 2216, 2229, 2230.
2229, 2230, 2224, 2223, 2225,
2248, 2249.
2160
82, 487
April
2160
72, 619
May
2160, 2185. . .
53 600
June
2185
179,461
Total
787, 451
1,047,920
Note.— The above total includes 860,806 cubic yards of rock dredged without drilling and blasting.
On July 1, 1912, 45 feet of water could be carried from station 2510
to station 2290; 42 feet from station 2290 to station 2280; 45 feet
from station 2280 to station 2242 plus 882 feet ; 42 feet from station
2242 plus 882 feet to station 2185; 35 feet from station 2185 to station
2168; 30 feet from station 2168 to 2147 (dike).
On July 1, 1913, 45 feet of water could be carried from station
2510 to station 2170; 40 feet from station 2170 to station 2147; 35
feet from station 2147 to station 2130; average depth of 27 feet could
be carried from station 2130 to station 2115 (dike).
BALBOA SHOPS AND SHIPWAYS.
Maintenance repairs were made to all floating plant, shop and yard
tools and equipment, and various repair work performed for the
Panama Railroad Co., other divisions, departments, and commercial
companies.
Pipe-line dredge No. 85, which was received, knocked down from
the Atlantic division was reassembled at Balboa shops and put into
commission in November, 1912.
CLEARINGS AND DIVERSIONS.
A force of men has been steadily engaged cutting brush and trees
and blasting stumps from dredging site for the inner harbor and
terminal basin at jBalboa; clearing was extended over an area of
1,050,988 square feet during the year; 25,316 pounds of dynamite
was expended on this work.
Seven thousand eight hundred feet of diversion channels were
excavated by orange-peel dredge during the year to take care of the
drainage of swamp lands at Balboa reclaimed by hydraulic fill.
190
EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Four hundred and fifty-six thousand eight hundred cubic yards of
sand were dredged during the year and delivered to various di^dsions,
departments, and outside companies for construction purposes.
One million four hundred and fifty-three thousand six hundred and
forty-seven cubic yards of earth and 3,695 cubic yards of rock were
removed from inner harbor and terminal basin site ; a portion of this
excavation was also useful for the maintenance of shipways and lum-
ber-dock channels and berths at sand and repair dock. On July 1,
1913, there remained to be removed from mner harbor and terminal
basin site 6,363,240 cubic yards of earth, and 372,062 cubic yards of
rock.
SURVEYS AND MAPPING.
Usual monthly cross sections were taken behind the dredges and
yardage estimates prepared ; general surveys over entire dredging area
were made every four months and progress maps and records pre-
pared ; all working ranges and tide gauges were kept up for dredgmg
fleet; surveys and maps made for proposed siphon crossing of canal
for handling of pipe-line dredge spoil ; relay pump locations ; hydraulic
dump areas. Surveys and maps made for salvage of sunken steam-
ship Newport. Usual routine field work was performed.
Second District.
OPERATIONS.
The following dredges were in operation during the year:
Name.
Type.
Remarks.
Caribbean
Charges
Out of commission .51 days for repairs.
2
3
Out of commission 10 days for repairs.
Out of commission 79 days for repairs.
No 1
French ladder dredge
Out of commission 19 days for repairs.
5
6
7
No 5
French ladder dredge
Out of commission 18 davs for repairs.
Sandpiper
No 4
Out of commission 104 days for repairs.
Pipe-line suction dredge
Out of commission 64 days for repaiis.
g
No 83
Out of commission — days for repairs.
9
No. 86
Pipe-line suction dredge
Out of commission 3 davs for repairs.
The Carihhean was engaged during entire 3^ear deepenmg canal
channel between stations 82 and 256, and maintaining depth in chan-
nel to Cristobal docks.
The Chagres operated deepening channel between stations 284 and
334, and excavating for lock wing and guide walls.
Dredge No. 1 worked entire year deepening channel between sta-
tions 186 and 283.
Dredge No. 5 was engaged during the year in channel excavation
between stations 253 and 301.
The Mindi was engaged in channel excavation between stations
286 and 322, and dredging at Panama Railroad Piers Nos. 16 and 17,
Cristobal.
The Sandpiper operated entii-e period deepening canal channel
between stations 243 and 341, and excavating for lock wing and
guide walls.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING SIXTH DIVISION.
191
Dredge No. 4 was employed on excavation for lock wing and guide
walls, berths at Piers Nos. 16 and 17, and channel excavation
between stations 286 and 351.
Dredge No. 86 was employed in channel excavation between sta-
tions 162 and 336; also dredging I'or swamp fill at Margarita Bay.
Dredge No. 83 worked during entire year deepening canal channel
between stations 343 and 352 and excavating for lock wing and guide
walls.
The foUoAving table shows the monthly output of all dredges:
Month and year.
1912,
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913,
January
February
March
April
May
June
Total
Canal prism.
Earth. Rock. Total
Cu. yds.
501,780
446, 816
434, 264
609, 671
609,480
746, 285
467,720
250, 491
329,077
377, 739
563,173
722, 785
6,059,281
Cu. yds.
62, 788
67, 157
62, 858
69,090
60, 767
68, 088
40,618
53,458
51,166
58, 866
121,990
91,807
808,653
Cu. yds.
564, 568
513,973
497,122
678, 761
670,247
814,373
508,338
303,949
380, 243
436,605
685, ia3
814, 592
6,867,934
Auxiliary.
Earth. Rock. Total
Cu. yds.
24,321
27, 070
318,041
248, 873
277,833
52, 190
272, 726
1,221,054
Cu. yds.
14,575
48, 552
39,183
34, 248
36, 432
16, 294
189, 284
Cu. yds.
38, .896
48, 552
39, 183
34,248
36, 432
43,364
318,041
248, 873
277,833
52, 190
272, 726
1,410,338
Grand
total.
Cu. yds.
603, 464
562, 525
536,305
713,009
706, 679
857,737
826,379
552, 822
658, 076
488,795
957, 889
814,592
8,278,272
Unit
cost.
$0. 2413
.2396
.268:5
.2529
.18.39
.1639
.1710
.2265
.1754
.2685
.1436
.2123
DREDGING, OCEAN TO GATUN LOCKS.
Harbor and cJiannel section. — 5,634,122 cubic yards of earth and
768,051 cubic yards of rock were removed from the canal prism
during the year: On July 1, 1913, there remained to be removed
from the prism 1,837,000 cubic yards of earth and 99,600 cubic
yards of rock.
Gatun LocTcs section. — 425,159 cubic yards of earth and 40,602
cubic j^ards of rock were dredged from the chamber for lock wing
and guide walls during the year.
SUBAQUEOUS ROCK EXCAVATION.
During the year the drill boat Terrier drilled 43,062 linear feet in
the prism, breaking a total of 394,526 cubic yards of material; 4,511
feet were drilled and 34,448 cubic yards of material broken at site
of permanent bridge across the French Canal to connect with the
coahng plant on TeKer Island; 357,785 pounds of dynamite were
used on this work.
CRISTOBAL TERMINALS.
One hundred and fifty-five thousand six hundred and ninety three
cubic yards of earth and 189,284 cubic yards of coral rock were
removed from the slip between Piers 16 and 17 of the new terminals
during the year, in addition to 665,018 cubic yards of earth from the
approach channel.
192
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
MISCELLANEOUS .
On July 1, 1912, 40 feet of water could be carried from MP-0 to
MP-0 plus 2,200 feet; 37 feet to MP-1 plus 4,200 feet; 35 feet to
MP-4 plus 3,050 feet; 30 feet to MP-4 plus 3,150 feet; 25 feet to
I^lP-5 plus 5,100 feet; 20 feet to MP-5 plus 5,200 feet.
On July 1, 1913, 40 feet of water could be carried from MP-0 to
MP-0 plus 2,100 feet; 35 feet to MP-6 plus 2,300 feet; 30 feet to
MP-6 plus 2,320 feet; 20 feet to MP-6 plus 2,350 feet; 10 feet to
MP-6 plus 2,800 feet.
The siltage in the canal prism for the year amounted to 2,084,000
cubic yards.
Three thousand eight hundred and fifty-one cubic yards of earth
were removed from the dry-dock basin to provide mooring berth
for the suction dredge Caribbean; 295,535 cubic vards of earth from
the French Canal at Mindi; 100,957 cubic yards oi earth were dredged
from Margarita Bay and used for parapet and swamp fill at that
point.
A site was cleared for proposed coaling station on Telfer Island.
Six hundred and eighty thousand one hundred and seventy-six
cubic yards of rock were dumped in the vicinity of the west break-
water during the year, making a total to date of 1,810,108 cubic
yards; of this amount 651,000 cubic yards were dumped wdthin the
breakwater section proper.
One hundred and sixty-seven borings were taken under the wing
and guide walls of Gatun Locks.
SURVEYS AND MAPPING.
Surveys and charts were made of the French Canal, approach
channel, and berths at Piers 16 and 17 of the new terminal layout;
a survey and chart was made of Limon Bay between the canal
prism and the west shore, and Sweetwater and the west breakwater;
a scour survey was made around the south shore of Limon Bay.
Usual routine fieldwork was performed in connection Avith the dredg-
ing operations and progi^ess maps and records prepared.
OFFICE.
Routine clerical work, preparation of progi-ess records, estimates,
requisitions, etc., was satisfactorily performed during the year.
Dredge excavation.
Unit.
Amount.
In prism. .
Auxiliary .
Total.
Explosives used
Cement used
Kock drilled (submarine) .
Cubic yards.
do
-do.
Tons. . .
Barrels.
Feet...
11,189,880
2,867,680
14,057,560
413
178,350
Respectfully submitted.
Col. Geo. W. Goethals, U. S. Army,
W. G. Comber,
Resident Engineer.
Chairman and Chief Engineer, Culelra, Canal Zone.
APPENDIX F
REPORT OF CIVIL ENGINEER H. H. ROUSSEAU, UNITED STATES
NAVY, MEMBER OF ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION, ASSIST-
ANT TO THE CHIEF ENGINEER, IN CHARGE OF THE SECOND
DIVISION OF THE OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ENGINEER.
Isthmian Canal Commission,
Office of the Chief Engineer, Second Division,
Culehra, Canal Zone, August 15, 1913,
Sir : I have the honor to submit the folio wuig report for the second
division of the office of the chief engineer for the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1913.
The total specific appropriations by Congress available to June 30,
1913, not including fortifications or private claims, amounted to
$322,541,468.58, or 86 per cent of the total estunate of December,
1908, of $375,201,000. By act approved June 23, 1913, additional
appropriations were made for the fiscal year 1914 amounting to
$16,265,393, exclusive of fortifications, leavmg $36,394,138.42 of the
total estimated cost of the canal to be appropriated hereafter, or 9.7
per cent.
To June 30, 1913, the classified expenditures, i. e., expenditures
under general account No. 1 which have been charged into the work,
amounted to $295,871,455.38, or about 79 per cent of the total esti-
mated cost. Of this amount $36,218,218.64 were expended during
the fiscal year 1913, or about 9.7 per cent of the total estimated cost
of the canal. The difference between the appropriations available
to June 30, 1913, and the classified expenditures to June 30, 1913,
amounting to $26,670,013.20, represents such items as unexpended
balances of appropriations, unexpended material and supplies in
storehouse, and other items reported as "Unclassified expenditures,"
under general accounts other than general account No. 1, which are
not yet properly chargeable against construction work. They are
listed in Table No. 2 of the examiner of accounts annual report.
The quantity of work performed to June 30, 1913, for the three
principal items of excavation, concrete, and fill in dams, the total
quantity to be performed, and the amount performed during the year
1913 are as follows:
Item of work.
Estimated
total quan-
tity as of
July 1, 1913.
Completed to June 30,
1913.
Performed during fiscal
year 1913.
Q^^-tity. P--f
Quantity.
Per cent
of total.
Excavation:
Dry
Cubic yards.
134,795,000
97,558,000
Cubic yards.
125,207,928
78,175,611
92.89
80.13
Cubic yards.
16,978,077
13,135,647
12.60
Wet
13.47
Total
232,353,000
5,208,800
25,858,000
203,383,539
4, 786, 253
25,617,523
87.53
91.89
99.07
30, 113. 724
827,609
2,556,363
12.96
Concrete
15.89
Fill in dams
9.89
11834°— 13-
-13
193
194 REPORT ISTHMIAN u MISSION.
The accompanying chart (phite iso. 103) shows grapliically the
excavation, concrete, and fill and the total expenditures to June 30,
1913, together with the montlily rate of progress of the work and
expenditures.
Of the total classified expenditures to June 30, 1913, S33, 108,132.37
or about 11 per cent, was for plant and equipment for construction
and for the purchase of four steamships, of which amount $560,438.62
was expended during the fiscal year 1913.
Terminals.
General. — Act of Congress approved June 28, 1902, authorizing the
construction of the canal, called the Spooner Act, directed the Presi-
dent to "also construct such safe and commodious harbors at the
termini of the said canal as shall be necessary for the safe and con-
venient use thereof." The estimate of December, 1908, of the cost of
the canal, of $375,201,000 therefore made provision for the construc-
tion of the necessary breakwaters, but did not include anything for
such harbor improvements as may be classed as "terminal facilities."
Terminal facilities on the Isthmus have been provided and operated
heretofore by the Panama Raih-oad Co. in connection wdth the hand-
ling of its commercial and other business. It was early seen that the
canal would require terminal facilities of greater extent than the
Panama Railroad Co. would be warranted or able to furnish solely to
meet its own requirements. It has also been apparent for several
years that the savings accomplished in construction work, as com-
pared with the estimate of December, 1908, would enable the com-
mission to provide at its own expense the greater part of these facili-
ties wdthout exceeding the estimated cost of the canal. In last year's
annual report the general characteristics of the terminal facilities
proposed were described, and the necessary authority for their con-
struction was granted by act of Congress approved August 24, 1912,
known as the "Panama Canal act," authorizing the President to
"establish, maintain, and operate, through the Panama Railroad or
otherwdse, dry docks, repair shops, yards, docks, wharves, ware-
houses, storehouses, and other necessary facilities for the purpose of
providing coal and other materials, labor, repairs, and supplies for
vessels of the Government of the United States, and incidentaUy for
suppl}T.ng such at a reasonable price to jiassing vessels." The sundry
civil bill, also approved August 24, 1912, making appropriations for
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913, made available the necessary
sums to undertake terminal construction.
Pacific terminals. — The Pacific, or Balboa, terminals include the
permanent shops and auxiliary buildings; the main dry dock. No. 1,
and one subsidiary dry dock, No. 2; a subsidiary plant for supplying
coal and fuel oil to vessels; the necessary wharves and piers for repair
purposes, as well as for commercial use. The construction of a new
ireight yard in connection with the relocation of the Panama Railroad
permanent main line from Diablo to Panama via Balboa and the new
docks and wharves will also be necessary. It has been proposed that
CONSTRUCTION" AND ENGINEERING SECOND DIVISION. 195
all of this work be paid for from canal appropriations, except sucli
track work, etc., in connection with the new freio;ht yard and tracks
for the Panama Railroad as will be borne by the latter.
Grouped around the Pacific terminals, and conveniently located
with reference thereto, will be the permanent Pacific settlements
for the gold and silver employees and the general administration
building.
Atlantic terminals. — So far as projected to date these consist prin-
cipally of the necessary permanent wharves and piers in Cristobal,
including the Cristobal mole and additional yard tracks, which arc
being constructed by the Panama Railroad at its own expense, and
the main plant for supplying coal and fuel oil to vessels. The fuel-oil
facilities are being furnished by the commission. It is proposed that
the cost of the main coaling plant shall be divided between the com-
mission and the Panama Railroad Co.
CONSTRUCTION — PACIFIC TERMINALS.
Up to December 12, 1912, construction work on Pacific terminal
facilities was under the Pacific division. Upon the resignation of Mr.
S. B. Williamson, division engineer, on that date, this construction
work, not including dredging, was transferred to this office and has
since been carried on thereunder. From August 1, 1912, Mr. H. D.
Hinman has been in local charge as assistant engineer. The work
accomplished during the year has been as follows :
Clearing site. — This involved the removal of the commission set-
tlement at Balboa, as well as the buildings which formed the old town
of La Boca, and the abandonment of the Panama Railroad yard. A
considerable quantity of old scrap iron and spare parts for floating
equipment had to be removed to new locations. Certain old tracks
of the Panama Railroad were taken up and new yard and track facili-
ties furnished for temporary use until the permanent yards and
tracks can be built on the area which is being filled in the rear of the
permanent piers. Considerable difficulty has been experienced in car-
rying on construction work expeditiously and economically in this
whole area without causing serious inconvenience to other divisions
and departments whose work and operations could not be interrupted,
and the cost of construction work to this division has been unavoid-
ably increased thereby by an appreciable amount.
Relocation of highway and mam trades to old French Pier. — One hun-
dred and eighty-four thousand sLx hundred and eighty-two cubic yards
of rock, 181,729 cubic yards of earth, a total of 366, 411 cubic yards, were
removed from the northwest slope of Sosa Hill to obtain room around
the head of Dry Dock No. 1 for crane and railroad tracks and the
highway leading to the old French pier. The greater part of this
material was used to fill in the adjacent swamp to bring this area up
to yard grade; some of the rock was furnished the Atlantic division
196
EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
for use in paving the south slope of Gatun Dam. This excavation, by
months is contained in the following table, No. 1 :
Table No. 1.
Month.
1912.
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913
January
February
March
April
May
June
Total
Material excavated (cubic
yards).
Earth.
53,354
44,854
20, 670
10, 137
10, 761
4,512
14,458
3,526
730
1,463
3,280
13,984
181, 729
Rock. Total.
6,860
12, 140
26, 150
34,113
23, 577
15,258
3,615
8,298
17,534
16, 151
13, 120
7,866
184,682
60, 214
56,994
46, 820
44,250
34, 338
19, 770
18,073
11,824
18,264
17,614
16,400
21,850
366,411
Dry Dock No. 1 , entrance hasin, and coaling plant. — No other work than
clearing the site and excavation has been carried on during the j-car.
Panama Railroad and other yard tracks were removed from the site
and the relocated line around the toe of Sosa HUl was ready for opera-
tion on November 1, 1912. Lack of locomotives and cars prevented
excavation from starting until December 27, when one large shovel
was started on the site of the coalmg plant to work northeast over
the entrance basm and dry dock site. On account of the cramped
working space and the condition of the ground the incline leading out
of the dry dock was located at its head. The original surface eleva-
tion of the dry dock site averaged + 18, the deepest general excavation
for the foundation will be about - 56 ; the lowest shovel cut on June
30, 1913, was —12, on the coaling plant site at the southwest end of
the excavation. No trouble has been experienced in keeping the
excavated pit dry.
Fifty-sLx thousand nme hundred cubic yards of rock and 146,799
cubic yards of earth were removed during the year. Rock, a fine-
graineci andesite, lies comparatively near the surface of the dry dock
site. It is the intention to shoot thc^ rock from the sides of the exca-
vation with such care as will carry the solid rock walls as vertical and
unbroken as possible. Monthly excavation figures for Dry Dock No. 1 ,
entrance basm, and coalmg plant are given in the f oUowing table. No. 2 :
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING — SECOND DIVISION, 197
Table No. 2.
Month.
Material excavated-
yards.
-cubic
Earth.
Rock.
Total.
1913.
Dry Dock No. 1:
8,342
2,900
8,850
6,223
9,156
18, 703
5,017
13,359
2,900
12,313
12,243
8,817
16, 129
21,163
18,466
May
17,973
34, 832
Total
54, 174
6,905
8,829
1,873
5,696
1,391
9,710
54,519
108, 693
Entrance basin:
6,905
8,829
March
881
2,754
5,696
May
1,391
June . .
1,500
11,210
Total ... .
34,404
3,210
2,764
13,076
2,381
36,785
3,210
Dry -dock incline:
1,185
3,949
May
13,076
19,050
3,751
9,245
3,843
555
6,621
6,790
27, 4.1 «
1,185
20,235
Coaling basin:
3,751
1913.
January
9,245
February
3,843
March
555
April
6,621
Mav
6,790
JllTlfi
27,416
Total
58, 221
58,221
165, 849
58,085
223 934
The performance of steam shovels, by months, i& given in the follow-
ing table, No. 2a:
Table No. 2a.
Month.
Average
number
of shovels
working.
Hours
iinder
steam.
Hours,
working.
Earth.
Rock.
Total.
Average
per hour
under
steam.
Rainfall.
1912.
July
August
September.
October
November .
December..
1913.
January
February . .
March
April
May
June
Total
1.81
1.96
2.04
1.96
1.95
2.08
2.15
2.50
2.34
3.92
4.03
4.56
2.61
376. 00
424.00
392.00
416.00
500.00
408. 00
441.25
456. 00
649. 91
784.00
852. 33
912. 00
6,611.49
131.17
154. 58
240.50
259. 58
267.00
196. 50
251.67
229.58
268. 17
368. 98
394. 16
428.00
51,430
44,854
20, 670
9,639
10, 104
8,494
41.560
23,083
16, 636
31,868
37,413
69, 813
364,564
6,860
12,140
26,150
35,763
23,577
15, 258
8,632
8,298
31,913
28,394
22,217
25, 495
244,697
58, 290
56,994
46, 820
45, 402
33, 681
23, 752
50, 192
31,381
47, 549
60, 262
59, 630
95, 308
609,261
155.00
134.42
119.44
109. 14
67.36
58.21
113.75
68.82
73.16
76.86
69.96
104.50
105. 36
Inches.
9.76
6.79
10.01
15.75
6.14
4.94
.06
8.04
7.15
198 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Auxiliary Dry Dock No. 2. — This dock is for the use of smaller
vessels. It will be founded on rock and its construction will be
undertaken in conjunction with main Diy Dock No. 1. The site of
this dock has been occupied during the year by the shipways and
certain shops of the sixth division that can not be abandoned until
other repair facilities for floating equipment are available elsewhere.
This site will also have to be cofferdammed before any considerable
amount of excavation can be performed; for these reasons no work
has been possible during the year.
Cofferdam. — To protect the entrance of Dry Dock No. 1, and the
entire area to be occupied by Dry Dock No. 2, and to enable as much
rock in the dry-dock entrance basin as possible to be removed in the
dry, as well as to facilitate the construction of the coaling plant quay
wall and the basin for storage of coal, a cofferdam composed of clay
riprapped with rock will be constructed around the foregoing works.
Work on tliis cofferdam started on April 1, 1913, and its construction
has necessitated a rearrangement of the Panama Railroad tracks
leading to the new concrete wharf, the fifth division sand service
tracks, and tracks used by the sixth division and quartermaster's
department. Eighty feet of the sand bins were removed. The coffer-
dam, when completed^ will be about 1,000 feet in length.
Quay walls and Pier No. 1. — Tliis includes a 1,238-foot length of
quay wall between the head of Slip No. 1 and the northeast end of
the new Panama Railroad concrete dock; Pier No. 1, 1,000 feet long
by 201 feet wide; and 606 feet of permanent wall at the head of Slips
Nos. 1 and 2, of which about 484 feet will be constructed as a landing
for small boats, making a total water frontage of about 4,045 feet.
The quay walls and all of Pier No. 1 excepting a center section of 50
feet wide will be supported on circular reenforced concrete piers sunk
to rock. The 50-foot center section of Pier No. 1 will consist of a
rock fill. Dredging will be carried to —45 alongside of all wharves
and piers. The level of Pier No. 1 and the adjoining wharves at the
heaa of the slips has been fixed at +16.5. The level of the quay
wall adjoining the Panama Railroad dock has been fixed at +17, the
same level as the Panama Railroad dock.
Over this entire area rock is found at an average elevation of about
— 60, in a few cases being as high as — 33 and in other cases being as
deep as —66. The average level of the original swamp was about +9
and the material througn which the concrete cylinders are being
sunk is a fine, sticky, black clay, in which are found thin strata of
sand. The cylinders are being sunk by the open caisson method;
intermediate sections consist of a reenforced concrete shell 1 foot
thick, 7^ feet outside diameter, in 6-foot lengths; about 4,750 sections
are required and a special plant for their manufacture has been built.
Steel collapsible forms are used. The bottom section of each cylinder
is 8 feet in outside diameter and 6 inches thick, with a cutting shoe
on the bottom. Excavation was performed by hand and by orange-
peel buckets. When the cylinders would not sink through the
excavation by their own weight, their descent was facilitated by the
use of cast-iron and concrete weights in conjunction with a water jet.
The progress of sinking the cylinders has depended upon the crane
service available. The cylinders are sunk several feet into rock
before being filled with concrete. The construction of the dike
necessaiy to inclose the area occupied by the quay walls and pier so
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING — SECOND DIVISION.
199
that they can be constructed in the dry was started in July, 1912.
The phxcing of the concrete cyUnders began in October, 1912. The
estimated number of Unear feet of concrete cylinder required for this
work is 28,500, of which 12,435 feet was placed during the year.
Of this amount 8,450 feet was for the main quay wall, 289 feet for
the walls at the head of Slips Nos. 1 and 2, and 3,696 for Pier No. 1.
The following table, No. 3, shows the progress of caisson sinking
during the year:
Table No. 3.
Month.
Penetration (linear feet).
Number of caissons
rock.
sunk to
Quay wall
"ghi."
Pier No.
1.
Bulk-
head.
Total.
Quay wall
"ghi."
Pier No.
1.
Total.
October. . .
1912.
229
606
970
1,267
846
620
1,528
1.343
1,041
229
606
970
1,267
1,106
1,918
2,162
1,875
2,302
November
1913.
4
15
22
21
26
27
4
Febniary
260
1,298
634
532
972
15
March . .
22
April
8
5
12
29
May
31
Tiinp.. . .
289
39
Total
8,450
3,696
289
12,435
115
25
140
Plate No. 104 accompanying this report shows graphically prog-
ress in manufacture and sinking caissons to July 1, 1913. Plates
Nos. 105, 106, and 107, accompanying this report show details of the
forms used in casting the concrete cylinders, and also show the layout
of the plant required for their manufacture.
Permanent sfiops — Clearing site. — Work of clearing site began in
August, 1912, and included the removal of Panama Kailroad tracks
and commission construction tracks, making a new connection to the
Panama Kailroad concrete dock, removing several small buildings,
and material stored in the open under the quartermaster's department
and the removal to another site of the blacksmith shop and several
other smaller shops of the sixth division.
Fill. — During the year the greater portion of the area occupied
by the shops was brought up to grade by filling the low swampy bot-
tom with material made available by excavating operations.
Foundations. — It was desired to found buildings on the natural
soil, the load being transmitted directly to the concrete footings from
the steel columns, in order to avoid the expense of either supporting
the piers on piles driven to hard bottom, or of carrying the concrete
footing down to rock where the depths to same was not excessive.
Full size tests of the bearing power of the natural soil showed that
this would not be generally satisfactory except for the smaller build-
ings, where the unit loads could be made insignificant. When rock
was not lower than about +1 it was found practicable and most
economical to excavate down to rock and build the concrete piers
thereon. Where hard bottom was lower than about +1 wooden
piles were ordered and driven down to rock, which in some places
200
KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
was as low as — 56. Tliese wooden piles were cut off below the level
of ground water and concrete piers built up therefrom; the general
elevation of the top of piers is +17. Where the conditions were not
favorable to carry the excavation down to the level of ground water,
reenforced concrete piles were used. To meet the special conditions
found at the water front, under the machine shop and the crane run-
way extension of the forge shop, it was necessary to use 4-foot steel
cylinders filled with concrete after being sunk to rock as foundations
for 29 columns.
Table No. 4, following, gives a record by months of piles driven
and the concrete placed in the foundation of each building:
Table No. 4.
number of piles driven.
Shop building No.
1912
1913
Total.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
1
214
68
67
382
137
214
2
43
75
161
290
9
9
120
3
151
4
543
5
117
68
162
295
654
1,655
6
77
145
7
3
177
180
8
9
13
162
13
10
144
306
11 . .
24
206
24
12
72
63
331
13
14
151
43
25
68
Total
221
185
162
542
707
1,098
572
238
25
3.750
1 Concrete piles.
CONCRETE IN SHOP-BUILDING FOOTINGS (CUBIC YARDS).
1
14
3
110
48
28
7
212
64
92
i,'366'
10
305
12
166
517
257
63
221
64
62
60
704
2
348
3
350
4
27
10
623
5
1,677
6
135
232
377
7
27
8
35
8 ...
153
115
268
9
82
100
6
235
"ios
850
22
19
25
107
10
244
167
771
11 .. ...
108
12
2
852
13
14
36
14
15
16
11
11
Total
244
320
250
441
282
1,173
1,784
1,284
489
6,267
Operating tunnel. — Work on the reenforced concrete operating
tuimel running at right angles to the length of the main shop buildings
thi"ough then' center, for carrying and making accessible all pipe and
cable conduits, has been carried on as fast as practicable; the neces-
sary excavation was performed by a steam shovel, mounted on skids,
with a special boom. This shovel commenced w^ork on March 20,
1913. Where hard rock is not deeper than about mean sea level the
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING SECOND DIVISION.
201
tunnel has been built on piers excavated to rock; at all other points
the tunnel is carried on wooden piles driven to rock and cut off below
the mean elevation of ground water. The tunnel is being built in
sections 15 feet in length; special means have been taken to make the
tunnel as water-tight as practicable by care in the mixing and placing
of concrete, by coating the exterior of the tunnel with two coats of
alum solution, and by making water-tight joints between the adjacent
sections by means of 5-inch strips of 26-gauge Muntz metal, half of
each strip being built into each adjacent section.
Foundations for shoy tools, machinery, etc. — Work was started on
June 5, 1913, in building No. 8, planing miU, on the foundations for
the machines. During June the excavation for the concrete floor for
builchng No. 8 was made, and a considerable portion of the concrete
base was placed.
Inner harhor excavation. — This excavation was performed by the
dredges of the sixth division. A large part of the material was
pumped into the low swamp land north and east of Sosa Hill.
Traclis. — One hundred and thirty-three thousand two hundred and
forty-six linear feet, or a httle more than 25 miles, of track were laid
during the year. Of this amount 9,212 feet were permanent tracks
and the remainder was for construction work.
Highway and ditches. — Tliree thousand three hundred hnear feet of
highway was built at the foot of Sosa Hill to replace that destroyed
by dry-dock excavation. Twenty-five thousand nine hundred and
ninety-one hnear feet of ditches were dug during the year.
General. — Tables Nos. 5 to 10, inclusive, herewith, show details of
work accomphshed during the year, by months :
Table No. 5. — Statement of work done, Balboa terminals, July 1, 1912, to June SO, 1913.
Month.
1912.
July
August
September.,
October
November. .
December..
1913.
January
February...
March
April
May ,
June
Total.
Excavation (cubic yards).
Preparing site.
Steam shovel.
51,430
44,854
20, G70
9,6.39
10, 104
3,993
14,45S
2,341
730
1,463
3,280
13,984
176, 946
6,860
12,140
26, 150
35, 763
23,577
15, 258
3,615
8,298
17,534
16,151
13, 120
■ 7,866
186,332
Hand.
Dry Dock
No. 1 , coal-
ing basin,
entrance.
Steam
shovel.
8,780.
7,969,.
3, 918' ,
2,727.
657.
1,053
53
1,185
3,751
In-
cline
24,492 5,017
18, 782
14,042!l4,379
18,540 12,243
30,4131 8,817
55,829' 17, 629'
Shop foun-
dations.
2,610
1,960
2,600
165, 849)58, 085 7,920|15,621
626
49'
853
1,388
1,174
3,951
3,487
2,640
1,005
Shops
tunnel.
864
9,265
10, 129
Sinking wharf
piers.
4,000
567 4,000
426
1,081
1,940
2,300
1,873
2,212
3,769
3,297
4,062
20, 960
234
340
,624
556
454
541
3,874
Total.
67,070
64,963
50, 738
49,181
36, 041
27, 598
54, 167
35, 953
55, 336
68, 296
66, 291
100,991
676,625
202 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table No. 6.— Statement ofivork done, Balboa terminals, July J, 1912, to June 30, 1913.
Month.
1912.
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913.
January
February
March
April
May
June
Total
Drilling (linear feet).
Tripod
drills.
,196
,521
,786
,568
,192
,676
13,856
11,939
12,698
15,440
30, 196
29,750
164, 818
WeU drills.
1,149
619
1,768
Total
8,196
9,670
9,405
9,568
9,192
6,676
13,856
11,939
12, 698
15,440
30, 196
29,750
166,586
Dynamite
(gross
tons).
4.46
15.22
16.27
4.46
10.28
7.43
7.97
11.96
10.03
10.21
11.30
109. 59
Table No. 7. — Statement of work done, Balboa terminals, July 1, 1912, to June 30, 1913.
Month.
Filling and embankment (cubic yards).
Preparing
site.
Yards
and
tracks.
Backfill.
Shops.
Tunnel.
Dikes,
plant.
Total.
1912.
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913
January
February
March
April
May
June
Total
64,860
37,770
37, 704
41,847
27,861
27,803
34,575
32,274
33,384
37,263
35,430
71,508
5,683
10, 503
3,457
11,450
6,274
1,796
120
1,206
2,0(i3
1,310
1,405
1,058
1,755
120
275
7,871
7,767
9,086
10,400
10,421
15,620
482,279
42, 656
4,218
395
73,898
64,860
54,980
48,207
41,847
32, 524
39,253
48, 720
41,837
42,590
49,068
49,092
90,468
603, 446
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING — SECOND DIVISION. 203
Table No. 8. — Statement of work done, Balboa terminals, July 1, 1912, to June 30, 1913.
Reenforcing steel (pounds).
Fixed steel (pounds).
Month.
Caissons
(shells and
filler).
Tunnel.
Shops.
Total.
Tunnel.
Shops.
Total.
1912.
July
. .
August
September
October
51,299
57,140
92,148
124,196
195,838
180,074
430, 796
501,069
2 411,514
51,299
57,140
92,148
124,650
196,428
200, 745
448,336
563,809
452, 166
November
716
1,913
454
1,120
8,408
13,2.38
8,187
< 25, 844
716
December
1 913
1913.
January
454
590
20,671
110,350
10,500
3 7,205
454
February
1 120
March . .".
8,408
13 238
April
7,190
52,240
33,387
May
8;i87
29 724
June
3,840
Total
2,044,074
92,817
49,a30
2, 186, 721
3,840
59,920
63, 760
1 Machine footings, 7,360 pounds.
2 Beams and girders, 112,778 poimds.
3 Machine footings, 2,529 pounds.
< 4-foot cylinders in buUdmg No. 1, 34,500 poimds.
Table No. 9. — Statement ofioork done, Balboa terminals, July 1. 1912, to June 30, 1913.
Concrete (cubic yards).
Month.
Caissons.
Piers.
Shops.
Tunnel.
SosaHill.
SheUs.
Filler.
Beams.
Machine
footings
and floor.
Total.
1912.
October
212
292
817
1,193
1,277
1,299
1,578
1,189
1,589
244
320
251
442
282
1,173
1,784
1,284
489
456
November
612
December
1 068
1913.
January
1 635
February
85
232
1,012
1,351
1,234
1 644
March
2,704
4,829
4 534
April
Ill
30
164
185
633
765
159
147
62
May
-TuTiP. , .
37
4,340
Total
9,446
3,914
6,269
37
305
1,483
368
21 822
Note.— Eleven cubic yards placed in test piers not included in the above.
204 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table No. W.— Statement of work done, Balboa terminals, July 1, 1912, to June 30, 1913.
Month.
1912.
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913.
January
February ,
March
April
May
June
Total
Construction tracks.
Laid.
Linear ft.
10, 264
4,483
3,462
3,800
6,192
10, 438
7,976
9,404
18,519
16, 696
12,293
20,709
124, 236
Re-
moved.
Linearft.
14, 102
6,480
9,752
5,307
35, 641
Shops.
Piles.
Trestles.
Number.
221
185
162
542
707
1,098
572
238
25
Number.
103
400
471
3,750
1,073
Tunnel.
Number.
177
172
Ditches
dug.
Linearft.
300
500
1,900
2,804
4,625
900
8,012
3,700
3,250
25,991
Contract work. — In addition to work performed by conunission
forces, other construction work performed by contractors includes
the following:
The steel framework for the shop buildings amounting to about
6,000 tons is being furnished and erected by the United States Steel
Products Co.; award was made on October 22, 1912, at 3.6 cents per
Eound for the 16 main buildings. The contract required erection to
e started May 15 and to be completed by October 8, 1913. A sup-
plemental order was given January 25, 1913, for the steel for nine
toilet buildings and one paint house, buildings Nos. 17 to 26. Tliis
contractor is also furnisliing the framework for the sand house,
building No. 27, and the structural steel for shafting supports in
building No. 1. The rolUng of the steel be^an the last week in Feb-
ruary and the first shipment, of 227 tons, left Baltimore on March 30.
On June 30 the status of the work was as follows:
Per cent.
Rolled, ill mills 100
Finished, in shops 66. 5
Shipped to tidewater 56. 5
Shipped to Isthmus 43
Contract required that all material shall be given one coat of red
lead in shops and two coats wliite lead after erection. The following
is a list of the buildings and their floor areas that have been authorized
to date:
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING SECOND DIVISION. 205
Building No.
Shop.
Floor area.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
Machine, erecting, and tool shops
Forge shop
Steel storage shed
Boiler and shipfll ter shop
General storehouse
Paint shop
Car shop
Planing mill
Galvanizing plant -
Lumber and equipment shed
Pattern storage
Foundry
Coke shed
Boiler house
Roundhouse
Gas house
Toilet building, gold employees
do •
Toilet building, silver employees
do -
Toilet building, gold and silver employees.
do
do
do
do.
Paint house
Sand house
Office
Total.
Square feet.
67,420
31,650
18,080
46,940
89,920
12,760
38,800
48, 240
5,620
67, 180
6,960
37.060
3.070
2,380
25,343
649
1,057
1,057
699
699
1,755
1,755
1,755
1,039
1,039
1,157
498
26, 148
539,830
Roofing.— A contract was made on October 24, 1912, with the
American Cement Tile Manufacturing Co., of Pittsburgh, Pa., for
6 500 squares, more or less, of reenforced cement tile roofing for all
quarter-pitched roofs of the shop buildings at $10.25 per square
delivered, and $13.25 per square erected in place, based on certam
materials, such as sand and cement, and certain faciUties, such as use
of suitable building, power, water, etc., being furnished by the com-
mission without charge. All tile is bem^ manufactured on the
Isthmus at Paraiso. The contract required all plant to be on the
Isthmus by January 25, 1913, and for the completion of manufacture
by June 25, 1913. At the close of the fiscal year 49.12 per cent of
the tile had been manufactured and 7.9 per cent had been laid.
CONSTRUCTION ATLANTIC TERMINALS.
Wharves, piers, and dredging. — All work under tliis heading, except
dredging, has been performed hj the Panama Railroad Co. Dredg-
ing was done by the Atlantic division. ^ ,
Main coaling plant— On request of the commission, the Panama
Railroad Co. has made diamond-drill borings at the site of the coal-
ing pier and submitted data thereon. Work was started by the sixth
division in June, 1913, on drilling and blasting preparatory to dredg-
ing alongside the proposed coahng pier.
OFFICE WORK — TERMINALS.
Permanent shops. — Designing work in connection with the perma-
nent shops and the inspection of erection of the steel work and roofing
has been under the immediate direction of Lieut. Col. T. C. Dickson,
Ordnance Department, United States Army, inspector of shops, and
at the end of^the year the force of engineers, draftsmen, and: assist-
206 EEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
ants numbered 18. During the year, 212 drawings were completed,
including 41 dramngs, showing motorizing of macliines.
Before this force was organized the structural steel drawings and
specifications had been prepared under the immediate direction of
Assistant Engineer G. I. Finley, who, upon the award of contract, went
to the States, where he remained until 463 worldng drawings and 278
bills of material for the steelwork had been checked and approved.
The designing work accomplished and the tracings which had been
approved during the year include foundations, walls, windows, doors,
steel rolling doors, movable and fixed louvers, etc., for inclosing the
buildings; the floor plans of the shops office building; roof drainage
system; piping system for water, steam, compressed air, fuel oil, and
sewerage; layout of conduits, etc., for electric power and lighting
systems ; foundations for machines, etc. ; details for applying motors
to machines; stringers, shafting, etc., for groups of machines driven
by motors; work benches and tables; wire-screen partitions for offices
and tool rooms; engine pits and transfer table; racks for patterns;
illumination system; distribution of power to motors and location of
control apparatus.
General description. — The principle aimed at in the design of the
permanent shops has been to reduce to a minimum the cost of repairs
and renewals, mthout exceeding a reasonable first cost. To_ attain
this steel was adopted for the main structural material, for which the
only cost for maintenance will be repainting from time to time.
There is less humidity at Balboa than elsewhere on the Isthmus.
The roofing, consisting of reenforced cement tile on the quarter-pitched
roofs, shoidd last indefinitely with practically no cost for maintenance
and repairs, and presents a pleasing appearance. Such buildings as
have a flat reenforced concrete roof will be waterproofed with first
quality composition roofing. There will be practically no gutters or
down spouts, except for drainage of valleys, in which cases copper and
similar permanent construction vnll be em})loyed. California red-
wood, which has liigh resisting powers to decay and is immune to
attacks of white ants, is being used for all millwork.
Buildings that require it will be closed in with walls of hollow terra-
cotta tile plastered with cement mortar; other buildings, such as the
main metal and woodworking shops, which do not require to be closed
in, will be surrounded with a concrete wall 3 feet 6 inches high, above
which there will be movable metal shutters or louvers as protection
against wind and rain. Buildings such as the pattern shop and store-
house will have a second floor consisting of a reenforced concrete
slab resting on steel beams and girders encased in concrete. For such
buildings as the lumber shed, steel storage shed, etc., the first floor
will be surfaced with cinders, sand, or gravel. For the main shops the
floor will consist of a concrete base covered with 3^-inch creosoted
wooden blocks. To permit convenient access at all times, and to pre-
vent cutting into the floors of the buildings and the pavements outside,
an underground tunnel, with main truck having a clear height of 6
feet and wid,th of 4 feet 6 inches, and with branches of same height
and a width of 3 feet 6 inches, is being constructed of reenforced con-
crete to connect with the principal buildings and the substation and
air-compressor plant. This tunnel will contain all power, light, tele-
phone, nre-alarm, etc., cables, and water, steam, fuel-oil, and com-
pressed air mains, and the main sewer. Rain water will be carried
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING SECOND DIVISION.
207
off the area occupied by the shop buildings by means of surface gut-
ters and drains.
Interior arrangements, vow er, and light.- — The selection and location
of equipment in the different shops has been practically completed
during the year. Electric power at 44,000 volts is to be delivered by
the trans-Isthmian transmission line to a substation adjacent to the
pump well of Dry Dock No. 1, where the voltage will be reduced to
2,200 volts for d.istribution. The shops have been arranged in four
groups as regards electric distribution, and each group provided with
transformers and switchboards for reducing the voltage from 2,200 to
230 for power and from 2,200 to 230-115 single-phase, three-wire, for
lighting. All power used in the plant will be three-phase, 25-cycle,
220-volt, except 220-volt direct current in the machine sliop for
variable-speed tools. 'Duplicate motor-generator sets will be in-
stalled in the machine shop for generating the direct-current power
required.
The following table shows the rated horsepower of all motors in
each group and building for driving cranes, individual machines, and
groups of machines :
Build-
ing.
Alternating current.
Direct
current
(individual).
Total
alter-
nating
current
horse-
power.
Circuit No.
Cranes.
Horse-
power.
Groups.
Individual.
Num-
ber.
Total
horse-
power.
Num-
ber.
Total
horse-
power.
Num-
ber.
Total
horse-
power.
1
1
2
?
4
16
8
5
336
20
225
17
157
37
527
748
2
92J
57
199
2
40
6
4
20
1
60
30
205
7i
2
22J
348i
4
62i
31
312J
723i
3
5
70
28
4
627|
60
5
70
32
687i
757^
12
10
7
15
9
1.......... ,.
168
2
15
12
3
1
181
120
20
168
2
15
16
321
504
Extension of No. 4
2
3
85
60
25J
25i
5
3
145
1,832
170i
1 832
Air compressors
Total
527
4. 735 J
The designs for the individual motorizing of 45 machines were
completed during the year.
One air compressor having a capacity of 5,000 and two having a
capacity of 2,400 cubic feet of free air per minute, each driven by
synchronous motors, will be installed, to improve the power factor.
The greater number of the machines and tools for the permanent
shops will be taken from the present shops. While many of those
machines have seen hard service and are less efficient than those of
208 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
recent design, it is considered economical to install and use them
until the character and quantity of work to be performed by the new
plant becomes known with sufficient definiteness to enable the types
and sizes of machines best adapted to the work to be selected. Among
the macliines to be purchased are one open-side, extension planer,
96 by 132 inches by 24 feet, one double-head lathe with a swing of
ways of about 75 inches and between centers of 65 feet, and one
506-ton forging press.
A general ilhimination system, supplemented with additional local
lights where necessary, has been adopted and the details for the
lighting of the planing mill and foundry were completed. Tungsten
lamps will be used.
CONTRACTS.
Contracts for the following material and equipment for the new
shops were made during the year:
Material. — Seventy thousand feet single-duct vitrified tile to
American Sewer Pipe Co., for $5,950.
Channels, I beams, and angles for stringers to Belmont Iron Works,
for $5,250.
Composition roofing to Barrett Manufacturing Co., for $3,709.94.
Trilby rail for building No. 1 to United States Steel Products Co.,
for $441.58.
Steel for 4-foot diameter cylinders to J. B. Kendall Co., at $10,343.14.
Steel for 3-foot diameter cylinders, girders, etc., for engine pits and
transfer table to J. B. Kendall Co., at $11,696.98.
Seventy-pound and 90-pound rails for crane runways to United
States Steel Products Co., at $2,471.92.
Twenty cloth pinions to General Electric Co., at $227.
Hollow tile to National Fheproof Roofing Co., at $7,632.80.
Trolley whe to United States Steel Products Co., at $569.25.
Strain insulators to General Electric Co., at $22.68.
Insulating spools to Globe Porcelain Co., at $220.
Channels, angles, etc., for footwalks in trusses to R. C. Hoffman &
Co., at $2,008.87.
Creosoted wood blocks sufficient for pavmg 14,600 square yards of
floor space to Republic Creosoting Co., at $28,470.
Equipment. — Three 60-ton overhead electric cranes to Ndes-
Bement-Pond Co., for $36,015, delivery before December 22, 1913.
Two 25-ton overhead electric cranes, and two 20-ton electric cranes,
to Cleveland' Crane & Engineering Co., for $25,700, delivery before
November 25, 1913.
Fifty-six induction motors, squirrel-cage type, including control
apparatus, at $21,737.52; 43 autostarters, at $3,064.98; and three oil
switches, at $100, to General Electric Co., delivery before October 27,
1913.
Five reversing planer motor equipments to General Electric Co., at
$5,620, delivery September 27, 1913.
Twenty-six slip-rmg, polar-wound rotor motors and 23 direct-cur-
rent motors to General Electric Co., at $40,040.60, delivery to begin
October 9, 1913, and to be completed January 2, 1914.
Five 2-horsepower motors to Westinghouse Electric & Manufactur-
ing Co., for $973, delivery December 6, 1913.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING SECOND DIVISION. 209
One annealing furnace, one mold oven, and four core ovens, to
Tate-Jones Co. (Inc.), for $13,740.
Sand-blast plant equipment to Thomas W. Pangborn Co., for
$6,754.90, delivery September 19, 1913.
Dry docks, coaling 'plants, and floating cranes. — Designing work in
connection with the dry docks, coaling plants, and floating cranes
has been under the immediate charge oi Civil Engineer F. II. Cooke,
United States Nav}^ with a force of engineers, draftsmen, and assis-
tants that numbered 12 at the end of the fiscal year. The services of
the first division have been used in the design and preparation of con-
tract plans and specifications of the miter gates for Dry Dock No. 1
and accessories, and of the floating caisson for Dry Dock No. 2, in
connection with similar work of the first division, on which Mr.
Henry Goldmark, designing engineer, has been in immediate charge;
and in the design of the wagon-body valves for the dry docks, by
Assistant Engineer T. E. L. Lipsey.
General description of dry docTcs. — The general design of dry docks
at Balboa has been worked out during the year so that the prepara-
tion of the detail drawings may proceed.
Drij Dock No. 1, principal dimensions.
Feet.
Len^h over all 1, 110. 0
Maximum length of ship dockable 1, 000. 0
Width of entrance, clear 110. 0
Width of body of dock at coping ] 40. 0
Width of body of dock at floor 117. 0
Depth, coping to floor 56. 0
Height of keel blocks 4. 5
Depth of water over top of blocks:
Mean sea level .35. 0
Mean high water 41 . 5
Mean low water 29. 3
This dock will rest on rock, and for a considerable portion of its
depth ^\'ill be in solid rock. It will be constructed practically wholly
of concrete, the only cut-stone work being the caisson seat and the
miter sill and quoins. Normally the closure will be a pair of mitering
gate leaves, very similar to those for the canal locks, and operated
by machines practically identical to those operating lock gates.
Beyond the gate proper there wiU be provided a seat for the floating
caisson that mil be constructed for general canal use, at a sufficient
distance from the gate to enable it to be painted and repaired in the
dry when the caisson is in place.
The dock wiU be flooded by means of longitudinal ducts formed in
the concrete side walls, communicating with the dock body through
grated openings in the dock floor along the bottom of the side walls.
The flow of water will be controlled by four metal wagon-body valves
operated by suitable machinery. The flooding intakes will be pro-
tected by metal screens, and chases for emergency valves wiU be
provided whereby the wagon-body valves may be inspected, painted,
and repaired, either in place or by being wholly withdrawn. The
time required for flooding at extreme high v/ater should not exceed
about 25 minutes with all valves open.
The pumping plant for emptying the dock wiU consist of four verti-
cal shaft centrifugal pumps, driven by electric motors. The diameter
11834°— 13 14
210 BEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
of the discharge of these pumps will be approximately 54 inches.
There wiU further be provided two drainage pumps of approximately
20-inch discharge diameter, and one small bilge pump for dealing
with seepage into the pump weU itself. AU these pumps will be
located in a suitable well, the motors and other electrical parts being
protected by a house provided with the necessary cranes, etc. The
discharge from the pumps will be carried through a concrete duct
entirely separate from the flooding ducts, and all necessary screens,
nonreturn valves, etc. , wiU be provided. The time required for pump-
ing out should not exceed 2 hours and 10 minutes at mean high water,
under wliich circumstances approximately 5,900,000 cubic feet of
water must be removed from tne dock against an average head of
approximately 22.5 feet.
Suitable tracks for a 50-ton locomotive jib crane, as well as tracks
of the standard gauge of the Panama Railroad, will be provided
entirely around the dock. All necessary capstans and bollards are
to be installed and a pipe tunnel with suitable outlets to body of dock
will be constructed around the dock. There will be stairways leading
to the floor of the dock on each side at the entrance, on each side at
the head, and at two points along the length of each side wall, at
which latter points material slides will also be provided.
The docking keel blocks mil be adjustable to fit the ship to be
docked, and this adjustability will be attained by means of noncor-
rosive metal sockets located at proper intervals in the dock floor.
Miter gates and gate-moving machinery. — Contract dated October
22, 1912, was entered into with the McCUn tic-Marshall Construction
Co. of Pittsburgh, Pa., for one pair of steel miter-gate leaves and fixed
irons, to be fabricated and delivered on the Isthmus within 425 days
of date of contract. The McClintic-MarshaU Construction Co. was
the only bidder under Circular No. 725, which was issued for the pur-
chase of these leaves and under wliich proposals were opened Sep-
tember 26, 1912. The bidder made an "original" item with four
alternates thereto, the latter deaUng with reduced time of delivery
at increased cost and recUiced price on account of omitting the erec-
tion of one leaf at the shops prior to shipment. As erection on the
Isthmus was not required, it was considered advisable to retain the
provision for erecting one leaf in the shop to insure accurate and
speedy erection later on, and the contract was accordingly awarded
on the ''original" item at an approximate price of $105,000, the
exact price being determined by applying the contract unit prices
to the actual scale weights of the finished parts.
Tills gate closes an opening 110 feet wide, of a height of 56 feet
from sill to coping. There are approximately 1,900,000 pounds of
metal in the two leaves, and 115,000 pounds of metal in the fixed
parts forming the anchorage.
The gate for Dry Dock No. 1 differs from those for the canal locks
in that the miter and quoin ends are to be fitted with green-heart
bearing pieces, rather than \\dth the metal bearing pieces provided for
the canal gates. This change was adopted in the interest of water-
tightness, as the dock will stand dry for the greater portion of the
time, and to reduce the amount of metal exposed to the action of sea
water. The timber quoin posts will bear against granite hollow quoins
and the "clapping sill" at the bottom of tiie gate will bear against a
granite miter sill. These changes necessitated certain structural
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING SECOND DIVISION. 211
changes in the ends of the metal gate structure, but aside from this the
gates are practically identical with those for the locks, except that the
footwalk on the top is the full width of the gate, and no miter forcing
machine wdllbe provided, as such seems unnecessary for dry dock use.
The mill and shop inspection of the gate leaves is being made by the
same force as for the lock gates; and at the close of tlie fiscal year
50 per cent of the structural steelwork had been completed, 90 per
cent of the castings had been cast, and 15 per cent of the latter had
been machined and completed. .
The gate-moving machines are being purchased under the mcrease
clause of contracts for similar material for the locks. There have thus
been purchased the following:
Two crank eear recess cover seats, ordered July 24, 1912, from the Standard
Foundry Co., of Buffalo, N. Y., at 1330.67 each yy ^^^^- ^
Two miter gate moving machines, one right hand, one left hand, ordered on
Dec 13, 1912, from the WTieeling Mold & Foundry Co., of WTieehng, W.
Va., W. 0. 27467-C y ^^' '^^^- ^^
Two 35 h. p. motors, ordered from the General Electric Co., Schenectady,
N. Y., Dec. 10, 1912, W. O. 27762-C - - - 956. 08
Starting panels, switches, controls, etc., for the above, ordered from the
General Electric Co., Dec. 10, 1912, W. O. 32230-C 872. 64
16, 242. 72
The foregoing material after receipt on the Isthmus will be stored
and protected until needed.
Dry Dock No. 2, principal dimensions.
^ ' r- x- Ft. in.
Length over all "^^^ ^
Maximum length of ship dockable 350 0
Width of entrance, clear '1 0
Width of body of dock at coping 92 0
Width of body of dock at floor »0 0
Depth, coping to floor 37 4
Height of keel blocks 4 0
Depth of water over top of blocks:
Mean sea level 1^ ^^
Mean high water -^ ^
Mean low water ^^
This dry dock is in Ueu of the two marine railways originally
contemplated, the Navy Department having expressed a preference
for such a dock and the local conditions having rendered its construc-
tion more advisable. This dry dock wiU also be founded on rock, but
the greater part of its walls will be of gravity section. The dock will
be closed by a floating steel caisson bearing against granite sills when
in place. The dock will be flooded normally by means of concrete
ducts and floor gratings similar to those for Dock No. 1, but of
reduced dimensions. The flow of water will be controlled by one
metal wagon-body valve similar to those for Dry Dock No. 1. An
auxiUary means of flooding will be provided by pipes and valves in the
caisson. The dock will be emptied by means of the pumping plant of
Dry Dock No. 1, the necessary valves and gratings being provided.
Access to the floor of the dock will be by means of four stairways, two
at the entrance and two at the head, and alongside each of the latter
two a material shde will be constructed. This dock will be served bv
the locomotive jib crane mentioned under Dry Dock No. 1, and will,
in general, be provided with the same accessories as Dry Dock No. 1.
212 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
The caisson for closing the entrance has presented an unusual
problem, for in order to take advantage of the dock at low stages of
tide, at which time there will still be sufficient depth over the blocks
to accommodate shallow draft canal craft such as barges, dredges, etc.,
the floating caisson must be capable of operation with a proper margin
of stabiUty at such low stages of tide.
The dimensions of this structure will be approximately as follows:
Ft. in.
Length molded 74 6
Height molded 40 0
Beam, maximum 25 0
Approximate weight (including permanent ballast), 638 tons.
For pumping out the caisson there will be provided two 15-inch
electrically driven centrifugal pumps. The top deck of the caisson
will form a roadway of sufficient width to accommodate vehicles.
Floating cranes.— In anticipation of requirements that will develop
after the completion of the canal, investigation has been made by
representatives of the Isthmian Canal Commission, reports submitted
and inspection made, during the past two years, of the principal
floating cranes in use in the United States and Canada, as well as
abroad, and the experience and facilities of different manufacturers
have been ascertained, with a view to determining the type of crane
that will best meet canal requirements. The conclusion was early
reached that two floatmg cranes of the largest size would be necessary
to meet conditions that might arise in handling lock and dock gate
leaves. These cranes will also have to meet the requirements, as
regards reach and lifting capacity, of the Navy Department; they
must be able to handle the heaviest guns and armament in connection
with canal fortifications, and they must be capable of performing
suitable lifting operations in comiection with commercial freight
and repairs to commercial vessels, as well as the performance of
wrecking service both from a mifitary and commercial standpoint.
To meet these conditions Circular 743 was issued October 30, 1912,
calling for the construction and delivery of two floating cranes, of
the revolving type, having a maximum lifting capacity of 250 gross
tons.
The following proposals were opened under this circular on January
13, 1913:
1. Neumeyer & Dimond, as agents for the Deutsche Maschinen Fabrik, A. G., of
Duisburg, Germany:
Two cranes, $820,350; time 580 days.
One crane, $420,175; time 550 days.
2. Werf Gusto, Schiedam, near Rotterdam, Holland:
Two cranes, $920,000; no time.
One crane, $400,000; no time.
3. Cowans, Sheldon Co. (Ltd.), Carlisle, England:
Two cranes, £230,000; time 548 days.
One crane, £115,250; time 548 days.
4. Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., Cleveland, Ohio:
Two cranes, $1,450,000; time 690 days.
One crane, $745,000; time 690 days.
Award was made April 17, 1913, to the lowest bidder, the Deutsche
Maschinen Fabrik, A. G., in the approximate amount of $827,550,
based on delivery of two similar cranes in 580 days. The difference
between the above approximate amount and the bid price of $820,350
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING — SECOND DIVISION. 213
is due to certain alternate items and to modifications in some minor
details, all such modifications having been defuiitely agreed upon
STior to formal contract. These cranes are now under construction.
Ir. Henry Schoellhorn, formerly mechanical engmeer of the mechani-
cal division, was sent to Duisourg as the local inspector under the
Washington office of the commission.
The manufacture of large floating cranes is a specialty in which
very few firms have had experience. It will be noted that of the four
bidders one was from the United States, one from England, one from
Holland, and one from Germany, and these four firms manufacture
the best types of large cranes that are in existence. The only Ameri-
can bidder was about 77 per cent higher in cost than the low bidder.
This difference in price, however, is largely accounted for by the
increased weight of material offered by the American bidder. Award
was made to the foreign bidder under authority of act of June 25,
1906, providing "that purchase of material and equipment for use
in the construction of the Panama Canal shall be restricted to articles
of domestic production and manufacture, from the lowest responsible
bidder, unless the President shall, in any case, deem the bids or
tenders therefor to be extortionate or unreasonable."
Under date of March 2, 1909, this joint resolution was interpreted
by the President, so far as it refers to bids on foreign material, as
follows:
The following Executive instructions in furtherance of joint resolution No. 35 of
June 25, 1906 (34 Stat. L., 835), will hereafter control in comparing bids for materials
to be used in connection with the construction of the Panama Canal and in determining
awards thereon:
When bids submitted on material of foreign production are lower than on material
of domestic production and manufacture preference will be given to the article of
domestic production and manufacture, unless the bid for the latter exceeds the former
by an amount equal to the duty of the imported article. Where an article of domestic
manufacture is made up, in part, of imported ingredients or components the presence
of such components will be ignored, if duty has been paid. If, however, the article
is manufactured in bond, or if the bid is based on a drawback being paid or allowed,
the amount of such duty or drawback should be similarly considered in making the
award.
General description. — Each crane consists essentially of a steel
pontoon 150 feet long, 88 feet wide, and 16 feet 3 inches average
depth, containing a power-generating plant, and supporting the fixed
and revolving superstructure. The power is "steam-electric," steam
being supplied by a Scotch marine boiler, coal fired. Electric energy
is generated at 220 volts direct current by steam generators. Ail
motions of the hooks are controlled by one operator. The pontoon
is not self-propelling, but is fitted with a powerful steam capstan
at each of the four corners for warping the crane into any desired
position, and is further fitted with suitable towing bits, cleats, etc.,
and with two 3,000-pound anchors handled by steam.
The fixed and revolving superstructure is centered at a point 39
feet distant from one end of the pontoon and midway of its width.
The fixed superstructure consists of a truncated steel framed pyramid
supporting at its top the revolving superstructure. This latter con-
sists of two parts, the "bell" which surrounds the pyramid, and which
sujjports the jib, machinery room, and operator's cab, and the jib
which is hinged to the bell at its top and carries the mam and aux-
iliary hoist. Rotation about the vertical axis is had by power appHed
214 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
between the bell and pyramid near the foot of the latter. Movement
of the jib in a vertical plane is had by means of two Unks attached to
the jib and to carriages driven by vertical screw spindles, these latter
being at the rear of the bell and vertically over the machinery house.
Tms desim of superstructure eliminates virtually all uncertainty as
to how the Toads are carried. All vertical loads, dead and live, of the
revolving superetructure are concentrated at the top of the pyramid.
The overturning moment of the live, dead, and wind loads of the
revolving superstructure is resisted by horizontal forces apphed at
the top and bottom of the pyramid. The clearances are such that no
part of the revolving superstructure, except the jib, overhangs the
pontoon in any position, and the heights of superstructure are such
that unencumbered passage around it is provided in all positions. An
area 20 feet by 60 feet on the deck of the pontoon is made especially
strong, being capable of carrying a supeiimposed load of 2,000
pounds per square foot, this area being intended for the reception of
loads up to a total of 300 gross tons. The cranes can, therefore, carry
very heavy and bulky loads on their decks when it is necessary to
transport them anywhere on the canal, thus rendering unnecessary
the use of barges, etc., for this purpose.
The jib is provided with two hoists designated the "main hoist"
and "auxiliary hoist," respectivelv. The main hoist is fixed at the
point of the jib and will consist of two equal blocks, each of a rated
capacity of 125 gross tons. These two blocks can be linked together
by means of an "equalizer bar," whereby they may be made to form
substantially one hoist of 250 tons capacity. Each block of tne main
hoist will be suspended in 10 parts of 2-inch wire rope.
The auxiliary hoist will have a rated capacity of 15 gross tons and
will consist of a two-part block swung from a traveling trolley run-
ning on a runway secured to the lower side of the jib in such manner
that the auxiliary hoist can be operated at any point of this runway
in any position of the jib. The main hoist can handle its rated loads
at any point in a full circumference of 360°. It can revolve com-
pletely under maximum loads and can in addition be luffed in or out
by means of the above-mentioned links and screw spindles. The
main hoist will have the following capacities at the reacnes stated for
each. By "reach" is meant the horizontal distance from face of
pontoon fender to center of block.
100 tons.
150 tons.
Loaded reach over end .
Loaded reach over side.
Feet.
80.1
81.6
Feet.
59.0
62.4
Feet.
21.0
22.3
From any of these reaches the main load can be luffed in sufficiently
far to enable the crane to deposit such load on its own deck.
The time of hoisting main loads is as follows:
Tons per minute.
Ft. in.
250 3 (i
125 7 0
62.5 14 0
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING — SECOND DIVISION. 21 5
The unloaded blocks are raised or lowered at not less than 20 feet
per minute. The crane can make one complete revolution in from 5
to 8 minutes, depending on the load and the wind, the lower figure
being the most favorable condition without wind. The jib loaded
with 100 tons can be luffed in from its maximum to minimum reach
in not more than 17 minutes and luffed out in not more than 13 min-
utes. Without load the jib can be fully luffed in from maximum to
minimum reach in not more than 10 minutes and luffed out in not more
than 8 minutes. The speed of hoisting the fully loaded auxiliary
block will be not less than 40 feet per minute, and the unloaded aux-
iliary block can be raised or lowered at not less than 80 feet per
minute. The speed of troUeying the auxiUary hoist along the runway
will be from 40 to 80 feet per minute, depending upon the degree of
inclination of the jib.
Each crane will be safely stable in a wind exerting a pressure of 40
pounds per square foot, even with full 300-ton deck load on the pon-
toon. Of course the operation of the cranes would not be attempted
in a gale. The pontoon wiU have a freeboard of not less than 3h feet
when handling maximum capacity loads in any position without deck
load ; if the deck load be present tliis freeboard will be reduced to not less
than 2 feet. The maxmium longitudinal incUnation of the pontoon
will not exceed 2^° and the maximum transverse inchnation will not
be greater than 5°. Each crane will be provided with ladders, stairs,
gangways, etc., for convenient communication, inspection, and repair;
will be equipped with all necessary signals and means of communica-
tion; and will be electric lighted throughout.
Other floating equipment. — In order that the canal may be equipped
with harbor tugs of suitable design and sufficient power so that not
more than two of them will be required to handle the largest vessels
using the canal for docking and undocking, as well as towing through
any portion of the canal, investigation and inspection of the most
modem and largest harbor tugs in use along the Atlantic coast of the
United States and in the leading ports of England has been made by
representatives of the Istlimian Canal Commission during the past
two years and reports have been submitted with full data in regard
to the present practice, and recommendations have been made con-
cerning the characteristics of the proposed tugs. An estimate for the
purchase of four of these tugs was included in the estimates for the
fiscal year 1913-14, and at the close of the fiscal year 1913 it was
expected to proceed at once with the preparation of plans and specifi-
cations for these tugs, to be known as "Type A" tugs, in order that
they can be ready for use by January 1, 1915. These tugs will be
supplemented by a number of commission tugs as soon as they are
needed and can be spared from the construction work on which they
are now engaged.
No steps were taken during the year toward fitting up any of the
commission sand and rock barges for use after completion of the canal
as coal barges. This work will be taken in hand when the barges
can be spared from construction use and before any coal barges are
required for the new coahng plants.
Coaling plants. — Work has proceeded during the year on plans and
specifications for the main coahng plant at the Atlantic terminus and
for the subsidiary coahng plant at the Pacific terminus, along the fines
described in the annual report for 1912. The procedure adopted has
216 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
been to invite proposals on the coal handling machinery, as described
in general specifications, the substructure and all other work in con-
nection with the plants to be performed by the commission with its
own forces, and the latter to be designed to fit the machinery for
which contracts are to be made.
In general, the Pacific plant wiU be half the size, as regards storage
and handling capacity, of the Atlantic plant. The storage capacities
of the plants will be sufficient to meet the miUtary needs as recom-
mended by the Navy Department. The specified rates of unloading
coal from vessels into the storage piles have been fixed by the capacity
of standard unloading machines, and the desire to be able to unload
two vessels at one time at the Atlantic plant, with two unloading
machines to each vessel, and one vessel at the Pacific plant with two
machines. The reloading capacity of the Atlantic plant, that is,
transferring coal from storage into coUier or barge, has been fixed
after consideration of the reloading capacity of modern commercial
plants in the United States. The capacity of each reloading machine
and the desire to equip the Atlantic plant so that two vessels can be
loaded at one time with two machines serving each vessel, and the
Pacific plant so that one vessel can be loaded with two machines,
has determined the capacity specified for each plant and the num-
ber of macliines to be furnished.
During the year the policy has been adopted of providing storage
in connection with both plants for coal piles of individuals and
companies who desire to participate in the business of supplying
vessels that use the canal with coal; and the plants have been so
designed that these private coal piles can be served conveniently with
the same machinery that handles the Government coal. It is desired
to encourage individuals and companies in the business of furnishing
fuel to vessels that use the canal. Until legislation is secured per-
mitting it, the Isthmian Canal Commission has no authority to
lease any land, or land under water, in the Canal Zone, except in
accordance with act of February 27, 1909, which permits the leas-
ing of land for agricultural purposes. Until contractual relations
with individuals and companies are therefore authorized there will
not be sufficient inducement offered to make the investment of capi-
tal in coaling wharves, piers, dredging, etc., attractive, as leases may
be granted at present only under a revocable Hcense, terminable at
the pleasure of the Government, without fiability for reimbm*se-
ment on account of any improvements made.
The amount of rental of the areas for the storage of coal under
revocable license has not yet been fixed. In addition to rent there
will be, in the case of improvements made on the area in question by
the licensee, a real-estate tax of 1 per cent per annum oi the value
of the improvements and a merchandise tax of 5 cents for each 2,000
pounds 01 coal sold. The handling charges for putting coal into
storage and taking it out, charges for the use of coal barges, and
other labor in connection with this service will be reasonable, and
it is expected that coal belonging to individuals and companies will
be subject to practically the same charges as the Government coal.
Circular 763 was issued February 1.3, 1913, inviting proposals on
coal-handhng machinery and accessories for the Atlantic and Pacific
plants. The Atlantic plant will lie on the north end of Mindi Island,
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING SECOND DIVISION. 217
between the French and American Canals, onposite Dock 11, Cristo-
bal. Railroad connection to this plant will be secured by a spur
from the Panama Railroad main line crossing the French Canal oppo-
site Mount Hope, which work was well under way at the end of the
fiscal year. The Pacific plant has been located at the outer end of the
approach wall, southeast of the dry-dock entrance. Circular 763
was accompanied by general plans snowing the general location and
character of each plant.
General description. — The Atlantic plant was specified to consist
of not less than 1,000 linear feet of unloading wharf, not less than
1,000 linear feet of reloading wharf, and a coal pile 1,000 feet long by
250 feet wide, the coal being stored to a maximum depth of 50 feet,
of which the bottom 20 feet will be permanently under salt water.
Coal is to be taken from water carrier into storage by means of four
unloading towers having a combined normal capacity of 1,000 tons
per hour. It is to be reclaimed from storage and reloaded to colliers
or barges by means of two reclaiming bridges and four movable
reloaders, these units having a combined normal capacity of 2,000
tons per hour. A conveying system will transport the coal between
the various operating units in use. The storage capacity of the origi-
nal pile, 1,000 by 250 feet, was as follows:
Tons.
Wet 125, 000
Normal dry 121, 000
Emergency dry 52, 800
Total 298, 800
The location adopted permits the extension of this pile in length of
about 700 feet.
The terms ''wet," "normal dry," and ''emergency dry," are
applied to the lowest 20 feet (in salt water), the next 20 feet, and the
top 10 feet, respectively. Tons are short tons of 2,000 pounds each,
40 cubic feet of coal bemg considered equivalent to 1 ton.
For the Pacific plant the circular specified two alternate plans,
designated as "N" and "O," respectively. In plan "N" the length
of unloading and reloading wharf, length of coal pile, and number of
operating units were specified as half that for the Atlantic plant in
each case, thus the normal unloading capacity was 500 tons per hour
and the normal reclaiming and reloading capacity was 1,000 tons per
hour. Although the width of coal pile was specified to be the same
as that at the Atlantic plant, i. e., 250 feet, the storage capacity will
be somewhat greater than one-half that for the Atlantic plant, as the
"wet " storage is 24 feet deep at Balboa, making the total 54 feet deep
instead of 50 feet. The increased depth of ' ' wet " storage results from
the elevation at which rock is found on the site, together with the
greater tidal oscillation. Under plan " O " Balboa, it is contemplated
to utilize the four berm cranes which were used in the Pacific division
for handling concrete at Pedro Miguel and Mirafiores Locks, these
cranes making it unnecessary to purchase new stocking and reclaiming
bridges to span the coal pile. At the same time a somewhat gi'eater
storage capacity is obtamed with the greater reach of these berm
cranes. Tne number of unloaders and reloaders and the handUng
capacity are the same as for plan "N" Balboa, the necessary changes
bemg made in the conveying system to serve the berm cranes. The
218
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
relative storage capacities for the two designs at Balboa are shown in
the following table :
Wet
Normal dry
Emergency dry
Total
Plan "O.'
Tons.
100, 000
80,000
30,000
210, 000
Plan"N.'
Ton.1.
75,000
60,000
25,000
160,000
Proposals under Circular 763 were opened in the Washington office
June 14, 1913, and were received on the Isthmus for canvass just
prior to the close of the fiscal year. These proposals were accom-
panied by plans, specifications, information, and other data. Five
proposals were received, each of which is listed below:
Bidder.
David Duncan, 17 Battery Place, New York City
Himt Construction Co., 45 Broadway, New York
Augustus Smith, Bayoime, N.J
W. L. Bull, jr.. Inc., 135 Front St., N. Y
WeUman-Seaver-Morgan Co., Cleveland, Ohio
Cristobal
only.
$2,121,660
2,111,813
1,413,689
2,313,750
960, 260
Balboa
onlv, plan
SI, 140, 830
1,361,285
901,373
1,581,000
631, 130
Both com-
plete.
Time of
delivery.
$3,262,490
3,350,497
2,300,000
3,894,750
1, 573, 390
Months.
There were 19 items listed in the circular whereby the work might
be subdivided if advantageous, but for convenience as a general indi-
cation of the price received, the bids for Cristobal only, for Balboa
plan ''N" only, and for both complete, are shown. But one bidder,
Augustus Smith, submitted a proposal under plan "O," his bid being
$570,000 for tliis design, time of completion both plants, with plan
"O" Balboa, 34 months. The proposal of the Wellman-Seaver-
Morgan Co. is based on a completely alternate design from that de-
scribed in the specifications accompanying Circular 763. These pro-
posals were being canvassed at the close of the fiscal year.
Fuel-oil plants. — Work has proceeded during the year on the fuel-
oil plants as described in the annual report for 1912. October 1 , 1912,
contract was made with the Petroleum Iron Works Co., of Sharon, Pa.,
for four storage tanks 93 feet in diameter by 35 feet high, capacity
40,000 barrels, erected complete, at a total cost of $62,800. At the
end of the year these tanks had been practically completed, two at
Mount Hope and two on Balboa dump southeast of Sosa Hill, and
plans were under way to connect them up ^^^th the water front.
During the year the policy has been adopted for the Government to
retain complete control of the terminals, water frontage, and trans-
portation across the Isthmus by land and water. Tliis would include
all pipe lines across the Isthmus. It is proposed to equip the wharf
in the vicinity of the coaling station at the Pacific terminals, and
Docks 13 and 14 at Mount Hope on tlie Atlantic side, with fuel-oil
supply and delivery mains, in chiplicate, together witli the necessary
pumps so that the Government will be able to satisfactorily handle all
luel oil, including fuel oil of individuals and companies who may wish
to participate in the fuel-oil business on the Isthmus.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING— SECOND DIVISION. 219
The general terms wiW. be the same as those applying to the coaling
business. At the close of the year sites for the fuel-oil tanks at each
terminus, of individuals and companies, were under consideration.
It seems that the most available and desirable area on the Atlantic
side lies east and south of Mount Hope Cemetery, between the Mount
Hope Road and the east diversion canal. On the Pacific side the most
suitable area is on Balboa dump southeast of Sosa Hill.
In addition to the rental charge for the land to be occupied by oil
tanks, individuals and companies will be subject to a tax of 1 per
cent of the value of improvements made by them and to a merchan-
dise tax of li cents per barrel on all sales of fuel oil. The rates to be
charged individuals and companies for piping oil will be practically
the same rates that will be charged against oil owned by the Govern-
ment. On March 31, 1913, the contract with the Union Oil Co., for
fuel oil used by the commission, expired, and this contract was
renewed for a period of 15 months. The price of oil is $1.10 per
barrel of 42 gallons, pumped into commission tanks. The con-
truction of an oil pipe line across the Isthmus had not been
authorized up to the end of the fiscal year.
Quaij walls and Pier No. 1. — The design and the preparation of
working drawings for the quay walls adjacent to the Panama Railroad
new concrete dock at Balboa, for Pier No. 1, including the pier shed,
and for quay wall construction and the landings for small boats at the
head of the sHps on each side of Pier No. 1 have been under the im-
mediate direction of Mr. W. Rowland, junior engineer. The general
plan of the section of the quay wall northeast of the Panama Rail-
road new concrete dock Qsnown as section "g-h-i") and of Pier
No. 1 had been prepared and approved by Division Engineer S. B.
Wilhamson prior to his resignation on December 12, 1912. Since that
time the detail drawings of this work have been completed, and work
has started on quay wall section "e-f," southwest of Panama Rail-
road new concrete dock, and on the quay waUs at the head of Shp
No. 1 and Shp No. 2.
General description, quay wall section ^'g-h-i." — ^This section ex-
tends between the northeast end of the Panama Railroad new con-
crete dock and the head of Shp No. 1, a distance of about 1,238 feet.
The substructure consists of rows of reenforced concrete cylinders 7
feet 6 inches in diameter sunk to rock, three cylinders to a row, with
rows spaced about 35 feet apart. The superstructure consists of a
7^-incn floor slab of reenforced concrete supported by reenforced con-
crete longitudinal stringers framed between reenforced concrete cross
girders. The wearing surface wiU be vitrified brick, laid on edge,
with a |-inch sand cushion between the brick and floor slab. The
floor is 60 feet wide, with one railroad track along the water front.
This wharf has a live load capacity of 680 pounds per square foot.
Pier No. 1. — ^The substructure consists of the same type of con-
crete cyhnders as used on quay wall section "g-h-i." The pier will
be 201 feet wide by 1,000 feet long, will have one raih-oad track along
each side, and two depressed railroad tracks through the center.
The pier consists of two concrete wharves, each supported on rows
of cylinders, three cylinders to a row, with rows spaced 29 feet 6
inches apart. For a width of 50 feet in the center the floor will be
supported on a rock fill. Comparative estimates on reenforced con-
220 BEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Crete and steel incased in concrete led to the adoption of reenforced
concrete for the floor girders and stringers as being more economical.
The pier will be paved with vitrified brick, laid on edge, and it
will have a live-load capacity of 750 pounds per square foot. The
pier will be covered with a steel frame shed 160 feet wide and 1,000
leet long.
Small boat landings. — At the head of Shp No. 1 and Shp No. 2, on
each side of Pier No. 1, there wiU be a landing for small Doats, con-
sisting of about 303 feet of quay wall. In each shp there wiU be a
floating landing about 242 feet long, composed of two reenforced con-
crete pontoons each about 121 feet by 27 feet, with two inclined
bridges 90 feet long and 5 feet wide in the clear.
Quay wall, section * ' e-fJ^ — This section of quay wall lies immediately
southwest of the Panama Railroad new concrete dock, and wiU be
about 775 feet in length and 60 feet in width. This quay wall will
be buUt in water. The substructure will consist of 6-foot reenforced
concrete cylinders, three in a row, with rows about 21 feet center to
center. In order to make the excavation and to place concrete in
the dry, steel forms will be used. Above mud Une it is proposed to
use special bolted-up forms that can be removed by a diver. This
wharf will be subjected to unusually heavy loads, as it will form the
main repair wharf, and, in addition, a portion of the wharf will be
fitted up with two of the sand cranes now in use at Balboa, and sand
will be regularly transferred from barges to cars on it as long as it is
necessary to maintain the sand service of the sixth division. A por-
tion of the wharf can be used for the temporary storage of sand in
bins if desired.
As this wharf will be built over the water, the longitudinal and
transverse girders will be of steel encased in concrete. The reen-
forced concrete floor slab will have a thickness of 7 inches, on which
will be laid vitrified paving brick. The five load which the wharf
will be capable of carrying wiU be 1,000 pounds per square foot.
Permanent Settlements.
During the latter part of the year an area along the edge of Balboa
dump, south of Sosa Hfll, was set aside for a permanent settlement
for silver employees at the Pacific terminus; aside from this, there
has been no change in the permanent settlements described in the
annual report for 1912, which include Cristobal at the Atlantic
terminus, Gatun and Pedro Miguel at the Atlantic and Pacific locks,
respectively, and Balboa and Ancon at the Pacific terminus.
Meteorological and Hydrographic Section.
The work of this section during the fiscal year has been under the
immediate charge of Supervisor F. D. Willson, with Mr. H. G. Com-
thwaite, principal meteorologist, and Mr. H. T. Critchlow, principal
hydrographer.
General. — The three first-class meteorological stations — ^Ancon,
Culebra, and Colon — were continued in operation throughout the year,
each with fuU complement of instruments, and in charge of a sloUed
observer. Wind records were continued at Gatun, Pedro JMi^uel,
Sosa, and Miraflores. The records at the latter station were obtained
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING SECOND DIVISION. 221
for use by the department of sanitation in the study of mosquito
Twenty-six rainfall stations are maintained, 15 equipped with
standard and 11 with automatic rain gauges.
Evaporation records are obtained from the following stations:
Ancon, Rio Grande Reservoir, Gatun Lake, Brazos Brook reservoir,
and Colon.
Duplicate tide registers are in operation at Colon and Balboa,
where automatic records of the sea temperature are also obtained.
Seismograph stations are maintained at Ancon and Gatun.
Maximum and minimum temperatures, from instruments exposed
to the direct rays of the sun, were obtained at Miraflores dumps for
the use of the Fortification Board. Hydrographic stations were
continued at Vigia, Alhajuela, Gamboa, Gatun, and Trinidad.
Regular field work has been cairied on by the hydrographers at
different stations.
All current meters used on discharge measurement work were
cahbrated at the Gamboa rating station. Twenty-three ratings
were made during the fiscal year.
Regular gauging work was discontinued on the smaller streams at
the end of the year 1912, the work being interfered with by backwater
from the lake.
Special hydrographic survey was made of the lower end of the
Gatun spillway channel from the lower end of the concrete channel
to a point 50 feet below the present cable station. A contour map
was plotted from the data obtained.
The gauge rods in Gatun Lake were checked from precise level
bench marks in the vicinity of each station, and small adjustments,
found necessary from continuous water-level observations obtained
during the dry season of 1912, were made.
Office work. — Daily meteorological and hydrographic reports have
been received from the various stations and pubfished for the infor-
mation of the various divisions. All observations and gaugings have
been computed, checked, tabulated, and filed. Monthly discharge
curves have been constructed, and discharge tables made. Data
from current meter ratings have been calculated, checked, and
rating tables compiled. Monthly reports ot meteorological and hydro-
^aphic conditions have been submitted. The work of flood predic-
tions and warnings was handled in the central office.
METEOROLOGY.
Weather. — The weather experienced on the Isthmus during the
calendar year 1912 was in many respects similar to that which pre-
vailed during the preceding year. The rainfall, relative humicnty,
and atmospheric pressure were generally deficient, while the air
temperature and wind movement were above normal.
Precipitation. — The rainfall on the Isthmus during the calendar
year 1912 was everj^where below normal except along the immediate
Pacific coast, but it was generally heavier than the annual rainfall in
1911. The 1912 precipitation exceeded the values for the previous
year at all stations except Rio Grande, Camacho, Alhajuela, Monte
Lirio, and Porto Bello. The annual totals ranged from 71.78 inches
at Ancon to 147.61 inches at Porto Bello. Balboa reported the least
222
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
number of rainy days, 148, and Brazos Brook the greatest number,
282. The monthly rainfall records for 1912, 1913, and the station
averages are shown in Table No. 1.
The maximum 24-hour precipitation recorded during the year 1912
was 7.23 inches at Ancon on ]\Iay 12-13. Daily quantities in excess
of 4 inches were recorded as follows :
stations.
Date.
Amount.
Stations.
Date.
Amount.
May 12
...do ....
Inches.
7.06
7.00
6.41
6.15
4.10
Porto Bello
Sept. 14
Sept. 22
Nov. 11
Dec. 30
Inches.
4.02
Camacho
4.17
Porto Bello
May 21
July 17
Aug. 19
Miraflores
4.70
Do
4.04
A large part of the 1912 deficiency in rainfall occurred during the
dry-season months — ^January to April, inclusive. The dry-season
rainfall amounted to but 5 per cent of the annual total in the Pacific
section and 4 per cent in the Central and Atlantic sections. The fol-
lowing table presents the average section rainfall and the total num-
ber of rainy days for the year 1912 :
Section.
Average
rainfall,
year 1912.
Rainy
days.
Paciiic
Inches.
76.59
89.68
125. 36
161
203
Atlantic. . .
251
Table No. 2 presents the monthly rainfall records by sections for
the year 1912, while the maximum rainfall of record for periods of 5
minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours at the stations equipped vdth. auto-
matic registers is shown in Table No. 3. Table No. 4 gives the hourly
distribution of rainfall at selected stations during the year 1912.
From this table it may be seen that the heaviest rains usually occur
between the hours of 2 and 3 p. m., and that the percentage of rain-
fall during working hours is much higher in the Pacific section than
in the Atlantic section, where a relatively large percentage of the
annual rainfall occurs during the night.
During the first six months of 1913 the rainfall has continued
generally below normal, although the deficiencies as a rule have been
small.
TEMPERATURE.
The average air temperatures for the year 1912 were well above
normal, especially during the dry season months. The maximum
temperatures recorded at Ancon and Culebra in April, 1912, estab-
lished new high temperature records for these stations. ]\Iarch was
the warmest month at Ancon, and April at Culebra and Colon, wliile
November was the coolest month at all stations.
The means and extremes in temperature for the year 1912 are pre-
sented in the following: table:
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING SECOND DIVISION.
223
Station.
Maximum.
Minimum.
"F.
Date.
°F.
Date.
mean.
Ancon
97
96
91
Apr. 7 '
Apr. 171
Mav 5
66
65
71
Feb. 1
Feb. 2
Feb. 10
80.7
79.6
80.7
Culebra
Colon
' Same temperature recorded on May 5.
The absolute maximum and minimum temperature of record at
the three first-class meteorological stations are shown below:
Absolute temperatures of record.
[Revised to June 30, 1913.]
Station.
Maximum.
Minimum.
°F.
Date.
°F.
Date.
Ancon
97
96
92
Apr. 7, 1912
Apr. 17,19121
June 3 1909
63
61
Jan. 27 1910
Culebra
Mar. 21 191 n
Colon
66 TtPO .•? 1009
1 Same temperature recorded on May 5, 1912.
Notes.— The lowest temperature of record on the Isthmus is 59° F. observed at 15as Obispo on Feb. 9,
1907. The maximum temperature record at Ancon — 97° F. — was equaled at the Naos Island station on
Feb. 13, 1906.
Practically normal conditions of air temperature prevailed during
the first six months of 1913.
Monthly temperature records and other weather data for the year
1912 at the principal stations are presented in Tables Nos. 5, 6, and 7.
There was a notable excess in wind movement during the year 1912.
The average velocities were abnormally high during the dry season
months. The prevailing direction was from the northwest at Ancon
and Culebra, and from the north at Colon. March was the windiest
month at all stations, and June the month of least wind movement.
No unusually high velocities were recorded at any of the first-class
stations, although a maximum velocity of 49 miles an hour from the
east was recorded at the Gatun station on August 7, 1912, during a
local rain squall.
Wind records on Sosa Hill were continued throughout the year
for comparison with the Ancon records. The average wind move-
ment for the fiscal year 1912-13 was 43 per cent greater at Sosa
than at Ancon, due to the higher elevation and better exposure of the
Sosa instruments. The prevailing direction was from the northwest
at each station. Northwest wind prevailed 80 per cent of the ti5ne
at Sosa and 58 per cent of the time at Ancon. The maximum veloci-
ties recorded during the fiscal year were 48 miles an hour from the
south on June 1 1 at Sosa and 32 miles from the south on the same date
at Ancon. Comparative monthly wind records for these stations are
presented in Table No, 8.
224
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
The following table, revised to June 30, 1913, shows the maximum
wind velocities of record at the first-class stations:
Maximum velocity.
station.
Miles
per hour.
Direc-
tion.
Date.
59
39
40
S
N
S
Julv 10,1909
July 20,1910
Julv 16,1908
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.
The annual mean atmospheric pressure for 1912 was slightly below
normal. April was the month of highest mean pressure, and Decem-
ber the month of lowest pressure at all stations except Colon, where
the lowest pressure occurred in September.
RELATIVE HUMIDITY.
The relative humidity was also below normal during the year 1912.
The lowest average humidity occurred in March and the highest in
October and November. The annual means for 1912 (from bi-
hourly readings) were 81 per cent at Ancon, 82 per cent at Culebra,
and 83 per cent at Colon.
CLOUDINESS.
Approximately normal conditions of cloudiness prevailed during
the year 1912. The daytime cloudiness was somewhat heavier along
the Pacific coast than over the central and Atlantic sections. The
average cloudiness for the first six months of 1913 was generally
deficient except during the month of May.
EVAPORATION.
Weather conditions during 1912 favored a high rate of evaporation
and the annual totals were the highest of record at all stations.
Evaporations during the first haK of 1913 continued abnormally-
heavy. The monthly records are shown in Table No. 9._ The fol-
lowing table gives the 1912 and average annual evaporation at the
various stations :
Annual evaporation.
Station.
1912
Average.
Inches.
57.428
58. 501
61. 184
60.929
Inches.
46. 877
53.137
61.032
54. 547
Night fogs were of frequent occurrence at the interior stations in
the Canal Zone durmg the rainy season, 1912, but less frequent during
the dry-season months. Few fogs wore observed at either coast sta-
tion. Practically all fogs lifted or were dissipated by 8.30 a. m.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING SECOND DIVISION.
225
SEA TEMPERATURE.
The average surface temperature of the sea water for the year 1912
was normal at Colon, but 2° F. below normal at Balboa. The maxi-
mum sea temperature recorded durmg the year at Balboa was 86° F.
in June and the mmimum 67° F. m February and March, The max-
imum at Colon was 87° F. in May and June and the minimum 78° in
March. The monthly means and extremes at each station are shown
in Table No. 10.
TIDAL CONDITIONS.
Tide registers were continued in operation at Balboa and Colon.
The tide extremes of record at these stations are given below (length
of record, six years), table revised to June 30, 1913.
station.
Maximum high water.
Extreme low water.
Maximum daily
range. 1
Minimum daily
range.'
Eleva-
tion.
Date.
Eleva-
tion.
Date.
Feet.
Date.
Feet.
Date.
Balboa
Colon
+ 11.2
+ 1.65
Oct. 2, 1909
Nov. 27, 1909
-10.6
- 1.01
Apr. 11,1910
June 9, 1910
20.8
2.17
Apr. 11,1910
June 28,1911
5.1
Mar. 24,1911
1 For consecutive tides. 2 One tidal fluctuation often entirely absent at Colon.
Note.— Elevations in feet referred to mean sea level.
Tide conditions on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts for the year 1912
are shown in Table No. 11,
SEISMOLOGY.
A number of seismic disturbances were registered at Ancon and
Gatun during the fiscal year 1912-13. Most of these disturbances
were slight tremors due to quakes of distant origin. All were shocks
of msufficient intensity to be sensibly felt in the Canal Zone, and no
damage resulted from them. A complete list of the seismic disturb-
ances recorded at Ancon during the year is presented in Table No. 12.
The records at Gatun agree in most respects with the Ancon records.
The following plates and tables accompany the report of the mete-
orological section:
Plates:
No. 108. Annual rainfall along canal location.
No. 109. Wind roses, year 1912, dry and rainy seasons.
Tables:
1. Monthly rainfall on the Isthmus of Panama.
2. Monthly rainfall by sections, year 1912, and averages.
3. Maximum rainfall in Canal Zone.
4. Hourly distribution of rainfall in Canal Zone.
5. Monthly meteorological data — Ancon, year 1912.
6. Monthly meteorological data— Culebra, year 1912.
7. Monthly meteorological data — Colon, year 1912.
8. Comparative Ancon and Sosa wind records.
9. Monthly evaporation— Canal Zone, 1912, 1913, and averages.
10. Sea temperatures— year 1912.
11. Tidal conditions— year 1912.
12. Seismograph records, Ancon, year ended June 30, 1913.
11834°— 13 15
226
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CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING SECOND DIVISION.
227
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O '8 O 'CO ^ •« S
0> 05 'N fH
Tr u5 .CO o
-luiS,
S« 00
(MOO CO
00-*lO
ss
ssg
-H — CO
oooo
oo r^ t^
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roSco
S8S
PJi-lN
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cooco
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sss
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COC<lN
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00 CO CO
ss
— t-'*
oo«o ■*
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coo>o
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— COO
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co'pi
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eocoio
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■"J'lOTf
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co<o t~
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co-^r-
— CO
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-co'
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ccc^oi
co6»r^
CO to 00
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S8
ISgg
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ooco o
CO OS-*
§g§
-H »o t^
oc t^ •*
■*COIO
CO O lO
(N
COCO
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coco-*
c^coeo
co->»>eo
— O) 1<
sss
§ss
Si^g
ss
00 in CO
CO-* CO
OS Soo
— coco
CO t^ »o
00 — CO
CO t^ OS
COOC' «
co-<
CO
-Hcoeo
Ncoco'
T)<CO
iraco
coco
lO t>-
t^ l-<
SCO
00
— OS
5 s
S 2
OS —
CO 00
CO —
lO CO
— ■ Co'
CO CO
228
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table No. 2. — Monthly rainfall by sections, Canal Zone — Year 1912 and averages.
[Values in inches.]
Month.
Pacific section.
Central section.
Atlantic section.
1912
Average.
1912
Average.
1912
Average.
0.01
.23
.01
3.52
8.39
7.10
9.81
9.43
11.74
13.80
7.97
4.58
1.30
.97
.66
3.55
9.37
9.32
9.48
8.70
9.08
11.82
10.78
6.33
0.44
MO
.09
1.51
9.45
11.65
11.11
12.45
12.16
14.81
11.03
3.88
1.62
1.69
1.21
3.65
12.29
10.99
11.22
11.89
11.37
13.99
15.54
7.90
0.62
2.02
.58
1.58
13.49
17.34
16.51
12.60
11.05
16.79
22.17
10.61
4.79
2.68
March
2.64
April
4.46
May
14.11
June
15.14
July
16.31
August
15. 42
September
11.86
October
14.34
24. 64
December
15.55
Year
76.58
81.36
89.68
103. 36
125.36
141.94
Note.— Means are based on the records from 5 stations in the Pacific section, 11 in the Central section,
and 4 in the Atlantic section. All available records are used in computing averages.
Table No. 3. — Maximum rainfall in Canal Zone Oct. 1, 1905, to June 30, 1913.
Maximum rainfall.
Stations.
5 minutes.
1 hour.
24 hours.i
Inches.
Date.
Inches.
Date.
Inches.
Date.
Ancon (Oct. 1, 1905)
0.64
Aug. 7,1908
3.98
Oct. 9,1911
7.23
May 12-13,1912.
Balboa (June 10, 1906)
.90
May 12,1912
5.86
June 2, 1906
7.57
Nov. 16-17, 1906.
Pedro Miguel (Jan. 1, 1908).
.60
Nov. 11,1908
3.30
Aug. 27,1908
4.56
Sept. 30-Oct. 1, 1909.
Rio Grande (Dec. 29, 1905).
.75
July 24,1908
3.10
Sept. 21, 1912
6.00
Dec. 2-3, 1906.
Culebra (July 1, 1906)
.64
May 2, 1908
3.69
Oct. 16,1907
5.55
Dec. 3, 1906.2
Empire (July 18, 1906)
.(iO
July 25,1906
3.63
Oct. 1,1909
6.15
Do.
Gamboa (Nov. 18, 1905)...
.59
July 27,1908
3.32
May 11,1911
6. 56
Dec. 2-3, 1906.
Alhajuela (Mar. 31, 1907)..
.60
July 20,1909
3.40
Dec. 28,1909
8.19
Dec. 3, 1906.2
Gatun (Aug. 24, 1907)
.62
Aug. 3, 1912
3.82
May 26,1910
10.48
Do.
Colon (Oct. 1, 1905)
.64
Aug. 25,1909
4.90
Oct. 8, 1909
8.53
Dec. 2-3, 1906.
Porto Bello (May 1, 1908).
8 2.48
Nov. 29, 1911
4.53
Nov. 29, 1911
10.86
Dec. 28-29, 1909.
1 Maximum fall in any 24 consecutive hours.
2 No automatic record on this date; total for 24 hours ending at noon.
' Approximate; automatic record indistinct, due to unusually excessive rate of fall.
Note.— Dates in parentheses opposite station names refer to installation of automatic rainfall registers.
Table No. 4. — Hoicrly distribution of rainfall in Canal Zone, year 1912.
[Values in inches.)
Station.
Total
annual
rainfall.
Rainfall during
working hours, 7
a. m. to 5 p. m.
Amount.
Per cent
of total.
Hourly rainfall.
Maximum.
Hour of
maximum.
Accumu-
lated
amount.
Minimum.
Hour of
minimum.
Accumu-
lated
amount.
Ancon
Balboa
Pedro Miguel
Rio Grande..
Culebra
Gamboa
Alhajuela
Gatun
Colon
Porto Bello. .
71.78
71.89
75.71
75.14
78.99
89.07
83.73
111.8;<
117.59
147.61
45.37
44.34
57.95
53.13
43.45
68.14
(«. 70
48.28
44.26
72.58
2-3 p.m.
2-3 p.m.
2-3 p.m.
2-3 p.m.
2-3 p.m.
3-4 p.m.
2-3 p.m.
3-4 p.m.
5-6 a.m.
2-3 p.m.
10.27
10.69
14.88
15.15
14.51
16.20
15.44
8.50
8.25
12.51
1-2 a.m...
1-2 a.m...
2-3 a.m...
4-5 a. m.,
and 11 p.
m.
11 p.m
10-11 p.m.
1-2 a.m...
9-10 a.m..
8-9 p. m . . .
6-7 p.m...
0.32
.29
.16
.28
.27
.27
.34
2.56
1.91
2.65
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING SECOND DIVISION. 229
Table No. 5. — Monthly vuteorological data — Ancon, Canal Zone, year 1912.
Atmospheric
.
i
2
•a
pressure
Air temperature (degrees Fahrenheit).
3
a .
(inches).
a
OI
OS .
aa
© 9
Month.
1
i
6
1
a
s
'a
ca'
5 .
a 3
1^
C3 p,
'3-.'
M
t»
s
S
0
)S
S
Q
a
S
s
a
a
Januarj-
29.742
29. 838
80.6
93
22
91
68
26
71
23
72
70
82
Februarj-
29. 702
29. 858
81.3
94
19
91
66
1
71
26
72
70-
82
March
29. 749
29. 770
29.844
29. 865
83.0
82.1
96
97
7
7
94
92
69
69
12
2
72
72
24
26
73
74
71
72
April
78
May
29. 732
29. 828
82.0
96
7
90
71
20
74
21
76
75
87
June
29.742
29. 728
29. 837
29. 823
80.8
80.6
94
94
21
27
89
88
70
70
16
14
73
73
23
19
76
75
75
74
90
July
91
August
29. 728
29. 824
80.2
94
31
88
69
7
72
21
75
75
90
September
29. 726
29. 822
79.4
92
9
87
68
24
72
20
75
74
91
October
29. 735
29. 830
79.0
92
5
86
69
29
72
19
75
74
93
November. . .
29.736
29.831
79.0
91
26
86
69
17
74
21
74
74
92
December
29. 722
29. 818
80.8
93
5
90
69
18
72
21
74
73
89
Year
29.739
29.835
80.7
97
<7
89.3
66
51
72.3
26
74.2
73.1
86.8
Precipitation (inches).
Wind.
Number of days.
g
t
1
: Maximum veloc-
g-
§
.h
ity.
m
a
Month.
5^
1?
a
>>
o
■o
c
o
•3
O
o
iz;
.S
3
o
i
Ah
3
o
o
"3
>>
§
>
<
January . .
T.
1.02
0
8,564
7,705
NW
24
NW
3
17
14
I
3.8
6.1
February
0.08
.86
2
NW.
29
NW.
23
3
17
9
0
March
.01
.78
1
8,965
NW.
30
NW.
1
3
26
2
0
5.6
April
2.68
2.76
5
6,390
NW
25
N.
5
g
16
g
5.1
7.7
7.4
7.8
7.3
May
10.71
8.98
14
4,999
NW.
23
NW.
2
0
15
16
14
June
5.80
8.15
13
4,118
NW.
34
S.
15
0
18
12
20
July
10.25
8.16
20
5,176
NW.
24
SE.
14
1
10
20
18
August
6.33
7.53
20
5,024
NW.
24
N.
IS
1
14
16
18
September
8.38
7.46
20
4,451
NW.
31
NK.
23
0
14
16
20
7.6
October
17.89
10.92
23
4,538
NW.
23
S.
28
1
11
19
14
7.5
November
6.38
10.45
22
5,105
NW.
25
NW.
17
2
13
15
5
6.9
December
3.27
4.18
13
5,007
NW.
NW.
20
NW.
S.
16
6
16
9
9
5.8
Year
71.78
71.25
153
70,042
34
8 15
42
184
140
125
6.6
1 Elevation of barometer 92 feet above sea level.
* Average for 14 years' record.
3 Tenths of sky.
* April.
6 February.
'June.
230 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table No. 6. — Monthly meteorological data — Culebra, Canal Zone, year 1912.
Month.
January...
February. .
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October...
November.
December.
Year,
Atmospheric
pressure
(inches).
29.438
29.460
29.442
29.464
29.430
29. 436
29.420
29. 423
29.422
29. 430
29.428
29.414
29. 434
29.851
29.874
29.854
29.874
29.840
29. 848
29.832
29.836
29.834
29. 844
29.842
29.828
29.846
Air temperature (degrees Fahrenheit).
>>
,
So
s
3
H
s
Sd
C3
03
%.i
.s
s
>.
Q
s
s
c
79.0
90
8
87
68
27
79.2
91
10
88
65
2
80.4
92
7
89
68
12
81.4
96
17
91
67
2
81.2
96
5
89
70
20
80.2
91
21
88
70
16
79.8
91
12
86
70
17
79.5
92
8
87
69
12
78.7
90
1
86
67
24
7S.6
90
5
86
68
29
7S. 0
88
22
84
69
17
78.8
88
1
86
67
18
79.6
96
<5
87.2
65
62
ia l«.
72.1
27
73.2
03 &
S ft
88.3
Precipitation (inches).
Wind.
Number of days.
Month.
o
§
1
o
1
.g
03
i
i .
a
O
•a
Mo
Maximum veloc-
ity.
i
§
§
1
•o
a
3
1
'■5
o
■•§
.§
ft
03
<
January
0.05
.33
.02
3.14
8.15
7.57
10.12
12.88
14.12
10.15
7.59
4.87
1.75
.56
.68
3.80
11.16
8.86
9.52
10.58
11.23
11.54
12.30
7.68
2
4
1
4
IS
21
22
19
20
25
24
15
7,697
7,864
8,893
7,059
5,538
3,715
4,962
4.592
3,975
3,505
5,039
5,567
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
28
30
35
30
27
25
36
33
32
21
27
24
NW.
NW.
N.
N.
SW.
SE.
NE.
NE.
NE.
N.
NW.
N.
NE.
31
24
4
25
8
15
30
12
23
7
17
9
17
9
9
6
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
6
14
20
22
21
11
9
13
12
10
9
15
20
0
0
0
3
20
21
18
17
19
22
16
5
0
0
0
2
15
21
14
23
22
22
11
7
3.5
February
March.
4.3
4.1
April
4.9
May
7 4
7 8
July .. .
7.7
August
7 3
September
October
7.5
7 6
November
December
7.4
5.2
Year
78.99
89.66
172
68,406
36
•30
50
176
140
137
6.2
> Elevation of barometer 404 feet above sea level.
2 Average for 22 years' record.
3 Tenths of sky.
«May.
' February.
« July.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING — SECOND DIVISION. 231
Table No. 7. — Monthly vieteorological data — Colon, Republic of Panama, year 1912-
Atmospheric
pressure
(inches).
Air temperature (degrees Fahrenheit).
e
o
a
A .
1
£
D
ia
1
Month.
i
is
a
1
1
a|
is
a
1
.s
1^,
03
'is
is
T3 W fc-
So.
1=
January
29. 802
29.880
29. 870
29. 880
29. 844
29. 849
29. 841
29. 830
29. 829
29. 834
29. 840
29.834
29. 872
29. 892
29. 882
29. 897
29.854
29. 800
29. 852
29. 840
29. 840
29. 840
29.850
29. 845
82.2
80.8
82.4
82.8
82.0
80.2
80.0
80.2
79.4
79.0
78.6
80.4
88
88
88
90
91
89
89
89
89
88
88
87
22
27
29
20
5
9
27
9
17
12
5
20
86
85
87
88
87
84
84
84
84
84
82
84
76
71
76
74
73
73
71
72
71
72
73
73
8
10
11
18
21
16
1
7
25
29
14
17
78
77
78
78
77
76
77
76
75
75
75
76
11
15
11
15
14
15
14
14
15
14
14
12
74
75
75
75
77
77
77
76
76
75
76
70
72
73
73
73
76
76
76
75
75
74
74
74
77
February
March
82
79
April
78
May
85
June
88
July
88
87
September
October
87
88
November
December
89
84
Year
29.850
29.861
80.7
91
<5
84.9
71
5 10
76.5
15
75. 8
74.2
84.3
Precipi
%
o
>>
3
1
tation (inches).
Wind.
Number of days.
Month.
•3
a
o
2;
cS
.a
i
>^
s.-s
a,
B
o
H
al
Maximum veloc-
ity.
1
o
g
'•o
•
®
ft .
i
>>
o
u
CD
>
January
0.28
1.81
0.60
0.75
12.03
15.90
13.13
9.87
12.23
17. C5
21.81
11.47
3.96
1.47
1.67
4.08
12.41
13.35
16.38
15.01
12.53
14.29
21.86
12.31
9
15
11
6
17
24
26
20
22
26
27
21
ID, 772
H),066
12,550
10, 020
7,614
5,165
7,574
6,892
5,473
5,490
7,519
8,992
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
W.
N.
N.
SE.
SE.
W.
NE.
32
32
33
33
26
20
26
29
37
38
34
29
NE.
N.
NE.
NE.
NE.
NE.
NE.
W.
W.
sw.
NW.
NE.
5
8
5
24
18
17
28
19
2
23
17
13
7
5
13
16
2
1
3
1
3
1
0
9
23
21
10
12
17
15
12
18
10
12
10
17
1
3
2
2
12
14
10
12
17
18
20
5
0
0
0
0
12
19
8
21
10
14
10
1
4.9
February
March
5.5
4.4
April
3.7
May
0.6
luiie
7.3
July
7.1
August
6.8
September
October
7.0
7.5
November
December
8.4
5.3
Year
117.59
129. 32
224
98, 727
N.
38
SW.
8 23
61
183
122
101
6.2
1 Elevation of barometer 10 feet above sea level.
2 Average for 42 years' record.
3 Tenths of sky.
<May.
* February.
8 October.
232 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table No. 8. — Corn-par alive ivind records — Ancon and Sosa, fiscal year 1912-lS.
Ancon.
Sosa.
Excess
wind
move-
Month.
Aver-
age
hourly
wind
move-
ment.
Per
cent
NW.
wind.
Maximum velocity.
Aver-
age
hourly
wind
move-
ment.
Per
cent
NW.
wind.
Maximum velocity.
Miles
per
hoiu-.
Direc-
tion.
Day.
Miles
per
hour.
Direc-
tion.
Day.
(per
cent).'
1912.
July
7.0
6.8
6.2
6.1
7.1
6.7
7.3
9.3
10.6
9.7
6.7
5.5
70
55
48
37
47
58
64
68
77
69
63
43
24
24
31
23
25
20
21
26
26
24
20
32
SE.
N.
NE.
S.
NW.
NW.
N.
N.
NW.
N.
N.
S.
S.
14
18
23
28
17
16
29
10
23
2
1
11
10.5
9.9
8.9
7.6
9.7
9.8
10.7
13.3
15.6
13.5
9.4
8.0
(6
71
59
66
88
89
94
98
88
79
61
44
40
39
28
36
27
30
36
36
36
34
48
SE.
NE.
SE.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
NW.
S.
S.
14
23
14
22
17
16
7
17
23
5
1
11
50
August .
46
September
October
November
December
1913.
January
February
March
44
25
37
46
45
44
47
April .
40
May
40
June
45
Year
7.4
58
32
2 11
10.6
80
4S
2 11
43
Sosa records compared with Ancon.
2 June.
Note.— Elevation of Ancon anemometer 69 feet above groimd and approximately 160 feet above mean
sea level. Sosa anemometer 25 feet above ground and approximately 220 feet above mean sea level.
Table No. 9. — Monthly evaporation — Canal Zone, years 1912, 1913, and averages.
[Value in inches.]
Ancon.
Rio Grande.
Gatun.
Brazos Brook.
Month.
1912
1913
Aver-
age.
1912
1913
Aver-
age.
1912
1913
Aver-
age.
1912
1913
Aver-
age.
January
February . .
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November .
December..
7.370
6.755
7.795
5.721
3.746
3.098
3.386
3.648
3.395
3.458
3.723
5.333
5.935
6.439
7.816
6.465
3. 963
3.615
4.889
5.384
6.480
4.813
3.149
2.708
3.018
3.021
3.120
3.314
2.956
4.025
6.363
6.134
77.099
6.732
5.350
3.836
3.908
3.983
3.335
3.763
3.275
4.723
5.392
5.844
6.762
6.436
4. 033
3.812
5.577
5.605
6.832
5.454
4.372
3.388
3.715
3.749
3.719
3.590
3. 010
4. 126
7.208
6.048
7.649
7.394
5.335
3.263
3.889
4.316
3.799
4.123
3.351
4.809
5.435
6.889
8.602
7.333
4.606
5.083
6.322
6. 468
8.126
7.364
4.970
3.031
4.224
4. .362
4. 191
3.866
3.016
5.092
6.066
5.572
7. OSl
7.321
5. 707
3.729
4.425
4.611
4.487
3.970
3.100
4.860
6.387
6.616
8. 455
7.466
4.167
4.500
5.842
5.493
7.140
5.663
4.474
3.492
3.710
3.906
4.140
4.063
2.834
3.790
Year.
Daily mean
57.428
.157
46.877
.128
58. 501
.160
53.137
.146
61.184
.167
.......
61.032
.167
60. 929
.166
54.547
.149
Note.— Averages at Rio Grande and Brazos Brook are based oA four years' record; Ancon five years'
record; and Gatun two years' record.
Evaporation measurements are from floating pans 4 feet in diameter and 10 inches deep at Rio (Jrande,
(iatiui ami lirazos Brook, and insulated tank 10 inches in diameler at Ancon.
For monthly evaporation during past years, see previous amiual reports.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING SECOND DIVISION. 233
Table No. 10. — Sea temperatures, 1912.
[Temperatures of water in degrees Fahrenheit.]
Pacific Ocean (Balboa).
Atlantic Ocean (Colon).
Month
Maxi-
mum.
Date.
Mini-
mum.
Date.
Month-
ly mean.
Maxi-
mum.
Date.
Mini-
mum.
Date.
Month-
ly mean.
January
82
70
74
82
85
86
84
84
83
83
82
S3
1
'0
112
1 22
12
19
15
14
11
15
12
120
72
G7
07
68
73
81
80
81
80
80
79
79
114
120
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 15
11
127
127
18
1
75.5
71.2
70.6
74.4
80.4
83.3
82.0
82.1
81.9
81.8
80.0
81.6
84
83
84
SO
87
87
86
80
,85
85
84
84
26
11
111
1 18
9
7
1 11
18
1 1
1 11
11
14
79
80
78
80
80
SO
80
80
80
80
79
79
16
12
15
16
I 22
30
117
113
18
12
128
1 16
80.9
February
SO. 7
81.1
82.8
83.4
83.7
July
82.7
82.6
82.0
82 2
81.3
December
81.5
86
29
07
(5)
78.8
87
(^)
78
{')
82.1
1 Same temperature recorded on other dates also.
"June.
s Several dates.
< May and June.
s March .
Table No. 11. — Tidal conditions, year 1912.
[Elevations in feet referred to mean sea level.]
PACIFIC COAST (BALBOA).
Month.
Maximum high
water.
Extreme low
water.
Maximum daily
range.i
Minimum daily
range.i
Elevation.
Date.
Elevation.
Date.
Elevation.
Date.
Elevation.
Date.2
January
February
March
April
+ 9.6
+ 9.7
+ 9.4
4- 8.7
+ 8.9
+ 9.0
+ 9.5
+ 10.0
+ 10.2
+ 10.2
+ 8.8
+ 9.2
7
5
5
2"
19
17
17-18
15
13
12
8-9
28
-9.6
-9.8
-9.9
-9.5
-8.7
-8.7
-9.1
-9.4
-9.4
-8.9
-8.4
-8.6
0
4
5
3
1
17
16
14
12
11
9
26
18.9
19.4
19.3
18.1
17.3
17.7
18.5
19.4
19.6
19.0
17.2
17.5
6-7
5
5
2
18
17
16
15
13
11
9
26
7.3
6.0
5.2
5.3
5.9
6.8
7.8
6.4
5.8
5.4
5.6
6.6
14
12
13
11
May
10
June
8
July
10,24
August
September . . .
October
November. . .
December
23
21
20
IS
18
Year...
+ 10.2
(')
-9.9
<5
19.6
M3
5.2
< l.'^
ATLANTIC COAST (COLON).
January
+ 1.34
3
-0.82
5
1.99
0
0.23
30
February
+ 1.26
27
- .73
1
1.71
1
.21
23
March
+ 1.10
1
- .72
26
1.59
25
.21
62
April
+ .87
+ 1.22
+ 1.27
+ 1.30
+ 1.48
21
28
17
12
11
- .89
- .82
- .03
- .00
- .37
23
7
16
14
21
1.66
1.77
1.90
1.82
1.65
21
20
17
13
9
.21
.24
.22
.24
.20
23
Mav
13
June . ...
/
July
6 17
August
31
September . . .
+ 1.37
6
- .44
16
1.59
1
.20
October
+ 1.31
4
- .51
30
1.55
4
.20
14
November. ..
+ 1.34
11
- .67
17
1.67
27
.23
20
December
+ 1.42
26
- .56
7
1.67
26
.24
1
Year...
+ 1.48
Ml
- .89
8 23
L99
96
.20
('")
1 For consecutive tides.
2 One tidal fluctuation is often entirely absent at Colon.
3 Sept. 13 and October 12.
< March.
i Sept<^mber.
« Other dates also.
' August.
"April.
9 January.
10 Several dates
23^
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table No. 12. — Seismograph records, Ancon, Canal Zone {latitude, 8° 51' north: lon-
gitude, 79° 32' west), year ended June SO, 1913.
[lOO-K. Bosh-Omori seismographs. Greenwich mean time, midnight to midnight.]
Date.
1912.
July 7
July?
July 18
July 24
July 27
July 27
Nov. 2
Nov. 7
Nov. 7 ,
Nov. 17
Nov. 19
Nov. 24
Dec. 7
Dec. 9
1913.
Jan. 15
Feb. 23
Mar. 6
Mar. 8 ,
Mar. 9 ,
Mar. 14
Apr. 12
Apr. 20
Apr. 30
May 27
June 14
June 19
June2C ,
Compo-
nent.
/ N-S.
\ E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
N-S.
E-W.
Time of beginning.
Prelimi-
nary
tremors.
8.09
8.11
22.52
Absent.
21.30
(?)
12.03
12.03
(?)
(?)
(?)
(?)
1.18
1.18
16.47
16.47
17.32
17.32
11.34
11.35
14.00
14.00
10.22
10.22
22.54
22.54
8.36
8.36
Second
prelimi-
nary
tremors.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Absent.
Long
waves.
8.32
8.32
22.53
(?)
21.39
21.39
12.08
12.08
11.58
11.58
12.43
12.43
1.19
1.19
16.49
16.48
17.34
17.34
11.37
(?)
14.04
(?)
10.23
10.23
22.59
22.59
8.39
8.40
Time of—
Maxi-
mum.
8.44
8.43
22.53
22.43
21.42
21.41
12.06
12.04
11.58
11.58
12.44
12.44
1.19
1.19
16.50
16.50
17.34
17.34
11.38
11.38
14.10
(?)
10.23
10.23
22.59
23.03
8.41
8.41
End.
9.17
9.09
23.07
(?)
22.00
21.55
12.40
12.38
12.00
12.00
12.52
12.47
1.25
1.23
17.09
17.08
18.00
17.50
11.54
11.45
14.33
(?)
10.24
10.24
23.13
23.11
9.10
9.06
2.57
Absent.
3.00
2.57
Absent.
3.00
1.48
Absent.
1.49
1.48
Absent.
1.49
15.55
Absent.
15.59
15.56
Absent.
15.59
16.02
Absent.
16.03
16.02
Absent.
16.03
9.05
Absent.
9.16
9.05
Absent.
9.16
6.54
Absent.
6.54
6.54
Absent.
6.54
18.01
Absent.
IS. 02
18.01
Absent.
IS. 02
15.18
Absent.
15. 19
15.18
Absent.
15.19
(?)
Absent.
2.26
(?)
Absent.
2.26
8.42
Absent.
8.49
(?)
Absent.
S.50
1.23
Absent.
1.24
1.23
Absent.
1.24
5.21
Absent.
5.38
18.57 19.00 19.41
Record missing, clock stopped.
Maxi-
mum am-
plitude.
2.57
3.15
1.5
3.02
3.08
.2
1.49
1.50
1.5
1.49
1.50
1.0
15.59
16.18
2.5
16.02
16.13
1.0
16.04
16.17
3.0
10. 04
16.12
1.0
9.10
10.30
1.5
9.16
10.14
1.0
0.54
6.56
1.0
6.54
6.55
1.0
18.02
18.11
2.5
18. 02
18.10
2.0
15.19
15.21
2.0
15.19
15.21
2.0
2.44
2.58
5.0
2.42
2.50
1.5
8.50
9.18
.5
8.50
8.53
.1
1.25
1.44
1.5
1.25
1.40
.2
5.39
5.44
1.6
No record on this instrument.
I I
Mm.
1.5
1.0
.6
.2
1.0
.3
11.0
3.0
.2
.2
.4
.2
1.5
.5
3.0
1.0
2.5
1.0
1.0
.1
.8
.1
1.0
1.0
5.0
3.0
1.5
.5
2.0
Approxi-
mate dis-
tance of
epicenter.
Miles.
4,700
(?)
""2,' 666
800
(?)
(?)
'(?)"
575
'575
(?)
"'i,'256
"225
1,500
'"966
550
750
""i26
'""840
"""ieo
"2,176
Local.
" " '256
90
'(?)"■*
"'2," 300
'""356
""3,' 566
Notes. — Period of pendulum, 25 seconds; magnification, 10; damping, medium. The amplitude indi-
cates half of the complete range of maximum motion. Laska's formula used in computing distances in
the case of remote earthquakes (620 miles or more) and Omori's formula for earthquakes less than 620
miles distant.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING — SECOND DIVISION.
235
HYDROLOGY.
The most important change drn-iug the year was the rise in Gatun
Lake. On July 1, 1912, the elevation was +31 being due to storage
following closing of Gatun spillway sluice gates on April 30, 1912,
when lake was +16.5. The level was controlled around +32 by
the sluice gates (east (E), center (C), west (W), and cyUndrical
valve (Cyl.) until August 17, 1912, when all gates were closed, the
eleVation being +32. The following rise continued until Septem-
ber 30, 1912, reaching elevation +48 when the gates were opened.
These fluctuations, as well as those for the balance of the fiscal
year, including the regulations of the sluice gates, are shown in
plates Nos. 110 and 111. From October 20 to December 18 the level
was above +50, causing the water to flow over the temporary crest
of the spiUway dam. The maximum elevation reached was +56.28
on November 29, 1912. This extreme level was caused more by the
formation of a jam, consisting of "floating islands" and driftwood,
in front of the dam than by excessive discharge, although the maxi-
mum flow for the year occurred at the same time. During the six
months of 1913 the level was kept between +48 and +50, as shown by
plate No. 111. The gates were closed on June 27, 1913, at elevation
+ 48.22, beginning the rise to final operating level (mean + 85) . With
a normal flow this will be reached about the middle of December, 1913.
The yield of the Chagres River system at Alhajuela, Gamboa, and
Gatun for the calendar year 1912 was the second in order of dryness
since the American occupation in 1904, Plates Nos. 112, 113, and 114
show mass curves for years 1905, 1908, 1911, 1912, and the mean for
show 23-year period at each station. It will be seen that the year 1905
was the dry est year, although the dry-season flow for 1912 was the
minimum for all stations. These plates give also the percentage of the
23-year mean for each year shown, as summarized in the following
table :
Calendar year.
station.
1905
1908
1911
1912
23-year
mean.
Alhajuela
59.3
58.5
62.0
101.6
104.3
78.3
85.6
79.5
70.2
82.5
77.5
66.9
100
Gamboa
100
Gatun
100
Plates Nos. 115 and 116 show discharge duration curves for Alha-
juela and Gamboa for calendar year 1912 by days, and also by
months, in order of dryness. Plates Nos. 117, 118, and 119 show
discharge duration curves for Alhajuela, Gamboa, and Gatun for 23
years by months.
Accompanying Table No. 13 gives maximum, minimum, and mean
discharges by months for calendar year 1912 at Alhajuela and Gam-
boa, also the monthly run-off into Gatun Lake. Table No. 14 gives
the same data for period January to June, inclusive, 1913, except for
Gamboa, gauging work being discontinued at that station in Decem-
ber, 1912.
236 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
STATION EQUIPMENT AND FIELD WORK.
At AlhaJTiela the work has consisted of 104 current-meter gaugings
on the Chagres River and the keeping of continuous records of river
heights. The gaugings have been made to cover the total fluctuations
of the river, or from 91.2 to 108.4. There has been practically no
change in the cross section of the river at this station, so that the dis-
charge-estimate work has been very satisfactory. The measurements
at this station were checked by 18 sets of gaugings on the upper
Chagres, Pequeni, and La Puente Rivers, near Vigia. In addition to
this work the observer at this station has had charge of gaugings on
the GatunciUo, ChiUbre, and Chilibrillo Rivers, on which streams 49,
51, and 19 measurements, respectively, were made.
Regular gauging work at Gamboa was discontinued at the end
of 1912, although a few measurements were made on extreme low
water and during all freshets of any moment. Eighty-one gaugings
were taken, 70 being made up until the end of December, 1912. Con-
tinuous water elevations were recorded. The backwater from Gatun
Lake was felt appreciably at this station about the 1st of September.
Gauging work was further complicated ^y the filling in of the river
channel alon^ the north bank following the gravel excavation of the
dry season of 1912. Plate No. 120 shows the changes in the cross sec-
tion at the cable gauging station. From June to December, 1912, the
observer at Gamboa made 35 current-meter gaugings on the Obispo
diversion just above the junction with the Chagres. From the 20th
of August to the 8th of September, the flow of the Obispo diversion
was interrupted by a sUde on the east bank of the cut.
Gauge readings were taken twice a day on the Chagres River at
Juan Mina, also crest elevations and time of same were taken on the
larger freshets.
The discharge of the Gatun spillway was regulated by the sluice
gates in the concrete dam, as mentioned above. Ninety-eight
current-meter measurements were made during the year, and these
were combined with the continuous record of elevations at the spill-
way water gauge in obtaining discharge estimates. The discharge
measurements gave some data on the capacity of the sluice-gate
openings, but only for lake elevations around +32 and +49, and
many of these did not agree closely, probably due to conditions
affecting the inflow, that is, submerged driftwood and other obstruc-
tions at entrances. Continuous records of elevation of Gatun Lake
were obtained.
Since Gatun Lake was raised to elevation +48 the automatic
water gauges at Bohio, Frijoles, San Pablo, Gamboa, and Trinidad
have recorded lake levels at the various points. All of these mstru-
ments were in operation throughout the fiscal year except the San
Pablo register, which was installed on October 5, 1912. Table No. 15
gives maximum, minimum, and mean elevations, by months, from
January, 1912, to June, 1913, for all stations on Gatun Lake drainage
basin.
Gaugings were made on the following streams tributary to Gatun
Lake below Gamboa: Trinidad (35), Siri Grande (31), Siricito (10),
Gatun (12), Cano (11), Azules (2), Mandingo (12), Agua Salud (13),
Frijoles (13), Frijoles Grande (1), and Friiol (10). Most of this
work was done by the field hydrographer. The observers stationed
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING SECOND DIVISION. 237
at Triiiidad took weekly g^ugings on the Trinidad, Siri, and Siricito
until the end of 1912. Table No. 16 gives the water supplied to
Gatun Lake by the various tributaries for the months of 1912. This
table also attempts to balance the inflow and outflow by the following
formula :
Inflow:
Discharge of streams.
Rainfall on lake surface.
Ground water, included in "Inflow
not accounted for."
Storage decrease.
Outflow:
Discharge of spillway.
Evaporation loss.
Seepage, included in "Inflow not
accounted for."
Storage increase.
A study of this table would seem to indicate that the Gatun Lake
basin is subject to very little seepage or other underground losses,
Gaugings were taken on the streams tributary to Miraflores Lake
basin as follows: Pedro Miguel (26), Caimitillo (18), Camaron (19),
Cocoli (12), and Rio Grande (1).
Daily gauge readings were taken throughout the fiscal year on the
foUowmg streams mentioned below: Agua Salud, Frijolito, Frijol,
Pedro Miguel, Caimitillo, Camaron, and Rio Grande. Maximum
gauges were observed on the following streams when visited for
daily gauge readings or on gau^ig work, viz: Chihbre, Agua Salud,
Frijohto, Frijol, Obispo diversion, Mandingo, Pedro Miguel, CocoH,
and Gatun River. From these readings monthly discharges were
estimated as well as maximum flow on freshets.
FRESHETS.
Vigia, Alhajuela, and Gamboa have been used as warning stations
during freshet stages of the river. During the river year ended
April 30, 1913, there were 17 freshets which had a rise of more than
5 feet at Vigia. The rise in Gatun Lake checked the force of freshet
rises at Gamboa. Up untd September the average ratio between
Gamboa and Vigia rise was 0.73 for 12 freshets, the maximum being
0.82 and the minimum 0.60. For the balance of the river year the
average ratio was 0.28 for 5 freshets, the maximum being 0.46 just
after the lake had reached elevation +50, and the minimum was
0.14 with the lake at elevation +55. This ratio varies with the
rise at Vigia and the elevation of the lake. Special formulae and
curves were used in prediction work for elevations at Gamboa and
Gatun. Table No. 17 gives summary of principal freshets for 1912,
including maximum momentary discharge at Alhajuela and Gamboa,
also 24-hour maximum flow into Gatun Lake. The largest freshet
since Decernber, 1910, occurred on November 28 and 29, 1912, and
is included in above-mentioned table. Table No. 18 gives complete
data on slopes of the Chagres River during various stages of this
flood. Plate No. 121 shows the profiles of water surface for freshets
of December, 1909, December, 1910, and November, 1912, also low
water 1909 and April, 1912, and bottom of river in 1909. This
diagram shows clearly the effect of the Gatun Lake in checking
these floods. It will also be noticed that the river bottom has been
lowered at Gamboa since 1909, due to excavation work and increased
velocity due to greater slope.
238
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
SPECIAL WORK.
Studies were continued on the relation between rainfall and run-off
for Gatun Lake watershed, Miraflores Lake watershed, and Eio
Grande reservoir watershed, Plate No. 1 22 shows rainfall, run-off, and
percentage run-off for Gatun Lake basin for river year 1912-13 by
months and accumulated for the year. The following summary
gives the percentage run-off at Alhajuela and Gatun for river years
1911-12 and 1912-13, and calendar years 1911 and 1912:
Table showing percentage of run-off at Alhajuela and Gatun.
ALHAJUELA.
Calendar
year.
Rainfall.
Run-off.
Percentage
run-ofl.
River year.
RainfaU.
Run-off.
Percentage
nm-off.
1911
1912
Inches.
119.51
109.87
Inches.
69.65
67.04
58.2
61.0
1911-12
1912-13
Inches.
109.70
113.41
Inches.
58.08
72.66
53.0
64.1
GATUN.
Calen-
dar
Raiu-
faU.
Run-off, inches.
Percentage
nin-off.
River
year.
Rain-
fall.
Ruii-off,inches.
Percentage
run-ofl.
year.
Net.
Total.
Net.
Total.
Net.
Total.
Net.
Total.
1911....
1912....
Inches.
98.41
102.83
53.67
51.16
54.08
53.17
54.5
49.7
54.9
51.6
1911-12..
1912-13..
Inches.
93.17
106.09
47.84
52.80
48.73
56.35
51.4
49.8
52.3
53.1
Investigation of the currents in Colon Harbor was made by this
section during January and February, 1913, and was continued during
June, 1913, the work being in progress at this writing. The general
scheme followed was to trace the courses taken hj floats placed in
the water at various points in Limon Bay. A few timber floats were
tried at first, but double floats made of copper were used for most of
the work. These consisted of two parts connected by a hght chain
or wire so that the distance between the surface and the submerged
float could be varied to suit depth of water, sea, and weather condi-
tions at time of observations. The surface float consisted of a
cylindrical air-tight copper can 6 inches in diameter and 20 inches
long, having a socket on one end for holding a small mast. The sub-
merged float was made up of two sheet-copper \Yings, 6 by 48 inches,
set one below the other at right angles, in a suitable wooden center
post. The surface floats, i. e., submerged float within 8 inches of
surface, indicated in general surface currents in the direction of the
prevailing winds, while the deeper floats showed underciirrents in
the direction of the heavy sea swells when the latter prevailed. ^ The
stage of the tide seems to have very little effect on the direction of
the currents except in shallow areas along the shores and at times in
the shallow sections of the old French canal. The combination of
these various forces produces a rather indefinite surging of the waters
in the bay and channels, being more violent in time of heavy sweUs,
which stir up the fine silt on the bottom. This material tends to
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERINC
-SECOND DIVISION.
239
settle in the deeper areas, especially the channels and slips between
the piers, on account of the quieter condition of the deep waters.
Special observations were taken on the current in the canal channel
at Gamboa, Juan Grande, and Mamei during rises on the Chagres
River of large moment. The maximum velocities recorded were 7.33,
3.05 and 2.05 miles per hour, respectively, during the freshet of
November 29, 1912, with the lake elevation +56.
The following diagrams and tables accompany this report:
Plates :
110. Gatun Lake hydrograph June-December, 1912.
111. Gatun Lake hydrograph January-June, 1913.
Mass run-off curves, Alhajuela, 1912.
Mass run-off curves, Gamboa, 1912.
Mass run-off curves, Gatun, 1912.
Discharge duration curve, Alhajuela, 1912.
Discharge duration curve, Gamboa, 1912,
Discharge duration curve, Alhajuela, 23-year period.
Discharge duration curve, Gamboa, 23-year period.
Discharge duration curve, Gatun, 23-year period.
Cross sections, Chagres River at Gamboa.
121. Profiles of Chagres River, low water and freshets.
122. Cui-ves shovmig rainfall, run-off, and percentage run-off for
Gatun Lake watershed for river year 1912-13.
Tables:
13. Monthly discharge of Chagres River, 1912, at Alhajuela,
Gamboa, and Gatun.
Monthly discharge at Alhajuela and monthly yield at Gatun
from January to June, 1913.
Maximum, minimum, and mean elevations, by months, at all
stations from January, 1912, to June, 1913.
16. Gatun Lake water supply, by months, for 1912.
17. Principal freshets for 1912.
18. Data on slopes of Chagres during freshet of November 28-29,
1912.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
14.
15.
Table No. 13. — Monthly discharge — Chagres River.
ALHAJUELA.
[Drainage area=427 square miles.]
Month.
Discharge in second-feet.
Maximum.
Minimum.
Mean.
Per square
mUe.
Run-off
(depth in
inches on
watershed).
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
The year
968
1,360
500
2,530
25,300
11,890
31,500
14,320
19, 920
9,850
54,000
9,560
560
400
320
250
275
970
1,170
1,335
1,730
1,730
2,163
2,093
54,000
250
734
516
382
371
1,682
1,857
2,592
2,580
2,853
3,040
5,541
3,058
1.72
1.21
.89
.87
3.94
4.35
6.07
6.04
6.68
7.12
12.98
7.16
1.983
1.305
1.031
.970
4.542
4.853
6.998
6.963
7.453
8.209
14.482
8.255
2,100
4.92
67.044
240 KEPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table No. 13. — Monthly discharge— Chagres River — Continued.
GAMBOA.
[Drainage area=559 square miles.]
1,020
1,400
470
1,940
22,900
11,600
30,940
15, 400
18, 180
9,400
51,300
7,900
600
400
320
250
260
1,145
1,290
1,490
2,040
2,050
2,748
2,265
801
542
366
372
1,777
2,161
3,131
3,190
3,594
4,249
6,934
3,309
1.45
.97
.66
.67
3.18
3.87
5.60
5.71
6.43
7.60
12.40
5.92
1.672
1.045
.755
April
.743
May
3.666
June
4.319
July
6.456
6.583
September
7.174
8.762
13.935
6.825
51,300
250
2,536
4.54
61.834
GATUN LAKE.
[Drainage area=l,320 square miles.]
1.
Month.
2_
Mean
elevation
(feet above
mean sea
level).
3.
Area
for mean
elevation.
4.
Spillway
discharge.
5.
Storage
(+ increase;
—decrease).
6.
Evapo-
ration
from
lake
surface.
7.
Run-off
net yield
(4+5).
8.
Total
yield
(4+5+6).
January
14.38
14.42
17.07
17.08
19.33
27.48
31.40
33.86
43.64
49.73
55.51
50.93
Sq. miles.
20.0
20.1
24.2
24.2
28.2
44.6
52.8
57.6
77.8
90.0
101.9
92.3
Sec-feet.
1,351
310
000
722
000
1,347
4,945
2,260
61
4,235
12,181
12,840
Sec-feet.
- 106
+ 615
+ 482
- 366
+2,692
+ 2,999
+ 426
+ 4,420
+ 7,561
+5,955
+ 1,886
-7,505
Sec-feet.
126
113
161
161
130
131
177
216
266
330
306
386
Sec-feet.
1,245
925
482
356
2,692
4,346
5,371
6,700
7,622
10,190
14,067
5,335
Sec-feet.
1,371
1,038
643
517
2,822
June
4,477
July
5,548
6,916
September
7,888
October
10,520
14,373
5,721
The year
31.24
52.23
3,356
+ 1,589
208
4,945
5,153
Table No. 14. — Monthly yield at Alhajuela and Gatun, January to June, 1913: 1912.
CHAGRES RIVER AT ALHAJUELA.
[Drainage area, 427 square miles.]
Month.
Year 1913.
1912
Maximum.
Minimum.
Mean.
Mean.
January
Sec.-ft.
5,260
2,770
1,980
950
26,300
9, 120
Sec.-ft.
1,270
745
.535
380
520
1,070
See.-ft.
1,795
1,177
695
501
2,051
1,995
Sec.-ft.
734
February
516
382
371
Mav . .
1,682
June
1,857
26,300
380
1,369
924
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING SECOND DIVISION.
241
Table No. 14. — Monthly yield at Alhajuela and Gatun, January to June, 1913:
J9J^— Continued.
GATUN LAKE WATERSHED.
[Drainage area, 1,320 square miles.]
1
2
Mean
elevation.
3
Area for
mean
elevation.
4
Spillway
discharge.
5
Storage
(+ increase,
— decrease).
li
Evapora-
tion from
lake sur-
face.
Yield of watershed.
9
Total.
Montli.
7
Net, 4+5.
8
Total,
4+5+6.
yield of
water-
shed for
1912.
January
February. .
March
April
May
June
Feet.
48.22
48.34
48.25
48.77
49.06
48.61
Sq. miles.
87.1
87.3
87.2
87.8
88.5
87.7
Sec.-fcet.
2,542
1,827
1 17
> 15
5, 630
4,823
Sec-feet.
+ 41
-529
+ 661
+ 5.52
-638
+289
Sec-feel.
417
580
651
580
355
355
Sec-feet.
2, 583
1,298
578
567
4,992
5,112
Sec.-fcet.
3,000
1,878
1,329
1,147
5, 347
5,407
Sec.-fcet.
1,371
1,038
643
517
2,822
4,477
6 months.
48.54
87.6
2,476
+ 62
490
2, .538
3,028
1,811
> Sluice gate leakage, gates closed.
Table No. 15. — Monthly maximum, minimum, and mean elevations for 1912 and to
June. 1913.
Gatun.
Bohio.
Frijoles
San Pablo.
Month.
Maxi-
mum.
Mini-
mum.
Mean.
Maxi-
mum.
Mini-
mum.
Mean.
Maxi-
mum.
Mini-
mum.
Mean.
Maxi-
mum.
Mini-
mum.
Mean.
1912.
January
15.48
16.05
17.84
17.90
24.68
30.80
32.85
38.69
48.00
54.27
56.28
56.02
13. 50
13.10
16.05
16.46
16.55
24.68
30.41
31.58
38.69
47.75
54.27
48.23
14.38
14.42
17.07
17.08
19.33
27.48
31.40
33.86
43.64
49.73
55.51
50.93
15.50
16.05
17.95
18.00
24.70
30.75
32.75
38.69
47.99
54.23
56.26
55.96
13.50
13.10
16.05
16.55
16.65
24.70
30.40
31.60
38.69
47.74
54.23
48.19
14.45
14.44
17.17
17.16
19.43
27.46
31.36
33. 82
43.65
49.67
55.46
50.85
February
March
April
i7.8i
24.67
30.80
33.88
38.67
48.00
54.40
56.48
56.05
16.55
16.60
24.67
30.29
31.54
38.67
47.74
54.40
48.29
1 16. 98
19.46
27.48
31.42
33.87
43.71
49.75
55.57
50.98
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
54.48
57.02
56.07
47.78
54. 48
48.26
50.01
55.58
50.96
Year
56.28
48.73
48.69
48.55
49.14
49.55
49.46
13.10
47.84
47.78
47.80
48.51
48.43
48.11
31.24
48.22
48.34
48.25
48.77
49.06
48.61
56.26
48.68
48.63
48.49
49.11
49.50
49.38
13.10
47.78
47.76
47.78
4S.49
48.38
48.09
31.24
48.18
48.29
48.20
48.72
49.01
48.56
1913.
January
February
March
April. . . .
48.77
48.73
48.59
49.20
49.69
49.50
47.88
47.82
47.84
48.59
48.48
48.17
48.26
48.36
48.29
48.81
49.11
48.65
48.79
48.71
48.57
49.20
49.56
49.43
47.84
47.82
47.82
48.55
48. 48
48.14
48.23
48.34
48.26
48 78
May
49 21
June
48 63
11834 °^13 16
242
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION".
Table No. 15. — Monthly maximum,, viinimum, and m,eo.n elevations for 1912 and to June,
JS»i5— Continued.
Month.
1912.
January
February. .
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November -
Deoomber. .
Year.
1913.
January. . .
February.
March
April
May
Jiuie
Trinidad.
Maxi-
mum.
16.20
16.45
18.20
18.30
25.05
31.00
33.10
38.90
48. 25
54.55
56. 55
56.30
56. 55
48. 95
48. 95
48. 81
49.40
49. 82
49.70
Mini-
mum.
14.30
13.85
16.45
16.90
16.90
25.08
30.70
31.90
38. 90
48.00
54.55
48.50
13.85
48.10
4.8.00
4S.00
48.81
48.70
48. 39
Mean.
Gamboa.
Maxi-
mum.
15.27
15.03
17.47
17.49
19.73
27. 78
31.67
34.10
43.91
49.98
55.77
51.20
31.62
48. 47
48.58
48.51
49.04
49.32
48.87
43.95
44.30
43. 00
44.60
52.80
49.40
55. 35
50.70
51.70
55. 30
61.75
56. 40
61.75
49.18
48.72
48.60
49.25
53.65
50.34
Mini-
Mean.
43.20
42. 85
42. 60!
42.05|
42. 10
43. 25
43.45
43. 70,
44.30
47.85
54.70
48.28
42.05
47.91
47. 78
47.80
4S.51
48.52
48.24
43.54
43.14
42. 74
42.40
43. 89
44.38
44.92
45.19
46.21
50.04
55.90
51.03
Alhajuela.
Ma.xi-
mum.
92.16
92.58
91.50
93.52
101.0
97.50
102.9
98. 35
99.80
96.82
108. 4
90. 70
46.12
48. 30
48.33
48.24
48.74
49.25
48.74
108. 4
94. 98
93.56
93.00
92.05
101.8
96.60
Mini-
mum.
91.60
91.35
91.14
91. 00
91.05
92.10
92.30
92.46
92.80
92. SO
93.14
93.09
91.00
92
92.85
91.44
91.20
91.48
92.20
Mean.
91.86
91.51
91.26
91.22
92.52
92.86
93.28
93.39
93.55
93. 68
94.77
93.73
92.80
92.84
92.29
91.66
91.43
92.94
92.82
Vigia.
Ma-xi-
mum.
125. 70
126. 20
125. 10
127. 05
138.00
132. 80
140. 95
134. 20
136.00
132. 00
150.00
131.95
150. 00
129. 55
127. 50
126. 70
125.80
V.ixK m
132. 10
Mini-
mum.
125. 20
125.00
124. 75
124. 60
124. 65
125. 60
125. 75
126. 00
126. 30
126. 30
126. 90
126. 80
Mean.
124. 60
126. 15
125. 70
125. 45
125. 3(1
125. 45
125.65
125. 46
125. 16
124. 88
124. 79
126. 18
126. 33
126. 95
127. 08
127. 34
127.51
128. 96
127. 61
126. 52
126. 61
126. 05
125. 62
125. 44
126. 77
126. 41
1 5-30 inclusive.
Table No. 16. — Gatnn Lake water supply. 1912.
[Values in second-feet. Watershed area, 1,320 square miles.]
Month.
Cha-
gres at
Gam-
boa.
Siri
River.
Trini-
dad
River.
Gatun
River.
Cano
River.
Man-
dtngo
River.
Agua
Salud.
Frijo-
lito
River.
Fri-
joles
Grande.
118
142
62
4.6
15
11.5
0.9
70
100
35
1.4
8
/
.3
44
62
16
1
5
a
.3
30.9
37.2
9.1
.2
2.3
3
. 2
59
128
41
2
5.4
4.3
1.1
108
216
74
10
16.3
12.3
2
106
286
94
19
32
19
340
400
225
22
37
16
244
393
255
50
51
28
'(')
595
650
380
75
66
38
675
950
500
75
104
100
380
533
250
20
38
20
Fri-
jol
River.
January...
February.
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October. . .
November.
December.
801
542
366
372
1,777
2,161
3,131
3,190
3,594
4,249
6,934
3,309
182
96
57
55.5
122
336
269
640
788
867
985
525
.8
3.2
18.4
29
36
56
76
134
31
Month.
January . . .
February. .
March
April
May
Juno
July
August
September
October...
November.
December.
Rain-
fall
on lake.
26
43
8
53.
275
535
515
517
726
1,405
1,6.38
529
Inflow
not ac-
coimted
for.
129.8
77
404
988
1,045
1,493
1,703
2,119
2,278
86
Storage
de-
crease.
366.4
Total.
1,481
1,038
643
931.
2,822
4,477
5, 548
6,016
7.888
10,520
14,373
13,226
Dis-
charge
ofspUl-
wav.
1,351
310
722
1,347
4,945
2,280
61
4,235
12,181
12,840
Evapo-
ration.
126
113
161
160.8
130
131
177
216
266
330
306
386
Storage
in-
crease.
615
482
2,692
2,999
426
4,420
7,. 561
5,9.')5
1,886
Out-
flow
not ac-
counted
for.
48.4
Total.
1,481
1,038
643
931.2
2,822
4,477
5,548
6,916
7,888
10,520
14,373
13,226
Gauging work discontinued.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING— SECOND DIVISION.
Table No. 17. — Principal freshets of year 1912.
243
Vigia.
Alhajuela.
Date of beRinning.
Elevation
of crest.
Rise.
Elevation
of crest.
Rise.
Hours after
Vigia.
Maximum
discharge.
May 21
138.0
141.0
159.8
150.0
141.8
Feet.
12.1
14.6
8.6
19.6
7.4
101.0
102.9
102.4
108.4
103.7
Feet.
8.6
9.7
5.9
12.3
4.8
li
Cubic feet
per second.
25, 300
Julv 2
31,500
Nov. 27
28,500
Nov. 28
54, 000
Nov. 29
33,500
Date of beginning.
May 21 .
July 2..
Nov. 27
Nov. 28
Nov. 29
Gamboa.
Elevation
of crest. 1
53.6
56.2
58.4
62.4
59.6
Rise.
Feet.
10.9
2.2
6.4
1.0
Hours after
Vigia.
Per cent of
Vigia rise.
Per cent of
Alhajuela
102
112
37
52
21
Maximum
discharge.
Cubic feet
per second.
22,900
30,940
27,500
51,300
29,800
Date.
Gatun Lake.
Elevation
24 hours
after Gam-
boa crest.
Rise.
Maximum
rise in 24
hours.
Maximum
storage in
24 hours.
Maximum
discharge
in 24 hours.
Yield of
watershed
in 24 hours.
May 21 i 20. 88
July2 32.85
Nov. 27 1 55.46
Nov. 28 1 56.28
Nov. 29 1 56.17
(^)
0.94
1.02
.14
.65
Feet.
1.02
1.29
.37
.84
Second-feet.
10,400
22,200
12, 150
27,800
Second-feet.
(2)
(2)
17,350
23,000
24, 500
Second-feet.
10,400
22,200
29,500
50,800
24,500
• At Fluviograph. 2 Spillway closed. - Stationary.
Table No. 18. — Data on slopes of Chagres River during freshet period of Nov. 28-29, 1912.
MUes
from
Gatun.
Elevation at various stations when crest was at—
Maxi-
mum
eleva-
tion.
Station.
Low
water.
Vigia,
12.30
p. m.
Alha-
juela,
1.30
p. m.
Gam-
boa,
9 p. m.
San
Pablo,
Up. m.
Fri-
joles,
1 a. ra.
Bohio,
4 p. m.
Gatun,
9 p. m.
Vigia
45.75
40.0
38.5
34.0
27.75
20.25
12.10
10.0
0.0
125.0
150.0
149.4
136.1
134.55
1135.8
1133.0
1132.05
150 0
Cjfia Larga
118.4
Alhajuela
91.0
107.5
108.4
101.3
99.6
98.9
197.75
197.0
108 4
.Tnan Mir) ft
81.0
Gamboa (Fluv)
San Pablo
44.0
"'io.o'
57.7
55.7
55.64
55.37
55.38
58.3
55.85
55.67
55.43
55.4
62.45
56.96
56.15
55.76
55.67
61.8
57.02
56.30
55.89
55.77
60.5
56.93
56.33
55.96
55.87
157.9
156.63
1 56. 45
56.27
56.25
157.2
■56.43
1 56. 36
56.25
56.28
62.45
57 02
Frijoles
56.33
Bohio
56.27
Gatiin
56 28
1 Above normal on account of another freshet; crest at Vigia, 141.8, 5 a. m., 29th.
244 eeport isthmian canal commission.
Section of General Surveys.
Assistant Engineer O. E. Malsbury has been in immediate charge
of the work mider this section since August 1, 1912. From July 1,
1912, to August 1, 1912, Junior Engineer R. C. Jones was in charge
of the general survey work, and Junior Engineer O. E. Malsbury m
charge of the field work and special surveys for the land department
of the Panama Railroad. The following are the principal items of
work performed during the year:
Three hundred and thirty lots were staked out.
Surveys were made of the Miraflores Lake watershed, which in-
cluded the watersheds of the Cocoli and Caimitillo Rivers; Corozal
Hospital farm; Darien radio station reservation for the Navy Depart-
ment; Chagres River from Gamboa to the Zone boundary line to locate
gravel banks; and the area in the vicinity of Mount Hope which is
proposed for oil storage.
Work performed for the Joint Land Commission includes surveys
in connection with the following estates: Alba, Guanabano, Las
Cascadas Plantation Co., La Isceca and General Aispuru, Mata
Redonda, Palenquillo y Frijol Grande (Linczer-Smith) , Bosque, Juan
Grande, Cardenas and Lo De Caceras, Juan Diaz Caballero, San Jose,
and Guayaval.
Numerous surveys have been made for the department of law.
All necessary maps in connection with the surveys have been made.
The boundary line between the city of Panama and the Canal Zone
has been run out and monuments located, correcting slight errors
found therein.
Sixteen primary and 18 secondary stations on the Isthmus have
been repaired and cleared. Canvas banners were placed on the sta-
tions, and new targets provided. Ninety-five acres of land were
cleared in connection with this work.
An error of 100 meters was found in the recorded distance between
triangulation stations Gamboa and Obispo; the recorded distance was
1,093.34; the correct distance is 1,193.34.
Precise level bench marks were reset as foUows: No. 5 at Mindi,
No. 41 at Miraflores, No. 41A at Miraflores, and No. 35 at Lirio.
Numerous other surveys and miscellaneous work was carried out
and completed.
During the year the miles of line run by this section requiring
clearing, and not including check line are as follows:
Miles.
Stadia traverse 210. 8
Stadia side shots 186. 1
Transit and chain 30. 0
Transit, chain and Y-level 10. 8
Hand level 8.8
Total 446. 5
Mechanical Work.
The details of the conduct of mechanical work performed in the
mechanical division, and elsewhere on the Isthmus, by the commis-
sion and the Panama Railroad Co., are covered by report of Lieut.
Col. T. C. Dickson, Ordnance Department, United States Army,
which is attached hereto as Appendix G.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGTNEEETNC SECOND DIVISION.
245
The efforts to reduce the cost of repair work have continued. The
total cost of repairs per service day duriiif]; the year, compared with
the previous year, is given in the following table:
Fiscal year 1912.
Fiscal year 1913.
Item of equipment.
Ser\'ice
days.
Total ex-
pense.
Average
cost per
.service
day.
Ser^'ice
days.
Total ex-
pense.
Average
cost per
service
day.
65,305
20, 303
3,375
2,517
1,592
7,093
1,902
3,124
$559,766.23
465, 883. 49
48, 773. 98
35,846.37
4.415.11
53, 822. 23
16,082.02
7,678.98
$8.57
22.95
14.45
14.24
2.77
7.59
8.46
2.46
72, 159
20,235
3,421
2, 939
1,536
7,031
1,049
2,839
$593,362.27
551, 458. 13
43,348.49
36, 451. 54
4, 729. 11
42.909.67
18, 125. 19
14, 188. 08
$8.22
27.25
Unloaders
12.67
Spreaders
12.40
3.08
6 10
Pile drivers
17.28
4 99
Car repairs, 1912, $807,782.29, or $C
Car repairs, 1913, $896,109.37, or $(
.748 per ca
).848 per ca
r per working day.
r per working day.
The total cost of repairs to equipment and the cost per cubic yard
during the past year as compared with the previous year are given
in the following table:
Item of work.
Excavation
Dry....
Wet....
Concrete . . .
Sand
Stone
Fill:
Dry....
Wet....
Fiscal year 1912.
Amount of
work ac-
complished
in cubic
yards.
19, 459, 071
10,539,628
1,443,570
749, 491
1,279,692
3,354.787
3, 199, 127
Total cost of
repaii's.
, 603, 513, 19
720, 533. 24
252, 268. 92
140, 250. 91
251,654.71
145,231.16
125, 630. 82
Cost per
cubic
yard.
,0824
.0684
. 1748
. 1871
.1967
.0433
. 0393
Fiscal year 1913.
Amount of
work ac-
complished
in cubic
yards.
16, 890, 819
13,119,816
760, 664
489, 509
872, 063
5, 163, 425
214,718
Total cost of
repairs.
■SI. 777, 836. 10
818,372.58
136, 328. 85
83,037.17
235, 840, 53
263,064,96
815.85
Cost per
cubic
yard.
$0. 1053
.0624
.1792
.1696
.2704
.0509
.0038
The average cost of dry excavation in the central division and of
wet excavation in the Atlantic and Pacific divisions, for all work
accomphshed to June 30, 1913, is as follows:
Item of work.
Cost per cubic yard.
Division.
Work.
Plant.
General
expenses.
Total.
Central
$0. 6159
.1645
.1763
$0.0952
.0580
.0759
$0.0718
.0211
.0212
$0. 7829
2436
Atlantic
Wet excavation
Pacific
....do
2734
246
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
The average cost of concrete laid in the Atlantic and Pacific di-
visions to June 30, 1913, is as follows:
Cost per cubic yard.
Division.
Work.
Plant.
General
expenses.
Total.
Atlantic
$6.0905
4. 6507
$0. 6607
.5725
$0.3189
.3404
$7. 0701
Pacific
5.5636
The cost of repairs to the marine equipment of the Isthmian Canal
Commission and the Panama Railroad Co. during the fiscal year is
shown in the following table :
Item of equipment.
Quantities
excavated.
Total cost
of repairs.
Cost per
cubic yard.
Cost per
month per
unit.
ATLANTIC DIVISION.
Seagoing suction dredges:
Cubic yards.
2, 664, 850
862,588.39
$0. 0235
55, 215. 70
Dipper dredges:
2. Mindi
333,539
443, 843
47, 592. 20
33, 430. 24
.1427
.0753
3,966.02
2, 785. 85
Total
777,382
81,022.44
.1042
3,375.93
Ladder dredges:
4. No. 1
356,969
271,991
11,230.05
17,403.77
.0315
.0640
935. 84
5. No. 5 .•
1,450.31
Total
628, 960
28, 633. 82
.0455
1,193.07
Tugs:
6. Bohio. ...
13,048.44
7,595.95
9,207.35
22, 623. 04
13,414.54
799.87
1,087.37
7. Gatun.
632.99
767. 28
9. Porto Belio
*
1,885.26
1, 117. 88
66.65
Total
66,689.19
926. 24
PACIFIC DmsiON.
Seagoing suction dredges:
12. Culebra
1,793,488
248, 080
69,106.41
35,016.28
.a385
.1411
5, 758. 87
Dipper dredges:
13. Cardenas
2,918.02
Ladder dredges:
326, 408
1,121,196
122,615
445, 658
1,340,514
20,968.99
23,531.25
22,397.58
21,778.86
75,048.00
.0642
.0210
. 1826
.0489
.0560
1,747.42
15. Badger
1,960.94
16. Mole . .
1,866.46
17. Gopher '
1,814.90
6,254.00
Total
3,356,391
163,724.68
.0488
2, 728. 74
Tugs:
19. Cocoli
21,461.35
5, 229. 69
5,921.12
10,766.11
20, 137. 17
4,676.38
1,788.45
20. Chame
435. 81
493. 43
22. La Boca
897. 18
23. Reliance
1,678.10
24. Bolivar 2. . .
Total.
68, 190. 82
'1,058.59
1 Engaged in dredging sand at Chame.
2 This tug was transferred l)y the Panama Railroad on June 24, 1913.
in preparing tug for the service of the commission.
3 Does not include repairs to tug Bolivar.
The^e expenses were incurred
constructio^r and exgineeeing — second division. '247
Traveling Engineer.
Mr. James G. Craig has continued as senior traveling engineer, and
since the resignation of Mr. Don E. Irwin, junior traveUng engineer,
July 8, 1912, he has assumed the duties of the latter in addition to
those of his own position. The average number of engines ricklen
per day has been 14; the average number of inspections has been 18.
The number of Isthmian Canal Commission locomotives put
through Gorgona shops for general repairs was 48; Panama Raih'oad,
10; making a total ol 58. Shopped lor renewal of defective flues and
broken stay bolts. Isthmian Canal Commission, 53 ; Panama Railroad,
1 in Gorgona and 12 in Cristobal shops; making a total of 66 locomo-
tives receiving repairs of this nature. During the year 4,401 broken
stay bolts and 16,807 flues were renewed in various locomotives.
The stay bolts have reached a period when renewals will necessarily
be very rapid, for the original ones have more than performed their
duty. One hundred and fifteen investigations into accidents in
wliich the equipment of the Isthmian Canal Commission and the
Panama Raili'oad was concerned, were attended and reports and
recommendations were made thereon.
The Panama Railroad has in main-hne service 15 oil-burning loco-
motives and 1 burning coal. These locomotives are in excellent
condition in every particular. Only two engine failures ar^ charge-
able against tliis power during the fiscal year. During the year 66
hostlers passed a satisfactory examination and were promoted to
locomotive engineers. Forty-three Isthmian Canal Commission and
14 Panama Railroad locomotives were shopped at various times on
account of casualties received in service.
Inspection of Lubricants and Equipment.
Mr. J. E. Johnson has performed the duties of inspector of lubri-
cants and equipment during the year. During the year all lubricants
have been obtained under amiual contract and lubrication has been
generally satisfactory. Comparative cost statement of lubricants
and oils used by the Isthmian Canal Commission and the Panama
Railroad Co. is given in the following table:
Lubricating . .
Miscellaneous
Illuminating.
Gasoline
Isthmian
Canal
Commis-
sion,
1908-9
862,014.25
5,304.00
14,804.50
18,380.00
Isthmian Canal Commission and Panama
Railroad.
1909-10
$88,916.03
7,511.62
24,387.02
16, 750. 00
Total 100,502.75 137,564.07 80,641.04 75,906.37 73,273.83
1910-11
$46,884.29
549. 12
26,f,07.63
6, 600. 00
1911-12
843,027.81
515.20
20,760.03
9,903.33
1912-13
$37, 150. 13
1,398.50
20, 59 J. 79
14,125.48
1912-13 shows a reduction of 3.59 per cent over 1911-12.
248
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
The consumption of lubricants, etc., during the past fiscal year
and the cost of same has been as folio vvs :
Isthmian Canal Com-
mission and Panama
Railroad.
Consump
tion,
1912-13
gallons
and
pounds).
Total cost,
1912-13.
Oils and greases:
Valve
Air cylinder
Marine engine
Stationary
Locomotive engine.
Turbine engine
Gas engine
Car
Nonliquid
Cup grease
Gear grease
Cable oil
Cable grease
Total.
Miscellaneous, krd.
Uluminating:
Signal
Mineral seal
Kerosene
Total
Gasoline
Grand total .
73,273.88
The cost cf lubrication of marine equipment has been appreciably
reduced by installing reclaiming systems and filters wherever prac-
ticable and by using the cheapest class of lubricants that will render
satisfactory service. On dredges and other nonself-propellin^ craft
the use of marine engine oil has been discontinued, and stationary
and locomotive oils have been substituted. Good results have
been obtained issuing monthly competitive sheets to the marine
engineers, by placing all marine equipment on a fixed monthly lubri-
cant allowance, and by close supervision. As a result the average
cost of lubrication of equipment in service has been lowered during
the year from about 75 cents per service day per vessel to about 45
cents per service day.
For tug boats the cost of lubrication per service day was reduced
from about 90 cents at the beginning of the year to about 50 cents
at the close of the year.
The same methods have been followed in reducing the cost of lubri-
cants consumed on locomotives. Each engineer is on a daily allow-
ance, and comparative sheets are c()mpiled monthly and posted in
every oflicc, engine house, and yard office. Tlie cost per service day
for lubricating commission locomotives during the year was 8.3 cents
per service day, as compared with 11 cents during the pifevious year,
showing a reduction of about 25 per cent.
CONSTRUCTION AND KN(;INEERIN(5 SECOND DIVISION.
240
There has been an appreciable re(hiction ckiring the year in the
cost of hibricating steam shovels. The average cost per day per
steam shovel during the year has been 34.8 cents. All stationary and
portable equipment has likewise been placed on a monthly allowance,
and close supervision has been exercised in regard to the use of lubri-
cants. Comparative montlily tabulations are made and posted, and
there has been a substantial reduction in cost per service day during
the past year. Supervision has been exercised not only for lubri-
cants, but on equipment as well, such as spreaders and unloaders,
with satisfactory results as regards reduced cost. The number of
standard hand oilers and oil containers has been reduced. All oilers
and containers are marked with their standard number and wath the
name of the oil contained. No oils or lubricants are requisitioned
for unless the same are in accordance ■v\'ith the standard Ust.
The following is a statement of the fuel consumed by the Isthmian
Canal Commission and the Panama Kailroad Co. during the year,
compared with the three previous years:
Fiscal year 1909-10.
Fisccl year 1910-11.
Coal.
Oil.
Total.
Coal.
Oil.
Quan-
tity.
Equiv-
alent in
coal.
Quan-
tity.
Equiv-
alent in
coal.
Total.
Isthmian Canal Commission.,
ranama Railroad Co
Tons.
365,329
33,390
Barrels.
463, 186
103,177
Tons.
115, 797
25, 495
Tons.
481,126
58,885
Tons.
364,40:5
50, 796
Barrels.
679,928
104,714
Tons.
169,982
26,178
Tons.
534,385
76,974
Total
398,719
566,363
141,292
540,011
415, 199
784, 642
196,160
611 359
Fiscal year 1911-12.
Fiscal year 1912-13.
Coal.
Oil.
Tota'.
Coal.
Oil.
Quan-
tity.
Equiv-
alent in
coal.
Quan-
tity.
Equiv-
alent in
coal.
Total.
Isthmian Canal Commission..
Panama Railroad Co. .
Tons.
3.56,557
44, 828
Barrels.
769,921
106, 404
Tons.
192, 408
26, 601
Tons.
538, 965
71,429
Tons.
343, 853
27,911
Barrels.
777,604
127,313
Tons.
194,401
31,828
Tons.
538,254
59 739
Total
401,385
876 325 ^10 nnq
610,394
371,764
904,917
226,229
597,993
Note.— Four barrels of oil assumed to equal 1 ton of coal. Reduction for the fiscal year endin? June
30, 1913, 2.75 i)er cent, compared with 1911-12.
250
EEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table A. — Statement of roJlinq yincl: owned by the Isthmian Cnnal Commission in use
by the different departments as of July 1, 1913.
Description.
o
o
c3
t-.
d
o
O
d
_o
'>
•3
o
a
<
0
o
3
1
a
o
d
o
>
-3
•a
1
d
0
>
s
a
d
0 .
M
Si
8
0
l|
la
1
0
.g
i
0
>
- d
g-2
a"
03
a
_o
03
.1
d
0
■3
.1
0
Cars:
12 13
78
63
1,531
25
25
27
143
238
102
376
115
3
10
5
3
2
164
55
29
20
7
3
7
'21'
5
500
40- ton wood flats ( Lidgerwoods)
NaiTow-gauge flats—
1.769
38
.56
6
7
67
Dec-auville J-meter gauge. .
25
188
135
48
12
27
31
5
45
3
460
590
295
20
35
:::;:::::
1
42
31
31
196
IS
3!0
69
26
20
33
3
594
18-yard Oliver dump
178
12
12
298
12
12
1
1
Electroautomatic Railway
45
13
5
3
8
3
45
2
76
18
1
3
19
1
5
2
3
1
10
"i'
10
16
13
1
14
1
6
12
5
1
7
11
2
10
65
Locomotives:
201 class, American Locomo-
100
301 class, Baldwin Locomotive
Works
1
1
2
1
2
4
40
400 cla.ss
1
3 -.--
4 ....
21
500 class
40
20
1
10
3
3
22
800 class (3 and 3* foot gauge) . .
8
8
1
2
1
31
2
1
1
4
4
7
1
Electrical Industrial Railway
12
1
12
1
i
1
2
3
6
1
4
Steam shovels:
1
5
1
1
7
'"'9'
6
3
1
5
1
6
30
"2"
15
1
1
3
4
8
2
29
30
1
6
2
1
3
2
1
3
12
21
5
3
"'3'
2
2
2
1
1
26
28
9
2
11
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING SECOND DIVISION.
251
T.\BLE B. — Statement nf Isthmian Canal Commission floatim/ equipment on the Isthmus
as of July 1. 1913.
Description.
Second
divi-
sion.
Sixth
divi-
sion.
Atlan-
tic
divi-
sion.
Quar-
termas-
ter
de-
part-
ment.
De-
part-
ment
of sani-
tation.
De-
part-
ment
of civil
admin-
istra-
tion.
First
di\'i-
sion,
lights
and
buoys.
Forti-
fica-
tions.
Total.
Dredges:
2
3
7
7
1
9
1
2
3
7
7
Clam-shell
1
Tugs:
1
10
Other
1
Towboats stem wheel...
1
1
11
1
7
9
1
5
5
3
11
Tenders
1
1
2
2
Launches:
Steam
2
1
4
1
2'
11
1
19
Electric
1
Barges:
Single-deck lighters, 110-
foot
1
6
Deck barges—
75-foot
5
40-foot
1
4
11
4
Dump barges—
168-foot
4
156-foot
3
4
2
16
154-foot
4
150-foot
1
1
122-foot
3
6
9
2
2
2
3
Sand barges, 127.5-foot...
6
Mud scows, 126-foot
1
9
Oil barges
2
House boats
2
Drill barges
2
Derrick barges
2
2
Wrecking barges
2
1
Coal barges, 110- foot
2
Water barges
1
1
Diving barges
1
Machine barge at shop
1
Disinfecting barge
1
1
Pile drivers
2
Crane boats
1
Coal hoist
1
Rock breakers
1
Yawl, gasoUne
1
1
1
252 REPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table C. — Statement of equipment owned by the Panama Railroad Co. as of July 1. 1913.
In
Pan-
ama
R. R.
ser-
vice.
In service of Isthmian Canal Commission.
In serv-
ice of
Fortifi-
cation
Board.
Rolling equipment.
Atlan-
tic
divi-
sion.
Central
divi-
sion.
Fifth
divi-
sion.
Quar-
termas-
ter's
depart-
ment.
Me-
chani-
cal
divi-
sion.
First
divi-
sion.
Total.
Locomotives:
19
16
7
1
5
12
1
43
IS
Total
35
8
5
13
61
Cars, passenger:
2
2
1
21
21
2
8
2
2
1
Coaches, first class
Coaches, second class
21
21
2
Baggage and mail
8
Total
61
61
Cars, freight:
Box
898
37
15
19
2
20
2
18
39
14
6
1
4
1
2
1
9
989
39
Flat
3
2
i
23
19
2
20
2
Total
993
18
42
16
7
7
1
10
1,094
Cars, service:
15
3
199
82
22
15
3
Ballast (Rodger)
1
200
1
2
85
22
Total
321
1
1
2
325
Miscellaneous:
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
Ditching machine
1
Total
9
1
8
5
1
1
2
9
Floating equipment:
Floating pile driver
1
8
5
Launch, gasoline
Pontoon diving appara-
1
1
Rowboats
2
18
18
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING SECOND DIVISION. 253
Office Engineer.
Mr. A. B. Nichols has been in immediate charge, as oflEice engineer,
of the general drafting work, the engineering files, and the blue print-
ing of the chief engineer's office. The usual routine work has been
accomplished, mcluding the compiling and recording of various sta-
tistics, etc., and the making of maps, charts, and diagrams. The
general map of the Canal Zone, scale 1:20000, has been completed
during the year. The blue-print force turned out about 375,000
square feet of blue print.
Very respectfully,
H. H. Rousseau,
Civil Engineer, U. S. Navy,
Member, Isthmian Canal Commission,
Assistant to the Chief Engineer.
Col. George W. Goethals, U. S. Army,
Chairman and Chief Em/ineer
Isthmian Canal Commission, Culehra, Canal Zone.
Inclosure: Report of inspector of shops, marked Appendix G.
PLATE 61.
SINKING REINFORCED CONCRETE CAISSONS FOR WHARF AT BALBOA BY
WEIGHTING THEM WITH CONCRETE AND CAST-IRON BLOCKS.
APPEND IX G
REPORT OF LIEUT. COL. T. C. DICKSON, ORDNANCE DEPART-
MENT, UNITED STATES ARMY, INSPECTOR OF SHOPS,
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING.
Isthmian Canal Commission,
Office of the Chief Engineer, Second Division,
Culebra, Canal Zone, July 31, 1913.
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the work
under my jurisdiction during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913:
The inspections made have included day and night shifts in the
different shops and hostling estabhshments and the principal me-
chanical apparatus used on construction work; the results thereof,
with recommendations, were submitted monthly on form 276-1 C. E.
Tliree hundred and three inspections of shops were made during the
year, of which fifty-nine were made at night.
The investigating and recommending action to be taken on re-
quests for transfer of equipment was assigned to me by Circular No.
370D, dated September 27, 1912.
The table following shows for each shop the number of superin-
tendents, general foremen, and foremen constituting the supervisory
force, the pay per month of the supervisory force, the number of
gold and silver employees, and total number of employees on June 30,
1912, December 31, 1912, and June 30, 1913.
Number and pay per month of supervisors and number of gold and silver employees and
total number of employees in each shop on June SO, 1912, December 31, 1912, and June
30, 1913.
Shop.
June 30, 1912.
Supervisory force.
Number
Pay per
month.
Number of employees in shop.
Golci.
Silver.
Total.
Dry dock
Porto Bello
Spillway and dam
Toro Point
Car department ' ,
Empire
Gamboa 2
Gatim
GoldHill3
Gorgona
Las Cascadas ,
Pedro Miguel ,
Balboa
Panama Railroad at Cristobal .
Panama Railroad at Panama. .
$1, 760. 60
175. 00
300.00
200.00
105
20
3
6
2,400.00
200.00
550.00
175.00
7, 718. 68
375. 00
1,205.00
1,445.60
865. 00
112. 50
116
5
24
3
743
16
61
63
27
1
Total.
96 17,482.38
1,193
304
81
41
18
274
16
98
11
1,197
30
192
213
311
19
2,805
409
101
44
24
390
21
122
14
1,940
46
253
276
338
20
3,998
1 Established May 1, 1913.
s Closed Sept. 4, 1912.
3 Closed between Aug. 12, 1912, and Jan. 3, 1913.
255
256
EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Number and pay per month of sxipervisors and number of gold and silver employees and
total number of employees in each shop on June SO, 1912, December 31, 1912, and June
30, 1913— Continued.
Shop.
Dry dock
Porto Bello
vSpilhvay and dam
Toro Point
Car department i
Empire
Gamboa^
Gatun
GoldHills
Gorgona
Las Casf^adas
Pedro Miguel
Balboa
Panama Railroad at Cristobal.
Panama Railroad at Panama. .
Total.
Dec. 31, 1912.
Supervisory force.
Number.
Pay per
month.
$1,420.60
220. 60
325. 00
200.00
1,700.00
675.00
8,151.96
375.00
1,060.00
1,470.60
865. 00
112.50
Number of employees in shop.
Gold.
106
17
1
16,476.26
1,147
Silver. Total.
162
84
33
18
85
1,312
33
183
433
260
19
2,794
234
100
35
24
110
2,071
48
240
539
277
20
3,941
Jime30, 1913.
Shop.
Supervisory force.
Number of employees in shop.
Number.
Pay per
month.
Gold.
Silver.
Total.
6
2
2
1
12
8
$1,110.00
280. 80
350. 00
1/5.00
1,925.00
1 , 700. 00
68
IS
2
7
197
90
234
103
14
22
623
271
302
Porto Belio
121
16
Toro Point
29
820
361
3
1
32
2
6
1
1
550.00
175. 00
6, 146. 08
375. 00
1,060.00
1,295.60
225.00
112.50
36
1
757
20
70
87
7
1
101
3
1,012
62
2S5
313
49
19
137
Gold Hills
4
1,769
82
353
400
56
20
Total
84
15,479.98
1,361
3, 109
4.470
I Established Mav 1, 1913.
s Closed Sept. 4. 1912.
3 Closed between .\ug. 12, 1912, and Jan. 3, 1913.
The net decrease in supervisory force in all shops during the year
was 12; in monthly pay of supervisors, $2,002.40. The total force
in all shops increased 11.8 per cent during the year.
The total monthly pay roU in each shop during the year, as taken
from form 222 C. E., is shown in the following table:
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING MECHANICAL DIVISION. 257
Total pay roll of each shop and total pay roll of all shops per month during the fiscal year
ended June ,30, 1913.
1912
July.
August.
September.
October.
November.
December.
$26,471.98
3,512.18
3, 292. 44
1,892.91
22,117.85
200, 736. 15
22, 696. 15
$26, 735. 69
3,923.95
1,990.85
2,056.81
26,264.19
200, 756. 27
19,030.95
$25, 535. 15
2,967.21
2, 149. 33
1,860.89
32, 208. 94
195, 930. 68
16,469.10
$27, 128. 67
3, 302. 07
2.295.41
1,868.89
35,020.38
217,244.07
18, 646. 35
$19, 210. 87
3,825.91
2, 208. 48
1,938.58
28, 802. 87
200,314.51
16,201.20
$19,925.63
Porto Bello
3,832.90
1,403.72
2,0.54.73
29,81.3.03
198,251.25
17,591.20
Total
2S0, 719. 66
280, 758. 71
277,121.30
305,505.84
272, 502. 42
272,932.46
1913
January.
February.
March.
April.
May.
June.
$19,490.04
4, 035. .52
1,740.13
2,264.&S
28, 740. 57
204, 982. 06
17,554.35
$18,899.42
3, 526. 45
1,590.48
2,008.52
27, 788. 31
180,250.31
17,348.10
$18, 133. 43
4,308.01
1,5.35.59
1,942.00
28,816.57
200, 349. 03
17,502.70
$21,671.87
4,611.47
1,985.21
1,921.97
28, 520. 74
197,811.58
18,351.90
$18,165.97
4, 507. 14
2, 752. 45
2, 078. 06
28, 948. 96
220,918.58
4, 772. 05
$17,413.87
4, 793. 58
3,471.71
Porto Bello . ....
Spillvvav and dam
Toro Point
1,763.02
30, 952. 48
202, 956. 15
Panama Railroad
4, 404. 65
Total
278,807.55
251,411.59
272, 587. 33
274, 874. 74
282, 143. 21
265, 755. 46
The total pay roll in all shops was $47,070.59 less than during the
previous fiscal year and $40,890.26 less than during the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1911.
The follo"\ving table shows the cost of overtime work done in all
shops for each month during the year:
Total overtime of each shop and total overtime of all 'hops per month during the fiscal
year ended June SO, 1913.
Shop or division.
1912
July.
August.
September.
October.
November.
December.
Dry dock
$425. 01
81.09
163. 48
43.90
1.8,55.46
8, 725. 39
240. 15
$401.36
175. 45
42.47
13.50
2,015.73
9, 922. 53
253. 98
S655. 77
97.71
87.74
55.92
3,877.86
15,751.91
158. 16
?886. 58
197. 76
154. 18
61.09
3,729.64
12,658.02
262. 02
$684. 00
141.87
202. 95
39.15
2, 247. 09
11,542.28
266. 55
$1 573 62
Porto Bello
81 18
Spillway and dam
15 37
Toro Point
53 17
Balboa
3 284 96
Mechanical division
11 342 20
Panama. Tiailrnad .
286. 98
Total
11,534.48
4.11
12, 825. 02
4.05
20, 686. 07
7.46
17, 949. 29
5.88
15,123.89
5.55
16,637.48
6 10
Percentajre overtime to total
pay roil
11834°— 13— 17
258
EEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Total overtime of each shop and total overtime of all shops per month during the fiscal
year ended June SO, 1913 — Continued.
Shop or division.
Dry dock
Porto Bello
Spillway and dam
Toro Toint
Balboa
Mechanical division
Panama Railroad
Total
Percentage overtime to total
pay roll
1913
Januarj'.
$1,004.05
1.33. 69
26.18
135.63
2,067.15
13, 182. 61
305. 34
16,854.65
6.05
February.
§1,210.49
88.76
39.68
60.11
2,360.18
14, 062. 40
221.07
18, 042. 69
7.18
March.
SI, 834. 27
294. 52
1.66
42.38
3, 277. SO
14, 783. 77
545. 10
20, 779. 50
7.62
April.
S3, 376. 28
199. 25
32.13
42.08
2,414.61
9,211.91
397. 92
15,674.18
5.70
May.
S887. 73
387. 97
46.23
29.57
2,090.84
11,203.24
346.42
15,082.00
5.35
Jmie.
§1,133.08
482. 64
89. 33
39.03
4,140.26
10, 24.3. 49
286. 09
16,413.92
6.18
The total amount paid for overtime during the year was
$197,603.17, which was $43,492.31, or 28.22 per cent, greater than
the amount paid for overtime during the previous year.
The overtime constituted 5.96 per cent of the total shop pay roll
during the year. In the previous fiscal year this percentage was 4.58,
and for the last six months of the fiscal year ended June 30, 1911, it
was 3.75.
The increase in overtime was due to the insistence of construction
ofiicials that equipment be kept out of service a minimum length of
time for repairs and to construction work on the Balboa terminals
interfering with repairs to the dredging and towing fleets at the Pacific
end. Construction officials order overtime work, the shops having no
control over its amount.
The following table shows the shop expense percentage effective in
each shop during the year under Circular No. 169-E:
Division or shop.
Shop-expense per cent.
Mavl,
1912
Aug.l,
1912
Dec. 1,
1912
Apr. 1,
1913
Mechanical division
Dry dock shop
Balboa shop
Porto Bello shop
Toro Point shop
Panama Railroad shop
37.5
40
40
45
50
30
50
65
25
60
30
130
' Shop expense revoked by circular letter of June 12, 1913, on account of transfer of car department to
mechanical division of the commission, effective May 1, 1913.
The shop-expense percentage of the mechanical division and of the
dry-dock shops is being retained from 10 to 15 per cent above the
average to accumulate sufficient reserve for paying leave with pay
accumulated by employees until the permanent organization is put
into effect.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING MECHANICAL DIVISION. 259
Hostling. — The amount of equipment hostled and cost, exclusive
of overhead expense, were as follows:
Month.
Amount.
Direct
labor.
Material
Total.
Average
cost of
direct
labor per
hostling.
1912.
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913.
January
February
March
April
May
June
Total
7,232
7,281
7,314
7,601
7,372
7,846
8,059
7,271
7,868
7,091
7,535
6,908
89, 378
$6,439.80
6, 477. 24
6, 170. 78
5,710.84
5,546.76
5,299.16
5,322.62
5, 760. 84
5,420.49
5,589.35
5,814.83
5,349.59
.?1,366.19
1,900.06
2,436.07
1,681.35
1,879.69
1,412.65
2,116.05
1,043.85
1,209.74
2, 166. 25
2, 237. 13
1,304.57
$7,805.99
8,377.30
8,606.85
7,392.19
7,426.45
6,711.81
7,438.67
6, 804. 69
6,630.23
7, 755. 60
8,051.96
6,654.16
68,902.30
20,753.60
89,655.90
.8905
.9006
.844
.7513
.7524
.675
.6604
.792
.6889
.7882
.7717
.7744
The average cost of direct labor per hostling for standard-gauge
equipment hostled by the mechanical division was $0.7709, which
was $0.1855, or nearly 20 per cent less than during the previous year.
The lowest average cost of direct labor per hosthng in a month during
the year at any hosthng establishment under the mechanical division
was $0,606, at Las Cascadas during the month of December, 1912;
this was also the lowest cost since such records have been kept on
the Isthmus.
Cristobal shops. — Circular No. 349-B transferred the car depart-
ment of the Panama Railroad Co. to the mechanical division of the
commission on May 1, 1913. This consolidated all car inspection
and repair work of the commission and Panama Railroad Co., except
at Toro Point and Porto Bello.
During the year 445 cars were given general repairs, 462 were given
heavy repairs, and 715 were given light repairs in this shop.
The manufacture of steel cylinders for the Cristobal docks of the
Panama Railroad Co., which was commenced in October, 1911, was
completed in December, 1912, and the force disbanded. The two
72-inch power riveters used on the work were transferred to Gorgona
boiler shop.
Porto Bello, Toro Point, and spillway shops. — These three small
shops continued under the jurisdiction of the division engineer of the
Atlantic division.
Dry-dock shops. — These shops were operated under the division en-
gineer of the Atlantic division until May 1, 1913, on which date they
were transferred to the mechanical division by Circular No. 183-U.
Seventy-seven boats of various kinds were docked during the year.
The average daily working force consisted of 80 gold and 230 silver
employees. The total expenditures during the year amounted to
$413,051.83, which was $174,003.74 less than during the previous
fiscal year. A 40-horsepower motor was installed in place of the
steam engine for driving the machine tools in the carpenter shop.
260 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
As a result of an investigation of the amount of work on hand and
that anticipated, the division engineer of the Atlantic division ap-
proved my recommendation that the night shift be abohshed on
October 26, 1912.
The average shop expense per month from July to October, both
inclusive, was $10,674.40 and from November to June, both inclusive,
was $7,443.93. The abolishing of the night shift and other economies
effected an average saving in shop expense of $3,230.47 per month.
Mr. C. J. ReiUy, general foreman, is in charge of this shop.
Gatun shop. — Tliis shop, under the mechanical division, continued
without material change throughout the year, except that as construc-
tion work in the vicinity decreased the force was correspondingly re-
duced. The blacksmith shop maintained by the Gatun Locks sub-
division was closed in July, 1912, and the work transferred to this
shop. Light repairs to the dredges working north of the Gatun Locks
are made by this shop. Mr. C. S. Perry, general foreman, is in charge
of the shop.
Garnboa slwp. — This shop continued to hostle engines for the cen-
tral division until September 4, 1912, when it was permanently aban-
doned and the locomotives sent to Las Cascadas for hostUng and run-
ning repairs.
Gold Hill. — ^An outdoor hostling estabhshment was maintained by
the mechanical division at Gold Hill until August 12, 1912, when
excavation on the high level was suspended until the dry season; it
was reopened on January 3, 1913, and has continued in operation to
date. The work done in this place w4U be transferred to the hosthng
establishment being erected on Cottontree dump for repairing and
hostUn^ the equipment to be kept in service for terracing the east
bank of the canal between Gold Hill and Las Cascadas. The engine
shed was moved from Gamboa to this place.
Las Cascadas shop. — ^The engine house maintained at this place by
the mechanical division has continued to hostle locomotives at the
lowest average cost of labor of any hostling establishment on the
Isthmus. Mr. J. M. Abston, general foreman, is in immediate
charge.
Pedro Miguel shop. — The number of locomotives hostled at Pedro
Miguel continually increased during the year, on account of the ex-
tension of work on the Balboa terminals and increase in dry exca-
vation at the Miraflores Locks.
By changing the working hours of the day shift and sending more
cars to Gorgona, it was practicable and economical to abolish the
night shift in the car shop at this place on November 30.
This shop is under the charge of Mr. G. J. Gunn, general foreman.
The number of engines hostled at East Balboa dump, which is
under the supervision of the general foreman of the Pedro Miguel
engine house, increased during the year. To care for the locomo-
tives used in the Balboa terminals by the second division, the instal-
lation was approved of a hostling yard, washout pit, and shed at
this place. These additional facilities were nearly completed at the
end of the year. The machine-shop car for repairing steam shovels
was moved from Miraflores to provide facilities for making light
repairs, and a foreman was put in charge. After the abandoning of
Pedro Miguel engine house m October next all locomotives at the
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING MECHANICAL DIVISION. 261
Pacific end will be hostled at this place until the roundhouse and
yards of the permanent shops are ready for use.
Empire shop. — As noted in my last annual report, Circular No.
349-A transferred this shop to the mehanical division on July 1, 1912.
The work done in this shop during the fiscal year was Hmited prin-
cipally to minor repairs to steam shovels and pumps and all repaii-s
to rock drills, track jacks, and drills, etc.
The saving in shop expense that would result from the transfer of
this shop to the mechanical division and the transfer of manufacturing
work and heavy repairs to Gorgona was estimated to be $3,900 per
month; the average monthly shop expense during the fiscal year was
$4,181.54 less than during the previous fiscal year.
After August, 1912, repairs to steam shovels in the Empire district
of the central division during the day were made by mechanics sent
from the Empire shop, which reduced the cost of repairs.
Mr. W. H. Bates, superintendent of steam shovel repairs, super-
vised repairs to all steam shovels. Mr. J. H. Moriarty, general fore-
man, was in charge of the Empire shops during the year.
BaTboa shop.—'This shop was operated by Mr. W. G. Comber, resi-
dent engineer, and the work therein continued throughout the year
%vith httle change in quantity or character. The construction of
terminal facilities and the dry dock necessarily handicapped the
work of this shop, and contracted its available shop and wharf space.
The blacksmith shop was moved into the shipways.
Gorgona shops. — Upon the resignation of Mr. J. Belt, general fore-
man of the car department, effective July 8, 1912, the car and loco-
motive departments were consohdated under general foreman J. J.
Eason; Mr. A. O. Herman was appointed assistant general foreman,
and put in charge of the car department, and Mr. F. B. Ferebee was
appointed assistant general foreman, and put in charge of the foun-
dry, planing mill, carpenter shop, and pattern shop. These changes
effected a saving of $225 per month in supervision.
The principal additional work assigned to these shops during the
year consisted of heavy repairs to steam shovels and their parts.
The wrecking outfit maintained by the central division at Las
Cascadas was transferred to the mechanical division on July 1, 1912;
the outfit was stationed at Gorgona and the crew was used on shop-
work when not engaged in wrecking.
The average number of gold employees at work in these shops on
the last day of each month during the year was 735 and of silver
employees 1,250. The force in this plant was increased 9.8 per cent
during the year.
Under the system of inspecting finished work before shipment,
which has proved highly advantageous to the shops as well as to
construction di\dsions, 14,490 finished repair and manufacturing jobs
were inspected during the year, at an average cost of 27^ cents each;
314 jobs rejected by the inspector for minor errors were accepted
without change by construction officials, 578 jobs were passed after
completing omitted work or correcting errors, and 200 jobs w^ere
finally rejected.
During the year 14,019 orders covering manufacturing work were
received and 13,938 were completed, leaving 669 on hand unfinished
on June 30, 1913. The increase over the rnunber unfinished on
June 30, 1912 (588), being due to the receipt of orders for delivery
262
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
of material for use during the period required to transfer work to the
permanent plant.
Reduction in quantity of work enabled the night shift in the plan-
ing mill to be taken off August 31, 1912. Increase in quantity of
work necessitated putting the night shift on again on March 10, 1913.
The output and cost of iron castings for each month during the
year is shown in the following table :
Month.
Output
(pounds).
Total cost
per pound.
Number of
patterns
made.
Number of
castings
made.
1912
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913
January
February
March
AprU
May
June
Total
682,269
563, 780
511,445
626, 351 J
610,327
539,002
537,615
509, 735
549,574
625,529
741,787
553,845
7,051,2594
. 02708
.0317
. 02971
.02859
.02964
.0323
.0329
.0317
. 03354
. 02863
.02678
.02963
92
94
97
101
84
78
87
75
81
83
122
982
13,379
21,506
18,840
22, 118
24,307
17, 700
17,452
13,531
16,558
15, 231
16,651
12,502
209, 775
The average total cost per pound during the year was 3.13 cents.
Orders estimated to require 440,000 pounds remained unfinished at the
end of the year.
The output and cost of steel castings for each month during the
year were as follows :
Month.
1912.
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913.
January
February
March
April ,
May
June
Total
Output
(pounds).
38,840
47, 902i
25,507§
62, 339
65,040i
65, 481 i
59, 030
61,821
106,040
92, 770
75,912
93, 310
794,5931
Total cost
per pound.
$0. 1143
.0884
. 10395
. 05775
.0608
. 08494
. 09872
. 07952
. 06G53
. 06762
.0873
.07668
Number of
patterns
made.
Number of
castings
made.
371
693
666
536
426
2,077
2,752
2,342
2,399
3,097
2,970
4,029
22, .358
The average total cost per pound during the year was 7.84 cents.
Orders for 81,127 pounds remained unfinished at the end of the year.
The charge to divisions and departments for steel castmgs was
reduced from 10 to 8 cents per pound on April 1, 1913.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING — MECHANICAL DIVISION. 263
The output and cost of brass castings for each month durmg the
year were as follows:
Month.
1912.
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913.
January
February
March ,
April
May
June
Total
Output
(pounds).
19, G60J
19, 639
16,849i
25,310i
25, 9051
32, 743 J
32, 767i
33, 702
25,443*
34,433'
36, 569
17, 652
324, 675f
Total cost
per pound.
.1783
. 18726
. 21859
.167
.1616
. 18923
. 25837
. 20785
. 22548
. 22389
.2299
. 15803
Number of
patterns
made.
Number of
castings
made.
1,377
1,302
1,798
925
1,861
2,074
2,045
2, .350
2,547
2,207
3,097
1,236
22,819
The average total cost per pound during the year v/as 20.52 cents.
The quartermaster's department increased the cost of copper from 12
to 18 cents per pound on January 1, 1913.
The abandoning of Gorgona shops, necessitated by the filUng of
Lake Gatun, was started on May 1, 1913, by the transfer ot all coach,
labor-car, and steel flat-car work — including the paint shop — to the
Cristobal shops and of all Lidgerwood flat and steel dump-car repair
work to Empire. The instrument-repair shop was transferred to
Empire on June 30, 1913. Plans for the transfer of the other classes
of work were completed and announced in Circular No. 349-E. The
foundry, planing mill, pattern shop, carpenter shop, and oxy- acetylene
plant will be transferred to the permanent plant at Balboa; the
laboratory to the Balboa power plant; the remaining classes of work
will be transferred to Empire shops until the permanent shops at
Balboa are ready for occupation.
Mechanical division. — ^At the beginning of the fiscal year this divi-
sion operated the Gorgona shops, the engine houses, and minor
repair shops at Gatun, Las Cascadas, Gamboa, Gold Hill, Pedro
^Iiguel, and Balboa Dump, the air-compressor plants at Las Cascadas,
Empire, and Rio Grande, and the electric-Ught plant at Empire.
During the year the Gamboa engine house was abandoned; and the
Empire shops on July 1, 1912, the dry-dock shops on May 1, 1913,
and the Miraflores power plant and electric work m the fifth division
on May 1,1913, were transferred to it.
Mr. A. L. Robinson was superintendent of the mechanical division
throughout the year.
^64
REPORT ISTHMIAI? CANAL COMMISSION.
The volume of work performed monthly during the year by the
mechanical division is shown by the following abstract of expendi-
tures :
Month.
Labor.
Material.
Services ren-
dered by
other divi-
sions and
departments.
Total.
1912.
July
August ,
September ,
October
November
December
1913.
January ,
February
March..!
April ,
May
June
Total
S200, 736. 15
200, 756. 27
195,930.68
217,244.07
200,314.51
198,251.25
204, 982. 06
180,250.31
200,349.03
197,811.58
220,918.58
202, 956. 15
$175,672.01
169,824.99
149,261.71
194, 640. 40
165,077.13
173,379.57
190,386.54
191,788.15
192,870.39
222,567.09
195, 072. 84
176,029.54
2,420,500.64
2,196,570.36
B12, 737. 45
12, 744. 10
13,483.54
14,995.67
15,507.22
17,385.29
13, 924. 63
13,500.06
12,851.32
16, 432. 84
7, 553. 36
15,045.13
166, 160. 61
$389, 145. 61
383, 325. 36
358, 675. 93
426,880.14
380, 898. 86
389, 016. 11
409. 293. 23
385,538.52
406. 070. 24
436,811.51
424, 545. 78
394,030.82
4,783,231.61
The number of repairs to locomotives made each month during the
year was as follows:
Running.
Heavy.
3,277
57
3,296
56
2,946
47
3,009
56
3,111
49
3,409
42
3,590
43
3,355
35
3,418
37
3,439
48
3,352
35
3,044
12
39,246
517
3,270.5
43
Total.
July
August
September.
October . . .
November.
December.
1912.
January..
February.
March
April
May
June
1913.
Total
Average per month.
3,334
3,352
2,993
3,065
3,160
3,451
3,633
3,390
3,455
3,487
3,387
3,056
39,763
3,313.5
Cost of repairs to locomotives:
Labor $459, 296. 27
Material 157, 202. 84
Total 616, 499. 11
Average cost per month:
Labor 38,358. 02
Material • 13, 016. 90
Total 51 , 374. 92
Average cost per locomotive with 314 locomotives in service:
Labor
Material
Total .
1,221.59
414. 55
1,636.14
In view of the approaching completion of construction work, all
locomotives were inspected and the 1 02 in best condition were placed
on a long-service list and the remainder on a short-service Ust. No
repairs were made to locomotives on the latter Ust except those nec-
essary for safety.
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING MECHANICAL DIVISION. 265
The number of shop and field repairs made to the different classes
of cars during the year were as follows:
Equipment.
Number
of shop
repairs.
Number
of field
repairs.
Total.
15,980
3,385
2,516
46
19
239
217
218
104,483
43,380
46,645
0
2
1,139
433
3,695
120,403
46, 765
49, 161
46
21
1,378
650
3,913
Total
22,620
199, 777
222,397
The following table shows repairs made during the year to equip-
ment other than locomotives and cars :
Month.
Cranes.
Track-
Shifters.
Un-
loaders.
Spread-
ers.
Narrow-
gauge
loco-
motives.
Others.
Total.
1912.
July
13
7
10
16
19
14
17
8
16
32
20
30
9
6
5
10
8
8
4
3
2
2
6
9
44
61
17
33
23
45
46
53
34
44
15
8
26
25
17
34
34
35
42
51
37
33
25
20
7
17
0
3
11
8
2
4
8
18
19
6
18
14
21
25
19
11
11
10
10
16
11
9
117
130
70
October
121
November
114
121
1913.
122
129
March
107
145
May
96
June
82
Total
202
72
423
379
103
175
1,354
The number of employees on the pay rolls of the mechanical divi-
sion on the last day of each month was as follows:
Month.
1912.
July
August
September.
October —
November..
December..
Gold.
1,048
1,192
1,146
1,153
1,136
1,002
Silver.
2,104
2,230
2,218
2,334
2,137
1,834
Total.
3,152
3,422
3,364
3,487
3,273
2,836
Month.
1913.
January
February
March
April
May
June
Average per
month
Gold.
990
992
1,037
1,081
990
1,063
Silver.
1,851
1,872
1,846
2,253
2,443
2,461
2,132
Total.
2,837
2,862
2,838
3,290
3,524
3,451
3,195
The actual shop expense percentage of the mechanical division
each month was as follows:
1912: Percent. 1913: Percent
July 48. 36 January 39. 13
August 40. 41 February 38. 39
September. . . ; 49. 91 March 37. 32
October 44. 50 April 39. 91
November 39. 68 May 36. 47
December 40. 38 June 39. 83
266
REPOET ISTHMIAN CAKAL COMMISSION.
Circular No. 384 requires that report be made of each case of unsat-
isfactory work performed, and the following reports in regard to work
done by the mechanical division were received during the year, viz:
Six sheaves, made under requisition No. 736, bored 3^ instead of
4 inches. Complaint unjustified.
Points not properly welded on dogs, made under work requests
Nos. A-2025/446, A-2705/6, and No. 3745. Part of complaint
justified.
Shore pipe, made under work request No. A-2552, would not tele-
scope. Complaint justified.
tJnloader No. 25 not properly repaired. Complaint justified.
Cost of two steel forms for pier shells, made under work request
No. P-1931, excessive. Complaint not justified.
Eccentric core hole in spud point, cast under work request No.
P-2067. Complaint justified.
Pistons, cast under work requests Nos. P-2137 and P-2199, too
hard. Complaint unjustified.
Five justified complaints out of the total number of different
articles that were made and the total number of different pieces of
equipment that were repaired during the year constitute an excellent
record.
The electric-hght and air-compressor plants and electrical installa-
tions and distributions under the mechanical division were under the
charge of Mr. H. Rowe, electrical superintendent.
The operation of the electric-light plants during the year was as
follows :
Month.
Mechanical division
plants.
Output,
Kw. hours.
Cost
per Kw.
hour.
Gatun-C r i s t o b a 1
plants, Atlantic
division.
Output,
Kw. hours.
Cost
per Kw.
hour.
Miraflores plant.
Output,
Kw. hours.
Cost
per Kw.
hour.
Total dis-
tributed.
1912.
July
August
September
October
November
December
January.
February.
March
April
May
June
1913.
Total output.
Average cost ,
436, 554
441,328
432, 532
415, 931
396, 969
405, 701
376, 815
360, 051
372, 931
379, 418
457, 823
296, 588
.0316
.0323
.03004
. 03322
.033
. 03931
. 04139
. 03167
.03511
. 02106
.01741
.03146
270, 173
287, 144
272, 529
293,423
302, 773
297, 399
285, 401
257, 958
281,565
275, 820
269,710
297, 845
.0276
.0219
.0203
.02345
.02918
. 02376
.02232
.0191
.02314
.02433
.01289
.01877
979, 390
995, 265
837,630
978,090
776, 500
722, 150
911, 720
873, 430
909,020
858, 570
964, 720
811,470
.0198
.0206
.0209
. 0203
.0213
.0214
.018
.0191
. 0185
.0188
.0128
. 01820
4, 772, 641
3,391,740
10, 617, 955
1,686,117
1,723,737
1, .542. 691
1,687,444
1, 476, 242
1, 425, 250
1,573,936
1,491,439
1,51)3,516
1, 513, 808
1, 692, 253
1, 405, 903
. 0190G
18, 782, 336
CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING MECHANICAL DIVISION. 267
The output and cost of compressed air during the year were as
follows, viz:
Month.
Cubic feet.
Cost.
Cost per
thousand
cubic feet.
1912.
July
745,959,040
763,241,800
099, 408, 670
823,019,150
683, 624, 055
695,096,470
680, 424, 260
627,268,954
673,839,330
647,672,405
696,265,197
714, 950, 536
$23,533.89
23,604.78
20,905.06
23,364.99
20,468.94
21,934.02
20, 488. 67
21,922.95
22,519.10
26, 588. 02
28, 653. 54
26,015.36
$0. 03153
. 03092
. 02987
.02838
.02994
.03152
1913.
.03099
.03494
.03341
April
. 04105
May
.04115
.0363
Total
8,4.50,769,867
704, 230, 823
279,999.32
23,333.28
.03313
The decreased demand for compressed air at the north end of
Culebra Cut and the increased demand at Balboa caused the transfer
from Las Cascadas of two compressors and three boilers to the Balboa
plant. The Las Cascadas plant was closed on November 17, 1912.
Padlocks that were broken or the keys for which had been lost were
scrapped; such locks are now repaired or fitted with new keys.
On June 1, 1913, the making up of the pay rolls and the issuing of
coupon books and pay certificates in the mechanical division were
transferred to the examiner of accounts.
The employment of 257 applicants for work in shops was approved
during the year; among these were 88 boilermakers, 73 machinists,
and 30 hostlers.
During the year the mechanical division submitted rec[uisitions for
the employment by the Washington office of 410 artisans, clerks,
and draftsmen, of which 105 were machinists, 90 boilermakers, 51
hostlers, 42 blacksmiths, 33 car carpenters, 25 molders, and 10 clerks.
The meetings of the mechanical committee were continued until
abolished by Circular No. 383-B, in May, 1913, when it was consid-
ered that the committee had fulfilled the purpose for which it was
organized.
Respectfully submitted.
T. C. Dickson,
Lieutenant Colonel, Ordnance Department,
U. S. Army, Inspector of Shops.
Civil Engineer H. H. Rousseau, United States Navy,
Assistant to the Chief Engineer,
Isthmian Canal Commission, Culehra, Canal Zone.
APPENDIX H.
REPORT OF LIEUT. F. MEARS, UNITED STATES ARMY, CHIEF
ENGINEER, PANAMA RAILROAD RELOCATION.
Panama Railroad Co.,
Office of Chief Engineer,
Colon, Panama, June 30, 1913.
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of operations
of the relocation, Panama Railroad, during the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1913.
The construction of the relocated line was practically completed
on May 25, 1912, upon which date the last section of the new Une
(Gold Hill division) was formally turned over to the Panama Rail-
road Co., and accepted.
The work accompUshed during the year to which this report per-
tains consisted of riprapping the submerged embankments through
the Gatun Lake section, building bascule bridge at Monte Lirio, and
instalUng automatic signals throughout the Une.
Riprapping Submerged Embankments.
Spoil material from the Culebra Cut was furnished in small quan-
tities during the year, and the embankments at mile post 24, mile
post 21 (Rio Frijoles), and mile post 20 (Agua Salua), were reen-
forced by dumping this material along the side slopes, which will
soon be submerged. Some of the spoil material was also used to
strengthen the large embankment in the Brazo Valley, mile post 12.
This work has been carried on by the track department forces under
Mr. M. B. Connolly, roadmaster, and very httle remains to be done
during the coming year.
Bascule Bridge, Monte Lirio.
A bascule, or bridge movable in a vertical plane, was installed at
Bridge 140, Monte Lirio, during the year. Bridge 140 is 317 feet
long, and consists of three plate girder spans removed from old
Bridge 44 at Barbacoas on the abandoned Une. The center span, a
103.6-foot plate girder, was converted into a lift span by the addition
of Ufting trusses, lifting mechanism, and counterweight. This bridge
was designed by the Strauss Bascule Bridge Co., of Chicago, 111., and
is a patented movable bridge of the heel trunnion type. The con-
tract for supplying the necessary material was let to the Penn Bridge
Co., of Beaver Falls, Pa., for $24,390, and the bridge was erected by
the bridge department forces of the Panama Railroad Co., under Mr.
J. D. Tysinger, a special superintendent being furnished by the
contractor.
269
270 BEPORT ISTHMIAN" CANAL COMMISSION".
This bridge provides for an 80-foot width of channel, 45-foot depth
of water at normal lake level, and an unobstructed overhead clear-
ance. It gives ships access to the large area of Gatun Lake, which
lies east of the railroad and within the Canal Zone boundaries in
this section. The attached photograph, plate No. 62, shows this bridge
after the Uft span has started to open.
A combined operator's house, block office, and interlocking cabin
has been constructed on the west side at the south end of the bridge,
from which point the telegraph operator on duty can perform all
functions of settino^ signals, opening and closing bridge, etc. The
cabin has been built of pemianent material, hollow blocks and reen-
forced concrete being used throughout.
Automatic Signals.
During the year automatic signals have been installed from Mindi
to Corozal, with the exception of 4.18 miles between Caimito and
Gamboa cabin, where the main tracks are not exactly on permanent
grade and ahgmnent.
The building of additional tracks between Pedro Miguel and Co-
rozal and abrupt changes in Isthmian Canal Commission traffic
through this territory caused the removal of all automatic features
between these points in February.
Within the territory between Mindi and Corozal there are now in
service 58 automatic and 4 semiautomatic signals, with track circuit
controls ranging from 0.48 to 2.78 miles. These signals are three-
position of the type sho"wn in plates Nos. 63 and 64, and operate in the
upper right-hand c[uadrant. The current is furnished from gravity
and caustic-soda batteries. The night indications are given through
red, yellow, and green roundels in the spectacle casting.
There are also in service within this territory 9 power-operated
home signals and 13 power-operated train order and manuiu block
signals; these operate two-position from horizontal to vertical only
and night indications are red and green. Current is furnished from
caustic-soda battery and the controls are actuated by circuit breakers
on levers through special apparatus when required.
Power-operated signals are of two types, designated as bottom-post
and top-post signals. The bottom-post signal is self-contained, hav-
ing two compartments with sufficient space to accommodate the
relays, battery, and mechanism. The top-post signal is clamped to
an existing signal mast and separate shelter must be provided for
relays and batteries. Of the 84 power-operated signals in service on
the relocated line, 68 are bottom-post and 1 6 top-post signals.
The general design of apparatus and tj^ical circuit schemes are in
accordance with the latest standards and recommendations of the
Railway Signal Association of the United States. The usual scheme
of control has been carried further in this installation as trains are
brought up to all stop aspects, including train-order signals, at limited
speed at all times when traffic is operating under normal conditions.
Some deviations were made in aspects from the general practice in
the United States in order to simplify both the night and day indi-
cations and to meet local conditions peculiar to the Isthmus.
In certain territory where traffic is exceedingly heavy during cer-
tain intervals it is possible to inaugurate a manual-block: system and
PANAMA RAILROAD RELOCATION. 271
use the automatic signals as an adjunct to this method of handUng
trains. In this event their most restrictive aspect is hmited speed,
allowing the spoil trains to follow each other at the minimum spacing.
The entrance of trains to the main track from crossovers and turn-
outs (other than passing track) is governed by switch indicators;
these are miniature signals inclosed wdthin a cast-iron case and sten-
ciled northward and southward.
Interlocking cabins are equipped with a similar device which en-
ables the signalman to know the condition of the main track on either
side of his cabin for a certain determined distance.
During the fiscal year manual-block stations equipped with me-
chanical upper right-hand quadrant-block signals were installed on
the relocated line at Caimito, Gamboa Cabin, tower R, Obispo, New
Culebra, Gold Hill, Pedro Miguel, Turniel Dumj), and North Cabin.
A high-speed absolute staff system with indicators and master
levers was installed between North Cabin and South Cabin for
handling traffic through the Miraflores Tunnel.
Interlocking plants were built at Caimito, Pedro Miguel, North
Cabin, and South Cabin. The interlocking plant at Corozal was
rearranged to accommodate the track and traffic changes made in
March. These plants are mechanical, with such electric features as
are necessary, and contain 51 active levers. Plans have been ap-
proved and material ordered for the installation of interlocking
on Gatun River Bridge (No. 140) and the Isthmian Canal Commission
connection at Obispo.
Plate 63 shows the type of automatic signal used on single track
between stations and plate No. 64 shows automatic signal at end of
passing track.
This work has been in charge of Mr. W. H. Fenley, signal engineer,
for the past year.
Respectfully submitted.
F. Mears, Chief Engineer.
Col. Geo. W. Goethals, U. S. Army,
Chairman and Chief Engineer,
Isthmian Canal Commission, Culebra, Canal Zone.
APPENDIX I„
REPORT OF AD. FAURE, COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT IN
OFFICE OF CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF ENGINEER.
Isthmian Canal Commission,
Office of Chairman and Chief Engineer,
Culehra, Canal Zone, August 31, 1913.
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report for this
office for the fiscal year 1913:
At the close of the last fiscal year this office was charged with the
supervision of the cost data prepared by the construction divisions
and by the engineering department of the Panama Railroad Co., and
with the preparation of detailed cost data for the work on the forti-
fications. On October 1, 1912, the preparation of the detailed cost
data for the aids to navigation was transferred to this office. On
January 1 the work of preparing the detailed cost data for the reor-
ganized divisions of the former Pacific division was transferred to
this office, as was the preparation of the cost data for the first divi-
sion of the chief engineer's office, which had heretofore been under
the super\dsion of the superintendent of erection, and on April 1,
1913, the Atlantic division accounts were transferred, so that at the
close of the fiscal year all the cost accounting for construction work
was being done in this office, with the exception of that for the
central division.
During the year cost accounts were estabhshed for the construc-
tion of permanent buildings, the electric transmission line across the
Isthmus, and the i:)ennanent town sites. The accounts for the con-
struction of terminal faciUties were revised, so as to secure the infor-
mation in more detail, as were those for the work of the first division.
For the Panama Railroad cost accounts were estabhshed for the
construction of a concrete dock at Gatun and of a bridge across the
French Canal at Mount Hope to connect with the site of the coaling
station. The assistant engineer in charge of fortifications has been
furnished cost data in connection -with his annual report, as has the
chief engineer of the Panama Railroad Coo
With the transfer of the detailed work of cost keeping to this
office, 14 employees were transferred, and in spite of the great
increase in cost-keeping work (over 60 per cent in May as compared
with December) the force was only increased after the close of the
fiscal year by two employees. With this increase in force the monthly
11834°— 13^18 273
274
REPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
expense is S2,937.50, as compared with an expense of $3,612.50 for
corresponding work at the same time last year.
On account of the various changes in organization since January
1, 1913, the exliibits submitted no longer represent the expenses of
the divisions, but rather the expenses in tne geographical subdi-
visions of the canal.
EXHIBIT A. STATEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION EXPENDITURES TO JUNE
30, 1913.
These statements show the total expended to June 30, 1913, for
the actual construction of the canal, segregated by construction
divisions and by units of work, the division cost (including plant
and equipment), and general expenses. The total by divisions
follows :
Division cost.
General expenses.
Total.
Divisions.
Amoimt.
Per cent
of total.
Amount.
Per cent
of total.
Amount.
Per cent
of total.
Atlantic
$49,778,393.62
7«, 256, 181. 54
44,207,429.26
537,341.22
29.15
44.65
25.89
.31
$3,727,274.12
7,686,337.91
3,097,152.42
25,985.66
25.64
52.88
21.30
.18
$53,505,667.74
83,942,519.45
47,304,581.68
563,326.88
28.87
Central
45.30
Pacific (including termi-
nals)
25.53
Miscellaneous items of
.30
Total
170,779,345.64
100.00
14,536,750.11
100. 00
185,316,095.75
100. 00
Included under ''Miscellaneous items of construction" are such
projects as the aids to navigation, electric transmission line, etc.,
which can not be charged to any of the geographical divisions of the
canal. The construction divisions have but remote control over the
"General expenses," details of which appear under Exhibit E; and in
this report aU comment on costs is based on the division cost. The
following table shows by periods the percentage of surcharge over
division cost, which has resuhed from apportioning the general
expenses among the construction divisions:
Divisions.
To
June
30,
1909.
Fiscal
year—
Total.
1910
1911
1912
1913
13. 34
12.30
10.99
8.07
9.54
9.76
6.74
7.78
7.76
19.23
6.70
7.07
6.07
9.04
5.63
6.49
6.57
3.70
7.56
Central
7.24
Pacific .
10.07
5.16
12.27
9.08
7.36
6.61
6.24
8.61
BEPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT. 275
The total division cost to the end of the fiscal year 1913 for the
various units of canal work was :
Atlantic division:
Prism excavation —
Dry $1, 310, 484. 54
Hydraulic 10, 318. 87
Dredging 7, 774, 247. 28
Gatun spillway 3, 018, 509. 31
Gatun Dam : 7, 516, 552. 33
Gatun Locks 26, 833, 538. 03
Gatun permanent power house 344, 281. 09
Gatun, Mindi Levee 65, 244. 69
Colon Breakwater 2, 885, 063. 23
Clearing drift in Gatun Lake 5, 666. 11
Total 49, 763, 905. 48
Central division:
Prism excavation —
Dry 76, 077, 694. 77
Hydraulic 10, 511. 46
Dredging 8, 251. 19
Masonry 11, 467. 28
Clearing canal line without excavation 148, 256. 84
Total 76, 256, 181. 54
Pacific division:
Prism excavation —
Dry 3, 160, 940. 28
Hydraulic 1, 078, 529. 11
Dredging 9, 358, 754. 30
Pedro Miguel Dams 338, 330. 66
Pedro Miguel Locks 10, 645, 321. 55
Miraflores East Dam and spillway 728, 374. 54
Miraflores West Dam 836, 161. 26
Miraflores Locks 14, 879, 535. 73
Mii'aflores permanent power house 146, 561. 86
La Boca Locks and Dams (abandoned) 565, 684. 33
Naos Island Breakwater 384, 540. 89
Temporary electric power plant (balance) 27, 923. 74
Ancon quarry (balance) 109, 046. 68
Chame sand plant (balance) 3, 753. 24
Total 42, 263, 458. 17
Terminal facilities :
Cristobal 14, 488. 14
Balboa 1, 943, 971. 09
Total 1, 958, 459. 23
Miscellaneous:
Permanent town sites 52, 458. 77
Permanent buildings 61, 191. 95
Aids to navigation 377, 041. 63
Electric transmission line 14, 597. 23
Trans- Isthmian oU line 32, 051. 64
Total 537, 341. 22
Total division expenses 170, 779, 345. 64
276
KEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
EXHIBIT B. DETAILED COST PER UNIT OF WORK.
TABLE NO. 1. DRY EXCAVATION.
The quantities and average division cost of dry excavation during
the fiscal years 1913 and 1912 were:
Nature of work and location.
1913
Quantities.
Average
division
cost.
1912
Quantities.
Average
division
cost.
Excavation in canal prism:
Atlantic division
Central division —
By division forces.
By contractors
Total
Pacific division
Excavation in spDlways, locks, dams, etc.;
Gatun Locks
Gatun power house
Pedro Miguel Dam
Pedro Miguel Locks
Miraflores West Dam
Miraflores Spillway
Miraflores Locks
Preparing foundations for masonry:
Gatim SpUlway
Gatun Locks
Gatim power house
Pedro Miguel Locks
Miraflores Locks
Cubic yards.
12,737,500
12,737,500
3,210,851
104,660
14,948
2,464
3,044
9,923
134,671
175
33,063
11,648
15, 366
49,048
Cubic yards.
424, 872
16,917,662
145,784
.5525
.6622
.6041
. 4022
2. 8233
.4078
.5374
1.6101
17,063,446
864, 475
72,119
3,937
95,156
2. 3913
1.7012
1.7973
2. 3885
2. 2356
624,747
7,123
8,888
38,826
165,145
$0.5952
.5115
.3494
.5101
.7527
.3767
1.5026
.3018
.6566
2.6400
2. 9598
2.1715
1.5677
With a decrease of 4,180,162 cubic yards in the quantity excavated
in the central division by the division forces, the cost per cubic yard
increased $0.0410, principally in the cost of repairs, which increased
$0.0297.
TABLE NO. 2. DREDGING EXCAVATION.
The dredges in service, quantities dredged, and average division
cost for operation and repairs during the fiscal years 1913 and 1912
were:
Class of dredge.
Num-
ber.
Quantity
dredged.
Average
cost per
cubic yard
for opera-
tion and
repair.
Num-
ber.
Quantity
dredged.
Average
cost per
cubic yard
for opera-
tion and
repair.
Atlantic division:
Seagoing suction
Dipper
French ladder
Pipe-line suction:
In prism
In Gatun Lock site.
Pacific division:
Seagoing suction
Dipper
French ladder
5-yard ladder
Pipe-line suction
Cubic yards,
2,288,676
467,065
628, 960
3,098,707
384,526
1,685,193
227,981
953,042
1,330,514
125,226
$0. 0579
.1960
.1866
.0896
.2400
.0981
.3167
.1602
.1386
.0811
Cubic yards,
2, 755, 255
595, 667
1,004,118
515,787
883,918
2,376,505
362, 164
991,992
153,626
$0. 0637
.2548
.1562
.1129
.1749
.0732
.2143
.1103
.2272
REPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT. 277
The above table does not include work done in inner harbor at
Balboa, which is commented on under Exhibit C, Table No. 7. In
the Atlantic division this year the average cost per cubic yard for
pipe lines in connection with the pipe-line suction dredges was $0.0180
for dredging in prism and $0.0186 for dredging in Gatun Locks, as
against $0.0127 and $0.0121, respectively, last year. The charge for
retaining dikes was $0.0002 for dredging in prism this year and $0.0125
last year. These costs represent the expenses of disposing of material
excavated by pipe-line dredges.
The cost of disposing of material excavated by ladder and dipper
dredges was: Atlantic division, $0.1672 per cubic yard, as against
$0.1509 last year; Pacific division, $0.1092 per cubic yard, as against
$0.0907 last year. In the Atlantic division 753,029 cubic yards of
rock were dredged from the prism, being 11.61 per cent of total quan-
tity dredged. The cost of breaking this rock for the dredges was
$0.1536 per cubic yard. Last year there was dredged 574,837 cubic
yards of rock, being 11.80 per cent of total quantity dredged, with a
cost of $0.2218 per cubic yard for breaking. In the Pacific division
1,047,929 cubic yards of rock were dredged from the prism, being
24.25 per cent of total quantity dredged. The cost of breaking this
rock for the dredges was $0.3357 per cubic yard. Last year 410,216
cubic yards of rock were dredged, being 10.56 per cent of total quan-
tity dredged, with a cost of $0.3300 per cubic yard for breaking.
The total quantity of material dredged and the division cost per
cubic yard for all dredges, including auxihary expenses, were:
Atlantic division. — In prism, 6,483,408 cubic yards, at an average
cost of $0.2093, in Gatun Locks, 384,526 cubic vards, at an average
cost of $0.4329, as against 4,870,827 cubic yards, average cost $0.2481,
and 883,918 cubic yards, average cost $0.3129, last year, respectively.
The decreased cost was principally due to the larger ratio of excava-
tion by pipe-line suction dredges.
Pacific division.— in prism, 4,321,956 cubic yards, at an average
cost of $0.3238, as against 3,884,287 cubic yards last year, at an
average cost of $0.19. The increase is due mainly to" the larger
ratio of rock excavation and to increased depth of excavation neces-
sitating some dredges working only a portion of the day, owing to
heavy tide fluctuations.
TABLE NO. 3. HYDRAULIC EXCAVATION.
The hydrauhc plant, formerly operated in the canal prism below
Miraflores Locks, was reerected at a point north of Gold Hill to sluice
the clay on the top banks. Operations began on June 16, and up to
the close of the fiscal year 57,274 cubic yards of material had been
removed at a division cost of $0.1835 per cubic yard, including an
arbitrary of $0.10 per cubic yard for plant. This work is in the
Central division, but is being performed by the fifth division, chief
engineer's office.
In the Pacific division 451,631 cubic yards of material were removed
by hydraulic excavation, at an average division cost of $1.0113 per
cubic yard, including an arbitrary of $0.7144 per cubic yard for plant,
as against 900,596 cubic yards last year, at an average division cost
of $0.5564 per cubic yard, including a charge for plant of $0.1027
per cubic yard, so tliat the average operating cost this year was
278
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
$0.2969 per cubic yard, as against $0.4537 last year. The high charge
for plant this year is due to absorbing the balance remaining in the
account into a smaller yardage than was originally contemplated.
Operations ceased in November, 1912.
TABLE NO. 4. MASONRY.
There was a total of 771,907 cubic yards of masonry laid in the
locks, dams, and spillways this ^''ear, as against 1,443,570 cubic j^ards
last year, exclusive of the masonry laid by the first di\dsion in con-
nection with the installation of machines, etc., and that laid in shop
foundations at the Balboa terminals, which appear in another part
of this report. The subjoined table shows location, quantities, kind
of concrete, and average division cost per cubic yard for the two
years :
1913
1912
Location.
Quantities.
Unit cost.
Quantities.
Unit cost.
Atlantic di\ision:
Gatun Spillway-
Cubic yards.
20, 653
1,0G6
$7.8224
13. 9401
Cubic yards.
58,048
618
$7. 0133
15. 1631
Total
21,719
8. 1227
58, 666
7.0988
Gatun Locks:
Plain concrete
137,749
28, 100
6.5383
10. 8230
390,611
59,883
7. 1317
Reenforced concrete .
11.8228
Total
165,849
7. 2794
450,494
7. 7552
Gatun power house ...
5,008
8. 5739
Total Atlantic di vision
192, 636
7. 4086
509. 160
7. 6797
Pacific division:
1,507
5.0240
Pedro Miguel I^ocks:
39,465
18,902
6. 5432
9. 7989
134, 193
48,677
5. 7183
Reenforced concrete .
8. 5195
Total
58,367
7. 5976
182,870
6.4640
Miraflores West Dam
4,403
4. 3330
Miraflores Spillway:
Plain concrete
63,707
435
5. 7550
19. 6000
Reenforced concrete
Total
64,142
5.8497
Miraflores Locks:
Plain concrete
402,607
48, 185
5. 0273
10.8023
729,090
22, 444
4. 5867
10.6388
Total
450,792
5.6445
751,540
4. 7675
Total Pacific division
579,271
5.8529
934,410
5.0995
Total construction divisions
771,907
6.2411
1,443,570
6. 0095
There is included in the above table, in this year's quantities, 531
cubic yards of plain concrete used in the installation of tile ducts at
Gatun Locks, which were reported last year by the division engineer,
Atlantic division.
Plain concrete, with the exception of Gatun Locks, shows increase
over last year, due principally to reduced quantities and the use of
tlEPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
279
a larger ratio of auxiliary mixers. At Gatun Locks, with a decrease
in quantity laid of 252,862 cubic yards, there is a decrease in cost of
$0.5934, principally in cost of stone and sand, in the cost of steel forms
(none were used this year), and in arbitrary for plant, while there is
an increase in the cost of wood forms and of placing. The decrease
in the cost of stone is due to readjustment of price, as revised cross
section of the stock piles showed more stone in storage than was
carried on the books. The decrease in the cost of sand is due to
securing sand from the Pacific division and from the borrow pits at
Gatun instead of at Nombre de Dios. At Miraflores Locks, with a
decrease in quantity laid of 326,489 cubic yards, there is an increase
in cost of plain concrete of $0.4406 per cubic yard, principally in
cement $0.0666, mixing $0.0301, wood forms $0.1297, and placing
$0.2172 per cubic yard. The increase in cost of plain concrete placed
in Gatun Spillway ($0.8091) and in the Pedro Miguel Locks ($0.8249)
is accounted for by the relatively small quantity placed tliis year as
compared with the previous year.
There is included in reenforced concrete at Gatun Locks 568 cubic
yards, average division cost $27.2175 per cubic yard, and at Pedro
Miguel 205 cubic yards, average division cost $39.9884 per cubic yard,
used in the construction of the control houses at these locks.
The cost of reenforced concrete is shown in detail on table No. 4,
and owing to the diversified character of such work explanations of
fluctuations would not be of interest.
TABLE NO. 5. DRY FILLING.
The quantities of dry fiUing placed in the various projects and
the average division cost per cubic yard for the fiscal years 1912 and
1913 were:
Nature of work and location.
1913
Quantities.
Average di-
vision cost,
per cubic
yard.
Quantities.
Average di-
vision cost,
per cubic
yard.
Atlantic division:
Gatun Dam
Gat-iju Spillway, back fill
Gatun Locks-
Back fill
Center wall fill
Fill at south approach wall.
Pacific division:
Pedro Miguel Dam
Pedro Miguel Locks —
Backfill
Center wall fill
Miraflores Dam
Miraflores Locks —
Backfill
Center wall fill
Cm. ydx.
1,812,733
SO. 3551
565, 756
15,872
.3805
.8320
114,117
173,938
193,212
418, 375
979,468
149, 301
.3312
.4642
.3895
.4076
.4068
.5973
Cu. yds.
2,626,447
10,062
922,215
94,574
7,072
321,589
349.275
21,937
425, 125
442, 774
7,912
SO. 5165
.3898
.4615
.7607
.5092
5040
.3535
.9633
.4044
.4174
1. 0126
Based on the quantities reported monthly, the cost of the dry fill
for Gatun Dam shows a decrease of $0.1614 per cubic yard, princi-
pally in the cost of trestles $0.0034, transportation $0.0709, filling
$0.0218, and plant arbitrary $0.0690, no charge appearing this year
for the last item, as all plant had been absorbed into the work at the
280 BEPOKT ISTHMIAN" CANAL COMMISSION.
close of the last fiscal year. The division engineer, however, reports
that the dam has been increased during the year by only 1,714,367
cubic yards of dry fill, which would give a division cost for the year
of $0.3755 per cubic yard; and that there was in place at the end of
the fiscal year a total of 11,578,268 cubic yards of dry fill, with a divi-
sion cost of $4,703,697.35, or $0.4063 per cubic yard, instead of
11,914,944 cubic yards, at an average cost of $0.3948 per cubic yard,
shown on Exhibit A, Table No. 1.
With a decrease of 356,459 cubic yards in quantity of back fill
placed at Gatun Locks, there is a decrease of $0.0810 in the average
cost per cubic yard, principally in tracks and plant arbitrary, no
charge appearing for plant this year, it having been previously
absorbed. The comparatively small quantity of fiUing placed in the
center wall at Gatun this year as compared with last year accounts
for the increase of $0.0713 per cu])ic yard.
Filling at Pedro Miguel Dam, with a decrease of 207,472 cubic
yards in quantity placed, shows a decrease of $0.1728 in average cost
per cubic yard. Tlfis decrease is wholly in charge for plant, which
shows reduction of $0.2608 per cubic yard. At Pedro Miguel Locks,
backfilUng shows a decrease of 175,337 cubic yards, and an increase in
cost of $0.1107 per cubic yard, principally in tracks, transportation,
and filHng; and filling center wall, with an increase in quantity of
171,275 cubic yards, shows a decrease of $0.5738, last year having
included heavy charges for preparatory work.
At Miraflores, the cost of dry filHng the dam and back filHng the
locks fluctuated but slightly, and the decrease in cost of fiUing the
center wall is due to charges for preparatory work last year, fiUing
having only been started in May, 1912.
TABLE NO. 6. HYDRAULIC FILLING.
Based on quantities reported monthly, there was placed in Gatun
Dam 214,718 cubic yards of hydrauhc fill, at an average division cost
of $0.2090 per cubic yard, a decrease in quantity of 2,389,914 cubic
yards, and in cost of $0.1754 per cubic yard, due entirely to credits
for material recovered on completion of the work in September, 1912.
The division engineer, however, reports that the hydrauhc fill has
been increased during the year by only 169,114 cubic yards, on which
basis the cost per cubic yard is $0.2654; and that there was in place
at the close of the fiscal year 10,124,082 cubic yards of hydraulic
fill, with a division cost of $2,969,716.45, so that the cost of hydraulic
fill in place at the close of the year is $0.2933 instead of $0.2768, as
shown in Exliibit A, Table No. 1.
TABLE NO. 8. BREAKWATERS.
During the fiscal year 1913, no filUng for the Colon Breakwater was
secured from Point Toro, that portion of the work having been com-
pleted in June, 1912. There was placed in the breakwater 183,762
cubic yards of large armor rock secured from the Porto Bello quarry,
at an average division cost of $4.8250 per cubic yard. This yardage
is the volume of rock in the bank, as it is ascertained by measuring
the tonnage displacement of the barges in which it is transported.
In 1912, 65,133 cubic yards of this rock was placed in the breakwater,
at an average division cost of $4.3064 per cubic yard. The increased
EEPORT OF COST- KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
281
division cost of $0.5186 per cubic yard is due to increased expense for
placino; $0.2718, and to charging Porto Bello rock with expenses for
trestles and for transportation facilities to Point Toro $0.2986, which
had in previous years been charged to the cost of the rock secured
from Point Toro.
In the Naos Island Breakwater, the central division placed 653,137
cubic yards of material at an average cost of $0.2934 per cubic yard,
which represents the extra cost of dumping material at that point,
and the cost of maintaining the trestle.
TABLE NO. 9. STONE PRODUCTION.
The Ancon quarry alone was operated during the year. The quan-
tity of crushed rock produced and the average cost, during the fiscal
years 1913 and 1912, were:
1913
1912
Crushed stone produced
cubic yards. .
688,301
839,279
$0. 5035
.1232
.0208
$0. 5222
Crushing
. 1314
.0184
. 6475
. 1320
. 6720
.1276
Total cost in storage
.7795
.7996
With a decrease of 150,978 cubic yards in quantity produced, the
average cost of production per cubic yard shows a decrease of $0.0245
per cubic yard, due to decrease in charge for plant owing to increase
m estimates of (quantity to be produced, while drilling and blastmg in
quarry shows increases over last year's costs. Operations at this
quarry were begun in February, 1910, and to the end of the fiscal
year 1913 had produced 2,558,578 cubic yards of crushed rock, at an
average cost of $0.8572 per cubic yard delivered m storage. It is
estimated that about 750,000 cubic yards of crushed rock must stUl
be secured from this quarry. The Porto Bello quarry, which began
operation in March, 1909, and closed down in April, 1912, produced
1,921,929 cubic yards of crushed rock at an average division cost of
$2.4337 per cubic yard delivered m storage at Gatun.
TABLE NO. 10. SAND PRODUCTION.
The quantity of sand secured by the Pacific division at Chame, and
average cost per cubic yard, for the fiscal years 1913 and 1912, were:
1913
1912
Quantity of sand secured
cubic yards. .
445,658
564,837
Dredging
$0. 1775
.1758
.1845
SO 1647
Towing
.1738
Unloading
1722
Cubic yards transported
435, 758
564 837
Rail transportation.*o storage
$0. 1733
$0. 1918
Total cost in storage
.7111
.7025
282 KEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
With a decrease of 119,179 cubic yards m quantity secured, there
was an increase of SO. 0271 in cost of production, due principally to
heavier repairs to the dredge, the tugs, and the barges. Dredging for
sand at Chame was commenced in September, 1909, and to the close
of the fiscal year 1913, 1,741,196 cubic yards had been secured, at an
average cost of $0.7666 per cubic yard delivered in storage. It is
estimated that about 125,000 cubic yards must still be secured from
this source. The pit at Nombre de Dios, on the Atlantic side, was
closed in November, 1911, operations there havmg commenced in
March, 1909. During the period of its operation there was secured
785,893 cubic ^^ards of sand, at an average cost of $1.9176 per cubic
yard delivered in storage at Gatun.
The Atlantic division secured durmg the year 43,851 cubic yards of
sand from the borrow pit for the hydraulic fill at Gatun Dam, at a
division cost of $0.5188 per cubic yard.
TABLE NO. 12. POWER PLANTS.
The power plant at Gatun generated this year 10,315,790 kilowatt
hours, at an average division cost of $0.0146 per kilowatt hour, as
against 16,263,510 kilowatt hours last year, at an average division
cost of $0.0220 per kilowatt hour, a decreased cost of $0.0074 per kilo-
watt hour, due to lower arbitrary for plant, the estimated output of
the plant having been exceeded.
The power plant at Miraflores generated to April 30, when the
operation of the plant was transferred to the mechanical division,
8,841,765 kilowatt hours, at an average division cost of $0.0198 per
kilowatt hour. During the same period last year there was generated
7,526,290 kilowatt hours. Durmg the fiscal year 1912 the plant
generated 9,522,400 kilowatt hours, at an average division cost of
$0.0229 per kilowatt hour, the decreased cost m 1913 being due to
the larger amount generated, and to a reduction of $0.0018 in charge
for plant, owing to output exceeding original estimates.
EXHIBIT C. DETAILED COST TO JUNE 30, 1913.
These tables show the cost to date of the following projects:
Work done by first division:
Table No. 1. Spillway gates, caissons, and macliinery, lock gates and fender
chains, emergency dams, lock-operating macliinery.
Table No. 2. Masonry.
Table No. 3. Operating machinery — permanent power house, Gatun.
Table No. 4. Electric transmission line and accessories.
Table No. 5. Lighting and buoying the canal.
Work done by second division:
Table No. 6. Cristobal terminals.
Table No. 7. Balboa terminals.
Miscellaneous:
Table No. 8. Permanent town sites.
Table No. 9. Permanent buildings.
The cost of these various projects is being carried from year to
year, and these tables give the total costs from the inception of the
work to date.
Attention is invited to the heavy charge for construction tracks
under "Lock gates, Gatun," as compared with a similar charge at
Pedro Mguel and JVIiraflores. This is in a measure due to the fact
REPORT OF COST- KEEPING ACCOUNTANT. 283
that when the erection of the gates was commenced at the former point
tlie Athmtic division was further advanced with its construction work
than was the Pacific division at Pedro Miguel and Miraflores, so that
the gates at Gatun bore a heavier proportion of expenses for general
tracks than at the other two points, where construction work was at
its height.
The items "Mechanical erection" and "Installation" under "Erec-
tion of lock and spillway operating machines, etc.," are the direct
labor and material costs, exclusive of the contract price of the ma-
chines, etc., which is shown as a separate item. Incidental expenses,
such as freight charges, handling, power, tools, etc., are included under
caption "mscellaneous expenses." Wlien the work is completed the
total cost under each class of machine, divided by the number of
machines erected, will give the average cost per machine, but as
long as the work is in progress direct labor cost alone is of value, as
the contract payments cover more machines than those on which
work is in progress, and expenses under "Miscellaneous expenses"
are common to machines whose erection has not been started. The
number of each class of machines to be erected at each lock and the
percentage completed on June 30 is shown in Table No. 4. No
machine was completed, tested, and accepted on that date.
The number of linear feet of return track laid by the construction
divisions at the various locks and the average cost per linear foot
have been as follows: At Gatun 10,527, average cost $1.3261 ; at Pedro
Miguel 4,333, average cost $1.1065; at Miratiores 5,925, average cost
$2.5637. The number of linear feet of return track laid by the first
division at the various locks and the average cost per linear foot
have been: At Gatun 1,449, cost $1.9273; at Pedro Miguel, 2,043,
cost $2.3678; at Mii-aflores 1,082, cost $0.6085.
The number of linear feet of track with rack installed by the first
division and the average cost per linear foot have been: At Gatun
21,000, cost $2.3128; at Pedro Miguel 12,199, cost $2.0180; at Mu-a-
flores 14,137, cost $1.2291. There was expended at Gatun $3,480.92
for chipping rack teeth ; no similar work was done at the other locks.
The number of linear feet of cable pulled through the conduits at
the various locks and the average cost per linear foot for direct labor
have been: At Gatun 329,387, cost $0.0312; at Pedro Miguel 106,168,
cost $0.0596; at Mkaflores 59,605, cost $0.0235.
Concrete laid by the first division in connection with the erection/
of operating macliines, towing tracks, and decldng totaled on June 30,
1913, 36,710 cubic yards, as follows: At Gatun Locks 16,706 cubic
yards, average di\dsion cost $13.4124 per cubic yard; at Pedro Miguel
Locks 10,190 cubic yards, average division cost $12.1460 per cubic
yard; at Miraflores Locks 9,814 cubic yards, average division cost
$11.3013 per cubic yard.
Work on the electric transmission line and accessories was only
started in May, and was not sufficiently advanced at the close of the
year to furnish unit costs.
The classification for the erection of the aids to navigation was
revised during the year, and cost of each tower and project is shown
in detaU in table No. 5. The large amount carried under "Material
on hand" covers the cost of gas buoys which have not yet been placed
in position.
284 REPORT ISTHMIAlSr CANAL COMMISSION.
For the Cristobal terminal facilities the only projects commenced
were the fuel-oU storage tanks at Mount Hope, on which $13,063.59
had been expended to the close of the fiscal year; and preliminary
work for dredging site of coal-handling plant at CVistobal, such as
clearing, drilling, and blasting, on which $1,424.55 was expended
during the month of June.
Work on the terminal facilities at Balboa was commenced during
the fiscal year 1912, and the following is a summary of the quantities
accomplished, division cost and unit cost, up to the close of the fiscal
year 1913:
In preliminary work, general surveys, etc., there had been expended
$28,428.69; in preparing the site, removal of buildings, tracks, etc.,
there had been expended $167,627.26. There had been excavatecl
412,707 cubic yards of material, at a cost of $231,957.57, or $0.5620
per cubic yard. In filling and grading 505,419 cubic yards of mate-
rial had been used, at a cost of $201,764.07, or $0.3992 per cubic yard,
and in arrangements of yards and tracks $15,051.61 had been ex-
pended.
During the fiscal year 1912, 370,607 cubic yards were dredged from
the inner harbor, at an average division cost of $0.1580 per cubic
yard; in 1913, 1,401,207 cubic yards were dredged, at a division cost
of $0.1538 per cubic yard, a total to date of 1,771,814 cubic yards,
at an average division cost of $0.1547 per cubic yard. Of the above
quantity 1,080,700 cubic 3^ards were handled by a pipe-line suction
dredge and used in reclaiming land between Diablo Hill, Ancon, and
Balboa, necessitating the use of a relay pump and extra pipe line, at
an additional expense of $46,957.65, or $0.0435 per cubic yard, which
is included in total division cost above quoted.
On main dry dock there had been expended $19,660.27 for pre-
liminary work, such as designing, surveys, etc., and 145,478 cubic
yards of material had been excavated, at a cost of $123,087.95, or
$0.8461 per cubic yard, and $756.25 had been expended on ironwork.
On the coaling plant $2,272.75 had been expended for designing,
survevs, etc., and 58,221 cubic yards of material had been excavated,
at a cost of $49,260.40, or $0.8461 per cubic vard.
On the sea wall $2.73 had been expended in surveys.
On the permanent shops $40,402.13 had been expended in prehmi-
nary work, such as clearing, designing, surveying, etc.; $201,757.21
on foundations; $4,781.69 on floors;"$15,706.86 on steel erection;
$1,959.80 on superstructure and roofs; $5,467.55 on installation of
machinery; and $5,176.81 on miscellaneous items. In preparing
the foundations 29,684 cubic yards of excavation had been accom-
plished, at a division cost of $1.5607 per cubic yard; 7,787 cubic yards
of concrete had been placed, at a division cost of $9.2091 per cubic
yard; 135,442 hnear feet of wood piles and 3,060 linear feet of con-
crete piles had been driven, at a division cost of $0.4820 and $3.2358
per hnear foot, respectively; 315 feet of 4-foot steel cylinders had been
driven, at a division cost of $14.9252 per linear foot; and 4,338 cubic
yards of back fill had been placed, at an average division cost of
$0.7619. The expenditures by buildings had been:
EEPOKT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT. 285
Preliminary work, general $30, 579. 91
Steel erection, general 14,450. 25
Machine and erecting shop 34, 627. 76
Forge shop 8, 492. 48
Steel storage shed 8, 974. 95
Boiler and ship fitters' shop 18, 665. 57
General storehouse 43, 693. 34
Paint shop 9, 869. 00
Car shop 4, 000. 37
Planing mill 9, 738. 08
Galvanizing building 1, 810. 24
Lumber and equipment shed 15, 174. 99
Pattern-storage room 6, 671. 04
Foundry 22, 555. 26
Coke shed 1, 580. 26
Boiler house 75. 93
Roundhouse 10, 163. 70
Gas house 185. 70
Toilets 128.36
Paint house 11. 53
Main office 171. 01
Tunnel 33,632.32
Total 275, 252. 05
The steel for these buildings is being erected by the contractors,
and when the work is completed the cost will be apportioned to the
various buildings on the basis of tonnage.
In constructing the docks there had been expended for preliminary
work, such as surveys, borings, etc., $29,113.77; there had been exca-
vated for the concrete piers 28,834 cubic yards of material, at a cost
of $79,807.36, or $2.7678 per cubic yeard; 9,446 cubic yards of con-
crete caissons had been manufactured and placed on site, at a cost
of $121,124.81, or $12.8228 per cubic yard; and 3,914 cubic yards of
concrete had been placed in these caissons, at a cost of $28,752.54,
or $7.3461 per cubic yard. At the close of the fiscal year 12.435 linear
feet of caissons were in place, at a cost, including excavation, of
$18.4708 per hnear foot. In preliminary work in connection with
the concrete floor system $30,379.91 had been expended for forms,
reenforcements, etc., though no concrete had yet been placed, and
$1,977.26 had been expended for miscellaneous items. On fu-el-oil-
storage tanks $2,676.18 had been expended.
In preparing the permanent town site at Balboa $45,807.55 had
been expended, and on that at La Boca for silver employees $6,651.22.
At the close of the fiscal year 1913 the administration building was
the only permanent building in course of construction, except the
shop buildings, which are carried under "Terminal faciUties." There
had been expended on this building $32,976.61. In preparation of
foundations and in grading site 38,073 cubic yards of material had
been excavated, at an average division cost of $0.5654, and 770 cubic
yards of concrete had been laid in the foundations, at an average
division cost of $12.8646 per cubic yard. There had also been charged
to the account ''Permanent buildings" $20,445.51 for architects' fees
and for designing, and $2,496.64 for value of wooden buildings trans-
ferred from Gorgona to La Boca for use of silver employees.
286 KEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
EXHIBIT D. PERFORMANCE SHEETS.
TABLE NO. 4. ROCK CRUSHER.
A comparative summary of tlie performance of the rock-crushing
plant at Ancon for the fiscal years 1913 and 1912 is given in the fol-
lowing table:
Hours in service
Hours at work
Cubic yards stone produced
Average number cubic yards per hour in service
Average number cubic yards per hour at work. .
Per cent of working time to hours in service
2,988.00
2,278.11
676,374.00
226. 36
296.90
76.24
1912
3,315.00
2,383.78
837,908.00
252. 76
351.50
71.91
The Porto Bello quarry was not operated during the year.
TABLE NO. 3. UNLOADING PLANT.
The unloading cableways at Gatun were only operated to unload
sand secured from the hydraulic fill borrow pits and to reclaim sand
at the stock pile, and no reports of performance were prepared. A
comparative statement of the work of the unloading cranes at Balboa
for the fiscal years 1913 and 1912 follows:
1913
Average number operated
Total unit hoius la service •.
Total unit hours at work
CubiQ yards material handled
Average number of cubic yards material handled per hour in service
Average number of cubic yards material handled per hour at work. .
Per cent of working time to hours in service
1.96
4,698.00
2,938.00
445,658.00
94.86
151.69
62.54
1912
2.00
4,872.00
3,499.50
564,837.00
115.94
161.41
71.83
MIXING PLANTS.
A comparison of the work done by the mixing plants in the Atlantic
and Pacific divisions durmg the fiscal years 1913 and 1912 follows:
Atlantic division, Table No. 1.
Construction plant.
Average number mixers in use
Total hours in service
Total hours at work
Cubic yards concrete mixed —
Average number of cubic yards of concrete mixed yvt hour in service.
Average number of cubic yards of concrete mixed per hour at work. . .
Per cent of working time to hours in service
2.50
6,522.94
2,765.91
165,839.00
25.42
59.95
42.40
4.30
13,453.06
5,794.30
343,364.00
25.52
59.26
43.07
REPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
Pacific division, Tables Nos. 5, 6, and 7.
287
Pedro Miguel Locks,
auxiliary plant.
Average number of mixers m use
Total hours in service
Total hours at work
Cubic yards concrete mixed
Average number cubic yards concrete
mixed per hour in service
Average number cubic yards concrete
mixed per hour at work
Per cent working time to hours in
service
19131
1.00
390. 00
177. 50
5,835
14.94
32. 8V
45. 45
2.14
5, 844. 50
3, .391. 67
122, 497
20.96
36.12
58.03
Miraflores Locks.
Berm cranes.
1913
6.07
17, 280. 26
8, 163. 19
308,914
17.88
37.84
47.24
6.55
19, 287. 99
10, 763. 85
409,651
21.24
38.06
55.80
Auxiliary mixers.
19132
2.06
2, 180. 50
1, 423. 56
97,603
44.76
68.56
65.29
1912
2.09
6,291.00
3,820.85
253,450
40.29
66.33
60.74
■ To Aug. 17 only.
2 To Oct. 26 only.
The above tables do not include the performance of small mixers,
which worked intermittently during the year.
TABLES NOS. 2, 7, AND 8. PLACING PLANTS.
A comparative statement of the work done by the placing plants
m the Atlantic and Pacific divisions follows:
Atlantic division,
cableway strands.
Pacific division, Miraflores.
Chamber cranes.
Berm cranes.
Average number operated
Total number hours in service
Total number hours handling con-
crete
Total number hours handling steel,
forms, etc
Cubic yards concrete and other ma-
terial handled
Average number of cubic yards of
concrete and material handled per
hour in that work
Per cent of working time to hours in
service
1913
7.83
21,381.01
5, 530. 15
4, 738. 69
158, 262
28.62
48.03
8.00
25, 404. 60
9,840.53
4,514.33
309,534
31.46
56.51
1913
3.83
11,937.50
6,025.02
876.24
310,494
51.53
57.81
2.48
7,486.96
4, 143. 23
674. 17
241, 862
58.38
64.34
1913
3.24
9, 275. 50
4, 362. 85
252.83
308,914
70.81
49.76
1912
3.58
10,502.00
5, 827. 31
683.86
409,651
70.30
62.00
EXHIBIT E. ADMINISTRATIVE AND GENERAL EXPENSES.
Administrative and general expenses were :
During the fiscal year 1913 ^o' ^o?' ?S" S
During the fiscal year 1912 2, ZZ7, 157. b»
An increase of 11^' ^1'^- ^^
Or 5.10 per cent.
The principal items of increase were: General expenses on the
Isthmus, $19,282.76, due principally to transfer of cost-keepmg
accounts to Chief Engineer's office and to additional expense for
permanent files division; canal record, S3,254.35, due to increase in
size of certain issues; disbursing officers on Isthmus and in the Umted
288 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
States, $2,609.86 and $2,799.87, respectively; examiner of accounts
on Isthmus, $35,411.59, principally due to expenses of time keeping
from January to June, formerly borne by the divisions; operation of
stores, $41,326.31, in switching and crane service from other depart-
ments and in freight charges; recruiting and repatriating, $11,862.04,
there being more employees recruited m the United States, and greater
expenditures for repatriating employees who had served two years or
more; quarters, $32,966.94, due to shifting of force from one station
to another, freight charges, and to larger number of persons in quar-
ters; operations docks and wharves, $17,612.40, due to handling over
dock a large quantity of heavy material for locks, operating machinery,
etc. These increases are partially offset by decreases in the following
items: General administrative expenses, $9,723.27, expenses of draft-
ing and designing forces formerly charged to this account being now
charged dii'ectly to project benefited; Isthmian Canal Commission
band, $3,713.15, the band being abolished February 28; miscellaneous
general expenses in the United States, $5,940.39, there being heavy
charges last year for services of Special Commissioner Emory R.
Johnson; telegraph and telephones, $38,335.52, due to decrease in
monthly payments to the Panama Railroad Co. for this service; pur-
chasing expenses in the United States, $2,447.74.
EXHIBIT F. SALARY DISBURSEMENTS BY DEPARTMENTS AND DIVISIONS.
The Congress appropriates separately for ' ' Pay of officers and em-
ployees" and for "Skilled and unskilled labor." Disbursements from
these appropriations by the department of construction and engmeer-
ing for the year 1913 totaled $18,393,000.15, against $17,673,385.61
in 1912. During 1913, 19.75 per cent of the amount disbursed was
from the appropriation "Officers and employees" and 80.25 per cent
from the appropriation for "Skilled and unskilled labor," the pro-
portion for 1912 having been 20.55 per cent and 79.45 per cent,
respectively.
From the appropriation ''Pay of officers and employees" are paid
the salaries of the clerical and supervisory forces, so that the dis-
bursements therefrom are in the nature of a surcharge on the pro-
ductive salary expenditures, represented by the disbursements from
the appropriation "Skilled and unskilled labor." In 1913 the dis-
bursements from appropriation "Officers and employees" equaled a
surcharge of 24.61 per cent on the disbursements from appropriation
"Skilled and unskilled labor"; and in 1912 of 25.86 per cent, indi-
cating a saving in clerical and supervisory forces of $184,779.53.
Appended hereto are the exhibits referred to in this report.
Respectfully submitted.
Ad. Faure,
Cost Keeping Accountant,
Col. George W. Goethals, U. S. Army,
Chairman and Chief Engineer, Culehra, Canal Zone.
REPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT. 289
EXHIBITS SUBMITTED WITH ANNUAL REPORT OF COST-KEEPING
ACCOUNTANT.
INDEX. _
Page.
Exhibit A. Statement of construction expenditures to June 30, 1913:
Table 1. Atlantic division -
Table 2. Central division 298
Table 3. Pacific division.. .
Table 4. Terminal tacilities, Balboa ^"
Table 5 Miscellaneous and total - - - - I'/'y-'^-' '''
Exhibit B Detail cost per unit of work by months for construction divisions,
fiscal year 1913:
Table 1. Dry excavation—
Atlantic division — .,-,.• on?
Gatun Spillway— Preparing foundations ^u/
Gatun Locks— Excavation _. ^"^
Gatun Locks— Preparing foundations ^^^
Permanent power house, Gatun— Excavation . ....... 6m
Permanent power house, Gatun— Preparing foundations. 308
Central division— Prism
Pacific division — oqq
Pedro iiiguei Locks— Excavation. ---.--. 310
Pedro Miguel Locks— Preparing foundations 6i\J
Miraflores Locks— Preparing foundations ^|y
Pedro Miguel Dam— Excavation ^||
Miraflores West Dam— Excavation -. ^!^^
Mh-aflores East Dam and Spillway— Excavation 6i^
Table 2. Dredging excavation —
Atlantic division — „, „
Prism ......-.--•--------•-""*"*"■*""■**"'*"'*'
Gatun Locks— Dredging _- ^12
Gatun Locks— Preparing foundations ^|^
Pacific division— Prism
Table 3. HydrauUc excavation — „,„
Central division— Pnsm ^|^
Pacific division— Prism "^^^
Table 4. Masonry-
Atlantic division— „,,
Gatun Spillway ^|^
Gatun Locks ^, „
Permanent power house "'■'•"
Pacific division — 01 ^
Pedro Miguel Dam ^j^
Pedro Miguel Locks ^|'
Miraflores Locks ^,^
Mu-aflores West Dam ^|^
Miraflores Spillway "^^^
Table 5. Dry filling-
Atlantic division — ^-i
Gatun Dam ^^|
Gatun Locks— Backfill - ^^|
Gatun Locks— Filhng center wall <3^i
Pacific division — 099
Pedro Miguel Dam - ^^f,
Pedro Miguel Locks— Backfill - ^^^
Pedro Miguel Locks— Filhng center wall ^^^
Miraflores Dam ^^^
Miraflores Locks— Backfill - ■ ^;^
Miraflores Locks— Filhng center wall -^"^
Table 6. Hydraulic filhng— oo.
Atlantic division— Gatun Dam , '^^^
Table 7. Piling for foundations — „^c
Atlantic division— Gatun Locks ^-^
Pacific division— Mh-aflores Locks -^^'^
11834°— 13 19
290
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit B. Detail cost per unit of work by months for construction divisions,
fiscal year 1913 — Continued.
Table 8. Breakwaters — Page.
Atlantic division — Colon Breakwater 326
Table 9. Stone production —
Pacific division — Ancon quarry 327
Table 10. Sand production —
Atlantic division — Gatun 328
Pacific division — Chame 329
Table 11. Operation power plants '. 330
Exhibit C. Detailed cost of work done by first and second divisions, and on
permanent town sites and buildings, to June 30, 1913:
First division —
Table 1. Gates, emergency dams, and operating machinery 331
Table 2. Masonry 340
Table 3. Operating machinery — Permanent power house, Gatun 342
Table 4. Electric transmission lines and accessories 342
Table 5. Lighting and buoying the canal 343
Second division —
Table 6. Terminal facihties, Cristobal 353
Table 7. Terminal facihties, Balboa 354
Miscellaneous — •
Table 8. Permanent town sites 360
Table 9. Permanent buildings 361
Exhibit D. Performance of crushed rock, sand, and concrete producing and
handhng plants:
Atlantic division —
Table 1. Construction plant mixers, Gatun 362
Table 2. Locks, cableway, towers, Gatun 363
Pacific division —
Table 3. Sand unloading cranes, Balboa 364
Table 4. Ancon qrarry 365
Table 5. Auxihary mixers, Pedro Miguel 366
Table 6. Ai:xihary mixers, Mrraflores 366
Table 7. Berm cranes, Miraflores 367
Table 8. Chamber cranes, Miraflores 368
Exhibit E. Comparative statement of administrative and general expenses. . . 369
Exhibit F. Statement of salary disbursements by departments and divisions,
and by appropriations 369
Exhibit A.— Statement of Construction Expenditures to June 30, 1913.
Table 1.— Statement of construction expenditures to June SO, 1913.
ATLANTIC DIVISION.
Quanti-
ties.
Total division ex-
penses, including
arbitraries for
plant.
Administrative and
general expenses.
Total cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Amount.
Unit,
cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Dry excavation— Prism:
May 4, 1904, to June
30, 1909
Cu. yd.1.
1, 152, 105
324, 7ir.
280,305
424,872
$673, 330. 97
201,916.36
168.440.60
2.52,886.45
13,910.16
$0. 5844
.6218
.6010
.5952
$102,017.26
24, 985. 55
13,946.79
17, 265. 97
80. 0886
.0770
.0497
.0406
$775,348.23
226,901.91
182,387.39
270, 152. 42
13,910.16
80. 6730
Fisral voir 1910
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal vcar 191?
FisfalVcar 1913
.6988
.6507
.(i358
Total to June 30, 1913
2,181,998
1,310,484.54
.6006
158,215.57
.0725
1,468,700.11
.6731
Hydraulic excavation-
Prism:
Fiscal vcar 1911
Fiscal year 1912
28,605
1,000
7,721.28
2,597.59
. 2699
2. 5976
1,143.49
208. 96
.0400
.2090
8,864.77
2,806.55
.3099
2. 8066
Total to June .■!0,191.'l
29, 605
10,318.87
.3485
1,352.45
^ :
.0457
11,671.32
.3942
REPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
291
Exhibit A. — Statement op Construction Expenditures to June 30, 1913 — Contd.
Table 1 . — Statement of construction expenditures to June SO, 1913 — Continued.
ATLANTIC DIVISION— Continued.
Quanti-
ties.
Total division ex-
penses, including
arbitraries for
plant.
Administrative and
general expenses.
Total cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Amount.
Unit,
cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Dredging excavation,
prism:
May 4, 1904, to June
30, 1909
Cu. yds.
13, 188, 123
4,955,660
5,828,-345
4,870,827
6,483,408
82,654,951.70
1, 169, 667. 60
1,291,257.03
1,208,226.15
1,356,771.78
$0. 2013
.2.360
.2215
.2481
.2093
$273, 425. 93
131,370.17
126,902.35
100,928.48
108, .556. 23
$0. 0207
.0265
.0218
.0207
.0107
$2,928,377.63
1,301,0.37.77
1,418,159.38
1,309,154.63
1,465,328.01
$0. 2220
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
.2625
.2433
.2(i88
.2260
Total to June 30,1913
Plant, amount to be
absorbed after June
30 1913
35,326,363
7,680,874.26
93,373.02
.2174
741, 183. 16
.0210
8,422,057.42
93,373.02
.2384
Total
7,774,247.28
741, 183. 16
8,515,430.44
GATUN SPILLWAY.
Dry excavation:
May 4, 1904, to June
30, 1909
1,296,3.32
122,487
125,383
778,514.20
117,945.47
51,014.89
.6006
.9629
.4069
127,355.38
15,460.31
5,890.34
.0982
.1262
.0470
905,869.58
133,405.78
56,905.23
.6988
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
1. 0891
. 4539
Total to June .30,1913
1,544,202
947,474.56
.6136
148,706.03
.0963
1,096,180.59
.7099
Preparing; foundations:
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal vear 1912
Fiscal year 1913
4,723
32,245
7, 123
175
18, 632. 78
48,521.10
18,804.83
418. 48
3. 9451
1. 5048
2.6400
2. 3913
2, 732. 07
5,893.94
1,882.79
132. 54
.5785
.1828
.2643
.7574
21,364.85
54,41.5.04
20,687.62
551.02
4. 5236
1. 6876
2. 9043
3.1487
Total to June 30,1913
44,260
86,377.19
1. 9513
10,641.34
.2404
97,018.53
2. 1917
Masonry:
Concrete, plain-
May 4, 1904, to
June .30, 1909....
Fiscal year 1910...
Fiscal year 1911...
Fiscal year 1912...
Fiscal year 1913...
30,464
53,632
59,651
58,048
20,653
223,203.73
461,338.27
399,925.98
407, 108. 10
161,556.53
7.3268
8. 6019
6. 7044
7. 0133
7. 8224
20,565.26
27,380.14
16,875.75
23,825.85
17,838.63
. 6751
.5105
.2829
.4105
.8637
243,768.99
488,718.41
416,801.73
430,933.95
179,395.16
8. 0019
9. 1124
6. 9873
7. 4238
8.6861
Total to June
30,1913
222,448
1,653,132.61
7. 4315
106, 485. 63
.4787
1,759,618.24
7.9102
Concrete, reenforced—
Fiscal year 1912...
Fiscal year 1913...
618
1,066
9,370.80
14,860.14
15. 1631
13. 9401
704.30
2,033.54
1. 1396
1. 9076
10,075.10
16,893.68
16. 3027
15.8477
Total to June
30,1913
1,684
24,230.94
14.3889
2,737.84
1.6258
26,968.78
16. 0147
Total masonry.
224, 132
1,677,363.55
7.4838
109,223.47
.4873
1,786,587.02
7.9711
Ironwork:
Fiscal year 1910
346. 26
16,869.54
80,153.39
33,921.54
41.60
2,573.79
14, 133. 29
6,996.03
387.86
19,443.33
94,286.68
40,917.57
Fiscal vear 1911
Fiscal year 1912 .
Fiscal year 1913...
Total to June 30,1913
131,290.73
23,744.71
155,035.44
Gates:
Fiscal year 1912
29,981.71
43,750.51
29,981.71
46, 489. 12
Fiscal year 1913
2,738.61
Total to June 30,1913
73,732.22
2,738.61
76, 470. 83
292 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit A. — Statement or Construction Expenditures to June 30, 1913 — Contd.
Table 1. — Statevient of construction expenditures to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
ATLANTIC DIVISION— Continued.
Quajati-
ties.
Total division ex-
penses, including
arbitraries for
plant.
Administrative and
general expenses.
Total cost.
Amormt.
Unit
cost.
Amount.
Unit.
cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
GATUN SPILLWAY— contd.
Operating machinery:
Fiscal year 1913 (total)..
Cu. yds.
$91, 122. 95
$1,641.34
,1592,764.29
Back fillinf;:
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
1,781
12,873
10,062
1,005.69
6,220.54
3,921.88
$0. 5(i47
. 4832
.3898
93. 55
773. 45
441. 07
$0. 0525
. 0601
.0438
1, 099. 24
6, 993. 99
4,362.95
$9. 0172
.5433
.4336
Total to June 30,1913
24,716
11, 148. 11
.4511
1,308.07
.0529
12,456.18
.5040
Total Gatun Spill-
way
3,018,509.31
298,003.57
3,316,512.88
GATUN DAM.
Dredging excavation:
May 4, 1904, to June 30,
1909 (total)
38,425
18,322.71
.4769
1,718.48
.0447
20, 041. 19
.5216
Dry filling:
May 4, 1904, to June
30, 1909
2,244,622
2,555,197
2,67.5,945
2,626,447
1,812,7.33
927,319.57
757,828.15
1,018,351.43
1,356,471.78
643,726.42
.4131
. 2966
.3806
.5165
.3551
181,339.46
87,078.24
76,382.58
94,331.18
56,392.04
.0808
.0340
.0285
.0359
.0311
1,108,659.03
844,906.39
1,094,7.34.01
1,450,802.96
700,118.46
.4939
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
. 3306
.4091
.5524
.3862
Total to June 30,1913
11,914,944
4,703,697.35
.3948
495,523.50
.0416
5,199,220.85
.4364
Hydraulic filling:
May 4, 1904, to June
30, 1909
720,047
2, 933, 175
4,256,393
2,604,632
214,718
162,553.19
786, 641. 96
974,230.44
1,001,405.34
44,885.52
.2258
.2682
.2289
.3844
.2090
34,540.85
59.910.57
771572.23
52,407.82
9,521.55
.0479
.0204
.0182
.0201
.0444
197,094.04
846,552.53
1,051,802.67
1,053,813.16
54,407.07
.2737
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
.2886
.2471
.4045
.2534
Total to June 30,191:;
10,728,965
2,969,716.45
.2768
233,953.02
.0218
3, 203, 669. 47
.2986
Paving:
Excavation, fiscal year
1913 (total) . . .
15,078
68,730
15,740
31,704.98
45, 181. 42
38, 620. 09
2. 1027
.4429
2. 4536
3,850.80
2,204.24
2,032.83
. 2554
.0215
.1292
35,555.78
47,385.66
40,652.92
2. 3581
Placing riprap, fiscal
year 1913 (total)....
Placing broken stone,
fiscal year 1913
(total)
.4644
2. 5828
Total paving
115,506.49
8,087.87
123,594.36
Surfacing (square
yards), fiscal year
1913 (total)
225,460
4,756.90
.0211
570. 40
. 0025
5,327.30
. 0236
Total Gatun Dam..
7,811,999.90
739,853.27
8,551,853.17
Total Gatun Dam
and Spillway
10,830,509.21
1,037,850.84
11, 868, .366. 05
Plant, overcharge to be
adjusted on comi)le-
296,447.67
296,447.67
Total
10,535,061.64
1,037,856.84
11,572,918.48
REPORT OP COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
298
Exhibit A. — Statement op Construction Expenditures to June 30, 1913 — Contd.
Table 1. — Statement of construction expenditures to June SO, 1913 — Continued.
ATLANTIC DIVISION— Continued.
Quanti-
ties.
Total division ex-
penses, including
arbitraries for
plant.
Administrative and
general expenses.
Total cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Amount.
Unit,
cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
GATUN LOCKS.
Dry excavation:
May 4, 1904, to June
30, 1909
Cu. yds.
3, 240, 218
839,302
475,875
$1,729,279.35
087, 602. 40
338, 332. 43
3,337.87
63,229.80
$0.5337
.8193
.7110
$217,726.78
73,991.47
37,019.15
$0. 0072
.0881
.0778
$1,947,006.13
701,593.87
375,351.58
3,337.87
68,217.19
$0.6009
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
.9074
.7888
Fiscal year 1913
104,660
. 0041
4,987.33
.0477
. 6518
Total to June 30,1913
4,660,055
2,815,106.17
.6041
333,724.73
.0716
3,148,830.90
.6757
Drecle;in? excavation:
May 4, 1904, to June
30, 1909
488,533
79,978.05
2, 999. 32
276,568.07
166,461.53
.1637
'".'3129
.4329
9,427.51
305.94
11,570.12
14,600.71
.0193
"".'oisi
.0380
89,406.16
3,305.26
288, 144. 19
181,01 8. 24
. 1830
Fiscal vear 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
. 883,918
384, 526
. 3200
.4709
Total to June 30,1913
1,756,977
526,007.57
.2994
35,916.28
.0204
561,923.85
.3198
Preparing foundations:
Excavation-
Fiscal year 1910...
Fiscal year 1911...
Fiscal year 1912. . .
Fiscal year 1913...
33,843
152,582
8,888
33,0*33
85,109.77
237,098.48
26,307.20
56,246.52
2.5148
1.5540
2.9598
1.7012
13,392.73
27, 640. 92
2,207.51
5,995.89
0.3957
.1811
.2484
.1813
98,502.50
204,739.40
28,514.71
62,242.41
2.9105
1.7351
3.2082
1. 8825
Total to June 30,
1913
228,376
404,761.97
1.7723
49,237.05
.2156
453,999.02
1 9879
Dredging, fiscal year
1913 (total) ....
19,814
36,581.03
1.8462
3, 139. 47
.1585
39,720.50
2 0047
Filling, approach
walls-
Fiscal year 1910...
17,883
22,234
1,544
10,607.43
4, 239. 79
1,161.41
.5932
.1907
.7522
10,607.43
4, 619. 30
1,287.74
.5932
Fiscal year 1911...
Fiscal year 1913...
379.51
126.33
.0171
.0818
.2078
.8340
Total to June 30,
1913
41,661
16,008.63
.3843
505.84
.0121
16,514.47
3964
Concrete piling, ap-
proach walls (linear
feet)—
Fiscal year 1911...
Fiscal year 1912...
Fiscal year 1913...
8,190
75, 474
18, 129. 46
113,389.34
3,833.00
2. 2120
1.5032
635.29
2,418.27
.0775
.0320
18,764.75
115,807.61
3,833.00
2.2895
1.5352
Total to June 30,
1913
83,670
135,351.80
1.6177
3,053.56
.0365
138,405.36
1 6542
Wooden piling, ap-
proach walls (linear
feet)—
Fiscal year 1912...
Fiscal year 1913...
51,450
200,549
33,525.15
110,389.05
.6516
.5504
4,345.26
16,353.33
.0845
.0816
37,870.41
126, 742. 38
.7361
.6320
Total to June 30,
1913
251,999
143,914.20
.5711
20,698.59
.0821
164,612.79
6532
Masonry:
Concrete, plain-
May 4, 1904, to
June 30, 1909
15,093.59
3,779,163.81
5,952,003.08
2,785,709.13
900,643.05
"'7.' 3553
6.5919
7.1317
6.5383
2,054.67
204,596.95
199,380.61
103,230.79
55,186.28
'"."3983
.2208
.2643
.4006
17, 148. 26
3,983,760.76
6,151,383.69
2,888,939.92
955,820.33
Fiscal year 1910. . .
Fiscal year 1911...
Fiscal year 1912...
Fiscal year 1913. . .
513,803
902,926
390,611
137,749
7. 7535
6. 8127
7. 3960
6.9389
Total to June 30,
1913
1,945,089
13,432,612.66
6.9059
564,449.30
.2902
13,997,061.96
7 1961
294
BEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Ejxhibit a. — Statement op Construction Expenditures to June 30, 1913 — Contd.
Table 1. — Statement of construction expenditures to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
ATLANTIC DIVISION— Continued.
Quanti-
ties.
Total division ex-
penses, including
arbitraries for
plant.
Administrative and
general expenses.
Total cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Amount.
Unit,
cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
GATUN LOCKS— contd.
Masonry— Continued .
Concrete, leenforced—
Fiscal year 1911...
Fiscal year 1912. . .
Fiscal year 1913. . .
Cu. yds.
8,211
59,883
27,532
$102,216.13
707,983.96
291,183.85
$12.4487
11.8228
10.5762
$9,261.28
50,105.37
32, 140. 82
$1. 1279
.8367
1. 1674
$111,477.41
758,089.33
323,324.67
$13.5766
12. 6595
11.7436
Total to June 30,
1913..
95,626
1,101,383.94
11.5176
91,507.47
.9569
1,192,891.41
12 4745
Total masonry. .
2,040,715
14,533,996.60
7. 1220
655,956.77
.3214
15,189,953.37
7.4434
Ironwork:
Fiscal year 1910
226,554.37
593,807.35
337,786.43
76,202.24
26,112.31
87,802.13
42,566.42
38,640.85
252,666.68
681,609.48
380,352.85
37,561.39
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
Total to June 30,1913
1,234,350.39
117, 840. 01
1,352,190.40
Gates and fender chains:
Fiscal year 1911
40,586.48
868,144.22
1,320,190.55
5,999.82
107, 052. 85
47,180,95
46,586.30
975,197.07
1,273,009.60
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
Total to June 30,1913
2,228,921.25
65,871.72
2,294,792.97
Emergency dams, fiscal
year 1913 (total)
816, 184. 77
6,493.97
822,678.74
Operating machinery:
Fiscal year 1912
531,793.93
1,836,370.15
22,043.38
72,778.48
553,837.31
1,909,148.63
Fiscal year 1913
Total to June 30,1913
2,368,164.08
94,821.86
2,462,985.94
Concrete in machinery
installation, fiscal year
1913 (total)
16,706
224,068.56
13.4124
21,632.01
1.2949
245,700.57
14 7073
Control house:
Masonry, fiscal year
1913 (total)
568
15,459.54
3,511.28
20.84
27.2175
1,254.40
62.29
2.2085
16,713.94
3,573.57
20.84
29 4260
Ironwork and miscel-
laneous, fiscal year
1913 (total)
Machinery installa-
tion, fiscal year 1913
(total)
Total control
house
18,991.06
1,316.69
20,308.35
Buffer timbers, fiscal year
1913 (total)
8,946.40
10,479.86
614.25
817.22
9,560.65
11,297.08
Crib fenders, fiscal year
1913 (total)
Back flU:
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
4,190
5a5,669
922,215
565,756
4,811.52
284,221.51
425,013.92
215,314.33
1.1483
.5307
.4615
.3805
388.29
29,446.89
36, 760. 53
25,498.27
.0927
.0549
. 0399
.0451
5, 199. 81
313,668.40
462,380.45
240,812.60
1.2410
.5856
.5014
.4256
Total to June 30,1913
2,027,830
929,961.28
.4586
92,099.98
.0454
1,022,061.26
.5040
REPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
295
Exhibit A. — Statement of Construction Expenditures to June 30, 1913 — Contd.
Table 1. — Statement of construction expenditures to June SO, 191S — Continued.
ATLANTIC DIVISION— Continued.
•
Quanti-
ties.
Total division ex-
penses, including
arbitraries for
plant.
Administrative and
general expenses.
Total cost.
.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Amount.
Unit.
cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
GATUN LOCKS— contd.
Filling center wall:
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
Cm. yds.
2,717
94,574
15,872
$2,889.16
71,946.90
13,205.65
$1. 0634
.7607
.8320
$212.09
2,809.91
689. 38
$0. 0780
.0297
.0434
$3,101.25
74, 756. 81
13,895.03
$1. 1414
.7904
.8754
Total to June 30,1913
113,163
88,041.71
.77S0! 3,711.38
1
.0328
91,753.09; .8108
Filling around south ap-
proach wall, fiscal year
1912 (total):
Dry
7,072
594, 495
3, 600. 90
91,847.98
.5092
.1545
176. 71
2,229.51
.0250
.0037
3,777.61
94,077.49
.5342
.1582
Total
95,448.88
2,406.22
97.855.10
'
Total Gatun Locks
26,635,286.81
198,251.22
1,509,857.60
28,145,144.41
198,251.22
Plant, amount to be ab-
sorbed after June 30, 1913
Total
26,833,538.03
1,509,857.60
28, 343, 395. 63
GATUN PERMANENT POWER
PLANT
Dry excayation:
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
72, 119
14,948
27,163.41
6,012.12
.3767
.4022
1,596.61
538. 31
.0221
.0360
28, 760. 02
6.550.43
.3988
.4382
Total to June 30,1913
87,067
33, 175. 53
.3811
2,134.92
.0245
35,310.45
.4056
Preparing foundations, fis-
cal year 1913 (total)
Masonry substructure, fis-
cal year 1913 (total)
Masonry superstructure,
fiscal year 1913 (total)..
11,684
5,068
20,999.20
43,452.32
1,983.29
40,953.30
1.7973
8.5739
2,127.99
2,394.21
192. 60
7,284.67
.1821
.4724
23, 127. 19
45,846.53
2, 175. 89
48,237.97
1. 9794
9.0463
Miscellaneous construc-
tion, fiscal year 1913
(total)
Operating machinery:
Fiscal year 1912
8,855.00
192,666.91
8,855.00
2nn. .=549. 85
Fiscal year 1913
7,882.91
Total to Jime 30,1913
201,521.91
7,882.91
209, 404. 82
Total Gatun power
plant
342,085.55
2,195.54
22,017.30
364,102.85
2, 195. 54
sorbed after Jime 30, 1913
Total
344,281.09
22,017.30
366,298.39
GATUN-MtNDI LEVEE.
Dry filling:
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
126,002
51,156
51,789.04
10, 128. 74
.4110
.1979
6, 125. 69
941. 68
1
.0486 57,914.73
.0184 11,070.42
.4596
.2163
Totalto June 30,1913
Hydraulic filling, fiscal
year 1911 (total)
177, 158
20,398
61,917.78
3,326.91
.3495
.1631
7,067.37
156.41
.0399
.0077
08,985.15
3,483.32
.3894
.1708
Total Gatun-Mindi
Levee
65,244.69
7,223.78
72,468.47
296
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit A. — Statement of Construction Expenditures to June 30, 1913 — Contd.
Table 1. — Statement of construction expenditures to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
ATLANTIC DIVISION— Continued.
Quanti-
ties.
Total division ex-
penses, including
arbitrarios for
plant.
Administrative and
general expenses.
Total cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Amount.
Unit,
cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
COLON BREAKWATER.
Dry filling:
May 4, 1904, to June
30, 1909
Cu. yds.
$7,436.72
43.773.31
522,084.39
916,821.49
896,512.68
$7,436.72
48, 684. 14
609,261.79
998,58.5.69
972,210.51
Fiscal year 1910
'$i."456o
1. 7457
4.8787
$4 910 S3
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
359,890
525,173
183,762
87,177.40
81,764.20
75,697.83
$0.2423
.1557
.4119
$1.6929
1.9014
5.2906
Total to June 30,1913
Plant, amount to be ab-
sorbed after June 30, 1913
1,068,825
2,386,628.59
6,941.03
2.2329
249,550.26
.2335
2,636,178.85
0,941.03
2. 4664
Total Colon Break-
water
2,393,569.62
249,550.26
2,643,119.88
TERMINAL FACILITIE.S,
CRISTOBAL.
Coaling plant, fiscal year
1913 (total)
1,424.55
13,063.59
1,424.55
13,063.59
Fuel-oil tanks, fiscal year
1913 (total)
Total terminal facil-
ities, Cristobal
14,488.14
5,666.11
14,488.14
5,083.27
CLEARING DRIFT IN GATUN
LAKE.
Fiscal year 1913 (total)
17. 16
MANUFACTURING PLANTS.
Amounts to be absorbed
after June 30, 1913:
Porto Bello quarry . . .
185,627.32
305,866.29
185,627.32
305,866.29
Sea transportation
Total
491,493.61
491,493.61
Total Atlantic di-
49,778,393.62
3,727,274.12
53,505,667.74
KEPOKT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
297
Exhibit A. — Statement of Construction Expenditures to June 30, 1913 — Contd.
Table 2. — Statement of constniction expenditures to June 30, 1913.
CENTRAL DIVISION.
Quanti-
ties.
Total division ex-
penses, including
arbitraries for
plant.
Administrative and
general expenses.
Total cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Amount.
Unit,
cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Dry excavation, prism:
May 4, 1904, to June
30, 1909
Cu. yds.
40,983,366
17,832,177
18,522,692
17,063,446
12, 737, 500
$37, 540, 874. 34
11,945,261.93
10,891,360.70
8, 705, 143. 72
7,037,306.05
$0. 9160
.6699
.5880
.5101
.5525
$4,615,073.19
1,152,810.58
847, 225. 78
615,611.56
451,826.25
SO. 1126
.0646
.0457
.0361
. 0355
§42,1.55,947.53
13, 098, 072. 51
11,738,586.48
9,320,755.28
7,489,132.30
$1.0286
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
.7345
.6337
.5462
.5880
Total to June 30,1913
107, 139, 181
76,119,946.74
.7105
7,682,547.36
.0717
83,802,494.10
.7822
Dredging e x c a v a tion,
prism:
May 4, 1904, to June
30, 1909
8,067.72
183.47
1, 730. 68
9, 798. 40
183.47
Fiscal year 1913
Total to June 30,1913
8, 251. 19
10, 511. 46
.1835
1,730.68
9,981.87
10,511.46
Hydraulic e x c a vation,
prism, fiscal year 1913
(total)
57, 274
.1835
Clearing canal line (acres):
Fiscal year 1910
2,098
182
134,857.24
3,991.79
2, 029. 51
7,378.30
64.2789
21. 9329
'29."5i32
134,857.24
4,459.17
2,110.34
7,924.47
64. 2789
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
467. 38
80.83
546. 17
2. 5680
"2."i847
24.5009
Fiscal year 1913
250
31. 6979
Total to June 30,1913
2,530
148,256.84
58. 5995
1,094.38
.4326
149,351.22
59. 0321
Masonry:
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
1,020
251
5,639.35
2,000.96
5.5288
7. 9719
585.09
128. 26
.5736
.5110
6,224.44
2, 129. 22
6.1024
8.4829
Total to June 30,1913
Masonry facing (square
yards), fiscal year 1912
(total)
1,271
4,250
7,640.31
3,826.97
42,251.97
6.0113
.9005
713. 35
252.14
.5612
.0593
8,353.66
4,079.11
42,251.97
6.5725
.9598
Plant, overcharge to be
adjusted on completion
of work
Total central divi-
sion
76,256,181.54
7,686,337.91
83,942,519.45
298
EEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit A. — Statement of Construction Expenditures to June 30, 1913 — Contd.
Table 3. — Statement of construction expenditures to June 30, 1913.
PACIFIC DIVISION.
Quanti-
ties.
Total division ex-
penses, including
arbitraries for
plant.
Administrative and
general expenses.
Total cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Amount.
Unit,
cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Dry excavation, prism:
Mav 4, 1901, to June
30, 1909
Cm. yds.
139,470
99,703
198, 770
864,475
3,210,851
$119, 747. 16
63,266.48
138,349.00
650,658.11
2,126,300.10
SO. 8586
.6345
.6960
.7527
.6622
$21,514.28
6,622.63
12, 662. 38
37,383.22
148,889.65
$0. 1542
8141961 44
$1 0128
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
.0664 69,889.11
.0637' 151,011.38
.0432 688,041.33
.0464, 2,275,189.75
.7009
.7597
.7959
.7086
Total to June 30,1913
Plant, amount to be ab-
sorbed after June 30,
1913
4,513,269
3,098,320.85
62,619.43
.6865
227,072.16
.0503
3,325,393.01
02, 619. 43
.7368
Total
3,160,940.28
227, 072. 16
1 3,388,012.44
Hydraulic e x c a vation,
prLsm:
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
197,677
900,596
451, 631
120, 714. 14
501,065.72
456, 749. 25
.6106
.5564
1. 0113
9,088.12
25, 560. 51
7, 729. 61
. 0460 129, 802. 26
. 0284 526, 626. 23
.0171 464,478.86
. 6566
.5848
1.0284
Total to June 30,1913
1,549,904
1,078,529.11
.6959
42,378.24
.0273 1,120,907.35
.7232
Dredging e x c a v a tion,
prism:
May 4, 1904, to June
30, 1909
16, 180, 107
6,857,223
5, 549, 642
3,884,287
4,321,956
3, 427, 748. 61
1,650,894.38
1,308,087.35
738, 025. 36
1,399,473.68
.2118
.2408
.2519
.1900
.3238
277,360.96
156, 092. 09
136,071.78
68,519.58
131,561.14
.0172 .■? 7a'i 109.57
.2290
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
.0227
.0245
.0176
.0304
1,806,986.47
1,534,159.13
806,544.94
1,531,034.72
.2635
.2764
.2076
.3542
Total to June 30,1913
Plant, amount to be ab-
sorbed after June 30,
1913
36,793,215
8, 614, 229. 28
744,525.02
.2341
769,605.55
.0209
9,383,834.83
744,525.02
.2.550
Total
9, 358, 754. 30
769, 605. 55
10,128,359.85
PEDRO MIGUEL DAMS.
Dry excavation:
Mav 4, 1904, to June
30, 1909
4,074
5,241.81
925. 47
5,915.97
6,956.46
1. 2866
5,241.81
925. 47
6,361.32
7,596.57
1. 2866
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal vear 1912
Fiscal year 1913
3,937
2,464
1. 5026
2. 8233
445. 35
640.11
.ii32
.2598
i.cios
3. 0831
Total to June 30,1913
10,475
19,039.71
1. 8177
1,085.46
.1036
20, 125. 17
1. 9213
Drv filling:
May 4, 1904, to June
30, 1909
167,061
93, 791
71,275.77
36,205.63
4, 058. 42
162,084.64
37, 793. 84
.4266
.3860
'"'.'5646
.3312
9,985.14
3,892.31
584.55
4, 107. 42
3, 087. 98
. 0598
.0415
"".'6i28
.0270
81,260.91
40,097.94
4,642.97
166, 192. 06
40,881.82
4864
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
.4275
FLscalyear 1912
Fiscal year 1913
321,589
114,117
.5168
.0582
Totalto June 30,1913
696,558
311,418.30
.4471
21,657.40
.0311
333,075.70
.4782
Masonrv, fiscal year 1913
(total)
1,567
7,872.65
5.0240
569. 17
.3632
8,441.82
5 3872
Total Pedro Miguel
Dams.
338,330.66
23,312.03
361,642.69
KEPOKT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
299
Exhibit A. — Statement of Construction Expenditures to June 30, 1913 — Contd.
Table 3. — Statement of construction expenditures to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
PACIFIC DIVISION— Continued.
Quanti-
ties.
Total division ex-
penses, including
arbitraries for
plant.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Administrative and
general expenses.
Amount.
Unit,
cost.
Total cost.
Amount.
PEDRO MIGUEL LOCKS.
Dry excavation:
May 4, 1904, to June
30, 1909
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
Total to June 30,1913
Preparing foundations:
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal vear 1911
Fiscal vear 1912
Fiscal year 1913
Total to Jione 30,1913
Masonry:
Concrete, plain —
Fiscal year 1910...
Fiscal year 1911...
Fiscal year 1912...
Fiscal year 1913...
Total to June 30,
1913
Concrete , reenforced —
Fiscal vear 1911...
Fiscal year 1912...
Fiscal year 1913...
TotaltoJuneSO,
1913
Total masonry..
Ironwork:
May 4, 1904, to June
30,1909
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
Total to June 30, 1913
Gates:
Fiscal year 1911.
Fiscal year 1912.
Fiscal year 1913.
Total to June 30, 1913
Emergency dams, fiscal
yearl913 (total)
Operating machinery:
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913....
TotaltoJuneSO, 1913
Concrete in machine in-
stallation, fiscal year
1913 (total)
Cm. yds.
720, 157
298,500
16, 423
• 95,156
3,044
$508, 834. 12
354, 524. 81
9, 83S. 84
28, 714. 09
1,241.40
10. 7066
1. 1876
.5991
.3018
.4078
$76, 019. 61
48, 521. 87
966. 86
2, 699. 30
61.96
.1055
.1626
.0589
.0283
.0204
$584, 853. 73
403,046.68
10, 805. 70
31,413.39
1,. 303. 36
1,133,280
903, 153. 26
7969
128, 269. 60
,1132
1,031,422.86
44,948
76,84
38, 826
15,366
126, 722. 55
182, 477. 38
84,311.91
36, 702. 18
2. 8193
2. 3746
2. 1715
2. 3885
14, 916. 60
22, 073. 06
8,314.88
3, 888. 78
.3319
. 2872
.2142
.2531
141,639.15
204, 550. 44
92, 626. 79
40,590.96
175, i
430, 214. 02
2.4446
49, 193. 32
.2795
479,407.34
166, 869
497, 802
134, 193
39, 465
1,016,107.42
2,341,652.75
767,363.31
258,228.58
6. 0892
4. 7042
5.7183
6. 5432
86, 704. 98
138, 716. 42
41,391.
19, 109. 65
.5196
.278'
.3085
.4842
1,102,812.40
2,480,369.17
808, 755. 24
277,338.23
4,383,352.06
.3411
4,669,275.04
385
48,677
18, 697
6, 830. 91
414, 705. 14
177,022.08
17. 7426
8. 5195
9. 4679
773. 16
31,361.01
20,424.19
2.0082
.6443
1. 0924
7,604.0'
446,066.15
197,446.27
67, 759
598,558.13
.8336
52,558.36
.7757
651, 116. 49
906,088
4,981,910.19
5.4983
338,481.34
108, 843. 27
143,491.51
227. 470. 23
100. 906. 24
45, 120. 38
8, 190. 96
3, 834. 93
20, 665. 80
19,821.24
7,123.29
5,320,391.53
117,034.23
147,326.44
248, 136. 03
120, 727. 48
37, 997. 09
625, 831. 63
45,389.64
671,221.27
6,025.59
776, 718. 78
590, 814. 13
878. 77
20, 434. 97
12,632.57
6,904.36
797, 153. 75'
578, 181. 56!
1,373,558.50
512, 480. 47
8,681.17
382.02
1,382,239.67
512, 862. 49
168,096.64
1,070,009.31
6, 232. 82
39, 285. 60
174,329.46
1,109,294.91
10,190
1,238,105.95
123, 767. 97
12. 1460
45,518.42
11,389.03
1. 1177
1,283,624.37
135, 157. 00
300
REPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION,
Exhibit A. — Statement of Construction Expenditures to June 30, 1913 — Contd.
Table 3. — Statement of construction expenditures to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
PACIFIC DIVISION— Continued.
Quanti-
ties.
Total division ex-
penses, including
arbitraries for
plant.
Administrative and
general expenses.
Total cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Amount.
Unit,
cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
PEDEO MIGUEL LOCKS—
continued.
Control house:
Masonry, fiscal year
1913 (total)...
Cu. yds.
205
$8,197.62
5,661.90
3.46
$39. 9884
$371.34
$1.8114
$8,568.96
5, 661. 90
3.46
841 799
Ironwork and miscel-
laneous, fiscal year
1913 (total)
Machinery installa-
tion, fiscal year 1913
(total)
Total control house .
13,862.98
371.34..
14,234.32
Bufler timbers, fiscal year
1913 (total)
9,365.08.
448.53
9,813.61
BackfiU:
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
9,616
273,709
349,275
173,938
2,737.77
106, 753. 75
123,456.12
80,738.23
.2847
.3900
.3535
.4642
278. 81
8,619.21
7,944.35
7,187.30
.0290
.0315
.0227
.0413
3,016.58
115,372.96
131,400.47
87,925.53
.3137
.4215
.3762
.5055
Total to June 30, 1913
806, 538
313,685.87
.3889
24,029.67
.0298
337,715.54
.4187
Filling center waU:
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
21,937
193,212
21,131.29
75,259.22
.9633
.3895
1,677.84
5,717.30
.0765
.0296
22,809.13
80,976.52
1.0398
.4191
Total to June 30, 1913
215, 149
96,390.51
. 4480
7,395.14
.0344
103,785.65
.4824
Total Pedro Miguel,
locks
10,622,326.43
10, 960, 657. 09
22, 995. 12
659,549.22
682,861.25
11,281,875.65
11,643,518.34
22,995.12
Total Pedro Miguel
locks and dams. . .
Plant:
Amount to be ab-
sorbed after June
30,1913
Total
10,983,652.21
682,861.25
11,666,513.46
MIKAFLORES EAST DAM
AND SPILLWAY.
Dry excavation:
Fiscal year 1912..
9,874.07
216,835.99
"i.'eioi
962.67
15,982.70
""."iis7
10,836.74
232,818.69
Fiscal year 1913
134,671
i.7288
Total to June 30, 1913
134,671
226,710.06
1.6835
16,945.37
.1258
243,655.43
1.S093
Masonry:
Concrete, plain, fiscal
year 1913 (total)
Concrete, reenforced,
fiscal year 1913 (to-
tal)
63,707
435
366,672.90
8,536.26
5. 7556
19.6000
25,084.02
619.07
.3937
1.4214
391,756.92
9,155.33
6.1493
21.0214
Total masonry
64,142
375,209.16
5. 8497
25, 703. 09
.4007
400,912.25
6.2504
Ironwork:
Fiscal year 1912
19,282.32
2,248.09
1,404.89
1,387.49
20,687.21
3,635.58
Fiscal year 1913
Total to June 30, 1913
21,530.41
2,792.38
24,322.79
BEPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
301
Exhibit A.— Statement op Construction Expenditures to June 30, 1913— Con td.
Table 3.— Statement of construction expenditures to June 30, 29^5— Continued.
PACIFIC DIVISION— Continued.
MIRAFLORES EAST DAM
AND SPILLWAY— COntd.
Gates and caissons, fiscal
year 1913 (total)
Operating machinery, fis-
cal year 1913 (total)
Total Miraflores
East Dam and
Spillway
MIRAFLORES WEST DAM.
Dry excavation:
May 4, 1904, to June
30,1909
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1913
Total to June 30, 1913
Masonry:
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
Total to June 30,1913
Dry flUiag:
May 4, 1904, to June
30,1909
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
Total to June 30, 1913
Hydraulic filling:
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
Total to June 30, 1913
Total Miraflores
West Dam
MmATLORES LOCKS.
Dry excavation:
Diversions, fiscal year
1910(total)
In lock site:
May 4, 1904, to
June 30, 1909....
Fiscal year 1910...
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
Total to June 30,
1913
Dredging excavation:
May 4, 1904, to June
30,1909 '.
Fiscal year 1910
Total to June 30,
1913
309,647 129,192.56!
13, 187. 10
.4598
302
REPORT ISTHMIAIT CANAL COMMISSIOlSr.
ExHiBrr A. — Statement of Construction Expenditures to June 30, 1913 — Contd.
Table 3. — Statement of construction expenditures to June SO, 1913 — Continued.
PACIFIC DIVISION— Continued.
Quanti-
ties.
Total division ex-
penses, including
arbitraries for
plant.
Administrative and
general expenses.
Total cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Amount.
Unit,
cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
MraAFLORES LOCKS— COn.
Hydraulic excavation,
fiscal year 1911 (total)...
Cu. yds.
332, 703
$182,526.79
$0. 5486
$12,772.23
$0.0384
$195,299.02
$0. 5870
Preparing foundations:
Excavation-
Fiscal year 1910...
Fiscal year 1911...
Fiscal year 1912...
Fiscal year 1913...
64,036
137,752
165, 145
49, 048
124,669.74
221,569.09
258,894.68
109,653.13
1.9469
1.6085
1.5677
2. 2356
15,952.08
27,351.80
23, 853. 75
11,172.19
.2491
.1985
.1444
.2278
140,621.82
248,920.95
282, 748. 43
120,825.32
2. 1960
1.8070
1.7121
2. 4634
Total to June
30,1913
415,981
714, 786. 64
1.7183
78, 329. 88
.1883
793,116.52
1.9066
Wooden piling (linear
feet)—
Fiscal year 1912...
Fiscal year 1913...
6,580
38, 125
50,264.36
5,988.22
7.6390
.1571
3,582.18
663. 92
.5444
.0174
53,846.54
6,652.14
8. 1834
.1745
Total to June
30,1913
44,705
56,252.58
1.2583
4,246.10
.0950
60,498.68
1.3533
Masonry:
Concrete, plain-
Fiscal year 1910...
Fiscal year 1911...
Fiscal year 1912...
Fiscal year 1913...
1,630
272, 933
729,096
402, 607
12,050.56
1,278,048.03
3,344,155.62
2,024,007.36
7. 3929
4. 6826
4.5867
5.0273
1,173.62
85,998.07
163,2,85.44
148, 806. 91
.7200
.3151
.2240
.3096
13,224.18
1,364,046.10
3,507,441.06
2,172,814.27
8.1129
4.9977
4.8107
5. 3969
Total to June
30,1913
1,406,266
6,658,261.57
4.7347
399,264.04
.2839
7,057,525.61
5.0186
Concrete, reenforced—
Fiscal year 1912...
Fiscal year 1913...
22,444
48,185
238,776.94
520,508.01
10.6388
10.8023
18,341.91
50,962.64
.8172
1.0576
257,118.85
571,470.65
11.4560
11.8599
Total to June
30,1913
70,629
759,284.95
10. 7503
69,304.55
.9813
828,589.50
11.7316
Total masonry
1, 476, 895
7,417,546.52
5. 0224
468,568.59
.3173
7,886,115.11
5. 3397
Ironwork:
Fiscal year 1910. . .
92,950.46
413,153.74
232,241.41
123,017.79
2,490.41
34,4.33.35
29,325.29
634.49
95,440.87
447,587.09
261,566.70
123,652.28
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
Total to June 30.
1913
861,363.40
66,883.54
928,246.94
Gates:
Fiscal year 1912
129,400.09
1,104,445.28
22,899.20
5,253.34
152,299.29
1,099,191.94
Fiscal year 1913
Total to June 30,1913
1,233,845.37
38,803.75
17,645.80
553.69
1,251,491.23
39,357.44
Emergency dams, fiscal
year 1913 (total)
Operating machinery:
Fiscal year 1912
160,565.32
1,290,340.70
6,494.50
38,737.52
167,059.82
1,329,078.22
Fiscal year 1913
Total to June 30,1913.
1,450,906.02
45,232.02
1,496,138.04
Concrete in machinery in-
stallation, fiscal year
1913 (total)...
9,814
110,911.38
6, 169. 10
11.3013
8,747.01
816.03
.8913
119,058.39
6,985.13
12. 1926
Buffer timbers, fiscal year
1913 (total)
EFFORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
303
Exhibit A. — Statement of Construction Expenditures to June 30, 1913 — Contd.
Table 3. — Statement of construction expenditures to June SO, 1913 — Continued.
PACIFIC DIVISION— Continued.
Quanti-
ties.
Total division ex-
penses, including
arbitraries for
plant.
Administrative and
general expenses.
Total cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Amoimt.
Unit,
cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
MmAFLORES LOCKS— COn.
Back fill:
May 4, 1904, to June
30,1909
Cm. yds.
409,211
121,080
53,521
442,774
979,408
$36,801.83
52, 170. 32
22,970.42
184,794.90
398, 448. 50
SO. 0899
.4309
.4293
.4174
.4068
$6,246.87
0,741.18
2, .557. 17
11,574.39
32,474.60
$0. 0158
.0557
.0478
.0261
.0362
$43,048.70
58,911.50
25,533.59
196, 369. 29
430,923.10
$0. 1052
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
.4866
.4771
.4435
.4400
Total to June30,1913.
2,006,054
695,191.97
.3466
59,594.21
.0297
754,786.18
.3763
Filling center wall:
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
7,912
149, 301
8,011.43
89,174.58
1.0126
.5973
403.09
6,027.48
.0509
.0404
8,414.52
95,202.06
1.0635
.6377
Total to June 30,
1913
157,213
97,186.01
14,804,466.77
.6182
6,430.57
1,038,539.58
.0409
103,616.58
15,843,006.35
.6591
Total Miraflores
Total Miraflores
locks and dams . .
16,309,002.57
.1,155,604.28
17,524,606.85
LA BOCA LOCKS AND DAMS.l
Dry excavation, May 4,
1904, to June 30, 1909
(total)
78,233
131,254.40
288,601.56
145,828.37
1.6777
27,088.89
26,748.51
13,478.03
.3463
1.58,343.29
315,350.07
159,306.40
2.0240
Construction:
Dam, May 4, 1904, to
June 30, 1909 (total).
Locks, May 4, 1904, to
June 30, 1909 (total)
Total La Boca
locks and dams.
565,684.33
67,315.43
632,999.76
Total lower locks
and dams Pacific
entrance
16,934,686.90
75,068.96
1,222,919.71
18, 157, 606. 61
75,068.96
Plant:
Amount to be ab-
sorbed after June 30,
1913
Total
17,009,755.86
1,222,919.71
18,232,675.57
NAOS ISLAND BREAK-
WATER. 2
Dry filling:
Fiscal year 1910
Fiscal year 1911
I 782,021
653,137
f 36,847.73
{ 21,238.30
[ 134, 839. 41
191,615.45
I .2467
.2934
1 20.03
36,867.76
21,238.30
134,839.41
212,155.41
I .2467
Fiscal year 1912
i::;:::::::::
Fiscal year 1913
20,539.96
.0314
.3248
Total toJune 30,1913.
1,435,158
384,540.89
.2680
20,559.99
.0143
405, 100. 88
.2823
MANOTACTURrNG PLANTS.
Amounts to be absorbed
after June 30, 1913:
Electric power plant.
174,485.60
109,046.68
3,753.24
174,485.60
109,046.68
3,753.24
Ancon rock quarry..
Chame sand plant . . .
Total
287,285.52
287,285.52
Total Pacific divi-
sion
42,263,458.17
2, 965, 396. 90
45,228,855.07
1 Subsequently abandoned owing to change of plans.
2 Constructed by central division. Charges represent extra cost of dumping material at this point.
304
KEPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit A. — Statement of Construction Expenditures to June 30, 1913 — Contd.
Table 4. — Statement of construction expenditures to June 30, 1913.
BALBOA TERMINAL FACILITIES.
Quanti-
ties.
Total division ex-
penses, including
arbitraries for
plant.
Administrative and
general expenses.
Total cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Preliminary work:
Fiscal year 1911..
Cu. yds.
S$16,277.26
1,175.16
13, 326. 59
$2, 114. 44
257. 48
1,476.67
$18, 391. 70
917.68
Fiscal year 1913
14, 803. 26
TotaUoJuiieSO, 1913.
28, 428. 69
3,848.59
32, 277. 28
Preparing site:
Miscellaneous —
4, 547. 08
27, 200. 94
135,879.24
478. 49
1,004.22
7,914.80
5,025.57
28,205.16
143, 794. 04
Fiscal year 1913...
Total toJime30,
1913
167, 627. 26
9, 397. 51
177,024.77
Excavation-
Fiscal year 1912...
Fiscal year 1913...
23,140
389, 567
19, 785. 26
212,172.31
$0. 8550
.5447
1, 687. 36
15,554. 56
$0. 0729
. 0399
21,472.62
227, 726. 87
$0.9279
.5846
Total to June 30,
1913..
412, 707
231,957.57
.5620
17,241.92
.0418
249, 199. 49
.6038
Filling—
Fiscal year 1912...
Fiscal year 1913...
23, 140
482,279
10, 739. 54
191,024.53
.4641
.3961
826. 56
12,207.7s
.0357
.0253
11,566.10
203,232.31
.4998
.4214
TotaltoJuneSO,
1913..
505, 419
201,764.07
.3992
13,034.34
.0258
214, 798. 41
.4250
Total preparing
601,348.90
39,673.77
641,022.67
Yards and tracks:
Fiscal year 1912
6, 421. 98
8, 629. 63
601. 57
790. 64
7,023.55
9, 420. 27
Fiscal year 1913...
Total toJune30, 1913.
15,051.61
1,392.21
16, 443. 82
Dredging inner basin:
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
370, 607
1,401,207
58,549.14
215,567.78
.1580
.1538
5, 594. 70
19, 887. 36
.0151
.0142
64, 143. 84
235, 455. 14
. 1731
.1680
Total to June 30, 1913.
1,771,814
274, 116. 92
.1547
25, 482. 06
.0144
299,598.98
.1691
Main dry dock:
Preliminary work-
Fiscal year 1911...
1,563.65
10, 157. 81
7. 938. 81
192. 16
921. 13
84.73
1,755.81
11,078.94
8, 023. 54
Fiscal year 1912...
Fiscal year 1913...
TotaltoJuneSO,
1913
19,660.27
12.3,087.95
756. 25
.8461
1,198.02
7,049.93
97.01
.0485
20, 858. 29
130, 137. 88
853. 26
Excavation, fiscal
year 1913 (total)
Gates, fiscal year 1913
(total)
145, 478
.8946
Total maindrydock.
143, 504. 47
8,344.96
151,849.43
Coaling plant:
Preliminary work —
Fiscal year 1912...
1,237.89
1.034.86
124. 16
58. 39
1,362.05
1,093.25
Fiscal year 1913...
TotaltoJuneSO,
1913
2,272.75
182. 55
2, 455. 30
Excavation, fiscal
year 1913 (total)
Total coaling
plant
58,221
49,260.40
51,53.3.15
2.73
.8461
2,821.42
3,003.97
.26
.0485
52,081.82
54,537.12
2.99
.8946
Sea wall, preliminary
work, fiscal year 1913
(total)
REPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
305
Exhibit A.— Statement of Construction Expenditures to June 30, 1913— Contd.
Tablk i.-- Statement of constmclion expenditures to June 30, 19/^— Continued.
BALBOA TERMINAL FACILITIES— Continued.
PERMANENT SHOPS.
Preliminary work:
Fiscal year 1912.
Fiscal year 1913.
Total to JuneSO, 1913,
Quanti-
ties.
Cu. yds.
Foundations:
Excavation, fiscal
year 1913 (total)
Masonry, fiscal year
1913 (total)
Wooden piles (linear
feet), fiscal year 1913
(total)
Concrete piles (Linear
feet), fiscal year 1913
(total)
4-foot caissons (linear
feet), fiscal year 1913
(total)
3-foot caissons, fiscal
year 1913 (total)....
9-inch steel tubing,
fiscal year 1913
(total)
Back filling, fiscal
year 1913 (total)....
Total foundations.
Floors, fiscal year 1913
(total)
Steel erection, fiscal year
1913 (total)
Superstructure, fiscal year
1913(total)
Roofs, fiscal year 1913
(total)
Machine installation, fis-
cal year 1913 (total)
Miscellaneous, fiscal year
1913 (total)
Total permanent
shops
Preliminary work:
Fiscal year 1912 .
Fiscal year 1913.
Total to June.30, 1913.
Excavation for piers, fiscal
year 1913 (total)
Concrete:
Caisson shells, fiscal
year 1913 (total). ..
Caisson filling, fiscal
year 1913 (total)...
Total concrete
Concrete floor system, fis-
cal year 1913 (total)
Miscellaneous, fiscal year
1913 (total)
Total docks
1183-1°— 13-
Total division ex-
penses, including
arbitraries for
plant.
.Vdministrative and
general expenses.
Amount.
29,684
7,787
135, 442
3,060
315
4,338
28,834
9,446
3,914
13,360
$3, 653. 35
36, 748. 78
Unit
cost.
40,402.13.
46, 327. 41 1 $1.5607
71,711.24
65,279.78
9, 901. 53
4, 701. 45
422. 08
108. 56
3, 305. 16
9. 2091
.4820
3. 2358
14.9252
Amount.
Unit,
cost.
$1,565.92
1,565.92
201,757.21
4, 781. 69
15, 706. 86
1,511.55
448. 25
5, 467. 55
5, 176. 81
.7619
275,252.05
3, 653. 35
25, 460. 42
29,113.77
79, 807. 36
121,124.81
28, 752. 54
4, 862. 25
6, 829. 40
8, 559. 43
226.21
170. 03
Total cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
$3, 653. 35
38,314.70
41,968.05
$0. 1638
.8770
.0632
.0739
.5398
20, 742. 21
1,357.98
332. 59
276. 62
24, 275. 32
.0219
2. 240. 68
2. 7678
12. 8228
7. 3461
149, 877. 35
30,379.91
1,977.26
291,155.65
11.2184
2, 240. 68
6,386.41
10, 855. 85
2, 173. 56
13,029.41
4,053.47
.2215
51, 189. 66
78,540.64
73, 839. 21
10, 127. 74
4, 871. 48
422.08
108. 56
3,400.05
$1. 7245
10. 0861
.5452
3.3097
15.4650
,7838
222, 499. 42
4, 781. 69
17, 064. 84
1,511.55
448.25
5,800.14
5, 453. 43
299, 527. 37
3, 653. 35
27, 701. 10
31,354.45
86, 193. 77
2. 9893
1. 1493
.5553
.9752
25,709.971
131,980.66
30,926.10
162, 906. 76
34,433.38
1,977.26
316,865.62
13.9721
7.9014
12. 1936
-20
306
KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit A. — Statement of Construction Expenditures to June 30, 1913 — Contd.
Table 4. — Statement of construction expenditures to June SO, 1913 — Continued.
BALBOA TERMINAL FACILITIES— Continued.
Quanti-
ties.
Total division ex-
penses, including
arbitraries for
plant.
AdministratiA-e and
general expenses.
Total cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Amount.
Unit,
cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
DOCKS— continued.
Fuel-oil tanks, fiscal year
1913 (total)
$2,676.18
$24.41
$2,700.59
Total terminal fa-
cilities, Balboa .
1,683,070.35
260, 900. 74
131,755.52
1,814,825.87
260,900.74
Plant, amount to be ab-
sorbed after June30, 1913
Total
1,943,971.09
131,765.52
2,075,726.61
Table 5. — Statement of construction expenditures to June 30, 1913.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Quanti-
ties.
Total division e.x-
penses, including
arbitraries for
plant.
Administrative and
general expenses.
Total cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Amount.
Unit.
cost.
Amount.
Unit
cost.
Permanent town sites,
Balboa, fiscal year 1913
(total)
$45,807.55
$3,535.70
$49,343.25
Permanent buildings:
Designing, fiscal year
1913 (total)
20,445.51
32,976.61
9,147.86
20,445.51
34,295.92
9,147.86
Administration build-
ing, fiscal year 1913
(total)
1,319.31
Laborers' quarters,
Balboa, fiscal year
1913 (total)
Total permanent
buildings
62, 569. 98
5,273.19
1,319.31
63,889.29
5,273.19
Plant, amount to be
absorbed after Juno
30, 1913
Total
67,843.17
1,319.31
69,162.48
Lights and buoys:
Fiscal year 1011
12,055.85
102,364.12
235,738.81
2,319.03
9,255.81
8,751.46
14,374.88
111,619.93
244,490.27
Fiscal year 1912
Fiscal year 1913
Total to June 30,
1913
350,158.78
26,882.85
20,326.30
370,485.08
26, 882. 85
Plant, amount to be
absorbed after June
30 1913
Total
377,041.63
20,326.30
397,367.93
,
Power transmission line,
fiscal year 1913 (total)
13,214.33
1,382.90
801.30
14,015.63
1,382.90
Plant, amount to he
absorbed after June
30, 1913..
Total
14,597.23
32,0,51.64
801.30
3.05
15,398.53
32.054.69
Trans-fsthmian oil line,
fiscal year 1913 (total). . .
Total construction
costs
170,779,345.64
14,536,750.11
185,316,095.75
Note. — Quantities shown are cubic yards, except where noted.
REPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
307
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REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION,
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Exhibit B. — Detail Cost per Unit of Work by Months — Fiscal Year 1913 — Continued.
Table 2. — Dredging excavation — Continued.
PACIFIC DIVISION.
July.
Quan-
tities.
Unit
cost.
August.
Quan-
tities.
Unit
cost.
September.
Quan-
tities.
Unit
cost.
October.
Quan-
tities.
Unit
cost.
November.
Quan-
tities.
Unit
cost.
December.
Quan-
tities.
Unit
cost.
Clearing
Operation, seagoing suction dredge.
Repairs, seagoing suction dredge
Operation, small ladder dredges
Repairs, small ladder dredges
Operation, 5-yard ladder dredge
Repairs, 5-yard ladder dredge
Operation, dipper dredges
Repairs, dipper dredges
Dikes
Operation, tugs, clapets, and scows.
Repairs, tugs, clapets, and scows
Drilling
Blasting
Operation, drill barges
Repairs, drill barges
Operation, rock breakers
Repairs, rock breakers
Small boats
Repairs, miscellaneous equipment . .
Plant arbitrary
Division expense
Cubic
yards.
Cubic
yards.
Cubic
yards.
Cubic
yards.
Cubic
yards.
198,372
198,373
16, 772
16, 772
73,817
73, 817
18,550
18,5,50
74,702
109, 139
109, 139
74, 702
74,702
74, 702
74,702
74,702
74,702
307,511
307,511
307,511
307,511
«0.0509
.0059
. 1366
.04.58
.0971
.0951
.1581
.0501
Total division cost
Administrative and general expeiLse.
Total cost
307,511
307,511
307,511
Earth excavation per cent.
Rock excavation do. . .
232, 809
74, 702
.0701
.0243
.1163
.0203
. 0165
.0098
.0048
.0037
.0246
.0062
.2176
.0162
75. 71
24.29
189, 200
189, 200
54,786
54, 786
105, 477
105,477
17, 150
17, 150
74, 863
177,413
177,413
74,863
74,863
74, 863
74, 863
74, 863
74,863
366,613
366,613
366,613
366,613
.$0. 0526
.0066
.0748
.0720
.0917
.0248
.1951
.0627
.0456
.0282
.1654
.0057
. 01.55
.0014
. 0035
.0049
.0070
.0045
134, 130
134, 130
88,367
88,367
105,000
105,000
10, 225
10, 225
62, 145
203, 592
203, 592
62, 145
62, 145
62, 145
62, 145
62, 145
62, 145
337, 722
337, 722
337, 722
337, 722
0.0611
.0342
.0709
.1244
.0957
.0428
. 2579
.0558
.0608
.0709
.0347
.2370
.1756
.1575
.0052
.0226
.0009
.0067
.0180
.0076
.0096
188,414
188,414
51,115
51,115
87, 609
87, 609
19,625
19, 625
73,901
158, 349
158,349
73, 901
73,901
73,901
73, 901
73,901
73, 901
346, 763
346, 763
346, 763
346, 763
3. 0468
.0020
.1166
.1797
.0898
.0882
.2190
.0942
.0381
.0918
.0949
.1221
.1785
.1047
.0131
.0161
.0497
.0074
.0214
.0074
.0133
174,779
174,779
84,728
84,728
1.56,946
156,946
32,520
32,520
.0565
.0025
.0973
.0619
.0605
.0210
.1205
.1104
Cubic
yards.
349, 747
158, 465
158, 465
68, 304
68, 304
112,200
112,200
10, 778
10, 778
$0.0013
.0542
.0011
.1277
.0936
.0750
.0443
.1389
.0683
274, 194
274, 194
101,626
101,626
101,626
101,626
101,626
101,626
448, 973
448,973
448,973
448,973
.6600
.0288
.0976
.1440
.0897
.0066
.0130
.0006
.0042
.0179
.0057
191,282
191, 282
98,985
98,985
98,985
98,985
98,985
98,985
349, 747
349,747
349, 747
349, 747
.0948
.0227
.1341
.1369
.0813
.0033
.0140
.0021
.(646
.0130
.0074
-.0076
366, 613
366,613
.1920
.01.55
337, 722
337,722
.3700
.0355
346, 763
346, 763
.3789
.0257
448,973
448,973
.2577
.0288
349, 747
349, 747
.3163
.0349
366, 613
337,722
.4055
346, 763
.4046
448,973
.2865
349, 747
.3512
291, 750
74, 863
79. 58
20.42
275, 577
62, 145
81.60
18.40
272, 862
73,901
78.69
21.31
347,347
101,626
77.36
22.64
250, 762
98,985
71.70
28.30
Items.
January.
Quan-
tities.
Unit
cost.
February.
Quan-
tities.
Unit
cost.
March.
Quan-
tities.
Unit
cost.
April.
Quan-
tities.
Unit
cost.
Mav.
Quan-
tities.
Unit
cost.
June.
Quan-
tities.
Unit
cost.
Total.
Quan-
tities.
Unit
cost.
Clearing
Operation, seagoing suction dredge.
Repairs, seagoing suction dredge . . .
Operation, small ladder dredges
Repairs, small ladder dredges
Operation, 5-yard ladder dredge
Repairs, o-yard ladder dredge
Operation, dipper dredges
Repairs, dipper dredgas
Operation, pipe-line dredges
Repairs, pipe-line dredges
Pipe lines
Operation, tugs, clapets, and scows .
Repairs, tugs, clapets, and scows
Drilling
Blasting
Operation, drill barges
Repairs, drill barges
Operation, rock breakers
Repairs, rock breakers
.'^mall boats
Repairs, miscellaneous equipment. .
Plant arbitrary
Division expense
Cubic
yards.
215,025
$0.0006
Cubic
vrds.
239, 032
$0. 0010
98, 357
98, 3.57
94,660
94,660
22,008
22,008
.0948
.0516
.1017
.0840
.1743
.1942
79, 606
79, 606
133, 561
133, 561
25, 865
25, 865
.1128
.0308
.0690
.0246
.1259
.0543
Cubic
yards.
379, 845
176,054
176,054
69,967
69, 967
124,674
124,674
9,150
9,150
Cubic
yards.
Cubic
yards.
Cubic
yards.
.0484
.0229
.1113
.1180
.0827
.0414
. 1795
.7795
160, 352
160,352
77, 637
77, 437
108, 403
108, 403
10, 5.50
10,550
3. 0554
.0163
.1140
.0586
.0893
.0942
. 3454
.5425
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense .
Total cost.
Earth excavation per cent .
Rock excavation do. . .
215,025
215,025
92, 275
92, 275
92, 275
92, 275
92, 275
92, 275
215,025
215,025
215,025
215,025
.0894
.0175
.1830
.2272
.1159
.0107
.0861
.0215
.0056
.0104
.0120
.0091
239,032
239,032
81,256
81,256
81,256
81,256
81,256
81,2.56
2.39,032
239, 032
239, 032
239,032
.0795
. 01.56
.1000
.1331
.0745
.0417
.0142
.0088
.0073
.0063
.0298
.0148
203, 791
203, 791
82, 487
82, 487
82, 487
82, 487
82, 487
82, 487
379, 845
379, 845
379, 845
379,845
.0755
.0280
.0884
.1339
. 1258
.0140
.0100
.0160
.0079
.0198
.0168
.0112
215,025
215,025
.7039
.0585
239,032
239, 032
.5459
.0565
379, 845
379, 845
.3344
.0231
215,025
.7624
239,032
379, 845
.3575
122,750
92, 275
57.09
42.91
157, 776
81,256
66.01
33.99
297, 358
82, 487
78.28
21.72
196, 590
196, 590
72, 619
72,619
72, 619
72,619
72,619
72, 619
356, 942
356, 942
356,942
356,942
. 0855
.0372
.1150
.2630
.1950
.0077
.0264
.0014
.0073
.0171
.0172
.0111
356, 942
356,942
. 3958
.0337
356,942
369
284,323
72,619
79.66
20.34
0.0.549
.0068
.1014
.0642
.1167
.0853
.1474
.1812
.0316
.0090
.0016
.0835
.0607
.0798
. 2767
.0326
.0089
.0279
.0018
.0052
.0145
.0177
.0121
138,316
1.38, 316
192,211
192,211
148,314
148,314
26,029
26,029
99,210
99, 210
99,210
366, 554
366, 554
179,461
179,461
179,461
179, 461
179, 461
179, 461
604,080
604,080
604,080
604,080
$0.0679
.0166
.0551
.0128
.0559
.0793
.1207
.0910
.0,544
.0372
.0032
.0564
.0384
I 0072
1.1257
.0498
.0084
0)79
.0015
.0039
.0070
.0159
.0087
Cubic
yards.
4,321,956
1,685,193
1,685,193
953, 042
953,042
1,330,514
1,330,514
227,981
227,981
125, 226
125, 226
125, 226
2,511,537
2,511,537
1,047,929
1,047,929
1,047,929
1,047,929
1,047,9'^9
1,047,929
4,321,956
4,321,956
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REPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
331
Exhibit C. Detailed Cost op Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913.
Table 1. — Detailed cost of gates, caissons, emergency dams, and operating machinery,
etc., including installation, to June 30, 1913.
CHIEF ENGINEER'S OFFICE, FIRST DIVISION.
Amount.
Gatun. Pedro Miguel. Miraflores.
Spillway gates and caisson:
Inspection on Isthmus. .
Gates —
Contract payments .
Installation
Division expense. . .
Total gates.
Caisson —
Contract payments.
Ballast
Installation
Total caisson
Administrative and general expense.
Total spillway gates and caisson.
SpUlway-gate machines:
Number of machines
Per cent complete-
Mechanical erection . . .
Electrical installation.
Inspection in the United States.
Inspection on the Isthmus
Contract payments
Installation expenses —
Surveys
Mechanical erection
Electrical installation. . .
Testing
Miscellaneous expenses .
Division expense
Total installation expenses
Preliminary maintenance and operation.
Administrative and general expense
Total spillway-gate machines .
Lock gates:
Inspection in the United States.
Inspection on the Isthmus
Contract payments
Extra payments to contractors.
Fixed steel
Gate recess covers —
Material
Installation
Construction tracks
Power, fuel, and water.
Freight and handling. .
Miscellaneous
Painting
Spare parts
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total lock gates
Fender chains:
Inspection in the United States.
Installation '
Testing
Total fender chains.
$1,906.28
49,509.20
15,371.86
769. 16
65,650.22
5,690.00
388. 41
97.31
$1,955.25
41.32
77,588.26
660. 86
5,502.41
330. 74
482. 94
3, 835. 25
628. 04
11,440.24
97.88
1,641.34
92,764.29
230. 88
374. 29
444.95
517.16
986. 91
960. 66
301. 33
682. 14
086. 84
444.84
168.91
683. 10
757. 36
$42, 629. 30
11,615.67
1,097,026.06
160.00
1,413.70
884.01
35,332.45
6,707.07
8,752.67
51,431.23
7, 767. 13
322.42
3,344.71
104,646.23
$408.51
34,364.87
26.21
34,391.08
5,690.00
130. 83
5.27
6,175.72
5,826.10
2, 738. 61
76, 470. 83
40, 625. 69
14
6
65.00
2.00
S304. 44
33.48
62,082.54
1,735.00
143. 76
1,878.76
i, 346.' 32
65,645.54
33,609.24
9,134.24
1,105,921.00
164. 34
36,366.27
1,224.00
8,843.22
26,880.77
7,243.69
1,359.33
2,177.06
5, 444. 93
1,504.48
922. 21
2,225,084.30
65,871.72
1,373,537.13
8,681.17
1,233,845.37
17,645.86
2,290,956.02
1,382,218.30
1,251,491.23
760.00
2, 922. 95
21.37
154.00
3,836 95
21.37
332
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit C. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 1. — Detailed cost of gates, caissons, emergency dams, and operating machinery,
etc., including installation, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Emergency dams:
Inspection in the United States
Inspection on the Isthmus
Contract payments
Spare parts
Foundations and fixed steel
Concrete counterweight
Operator's house
Switchboard house
Electrical installation
Construction tracks
Freight and handling
Power
Grouting material
Painting
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense
Total emergency dams
Operating machinery:
Inspection in the United States
Inspection on the Isthmus
Testing
Miter-gate machines —
Miter-gate moving machines, mechanical —
Numljer of machines
Per cent complete —
Mechanical erection
Electrical installation
Contract payments
Installation expenses:
Surveys
Erection
Miscellaneous expenses
Division expense
Total installation expenses
Total miter-gate moving machines, me-
chanical
Miter-forcing machines, mechanical-
Number of machines
Per cent complete —
Mechanical erection
Electrical installation
Contract payments
Installation expenses:
Surveys
Erection
Miscellaneous expenses
Division expense
Total installation expenses
Total miter-forcing machines, mechanical. .
Handrail machines, mechanical —
Number of machines
Per cent complete:
Mechanical erection
Electrical installation
Contract payments
Amount.
Gatun.
Pedro Miguel.
Miraflores.
$32,223.16
9,964.79
699,254.89
529.00
47,005.63
10,686.40
605. 94
739.01
178.20
4,872.13
3,560.12
1,658.06
563. 80
1,829.39
2,454.25
$23,283.06
3,576.27
466,678.53
$19,805.20
1,487.43
10, 878. 78
3,572.02
156. 61
8,356.62
38.40
1,348.49
1,195.63
958. 12
321.36
429.00
44.20
38.40
8,287.14
411.47
359.29
52.88
5.32
816,184.77
6,493.97
512, 480. 47
382. 02
38,803.75
553. 69
822,678.74
512,862.49
39,357.44
55,578.35
5,250.46
34,662.65
40
92.00
16.00
19,967.97
1,752.55
11,594.64
24
86.00
38.00
38,612.06
4,165.35
2,649.75
28
77.00
$313,101.46
$187,769.05
$206,270.02
1,970.94
20,844.47
22, 795. 78
3,331.77
948. 83
13,048.05
10,745.51
1,980.76
429. 14
6.454.39
11,185.83
1,186.41
48,942.96
26,723.15
19,255.77
362,044.42
214, 492. 20
225,525.79
20
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21.00
12
5.00
15.00
14
$13,796.15
$10,072.44
$6.77
2.01
1,333.60
1,808.21
209. 43
5,036.22
1.52
1,314.42
73.04
448. 77
21.99
3,353.25
1,388.98
5,500.98
17,149.40
11,461.42
5,513.75
40
50.00
35.00
24
28
13.00
54,810.75
$2,474.08
$8,567.00
BEPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
333
■c^ r^n ■n^-TiTTPr. Cost OF Work Done BY First AND Second Divisions AND
^^oT?ehmInen"town SiT^s TO JUNE 30, 1913-Continuecl.
Table l.-Detailed cost of gates, caissons emergency dams ««^ «^^;«f ^S' machmery,
etc. , including installation, to Jxtne 30, 1913— i ontinuecl .
Operating machmery— Continued.
Miter-gate machines— Contmuea. , ^ ^. ,
Handrail machines, mechanical— Contmued.
Installation expenses:
Erection
Miscellaneous expenses
Division expense
Total installation expense
Total handrail machines, mechanical .
Gate sump pumps, mechanical-
Number of machines
Per cent complete:
Mechanical erection
Contract payments.
Installation expenses:
Erection
Miscellaneous expenses.
Division expense
Total installation expense
Total gate sump pumps, mechanical.
Electrical installation, all gate machines-
Contract payments
Installation expenses :
Installation (uncompleted) .
Miscellaneous expenses
Division expense
Total installation expenses.
Total electrical installation
Administrative and general expense.
Total miter-gate machines.
Rising stem valves —
Contract payments.
Installation expenses—
Survevs
Adj ustment fixed irons
Installation valves and seals.
Miscellaneous expenses
Division expense
Total mstallation expenses
Administrative and general expense.
Total rising stem valves.
Rising-stem valve machines —
Number of machines
Per cent complete:
Mechanical erection. . .
Electrical installation.
Contract payments.
Amount.
Gatun.
Pedro Miguel. Miraflores
$706. 12
474. 66
87.20
1,267.!
6,078.73
40
45.00
$6,691.00
921.51
599. 94
97.01
S74. 43
6.74
81.17
2,555.25
1,618.46
8, 309. 46
286. 52
205. 24
30.32
522. 08
3, 705. 03
$55,693.08 $21,007.74
10, 278. 78
4,588.57
1,050.18
15,917.53
71,610.61
15,925.16
481, 117. 78
$123, 120. 99
3, 464. 75
3, 025. 69
420. 70
6,911.14
27,918.88
7, 936. 15
268,068.93
$62,824.46
261.53
23, 203. 80
8,930.60
22,357.35
4,011.67
58, 764. 85
11,817.12
193, 702. 96
99.00
48.00
92,579.20
166. 15
18,896.82
5,967.00
7, 468. 08
2,498.69
34,996.74
5,174.26
102,995.46
100.00
65.00
$165,317.22
$321.56
321.56
8,888.56
28
$7,914.45
317.77
17.27
335.04
8, 249. 49
$39,844.06
358.14
1,634.86
125.87
2,118.87
41,962.93
7,419.31
297,559.83
5,212.42
218.53
17, 579. 25
14,351.46
11,738.58
2, 850. 66
46, 738. 48
7, 739. 25
149, 690. 15
62
76.00
7.00
$239,915.42
334
REPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit C. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913— Continued.
Table 1. — Detailed cost of gat^s, caissons, emergency dams, and operating machinery,
etc., including installation, to June SO, 1913 — Continued.
Amount.
Gatun.
Pedro Miguel
Miraflores.
Operating machinery— Continued.
Rising-stem valve machines— Continued.
Installation expenses—
Survevs
$1,668.26
34,584.66
5,678.40
33,012.60
5,688.43
$1,214.50
29, 167. 67
1,901.39
14,587.64
4,206.52
$606.06
14,193.98
419 27
Mechanical erection
Electrical installation
Miscellaneous expenses
16,285.51
2 135 13
Division expense
Total installation expenses.. .
80,632.35
51,077.72
33,639.95
Administrative and general expense
20,086.76
9, 640. 01
10 783 35
Total rising-stem valve machines
493,298.31
226,034.95
284,338.72
Cylindrical valves: These valves were installed by the
constniction divisions at the time of construction of the
locks and charged to "Ironwork." The following ex-
penses were incurred by the First Division in adjusting
them for operation —
Contract payments
205.00
4 "'94 11
Installation expenses-
Adjustment fixed irons
1,896.53
1,349.34
802.56
968. 54
399. 59
1 645 99
Adjustment of valves
2,044.06
215.11
597. 45
251.83
<> 203 84
Painting
'401 78
Miscellaneous expenses . . .
1 441 35
Division expense
433 29
5,416.56
749. 15
3, 108. 45
388.62
6 fe 25
Administrative and general expense .
1 86'' 82
Total cylindrical valves
6,165.71
3,702.07
19 9S3 18
Cylindrical valve ihachines —
Number of machines
60
100.00
40.00
20
100. 00
75.00
40
Per cent complete-
Mechanical erection
100 00
Electrical installation
28 00
Contract payments
$80,504.87
$31,747.93
$50,137.73
Installation expenses—
Survevs
150. 24
7,070.66
3,959.97
7,322.53
1,461.67
222. 03
2,810.84
2,373.43
2,268.43
630. 83
62.64
Mechanical erection
3, 789. 04
Electrical installation (uncompleted)
1,810.87
3 416 96
Division expense
719. 47
Total installation expenses
Administrative and general expense
19,965.07
5,064.21
8,305.56
1,616.87
9,798.98
3,505.38
Total cylindrical valve machines
105,534.15
41,670.36
63,442.09
Auxiliary culvert valve machines-
Number of machines
4
100.00
37.00
4
100.00
72.00
4
Per cent complete—
100.00
Electrical installation
30.00
Contract payments
$5,378.26
$5, 384. 74
$5,276.28
Installation expenses-
Surveys
1.42
746. 79
141.46
523. 02
119.02
74.22
582.05
495. 95
534. 47
132. 54
10.40
Mechanical erection (completed)
1,003.21
Electrical installation (uncompleted)
195. 87
Miscellaneous expenses
Division expense
790.87
146.34
Total installation expenses
Administrative and general e.xpense
1,531.71
364.05
1,819.23
319. 46
2,146.69
423.81
Total auxiliary culvert valve machines
7,274.02
7,523.43
7,846.87
REPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
335
Exhibit C. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 1. — Detailed cost of gates, caissons, emergency dams, and operating machinery,
etc.; including installation, to June SO, 1913 — Continued.
Amount.
Gatun.
Pedro Miguel
Miraflores.
Operating machinery— Continued.
Chain fender machinery —
Chain fender machines, mechanical-
Number of machines
16
$44.00
5.00
16
$35.00
16
Per cent complete-
Mechanical erection
$15.00
Electrical Installation
Contract payments
$27,277.50
$24,138.94
$17,193.68
Installation expenses-
Surveys
411.47
9,550.47
4,286.02
1,184.48
382. 31
3,640.09
1,808.17
527.56
8 14
Erection
1 406 34
Miscellaneous expenses
1 42'' 13
Division expenses
181 86
Total installation expenses
15,432.44
6,358.13
3 018 47
Total chain fender machines, mechanical...
42,709.94
30,497.07
20,212.15
Chain fender pit pumps, mechanical-
Number of machines
16
12.00
16
16
Per cent complete— Mechanical erection
Contract payments
$2,965.60
$2,965.59
$2,965.61
Installation expenses —
Erection
306.17
144.83
29.79
Miscellaneous expenses
89.33
8.41
83 68
Division expense
7.96
Total installation expense
480. 79
97.74
91 64
Total chain fender pit pumps, mechanical .
3,446.39
3,063.33
3,057.25
Electrical installation (all chain fender machines)—
Contract payments
3,999.25
3,723.00
3,712.00
Installation expenses-
Installation (uncompleted)
582.15
502.69
74.79
Miscellaneous expenses
360. 96
20.64
156 59
Division expense
9 59
Total installation expenses
1,159.63
381.60
166 18
Total electrical installation
5,158.88
3,301.66
4,104.60
1,497.90
3 878 18
Administrative and general expenses
1 089 98
Total chain fender machinery
54,616.87
39, 162. 90
28,237.56
Culvert pumps-
Number of pumps
1
100.00
1
I
Per cent complete— Mechanical erection
Contract payments
$2,808.92
$2,903.91 $2,903.92
Installation expenses-
Erection, mechanical
291.07
170.09
29.66
Miscellaneous expenses
191.78
13.42
105.60
7.92
Division expense
Total installation expense
490.82
81.41
205.20
97.03
113.52
83.16
Administrative and general expense
Total culvert pumps
3,381.15
'""•""
Drainage sump pumps-
Number of pumps
3
100.00
3
3
Per cent complete-
Mechanical erection
Contract payments
909 00 1
336
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit C. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 1. — Detailed cost of gates, caissons, emergency dams, and operating machinery,
etc., including installation, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Amount.
Gatun.
Pedro Miguel.
Miraflores.
Operating machinery — Continued.
Drainage sump pumps— Continued.
Installation expenses-
$26.83
259. 65
53. 88
21.12
Miscellaneous expenses
$100. 59
6.24
Division expenses
Total installation expenses
361. 48
11.53
106.83
40.43
Administrative and general expenses
Total drainage sump pumps
373. 01
1,056.26
Cable-pit pumps — Number of pumps
3
1,091.04
48.34
3.51
35.81
2
727. 11
68.14
4.37
29. 28
2
Contract payments
8727. 11
26.55
.23
20.55
1,178.70
828. 90
774.44
Cable vaults-
Installation expenses-
Mechanical installation
4.46
.67
.33
Total cable vaults
5.46
Foot bridges-
96.64
L71
237.26
Administrative and general expense
Total foot bridges
98.35
237.26
Electric locomotives-
25,085.15
Installation expenses-
354.11
853.82
1,351.90
166. 76
Testing and preliminary operation
1
Total installation expense
2, 726. 59
781. 38
Total electric locomotives
28,593.12
Transformer-room equipment-
Contract payments
95, 405. 50
8.82
355. 75
6, 208. 53
6,396.21
900.43
49,869.53
69, 708. 25
Installation expenses-
Mechanical erection
39.97
2, .547. 00
5,257.68
486. 60
133. 63
1,256.26
4,393.06
Division expense
332. OS
13,869.74
3,555.00
8,331.25
1,693.47
6,115.03
Administrative and general expenses
1,071.43
112,830.24
59,894.25
76, 894. 71
Towing track system-
Contract payments, mechanical
224,220.27
3,797.50
13,643.04
142,920.19
3,964,59
5,684.50
175,085.26
Survev
1, 782. 19
7,819.27
Tracks without rack-
Mechanical installation-
Installation
2,151.23
449. 17
192. 31
3,675.42
756. 79
405. 31
365.93
166. 97
Division expense
125. 51
Total . . .
2, 792. 71
13,9.59.32
4,837.52
4,794.54
658.41
15,189.66
Total tracks without rack
16,752.03 1 9.632.06
15,848.07
REPORT OP COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
337
Exhibit 0. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 1. — Detailed cost of gates, caissons, emergency dams, and operating machinery,
etc., including installation, to June SO, 1913 — Continued.
Gatim.
Pedro Miguel
Miraflores.
Operating machinery— Continued.
Towing track system — Continued.
Tracks without rack— Continued.
Linear feet of track without rack installed by con-
struction divisions
Average cost per linear foot
Linear feet of track without rack installed by first
division
Average cost per linear foot
Total linear feet of track without rack installed. .
Average cost per linear foot
Tracks with rack —
Mechanical installation —
Installation
Chipping-rack teeth
Miscellaneous expenses
Division expense
Total tracks with rack
Linear feet of rack track installed
Average cost per linear foot
Electrical installation, all tracks —
Contract payments
Installation expenses —
Installation ,
Miscellaneous expenses
Division expense
Total installation expenses
Total electrical installation— all tracks
Total tracks ,
Crossovers —
Contract payments
Installation expenses— j.
Surveys ,
Mechanical installation ,
Electrical installation
Miscellaneous expenses
Division expense
Total installation expenses
Total crossovers
Bumping posts-
Contract payments
Installation expenses —
Installation
Miscellaneous expenses
Division expenses
Total installation expenses
Total bumping posts
Administrative and general expenses
Total towing track system
Screens —
Contract payments
11834°— 13 '22
10,527
SI. 3261
i,449
81.9273
11,976
SI. 3988
34,044.98
3, 480. 92
7, 493. 82
3,548.35
48,568.07
21,000
$2. 3128
75,548.76
12, 755. 98
7, 284. 40
1,423.33
21,463.71
97,012.47
403, 993. 32
7,633.00
28.76
769. 25
93.43
960. 70
137. 78
1,989.92
9,622.92
135.00
23.14
12.06
3.23
38.43
173.43
13,226.35
427,016.08
4,678.40
4,333
$1. 1065
2,043
S2. 3678
6,376
$1. 5106
19,392.11
3,359.60
1, 866. 32
24, 618. 03
12, 199
$2. 0180
46, 8.50. 29
7, 781. 49
3, 0S7. 39
945. 07
11,813.95
58, 664. 24
245,483.61
4,021.00
724. 88
27.84
457.86
111.53
1,322.11
5,343.11
270.00
22.85
1.85
24.70
294. 70
6,592.92
257,714.34
4,821.96
5,925
$2. 5637
$0. 6085
7,007
$2.2617
13, 671. 55
2, 588. 74
1,116.05
17, 376. 34
14, 137
$1. 2291
3, 707. 08
2, 837. 63
491.54
7,036.25
286,629.11
9, 794. 00
83.40
188. 04
426.44
50.08
747.96
10,541.96
5,390.68
302,561.75
3,706.62
338
EEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit C. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 1. — Detailed cost of gates, caissons, emergency darn, and operating machinery,
etc., including installation, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Amount.
Gatim.
Pedro Miguel.
Miraflores.
Operating machinery— Continued.
Screens— Continued.
Installation expenses-
$163. 52
320. 65
35.68
$1,831.07
675.04
160. 41
$5.03
135.68
10.72
519. 85
2,666.52
151.43
Administrative and general expenses
183.28
132. 50
102.06
Total screens
5,381.53
7,621.04
3,960.11
Decking machinery chambers-
47,413.87
37,781.27
15,219.26
Installation expenses —
Surveys
50.39
7,846.24
5,465.05
808. 96
182. 58
3,941.15
3,170.59
308. 95
Setting and riveting .
3,102.25
1,490.33
135.55
Total installation expenses
14.170.64
7,663.27
4, 728. 13
2,399.74
879. 99
407. 10
Total decking machinery chambers
63,984.25
46,324.53
20, 354. 49
Decking approach walls-
25,596.06
Installation expenses-
Surveys
67.04
542. 63
10,716.12
3,056.04
1,127.48
193.39
1,830.68
Miscellaneous expenses
Division expense
13.65
5.58
471.73
196. 03
Total installation expenses
86.27
15,442.27
2,691.83
7.40
1,997.05
440.62
93.67
43,035.38
3,132.45
Recess covers —
Per cent completed
100.00
95.00
74.00
Contract payments
$8,437.33
$3,975.71
$10,224.31
Installation expenses-
Surveys
283.36
2, 500. 01
1,236.79
297. 95
238. 39
2,837.59
1,412.98
348. 53
69.57
7,090.76
561.28
92.05
Total installation expenses
4,318.11
4,837.49
7,813.66
Administrative and general expenses
866.42
706.04
448. 21
13,621.86
9,519.24
18,486.18
Machinery chambers (refacing)—
Refacing—
6,473.91
1,179.24
551.23
564.83
153.84
39.06
Total . . '
8,204.38
1,083.96
757. 73
85.15
9,288.34
842.88
Power cables-
Contract payments
263,328.45
60,987.72
123,995.71
KEPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
339
Exhibit O.-Detailed Cost of Work Dome by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913-Contmued.
Table 1— Detailed cost of gates, caissons, emergency dams, and operating machinery,
etc., includmg installation, to June 30, JPi-i— Continued .
Amount.
Gatun.
Pedro Miguel.
Miraflores.
Operating machinery— Continued.
Power cables— Continued.
Installation expenses-
$1.80
12,972.46
10, 277. 83
17,890.97
3,034.25
'"$4 ,'687. 86
6, .323. 08
6,964.02
1,381.98
S2,422.05
1,399.18
30, 158. 40
Division expense
649.17
Total installation expenses
44,177.31
19,356.94
34,628.80
Administrative and general expenses
10,649.01
3,502.90
3,770.15
Total power cables
318, 154. 77
83, 847. 56
162,394.66
Linear feet of cable pulled
329,387
106, 168
59,605
Cost of pulling and splicing per linear foot
$0. 0312
$0. 0596
$0. 0235
Lighting-
Contract payments
§7,465.37
S4, 56.3. 97
$9,014.47
Installation expenses-
575. 77
98.41
793.55
99.18
937. 79
201.84
1,213.23
179.31
532. 38
Division expense
29.01
1,. 566.91
2,532.17
561.39
Administrative and general expenses
245. 76
314.99
166. 90
Total Ughting
9,278.04
7,411.13
9, 742. 76
Lamp-posts—
Installation expenses-
191.95
2,133.65
3, 348. 40
176.25
647.95
146. 77
739. 12
15.48
12.37
118.61
59.85
479.92
.34
77.20
Division expense
47.23
6, 644. 97
214.04
945. 43
65.19
604.69
84.87
Total lamp-posts
6,859.01
1,010.62
689. 56
Caisson sills, adjustment-
Installation expenses-
16.63
8,462.35
579. 43
4,301.79
450.22
Surveys
2,485.04
601.57
3,5.39.32
278.43
632.89
136.17
3,085.75
Division expense
71.31
13,810.42
1,023.87
6,904.36
542.19
3,926.12
56.61
Total caisson sills, adjustment
14,8.34.29
7,446.55
3,982.73
Buffer timbers, material on hand
5,839.34
2,130.51
Preliminary maintenance and operation-
3,684.94
577. 98
293. 60
520. 76
3,884.74
758. 48
348. 88
1,109.38
731.76
97.94
53.92
Administrative and general expenses
112. 76
Total preliminary maintenance and operation
5,077.28
6,101.48
996. 38
Spare parts, material on hand
23,056.49
4.49
. 2,462,985.94
1,283,624.37
1,496,138.04
^_
340
EEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
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REPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
341
342
EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit C. — Detailed Cost op Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 3. — Hydroelectric power house, Gatun — Operating machinery.
[Detailed cost to June 30, 1913.]
Amount.
Inspection in the United States
Inspection on tiie Isthmus
Contract payments
Installation expenses:
Sm^-eys
Mechanical erection —
Penstocks
Turbines
Gatehouse
Draft tubes
Air-compressor system
Oil system !
Overhead crane
Lighting transformers
Ground busses
Conduits
Lighting fixtures and wiring
Electrical Installation —
Lighting transformers
Ground busses
Testing
Miscellaneous expenses
Division expense
Total Installation expenses
Administrative and general expenses
Total operating machinery, Gatun powerhouse
$273.36
16. 11
162,941.48
1,625.72
18,825.21
2,051.91
195. 10
2,985.89
16. .32
113.81
40.13
1.70
335.36
3G7.76
40.56
26.40
120.21
298. 28
9.974.86
1.271.74
38,290.96
7,882.91
209,404.82
Table 4. — Electric transmission line.
[Detailed cost to June 30, 1913.1
Quantities.
Amount.
Unit cost.
Cubic yards.
S735.44
3,60.5.67
Survevs
Construction cable ducts, Gatun:
Excavation
195
8
131.06
52.12
18.56
$0.6751
Concrete
6.5150
Total cable ducts, Gatun
202.34
Foundations for bridges:
Mile 34
1.0.58.66
2,104.03
5.04
5-12.43
Mile 35 ....
Mile .36 ...
3,710.16
Transformer substation, Gatun:
Excavation
1,612
1,612
183.34
14.62
.1137
Division expense
.0091
197. 96
1,675.95
3,086.81
801.30
14,015.63
REPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
343
Exhibit C. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 5. — Lighting and buoying canal, fiscal year 1913.
[Detail cost per unit of work.]
Quantities.
Amount.
Unit cost.
Preliminary work:
Cubic yards.
$17,131.91
3,338.80
Total division cost
20, 470. 71
3,084.08
Total cost
23,554.79
24,599.02
3,804.10
28, 403. 12
4,466.35
Administrative and general expense
Total cost
32,869.47
Total preliminary work
56, 424. 26
West breakwater light:
10,548.65
89.81
1, 194. 65
2,522.49
Structure, stairway
Division expense
Total division cost
14,355.60
1,730.11
Total cost
16,085.71
Tower 5, Atlantic, 74 feet 10 inches:
Foundations-
26.00
24.7
65.97
45.06
462.81
1,760.04
545. 13
603.10
104. 96
6.00
9.03
806. 15
572. 42
$1 7331
Masonry
18 7369
Structure-
Masonry
26 6795
Metal work
Illumination
Lantern glass
Handling material
Total division cost
4,914.70
447.38
Administrative and general expense
Total cost
5,362.08
Tower 6, Atlantic, 46 feet 4 Inches:
Foundations-
Excavation
19
14.2
40.5
24.23
156.52
919. 47
303.33
671. 47
78.38
13.96
9.03
344.56
285. 90
1 2752
Masonry
11. 0225
Structure-
Masonry
22. 7029
Stairway
Metal work
Carpenter work
Illumination
Lap tern glass
Division expense
Total division cost
2, 806. 85
239.98
Total cost
3,046.83
Foundations-
Excavation
400
77
22.1
560. 27
1,757.59
862. 68
129.61
609.35
8.13
36.40
1 4007
Masonry
22 8268
Structure —
Masonry
35 6782
Metal work
Painting
Carpenter work
344
EEPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit C. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 5. — Lighting and buoying canal, fiscal year 191.3 — Continued.
Quantities.
Amount.
Unit cost.
Tower 1, lake, 28 feet 10 Inches— Continued.
Cubic yards.
$43. 17
636.49
540. 44
Total division cost
5,184.13
365. 64
Total cost
5,549.77
Tower 2, lake, 87 feet 10 inches:
20.43
901. 46
2,655.16
2, 849. 76
477.99
642. 71
23.22
187. 21
2.14
20.70
1,653.09
1,816.67
Foundations-
612.4
1S6
87. 96
$1.4720
14. 2569
Structure—
32. 3984
Metal work
Painting
Handling material
Total division cost
11,250.54
938. 40
Total cost
12, 188. 94
Tower 3, lake, 30 feet 7 inches:
Foundations-
35
53
10.92
57.96
681. 45
521. 13
67.57
1.60
80.60
4.29
717. 02
306. 08
1.6560
12. 8575
Structure—
Masonry
47. 7225
2,437.70
227. 70
Total cost
2,665.40
Tower 4, lake:
67.57
80.61
4.29
.77
Lantern glass
153.24
9.07
Administrative and general expense
Total cost
162.31
Tower 5, lake, 30 feet 7 inches:
E.xcavation
35
77
10.92
67.62
1,813.85
488. 59
83.09
1.60
SO. 61
4.29
2,310.73
717.17
1.9320
23. 5564
Structure-
44. 7426
Metal work . .
Total division cost
.5,567.55
504.34
Total cost
6,071.89
REPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
345
Exhibit C —Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildincs, to June 30, 1913— Oontmued.
Table b.— Lighting and buoying canal, fiscal year ^.9/.^— Continued.
Tower 6, lake:
Stnicture —
Metal work
Carpenter work.
Lantern glass
Division expense . . .
Quantities.
Cubic yards
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost.
Tower 7, lake, 30 feet 7 inches:
Foundations —
Excavation
Masonry
Structxu-e—
Masonry
Metal work
Painting
Carpenter work
Lantern glass
Handling material
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost.
31.00
10.48
10.92
Amount.
Tower 8, lake:
Surveys and clearing.
Structure-
Metal work
Carpenter work . .
Lantern glass
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost.
Tower 9, lake, 30 feet 7 inches:
Surveys and clearing
Foundations —
Excavation
Masonry
Structure-
Masonry
Metal work
Painting
Carpenter work
Lantern glass
Handling material
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expease.
Total cost.
Tower 10, lake:
Surveys and clearing.
Stnicture—
Metal work
Carpenter work..,
Lantern glass
Handling material —
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost
30.00
10.48
$67. 55
80.62
4.29
.77
153.23
9.08
162.31
47.44
99.21
648.99
67.57
1.59
80.60
4.29
645. 13
213.31
Unit cost.
1,808.13
136. 00
1,944.13
344. 73
67.57
80.61
4.29
46.46
543. 66
16.75
560. 41
2.33
34.21
37.17
615.93
67.55
1.59
80.60
4.28
859. 91
252. 03
1,955.60
123. 93
2,079.53
160. 52
67.55
80.61
4.28
25.86
50.54
389.36
33.89
423. 25
$1.5303
9. 4666
59. 4316
1.1403
3. 5467
56. 4038
346
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit C. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 5. — Lighting and buoying canal, fiscal year 1913 — Continued.
Quantities.
Amount.
Unit cost.
Tower 11, lake, 30 feet 7 inches:
Surveys and clearing
Cubic yards.
$121.61
124.47
486. 52
360. 54
145. 74
1.69
146.21
4.28
1,992.98
878. 75
Foundations-
Excavation ...
42.00
79.50
11.00
$2 9636
Masonry
6.1197
Structure—.
Masonry
32. 7764
Metal work
Painting
Carpenter work
Lantern glass
Handling material
Division expense
Total division cost
4,262.69
441.32
Administrative and general expense
Total cost
4,704.61
Tower 12, lake:
Surveys and clearing
390. 02
.50
22.27
68.33
1.59
80.60
4.28
20.83
98.59
Foundations — masonry
Structure-
Masonry
Painting
Carpenter work
Lantern glass
Handling material
Division expense
Total division cost
687.01
56.88
Total cost
743. 89
Surveys and clearing
211.85
68.32
80.61
4.28
27.46
Metal work
Lantern glass
Division expense
Total division cost
392. 52
13.12
Administrative and general expense
Total cost
405. 64
Tower 14, lake:
Surveys and clearing
135. 89
68.32
80.60
4.28
36.32
Structure-
Carpenter work
Lantern glass
Division expense
Total division cost
325. 41
32.32
Total cost
357. 73
Tower 15, lake, 30 feet 7 inches:
Surveys and clearing
328. 72
37.01
55. 28
398. 98
91.59
113.61
101.13
4.28
1,768.24
685.24
Foundations-
Excavation
28.00
10.50
11.00
1 3218
Masoru-y
5. 2648
Structure-
Masonry
3. 6271
Metal work
Painting
Lantern glass
Division expense
Total division cost
3.584.08
220. 58
Totalcost ....
3,804.66
REPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
347
Exhibit C. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 5. — Lighting and buoying canal, fiscal year 1913 — Continued.
Quantities.
Amount.
Unit cost.
Tower U), lake, 30 feet 7 inches:
Surveys and clearing
Foundations-
Excavation
Masonry
Structure —
Masonry
Metal work
Painting
Carpenter work
Lantern glass
Handling material
Division expense
CvMc yards.
28
10.5
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost.
Tower 17, lake, 30 feet 7 inches:
Surveys and clearing
Foundations-
Excavation
Masonry
Structure —
Masonry
Metal work
Painting
Carpenter work
Lantern glass
Handling material
Division expense
63
67.5
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost .
Tower 18, lake, 50 feet 7 inches:
Surveys and clearing
Foundations —
Excavation
Masonry
Structure —
Masonry
Metal work
Painting
Carpenter work
Lantern glass
Handling material
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expraise .
Total cost.
P.eacon 19, lake:
Surveys and clearing.
Division exi)ense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
m^. 59
22.09
114.44
515. 07
69.35
12.20
140. 48
4.28
1,175.90
661.02
3,050.42
254. 47
3, 304. J
156. 42
49.80
798. 02
422. 07
91.76
8.42
114.27
4.28
2, 358. 61
723. 98
4,727.63
349. 42
5,077.05
75.44
45.52
158. 05
622. 79
88.76
21.85
133. 15
4.28
1,090.66
528. 58
2, 769. 08
276.28
3,045.36
19.60
4.36
23.96
2.56
Total cost.
Heacon 20, lake:
Surveys and clearing.
Division expense
19.60
4.36
Total division cost
Administrative and general expanse.
Total cost •
23.96
2.56
$0. 7889
10. 8990
46. 8245
.7905
11.8225
38. 3700
.9685
12. 1577
27. 6796
348
EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit C. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 5. — Lighting and buoying canal, fiscal year 1913 — Continued.
Quantities.
Amount.
Unit cost.
Tower 22, lake , 30 feet 7 inches:
Surveys and clearing
Cubic yards.
$18.56
37.59
158.35
644.59
154.35
82.10
4.28
526.57
222.67
Foundations —
Excavation
35
10.48
10.9
$1.0740
Masonry
15.1097
Structure-
Masonry
59. 1366
Metal work
Carpenter work
Lantern glass
Handling material •
Division expense
Total division cost
1,849.06
167.52
Administrative and ffinernl RxppnsR ,
Total cost
2,016.58
Tower 23, lake:
Survevs and clearing
18.54
65.88
55.11
4.28
7.24
Structure-
Metal work
Carpenter work
Lantern glass
Division expense
Total division cost
151.05
11.58
-
Administrative and general expense . .
Total cost
162.63
Tower 24, lake, 28 feet 10 inches:
Surveys and clearing
1.03
14.51
113. 15
414.33
134. 84
761.81
28.31
36.56
1.93
9.03
99.76
191.25
Foundations-
Excavation
10
5.7
22.1
1. 4510
Masonry
19.8508
Structure-
Masonry
18. 7479
Stairway
Metal work
Painting
Carpenter work
Illumination
Lantern glass
Handling material
Division expense
Total division cost
1,806.51
169.24
Administrative and general expense, .
Total cost
1,975.75
Tower 25, lake, 46 feet 4 inches:
Survevs and clearing
3.10
63.52
206.49
1,008.79
247.06
719.65
30.24
68.26
1.93
9.03
686.14
427. 14
Foundations-
Excavation
35
14.2
40.5
1.8149
Masonry
14.5415
Structure-
Masonry
24.9085
Stairwav
Metal work
Painting
. Carpenter work
Illumination
Lantern glass
Handling material
Division expense
Total division cost
3,471.35
338.51
Administrative and general expense
3,809.86
REPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
349
Exhibit C. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 5. — Lighting and buoying canal, fiscal year 1913— Contmned.
Quantities.
Amount.
Unit cost.
Tower 27, lake, 42 feet 4 inches:
Surveys and clearing
Foundations —
Excavation
Masonry
Structure-
Masonry
Stairway
Metal work
Painting
Carpenter work
Handling material
Division expense
Cubic yards.
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost.
Tower 28, lake:
Surveys and clearing .
Structure-
Metal work
Carpenter work..,
Lantern glass
Handling material
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expenses.
Total cost.
Beacon, Santa Cruz:
Surveys and clearing .
Foundations-
Excavation
Masonry
Handling material
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense .
Total cost.
Beacon, Bas Obispo:
Surveys and clearing. .
Foundations, masonry.
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost.
Tower 1, Pacific, 42 feet 4 inches:
Foundations —
Excavation
Masonry
Structure-
Masonry
Stairway
Metal work
Painting
Carpenter work
Illumination
Lantern glass
Handling material
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost
170
14.2
40.7
$38. 35
295. 06
203. 29
810. 71
160. 43
498. 69
3.18
52.87
702. 90
352. 49
3,117.97
185. 57
81
110
38.6
3,303.54
339. 76
105. 56
5.97
4.28
22.49
60.50
538. 56
39.37
577. 93
52.57
22.88
92.16
113. 43
39.21
320.25
9.72
329.97
65.72
4.17
18.37
88.26
14.24
140. 28
2, 389. 24
990. 52
127.12
612. 12
19.00
64.44
631. 12
9.03
1,415.88
736. 70
7, 135. 45
559. 29
7,694.74
$1.7356
14.3162
19. 9192
1.7319
21. 7203
25.6611
350
KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit C— Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 5. — Lighting and buoying canal, fiscal year 191S — Continued.
Quantities.
Amount.
Unit cost.
Tower 2, Pacific, 46 feet 4 inchae:
Foundations —
E xcavation
Masonry
Structure-
Masonry
Stairway
Metal work
Painting
Carpenter work
Illumination
Lantern glass
Handling material
Division expense
Cubic yards.
28
14.2
40.5
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense .
Total cost
Tower 3, Pacific, 28 feet 10 inches:
Foundations— masonry
Structure —
Masonry
Stairway
Metal work
Painting
Carpenter work
Illumination
Lantern glass
Handling material
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense .
Total cost
Tower 4, Pacific, 46 feet 4 inches:
Foundations— masonry ,
Structure —
Masonry
Stairway
Metal work
Painting
Carpenter work
Illumination
Lantern glass
Handling material
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost
Beacon 5, Pacific:
Foundations —
Piles in place...
Masonry
Structure —
Steel frame
Masonry
Metal work
Carpenter work.
Illumination
Handling material. .
Division expense. . .
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost
149
21.3
68.2
40.5
S26.40
205.44
1,037.33
139. 43
649. 62
26.20
87.69
645. 67
9.03
1,208.58
468. 01
4, 503. 40
389. 01
4,892.41
2,908.78
1,002.07
74.36
605. 76
64.23
37.22
1,575.12
9.03
969. 00
612.53
7, 858. 10
404.46
8, 262. 56
1, 190. 48
1,745.58
139. 43
642.71
34.07
72.08
1,575.12
9.03
875. 93
642. 47
6, 926. 90
449. 84
7,376.74
264.05
196.96
407.43
880.09
18. 03
31.01
4.95
302. 79
308. 99
2,414.30
162. 69
2,576.99
REPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
351
Exhibit C —Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913— Continued.
Table b.— Lighting and buoying canal, fiscal year /9i5— Continued.
Beacon 6, Pacific:
Foundations, piles in place .
Siracture —
Steel frame
Masonry
Metal work
Handlins material
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost
Beacon 7, Pacific:
Foimdations—
Piles in place . . .
Masonry
Structure —
Steel frame
Masonry
Metal work
Carpenter work.
Illumination
Handling material. .
Division expense. . .
Quantities.
Cubic yards.
Amount.
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost.
Beacon 8, Pacific:
Foundations —
Piles in place...
Masonry
Structure —
Steel frame
Masonry
Metal work
Carpenter work.
TUumuiation
Handling material. .
Division expense. . .
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost.
Beacon 9, Pacific:
Foundations, piles in place.
Structure —
Steel frame
Masonry
Metal work
Handling material
Division expense
Total division cost
.Administrative and general expense.
Total cost
Beacon 10, Pacific, fomidations, piles in place.
Tower 12, Pacific, 28 feet 10 inches:
Foundations, masonry
Structure —
Masonry
Stairway
Metal work
Carpenter work
Lantern glass
Handling material
Division expense
Total division cost. .•
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost .......... r -.•..•••-".. .
5.7
22.1
$198. 00
277.74
140.39
9.17
3.61
7.79
636.60
5.90
642. 50
264.06
218. 70
277.74
653.16
29.77
43.58
4.95
168. 79
178. 74
Unit cost.
1,839.49
120.34
1,959.83
309.79
138.09
277.74
660.75
23.70
21.26
1.13
172.19
161.20
1,765.85
110. 46
1,876.31
198.00
277.74
140.86
9.16
3.50
7.79
637. 05
5.90
642. 95
198.00
148.32
698. 26
114.00
639.14
46.92
17.53
178. 89
286. 08
2, 129. 14
219.35
2,348.49
$21. 8700
26. 0210
31.5955
352
EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit 0. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 5. — Lighting and buoying canal, fiscal year 1913 — Continued.
Quantities.
Amount.
Unit cost.
Tower 13, Pacific, 28 feet 10 inches:
Foundations, masonry
Cubic yards.
5.7
22.1
$57.66
451.42
74.36
596.04
37.61
9.03
466. 70
194.80
$10. 1157
Structure-
20. 0190
1,887.62
184.63
2,072.25
Reference targets:
Number.
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
243. 29
429. 80
322.82
394.62
97.45
147.05
603. 14
379.98
168. 17
260. 64
362. 17
285.97
786.20
654. 53
116. 47
50.51
261.86
1,134.02
243. 2900
Bohio—
North
214. 9000
P.I
322. 8200
South
197.31(X)
97. 4500
Frijoles, P. I
147. 0500
603. 1400
San Pablo-
379. 9800
Middle
168. 1700
260. 6400
Caimito
181. 0850
West
142. 9850
393. 1000
327. 2650
58. 23o0
Bas Obispo—
25. 2550
South
130. 9300
6,698.69
599. 72
7.298.41
Transmission lines:
Poles in place
Linearfeet.
15,600
15, 600
15,600
15,600
1,537.16
1,294.70
178. 19
473.49
.0985
.0830
.0114
.0304
15,600
15,600
3,483.54
306.57
.2233
Administrative and general expense
.0197
15,600
3,790.11
.2430
Bas Obispo conduit-
90.22
9.38
15.61
115. 21
3.19
Administrative and general expense
Total cost
118. 40
To tower 28, lake-
213. 66
7.43
Total division cost
221.09
100.22
EEPOET OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
353
Exhibit C. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 5. — Lighting and buoying canal, fiscal year 1913 — Continued.
Quantities.
Gas buoys. Pacific entrance:
Unloading upon delivery .
Assembling
Painting
Assembling chain
Sinkers
Cnains
Placing on station
Contract payments
Division expense
I
! Number.
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost
Gas buoys, Porto Bello: Placing on station.
Miscellaneous expenses:
Lighting ranges and beacons —
Pacific entrance
Atlantic entrance
Illumination— experimental
Total miscellaneous
Material on hand and unapplied
Total construction expenditures .
Amount.
$90.63
211.54
53.24
59.45
98.00
662.87
496. 75
17,370.00
205. 63
19,248.11
1,878.96
21,127.07
Unit cost.
275.00
$15. 1050
35.2567
8. 8733
9.9083
16. 3333
110. 4783
82. 7917
2, 895. 0000
34. 2717
3,208.0183
313. 1600
275.0000
1,127.29
546. 96
1,057.82
2,732.07
147,776.49
370,485.08
Table 6.^ — Cristobal terminals.
[Detailed cost to June 30, 1913.]
Coaling plant:
Designing
Dredging —
Clearing site
Blasting
Division expense
Total
Total coaling plant . .
Fuel-on tanks:
Inspection on Isthmus
Land damages
Roadways
Foundations
Painting
Pipe lines
Division expense
Total fuel-oil tanks
Total Cristobal terminals
11834°— 13 23
Amount.
$439. 89
474.28
474. 79
35.59
984.66
1,424.55
621.06
2,415.00
3, 765. 70
4,505.85
201.34
1, 452. 64
102.00
13,063.59
14,488.14
354
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit C. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 7. — Terminal facilities Balboa, fiscal year 1913.
[Detail cost per unit of work.]
Preliminary and general work:
Surveys
Clearing site
Boring and test pits
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost
Preparing sites, general:
Miscellaneous work —
Removal of buUdings
Removal of landing stage for Union Oil Co
Removal and rearrangement of Panama R. R. tracks.
General tracks
Removal and reconstniction Balboa- Ancon road
Removal and construction of water mains
Concrete drain ditch, Sosa Hill
Removal of quartermaster's material yard
Line to Diablo HiU
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost.
Excavation-
Clearing
Drilling
Blasting
Excavation by steam shovel.
Excavation by hand
Tracks
Transportation
Dumps
Drainage
Maintenance of equipment . .
Plant arbitrary
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost.
Filling-
Transportation
Trestles
Tracks
Filling and grading
Maintenance of equipment.
Plant arbitrary
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost
Yards and tracks-
Filling
Installation
Division expense.
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost
Total preparing site, general.
Quantities. Amount. Unit cost
Cubic yards.
368
412,
412,
412,
395,
17,
412,
412,
412,
412,
412,
412,
412,
412,707
412, 707
412,707
505,419
505,419
505, 419
505, 419
505, 419
505, 419
505, 419
505,419
505, 419
23,283
822,028.77
6, 992. 90
2,296.91
1,703.93
28,428.69
3,848.59
32, 277. 28
60,955.17
10,615.05
56, 435. 10
2,418.57
5,142.57
11,725.46
5,003.12
4,944.95
7, 772. 03
2,615.24
167, 627. 26
9,397.51
177,024.77
51.61
31,541.65
35, 672. 20
30,418.09
4,338.80
31,788.94
14,694.74
8,481.59
2,340.43
23,815.19
39,241.52
9,572.81
231,957.57
17,241.92
249, 199. 49
23,125.81
2, 459. 07
72, 439. 88
47,034.77
12,679.52
37,960.48
6,064.54
201,764.07
13,034.34
214,798.41
5,620.64
8,691.15
739. 82
15,051.61
1,392.21
REPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
355
Exhibit C— Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913— Continued.
Table 7.— Terminal facilities Balboa, fiscal year 19 IS— Continued.
Dredging inner basin :
Dredging harbor-
Clearing - • ■ ■ ■
Operation seagoing suction dredge.
Repairs seagoing suction dredge . . .
Operation small ladder dredge
Repairs small ladder dredge
Operation large ladder dredge
Repairs large ladder dredge
Operation dipper dredge
Repairs dipper dredge
Operation pipe-line dredge
Repairs pipeJine dredge
Dikes -.•
Pipe lines
Ditching
Operation tugs, clapets, and scows .
Repairs tugs, clapets, and scows —
Small boats
Repairs miscellaneous equipment. .
Plant arbitrary
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost.
Reclaiming land-
Clearing
Operation relay pumps.
Repairs relay pumps. . .
Pipe lines
Dikes
Plant arbitrary
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost
Total cost dredging.
Msiin dry dock:
Preliminary work —
Clearing
Surveys
Boring and test pits
Designing
Testmg material
Granite from Cocori Island .
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost.
Dry excavation-
Clearing
Drilling
Blasting
Excavation by steam shovel.
Excavation by hand
Tracks
Transportation
Dumps
Drainage
Maintenance of equipment. . .
Plant arbitrary
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense .
Total cost
Quantities.
Cubic yards.
1,771,814
59,463
59, 463
605, 952
605,952
10,000
10,000
15, 699
15, 699
1,080,700
1,080,700
1,080,700
1,080,700
1,080,700
631,651
631,651
1,771,814
1,771,814
1,771,814
1,771,814
1,771,814
1,771,814
Amount.
$2, 672. 98
2, 115. 99
621.99
20,981.75
10,517.54
1, 166. 71
853.11
2, 179. 79
1,072.43
47,858.54
26, 808. 50
700.54
10,513.86
1,974.95
39, 469. 40
15,250.51
7,502.26
9,753.83
18, 650. 93
6, 493. 66
Unit cost.
1,771,814
1,080,700
1,080,700
1,080,700
1,080,700
1,080,700
1,080,700
1,080,700
1,080,700
1,080,700
1,080,700
1,771,814
227, 159. 27
21,622.88
248, 782. 15
425.13
23,593.84
2,441.98
6,096.90
12,276.00
1,391.09
732. 71
46,957.65
3,859.18
50,816.83
299,598.98
145,478
145,478
145,478
145,478
145,478
145,478
145,478
145,478
145, 478
145,478
145,478
145,478
145,478
145,478
548. 40
233.56
10,6.52.94
7,502.98
59.53
12.71
650. 15
19,660.27
1,198.02
20, 858. 29
9,437.24
27,563.97
12, 196. 44
11,505.24
1.87
18, 195. 35
6, 729. 01
103. 61
6,209.16
13, 197. 99
16,190.10
1,757.97
123,087.95
7,049.93
130,137.88
•SO. 0015
. 0356
. 0105
.0346
.0174
.1167
.0853
. 138S
.0683
.0443
.0248
.0006
.0097
.0018
.0625
.0241
.0042
.0055
.0105
.0037
.1282
.0122
.1404
.0004
.0218
.0023
.0056
.0114
.0013
.0007
.0435
.0035
.0470
.1691
.0649
.1894
. 0838
.0791
.1251
.0463
.0007
.0427
.0907
.1113
.0121
.8461
.0485
.8946
356
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit C. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 7 .— Terminal facilities Balboa, fiscal year 191S — Continued.
Main dry dock— Continued.
Gates-
Recess covers
Division expense. . .
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense .
Total cost
Total main dry dock.
Coaling plant:
Preliminary work —
Clearing
Surveys
Boring and test pits.
Designing
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense .
Total.
Dry excavation —
Clearing
Drilling
Blasting
Excavation by steam shovel.
Excavation by hand
Tracks
Transportation
Dumps
Drainage
Maintenance of equipment. . .
Plant arbitrary
. Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost.
Total coaling plant.
Sea wall:
Preliminary work-
Surveys
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense .
Total cost
Permanent shops:
Preliminary work —
Clearing
Surveys
Boring and test pits
Designing, general
Motorizing machinesj designing.
Filling and grading site
Construction tracks
Inspection in the United States.
Inspection on the Isthmus
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost
Quantities.
Cubic yards.
58,221
58,221
58, 221
58, 221
58, 221
58,221
58, 221
58, 221
58, 221
58, 221
58,221
58,221
58, 221
58,221
Amount.
$751.05
5.20
756. 25
97.01
853. 26
151,849.43
82.25
.32
1,596! 94
476. 50
116. 74
2,272.75
182. 55
2,455.30
3, 776. 83
11,031.24
4,881.09
4,604.45
.76
7,281.87
2,692.97
41.46
2,484.93
5,281.89
6,479.36
703. 55
49,260.40
2,821.42
52,081.82
54,537.12
2.66
.07
2.73
.26
2.99
7,800.16
4, 857. as
660. 75
15, 560. 85
1,176.51
224. 98
2, 194. 42
6,644.54
685.31
596. 98
40,402.13
1,565.92
41,968.05
Unit cost.
REPORT OF COST-KEEPINfl ACCOUNTANT.
357
Exhibit 0. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 7. — Terminal facilities Balboa, fiscal year 1913 — Continued.
Quantities.
Amount.
Unit cost.
Permanent shops — Continued.
Foundations-
Excavation—
Clearing
Blasting
Excavation
Tracks
Transportation
Drainage
Cribbing
Maintenance of equipment.
Plant arbitrary
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost .
Concrete —
Cement
Stone
Sand
Mixing
Forms
Placing
Reenforcements
Iron in place
Pumps
Maintenance of equipment.
Plant arbitrary
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost.
Wood piles-
Wood piles in place.
Division expense . . .
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost.
Concrete piles-
Concrete piles in place.
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost.
4-foot caissons-
Clearing
Excavation.
Tracks
Pumps
Oubic yards
29,684
29, 684
29, 684
29,684
29,684
29,684
29,684
29,684
29,684
29,684
$5,598.71
2.99
26,674.43
1,076.24
484.55
684.69
6,101.46
1,134.78
3,279.58
1,289.98
29,684
29,684
46, 327. 41
4,862.25
29,684
7,787
7,787
7,787
7,787
7,787
7,787
7,787
7,787
7,787
7,787
7,787
7,787
14,654.47
6,492.33
3,176.29
7,172.03
14,867.87
7,081.47
5, 196. 92
6,414.01
3,317.41
490. 33
1,807.31
1,040.80
7,787
7,787
71,711.24
6,829.40
7,787
78,540.64
Linear feet.
135,442
135,442
64,212.99
1,066.79
135, 442
135,442
65,279.78
8,559.43
135,442
73, 839. 21
3,060
3,060
9,833.86
67.67
3,060
3,060
9,901.53
226.21
3,060
10, 127. 74
Cubic yards
242
Steel cylinders in place.
Plant arbitrary
Division expense
Linear Jeet.
315
667. 03
1,497.71
387. 87
589.97
1,470.77
11.55
76.55
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
315
315
4,701.45
170. 03
Total cost.
315
4,871.48
3-foot caissons-
Iron in place
Division expense .
420. 51
1.57
Total division cost.
422.08
$0. 188(1
.0001
.8980
.0303
.0163
.0231
.2055
.0382
.1105
.0435
1.5607
.1638
1. 7245
1.8819
.8337
.4079
.9210
1. 9093
.9094
.6674
. 8237
.4260
.0630
.2321
.1337
9. 2091
.8770
.4741
.0079
.4820
.0632
.5452
3. 2137
.0221
3. 2358
.0739
3. 3097
6.1889
4.6691
14. 9252
.5398
15. 4650
358
EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit C. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 7. — Terminal facilities Balboa, fiscal year 1913 — Continued.
Quantities.
Amount.
Unit cost.
Permanent shops— Continued.
Foundations— Continued.
9-inch steel tubing-
Tubing in place
$108. 15
.41
Division expense
Total di vision cost
108. 56
Backfilling-
Backfill
Cubic yards.
4,338
4,338
4,338
2,937.56
295. 26
72.34
$0. 6771
Plant arbitrary
.0681
Division e.xpense
.0167
Total division cost
4,338
4,338
3,305.16
94.89
.7619
Administrative and general expense
.0219
Total cost
4,338
3,400.05
.7838
Total foundations
222, 499. 42
Floors-
Grading
250
110
3,722.41
946. 78
25.30
87.20
14 8896
Concrete
8.6071
Plant arbitrary
Division expense
Total division cost
4,781.69
Steel erection-
Contract payments
9,684.56
180.14
660. 72
3,949.23
1,088.85
25.10
118.26
Inspection
Material furnished contractors
Erection tracks
Transportation
Air and water service
Division expense
15,706.86
1,357.98
Administrative and general expense
Total cost .'
17,064.84
Roofs-
Roofing
442.85
5.40
Division expense
Total division cost
448. 25
Superstructure-
Wood forms in place
411.12
12.91
105.66
845.92
113.72
22.22
Mixing
Placing
Tile in place
Division expense
Total division cost
1,511.55
Machinery installation-
Foundations—
Excavation
3,685
197
2,325.11
2,487.23
115.16
444.68
95.37
6310
12 6255
Irons In place
Division expense
Total division cost
5,467.55
332.59
Administrative and general expense
Total cost
5,800.14
Miscellaneous-
Motorizing machines
883.13
939.25
790.29
2,115.18
397.61
51.35
Sand bins
Weatherprooflng — shop tunnel
Electric conduit— shop tiumel
Rock nil — shop t,iinn«l
Division expense
Total division cost
•
5, 176. 81
276.62
Total cost
5,453.43
Total permanent shops
299,527.37
— ' ■
REPORT OF COST-KEEPING ACCOUNTANT.
359
ExHfBiT ('.—Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 7.— Terminal facilities Balboa, fiscal year 1913 — Continued.
Docks:
Preliminary work-
Clearing
Surveys
Boring and test pit.s .
Dikes
Designing
Construction tracks. .
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost.
Excavation for piers —
Clearing
Drilling
Blasting
Excavation by steam shovel.
Excavation by hand
Transportaaon
Dumps
Drainage
Maintenance of equipment. .
Plant arbitrary
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense.
Total cost .
Concrete masonry, piers —
Construction of caisson shells —
Cement
Stone
Sand
Mixing
Wood forms
Steel forms
Placing concrete in shell
Placing shell in place
Cutting caissons to grade . . .
Reenforcement
Pumps
Maintenance of equipment.
Plant arbitrary
Steel shoes in place ,
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense .
Total cost.
Filling in caissons-
Cement
Stone
Sand
Mixing
Steel forms in place
Placing
Reenforcement ia place . . .
Pumps
Maintenance of equipment .
Plant arbitrary
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense .
Total cost
Quantities. Amount. Unit cost
$68. 41
730. 27
3,591.84
8,960.32
935. 65
14,054.50
772. 78
29,113.77
2, 240. 68
31,354.45
Cubic yards.
28,834
28,834
28,834
20, 4£J
8,354
28,834
28, 834
28,834
28,&34
28,834
28,834
28,834
28,834
28,834
9,446
9,446
9,446
9,446
9,446
9,446
9,446
9,446
9,446
9,446
9,446
9,446
9,446
9,446
9,446
9,446
9,446
9,446
■3,914
3,914
3,914
3,914
3,914
3,914
3,914
3,914
3,914
3,914
3,914
3,914
3,914
354.99
1.60
13.82
937.09
40,a54.49
1,284.86
1.04
20, 805. 14
11,207.76
3,100.30
2,046.27
79, 807. 36
6,386.41
86, 193. 77
25,936.31
7,393.11
3,651.47
7,201.83
4,309.67
8, 829. 35
2, 166. 75
18,817.99
267. 51
24,231.21
437.06
4,871.27
2, 199. 17
9, 259. 05
1,553.06
121, 124. 81
10,855.85
131,980.66
6, 298. 56
3, 604. 62
1,608.70
2, 195. 09
1,787.59
1,626.88
8,134.33
2,033.89
266. 13
900. 22
296.53
28, 752. 54
2,173.56
30,926.10
$0.0123
.0001
. 0005
. 0458
4. 7946
.0446
.7215
.3887
. 1075
.0710
2. 7678
. 2215
2. 9893
2. 7457
.7827
.3866
.7624
.4562
.9347
.2294
1.9922
.0283
2. 5652
.0463
.5157
.2328
.9802
.1644
12.8228
1. 1493
1.6092
.9210
.4110
.5608
.4567
.4157
2.0783
.5196
.0680
.2300
.0758
7.3461
.5553
360
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit C. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913 — Continued.
Table 7. — Terminal facilities Balboa, fiscal year 1913 — Continued.
Quantities.
Amount.
Unit cost.
Docks— Continued .
Floor system-
Wood forms in place
$5,382.93
1,383.25
20,926.34
1,737.96
689. 27
260.16
Placing.
Reenforcement . .
Excavation for girders
Division expense. . .
30,379.91
4,053.47
Administrative and general expense
Total cost
34,433.38
Miscellaneous-
Snubbing posts
65.84
1,904.00
7.42
Division expense
1,977.26
Total docks
316, 865. 62
Permanent oil tanks and pipe lines:
Tracks .. . . .
51.59
1,881.05
147. 99
583.98
3.08
8.49
Concrete foimdations
Division expense
Total division cost.. .. .
2,676.18
24.41
Administrative and general expense
2, 700. 59
1,814,825.87
Table 8. — Permanent town sites
[Detailed cost to June 30, 1913.]
Amount.
Balboa:
Surveys
Clearing
Filling and grading
Sewers
Drainage
Paving
Temporary buildings
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense
Total
La Boca:
Surveys
Filling and grading
Water works
Sewers
Division expense
Total division cost
Total permanent town sites
$1,997.94
198.58
11,010.36
21,737.77
1,344.02
8,559.93
173. 43
785. 52
45,807.55
3, 535. 70
49,343.25
220.00
2,406.73
3,386.78
569.60
68.11
6,651.22
5.5,994.47
BEPORT OF COST-KEEPTNn ACCOUNTANT.
301
Exhibit C. — Detailed Cost of Work Done by First and Second Divisions and
ON Permanent Town Sites and Buildings, to June 30, 1913— Continued.
Table 9. — Permanent buildings.
[Detailed cost to June 30, 1913.]
Quantities.
Amount.
Unit cost.
Designing, general
Administration buliding:
Preliminary work-
Survey's
Designing
Division expeiLse .
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense .
Total
Foundations-
Excavation —
Clearing
Drilling
Blasting
Excavation by power
Excavation by hand
Tracks
Transportation
Dumps
Pumps
Maintenance of equipment.
Division expense
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense .
Total
Masonry-
Cement
Stone
Sand
Mixing
Forms
Placing
Division expense .
Total division cost
Administrative and general expense .
Total
Steel erection —
Freiglit and handling.
Division expense
Total division cost.
Total administration building
Laborers' quarters, La Boca, buUdings reerected.
Total permanent buildings
Cubic yards
$20, 278. 84
38,073
38,073
38,073
36,516
1,557
38,073
38,073
38,073
38,073
38,073
38,073
38,073
38,073
38,073
770
770
770
770
770
770
770
770
770
770
963.85
166.67
78.44
1,208.96
37.25
1, 246. 21
103.41
619. 95
137. 46
4,652.43
2,419.58
8,811.91
1,586 26
481. 14
574.24
1,096.17
1,043.58
21,526.13
1,043.11
22, .569. 24
1,120.96
706. 06
353. 34
1,443.40
3,973.80
1,839.70
468. 53
9,905.79
238.95
10, 144. 74
474. 14
28.26
502.40
34, 462. 59
2, 496. 64
57,238.07
$0.0027
. 0163
.0036
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1.5540
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.0126
.0161
.0288
.0274
.5654
.0274
1.4558
.9170
.4589
1.8745
5.1607
2. 3892
.6085
12. 8646
. 3103
13. 1749
362
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369
Exhibit E.-
-COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND GENERAL EX-
PENSES FOR Fiscal Year 1912-13.
No.
Item.
Fiscal year-
Increase.
Decrease.
General administrative expenses
Miscellaneous general expenses:
On Isthmus
Canal Record
Clubhouses
Isthmian Canal Commission band
In the United States
Disbursing olficers:
On Isthmus
In the United States
Examiners of accounts:
On Isthmus
In the United States
Passenger transportation on Isthmus
Telegraph and telephones
Purchasing expenses in the United States
Operation of stores
■Recruiting and repatriating
Quarters
Construction of buildings, Department of Con-
struction and Engineering
Repairs to buildings. Department of Construc-
tion and Engineering
Operation docks and wharves, Isthmian Canal
Commission
Operation docks and wharves, Panama Rail-
road Co
$249,471.68
111,134.25
21,524.39
49, 925. 96
8, 765. 99
90, 826. 71
75, 578. IS
36, 848. 56
194,881.64
12,914.74
109,938.72
105, 299. 12
167, 405. 86
503,358.21
77,777.49
448,603.69
3,887.93
11,086.69
15,278.55
46, 166. 51
$259, 194. 95
91,851.49
18, 270. 04
50,565.61
12, 479. 14
96, 767. 10
72,968.32
34, 048. 69
159, 470. 05
12,021.02
109,287.90
143,634.64
169, 853. 60
462,031.90
65,915.45
415,636.75
1, 775. 96
7,552.41
19,862.68
23,969.98
$19, 282. 76
3, 254. 35
2,609.86
2,799.87
35,411.59
893. 72
650. 82
41,326.31
11,862.04
32, 966. 94
2, HI. 97
3,534.28
22,196.53
Total 2, 340, 674. 87
2,227,157.68
9, 723. 27
639.65
3,713.15
5, 940. 39
38,335.52
2,447.74
4,584.13
Exhibit F. — Statement oj?^ Salary Disbursements by Departments and Di-
visions, AND BY Appropriations, Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1913.
Officers and employees.
Skilled and unskilled labor.
Total pay
rolls.
Amount.
Per cent
of total.
Amount.
Per cent
of total.
Chairman and chief engineer
Atlantic division
$1,285,831.66
650, 168. 16
625,788.14
288,724.02
411,400.53
83, 740. 39
207,035.51
62,850.09
16,791.31
19.11
20. 84
14.91
11.76
33.33
38.13
99.84
100.00
9.77
$5,443,390.02
2, 470, 172. 15
3,572,824.43
2, 166, 939. 12
822, 754. 72
135,885.11
341. 15
80.89
79.16
85.09
88.24
66.67
61.87
.16
$6,729,221.68
3,120,340.31
4, 198, 612. 57
2, 455, 663. 14
1,234,155.25
219 625 50
Central division
Mechanical di\Tsion
Quartermaster's department
207,376.66
62, 850. 09
165 154 95
Disbursing officer
Personal injury claims
148,363.64
86.34
Total construction and en-
gineering
3,632,329.81
19.75
14,760,670.34
80.25
18,393,000.15
Sanitary department
678, 222. 30
479.50
76.91
73.16
203,629.43
175.91
23.09
26.84
881 851.73
Personal injury claims
655.41
Total sanitary department.
678,701.80
76.91
203,805.34
23.09
882,507.14
Department of civil administra-
tion
562,678.24
1, 492. 25
96.22
92.15
22, 127. 84
127. 12
3.78
7.85
584,806.08
1,619.37
Personal injury claims
Total department of civil
adminjstrfltjnn . . , ,
564, 170. 49
96.20
22,254.96
3.80
586,425.45
Total all departments
4,875,202.10
24.55
14,986,730.64
75.45
19, 861, 932. 74
11834°-
Appendix J.
REPORT OF CAPT. R. E. WOOD, UNITED STATES ARMY, CHIEF
QUARTERMASTER, IN CHARGE OF QUARTERMASTER'S DE-
PARTMENT.
Isthmian Canal Commission,
Quartermaster's Department,
Culehra, Canal Zone, July 1, 1913.
Sir : I submit the following report of the operations of the quarter-
master's department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913:
It was anticipated that the work of the department would diminish
during the period. The contrary has been the case, particularly in
the two main features of the department — supphes and quarters.
The value of the material purchased was greater than ever before,
the movement of material was heavy, and the number of employees
housed was greater than at any other time.
Subsidiary operations have also been on a more extensive scale.
The demolition and reerection of the entire settlements of Balboa and
Gorgona have increased the work of the building division; the busi-
ness of the printing plant was heavier than in any previous year, and
the work incident to the disposition of retired material and equip-
ment and the disposition and sale of scrap, obsolete material, and
equipment has grown to large proportions.
The cost of operations has decreased sUghtly as compared with the
previous fiscal year. Comparative statement for the past four years
is as follows:
1909-10
1910-11
1911-12
1912-13
Work of the quartermaster's depart-
$1,513,210.40
684,059.45
$1,182,728.01
663,318.18
$951,934.39
793,057.91
$975,710.81
Work performed for other departments.
721,761.85
Total
2,197,269.85
1,846,046.19
1,744,992.30
1, 697, 472. 66
The operations of the department are discussed in detail below:
organization.
The operation of the Balboa agency of the Panama Railroad Co.
was taken over by this department January 1, 1913.
The Gorgona and Empire storehouses were combined and placed
in charge of the Gorgona storekeeper April 1, 1913.
The timekeeping work was transferred to the examiner of accounts
on January 1, 1913.
371
372 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
PERSONNEL.
Changes have occurred as follows :_
Col. C. A. Devol was appointed brigadier general on March 4, 1913,
was relieved from duty with the Isthmian Canal Commission April
17, 1913, and detailed for duty at Washington, D. C, April 26, 1913.
Lieut. Walter B. Smith, constructing quartermaster, was reUeved
from duty with the Isthmian Canal Commission, July 1, 1913.
Mr. D. H. Beaman, storekeeper at Empire, resigned, effective April
1, 1913. ^ ;
Capt. R. E. Wood was appointed chief quartermaster May 27,
1913. I
Mr. C. B. Cook was placed in charge of building work May 7, 1913.
Mr. C. H. Mann, chief clerk, was appointed receiving and forward-
ing agent in charge of the Balboa agency March 1, 1913.
Mr. Joseph Birnie was appointed chief clerk March 1, 1913.
LABOR.
The force employed increased steadily during the first nine months
of the fiscal year until, on March 26, 1913, the number of men em-
ployed reached the highest point in the history of the canal work.
On that date the effective working force was 44,733, of which 39,089
were on the pay roU of the commission and Panama Railroad Co., and
5,644 on the pay rolls of the contractors handUng the work on the lock
gates, emergency dams, and other contracts in connection with the
work. Below is given a comparative statement of the number of
men working at the beginning and the end of the fiscal year and on
March 26, 1913:
June 30, 1912. Mar. 26, 1913.
June 30, 1913.
Gold
4,940
30,017
5,993
38,740
5,671
Silver
37,679
Total
34,957
44,733
43,350
A total of 45,107 laborers have been brought to the Isthmus since
the inception of the work. Of these, 11,873 were from Cuba and
European countries, and the balance from Colombia and the West
Indies. The constant increase of force created a demand for un-
skilled labor somewhat in excess of the supply, and in December,
1912, it became necessary to recruit laborers from Barbados; 528
were recruited and shipped to the Isthmus during January and Feb-
ruary, 1913.
During the fiscal year 1912 there was a decided decrease in immi-
gration to the Isthmus over the number reported for previous years,
the excess of arrivals over departures amounting to but 3,510.
This immigration continued small during the first few months of the
present fiscal year, but the constant demand for labor by the com-
mission, by outside parties, and the recruiting from Barbados, led
to a large movement from the West Indian Islands. The excess of
arrivals over departures during the present fiscal year was 9,534, or
almost three times as much as for the previous year. This immigra-
quartermaster's department. 373
tion, together with the recruitmg mentioned above, suppHed all the
labor necessary.
It was anticipated that in the fiscal year 1913 it would be necessary
to repatriate a considerable number of the laborers brought to the
Isthmus under contract. The constant demand for labor has obvi-
ated this and the number of repatriations has been relatively small.
A total of 552 Americans were given free transportation and returned
to the United States on account of completion of two years' satis-
factory service, reduction of force, sickness, undesirabUity, and other
causes. A total of 579 were furnished free transportation to the
West Indies and South America, and a total of 102 were furnished
free transportation to European countries for similar reasons. There
were but 369 contract laborers repatriated to the West Indies.
The question of the disposition of force has been merely postponed.
Portions of the canal work are rapidly approaching completion, and
the force of unskilled labor will oe much reduced during the next
few months. Preliminary steps to handle this reduction of force
have therefore been taken by requesting the heads of departments
and divisions to furnish advance notice when reductions of this
character are contemplated. An effort wiU be made to place the
labor to the best advantage on work opening up in near-by countries.
All contract laborers will be repatriated.
QUARTERS.
On June 30, 1913, there was a total of 23,184 men, women, and
children occupying commission quarters; practically the same num-
ber as reported at the close of the previous fiscal year. This number
was divided as follows:
In gold quarters 9, 173
In European quarters 4, 295
In West Indian quarters 9, 716
There was an increase in the gold and West Indian quarters and a
decrease in the European quarters. Over 90 per cent of the Amer-
ican and European employees but less than 25 per cent of the West
Indians occupy commission quarters.
The problem of housing employees properly has been a difficult
one during the past year. In many respects the situation has borne
an analogy to the early period of the canal work. With the opening
up of the terminal work and the increased activity on the Pacific side,
there has been a shift of the employees to the territory, Pedro Miguel
to Balboa, inclusive. There has been a congestion, especially in
bachelor quarters, in this territory. To meet the condition it was
necessary to move and reerect a large number of houses for use as
quarters.
A factor which has contributed to the difficulty in quartering
employees has been the demolition of two entire settlements — old
Balboa and Gorgona.
The demolition of the settlement of old Balboa necessitated the
transfer of the employees living at that point to Ancon and Corozal.
The demolition of the settlement oi Gorgona necessitated the
transfer and distribution of the employees living at that point to
other points on the Isthmus. There were approxunately 200 Amer-
ican families, 600 American bachelors, and several hundred West
374
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Indians in commission quarters who had to be cared for at other points.
This movement began in March and has been almost completed.
Smce March 1 no assignments to married quarters have been made
in the territory between Bas Obispo and Balboa, and all vacancies
occurring were given to employees transferred from the Gorgona
district.
At the close of the fiscal year the congestion had been relieved at
all points except at Balboa and Ancon. It is anticipated that quar-
ters now being erected will care for the force at those points.
ZONE SANITATION.
An exact record of the area of grass cut, and of the cost of cutting,
was kept during the past fiscal year. All grass cut was on requests
from the sanitary department. Total amount cut was 7,356 acres.
Of this, 4,822 acres were cut by scythe at an average cost of $9.05
per acre, and 2,534 acres by horse mowers at an average cost of $1.77
Eer acre. These figures do not include brush, all of which was cut
y hand.
A reduction of the unit cost has been effected by the increased use
of horse mowers. Considerable areas have been cut by machines,
which at one time it was not thought possible to cover except by
scythemen.
A comparison of the cost of sanitary work performed by this depart-
ment for the past four years is given below:
1910
1911
1912
1913
$233,693. 00
97, 139. 81
$210,403.29
77,284.48
8180,675.67
71,092.40
8125,983.21
63,700.96
Total
330,832.81
287,687.77
251,768.07
189,684.17
CORRALS.
On June 30, 1913, there were 527 pubhc animals stabled in the
commission corrals.
Throughout the year the supply of animal transportation has been
inadequate to meet the demand. Fifty mules were purchased in the
United States at a cost of $10,562, and were received on the Isthmus
May 26. These animals scarcely more than replaced the animals
which were condemned or which died during the year. The supply
is still inadequate.
Besides the animals purchased in the United States, 12 horses were
turned over by the pohce and fire departments to the quartermaster's
department.
Six horses and 20 mules were condemned and destroyed, 5 horses
and 4 mules died, a total loss of 35 animals. This loss is less than for
many previous years, and is very smaU considering the age and con-
dition of a large number of the animals.
QUAETEQMASTER S DEPAETMENT.
375
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.
There are 2,618 buildings on the Canal Zone owned by the commis-
sion, of which 1,856 are of American construction and 762 of French
construction. This represents a decrease of 121 from the total of the
preceding year.
The distribution of the buildings has been decidedly altered during
the past year on account of the large number of buildings moved from
one locahty to another.
Twenty-one buildings were sold, 122 demohshed, and 4 blown down
or destroyed by fire. Most of the buildings sold were located in
Nombre de Dios, which has been abandoned. The majority of the
buildings demohshed were located at Bas Obispo, Culebra, Balboa,
and Naos Island. Those at Balboa were torn down on account of the
terminal work, those at Culebra on account of shdes, and those at
Naos Island on account of changes due to the work. The majority
of buildings sold and demohshed were small and of httle value.
The amount of new construction was less than during any previous
year of the canal work — 20 new buildings were put up and 15 addi-
tions. Most of the buildings were small, there being but two that
cost over $2,000. Most of the cost of additions is chargeable to the
Tivoh Hotel.
The work of removing and reconstructing buildings was on a very
large scale. Buildings at Gatun Spillway, in the old Balboa and
Gorgona settlements, and in the shde area at Culebra were moved
and reconstructed at other points. In aU such cases the buildings
moved were of American construction. It has been necessary to
replace but httle of the material originally put in them.
Twenty buildings were demohshed and 19 rebuilt. Sixty-two
buildings were taken down in sections and reconstructed in new loca-
tions. The cost of the completed work amounted to $142,000, which
does not include buildings in the course of reconstruction on June 30,
1913, on which $33,000 had already been expended.
Up to April 1 the new construction, moving, and part of the main-
tenance work was handled by five traveUng gangs of carpenters. The
decision to move and reconstruct practically all American buildings
in the Gorgona settlement necessitated a large increase of force.
Nine new gangs were formed in order to complete the work on sched-
ule time, September 1, 1913.
The carpenter gangs of this department are obtaining quick and
economical results from this class of work. For the various standard
types of quarters the work is almost on a task basis, as it is known
exactly how much it should cost and what time it should take to move
and reerect the more common types. The table below shows the
average cost of construction of three of the most common types of
quarters, the cost of moving and reerecting buildings of this class
when this class of work was started three years ago, and the average
cost of moving and reerecting during the past fiscal year:
Average cost of
construction.
Cost of moving
and reerecting,
1911.
Cost of moving
and reerecting,
1912-13.
TypeV
TypeXIV..
Type XVIII
$7, 756
6,808
9,973
$3,400
3,127
4,000
82, 211
2,295
3,163
876
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
The prompt removal and reerection of these quarters has been of
great benefit to the commission. It has solved the problem of quar-
tering the force as the work has shifted, at a cost of less than one-tliird
of what it would cost to construct new buildings of similar types. The
buildings taken down have proved to be in surprisingly good condi-
tion, and when reerected are fully equal in value to the original invest-
ment, as all unsound lumber is replaced, new plumbing, connections
are put in, and the houses entirely repainted.
As time progresses buildings necessarily require more repair work,
yet the total cost of maintenance has decreased by approximately 10
per cent as compared with the cost of the previous year. Compara-
tive statement for the past three years is given below:
1910-11
1911-12
1912-13
Repair work, quartermaster's department
Repair work, sanitary department, department civil admin-
$156,797.48
38,497.58
$120,912.21
47,392.31
$131,557.15
17,774 94
Total
195,295.06
168,304.52
149 332 09
Statement below summarizes amount and cost of work performed
by the building division :
21 new buildings S;21, 919. 31
15 additions to buildings 33, 643. 29
20 buildings demolished and moved, from which 19 other buildings were
constructed 28, 371. 84
62 buildings taken down in sections and moved to new locations, from
which CO buildings were constructed 113, 345. 22
Buildings demolished and in course of construction June 30, 1913 33, 270. 28
Repairs and maintenance of buildings 149, 332. 09
379, 882. 03
Work pending from fiscal year 1911-12 included in above statement : 14, 170. 63
Building construction 1912-13 365, 711. 40
MATERIAL AND SUPPLIES.
The value of material received from the United States during the
last fiscal year was greater than for any preceding year. It amounted
to $13,980,071. This does not include the sum of $2,535,860 paid to
the McCHntic-MarshaU Construction Co., nor the value of local pur-
chases on the Isthmus, amounting to $2,733,867. Receipts of mate-
rial for the first division were especially heavy, totaling as they did,
$5,653,037, without including the McClintic-Marshall pavments.
The tonnage consigned to the commission was slightly less than for
the previous year; it amounted to 429,342 tons, carried in 440 steam-
ers. This tonnage does not include piling, nor material consigned to
the McCUn tic-Marshall Construction Co. and the United States Steel
Products Co. A larger proportion of the material was carried by Pan-
ama Railroad ships and by regular line shi])s than by tramps. The
Panama Railroad Co. and the United Fruit Co. brought approxi-
mately half of the material.
quartermaster's department 377
^ Mount Hope depot invoiced to the various divisions and subdivi-
sions material to the value of S 10,580,023 ; part of this was cement and
structural material, which did not physically pass through the depot.
The volume of issues from the line storehouses was practically the
same as for the preceding year. There was an increase in issues from
the storehouses at Balboa and Miraflores, and a decrease from those
at Gatun and Porto Bello.
The consumption of cement decreased from 1,000,000 barrels in
1912 to 1,200,000 barrels in 1913. Total consumption of cement
from the inception of the work has amounted to 5,797,910 barrels.
All cement covered by the original contract wdth the Atlas Co., in-
cluding the allowable 15 per cent increase, has been taken. The con-
tract was renewed until tne termination of the work at the same unit
price per barrel. There have been received 33,475,408 cement sacks,
of which 29,882,968 have been returned to the United States; of these
269,775 sacks have been rejected. The percentage returned has been
89 per cent; those rejected less than 1 per cent.
The consumption of lumber was approximately 27,000,000 feet
board measure — about the same as the preceding year. The total re-
ceipts of lumber since the inception of the work have been 231,000,000
feet board measure. Of the lumber received during the fiscal year
about 55 per cent was from the Pacific coast, and the balance from
the Gulf and Atlantic coasts. The Pacific coast furnishes the greater
part of the ordinary form and building^ lumber and can, in most cases,
underbid the eastern sections. The Gulf and Atlantic coasts furnish
all car lumber, the majority of the piling, and supply most rush
orders.
There has been a marked increase in the demand for piling, receipts
being heavier than at any previous period. It has been very difficult
to supply the work with lumber and pihng. This has been due to the
sudden opening up of jobs requiring special sizes of lumber and piUng,
aggravated by the congestion in shipping and difficulty in obtaining
satisfactory deliveries.
The consumption of dynamite decreased materially, the reduction
amounting to over 30 per cent. During the fiscal year 7,000,000
pounds were used. The total amount used since the inception of the
work has been over 56,000,000 pounds.
stocks.
The stocks on hand at all storehouses on June 30, 1913, amounted
to $3,436,995, a decrease of S284,217 from the stock on hand June 30,
1912. The stocks at Mount Hope depot, Porto Bello, Toro Point,
Gatun, Gorgona, Empire, and Miraflores decreased; stocks at the
Cristobal shop store, Pedro Miguel, and Balboa increased. The
actual reduction in stock was greater than the net decrease shown
above, as approximately $638,000 worth of material was returned to
stock from the various divisions. The largest amounts of stock were
returned by the mechanical and central divisions. An analysis of the
inventories shows that while the decrease has been fairly w^ell dis-
tributed among the various classes of general stock and some classes of
repair parts, there have been large increases in the stock of car, steam-
378 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
shovel, and ladder dredge repair parts. The increase in car and
steam-shovel parts is due to the fact that there have been returned to
stock large quantities of spares recovered from steam shovels and cars
retired from service.
The problem of supply has been especially difficult during the past
year, in view of the prospective completion of the work it was con-
sidered advisable to keep the stock on hand at as low a figure as pos-
sible and operate on a close margin. There has been no decrease in
consumption during the year, and because of the relatively small
stock carried shortages have frequently occurred. It has been neces-
sary to send a large number of rush and cable orders and this has in-
creased the work of the supply department on the Isthmus and of the
purchasing agency in the United States.
While it is anticipated that there will be a decided decrease in the
work during the first half of the fiscal year 1914, there is enough work
in sight to gradually absorb most of the general stock now cariied in
the storehouses or on order. It is also beheved that stocks of most
classes of spare parts can be worked off, but it is inevitable that there
will be left a large surplus on hand of certain classes of spare parts,
particularly car, steam-shovel, and locomotive repair parts.
OPERATION OF DOCKS.
Sixty-four thousand nine hundred and sixty-five tons of material
were received and handled over Dock 14, Cristobal. The unit cost of
handUng was 23 § cents per ton.
On January 1, 1913, the operation of the Balboa agency was turned
over by the Panama Railroad Co. to the quartermaster's department.
This agency received and forwarded all commercial freight at the
Pacific terminal. A complete change in organization and methods
was effected. Some changes in personnel were made; the position of
wharf superintendent was abolished; the control of checkers was
transferred from the chief clerk to a chief checker. A cost system
was inaugurated. The methods of handling labor were changed.
Laborers were divided into gangs; regular day and night shifts were
formed. The working hours were changed from 10 to 9.
Short-shipped cargo on the dock was cleared away and physical
conditions on the dock improved.
A total of 281,366 tons were handled during the six months period
January to June, inclusive, as against 336,562 tons for the correspond-
ing period during the previous year. The unit cost was reduced from
$0.3509 to $0.3012 per ton. Credit for economy and efficiency in
operation is due to Mr. C. H. Mann, who was appointed receiving and
forwarding agent, March 1, 1913.
SCRAP.
Contract for the purchase and removal of French scrap on the
Isthmus was entered into with the Chicago House Wrecking Co. in
September, 1911. The records of the Panama Railroad Co. show
that 21,730 tons have been collected from points along the line and
shipped to the storage yards at Cristobal of the Chica|^o House Wreck-
ing Co. Including the amount already at Cristobal, it is estimated
that the Chicago House Wrecking Co. have approximately 25,000
tons of scrap on hand.
quartermaster's department. 379
The purchase price of this French scrap was $215,000. The time
allottecf for the removal of the material was three years. Almost
two years have elapsed and the commission has received but $13,473
on the purchase price. To date the Chicago House Wrecking Co.
have shipped but a little over 600 tons of this French scrap from the
Isthmus, of which 300 tons have been copper and brass. The com-
mission has repurchased some cast scrap and a few local sales have
been made. . i r^i • tt
A great many claims have been submitted by the Chicago House
Wrecking Co., and a number of disputes have arisen as to the proper
interpretation of the contract. The claims were of such f ar-reachmg
character and involved title to so much valuable material that, at the
recommendation of the chief quartermaster, a committee was con-
vened by the chauman to thoroughly investigate all questions at
issue. This committee has not yet submitted its final report.
Early in the fiscal year arrangements were made to award aU
American shop scrap which had already accumulated and which
would accumulate during the fiscal year. Differences of opinion
arose between the successful bidder and the chief quartermaster rela-
tive to the interpretation of the term "shop scrap." The material
was readvertised and a contract entered into with the Chicago House
Wrecking Co. covering all American iron and steel scrap already
accumulated and to be accumulated in the fiscal year. Under this
contract approximately 4,662 tons of American scrap had accumu-
lated at Blount Hope prior to the signing of the contract, and 7,447
tons were shipped in from the various departments and divisions
during the year and turned over to the Chicago House Wrecking Co.
Payment was to be made for this material on ship's bill of lading as
shipped from the Isthmus. To date, of the 12,109 tons but 2,466 tons
have been shipped from the Isthmus, for which the commission re-
ceived $18,571. ^ ^ , ., ,.
Three shipments of scrap screening recovered from buildings were
sent to the United States, from which $6,866 was realized. Scrap
rope and hose were sold to the value of $4,693.
A quantity of copper and brass scrap had accumulated in the opera-
tion of the Gorgona brass foundry. After putting aside the pure
copper scrap, intended for use in the permanent foundry, the bal-
ance of the scrap, consisting of borings and low grade brass scrap,
was sold. Approximately $75,000 was realized from its sale.
A portion o'f the lock forms used at Gatun was sold to Mr. M.
Eovetta. At the close of the fiscal year approximately 300 tons had
been delivered, for which $2,087 was paid.
The quantity and value of scrap recovered from current operations
have been underestimated. The commission will ultimately realize
much more from the American scrap — iron, steel, and brass — recov-
ered from shop operations and construction work than it realized
from all the material and equipment taken over from the French
Company.
Storekeepers have been instructed to carefully collect all scrap ot
whatever character recovered from the work, and it is intended to
sort and classify this scrap with a view to obtaining better value
from sales.
380 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
SALES.
Besides the regular issues to departments and divisions of the com-
mission and the Panama Raihoad Co., there have been a number of
outside sales.
These are made up of sales from regular stock to employees, con-
tractors, private individuals, and companies, and of sales from obso-
lete storehouses and of retired equipment.
A large amount of material from regular stock has been issued by
Mount Hope and Une storehouses to contractors connected with the
canal work and to outside individuals and companies. Employees
have been allowed to purchase from the various storehouses material
intended for personal use. Firms holding contracts with the com-
mission have been permitted to purchase material intended for use
on their work. A certain amount of stock material has been issued
to inchviduals and companies under conditions agreed upon by the
commission and the Panaman Government. Some of the principal
purchasers are as follows :
McClintic-Marshall Construction Co $56, 069. 56
United States Steel Products Co 2, 849. 69
American Cement Tile Co 1, 059. 08
Other contractors 16, 921. 28
Tenth Infantry 6, 227. 73
On June 30, 1913, the value of stock on hand at the obsolete store-
house was $431,916, an increase of $70,000 over the total on hand at
the close of the previous fiscal year. During the 12-month period
material to the amount of $329,159 was turned in by the departments
and divisions and by storekeepers of the quartermaster's department.
Of the total nearly one-half was turned m by the Atlantic division.
Material and equipment to the value of $40,000 was reissued direct
to departments and divisions or returned for reissue to regular stock
in storehouses. Material and equipment to the value of $48,487 was
sold to employees, nonemployees, and contractors; 75 per cent of
this amount was sold to purchasers under bids invited by advertise-
ment.
Circular No. 685, covering a large amount of material in the obsolete
storehouse, was issued under date of February 23, 1912. Of the 24
classes advertised awards were made on but 6 classes, as either no
bids were received on the other classes or the bids were below the
upset price of the material. Circular No. 758 was issued under date
of February 1, 1913. Satisfactory bids were received on only 4 of
the 27 classes advertised.
Results from these sales apparently demonstrate that this method
of sale of the retired material and equijnnent is not satisfactory.
Individuals, firms, or contractors that desire material or equipment
buy only when they need it, and their necessities may not coincide
with the particular time when the commission may advertise, conse-
quently sales made in tliis manner will result only to the benefit of
the scrap dealer n middleman and will not work either to the advan-
tage of the commission or of the ultimate purchaser. In future, it is
believed that on much of the material best results will be obtained
by placing a fair upset price on such material and equipment and sell
it to whoever may first apply. A board of appraisal has been ap-
pointed to place values on ail articles that may be put up for sale.
quartermaster's department. 381
Practically all equipment has been continued in service during the
past fiscal year and but httle retired. What has been retired is Um-
ited to some old French locomotives, a few steam shovels, a few shop
tools, and the 42-inch roUing stock formerly in use at the Porto Bello
quarry. Equipment to the value of S32,000 has been sold and paid
for. Equipment to the value of $18,670 was sold to the United Fruit
Co. in June, 1913, but dehvery has not yet been effected. The prin-
cipal items in these sales include: 8 steam shovels; 10 Porter locomo-
tives, 42-inch gauge; 24 old French locomotives; 77 cars, 42-inch
gauge; 2 unloaders; 2 plows. Besides the items included in these
sales there have been some miscellaneous equipment, such as boilers,
tanks, engines, and a few shop tools, wliich have been disposed of.
While a portion of the equipment will be continued in use during
the coming fiscal year, and a portion continued in use after the canal
is completed, a large percentage of it will undoubtedly be retired dur-
ing the fiscal year 1914. A catalogue has been prepared giving fist
and description of all American eqmpment purchased from the incep-
tion of the work up to June 1, 1913. It is mtended to distribute this
catalogue widely. The storage, disposition, or sale of this surplus
and obsolete material and retired equipment during the fiscal year
1914 will be a difficult problem.
Respectfully submitted.
R. E. Wood,
Chief Quartermaster.
Col. George W. Goethals, United States Army,
Chairman aind Chief Engineer , Culehra, Canal Zone.
382
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
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Exhibit 2. — Force report, by vionths, fiscal year 1912-13 {including contractors' forces).
Year and month.
1912.
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913.
January
February
March
April
May
June
Isthmian Canal
Commission.
Gold.
4,196
4,122
4,166
4,350
4,475
4,323
4,501
4,484
4,487
4,358
4,337
4,282
Silver.
24, 186
24,860
25,405
25,750
26,119
24,375
26, 514
27,540
28,080
28,467
27,918
28, 931
Panama Railroad
Co.
Gold.
824
817
830
931
889
839
944
845
805
Silver.
5,963
5,038
5,460
5,542
5,179
5,022
5,503
5,386
5,683
5,375
5,368
4,283
Contractors' forces.
Gold.
24
39
399
454
588
596
645
667
655
584
570
Silver.
29
44
2,452
3,045
4,089
4,296
4,467
4,977
4,393
3,981
3,391
Grand
total.
35, 169
34,890
35, 944
39,382
40, 159
39,336
42, 341
43,411
44,733
44, 192
43,033
42,262
Exhibit 3. — High and low force records, December, 1906, to June SO, 1913.
Year and month.
Isthmian Canal Commission.
Gold. Silver.
Total.
Panama
Railroad.
Gold and
silver.
Total.
1906.
December
1907.
October
January
1908.
April
November
1909.
October
January
1910.
March
December
1911.
December
June
1912.
January
August
1913.
April
January
3,881
4,992
4,033
4,950
4,161
4,376
4,295
4,553
4,705
4,420
4,292
4,332
4,122
4,358
4,501
15,604
20,836
16,987
21,168
19,803
23,411
20,583
26,284
24,383
25,439
21,795
25, 818
24,860
28,467
26, 514
19,485
25,828
21,020
26,118
23,964
27,787
24, 878
30,837
29,098
29,859
26,087
30,150
28,982
32,825
31,015
4,416
6,139
4,796
7,052
5,863
7,618
6,393
7,839
6,044
7,967
6,603
8,024
5,855
6,319
6,434
23,901
31,967
25,816
33, 170
29,827
35,495
31,271
38,676
35, 142
37,826
32,690
38, 174
34,837
39, 144
37,449
Note. — Figures do not include contractors' forces,
force ever reported was 44,733, on Mar. 26, 1913.
If taken into consideration, the greatest working
384 BEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit 4. — Contract laborers brought to the Isthmus by the Isthmian Canal Commission.
Country.
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
Total.
1,174
500
909
5,293
1,831
8,298
Cuba . ...
500
Italy
1,032
1,101
1,941
1,101
19
14
19
14
2,616
7,426
1,831
11,873
361
6,510
361
404
3,019
3,242
2,039
2,224
2,592
3,605
528
19,900
14
2,053
2,733
47
585
5,542
47
Trinidad
1,079
23
933
205
143
1,427
23
St Kitts
9
55
296
93
332
942
55
296
93
332
Total West Indies.
404
5,799
9,491
7,505
2,592
3,605
205
942
528
31,071
Costa Rica
244
1,077
334
244
416
10
69
1,493
13
357
69
Grand total
404
7,454
12,602
14, 944
4,423
3,605
205
942
528
45,107
Exhibit 5. — Analysis of transportation from the Isthmus, fiscal year 1912-13.
To United States of America.
Free transportation.
Deportations.
Months.
Two years'
service.
Reduction of
force.
144th meetiii};.
Sickness.
Undesirables.
Num-
ber.
Amount.
1
Num-
ber.
Amount.
Num-
ber.
Amount.
Num-
ber.
Amoimt.
1912.
July
August
September
5
5
1
12
50
46
38
30
15
96
52
61
$200.00
200.00
40.00
480. 00
1,992.00
1,840.00
1,520. 0(J
1,21K).00
576.00
3, 820. 00
2,072.00
2,440.00
12
9
6
4
15
$388.00
295. 00
190.00
150.87
478. 75
1
$15.00
4
1
$160.00
15.00
1
1
4
4
1
1
$40.00
40.00
160.00
160.00
40.00
40.00
1
15.00
November
3
95.00
21.00
1
3
1
15.00
30.00
1913.
January
February
5
1
1
14
11
5
196. 25
15.00
21.54
540.00
292.50
175.00
4.5.00
120.00
40.00
120. 00
40.00
95.00
15.00
7
7
4
280.00
280.00
160.00
1
30.00
May
15.00
June
55.00
Total
411
16,380.00
30
1,200.00
83
2,742.91
21
706.00
14
235.00
quartermaster's department. 385
Exhibit 5. — Analysis of transportation from the Isthmus, fiscal year 1912-13 — Contd.
To South America and West Indies.
Free transportation.
Deportations.
Months.
Repatriation.
144th meeting.
Sickness.
Undesirables.
Num-
ber.
Amount.
Num-
ber.
Amount.
Num-
ber.
Amount.
Num-
ber.
Amount.
1912.
July
36
28
3
10
50
23
4
14
14
23
53
15
$380. 16
295. 68
31.68
105.60
528.00
242.88
42.24
148.28
155. 78
247. 82
576. 44
158. 40
17
8
1
9
24
8
1
7
9
12
8
7
$243. 00
105. 00
14.00
148. 50
344. 00
122.00
11.00
118.00
132. 56
192.00
160. 50
134. 00
18
9
5
3
15
9
2
13
9
15
15
8
$166. 00
106.50
37.00
54.00
269. 00
96.00
12.00
237.50
109.50
230. 75
252. 00
117.50
16
7
9
10
6
11
6
5
8
8
8
3
$185.00
August
107.00
77.00
99.15
73.00
December
100.50
1913.
January
64.00
73.50
March
69.50
89.00
May
80.50
June
39.00
Total
273
2,912.96
109
1,724.56
121
1,687.75
97
1,057.15
Months.
To Europe.
Free transpor-
tation.
144th meeting.
Num-
ber.
Amount.
Deportations.
Sickness.
Num-
ber.
Amount.
Undesirables.
Num-
ber.
Amount.
Total.
Num-
ber.
Amount.
July
August
September.
October —
November .
December. .
January...
February .
March
April
May
June ,
Total.
$442. 60
448. 96
181. 00
36.20
36.20
186.00
72.40
32 1,403.36
$232. 00
310. 00
371. 80
72.40
72.40
108. 60
72.40
157.40
82.40
249. 80
108. 60
2.51.00
2,088.80
1
$36.20
1
11.00
1
36.20
1
8.75
36.20
39.95
71.20
36.20
72.40
36.20
384. 30
126
83
45
53
172
108
63
81
63
190
163
116
1,263
$2,251.76
2,064.34
1,023.48
1,222.92
4,072.10
2,720.98
2,039.09
2,164.63
1,258.48
6,021.57
4,022.34
3,661.10
32,522.79
11834°— 13-
-25
386 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit 6. — Occupants of commission quarters, June 30, 1913.
Place.
Gold.
Europeans.
West Indians.
Men.
Women.
Children.
Men.
Women.
Children.
Men.
Women.
Children.
Balboa. . .
289
528
769
17
329
263
363
700
192
78
373
674
760
46
60
36
309
144
2
72
89
153
295
105
46
72
206
294
14
22
44
240
142
4
87
93
151
287
145
38
65
211
327
18
21
325
6
382
399
293
152
478
417
20
132
29
916
127
82
116
894
740
509
351
238
238
414
488
231
146
365
70S
1,559
253
301
Ancon...
5
8
7
36
106
111
143
148
41
69
29
224
5
Miraflores
Pedro Miguel
Paraiso
4
3
3
48
52
12
10
11
2
11
93
73
33
23
6
50
159
Culebra
176
Empire
222
LasCascadas
Bas Obispo
171
53
132
Gatun
20
23
12
365
Toro Point
Porto Bello.
1
2
Total
5,441
1,859
1,873
3,874
152
269
7,435
928
1,353
Gold force of contractors in quarters (included above): Families, 33; bachelors, 542.
Exhibit 7. — Applications for married quarters on file June 30, 1913.
Stations.
Balboa
Ancon
Ancon Hospital.
Corozal
Pedro Miguel
Culebra
Empire
LasCascadas
List No. 1.
11(4)
1(1)
2
7(6)
List No. 2.
56 (1
106 (24)
5
130 (15)
52
31 (61
90(28)
29 (6)
Stations.
Bas Obispo.
Gatun
Cristobal
Toro Point..
Porto BeUo.
Total.
List No. 1.
21 (11)
List No. 2.
15 (1)
75
142 (1)
6
14 (9)
751 (91)
Note.— The figures in parentheses show the number of applicants already occupying regular or non-
housekeeping family quarters at stations other than those at which applications are filed.
Exhibit 8. — Animals in corrals, Jun-e 30, 1913.
Stations.
American
horses.
Native
ponies.
Mules.
Police
animals.
Private
animals.
Total.
Ancon ...
32
1
6
112
28
25
23
31
29
15
51
195
11
1
4
30
191
Corozal
30
2
2
5
1
1
1
1
7
12
26
1
8
1
10
as
Culebra
6
7
43
Empire
6
3
1
4
1
78
LasCascadas
34
Gorgona
25
Gatun
2
17
59
Cristobal
116
Total
65
19
412
31
95
614
1 Includes 8 Panama Railroad (commissary) mules.
quartermaster's department. 387
Exhibit 9. — Number of buildings on the Canal Zone, June 30, 1913.
Stations.
Isthmian
Canal
Commission.
Fronch.
Total.
Stations.
Isthmian
Canal
Commission.
French.
Total.
Alhajuela
2
211
90
65
21
37
116
153
1
174
9
194
3
238
87
86
2
39
4
119
34
10
27
103
hi'
""m
57
4
250
94
184
55
47
143
256
1
225
9
300
3
238
189
143
LasSabanas
Margarita Island . . .
Miraflores
2
7
31
16
1
16
1
99
100
53
9
33
1
26
2
60
19
i'
2
Ancon
7
57
Bas Obispo
Camp "E.S.Otis".
Colon Hospital
Corozal
Cristobal
Naos Island
New Frijoles
Palo Seco
Panama
Paraiso
16
1
16
3
159
Cruces
Pedro Miguel
Porto Bello
Taboga Island
Toro Point
119
Culebra
53
Culebra Island
Empire
9
34
Vigia
1
Total
1,856
762
2,618
Las Cascadas
Exhibit 10. — New construction, fiscal year 1912-13.
New structures.
Additions.
Total.
Department or division.
Num-
ber.
Cost.
Num-
ber.
Cost.
Num-
ber.
Cost.
Quartermaster's department and general use
Chief engineer:
First division
4
7
1
2
1
$2,981.21
5,503.49
990.63
1,768.99
2,977.23
1
$120.67
5
$3,101.88
5,503.49
990.63
Second division
Fortification division
1,768.99
Central division
2,977.23
Mechanical division
1
342.42
342.42
Atlantic division
1
367.77
367.77
Subsistence department
8
1
1
3
29,600.16
126.53
400.33
3,053.18
29,600.16
Sanitary department
126.53
Canal Zone government
400.33
Commissary department .
1
2
1
1
' 456.07
870.76
4,463.68
1,539.48
3,509.25
870. 76
Tenth Infantry, United States Army
Melendez House , account 401
4,463.68
United States Marine Corps
1,539.48
Total
21
21,919.31
15
33,643.29
36
55, 562. 60
SUMMARY.
21 new buildings $21 , 919. 31
15 additions to buildings 33, 643. 29
20 buildings demolished and moved, from which 19 other buildings were constructed 28, 371.84
62 buildings taken down in sections and moved to new locations, from which 60 buildings were
constmcted 113, 345. 22
Buildings demolished and in course of construction June 30, 1913 33, 270. 28
Repairs and maintenance of buildings 149, 332. 09
379,882.03
Work ponding from fiscal year 1911-12 included in above statement 14, 170. 63
Buildings construction, 1912-13 365, 711.40
388 KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit 11 . — Buildings sold and demolished, fiscal year 1912-13.
Stations.
Buildings sold.
Number.
Amount
received.
Build-
ings de-
molished.
Total
sold
and de-
molished
Naos Island
Balboa
Ancon
Miraflores
Pedro Miguel
Paraiso
Culebra.^ ,
Empire, ,
LasCascadas
Bas Obispo
Gorgona
Gatun
Cristobal
Toro Point
Porto Bello
NombredeDios.
Total
10
S200.00
80.00
'266.66
355.00
995.00
126
8
36
3
3
4
4
29
4
8
19
4
7
4
2
2
10
QUARTERMASTER 's DEPARTMENT.
389
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390
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
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quartermaster's department.
Exhibit 13. — Freight statement, fiscal year 1912-13.
391
steamship lines.
Num-
ber of
steam-
ers.
General
cargo.
Lumber.
Ties.
Piling.
Total weight.
Panama Railroad Co..
80
10
6
19
103
74
59
59
12
15
3
Pounds.
1350,057,018
758,834
900,226
1,243,521
34,670,184
24, 058, 992
5,541,587
3 287, 281, 768
1,144,328
402,662
57,217
Feet b. m.
97,889
Pieces.
Feet b. m.
Pieces.
Pounds.
350,448,574
758,834
7,495,386
1,243,521
34,772,600
80,826,080
5,541,587
326, 658, 124
49, 754, 472
1,128,090
57,217
Tons.
175, 224
Royal Mail Steam
Packet Co
379
California Atlantic ..
1,648,790
3,748
Leyland Ltiie
622
United Fruit Co.fNew
York)
25,604
11,709,446
17, 386
United Fruit Co.(New
Orleans)
55,471
2,482,326
8,705
40,413
Hamburg American. . .
Tramps, Atlantic
Tramps, Pacific
Pacific Mail
2,771
1,311,816
11,773,198
181,357
188,364
6,161
8,532,273
379,338
11,260
1,200
163, 329
24, 877
564
29
Total
440
3 706,116,337
26,748,100
249, 996
11,393,937
21, 165
858,684,485
429,342
1 Includes 291,291,200 jwunds of cement equal to 728,228 barrels.
2 Includes 190,215,600 pounds of cement equal to 475,539 barrels.
3 Includes 481,506,800 pounds of cement equal to 1,203,767 barrels.
Note. — The total weights given above do not include the weights of piling.
Exhibit 14. — Important items due on United States requisitions, June SO, 1913.
Articles.
Quantity.
Value.
Barges, steel, 1,000-yard
Bridge, bascule, over French canal
Caissons, lock entrance, floating
Cranes, noatiag
Dredges, dipper, 15-yard
Dynamite pounds. .
Equipment for Balboa permanent shops:
Electric traveling cranes
Reversing motor planer equipments
Sand-blast equipment
Motors and control apparatus
Oil-burning furnaces
Extension planer
Double engine lathe, motor driven
Forging press
1
2
2
2
2,185,250
$366, 000. 00
1 50, 000. 00
1 480, 000. 00
837,500.00
517,000.00
248, 146. 03
61,715.00
5, 620. 00
6,754.00
60, 075. 10
13, 740. 00
22, 000. 00
22,000.00
12, 000. 00
Leaves, gate, for Balboa dry dock
Lumber feet b. m .
Material for locks:
Lock gate leaves (amount not paid)
Material for chain fenders ,
Electric towing locomotives
General control apparatus for lock machinery
Cable
Transformer equipment
Auxiliary electric equipment for hydroelectric station, Gatun
Lighting material for all locks
Frames and covers for decking lock walls
Machinery for upper guard valves
Railings for spillways and doors for operating tuimels
11,614,162
203,904.10
110,123.06
360, 034. 00
1,191,020.66
307,970.40
502, 591. 00
109,638.00
137,705.31
15,521.69
34,364.33
11,344.50
16,070.92
17,934.34
7,710.00
Material for Cristobal-Balboa transmission line
Piling pieces. .
Plants, coal-handling
4,111
2
2,351,871.15
995,934.07
76.287.68
12,300,000.00
Steel, structural:
Balboa shops buildings.
Cristobal terminal locks.
Balboa terminals
246, 360. 00
112,739.53
50,561.00
Ties, cross.
409, 660. 53
51,000.00
1 Estimated value.
392
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit 15. — Important items of material purchased from inception of canal worh, 1904
to June 30, 1913.
Articles.
Quantity.
Value.
Barges (includes six not yet received) .
Boats, tu^
Brick, building, fire and paving
Cableways
Cars.
Cement
Compressors, air
Cranes
Dredges (includes two not yet received).
Drills, rock ".
Drivers, pile
Explosives:
Dynamite
Other blasting supplies
Forage and corral supplies
Furniture:
Married quarters . . .
Bachelor quarters . .
Hospital quarters. .
Laborers' quarters.
.barrels..
.pounds.
7
4,181
5,797,910
28
87
16
725
4
56,220,989
Live stock:
Horses.
Mules..
Cows...
Locomotives
Lumber
Material for locks.
Piling
.feet b. m.
189
231,422,554
.pieces.
Plants:
Power
Material handhng. . .
Rock crusher
Filtration
Pumping
Boiler
Hydraulic dredging .
Steel foundry
Rails, steel
Roofing, corrugated iron .
Screening, wre
Shovels, steam
Spreaders, earth
Ties, cross and switch
Dnloaders
153,113
82,537
102
26
2,240,871
29
81,458,
566,
281,
365,
4,655,
5,880,
125,
666,
2,809,
288,
28,
830.00
734.00
013. 26
050.90
355. 79
050.58
504.77
228.81
128.00
376. 69
305.00
6,740.233.46
660,541.08
783,442.05
271,025.74
147, 143. 50
76, 666. 65
208, 809. 00
703,644.89
39,212.50
110, 135. 00
10,650.00
159,997.50
1,942,502.00
5,651,029.98
12,782,395.43
1,863,278.82
366,523.97
689, 358. 60
200,164.68
101,162.14
14,950.00
114,961.00
192,868.00
11,742.39
1,691,730.78
1,970,419.75
503, 162. 45
413,921.47
1,094,879.96
139,687.00
1,898,258.98
158,839.00
quartermaster's department. 393
Exhibit 16.— Important items of material received, July 1, 1912, to June SO, 1913.
Articles.
^^i^::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: pounds..
Other blasting supplies
Forage and corral supplies - - - • ; " ■„ " '
Lumber leeiD. m..
Material for locks and lock work:
Lock gate leaves (amount paid)
Spare parts for same .•"•;:
Emergency dams (value of material received)
Machinery to operate Stoney Gate valves
Locomotive track material
Lock gate recess covers
Miter gate moving and forcing machinery
Gates, caissons, fixed irons, etc., for spillways
Plant and materials for hydroelectric station
Material for chain fenders for all locks
Electric towing locomotives
Snubbing posts and springs, etc
Spillway gate machines and spares - -
Miscellaneous material for rack railways and miter gates
Crank gear recess cover seats
General control apparatus for lock machinery
Motors, centrifugal pumps, etc
Crossovers for electric towing locomotives
Cable
Transformer equipment ;■•-,•• V. - • vv-
AuxiUary electrical equipment for hydroelectric station
Lighting material for all locks
Frames and covers for decking of lock walls.
Miscellaneous material for jwwer and control winng
Machinery for upper guard valves ■ " V ' ■•" ■'
Conduit and miscellaneous material for power and control winng
Quantity.
1,203,767
6,410,600
26,418,200
Value.
824,390.00
1,107,455.64
759,417.50
73, 737. 35
76, 329. 55
828,847.86
2,535,
109,
2,045,
732
125:
1,
760
172
138
60
24
7
71,
8,
18,
108,
135,
44,
419
267,
5
6
1
10
Material for lighting and buoying the canal.
Oils and greases
Piling.
.pieces.
Steel, flat, round, square, tool, etc.
Steel, reenforcing
Steel, structural:
Hotel Washington •.-••-••
Balboa shops buildings (includes erection) . .
Administration building (includes erection) .
Gatun hydroelectric station
Cristobal terminal docks
Main part of control houses
Balboa terminals
21,035
860.09
641.64
996.23
797. 15
828. 01
544. 01
397. 61
076. 36
341.58
498. 60
,951.00
,804.92
, 363. 29
,636.87
, 848. 10
,002.46
.934.11
.142.00
680. 17
901.56
810.67
775.50
776. 33
889.60
966. 66
,954.85
7,827,479.88
164,970.00
106,098.12
314, 904. 82
208, 100. 48
104,188.31
Tanks, oil storage.
9,917.47
184, '26. 43
103, 360. 81
28,080.24
258,262.16
7,607.62
44,567.34
636,562.07
62,800.00
Exhibit 17 .—Classification of material in stock at storehouses.
New York air-brake material
Westinghouse air-brake material
Lubricators, oil cups, and parts
Injectors, inspirators, ejectors, and parts
Pop valves and repair parts
Steam, air, and vacuum gauges, and parts....
Water gauges and fittings
Miscellaneous boiler and engines fittings
Twist drills, reamers, cutters, tools, etc
Pneumatic and electric hand tools and parts.
General stock of electrical material
Special stock of electrical material
Car repair parts
Crane repair parts
Locomotive repair parts
Lidgerwood unloacler repair parts
Spreader repair parts
Pile driver repair parts
Track shifter repair parts
Motor car repair parts
$27,369.05
56,583.60
20, 295. 53
39,405.12
15,224.38
2, 121. 25
5, 156. 04
9,093.64
24, 194. 30
19,469.18
180,327.44
49,970.14
188, 805. 45
62,509.28
87,030.35
13,553.31
11,202.34
1,314.68
34.72
1, 867. 06
$21,258.94
46, 140. 37
18,358.98
35, 731. 59
13,836.86
1,415.11
2,971.49
10,392.04
21,363.60
14,523.56
134,498.56
46,571.16
143,463.30
52,812.69
76,311.04
14,004.93
10, 596. 55
957. 99
69.66
3,389.92
$8,884.82
32, 140. 79
17, 763. 38
35,479.55
14,041.38
1,447.87
3,604.51
17,373.34
21,645.86
10,621.93
134,889.69
44, 347. 36
239,962.78
49,699.74
70,805.29
13,598.41
4,133.41
744.75
162.86
4,337.9L
394 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Exhibit 17. — Classification of material in stock at storehouses — Continued.
Class
No.
June 30, 1911.
June 30, 1912,
June 30, 1913.
Steam shovel repair parts
Rock channeler repair parts
WeU drill repair parts
Rock drill repair parts
DriU sharpener repair parts
Tugboat repair parts
Suction dredge repair parts
Ladder dredge repair parts
Dipper dredge repair parts
Clapet repair parts
Towing machine repair parts
Barge repair parts
Miscellaneous repair parts
Cableway repair paits
Track material, except track tools
Air compressor repair parts
Explosives, fuses, etc
Blasting batteries, galvanometers, and parts
Rough castings
Foundry supplies only
Miscellaneous machine parts
Miscellaneous material not carried at Mount Hope
depot
Miscellaneous material carried at Mount Hope depot,
not included in above classifications
Total
Net reduction in stock .
$396,675.98
1,090.50
23,619.00
68,628.64
964.23
16,406.83
108, 754. 36
53, 756. 33
39, 787. 84
4, 286. 75
3,896.74
3,216.62
75, 759. 26
17,307.66
105, 712. 19
3,906.47
25,056.93
1,181.09
169, 614. 99
37, 535. 69
22, 982. 88
62,313.95
2,453,799.67
$319,550.60
543.85
12, 787. 21
48,566.52
887. 13
5, 102. 91
91,209.26
28, 842. 54
25, 300. 36
3, 805. 69
3,001.32
4, 560. 80
64,852.19
20, 748. 23
189,947.04
4, 654. 88
143,063.68
3,381.69
131,967.83
40, 719. 03
31, 186. 93
61,578.37
1, 816, 286. 50
$347,393.85
1,995.40
12, 743. 35
41,602.81
970. 62
6,384.76
74,334.46
54,419.14
26,608.14
3, 803. 96
3, 796. 08
6,065.30
58,934.63
14, 034. 69
82, 329. 46
2,816.58
53,886.81
3, 760. 43
113,957.65
74, 884. 00
17,042.78
37, 183. 38
1,672,441.78
4,511,781.46
3.721,212.90
3,436,995.69
284,217.21
Exhibit 18. — Values of stock on hand at storehouses.
Storehouses.
June 30, 1911.
June 30, 1912.
June 30, 1913.
Porto Bello
Toro Point
Cristobal shops
Dry dock store
Mount Hope depot.
Gatun
Tabemilla
Gorgona
Las Cascadas
Empire
Culebra
Pedro Miguel
Miraflores
Corozal
Ancon
Balboa
Total
Decrease in stock value as of June 30, 1913.
$100,345.26
20, 693. 76
109, 994. 72
250, 755. 65
1,502,838.23
338, 035. 71
1,926.78
841,072.54
15,265.12
936, 037. 25
5, 294. 54
30, 633. 03
138, 239. 60
1,990.73
10, 766. 40
207,892.14
$75, 714. 74
25,490.36
70,076.22
194, 906. 69
1,363,879.79
271,610.16
644, 748. 91
10, 772. 80
773,052.38
3, 429. 13
24,664.81
101,929.77
1,332.88
16,003.08
143,601.18
$64, 137. 68
15, 787. 22
117,671.86
192,967.64
1,256,260.98
170, 998. 60
406,310.37
9, 804. 15
747,512.51
1,298.38
34,994.55
94, 153. 63
18,461.00
13,772.98
292, 864. 14
4,511,781.46
3,721,212.90
3,436,995.69
284, 217. 21
Exhibit 19. — Material returned to stock by departments and divisions July 1, 1912, to
Jane 30, 1913.
Atlantic division $109, 284. 42
Central division 171, 086. 01
Pacific division 67, 810. 43
Mechanical division 214, 167. 94
Chief engineer:
First division 7, 186. 07
Second division 1, 732. 52
Fifth division 26, 664. 47
SLxth division 5, 649. 72
Lighthouse subdivision 40. 00
Fortifications 4, 149. 08
Sanitary department 1, 187. 2&
Subsistence department 167. 29
Department of^civil administration 350. 89
Quartermaster's department 1, 072. 53
Old main line, Panama Railroad 8,605.36
Panama Raihoad relocation 18, 060. 44
Miscellaneous 1, 185. 47
Total 638, 399. 92
Appendix K.
REPORT OF LIEUT. COL. EUGENE T. WILSON, UNITED STATES
ARMY, SUBSISTENCE OFFICER, IN CHARGE OF SUBSISTENCE
DEPARTMENT.
Isthmian Canal Commission,
Subsistence Department,
Cristobal, Canal Zone, July 29, 1913.
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report covering the
operations of the subsistence department for the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1913:
The operation of the hotels, messes, and kitchens for the past year
has continued under the direct charge of Capt. F. O. Whitlock,
United States Cavalry, assistant subsistence officer.
On June 30, 1913, this department was operating the Hotel Tivoli,
17 line hotels, 3 night restaurants, 15 European laborers' messes, and
16 common laborers' kitchens — a decrease of 2 hotels, 3 messes, and
2 kitchens from last year. The hotel at Balboa was closed July 16
and consolidated with the hotel at Ancon, which was renamed
"Balboa Hotel." Tlie No. 2 Hotel at Gatun was closed March 31.
The messes at Cerro, Haut Obispo, Gatun (No. 68), and Naos Island
were closed during the year and one at Bas Obispo opened. A new
kitchen was also opened, at Bas Obispo, while those at Ancon, Cerro,
and Haut Obispo were closed. The number of districts into which
the territory served by this department is divided was reduced to 14,
each in charge of a chief steward, reporting direct to the subsistence
officer.
The total revenue for the year from the line hotels, restaurants,
messes, and kitchens was $1,235,077.84, a decrease of $28,791.97 from
last year, while the total cost of operations was $1,205,800.76, a
decrease of $20,551.40, making the profit $29,277.08, a decrease of
$8,240.57 from last year. The ratio of supplies consumed to revenue
was 0.24 per cent less than last year, and of expense to revenue 0.84
per cent more, making the ratio of total cost of operations to revenue
0.60 per cent more than last year. The percentage of profit to revenue
was 2.37 per cent, 0.60 per cent less than last year. The net expense
for salaries and wages was $166,398.65, an increase of $4,391.88,
making the proportion of net pay roll to revenue 13.47 per cent, 0.65
per cent more than last year.
The total number of meals served in line hotels was 2,340,644, an
increase of 265,309 (12.78 per cent) over last year. The average cost
of supplies per meal was 24.64 cents, a decrease of 0.40 cent from last
year, while the average cost of service was 5.52 cents, a decrease of
0.09 cent, making a decrease in the total cost per meal of 0.49 cent
from last year. The total number of rations served in European
laborers' messes was 935,516, or 172,659 (15.58 per cent) less than last
395
396 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
year, while the average cost of supplies per ration was 31.27 cents, an
increase of 0.21 cent, and the average cost of service was 5.86 cents,
an increase of 0.39 cent, making an increase over last year in the total
cost per ration of 0.60 cent. The total number of rations served in
common laborers' kitchens was 461,456, a decrease from last year of
123,001 (21.05 per cent). The average cost of supplies per ration
was 22.12 cents, an increase of 0.24 cent over last year, and the aver-
age cost of service was 3.52 cents, an increase of 0.31 cent, making the
total cost per ration 25.64 cents, an increase over last year of 0.55
cent.
The average daily attendance during June, 1913, was 3,279 at the
line hotels, 2,412 at the messes, and 1,229 at the kitchens. The attend-
ance at the line hotels was determined on the basis that each guest
averaged two meals per day.
The following table shows the relative value of food consumed per
meal in the line hotels :
Meats and fish: Cents.
Fresh 7. 39
Canned 13
Cured, and lard 1. 87
Butter and oleo 2. 12
Eggs 2. 74
Fruits and vegetables:
Fresh 3. 73
Canned and jams 2. 20
Dried 31
Coffee, tea, and cocoa 53
Milk 69
Sugar and sirups 74
Bread and cake 99
Flour 50
Ice cream 1. 40
Miscellaneous 1 . 49
26.83
In addition, 2,025 pounds of ice were consumed which cost 0.81 cent.
The following table shows the relative value of the ration supphed
the European laborers' messes:
Meats and fish : Cents.
Fresh 13. 31
Canned 51
Cured, and lard 30
Butter and oleo 02
Fruits and vegetables:
Fresh 1. 31
Canned, and jams 14
Dried 2. 14
Coffee, tea, and cocoa 74
Milk 16
Sugar and sirups 1. 30
Bread and cake 6. 64
Flour 14
Macaroni, spaghetti, and vermicelli 1. 25
Pimeuton and pomidoro 38
Wine 2. 44
Miscellaneous 72
31.50
One and six-tenths pounds of ice, costing 0.64 cent, were also con-
sumed.
SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT.
397
The relative value of the ration supplied through the common
laborers' kitchens is shown below :
Meats and fish : Cents.
Fresh 8. 51
Canned 19
Cured, and lard 1. 05
Butter and oleo 05
Fruits and vegetables:
Fresh 1. 72
Canned, and jams 54
Dried 78
Coffee, tea, and cocoa 55
Milk 19
Sugar and sirups 1. 32
Bread and cake 4. 42
Floiu- 40
Rice 1.72
Miscellaneous 53
21.97
The costs in the foregoing tables are approximate only, as they
were made up by taking corresponding periods in each of the last 12
months and averaging them. The actual cost would be about 8 per
cent less for the hotels and about 0.7 per cent less lor the messes
because discount has not been taken into consideration; conse-
quently the above figures will not check with the figures mentioned
elsewhere in this report. Elaborate meals, costing several times the
regular meal, were served on special hoUdays.
The following table shows the quantities and gross costs of the
principal articles consumed in the line hotels, restaurants, messes,
and kitchens during the year:
Article.
Bacon pounds.
Beans, dried do. . .
Beef:
Fresh do...
Salt do...
Bones and suet do . . .
Bread do. . .
Breakfast foods tins.
Butter pounds.
Cabbage do...
Cake do. . .
Cheese do. . .
Cocoa do . . .
Coffee do. . .
Com meal do...
Eggs dozen.
Fish:
Canned tins.
Fresh pounds.
Salt do...
Flour do. . .
Fruits:
Canned tins.
Dried pounds.
Fresh
Garbanzoe pounds.
Ham do. . .
Ice cwt.
Ice cream gallons. .
Jams
Lamb, fresh pounds.
Quantity
64,672
187,721
2,514,380
42,008
175, 656
2, 425, 223
35,231
132,063
153,075
13, 492
27,951
25, 691
80,664
29,016
211,227
30, 460
107,035
34,333
500,319
74,325
33,968
162,384
45,654
66, 081
70,050
35, 894
Cost.
$15, 815. 93
10,787.46
263,353.57
5,077.98
2,573.99
95,055.73
4, 706. 25
49,596.73
5,257.90
1,478.81
6,611.02
3,539.65
16, 154. 50
1,276.91
65, 469. 89
3,724.03
7,032.72
2, 884. 50
15,009.57
2,027.76
3,093.80
31,171.92
7,321.12
9, 142. 16
26, 432. 60
35,318.75
7,491.43
4,693.98
Article.
Lard pounds.
Liver, beef do. . .
Macaroni do. . .
Maple sirup quarts.
Meats, canned tins.
Milk do...
Mutton, fresh pounds.
Oleomargarine do. . .
Onions do. . .
Peas, dried do...
Pork:
Fresh do...
Salt do...
Potatoes:
Sweet do...
White do...
Poultry do . . .
Rice do...
Ri lis dozen .
Sausage pounds.
Sugar:
Granulated do...
Yellow do. . .
Tea do...
Veal, fresh do. . .
Vegetables:
Canned tins.
Fresh
Wine barrels.
Cleaning
Miscellaneous
Quantity.
124, 228
19, 103
187,360
7,702
23,989
226, 731
39, 801
15, 025
172,135
94, 880
166, 865
4,823
191,422
1,355,214
153,987
433,567
37, 541
27,325
144,951
633,227
8,207
72,651
165,566
""'i,'i28'
Cost.
813, 478. 06
2,101.48
13, 153. 26
2, 428. 88
4,571.06
18, 835. 05
4,430.79
1,652.75
5, 578. 64
5, 866. 86
26, 468. 54
650.07
4, 578. 93
41,731.25
25, 830. 00
13,011.18
8,741.28
3,971.42
7, 104. 75
25,329.08
2,847.91
11,009.15
25,594.74
21,992.68
23,124.00
10,554.98
50,248.16
398
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
The Hotel Tivoli installed a commercial laundry, which was
opened in December, to handle the guests' work. The people from
about 30 special tourist steamers, as well as other parties visiting the
Isthmus, were satisfactorily served.
Below is given a comparative statement of the profits and losses
of the Hotel Tivoli for the fiscal years ended June 30, 1911, 1912, and
1913:
Months.
1910-11
1911-12
1912-13
Profit.
Loss.
Profit.
Loss,
Profit.
Loss.
July . ..
$87. 64
$2,920.57
1,433.34
$2,012.98
$1, 727. 86
710.81
223.18
$1,513.16
$1,582.19
99.35
214. 46
4,081.96
8,003.51
13,587.71
23,994.82
18,826.74
5,346.04
2,422.36
1,722.41
2,682.78
3,771.58
7, 122. 72
14,813.35
13,876.32
6,111.00
59.34
721. 14
2, 771. 76
804.33
2,964.78
8,594.77
8,193.02
2, 246. 15
2,307.30
1,119.15
820. 22
Net profit
26,427.05
53,652.36
76,256.55
The following table shows quantities and gross values of the prin-
cipal articles consumed at the Hotel Tivoli during the year:
Article.
Bacon pounds.
Beans, dried do. . .
Beef:
Fresh do...
Salt do...
Bones and suet do...
Bread do...
Breakfast foods tins.
Butter pounds.
Cabbage do...
Cake do...
Cheese do...
Cocoa do...
Coffee do. . .
Com meal do...
Eggs dozen.
Fish:
Canned tins.
Fresh pounds.
Salt do...
Flour do...
Fruits:
Canned tins.
Dried pounds.
Fresh.
Ham pounds.
Ice cwt.
Ice cream gallons.
Jams
Lamb, fresh pounds .
Quantity.
7,649
250
62,224
2,500
861
14, 602
1,350
16,906
6,092
25
2,376
532
5,455
950
21,060
3,765
52,579
3,765
63,210
7,094
892
15, 759
13,462
2,544
2,368
Cost.
$1,88.5.63
15.50
11,151.55
348. 00
4.31
576. 64
220. 82
6,466.34
204. 58
5.00
597. 16
120. 12
1,364.75
54.25
6,567.30
901.26
6,264.99
425. 98
1,896.30
1,657.86
100.60
6,862.43
3,151.96
5,384. 80
2,574.00
486.24
317.18
Article.
I/ard pounds. .
Macaroni do
Maple sirup quarts. .
Meats, canned tins. .
Milk do....
Mutton, fresh pounds..
Oleomargarine do
Onions do
Peas, dried do
Pork:
Fresh do
Salt do....
Potatoes:
Sweet do
White do....
Poultry do
Rice do
Sausage do
Sugar:
GraiMilated do
Yellow do
Tea do....
Veal, fresh do
Vegetables:
Canned tins. .
Fresh
Cleaning
Miscellaneous
Cigar stand and mineral waters
Quantity.
7,700
799
1,416
192
29,088
37,979
2,100
9,054
1,400
8,093
1,000
6,816
106, 090
49,468
12, 865
1,989
28,940
4,542
864
8,137
19,202
Cost.
$8,39.00
55.93
450. 72
55.92
2,432.16
4, 265. 20
231.00
289.27
85.75
1,346.35
136.00
159.99
3,241.45
12, 799. 96
710.37
334.48
1,434.37
181. 68
265. 62
1,234.34
3, 406. 86
5,771.00
1,653.29
11,323.96
13,540.42
SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT.
399
The following table shows the profit resulting from this depart-
ment's operations for the year in comparison with the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1912:
1912-13
Increase.
Decrease.
Profit.
Loss.
83,837.71
.?8,247.66
$26,845.24
6,269.55
§11,610.54
4,877.69
29,277.08
76,256.55
8,240.57
22, 604. 19
Total
105,533.63
14,363.62
The original cost of the Hotel TivoU was $300,595.40. Additions
and improvements have been made to the permanent building and
bathrooms added since July 1, 1908, amounting to $84,264.46,
making the book value of the building $384,859.86. The following
table shows repairs to the Hotel Tivoli:
Prior to July 1. 1908 $17, 378. 03
Fiscal year:
1908-9 1,846.33
1909-10 2, 377. 76
1910-11 2, 872. 96
1911-12 313. 67
1912-13 3, 309. 92
28,098. 67
making total construction and repairs to June 30, 1913, $412,958.53.
To this should be credited since July 1, 1908, profit on operations of
$170,298.14, making the Hotel Tivoli stand on the books, net, June
30, 1913, at $242,660.39, and at the present rate of traffic the Hotel
Tivoli should be amortized in about four years.
The total revenue of the subsistence department. Isthmian Canal
Commission, from the operations of the hotels, messes, and kitchens
and the Hotel Tivoh for the five years from July 1, 1908, to June 30,
1913, was $7,493,887.59. The total revenue of the commissary
department of the Panama Railroad Co., which is operated by the
subsistence department, for the same period was $30,287,222.74,
making a grand total of $37,781,110.33.
Tables showing details of the financial operations for the fiscal year
are attached hereto.
Very respectfully,
Eugene T. Wilson,
Lieutenant Colonel, Coast Artillery Corps,
United States Army, Subsistence Officer.
Col. George W. Goethals, United States Army,
Chairman and Chief Engineer, Culehra, Canal Zone.
400
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
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Table 6. — Summary of operations, July 1, 1912, to June SO, 1913.
Laundry.
Pay roll.
Miscellane-
ous.
Fuel.
Light.
Equipment.
Total cost
Coupons
and
tickets.
Collections.
Loss.
Supplies
consumed.
General
force.
Line gold
and silver.
Straight.
Expend-
able.
of opera-
tions.
('a.sb.
revenue. 1 '''■«"^-
served. 1 served.
Line hotels and reslau-
rants.
$43, 650. 10
44,225.30
44,660.83
49,837.76
49,987.12
54,056.19
53,840.79
48, 835. 51
54,682.28
53,947.72
53,8.50.28
51,(i35.57
81,369.29
1,337.62
1,227.51
1,428.26
1,387.25
1,. 524. 53
1,469.54
1,368.80
1,398.22
1,579.96
1,756.61
1,582.87
$1,118.52
1,057.21
1,636.03
1,033.28
1,660.91
1,249.88
1,, 5.52. 01
1,179.07
1,167.11
1,275.32
1,471.60
1,264.76
$7,080.09
7, 155. 30
7,586.14
7,671.97
7,683.05
7,876.75
7,970.48
8,465.71
8,874.54
8,977.73
8,866.50
8,783.87
.¥500.05
530. 83
$53, 718. 05
54,306.26
55, 609. 95
60,499.30
61,293.69
65,308.17
65,432.05
60,404.80
66,682.08
66,352.51
66,612.02
63,897.40
,$1,793.15
1,201.15
1,197.86
1,334.35
1,504.30
1,949.95
1,723.36
1,935.60
1,780.28
l,566.e5
1,288.25
1,282.95
$50,851.05
52,528.50
53, 157. 75
59, 275. 85
58,554.60
62,119.00
63,237.40
58,181.60
64,201.90
62,841.70
62,814.65
59, 287. ,50
$1,465.99
1,449.63
1,516.34
1,415.95
1,354.64
1,311.53
723. 59
245. 74
325. 25
301.78
320. 73
239. 82
$54,110.19
55, 177. 28
55,871.98
62,026.15
()1, 41.3. 54
65,380.48
65, 684. 35
60,362.94
66, 307. 43
64, 710. .33
64,423.63
60,810.27
$392. 14
871.02
262. 03
1,526.85
119.85
72. 31
252.30
168,012
173,145
175,547
195, 133
193,002
206, 173
209, 697
192,996
213,026
208, 745
208, 417
196, 751
September
499.44
528.03
575. 36
600.82
599. 23
,555. 71
559.93
571.78
667. 03
630.33
.
November
December
February
$41.86
374. 65
1,642.18
2,188.39
3,087.13
1
Total
603,209.45
17,430.46
15,665.70
96,992.13
6,818.54
740, 116. 28
18,558.05
707,049.50
10, 671. 02
736,278.57
3,837.71
2,340,644
European laborers'
messes.
1912— July
27,406.22
26,032.29
24,838.82
25,686.45
24,745.74
23,669.37
24,504.98
22,0^2.60
23,741.27
23,449.92
24,170.96
22,166.68
108.55
87. 51
79.17
107.08
108. 81
102. 40
89.25
87.58
82. 50
90.20
96.89
92.59
723.41
642. 89
937. 34
654. 53
902. 68
614. 06
767.57
583. 25
545.29
592. 82
707. 57
627. 81
2,718.84
2,630.67
2,682.03
2,637.80
2,702.31
2,-560.83
2,640.26
2,707.56
2,6.55.91
2,719.99
2,772.18
2,602.54
293. 47
263. 27
243.92
279.31
235. 78
316. 94
292.63
284. 94
297. 29
2S0. 75
289. 33
292. 87
$447. 65
441.59
441.44
449. 37
446. 27
447.34
450. 03
425. 58
437. 74
442.80
447.35
440.58
$86. 40
60.50
55.00
55. 60
.55. 70
56.50
59.20
65.60
57. 80
58. 60
59.40
55.80
$221.91
290. 41
183. 93
140. 85
262. 25
180. 96
434. 22
375. 57
318. 76
266. 79
289. 13
112. 15
$66. 71
51.27
135. 24
63.43
78.53
106. 14
78.93
82.48
74. 88
70.74
55.26
78.22
32,053.16
30, 500 40
29, 596. 89
30,074.42
29, 538. 07
34, 725. 07
33,243.47
31,511.13
32, 793. 87
31,310.80
29, 908. 27
31,266.54
28,435.47
29, 953. 73
29,3.54.27
30, 198. 13
28,779.47
250. 67
332. 94
211.47
280. 40
335. 87
276. 80
267. 46
123. 80
134. 4 J
143. 34
210. 00
158. 93
34,975.74
33,576.41
31,722.60
.33,074.27
31,646.67
30, 185. 07
31,534.00
-8, ,559. 27
30,088.14
29,497.61
30,408.13
28,938.40
2,922.58
3, 076. 01
2,125.71
87,439
83,941
August
September
79,307
October
2, 999. 85
82,686
November
2, 108. 60
2, 130. 53
2,216.93
1,874.11
1,876.70
1,525.00
1,520.06
2,469.16
79, 117
December
28, 054. 54
29,317.07
26,685.16
28,211.44
27,972.61
28,888.07
26, 469. 24
75,463
78, 835
1813— January
February
71,398
March
. 75,220
73,744
76,020
72,346
April
May
June
Total
292,495.30
1,132.53
8,299.22
32,030.92
3,370.50
5,317.74
696. 10
3,076.93
941.83
347,361.07
371,480.22
2, 726. 09
374,206.31
26, 845. 24
935, 516
Common laborers'
kitchen.
1912— July
9,453.86
9,384.12
9.017.66
8,597.51
8,293.61
7,708.16
8,191.49
8,709.70
8,500.33
8,103.77
8,205.49
7,911.98
28.14
25.59
24.99
29.27
28.40
29. 18
36.20
32.11
31.39
32.74
27.19
23.41
233.24
218. 96
319. 89
207. 74
294. 74
198. 53
242. 13
228. 06
192. 15
199. 71
228. 71
215. 74
879. 93
834.07
847. 75
836.72
862. 64
805.00
817. 98
989. 76
945. 87
914. 53
934.33
962. 51
31.60
29. ft?
16.25
iZ. 12
24.73
24.71
40.04
20.37
25.60
28.36
32.34
55.72
144.34
150. 40
150. 55
142.62
145. 72
144.65
141. 96
166. 41
154. 25
149. 19
144.64
151.41
16.00
15.90
15.00
14.40
14.30
13.50
13.20
16.80
14.60
13.80
13.00
16.60
1 2. 68
1.66
12.93
.07
12.56
6.05
3.03
11.68
3.93
1.73
4.14
3. 70
6.37
19.35
2.98
5.00
6.12
8.42
.42
2.51
10,788.36
10,659.74
10,393.30
9,875.15
9, 667. 95
8, 949. 13
9,489.01
10, 179. 79
9,870.31
9,500.47
9,582.75
9, 367. 45
10,535.31
10, 705. 05
10, 103. 85
9, 765. 54
9, 303. 03
8, 479. 08
9,084.42
9,867.89
9,367.83
8, 986. 68
8,958.24
9, 015. 48
754. 65
738. 72
772. 74
735. 03
911.88
912. 60
969. 12
955.26
1,001.07
837.18
895. 95
936. 33
11,289.96
11,443.77
10,876.59
10,500.57
10,214.91
9,391.68
10,053.54
10,823.15
10,368.90
9,823.86
9,854.19
9,951.84
501 . 60
784. 03
483.29
625. 42
546. 96
41,815
August
42 384
September
October
40,284
38,891
37,833
November
1
December
442.55
564.53
643.36
498. 59
323. 39
271. 44
584. 39
, 1
34,784
1918— January
37,235
40,086
February
March
38,403
April
49.95
'3.37
27.57
36,385
36,497
36,359
Mav
June
Total
102,077.68
348. 61
2,779.60
10,631.09
372.37
1,786.14
177. 10
86.15
64.67
118,323.41
114,172.40
10,420.56
124,592.96
6,269.55
461,456
Grand total
997,782.43
18,911.60
26, 744. 52
139,654.14
10,561.41
7, 103. 88
873. 20
3, 163. 08
1,006.50
1 205 800 76 1 18 •'i-^s n.5
1,192,702.12
23,817.67
1,235,077.84
29,277.08
1 2,340,644
1,396,972
— ,
11834°— 13. (To face page 408.)
1 Credit: This amount plus current month's charge collected for breakage.
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Appendix L.
REPORT OF H. A. A. SMITH, EXAMINER OF ACCOUNTS.
Isthmian Canal Commission,
Empire, Canal Zone, August 20, 1913.
Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of the trans-
actions of the department of examination of accounts, including the
duties performed as auditor of the Canal Zone Government, for the
fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
The general character of the business of this ofiice and the organiza-
tion through which it is handled has been sufficiently described in
preceding reports. To the several divisions of general accounting,
pay rolls, vouchers, coupon books and meal tickets, files and bonds,
injury claims, contract laborers, time inspection. Canal Zone
accounts, and inspection of accountable officers, a division of time-
keeping was added during the latter half of the fiscal year, and on
the 1st day of May the responsibility of the various clerks in the pay
rolls and voucher divisions was increased to some extent.
This increased responsibility resulted from the reduction of the
force in the disbursing office and the necessary elimination of a
greater part of the duplicate detailed check made by that office of
every voucher, pay roll, and pay receipt after those papers had been
fuUy examined and checked on behalf of the commission by the force
of this office, and the propriety of the proposed payments and the
correctness of all rates, extensions, and totals determined.
Prior to October 1, 1908, the disbursing officer of the commission
not only made disbursements and was responsible for the proper
handling of cash, but he also had charge of the general books of the
commission and performed many other duties not directly connected
with the disbursement of funds. On that date the miscellaneous
work performed by the disbursing officer was transferred to this office,
except that property accounting was transferred to the quartermas-
ter's department. The disbursing officer, insisting that he should
make the same examination of pay rolls and vouchers he had made
before for his own personal protection, was allowed a large force for
the purpose, although the change as a whole resulted in a substantial
reduction in expense and more satisfactory handling.
In the legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation act approved
August 23, 1912, a provision was inserted relative to the adminis-
trative examination of public accounts and stating that "disbursing
oflacers shall make only such examination of vouchers as may be
necessary to ascertain whether they represent legal claims against
the United States." Full consideration was given as to the meaning
of this provision and its effect was discussed with the Appropriation
411
412 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION".
C'ommittee of the House. As a result instructions were issued to the
disbursing officer and to the examiner of accounts, which put this
provision into effect May 1, 1913. This did not materially change
the work of this office, but it did reduce the work and force in the
disbursing office.
A timekeeping division was organized January 1 by consolidating
the timekeeping, or rather the work of preparing time and pay rolls,
for the chairman and chief engineer's office, the quartermaster's
department, and the departments of civQ administration and sanita-
tion. Subsequently, similar work for the Atlantic and mechanical
divisions was taken over and remained under the jm-isdiction of this
office until the end of the fiscal year. The work was not under this
office for a sufficient time to fully systematize it. Besides, the con-
solidation was attempted at a time when it seemed inadvisable to
make any radical changes in methods m view of the short time remain-
ing before completion of a large part of the construction work.
However, a material reduction in cost was the result of the consolida-
tion. The force at work remained as lar^e as ever, although it was
shifting during the period from one division to another. From the
best figures available the pay roll cost per man was $0,259, whereas
the average cost to the separate divisions previously was $0,291. The
total amount paid to the men assigned to the timekeeping division,
either regularly or through temporary details, amounted to $34,922.75
for the six months' period, including payments to several who left the
service with from 60 to over 90 days accrued leave due, the maximum
amount, $8,733.01, being paid in the month of June. The total
number of names carried on the rolls prepared under the supervision
of this office during the month of June was 32,463, as against 43,335
on the rolls of the commission.
I have always been convinced and still am convinced that the
pay-roll work can be more satisfactorily, economically, and safely
administered under the jurisdiction of this office than anywhere else,
on account of the fact that this office must necessarily be most
familiar with the methods of handling the work. At the same time
proper supervision of the work involved a heavy burden of which, on
July 1, I was glad to be relieved. For the permanent organization
the accounting office is the proper place to handle this work.
No change was made in the accounting system of the commission
during the year with the exception that the classified expenditure
accounts have been extended from time to time to provide for new
operations of the commission, including the construction of new
buildings, the electric transmission line, clearing the lake, etc., and
a further separation of the accounts for the construction and mainte-
nance of waterworks and sewers to care for the permanent water
supply. Authority was given to close the material and supply account
at the end of the fiscal year and to open a new account beginnint^ July
1 in order to provide a more exact record of material andsupplies on
hand and issued. Plans were also made for providing, effective July 1 ,
a method for more accurately determming the status of appropriations
and especially the amount of outstanding obligations at any given
time. This will involve considerable detail but it is essential at this
stage of the construction work that accurate records on this subject
be maintained. One change that will soon have to be made in the
DEPARTMENT OF EXAMINATION OF ACCOUNTS. 413
accounting system is the opening of revenue accounts separate and
distinct from the expenditure accounts. Heretofore the expenditure
accounts have received credit for all revenues. In view of the charac-
ter of the receipts this method of handling has not been entirely incor-
rect, but good accounting requires a distinct series of accounts to cover
the revenues. These accounts will be provided for in due time. The
continuance of the method of absorbing plant and equipment charges
as installed by your direction July 1, 1909, has resulted in distributmg
plant charges to the the amount of $27,550,635.24 to the construction
divisions to June 30, 1913, leaving a balance on that date of
$1,941,488.61 to be absorbed.
The policy of requiring cash payments for material and supphes
furnished and services rendered having been adopted during the year
as far as appeared practicable, the work involved in collecting moneys
due the commission from employees and others was considerably
reduced and, what is more important, the liability of loss due to giving
credit was removed.
Under the existing agreement with the Republic of Panama provision
is made for the reimbursement of the United States for the expendi-
tures incurred in connection with the construction and maintenance of
waterworks, sewers, and pavements within the cities of Panama and
Colon. To June 30 there has been a total expenditure on this account
in the city of Panama of $1,626,267.58 and $1,550,030.46 in the city
of Colon, a total of $3,176,298.04, which includes accrued interest to
date on the capital cost balances at the rate of 2 per cent per annum.
For the work in Panama this interest has amounted to $157,501.97
and for the work in Colon $1 13,231.75. To the end of the fiscal year
$975,439.71 have been reimbursed, leaving a balance of $2,200,858.33
still due the United States. Included in the above reimbursed
amount is $32,785.01, representing the value of water used by the
Isthmian Canal Commission in the two cities.
The transfer of the duty of purchasing and issuing commissary
coupon books to the Panama Railroad Co. made little difference in the
work of this office, in view of the continuance of the existing method
of issuing coupon books to employees of the commission and making
collections therefor by deductions on pay rolls. Sixty thousand seven
hundred and ninety hotel books and 1,363,100 meal tickets were
issued, for which collections have been made on the pay roUs, in addi-
tion to the collection of and remittance to the Panama Railroad Co.
of $3,235,122 for commissary books issued to commission employees.
The required administrative examination of the disbursing officer's
account has been made monthly and the accounts forwarded to the
Auditor for the War Department in Washington.
The periodical examination of all fiscal officers' records of financial
transactions and the auditing of their accounts has been continued.
This involves a complete check of the records and cash and cash values
in the hands of over 200 financially responsible officers, including the
disbursing officer, treasurer of the Canal Zone government, cashiers of
water-collecting offices and hotels, postmasters, revenue collectors,
judges and clerks of courts, etc. In addition, on October 31, 1912,
and on June 30, 1913, in conjunction with the local auditor of the
Panama Railroad Co., checks were made of the cash in the hands of
the local treasurer of that company.
414 REPOBT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
The schedule bond of the lUinois Surety Co. under which 286 em-
ployees of the commission are bonded for the faithful performance
of their duties involving responsibihty for money or money values
has been continued in force during the fiscal year and was renewed for
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1914.
There has been passed to the disbursing officer for payment audited
vouchers amounting to $9,022,000 and pay rolls amounting to approxi-
mately $20,700,000. At the close of business June 30 there were
unaudited claims on hand amounting to $57,197, the greater portion
of which were in favor of the Panama Railroad Co.
The force assigned to the inspection of time books and the work
of timekeepers in the field has been reduced to some extent, due in part
to reduced operations at certain points and in part to a better coopera-
tion by departments and divisions with this branch of the work. A
few cases of padding time books were discovered toward the end of
the year, and five or six negro timekeepers, foremen, and laborers,
who were beneficiaries of the fraudulent practices, were convicted.
The amounts involved were small, as the cases were discovered before
the practice had continued for any material length of time.
CANAL ZONE GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTS.
The duties of receiving, examining, and settling all accounts per-
taining to the operations of the Canal Zone government have not
changed, and the financial transactions are set forth in tables herewith
submitted.
The amount of revenues derived from rentals, taxation, etc., has
decreased from $259,759.68 in 1912 to $212,266.83 in 1913.^ This
decrease was apparently due to reduced revenues from liquor Ucenses
in the Canal Zone and from real estate taxes and rentals. The dis-
bursement of Canal Zone revenues increased from $214,000 in 1912
to $233,000 in 1913, the increase being principally due to sanitary
work in native villages and increased expenditiu'e for maintenance
of Canal Zone roads and trails. In the operation of the post offices
there has been an increase in the number of orders issued from
227,707 in 1912 to 238,316 in 1913, with a slight decrease in the
amount involved. The value of money orders issued during the fiscal
year 1912 was $4,915,077.26, while the value of those issued in 1913
amounted to $4,883,624.13, for which fees amounting to $23,360.31
were collected, thus refuting the contention that has frequently been
made that the installation of the postal savings system would greatly
decrease the revenues derived from money orders. Money orders
from all sources amounting to $5,181,369.79 are shown in Table 26 as
having been paid during the year, the increase over prior years being
occasioned by the inclusion of $1,151,144.39, covering the payments
made in the United States for the months of April, May, and June,
1912, in the business of the fiscal year 1913, due to delay in receiving
statements from the Auditor for the United States Post Office
Department.
The revenues derived from sales of postage stamps, which in 1912
amounted to $87,641.45, increased to $100,917.99 during the last
fiscal year. This is the largest amount ever received during any year
since the establishment of the Canal Zone postal system.
DEPARTMENT OF EXAMINATION OF ACCOUNTS. 415
Reference has been made in my preceding reports to the amount
paid to the Republic of Panama under the agreement whereby the
Republic receives 40 per cent of the face vahie of all stamps used in
the Canal Zone, the stamps being furnished by the Republic of Pan-
ama. To June 30, 1913, this has amounted to $240,930.13, and is an
exceedingly heavy charge against the postal system and the revenues
of the Canal Zone. WMle the agreement to pay the Republic of Pan-
ama a percentage on the amount of stamp sales was one of several
concessions made by the United States to offset certain concessions
made by the RepubUc of Panama, that agreement, it seems to me,
was not intended to continue indefinitely, and necessarily could not
have taken into consideration the amount that would be involved in
continuing it in force. The application of all the postal receipts to
the maintenance of the postal system would have made that system
more nearly self-supporting. As it is, a very large proportion of the
cost of the postal service must be met out of regidar_ appropriations
made by Congi'ess. I renew my former recommendation for an early
modification of the present agreement reUeving the Canal Zone gov-
ernment from tliis charge. Authority should be obtained for the
purchase of stamps direct from the United States.
The operations of the Postal Savings System has involved the issue
during the year of postal savings certificates amounting to $1,601,-
616, from which there have been mthdrawals to the amount of
$1,312,873. The difference, together with the balance brought for-
ward on July 1, 1913, making a total of $645,690, represents the
balance in the postal savings account at the close of business June 30,
1913. (See Table 29.)
The major portion of the funds of the Canal Zone have been con-
tinued on deposit with the two depositories at Washington, D. C,
although an amount not exceeding $100,000 is deposited in one of the
banks on the Isthmus. The actual amount in all depositories on
June 30, 1913, was $2,168,339.62, secured by the deposit of high-
grade bonds under control of a representative of the Government.
The Secretary of War entered into new agreements with the two
Washington depositories during the latter half of the fiscal year which
will increase materially the amount of revenue derived by the Canal
Zone government from interest. The interest received during the
fiscal year 1913 amounted to $32,647.77, an_ increase of $11,862.81
over the amount received from this source during the fiscal year 1912.
The total amount of interest received to the end of the fiscal year, as
shown in detail in Table 23, is $118,064.07.
The commission clubhouses received a total revenue of $140,630.06,
and expended during the year $138,134.02, the difference, in addi-
tion to the balance brought forward on July 1, 1912, making a total
of $27,349.78 as the balance of clubhouse funds on hand at the
close of business June 30, 1913. Of this amount $25,814.56 was
in the hands of the treasurer of the Canal Zone government and
$1,535.22 in the hands of the several secretaries.
CLAIMS FOR INJURY AND DEATH.
Under the provisions of the injury compensation act of May 30,
1908, as amended hj section 5 of the act of March 4, 1911, 1,809
claims for compensation on account of injuries received in course of
416
KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
employment were filed by employees during the fiscal year, and 41
claims were filed on account of deaths, a total of 1,850. The follow-
ing shows the number of claims filed each year from the beginning:
Aug. 1, 1908,
to
June 30, 1909.
July 1, 1909,
to
June 30, 1910.
July 1,1910,
to
June 30, 1911.
July 1, 1911,
to
June 30, 1912.
July 1, 1912,
to
June 30, 1913.
Injuries
662
41
1,161
38
1,544
75
1,849
50
1,809
T)fiarhs
41
Total
703
1,199
1,619
1,899
1,850
One thousand four hundred and fifty-two claims of employees for
injuries were allowed, 130 were disallowed for the reason that the
employees claiming compensation were incapacitated for less than 15
days, but in these cases payments were usually made as meritorious
sick leave under the act of February 24, 1909, while 185 claims,
including 25 claims pending from the previous year, were disallowed
for reasons as follows :
Negligence and misconduct of the employee 24
Employees were not in course of employment 40
Claimants were not employees of the commission 4
Claimants were incapacitated less than 15 days 3
Accidents described was not the cause of incapacity 58
Incapacity was caused by illness 16
Insufficient evidence submitted to establish connection between the alleged in-
jury and the incapacity 38
Failure of the employee to secure proper medical treatment 1
One claim under the Executive order of February 26, 1913, was
disallowed, as that order was never put into effect.
Twenty-one death claims were allowed, while 8 were disallowed for
the reason that in 5 of them claimants were not considered depend-
ant parents within the meaning of the act; in 2 cases death was due
to neghgence or misconduct of the employee, and in 1 case the
claimant was held not to be a parent within the meaning of the act.
Under the act of February 24, 1909, authorizing the chairman to
grant meritorious sick leave to injured employees for not exceeding
30 days in any one year, which in its application, vnih certain excep-
tions, has been restricted to cases of mcapacity lasting for 15 days
or less, 4,715 cases have been allowed.
The average duration of disability of cases for which injury com-
pensation claims have been filed is 58 days, whereas the average esti-
mated duration of cases in which meritorious sick leave has been
granted is 5 days. Payments were made during the fiscal year as
follows :
On account of injury claims $150, 943. 79
On account of death claims 23, 792. 02
On account of grants of meritorious sick leave under the act
of Feb. 24, 1909 49, 335. 91
A total for the year of 224, 071. 72
From August 1, 1908, to June 30, 1913, the Isthmian Canal Com-
mission has paid $915,824.79 on account of injuries received by em-
ployees in course of employment. Further details in regard to the
DEPARTMENT OF EXAMINATION OF ACCOUNTS. 417
particulars of injuries and deaths and the amounts paid therefor by
departments and divisions of the commission will be found in Tables
16 and 17, attached hereto. • • i 1 1
With the two exceptions noted below no detailed statistical tables
have been prepared to show the causes of accidents, the classes of
injuries received, the amounts paid for the various classes of injuries,
or other data of a similar character. On the forms furnished by the
Department of Commerce and Labor, and now by the Department
of Labor, reports m each injury case are furnished that departnient
from which valuable statistical data have been or can be compiled.
The Department of Commerce and Labor has published a report on
the results of the injury compensation act of May 30, 1908, which
segregates all the data relating to accidents happenmg on the Panama
Canal from the data relative to accidents reported by other depart-
ments of the United States Government. This report covers the
period between August 1, 1908, and June 30, 1911. The followmg is
quoted from page 71 of the report as being of general mterest:
Under each cause the separation of the Isthmian Canal Commission and all other
branches of service has been preserved, and the observation made above, that the
accidents of shorter diu-ation predominate in the Isthmian Canal Commission as
compared with other branches of service, evidently holds true of each individual
cause so that it can not be explained by differences in causation. The reasons for
this difference have been given above— better medical treatment in Government
hospitals, better reporting of minor accidents, compensation for disability lasting 15
days or less, and also better medical supervision, which prevents undue extension of
the disability period.
Using data contained in this report as a basis, I have prepared two
tables, Nos. 18 and 19, giving for the 11 months ending June 30, 1909,
and for the years ending June 30, 1910, and June 30, 1911, the causes
of accidents resulting in injuries and the character of the injuries
received by employees of the commission, adding to such tables data
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1912. On account of lack of time
I was unable to complete the data for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1913. , ^
Section 5 of the Panama Canal act approved August 24, 1912,
authorized the President to prescribe a method for the determination
and adjustment of all claims arising out of personal injuries to em-
ployees and to prescribe a schedule of compensation therefor. In the
closing days of liis admmistration President Taft issued an Executive
order covering this matter; but as the act provided that payments
could be made only out of moneys thereafter appropriated for that
purpose, and as the sundry civil appropriation act failed of passage
until the latter part of June, that act having contained the only
authority for makuigpayments. President Wilson suspended the opera-
tion of the order. The result has been that the provisions of the act
of May 30, 1908, as amended by the act of March 4, 1911, have been
continued in effect over the canal work. A new draft has been pre-
pared and submitted to the Secretary of War modifying materially
the basis for determining the amounts payable as prescribed in the
order signed by President Taft. This was done so as to brmg the
order more in accord with the ideas that were in mind when recom-
mendation was made for authority to provide a different schedule of
compensation than that provided in the act of May 30, 1908.
11834°— 13 21
418 KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
ACCOUNTING SYSTEM FOR THE PERMANENT ORGANIZATION.
Under your instructions some preliminary work was done toward
gathering data for use in formulating the permanent accountmg sys-
tem for the Panama Canal. This work is handicapped by lack of
positive knowledge as to the form the permanent organization is to
take and by the fact that the present accounting organization of the
commission is not established so as to insure efficient control. Cen-
tralized accounting control does not exist in the present canal organ-
ization, which makes it exceedingly difficult to satisfactorily handle
some of the questions which arise. Conditions are better than they
were, as this office has assumed the task of adjusting many problems
and of endeavoring to get data which will be requhed later. The
assimment to this office of the duty of supervising the preparation
of the estimates for appropriations has given it the opportunity to
call for data in regard to the condition of appropriations and has also
made it necessary for this office to do so.
The work of formulating the accounting system must be entered
upon at once if we are to be prepared when vessels first go through the
canal, and I am convinced that the most satisfactory results can be
obtained if the commission retains control of the work that is to be
done. Compliance with the essential governmental requirements and
the practical conditions on the Isthmus must be the first considera-
tion. These can only be met in my judgment by those familiar with
the two subjects. Expert assistance should be obtained, but the
work should be supervised here, so that a plan consistent with con-
ditions that actually exist and reconcilable with requirements of law
and Treasury regulations, except as it is found necessary to modify
them, will be worked out and submitted for approval. This wUl
insure centralized control of the work, its prosecution on uniform
lines, the using to the best advantage of information that has already
been gathered or is a matter of general knowledge on the Isthmus,
and the completion of the most pressing subjects first and this last is
exceedingly important .
CANAL APPROPRIATIONS AND EXPENDITURES.
Congress has appropriated a total of $349,505,223.14 for canal
construction, including the appropriations contained in the act of
June 23, 1913. Of this amount $10,676,950 *was for fortifications,
of which $4,870,000 was appropriated by the act of June 23, 1913,
and $21,411.56 was for the relief of private persons. The balance,
$338,806,861.58, including $16,265,393 appropriated by the act of
June 23, 1913, was appropriated for the construction of the canal and
is a charge against the total authorized bond issue of $375,200,900
as fixed in section 39 of the tariff act of August 5, 1909. This leaves
available for appropriation a balance of $36,394,038.42. The actual
cash balance on hand June 30, 1913, for the construction of the
canal, excluding the amount available for fortifications, was
$20,673,904.79. The total amounts carried under appropriation
items 1 and 2 for the Washington office, and items 7,8, and 9 for the
department of civil administration, were obHgated. For the depart-
rnent of sanitation there remained unobHgated in the two appropria-
tions for salaries and wages about $27,000 for cheers and employees
DEPARTMENT OF EXAMINATION OF ACCOUNTS. 419
and about $29,000 for skilled and unskilled labor. In item 12 for
material, supplies, and miscellaneous expenditures for that depart-
ment there was practically no balance. For construction and engi-
neering a small balance remained unobUgated in item 6 covering
incidental expenses. In item 3 covering salaries and wages for officers
and employees, and item 4 for skilled and unskilled labor, there
remained $240,000 for item 3 and $1,115,000 for item 4, more than
enough to meet the current payments for June and prior months.
It is to be noted that the skilled and unskilled labor roUs amounted
to $720,000 more during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913, than
during the preceding year, while the rolls covering the supervisory
force increased about $1,300 only. While a cash balance of $12,879^-
240.21 remained in item 5, from which miscellaneous purchases of
material are made, the orders outstanding and unpaid on July 1,
including orders for dehvery during the present fiscal year issued
before that date, amounted to about $8,000,000. In addition there
were outstanding and unpaid on June 30 chargeable against this
appropriation freight charges to the Isthmus amounting to approxi-
mately $300,000, charges for purchases on the Isthmus of $300,000,
and miscellaneous items amounting to about $300,000, reducing
the available total after adding $5,000,000 appropriated by the act
of June 23, 1913, of which $2,000,000 was for colliers, and after credit-
ing $654,002.55 on account of transfer settlements made after June
30, 1913, on account of transactions prior to that date, and $303,145.11
on account of collections to be repaid after June 30, 1913, to about
$7,950,000 to meet any additional orders, purchases, and miscel-
laneous expenses payable during the present fiscal year.
Five million eignt hundred and fifty-six thousand eight hundred
and thirty-eight dollars and ^ thirty-five cents was collected and
returned to the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts to June 30, 1913.
This item represents the total amount appropriated by Congress
wliich after being used for miscellaneous purposes in connection
with the canal work has been covered back into the Treasury and
lost to canal appropriations. It includes the payments made by
the Panama Railroad Co. on account of loans, $1,687,714.92; interest
on loans, $473,194.27; annual subsidy, $631,875; and dividends,
$344,945— a total of $3,137,729.19. For the reasons stated in my
last annual report, namely, that the payment of this amount into
the Treasury rendered it impossible for the railroad company to
renew its roadbed and equipment and necessitated the use of moneys
appropriated by Congress directly for rebuilding and reequipping
the railroad, and required the commission to pay a higher price for
material sold and services rendered by the railroad company, the
deposit of this money in the Treasury may be considered as having
reduced the total appropriations available for canal purposes.
Table 1 shows the total amount which has been made available
for canal purposes as $316,684,926.68. To this amount should be
added $506,013.02 received in reimbursement of the expenditures
incurred in installing waterworks, sewers, and pavements in the
cities of Panama and Colon, after adding the interest on the capital
cost and deducting cost of maintenance; also the amount received
from the sale of French scrap, $80,030.33, and from the sale of unserv-
iceable equipment or equipment no longer required, less the expenses
of making sudi sales, ilis last item wrtitout efxcluding the cost of
420
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
making sales has amounted to $198,991.87. For the past few years
moneys received from these sources have been deposited as miscel-
laneous receipts and then reappropriated for canal construction
purposes. Beginning with July 1, 1913, under the act of May 1,
1913, moneys received from these sources are deposited in the
Treasury and are not subject to further use on the canal. The use
of these amounts has increased the total actually available for canal
construction purposes to the end of the fiscal vear 1913 to approxi-
mately $317,469,961.90.
Respectfully, H. A. A. Smith,
Examiner of Accounts.
Col. George W. Goethals,
Chairman and Chief Engineer, Culehra, Canal Zone.
INDEX TO TABLES SUBMITTED WITH REPORT OF THE EXAMINER
OF ACCOUNTS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1913.
Table 1. Moneys available and applied to purchase of canal rights and cost o'f canal
construction.
Table 2. Receipts and disbursements to date.
Table 3. Appropriations by Congress. Appropriations for fiscal year 1914.
Table 4. Miscellaneous receipts deposited in the Treasury and lost to canal appro-
priations.
Table 5. Classified expenditures for the fiscal year and total to date. Classified
expenditure accounts for the fiscal year which are prorated monthly as
overhead charges.
Table 6. Overhead charges distributed to divisions and departments for the fiscal
year.
Table 7. Plant and equipment purchased for and absorbed in construction Vork.
Table 8. Receipts and disbursements from appropriations and balances available
for the fiscal year.
Table 9. Collections during the year returnable to appropriations.
Table 10. Collections returned to appropriations during the year.
Table 11. Collections made on pay rolls during the year.
Table 12. Audited pay rolls during the year divided between appropriations and
by divisions and departments.
Table 13. Bills collectible registered during the year.
Table 14. Meal tickets and hotel coupons honored.
Table 15. Coupon books and meal tickets distributed to issuing clerks.
Table 16. Injuries sustained during the year for which compensation was due or
claimed.
Table 17. Amounts paid as compensation on accoimt of death of employees, injured
in course of employment, and injuries lasting 15 days or less.
Table 18. Number of fatal and nonfatal ai-cidents August 1, 1908, to June 30, 1912.
Table 19. Compensated cases of nonfatal injuries August 1, 1908, to June 30, 1912.
Table 20. Revenues collected. Canal Zone funds, Julv 1, 1912, to June 30, 1913.
Table 21. Expenditures, Canal Zone funds, July 1, 1912, to June 30, 1913.
Table 22. Balances in Treasury June 30, 1913.
Table 23. Receipts, Canal Zone funds. May 1, 1904, to June 30, 1913.
Table 24. Expenditures, Canal Zone funds. May 1, 1904, to June 30, 1913.
Table 25. Consolidated statement of receipts and disbursements, Canal Zone funds,
May 1. 1904, to June 30, 1913.
Table 26. Total value of money orders issued, paid, and outstanding, July 1, 1906,
to June 30, 1913.
Table 27. Money order business and stamp sales by post offices, July 1, 1912, to
June 30, 1913.
Table 28. Monthly money order business, July 1, 1912, to June 30, 1913.
Table 29. Money order fees, stamp sales, and postal savings bank transactions by
post offices, July 1, 1912, to June 30, 1913.
Table 30. Classified expenditures for the department of civil administration and
Canal Zone government combined, for fiscal year ending June 30, 1913,
and from begiimixig to that date.
DEPARTMENT OF EXAMINATION" OF ACCOUNTS. 421
Table 1. — -Statement of monet/s available for and applied to the purchase of canal rights
and cost of canal consti'uction to June SO, 1913.
Appropriations by Congress (Table 3) |328, 370, 026. 59
Less:
Appropriations for fortifications $5, 806, 950. 00
Privateacts $21,411.56
Judgment, Court of Claims 196. 45
21,608.01
Collections retiu^ned to the United States Treas-
ury as miscellaneous receipts and lost to canal
appropriations (Table 4) 5, 856, 838. 35
11, 685, 396. 36
Net amount available 316, 684, 630. 23
Classified expenditures (Table 5) 298, 985, 812. 90
Less:
Fortifications : $3, 114, 357. 52
Privateacts 16,608.01
3, 130, 965. 53
Unapplied credits to expenditures:
Water rentals 975, 439. 71
French scrap used or sold 1, 161 , 124. 41
Unpaid rolls on June 30, 1913 . $2, 009, 138. 53
Less unpaid amounts on
rolls for fortifications . . 70, 319. 02
1,938,819.51
Subsidies from Panama Railroad Co 631, 875. 00
Dividends from Panama Railroad stock 344, 945. 00
Interest on loans to Panama Railroad Co 473, 194. 27
Miscellaneous rentals 239, 061. 66
8, 895, 425. 09
Net charges to classified expenditures 290, 090, 387. 81
Material and supplies and other unclassified items (Table 2), less
$337,171.20 for fortifications 4, 311, 466. 84
Bills collectible outstanding 711, 926. 15
Due on Treasury Department transfers from fortifications 595, 520. 21
Unexpended appropriation balances (Table 8), except $3,026,260.51
for fortifications and private acts 20, 673, 904. 79
Collections retiu-nable to appropriations (Table 10), $303,145.11, less
$1,720.68 due Panama Railroad Co. from collections returned to
appropriations 301, 424. 43
Total accounted for 316, 684, 630. 23
Table 2. — Statement of receipts, disbursements, and balances available June 30, 1913.
RECEIPTS.
Appropriations by Congress (Table 3 ) $328, 370, 026. 59
Water rentals ( Panama and Colon) 975, 439. 71
Salvage from French material and equipment 1, 161, 124. 41
Collections account sale of Government property, etc. (Table 4) 5, 856, 838. 35
Collections due individuals and companies 6, 893. 10
Total receipts 336, 370, 322. 16
422 EEPORT ISTHMIAN" CANAL COMMISSION,
Table 2, — Statement of receipts, disbursements, and balances available June SO, 191S —
Continued.
DISBURSEMENTS.
Classified expenditures (Table 5) $298, 985, 812. 90
Department of civil administration $6. 393, 308. 73
Department of law 44, 982. 27
Depaitment of sanitation 16, 250, 164. 93
Hospitals and asvlums .|8, 438, 940. 76
Sanitation ." 6, 683, 462. 68
Construction and repair of
buildings 1, 127, 761. 49
Department of construction and eno;ineering . . . 185, 316, 095. 75
Atlantic division $53, 504, 462. 14
Central division 83, 942, 519. 45
Pacific division 47,355,130.53
General 513,983.63 •
General items 87, 866, 903. 70
Fortifications 3,114,357.52
Paid into the United States Treasury for sales of Government prop-
erty, etc ; 5, 856, 838. 35
Services rendered and material sold individuals and companies 4, 167, 762. 42
Unclassified expenditures 4, 648, 638. 04
Material and supplies |3, 769, 924. 90
Other unclassified items, including suspense
accounts for Ancon-Sosa and Balboa fills,
$180,550.52; armament of fortifications, $335,-
756. 20; June overhead expenses, $224,221.26;
and other expenses awaiting distribution by
divisions 878, 713. 14
Bills collectible outstanding 711, 926. 15
Total dislKirsements 314, 370, 977. 86
Less amounts included above, but unpaid on June 30, 1913 2, 009, 138. 53
Salaries and wages unpaid on rolls to June 1,
1913 .' $240,380.25
Pay roils for the month of June, 1913 1, 768. 758. 28
Net disbursements 312. 361. 839. 33
Cash balances, June 30, 1913 24, 008, 482. 83
Congressional appropriations (Table 8) 23, 700, 1(!5. 30
June, 1913, collections retiu'nable to appropri-
ations (Table 10) 303, 145. 11
Collections, account individuals and companies . 5, 1 72. 42
Duo individuals and companies. $6, 893. 10
Less amounts due Panama Rail-
road from collections repaid
approjjriations 1 , 720. 68
Total accounted for 336, 370, 322. 16
DEPARTMENT OF EXAMINATION OF ACCOUNTS.
423
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DEPARTMENT OF EXAMINATION OF ACCOUNTS.
425
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426
EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table 4. — Detailed statement of collections which hare been deposited in the United
States Treasury as miscellaneous receipts and lost to canal appropriations to June 30,
1913.
Sales of Isthmian Canal property $1, 085, 463. 03
Sale of property $850, 500. 11
Sale of French material and equipment 81, 634. 80
Sale of water 255. 43
Sale of Panama R. R. stock 1, 3o5. 00
Mess accounts 46, 879. 48
Receipts from pay patients 79, 992. 68
Quarantine subsistence 24, 900. 53
Rentals of Isthmian Canal property 521, 441. 02
Rent of lands and buildings 41, 427. 24
Rent of equipment 311, 047. 33
Panama water and sewer rentals 71, 967. 71
Colon water and sewer rentals 31, 573. 00
Rentals, miscellaneous 65, 425. 74
Work done by Isthmian Canal Commission 207, 786. 52
Labor furnished Panama R. R. Co 180, 336. 97
t)ther labor furnished 27,449. 55
Miscellaneous 3, 065, 327. 78
Telegraph and telephone service 3, 547. 35
Hotels and boarding camps 758, 470. 34
Hotel coupon books 32, 238. 28
Laundry receipts 7, 382. 01
Corral receipts 8, 628. 56
Miscellaneous 93, 740. 47
Interest on loans 473, 194. 27
Repayment of loans 1, 687, 714. 92
Pay-car overages 411. 58
Subsidies and dividends 976, 820. 00
Annual subsidy from Panama R. R. Co 631, 875. 00
Dividends on Panama R. R. stock 344, 945. 00
Total 5, 856, 838. 35
Table 5. — Detailed statement of classified expenditures for the fiscal year ending June
30, 1913, and total from the beginning of the work to date.
Department of civil administration:
Administration
Supreme and circuit courts
Prosecuting attorney
Division of revenues
Division of posis
Division of customs
Division of lands and buildings
Division of estates
Police and prisons
Fire protection
Maintenance and operation of waterworks and sewers — Panama.
Colon....
Repairs and maintenance of pavements — Panama
Colon
Mi.scellaneons Zone public works
Treasurer of the Canal Zone
Construct ion of buildings
Repairs of buildings
Survey of Canal Zone lands
Total, department of civil administration.
Department of law:
Otnce of counsel and chief attorney.
Land ofTice
Total, department of law.
Total fiscal
year 1913.
$r)4,491.57
32, 723. 71
18,444.02
79,651.14
9, 094. 67
3,225.02
273, 495. 12
104,200.57
23,997.74
43,359.82
14,472. <«■)
7,801.78
4,822.84
8,800.82
407. 91
2,278.77
681,389.06
18,718.68
1,534.43
20,253.11
Total to June
30. 1913.
8605,
364,
39,
184,
732,
75,
102,
29,
2,262,
795,
168,
252,
•11,
40,
33,
514,
19,
828.09
669. 72
558. 47
559. 75
609. 56
825. 34
040. 07
897. 65
693. 02
753. 33
748. 90
935. 40
240. 52
958. 57
442. 96
204. SO
519.41
757.17
000.00
6,393,308.73
36,651.11
8,331.16
44,982.27
DEPARTMENT OF EXAMINATION OF ACCOUNTS.
42Y
Table 5. — Detailed statement of classified expenditures for the fiscal year ending June
SO, 191S, and total from the beginning of the work to date — Continued.
Total fiscal
year 1913.
Total to June
30, 1913.
Department of sanitation:
Administration
Hospitals and asylums —
Medical storehouse, Colon
Ancon hospital
Colon hospital
Taboga sanitarium
Santo Tomas hospital
Other hospitals, dispensaries, and sick camps
Quarantine
Sanitation, Panama and Colon —
Sanitation proper, Panama
Disposal of garbage, street cleaning, etc., Panama.
Sanitation proper. Colon
Disposal of garbage, street cleaning, etc., Colon
Zone sanitation —
Sanitation proper
Disposal of garbage, street cleaning, etc
Construction of buildings
Repairs of buildings
Corozal farm
Total, department of sanitation.
Department of construction and engineering:
Atlantic division —
Dry excavation (prism), construction work
Dredging excavation (prism) —
Construction work
Plant
Gatun dam and spillway —
Construction work
Plant
Gatun locks-
Construction work
Plant
Gatun power plant, permanent —
Construction work
Plant
Rock and sand account —
Porto Bello rock plant
Transportation plant
Colon breakwater —
Construction work
Plant
Gatun-Mindi levee
Terminal facilities, Cristobal, construction work.
Clearing drift in Gatun Lake
Total, Atlantic division.
Central division-
Dry excavation —
Construction work
Plant
Dredging excavation-
Construction work
Plant
Clearing channel in Gatun Lake.
Masonry —
Construction work
Plant
Total, central division.
Pacifle division —
Dry excavation (prism)—
Construction work
Plant
Dredging excavation (prism) —
Construction work
Plant
Pedro Miguel locks and dams —
Construction work
Plant
Miraflores locks and dams —
Construction work
Plant
$69, 782. 58
9,534.05
388,848.05
187, 439. 24
24,990.30
9,877.50
171,050.46
41,454.08
30,810.55
8,255.25
20, 144. 51
2,372.35
371,844.90
65,101.01
1 62. 21
16,489.62
5, 460. 80
1,435,400.90
13,910.10
1,465,
1292,
1,260,
1179,
0,345,
22,
320,
2,
1116,
972,
1204,
328. 01
748. 95
458. 03
900. 73
032. 50
380. GO
487. S3
195. 54
081.21
193.17
210. 51
429. 10
488. 14
083.27
9,631,815.43
7,489,132.30
1 121,032.55
10, 694. 93
9,243.74
7,924.47
1 17,510.00
7,378,440.!
2,275,189.75
1 185,304.20
1,995,513.58
1 753. 13
3,138,274.06
1 76,614.34
7,089,098.55
1353,252.53
$846,233.85
41,098.79
3,680,409.46
1,905,67:^.04
125,347.24
60, 499. 60
2,0")0,229.21
300, 420. 95
800,005.78
78,029.30
009,0.3.5.51
38, 992. 28
4,016,067.29
486,173.62
1,033,799.25
93, 902. 24
5,400.80
10,250,164.93
1,480,371.43
8,422,
93,
11,868,
1295,
28, 143,
198,
364,
2,
185,
- 305,
2,630,
6,
72,
14,
5,
057. 42
373. 02
300. 05
447. 57
938. 81
251.22
102. 85
195.54
027. 32
800. 29
178. 85
941.03
408. 47
488. 14
083.27
53,504,462.14
83,802,494.10
1 53, 095. 71
20,493.33
9,243.74
149,351.22
12,432.77
1,600.00
83,942,519.45
3,325,393.01
62,619.43
10,504,742.18
744,525.02
11,641,750.34
22, 995. 12
18,160,580.21
75, 008. 96
> Credit.
428
EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table 5. — Detailed statement of classified expenditures for the fiscal year ending June
SO, 1913, and total from the beginning of the tvork to date — (Jontinued.
Total fiscal
year 1913.
Total to June
30, 1913.
Cepartmont of construction and engineering — Continued.
Paeific Division— Continued.
Rock and sand account —
Ancon rock plant
Chame sand plant
Miraflores power plant, construction work
Naos Island breakwater, construction work
Terminal facilities, Balboa-
Construction work
Plant
i.S105,601.21
1 1,55,668.91
1 S7,S7S. 80
212,155.41
1,691,282.49
207,394.86
$109,046.68
3,753.24
174,485.60
405, 100. 88
1,864,169.12
260,900.74
Total, Pacific division.
15,643,835.58
General^
Lighting and buoying the canal —
Construction work
Plant
Permanent buildings —
Construction work
Plant
Electric transmission line —
Construction work
Plant
Permanent oil pipe line, construction.
Total, general
General items:
Hotels, messes, and kitchens, operations
Hotel equipment
Hotels, incidental expenses
Hotel Tivoli
Hotels, messes, and kitchens, alterations and improvements
Lands pui'chased —
For construction work or to be flooded
For other purposes
Joint land commission
Cristobal terminals —
Docks and wharves
Dredging
Balboa terminals, docks and wharves
Panama R. R. sacond main track
Relocation of Panama R. R.—
Construction work
Maintenance
Plant
Purchase, improvement, and repair of steamers —
Panama
Colon
Cristobal
Ancon
Construction of buildings, department of construction and engineer-
ing
Alteration and repair of buildings, department of construction and
engineering
Purchase from New Panama Canal Co
Payment to Republic of Panama
Loans to Panama li. R. Co
Purchase of Panama R. R. stock
Construction of waterworks and sewers-
Panama
Colon
Zone waterworks and sewers —
Construction —
Zone proper
Panama system
Colon system
Ancon filtration plant
Permanent supply
Maintenance
Paving Panama
Paving Colon
Zone roadways —
Construction work
Repairs and maintenance
Miscellaneous grading and other municipal work
Moving and care of French material and equipment
Plant in Panama R. R. service
Permanent plant
Total, general items.
244,490.27
2,649.12
63, 889. 29
5,273.19
14,015.63
1,382.90
32,054.69
363, 755. 09
'29,277.08
27,741.55
20,642.87
1 76,256.55
38, 845. 77
111,143.57
26, 380. .50
22, 456. 00
123,810.73
"I'S," 765.31
126,327.29
73,124.94
198,220.99
27,985.62
127,071.71
1 159. 87
1 1,920.28
25,999.96
1,153.43
230, 742. 12
12,641.75
287,667.14
1 1,&55.90
89,991.35
1,599.01
64, 609. 06
1 19,543.01
3,808.00
1,063.322.52
47, 355, 130. 53
370,485.08
26,882.85
63, 889. 29
5,273.19
14,015.63
1,382.90
32,054.69
513.983.63
1 99,622.25
46, 789. 05
39,806.97
1 156,3.33.96
114,3.55.98
441,. 387. 30
153,418.85
22, 456. 00
238.671.60
84, 773. 74
167, 102. 82
1,123,477.93
8,656,061.20
117,537.00
211,106.28
655,942.48
579,812.22
716,085.43
728,271.88
9,619,984.96
668,201.41
40, 000, 0(X). 00
10, 000, 000. 00
3,247,332.11
157,118.24
681,057.91
612,313.36
3,.301,108. 74
490,073.45
520, 064. 88
19,816.33
12,641.75
1,241, .507. 26
577,718.28
524,591.38
1,413,103.58
207,376.46
4, 142. 62
2,833.23
687,519.47
37,297.76
87,866,903.70
1 Credit.
DEPARTMENT OF EXAMINATION OF ACCOUNTS.
429
Table 5 —Detailed statement of classified expenditures for the fiscal year ending June
SO, 1913, and total from the beginning of the work to date— Lontmuea.
Fortifications:
Atlantic—
Seacoast batteries, emplacement.
Submarine mines structures
Plant
Total, Atlantic fortifications.
Seacoast batteries, emplacement .
Submarine mines structures
Causeway
Plant
Total fiscal
year 1913.
$757,400.86
6,682.74
145,509.85
718,573.75
Total, Pacific fortifications.
Land defenses and barracks—
Surveys
Field fortifications and camps
Total, land defenses and barracks
Guns and ammunition, armaments to fortifications.
Total, fortifications
Grand total
736,865.59
3,971.88
44,563.78
1 15,989.59
Total to Juno
30, 1913.
$999,455.14
6,682.74
7,328.44
1,013,466.32
769,411.66
28,691.43
13,099.52
41,790.95
371,699.50
1,901,475.86
1,041,613.01
3,971.88
44,563.78
39,505.37
1,129,654.04
28,691.43
13,099.52
38,119,694.50
3,114,357.52
298,985,812.90
1 Credit.
Exvenditure accounts which are prorated monthly to the construction divisions and depart-
ments of sanitation and civil administration as overhead charges, for the fiscal year end-
ing June 30, 1913.
General administrative expenses * ' ' '
Miscellaneous general expenses: ^j^^^ jg^ 25
On the Isthmus 2i' i^i 39
Canal Record - - - - -. 40' 005' qr
Isthmian Canal Commission clubhouses, operation 8 765 99
Isthmian Canal Commission band „„' „„^- „,
In the United States au,5^D. /i
Disbursing officers: 36,848.56
In \\ ashmgton 75 578.18
On the Isthmus '
Examiner of accounts: j2 914 74
In Washington ;;;;;; 194:881:64
On the Isthmus
Transportation on the Isthmus: ^^g ggg yj
Passenger 492:o0o!o0
Freight. 106,907.17
Teleijraph and telephones - ar7 iOh m
Purchasing expenses hi the United States ^°' ' ^"^- °"
Inspection expenses m the United States: ^g ggg g^^
Lock gates.... 76!216!l8
Operalmg machmery 31 927 79
Emergency dams 9' 633 49
Spillway gates and machinery „' ^'^g- yg
Balboa shops buildings , ' ^', g' gg
Electric transmission Ifne ' ' -"go
.\dministration liuilding and permanent quarters 23L 88
I>rv docks 186 660" 34
Compensation to injured employees 503' 358' 21
Operation of stores y-' yyy' ^g
Recruitmg V"^^"^"""/////^.V..V..V..V...'. 448!603!69
Construction of buiidingV,\lnpar'tment of construction and engmeering 3, 887. 93
Alteration and repah of Imilduigs, department of construction and engmeering u, uso. oa
Operation of docks and wharves: .g ,gg 5,
By the Panama Raihoad - .' „-,„• ^~
By the Isthmian Canal Commission ^^' '°
_ , , 3,170,458.05
Total ' '
430
EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
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434
EEPORT ISTHMIAN" CANAL COMMISSION.
DEPARTMENT OF EXAMINATION OF ACCOUNTS.
435
Table d.— Detailed statement of amounts returnable to appropr-Mtions collected during
the fiscal year ending June SO, 1913.
Nature of collections.
From employ-
ees (act of Mar.
4, 1907).
Sale of property
Panama water rents
Colon water rents
Zone water rents
Rentals, miscellaneous
Labor furnished Panama
R. R.Co
Other labor furnished
Sale of hotel books
Hotel and boarding-camp
receipts
Hospitalreceipts
Laundry receipts
Quarantine receipts
Corral receipts
Telegraph and telephone
receipts
Transportation
Electric-light receipts
Sales of scrap
Duties on scrap ■
Miscellaneous
Overpayments and correc-
tions
Adjustment of cement rates.
Overcharge construction re-
location Panama R. R
Total ^l, 346, 382. 67
$18,884.78
2, 436. 46
5, 152. 48
1,165,804.96
127,068.09
10,791.53
523.53
14,101.55
935.28
186.23
497.78
From outside
parties i (act of
Aug. 24, 1912).
$2,409,900.26
125,001.66
88,457.79
41,864.83
647,681.96
141,678.74
301, 118. 20
62,856.72
78,603.02
6,057.30
20,950.12
58,862.47
651.96
362. 92
52,254.09
112,923.85
1,720.68
1,125.39
From other
dej)artments
of^the Gov-
ernment.
$31,643.05
5,743.31
49,025.70
1,109.34
39.48
8, 130. 98
25.45
40.00
5,861.17
28,672.46
4,180,744.42
683.54
44.64
From over-
payments
and "miscella-
neous items.
$12,940.21
Total.
102, 406. 66
5, 128. 18
10,021.55
147,009.35
175, 099. 29
$2,473,308.30
125,001.66
88, 457. 79
5,743.31
41,864.83
647,681.96
193,140.90
306, 270. 68
1,228,661.68
206,840.45
16,888.31
21,473.65
81,095.00
1,612.69
589. 15
58,613.04
112,923.85
1,720.68
1,808.93
5,172.82
38,694.01
147,009.35
5,804,633.04
1 Detailed statement of collections as required by section 3, act of Aug. 24, 1912.
2 This amount is made up of both cash collections and pay-roll deductions from employees.
Table 10.— Detailed statement of collections repaid to appropriations during the fiscal
year ending June SO, 1913, and balance of fiscal year collections returnable to appropria-
tions but not repaid during the year.
Nature of collections.
From em
ploy ees (act
of Mar. 4,
1907).
From out-
side parties
(act of Aug.
24, 1912).
From
other de-
part-
ments of
the Gov-
ernment.
From
overpay-
ments
and mis-
cellane-
ous items.
Total re-
payments.
Balance of
collections
fiscal year
1913 return-
able but not
repaid.
Sale of property
Panama water rents
Colon water rents
Zone water rents
Rentals, miscellaneous
Labor furnishedPanamaR.R. Co,
Other labor furnished
Sale of hotel books
Hotel and boarding-camp receipts
Hospital receipts
Laundry receipts
Quarantine receipts
Corral receipts
Telegraph and telephone receipts.
Transportation
Electric-light receipts
Sales of scrap
Duties on scrap
Miscellaneous
Overpayments and corrections. .
Adjustment of cement rates
Overcharge construction reloca-
tion Panama R. R
$2,
127. 12
245.96
457. 79
$31,643.05
$12,940.21
2, 436. 46
5, 152. 48
1,165,804.
127,068.09
10,791.53
523.53
14,101.55
935.28
186.23
497.78
43,
659,
141,
284,
67,
73,
6,
20,
63,
558. 08
983.44
425.10
623.30
681.34
027. 55
119.64
812.97
866. 02
655. 81
488. 76
686.31
249. 85
720.68
138. 19
5,743.31
49,025.70
1,169.34
39.48
8,130.98
25 45
40.00
5,861.17
683.54
44.64
28,672.46
5,128.18
10,021.55
147,009.35
$2,410
125,
88,
5,
43,
659,
192,
289,
1,233,
201,
16,
21,
86,
1,
57,
66,
1,
1,
5,
38,
Total 1,346,382.67 4,071,540.37 102,406.66175,099.29 5,695,428.99 1303,145.11
,595.
245.
457.
743.
558.
983.
887.
775.
486.
264.
950.
336.
098.
616.
714.
045.
249.
720.
821.
172.
694.
147,009.35
$163,924.24
2,209.25
25,078.94
11,428.89
32, 859. 60
5,009.62
7,610.52
584.50
2, 154. 82
2, 767. 19
322.92
2,520.62
46,674.00
1 See Table 2.
436
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
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EEPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table 15. — Statement of commissary andhotel coupon boohs and meal ticiets issued during
fiscal year ending June 30, 1913.
Commissary coupon books.
$2.50 books.
Number. Value
$5 books.
Number. Value.
$15 books.
Number. Value
1912— July
August
September
October. . .
November,
December.
1913— January...
February.
March.
April
May
June
Total....
12,079
12, 456
12, 662
13, 000
12, 6S5
12, 92.3
12, 579
12, 352
12,996
13, 812
13,918
14,303
$30, 197. 50
31,140.00
31,655.00
32, 500. 00
31,712.50
32, 307. 50
31,447.50
30, 880. 00
32, 490. 00
34, 530. 00
34, 795. 00
35, 757. 50
29, 128
30, 200
30, 353
30,916
30, 745
35, 121
30, 425
30, 297
32, 693
32, 784
34, 405
34, 453
$145,640.00
151,300.00
151, 705. 00
154, 5N0. 00
153, 725. 00
175, (;05. 00
152, 125. 00
151,485.00
163, 465. 00
163, 920. 00
172, 325. 00
172, 265. 00
5,583
5,577
5,313
4,936
4,978
5,816
4,926
4,733
4,909
4,990
4,903
4,784
$83, 745. 00
83, 655. 00
79, 695. 00
74, 040. 00
74,670.00
87, 240. 00
73, 890. 00
70, 995. 00
73, 635. 00
74,850.00
73,545.00
71, 760. 00
155, 765
389,412.50
381,640
1,908,200.00
61,448
921, 720. 00
Hotel coupon books.
$4.80 books.
Num-
ber.
Value.
$15 books.
Num-
ber.
Value.
Meal tickets.
27-cent tickets. 40-cent tickets
Num-
ber.
Value.
Num-
ber.
Value.
1912— July
August
September.
October
November.
December..
1913 — January
February. .
March
April
June.
400
1,425
1,100
470
1,585
475
445
620
430
300
465
545
$1, 920. 00
6, 840. 00
5, 280. 00
2,256.00
7, 608. 00
2, 280. 00
2, 136. 00
2, 976. 00
2,064.00
1, 440. 00
2,232.00
2, 616. 00
2,700
5,795
3,420
3,280
4,910
8, 390
3,405
2,170
2,944
3,815
9,406
2, 295
$40, 500. 00
86, 925. 00
51,300.00
49, 200. 00
73,650.00
125, 850. 00
51,075.00
32, 550. 00
44, 160. 00
57,225.00
141,090.00
34, 425. 00
39, 800
25, 400
35,000
27,000
64,200
30, 200
23, 500
23, 900
22, SOO
36, 300
58, 0(X)
20,000
Total 8,260 39,648.00 52,530
787,950.00 406,100
$10, 746. 00
6, 858. 00
9, 450. 00
7, 290. 00
17,334.00
8, 154. 00
6, 345. 00
6, 453. 00
6, 156. 00
9,801.00
15, 660. 00
5,400.00
109,647.00
92,900
60,800
92, 600
62,700
105, 300
70, 100
79,500
63,500
51,900
66, 400
127,500
47,200
920, 400
S37,160.00
24,320.00
37,040.00
25, 080. 00
42, 120. 00
28, 040. 00
31,800.00
25, 400. 00
20, 760. 00
26, 560. 00
51,000.00
18,880.00
368,160.00
Note. — The above figures represent the total of commissary coupon books issued to Isthmian Canal
Commission employees, collection for which has been made on the pay rolis.
Totals of hotel coupon books and meal tickets represent all the books and tickets distributed on the
Isthmus for issue to the employees of the commission, Panama R. R. Co., and contractors.
DEPARTMENT OF EXAMIN"ATION OF ACCOUNTS.
441
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442
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table 17. — Statement of amounts paid, under act of May 30, 190S, to employees as com-
pensation and on account of death of employees injured in course of employment, July
1, 1912, to June SO, 1913; and amounts paid, under act of Feb. 24, 1909, for injuries
lasting 15 days or less.
Department or
division.
July.
August.
Septem-
ber.
October.
Novem-
ber.
Decem-
ber.
January.
Febru-
ary.
Atlantic:
Tnjnrip,'5 . .
$1,977.21
522.66
3,345.85
188.18
2,849.27
911.20
1,312.44
250.32
378.83
68.25
$2,750.66
452.67
4,346.36
419.45
3,384.32
771.57
2, 982. 24
250.32
155.81
60.76
39.80
$1,894.31
433.06
3,320.22
461.32
4, 038. 34
596.41
1,563.54
220.00
495. 47
53.99
34.04
$2,291.84
1,286.93
3,297.06
782. 94
4,400.16
239.93
1,229.04
99.36
452.60
69.08
26.50
$2, 196. 75
750.84
3,056.39
262.46
3,744.34
314.54
1,819.53
211.12
237.90
44.55
29.67
$1,930.65
672. 70
3,262.01
175. 70
3, 238. 29
729.73
836.70
95.68
267.62
56.24
16.50
$2,687.69
400.52
3,490.86
121.05
$1,790.95
Deaths
1, 144. 12
Central:
Injuries
3,091.56
Deaths
537.51
Pacific:
Mechanical:
Injuries
1,402.15
204.64
602.11
1,566.77
■■ Deaths
88.32
Quartermaster:
Injuries
222.79
34.39
Sanitary:
12.80
40.00
Deaths
Civil administration:
Injuries
286.44
211.38
207.06
316.25
179.24
40.00
40.00
134.17
Deaths
Subsistence:
12.25
36.51
7.08
10.63
8.50
Deaths. .
Disbursing:
Injuries
215.83
175.00
99.17
163.33
175.00
87.50
175.00
175.00
rortifleations:
252. 75
145.32
864.89
156. 96
1,021.77
761.20
28.31
464.80
502. 34
206.15
593.47
184.47
27.59
825.65
932. 19
90.75
1, 703. 99
69.16
929.93
493.57
Deaths
258.76
First division:
Injuries
437.98
461.37
988.51
Deaths
264.40
Second division:
71.50
234.40
Fourth division:
12.91
Deaths
Fifth division:
3,815.84
871. 13
837.99
2,491.95
Deaths
461.55
Sixth division:
350.42
Examiner of accounts:
Total
13,009.46
16,607.03
15,460.55
15,945.84
14,402.87
12,457.66
18,396.30
14,382.05
DEPARTMENT OF EXAMINATION OF ACCOUNTS.
443
Table 17. — Statement of amounts paid, under act of May 30, 1908, to employees as com-
pensation and on account of death of employees injured in course of employment, July
1, 1912, to June SO, 1913; and amounts paid, under act of Feb. 24, 1909, for injuries
lasting 15 days or less — Continued.
Department or division.
March.
April.
May.
June.
Total in-
jury and
death pay-
ments.
Total
und6r act
Feb. 2A,
1909.
Grand
total.
Atlantic:
Injuries .. ...
$2,657.70
176.88
2,932.60
143.69
$2,008.35
537.20
2,445.90
186.85
$1,700.35
99.51
2, 882. 77
239.26
$1,682.39
485.04
2,791.11
607.47
$25,568.85
6,962.13
38,262.69
4,125.88
21,654.72
3, 563. 38
17,858.57
2,958.32
3,932.38
387.26
655.41
$6,984.08
$39,515.06
Central:
Injuries
10,039.76
Deaths
52,428.33
Pacific:
Injuries .
6,678.29
Deaths
31,896.39
Mechanical:
Injiu-ies
1,299.88
410. 64
297.63
1,033.72
588.15
275.84
1,228.67
263.83
360.61
1,583.89
275.94
185.17
12,369.39
Deaths
33, 186. 28
Quartermaster:
Injuries
1,030.73
Deaths
5, 350. 37
Sanitary:
Injuries
31.00
242.50
168.00
14.60
204.86
Deaths
860.27
Civil administration:
Injuries
105.50
54.33
42.00
3.00
1,619.37
214.69
Deaths
1,834.06
Subsistence:
Injuries
26.67
12.50
6.88
121.02
86.45
207.47
Disbursing officer:
350.00
175.00
175.00
1,965.83
Deaths
1, 965. 83
Fortifications:
Injuries
503.91
93.56
842. 13
43.44
326.43
264.55
93.29
582. 46
46.56
429.36
374.25
190.29
1, 207. 30
47.84
315.21
231.92
29.25
814.58
166.96
1,045.63
5,511.36
1,174.91
9,944.01
638. 36
3,352.46
1,750.21
8,436.48
First division:
Injuries
4, 792. 11
Deaths
15,374.48
Second division:
Injuries
3, 352. 46
Fourth division:
115.00
127.91
Deaths
127. 91
Fifth division:
Injuries
2,746.03
678. 43
828.26
2, 241. 68
305.45
737.14
2,529.31
1,485.80
813.52
2,450.13
179.42
526.94
16,274.94
3,981.78
4,094.27
3,961.08
24,217.80
Sixth division:
1,113.83
Deaths
5,208.10
Examiner of accounts:
Injuries
Deaths
110.43
■ 110. 43
14,117.71
12,450.00
14,251.02
13,255.32
174, 735. 91
49,335.91
224 071 72
444
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Total payments, made by fiscal years, to date.
Injuries.
Deaths.
Under act
of Feb. 24,
1909.
Total.
From Aug. 1, 1908, to June SO, 1909.
From July 1, 1909, to June 30, 1910.
From July 1, 1910, to June 30, 1911.
From July 1, 1911, to June 30, 1912.
From July 1, 1912, to June 30, 1913.
Payments made under special acts of Congress.
Total
$32,355.71
96,810.33
168,416.23
166,620.21
150,943.79
S3, 682. 79
21,053.22
35,248.39
37,534.68
23, 792. 02
S8, 225. 16
16,010.30
49,957.80
53,838.25
49,335.91
615,146.27
121,311.10
179.367.42
§44,263.66
133,873.85
253,622.42
259,993.14
224,071.72
915,824.79
29,707.38
945,532.17
Table 18. — Number of fatal and nonfatal accidents re ported from each specified cause, for
the fiscal years 1908-9, 1909-10, 1910-11, and 1911-12.
1908-9
1909-10
1910-11
1911
-12
Cause of injury.
Non-
fatal.
Fatal.
Non-
fatal.
Fatal.
Non-
fatal.
Fatal.
Non-
fatal.
Fatal.
Motors
9
27
106
7
61
43
159
31
3
531
91
56
280
15
248
15
38
16
230
55
87
1
i'
i"
44
1
1
10
2
1
5
1
41
8'
2
1
4
44
91
9
140
4
51
96
21
535
188
167
542
14
332
14
32
383
251
102
206
7
1
1
1
9'
4'
1
5
7
5
1
38'
9'
3'
7
52
193
18
266
53
35
144
25
738
327
132
1,214
57
488
9
58
667
465
225
192
11
1
1
Power-transmission apparatus
Working machinery using power
Working machinery not using power.
5'
1
9
6"
15
10
42'
s"
2
1
4'
1
91
11
111
7
66
43
11
271
114
146
371
8
292
4
38
66
153
44
101
1
5
Steam bouers, piping, explosions, etc.
E.xplosions of djTiamite, powder, etc. .
Inflammable, poisonous, hot, corro-
sive materials, gases, vapors, etc
Electric current
ii
I
4
Collapse, faU, etc., of materials, etc
Falls from ladders, stairs, scaffolding.
7
5
Falls on even surface
Loading and unloading, lifting, carry-
2
Vehicles (run over by wagons, carts,
etc.)
Railway operation (run over, etc.)...
Animals (kicks, bites, etc.) and riding.
Shipping and water transportation. . .
Flying bodies, splinters, etc
37
1
6
Hand tools and simple instruments. . .
Stepping on nails and similar sharp
1
Other causes
5
Total
2,107
119
3,233
85
5,376
105
1,949
86
Note.— In fiscal year ending June 30, 1912, there were 5,141 cases of accidents resultmg in incapacity
lasting less than 15 days and paid for as meritorious sick leave.
DEPARTMENT OF EXAMINAO^ON OF ACCOUNTS.
445
Table 19. — Number of compensated cases of nonfatal injuries for the fiscal years 1908-9,
1909-10, 1910-11, and 1911-12.
Nature of injury.
1908-9
1910-11
1911-12
Upper extremities:
Loss of either arm, not specified
Loss of right arm
Fracture of arm or forearm
Other injuries to either arm or forearm
Loss of hand, not specified
Loss of right hand
Fracture of bones of hand
Other injuries to hand
Loss of 1 finger, right hand
Loss of 1 finger, left hand
Loss of more than 1 finger, right hand
Loss of more than 1 finger, left hand
Either hand, not specified
Fractme of fingers
All other injuries to fingers
All other injinies to upper extremities
Lower extremities:
Loss of either leg
Loss of both legs
Fracture of either thigh
Fracture of either leg
Fracture of both thighs or legs
Other injuries to thigh or legs
Loss of foot
Fracture of bones of foot
Other injuries to foot
Loss of toe or toes
AU other injuries to lower extremities
Combined injuries to upper and lower extremities:
Including loss of any part
Including fractures
AU other injuries to the extremities
Trunk:
Fracture of ribs
Other chest Injuries
Injuries to back
Hernia
Other abdominal injuries
All other injuries to trunk
Eyes:
Loss of either eye
Other injuries to either eye
Loss of both eyes
Other injuries to both eyes
Head:
Fracture of skuU
Fracture of other bones
Concussion of brain, without fracture
AU other injuries to head
Neck:
AU injuries
MisceUaneous:
Internal injuries
Poisoning
AU other (including multiple injuries)
Not reported
Total.
41
1
717
121
2
68
123
11
16
1
1
81
154
1
12
3
5
58
140
3
69
173
9
12
10
14
103
5
32
4
1
27
74
1
4
13
105
89
100
8
12
1
34
232
2
7
5
1
76
4
235
1
44
305
3
4
2
1
4
27
169
5
77
1,105
1,253
1,949
446
EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table 20. — Revenues collected, Canal Zone funds, from July 1, 1912, to June SO, 191S.
[This statement includes balances in hands "of collecting officers but does not include money orders, Isth-
mian Canal Commission clubnouses, nor trust funds.)
On account of—
Administrative districts.
Ancon.
Empire.
Gorgona.
Cristobal.
Total.
Animal license...
$22.50
638. 40
141.75
3,617.75
595.05
$231.30
3,078.00
141.75
3,666.50
595. 05
202.00
1,069.50
3,110.35
39. .33
33.34
11,138.37
40.00
3, 174. 50
2.50
$52.50
148. 40
61.75
417.00
74.50
$147.00
1,512.40
141. 75
$453.30
Aerated waters
5,377.20
Bicycle license
487.00
Building rental
7,701.25
Burial permits
595.05
1,859.65
Cabs and coaches
202.00
Carts
426.00
3,110.35
39.34
33.33
7,252.52
20.50
305. 99
4.00
794.50
3, 110. .33
39. 33
33.33
7, 266. 04
20.00
2,310.50
Circuit -court collections
9,637.02
Chauffeur's license
122.00
Corporation tax
100.00
District-court collections
566.34
26, 223. 27
Dance halls
60.00
Distilling license
3,331.70
2.50
2,624.35
9, 130. 55
Escheated estates
2.50
140.75
49.60
502.08
389. 31
10,862.57
69.90
257.40
502.67
1,681.10
634. 28
50.00
2,310.00
30. 83
489.40
129.20
109. 94
47.41
403.60
4,800.00
1,693.60
1,801.98
177. 13
11.00
68.22
287. 66
7.00
1,294.50
902.06
14,282.64
7.50
Gathering coconuts
140. 75
Hucksters
49.60
Himting permits
502.08
389.29
10, 862. 57
413. 38
414.20
502.65
756. 60
324.05
50.00
1,524.00
30.83
27.00
92.40
83.12
47.41
241.20
502.09
389. 28
10,862.58
3,221.42
3,057.10
502.67
4,029.71
590.05
50.00
4, 227. 50
30.84
784.40
80.80
122. 01
47.43
552.40
16,600.00
3, %6. 80
2,076.12
177. 14
6.00
127.37
287.66
14.42
8,357.50
902. 07
17, 960. 95
128.75
12.50
60.05
27.25
100.40
120.88
178. 90
85.40
1,635.00
Insurance tax
1,180.38
Interest
32, 647. 77
Land rental
3,731.95
Market rental
3,829.10
Motor-vehicle license
1,628.87
Merchandise and drugs
6,646.31
Marshal fees
1,633.78
Navigator license
150.00
Peddling . . .
167. 50
2.50
2.50
8,229.00
95.00
Physician's license
Public entertainment
1,303.30
Poll tax
302.40
Pound fees
15.50
1.75
29.80
330. 57
Police fines
144.00
Restaurants
1,227.00
21,400.00
Retail sale tobacco
676. 40
3, 147. 70
177. 13
206.40
189.60
6,543.20
Real estate tax
7, 215. 40
Sale of property
531.40
Sale impounded animals. . .
17.00
Sale imported meats
7.67
287. 65
26.34
87.50
902. 0(i
2,038.80
13. 13
9.25
216. 39
School tuition, lost or damaged books
Service district prisoners
872.22
47.76
Slaughter tax
75.50
32.36
11.50
9,815.00
Steamboat inspection
2, 738. 55
34, 293. 89
Total
42,823.22
106,048.80
15,746.75
57,648.06
212, 266. 83
Stamp sales
100,451.79
Stamp-book sales
466.20
Sale of mail matter
52.20
Money-order fees
23,347.12
Exchange Martinique money-order busi-
19.19
336,603.33
1 Consolidated with Empire district Sept. 1, 1912.
DEPARTMENT OF EXAMINATION OF ACCOUNTS.
447
Table 21. — Expenditures, Canal Zone funds, July 1, 1912, to June 30, 1913.
[This statement includes all outstanding audited claims, but does not include expenditures of money
orders, Isthmian Canal Commission clubhouses, nor trust funds.]
On account of—
PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS.
Roads and trails:
Construction
Maintenance
Market houses:
Construction
Maintenance
Operation
Slaughterhouses:
Constniction ,
Maintenance
Operation
Waterworks and sewers:
Construction
Maintenance
Sanitation native villages, maintenance
Street lighting
Miscellaneous public works, maintenance.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Schoolhouses:
Construction
Maintenance
Salaries- -superintendent, teachers, and
clerks
Janitor service
Furniture and equipment
Supplies
Traveling and miscellaneous expenses
MAINTENANCE ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS.
Salaries district judges
SuppUes and miscellaneous
Zone charity cases, maiatenance.
District prisoners, maintenance. .
Total.
CONTINGENT EXPENSES.
Gratuity penitentiary prisoners
Miscellaneous postal "service
Purchase of stamps
Transportation of mails:
Istlimus
Ocean ,
Miscellaneous expenses
Transfer to Isthmian Canal Commission
as reimbursement in part for salaries paid.
Total.
Administrative districts.
Ahcon. Empire. Gorgona. Cristobal
$5, 059. 84
23,859.78
8.67
580. 17
91.47
530. 41
13.93
3.82
5,500.00
16.73
1,626.01
594. 46
21,206.45
982. 91
466. 88
2, 268. 71
3,617.23
4, 387. 09
742. 53
1,090.30
3, 894. 98
76, 542. 37
J32, 724. 47
14, 780. 05
98.84
539. 23
765. 41
54.71
484.56
1,042.49
1,811.60
7,000.00
891. 07
281.95
529. 29
21,206.47
2,204.72
636. 17
2,037.94
3, 643. 29
4,387.09
574. 78
1,080.50
4, 042. 76
100,817.39
2.19
62.18
1,812.36
18.00
1.71
607.08
1 2, 563. 52
2,673.59
19.15
495. 17
483. 09
475. 30
724.44
5, 50o! 00
286. 86
22.35
227. 70
1,144.21
21,206.47
1,359.15
491. 82
1,863.10
3, 192. 22
4, 387. 09
560. 49
1,074.00
1,891.31
52, 038. 49
Total.
$41,745.29
41,313.42
98.84
567. 05
1,902.94
91.47
54.71
1,560.24
1,531.72
2, 539. 86
18,000.00
1,194.66
304. 30
1,853.71
2,267.96
65, 431. 75
4,564.78
1,594.87
6, 169. 75
10,454.45
13, 768. 35
1,877.80
3,244.80
9, 829. 05
231,961.77
750.00
586. 37
34,363.11
13, 990. 00
27,859.11
10,357.68
55,000.00
374,868.04
1 Consolidated with Empire district Sept. 1, 1912.
Table 22. — Statement of balances in Treasury, hy appropriations, June 30, 1913.
Public improvements and schools $216, 676. 46
Miscellaneous and contingent 7, 396. 87
Postal receipts, 1913 13, 260. 42
Money-order funds 1, 181, 949. 40
Isthmian Canal Commission clubhouse funds 25,514. 56
Trust funds 9, 059. 60
Postal savings funds 634, 958. 00
Invalidated money orders 14, 154. 01
Total 2,103,269.32
448
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452 KEPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table 25. — Statevient of receipts and disbursements, Canal Zone funds, Marj 1. 1904, to
June 30, 1913.
RECEIPTS.
Revenues collected $1, 665, 071. 13
Postal receipts 741, 178. 24
Total collections $2, 406, 249. 37
DISBURSEMENTS.
Expenditures:
Public improvements $71 5, 21 5. 32
Public schools 562, 036. 49
Maintenance administrative districts 184, 274. 39
Miscellaneous and contingent 19, 722. 21
Postal service 685, 343. 89
Total disbursements 2, 166, 592. 30
Available for expenditure 239, 657. 07
TREASURY BALANCE, JUNE 30, 1913.
Public improvements and schools $216, 676. 46
Miscellaneous and contingent 7, 396. 87
Postal receipts, 1913 13, 260. 42
237, 333. 75
Collecting officers' balance 2, 226. 57
Postmasters' balance 120. 00
239,680.32
Audited claims unpaid 23. 25
Balance available 239, 657. 07
SEPARATE STATEMENT COVERING POSTAL SERVICE.
Receipts:
Stamp sales $596, 847. 04
Stamp-book sales 666. 07
Sale of mail matter 52. 20
Money-order fees 143, 593. 74
Exchange Martinique money-order business 19. 19
741, 178. 24
Disbursements:
Balance of funds prior to Mar. 4, 1907, consolidated
with regular Zone revenues 42, 453. 93
Purchase of stamps 240, 930. 13
Miscellaneous expenditures 225, 900. 55
Transfer to Isthmian Canal Commission as reimburse-
ment in part for salaries paid 218, 531. 21
727,815.82
Available for expenditure 13, 362. 42
Treasury balance $13, 260. 42
Postmasters' balance 120. 00
13, 362. 42
DEPARTMENT OP EXAMINATION OP ACCOUNTS.
453
POSTAL SERVICE.
Table 26. — Statement showing total value of money orders issued, money orders paid,
money orders outstanding, and balance of money-order funds , June 30, 1913.
Year ending
Money orders
issued.
Money orders paid by-
June 30—
United States.
Canal Zone.
Martinique.
Costa Rica.
Total.
1907
$2,369,031.49
4,686,1)84.98
5,166,749.46
5,228,553.60
5,304,906.60
4,915,077.26
4,883,624.13
$1,581,251.91
2,875,719.61
3,383,419.57
4,068,650.16
3,725,996.12
3,521,511.95
4,286,948.31
$208,165.48
1,017,750.97
1,492,144.76
1,331,568.20
1,337,915.09
1,280, .397. 88
881,728.73
$1,789,417.39
3, 893, 470. 58
190S
1909
5,075,564.33
1910
$2,267.60
6,022.08
8, 176. 95
9, 646. 65
5,402,485.96
1911
5,069,933.29
1912
81,062.40
3,046.10
4,811,149.18
1913
5,181,369.79
Total
32,654,627.52
23,643,497.63
7,549,671.11
26,113.28
4,108.50
31,223,390.52
SUMMARY.
Total money orders issued $32, 554, 627. 52
Total money orders paid 31, 223, 390. 52
Total outstanding 1, 331, 237. 00
MONEY-OKDER FtlNDS.
Cash in hand. Canal Zone treasurer 1,181,949.40
Cash in hands of postmasters 27, 858. 74
Cash in hands of Canal Zone treasurer, account of invalidated orders 14, 154. 01
Due from Costa Rica postal department 19. 00
Due from United States Postal Department 109, 738. 39
Due Martinique postal department 2, 482. 54
Unpaid money orders outstanding 1, 331, 237. 00
,333,719.54
,333,719.54
Table 27.-
-Statement of money -order business and stamp sales fiscal year ended June 30,
1913.
Post ofRces.
Amount,
issued.
Money orders paid at Canal Zone post
offices.
Postal receipts.
United
States.
Canal
Zone.
Marti-
nique.
Costa
Rica.
Money-
order fees.
Stamp
sales.
Ancon
$639,267.13
238, 855. 30
f)5,o06.42
318,065.75
895,739.57
284,31.3.23
418,047.38
610, 109. 64
429,917.09
171,475.34
35,674.90
121,351.71
218, 488. 93
338,823.99
58,878.16
39, 109. 49
$14,646.06
4,368.43
2,928.14
4, 160. 67
20,057.60
4, 727. 32
9,041.84
7,477.41
6,823.59
7,567.93
126.83
774. 09
2,435.74
2,978.81
1,172.49
161.00
$98, 890. 04
27,587.30
17,155.52
62,029:92
179,059.61
37, 792. 39
73,824.16
130, 830. 06
57,299.70
23,331.26
7,406.52
35,684.59
45,021.04
60,762.31
12, 736. 53
7,567.43
$513. 64
$143. 45
$3,246.&5
1,096.62
337. 54
1,342.11
4, 194. 63
1,473.01
2, 104. 71
2,9()5.51
1,915.89
840.66
232. 02
569.51
1,041.95
1,538.24
259.53
188. 34
m8,644.01
\ 1 295. 66
4,024.50
1 805 00
Balboa
Bas Obispo
Corozal
3 785 00
Cristobal
28.15
30.50
/ 22,5.39.00
\ 2 23. 18
6,563.00
9,225.00
12, 266. 00
5 ISO 00
Culebra
Empire
5.05
18.00
Gatun
Gorgona
Las Cascadas
3,971.00
1 101 34
Mataehin
Miraflores
9.90
2 115 00
Paraiso
3, 660. 00
4,045.55
681 00
Pedro Miguel
Station A
Stations
48.54
543 75
District quartermaster,
Mount Hope
255.00
Monte Lirio
195 00
Invalidated
4,750.35
2 19. 19
Total
4,883,624.13
89,447.95
881,728.73
605.28
191.95
23,366.31
100 917 99
I Newspaper postage.
2 Exchange on draft to Martinique.
454
REPORT ISTHMIAN" CANAL COMMISSION.
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DEPARTMENT OF EXAMINATION OF ACCOUNTS.
455
Table 29. — Statement of money-ordo' business, postal savings, and stamp sales fiscal
year ended June SO, 1913.
Post oflQce.
Postal receipts.
Money-
order fees.
Stamp
sales.
Postal savings bank transactioiLs.
Balance on
hand July
1, 1912.
Deposits.
Withdrawals
Balance.
Ancon
Balboa
Bas Obispo.
Corozal
Cristobal
Culebra
Empire
Gatun
Gorgona
Las Cascadas
Matachin
Miraflores
Paraiso
Pedro Miguel
Station A
Station B
Monte Lirio
District quartermaster,
Mount Hope
$3,246.85
1,096.62
337. 54
1,342.11
4,194.63
1,473.01
2, 104. 71
2,965.51
1,915.89
840. 66
232.02
569. 51
1,041.95
1,538.24
259.53
188. 34
f$18,644.01
{ 1 295. 66
4,024.50
1,805.00
3,785.00
f 22,539.00
[ 123.18
6,563.00
9, 225. 00
12, 266. 00
5,180.00
3,971.00
1,101.34
2,115.00
3,660.00
4,045.55
681.00
543. 75
195.00
255.00
.$17,520.00
27,295.00
1,775.00
29,544.00
> 25,230.00
27,275.00
30,942.00
33,119.00
56, 254. 00
24, 430. 00
2,418.00
16, 753. 00
11,660.00
47,977.00
2,241.00
2,514.00
Total 23,347.12 100,917.99 356,947.00
$114,789.00
115,519.00
19,664.00
200,064.00
129,842.00
118,031.00
83,300.00
180,917.00
190, 748. 00
97,947.00
11,454.00
66, 432. 00
94,993.00
154,230.00
8,865.00
14,821.00
$88,098.00
97,021.00
11,621.00
154,719.00
118,310.00
97,673.00
69,090.00
152, 476. 00
174,463.00
76, 773. 00
6,781.00
48,207.00
67,393.00
131,458.00
8,335.00
10,455.00
1,601,616.00
1,312,873.00
$44,211.00
45,793.00
9,818.00
74, 889. 00
36, 762. 00
47,633.00
45, 152. 00
61,560.00
72,539.00
45,604.00
7,091.00
34,978.00
39, 260. 00
70,749.00
2,771.00
6,880.00
645,690.00
1 Second-class postage.
t Ancon postal cards redeemed, $6.39.
456
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table 30.^— Detailed statement of classified expenditures for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1913, and total from beginning of work to date, department of civil administration and
Canal Zone government.
Zone funds.
Total fiscal
year 1913.
Total to
June 30,
1913.
Civil administration.
Total fiscal
year 1913.
Total to
June 30,
1913.
Grand total.
Total fiscal
year 1913.
Total to
June 30,
1913.
Administration
Supreme and circuit courts
Prosecuting attorney
District courts
Division of revenues
Division of posts
Purchase of stamps
D ivision of customs
Division of lands and
buildings
Division of estates
Police and prisons
Fire protection
Public schools
Construction of school-
houses
Repairs of schooLhouses
Sanitation
Zone charity
Maintenance and opera-
tion of waterworks and
sewers:
Panama
Colon
Repairs and maintenance
of pavements:
Panama
Colon
Miscellaneous Zone public
works
Treasurer of the Canal Zone
Construction of buildings . .
Repairs of buildings
Survey of lands, Canal Zone
Miscellaneous contingent. .
Construction of roads and
trails
Maintenance of roads and
trails
Construction, waterworks
and sewers
Maintenance, waterworks
and sewers
$54,491.57
32, 723. 71
$15,646.15
3,463.18
107,206.79
34,363.11
SS2, 9SS. 82
48,174.34
444,413.76
240,930.13
$605, 828. 09
364,669.72
39, 558. 47
18,444.62
79,651.14
184,559.75
732, 609. 56
10,579.05
'88,"2i5."66'
1,853.71
2, 267. 96
18,000.00
3,244.80
61,487.67
440, 803. 23
98,095.97
23, 137. 29
53,924.15
13, 428. 70
3, 225. 02
273, 495. 12
104,260.57
75, 825. 34
102,046.07
29, 897. 65
2, 262, 693. 02
95, 753. 33
1, 498. 96
61,318.12
190.31
621.76
29,494.00
12,367.84
23,997.74
43,359.82
14,472.96
7,801.78
4,822.84
8, 860. 82
407.91
2, 278. 77
586.37
41,745.29
41,313.42
1,531.72
2, 539. 86
15, 844. 71
382, 315. 26
96, 133. 80
51, 622. 25
10, 112. 26
168, 748. 90
252,935.40
41,240.52
46,958.57
33,442.96
47, 264. 80
514,519.41
19,757.17
75,000.00
$54,491.57
32,723.71
15,646.15
21,907.80
186,857.93
34,363.11
9,094.67
3,225.02
284,074.17
104,260.57
88, 215. 60
1,853.71
2, 267. 96
18,000.00
3,244.80
23,997.74
43,359.82
, 472. 96
, 801. 78
,321.80
, 860. 82
598. 22
,900.43
Total 374,868.04 2,166,592.30
681, 389. 06
6,393,308.73
1,056;
586. 37
745.29
313.42
531.72
539. 86
257.00
$605,828.09
364,669.72
39,558.47
82,988.82
232,734.09
1,177,023.32
240,930.13
75,825.34
102,046.07
29, 897. 65
2,324,180.69
795, 753. 33
440, 803. 23
98,095.97
23, 137. 29
53,924.15
13, 428. 70
168,748.90
252,935.40
41,240.52
46,958.57
94,761.08
47, 264. 80
544,013.41
32,125.01
75,000.00
15, 844. 71
382, 315. 26
96, 133. 80
51,622.25
10,112.26
8,559,901.03
Appendix M,
REPORT OF EDWARD J. WILLIAMS, DISBURSING OFFICER.
Isthmian Canal Commission,
Disbursing Department,
Empire, Canal Zone, July 31, 1913.
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following annual report for
the disbursing department covermg the fiscal year 1913.
The money situation has been kept well m hand, although there
has at times been a tendency toward scarcity of Panama silver.
When gold was needed it was shipped from the States to cover the
necessity. There appears to be plenty of silver at the present time,
and within the next year the question of proper handling of the
financial questions mcident to the disbursing office, and the mainte-
nance by the United States of the parity between gold and silver
m the Republic of Panama, required oy treaty, must be taken up.
On May 1, 1913, some changes in the organization were made
under your direction, eliminatmg certam checks on the part of this
office, theretofore made part of the passage of payrolls. It resulted
in the transfer of several clerks to another department.
Herewith find tabulated statement showing meal tickets and hotel
books issued by this office to the various departments for distribu-
tion to individual employees, of a grand total value of $1,305,405;
also statement of payments made by me during the fiscal year 1913,
amountmg to $29,560,335.93, and showing that during that time,
"Miscellaneous collections, United States funds,'' deposited mto
the Treasury of the United States amounted to $3,940,102.82.
Respectfiilly submitted.
Edward J. Williams,
Disbursing Officer.
CoL Geo. W. Goethals, United States Army,
Chainnan and Chief Engineer, Culebra, Canal Zone.
457
458 REPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Report of meal tickets and coupon books issued during fiscal year 1913.
Months.
Hotel books.
$15.
Meal tickets.
27 cents.
Recruit-
ing.
1912.
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913.
January
February
Marcb
April
May
June
Total books and tickets
Value
Total value
Grand total
400
1,425
1,100
470
1,585
475
445
620
430
300
465
545
2,700
5,795
3,420
3,280
4,910
8,390
3,405
2,170
2,944
3,815
9,406
2,295
39,800
25,400
35,000
27,000
64,200
30, 200
23, 500
23, 900
22, 800
36,300
58,000
20,000
8,260
52, 530
406,100
92,900
60,800
92,600
62,700
105, 300
70,100
79, 500
63, 500
51,900
66, 400
127, 500
47, 200
920, 400
$39,648 $787,950 $109,647 I $368,160
$827, 598 $477, 807
$1,305,405
1,200
1,500
2,800
2,000
2,800
1,500
6,300
6,000
4,500
3,800
1,600
2,600
36,600
Payments made by the disbursing department on the Isthvius, fiscal year 1913.
Months.
Gold rolls.
Silver rolls.
Public biOs
and reim-
bursement
vouchers.
Total.
Items on rolls
each month.
Gold. Silver. Total
1912.
July
August
September . . .
October
November
December
1913.
January
February
March
April
May
June
Total...
$744, 782. 63
760,903.58
744,070.18
733,884.05
825,851.81
820, 691. 67
727,510.00
812, 480. 36
729, 574. 04
775,979.02
774,047.47
778,859.18
$871,813.91
889,093.51
941,103.04
883, 382. 07
957,471.33
897,873.29
893,613.47
978, 926. 74
924, 446. 23
1,010,226.94
1,020,385.77
1,027,735.46
$740,038.23
703, 250. 40
784,859.60
735, 670. 46
720, 174. 56
737,953.53
787, 376. 69
776, 393. 03
732,201.41
791,219.04
782,903.75
743, 589. 48
$2,356,634.77
2,353,247.49
2,470,032.82
2,352,936.58
2,503,497.70
2,456,518.49
2, 408, 500. 16
2, 567, 800. 13
2,386,221.68
2,577,425.00
2,577,336.99
2, 550, 184. 12
5,244
5,248
5,380
5,400
5,491
5,487
5,352
5,456
5,356
5,456
5,397
5,285
31,609
33, 203
33,909
33, 202
33,609
33, 636
32,948
34,554
35, 553
36, 300
35, 873
36, 697
9,228,633.99
11,296,071.76
9,035,630.18
29,560,335.93
64, 552
411,093
36,853
38,451
39,289
38,602
39,100
39, 123
38,300
40,010
40,909
41,756
41,270
41,982
475,645
In addition to the above, $3,940,102.82, miscellaneous collections,
was deposited with the Treasurer of the United States, Washmgton,
D. C.
Appendix N.
EEPORT OF THE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ADMINISTRATION FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1912-13.
There is submitted below the report of the department of civil ad-
ministration of the commission for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
With the exception of certain reductions made in the personnel, as
more fully described in subsequent paragraphs, the organization of
the department remains substantially as outlined in the last annual
report.
LEGISLATION.
Seven acts of Congress and four joint resolutions affecting the
Panama Canal and the Canal Zone were enacted during the period
covered by this report. The most important of these was the so-
called Panama Canal act, approved August 24, 1912, providing for
the opening, maintenance, protection, and operation of the Panama
Canal and the sanitation and government of the Canal Zone. Sec-
tion 12 of this act provides that all laws and treaties relating to the
extradition of persons accused of crime in force in the United States
and aU laws relating to the rendition of fugitives from justice as be-
tween the several States and Territories of the United States shall
extend to and be considered in force in the Canal Zone.
The other acts containing provisions relating to the Canal Zone
are the act apj^roved August 13, 1912, entitled "An act to regulate
radio communication"; the acts approved August 24, 1912, and
June 23, 1913, making appropriations, respectively, for the fiscal years
ending June 30, 1913, and June 30, 1914; the act approved August
24, 1912, making appropriations for the support of the Army for the
fiscal year ended June 30, 1913, containing a provision respecting
the detached duty of commissioned officers in the United States
Army; the act approved May 1, 1913, entitled "An act making ap-
propriations for certain expenses incident to the first session of the
Sixty-third Congress," which provides, among other things, that col-
lections made by the Isthmian Canal Commission for materials sold
or services rendered shall be credited to the appropriations from
which payment for such material or services was originally made;
and the act approved March 4, 1913, making appropriations to sup-
ply deficiencies in appropriations for the fiscal year 1913 and for
prior years, providing for payment to the RepubUc of Panama of
$250,000 as the first annual payment due under the treaty of No-
vember 18, 1903.
Three of the joint resolutions, approved July 1, 1912, August 1,
1912, and August 15, 1912, relate to appropriations for the months of
July and August, 1912.^ The joint resolution approved August 24,
1912, amends the provision respecting detached duty of commis-
sioned officers in the United States Army contained in the Army
appropriation act approved August 24, 1912.
459
460 EEPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Five private acts providing for payment to employees or their
heirs for injuries sustained by, or deaths of, employees in the service
of the Isthmian Canal Commission were enacted during the year.
Seven orders signed by the President, having the effect of law in
the Canal Zone, were issued during the year, as follows :
The order of September 12, 1912, consolidating the administrative
district of Gorgona with that of Empire and extendmg the limits of
the administrative districts of Empire and Cristobal to include the
areas of Gatun Lake lying outside of the east and west Unes of the
original lO-mile strip of the Canal Zone; order of January 13, 1913,
amending sections 10 and 18 of the order of July 21, 1911, providing
for the inspection of steam vessels; order of March 19, 1913, provid-
ing for the protection of birds and their nests in the Canal Zone;
order of March 20, 1913, amending sections 2 and 8 of the order ap-
proved February 5, 1912, providing an inexpensive method for the
administration of the estates of deceased and insane persons in cer-
tain cases, etc.; order of March 20, 1913, relating to foreign corpora-
tions doing business in the Canal Zone; order of April 15, 1913, to
provide maritime quarantine regulations for the Canal Zone and the
harbors of the cities of Panama and Colon, Republic of Panama,
which shall take effect upon the official opening of the Panama Canal;
and the order signed June 30, 1913, effective July 4, 1913, providing
at the option of the defendant for trial by jury in all felony cases.
There was also issued under date of December 5, 1912, an order de-
claring all lands in the Canal Zone to be necessary for canal purposes
and authorizing the chairman of the commission to take possession of
all such lands on behalf of the United States ; and the order of Feb-
ruary 18, 1913, excepting from the provisions of the order of Decem-
ber 5, 1912, the area of land in the Canal Zone known as "Las
Sabanas."
Four ordinances were enacted by the Isthmian Canal Commission
during the year and approved by the Secretary of War, as follows :
Ordinance No. 31, enacted July 18, 1912, and approved August 6,
1912, respecting unlawful riding on labor trains and jumping on or
off locomotives, cars, or trains in motion; ordinance No. 32, enacted
October 15, 1912, and approved October 26, 1912, amending para-
graph (a) of section 7 of the ordinance entitled "Regulations pro-
viding for certain taxes and licenses in the Canal Zone, other than
for the sale of intoxicating liquors," so as to provide for the exemp-
tion from the payment in the Canal Zone of the license tax for the
operation of carts when such carts are duly licensed in the Republic
of Panama; ordinance No. 33, enacted December 16, 1912, and
approved January 13, 1913, amending rules 90 and 91 of the ''Rules
for the navigation of the Panama Canal and approaches thereto,
including aU waters under the jurisdiction of the Isthmian Canal
Commission," enacted by the Isthmian Canal Commission Decem-
ber 5, 1910, and approved by the Secretary of War December 21,
1910; and ordinance No. 34, enacted December 16, 1912, and ap-
proved January 13, 1913, providing for the licensing of navigators of
motor boats.
_ At the meeting of the commission held on April 24, 1913, a resolu-
tion was adopted providing that no licenses for the sale of intoxicat-
ing licjuors in the Canal Zone should be granted for the period com-
mencing July 1, 1913. At the close of the fiscal year there were 35
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION. 461
saloons licensed in the five towns of New Gatun, Gorgona, Matachiii,
Empire, and Culebra. The early abandonment of the towns of Gor-
gona and Matachin eliminated those settlements from consideration
as points at which licenses might be granted ; the proximity of Empire
to Camp E. S. Otis made it inadvisable to grant any further licenses
at Empire, and the same objection was made with regard to Culebra.
As this left only one town, New Gatun, it was decided as a matter
of policy to grant no further licenses for the sale of liquors.
RELATIONS WITH PANAMA AND FOREIGN REPRESENTATIVES.
Negotiations by correspondence or j^ersonal conference between
the head of the department of civil administration and the secretary
of foreign affairs of the Kepublic of Panama included, among others,
the following subjects in addition to routine matters: The arrest by
police officers of Panama of employees of the commission while en-
gaged in the performance of their duties in the cities of Panama and
Colon; the enactment of ordinances providing for the reciprocal
licensing of carts and wagons used in the transportation of merchan-
dise in the Republic and the Canal Zone; municipal and sanitary
improvements in the cities of Panama and Colon; the enactment of
new samtary regulations for the cities of Panama and Colon, and
the enforcement of the laws and regulations governing the construc-
tion of buildings, sanitation, quarantine, and immigration in those
cities; the superior right of the United States under the treaty to
the use of rivers and streams in the Republic; the deportation to
the Republic of ex-convicts who have served terms of imprison-
ment in the Canal Zone; the admission of merchandise shipments
consigned to the commission, the United States Marine Corps,
Tenth Infantry Camp, and United States wireless stations without
the intervention of Panaman customs authorities; delay for customs
release to shipments consigned to commission and Panama Raiboad
employees, resulting in accumulated storage charges and congestion
of freight; the collection of customs duties on parcel-post packa^^es
coming through the post offices of the Canal Zone; the establish-
ment of a uniform schedule of rates to be charged for the transpor-
tation of passengers by automobile between points in the Canal
Zone and the cities of Panama and Colon ; the collection of a tax by
Panama upon steamship tickets covering passage to foreign ports;
and the tax upon steamship agencies doing business in the Canal
Zone and the RepubUc of Panama.
Correspondence and negotiations of the general character de-
scnbed in the last annual report were also had with the various
diplomatic and consular representatives accredited to the Republic
of Panama.
The relations of the commission and the Canal Zone Government
with the Republic of Panama and with foreign representatives con-
tinue satisfactory.
EXECUTIVE OFFICE.
The organization of the office of the head of the department of
civil adnunistration consists of 1 chief clerk, 1 assistant chief clerk,
16 clerks, 1 storekeeper, 1 translator, and 2 messengers, a reduction
of 2 clerks from the number in the service at the close of the previous
fiscal year.
462 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
STEAMBOAT-INSPECTION SERVICE.
The organization of the board of local inspectors consists of three
members, detailed from other branches of the commission organiza-
tion, who serve in that capacity without additional compensation.
There is also a deputy inspector of hulls and boilers, at $2,100 per
annum, who devotes his entire time to the work of the board. Mr.
W. G. Comber, who had been chairman of the board since its creation
on November 12, 1909, resigned, effective April 25, 1913, and was
succeeded by Lieut. Col. Wm. V. Judson, United States Army.
During the year the board issued 88 licenses to pilots, 41 to masters,
19 of which were issued as joint master-pilot licenses, 22 to mates, and
58 to engineers, a total of 209 licenses.
Eighteen convictions were secured for violations of the rules gov-
erning the navigation of the Panama Canal and auxiliary waters, and
one conviction for the violation of the Executive order of July 21,
1911, pro\dding for the inspection of steam vessels.
Under the authority of the circular of the chairman of the commis-
sion. No. 371, dated January 28, 1911, approved by the Secretary of
War, the board made two general inspections of the floating plant
of the commission and the Panama Railroad Co., and made such
recommendations as would bring the floating plant up to the required
standard of efficiency.
Rules 90 and 91, of the rules for the navigation of the Panama
Canal, were amended by the ordinance enacted by the Isthmian
Canal Commission on December 16, 1912, approved by the Secre-
tary of War January 13, 1913, the effect of the amendment of rule 90
being to limit the application of that section to sail and row boats.
Inspections of all other vessels are made under the provisions of the
general inspection law (Executive order of July 21, 1911).
Under the provisions of the last named order the board inspected
and issued certificates to 94 vessels of all classes. Of these, 18 were
over 100 gross tons burden; 3 from 15 to 100 tons, and 73 less than
15 tons. The sum of $2,738.55 was collected by the collector of
revenues in fees for the issuance of the certificates of inspection as
compared with $2,837.15 for the previous fiscal year, or a decrease of
$98.60.
Sections 10 and 18 of the Executive order of July 21, 1911, relating
to the inspection of steam vessels, were amended by the order of Janu-
ary 13, 1913, the amendment of section 10 providing for a reduction
in the fees covering the inspection of motor boats, and that of section
18 authorizing the board of local inspectors to prescribe the equip-
ment required to be carried by steam vessels. The classification of
masters, mates, engineers, etc., fixed in section 1 of the rules and regu-
lations of the board was increased by the addition of Class V under
"Mates " and Class VI under "Engineers." A slight modification ^yas
also made in the language of section 14 in order that that section
might properly refer to the present provisions of law in force.
Under the provisions of the ordmance enacted by the Isthmian
Canal Commission on December 16, 1912, and approved by the Secre-
tary of War on January 13, 1913, 162 licenses as navigators of motor
boats of less than 15 tons were granted.
One hundred and twenty chauffeurs' licenses were also issued by
the board under the provisions of the ordinance of April 15, 1911.
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION. 463
DIVISION OF POSTS, CUSTOMS, AND REVENUES.
This division includes the postal and customs services, the assess-
ment and collection of taxes and license fees, and the administration
of estates of deceased and insane employees of the commission and
Panama Railroad Co. The organization of this division consists of
1 collector of revenues (ex officio director of posts), 3 deputy collectors
of revenues, 5 inspectors, 18 clerks, 2 messengers, 20 postmasters,
6 assistant postmasters, 30 postal clerks, 18 post-office messengers,
1 inspector of post offices, and 5 railway-mail messengers.
POSTAL SERVICE.
The sale of postage stamps and postal cards, including the revenue
derived from the sale of stamp books, amounted to $100,485.54,
and $318.84 was collected for second-class maU matter. The total
income from postal sales was $100,804.38, as compared with
$87,694.41 for the preceding fiscal year, representing an increase
of $13,109.97, whUe the increase over the fiscal year ended June
30, 1911, is $17,910.66.
During the year there were manufactured in the office of the
director of posts 66,668 stamp books containing 12 and 24 two-cent
stamps and 24 one-cent stamps. These books are manufactured,
including cost of printing, at a cost of less than one-third of a cent
each and are sold for 1 cent more than the face value of the stamps
contained in each. Of the total number made up 46,909 were actu-
ally sold to the public, producing a revenue of $469.09, less $156.36,
the estimated cost of manufacture, or a net revenue of $312.73.
At Cristobal during the year there were 1,348 dispatches of mail.
During the same period 160,742 registered letters and parcels were
handled at the post offices of the Zone. Of this number 22,622
were domestic letters, 6,497 domestic parcels, 50,713 foreign letters,
2,805 foreign parcels, 75,425 official letters and parcels registered
free, and 2,680 letters and parcels reregistered free. Forty-one per
cent of the registered maU matter was official, and therefore franked
and carried free. The total number of registered letters and parcels
handled represents an increase of 5,109 over the previous fiscal
year.
The post offices at Cristobal and Ancon as exchange offices handled
97,693 pieces of registered maU. Of these 4,291 passed through
the Ancon post office to and from Panama and Central and South
American points and 93,402 through the Cristobal post office to and
from points in the United States and foreign countries. Seventy-
two thousand nine hundred and thirty-three pouches, sacks, and
registered sacks were handled by the railway mail messengers during
the year, as compared with 64,099 for the previous year.
Two hundred thirty-eight thousand three hundred and sixteen
money orders were issued during the year for a total of $4,883,624.13,
and the fees aggregated $23,347.12. The number and amount of
money orders sold during the past year compared with the preceding
fiscal year showed an increase of 10,636 in the number of orders
issued and a decrease of $31,453.16 in the amount of money involved.
The amount of the collections from money-order fees amounted to
$457.22 more than for the preceding year. The average amount of
464 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
each order issued was $20.49, as compared with $21.15 for the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1912. There were paid and repaid during the
year orders amounting to $967,223.56, as compared \vith $1,354,-
079.68 for the previous fiscal year. Of the money orders sold during
the year orders amounting to $3,917,899.30 were payable in the
United States and foreign countries, and orders amounting to
$965,724.83 were payable in the Canal Zone, as compared with
$3,834,251.55 and $1,080,825.74, respectively, for the previous fiscal
year.
The postal savings system established under the provisions of the
Executive order of September 8, 1911, and which became effective
on November 8, 1911, shows a substantial increase in deposits and
accounts during the year. At the beginning of the fiscal year there
were 2,402 open accounts with deposits aggregating $356,947. Dur-
ing the year there were opened in all post offices 5,699 new accounts,
and 4,922 accounts were closed, leaving at the close of the fiscal
year 3,179 open accounts. The depositors include citizens or sub-
jects of 45 different nations and dependencies. The total amount
of the deposits during this period was $1,601,616 and the total
amount of the withdrawals $1,312,873, an increase during the year
of $288,743, which, together with, the amount on deposit on July 1,
1912, of $356,947, shows total savings deposits at the close of the
fiscal year of $645,690, or an approximate average of $203.11 for
each of the 3,179 depositors. Practically all of these accounts are
in the name of employees of the Isthmian Canal Commission, the
Panama Railroad Co., and of the various canal contractors. In
addition to the postal savings accounts, the money orders issued
and drawn on Canal Zone post offices, payable to the remitter, aggre-
gated on June 30, 1913, $156,916.28, as compared with $193,817.40
at the close of the preceding fiscal year. The extent to which the
Canal Zone post offices have been used as savings depositories by
employees is indicated by the fact that at the close of the year cov-
ered by tliis report the total savings deposits, including the money
orders payable to remitter at Canal Zone post offices, aggregated
$802,618, as compared with $550,764.40 at the close of the preceding
fiscal year, or an increase of $251,815.60.
In order to more fully protect the revenues of the Republic of
Panama in the matter of importation of merchandise through the
post offices of the Canal Zone, mstructions were issued by the director
of posts under date of April 2, 1913, to all postmasters to withhold
from delivery all mail parcels or parcels of any description until the
addressee had either exhibited a receipt shov/ing that the requisite
amount of duty had been paid to the Panaman authorities, or pre-
sented an authorization for the remission of customs duties. Under
this arrangement, as shown by receipts filed by importers, the sum of
$4,284.48 was paid to Panama from April 2 to June 30, 1913, for duties
on articles imported through the post ofiices.
Durmg the month of Aumjst, 1912, an official count, for statistical
Eurposes, was made of all mail matter received, dispatched, and
andled in transit on the Canal Zone, and during the same period
franked matter was weighed. The total number of ordinary letters,
paid and official, dispatched during the period was 271,169, of which
79,558, or 30 per cent, were official. Oi the 22,905 paid papers and
official packages dispatched, 4,263, or 18 per cent, havmg a total
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION. 465
weight of 10,424 pounds, were ofTicial. The total of paid and official
registers dispatched was 11,854, of which 6,001, or 54 per cent, weigh-
ing 13,609 pounds, were official, and of the 9,739 registers received,
5,570, or 57 per cent, were olUcial. The number of ordinary letters,
paid and official, received was 263,615, of which 73,376, or 28 per
cent, were carried under frank.
In the office of the director of posts the usual amount of corre-
spondence relating to postal business was handled, which consists
largely of correspondence \vith foreign postal admmistrations on
money order and registry matters, the issuance of duplicate money
orders, and the return to countries of origin of uncJuimed ordinary
mail matter, of which there were 51,873 pieces, 5,973 bemg domestic
letters and parcels and 45,900 foreign letters and parcels. One
thousand nine hundred and fifteen misdirected \cU ers were advertised
in the Canal Record, of which about 70 per cent were delivered or
forwarded to addressees.
No post offices were established or discontinued during the year.
CUSTOMS SERVICE.
During the year 281 vessels entered the port of Ancon of a total
tonnage of 553,767, and 283 vessels cleared of a total tonnage of
556,306. At Cristobal 280 vessels entered of a tonnage of 849,702,
and 283 vessels cleared of a tonnage of 858,703,
The usual customs services were rendered seamen and vessels, and
the mterests of the Republic of Panama were guarded by customs
inspectors on the wharves who prevented smuggling and the entrance
of dutiable articles until the proper duties liad been paid to the
Panaman authorities.
At the port of Ancon there arrived, in transit to the Republic of
Panama or other countries, 270 aliens whose entry is prohibited under
the exclusion laws. Of this number, 157 were permitted to disem-
bark by authority of the secretary of foreign affairs of the Republic of
Panama, and 112 were either transferred to other vessels or returned
to the port of embarkation, and 1 escaped.
In the early part of June advice was received that the Treasury
Department had approved a plan under which the Canal Zone cus-
toms service will examine the boxes, cases, etc., containing the? house-
hold goods and personal effects of employees of the commission and
Panama Railroad Co. and Army officers on duty in the Canal Zoiio as
such, upon their return to the United States, when the shipment is
made other than as personal baggage. The boxes, cases, etc., after
inspection by a customs officer, are tied and sealed, and a certificate
of inspection attached to each piece, thus avoiding the necessity of
inspection at the port of entry in the United States. The first ship-
ment under this plan was made on June 14, a^nd between that date
and June 30 there were 13 shipments, with a total of 43 pieces, in-
spected and sealed.
LANDS AND BUILDINGS.
The collections for rent of land and buildings for the year amounted
to $11,449.31, of which $3,748.06 was for land rental, and $7,701.25
for buildings, including rental charged for quarters occupied by
others than commission employees, and for buildings, or parts of
11834°— 13 30
466 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
commission buildings, leased under authority of the quartermaster's
department.
At the close of the year there were in effect for the rental of land
and buildings 319 leases and revocable licenses, of which 312 licenses
were for buildmg lots, 1 lease for land, and 6 leases for buildings.
During the year all leases for agricultural land and building lots
not covered by revocable Ucenses were canceled. As compared with
the previous fiscal year, there was a decrease in the year ended
June 30, 1913, of $4,792.95 in collections for land rent and an increase
of $210.97 for rental of buildings and rooms.
TAXES AND LICENSE FEES.
During the year $53,855.95 was collected on account of general
taxes and licenses, as compared mth $122,674.54 during the year
ended June 30, 1912, a decrease of $68,818.59. This decreaseis due
to the depopulation of the Canal Zone authorized by the President's
order of December 5, 1912. The cancellation of the real estate taxes
alone resulted in a loss of revenue of $24,981.06. Other decreases are
especially noted in the slaughterhouse and market and merchandise
taxes. There was collected as distillation taxes $9,130.55 dm'ing the
period from July 1, 1912, to December 31, 1912. The operation of
distilleries and the manufacture of spirituous hquors subsequent to
January 1, 1913, was proliibited imder the terms of the Executive
order of May 21, 1912. During the preceding fiscal year the revenues
from tliis source amoimted to $5,083.71— $2,353.88 during 1911 and
$3,188.67 during the year 1910.
Thirty-eight licenses for the sale of Uquor at retail were issued on
July 1 , 1 9 1 2 . Three of the hcensees failed to renew their licenses at the
expiration of the first annual period. The total collections from this
source were $43,800, as compared with $55,200 for the previous fiscal
year. As stated in another paragraph, no Ucenses for the retail sa,le
of intoxicating liquors have been granted for the fis.cal year 1914.
Thirty-four thousand two hundred and eight dollars and eighty cents
were collected on account of water rents in the Canal Zone, as com-
pared with $30,012.89 for the previous fiscal year. One thousand one
hundred and eighty dollars and tliirty-eight cents were collected
during the year in license fees from insurance companies doing busi-
ness in the Canal Zone, as compared with $1,137.83 for the preceding
fiscal year, and the sum of $100 was collected from two corporations
which were authorized to do business in the Canal Zone under the
provisions of the Executive order of March 20, 1913, effective June 9,
1913, relating to foreign corporations. Under the pro%'isions of the
ordinance providing for the hcensing and regulation of motor vcliicles
in the Canal Zone 124 Hcenses were issued and $2,240.50 was collected
in license fees. This amount includes payment for Hcenses and $1 to
cover the metal tag bearing the license number, several of which were
issued to replace lost tags. Four hundred and forty-eight bicycle
licenses and 121 chauffeurs' licenses were issued, the revenues from
those sources being $488 and $121, respectively. Under the pro-
visions of section 10 of the Executive order o^ July 21, 1911, as
amended by the order of January 13, 1913, providing for the inspec-
tion of steam vessels, $2,738.55 was collected as inspection fees.
There was also collected $150 covering the issuance of 150 licenses to
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION. 467
navio;ators of motor boats, under the provisions of the ordinance
enacted by the Isthmian Canal Commission on December IG, 1912,
and approved by the Secretary of War January 13, 1913.
ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES.
The collector of revenues, as ex ofl&cio administrator of estates,
under the provisions of the Executive order of February 5, 1912, as
amended by the order of March 20, 1913, administered upon 470
estates of deceased and insane employees of the commission and the
Panama Railroad Co., and there were 78 estates in the course of
settlement on June 30, 1913. Prior to March 20, 1913, the jurisdic-
tion in the administration of estates was limited to estates not
exceeding in value the sum of $1,000; such limitation, however, was
removed by the order of March 20, 1913.
Of the 470 estates of deceased and insane employees settled during
the year, 371 estates were settled with the consular representatives in
Panama of the countries of which deceased was a citizen or subject,
and 99 estates were settled direct with the heirs, upon satisfactory
evidence of heirship being furnished.
The money handled during the year on account of the administra-
tions'of estates aggregated $30,124.24. The amount involved in the
settlement of the 470 estates was $26,523.25, of which $25,347.28
belonged to the estates of deceased employees and $1,175.97 to the
estates of insane employees.
SUMMARY OF REVENUES AND COLLECTIONS.
The revenues collected by the division during the year aggregated
$283,846.31 and the total of all moneys handled was $6,799,210.68,
iin increase over the previous year in the amount of funds handled of
$963,934.27. That total is made up as follows:
Zone revenues $283, 846. 31
Money orders issued 4, 883, 624. 13
Postal savings certificates sold 1, 601, 616. 00
Value of estates 30, 124. 24
Total 6, 799, 210. 68
DIVISION OF POLICE AND PRISONS.
The organization of the division of police and prisons remains as
described in previous annual reports. Mr. J. P. Fyffe resigned as
chief of poUce, effective September 7, 1912, and was succeeded by
Capt. C. W. Barber, United States Army. On June 30, 1913, the
division consisted of a chief, an assistant cliief, 1 inspector, 3 lieu-
tenants, 8 sergeants, 15 corporals, 122 first-class white police officers,
90 colored policemen, and 5 clerks.
Of this force, 2 corporals, S first-class white officers, and 24 colored
policemen were assigned to the Panama Railroad Co. and the Canal
Zone government and carried on the respective pay rolls of the rail-
road company and the Zone government from October 1, 1912, to
the end of the fiscal year.
A reorganization of the division was effected on September 1, 1912,
reducing the authorized strength of the force from 274 to 247. The
468 KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
reduction was accomplished by abolishing the positions of 1 lieuten-
ant and 26 policemen and changing the classification of 5 corporals
to first-class policemen. On October 16 one position of inspector was
also abolished when the incumbent was promoted to the postion of
assistant chief.
During the year 72 white and 33 colored officers separated from the
service, and 64 white and 15 colored officers were appointed.
In connection with the reorganization of the force of the division
on September 1, 1912, the police districts of Empire and Gorgona were
consolidated, resulting in the abolition of Gorgona as a district central
station and making it a subpolice district of Empire police district.
This change reduced the number of police districts and central stations
from four to three, viz, Ancon, Empire, and Cristobal, all other sta-
tions being substations and call stations.
Six thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven arrests were made
during the year, 6,079 of wliich were of males and 748 of females, as
compared with 6,452 males and 603 females, a total of 7,055 arrests,
for the previous year, a decrease of 288. Of the arrests made, 424
were on felony charges, as against 742 for the previous fiscal 3'ear.
Of the total number of persons arrested, 5,377, or 77 per cent, were
convicted.
Seven homicides were committed during the 3^ear. Of these, 1 case
was the killing by a posse of Panaman police officers near Pedro
Miguel on July 4, 1912, of a black Martiniquan, who on May 31, 1912,
murdered one of his countrymen. In the remaining 6 cases, 3 of the
assailants (2 of whom v/ere unknown) escaped. Of the 3 appre-
hended, 1 was declared to be insane and committed to the as3'lum; 1
was found guilty of murder in the first degree and sentenced to be
hanged on July 11, 1913, but the death sentence was commuted to
life imprisonment on June 30, 1913 ; and 1 was found guilty of murder
in the second degree and sentenced to 10 years at hard labor in the
penitentiary.
In addition to the foregoing homicide cases, 3 deaths occurred under
circumstances which required police investigation.
One person, a black Martiniquan, committed suicide by hanging
sometime between February 16 and 25, 1913, the cause being
unknown.
A continuous police patrol of the harbors of Ancon and Cristobal
has been maintained, and numerous prosecutions for violations of
the navigation laws have resulted. Patrols of the watersheds in the
Zone have also been maintained to protect the reservoirs from j^oUu-
tion.
Constant patrols of the area to be flooded by the waters of Gatun
Lake were maintained during the year from the stations still within
that territory, supplemented by the launch patrol service from Gatun
and Gorgona stations. As the removal or destniction of houses within
the lake area continued the necessity for additional patrol facilities
increased. To meet this condition an additional launch was placed
in service to patrol the lake from the Gorgona end. Cooperating with
the department of law, the police contiiuie to effect the removal of
persons and property of those whose claims of ownership or occu-
pancy have been settled. Such action has already been taken in over
600 cases and reports rendered the office of the head of the depart-
ment of civil administration and the department of law.
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION. 469
Diirino; the year 290 animals were impounded by the Zone poUce,
and a total of $406.65 was collected for pound fees and maintenance.
On June 30, 1913, there were 133 convicts confined in the peniten-
tiary at Culebra, as compared with 141 on June 30, 1912; 148 on
June 30, 1911; 138 on June 30, 1910; 117 on June 30, 1909; and 108
on June 30, 1908. All convicts, except a sufficient detail to perform
the necessary work at the penitentiary, have been kept at work on
public roads in the Zone, particularly on the construction of the wagon
road leading from Empire, Canal Zone, toward Chorrera, Republic of
Panama, terminating at the Zone boundary line. The work on this
road, which was commenced on March 20, 1911, was completed on
January 11, 1913. On Januaiy 13, 1913, the stockade at Mandingo,
where the convicts were quartered while engaged on this road, was
closed, and all convicts, guards, and officers were transferred to the
new stockade near Gamboa Bridge and began work on the wagon road
leading from Gamboa to connect with the Panama-Empire Road at
the east end of Empire Suspension Bridge. The work on this road
has progressed satisfactorily during the year.
The value of the work performed by the penitentiary convicts, on
the basis of 10 cents gold an hour for each convict, was $26,561.75,
and. the cost of guarding, subsisting, and clothing the convicts was
$30,178.23. Included in this amount is $11,130.84, representing the
increased cost of guarding convicts on account of the work performed
on public roads.
Four thousand two hundred and ninety-tliree writs of process in
civil and criminal cases were served during the year, and a total of
$7,575.86 was collected and disbursed by the acting marshal (chief of
police) and his deputies.
One hundred and ninety six deaths were investigated by the chief
of police or other members of the force, acting as coroner or deputy
coroners. Of these, 55 were due to railroad accidents and 29 to
accidental drowning.
Police investigation was made of 670 cases of personal injuries,
involving 465 commission employees, 73 Panama Railroad Co. em-
ployees, and 132 nonemployees, of whom 60 were employees of canal
contractors.
A course of target practice with regulation .36-caliber Colt revolvers
was held commencing April 26, 1913. With the exception of a few
slight modifications, the course of firing was similar to that of the
previous year. Three medals of original design were offered as first,
second, and tliird prizes. Satisfactory increase of efficiency and
familiarity m handling firearms has resulted from this practice.
DIVISION OF FIRE PROTECTION.
The authorized organization of this division consists of 1 chief, 1
assistant chief, 1 clerk, 1 messenger, 6 captains, 6 lieutenants, 37
firemen, 1 engineer of steam fire engme, 1 motor engineer, 1 elec-
trician, and 1 mieman, a total of 57 men. The actual force, however,
represents a reduction of 15 men in the number m the service on
July 1, 1912, namely, 3 captams, 1 lieutenant, and 11 firemen. All
of these reductions became necessary shortly after the beginning of
the fiscal year because of a deficiency in the appropriations for the
department of civil admmistratioii, and in makmg the reduction
470 EEPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
required every effort was made to preserve the highest decree of fire-
fightiiig efficiency possible under the circumstances. Witli the two
automobile fire engines purchased last year, and which arc described
in the last annual report, it was possible to discontinue the one man
stations at Balboa and Mount Hope, as well as Ancon station No. 2,
which was consolidated wdth station No. 1 near the Tivoli Hotel.
The firemen stationed at Toro Pomt and Porto Bello were withdrawn.
Other reductions were at Culebra of 1 captam and 1 fireman; at
Gorgona of 1 captam and 1 fireman; at Gatun of 1 fireman, and at
Cristobal of 4 firemen. To offset m part tliis reduced efficiency of
the division durmg the dry season the officers and employees were
allowed off only 1 day in every 15 instead of 1 day in every 10 days.
No new fire stations were constructed, nor was any new apparatus
purchased during the year. The small buildmg west of the locks at
Gatun, occupied as quarters by the paid fireman and an employee of
the sanitary department, was turned over to the quartermaster's
department on January 16, 1913.
With the approachhig abandonment of the town of Gorgona, which
is in the area to be flooded by tlie waters of Gatun Lake, and the
consequent removal of commission buildings prmcipally to Corozal
and Balboa, all of the fire equipment mstalled m those buildings was
removed and installed m the buildhigs when reconstructed.
Durmg the year 7,500 feet of new 2|-mch single-jacket fire hose
and 3,000 feet of double-jacket hose was received.
The two fire pumps were removed from the tug Phoenix at Cristobal
and were reinstalled on the tug Porto Bello, made necessary because
of the sale of the Phoenix. The fire pump on the tug Bolivar at
Balboa was also removed when tliis tug was withdrawn from service,
and the remstallation of tliis pump on a clapet was approved.
Six fire horses were sold to the quartermaster's department durmg
the year, and one horse died. These horses were disposed of on
account of the installation of two new automobile fire engines and
hose wagons during the latter part of the previous fiscal year. On
June 30, 1913, there remained m service 12 horses.
Two firemen were appointed by the Panama Railroad Co. on Jan-
uary 22, 1913, for special fire protection to bridge No. 57 1, which
crosses the canal at Paraiso. These firemen were placed under the
supervision of this division. One of the men was discharged, after
the dry season was over, June 5, 1913, and the other man was retained
indefinitely because the bridge is of great miportance to the Panama
Railroad.
The number of volunteer fire companies on June 30, 1913, was the
same as that reported at the close oi the last fiscal year, namely, 15,
with a total membership of 252.
The existmg fire-alarm systems, five in number, were inspected,
tested, and kept m working order by the electrician of the division.
At the close of the year there were in use 50,381 feet of 2.V-inch
rubber-lined hose, 346 nozzles, 18 hose reels, and 23 hose <'arts. One
thousand four hundred and thu'ty tln-ee lire extinguishers were under
the care of the division on June 30, 1913. Thirty thousand two hun-
dred and forty-nme inspections and 759 recharges of chemical extin-
guishers were made and 379 extmguishers were painted or repaired.
The inspection of buildmos and fire-fighting apj^arivtus distributed
thi'oiighout the Zone and in buildings of the United States and the
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION. 471
Panama Railroad Co. in the cities of Panama and Colon and on Naos,
Ciilebra, and Taboga Islands, at the Palo Seco Leper Asylum, and at
Porto Bcllo was mamtained.
Two hundred and twenty alarms of fi.ro were responded to during
the year, 18 of which were false alarms. Of the 202 actual fires, 1
was in the city of Panama and 7 in the city of Colon; 104 fires were in
Government property and 20 in property of the Panama Railroad Co.
The value of Government and railroad property involved, including
the buildings and their contents, was $834,077.44, and the total loss
is estimated at $12,173.77 in Government property and $501.75 in
property of the Panama Railroad Co. The average loss in all fires
in Government and railroad property was $102.22.
The largest and most serious fire in the Canal Zone occurred at
Toro Point at 2.30 a. m. on February 6, 1913, in 2 two-story four-
family quarters of frame construction, causing a loss to the Isthmian
Canal Commission of $11,326.98. The value of the Government
property involved was $19,190.47. The occupants of these buildings
sustained a loss of $3,900, the value of the private property being
reported as $5,000. No paid fireman was stationed at Toro Point,
and a detachment of firemen and necessary equipment were sent by
launch from Cristobal.
Another serious fire occurred at Balboa on March 16, 1913, in a
large pile of lumber, about 500 feet north of the Balboa dock. An
oil pipe fine under the lumber pile burst shortly after the fire com-
menced, but the flow of oil was stopped by means of cUking. The
loss to the Panama Railroad Co. in this fire amounted to $288.85.
There were three other fires in Government property where the losses
were from $100 to $200.76, and three private fires in wliich the losses
sustained amounted to, respectively, $350, $250, and $150.
The value of the private property involved in the 27 fires reported
is estimated at $207,352.75 and the loss at $9,845.45.
There were no deaths caused by fires during the year. Five per-
sons received burns more or less serious, and one colored man sus-
tained a broken leg by jumping from the balcony of a burning
building at New Gatun.
Satisfactory relations were maintained with the fire departments of
the cities of Panama and Colon. During the year extensions of water
mains, installations of fire hydrants, and extensions of roads were
made, wMch increased the efficiency of the division.
DIVISION OF PUBLIC WORKS.
The work of this division remains as described in the previous
reports. The organization of the division consists of 1 superin-
tendent, 1 assistant superintendent, 7 clerks, 1 inspector and mes-
senger, 2 inspectors of plumbing, 1 inspector of meters, 1 market
inspector, 3 engineers, 6 foremen, 13 masons, 18 pipe fittei's, 20
laborers, and 1 carpenter.
The deficiency in the appropriations for the department of civil
administration made it necessary to dispense with the services of two
inspectors rated at $1,980 and $900 per amium on October 16, 1912,
and their duties were performed by other em])lo3^ees of the division.
All of the municipal improvements in the city of Panama that were
undertaken under authority of the $800,000 appropriation have been
472 KEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
completed, and all of the imiDrovements were turned over to tliis
division for maintenance. Work is still in progress on municipal
improvements in the city of Colon, but a large part of the work has
been completed, and the maintenance of coni})leted improvements
has been assumed by tliis di\asion.
The principal work in connection with the maintenance and repair
of the improvements in the cities of Panama and Colon during the
year consisted of resurfacing macadam streets and the removal of
basket gutters in brick pavements. In connection with the mainte-
nance of the sewer system in the city of Panama, it became necessary
during the year to make extensive repairs to the Cocoa Grove sewer
outfall along the beach between West Sixteenth and West Twentieth
Streets. Repairs were made to about 120 feet of tliis outfall by con-
structing soUd foundations and substituting 12-irich cast-iron pipe for
the vitrified pipe that was originally used. An important part of the
maintenance work of the sewer system in the city of Colon consists of
the operation of the sump pumping plant. This plant was success-
fully operated during the entire year, the pumps being operated an
average of 364 hours per month, or practically 50 per cent of the time.
A storage yard in each of the two cities has been assigned to the
division, and during the year sheds for the protection of road rollers
and other equipment and material were erected, the work being per-
formed by the maintenance forces of the division.
The construction of a tramway system was in progress m the city
of Panama during a great part of the year, and regular inspections of
this work were made.
The mstallation of municipal improvements m the Chorrillo dis-
trict of the city of Panama was undertaken by contractors during
the year, and emploj^ecs of the division inspected the work.
In the city of Panama there were on June 30, 1913, 2,101 water
connections and 22 applications pendmg, an increase of IIG comiec-
tions durmg the year. The installation of all plumbmg resultmg
from these new connections, as well as repairs and extensions of exist-
ing plumbing, was inspected by the employees of the division.
The collections of water rents from private consumers for the first
three c|uarters of the year m the city of Panama were $81,727.75,
and the net amount of the bills rendered for the quarter ended June
30, 1913, was $32,583.75, a total for the year of 8114,3)1.50. For
the first three quarters of the year the amount of water collections
in the city of Panama exceeded the quarterly amount necessary to
amortize the cost under the contract between the United States Gov-
ernment and the Government of the Repubhc of Panama, dated
September 30, 1910, resulting in a surplus of $13,219.09, which was
applied to the reduction of the capital cost of the waterworks, sewers,
and pavements. The average daily consumption of water in the city
of Panama was 1,718,000 gallons, and the average daily consuni]ition
per capita, based upon the 1911 census of the city, was 48.57 gallons.
The average annual charge per connection was $50.37.
The water mains, hydrants, valves, taps, etc., were kept in order
during the year. Meters were tested, repaired, and set as needed, and
sewers, manholes, and catch basins were kept clean and in working
order.
In the city of Colon on June 30, 1913, there were 866 connections
usmg water and 55 applications for connections pending, making a
Department of civil administration. 473
total of 921, or an increase durin<j; the year of 145 connections. The
water collections in Colon from private consmners for the first three
quarters of the year were $52,263.65, and the amount paid by the
^Panama Railroad Co. and the Isthmian Canal Commission during
the same period was $11,794.50. The net amount of water bills ren-
dered agamst private consumers for the quarter ended June 30, 1913,
was $19,834.40, and the bills against the Isthmian Canal Commission
and the Panama Railroad Co. for the same period amounted to
$4,334.40, making a total for the year of $88,226.95. For the city
of Colon the Repubhc of Panama was required to pay $9,675.05 for
the first thi-ee quarters of the fiscal year in order to liquidate the pro-
portion of the part of the capital cost of the water, sewer, and street
systems due, together with interest and expense of operation and
maintenance. As the city makes no direct payment for public
hydrants, the amount paid by it on account of deficiency collections
may be said to cover the water furnished through these hydrants,
of which there are 104, and the annual cost for each hydrant and tap
would, on that basis, be $116.29. The average daily consumption
of water in Colon was 1,212,894 gallons, and the daily per capita con-
sumption was 68.33 gallons. The average annual charge per private
connection was $89.49. During the year 133 water and sewer con-
nections were made by the division for private property owners in
the cities of Panama and Colon at a cost of $2,610.18, which amount
was paid in advance when applications were made for the connec-
tions.
In the Canal Zone on June 30, 1913, there were 695 water connec-
tions, as compared with 691 connections and 26 applications pending
at the close of the fiscal year 1912. All of the plumbing installations
resultmg from these connections, as well as the repairs and exten-
sions to existing plumbing, were inspected by employees of the divi-
sion. Zone water bills to a net amount of $34,135.40 v%"ere prepared
and forwarded to the collector of revenues for collection, as compared
with $29,120.78 during the previous fiscal year. The average charge
per connection was $49.11.
Eight pubhc markets under the direction of tins division were in
operation, and a revenue of $3,805.50 was derived from the rental of
space therein, as compared with $4,183.95 for the preceding fiscal
year, a decrease of $378.45. At the two pubhc slaughterhouses of
the Zone, one at Empire and the other at Gorgona, 1,893 cattle, 495
hogs, and 8 goats were slaughtered, a decrease m the total number
of animals slaughtered during the preceding fiscal year of 491.
The slaughterhouse at Gorgona was abandoned by this division
on June 15, and the market at that point will be abandoned on July 16.
The last assignment of space in the market at Gorgona was made for
the period beginning June 15, 1913.
The work of construction of roads and trails in the Canal Zone was
continued by the construction divisions during the year, and fre-
quent inspections of this work were made by representatives of the
division. The Empire-Chorrera Road was completed, and the con-
struction of a new road from Diablo (near Corozal) to Ancon Was
begun during the year, district prisoners being used on this work.
A great deal of repair work was done on the Canal Zone roads during
the last year, particularly on the Sabanas Road and the Ancon-
Balboa Road, on the Bas Obispo-Gorgona Road and on the Mount
474 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Hope-Gatim Road. The work on the Mount Hope-Gatim Eoad was
begun during the year, and 53 per cent was completed on June 30.
Twenty-one and eighteen one-hundredths miles of trails were cleared
in the Canal Zone by contract during the year at a total cost of $1,040,
or an average cost of $40.10 per mile.
DIVISION OF SCHOOLS.
The organization of this division consists of 1 superintendent,
1 supervisor of upper grades and high schools, 1 supervisor of pri-
mary grades, 2 clerks, 2 supervisors of children, 1 principal of high
school, 6 prmcipals of grammar schools, and 72 teachers.
The schools for the year 1912-13 opened on October 1, 1912, with
an enrollment in that month of 2,199 children, 1,157 in the white
and 1,042 in the colored schools, as compared with 1,174 in the white
and 931 in the colored schools during the month of October, 1911.
The total enrollment during the year was 1,369 in the white schools
and 1,580 in the colored schools.
A new lower grade school for white children was opened at Toro
Point on October 14. A new school for first, second, and third
grade white children was opened at Corozal on October 28. A new
school for third and fourth grade white children was opened at Las
Cascadas on May 26, 1913, and the fourth-grade Las Casoadas chil-
dren attending the Empire school transferred to the new school.
Two new rooms were opened at the Cristobal colored school, one on
December 9 and one on December 12, making this a six-room school.
A new room was opened at the Empire colored school on December
9, 1912, and an additional room was opened at the Gatun colored
school on April 1, 1913.
The consoHdated high school was transferred from Gatun to
Ancon at the opening of school, and branch hio-h schools, freshmen
and sophomore years, estabhshed at Gatun and Empire. All third
and fourth year pupils attended at Ancon, also all first and second
year pupils livhi^ at Ancon and points south of Culebra. All first and
second year pupils Hving at Gorgona and points south to and includ-
ing Culebra attended the school at Empire. All first and second
year pupils hving at Gatun and Cristobal attended the branch high
school at Gatun. On April 22, 1913, the second-year pupils attend-
mg the high school at Empire were transferred to the Ancon school,
as the number in that class had decreased to four. There were seven
graduates of the Canal Zone high school.
On June 30, 1913, there were 29 buildings used for school pur-
poses, 14 for white schools and 15 for colored schools. One of these,
a school for fu'st and second grade white children, was conducted in
a room of the Las Cascadas hotel budding, and another for white
children of the third and fourth grades was conducted in the church
building at that point. A school at Toro Point, for white children
m the first thi-ee grades, was conducted during the first pai*t of the
year in a building used for h^dng apai'tments and later in a portion of
the recreation hall, while the school at Porto Bt^llo for white children
from the first to sixth grade was conducted in an apartment of l)uild-
ing No. 52, and the church building at Miu-ajal was used for the school
there.
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION. 475
No now school buildings wore constructed during tlio. year. Old
camp buildings were moved and reconstructed for school purposes,
one to Corozal as a white school and another to Cristobal as a colored
school. An addition of one small room was made to the Ancon
white-school building for use as a high-school laboratory.
The white schools at Gorgona and Toro Point and the colored
schools at Gorgona and Matacinn were closed permanently on June 30,
1913.
A school garden was maintained in connection with the colored
school at Empire, from which the estimated income from the sale of
the school-garden products was $348.35 as compared wdth $218.64
during the school year 1911-12, $783 during the school year 1910-11,
and $332.72 during the school year 1909-10. The school garden at
the Culebra colored school was abandoned on November 23, 1912,
During the year the sum of $744 was collected for tuition as com-
pai'ed with. $694 during the previous year.
The system of medical inspection of the pupils inaugurated in the
month of January, 1911, has been continued. During the school
year 1,044 pupils were examined or treated.
CANAL ZONE TREASURY AND ZONE FUNDS,
The office of the treasurer of the Canal Zone consists of a treasurer,
an assistant treasurer, and 2 clerks.
At the beginning of the fiscal year there was a balance of $259,-
102.16 on hand in the Zone treasury, and during the year there was
collected a total of $336,603.33, of which the sum of $124,336.50 was
postal receipts.
The expenditures amounted to $374,868.04. The estimated
revenues oi the Canal Zone during the current fiscal year, 1914, are
$100,000, exclusive of postal receipts.
The postal revenues during the current fiscal year will, it is esti-
mated, amount approximately to $84,000, and they wiU be applied
to the maintenance of the postal service.
COUHTS.
The supreme court held 26 sessions during the year. It affirmed
the decision of the circuit court in 2 criminal cases and reversed the
decision of that court in 2 criminal cases. Two civil cases were
pending in the court at the beginning of the yeai', 22 were filed, and
18 were disposed of.
In the circuit courts 533 criminal cases were instituted. The
defendants were convicted in 369 cases and 93 were acquitted, 67
cases were dismissed, and 4 cases were pending on June 30, 1913.
Eight hundred and fifty-eight civil cases were filed; 750 were settled
and 108 were pending at the close of the year.
In the district courts 6,748 criminal cases were instituted. The
defendants were convicted in 4,913 cases and acquitted in 1,008
cases, 293 cases were dismissed, 531 cases were committed to the cir-
cuit courts, and 3 cases were yet pending in the district courts on
June 30, 1913. Seven hundred and three civil cases were filed
during the year, 668 were disposed of, and 35 cases were pendhig at
the close, of the year.
476
KEPORT ISTHMIAI^ CANAL COMMISSION.
The organization of the judiciary consists of 1 chief justice, 2
associate justices, 3 district judges, 7 clerks, 2 transUitors, and 2
messengers.
On September 22, 1912, the district court at Gorgona was abolished.
On that date under the order of the President of September 12, 1912,
effective September 22, 1912, the adminstrative district of Gorgona
was "incorporated into the administrative district of Empire for all
judicial, administrative, and political purposes."
APPENDICES.
Attention is called to the statements attached as appendices to
this report, which indicate in detail the business transacted through-
out the department.
Geo. W. Goethals,
Chairman, in charge of Department of Civil Administration.
APPENDICES TO REPORT OF THE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION.
Appendix I.
Table 1 . Sale of postage stamps and collections on account of second-class mail mat-
ter, by months, during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Table 2. Letters and parcels registered, by offices, during the fiscal year ended June
30, 1913.
Table 3. Number of dispatches of mail from the exchange office at Cristobal, and
number of pouches, sacks, and registered sacks handled by railway mail
messengers during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Table 4. Destination of dispatches of mail by the exchange office at Cristobal during
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Table 5. Money orders issued, paid and repaid, invalidated, and amount of fees,
by inonths, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Table 6. Amount of money orders, by offices, payable to the remitter and drawn on
the issuing office, remaining unpaid on June 30, 1913.
Table 7. Customs operations at the port of Ancon during the fiscal year ended June
30, 1913.
Table 8. Customs operations at the port of Cristobal during the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1913.
Table 9. Distillation taxes collected during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Table 10. Collections on account of saloon licenses during fiscal year ended June 30,
1913.
Table 11. Land and building rents collected during the fiscal year ended June 30,
1913.
Table 12. Statement, by months, of estates of deceased and insane employees ad-
ministered by the administrator of estates during the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1913.
Table 13. Number and amount of postal savings accounts opened, including those
remaining open oti June 30, 1912, at each post office during the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1913, together with the number and amount re-
mainin^open on June 30, 1913.
Table 14. Number or nationalities of postal savings depositors having open accounts
in Canal Zone post offices on June 30, 1913.
Appendix II.
Table 15
Table 16
Table 17
Actual strength of stations and substations on June 30, 1913.
Actual strength of division of police and prisons on June 30, 1904-1913.
Number of arrests, by fiscal years, made in the Canal Zone since organiza-
tion of division of police and prisons.
Table 18. Number of arrests, by months, made during the fiscal year ended June 30,
1913.
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION. 477
Ta^T/E 19. Statement of convictions of persons arrested during the fiscal year ended
June 30, 1913.
Table 20. Charges against persons arrested during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Table 21. Nationality of persons arrested during the fiscal year ended Juno 30, 1913.
Table 22. Statement of arrests, by stations, during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Table 23. Occupations of persons arrested during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Table 24. Crimes committed by prisoners confined in the penitentiary June 30, 1913.
Table 25. Occupations of prisoners confined in the penitentiary June 30, 1913.
Table 26. Nationality of persons confined in the penitentiary June 30, 1913.
Table 27. Ages of prisoners confined in the penitentiary June 30, 1913.
Table 28. Causes of deaths investigated by the coroner during fiscal year ended
June 30, 1913.
Table 29. Nationality of persons whose deaths were investigated by the coroner
during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Table 30. Statement of accidents involving personal injuries investigated during
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Appendix III.
Table 31. Consumption of water and collections made in the city of Panama for the
fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Table 32. Consumption of water and collections made in the city of Colon for the
fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Appendix IV.
Table 33. Net monthly enrollment and average daily attendance in white and
colored schools during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Table 34. Total enrollment for the year, by schools.
Table 35. Enrollment, by grades.
Table 36. Number of teachers employed in white and colored schools and number
of days of sickness of teachers during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Table 37. Statement of the value of products raised in school garden.
Appendix V.
Table 38. Revenues collected from July 1, 1912, to June 30, 1913.
Table 39. Expenditures from July 1, 1912, to June 30, 1913.
Table 40. Statement of balances in the Canal Zone treasury on June 30, 1913.
Appendix VI.
Table 41. Business transacted in the Supreme Court of tlie Canal Zone.
Table 42. Business transacted in the first circuit court.
Table 43. Business transacted in the second circuit court.
Table 44. Business transacted in the third circuit court.
Table 45. Business transacted in the district court of the district of Ancon.
Table 46. Business transacted in the district court of the district of Empire.
Table 47. Business transacted in the district court of the district of Cristobal.
Appendix VII. — Legislation.
(For Executive orders see Appendix U.)
ordinances.
1. Ordinance No. 31, enacted by the Isthmian Canal Commission, July 18, 1912,
and approved by the Secretary of War August 6, 1912.
2. Ordinance No. 32, enacted by the Isthmian Canal Commission October 15, 1912,
and approved by the Secretary of War October 26, 1912.
3. Ordinance No. 33, enacted by the Isthmian Canal Commission December 16, 1912,
and approved by the Secretary of War January 13, 1913.
4. Ordinance No. 34, enacted by the Isthmiaji Canal Commission December 16, 1912,
and approved by the Secretary of War January 13, 1913.
478
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Appendix VIII.
Table 48. Licenses issued by the board of local inspectors during the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1913.
Table 49. Statement of collections for steam vessel inspection for fiscal year ended
June 30, 1913.
Appendix IX.
Table 50. Detailed statement of fires during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Appendix X.
Table 51. Statement of the treasurer of the Canal Zone, of receipts, disbursements,
and balances by appropriations and accounts.
Table 52. Statement of the treasurer of the Canal Zone, of receipts and"disbiir.-ements
during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Appendix 1. — Division of Posts, Customs, and Revenues.
Table 1. — Sale of postage stamps and collections on account of second-class mail matter,
by months, during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Month.
1912
July
August
September
October.
November
December
First cliiss.
16,073.00
7,9a3.84
6,894.75
6,576.00
8,386.00
10,661.00
Second
class.
S16.19
15.18
11.74
21.79
24.14
25.21
Month.
1913
January
February
March
April
May
June
Total...
First class.
.?9,039.55
8, 900. 00
9,658.00
9,223.00
8,519.40
8,571.00
100,485.54
Second
class.
S29.78
28.52
35.52
34.40
37.60
38.87
318.84
Table 2. — Letters and parcels registered, by offices, during the fiscal year ended June SO,
1913.
Name of post office.
Ancon
Balboa
Bas Obispo. . .
Corozal
Cristobal
Cristobal:
Station A .
Station B .
Culebra
Empire
Gatun
Gorgona
Las C-ascadas .
Matachin
Miraflores
Monte Lirio. .
Parai.so
Fodro Miguel.
Total 22, 622
Domestic
letters
regis-
tered.
4,572
1,246
320
817
5,536
239
157
1,264
2,046
2,127
1,259
979
108
363
38
751
800
Domestic
parcels
regis-
tered.
2,320
78
76
357
1,062
46
26
330
456
519
485
334
21
20
7
130
230
6, 497
Foreign
letters
regi.s-
tered.
6,714
1,924
351
1,646
12,945
501
301
4,024
5,632
6,949
1,531
1,022
840
1,768
98
2,160
2, .307
50,713
Foreign
parcels
regis-
tered.
1,504
40
46
547
6
16
157
141
64
146
25
10
3
56
44
2,805
Omcial,
regisiered
free.
12,701
2, 622
1,170
2,907
6, 108
S91
691
12,492
19,446
3,916
4,549
1,811
482
1,197
69
l,8:i0
2,543
75, 425
Distribu-
1 ion ,
rugisteret'
free.
149
157
173
41
575
34
141
127
110
528
226
159
20
89
11
58
82
2,680
Total.
27,960
6,067
2,090
5,814
26,773
1,717
1,332
18,394
27,831
14, 103
8, 196
4,330
1,471
3,447
226
4,985
6,006
160,742
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION.
479
Table 3. — Number of dis pal cites of mail from Ihe exchange office at Cristobal, and number
of pouches, sacks, and registered sacks, handled by railway mail messengers during the
fiscal year ended June SO, 1913.
Month.
1912.
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913.
January
February
March
April
May
Juno
Total
Pouches.
3,678
3,642
3,690
3,678
4,032
4,547
4,422
4,062
4,411
4,234
4,217
3,997
48,610
Sacks.
1,235
1,114
1,296
1,441
1,241
2,123
1,738
1,384
1,775
1,579
1,864
1,710
18,500
Regis-
tered
saclvs.
373
270
387
497
468
835
541
482
605
438
437
390
5,823
Total
5,386
5,126
5,373
5,616
5,741
7,505
6,701
5,928
6,791
6,251
6,518
6,037
72, 933
Dis-
patches.
123
115
111
115
107
131
112
100
108
113
109
104
1,348
Table 4. — Destination of dispatches of mail by the exchange office at Cristobal during the
fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Destination.
Number
of dis-
patches.
Destination.
Number
of dis-
patches.
New York, by Panama Railroad and
94
61
1
135
26
38
25
25
4
25
26
Dominica
13
United Fruit steamers
26
New Orleans, La. (States' mail)
24
Key West, Fla
15
Jamaica
St. Kjtts
20
Barbados and distribution
22
Trinidad and distribution
St. Vincent .
26
French lines, Colon-Bordeaux, Colon-
Colombia
61
St. Nazaire
85
Martinique
596
Total
Antigua
1 348
British Guiana
Table 5. — Money orders issued, by months, during fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Month.
1912
July—
August
September ,
October
November
December
1913,
January ,
February ,»
March
April
M&Y
Tune ,
Total
Orders
issued.
19, 672
17,066
18,027
18, 656
21,562
22, 972
19, 771
20, 190
20, 014
20, 307
20, 115
19, 964
238, 316
$409,929.00
365,073.51
369,093.11
393, 950. 89
418, 851. 12
423,849.78
422, 076. 28
428,261.99
406, 223. 51
424,112.47
413,3L7.'41
408, 885. 06
4,883,624.13
I'aid and
repaid.
109, 449. 65
87, 887. 66
77, 580. 86
82,348.47
76, 954. 80
80, 174. 51
65, 824. .56
67,435.34
71,677.84
82,617.19
79,073.21
86, 199. 47
967,223.56
Invali-
dated,
paid by
$1,860.00
475. 00
515. 00
52.00
102.65
402. 70
287.00
50.00
76.00
590. 00
275. 00
65.00
4, 750. 35
Fees.
$1,936.12
1,703.92
1,765.75
1,856.68
2,055.78
2,115.44
1,982.68
2,021.93
1,955.65
2,012.54
1,980.48
1,960.15
23,347.12
Average value of orders, S20.49.
480
KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Estimated amount of money orders issued during fiscal year.
On the United States, certain countries and islands S3, 906, 899. : 0
On offices in the Canal Zone 965. 724. Ki
On Costa Rica 2, 000. (;0
On Martinique 9, 000. 00
»
Total amount issued 4, 883, 624. ' "
Table 6. — Amount of money orders, by offices, payable to the remitter and drawn on the
issuing dffice, remaining unpaid on June 30, 1913.
Office.
Ancon
Balboa
Bas Obispo..
Corozal
Cristobal
Cristobal:
Station A
Station B
Culebra
Empire
Amount.
$6,671.
6, 9S5.
4,452.
22,992.
7, 936.
4,501.
1,763.
11,262.
5,900.
Office.
Gatun
Gorgona
Las Cascadas
Matachin
Miraflores
Paraiso
Pedro Miguel
Total..
Amount.
$33,486.00
7, 283. 25
1,422.50
1,751.00
10,079.68
12,279.50
18,089.00
156, 916. 28
Table 7j
-Customs operations at the port of Ancon during the fiscal year ended June 30,
1913.
"Nationality.
Class.
Entering.
Clearing.
Number.
Tonnage.
Number.
Tonnage.
American...
Steam
.. do
91
110
45
26
7
1
1
211,276
164, 845
101,405
51,751
21,572
2,467
451
94
109
45
26
7
1
1
216, 363
British
162, 297
Peruvian
.. do
101, 405
51,751
Chilean
...do
Norwegian
.. do
21,572
German
.. do
2,467
Panaman
do
451
Total
281
553, 767
283
566,306
Number of vessels in port from last year
Tonnage in port from last year
Numlier of vessels remaining in port
Toiuiage remaining in port
Services to American seamen:
Seamen shipped
Seamen discliarged
Seamen deserted
Seamen deceased
Movement of passengers and cargo:
Tons of cargo arriving, in transit
Tons of cargo arriving, local
Numljcr of barrels ofoil arriving, local
Tons of ciirgo departing, in transit
Tons of cargo departing, local
Passengers arriving—
Cabin 4,777
Steerage 1, 888
10, 525
' 4
'6,676
675
781
77
2
240,584
38, 953
846,000
353,682
2,054
Total 6, 665
Passengers departing—
Cabin 4, 972
Steerage 1 , 926
Total
Services to Chinese, Syrians, Turks, Egyptians, etc.:
Chinese arriving
Chinese transferred to other ships
Chinese returned to port of enibarkation
Chinese escaped
Syrians arriving, in transit
Turlcs aiTiving, in transit
Egyptians arriving, in transit
Arabs arriving, in transit
172
10
4
1
61
28
5
4
Pacific Steam Navigation Co. steamship .4rica, tonnage 1,310, made into aiulk May 20, 1913^
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION.
481
Table 8. — Oastoms operations at the port of Cristobal during the fiscal year ended June 30,
1913.
Nationality.
Class.
Entering.
Clearing.
Number.
Tonnage.
Number.
Tonnage.
American
Steam
..do ...
86
73
93
17
1
337,008
210,833
193,379
107,994
488
86
70
93
17
1
338,837
217 7(52
British
Norwegian
...do
193,622
107 994
German
...do
Pannmanian
Schooner. .
488
Total
270
849,702
273
858,703
Number of vessels in port from last year 7
Toimage in port from last year 21, 344
Number of vessels remaimng in port 4
Toimage remaimng in port 12, 343
Services to American seamen:
Seamen shipped 119
Seamen discharged 59
Seamen deserted 27
Seamen deceased 3
Movement of passengers and cargo:
Tons of cargo arriving, in transit 136, 197
Tons of cargo arriving, local 894, 027
Tons of cargo departing, in transit 138, 569
Tons of cai'go departing, local 24, 245
Passengers arriving—
Cabin 10, r,30
Steerage 827
Table 9. — Distillation taxes collected during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Month.
Liters dis-
tilled.
Amount.
1912,
July
August
September
October
November
December
Total
16. 6971
23,504'
14,974
10, 103
17, 132
8,895
5>1,669.75
2,350.40
1,497.40
1,010.30
1,713.20
889.50
91, 305 J
9,130.55
Note.— By Executive order of May 21, 1912, distillation on the Canal Zone ceased on and after January
1, 1913.
Table 10. — Collections on account of saloon licenses during fiscal year ended June 30,
1913.
July 1
, 1912.
Jan. 1, 1913.
Total
Licenses.
Amount.
Licenses.
Amount.
amoimt.
Cristobal
8
21
9
84,800.00
12,600.00
5, 400. 00
8
27
84,800.00
16,200.00
S9,600.00
28,800.00
5,400.00
Empire
Gorgona
Total
38
22,800.00
35
21,000.00
43,800.00
Note.— By Executive order of Sept. 12, 1912, eflective Sept. 22, 1912, the administrative districts of
Empire and Gorgona were consolidated into one district, known as the district of Empire,
11834°— 13 31
482 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table 11. — Land and building rents collected during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Month.
1912.
July
August
September..
October
November..
December. . .
Lands.
35228. 82
340. 40
384. 56
343. 21
414. 18
406. 14
Build-
ings.
$747. 50
450. 25
900. 85
6.31.50
628. 50
664. 53
Total.
$976. 32
790. 65
1,285.41
974. 71
1,042.68
1,070.67
Month.
1913,
January
February . .
March
April
May
June
Total.
Lands.
$543.50
464. 02
182. 75
181.54
83.97
174.97
3, 748. 06
Build-
ings.
$617.97
619. 95
576. 00
621.65
622.50
620. 05
7,701.25
Total.
$1,161.47
1,083.97
758. 75
803. 19
706. 47
795. 02
11,449.31
Table 12. — Statement, by months, of estates of deceased and insane employees adminis-
tered by the administrator of estates during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Number
received.
Numl^or
settled.
Amount
of funds
collected.
On hand unsettled July 1, 1912
1912,
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913
January
February
March
April
May
June
Total for year
26
42
12
17
55
106
$644. 90
2,318.39
1,183.22
2,253.42
2,726.24
2,424.26
3, 063. 81
893.21
3,583.60
2, 726. 48
6, 188. 78
2,117.94
30,124.25
Number of estates remaining unsettled June 30, 1913, 78.
Table 13. — Number and amoxint of postal-savings accounts opened, including those
remaining open on June 30, 1912, at each post office during the fiscal year ended June 30,
1913, together with the number and amount remaining open on June 30, 1913.
Office.
Total num-
ber of ac-
counts
opened.
Number re-
maining
open on
Juno 30,
1913.
Value of cer-
tificates
issued.
Value of cer-
tificates
paid.
Balance
on de-
posit.
Ancon
Balboa
Bas Obispo. --
Corozal
Cristobal
Cristobal:
Station A.
Station B.
Culebra
Empire
Gatun
Gorgona
Las Cascadas.
Matachin
Miraflores
Paraiso
Pedro Miguel.
714
761
82
757
574
38
109
751
502
786
770
491
128
608
465
665
330
288
34
379
202
17
44
302
253
272
223
197
58
254
181
145
$114,789
115,519
19, 664
200, 064
129, 842
8,865
14, 821
118,031
83, 300
180,917
190, 748
97, 947
11,454
06, 432
94, 993
154, 230
$88, 098
97,021
11,621
154, 719
118,310
8,335
10, 455
97, 673
69, 090
152, 476
174. 463
76, 773
6,781
48, 207
67, 393
131,458
$26,691
18, 498
8,043
45,345
11,532
630
4.366
20,358
14,210
28, 441
16,285
21,174
4,673
18,225
27,600
22, 772
Total
Balance at close of fiscal year ended June
30,1912
3,179
1,001,616
1, 312, 873
288,743
356,947
On deposit June 30, 1913.
645, 690
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION".
483
Table 14. — Number and nationalities of postal-savings depositors having open accounts
in Canal Zone post offices on June 30, 1013.
Nationality.
d
o
<
C3
O
i
2
o
n
o
o
O
03
O
5
— "W
c3^
.o a
3°
03
u
O
i
a
c9
O
03
a
o
W)
o
O
C3
•73
03
O
O
1
1
i
0
qa
03
3
i
3
03
i
2
"3
0
1
1
1
1
2
4
9
2
1
2
4
1
9
2
2
1
1
....
13
2
3
33
1
6
1
3
1
2
1
3
1
5
3
25
Chile
2
China
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
3
10
1
1
2
Cuba
1
4
1
....
4
Denmark
3
9
13
2
2
2
10
1
5
1
5
1
1
2
• 4
2
1
3
1
4
England
3
3
2
1
9
10
8
1
59
Finland*
4
8
6
1
3
4
1
2
2
4
1
5
6
8
39
Greece
15
4
1
14
Holland
1
1
3
4
Ireland
5
2
6
6
5
2
2
3
"i"
30
Italy
18
6
33
70
1
Martinique
6
1
6
2
3
20
New Zealand
1
1
1
Norway
1
1
3
4
4
1
12
Panama
1
3
5
1
2
1
4
3
19
Peru
10
Porto Rico
1
Portugal
3
2
1
2
1
4
1
2
5
5
10
2
2
2
2
6
6
"i"
1
7
10
2
7
1
1
177
1
21
1
3
1
3
23
1
25
Spain . . .
42
2
2
40
10
3
17
54
177
Sweden
3
5
3
30
5
Turkey
1
104
iis"
i44"
1
122
"3'
15
4
United States
128
90
18
218
147
12
14
83
999
1,489
Wales
1
West Indies
163
79
9
99
21
18
128
95
39
55
53
117
62
33
992
Total
330
288
34
379
202
17
44
302
253
272
223
197
58
254
181
145
3,179
Appendix II. — Division op Police and Prisons.
Table 15. — Actual strength of stations and substations on June SO, 1913.
Station.
Headquarters
Detective force.
Ancon
Naos Island
Balboa
Sabanas
Corozal
Miraflores
Pedro Miguel..
Empire
Paraiso
Culebra
Las Cascadas. . .
Bas Obispo
Strength.
Station.
Empire— Continued.
Matachin
Gorgona
Frijoles
Cristobal
Monte Lirio
Gatun
Mount Hope
Toro Point
Porto Bello
Colon Hospital. .
Penitentiary
Total
Strength.
24
234
484 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table 16. — Actual strength of division of police and prisons on June 30, 1904-1913.
Official title.
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
Chief of police
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Assistant chief of police
1
Chief clerk
1
1
1
1
1
Senior clerk
1
4
1
4
1
4
1
Clerks
1
1
5
6
8
1
5
4
Copyist
Inspectors . .
2
-
2
2
First lieutenant
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
i
4
3
First-class sergeants
4
4
3
16
98
9
9
15
23
155
6
6
13
59
90
6
2
10
18
108
93
11
18
117
96
1
1
8
20
112
111
8
20
114
115
8
19
114
107
8
Corporals
15
111
75
89
Engineer, police launch
Sailor, police launch
Total
86
132
220
184
242
253
264
270
261
234
Table 17. — Number of arrests, by fiscal years, made in the Canal Zone since organization
of division of police and prisons.
Period.
Arrests.
Period.
Arrests.
June 2, 1904, to June 30, 1905
2,130
3,748
5,831
6,075
6,275
6,947
July 1, 1910, to June 30, 1911
5,959
7,055
July 1, 1905, to June 30, 1906
July 1, 1911, to June 30, 1912
July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1907
July 1, 1912, to June 30, 1913
6,287
Julv 1 1907 to June 30 1908
Total
July 1^ 1908^ to June 30' 1909
50, 307
July 1, 1909, to June 30, 1910
Table 18. — Nuviber of arrests, by months, viade during fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Month.
1912
July
August
September
October
November
December
1913
January
Arrests.
477
522
593
539
661
665
Month.
1913-Continued.
February
March
April
May
June
Total
Arrests with warrant
Arrests without warrant
Arrests.
536
551
483
588
584
6,827
1,877
4,950
Table \9.^Statement of convictions of persons arrested during fiscal year ended June 30,
1913.
1912
July
August
September
October
November
December
Total
arrested.
477
522
593
539
661
665
Convic-
tions.
371
403
464
437
514
528
1913
January
February
March
April
May
June
Total
Total
arrested.
628
536
551
483
588
584
6,827
Convic-
tions.
493
443
446
376
447
455
5,377
DEPARTMENT OP CIVIL ADMINISTRATION. 485
Table 20. — Charges against persons arrested during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Offense.
Abusive language
Accessory to felony
Adultery
Aiding and abetting false per-
sonation
Aiding and abetting in misde-
meanor
Alighting from moving train. . .
Allowing vicious animal at large
Arson
Assault
Assault and battery
Assault with deadly weapon. . .
Assault with intent to commit
crime against nature
Assault with intent to commit
great bodily harm
Assault with intent to commit
rape
Assault with intent to kUl
Attempt to commit assault
Attempt to commit grand lar-
ceny
Attempt to commit murder
Attempt to commit petty lar-
ceny
Atteriipt to commit rape
Att pmpt to defraud
Attempt to rescue prisoner
Attempted burglary
Aticmpled embezzlement
Attempted forgery
Attempted grand larceny
Battery
Bigamy
Boarding moving train
Briui^ing stolen property into
til e Canal Zone
Burjjlary
Circulating obscene literature. . .
Carrying concealed weapons
Causing false arrest
Civil order of arrest
Concealing knowledge of a fel-
ony
Conspiracy
Contempt of court
Crime against nature
Cruelty to animals
Desertion from merchant ships.
Desertion from United States
Army
Desertion from United States
Marine Corps
Desertion from United States
Navy
Destroying public property
Detained for deportation
Detained for investigation
Detained for observation
Detained as witness
Disorderly conduct
Disturbing the peace
Embezzehnent
Escaping from officer
Escaping from jail
Exhibiting weapon in a threat-
ening manner
Extortion
Extradition
False personation
Fightufg
Forgery
Fraud
Gambling
Grand larceny
Having firearms without per-
mit
Ha^'ing stolen property in pos-
session
Male.
Fe-
male.
1
175
1
36
499
51
2
2
1
1
2
4
4
45
1
1
2
1
1
150
1
150
9
61
5
56
1
15
1
3
40
3
76
13
1
1
8
1
2
15
887
440
67
2
1
1
4
10
46
33
74
109
151
38
1
ioi
4
226
113
2
Total.
1
175
1
1
42
600
55
2
2
1
1
2
4
4
45
1
1
2
1
1
155
1
153
11
64
5
56
1
15
1
3
48
3
77
13
1
1
9
1
2
15
1,113
553
69
2
9
1
1
4
10
46
33
74
109
160
38
1
Offense.
Hunting by means of trap gun .
Incest
Indecent exposure
Insanity
Interfering with an officer
Intoxication
Intoxication and disorderly
conduct
Keeping a disorderly house
Keeping a gambling house
Lewd and lascivious cohabita-
tion
Lewdness
Libel
Loitering
Maintaining room for gambling
purposes
Maliciously displacing railroad
switch
Malicious injury to railroad
property
Malicious mischief
Manslaughter
Mayhem
Mendicancy
Murder
Nonsupport
Obscene and indecent language
Obtaining money by false pre-
tenses
Opening letter without authority
Practicing medicine without
license
Peddling around laborers at
work
Petty larceny
Posting notices on buildings
without authority
Purchasing clothing from
United States soldier
Prostitution
Perjury
Rape
Receiving stolen property
Resisting an officer
Returning to Canal Zone after
being deported therefrom
Riding on platform of train
Riding on roof of train
Rioting
Robbery
Soliciting insurance without a
license
Seduction
StraggUng from United States
Army
Straggling from United States
Marine Corps
Straggling from United States
Navy
Threatening to kill
Threats
Trespass
Trespassing on railroad train. . .
Trespassing on watershed
Unauthorized riding on labor
train
Unlawful assembly
Unlawfully occupying land af-
ter being evicted therefrom. . .
Uttering a false and forged in-
strument
Vagrancy
Violating bicycle regulations. . .
Violating building regulations. .
Violatingchaufleurs' ordinance.
Violating coach tariS regula-
tions
Violating impotmding ordi-
nance
Male
IS
15
s
404
358
1
359
15
177
52
1
1
6
29
6
3
6
18
110
15
3
205
22
19
4
30
111
Fe
male.
Total.
408
372
129
2
2
285
1
376
1
7
1
4
2
2
15
177
52
1
1
6
29
6
3
7
18
115
15
3
244
22
22
4
486
EEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table 20. — Charges against persons arrested during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913 —
Continued.
Ofiense.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Offense.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Violating license regulations
Violating liquor regulations
44
39
1
8
21
1
"'"io'
44
49
1
8
21
1
Violating sanitary regulations. .
Violating terms of suspended
230
1
11
8
00
1
290
2
Violating ordinance for the li-
censing and regulation of mo-
Violating speed ordinance for
11
Violating water regulations
Total
8
Violating navigation regula-
6,249
762
7,011
Violating revenue laws
Table 21. — Nationality of persons arrested during fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Nationality.
Argentine Republic
Austria
Belgium
Bolivia
ChUe
China
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Denmark
St. Croix
St. Thomas
Ecuador
Egypt
France
French Guiana
French West Indies —
Guadeloupe
Martinique
St. Martms
Germany
German Southwest Africa
Great Britain:
Australia
British Guiana
Canada
Ceylon
England
India
Ireland
Scotland
British West Indies-
Antigua
Barbados
Bermuda
Crooked Island
Dominica
Fortune Island
Grand Cayman
Grenada
Inagua
Jamaica
Long Island
Number.
3
7
1
1
27
48
293
23
13
2
1
4
14
4
27
7
79
304
5
29
1
3
64
9
1
26
39
13
13
112
,656
10
1
9
61
1
108
1
,328
4
Nationality.
Great Britain — Continued.
BritiSii West Indies — Continued
Montserrat ,
Nevis Island
New Providence
St. Kitts
St. Lucia
St. Vincent
Trinidad
Thks Island
Watluigs Island
Greece
Guatemala
Haiti
Holland
Dutch West Indies
Honduras
Italy
Japan
Liberia ■
Mexico
N icaragua
Norway
Panama
Peru
Portugal
Russia
Finland
Salvador
Santo Domingo
Spain
Canary Islands
Sweden
Switzerland
Tiu-key
Syria
United States
Hawaii
Porto Rico
Venezuela
Total
Number.
38
5
38
26
90
46
130
6
1
100
6
10
2
1
15
112
1
2
28
13
10
583
89
16
3
3
6
1
451
1
8
2
7
3
596
2
13
11
6,827
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION. 487
Table 22. — Arrests, by stations, during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
1912
1913
Total.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June.
25
2
26
33
'"4i'
1
16
15
31
115
11
27
6
5
9
47
2
66
43
15
49
""ie"
19
65
86
12
29
19
10
4
49
"'48'
34
3
33
3
22
25
41
101
15
29
18
4
4
20
1
55
3
112
12
2
2
68
5
55
7
22
35
28
104
17
55
14
13
10
18
54
6
54
"'26'
16
54
128
13
45
8
11
6
64
68
2
31
7
28
15
43
89
28
42
11
2
8
30
1
74
2
119
^\
2
5
81
7
27
3
13
15
60
104
6
28
3
5
4
20
49
5
53
"'36'
14
33
101
13
47
3
8
8
30
29
2
38
1
17
30
51
73
12
3()
6
2
3
21
3
06
4
77
7
""2
07
3
39
1
33
13
00
111
12
40
15
9
0
31
78
"43'
2
32
35
28
133
22
38
8
4
"'ig'
629
Naos Island ....
50
489
25
Corozal . ...
3
18
• 23
78
10
23
9
11
27
42
252
Miraflores
Pedro Miguel...
Empire
250
520
1 226
I'araiso
171
Culebra
Las Cascadas . . .
Bas Obispo
Matachin
Gorgona
Frijoles
439
120
84
89
391
7
73
62
2
100
16
3
27
95
1
55
28
3
4
47
1
94
9
4
5
61
"74'
7
5
7
00
1
57
11
3
7
49
2
66
21
1
3
705
Monte Lirio. .
16
Gatun
87
12
5
3
74
5
9
9
100
13
8
8
1 015
Mount Hope
Tore Point
Porto Bello
162
45
82
Total
477
522
593
539
661
665
628
536
551
483
588
584
6,827
Table 23. — Occupations of persons arrested during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Occupation.
Acrobat
Agents
Attorneys
Bakers
Banker
Barbers
Bartenders
Blacksmiths
Blacksmith's helper. .
Boatman
Boiler makers
Boiler maker's helper
Brakemen
Butchers
Carpenters
Carpenter's helper —
Car repairers
Charcoal burner
Chauffeurs
Checkers
Civil engineers
Clerks
Coachmen
Coal passers
Collectors
Concrete finisher
Conductors
Contractor
Cooks
Cook's helpers
Coppersmith
Cranemen
Dentist's assistant
Distiller
Dishwasher
Diver
Domestics.. .i
Dredgemen
Dressmakers
DriUmen
Druggists
Electricians
Electrician's helper. . .
Engineers
Farmers
Firemen
Number.
2
46
1
17
4
33
1
1
22
1
145
25
155
1
4
1
17
5
7
104
116
5
3
1
18
1
48
3
1
15
1
1
1
1
575
3
15
17
2
3
1
46
256
133
Occupation.
Fishermen
Flagmen
Fo'-emen
Gardener
Goldsmiths
Hostlers
Inspectors
Interpreter
Ironworkers
Janitors
Jewelers
Jockey
Journalist
Laborers
Laundresses
Laiuidry men
Linemen
Liveryman
Machinists
Machinist's helpers
Managers
Manufacturers ....
Marines
Masons
Mattress maker. . .
Merchants
Messmen
Messengers
Midwives
Miners
Missionary
Molders
Musician
No occupation
Nurses
Oilers
Orderlies
Painters
Pantryman
Paymaster
Peddlers
Pharmacist
Photographer
Phvsicians
Pilot
Pipefitters
Number.
3
115
1
4
6
6
1
48
29
4
1
1
3,206
49
3
6
1
79
31
4
2
47
19
1
90
8
26
3
3
1
7
1
350
2
6
4
26
1
1
46
1
1
5
1
11
488
REPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table 23. — Occupations of persons arrested during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913 — •
Continued.
Occupation.
Pitmen
Plasterers
Plumbers
Policemen
Porters
Potter
Povv'dermen
Printers
Prostitutes
Quartermasters
Real-estate operators
Restaurant keepers. .
Riggers
Riveters
Sailors
Salesmen
Saloon keepers
School-teachers
Ships' oiHcers
Shipwright
Shoemakers
Signalman
Occupation.
Soldiers
Stevedore
Stewards
Storekeepers
Superintendent ....
Switch tenders
Tailors
Teamsters
Telegraph operator .
Telephone operators
Timekeepers
Towerman
Trainmaster
Trainmen
Waiters
Waitresses
Watchmen
Water ))oys
Winchmcn
Wreckers
Total
Number.
Table 24.— Ciimes committed by prisoners eonfi.ned in the penitentiary June 30. 1913.
Arson (second degree)
Assault with deadly weapon ,
Assault with mteut to commit crime
against nature
Assault with intent to commit rape
Assault with intent to kill
Attempt at grand larceny
Attempt to commit crime against nature
Attempt to commit rape
Burglary
Burglary:
First degree
Second degree
Crime against nature -.
Embezzlement
Escaping from penitentiary
Number.
Crimes.
False personation
Forgery
Grand larcenj'
Incest
Larceny
Manslaughter
Manslaughter (voluntary)
Murder:
First degree
Second degree
Rape
Returning to Canal Zone after being
deported therefrom
Robbery
Total
Number.
Table 25. — Occupations of prisoners confined in penitentiary June SO. 1913.
Occupation.
Barber
Blacksmith
Boilermaker's helpers
Brakemen
Carpenters
Cigar maker
Clerks
Clerk (postal)
Cooks
Cook's helper
Drill man
Drill press runner
Electrician
Engineer (cableway).
Farmers
Firemen
Fishermen
Goldsmith
Laborers
Merchant
Messenger
Number.
Occupation.
No occupation ,
Painters
Pipe fitter
Pipe fitter's helper. ,
Powder men
Real estate operator
Rivet boy
Riveter
Sailors ,
Salesmen
Soldiers ,
Stevedore
Switchman
Teamsters
Timekeeper ,
Water boys
Winch man
Wireman
Total ,
Number.
133
DEPAKTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTKATION. 489
Table 26. — Nationality of persons confined in the penitentiary June 30, 1913.
Nationality.
Number.
Nationality.
Number.
1
8
2
1
1
1
1
9
2
1
27
2
1
21
1
Great Britain:
British West Indies— Continued.
St. Kitts
Colombia
Cuba
1
Denmark: Danish West Indies — St.
St. Lucia
1
Thomas
1
Ecuador
Trinidad
6
France:
Greece
2
Algeria .,.
Italy
3
French Guiana
Mexico
1
Martinique
Panama .
18
Great Britain:
Peru
2
British Guiana
Spain
3
British West Indies —
Turkey
1
Antigua
United States
14
Barbados
1
Total
Grenada
133
Jamaica
New Providence
Table 27. — Ages of pnsoners confined in penitentiary June 30, 1913.
Age.
10 to 15 years.
15 to 20 years.
20 to 30 years.
30 to 40 years.
40 to 50 years.
50 to 60 years.
Total. .
Black.
113
White.
White
American.
1
5
5
3
3
1
1
1
10
Total.
133
Age of youngest prisoner years. . 13
Age of oldest prisoner do 53
Able to read and write 90
Unable to read or write 43
Table 28. — Causes of deaths investigated by the coroner during fiscal year ended June 30,
1913.
Causes of death.
Apoplexy
Asphyxiation
Blood poisoning
Burns, accidental
Drowning
Drowning, accidental
D j-namite explosion
Electrocution, accidental
Gunshot wound
Homicide
Pneumonia and traumatism
Number.
Causes of death.
Overdose of liquid ammonia
Poisoning by chloride of mercury
Railroad accidents
Suicide . . .-
Traumatism:
Accidental
By fracture of skull
Total
Number.
196
490
KEPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table 29. — Nationality of persons whose deaths were investigated by the coroner during
the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Nationality.
Austria
China
Colombia
Denmark
Danish West Indies-
St. Croix
France
French West Indies
Guadeloupe
Martinique
Germany
Great Britain:
England
British Guiana
British West Indies-
Antigua
Barbados
Grenada
Jamaica
Montserrat
Number.
Nationality.
British West Indies — Continued.
New Providence
St. Kitts
St. Lucia
St. Vincent
Trinidad
Greece
Honduras
Italy
Mexico
Norway
Panama
Peru
Portugal
Spain
Turkey
United States
Unknown
Total
Number.
Table 30. — Statement of accidents involving personal injuries investigated during the
fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Nationality.
Number.
Nationality.
Number.
Austria
1
1
12
1
3
1
6
31
2
1
2
8
17
157
\
9
160
24
4
1
7
British West Indies— Continued.
China
2
Colombia
St. Vincent
12
Cuba
Trinidad
6
Denmark
15
France
Hayti
2
French West Indies-
Guadeloupe
Holland:
2
Martinique
Honduras
2
Germany
Italy .. - .
7
Great Britain:
Mexico
3
England
2
Scotland
Panama
27
British Guiana
Peru
10
British West Indies-
Portugal
3
Antigua
1
Barbados
1
Bermuda
Fortune Island
Spain
Turkey
United States
36
1
Grenada
80
Jamaica
2
Montserrat
Venezuela
3
Total
New Providence
670
St. Kitts
Of the above cases, 465 were Isthmian Canal Commission employees, 73 Panama Railroad Co. employees,
59 McCliatic-Marshall Construction Co. employees, 1 American Bridge Co. employee, and 72 nonemployccs.
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION.
491
Appendix III. — Division of Public Works.
Table 31. — Consumption of water and collections made in the city of Panama for the
fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.
Quarter ending —
Paying
connec-
tions.
Consumption per quarter.
Private.
Public
hydrants
and taps.
Total.
Daily
average
consump-
tion.
Sept. 30, 1912.
Dee. 31, 1912..
Mar. 31, 1913..
June 30, 1913..
1,990
2,015
2,034
2,060
Gallons.
109,915,650
111,401,000
129, 672, 750
127,631,000
Gallons.
31,380,600
40,933,000
46,232,250
29,904,000
Gallons.
141,296,250
152,334,000
175,905,000
157, 535, 000
Gallons.
1,535,828
1,655,804
1,954,500
1,731,153
Total for year.
478,620,400
148,449,850
627,070,250
1,718,000
Quarter ending —
Sept. 30, 1912
Dec. 31, 1912
Mar. 31, 1913
June 30, 1913
Total for year
Amount col-
lected from
private
consumers.
$23, 813. 35
29, 272. 45
28,641.95
1 32, 583. 75
114,311.50
Total reve-
nue as per
agreement.
$23, 813. 35
29, 272. 45
28,641.95
1 32, 583. 75
114,311.50
Average con-
sumption
per private
coimection
per quarter.
Gallons.
55, 233
55, 285
63, 752
61,956
236, 226
Average
private
quarterly
bUl.
$11.96
14.52
14.08
15.81
56.37
' Net amount of bills for quarter.
Table 32. — Consumption of water and collections made in the city of Colon for the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1913.
Consumption per quarter.
Quarter ending-
Paymg
connec-
tions.
Private.
Panama
R. R. res-
ervation.
Isthmian
Canal Com-
mission
hospital
and quar-
antine
station.
Public
hydrants
and taps.
Total.
Average
daily con-
sumption.
Sept. 30, 1912
751
795
821
Gallons.
44, 793, 850
44,668,000
46 n7.'^ !\F>C)
Gallons.
8, 020, 050
9, 304, 000
9,813,000
11,044,500
Gallons.
4,410,000
3, 793, 000
3,971,250
3,401,250
Gallons.
57 '*62 8''5
Gallons.
Gallons.
1,246,594
1,244,750
1,294,132
Dec. 31, 1912
56^752' 000 Ih! 517,' 000
56,614,132 116,471,932
Mar. 31, 1913
Jime30, 1913
851 491397^400
Total for year.
184, 932, 800
38,181,550
15, 575, 500
204,016,057 442,706,507
1,212,894
Quarter
ending-
Amount
collected
from
private
consumers.
Amount
collected
from
Panama
R. R.
Amount
collected
from
Isthmian
Canal
Commis-
sion.
Amoimt
paid or to
be paid
liy Pana-
man Gov-
ernment.
Total
revenue
per quarter.
Average
consump-
tion per
private
connec-
tion.
Average
private
quarterly
bill.
Cost per
hydrant.
Sept. .30, 1912...
Dec. 31, 1912...
Mar. 31, 1913...
June 30, 1913...
$16,1.59.85
• 18, 124. 95
17,978.85
1 19,834.40
$2, 406. 60
2,791.20
2,944.20
3, 313. 80
$1,323.00
1,137.90
1,191.60
1,020.60
$3,740.56
3,620.18
2,314.31
$23,630.01
25,674.23
24,428.96
24, 168. 80
Gallons.
59, 045
56, 186
56,118
58,046
$21.51
22.79
21.89
23.30
$43.49
42.09
26.91
Total for
year
72,098.05
11,455.80
4,673.10
9, 675. 05
97,902.00
229,995
89.49
112. 49
1 Net amount of bills per quarter.
492 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Appendix IV. — Division of Schools.
T.A.BLE 33. — Net monthly enrollment ' and average daily attendance.
White schools.
Monthly
enroll-
ment.
Average
daily at-
tendance.
Colored schools.
Monthly
enroll-
ment.
Averape
daily at-
tendance.
1912.
October ,
November
December
1913.
January
February
March
April
May
June
1,157
1,202
1,241
1,301
1,319
1,334
1,350
l,3r,4
1,309
1,031.1
1,029.9
1,025.0
1,050.3
1,040.6
1,034.4
1,009.6
99S. 5
940. 0
1,042
1,130
1,165
1,364
1,417
1,470
1,523
1,508
1,580
748.5
742.6
780.5
786. 7
809. 6
819.3
797.6
730. 3
706.6
1 Enrollments are net; enrollments given in this table in reports of preceding j-ears were gross.
Table 34. — Total enrollment for the year, by schools.
White schools:
Ancon high 39
Empire high 36
Gatun high 23
Grades —
Ancon 304
Corozal 49
Pedro Miguel 98
Paraiso 38
Culebra 79
Empire 2.52
Las Cascadas 85
Bas Obispo 32
White schools — Continued.
Grades — Com iniied .
Gorgona 172
Gatun 180
CrLstobal 278
Toro Point 13
Porto Bello 24
Total (gross) 1, 702
Total for all colored schools (gross) l,Ki5
Total gross enrollment 3, 537
Table 3-5. — Enrollment by grades.
White.
Colored.
Total.
Grade I
315
203
191
152
146
132
S3
54
52
25
6
10
577
401
316
144
lUl
34
7
892
Grade II
604
Grade III
507
Grade IV
296
Grade V
247
Grade VI
166
Grade VII
90
Grade VIII
54
Grade IX
62
Grade X
25
Grade XI ...
6
GradeXII
10
Total
1,369
1,580
2,949
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION.
Table 36. — Number of teacheru employed.
493
1912
October '.
November
December
1913,
January
Fcbniary
March . .".
April
May
Juiie
White
Colored
schools.
schools.
40
29
45
29
47
31
47
31
47
31
46
31
46
32
47
32
47
32
Total.
Sickness of teachers.
Number of days.
White.
Colored.
Total.
1912.
October
23.5
34.0
20.5
16.5
58.5
24.5
76.0
32.5
26.0
23.5
November . .
34.0
December
20.5
1913.
Januarv
3.5
3.0
.5
20 0
February
61 5
March . .'.
25.0
A oril
76 0
May
J uiio
3.0
35.5
26 0
Total
312.0
10.0
322 0
Table .37. — Valite of products raised in school garden.
Unit.
Quantity.
Price.
Proceeds.
Papaya
Each
328
90
686
688
225
102
342
340
Cents.
25
35
10
15
3
5
10
5
$82.00
31 50
Banana
Bunches
Pounds
do
Tomato
68 00
Beans
103 20
Lettuce
Bunches
do
6 75
Turnips
5 10
Okra
Dozen
Pounds
34 20
Cabbage
17 00
Total
348 35
494 EEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Appendix V. — Canal Zonp: Funds.
Table 38. — Revenues collected from July 1, 1912, to June 30, 1913.
On account of—
Administrative districts.
Total.
Ancon.
Empire.
Gorgona.
Cristobal.
$22.50
638. 40
141. 75
3,617.75
595.05
S231. 30
3, 078. 00
141. 75
3, 666. 50
595.05
202.00
1,069.50
3,110.35
39.33
33.34
11, 138. 37
40.00
3, 174. 60
2.50
S52.50
148. 40
61.75
417. 00
74.50
S147.00
1,512.40
141. 75
$453. 30
5,377.20
487.00
7,701.25
595.05
1,859.65
202.00
426. 00
3, 110. 35
39.34
33.33
7,252.52
20.50
305.99
4.00
794. 50
3,110.33
39.33
33.33
7,266.04
20.00
2,310.50
9, 637. 02
122.00
100.00
566.34
20,223.27
60.00
3,331.70
2.50
2,624.35
9, 130. 55
2.50
140. 75
49.60
502. 08
389. 31
10,862.57
69.90
257. 40
502. 67
1,681.10
634. 28
50.00
2,310.00
30.83
489. 40
129.20
109.94
47.41
403. 60
4, 800. 00
1,693.60
1,801.98
177. 13
11.00
68. 22
287. 66
7.00
1,294.50
902. 06
14,282.64
7.50
140. 75
49. 60
502.08
389.29
10,862.57
413. 38
414.20
502. 65
756.60
324.05
50.00
1,524.00
30.83
27.00
92.40
83.12
47.41
241.20
502.09
389.28
10,862.58
3,221.42
3,057.10
502. 67
4,029.71
390.05
50.00
4,227.50
30.84
784.40
80.80
122. 01
47.43
552. 40
16,600.00
3,966.80
2,076.12
177. 14
6.00
127.37
287. 66
14.42
8,357.50
902. 07
17,960.95
128.75
12.50
60.05
27.25
100.40
120. 88
178. 90
85.40
1,635.00
1,180.38
32, 647. 77
3,731.95
3,829.10
1,628.87
Merchandise and drugs
6,646.31
1,633.78
150.00
Peddling
167.50
2.50
2.50
8,229.00
95.00
1,303.30
Poll tax
302.40
15.50
1.75
29.80
330. 57
141.00
1,227.00
21,400.00
676.40
3, 147. 70
177.13
206.40
189.60
6,543.20
7,215.40
531.40
17.00
7.67
287.65
26.34
87.50
902. 00
2, 038. SO
13.13
9.25
216. 39
School tuition, lost or damaged books
872. 22
47.76
Slaughter tax
75.50
32. 30
11.50
9,815.00
Steamboat inspection
2, 738. 55
34,293.89
Total
42,823.22
106,048.80
'5,746.75
57,648.06
212,266.83
100,451.79
466.20
52.20
23,347.12
19.19
Total
330, 003. 33
Consolidated with Empire district Sept. 1, 1912.
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION.
Table 39. — Expcndilinrs/rom July 1, 1912, to June SO. 1913.
495
On account of —
Administrative districts.
Total.
Ancon.
Empire.
Gorgona.
Cristobal.
PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS.
Roads and trails:
Const niction
$5,059.84
23,859.78
$32,724.47
14,780.05
98.84
539. 23
765.41
$3,960.98
2,673.59
$41,745.29
41 313 42
Maintenance
Market houses:
. Construction
98 84
8.67
580. 17
91.47
19. 15
495. 17
567 05
Operation
$02. 19
1 902 94
Slausbterhouses:
Construction
91 47
Maintenance
54.71
484.56
1,042.49
1,811.60
7, 000. 00
891.07
281.95
54 71
Operation
530.41
13.93
2.82
5,500.00
16.73
62.18
483.09
475.30
724. 44
5,500.00
286. 86
22.35
227. 70
1,144.21
21,206.47
1,359.15
491.82
1,863.10
3, 192. 22
4,387.09
560. 49
1,074.00
1,891.31
1,560.24
1 531 72
Waterworks and sewers:
2,539.86
18,000 00
Sanitation native village, maintenance ....
Street lighting
1 194 66
Miscellaneous public works, maintenance. .
304. 30
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Schoolhouses:
Construction
1,626.01
594. 46
21,206.45
982. 91
466. 88
2, 268. 71
3,617.23
4,387.09
742. 53
1,090.30
3,894.98
1,853 71
Maintenance
529. 29
21,206.47
2, 204. 72
636. 17
2,0.37.94
3, 643. 29
4,387.09
574. 78
1,080.50
4,042.76
2, 267. 96
65,431.75
4,564.73
1 594 87
Salaries— superintendent, teachers, clerks . .
1,812.36
18.00
Furniture and equipment
Stipplies
6 169 75
Traveling and miscellaneous expenses
MAINTENANCE ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICTS.
Salaries district judges
1.71
607. 08
10, 454. 45
13, 768. 35
1 877 80
Supplies and miscellaneous
Zone charity cases, maintenance
3,244 80
District prisoners, maintenance
9, 829. 05
Total
76,542.37
100, 817. 39
12,563.52
52,038.49
231,961.77
750 00
CONTINGENT EXPENSES.
Gratuity penitentiary prisoners
Miscellaneous
586. 37
POSTAL SERVICE.
Purchase of stamps
34,363.11
Transportation of mails:
Isthmus
'
13,990 00
27,859.11
10 357 68
Miscellaneous expenses
Transfer to Isthmian Canal Commission as
reimbursement in part for salaries paid . .
55, 000. 00
Total
374,868.04
1 Consolidated with Empire district Sept. 1, 1912.
Table 40. — Statement of balances in the Canal Zone treasury on June SO, 1913.
Public improvements and schools $216, 676. 46
Miscellaneous and contingent 7, 396. 87
Postal receipts, 1913 13, 260. 42
Total 237,333.75
496
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Appendix VI. — Business Transacted in the Courts of the Canal Zone DuiUNn
THE Fiscal Year Ended Tune 30, 1913.
Table 41. — Supreme co^irt.
Criminal
cases.
CivU
cases.
Criminal
cases.
CivU
cases.
Pending July 1, 1912
1
4
2
2
2
22
12
3
Withdrawn
3
Pending June 30, 1913
1
6
Number of sessions of court 2R
Number of attorneys admitted 9
Collections:
Civil cases $216.00
Miscellaneous 5. 00
Table 42. — First circuit court.
CRIMINAL CASES. •»
Months.
Cases pending July 1 .
July
August
September
October
November
December
1912.
January . .
February .
March
April
May
June
Total.
Cases
filed.
Con-
victed.
157
Acquit-
ted.
Dis-
missed.
Total col-
lections
(fines).
810.00
185.00
55.00
13.00
236.00
60.00
25.00
94.00
57.00
49.00
71.00
26.00
881.00
Forfeitures
Cases pending June 30, 1913.
CIVIL CASES.
Cases pending July 1, 1912.
Cases filed
Cases settled
Cases pending June 30, 1913 .
Costs.
Proceeds from marriage licenses, recording fees, notarial fees, and miscellaneous fees.
8800
1
133
1559
1553
139
$332.00
1,245.20
Including probate cases.
DEPAKTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION.
497
Table 43. — Second circuit court.
CRIMINAL CASES.
Months.
Cases pending July 1 .
July
August
September
October
November
December
1912.
January . .
February.
March
April
May
June
Total.
Cases
filed.
165
Con-
victed.
118
Acquit-
ted.
Dis-
missed.
Total col-
lections
(fines).
S42.00
90.00
45.00
49.00
15.00
75. (M)
125.00
130. 00
450. 00
85.00
120.00
1,226.00
Forfeitures
Cases pending June 30, 1913 .
Cases pending July 1, 1912.
Cases filed
CIVIL CASES.
$50
2
157
191
Cases settled 1 119
Cases pending June 30, 1913 J 29
Costs $1, 030. 63
Proceeds from marriage licenses, recording fees, notarial fees, and miscellaneous fees SI, 337. 02
Table 44. — Third circuit court.
CRIMINAL CASES.
Months.
Cases
filed.
Con-
victed.
Acquit-
ted.
Dis-
missed.
Collections.
Fines.
Costs.
Total.
1912.
Cases pending July 1
6
20
10
15
11
11
8
12
8
13
17
11
12
July
August
6
12
7
7
10
6
7
4
5
7
14
9
2
2
1
3
14
3
1
7
1
1
2
5
1
1
20
32
$25.00
45.00
14.00
103.00
250.00
65.00
28.00
$26.00
$51.00
45 00
September
14.00
October
103 00
November
250 00
December
1
1
3
2
5
1
4
65 00
1913.
January
17.00
24.00
45.00
24 00
February
March
April
May
33.00
13.00
46.00
June
Total
154
94
25
34
503.00
80.00
643.00
1 Two forfeitures, $225.
Cases pending June 30, 1913
2 One change of venue.
3
One forfeit
ure of $100
1
Cases pending July 1, 1912
CIVIL CASES.
1 37
Cases filed
1 81
Cases settled
1 78
Cases pending June 30, 1913
1 40
Costs
$400. 00
$1,274.25
Proceeds from marriage licenses,
recording fees, notarial fees, an
d miscellai
leous fees.
11834° 13 32
iL
acluding p
robate case
s.
498
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table 45. — District court, district of Ancon.
CRIMINAL CASES.
Months.
Cases
filed.
Con-
victed.
Acquit-
ted.
Commit-
ted to
circuit
court.
Dis-
missed.
Collections.
Fines.
Costs.
Total.
1912.
Pending July 1
July
1
87
132
201
167
220
196
188
190
179
158
224
206
62
96
165
132
147
154
145
155
137
111
175
154
14
17
22
15
30
19
24
14
21
17
20
2a
7
18
13
15
37
13
12
15
7
26
26
28
3
2
2
3
8
9
8
6
9
19
2
i
S430. 00
510. 50
530. 00
528. 50
698. 00
541.50
618. 00
669. 50
757. 00
206. 00
796. 00
593. 00
$430.00
510. 50
September
$2. 50
37.60
1.30
532. 50
October
566. 10
November
699. 30
541. 50
•
1913.
2.20
9.20
2.50
620. 20
678. 70
March
759.50
206.00
796.00
June
2.50
595. 50
Total . .. .
2,149
1,633
236
217
62
6,878.00
57.80
6,935.80
1 1 change of venue, and 3 were cases of defendants held as witnesses.
Forfeitures
Cases pending June 30, 1913.
CIVIL CASES.
Cases pending July 1, 1912.
Cases filed
Cases settled
Cases pending June 30, 1913.
Costs
Miscellaneous .
Table 46. — District court, district of Empire.^
CRIMINAL CASES.
$10
1
9
185
174
20
$202. 55
$7.07
Cases
filed.
Con-
victed.
Acquit-
ted.
Commit-
ted to
circuit
court.
Dis-
missed.
Collections.
Months.
Fines.
Costs.
Total.
1912.
Pending July 1
July
1
209
228
221
201
236
290
215
166
213
161
234
234
156
171
159
156
187
228
161
122
151
124
165
174
33
37
37
31
39
45
31
21
32
24
50
44
12
10
10
13
9
12
12
22
27
11
18
12
6
8
16
23
2
35
*7
3
3
2
4
4
$760. 50
850. 50
844.00
761. 50
1,050.50
1,737.50
1,060.50
727. 50
954. 25
562. 00
929. 00
1,003.50
$760.50
August
$2.80
853. 30
844.00
761.50
1,0.50.50
1,737.50
1913.
1,060.50
727.50
954.25
562.00
929.00
1,003.50
Total
2,609
1,954
424
168
63
11,241.25
2.80
11,244.05
1 Includes cases handled in the Gorgona district court to Sept. 22, 1912, the administrative district of
Gorgona on that date being "incorporated into the administrative district of Empire for all judicial,
administrative, and political purpo.ses" under Executive order of the President of Sept. 12, 1912. effective
Sept. 22, 1912.
2 1 forfeiture.
8 2 forfeitures and 1 change of venue.
* 2 forfeitures.
Forfeitures 8^25
CIVIL CASES.
Cases pending July 1, .1912 10
Cases filed 262
Cases settled ^"°
Cases pending June 30, 1913 _„. 4
Costs ^^^- "1
Miscellaneous 13. 00
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION.
499
Table 47. — District court, district of Cristobal.
CRIMINAL CASES.
Months.
Cases
filed.
Con-
victed.
Ac-
quitted.
Commit-
ted to
circuit
court.
Dis-
missed.
Total
collec-
tions
(fines).
1912.
2
189
156
178
188
187
180
199
144
149
145
130
143
July .
123
91
125
128
127
122
139
98
108
85
88
92
30
37
28
30
26
33
28
26
23
26
31
30
19
12
7
17
14
6
9
11
9
17
8
17
14
17
15
19
16
20
24
10
11
11
6
5
$689. 00
August . .
332. 00
707.00
483. 50
780. 00
586. 00
1913.
756. 00
February
443.00
568.00
329. 00
Mav
396.00
June .
396.00
Total
1,990
1,326
348
146
168
6, 465. 50
Forfeitures
Cases pending June 30, 1913.
CIVIL CASES.
Cases pending July 1, 1912.
Cases filed.
$495
2
231
Cases settled 226
Cases pending June 30, 1913 11
Costs J305. 54
Appendix VII. — Legislation.
No. 1.
Ordinance policing on trains.
Be it ordained by the Isthmian Canal Commission:
Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person not in the employ of the Isthmian
Canal Commission or the Panama Rail Road Company to ride on any labor train
without written authority of the chairman and chief engineer of the Isthmian Canal
Commission or the head of a department or division of the Isthmian Canal Commis-
sion or Panama Rail Road Company. Any person thus offending shall be fined not
less than five dollars nor more than twenty-five dollars for each offense.
Sec. 2. It shall be unlawful for any persons except members of a train crew, and
construction and transportation officials and employees engaged in the performance
of their duties, to Jump off or on a railroad locomotive, car, or train while same is in
motion, or to ride on the roof or platform of a car of such train. Any person thus
offending shall be fined not to exceed ten dollars for each offense.
Sec. 3. This ordinance shall take effect thirty days after its approval by the Secre-
tary of War.
Enacted by the Isthmian Canal Commission July 18, 1912.
Approved by the Secretary of War August 6, 1912.
No. 2.
Ordinance license tax for the operation of coaches, carts, etc.
Be it enacted by the Isthmian Canal Commission: That paragraph (a), section 7,
of the ordinance entitled "Regulations providing for certain taxes and licenses in the
Canal Zone, other than for the sale of intoxicating liquors," enacted by the Isthmian
Oanal Commission June 9, 1908, and approved by the Secretary of War June 30, 1908,
as said paragraph (a) was amended by ordinance enacted by said commission August
500 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
25, 1910, and approved by the Acting Secretary of War October 31, 1910, and as said
paragraph now reads, be, and the same is hereby, amended so as to read as follows:
Sec. 7. (a) For the operation or employment of public vehicles not drawn or pro-
pelled by steam, gasoline, electricity, or other motor power, the following license
taxes shall be charged and collected, to wit: For each coach, carriage, or other con-
veyance employed in the transportation of passengers for hire, one dollar and twenty-
five cents ($1.25) per month; for each cart, dray, wagon, or other conveyance em-
ployed in the transportation of freight, merchandise, or other property for hire, or
employed by any merchant in the transportation of merchandise, two dollars and fifty
cents ($2.50) per month for each two-wheeled vehicle, and five dollars ($5) per month
for each four-wheeled vehicle: Provided, hoivever. That if no license taxes or charges
are imposed or collected in the Republic of Panama for the employment therein
of vehicles of the character in this paragraph (a) named, or of either class thereof,
which are duly licensed in the Canal Zone, to residents thereof, for employment
therein, there shall not be imposed or collected in the Canal Zone any license taxes
or charges for the employment therein of like vehicles which are duly licensed in
the Republic of Panama, to residents thereof, for employment in said Republic.
Enacted by the Isthmian Canal Commission October 15, 1912.
Approved by the Secretary of War October 26, 1912.
Ordinance to amend rules 90 and 91 of the ^' Rules for the navigation of the Panama Canal
and approaches thereto, including all waters under the jurisdiction of the Isthmian
Canal Commission," enacted by the Isthmian Canal Commission December 5, 1910,
and approved by the Secretary of War December 21, 1910.
Be it ordained by the Isthmian Canal Commission as follows:
Section 1. Rule 90 of the "Rules for the navigation of the Panama Canal and
approaches thereto, including all waters under the jurisdiction of the Isthmian Canal
Commission," enacted by the Isthmian Canal Commission December 5, 1910, and
approved by the Secretary of War December 21, 1910, is hereby amended so that the
same shall read as follows:
Rule 90. (a) Hereafter it shall be imlawful for any person to na\'igate upon the
waters of the Canal Zone, for the transportation of passengers for hire, any boat pro-
pelled by sail or oars imtil same, upon application of its master or owner, has been
inspected by the board of local inspectors and until there has been issued by said
board a certificate based upon such inspection setting forth the following matters,
viz: A brief description of the boat, including a statement of its tonnage; the fact that
such inspection has been made and that the boat is seaworthy and is safe and suitable
for the transportation of passengers; the total number of passengers and crew which
may be carried thereon; the life-saving and other equipment which shall be carried
thereon; and the portions of the waters of the Canal Zone upon which, and the routes
over which, the boat may navigate. Such certificate shall be valid for one year next
following the date of its issuance unless during that period said board shall determine
that the boat certificated becomes unseaworthy or unsafe or unsuitable for the carriage
of passengers; in either of which cases said board shall have the power, and it shall
become its duty, to revoke such certificate. Said board shall also have the authority
to make, during the period covered by any such certificate, any inspection or examina-
tion of any such boat to determine any question of its seaworthiness or of its safety
and suitability for the transportation of passengers. Said certificate shall be carried
on the boat for which same was issued, suitably framed and displayed and protected
from the weather, and shall be always open to the inspection of the ('anal Zone
authorities. After any such boat shall have been inspected and certificated as afore-
said, it shall be unlawful for any person to navigate same upon the waters of the Canal
Zone if any of the equipment named in said certificate is not carried thereon or if the
number of passengers and crew carried thereon shall exceed the total number named
in the certificate or if such navigation is upon portions of the waters of the Canal Zone
or over routes not designated in said certificate. The master or owner of any such
vessel may, within ten days after said board renders any decision or takes any action
upon any question involving the inspection or certification of any such boat or the
revocation of any such certificate, appeal to the head of the department of civil
administration, who may thereupon modify or set aside the action of said board,
and he shall certify his ruling to said board for its observance in each case.
(6) It is hereby made the duty of the collector of revenues to demand and receive
from the owner or master of each such vessel the following compensation for such
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION. 501
inspection and certification, in addition to any other fees wliich may now or hereafter
be allowed by law for issuing enrolments and licenses:
For each vessel of less than fifteen (15) gross tons $5. 00
For each vessel of fifteen (15) gross tons and over and not exceeding one hundred
( 100) gross tons 10. 00
For each and every gross ton in excess of one hundred (100) gross tons 05
The fees herein provided for shall be for the use and benefit of the Canal Zone
government.
Sec. 2. Rule 91 of said "Rules for the navigation of the Panama Canal and ap-
proaches thereto, including all waters under the jurisdiction of the Isthmian Canal
Commission, " is hereby amended to read as follows:
Rule 91. Any boat, vessel, scow, raft, or other craft used or employed in violating
any of the provisions of rules 33, 46, 49, 51, 60, and 89 shall be liable for all damages
that may be done to the plant of the Istnmian Canal Commission, and said boat,
scow, raft, or other craft may be proceeded against summarily by way of libel in the
Canal Zone circuit courts.
Sec. 3. This ordinance shall take effect thirty (30) days after its approval by the
Secretary of War.
Enacted by the Isthmian Canal Commission December 16, 1912.
Approved by the Secretary of War January 13, 1913.
Ordinance providing for the licensing of navigators of motor boats.
Be it enacted by the Isthnaian Canal Commission as follows:
Section 1. That for the purpose of this ordinance any boat or vessel operated by
means of gas, gasoUne, naphtha, or other like fluid, or by electricity, shall be deemed
a motor boat.
Sec. 2. That hereafter it shall be unlawful for any person to navigate or operate
in the waters of the Canal Zone any motor boat without first having obtained a license
to navigate motor boats as in this ordinance provided, such license to be known as
a navigator's license for motor boats.
Sec. 3. Any person desiring to navigate motor boats in the waters of the Canal
Zone shall first make written application to the board of local inspectors of the Canal
Zone, stating his nationality, age, and character of experience in the operation of
motor boats and gasoline and electric machinery; and shall also have his application
endorsed by two reputable citizens of the Canal Zone or of the cities of Colon or
Panama, Republic of Panama, vouching for his sobriety and trust wortliiness. The
board of local inspectors shall thereupon examine the applicant touching his knowledge
of the use of gasoline, gas, naphtha, and other like fluids, and electricity, in the opera-
tion of motors and machinery, and of the mechanism and operation of motor boats,
as well as upon his knowledge of the English or Spanish language, and upon the laws
and regulations of the Canal Zone relating to the navigation of the aforesaid waters
and to the operation of motor boats and other vessels upon said waters. In order
to determine the skill of any applicant, said board may requii"e him to make a practical
demonstration thereof. If the applicant is found to be competent, the board shall
determine whether his knowledge, skill, and experience are such as to qualify him
for the navigation, in Canal Zone waters, of motor boats of any tonnage, or of those
only of less than 15 gross tons each.
Sec 4. No person shall be granted such license unless he is not less than 18 years
of age, is of sober habits, is able to read either the English or Spanish language, and
unless he shall prove to the satisfaction of the board of local inspectors that he has
the knowledge, skill, and judgment necessary for the safe and skilful operation and
navigation of motor boats.
Sec 5. The board of local inspectors shall meet at Ancon, Cristobal, or at such
other points in the Canal Zone as it may designate, at such times as may be con-
venient to it and to the applicants for such licenses, and shall examine such ap-
plicants. The board shall keep a careful record of all such applications, and of its
action thereon, together with any papers submitted in connection with such applica-
tions and examinations.
Sec. 6. Upon the completion of an examination as herein provided for, the board
of local inspectors shall make a report to the head of the department of ci^dl adminis-
tration showing whether the applicant is competent under the provisions of this
ordinance to operate motor boats in the waters of the Canal Zone, and if the board's
502 REPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
report is to the effect that the applicant is thus competent, the head of the department
of civil administration shall issue to the applicant a license as follows:
(a) If the report of said board shows the applicant to be competent to navigate in
the aforesaid waters motor boats of any tonnage, the license shall be in form substan-
tially as follows:
The Government of the Canal Zone.
navigator's license for motor boats of any tonnage.
No.—.
Whereas it has been reported to me by the board of local inspectors that ■
has given satisfactory evidence that he is a skilful navigator of motor boats of any
tonnage, and can be entrusted to perform the duties of navigator of motor boats of any
tonnage in the waters of the Canal Zone, he is therefore licensed to act as such navi-
gator until such time as this license may, for cause, be revoked.
Witness my hand this day of — , 19 — .
'. '
Head of the Department of Civil Administration
Countersigned :
Chairman Board of Local Inspectors.
(b) If the report of such board shows the applicant to be competent to navigate only
motor boats of less than fifteen gross tons each, the license shall be in substantially
the same form as the license described in (a), except that it shall only authorize the
licensee to navigate in the aforesaid waters motor boats of less than fifteen gross tons
each.
Sec. 7. Coincident with the issuance of any navigator's license herein provided for,
the collector of revenues, upon the direction of the head of the department of civil
administration, shall deliver to the licensee a metal check or badge having stamped
thereon the serial number of the licensee's license and the words and letters "Navi-
gator's license, C. Z." It shall be the duty of each person holding such license to wear
or carry with him said check or badge when he is operating any motor boat in the
waters of the Canal Zone. For such badge and license, each such licensee shall pay
to the collector of revenues one dollar ($1), same to become a part of the revenues of
the Canal Zone government. Upon the request of any Canal Zone police officer any
such licensee, while in charge of any motor boat in the waters of the Canal Zone, shall
exhibit such badge. In addition to wearing such badge, the licensee shall have
framed and carried on any motor boat which he may be navigating the license issued
to him as aforesaid .
Sec. 8. The said navigator's license shall continue in force until it may be revoked
for cause, as herein provided for. It shall be unlawful for any person who does not
hold a license for the navigation in Canal Zone waters of any motor boat of any tonnage
to navigate in said waters any motor ]>oat of fifteen gross tons or over.
Sec. 9. The head of the department of civil administration is hereby given the right
to revoke any license issued under the provisions of this ordinance when it shall appear
to him that the holder thereof, because of drunkenness or lack of skill in operating
motor boats, should not be further entrusted with the operation of such boats in the
waters of the Canal Zone.
Sec. 10. Any person who operates a motor boat in or upon the waters of the Canal
Zone without first having obtained a license as herein provided for, or without com-
plying with any other requirement of this ordinance applicable to him, shall be guilty
of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine not to exceed
five hundred dollars ($500), or by imprisonment in the district jail f')r not more than
six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court.
Enacted by the Isthmian Canal Commission, December 16, 1912.
Approved by the Secretary of War, January 13, 1913.
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION.
503
Appendix VIII. — Steamboat-Inspection Sekvice.
Table 48. — Licenses issued by the hoard of local inspectors during the fiscal year ended
June 80, 1913.
Masters' licenses:
Masters of steam launches 3
Masters of towboats 6
Masters of self-propelling hopper barges 11
Master of steam vessels, less than 100 tons 1
Masters of ladder dredges 13
Masters of suction dredges 2
Masters of dipper dredges 5
41
Engineers' licenses:
Chief and second engineers of self-propelling barges 23
Chief and second engineer of towboats 1
Chief, second, and third engineers of seagoing dredges and engineers of all classes of dredges 21
Chief, second, third, and fourth engineers of ships, any tonnage 7
Engineers of launches 6
58
Mates' licenses:
Mates of self-propelling hopper barges .
Mates of dredges, all classes
22
Pilots' licenses:
Pilots of towboats 6
Pilot of passenger and cargo steamers, less than 500 tons 1
Pilots of passenger and cargo steamers, any tonnage 81
209
Table 49. — Statement of collections for steam-vessel inspection for fiscal year ended June
SO, 1913.
Month.
Number of
inspections.
Amount.
1912
July
August ,
September
October ,
November
December
1913
January ,
February
March
April
May
June
Total ,
$40.00
89.45
CO. 00
20.00
260. 00
85.15
50.00
259. 05
763.60
C29. 10
40.00
442. 20
Classes and tonnage of vessels inspected.
Number.
Tons.
14
4
56
42,900.00
705.96
Tugs
Launches
411.26
Total
74
44,017.22
Note. — Under an Executive order approved Jan. 13, 1913, effective 30 days thereafter, the charge for
inspection of vessels of less than 15 gross tons was fixed at $5.
;o4
EEPOKT ISTHMIAN- CANAL COMMISSION.
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508
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
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510
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table 52. — Statement of receipts and disbursements, July 1, 1912, to June 30, 1913.
[Includes revenues, postal and tnist funds.]
Balance on hand-
July 1, 1912.
June 30, 1913.
On deposit with—.
Commercial National Bank, Washington, call account
Riggs National Bank, Washington —
Call account
Checking account
International Bank, Panama, Republicof Panama, checking account.
Cash in vault at Empire, Canal Zone
§528,310.57
799,490.62
44,378.72
33,879.77
S738,929.58
1,000,000.00
239,571.20
46, 517. 37
78,251.11
Total.
1,406,059.68
2,103,269.32
Receipts. Disbursements.
July, 1912
August, 1912...
September, 1912
October, 1912...
November, 1912
December, 1912.
January, 1913..
February, 1913.
March, 1913....
April, 1913
May, 1913
June, 1913
Total
$380,293.32
381,880.50
382,027.81
391,225.64
435,071.59
455,960.91
448, 295. 92
476, 797. 61
450,327.75
443, 400. 27
418,581.53
430,669.36
5,094,532.21
§298,953.40
335, 185. 63
280, 543. 69
453, 833. 65
318, 635. 80
373,912.31
378,049.70
385, 620. 55
349,681.28
420, 340. 20
401,213.30
401,353.06
4,397,322.57
Appendix O.
EEPORT OF HON. FRANK FEUILLE, HEAD OF THE DEPART-
MENT OF LAW.
Isthmian Canal Commission,
Department of Law,
Ancon, Canal Zone, August 11 , 1913.
Sir : I have the honor to submit the following report of the business
transacted by the department of law for the fiscal year ended June 30,
1913.
The personnel of the department was increased by one clerk and a
land inspector during the latter part of the fiscal year just ended, due
to the additional work assigned to this office in connection with the
depopulation of the Canal Zone under the Executive order of Decem-
ber 5, 1912; and in representmg the United States before the joint
land commission, which has been in session on the Isthmus since the
28th of February last, adjudicating land claims.
The duties assigned to the department of law by Executive orders
and ordinances are such as ordinaril}^ belong to a chief law officer of
the Government — that is, the department has charge of all of the civil
cases of the Isthmian Canal Commission and the government of the
Canal Zone, as well as the prosecution of all crimes and misdemeanors
in the supreme and circuit courts of the Canal Zone, and the head of
the department and his assistants have been called upon to give many
opinions to the chairman and chief engineer and the various depart-
mental cliiefs.
Land matters of the Isthmian Canal Commission and the Panama
Railroad Co. are under the jurisdiction of this department, and are
managed by a land agent, who has charge of lands belonging to the
Government of the United States, and to the Panama Railroad Co. in
the cities of Panama and Colon as well as in the Canal Zone.
In addition to these duties, the head of the department has rendered
special services on committees and in connection with the official
transactions of the chairman with the authorities at Washington and
the Republic of Panama. An important part of this related to legis-
lation enacted by the President for the Canal Zone.
In anticipation of the inundation of the Gatun Lake area, a number
of the towns along the fine of the Panama Railroad between Gorgona
and Gatun were cleared of their population. As a result, an Executive
order was issued on September 2, 1912, by which the administrative
district of Gorgona was abolished and its territory added to the district
of Empire for judicial, administrative, and political purposes; and the
functions of the various officials of the Gorgona district were trans-
ferred to those of the district of Emphe. The areas of Gatun Lake
lying outside of the east and west lines of the Canal Zone proper and
the lands adjacent to said areas up to contour lines of 100 feet above
511
512 KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
mean sea level, were included in the administrative district of
Cristobal, and in the third judicial circuit for all judicial, adminis-
trative, and political purposes, except that part of the Chagres River
and its confluences from the point where the said river intersects the
eastern Ime of the canal proper, thence to the eastward up to contour
lines of 100 feet above mean sea level, whichis included in the admin-
istrative district of Empu'e and in the second judicial circuit for
such purposes. The order also abolished the office of senior district
judge and reduced the number of district judges to three.
The Panama Canal act, approved August 24, 1912, authorized the
President to declare that all lands and land under water within the
limits of the Canal Zone are necessary for the construction, mainte-
nance, operation, sanitation, and protection of the Panama Canal.
The President, pursuant to that act, issued an Executive order of
December 5, 1912, directing the chairman and chief engineer of the
Isthmian Canal Commission to take possession on behalf of the United
States of all land and land under water Avithin the limits of the Canal
Zone and to extinguish, by agreement when practicable, all claims and
titles of adverse claimants to the occupancy of land and land under
water.
An amendment of the Executive order of July 21, 1912, was made
by the President's order of January 13, 1913, to cure the inequalities
of the first order respecting the inspection fees to be charged small
vessels. Tlie original order treated large vessels on the same terms
with small ones, which was deemed unfair to the latter. The amend-
ing order made the law more explicit regarding the equipment with
which steam vessels must be provided to secure the safety of passen-
gers and crew.
Negotiations have been pendmg between the United States and
the Republic of Panama for the exchange of the lands known as Las
Sabanas, lying contiguous to the city of Panama in the Canal Zone,
for certam harbor areas in the city of Colon. In consequence, the
President deemed it proper to except the Sabanas lands from the pro-
visions of the Executive order or December 5, 1912, directing the
chairman of the Isthmian Canal Commission to take possession on
behalf of the United States of all privately o^^^led lands in the Canal
Zone. This was done by Executive order of February 18, 1913.
The lands so excepted contain an area of about 7 square miles.
In order that birds on the Canal Zone might be properly protected
from wanton kUluig or injury, an Executive order on the subject was
submitted to the President and signed by him on March 19, 1913.
The order makes it unlawful for any person to hunt, trap, capture,
wUlfuUy disturb, or kill any hwd of any kind whatever, or to taKC the
eggs of any bird, except in the form and manner permitted by the
regulations provided for by the order. In conformity with this order,
suitable regulations have been drafted by a committee and submitted
to the chairman for enactment by the Isthmian Canal Commission, and
it is believed that this order and the regulations to be established
under it will protect birds and their nests from wanton destruction
or molestation, and at the same time the huntm^ of game birds
within proper limitation will be permitted. The Executive order
provides for a line of not to exceed $100 or imprisonment in jail for
not more than 30 days for every offense.
DEPARTMENT OF LAW. 513
For a number of yeai-s the Canal Zone has had a special system for
the admmistration "of the estates of deceased and insane employees
of the canal commission and the Panama Railroad Co., under wnich
the collector of revenues acts as public administrator for such estates
when no regular administrator or guardian has been appomted.
Tlie maximum value of an estate commg withm the jurisdiction of
the collector of revenues was fu-st fixed at $500, but the amount was
mcreased from time to time by amending Executive orders until
finally the limit as to the value was removed entirely by the Execu-
tive order of February 5, 1912. The collector of revenues may now
administer such estates when they consist of personal property only,
regardless of the value of the estates. Under the present state of the
law in the Canal Zone, the estates of deceased or insane employees
of the canal commission, the Canal Zone government, and the Panama
Railroad Co. are administered by the collector of revenues free of
cost. The actions of the collector are subject to the supervision and
approval of the circuit court of the first judicial circuit of the Canal
Zone. Tlie collector is authorized to collect all moneys due to the
deceased or insane employee, pay his debts, and deliver the residue
of the estate to the heirs or other persons lawfully entitled to it.
Complaints were made from time to time that the agents of foreign
corporations whose financial condition was doubtful were doing busi-
ness in the Canal Zone. To prevent exploitation of Government
employees and others by such agents, an Executive order was issued
by the President on March 20, 1913, requiring foreign corporations
or joint-stock companies, including those organized under any State
or Territory of the United States, to file theu' articles of incorporation
with the collector of revenues for the Canal Zone, accompanied by a
statement verified by the oath of the president or secretary of the
company and attested by a majority of the board of directors, con-
tammg certain mformation therein provided for, upon which the
collector of revenues might base a conclusion as to the solvency of
the concern. In addition to this, foreign corporations are requu-ed
to file authorization with the collector of revenues to represent them
in all suits and legal proceedmgs m the Canal Zone, and to pay an
annual tax of $50. The order has had a salutary effect in keepiiig
out undesirable concerns, but it is believed to be too broad in its
scope and includes companies that operate m the Canal Zone by
reason of contracts with the Panama Railroad Co., as well as some
that are here by previous permission of the canal authorities. It
would seem desirable to limit the effect of the law to concerns that
have not been mvited to the Canal Zone by any of the governmental
agencies.
On April 15, 1913, the President issued an Executive order to
establish maritime quarantine regulations for the Canal Zone and
the harbors of the cities of Panama and Colon, Republic of Panama,
these regulations to take effect upon the date on which the Panama
Canal is officially and formally opened for use and operation by
proclamation of the President of the United States. The regulations
were promulgated in advance of the opening of the canal in order
that sliipping interests and the traveling public may have information
in regarci to the quarantine requirements of the Panama Canal and
the Canal Zone.
11834°— 13 33
514 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Section 2 of the Panama Canal act, approved August 24, 1912,
confirms as valid and binding all laws, regulations, and ordinances
adopted and promulgated in the Canal Zone by order of the President
for the government and sanitation of the Canal Zone and the con-
struction of the Panama Canal. The effect of this provision is to
set at rest whatever doubts may have existed as to the authority
of the President to enact laws for the goA^ernment of the Canal Zone
since the expiration of the Fifty-eighth Congress.
PROSECUTING ATTORNEY'S OFFICE.
No changes have been made in the office of the prosecuting attorney.
Crinfinal business in the courts of the Canal Zone is in charge of the
prosecuting officers of the Isthmian Canal Commission, under the
supervision of the head of the department of law. The prosecuting
attorney is devoting his time almost exclusively to land matters and
land claims, and especially those coming before the joint land com-
mission, and in consequence the prosecution of criminal cases is
conducted by the assistant prosecuting attorney. I submit the
following information in respect to the criminal cases in the cu'cuit
courts and the supreme court of the Canal Zone for the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1913, furnished to me by the assistant prosecuting
attorney:
CRIMINAL CASES IN THE CIRCUIT COURTS.
During the fiscal year 621 criminal cases have been disposed of.
In the first circuit there were 288; in the second circuit, 178; and in
the third circuit, 155.
Of the total, 449 were convicted. 111 were acquitted, 54 were dis-
missed, and in 7 cases the defendants forfeited bail and are fugitives.
The following is a tabulated statement showing the various offenses
for which there have been prosecutions and the number of defend-
ants charged with these various offenses:
Adultery 18
Arson 1
Assault and battery 51
Assault with a deadly weapon 27
Assault with intent to commit murder 4
Assault with intent to commit felonies other than murder 5
Burglary 53
Cheats 5
Disorderly conduct 27
Embezzlement 24
False personation 3
Forgery 24
Gambling .* 100
Grand larceny 124
Incest 2
Liquor laws, violation of 9
Manslaughter 5
Mayhem 1
Murder •• - 2
Murder, second degree 1
Navigation rules, violation of 19
Perjury 1
Petit larceny 27
Rape 3
Receiving stolen property 2
DEPARTMENT OF LAW. 515
Returning to Canal Zone after deportation 13
Rioting 8
Miscellaneous 62
Total 621
Disposition:
Convicted 449
Acquitted ■ Ill
Dismissed 54
Fugitives 7
621
Number by circuits:
First .288
Second 178
Third 155
For the purpose of comparison, similar tabulated statements for
the fiscal years ended June 30, 1911, and June 30, 1912, are given
below :
Criminal cases in the circuit courts of the Canal Zone during the fiscal year July 1, 1911,
to June 30, 1912.
Adultery , 9
Arson 5
Assault and battery 28
Assault with a deadly weapon 67
Assault with intent to commit murder 4
Assault with intent to commit felonies other than murder 5
Burglary 62
Cheats 13
Disorderly conduct * 17
Embezzlement 24
Forgery 17
Gambling 66
Grand larceny 107
Manslaughter 4
Murder 3
Navigation laws, violation of 26
Perjury 6
Rape 7
Resisting, etc., public officer 17
WTiite-slave traffic 6
Miscellaneous 122
Total 615
Disposition :
Convicted 398
Acquitted 139
Dismissed 66
Fugitives 12
Total 615
Number by circuits:
First 160
Second 333
Thiid 122
Total 615
516 KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Criminal cases in the circuit courts of the Canal Zone during the fiscal year July 1, 1910,
to June 30, 1911.
Adultery 18
Assault and battery ■. 33
Assault with a deadly weapon 41
Burglary 52
Disorderly conduct 12
Embezzlement 27
False personation 10
Forgery 14
Grand larceny 59
Manslaughter 8
Murder 2
Perjury 5
Resisting arrest 7
Miscellaneous 55
Total 343
Disposition:
Convicted 236
Acquitted 79
Dismissed 27
Fugitives 1
Total 343
While it appears that there was a total of 615 cases last year as
compared with 621 this year, there has in reality been a slight
decrease in crimes generally. The apparent increase is due to the
fact that there were 100 defendants prosecuted for gambling this
year, and 66 last year.
There was a slight increase in the percentage of convictions this
year over last year.
At the end of this fiscal year there were 3 criminal cases pending
in the circuit courts. They were pending because the informations
had been recently filed and, under the law, could not be tried before.
There is some discrepancy between the figures of this department
and those of civil administration relating to criminal cases. Civil
administration shows the number of cases filed during the year,
whereas this office shows the number of cases disposed of. Civil
administration also reports the number of cases, whereas this ofiice
keeps the record according to the number of defendants. We are
compelled to keep it accordmg to the number of defendants for sev-
eral reasons. We have to keep a record of the name of each defend-
ant and what disposition was made of his individual case. In some
cases several defendants are tried together, and it is necessary to
keep the records according to the defendants because where several
are tried together some may be convicted and others acquitted, and
in order to show convictions and acquittals the cases must be counted
according to the defendants.
There may also be a discrepancy as to the number of cases pending
at the end of the fiscal year. According to civil administration, a
case is pending in the circuit courts as soon as it has been sent up
from the district courts, but this office does not show a case pending
until the district court papers reach this office and an information is
filed in the circuit court.
DEPARTMENT OF LAW. 51 7
CRIMINAL CASES IN THE SUPREME COURT.
Three criminal cases were heard upon appeal and disposed of in the
supreme court. In two of these the judgment of the lower court was
affirmed, and in the other there was a reversal.
There was also in the supreme court a disbarment proceeding
against an attorney of the Canal Zone, and the defendant was dis-
barred from practice.
CIVIL CASES.
The following civil cases in which the United States of America,
the Isthmian Canal Commission, or the Panama Railroad Co. were
interested have been disposed of during the fiscal year.
IN THE FIRST CIRCUIT. ^
Blandina EdgJiill v. R. Kiely (Canal Zone policeman). — This was a
suit for $500 damages to personal property. The action complained
of was performed by R. Kiely in the exercise of his functions as a police
officer, and for that reason he was defended before the courts by the
law officer of the Government. Complaint was filed November 14,
1912; answer filed November 30, 1912. On December 21, 1912, trial
was had, which resulted in a judgment in favor of plaintiff for $15
and costs.
IN THE SECOND CIRCUIT.
J. G. Dugue v. S. Delvalle.- — This was an action for forcible entry
and detainer against a tenant of the Isthmian Canal Commission.
In order to protect the canal commission's possession held by the
tenant, it was deemed proper to have the prosecuting attorney repre-
sent the defendant in this case. On August 6, 1912, trial was had,
which resulted in a judgment for defendant, and thus the Govern-
ment's possession of the land was protected.
United States of America v. Regina M. Silva. — Several years ago
Regina M. Silva died without heirs. She had a claim to the Cano
Quebrada tract of land in the Canal Zone. Escheat proceedings were
instituted in the circuit court of the second judicial circuit on August
11, 1911, for recovery of the lands in favor of the pubhc schools of
the Canal Zone in confonnity with local laws. There were no claims
against the estate except one on account of the last sickness and
funeral, amounting to about $700. An adverse claim was set up by
others, and it seemed probable that this adverse claim might prevail
over the claim of the Government in the escheat proceedings. It was
therefore deemed advisable to purchase the adverse claim for the
Government of the United States, pay the indebtedness due for the
last sickness and funeral expenses of Miss Silva, and dismiss the
escheat proceedings. It is beheved that the United States will not
henceforth be disturbed in its possession or title to the property.
Sofia Amos v. William A. Garlow. — This was a suit against a Canal
Zone pohceman for $2,000 for trespass. The action of the poHceman
complained of was performed in the line of service, and for that reason
a law officer of this department represented him at the trial. Com-
plaint was filed February 14, 1913 ; answer filed March 8, 1913, and on
April 11, 1913, trial was had. wliich resulted in a judgment for the
defendant.
518 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
IN THE THIRD CIRCUIT.
Eusehio Morales et al. v. Ruben S. Arcia et al. — This was a suit
instituted by Eusebio Morales and others against Ruben S. Arcia
and others for partition of lands lying between Gatun and Colon. On
December 15, 1910, the Panama Railroad Co. and the Isthmian Canal
Commission intervened, the former seeking relief against the plain-
tiffs and defendants for recovery of the land, and the extinguishment
of any claims set up by them; wliile the Canal Commission sought to
obtain an injunction against the plaintiffs and defendants to prevent
them from disturbing lands belonging to the United States and in
the possession of the Isthmian Canal Commission.
The case was tried, and on May 31, 1913, an opinion was rendered
by the court, giving certain portions of the land to the plaintiffs and
defendants and other portions to the Panama Railroad Co. and the
Isthmian Canal Commission. No decree has yet been rendered on
the opinion. The trial judge has been absent on vacation, and now
that he has returned it is expected that he will enter up a decree in
the near future. The opinion of the court does not give the Panama
Railroad Co. and the Isthmian Canal Commission all of the relief
asked for in the pleas of intervention, and an appeal will probabl}^
be taken to the supreme court of the Canal Zone when the decree of
the court is entered.
The case of Pedro Celestino Cerezo v. Eusebio Diaz and others, in
v/hich the United States and the Panama Railroad Co. are inter-
veners, remauied undisposed of at the end of the fiscal year. This
case has been pending in the circuit court of the third circuit since
June 24, 1909, and involves land at the mouth of Sweetwater River
on Toro Point, across the bay from Colon, and includes part of lot 1
of the Harris on- Arosemena map, gi'anted to the Panama Railroad
Co. by the Colombian Government. On August 5, 1909, special
appearances for the United States and Panama Railroad Co. were
entered. Negotiations for a compromise of the case have been pend-
ing for some time, but no definite conclusion in respect to them has
been reached. These negotiations have caused the case to be con-
tinued from time to time.
LAND MATTERS OF THE ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
The work of clearing the Gatun Lake area of population was
extended during the fiscal year to the regions outside of that area, to
meet the necessities of construction and in conformity wdth the order
of December 5, 1912, providing for the depopulation of the Zone. In
the work of clearing these areas of population, a large number of
claims of squatters or occupants was adjusted by this department. I
submit a tabulated statement of such claims furnished to me by the
land agent.
DEPARTMENT OF LAW.
519
Location.
Number
of claims,
Settlements on account of clearing area for Tore Point Military Reservation
Site cleared lor oil tanks, Mount Hope
Gatun Lake area settlements (including Chagres and Trinidad Rivers)
MisceUaneous sottlenu'nts (including settlements made in connection with construc-
tion of EmpiroGamboa Road, installation of Toro Point telephone lineand Mount
Hope pumping plant, etc. )
Gold II ill settlements on account of sluicing plant operations
Area bet \veen Gatun and Gamboa, and eastern boundary of Canal Zone and canal
Bailamonos lands
United states lands at Matachin '.
Matachin lands claimed by heirs of Bosque
On tratt No. 21, United States Government lands west of Empire, Las Casca-
dab, etc
Total
18
23
62
3
3
106
405
$5,578.00
2,115.00
214.50
406. 00
727. 50
2,403.00
60.00
300.00
9,080.00
6,662.50
27,606.50
A considerable number of other claims had been adjusted just
before the end of the fiscal j^ear, and payments have since been made
to many of the claimants and their cases finally settled.
All of the foregoing claims were paid du^ectly to the claimants by
the Isthmian Canal Commission, no settlements having been effected
by the Panama Railroad Co. for the account of the commission as has
been done in previous years.
In addition to the settlements with occupants and squatters, the
following purchases of lands were made:
Deeds were acquu^ed to the portions of the following tracts not
heretofore acquhed by the Panama Railroad Co. or the United States:
Cano Quebrado, Barro Colorado Abajo, Penas Blancas Abajo, Penas
Blancas AiTiba, Bohio Soldado or Monte Criste, Ahorca Lagarto,
and Bohio Soldado ; also a small holding, consisting of school building
iu the town of Limon.
These portions include a settlement made between Porfirio Melendez
and the Panama Railroad Co., whereby his interest and that of his
family, heretofore in dispute with the Panama Railroad Co., were
finally adjudicated, and reference is here made to the various deeds
involved in the transaction between Mr. Melendez and the agents of
the Isthmian Canal Commission and the Panama Railroad Co. for
fuU particulars.
In addition to the foregoing portions of lands, quitclaims were
obtained for the United States for the holdings of Mr. Santiago
Samudio at Santa Isabel, El Encanto, Victoriano, and Paja.
The aggregate price paid for aU of the foregoing lands and interest
in lands amounted to $28,854.74.
The depopulation of the Canal Zone made it necessary to cancel the
remainmg Isthmian Canal leases. The work of the cancellation of
leases commenced in 1910, when all of the leases in the lake area were
terminated, but the lessees were permitted to remain on .the land at
theh ovm. risk to harvest their crops until disturbed bj^" the waters of
the lake to be formed by Gatun Dam. Since that tinie leases have
been canceled in other districts, and on March 31, 1913, all unexpired
canal commission leases for building lots and agricultural property
were termmated by the authority of the chairman and chief engineer.
The cancellation, however, did not include revocable licenses, which
may be canceled at any time, nor did it include lease No. 4373, in the
name of F. Solorzano, for a piece of ground located south of the
Balboa Road within the limits of the city of Panama, which lease
520
EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
expires on January 29, 1914. On !March 31, 1913, there were 174
leases, covering 99 hectares of agricuhural land and 108 building lots,
which would have been in force on June 30, 1913, were it not for the
order of cancellation.
The total number of revocable licenses m force on June 30 was 312,
covermg 347 buildmg lots, bringmg in a total amount of annual
rental of $2,816.96. I submit herewith a tabulated statement of
revocable licenses still in force.
District.
Number of
revocable
licenses.
Number of
building
lots.
Amount of
annual
rental.
Ancon
1
3n
346
$1.00
Empire .
2,815.96
Total
312
347
2,816.96
1 Church lot.
PANAMA RAILROAD CO. MATTERS.
The head of the department of law, the prosecuting attorney, and
the assistant prosecuting attorney are required to render legal
services to the Panama Railroad Co., and a Latin- American lawyer
is regularly retamed by the Panama Railroad Co. to appear before the
courts of the Republic of Panama on behalf of the company, under
the direction of the head of this department. All of the legal business
of the railroad compan}^ on the Isthmus, constructive and advisory,
and the prosecution and defense of the company's interests before the
courts is in charge of this department. Claims and suits against the
Panama Railroad Co. for personal injury have increased very mate-
rially during the past year. Many claims have been compromised in
this office and suit thereon averted. The cases that have been
brought against the Panama Railroad Co. in the various courts of the
Canal Zone during the fiscal year just passed are the following:
Circuit Courts.
IN THE FIRST CIRCUIT.
Duncan Hoffman v. Panama Railroad Co. — Tliis was a suit for
$5,000 damages for personal mjuries to an employee. Complaint
was filed August 5, 1912; answer was filed August 31, 1912. On
September 23, 1912, there was a trial, which resulted in a judgment
for the defendant.
George Dean v. Panama Railroad Co. — This was a suit for $5,000
damages for personal injuries to an employee. Complaint filed
November 15, 1912; answer filed November 30, 1912. On December
21, 1912, trial was held, which resulted m a judgment for defendant.
M. Carmelo v. Panama Railroad Co. — Tliis was a suit for $900
damages to carriage and horses. Complamt filed February 24, 1913;
answer filed March 6, 1913; and on April 19, 1913, trial was had, which
resulted in a judgment for defendant.
DEPARTMENT OF LAW. 521
IN THE SECOND CIRCUIT.
Thull, Administrator, v. Panama Railroad Co. — TliLs was a suit for
$20,000 for death of an emploj^ee. The coinj^lamt was filed April 9,
1912; answer was filed on April 27, 1912. There was a demurrer to
the complaint, and on September 7, 1912, trial was had, which
resulted m judgment for defendant. There was a motion for a new
trial, which was overruled, and plaintiff appealed to the supreme
court.
Chissie Sadler, wife of Joseph Sadler, deceased, v. Panama Rail-
road Co. — This was a suit for $.50,000 damages for death of husband,
who was a passenger. Complaint was filed May 24, 1912; answer
filed June 29, 1912. On February 14, 1913, trial was had, which
resulted in a judgment for the defendant.
John Fordigal v. Panama Railroad Co. — This was a suit for $2, .500
damages for personal injuries to employee. Complaint was filed
August 1, 1912; answer filed August 31, 1912; and on October 4,
1912, trial was had, which resulted in a judgment for the defendant
George BlaJce v. Panama Railroad Co. — This was a suit for $1,000
damages for personal injuries to passenger. Complaint was filed
November 12, 1912; answer filed December 10, 1912; and on Jan-
uary 31, 1913, complaint was dismissed.
Evans Weelcs v. Panama Railroad Co. — This was a suit for $10,000
for pereonal injuries to employee. Complaint was filed November 12,
1912; answer filed December 2, 1912; and on January 3, 1913, trial
was had, which resulted m a judgment for plaintiff for $5,000. A
motion for a new trial was made and overruled, and defendant
appealed to the supreme court.
Leon Jean v. Panama Railroad Co. — This was a suit for $10,000
for personal injuries to employee. Complaint was filed January 10,
1913, and on May 31, 1913, case was compromised by the payment
of $1,800 to plaintiff.
IN THE THIRD CIRCUIT.
Terry and, wife v. Panama Railroad Co. — This was a suit for $2,000
for personal injm'ies to wife. The complaint was filed September
12, 1912; answer filed October 2, 1912; and on November 1, 1912,
trial was had, which resulted in a judgment for defendant. Plaintiff
made a motion for a new trial, which was overruled, and case was
appealed to the supreme court.
Two cases remain in the circuit courts undisposed of at the end of
the fiscal year, as follows:
James Arthurton v. Panama Railroad Co. — This is a suit for $10,000
damages for personal injuries to employee. The complaint was
filed November 15, 1912, and answer filed December 2, 1912. Sub-
sequently an amended complaint was fUed, and has been continued
from term to term on motion of plaintiff.
HezeMah Carter v. Panama Railroad Co. — ^This is a suit for $5,000
damages for personal injuries to employee. Complaint was filed
on April 28, 1913. There was a demurrer by the defendant, which
was sustained. An amended complaint was filed, and on June 23,
1913, defendant filed its answer, and the case was set down for
hearing on July 3, 1913.
522 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Other civil suits were instituted against the Panama Raih-oad Co.
in addition to tlie personal injury cases above mentioned, as follows:
IN THE SECOND CIRCUIT.
Murray & Fuller v. Panama Railroad Co. — Tliis was a suit for
$750 damages to freight shipped on the Panama Railroad. Com-
plaint fded April 19, i913; answer filed May 15, 1913, and on June
24, 1913, trial was had, which resulted in a judgment for plaintiff
for $25 and costs.
IN THE THIRD CIRCUIT.
Dannis v. Panama Railroad Co. — This was a suit for $249.60
damages for loss of freight. The complaint was filed July 26, 1912;
answer filed August 20, 1912, and on October 10, 1912, the suit
was dismissed.
The case of Pedro Celestino Cerezo v. Eusebio Diaz and others has
been referred to in this report, inasmuch as it also affects the interest
of the United States to the lands involved in the case. The chief
contention, however, between Cerezo and those claiming with him
is against the Panama Railroad Co. The negotiations for compro-
mise already referred to related chiefly to the interests of the Panama
Railroad Co., the purpose of the law officers of the Isthmian Canal
Commission being to effect a compromise so as to deed some of the
Panama Railroad land fronting on the bay to the adverse claimants
in full satisfaction of their claim against the Panama Raih'oad and
the United States. The Executive order of the President ordering
the depopulation of the Zone caused this office to discontinue the
negotiations.
IN THE FIR8T CIRCUIT.
Lefevre, attorney in fact for De La Ossa et al., v. Panama Railroad
Co. et al. — ^Tliis suit was to establish tlie boundaries of lands known
as "La Iseca." Complaint was filed October 5, 1912, and answer
filed November 22, 1912. Since the end of the fiscal year, however,
the plaintiff has dismissed the suit without prejudice.
Proceedings were instituted on behalf of the Panama Railroad Co.
in the following cases :
Panama Railroad Co. v. Mendez et al. — This is a suit to recover a
tract of land lying northeast of the city of Colon, consisting of about
10,000 acres, and was part of the lands originally granted to the
Panama Railroad Co. by the Government of New Granada, now
Colombia. The complaint was filed March 21, 1912, and demurrer
was interposed by the defendants and overruled, and they were
required to answer by July 1, 1912. The case has been continued
from time to time by the defendants, but I am hopeful that a trial
will be obtained in the near future.
Panama Railroad Co. v. Villalohos et al. — ^Tliis is a suit to recover
a strip of land on tlie shore of Limon Bay. Complaint was filed on
March 21, 1912; a demurrer was filed by defendants, which was over-
ruled and the defendants required to answer July 1, 1912. Tliis
case has been continued from term to term on the motion of the
defendants. The interest of Mr. Porfirio Melendez in this litigation
was adjusted together with the other issues between liim and the
DEPARTMENT OF LAW. 523
Panama Railroad Co. in the settlement made under the deeds already
mentioned in tliis report, by which he conveyed the lands to the
United States.
Supreme Court.
Two cases against the Panama Railroad Co., on account of per-
sonal injuries, were disposed of in the supreme court of the Canal
Zone during the fiscal year, as follows:
Fitz'patrick v. Panama Railroad Co. — Tliis was a suit for $10,000
damages for personal injury. The case was tried in the circuit court
of tlie tliird judicial circuit which resulted in a judgment for plaintiff
of $7,000. An appeal was entered in the supreme court on August
6, 1912. The appeal was heard December 14, 1912, and on January
31, 1913, the supreme court rendered a decision in which the judg-
ment of the lower court was affii'med.
Terry and wife v. Panama Railroad Co. — This was a suit for $2,000
for personal injuries to wife, brought in the circuit court of the third
judicial circuit. Plaintiffs' appeal was entered in the supreme court
on February 8, 1913. On March 28, 1913, the supreme court rendered
a decision in which the judgment of the circuit court was affirmed.
There was left pending against the Panama Railroad Co. in the
supreme court the following cases:
Thull, administrator, v. Panama Railroad Co. — ^This was a suit for
$20,000 wMch was tried in the second cii-cuit court and resulted in a
judgment in favor of the defendant. Plaintiff appealed to the
supreme court and the appeal was entered on March 15, 1913; the
case was heard on May 4, 1913. No decision has yet been rendered
by the supreme court.
Evans Weeks v. Panama Railroad Co. — This is a suit for $10,000
for personal injuries to employee, which was tried in the second cir-
cuit court and resulted in judgment for plaintiff for $5,000. It was
appealed to the supreme court and the appeal filed May 16, 1913.
The appeal will be heard in the ensumg July term.
PANAMA RAILROAD LANDS.
The Panama Railroad Co. has large tracts of land in the Canal
Zone, acquired by grant from the Government of New Granada, now
Colombia, by virtue of the company's concession from that Gov-
ernment, and in addition has several land holdings acquired by pur-
chase and condemnation proceedmgs.
Some of the company's land obtamed by grant from the Colombian
Government is now in litigation, as already appears from other parts
of this report.
The railroad company has the usufruct in the island of ManzanUIo,
upon which the city of Colon is situated, except 4 hectares, or 10 acres,
which were reserved by the Colombian Government for public pur-
poses. The Panama Railroad Co. has divided the island mto lots
m municipal order and is leasing the greater portion of the city to
private parties.
The railroad company also has a large number of lots in the city of
Panama, in addition to the area occupied by the company for a
railroad yard and other purposes. These lots are also leased by the
Panama Railroad Co. to private individuals, with the exception of
some that are leased to the Panaman Government.
524 EEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
The railroad company derives considerable revenue from leases
and licenses on the above-mentioned properties. The following is a
report of land agent of the leasing of Panama Railroad properties
and the rentals derived therefrom for the last fiscal year:
Durmg the past year there has been increase in the number of
lots leased m Colon, due to the fact that lots on the east side of E
street have been approved for buildmg. On account of this addi-
tional leasmg of lots, an increase of approximately 15 per cent over
last year's approximated rentals has accrued to the railroad company.
At Fox River a few additional lots have been leased during the
past year, mcreasing the rental from this district slightly.
At Gatun the rentals remamed practically the same, there being a
slight decrease due to the fact that Mr. Stilson's lease for those lots
in blocks 2 and 4 not already constructed upon was canceled several
months ago.
New Frijoles leases remain practically the same.
The rental for the town of Monte Lirio decreased slightly, due to
the fact that certam parties gave up then- leases on lots.
Empire and Culebra districts remamed practically the same.
At ranama a slight mcrease m rentals was made, due to the fact
that additional lots m the district of Guachapali have been leased,
which lots were previously held open by the proposed transfer of cer-
tam property m Panama between the Panaman Government and the
Panama Railroad Co.
As to the agricultural leases, there was only a slight increase in
their number, these being made with parties occupyuig property at
Majagual and Puerto Escondido. While the total land rental from
this property shows as bemg $1,422,70, nevertheless very little rental
has been collected on this property, as it was simply desired to get
leases signed on account of pending suits between the Panama Rail-
road Co. and various mdividuals claimmg ownership m this land.
The revocable licenses for land on the east side oi the canal, oppo-
site Culebra and Empire, remain about the same as on June 30, 1912.
No rental has ever been collected from parties holding land on this
property. This form of revocable license is executed with them for
the purpose of having the railroad recognized as the owner of this
property, known as the Huertas-Honduras tract.
During the month of April, 1913, all leases for lots and agricultural
land at Toro Point, Sweetwater, etc., were canceled on account of
the dealing of the Canal Zone. Therefore, no rental is being derived
from this property.
Reports from this office to the New York office of the Panama
Railroad Co. as to the number of new leases executed show that dur-
mg the year from July 1, 1912, to June 30, 1913, the total number was
138, covering 227 new lots in Panama and Colon.
The approximated total annual rental value is shown as amounting
to $143,496.57, although tliis is not the actual collection made. This
amount is merely an approximated rental value for the year, were the
Panama Railroad Co. collecting rentals on all properties at the rates
shown on our record books on June 30, 1913. The total rental actu-
ally collected during the past fiscal year from all sources amounts to
$134,359.57, which figure has been furnished by the local auditor of
the Panama Railroad Co.
DEPARTMENT OF LAW. 525
Tabulated statement of Panama R. R. leases in effect July 1, 1912, to June SO, 1913.
Leases, June 30—
1912 1913
Lots, June 30—
1912 1913
Rental, June 30-
1912
1913
Colon
Fox River . .
Gatun
New Frijoles
Monte Lirio.
Empire
Culebra
Panama
Scattering -. .
Agricultural.
Total..
682
65
157
24
14
403
313
366
60
228
772
71
157
24
10
403
308
378
232
680
64
1S5
27
19
441
324
437
60
228
807
70
170
27
15
441
316
445
232
$75,470.60
3,120.20
5,760.80
377. 00
522. 00
12, 819. 60
6, 870. 40
19, 823. 06
447.30
1,405.20
890,790.28
4,157.00
5,751.80
377.00
414.00
12,819.60
6,774.40
20,989.79
1,422.70
2,312
2,355
2,465
2,523
126,622.16
143,496.57
1 Includes rental from offices in concrete building, €olon, ?7,935 annual rental at rates in force June 30, 1913 .
2 Included in various districts, instead of being made separately, for the year July 1, 1912, to June 30, 1913.
Miscellaneous lots leased.
Churches 57
Parks ' 4
Schools 10
Fire stations 4
Municipal wash house 1
Total 70
There are no cases against the Panama Railroad Co. pending in
the courts of the Republic of Panama. Those that were left undis-
posed of at the time the last annual report of this department was
made have been terminated favorably to the Panama Railroad, with
the exception of the case of lot B, Juan Ponce, in the city of Panama.
In that case the judgment for the possession of the lot was given in
favor of the adverse party, as well as for rents for several years past.
The lot was of very small dimensions, and on the suggestion of this
office the case was compromised by the railroad company rehnquish-
ing all its interest in the lot to the adverse claimant, and the latter in
turn released the Panama Railroad Co. for his claim of rentals under
the judgment. As I have already stated, the issues in the other cases
were disposed of favorably to the Panama Railroad Co.
Respectfully,
Frank Feuille,
Head of Department of Law.
Col. George W. Goethals, United States Army,
Ghairman and Chief Engineer, Gulehra, Canal Zone.
Appendix P.
REPORT OF COI. W. C. GORGAS, MEDICAL CORPS UNITED
STATES ARMY, MEMBER ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION,
CHIEF SANITARY OFFICER, HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
OF SANITATION.
Isthmian Canal Commission,
Office of the Chief Sanitary Officer,
Ancon, Canal Zone, July 25, 1913.
Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith the annual report of the
department of sanitation for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913.
Statistics as to the death rate among employees of the Isthmian
Canal Commission and Panama Railroad Co. for the fiscal year just
closed compared Vvdth similar figures for previous years since 1906
are shown below:
White employees.
Black employees.
All employees.
Year.
Average
number.
Total
deaths.
Annual
average
per 1,000.
Average
number.
Total
deaths.
Annual
average
per 1,000.
Average
number.
Total
deaths.
Annual
average
per 1,000.
1906-7
1907-8
1908-9
1909-10....
1910-11....
1911-12....
1912-13....
7,727
12,058
12,299
11,954
12,891
12,380
12,602
123
185
147
108
129
114
94
15.93
15.34
11.95
9.03
10.01
9.21
7.46
24,587
20, 999
31,962
38,581
36,238
37,628
41,398
1,150
604
383
440
428
394
389
45.94
19.48
11.98
11.40
11.81
10.47
9.39
32,314
43,057
44,261
50, 535
49, 129
50,008
54,000
1,273
789
530
548
557
508
483
39.41
18.32
11.97
10.84
11.34
10.16
8.94
For the same period the death rate of the total population of the
cities of Panama and Colon and of the Canal Zone was as follows:
Year.
Average
popula-
tion.
Total
deaths.
Annual
average
per 1,000.
Year.
Average
popula-
tion.
Total
deaths.
Annual
average
per 1,000.
1906-7
87,215
112,002
127,362.
144,614
3,670
3,100
2,807
2,735
42.08
27.67
22.04 '
18.91
1910-11 . .
154,255
159,547
131,865
3,409
3,163
2,944
22 10
1907-8
1911-12
19.82
1908-9
1912-13
22.33
1909-10
The death rate among white employees from the United States for
the past six fiscal years was:
Year.
Average
number.
Deaths,
all cases.
Aimual
average
per 1,000.
Year.
Average
number.
Deaths,
all cases.
Annual
average
per 1,000.
1907-8
5,035
5,126
5,573
41
42
31
8.14
8.19
5.56
1910-11
6,163
5,934
6,504
33
35
35
5.35
1908-9
1911-12
5.90
1909-10
1912-13
5.38
527
528
EEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
For the same period the death rate among the white employees
from the United States and their families on the Canal Zone was:
Year.
Average
number.
Deaths,
all cases.
Annual
average
per 1,000.
Year.
Average
number.
Deaths,
all cases.
Annual
average
per 1,000.
1907-8
7,040
8,105
9,198
59
64
54
8.38
7.89
5.87
1910-11
10, 500
10,410
11,087
58
66
60
5 52
1908-9
1911-12
6 34
1909-10
1912-13
5 41
Adding to the above figures the officers and men of the Tenth
Infantry, the Marine Corps, and their famihes, the death rate was
5.40 per 1,000.
Among all employees there were during the fiscal year just closed
164 deaths from violence, as against 154 for the year 1911-12.
Deaths of employees from tropical diseases and from lobar pneu-
monia, pulmonary tuberculosis, and typhoid fever for the past
seven fiscal years were as follows:
Dysentery
Malaria
Black- water fever
Liver abscess
Pneumonia
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Typhoid fever
1906-7
58
205
6
5
466
6
95
1907-8
35
98
13
11
175
CO
42
1908-9
1909-10
1910-11
1912-13
The daily sick rate for employees, which includes the sick in hos-
pitals, sick camps, and qu-arters, was 19.04 per 1,000, compared to
24.77 for 1910-11 and 22.91 per 1,000 for 1911-12.
The daily per capita cost of subsistence for all patients was $0,246.
The per capita cost of patients treated in hospitals was $1.23 per day.
Deducting from this amount the receipts for treatment of patients
not entitled to free treatment, the net per capita cost was $0.93
per day.
The morbidity rate of malaria is taken as an index for health con-
ditions on the Isthmus. The following^ table shows the a(] mission
rate per 1,000 since 1904 of employees sick with malaria:
Per 1,000.
1904-5 162
1905-6 727
1906-7 625
1907-8 287
1908-9 312
1909-10 183
1910-11 202
1911-12 143
1912-13 102
DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION.
529
One case of yellow fever oecuiTing on a ship from Guayaquil, Ecua-
dor, was isolated in Santo Tomas Hospital, and died there on July
14, 1912. With this exception no cases of yellow fever, smallpox,
or plague occurred on or were brought to the Isthmus during the
year.
Very respectfully, W. C. Gorgas,
Ohief Sanitary Officer.
Col. Geo. W. Goethals, United States Army,
Ghairma7i and Chief Engineer, Culehra, Canal Zone.
Vital Statistics, Fiscal Year 1912-13.
Deaths of employees of the Isthmian Canal Commission and Panama R. R. Co.
Average
number
of em-
ployees.
Total number of deaths from —
Annual death rate per 1,000.
Color.
Disease.
Violence.
AU
causes.
Disease.
Violence.
AU
causes.
White
12, 602
41,398
56
263
38
126
94
389
4.44
6.35
3.02
3.04
7.46
9.39
Total
54,000
319
164
483
5.91
3.03
8.94
Deaths in the cities of Panama and Colon, and the Canal Zone.
Place.
Popu-
lation.
Deaths.
Annual
average
per 1,000.
47, 172
20, 232
64,461
1,413
493
1,038
29.95
24.37
16.10
Total
131,865
2,944
22.33
Note. — The figures relating to the number of employees are oompEed from the pay rolls of the different
months of the year. The population and deaths as given for the cities of Panama, Colon, and the Canal
Zone include employees and civil population.
Total admissions of employees to hospitals and sick camps, including those sick in quarters 33,779
Average per 1,000 of admissions of employees to hospitals and sick camps, including those sick in quar-
ters 626
11834°— 13-
-34
530
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Deaths by aye, color, and sex.
White.
Colored.
YeLlo^v.
Total.
Age.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total
Under 1 year
lto4 years
66
21
5
6
54
59
38
22
6
5
2
41
15
4
9
21
19
8
7
4
2
107
36
9
15
75
78
46
29
10
7
2
455
113
27
72
351
217
169
71
40
11
5
352
95
26
47
137
110
57
31
23
18
4
2
1
6
807
208
53
119
488
327
226
102
63
29
9
2
1
45
1
1
522
134
32
79
414
284
214
100
49
16
7
393
110
31
56
159
129
65
38
27
20
4
2
1
7
915
244
5 to 10 years
11 to 20 years
21 to 30 years
31 to 40 years
41 to 50 years
51 to 60 years
61 to 70 "years
71 to 80 years
81 to 90 years
i'
9
8
7
7
3
1
i
1
1
10
8
7
7
3
63
135
573
413
279
138
76
36
11
91 to 100 years
2
101 to 110 years
1
Unknown
12
1
13
39
51
58
Total
296 131
427
1,570
909
2,479
36
2
38
1,902
1,042
2,944
Deaths by nationality.
Nations.
Em-
ployees.
Nonem-
ployees.
Total.
Nations.
Em-
ployees.
Nonem-
ployees.
Total.
Antifoia
10
1
100
1
13
1
260
23
2
360
1
2
4
34
110
7
5
3
9
1
3
7
5
1
6
14
2
1
13
34
27
1
5
12
2
2
2
1
10
138
1
474
612
Austria
Norway
1
Barbados
Japan
1
56
5
13
1
Bermuda Islands
Martinique
19
Bolivia
2
4
34
96
6
5
3
6
Mexico
5
Chile '..
5
4
2
18
China '
4
Colombia
14
1
Neyis
3
4
1,1S3
1
5
Costa Rica
4
Cuba
17
2
1 200
Peru
9
Demerara
3
1
Denmark
1
1
Dominican Republic.
2
7
4
Russia
1
1
2
1
1
Ecuador
Sal)a
1
England
6
3
Salvador
2
Finland,
Scotland
1
Fortune Islands
St. Croix
1
6
11
1
France
11
2
1
7
21
15
1
3
9
2
2
1
St Kitts
3
48
2
7
35
16
1
g
Germany
St. Lucia
59
Grand Cayman
St. Thomas
2
Greece
6
13
12
St ^'tncent
11
36
5
2
1
36
1
18
Grenada
Spain
71
Guadclouiie
Trinidad
21
Guatemala . .
Turks Island
Turkey
3
Guiajia, British
2
3
1
Haiti
United States
45
14
81
Holland
8
Honduras
West Indies . .
5
India
1
1
2
Unknown
1
15
Total
Italy
8
483
2,461
2,944
DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION. 531
CaitMS of deaths of employees of the Isthmian Canal Commission and Panama Railroad.
Causes of death.
Alcoholism, acute and
chronic
Anemia
Aneurism
Apoplexy
Appendicitis
Bilnarziasis, intestinal —
Biliary calculi
Brain:
Softening of
Tumor of
Calculi of urinary pas-
sages
Cancer of intestines
Cancer and other malig-
nant tumors of stomach
and liver
Cancer of organs not spec-
ified
Cerebrospinal fever
Colitis
Diphtheria
Dysentery-
BacUlary
Entamebic
Unclassified
Embolism and throm-
bosis
Endocarditis, acute and
chronic
Epilepsy
Fever:
Hemoglobinuric
Malaria
Malaria, estivo au-
tumnal
Typhoid
Heart, organic disease of.
Hernia, intestinal ob-
structions
Indigestion, acute
Infection of unknown ori-
gin
Intestines, disease of
Laryngitis
Liver:
Abscess of
Cirrhosis of
Disease of ,
Abscess of
Gangrene of
Meningitis:
Pneumococcus
Simple
Mouth and annexa, dis-
ease of
White.
Col-
ored.
Total.
Causes of death.
DISEASE — Continued .
Nephritis:
Acute
Chronic
Other diseases of the kid-
neys and annexa
Other forms of mental
alienation
Other diseases of skin and
annexa
Pellagra
Peritonitis, simple
Pharynx, disease of
Phlegmon and cellulitis . .
Pneumonia
Lobar
Pott's disease
Pulmonary congest ion . . .
Pyemia
Pyemia and septicemia,
pneumococcic
Senility
Septicemia
Purulent infection
and
Spinal cord, disease of —
Sudden death ,
Syphilis
Tetanus ,
Tuberculosis:
Abdominal
Disseminated
Miliary
Pulmonary
Ulcer:
Of the stomach
Duodenal
Urethra, diseases of
Undiagnosed
VIOLENCE.
Absorption of deleterious
gases
Accidental traumatisms,
various
Bums and scalds
Drowning, accidental
Dynamite explosions
Electric shock
Homicides
Poisonings, acute
Railroad accidents
Other external violence .
Total
White.
94
Col-
ored.
Total.
532
KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Deaths of white employees from the United States.
Name.
Division.
Time on
Isthmus.
Age.
Cause of death.
July, 1912.
Riley, Thomas
Pacific division
13 months...
25
August, 1912.
Gamion, Margaret E
Lockes, Charles F
Sanitary department
Mechanical division
4i years
2| years
4J years
5 years
6 years
29
35
36
50
47
Acute mania.
Painter, Joseph H
Other acute poisonings.
Acute cholangitis.
Chronic nephritis.
Strock, James Ransom
Smith, Alfred
Mechanical division
Central division
September, 1912.
Fay, Lawrence B
Chief engineer's ofTice
Pacific division
McChntic-Marshall Co
1§ years
5 days
28
Traumatism by fall.
Raihoad traumatism.
Hanley, Wm. H
Ray, Edward
19 months...
40
Acute alcoholism.
October, 1912.
Frost, Walter B
Engineering and construc-
tion.
Pacific division
2 years
If years
1 day
23
29
45
Tubercular peritonitis.
Reed, W. F
Stannage, Thomas
Chairman's office
Pmulent infection and sep-
ticemia.
November, 1912.
Purcell, John J
Mechanical division
4f years
44
Railroad traumatism.
Decembers 1912.
May, Duncan
Mechanical division
Police department
6tV years
7 years
32
38
Accidental drowning.
Softening of brain.
Wood, Benj. F
January, 1913.
Cunningham, Leslie C
Kallish, B. .\
Mohan, Michael J
Mechanical division
Panama Raihoad Co
McCliutic-Marshall Co
9 days
20 years
10 months...
7 years
26
53
27
22
Railroad traumatLsm.
Softening of brain.
Traumatism by fall.
Wood, Harold
Traumatism by machines.
February, 1913.
Catto, John F
Quartermaster's depart-
ment.
Fifth division
7 years
4 months
3 months
40
33
26
33
Railroad traumatism.
Evans, Charles E
Septicemia.
Mulligan, T. J
McClmtic-Marshall Co
Commissary department
Cerebral syphilis.
Stern, Harry
Homicide by firearms.
March, 1913.
Mattimore, H . B
Mechanical division
49
Perforated gastric ulcer.
April, 1913.
Devers, Hughes
McClintic-Marshall Co
do... . ....
5 months —
14 months...
4 years
11 years
7 years
11 years
24
31
34
40
31
44
Traumatism by fall.
Do.
Johnson, Olaf W"
Atlantic division
Infection of undetermined
Dredging division
origin.
Organic disease of heart.
Swinehart, Charles.
Central d ivision
Traumatism by landslides.
Wallace, Ross S
McClintic-Marshall Co
Traumatism by fall.
. May, 1913.
Sanitary department
9 years
3?
Organic disease of heart.
June, 1913.
Allen, W. J
Atlantic division
6 years
6 J years
5 weeks
8 months
52
53
22
35
Cerebral hemorrhage.
Nicholson, John E
American Ckjment Tile Co. .
First division
Malaria fi'V(n' E. A.
Stevenson, Olaf P. . . .
Traumatism by machines.
DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION.
Deaths of white women and children from the United States.
533
Name.
Time on
Isthmus.
Age.
Cause of death.
July, 191S.
Farley, Thelma
Jerry," Carl Nelson, jr
Reidy, Johii \';iu};hn
Rohden, Mrs. N
Wilson, Pearl
August, 1912.
Du vail, Fredericka
Kane, Mrs. Geo. N
Shearer, Mrs. S. G
September, 191S.
Abendroth (infant)
Allen, Margaret E
October, 1912.
Clarke (infant)
November, 1912.
Lohman, Mrs. Chas. F
WiUett (infant)
February, 1913.
Anderson, Mrs. Norman C.
Lampson, Mrs. O. R
Wuelper, Josephene
^farch, 1913.
Browning, Mrs. W. S
Keenan (infant) No. 1
Keenan (infant) No. 2
Kerr (infant)
May, 1913.
Grout, Mary A
Hanson, Herbert
June, 1913.
Cameron, Mrs. John
Hess (infant)
Watkins (infant)
3 years . .
3 days...
7 weeks.
4 years . .
1 year...
2 years . . .
6 months.
2 years . . .
2 days
15 months.
9 days.
3 years.
5 hours .
3 years .
5 years .
6 "years .
6 years . .
47 days..
49 days..
11 hours.
2 years .
3 years .
6 months.
8 days
2 days
4 years . .
3 days. . .
7 weeks.
48 years .
26 years .
2 years . .
63 years.
2 days..
3 years .
9 days.
36 years .
5 hours. .
26 years .
34 years .
29 years .
49 years .
47 days..
49 days..
11 hours.
64 years .
14 years .
45 years .
8 days...
2 days...
Chronic nephritis.
Convulsions of infants.
Acute mdigestion.
Embolism.
Acute enterocolitis.
Cerebrospinal meningitis.
Diabetes.
Extra uterinepregnancy.
Premature birth.
Accidental drowning.
Premature birth.
Chronic nephritis.
Premature birth.
Eclampsia.
Intestinal obstruction.
Disseminated tuberculosis.
Cerebral apoplexy.
Premature birth.
Do.
Do.
Cancer of peritoneum, intestines, and
rectum.
Pott's disease.
Malaria fever, estivo-autumnal.
Premature birth.
Do.
Death rate among Americans on the Isthmus.
Number
of
deaths.
Aimual
average
per 1,000.
Average number of white employees from the United States (6,504):
Disease . .
20
15
35
24
1
25
44
16
60
44
23
67
3.07
2.31
All causes
5.38
Average number of white women and children from the United States (4,583):
5.24
.22
5.46
Average number of white employees and their families from the United States
(11087):
3.97
Violence
1.44
5.41
Total number of Americans on Uie Canal Zone (12,404): i
3.55
Violence
1.85
5.40
1 The figures representing the total number of Americans on the Canal Zone include employees and
their families and the officers and men of the Tenth Infantry and Marines and their families.
534 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Causes and places of death of employees and civil population.
Diseases.
General diseases.
Typhoid fever
Malaria
Malaria fever:
Estivo-autumnal
Tertian
Undetermined
Clinical
Cachexia
Hemoglobinuric fever, malarial
Whooping cough
Diphtheria and croup
Influenza
Dysentery
Entamebic
Bacillary
Unclassified
Leprosy
Erysipelas
Chicken pox
Purulent infection and septicemia
Pyemia
Septicemia
Pyemia and septicemia, pneumococcic
Tetanus
Pellagra
Beriberi
Tuberculosis of the lungs
Acute miliary tuberculosis
Tuberculous meningitis
Abdominal tuberculosis
Pott's disease
Tuberculosis of the larynx
Tuberculous abscess
Disseminated tuberculosis
Rickets
Syphilis:
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Hereditary
Period not stated
Gonorrheal arthritis
Gonorrheal orchitis and epididymitis
Cancer and other malignant tumors:
Buccal cavity
Stomach and liver
Peritoneum, intestines, rectum
Female genital organs
Breast
Skin
Other organs and of organs not specified.
Acute articular rheumatism
Diabetes
Hodgkin's disease
Anemia:
Chlorosis
Primary, pernicious
Secondary, cause not determined
Alcoholism (acute or chronic)
Acute
Chronic
Drug habit
Diseases of the nervous system and of the organs of special
sense.
Encephalitis
Simple meningitis
Cerenrospinal fever
Pneumococcus meningitis
Other diseases of the spinal cord
Acute anterior poliomyelitis
Cerebral hemorrhage, apoplexy
Softening of the brain
Paralysis without specified cause
General paralysis of the insain' ,
Other forms of nn'ntnl alienation
Epilepsy
A neon
Hospi-
tal.
Colon
Hospi-
tal.
Pana-
ma.
15
158
Colon.
Zone.
Total.
DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION. 535
Causes and places of death of employees and civil population — Continued.
Diseases.
Diseases of the nervous system and of the organs of
special scrisc— Contiiuied.
Convulsions:
Nonpuerporal, 5 years and over
Infants, under 5 years of age
Neuritis
Other diseases of the nervous system
Tumor of the brain
Neurasthenia
Diseases of the circulatory systcvi.
Pericarditis
Acute endocarditis
Malignant endocarditis
Organic diseases of the heart
Angina pectoris
Diseases of the arteries, atheroma, an((urysin, etc ,
Aneurysm ,
Arteriosclerosis
Eml)olism and thrombosis
Diseases of the veins (varices, hemorrhoids, phlebitis,
etc.).
A neon
Hospi-
tal.
Diseases of the lymphatic system (lymphangitis, etc.).
Lymphadenitis (nonvenereal)
Hemorrhage; other diseases of the circulatory system..
Diseases of the respiratory system.
Diseases of the larynx
LarjTigitis
Acute bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis
Broncho-pneumonia
Pneumonia (unqualified)
Lobar pneumonia
Pleurisy
Empyema
Pulmonary congestion, pulmonary apoplexy
Gangrene of the lungs
Other diseases of the respiratory system (tuberculosis
excepted)
Abscess of lungs
Diseases oftlie digestive system.
Diseases of the mouth and adnexa
Diseases of the teeth and gums
Stomatitis
Disea.ses of the pharjTix
Stricture of the e.sophagus
Ulcer of the stomach
Other diseases of the stomach (cancer excepted)
Acute gastritis
Acute indigestion
Diarrhea and enteritis (under 2 years)
Colitis (under 2 years)
Diarrhea and enteritis (2 years and over)
Colitis (2 years and over)
Ankylostomiasis
Intestinal parasites
Ascaridiasis
Bilharziosis, intestinal
Appendicitis and typhlitis
Acute appendicitis
Hernia, inti'Stinal obstructions
Other hernias
Intestinal obstruction
Other diseases of the intestines
Duodenal ulcer
Cirrhosis of the liver
Biliary calculi
Other diseases of the liver
Abscess of liver (unqualified)
Abscess of the liver, entamoebic
Cholecystitis
Abscess of spleen
Simple peritonitis (nonpuerperal)
Other diseases of the digestive system (cancer and tu-
berculosis excepted)
Colon
Hospi-
tal.
Pana-
ma.
Zone.
29
Total.
536 REPORT- ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Causes and places of death of employees and civil population^Gontxaued.
Diseases.
A neon
Hospi-
tal.
Colon
Hospi-
tal.
Pana-
ma.
Colon.
Zone.
Nonvenereal diseases of the genito-urinary system and
adnexa.
Acute nephritis
Bright's disea.se (chronic nephritis)
Other diseases of the kidney and adnexa
Pyelonephrosis
Calculi of the urinary passages
Cystitis
Diseases of the urethra, urinary abscess, etc
Stricture of the urethra, nonvenereal
Vesico- vaginal fistula ,
Diseases of the prostate
Chronic prostatitis
Hydrocele
Uterine tumor (noncancerous)
Salpingitis and other diseases of the female genital
organs
Tile puerperal state.
Accidents of pregnancy
Extra-uterine pregnancy
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Abortion
Puerperal hemorrhage
Puerperal septicemia
Puerperal albuminuria and convulsions
Eclampsia
Following cliildbirth (not otherwise defined).
Diseases of the skin and of the cellular tissue.
Gangrene
Furuncle
Carbuncle
Acute abscess : . . .
Phlegmon and cellulitis
Elephantiasis
Other diseases of the skin and annexa.
Diseases of the bones and of the organs of locomotion.
Diseases of the bones (tuberculosis excepted)
Malformations.
Congenital malformations (stillbirth not included). . .
Diseases of early infancy.
Newborn child
Congenital debiUty, icterus, and sclerema
Premature birth
Congenital debiUty
Malnutrition
Other causes peculiar to early infancy (including vari-
ous consequences of labor)
Lack of care
Old age.
Senility.
Affections produced by external causes.
Suicide by poisoning
Suicide by hanging or strangulation
Suicide by drowning
Suicide by firearms
Other acute poisonings
Burns (conflagration excepted)
Absorption of deleterious gases (conflagration excepted)
Accidental drowning
Traumatism by firearms
Traumatism by cutting or piercing instruments
Traumatism:
Fall
Mines and quarries
Machines
Other crushings (vehicles, railroads, landslides,
etc.)
1
13
16
17
114
6
1
DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION. 537
Causes and places of death of employees and civil population — Continued.
Diseases.
Ancon
Hospi-
tal.
Colon
Hospi-
tal.
Pana-
ma.
Colon.
Zone.
Total.
Affections produced by external causes — Continued.
Railroad traumatism
Dynamite traumatism
Traumatism by landslides
Injuries by animals
Electricity (lightning excepted)
Homicide by firearms
Homocide by cutting or piercing instruments.
Homicide by other means
Other external violence
Ill-defined diseases.
Ill-defined organic diseases
Sudden death
Cause of death not specified or ill-defined.
Infections of undetermined origin
Total.
StiUbirths..
552
1
241
21
1,192
129
315
62
644
107
Grand total.
553
262
1,321
377
751
2,944
320
3,264
Note.— The deaths occurring in Ancon and Colon hospitals resulting from illness, injury, or other cases
admitted from the cities of Panama and Colon, or from the Canal Zone, are in the table of \4tal statistics,
credited to the places from whence they were admitted.
Table showing discharges and deaths of employ eea in the hospitals of the Isthmian Canal
Commission, from all causes, for the fiscal year 1912—13.
Diseases.
Died.
General diseases.
Typhoid fever
Malarial fever:
Estivo-autumnal
Tertian
Quartan
MLxed
Undetermined
Clinical
Cache.xia
Hemoglobinuric fever, malarial
Vaccinia
Measles
Scarlet fever
Diphtheria and croup
Influenza
Dysentery
Entamoebic
Bacillary
Unclassified
Leprosy
Erysipelas
Dengue
Chicken pox
Mumps
Hemoglobinuric fever, unqualified
Yaws
Filariasis
Acute infectious jaundice (Weil's disease) .
Purulent infection and septicemia
Pyemia
Septicemia
Pyemia and septicemia, pneumococcic
Tetanus
Mycoses
Actinomycosis
Pellagra
Tuberculosis of the lungs
Acute miliary tuberculosis
Tuberculous meningitis
Abdominal tuberculosis
Pott's disease
538
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Table showing discharges and deaths of employees in the hospitals of the Isthmian Canal
Commission, from all causes, for the fiscal year 191ii-lS — Continued.
Diseases.
Discharged.
Tuberculosis:
Bones and joints .
Other organs
Larynx
Skin
General diseases — Continued.
Lymph glands
Genito-urinary organs
Disseminated tuberculosis
Syphilis:
I'rimary
Secondary
Tertiary
Period not stated
Gonococcus infection
Gonorrhea
Gonorrheal:
Arthritis
Bubo
Orchitis and epididymitis
Ophthalmia
Soft chancre
Adenitis chancroidal
Cancer and other malignant tumors of the stomach and liver
Cancer and other malignant tumors of the peritoneum, intestines, rectum.
Cancer and other malignant tumors of the female genital organs
Cancer and other malignant tumors:
Breast
Skin.
Other organs and of organs not specified
Other tumors (tumors of the female genital organs excepted) .
Acute articular rheumatism
Chronic rheumatism and gout
Gout.
Arthritis deformans
Diabetes
Anemia, chlorosis
Anemia secondary, cause not determined.
Other general diseases
Alcoholism:
Acute or chronic
Acute
Chronic
Alcoholic psychosis
Other chronic occupation poisonings
Other chronic poisonings
Diseases of the nervous system, and of the organs of special sense.
Simple meningitis
Pneumococcus meningitis
Locomotor ataxia
Other diseases of the spinal cord
Cerebral hemorrhage, apoplexy
Softening of the brain ,
Paralysis without specified cause
Other forms of mental alienation
Dementia precox
Fpilepsy
Hysteria
N euralgia
Neuritis
Other diseases of the nervous system.
Tumor of the brain
Neurasthenia
Diseases of the eyes and their annexa.
Follicular conjunctivitis
Trachoma
Diseases of the ears
Diseases ofthe circulatory system.
Pericarditis
Acute endocarditis
Organic diseases of the heart
Aneurysm
Arteriosclerosis
Embolism and thrombosis
Diseases of the veins (varices hemorrhoids, phlebitis, etc.).
Hemorrhoids
Varices
Varicocele
7
4
1
1
10
3
2
34
155
247
97
28
386
66
24
93
7
413
159
2
3
1
2
3
6
48
28
2
1
1
5
183
513
92
2
219
11
134
15
55
DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION.
539
Table showing discharge:^ and deaths of employees in the hospitals of the Isthmian Canal
Commission, from all causes, for the fiscal year 191J-13 — Continued.
Diseases.
Discharged.
Died.
Diseases of the ciTculatory system — Continued.
Phlebitis
Diseases of the lymphatic system (lymphangitis, etc.).
Lymphadenitis (nonvenereal)
Hemorrhage; other diseases of the circulatory system.
Diseases of the respiratory system.
Diseases of the nasal fossae
Adenoid vegetations
Myiasis of nasal fossae and sinuses
Diseases of the larynx
Laryngitis
Diseases of the thyroid body
Acute bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis
Broncho-pneumonia
Pneumonia (unqualified)
Lobar pneumonia
Pleurisy
Empyema
Pulmonary congestion, pulmonary apoplexy
Gangrene of the lungs
Asthma ,
Pulmonary emphysema
Other diseases of the respiratory system (tuberculosis excepted).
Abscess of lungs
Hay fever
Diseases of the digestive system.
Diseases of the mouth and annexa
Diseases of the teeth and gums
Stomatitis
Diseases of the pharynx
Pharyngitis
Follicular tonsillitis
Diseases of the oesophagus
Ulcer of the stomach
Other diseases of the stomach (cancer excepted).
Gastroectasis
Acute gastritis
Chronic gastritis
Acute indigestion
Diarrhea and enteritis (2 years and over)
Colitis I
Ankylostomiasis :
Intestinal parasites
Ascaridiasis
Bilharziasis, intestinal
Taeniasis
Appendicitis and typhlitis
Acute appendicitis
Chronic appendicitis
Hernia, intestinal obstructions
Inguinal hernia
Other hernias
Other diseases of the intestines
Constipation
Duodenal ulcer
Hydatid tumor of the liver
Cirrhosis of the liver
B iliary calculi
Other diseases of the liver
Abscess of liver (unqualified)
Abscess of the liver entamoelaic
Cholecystitis
Diseases of the spleen
Abscess of spleen
Simple peritonitis (nonpuerperal)
Nonvenereal diseases of the genito-urinary system and annexa.
Acute nephritis
Bright's disease (chronic nephritis)
Other diseases of the kidney and aimexa
Pyelo-nephrosis
Calculi of the urinary passages
Diseases of the bladder."
Cystitis
16
21
3
95
60
194
1
18
91
5
47
80
133
138
15
59
1
1
4
6
70
73
62
1
269
16
50
127
8
1
10
7
23
9
1
11
4
2
16
540
EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION,
Table showing discharges and deaths of employees in the hospitals of the Isthmian Caral
Commission, from all causes, for the fiscal year 1912-13 — Continued.
Diseases.
Discharged.
Nonvenereal diseases of the genito-urinary system and annexa— Continued.
Diseases of the urethra, urinary abscess, etc
Stricture of the urethra, nonvenereal
Acute prostatitis
Chronic prostatitis
Hypertrophy of prostate
Nonvenereal diseases of the male genital organs
nsematocele
Hydrocele
Chy locele
Uterine hemorrhage (nonpuerperal)
Uterine tumor (noncancerous)
Other diseases of the uterus
Cysts and other tumors of the ovary
Salpingitis and other diseases of the female genital organs.
The puerperal state.
Normal labor
Accidents of pregnancy.
Abortion
Diseases of the skin and of the cellular tissue.
Gangrene
Furuncle
Carbuncle
Acute abscess
Phlegmon and cellulitis
Trichophytosis
Scabies
Chiggers ( Pulex penetrans)
Red bug
Pemphigiis contagiosus
Elephantiasis
Dhobie itch
Ulcer of the skin
Oriental sore ( Leishmaniosis)
Impetigo contagiosa
Urticaria
Ingrowing nail
Other diseases of the skin and annexa.
Diseases of the bones and of the organs of locomotion.
Diseases of the bones (tuberculosis excepted)
Caries (nontuberculous)
Mastoid abscess
Osteomyelitis
Periostitis
Diseases of the joints (tuberculosis and rheumatism excepted) .
Ankylosis
Arthritis
Synovitis
Amputations
Other diseases of the organs of locomotion
Malformations.
Congenital malformations (stillbirth not included^.
Old age.
Senility.
Affections produced by external causes.
Poisoning by food
Other acute poisonings
Venomous bitea and stings
Snake bites
Burns (conflagr^ation excepted)
Absorption of deleterious gases (conflagration excepted).
Traumatism:
Firearms
Cutting or piercing instruments
FaU
Mines and quarries
Machines
Other cni.shings (vehicles, railroads, landslides, etc.).
Railroad traumatism
Dynamite traumatism
1
95
26
286
115
3
3
1
2
1
56
127
7
9
S
30
165
34
5
2
7
15
10
2
71
38
58
189
24
680
739
173
360
Z30
280
76
DEPARTMENT OP SANITATION.
541
Table showing discharges atul deaths of employees in the hospitals of the Isthmian Canal
Commission, from all causes, for the fiscal year 191^-13 — Continued.
Diseases.
Discharged
Affections produced by external causes— Continued.
Traumatism by landslides
Injuries by animals
Starvation
Heat exliaustion
Liglitning
Electricity (lightning excepted).
Fractures (cause not specified). .
Dislocations
Sprains
Other external violence
Ill-defined diseases.
Ill-defined organic disease
Cause of death or disease not specified or ill-defined..
Infections of undetermined origin
No disease
Feigned disease
Total.
40
8
2
1
3
5
520
25
161
2,634
10
21,359
324
Consolidated hospital report.
Hospitals.
Remain-
ing July
Admitted.
Died.
Discharged.
Trans-
ferred.
Remain
ing
June 30.
i
•6
1
i
i
o
!
i
2
•6
1
o
O
o
"o
O
3
1
3
Aneon Hospital:
266
106
25
466
89
261
6,922
2, 886
31
10,180
1,844
182
38
45
2
213
210
44
5,494
2,657
19
9,981
1,584
78
1,434
160
4
66
39
26
222
130
31
386
Nonemployees
100
Insane
295
Total
397
93
45
816
9,839
12,206
85
467
8,170
11,643
1,598
131
383
63
42
7S1
C!olon Hospital:
Employees
79
71
2,859
1,407
1,531
1,770
18
21
49
153
2,382
1,370
1,492
1,581
489
19
3
16
66
Nonemployees
91
Total
138
150
6
1
47
4,266
21
3,301
102
39
202
6
3,752
19
3,073
86
508
2
19
16
105
157
Culebra Hospital: Nonemployees...
Palo Seco Leper Asylum:
Employees
i"
1
12
2
6
Nonemployees
2
....
8
2
3
43
Total
2
41
18
48
1
1,953
1,189
13
8
8
2
3
43
Taboga Sanitarium:
Employees
1,938
1,193
23
1
33
13
Nonemployees
Total
59
3,142
3,131
24
46
Grand totals:
Employees
400
171
25
546
213
261
11,734
5,504
31
11,712
3,728
182
56
66
2
262
377
44
9,814
5,239
19
11,475
3,257
78
1,946
182
4
69
73
26
318
188
31
452
Nonemployees
234
Insane
295
Total
596
1,020
17,269
15, 622
124
683
15, 072
14,810
2, 132
168
537
981
542
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Consolidated sick camp report.
Stations.
Remain-
ing
July 1.
Admitted.
Died.
Discharged.
Trans-
ferred.
Remain-
ing
June 30.
s
1
1
4
3
•d
.2
3
i
1
■6
1
Miraflores
4
2
1
2
1
3
2
1
4
6
4
1
4
8
14
8
2
265
110
67
364
129
70
46
30
401
42
143
87
358
209
228
515
445
181
125
364
988
432
398
246
123
57
31
260
104
59
39
26
206
25
114
25
227
94
98
373
342
169
109
308
620
251
352
90
146
55
37
104
26
14
6
4
200
17
27
62
133
116
134
147
107
13
10
63
382
189
45
155
Pedro Miguel
Paraiso
Culebra
2
Empire
Las Cascadas
Bas Obispo
10
Gorgona
Gatun
5
Cristobal
Porto Bello
1
1
1
1
2
Tore Point
1
Total
18
54
1,754
4,489
3
3
1,069
3,033
698
1,494
2
13
Consolidated report of employees sick in quarters.
Stations.
Days excused for quarters.
New patients excused for
quarters.
.
White.
Colored.
Total.
White.
Colored .
Total.
Naos Island
106
1,366
701
787
106
506
393
606
1,671
635
172
3,809
1,433
2,315
176
44
411
615
40
517
1,881
741
787
127
512
396
823
1,688
642
194
6,054
1,483
2,357
176
44
45
551
326
506
81
300
199
293
771
275
87
1,658
777
1,088
87
32
187
80
27
232
Ancon
631
Balboa
353
Corozal
506
Miraflores
21
6
3
217
17
7
22
2,245
50
42
19
2
1
88
6
2
7
785
4
13
100
Pedro Miguel
302
Paraiso
200
Culebra
381
Empire
777
Las Cascadas
277
Bas Obispo
94
Gorgona
2 443
Gatun
781
Cristobal
1 101
Porto Bello
87
Tore Point
32
Total
14, 826
3,596
18,422
7,076
1,221
8,297
Consolidated hospital, sick camp, and sick-in-qiiarters report.
Remain-
ing July 1.
Admittca.
Died.
Discharged.
Trans-
ferred.
Re-
main-
ing
Juno 30.
s
1
'3
o
6
i
2
i
o
"o
o
2
i
o
O
i
2
.2
8
2
i
o
O
Hospitals . .
596
18
1,020
54
17,269
1,754
15,622
4,489
124
3
683
3
15,072
1,069
14,810
3,033
2,132
698
168
1,494
537
2
981
Sick camps..
13
Total
614
1,074
19, 023
20,111
127
686
16,141
17,843
2,830
1,662
539
994
DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION. 543
Consolidated hospital, sick camp, and sick-in-quarters report — Continued.
White.
Colored.
Total.
Total admissions to hospitals and sick camps ,
Number of employees sick in quarters
Total
Less number of patients transferred from sick camps to hospitals, and
hospitals to sanitarium, whose admissions are duplicated in above figures
Net admissions to hospitals and sick camps, and those sick in quarters
19,023
7,076
20,111
1,221
26,099
2,830
21,332
1,662
23, 269
19, 670
39, 134
8, 297
47, 431
4,492
42, 939
Consolidated dispensary report.
stations.
Naos Island
Ancon
Balboa
Corozal
Miraflor^s
Pedro Miguel
Paraiso. ."
Culebra
Empire
LasCascadas
Bas Obispo
Gorgona..
Gatun
Cristobal
Porto Bello
Toro Point
Margarita Point .
Total 213,705
Employees.
White. Colored. Total
1,491
7,801
21,. 548
16,472
23.014
18,267
6,648
16,110
14,316
5, 459
9,179
19,837
31,578
12, 658
4,357
3,671
1,299
9,727
20, 102
27, 933
13,795
32,367
17,013
5,046
17,216
24, 687
5,261
12, 485
19, 556
38,334
17,353
7,396
7,976
3,520
279,767 493,472
11,218
27, 903
49, 481
30, 267
55, 381
35, 280
11,694
33,326
39,003
10, 720
21,664
39,393
69,912
30,011
11,753
11,647
4,819
Nonemployees.
White. Colored. Total.
4,140
1,160
4,389
630
2,580
2,931
5,674
7,891
4,792
2,989
6,858
5,473
5,820
966
981
57,274
6
4,784
575
2,001
599
2,004
1,825
6,463
5, 503
3,368
3,362
6,423
5,164
3,. 501
1,184
531
47,293
8,924
1,735
6,390
1,229
4,584
4,756
12,137
13,394
8,160
6,351
13,281
10, 637
9,321
2,150
1,512
104,567
Total.
White. ' Colored.
1,491
11,941
22, 708
20, 861
23, 644
20, 847
9,579
21,784
22, 207
10, 251
12,168
26, 695
37,051
18,478
5,323
4,652
1,299
270,979
9, 733
24, 886
28, 508
15, 796
32, 966
19,017
6,871
23, 679
30, 190
8,629
15, 847
25, 979
43, 498
20,854
8,580
8,507
3,520
327,060
Total.
11,224
36, 827
51,216
36, 657
56,610
39, 864
16, 450
45, 463
52, 397
18, 880
28,015
52,674
80,549
39,332
13,903
13, 159
4,819
598, 039
Average number of employees constantly sick in hospitals, sick camps, and quarters.
Hospitals.
White.
Colored.
Total.
Ancon Hospital
239.33
101.00
472.33
80.02
.46
711.66
Colon Hospital
181 02
Palo Seco Leper Asylum
.46
Taboga Sanitarium!
36.06
36.06
Total
376.39
552. 81
929 20
Stations.
Sick camps.
Sick in quarters.
White.
Colored.
Total.
White.
Colored.
Total.
Naos Island
0.29
3.74
1.92
2.16
.29
1.38
1.08
1.66
4.58
1.74
.47
10.43
3.92
6.34
.48
.12
1.13
1.41
.11
1 42
Ahcon
5.15
Balboa
2.03
Corozal
2.16
Miraflores
1.42
.66
.44
3.25
1.01
.98
.62
.28
2.37
.24
1.52
.33
1.73
1.10
1.38
4.68
2.95
2.84
2.40
3.84
6.81
2.21
4.34
1.04
3.15
1.76
1.82
7.93
3.96
3.82
3.02
4.12
9.18
2.45
5.86
1.37
.06
.02
.01
.59
.05
.02
.06
6.15
.14
.12
.35
Pedro Miguel
1.40
Paraiso
1 09
Culebra
2 25
Empire
4 63
Las Cascadas
1 76
Bas Obispo
53
Gorgona
16 58
Gatun
4 06
Cristobal
6 46
Porto Bello
48
Toro Point ■
12
Total
13.12
35.32
48.44
40.60
9.87
50 47
544
KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Average number of employees constantly sick.
White. Colored. Total
Hospitals
Sick camps
Sick in quarters
Total
376. 39
13.12
40.60
552. 81
35.32
9.87
929. 20
48.44
50.47
1,028.11
Average number of employees constantly sick per 1,000.
White. Colored. Total
Hospitals
Sick camps
Sick in quarters
Total
29.87
1.04
3.22
13.35
.85
.24
17.21
.90
.93
34.13
Average number of days' treatment per employee in hospitals, sick camps, and quarters.
Hospitals.
White.
Colored.
Total.
Ancon Hospital
Colon Hospital
Palo Seco Leper Asylum.
Taboga Sanitarium
12.54
12.76
16.80
18.92
84.50
15.08
14.91
84.50
6.71
Total.
11.63
17.09
14.36
Stations.
Sick camps.
Quarters.
White.
Colored.
Total.
White.
Colored.
Total.
2.37
2.48
2.15
1.56
1.31
1.68
1.97
2.07
2.17
2.31
1.98
2.30
1.84
2.10
2.02
1.38
2.19
6.44
1.48
2.23
2.98
2.10
1.56
1.93
2.15
2.37
3.25
2.83
4.89
5.00
3.43
2.13
2.12
3.89
1.40
1.75
1.92
2.17
3.28
2.40
5.70
7.38
3.76
2.48
1.83
3.98
1.54
1.83
2.00
2.21
3.26
2.50
5.47
6.71
3.74
2.38
1.86
3.96
1.51
1.11
3.00
3.00
2.47
2.83
3.50
3.14
2.86
12.50
3.23
1.27
1.69
1.98
2.16
2.17
2.32
2.06
2.48
1.90
2.17
2.02
1.38
Total
2.71
2.85
2.81
2.10
2.95
2.22
Subsistence and operating expenses.
SUBSISTENCE EXPENSES.
Number of days' rations issued to patients
Cost of rations issued to patients
Cost of subsistence per patient per day
OPERATING EXPENSES.
Number of days' relief furnLshcd patients
Cost of operation
Cost per capita per day
Cost of operation with amount received from outside patients, etc.,
deducted
Cost per capita per day with above deduction
Cost of dispensaries
Hospitals.
579. 022
$142, 654. 48
$0. 246
579, 022
8713, 322. 88
$1.23
$541,226.24
$0. 93
$138, 636. 59
Sick
camps.
17.683
$4,275.82
$0,241
17,683
, 455. 95
$0.53
, 455. 95
$0.53
Total.
596, 705
$146,930.30
$0. 246
596, 705
$722, 778. 83
$1.21
$550, 682. 19
$0. 92
DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION. 545
Outside patients treated in hospitals, and amounts collected for their treatment.
Patients for whom the Republic of Panama pays 75 cents per day .
Patients for whom the Canal Zone Government pays 30 cents per
Patieiitspayins '30 cents per day for themselves.
Patients from the Republic of Panama paymg other prices
Patients from the Canal Zone paying other prices
Patients from the Canal Zone not paying
Patients from the Republic of Panama not paying
Total
Number of
cases
treated.
2,557
271
3,641
1,94.T
4,8r)7
2,922
606
16, 799
Number of
days'
relief.
72, 174
6,773
35, 535
19,007
36,260
52,945
7,399
230, 093
Amount.
$54, 130. 50
2,031.90
10, 660. .50
53, 945. 61
41,252.68
162, 021. 19
NOTE.-Patients carried from one month to another are considered as separate cases in above table.
Surgical operations performed in hospitals.
Number.
Amputations:
Shoulder
Arm
Forearm
Hip joint
Thigh
Leg
Foot
Digits, multiple
Leg, double
Operations on bones:
Craniectomy —
Decompressive
Exploratory
Laminectomy
Osteectomy
Resection of elbow
Wiring of fractures-
Simple
Compound
Adenectomy:
Cervical
Axillary
Inguinal —
Single
Double
Femoral
Herniotomy:
Inguinal —
Single
Double
Femoral
Ventral
Combined (any two of the
above)
Strangulated
Genitourinary tract:
Nephrotomy
Nephrectomy
Nephropexy
Perinephritic abscess, drain-
age of
Ureterotomy
Cystotomy
Urethrotomy —
Internal
External
Prostatectomy
Varicocele, radical cure
Hydrocele —
Single, radical cure . . .
Double, radical cure. . .
Orchidectomy
Epididymotomy
Amputation —
Scrotum
Penis
Penis and scrotum
Died.
20
1
8
32
1
62
27
23
17
460
123
27
214
106
40
53
3
36
82
15
16
112
23
4
6
Number.
Genitourinary tract — Contd.
Curetage uteri
Perineoplasty
Trachelorrhaphy
Vaginal sections
Vaginal punctures
Obstetrical:
Caesarian section, abdomi-
nal
Caasarian section, vaginal. .
E igh forceps
Low forceps
Version
Perineorrhaphy
Thora.x:
Thoracotomy
Thoracoplasty
Pneumothoracotomy
Pericardiotomy
Excision of breast and axilla
Rectum:
Hemorrhoids, radical cure . .
Fistula in anus, excision of. .
Prolapsus rectum, radical
excision
General:
Thyroidectomy
Aneurismorrhaphy
Varicose veins, excision of. .
Tenorrhaphy
Excision of surface neo-
plasms
Gunshot wound of soft
parts, operation for
Extensive injuries to soft
parts, operation for
Plastic operation for —
Congenital defect
Severe injuries
Effects of disease
Skin graft
Laparotomy:
For general peritonitis
For tuberculous peritonitis. .
For LQtestinal obstruction. .
Exploratory
Gastrotomy
Gastroenterostomy
Enteroenterostomy
Enterectomy
Enterorrhaphy
Appendectomy
Appendectomy—
With local peritonitis . .
With general peritonitis.
Colostomy
Sigmoidopexy
Resection of rectum
Died.
196
49
28
34
6
85
163
13
10
29
2
10
3
2
2
243
19
12
3
1
1
11834°— 13-
-35
546
EEPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Surgical operations performed in hospitals — C-ontinued.
Number.
Died.
Number.
Died.
Laparotomy— Cont inued.
3
13
2
14
4
3
23
21
46
9
22
34
21
6
i
3
1
1
i
i
Laparotomy — Continued.
Oophorectomy
3
64
93
8
1
4
2
1
1
3
125
3,591
Cholecvstostomy
Suspensio-iiteri
1
Cholecvstectomv
Plastic operation for chron-
ic pelvic peritonitis
For ectopic gestation
For trauma:
General peritonitis
Abscess of liver —
Laparohepatotomj- for. .
Thoracohepatotomy for.
i
1
Supravaginal hysterectomy.
Hysteromyomectomy
Kupture of liver
1
Rupture of spleen
Gunshot wound of abdomen
Stab wound of abdomen
Major operations, various other.
Minor operations, various
Total
1
Salpingectomy—
Single
2
1
2
Salpingo-oophorectomy
Ovarian cystectomy
6,972
68
Operations and work performed in eye, ear, nose, and throat clinics
Operations.
Abscess, parotid
Adenectomy
Advancement of external rectus
Advancement of internal rectus
Bowman's dilatation of lacrimal duct. . .
Capsulectomy
Cataract:
Discission of
Needling
Conjunctival cyst
Conjunctiva, papilloma
Cyst, sebaceous, e.xcision
Dacryocystotomy
Discission, juvenile cataract
Excision, melano-sarcoma
Enucleation
Evisceration
Excision of chalazion
Excision of cyst, iris
Expression for eyelid
Expressionforfoilicular conjunctivitis. .
Expression for trachoma
Extraction of cataract
Holsrath-Kuhnt operation
Incision of chalazion
IncLsion of peritonsillar abscess
Inferior turbinate, cauterizations
Iridectomy
Iridotomy
Killian's operation— frontal sinus
Lachrymal canaliculus incLsed
Lachrymal duct probed
La (irange operation
Lingual tonsil, cauterizations
Mastoidectomy
Mastoidotomy:
Simple
Radical
Maxillary sinus
Nasal bones, setting of
Paracentesis:
Cornea
Membrana tympani
Pylyctenule, excision
Number.
1
264
5
3
2
Ojie rations.
Plastic:
On ear
On eyeball
On eyelid
Face
On lip
On mouth
On nose
Pterygium:
Ablation
Transplantation. . . ;
Reconstruction of nose
Removal of:
Aural polyp
Cyst, ear
N asal polyp
Nasal spur
Sclerotomy, posterior
Septal spurs
Sequestrum, removal, lachrymal
Sinusotomy:
Maxillary radical
Nasal
Submucous resection of nasal septum
Subperiosteal abscess
Synechia anterior, needling
Tarsal tumors
Tenotomy
Tonsillectomy
Tonsillotomy
Tracheotomy
Tucking:
External rectus
Internal rectus
Turbinectomy
Uvulotomy
Wolff's graft, eye
Vairous minor operations
Total
Refractions
Outside cases treated
Grand total
1
4
9
3
1
1
30
10
107
1
3
1
21
5
9
1
IS
1
287
2
1
11
8
474
1
3
1
1
131
4
1
1,056
2,745
2,987
16,924
22,656
DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION.
Consolidated ward laboratory report of all h(vspitals.
547
Number.
Blood examinations
Estivo-autunmal
Tertian—
Single
Double ■
Mixed tertian and estivo-autunmal..
Quartan
Differential blood counts
Leucocyte coimts
Red blood counts
White blood counts
Hemoglobin estimations
Filaria ....
Guaiac and turpentine tests for m-
visible blood
More test
Stool examinations
Ascaris lumbricoides
Uncinaria ova
Uncinaria worms
Tricocephalus dispar
Strongy loides intestinal is
Tenia saginata
Ameba
Mucus
Entameba
Ciliated monads
Bilharzia
Pus and blood
Pus and epithelial cells
Balantidium coli
Tubercule bacilli
Entameba, tetragena
Oxyuris vermicularis
Entameba, histolytica
Entameba coli
Guaiac and turpentine tests for oc-
cult blood
18,034
4,177
1,262
1
30
123
1,483
2,134
252
374
742
12
29
1
16,584
1,099
2,862
10
2,183
793
13
72
6
46
354
76
2,799
12
12
5
42
16
19
39
39
Number.
Stool examinations— Continued.
Bismuth crystals
Anky lostoma worms
Treponema pertenuis
Urine examinations
Albumen
Albumen and casts
Sugar
Pus and blood
Gonococci
Indican
Epithelium
BUe
Microscopical examinations
Trichomonas vaginalis
Flagellated monads
Hemin crystals -
Guaiac and turpentine tests for blood
Red blood cells
Ciliated monads
Bacilli, acid fast
Mucus
Chyluria
Urea estimations
Sputum examinations
Tubercle bacilli
Streptococci
Elastic tissue
Pus
Miscellaneous:
Examinations of pleural effusions. . .
Examinations of various smears and
discharges
Examinations of spinal fluid
Examinations of vaginal and ureth-
ral discharges
Gastric analyses
10
10
1
33,600
7,834
4,925
97
3,102
6
4
531
13
733
3
3
32
170
34
1
1
1
1
13
2,102
383
1
2
5
319
20
Ancon Hospital.
Class.
Isthmian Canal Commission em-
plovees
Panama Railroad employees
Pay patients
Charity patients
Insane patients
Total.
Re-
main-
ing
July 1.
Admitted.
Died.
6,714
208
2,589
297
31
9,839
8,933
1,247
1,281
563
182
12,206
Discharged.
5,323
171
2,373
284
19
467 8,170
8,738
1,243
1,152
432
78
Trans-
ferred.
1,387
47
156
4
4
11,643 1,598
Re-
main-
ing
June 30.
346
40
72
28
295
781
Average number of days' treatment per employee for the year .
Average number of employees constantly sick during the year.
Number of days' relief furnished patients
White. Colored. Total.
12.54
239. 33
16.80
472. 33
15.08
711.66
428,658
Cost of subsistence per patient per day, $0,210.
548
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Ancon Hospital — ( onliuued.
NATIONALITY.
Class.
Number
treated.
Isthmian Canal Commission employees 16, 269
Panama Railroad employees ' 1,565
Pay patients \ 4, 028
Charity patients.
Insanepatients..
Total.
23,258
White. Colored
Other nations.
White. Colored.
2,743
155
1,715
189
13
4,815
3,863
84
907
108
31
4,993
0,(A4
1,325
1,404
599
455
13,427
Operations.— See report of all surgical operations.
Laboratory report.— See consolidated ward laboratory report.
Colon Hospital.
Class.
Remain-
ing
July 1.
Admitted.
Died.
Discharged.
Trans-
ferred.
Remaining
June 30.
5
■d
S
i
•6
o
o
2
•6
s
^
•6
"2
"p
Isthmian Canal Commission
78
15
27
3
15
55
24
36
6
29
2,377
482
1,210
18
179
833
698
1,268
112
390
13
5
8
5
8
21
28
81
14
58
2,009
373
1,178
15
177
832
6G0
1,159
92
330
387
102
17
1
1
1
2
5
46
17
34
34
Panama Railroad employees. . .
Private pay
32
59
12
11
8
20
Total
138
150
4,266
3,301
39
202
3,752
3,073
508
19
105
157
White.
Colored.
Total.
Average number of days' treatment per employee for the year.
Average number of employees constantly sick during the year.
Number of days' relief furnished patients
12. 76
101.00
18.92
80.02
14.91
181.02
110,420
Cost of subsistence per patient per day, S0.286.
NATIONALITY.
Class.
Number
treated.
Americans.
Other nations.
White. Colored. White. Colored
Isthmian Canal Commission employees
Panama Railroad employees
Private pay
Municipal pay
Zone charit y
Total
3,343
1,219
2,541
139
613
1,835
316
842
2
110
7,855
3,105
1,141
557
951
134
769
373
1,326
17
120
00
443
Operations.— Sec report of all surgical operations.
Laboratory report.— See consolidated ward laboratory report.
3,609
DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION.
Cvlebra Hospital.
549
Class.
Remain-
ing
Julyl.
Admitted.
Died.
Dis-
charged.
Trans-
ferred.
Remain-
ing
June 30.
i
o
"o
6
1
o
"o
O
1
o
"o
O
2
1
"o
O
1
1>
1
o
S
t
o
O
Nonemployees
6
21
102
6
19
86
2
16
0
Number of days' relief furnished patients, 1,123.
Cost of sul)sistence per patient per day, $0,239.
NATIONALITY.
Class.
Number
treated.
Americans.
Other nations.
White. Colored.
White.
Colored.
Nonemployees
129
6
1
14
108
Operations. — See report of all surgical operations.
Laboratory report.— See consolidated ward laboratory report.
Palo Seco leper asylum.
Class.
Re-
main-
ing
July 1.
Ad-
mitted.
Died.
Dis-
charged.
Trans-
ferred.
Re-
main-
ing.
June 30.
3
o
1
•6
1
o
O
2
'd
o
"o
O
1
-d
£
"o
2
■d
2
•d
i
"o
o
Employees
1
28
19
48
"i'
1
1
9
3
13
2
3
3
8
Pay patients
1
1
2
3
5
8
1
1
2
1
3
30
Charity patients
13
Total
43
White.
Colored.
Total.
Average number of days' treatment per employee for the yea
Average number of employees constantly sick during the "yea
Number of days' relief furiaished patients
r
84.50
.46
84 50
r
.46
1 7 (Wfi
Cost of subsistence per patient per day, ?0.307.
NATIONALITY.
Class.
Number
treated.
Americans.
Other nations.
White.
Colored.
White.
Colored.
Employees
2
39
23
2
Pay patients
2
i
37
Charity patients
22
Total
64
3
61
550
EEPORT ISTHMIAN" CANAL COMMISSION.
Taboga Sanitarium.
Class.
Remain-
ing
Julyl.
Ad-
mitted.
Died.
Dis-
charged.
Trans-
ferred.
Remain-
ing
June 30.
41
18
1,953
1,189
1,938
1,193
23
1
33
13
Total
59
3,142
3,131
24
46
Average number of days' treatment per employee for the year .
Average number of employees constantly sick during the year.
Number of days' relief furnished patiente
Cost of subsistence per patient per day
6.71
36.06
21,165
$0. 674
NATIONALITY.
Class.
Number
treated.
Americans.
Other
nations.
Employees
Families of employees
Total
Note.— No colored patients treated at Taboga Sanitarium.
Santo Tomas Hospital
1,994
1,207
1,420
1,166
574
41
3,201
2,586
615
Class.
Remain-
ing
July 1.
Admit-
ted.
Died.
Dis-
charged.
Trans-
ferred.
Remain-
ing
June 30.
1 30
212
1,090
5,662
21
381
1,052
5,232
47
261
Total
242
6,752
402
6,284
308
Average number of days' treatment per patient 15. 92
Average number of patients constantly sick 291. 59
Number of days' relief furnished patients 106, 430
Cost of subsistence per patient per day $0. 250
NATIONALITY.
Class.
Number
treated.
Americans.
Other nations.
White.
Colored.
White.
Colored.
1,120
5,874
329
716
781
5,158
Total
6,994
1,055
5,939
OPERATIONS.
Number.
Died.
Major
Minor
Total
817
159
976
26
DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION.
551
Santo Tomas Hospital — Continued.
DISPENSARY.
Class.
White.
Colored.
Total.
2,181
436
2,777
871
4,958
Foreigners.
1,307
Total
2,617
3,648
6,265
Board of health laboratory.
Bacteriological examinations:
Water 1
Milk 1
Cultures, various 6
Larvacide test 1
Fluids and exudates 4
Fluid from tumor 1
Blood cultures 328
Throat cultures (diphtheria suspects) 648
Cultmes from autopsies 50
Cultures from eye 5
Stools 270
Urine 432
Sputum 20
Pus 16
Hydrocele fluid 4
Knee-joint fluid 14
Fluid from cyst 1
Spinal fluid 54
Various smears and specimens 99
Pleural fluid 7
Cultures from frontal sinuses 3
Scrapings 1
Tonsils 1
Fluid from sinus in kidney 1
" Powdelac " 1
Fluid from joint 1
Fluid from chest 2
Animal 2
Scrapings from left femur 1
Aspiiated fluid 1
Abdominal fluid 1
Fluid from hematoma 1
Peritoneal fluid 1
Fluid from pleural cavity 3
Fluid from gall bladder 1
Determinations:
Larvaeidal value of commercial disin-
fectant 2
Quuiine in ampules of quinine hydro-
chloride 1
Examinations:
Leper suspects 14
Rabies suspects 3
Animals 26
Chemical examinations:
Preparations made 2
Brackish water 14
Kidney stone 1
Gall stones 1
Chemical examinations — Continued.
Pyrodresol
Knife for police department
Coal
Rosin
Blood
Stomach contents
Bismuth subnitrate
Urine
Crude carbolic acid
Various liquids, fluids, etc
Various metals
Sugar cane
Oil, vaseline
Coke
Sugar, brown
Castor oil
Fire clay
Insecticide
Oil, cnade
Vomitus
" Powdelac"
Thymol
Toxicological examinations (police de-
partment)
Acetphenetidm tablets
Bile
Test meal
Stool
Water, for detection of chlorin content . . .
Agglutination reactions
Autopsies
Autopsies of cows
Bodies embalmed
Microscopical examinations, bile
Medico-legal post-mortems
Sections of tissue prepared, frozen
Sections of tissue prepared, paraffin
Standardization of clinical thermometers ....
Surgical pathological tissue and neoplasms
reported
Vaccinations, antipest
Vaccination for plague
Vaccine inoculations, antityphoid
Vaccine treatment:
Autogenous, prepared
Autogenous, administered
Wasserman reactions
Widal reactions
36
1
42
3
3
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
78
194
578
2
77
1
19
125
6,313
7
261
7
3
5
69
11
3,079
552
KEPORT ISTHMIAN OANAL COMMISSION.
Issues of quinine.
Month.
Kilograms.
Pounds
avoir-
dupois.
July
33.00
39.00
38.70
57.93
30.99
39.40
23. 33
35.66
52.00
26. 33
15.43
46.33
72.75
85.98
85.32
127.71
68.32
86.86
51.43
78.62
114.64
Vpril
57.95
Mav
34.02
102. 14
Total
438.10
36.51
965.74
80.48
Sanitation.
CITY OF PANAMA.
Anopheles brigade:
Linear feet of ditches cleaned 1, 057, 119
Linear feet of ditches dug 6,371
Square feet of weeds and grass cut
and removed 4, 999, 500
Cesspools cleaned 13
Cesspools filled 1
Wells filled 2
Cubic yards of earth u.sed in filling
cesspools, wells, and holes 3, 098
Loads of grass removed and burned. . 2, 748
Disinfection brigade:
Houses disinfected and fumigated
for diphtheria 30
Houses disinfected for —
tuberculosis 3
chickenpox 2
cerebrosp inal meningitis 2
scarlet fever 3
leprosy 1
poliorhyelitis 7
Houses disinfected and fumigated for
typhoid fever 10
Houses fumigated for yellow fever 6
Cubic feet disinfected and fumigated
Rooms fumigated and disinfected
Material used: Larvacide gallons. .
Destruction of rats:
Number of rats caught and killed —
Average number of rat traps in use. .
Inspection of houses and yards:
Houses and yards inspected
Persons notified to keep premises in
good condition
Warning notices complied with
Letters to alcade requesting enforce-
ment of sanitary rules and regula-
tions
Old buildings condemned and de-
molished
Yards cleaned
Loads of refuse removed from the
city
New buildings:
Plans submitted to health officer and
approved
Permits granted for repairs to old
buildings
COLON, CRISTOBAL, MOUNT HOPE, AND TORO POINT.
817,176
205
3,950
4,059
115
274
298
71
4,173
4,373
247
220
Water and sewers:
Connections made during the year.. .
Total connections made to date
Outstanding permits
Houses in which extensions were
made
Houses:
Plans approved
Permits to repair issued
Permits to occupy issued
Temporary perniils to occupy issued.
Houses in which defective plumbing
fixtures were found and reported to
Superintendent of Public Works..
Sanitation of Colon:
Loads of yard garbage removed
Average "cans of garbage removed
daily
Acres of vegetation removed
Acres of streets cleaned
Private properl ies cleaned
Square yards of pools oiled
Mosfiuilo-breeding phiccs found
Water receptuclcs treated
Linear feet of ditches constructed
Linear feet of ditches maintained
Notice to abate nuisances served
Nuisances abated
Buildings inspected
Rats killed
115
961
495
139
427
80
25
241
5,559
2,087
26
6,696
676
217,795
1,095
338, 710
4,770
65,620
4,. 537
3, 192
43, 695
1,103
Sanitation of Colon — Continued.
Square yards of alleys cleaned 1,
Square yards of streets sprinkled 1,
Fly-breeding places found
Colon and Cristobal garbage disposed
of at dump, Colon
Sanitation of Cristobal:
Square yards of pools oiled
Water receptacles t reated
Mosquito-breeding places found
Mosiiuitoes killed in barracks
Fly-breeding places found
Sanitation of Mount Hope:
Square yards of pools oiled
Water receptacles treated
Linear feet of ditches maintained
Crab holes worked
Mosquito-breeding places found
Linear feet of ditches constructed
Square yards of vegetation removed.
Mount ilo|)e cemetery maintained...
Sanitation of Toro Point:
Square yards of pools oiled
Water r'ecei)tacles treated
Mosfjuito-breeding places found
Linear feet of ditches constructed —
Linear feet of ditches maintained
Crab holes worked
Doses of quinine tonic distributed.. .
Adult mosquitoes killed
697, 037
292, 000
1,208
39.900
23, 1S3
175
22, 348
151
866, 192
331,910
194,582
15,000
1,310
56, ,552
16,119
254.096
61,938
532
13. 3.59
120,846
47,510
42,055
21,623
DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION.
553
Sanitation — Continued.
CANAL ZONE.
Work requests on quartermaster's depart-
ment:
(ira.ss cutting 860
Screen repairing 343
Miscellaneous 514
^^■ork requests on engineering depart-
ment 894
Work requests on other departments 71
Notice served for abatement of nuisances. . 2, 170
Arrests for violation of sanitary regula-
tijns 224
Convictions 205
Building permits approved 238
Inspections of —
Closets 81,295
Stores 9,759
Inspections of— Continued.
Restaurants 3, 071
Shops 2, 562
Grabage cans emptied 2, 402, 612
Closets dLsmfected 187, 171
Houses disinfected 87
Houses fumigated 4
Rat traps used daily 422
Water and sewer connections made 59
Adult anopheles destroyed at houses 5.54,960
Adult culices destroyed at houses 464,818
Containers found with stegomyia larva>. . . 550
Materials used:
Larvacide gallons. . 124, 956
Crude oil do 679,970
Rats destroyed 10,018
Quarantine service.
PORTS OF PANAMA -ANCON AND COLON-CRISTOBAL.
Vessels inspected and passed
Vessels detained in quarantine
Vessels fumigated on arrival
Vessels fumigated prior to departure
Pieces of baggage handled and stored
Crew inspected
Passengers mspected
Total persons mspected
Persons vaccinated at ports of arrival be-
cause of compulsory vaccination law. .
Persons vaccinated at ports of departure
or en route bcause of compulsory vacci-
nation law
Total persons vaccinated
Persons held in quarantine at the deten-
tion stations to complete period of incu-
bation of yellowfeverorplague
Persons held in quarantine on board ves-
sels to complete period of incubation of
yellow fever or plague
Total persons held in quarantine
Persons landed from foreign ports:
Cabin 25, 277
Steerage 30,219
1,345
99
102
38
12,266
129,707
90, 106
219,813
14,527
14,424
28,951
6,098
16,289
22, 387
55, 496
Persons embarked for foreign ports:
Cabin 26, 296
Steerage 19, 354
Apparent increase for the year from
foreign ports:
Increase, steerage 10, 865
Decrease, cabin 1,019
Persons arriving from coast towns on
small craft
Persons embarked for coast towns on
small craft
Apparent increase for the year from coast
towns
Total persons landed
Total persons embarked
Excess over number embarked
Less number for Pacific ports
Total apparent increase for the year
Immigrants recommended for rejection. . .
Certificates issued to outgoing passengers .
Persons refused certificates because of
trachoma
BUls of health vis^d
45,650
9,846
31,453
28,053
3,400
86,949
73,703
13,246
3,712
9,534
87
534
71
7.38
BOCAS DEL TORO.
Vessels inspected and passed 349
Crew inspected and passed 19, 600
Passengers inspected and passed 8, 065
Passengers, in transit, inspected and passed 5, 613
Persons held to complete period of incuba-
tion of yellow fever 144
Personnel report.
[Average number of employees at work during the year.]
Chief sanitary office 37
Property division 9
Quarantine service 40
Health office:
Panama 47
Colon 124
Ancon Hospital 543
Colon Hospital 197
Santo Tomas Hospital 5
Taboga Sanitarium 22
Palo Seco Leper Asylum 15
Zone sanitation 255
Dispensaries:
Ancon 5
Balboa 3
Bas Obispo 5
Corozal 4
Dispensaries — Continued .
Cristobal
Culebra
Empire
Oatun
Gorgona
Las Cascades
Margarita Point
Miraflores
Naos Island
Paraiso
Pedro Miguel
Porto Bello
Toro Point
Total 1,384
554
REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Hospital cases of malaria among employees.
Discharged.
Died.
Total
eases.
Aimual
average
death
rate per
1,000.
Armual
average
number
cases
per 1,000.
Number
Month.
White.
Colored.
White.
Colored.
of em-
ployees.
July
449
416
199
151
130
162
215
235
185
82
88
87
585
501
239
149
141
213
281
355
248
152
88
149
i'
3
1
1,037
919
438
301
272
376
499
591
433
234
177
237
0.74
.48
255
219
103
72
62
84
115
128
92
47
36
49
48, 714
August
50,305
50, 948
October
i'
1
1
1
1
.24
.23
.22
.69
.22
50, 103
November
52,539
53,810
January
2
52, 142
55, 333
56,258
59,486
May . . .
1
1
.20
.20
59, 771
June . .
58,590
Total
2,399
3,101
6
8
5,514
.26
102
54,000
Appendix Q.
REPORT OF A. B. DICKSON, SUPERINTENDENT OF CLUB-
HOUSES.
Isthmian Canal Commission,
Office of Superintendent of C-lubhouses,
Culebra, Canal Zone, August 1, 1913.
Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith the annual report of the
operations of the division of clubhouses for the year ending June 30,
1913, as conducted under the supervision of the secretaries furnished
by the Young Men's Christian Association.
CHANGE IN BUILDINGS.
In August, 1912, it was found that the Culebra clubhouse was
unsafe for further occupancy, on account of its proximity to Culebra
Cut and the unsettled condition of the ground underneath the
building.
Portions of the Culebra building were reerected at the rear of the
Administration Building Annex, at a cost of about $1,700, which was
paid from clubhouse funds. Bowling alleys, pool and billiard tables,
a soda fountain, barber shop, and a reading room were thus provided
in this new location, and a cool spacious hall for entertainments was
secured in the second story of the schoolhouse. That the employees
at Culebra appreciate these privileges has been mdicated by the large
attendance at the activities run by the clubhouse, and the support
fiven in this way has amply justified the expenditure made for these
uUdings.
During the past year work was carried on at Corozal, Culebra,
Empire, Gorgona, Gatun, and Cristobal, on the Canal Zone, and at
Porto Bello, about 20 miles down the coast. At the end of the fiscal
year the gold force working for this division consisted of 1 superin-
tendent, 7 secretaries, 4 assistant secretaries, 1 1 night clerks, 8 bowl-
ing-alley attendants, 6 pool-room attendants, and 6 barbers.
MEMBERSHIP.
Total membership at end of fiscal year
Average monthly membership
Largest membership any given month.
1,943
2,023
1 2, 127
2,092
1,944
2,092
1,872
1,947
2,121
Largest since organization.
The usefulness of the clubhouses to the commission and the popu-
larity of Y. M. C. A. work among employees is measured accurately
by the number of employees who avail themselves of member-
555
556
REPORT ISTHMIAN CaNAL COMMISSION.
ship privileges. Membership records show gratifying results as
compared to other years. An average of 58 per cent of the gold
employees residing in towns having clubhouse buildings were mem-
bers of the Y. M. C. A. throughout the year, thus showing that a
large proportion of the employees within reach of the buildings took
advantage of the privileges offered. It should be remembered also
that the families of employees may be admitted to some of the
privileges by payment of a nominal fee.
ENTERTAINMENTS.
1912-13
1910-11
Companies engaged from the United States
Number of entertainments given
Total attendance
Entertainments, moving pictures and local talent
Total attendance
5
79
20,956
475
111,562
7
85
20,865
406
96,072
05
13,828
277
56, 708
The entertainment feature has always been the most prominent
activity in connection with Y. M. C. A. work on the Zone, and last
year this feature was emphasized more than ever before, and the
attendance was larger, as shown by the above figures.
The entertainers secured from the States were Miss Gay Zenola
MacLaren, the Edith Harris Scott Co., Walter Eccles, and the Four
College Girls, the Apollo Concert Co., and the Mary Lyon Concert Co.
Moving pictures were again the most popular form of entertain-
ment offered employees. Permanent moving-picture booths were
installed in six of the clubhouses, thereby increasing the seating
capacity of the auditorium and assuring safetv from fire. Weekly
moving-picture exhibitions were given in each Y. M. C. A., and two
new moving-picture machines were purchased during the year in
order that extra exhibitions might be given when desired. It is
proposed to eventually increase this equipment until each club-
house is provided with a cinematograph of its own. Among the
special multiple-reel exhibitions provided in addition to the regular
shows, were ''The Top of the World," "Life of Buffalo BiU," "Detec-
tive Burns," "From the Manger to the Cross," "The Battle of Calais."
Smokers, vaudeville performances, and concerts with local talent,
have been given frequently, and have proven extremely popular.
BOWLING, BILLIARDS, AND POOL.
There were tournaments in progress during the entire year, with
a total of from 25 to 150 men participating. The rivalry between
the various Y. M. C. A.'s in interclubhouse games and sports has
always been intense, and consequently the interest has been great,
and large crowds have attended the games. Cups, gold, silver, and
bronze medals, and other forms of prizes are given to the winners
from time to time. There were 105,455 games bowled as compared
with 104,954 for the previous year, and 88,085 in 1911, and 277,186
games of pool, as compared to 278,799 for the previous year, and
217,710 for 1911.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF CLUBHOUSES. 557
PHYSICAL WORK AND ATHLETICS.
Physical directors of experience have continued gymnasium work,
and have met with uniform success. The theory that men will not
take systematic exercise in the Tropics has been disproven by the
large attendance at these classes.
There has been special effort on the part of physical directors to
meet the needs of the various men. Thus classes have been formed
for married men, meeting late in the afternoon; one form of exercise
has bsen given to those wlio sit at a desk all day, and an entirely
different and lighter exercise to those whose work is out of doors.
Volley ball has been found very beneficial for office men, and several
interassociation matches have been held. All-Isthmian tourna-
ments in indoor baseball and basket ball have been stubbornly con-
tested. A series of games was played between teams formed by the
various clubhouses. The basket-baU championship was won by
Empire, and the indoor baseball championship by Camp EUiott.
RELIGIOUS WORK.
We' have continued to hold song services and rehgious meetings at
hours that did not conflict with the regular rehgious work in the
Canal Zone. There was an average attendance of 96 at 172 services
held during the year, and an average monthly enrollment of 74 in
Bible reading clubs and schools.
EDUCATIONAL WORK.
During the year "The Forum" was organized for the purpose of
giving to our members a series of lectures on topics oi the day.
Among those on the Canal Zone who appeared in this course were
Mr. W. B. Childers, whose topic was "Natural Law in the World of
Labor"; F. A. Gause, whose subject was "Literature and Life";
S. P. Verner, in "The Man Who Came Back"; and Dr. A. J. Oren-
stein, on "The Fly Pest." Dr. C. A. Devine, secretary of the Charity
Organization Society of New York, lectured on "The Abolition of
Poverty" and Dr. Frederic Poole, of Philadelphia, told of his expe-
riences with the Chinese. There were 34 lectures in this course,
with an average attendance of 180.
The Spanish classes have continued without interruption, and many
of the students after finishing the preliminary courses have con-
tinued their advanced studies to advantage. Classes were in session
every month of the year, and there was an average monthly enroll-
ment of 102.
About 800 new books, fiction and nonfiction, have been added
* during the year to the libraries of the clubhouses. An average of
3,255 books was drawn every month by 1,117 hbrary members.
Each association subscribes to the leading newspapers and periodicals
of the day.
558 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
REFRESHMENT COUNTERS.
The refreshment parlors are an extremely important feature of
clubhouse work. They are the social headquarters of the community,
and serve as rooms of rest and refreshment for tourists.
The receipts for this activity are lower than last year, due to the
fact that the facilities for serving refreshments in the new building
at Culebra are not as adequate as in the old. The total receipts dur-
ing the past year were $46,523.86 as compared with $49,398.05 last
year and $36,421.08 in 1911. New equipment was added during
the year for the serving of soft drinks.
VISITATION OF THE SICK.
The men in charge of this work have continued to visit the hos-
pitals at Colon and Ancon every Sunday, bringing cheer to the hearts
of those confined in these institutions. Two thousand and fifty-two
calls of this sort were made during the year, and a large amount of
reading matter was distributed among the hospital patients.
boys' department.
Although they have no special rooms, boys from 10 to 16 years
of age have been allowed special privileges m the clubhouses, the
general plan being to arrange gymnasium work for them three times
a week, and to allow them other general privileges that do not inter-
fere with the privileges enjoyed by the men. Special hikes are
arranged for the boys from time to time, and during the visit of the
Atlantic Fleet all the boys were taken to visit the flagship.
Two afternoons a week have been set aside in which ladies may
enjoy some of the privileges of the chibhouses. There has been a
great deal of interest in bowling during the past year, and some of
the ladies have made excellent records.
CLUBS.
Chess, checker, debating, glee, and camera clubs were organized
during the year. The most active of these clubs were the chess
clubs, which flourished during the entire year. Interclubhouse
games were played, and on several occasions expert players from
one town would play simultaneous matches against all the players
of another town.
Glee clubs and mixed choruses were organized in some of the
towns and gave excellent concerts.
The dark rooms were very well patronized, and the interest in
amateur photography increased during the year. At some of the
Y. M. C. A.'s, large exhibitions of amateur photographic work were
held.
KEPORT OF SU.PEI11N1>EN1)ENT OF CLUBHOUSES.
559
VISIT OF THE ATLANTIC FLEET.
During the visit of the Atlantic Heet in Januaiy and February,
1913, the Y. M. C. A. was asked to serve a light lunch on the special
sightseeing trains that carried the members of the fleet from C^olon
to Panama and back. A force of waiters was recruited from among
the silver employees of the clubhouses, and sandwiches, fruit, and
lemonade were served each day on the train carrying from 700 to
1,000 men. In this manner, nearly 13,000 sailors were served at a
nommal cost, thus givuig them a better lunch than they could
have otherwise secured, and enabling them to devote entirely to
sightseeing the short time allotted them in Panama City,
FINANCES.
Disbursements from commission funds
Disbursements from clubhouses
Receipts for the year
Net balance June 30
S49, 925. 96
1 138, 134. 02
1 140, 6.30. 06
19, 547. 73
$50,565.61
114,732.02
118,390.56
16, 803. 74
$51, 193. 90
81, 510. 51
91, 723. 76
11,945.20
1 Increase due largely to handling cigar and candy counter by cash instead of coupon system.
The financial management of the clubhouses continued m the
hands of an advisory committee appointed by the chairman and
chief engineer. This committee consists of Col. W. C. Gorgas,
cliief sanitary officer, chairman; IVIr. H. A, A. Smith, exammer of
accounts; Mr. Joseph Bucklin Bishop, secretary of the commission;
and Mr. A. B. Dickson, superintendent of clubhouses.
The general supervision of activities in each clubhouse is in the
hands of an executive council, appointed by the international com-
mittee. This council is made up as follows:
Corozal: :Mr. H. O. Cole (chakman), Mr. J. C. Keller, Mr. L. H.
Crafts, Mr. J. H. Humphries.
Culebra: ^h\ E. E. Lee (chairman), Mr. J. H. Warner, ^Ir. J. H.
Smith, :Mr. H. G. Cornthwaite.
Empu-e: Mr. A. S. Zmn (chau-man), IVIr. T. L. Clear, and Mr.
W. G. Ross.
Gorgona: Mr. Le Roy Smith (chairman), ]\Ir. R. C. Shadv, IMr.
C. E. Whipple, :Mr. Harry Otis, ^Mr. Frank B. Ferebee.
Gatun: Col. Wm. L. Sibert (chau-man), ^Ir. R. M. Gamble, Mr.
W. B. Childers, Dr. A. G. Farmer, Mr. W. C. Gayer.
Cristobal: Judge Thomas H. Brown (chairman). Dr. A. C. Hearne,
Dr. C. C. Pierce.
Porto Bello: Mr. Walter Tliomson (chairman), Mr. James L.
Tolar.
Respectfully submitted.
A. B. Dickson,
Superintendent of Clubhouses,
Col. Geo. W. Goethals, United States Army,
Chairman and Chief Engineer,
Culebra, Canal Zone.
Appendix R.
REPORT OF MAJ. F. C. BOGGS, CORPS OF ENGINEERS,
UNITED STATES ARMY, GENERAL PURCHASING OFFICER
AND CHIEF OF THE WASHINGTON OFFICE.
Isthmian Canal Commission,
Washington, D. C, July 18, 1913.
Sm: I have the honor to submit the folio wiiig report upon the
work of this office duruig the fiscal year ending June 30, 1913:
No changes have been made in the organization of the office during
the past year, and the followhig divisions still remain under my
charge as general purchasing officer and chief of office of the Isthmian
Canal Commission: General office, disbursing office, office of assist-
ant exammer of accounts, appointment division, correspondence and
record division, and purchasmg department.
The work of the appointment division has been very heavy through-
out the year, the mcrease over the preceding year m the number of
appomtments being 87 per cent, in volume of correspondence 44 per
cent, and in arranging steamship transportation of passengers to the
Isthmus 34 per cent. In order to fill promptly the requisitions for
skilled mechanics it has been necessary to send an employment agent
mto the field three times during the past year, a sufficient number of
qualified men having failed to apply direct to the Wasliington office.
Durmg the last 12 months 2,065 persons within the United States
were tendered employment for duty on the Isthmus in grades above
that of laborai^; 1,183 accepted and were appointed, covermg 59
different positions. Six thousand two hundred and thirty-nine per-
sons, including new appointees, those returning from leave of absence,
membere of employees' famUies, and employees of contractors of
the commission and their famiUes, were provided with transporta-
tion from the United States to the Isthmus; and in response to
inquiries and apphcations for employment during this period, and in
the issuance of appomtments, 22,533 letters were written, 4,372 tele-
grams sent, and 22,624 circulars mailed.
The work of the correspondence and record division, comprising all
general or administrative correspondence and miscellaneous matters,
has been continued along the lines described m previous annual
reports.
The following statement shows the volume of the transactions of
the disbursing office durmg the past fiscal year:
Claim statement.
On hand July 1 $508
Received July 1 to June 30 23, 908
Total 24, 416
Passed for payment July 1 to June 30 24, 072
On hand June 30 344
11834°— 13 36 561
562 EEPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Financial statement.
On hand July 1,1912 170, 264. 08
From United States Treasury $15, 530, 000. 00
Liquidated damages 224, 368. 55
Cash discounts 787. 50
Miscellaneous collections 125, 885. 94
15, 881, 041. 99
16, 051, 306. 07
Disbtu-eemente:
Claims paid 15,454,202.43
Deposits to miscellaneous receipts 124, 330. 90
15, 578, 533. 33
Balance on hand June 30, 1913 472,772.74
16, 051, 306. 07
Claims aggregating $141,470.67, which were examined in this office
and settled by the Auditor for the War Department either by direct
or transfer settlements, are not included in the above statement.
The office of the assistant examuier of accounts is charged with the
duty of giving all accounts, before transmission to the auditor, an
administrative examination, and durmg the fiscal year 13,743 vouch-
ers for payments amounting to $15,161,945.54, and 750 direct and
transfer settlements aggregating about $200,000, were given an
administrative examination. The cash and net balances stated on
the account current have been examined.
It is also the duty of the assistant examiner of accounts to classify
on an abstract to be sent to the Isthmus all expenditures in the
United States.
A record of moneys collected, deposited, and reappropriated
under the act of March 4, 1909, has been kept by tliis office.
The collections made or requii-ed to be made by tli« disbursing
officer are checked up from time to thne.
A monthly statement of the disbursing officer's balances is ob-
tained from the Treasury Department and translnitted to the Isthmus.
All written contracts are prepared in this office, and during the
last year 125 contracts, involving an expenditure of about $7,000,000,
were prepared.
Tliis office j)repares all correspondence in relation to annual bonds
on proposals, including aU forms relating thereto.
Cases involving questions of law to be decided by the general
purchasing officer are usually referred to the assistant examiner of
accounts for examination and report, and reports for the defense of
suits in the Court of Clamis are prepared by him.
The annual inventory of commission property in the United
States is verified by the assistant examiner of accounts.
The purchasing department as now organized was by Executive
order, dated August 15, 1907, placed under the supervision of the
Chief of Engineers, United States Army, with an officer of the Corps
of Engineers in charge as general purchasing officer. Headquarters
of the department are located at Washington, D. C, from which
office the principal purchases are made. Additional offices for the
purchase of materials wliich can best be obtained locally are mam-
tained at New York, San Francisco, and New Orleans, these offices
also arranging for the receiving and shipping of all materials which
PURCHASING DEPARTMENT — WASHINGTON OFFICE. 563
are purchased for forwarding to the Isthmus tlu-ough their respective
ports. ^Icdical and hospital suppHes are bought through the medical
supply depot of the Army which is located in New York, a small
force of employees of the commission being detailed in that depot
to carry on the work under the officer in charge.
No change has been made in the method of purchasing during the
past year; the same system of cu'cular invitations for bids and
award thereon as described in previous annual reports stiU prevails.
A wide distribution of chculars is obtained by newspaper adver-
tising and thi"ough the field offices of the Corps of Engmeers, which
are located at various points in the United States. Manufacturers
in all parts of the country are thereby enabled to learn the commis-
sion's requirements and to submit bids for deUvery through ports
nearest their plants. The system originated in April, 1909, of
making annual contracts for staple articles was continued during
the past year with the usual success, but due to the approacliing
completion of the construction work it was not thought advisable to
advertise as many materials for contracts in this manner during the
coming fiscal year, and these annual contracts will, therefore, be
reduced to a small number.
Increased efforts were made during the past year to induce foreign
firms to bid on our requirements but with very unsatisfactory results,
except where material called for was essentially a foreign product
and one not ordinarily manufactured in the United States.
Materials purchased are inspected in the United States before
shipment, the right being reserved to make final inspection on the
Isthmus after arrival there. To conduct the preliminary inspection
a force of inspectors is employed under the direction of the inspect-
ing engineer in Washington. Inspections are also made, when
practicable, by the field offices of the Corps of Engineers. Inde-
pendent inspection forces are also located at Pittsburgh, Wheeling,
and Ambridge to handle such special work as the lock gates, electrical
macliinery and emergency dams, and these inspection forces report
directly to the authorities on the Istlunus.
When more convenient, certain portions of the mspections which
would ordinarily fall under the Washington office are made by these
additional forces and vice versa the Washhigton office frequently
handles minor inspections for these special offices when the Wash-
ington office inspector is more conveniently located for handling same.
Valuable assistance in the work of testing and inspectmg samples is
rendered the commission by the Bureau of Standards, the Bureau of
Mines, the Bureau of Chemistry, and the Medical Department, the
Ordnance Department, and the Quartermaster Corps of the United
States Army.
The work of the purchasing department and aU allied departments
has been much greater this year than m the past. The number of
orders placed during the past fiscal year was 7,087, as against 5,960
placed in the fiscal year 1911-12. The reason for this large increase
m the number of orders is undoubtedly due to the policy adopted on
the Isthmus of diminishing the amount of stock to the lowest prac-
tical figure, it bemg desu-able to have as little stock on hand at the
end of the construction period as the needs of the work will permit.
This policy has, however, meant an mcrease in the number of small
564 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
orders and an increase in the number of rush and open market
purchases.
The total vakie of orders placed for the fiscal year ended June 30,
1913, by all of the offices of the purchasing department m the United
States was $12,335,973.12, the most important contracts for perma-
nent equipment being structural material for locks and spillways,
$241,326.33; machinery for theh operation, $740,302.02; electric
locomotives and tracks, $548,732.67; hydi oelectric station, $72,540.34
dock material, $571,723.48; admmistration building, $99,750; shop
buildings and machinerjr, $593,649.51; seven electric overhead trav-
eling cranes, $61,715; Cristobal-Balboa transmission line, $688,503.38;
57 light buoys, $164,970; two 250-ton revolving floating cranes,
$837,500; Colon filtration plant, $68,006.75; and four oil storage
tanks, $62,800. Other principal items of purchase included six 1,000-
yard steel dump barges; two 15-yard dipper dredges; 6,310,000
pounds of dynamite; 23,505,695 feet of lumber; 20,796 piles; 243,500
crossties; 198 sets of switch ties; and 2,969 gross tons of steel rails.
Under a contract of January 7, 1909, for 4,500,000 barrels of Portland
cement, and a supplemental contract of September 13, 1912, covering
additional quantity necessary to complete the work, 1,303,762 barrels
of cement were delivered during the past year, makmg a total of
5,657,786 barrels supplied under this contract.
Very respectfully,
F. C. BOGGS,
Major, Corps of Engineers, United States Army,
General Purchasing Officer, Chief of Office.
Col. Geo. W. Goethals, United States Army,
Chairman and Cliief Engineer,
Culebra, Canal Zone.
APPENDIX S.
REPORT OF DONALD F. MacDONALD. GEOLOGIST.
CuLEBRA, Canal Zone, August 1, 1913.
Sir: I have the honor to submit the appended report on the geology
of the Canal Zone, to accompany the annual report for the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1913. t-. t^ nr t^
Donald F. MacDonald,
Col. Geo. W. Goethals, Geologist
Chairman and Chief Engineer, Culebra, Canal Zone.
CONTENTS.
ISTHMIAN GEOLOGY. Page.
I. Introductory 566
II. Geography ' 566
A. Agriculture 567
B. Timber 567
III. General geology 567
A. Introductory, 567
B. Rock formations 568
1. Bas Obispo formation 568
2. Las Cascadas agglomerate 568
3. Bohio conglomerate 568
4. Culebra formation 568
5. Cucaracha formation 569
6. Emperador Limestone 569
7. Caimito formation 569
8. Panama formation 569
9. Gatun formation 570
10. Caribbean Limestone 570
11. Pleistocene formations 570
C. Igneous rocks 570
1. Granodiorite 570
2. Diorite 570
3. Andesite 570
4. Rhyolite 571
5. Meta-breccia 571
6. Basalt 571
IV. Historical geology 572
A. Origin of formations 572
B. Recent rise of Isthmian land 574
V. Economic and engineering geology 574
A. Introductory 574
B. Placer deposits 574
C. Lode deposits 575
D. Nonmetallic deposits 575
(a) Quarries, gravel pits, etc 575
(6) Clay deposits 577
(c) Limestone 577
{d) Fullers earth 577
(e) Amber 577
(/) Chalcedory 578
(g) Other minerals 578
(h) Mineral springs 578
E. Fuels 578
(a) Coal 578
(6) Oil 579
(c) Gas 579
{d) Peat 579
{e) Conclusion 579
F. Land classification work 580
G. Slides 580
565
566 KEPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Isthmian Geology,
i. introductory.
Isthmian geology has three divisions of interest: Its direct bear-
ing on canal construction, its contribution to scientific knowledge,
and the information that it gives regarding the mineral resources of
the regions examined. As a matter of fact, all three of these divisions
have some relation, direct or indirect, to canal construction.
Geologists have, of coui-se, visited this region in the past. Not,
however, until canal and Panama Railroad construction work broke
through the jungle and soil cover of hill and valley were there areas
of rock exposures sufficient for fairly detailed geological study.
To-day, thanks to these excavations, rock specimens have been
gathered, fossils collected, and data made available which soon will
make the Isthmian geological section a standard of comparison for
futm-e geological studies throughout the whole Carribean region.
The history of the joining together of the North and South American
continents is contained in the geological studies of the Isthmian
region. This fact is of special importance to science m general, but
particularly to geologists, and to those biologists who have to do with
problems that liave a bearing on the north and south interconti-
nental migrations of flora and fauna. This report vn\\, of course,
contain omy the outline of the Isthmian geological story.
n. GEOGRAPHY.
The surface configuration of a country is always a considerable
factor in the solution of the engineering problems of that country.
It will, therefore, be of interest to briefly consider the three different
types of topography or surface configuration that are to be found on
the Isthmus. They are (1) the mountain type, consisting of more or
less individual groups of momitain peaks, from 2,000 to 11,000 feet
high. This type is not represented wathin the Canal Zone; (2) the
hill and mesa type, consistmg chiefly of iiTegular angular hills, short
ridges, crooked, unsymmetrical valleys, and angular depressions and
basins; (3) the coastal-plain type, which flanks at intervals both the
Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Panama and much of Central America.
The hUl tvpe of topography is well shown in the middle and south-
ern parts 01 the Canal Zone, and two of the hills reach up approxi-
mately to 1,000 feet above sea level. Plates 65 and 66 snow these
hills. They present some likeness, in their green jungle-covered
irregular surfaces, to enormous cross waves at sea. There are within
the Canal Zone no mesas or flat-topped hills, but outside the Zone
these occur locaUy, associated with this type of topography. The
Quadranchia Hills east of Gatun and the ridges west of Gatun Dam
are fairly even crested, but, of course, they are not mesas.
The coastal-plain type (plate 67) is fairly well represented on the
northern or Atlantic end of the Zone. It may be present as a coastal
swamp a mile or less wide, or it may be a plain which slopes upward
very graduaUy from sea level to where it may attain an elevation of
some hundreds of feet at say 10 to 15 miles inland. Where this is so,
streams have locally eroded away its former surface, so that now only
remnants of its original elevation are left as low hills occupying inter-
REPORT OF GEOLOCilST. 567
stream positions. These coastal-plain areas, especially on the Atlantic
side, have had a very consideranle influence on the history of the
country. They are mostly very fertile and are the chief source of the
great Central American banana industry. They are also very mala-
rial and generally unhealthy. The coastal plain, especially on the
Pacific coast, is divided off into different areas by spurs from the
central highlands. These cross-hill areas generally form headlands,
and extend beyond the coast line as groups of islands.
A. AGRICULTURE.
The American people have manifested considerable interest in the
agricultural possibilities of the Canal Zone. Briefly, what are these
possibilities? The greater part of the Canal Zone land consists of
hill country above described. On these hills the soil is generally
shallow and rocky, and in a few years of successive cultivation of the
same areas the heavy tropical rains would wash away a goodly part
of it. Besides the steepness, rockiness, and generally shallow soil
conditions of the hill region it must be recognized that the climate
here is such that American farmers after a decade, more or less, would
in most cases not have sufficient energy and ambition left to insure
their success. On the richer lands of the valleys and coastal-plain
areas the problem of sanitation would have to be financed. No indi-
vidual f armmg community could ever hope to pay the bills of a success-
ful war on mosquitoes and other pests. Any American farmer would,
indeed, be badly off if he had to get his daily rice by cultivation of
Canal Zone lands. Of course this unfavorable outlook does not apply
to all of Panama. In the western provinces, especially those of
Chiriqui, Veraguas, and Los Santos, there are high mountain valleys
with cool and healthful climate where coffee, cattle, and other tropical
and semitropical agricultural pursuits give considerable promise of
good returns. Even the flat llano lands of Chiriqui and Veraguas
frow good crops of grasses, rice, corn, and citrus fruits, and nourish
ealthy herds of cattle.
B. TIMBER.
Most of the useful tim'ber within the Canal Zon,e was harvested
years ago. What remains has but little commercial value outside of
the fact that it serves a few local wants. There are other parts of
Panama, however, outside the Canal Zone, that have fairly good for-
ests of useful timber.
III. GENERAL GEOLOGY.
A. INTRODUCTORY.
Within the Canal Zone there are many varieties of rock. All of
the different varieties, however, can be included in 11 groups or for-
mations of bedded rocks and 6 groups of igneous rocks. Each forma-
tion may consist of several different kinds of rock, but these are
merely local variations or different members of the same family.
The several formations are distinct from each other in age, in charac-
ter of material, and in mode of formation. Plate 68 is a generalized
geological section across the Isthmus, showing the different forma-
568 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
tions between the Atlantic and the Pacific shores. Plate 69 shows the
rock succession and is the legend or key to plate 68. The two oldest
formations contain no fossils, so their age is unknown. The lower
part of the Bohio conglomerate is also of unknown age. The other
formations range from Oligocene to late Pleistocene. The Miocene is,
so far as known, not represented in the rock succession. Correlation
across the Isthmus is a difficult matter because of sparsity of out-
crops, hence further work may sfightly modify the conclusions
reached herein.
B. ROCK FORMATIONS.
1. Bas Ohis^o formation. — The Bas Obispo formation, the oldest
Isthmian formation so far known, and probably of pre-Tertiary age,
is a volcanic breccia, with sotne local meta-conglomerate of andesitic
composition. It is formed of andesitic fragments and ash blown out
of oM volcanic vents. This debris settled down over the surrounding
region and was subsequentljT^ cemented into fairly hard rock. Locally
it shows some rough bedding, and it outcrops extensively at Bas
Obispo, and near Old Panama, and small outcrops rise above the
alluvium near Miraflores and Diablo Ridge.
2. Las Cascadas agglomerate. — The Las Cascadas agglomerate over-
lies the basalt breccia and outcrops extensively along the canal
between Empire and Las Cascadas. It consists of greenish to gray
basic agglomerate, which contains large and small subangular frag-
ments in a fine-grained ground mass of volcanic clay and tuff. (Plate
70.) The whole is arranged in massive, to roughly bedded, uncon-
formable deposits. Interbedded with these are andesitic flow brec-
cias, some fine-grained grayish and some coarse-grained dark ande-
sitic flows, and a few easily crumbled lava-mud flows wliich show
columnar jointing where exposed in the canal. The whole is cut by
large and small basalt dikes.
3. Bohio conglomerate. — The Bohio conglomerate consists of two
members. The lowermost of these is, so far, of indeterminable age,
but seems to be considerably younger than the Las Cascadas agglom-
erate. It consists of gravel, cobbles, and bowlders up to several feet
in diameter, fairly wefi bedded but locally massive. Interbedded with
the coarser material are sandstone and argillite layers. The upper-
most member is of the same general composition but contains some
beds of dark gray foraminiferal marls, probably of early OUgocene
age. The cobbles and "bowlders in both formations arc cherts, ande-
sites, basalts, ajid diorites and were derived from the older intrusive
masses of igneous rock now found at intervals along the central part
of the Isthmian region. The formation is probably nearly one thou-
sand feet thick, and it outcrops extensively in the vicinity of Bohio
and near Gamboa Bridge and Caimito Junction,
4. The Culebra formation. — Tlie Culebra formation is the oldest
series that has so far yielded many determinable fossils. Drs. W. H.
Dall and T. W. Vaugnan, United States Geological Survey speciahsts
in the study of Tertiary fossils, regard its fauna as very hkcly belong-
ing to the latter part of the Oligocene. When they shall have care-
fuDy studied the collection the age wiU be clearly estabhshed. The
formation consists of an upper and a lower member. The lower
member (a) consists of dark, well laminated beds of soft shales, marls,
and carbonaceous clays, with some pebbly, sandy, and tufaceous
REPORT OF GEOLOGIST. 569
layers, and a few thin beds of lignitic shale. It outcrops in Culebra
Cut, near Culebra, and near Pedro Miguel. The upper member (b)
consists of beds and lenses of sandy Umestone to calcareous sandstone
3 to 10 feet thick, separated by partings of carbonaceous clays and
fine bedded tuffs (plate 71). Locally this formation gives off a httle
natural gas and in some restricted areas it shows shghtly bituminous
shales so that it is possible that it may be the source of the oil seepages
found in Darien. Oral accounts of some of the rocks of that region
favor this idea. The formation must have at least 500 feet of thick-
ness.
5. Cucaracha formation. — The Gucaracha formation consists of
greenish, fine-grained clay with some local red beds. It is fairly mas-
sive but contains a few beds of lignitic shale, some lenses of gravel,
sandy beds, and one extensive flow of gray andesitic lava about 20
feet thick. It outcrops along the canal near Rio Grande and on both
sides of Gold and (Jontractors Hills. Its chemical composition is
andesitic, and it is cut by some basalt dikes (plate 72) . This forma-
tion is about 400 feet thick and is somewhat restricted in area.
6. Emperador Umestone. — ^The Emperador limestone hes uncon-
formably on several of the older beds. It is a light-colored, fairly
pure limestone, which contains many corals, some pelecypods, and
other marine fossils. Its outcrops are somewhat flaggy and occupy
comparatively small areas. Near Las Cascadas a section cut by the
canal shows five different beds (plate 73), some of which are marly
sandstone. The lower beds are 4 to 6 feet and the upper one about
25 feet tliick. The formation outcrops northwest of Empire, south of
Las Cascadas, on the relocated line of the Panama Railroad, near San
Pablo, near Frijoles, in the swamp southeast of Diablo Bridge, and
extensively near Alhajuela. It is a good horizon marker, seems to
extend over a wide area, and it is thought that any oil-bearing beds
which may be discovered within the RepubUc of Panama will prob-
ably lie not far below tliis Hmestone. The formation also has possible
value as a local source of lime.
7. The Caimito formation. — The Caimito formation consists of (a)
light-gray marly argillite, which overhes the Emperador Hmestone,
and wliich grades into a yellowish and somewhat spherical weather-
ing argiUitic sandstone, bluish gray on fresh fracture; (h) a pecuharly
calcareous conglomerate with some fragments of much decayed basic
rock, which locally give a bright green stain to smaU patches of the
formation; (c) more yellowish sj)herical weathering argiUitic sand-
stone, (a) is found mostly overlying the Hmestone, and is thought to
be the rock wliich outcrops in the Chagres River at Barbacoas, near
San Pablo. (6) and (c) may be seen in the section at Bald Hill north
of Miraflores. (h) outcrops extensively at San Pablo, and near the
site of the proposed wireless-telegraph station opposite San Pablo.
This whole formation has at least 400 feet of thickness.
8._ Panama formation. — The Panama formation, first named by Hill,
in his Bulletin on the Geology of Panama,^ is a Hght-colored, weU-
bedded tuff, somewhat acid in composition and locally contains some
argilHtic beds. It has a few fossils, and outcrops extensively from
Miraflores to Panama, and locally in some other places. The forma-
tion is at least 400 feet thick and overHes the Caimito beds.
I Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, Vol. XXVIII, No. 5, The Geological
istory of the Isthmus of Panama and portions of Costa Rica, by Robt. T. Hill.
History
570 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
9. Gatun formation. — ^This formation consists of three members:
(a) About 500 feet of marls and argillites, containing many marine
fossils, and some beds of soft sandstone and conglomerate. It is dark
gray in color, except locally, where many brown specks indicating
fragments of organic material are shown. (&) Mostly fine soft sand-
stone, about 100 feet tliick, containing a few fossils, (c) Light-
colored indurated clay beds. The formation is very extensive and
constitutes the foundation on which the Gatun Locks are built. The
upper part of the formation weathers into red clay, and except where
this is cut through by streams it covers the sohd rock to a depth of
20 to 25 feet. Large collections of fossils have been made from these
beds, and from a study of them it is known that the formation was
deposited in Oligocene time. The hght-colored indurated clay beds
forming the upper part of the Gatun series seem to correspond to the
Panama formation, wliile the Caimito formation may be the equiva-
lent of the middle and the lower Gatun beds.
10. Caribbean limestone. — The Caribbean limestone (Gabb's Antil-
lite) is a sandy fragmental limestone, locally a coquina or shell marl.
It fringes the Caribbean coast, forming low bluffs on many of the head-
lands. Near the river mouths and the lower ends of the valleys it is
generally absent. It outcrops at Toro Point, west of Gatun Dam,
and at the mouth of the Chagres River, and is the rock from which
Fort San Lorenzo was built. From its fossils it is provisionally
referred to the Pliocene (?). In Costa Rica this limestone fringes the
Caribbean shore in many places, and inland from it are argilUte beds
of the same age.
11. Pleistocene formations. — These consist of (a) bench gravels up
to 100 feet above present river level; (6) swamp formations filling
old channels to depths of 375 feet below present sea level; (c) river
gravels 10 feet above present flood-plane level, old sea beaches 6 to 30
feet above present beach level; (d) shoals, beaches, and present river
alluvium.
c. Igneous rocks.
The igneous rocks within the Canal Zone — those which cooled from
the lava state — belong to six distinct groups or famiUes. Three of
these are shown on the geological section, plate 68. The others are
in place witliin some miles of the canal. They are —
1. Granodiorite. — A quartz bearing, locally porphyritic rock, a
member of the broad group of granite rocks. It forms Cocoyi Island,
a small island in Panama Bay. Granite float or gravel is found,
among other rock debris, in the Chagres River. Tliis shows that
somewhere within the Chagres drainage basin there is a mass of
granite rock.
2. Diorite. — A rock much like granite, but with no free quartz and
with much dark hornblende, is found as rounded fragments among the
gravel of the Chagres and in the Bohio conglomerate. A small mass
of it outcrops at Point Farfan, opposite Balboa. Both diorite and
^anocUorite form some of the core masses of the mountains in the
interior of Panama.
3. Andesite. — A rock of about the same chemical composition as
diorite is known at a few places in the Canal Zone. It differs from
diorite in having reached the surface as a lava magma, wliile diorite
REPORT OF GEOLOOIST. 571
cooled below the surface and is therefore generally much more
coarsely crystallized. A flow of this type of rock shows in Culebra
Cut. it is somewhat remarkable in that it is more than a mile long,
of unknown width, and less than 20 feet tliick. It flowed out on an
old land surface when about half the present thickness of the Cuca-
racha formation was deposited, so that it now appears sandwiched
in between the upper and the lower parts of tliis formation. Vol-
canic necks and dikes of andesitic rock cut the Las Cascadas agglom-
erate in various places. Similar dikes seem to cut the diorite at
Pomt Farfan, opposite Balboa.
4. Rhyolite. — A rock with the same chemical composition as gran-
ite, forms Ancon Hill, plate 74. It differs from granite in that it
came to the surface and cooled quickly before it had time to crystalize
fully. Granite may be thought of as a rhyolite which cooled below
the surface, very slowly, with plenty of time to crystalize well. This
rock is of special importance, because, in crushed form, it was used
for the concrete work of the IMiraflores and Pedro Miguel Locks.
Ancon Hill is a large dike or tabular mass of rhyolite which was
injected in lava form through the surrounding rocks. No other
important rhyolite mass is known on the Isthmus.
5. Meta-breccia. — ^Under this heading are classed the metamor-
phosed tuff, clay, agglomerate, and breccia masses that form Gold
Hill, Contractor's Hill, Office Hill (Culebra), the breccias at Paraiso,
at Empire, and at other places. Around at least a part of the periph-
ery of several of these masses, and sticking up through aU of them
in one or several places, are basalt dikes. All of these masses are
separated from the rocks wliich surround them by a contact along
wliich faulting has occurred. Both the Gold HiU and the Contrac-
tor's Hill masses have been faulted downward some hundreds of
feet. (See plates 75 and 76.) These meta-breccias are similar to cer-
tain phases of the Bas Obispo breccia. Disturbed bedding is found
in their upper parts, so that a vertical section of them would look like
a vertical section through the upper part of the Bas Obispo, and a
part of the overlying Las Cascadas agglomerate, with some higher
bedded tuffs included. From this evidence it seems certain that these
meta-breccia masses were punched upward as somewhat metamor-
phosed and toughened caps on top of basalt plugs or cores. On cool-
ing, shrinkage and outlets for various dikes and apophyses, caused
a gradual settling back of these plugs to about their present position.
Geologists who have not seen these masses may question tliis hy-
pothesis; probably scarcely as searchingly, however, as the writer
liimself did when he first framed it.
6. Basalt. — A dark, quite basic, fine-grained lava rock is quite
plentiful on the Isthmus. As dikes it shows in Culebra Cut near
Empire, Culebra (plate 72), and Pedro Miguel. As more massive
intrusions it forms Office Hill, at Empire, the top part of Gold Hill;
also liills near Paraiso, Pedro Miguel, Rio Grande, and many other
places. In fact most of the steep hills and ridges within the Canal
Zone except Ancon Hill (plates 65 and 66) are formed of hard basaltic
rock wMch formerly came up through the softer rock as dikes and
cores of lava. The basalt near Culebra Cut contains practically no
oUvine, while that found in many other places is rich in tliis mineral.
In addition to the igneous rocks above enumerated, there are
several cooled and hardened mud lava flows, which are found in
5*72 REPORT ISTHMIAN CAlSTAL COMMISSION.
the Las Cascadas agglomerate. These local masses often show
columnar structure and are quite hard, but on exposure to the air
for a few years they crumble very considerably.
IV. HISTORICAL GEOLOGY.
A. ORIGIN OF FORMATIONS.
The oldest rocks within the Canal Zone indicate two periods of
volcanic activity of the explosive kinds: (1) The materials wliich
went to form the Bas Obispo formation were ejected from craters
as volcanic ash and fragments of hot rock. Tliis took place probably
previous to Tertiary time. (2) A lesser and more locahzed volcanic
period gave the Las Cascadas agglomerate; a formation composed
mostly of somewhat bedded and sorted volcanic debris. The agglom-
erate formation is so much less consolidated and cemented together
than the Bas Obispo rocks that it must have been formed a long
time subsequent to the date of origin of the latter. These formations
are separated from each other by an unconformity — a period when
no rocK formations were deposited. Tliis is evidence that the first
period of volcanic activity was followed by a long time of quietude
before the second briefer explosive period began. During the first
of these periods numerous islands of volcanic origin seem to have been
raised in the shallow ocean which occupied the site of the present
Isthmus. At the end of the second period the land rose considerably
and streams became active. The streams, with their activity greatly
increased from the rise of the land, gathered abundant sand and
sediment among the volcanic debris. This they carried and sorted
so that now it forms the bedded, shghtly cemented, conglomerate
here referred to as the Bohio formation. Toward the close of the
period durmg which the Bohio conglomerate was deposited the land
had become considerably worn down so that only relatively fine
sediments were bein^ washed into the numerous shallow bays and
straits that separated the then islands of the Isthmian archipelago.
Conditions of this kind existed throughout the time when the Cule-
bra formation was being deposited. Local beaches and coral reefs
had been formed, and these created some landlocked sloughs and
estuaries that were shallow and had not much tidal current. Locally,
marine swamps flourished, and the vegetable remains from these,
together with depositional debris, furnished the carbonaceous clays
and hgnitic shales that now characterize the Culebra formation.
The Culebra period of deposition was ended by a gradual rise of the
land, so that areas formerly under water were emerged. This retreat
of the shore fine left shore gravels over a part of the Culebra forma-
tion, and we fijid these gravels to-day separating the Culebra from the
overlying Cucaracha rocks. Deposition of sediment, washed down
from the higher land, still went on over the emerged surface, and this
land-deposited material forms the present Cucaracha formation. That
this formation contains hgnitic shale beds is due to the fact that swamp
conditions locally prevailed while it was being laid down. This
period ended by a sinking and submergence oi much of the land
except the higher hiUs which stood up as islands. With this sinking
began tho building up of numerous coral reefs among the islands, ana
these coral reefs later went to form the Empcrador limestone.
KEl'OKT OF GEOLOGIST. 573
The limestoiio-depositing period was ended by another rise of land
which increased the activity of streams and general erosion, and
caused the sediments which now fomi the Caimito formation to be
washed down from the higher lands. Some of these sediments were
left as land deposits and some were deposited in water. A further
local upraise of land over the site of the present Bay of Panama
brought up an area of old rhyolitic tuffs such as those which now form
the main part of Taboga Island, and other small islands in Panama
Bay. Material eroded from these was deposited on the surrounding
low land and in the shallow water, and this seems to have been the
origin of the Panama formation.
^Vhile the upper part of the Caimito formation and the Panama
beds were being formed on the central and southern portions of the
Isthmus, the Gatun formation was being laid down on the northern
side. The age relationship of these formations is based largely on
fossil evidence, as it has been found extremely difficult to trace the
different beds clear across the Isthmus. The Gatun formation was
deposited in the ocean not far from the shore. This is shown by the
many marine fossils, and the fragments of wood and organic matter
that it contains.
The depositional epoch during which the Gatun and Panama forma-
tions were laid down seems to have ended, probably in late OHgocene
time, by a general rise of the land. During the following period — the
JVIiocene — the land remained emerged, for no bedded rocks of that age
have been found. Intrusions of basaltic, andesitic, and rhyoUtic lavas
were injected up through aU the rocks older than the Miocene, so it is
thought that the closing period of Isthmian volcanic activity took
place in Miocene time. It is to be noted that this last period of vol-
canism was of the quiescent kind, entirely different from the explosive
volcanic action that gave the materials for the Bas Obispo and Las
Cascadas formations. There is evidence that post-Miocene volcanic
action formed Chiriqui Mountain, in Western Panama, and there may
be other examples of PUocene or Pleistocene volcanism in the high
mountains of the interior.
At the close of the Miocene a sinking of land occurred, for we find
rocks belon^ng to the next period wmch contain marine fossils, so
that it is quite certain they were laid down in embayments of the PU-
ocene sea. This submergence continued up into the Pleistocene, for
the Caribbean Umestone was deposited in Pliocene or early Pleistocene
time.
Toward the middle of the Pleistocene the land rose until it attained
an altitude of more than 400 feet above its present elevation. This
is known to a certainty because the old Pleistocene channel of the
Chagres River, at Gatun, is about 375 feet below present sea level,
and such a depth could not have been excavated by the river except
under conditions where the land stood much higher than now. After
middle Pleistocene time a gradual submergence began. This went on
until the land in the vicinity of Colon stood about 8 feet lower than
now. In the vicinity of Aguadulce this period of submergence carried
the land 25 feet below its present elevation. As it sank the sea
invaded the lower ends of the valleys and these became gradually
silted up by stream sediments. On these shallow silted areas swamp
vegetation flourished. Silting and vegetable growth kept pace \vitn
the sinking and thus were formed the swamp areas along the seacoast.
574 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
near the mouths and in the lower parts of streams. It is thought
that the chief period of faulting which broke and sheared the Canal
Zone rocks to such a notable extent took place chiefly with the sinking
of the land after middle Pleistocene time.
B. RECENT RISE OP ISTHMIAN LAND.
The last land movement has been an emergence. This took place
within liistoric time, according to the following evidence: About 7
miles southwestwardly by from Aguadulce, 80 miles southwest of the
canal, the natives have excavated a shell mound, the material from
which they burn for lime. Tliis shell deposit is on the base of a small
hill, wiiich rises about 75 feet above the nat coastal plain that extends
to the sea, half a dozen miles away. The surface of the plain at this
point is about 25 feet above sea level. The mound contains many
different varieties of shells, and mixed in with these are numerous
fragments of broken crockery, indicating clearly that tliis is an ancient
kitchen midden. From half an inch to a foot of soil has accumulated
over the surface of the shells. From the evidence it is clear that tliis
marked a canoe landing and small fishing village when the sea covered
the low coastal plain and the present hiU formed one of a small group
of islands. The other islands, now hdls, lie outside of tliis one and
formerly sheltered it from the open sea. Here then the rise of land
has been 25 to 30 feet within one or two thousand years. There is
little doubt that the raised beaches in the vicinity of Colon, which
indicate an emergence of 6 to 10 feet, were at present sea level witliin
2,000 years and probably much more recently.
Tliis whole problem of land oscillation has a direct bearing on the
canal, for if it went on rapidly it would in time undo the work of canal
construction. After studying the matter, however, and tracing the
different times of emergence and submergence as recorded in the
geological section, the conclusion is reached that the canal can be in
no danger from the above-described latest emergence of the Isthmian
land. This emergence is slow and liable to stop or change into a
contrary movement, as it has been sho^vn, in the foregoing pages, to
have done many times in the past. It therefore can not be considered
as a danger to the great waterway.
V. ECONOMIC AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGY.
A. INTRODUCTORY.
Since the days of Spanish occupation stories attributing rich
mineral deposits to the isthmus have persisted. Even to-day "Lost
Spanish mine" myths find credence among many. What are the
facts regarding the mineral wealth of the Isthmus ?
B. PLACER DEPOSITS.
In many of the streams witliin the Canal Zone " colors " of gold can
be obtained by washing the gravel. So far, however, no placer deposit
of any value is known ; and there is no indication that any such deposit
may be discovered within the Zone. This unpromising outlook for
placer values is due to the fact that the streams which show a few
REPORT OF GEOLOGIST. 575
colors have no gravel deposits worth mentioning, and the few streams
that have considerable gravel are almost barren of colors. Some
placer gold deposits, so called, were reported to the.chairman. These
on investigation proved to have not the slightest commercial value, in
spite of the fact that they showed some colors" of gold. In some
other instances of reported placer deposits the "colors" were found
to be not gold but yellow flakes of mica, with occasional crystals of
iron pyi'ite.
Witliin the Republic of Panama, outside the Canal Zone, there are
some placer deposits that may have commercial value.
C. LODE DEPOSITS.
Locally there are some indications of gold lode mineralization, but
so far no lode deposit of commercial value is known within the Canal
^one. In the excavation of Culebra Cut some local areas of mineraU-
zation were encountered. These, however, proved to be scattered
pyrite deposits in clayey shale near its contact with basaltic masses.
Such deposits are due to the hot lava rock — the basalt — shaving been
injected into the shale, and having given off mineralizing hot waters
fi'om which the pyrite, chalcedony, calcite, and some other minerals
were precipitated as the whole cooled. Such deposits sometimes
carry values in gold. These, however, are too local and not concen-
trated enough to have any commercial value. In at least one case
within the Canal Zone some mining macliinery was brought in. The
wheels and well-turned shafts of this, however, have for some years
served no other purpose than to afford roosts for the feathery tribe of
the jungle.
Within the Republic of Panama, outside the Canal Zone, lode
deposits of gold have been worked for many, many years, but the
present output is very small, indeed. The Provinces of Darien, Los
Santos, and Veraguas may show some mining development in the
next few years, especially as some areas of volcanic rock there are
known to carry native copper.
D. NONMETALLIC DEPOSITS.
(a) Quarries and gravel pits. — In construction work the commis-
sion has made use of seven difl'erent types of rock material, as follows:
1. Hard, tough crystalized (igneous) rock, broken so as to pass
through a 3 to 4 inch round-hole screen. Vast quantities of this were
used to mix with cement for the concrete work of the locks. The call
for this type of rock is now practically over.
2. A considerable amount of fine screenings (inch mesh) were used
for light concrete work, road work, local railway ballast, etc,
3. Great pieces of hard, tough igneous rock up to several tons in
weight were used to armor the west breakwater, Colon Harbor,
against the destructive effects of ocean waves.
4. Fill material of all kinds, mostly soft rock dug out of Culebra
Cut, was used to fill in swamps, build up "made land," where neces-
sary, to form a large part of Gatun Dam, and to heart or form the
core of breakwaters.
5. Soft mud dredged out of canal channels or from borrow pits
was pumped in to fill up certain swamp areas and to penetrate the
interstices and fill all the spaces between the coarse fragments of
Gatun Dam, thus creating a seal to insure water tightness.
576 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
6. Clean sand, free from organic matter, was used for concrete and
other work.
7. Gravel was used for railway ballast and locally for concrete and
other work.
Nature supplied the Canal Zone with some excellent sources from
which to obtain rock for concrete work. The best of these is Ancon
Hill, wliich furnished the crushed rock for the concrete work of the
Miraflores and Pedro Miguel Locks, It consists of a dike of rhyolite
nearly half a mile long and some hundreds of feet thick (plate 72).
This rock is quite hard, so it resisted erosion, or wearing down, by
the several streams which cut away the softer rocks around it. Be-
cause of this hardness Ancon Hill now stands over 600 feet above the
river-flat lands which nearly surround it. The rock from this hill is
very much broken up and very easily blasted out; so much so that
relatively little further crushing by machinery is necessary to prepare
it for use in concrete or other work. This broken-up condition is
due to two causes: (a) On cooling from its original lava condition
the rock developed joints or slmnkage cracks. (6) During the
period of faulting, which cracked and sheared many of the rock for-
mations on the Isthmus, this large tabular-shaped mass was consid-
erably crushed and broken. In this case, the faulting or breaking of
earth blocks in millineums agone has been an aid in canal construc-
tion. The same period of faultmg, however, has been a hindrance
in the excavation of Culebra Cut, for it locally weakened the rocks
there and gave them a greatly increased tendency to slide.
The Porto Bello quarry and crushing plant furnished the crushed
rock for the Gatun Locks. This quarry is located on a large area of
andesitic rock, which had few shrinkage joints, and which was too
large and solid to be much broken up by faulting. Here nature ren-
dered but little assistance in crushmg the material and getting it
ready for lock building; so the canal commission had to have, rela-
tively speaking, extra crushing done on this rock at extra cost. This
quarry did good service in furnishing large pieces up to several tons in
weight, which were used to armor the west breakwater at Colon Harbor.
In June, 1913, the commission wished to find a hard-rock quarry
that should be as convenient as possible to Colon and to the relocated
line of the Panama Railroad. Hard rock on the Canal Zone always
stands up, forming ridges or hills. One of these ridges, 2 miles south
of New Frijoles, was located from a railroad train. Then trails were
cut in to it and a few small stoppings made. The rock proved to be
basalt and was favorably reported on. Subsequent work showed that,
like nearly all the basalt masses of the Canal Zone, it broke up into
fairly small fragments. This, though very desirable for concrete
or road work, would be of little service in armoring a breakwater
against sea waves unless reenforced by large heavy pieces. Several
other hard-rock areas were examined. They were all more or less
sheared and jointed, and so would break out fairly small. They,
thus, would not be well suited to ward off the attacks of heavy sea
waves. Sosa Hill, close to the Pacific entrance, was found to be a
fairly solid mass of andesitic rock, which had very few shear joints,
and "in which the shrinkage joints were far enough apart, so that the
rock would blast out in large pieces up to some tons in weight, with a
relatively small percentage of fine material. This, then, is the host
source known within the Canal Zone of material for armoring against
heavy sea waves.
REPORT OF GEOLOGIST. 577
The gravel for railway ballast and other purposes was obtained
from the Chagres River near Gamboa Bridge. This is practically
the only source of gravel within the Canal Zone. The lower Chagres
contains too much alluvium, and the upper part is too rocky to furnish
much gravel. The available de})osits of it lie between these two
zones, convenient to rail transportation. This deposit furnished most
of the ballast for the relocated line of the Panama Railroad. The
Canal Zone streams are not good gravel makers because —
1 . They are too short and most of them head in ridges of hard rock,
which affords them very few fragments of material which they can
easily wear into rounded gravel form.
2. In the dry season the streams are mostly too feeble, with the
exception of the Chagres, to roll stones along and grind them into
rounded gravel.
3. In the wet season, after heavy rains, the streams become raging
torrents, which sweep away into the Chagres or into the ocean
material which might have been a source of gravel.
4. The majority of the rocks traversed by Isthmian streams are
easily dismtegrated into fine clay. This forms a large proportion
of the material carried by the streams, and it covers up and obscures
much of the small amount of gravel that the streams manufacture.
(6) Clay deposits. — It was thought that tiles for various purposes
in connection with canal construction work might be manufactured
on the Isthmus cheaper than they could be imported. With this
idea in view many samples of clays and clay rocks were sent to the
States to be tested. Tne results were not favorable, as the baked
and finished product was in all cases somewhat too brittle for use.
Some of these clays would, it is believed, be quite good enough for
brick, but so far no deposit of any importance that would make good
tile has been found.
(c) Limestone. — Several inquiries have been received, mostly from
persons not connected with the canal commission, as to whether
limestone suitable for burning into lime is available on the Isthmus.
In answer, it may be said that there are some limestone deposits quite
close to the Panama Railroad that seem to be quite pure enough to
make good lime. So far the commission has not found it necessary
to have analyses of these made, but the hand specimens indicate
that the material would very likely burn into a very good product.
The cheapness with which this material could be quarried and
loaded on cars with steam shovels adds to its prospective value as
a local source of lime.
{d) Fuller's earth. — Within the Canal Zone are some large deposits
of fuller's earth. Preliminary tests indicate that locally, at least, it
is of fairly good grade. At this writing returns have not been re-
ceived from several samples sent out for more extended examination.
This is one of the reasons why a more detailed description of this
interesting deposit is not written at this time.
(e) AjTiber. — In some local excavation work near Brazos Brook
Reservoir, Mr. Fletcher Stevens found some amber. This material
is a fossil resin. It was found some feet below ground in the weathered
part of the Gatun formation. Whether it was deposited there from
Oligocene trees when the Gatun formation was being formed or was
introduced into the upper surface of this formation through the roots
11834°— 13 37
578 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
of relatively recent trees the evidence is not clear, but it favors the
latter idea. Tests showed that the material is not of sufficiently
good quality to have much value in the arts. This fact, coupled with
the relative scarcity or leanness of the deposit, renders this occurrence
of amber of no commercial value.
(/) Chalcedony. — Uncrystalhzed quartz, chalcedony, in several
shades of coloring is plentiful in many of the streams. Translucent
varieties of it fill some cavities in the basalts of certain parts of
Culebra Cut. A great deal of this material has been shipped to the
States by souvenir collectors and cut into ornamental stones for
jewelry, etc. It takes on a good polish, and while practically of
no value as precious stones, these, when cut, are pretty souvenirs of
the canal. Recently a considerable local traffic in these has sprung up.
ig) Other minerals. — In the streams, and locally, where rain has
washed some of the clay rocks black sand remains behind as a con-
centrate. This is mostly magnetite, an oxide of iron which is mag-
netic. Ilmenite, an iron oxide, which contains some titanium, is
present in small quantity. A few fine brassy crystals of pyrite also
occur.
Qi) Mineral springs. — The canal cut, below Miraflores Locks, un-
covered a carbonated spring of somewhat astringent and saline taste.
No analysis of the water has thus far been made.
Several hot sulphur springs are known in Panama outside the
Canal Zone. One, claimed to have medicinal qualities, occurs within
2 miles of David, in the Province of Chiriqui.
(a) Coal. — The owners of certain condemned lands near Miraflores
claimed that their property contained valuable deposits of coal.
Examination proved that the so-called coal was nothing more tnan
local lenses and beds of lignitic shale. Similar lignitic shale beds
are exposed in several places in Culebra Cut.
The lignite so far known within the Canal Zone has no commercial
value. It is practically certain that no valuable coal deposits \viU be
discovered within the Zone, for the following reasons:
(1) All the lignites so far known are entirely too low in grade for
fuel purposes.
(2) The beds are too thin — 6 inches to 4 feet — and are locally
discontinuous.
(3) The bedded rocks of the Canal Zone — those in which it is
possible for coal to occur — are so weak and friable that mine open-
mgs in them would cave in unless timbering and reenforcing that
would be excessive in cost were resorted to. Therefore, even if
valuable coal deposits were discovered in such rocks they could not
be mined as cheaply as coal can now be imported.
Two analyses of the Culebra Cut lignitic shales were made by the
Bureau of Mines, with the following results:
Sample
No. 1.
Sample
No. 2.
Moisture
Per cent.
7.32
24.03
20.33
48.32
Per cent.
8.94
Volatile matter .... .
29.14
Fixed carbon
28.89
Ash
33. 03
REPORT OF GEOLOGIST. 579
Ultimate analysis showed that the samples contained sulphur as
follows: No. 1, 7.52 per cent; No. 2, 4.34 per cent. From these
analyses it is evident that the ash in both these samples is entirely
too high to class them as fuels. Under very favorable conditions
of minmg this material might be used for the manufacture of producer
gas. So far as known at present such favorable mining conditions
do not exist.
(b) Oil. — Oil seepages within the Canal Zone and within the Repub-
lic of Panama have been reported. This matter was looked into
with considerable care because a plentiful supply of relatively cheap
fuel will be necessary to the best interests of the canal. The so-called
oU seepages within the Canal Zone were found to be oillike films,
resulting from decayed vegetation, which covered certain local pools
of stagnant water. These, of course, have no relation to oU deposits.
An agreement was entered into between the canal commission, the
Smithsonian Institution, and the Geological Survey for the purpose of
gathering definite data on the general geology and on the occurrence
of fuels, especially fuel oUs, in Panama, outside the Canal Zone. The
commission geologist was detailed to make such investigations as
would not interfere materially with his duties on the Canal Zone.
The Smithsonian Institution paid the expenses of the mvestigation,
except the salary of the geologist. The Geological Survey is to make
reports on the fossils collected and make chemical analysis of the
typical rocks, etc. Much general geologic and geographic data that
can not be given here, but will later be published by the Smithsonian
Institution, were obtained.
Only one oil seepage, near Chorcha, was noted. Whether this will
have commercial value or not is quite impossible to predict until
some development work shall have been done on it. Otner so-called
oil seepages were visited, but these were merely oillike films from
decayed vegetation that showed in places on the surface of some
pools of stagnant water. Good oU seepages are reported from Darien,
but have not yet been investigated.
(c) Gas. — Locally, in Culebra Cut, considerable gas escapes. It
bubbles up here and there through pools of water, drainage ditches,
etc. It is inflammable, and is what is currently referred to as natural
gas. It is entirely too smaU in amount, and too localized to have
commercial value.
(d) Peat. — No actual deposits of peat are known on the Isthmus.
There is some little indication, however, that some of the swamps
may contain peat deposits that might have some local value as
sources of fuel.
(e) Conclusion. — There seems to be no doubt that the operation of
the canal will call into being a fuel market of great importance. A
good supply of relatively cheap fuel will therefore be a most important
Factor in the successful operation of the canal. It is gratifying, then,
to have recent information from reliable sources of important oil
seepages in Darien, Panama, in Ecuador, Venezuela, and to some
extent in Colombia. Also to learn of a very large and high-grade
coal deposit in Venezuela. Thus it seems practically certain that the
canal will be quite conveniently situated to several sources of cheap
fuel.
580 EEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
F. LAND CLASSIFICATION WORK.
Many claims have been filed with the Joint Land Commission
against the United States. In some of these it is stated that certain
lands which will be flooded by the rise of Gatun Lake, or which
are necessary for canal purposes, have a high value because of the
mineral they contain. Coal was alleged to be the mineral which
gave extra value to one tract. On examination this proved to con-
tain nothing but some small lenses of lignitic shale of absolutely no
commercial value. Other claimants assert that certain lands have
valuable gold deposits. All these claims will be gone into with care
and exactness and detailed reports on them will be made, through
the chairman and chief engineer, to the Joint Land Commission, so
that their mineral value or worthlessness may be clearly established.
G. SLIDES.
In the geologist's report for the last year, page 205, Annual Report
of the Isthmian Canal Commission, 1912, the slides of Culebra Cut
were discussed at length. Since then some new data has become
available and this wUl be incorporated in the brief discussion of the
shdes which follows.
Four distinct types of sliding ground have been recognized. These
are —
(1) Structural breaks and rock deformations resulting in shdes.
(2) Normal or gravity slides.
(3) Fault zone slides.
(4) Surface erosion.
Structural breaks give rise to the largest and most troublesome
slides. They are due to very slow, flowage-like motion toward the
canal of great masses of relatively soft rock. They do not occur
except where the cut has attained a depth of over 125 feet, where
the rocks are friable and easily crushed and deformed. There is only
one remedy for this type of slide, and that is to make the walls of the
excavation less steep, so that the unbalanced pressure at the foot of
the slope will not exceed the crushing and deforming strength of the
rock there. This lightening up should anticipate deforming move-
ments, for such movements gi'eatly weaken the slopes so that after
deformation they will stand only at a much flatter angle than would
have been required before deformation began. Early Hghtcning up,
therefore, saves much, not only in the filial yardage output, but m
track shifting, drainage, and transportation as well.
The normal or gravity shdes are those where loose masses of earth
and rock slip off comparatively solid foundations into the excavation.
For such shdes there is practically no remedy, except that they are
retarded somewhat by good drainage. These slides do not weaken
the slopes as the break deformation slides do. While troublesome
at the tune, they have no bad after effects. For tliis reason no saving
of excavation can ordinarily be accomplished by removing material
from their upper slopes. It is better to let them run their course
and shovel them out from the bottom of the cut.
The third type of slide is that occasioned primarily by the weak-
ening eft'ects of sheared fault zones, wliich cut diagonally across the
canal prism. The mass of rock, in the acute angle wliich the fault
plane makes with the slope of the excavation, has sometimes a large
BEPORT OF GEOLOGIST. 581
overhang due to the dip of the fault. This overhanging part rests
insecurely against the rocks from which it has been faulted oflf, thus
thi'owing an additional strain on the narrow base of the fault block.
If tliis base fails, a fault zone slide results. The only remedy for
these faults is to make the slope relatively flat in the vicinity of fault
zones where there is an overhang of the fault block, due to the dip
of the fault plane. The fault zone type of sUde differs from the others
in that it occurs in rocks perfectly strong enough to stand at a steep
angle but for the weakening presence of the fault. Slides of this
character are not common and are not now relatively important.
The fourth type of sHding ground is that due to the wash of the
heavy tropical rains. These rains wash and trench the unprotected
slopes of Culebra Cut, and carry down a vast lot of material in the
course of a year. The remedy for this is provided by nature, and
consists in assisting grasses and vegetation to clothe the slopes. Of
course such a vegetable growth would have no effect on ordinary
slides, but it will minimize the wash and erosion of the slopes by
heavy tropical rains.
In the last report it was predicted that several million cubic yards
of shde material would yet come in before the slide period closed,
but that there could be no doubt whatever that sliding would cease
after a time, when the slopes had become flat enough. Since then,
all the evidence has been in confirmation of this. The only shde
which let down more material than was expected from it was the
Cucaracha. Several basaltic dikes had held this back for almost a
year, and it was thought that they were strong enough to hold it
entirely. Finally the pressure got so great that the dikes were
sheared off and material considerably in excess of a milUon cubic
yards, more than twice as much as was expected from this shde,
began to move. Now that the cut in front of this shde is down to
final depth it seems fairly certain that tliis slide is on its last stage
of serious activity. This statement is prompted chiefly by the
knowledge that the basalt dikes, the tops of which were sheared off
causing renewed activity of the slide, are in place below the present
moving ground, and will limit the amount of material that can move
here in the future. Under ordinary conditions these dikes would
have held back the present Cucaracha slide movement entirely, but
for the fact that excessive jointing, developed by cooHng and fault
movements^ had rendered them weaker than their size indicated. In
fact, most of the basaltic rocks on the Isthmus are highly jointed
and weakened, as explained under the heading of Quarries. On the
whole, while the slides have been very troublesome and are not yet
finished, it is quite certain that they will give no trouble to the com-
pleted canal, unless they may happen to cause some httle incon-
venience during the first year or two of operation. A few of the
periodicals, especially some of the European shipping journals, have
not yet been able to divorce themselves from the opinion that ships
going through the canal are liable to destruction from slides, earth-
quakes, budding volcanoes, or other catastrophical calamities,
perhaps not even excluding demolition by sea serpents. To those
who know the conditions on the ground aU this seems a drifting off
into the realms of fancy, unworthy of present day information . Ships
going through the Panama Canal will be subject to no more danger
than they would be in any other large canal.
582 report isthmian canal commission.
Plate 123. Geological Cross Sections of Culebra Cut.
In explanation of the geological cross sections shown on plate 123
it may be said : The left-hand end of each section represents the eastern
side of the canal and the right-hand end the western side. The center
line from which the cross sections are measured is the center line of
the old French sea-level canal. It is 80 feet east of the present actual
center line, but is stiU retained because much cross-section work
had been done before the American plans caUed for a widening of
the canal on the westerly side. The original surface of the ground is
shown in dotted lines. The surface when the Americans began
excavation work March 1, 1906, is shown in broken lines. The bot-
tom of the canal is shown in heavy lines. The amount still to be
excavated shows as rock in place above the bottom lines. The
boundaries of the different rock formations before excavation are
shown as broken lines projected into the cut.
The upper cross section, that at station 1743 plus 50, shows the
overlying soft volcanic clay rock on the right-hand (west) side which
slid off the slightly canalward sloping tuff and hmy sandstone beds.
This material came down as a normal shde; when an average slope
of about 1 on 5, or about 11.5 degrees was attained, the shde came
to rest.
The second cross section, that at station 1782, shows the remark-
able fact that the unbalanced pressure created by the cut, which
is over 270 feet deep here, developed a break or wide crack in the
bank on the left-hand (west) side nearly 1,400 feet back from the
toe of the slope; and a crack on the right-hand side nearly 1,000
feet back from the toe of the slope. In both cases slow deformation
and canalward movement of the rocks have caused these breaks.
On the east side a line through the apex of the crack and through
the toe of the slope would make an angle of about 10° with the
horizontal, and on the other side a similarly placed line would make
an angle of about 15°. However, these cracks, being about per-
pendicular and probably 50 feet or more deep, are evidence that
deformations in a sort of flowage way to depths oelow the excavation
have gone on, and that such deformations can not well be measured
in terms of angles. Some bulging up in the bottom of the cut has
occurred here at times.
The cross section at station 1797 shows the relative steepness of
slopes where the rocks are basalts and metashale, as at Gold Hill.
The two lower cross sections at stations 1809 and 1812 plus 50
are to show the flatness of the Cucaracha slide on the east side and
the relative steepness of Contractors HiU on the west side. Cuca-
racha slide has been active since French days and has lot down several
million cubic yards of material altogether. The average slope of
this shde is about 1 on 5, but locally it is flatter than this. The
basalt dikes shown in the cross section have held back the sUding
material for considerable periods, but as the cut in front became
deeper the pressure increased until the tops of the dikes were sheared
off, and the accumulated slide material let into the cut. The cut
is now almost down to grade in front of this shde, so it has reached
its last serious stage of activity.
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PLATE 69.
GENERALIZED SECTION
CANAU zone: formations.
LATE [i;;irMi;i'
Pleistocene
Formation^
C - River diluvium
b - Muds and 3i its
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PLIOCENE-
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Formation
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Caimito
Formation
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b - Limy conglomerate
3 - Sandstone,
Emperador
Limestone.
Marine limestone
Msny corals
Cucaracha
Formation
L and formed clay,
rocks, etc. Lsi'dflow.
V
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Formation
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y clay, tafb, sandstone.
OLIOO-
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4 Phyol/te
I Qranodiorite
SHOWS THE ROCK SUCCESSION, THE NUMBER OF DIFFERENT FORMATIONS, ETC.
Q <
PLATE 72.
, DIKE OF BASALTIC ROCK WHICH CUTS THROUGH THE CUCARACHA FOR-
MATION, OPPOSITE CULEBRA. SINCE IT WAS FORMED THIS DIKE HAS
BEEN BROKEN AND JOGGED BY FAULTING AND SHEARING, b, OLD LAVA
FLOW IN CUCARACHA FORMATION.
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PLATE 74.
ANCON QUARRY, ON THE SOUTHWEST END OF ANCON HILL.
a, NORTHERLY EDGE OF GOLD HILL MASS, PART OF THE BASALT DIKE WHICH
FORMS THE NORTHERLY AND WESTERLY PERIPHERY OF THIS HILL.
6, CUCARACHA FORMATION, c, FAULT ZONE, WHICH EXTENDS AROUND HILL
MASS. d. OLD LAVA FLOW. d'. MASS OF OLD LAVA PULLED DOWN FROM d
(OVER 100 FEET) BY FRICTIONAL DRAG OF HILL MASS, AS IT WAS FAULTED
DOWNWARD IN LATE GEOLOGIC TIMES.
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Appendix T.
TABLES SHOWING INCREASES IN SALARIES AUTHORIZED
OVER ORGANIZATION OF JULY 1, 1910, AND INCREASES OF
NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED OVER NUMBER ALLOWED
IN 1913 BOOK OF ESTIMATES, AS REQUIRED BY ACT OF
CONGRESS APPROVED AUGUST 24, 1912.
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING.
Designation.
Office of Chief Engineer,
first division.!
Blacksmith, $1,591.20
Blacksmith, $1 ,370.88
Carpenter, 81,713.60
Carpenter, $1,591.20
Carpenter, $1,370.88
aerk, $1,800-.
Coxswain, $1,140
Draftsman, $2,400
Draftsman, $2,100
Draftsman, $1,800
Draftsman, $1,500
Draftsman (tracer), $900
Electrical and mechanical
engineer.
Engineer, steam, $1,800. .
Engineer, steam, $1,500. .
Engineer, launch, $1,140.
Erector, $1,800
Erector, $1,680
Erector, $1,591.20
Erector, $1,370.88
Erector, $1,224
Erector, $1,077.12
Erector, $930.24
Erector, $783.36
Erector, $612
Foreman, 82,100
Foreman, $1,800
Foreman, $1,350
Foreman, $1,200
Foreman, $1,000
Inspector, $2,400
Inspector, $2,100
Ironworker, $1,591.20
Ironworker, $1,370.88
Levelman, $1,500
Machinist, $1,591.20
Pipefitter, $1,.591. 20
Pipefitter, $1,224
Rodman, $1,000
Supervisor, $3,000
Transitman, $1,800 .
Wiremau, $1,591.20.
Wireman, $1,224
Wireman, $1,077.12.
Wireman, $930
Wireman, $783.36...
Wireman, $612
Increase in pay.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
July 1, 1910.
$7,,^00.00
Increased
to—
$9,000.00
Increase in num-
ber.
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
In-
creased
to-
Explanation.
Increase of pay of electrical and
mechanical engineers account
of increased responsibilities
connected with tne erection
of machinery and electrical
equipment.
Erectors were originally shown
on organization as machinists
and changed to erectors, in
order to give men a designa-
tion which was more in keep-
ing with the work performed
under the superintendent of
erection.
Rerated from superintendent at
$3,000.
'The increase in the number of employees at the various designations for the erection force of the
first division, has been occasioned by new division of work between the construction divisions and the
erection force of the first division.
By the new division of work, additional duties were assigned to the first division, involving an
increase in expenditure for labor not estimated for bv this division of approximately 45 per cent.
The increase in number of men is also due to advancing the date of completion and the delay in
delivery of apparatus, thus requiring a shorter period in which to complete a fixed amount of work.
583
584 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING— Continued.
Designation.
Increase in pay.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
July 1,1910.
Increased
to—
Increase in num-
ber.
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
In-
creased
to—
Explanation.
Section of surveys: Rodman
$1,000.
Pacific terminal: 2
Plans for dry docks:
Draftsman, 2,100.
Office of Chief Engi-
neer— Continued.
SECOND DIVISION.'
Section of meteorology and 1 2 One additional hydrographer
hydrography: Hy- employed on gaging of streams
drbgrapher, $1,800. from July 1, 1912, to Dec. 19,
1912, since which time position
has remained unfilled. This
position was in lieu of obsers'er
at $1,200, estimated for but not
used.
The estimates were not suited
to the work. The number of
rodmen employed varied from
two to a maximum of six dur-
ing the latter part of the fiscal
year when a large amount of
field work was required for the
land commission. The five
additional positions of rodmen
were authorized to conform to
the class of work required, and
in lieu of the following posi-
tions estimated for but not
used: 1 transit man at $2,100,
1 transit man at $1,800, 3 level-
men at $1,500.
One temporarily employed in-
latter part of June in order to
enable plans for Dry Dock
No. 2 to be prepared. Two
positions of draftsmen at $1,800
unfilled in the meantime.
Temporarily employed during
May and" June, 1913. These
men will inspect in the United
States the manufacturing of
caisson for Dry Dock No. 2,
during the fiscal year 1914, and
were employed during May
and June on the Isthmus in
connection with the design in
order to familiarize themselves
with the work to be inspected.
Two positions of draitsmen,
one at $2,400 and one at $1,800,
remained unfilled in the mean-
time.
1 Includp^ former third division, alwlished Jan. 21, 1912, and the Pacific terminals construction which
was estimated for by the Pacific Division and work carried on under that Division until Dec. 12, 1912,
when it was transferred to the second division.
2 Estimated for by the second division.
When the estimates for the fiscal year 1913 were submitted, the plans for the terminals were yet in the
preliminary stage. As the work progressed, it l)ecame necessary to temporarily increase the numlier of
men over those authorized in the book of estimates, in order to provide for earlier completion. In this con-
nection, attention is invited to sundry civil bill approved June 23, 1913, making aiipropriations for the
Panama Canal for the fiscal year 1913-14, which contains the same limitations in regard to increases in
number and in compensation as the sundry civil bill approved Aug. 24, 1912, covering the fiscal year
1912-13, with the following addition: "* * * and except for those employed in connection with the con-
struction of * * * dry docks, repair shops, yards, docks, wharves, warehouses, storehouses, and other
necessary facilities and appurtenances for the purpose of providing coal and other materials, labor, repairs,
andsupplies * * *. " Cin:umstancesforthefiscalyearl913 were the same as they will be during the fiscal
year 1914, i.e., when the estimates were submitted it was not possible to anticipate the actual requirements
iind additional force was temporarily employed as new work was authorized.
Inspector, $2,100.
INCREASES IN SALABIES AND PERSONNEL.
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING— Continued.
585
Designation.
Increase in pay.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation o f
July 1,1910.
Office of Chief Engi-
neer—Continued.
SECOND DIVISION— contd.
Plans for permanent shops:
Mechanical engineer j
$3,300.
Assistant engineer, $3,000
Draftsman, $2,400
Draftsman, $2,100
Draftsman, $1,800
Draftsman, $1,650
Draftsman, $1,500
Inspector ,$2,100
Inspector, $1,800
Clerk, $1,500
Pacific terminal construc-
tion: i
Transitman, $2,100
Increased
to—
Increase in num-
ber.
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Booli
of Esti-
mates.
In-
creased
to—
Rodman, $1,000
General foreman, $2,100
S. S. engineer, $2,500. . .
S. S. craneman, $2,200.
Draftsman, $1,800
Draftsman, $1,500
FIFTH DIVISION.
L— OflBcers and employees:
Resident engineer
Resident engineer
Assistant engineer
Junior engineer, $2,400.
Supervisor, $3,000
$6,000
6,000
3,000
$6,600
7,500
3,600
Explanation.
This position was authorized
May 1, and is in lieu of position
of mechanical engineer at the
same rating abolished in the
mechanical division organiza-
tion on the same date. In-
cumbent temporarily em-
ployed on design o f permanent
shop buildings and also acts
in an advisory and consulting
capacity for the mechanical
division whenever needed in
coimection with the worli
formerly required by that di-
vision of its mechanical engi-
neer. Incumbent rated at
$3,000 from May 1, 1913.
Temporarily employed on de-
• sign and inspection of perma-
nent shop buildings.
1 additional employed Dec. 9.
1912, account of increased
work on shop buildings.
Increase of 1 effective May 23,
1913, account of increased
work on shop buildings.
1 additional, account of in-
creased work on dumps and
1 additional account of in-
creased work on shop build-
ings.
{Increase, account of cuttmg m
an additional shovel for bor-
row pit excavation in vicinity
of Diablo Hill, not anticipated
in estimate.
\Employed on estimates and pro-
f files.
Chairtnan's letter, Jan. 4, 1913.
Chairman, May 10, 1913.
Assistant engineer hydraulic ex-
cavation increased from $250
to $300 per month in making
organization for Gold HUl
work. General foreman and
station engineer each reduced
from $225 to $200 per month.
Chairman's letter, Mar. 28, 1913.
New town site and adminis-
tration building.
Chairman's letter, Max. 19, 1913.
Pedro Miguel.
1 Estimated for by Pacific Division.
586 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING— Continued.
Designation.
Increase in pay.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
July 1, 1910.
Increased
to—
Increase in num-
ber.
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
In-
creased
to—
Explanation.
Office of Chief Engi-
NEEK — Continued.
fifth Dn'isioN — continued.
I. Officers and employees —
Continued.
Clerk, $1,800
CTerk, $1,500.
Clerk, $1,200
Clerk, $1,200
Despatcher, chief, $2,700
Foreman, general,
dumps, $2, -400.
Foreman, general, $2,400
Foreman, $1,800
Foreman, $1,500
Transitman, $2,100
Transitman, $1,800
Yardmaster, $2,520
Yardmaster, $2,280
Do.
II. Skilled and unskilled
labor:
Artisans (various),
$1,617.20.
Carpenter, $1,017.20.
Do
13
13
103
106
5
1
3
3
23
1
2
1
14
15
167
no
6
2
Chairman's letter, Oct. 30, 1912.
To cover employment of E . R .
Kiag for 84 days vice R. Ful-
ford discharged with 84 days
leave to hiscredit. Inasmuch
as Mr. King was transferred to
a position which would prob-
ably not last as long as the one
he had been occupying it was
considered only fair to Mr.
King that he receive full pay
of position from the beignning.
Chairman's letter, Oct. 10, 1912.
For period of about 3 months
during absence of clerks L. E.
Herman and P. H. Chad-
bourne on annual vacations.
Chairman's letter, Sept. 11,1912.
Temporary during absence on
leave of R. P. Larrabee.
Chairman's letter, Dec. 14, 1912.
Temporary during absence of
regular clerk on leave.
Chairman's letter Jan. 21, 1913.
Increased amount of transpor-
tation.
Chairman's letter Jan. 27, 1913.
Additional dumps and equip-
ment on excavation.
Chairman's letter Mar. 28, 1913.
New townsite and administra-
tion building.
Chairman's letter Mar. 28, 1913.
New townsite and administra-
tion buidling.
Chairman's letter Mar. 28, 1913.
New townsite and administra-
tion building.
Chairman's letter Mar. 28, 1913.
New townsite and administra-
tion building.
Chairman's letter Mar. 28, 1913.
New townsite and administra-
tion building.
Chairman's letter Jan. 27, 1913.
Increased amount of transpor-
tation.
Chairman's letter Sept. 13, 1912.
Account changed plans and
track systems on dry excava-
tion.
Chairman's letter Jan. 2, 1913.
Account of additional equip-
ment and 12-hour day on ex-
cavation; substitution of
yardmasters at points pre-
viously handled by silver em-
ployees.
Chairman's letter Feb. 26, 1913.
Installation of Gold Hill hy-
drauUc excavating plant.
Chairman's letter Fob. 15, 1913.
12-hour day on concrete.
Chairman's letter Mar. 28, 1913.
New townsite and administra-
tion building.
INCBEASES IN SALARIES AND PERSONNEL. 587
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING— Continued.
Designation.
Office of Chief Engi-
neer— Continued.
fifth division— con td.
II. Skilled and unskilled
labor — Continued.
Carpenter, $1,393.28 ....
Carpenter, $796. 16
Conductor -foreman,
$2,520.
Conductor (qualified),
$2,280.
Conductor (unquali-
fied), $1,800.
Do.
Craneman, steamshovel,
82,220.
Do.
Do.
Engineer, locomotive (qual-
ified), $2,520.
Engineer, locomotive (un-
qualified), $2,160.
Do.
Do.
Engineer, narrow gauge,
$1,800.
Engineer, steam (road roll-
er), $1,620.
Engineer, steam shovel,
$2,520.
Do.
Do.
Increase in pay.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
July 1,1910.
Increased
to—
Increase in num-
ber.
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
55
In-
creased
to—
26
32
26
33
10
25
55
62
Explanation.
Chairman's letter Feb. 15, 1913.
12-hour day on concrete.
Chairman's letter Feb. 15, 1913.
12-hour day on concrete.
Chairman's letter Jan. 29, 1913.
For coal run; supply train;
track shifters (2); first divi-
sion chief engineer's office.
Chairman's letter Mar. 7, 1913.
Account 12-hour day on ex-
cavation and concrete work.
Chairman's letter Nov. 14, 1912.
To man equipment trans-
ferred to this di\dsion and
keep same in service on 12-
hour day.
Chairman's letter Jan. 3, 1913.
To man additional equip-
ment transferred to this di-
vision from other divisions.
Chairman's letter Nov. 1, 1912
To complete crew for addi-
tional shovel put in opera-
tion.
Chairman's letter Dec. 4, 1912.
To keep aU shovels going full
capacity 12 hours per day.
Chairman's letter Feb. 25, 1913.
As extra to avoid shutting
down shovel on account of
sickness or other absence.
Chairman's letter Mar. 7, 1913.
Account 12-hour day on exca-
vation and concrete work.
Chairman's letter Nov. 14, 1912.
To man equipment trans-
ferred to this division and
keep same in service 12 hours
a day.
Chairrhan's letter Jan. 3, 1913.
To man additional equip-
ment transferred from other
divisions.
Chairman's letter Jan. 29, 1913.
Coalnm; supply train; track
shifters (2); First division,
chief engineer, office work.
Chairman's letter Mar. 28,
1913. For approximately 3
months for filling Miraflores
lower guide waU, and 12-hour
day on concrete.
Chairman's letter Mar. 28,
1913. New townsite and ad-
ministration building.
Chairman's letter Oct. 30, 1912.
To fiU vacancy caused by
resignation of O. M. Robi-
nett with 63 days leave to his
credit.
Chairman's letter Dec. 4, 1912.
To keep all shovels going full
capacity 12 hours per dav.
Chairman's letter Feb. 25, "1913.
As extra to avoid shutting
down shovel on account of
sickness and other absences.
588 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING— Continued.
Designation.
Increase in pay.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
July 1,1910.
Increased
to—
Increase in num-
ber.
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
In-
creased
to—
Explanation.
Office of Chief Engi-
neer—Continued .
FIFTH DIVISION — COUtd.
Wireman, $1,950.
SIXTH DIVISION.
Carpenter, $1,680
Clerk (chief), $2,400.
Clerk, $2,100
Draftsman
$1, 800. 00
2, 100. 00
Draftsman, $900.
Engineer (resident)
Engineer (junior), $2,400.
Engineer, $2,400
Engineer, $2.280
Engineer, $2,100
$6,000.00
7,500.00
Engineer, $1,860.
Engineer, $1,620.
Engineer, $1,500.
Engineer, $1,200.
Foreman
Foreman, $2,100.
2, 700. 00
Foreman, $1,800.
Foreman, $1,500.
Foreman, $900...
Master, $2,520....
Master, $2,400.
Master, $2,280.
Master, $2,040.
Master, $1,980.
Master, $1,800.
Mate, $2,100...
Mate, $1,920.
Mate, $1,620.
Chairman's letter July 16, 1912.
Increased from $1506naccount
of increased duties in conse-
quence of abolishunent of Bal-
boa substation operator at
$137.50 per month.
(*)
(*)
(*)
1 transferred from dry dock; 1 in
place of $1,800 account reor-
ganization; chairman's letter
May 15.
Temporarily transferred from
Dry Dock G 0-3471.
(*)
(*)
Accoimt dredge Corozal.
Account dredge Corozal.
Account transfer dredge No. 85
from Atlantic division; chair-
man's letter July 27, 1912.
2accountchairm;m's letters Sept.
14, 1912, account tug Reliance
put on 24-hoiu' shift; 1 in lieu
of higher rate.
1 in lieu of higher rate; 1 account
transfer dredge No. S5 from
Atlantic division; chairman's
letter July 27, 1912.
1 account transfer dredge No. 85
from Atlantic division; chair-
man's letter July 27, 1912; lac-
count reorganization; chair-
man's letter May 15.
(*)
(*)
Temporary accoiuit rebuilding
dredge No. 85; chairman's let-
ter Aug. 8, 1912.
1 account pipeline dredge No. 85
chairman's letter Sept. 13,
1912.
(*)
In lieu of higher rate.
Omitted from estimate through
error.
1 account transfer dredge No. 85
from Atlantic division; chair-
man's letter July 27, 1912; 1
for dredge Corozal.
For dredge Corozal.
(*)
1 in place of mate accoimt tug
Reliance on 24 - hour shift;
chairman's letter Sept. 14,
1912: 2 dredge Corozal.
In lieu of higher rate.
Account transfer dredge No. 85
from Atlantic division; chair-
man's letter, July 27, 1912.
(*)
Account transfer dredge No. 85
from Atlantic division; chair-
man's letter, July 27, 1912; 2
transferred from Gatun in lieu
of higher rate.
Note.— All items (*) account reorganization; authority chairman's letter May 15, 1913.
INCREASES IN SALARIES AND PERSONNEL.
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING— Continued.
589
Designation.
Increase in pay.
Increase in num-
ber.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
July 1, 1910.
Office of Chief Engi-
neer—Continued.
SIXTH DIVISION — continued.
Mate, $1,500
Mate, 81,200
MacMnist, SI, 680.
Oiler, $1,200
Operator, $1,620..
Operator, 81,500.
Rodman..'
Scaler (boiler), 81,200.
Steward, 81,200
ATLANTIC DIVISION.
Dock 13: Coxswain, $1,200. .
Colon breakwater:
Engineer, steam, $900. . .
Foreman (barge) , $1 ,320 .
Dry dock: Rigger, $1,244. . . .
Porto Bello:
Engineer, steam, 81,800
Engineer, steam, 81,.500
Engineer, steam, 81,.500
Engineer, locomotive,
$2,160.
Engineer, steam shovel,
$2,520.
Foreman, general,
$2,400.
Foreman, general,
$2,100.
Foreman, $1,800. .
Conductor, $1,800.
Hostler, $1,680
Trainman, 81 ,200
Yardmaster, $2,100....
Car repairer, 81,393. 2S.
Blacksmith, $1,617.20.
Craneman, steamshovel,
$2,220.
Locks: Transitman, $1,800
Increased
to-
Numb er
author-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
In-
creased
to—
$1,650.00
Explanation.
Account transfer dredge No. 85
from Atlantic division; chair-
man's letter, July 27, 1912.
In lieu of higher rate.
(*)
Sand cranes.
2 account dredge No. 85 (July 27,
1912); 3 account chairman's
letter, Oct. 13, 1912; 2 trans-
ferred from Gatun; 1 in lieu of
higher rate.
In lieu of higher rate.
3 for survey Gatun Lake; 2 ac-
count reorganization (Maj' 15,
1913).
(*)
In lieu of higher rate.
By transfer from harbor and
channel.
Operation of barge No. 12, re-
moving material from trestle.
By transfer from harbor and
channel.
Increased duties and responsi-
bilities due to abolishing 1
foreman rated at $1,980.
1 by transfer from Gatun Dam,
2 by transfer from Colon break-
water.
Decrease in number at higher
rating.
Increase in pay on account of
more than 1 year satisfactory
service. Circular 229-J.
By transfer from Colon break-
water.
Extra man for sickness and va-
cations.
In lieu of superintendent at
83,600.
Increased duties and responsi-
bilities due to additional
equipment assigned to Porto
Bello.
1 omitted from estimates.
Operation of Lidgerwood plow,
and substitution of 6 trainmen
at 8420 for 6 at $1,200.
By transfer from Colon Break-
water.
Extra man for sickness and va-
cations.
In lieu of 1 general foreman at
82,100.
Increase of equipment assigned
to Porto Bello.
Decrease of 1 blacksmith at
81,741.60.
Extra man for sickness and va-
cations.
By transfer from dam and spill-
wav, and in lieu of 1 foreman
at 81,800.
Note.— All items C^) reorganization authority; chairman's letter May 15, 1913.
590 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING— Continued.
Designation.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
July 1, 1910.
Increase in pay.
Increased
to—
Increase in num-
ber.
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
In-
creased
to—
Explanation.
Office of Chief Engi-
ne ER— C ontinued .
ATLANTIC DmsiON— contd.
Power plant:
Station recorder, $1,650.
Operator, pump, $1,020,
Dam and spillway: Engi-
neer, junior, $2,100.
Municipal engineering:
Foreman, general, $2,400
Foreman, $1,800
Engineer, steam, $1,500.
Carpenter, $1,617.20 . . .
Transportation: Yardmas-
ter, $2,520.
CENTRAL DIVISION.
Conductor, qualified, $2,280
Conductor, foreman, $2,520.
Conductor, $2,280
Yardmaster, $2,520
Conductor, $2^280
Craneman, steam shovel,
$2,220.
Dispatcher, assistant chief,
$1,800.
Engineer, assistant, $2,700.
Engineer, junior, $2,100
Engineer, locomotive, $2,520
E ngineer , steam , $ 1 , 650 . .
Engineer, steam shovel,
$2 520.
Foreman, 81,920
Foreman, $2,700
Towcrman, $900
Transitman, $1,800
Wireman, blasting, $1,500..
Yardmaster, $2,280
Yardmaster, $2,520
Yardmaster, assistant, $1,200
$1,800.00
2
""2
125
2
125
6
165
1
3
54
1
3
172
12
Increased duties and responsi-
bilities due to abolishing 1
operator, switchboard, at
$1,500.
Extra man for sickness, vaca-
tions, and days off for Sunday
work.
By 1 foreman, general, trans-
ferred from locks, and desig-
nation changed.
Construction of new Colon
waterworks.
1 in Ueu of 2 carpenters at
$1,617.20; 1 on account of con-
struction of new Colon water-
works.
Construction of new Colon
waterworks.
Do.
1 in lieu of 1 conductor foreman
at $2,520; 1 to handle train
movements at Quebrancha
quarry, securing armor rock
for dam.
Letter attached.
Letter attached.
Letter attached.
Letter attached.
Letter attached.
Letter attached.
Letter attached.
Letter attached.
Explained Oct. 12, 1912; item
No. 27.
Letter attached.
Explained Oct. 12, 1912; No. 37.
Letter attached.
Explained Oct. 12, 1912; No. 60.
Explained Oct. 12, 1912; No. 60.
Letter attached.
Explamed Oct. 12, 1912; No. 64.
Letter attached.
Letter attached.
Isthmian Canal Commission,
Empire, Canal Zone, July 29, 1915.
[Subject: Explanation in increase in salaries and positions, Central Division, Annual Report, 1913.]
Col. Geo. "W. Goethals,
Chairman and Chief Engineer,
Culebra, Canal Zone.
Sir: In compliance with Instnictions contained in your circular letter of July 24, 1913, calling for com-
Earativc statements of the Central division organization as of July 1, 1910, and as stipulated in the 1913
00k of estimates, together with explanation of increases in pay and in niimher authorized, statement
requested is inclosed herewith, and lh(^ following explanations are submitted relative to increases in force
over the figures quoted in the 19i:t estimate book, a few of which were explained in letter from this office of
October 12, 1912, when slightly diflcrcnt conditions obtained on the work in this division.
Foreman conductor, yardmasterl^ , , ^^t^^^
Conductor, conductor ^LiouDie raimgs.
In the case of these iloulile rat ings there is no actual increase in force, as they are paid in accordance with
duties rendered; in most instances they are used to relievo men who are in the hospital or on vacation
INCREASES IN SALARIES AND PERSONNEL. 591
DEPARTMENT OF CONST RUCTION AND ENGINEERING— Continued.
Increases in pay
Increases in num-
bers.
Designation.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
Jul^ 1, 1910.
Increased
to—
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
In-
creased
to—
Explanation.
Office of Chief Engi-
neer—Continued.
MECHANICAL DIVISION.
Clerk, $900
3
4
1
11
1 transferred from Atlantic divi-
Clerk,SI ,350
sion to mechanical division
with drv-dock shops on May 1 ,
1913, arid approved in chair-
man's letter of Apr. 26, 1913.
1 authorized in chairman's letter
Clerk, $1,800
8
of Aug. 12, 1912, to handle
work from central division
transferred to mechanical divi-
sion with Empire shops and
wrecking outfit, July 1, 1912.
1 authorized for Mr. H. Rowe,
with transfer of Miraflores
power plant from fifth divi-
sion, May 1, 1913, and ap-
proved in chairman's letter of
Apr. 26, 1913.
2 transferred to mechanical divi-
sion with dry dock shops from
Atlantic division. May 1, 1913,
and approved In chairman's
letter of May 2, 1913.
according to the exigencies of the service, and in one case it was necessary to create the double rating for
a man employed on Cucaracha slide, working at night, when he was both a yardmaster and a conductor.
Steam-shovel cranemen.— The inauguration of the 12-hour shift in the canal, combined with the customary
amount of sickness amongst the crews, as well as vacations, is responsible for the increased number of
steam-shovel crews and transportation crews; primarily this increase was due to opening up of work on the
upper levels on both sides of the canal.
Assistant chief dispatcher, $150 {$1,800). — No increase in authorized force; one position as operator abol-
ished and position of assistant chief dispatcher at the same rate was created; change was necessary on
account of the duties performed by the incumbent.
Assistant engineer, $2,700. — No increase in regular authorized force; on account of the promotion of'one
assistant engineer at $3,300 to the position of superintendent of construction, the vacancy was filled at
$2,700 only, the higher rating being abolished from the organization. Recently the $2,700 position has
also been eliminated from the organization.
Locomotive engineers, $2,5S0.— Same explanation governs as was given in the case of steam-shovel
cranemen.
Steam-shovel engineers, $2,620. — Same explanation governs as was given in the case of steam-shovel
cranemen.
Foremen, general, $2,700.— Th.^ superintendent of construction of the Chagres district resigned from the
service; his position was abolished, and the work placed in charge of a general foreman at $2,700 per aimum.
Likewise the position of the assistant superintendent of construction was abolLshed from the authorized
force following his resignation from the service. This arrangement effected considerable economy in the
division. The increase in force lasted only a short time on accotmt of the abolition of one of these positions
following the resignation of one of the foremen, creating a position as foreman at a lower salary.
Blasting wiremen, $l,500.—1h\s increase was explained under date of October 12, 1912, as being due to
excessive sickness and the large number of men on leave of absence; those conditions do not obtain at this
time, although the authorized force figures remain the same. The estimated number of six has proven
arnple for the work, and it has not been exceeded for six months.
Yardmasters,$2.520.—T'h^s item shows an increase of four positions over the 1913 Estimate Book. Owing
to the exigencies of the service requiring the promotion of conductors to yardmasters, three positions as
yardmaster at $2,580 per annum were abolished to create three similar positions at $2,520 per annum, thus
eSectrag a slight economy. One position as yardmaster at $2,520 per annum was created on account of the
installation of the 12-hour shift in the canal, which called for the services of another yardmaster to be sta-
tioned on the south end on the dumps. This created an actual increase of one yardmaster.
Assistant yardmaster, $1,200. — There is no actual increase in force in this instance, as one position as
foreman at $1,200 per armum was abolished to create this position as assistant yardmaster at the same rate.
Change was made in rating on account of the urgent necessity which existed for a yardmaster's assistant
on the south end of the cut in coimection with the work of the 12-hour shift.
Authority contained in chairman's letter of April 29, 1913.
Conductors, $2,280. — The same explanation obtains as was given in the case of steam-shovel craneman.
Junior engineer, $2,100. — This increase of one was necessitated on account of the transfer of an experienced
assistant engineer to another branch of the work in the canal, the al)scnce of the division engineer, whose
duties consequently devolved upon the resident engineer, as acting head of the division, placing additional
work and responsibility upon the latter's subordinates, and also the large amount of miscellaneous engineer-
ing work required at that time. In lieu of this addition to the force one position as transitman at $1,800
per annum was abolished.
Authority contained in letter from the chairman and chief engineer, dated May 19, 1913.
By direction of the division engineer.
Very respectfully, A. S. ZtNN, Resident Engineer.
592 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING-Continued.
Designation.
Increase in pay.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
July 1,1910.
Increased
to—
Increase in num-
ber.
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
In-
creased
to—
Explanation.
Office of Chief Engi-
neer—Continued.
MECHANICAL DIVISION-
continued.
Clerk, $2,100.
Foreman, $1,740.
Foreman, 32,280.
Foreman, $2,400.
Foreman, $2,700...
Foreman, $3,000.
Foreman.
$3,300.00
$3,eoo.oo
Inspector, $1,800.
Superintendent, electrical. .
Superintendent, steam
shovel repairs, $3600.
Foreman, $1,800.
3,000.00
3,900.00
1; see letter of Mr. A. L. Robin-
son, dated Sept. 18, 1912, re-
questing increase to $175 for
Edd Quinn, property clerk,
on account of increased du-
ties, and approved by chair-
man in his letter of Sept. 20,
1912.
2 transferred with Cristobal car
shops from Pajmma R. R.
to mechanical division, May 1,
1913, and approved in chair-
man's letter of Apr. 24, 1913.
2; see last year's report.
1 transferred from Panama
R. R. to mechanical division
with the Cristobal car shops.
May 1, 1913, and approved in
chairman's letter of Apr. 24,
1913.
1 transferred to mechanical divi-
sion from fifth division, with
the transfer of Miraflores
power plant to mechanical di-
vision, May 1, 1913, and ap-
proved in chairman's letter of
May 2, 1913.
1 transferred with the Miraflores
power plant from fifth division
to mechanical division, on
May 1, 1913, and approved in
chairman's letter of May 2,
1913.
1; see report of last year.
Transfer of Mr. J. H. Moriarty
from central division to me-
chanical division, with Em-
pire shops, July 1, 1912.
Increase of J. J. Eason, in reor-
ganization of mechanical divi-
sion, as approved in chair-
man's letter of July 11 , 1912.
1; see report of last year.
1 ; see chairman's letter of Mar.
20, 1913, authorizing an in-
spector for the 4 tanks being
erected by the Petroleum Iron
Works.
See letter of chairman dated
Mar. 26, 1913, increasing this
position on account of transfer
of Miraflores jwwer plant to
mechanical division.
Transferred from central to me-
chanical division, on July 1,
1912, with the Empire shops.
1 transferred from Atlantic di-
vision to mechanical division,
with dry-dock shops, May 1,
1913, and approved by chair-
man in letter of May 2, 1913.
1 transferred from Panama R. R
with Cristobal car shops on
May 1, 1913, and approved in
chairman's letter oi Apr. 2,
1913.
INCREASES IN SALARIES AND PERSONNEL. 593
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING— Continued.
Designation.
Rate
aiithorized
in organi-
zation of
July 1,1910.
Office of Chief Engi-
neer— Continued.
MECHANICAL DIVISION— Con.
Foreman, $1,920
Foreman, $1,950.
Foreman, $2,100.
Increase in pay.
Increased
to—
Increase in num-
ber.
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
►
Apprentice, $248.80. . .
Apprentice, $497.60...
Apprentice, $622
Blacksmith, $1,094.72.
Blacksmith, $1,393.28.
Blacksmith, $1,617.20.
In-
creased
to—
Explanation.
i
18
1 transferred with 'dry-dock
shops from Atlantic division
to mechanical division May 1,
1913, and approved by chair-
man in letter of May 2, 1913.
4; see last year's statement.
2 transferred with dry-dock
shops from Atlantic division
to mechanical division, May
1, 1913, and approved by
chairman in letter of May 2,
1913.
3 transferred with dry-dock
shops from Atlantic division
to mechanical division May
1, 1913, and approved by
chairman in letter of May 2,
1913.
1 transferred from fifth division
with Miraflores power plant
to mechanical division May 1,
1913, and approved by chair-
man in letter of Apr. 26, 1913.
1 Balboa Wharf Agency from
Panama R. R. on Mar. 1, 1913,
and approved by chairman in
letterof Mar. 3, 1913.
1; see letter of chairman dated
Aug. 27, 1913, authorizing in-
crease in boiler shop of 1 fore-
man from $165 to $175 per
month, on account of in-
creased, duties and responsi-
bility.
1; see chairman's letter dated
Jan. 7, 1913, authorizing 1
foreman at $175 during leaveof
Robert Bailey to decrease
number of cases where hourly
men are appointed to take
monthly men's places.
Increases due to promotions, in
accordance with apprentice
scale.
2 transferred to mechanical di-
vision from Atlantic division
with transferor dry-dockshops
May 1, 1913, and covered by
approval of chairman in his
letter of May 2, 1913.
1 transferred to mechanical di-
vision from Panama R. R.
with transfer of Cristobal car
shops on May 1, 1913, and ap-
proved by chairman in his
letterof Apr. 24, 1913.
1 transferred from central di-
vision to mechanical divisiorr
July 1, 1912, with the Empire
shops.
2; see report of last year.
6 approved in chairman's letter
of Aug. 26, 1912, on accoimt of
increased work for other di-
visions and holding of reserve
men to loan to other divisions..
11834°— 13-
-38
594 KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING— Continued.
Designation.
Increase in pay.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
July 1, 1910.
Increased
to—
Increase in num-
ber.
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
In-
creased
to—
Explanation.
Office of Chief Engi-
neer— Continued .
mechanical division — eon.
Blacksmith, $1,617.20 (con-
tinued).
46
Blacksmith, $1 ,741 .60 .
Boilermaker, $796.16.
Boilermaker, $945.44. . .
Boilermaker, $1,094.72.
Boilermaker, $1,393.28.
Boilermaker, $1,617.20.
6 as requested in Mr. A. L. Rob-
inson's letter of Nov. 2, 1912,
account of large amount of
work being performed at that
time for other divisions, and
approved by chairman in his
letter of Nov. 6, 1912.
2 transferred from Atlantic di-
vision to mechanical division
with dry-dock shops on May
1, 1913, and approved in chair-
man's letter dated May 2,
1913.
2; see report of last year.
1 transferred from Atlantic di-
vision to mechanical division
with dry-dock shops on May
1, 1913, and approved in chair-
man's letter of May 2, 1913.
1 transferred from "central di-
vision with Empire shops,
July 1, 1912.
1; see report of last year relative
to Ed. Good
1 transferred from Atlantic divi-
sion to mechanical division
with the dry-dock shops on
May 1, 1913, and approved in
chairman's letter of May 2,
1913.
1 transferred from central divi-
sion to mechanical division
with Empiie shops on July
1, 1912.
1 transferred from Atlantic divi-
sion to mechanical division
with dry-dock shops on May 1,
1913, aiid approved in chair-
man's letter May 2, 1913.
7; see letter of A. L. Robinson,
dated Sept. 0, 1912, request ing
increase on account of great
amount of work in boiler shop,
and approved in chairman's
letter of same date.
1 transferred from Atlantic divi-
sion to mechanical division
with dry-dock shops, May 1,
1913, and approved in chair-
man's letter of May 2, 1913.
10 account of great amount of
work in boiler shop, requested
in A. L. Robinson's letter of
Sept. 6, 1913, and approved in
chairman's letter of same date.
5; see report of last year.
5 on account of largo amount of
work in boiler shop and fur-
nish mg reserve men to other
divisions, as requested in Mr.
Robmson's letter of Sept. 6,
1912, and approved in chair-
man's letter of same date.
3 transferred from Atlantic divi-
sion to mechanical division
with the dry-dock shops on
May 1, 1913, and approved in
chairman's letter dated May
2, 1913.
8; see report of last year.
INCREASES IN" SALARIES AND PERSONNEL.
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING— Continued.
595
Designation.
Office of Chief Engi-
neer— Continued.
mechanical division — con
Boilermaker, $2,100
Increase in pay.
Kate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
July 1, 1910.
Car inspector and repairer,
$1,800.
Car repairer, $1,617.20.
Carpenter, $1,393.28.
Carpenter, $1,617.20.
Checker, $1,200.
Checker, $1,500.
Increased
to—
Increase in num-
ber.
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
In-
creased
to-
Explanation.
Transferred to mechanical divi-
sion from central division with
Empire shops on July 1, 1913.
2 authorized in chairman's letter
of Dec. 14, 1912, on account of
handling car inspection in
Balboa yards for Panama
R. R.
3 transferred from Panama R. R.
to mechanical division on
May 1, 1913, with Cristobal car
shops, and approved in chair-
man's letter of Apr. 24, 1913.
3 transferred from Panama R.R.
with Cristobal car shops on
May 1, 1913, and approved in
chairman's letter of Apr. 24,
1913.
7; see report of last year.
2 transferred from Atlantic divi-
sion to mechanical division
with dry-dock shops on May 1,
1913, and approved by chair-
man in his letter of May 2,
1913.
2; see report of last year.
2 transferred with dry-dock
shops from Atlantic division to
mechanical division, May 1,
1913, and approved in chair-
man's letter of May 2, 1913.
1 authorized in chairman's letter
of Aug. 26, 1913, on account of
large amount of work being
done for otlier divisions.
1 transferred with Empire shops
from central division to me-
chanical division, July 1. 1912.
1 account of man to handle in-
jury clauns, as requested in
Mr. Robinson's letter of Apr.
10, 1913, and approved in
chairman's letter of Apr. 12,
1913.
1 transferred from central divi-
sion to mechanical division
July 1, 1913, with transfer of
Empire shops.
1 authorized in chairman's letter
of July 27, 1912, to take the
place of a clerk at Pedro Mi-
guel engine house at same rate
of pay.
1 requested in A. L. Robinson's
letter of Oct. 31, 1912, to take
place of clerk in general fore-
man's office at Gorgona on ac-
count of promotions from
there, handicapping work in
both offices, and approved in
chairman's letter of Nov. 2,
1912.
1 authorized to handle work in
Asst. Gen. Foreman Herman's
office at Empire, where car
work was taken from Panama
R. R. on May 1, 1913, and ap-
proved by chairman Apr. 24,
1913,
596 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING— Continued.
Designation.
Office of Chief Engi-
neer— Continued.
MECHANICAL DIVISION — Con.
Coach cabinetmaker,
$1,617.20.
Conductor, foreman, $2,520.
Coppersmith, $1,094.72.
Coppersmith, $1,617.20.
Crane operator, $1,200.. .
Engineer, steam, $1,500.
Engineer, steam, $1,650.
Engineer, steam, $1,800.
Engineer, steam, $2,400.
Engineer, qualified, $2,520.
Increase in pay.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
July 1, 1910.
Increased
to—
Increase in num-
ber.
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
In-
creased
to—
Explanation.
2 authorized in chairman's letter
of Aug. 26, 1913, on account of
extra carwork and night and
day shifts.
10 requested in A. L. Robinson's
letter of Oct. 14, 1912, on ac-
coimt of construction of sight-
seeing car,conversionof second-
class coach into parlor car, and
large amount of coach work to
be handled previous to tourist
season, approved by chair-
man in letter of Oct. 18, 1912.
1 transferred from central divi-
sion with wrecking outfit July
1. 1912.
1 to handle yard at Gorgona
shops, as set forth in acting
chairman's letter of Jan. 30,
1912, replacing qualified con-
ductor.
1 transferred from Atlantic divi-
sion with dry-dock shops May
1. 1913, and approved in chair-
man's letter of May 2, 1913.
1 transferred from Atlantic divi-
sion with dry-dock shops to
mechanical division on May 1,
1913, and approved by chair-
man in letter of May 2, 19i3.
3 changed from tinsmith, at
same rate, as approved in
chairman's letter dated Aug.
26, 1912.
2 requested in A. L. Robinson's
letter of Oct. 21, 1912, and ap-
proved by chairman in letter
of Oct. 23, 1912, on account of
large amount of work being
handled by the mechanical
division for other divisions.
7 transferred from Panama H. R.
Balboa agency on Mar. 1, 1913,
and approved in chairman's
letterofMar. 3, 1913.
2 transferred from Atlantic divi-
sion to mechanical division
with dry-dock shops on May 1,
1913, aiid approved by chair-
man in letter of May 2, 1913.
1 transferred from fifih division
on May 1, 1913, as approved in
chairman's letter of Apr. 26,
1913.
1 transferred from fifth division
with the Mirallores power
plant on May 1, 1913, and ap-
jiroved in chairman's letter of
Apr. 26, 1913.
1 transferred from central divi-
sion on July 1, 1912, with Em-
pire shops.
1 transferred from fifth division
to mechanical division on May
1, 1913, and appproved in
chairman's letter of Apr. 26,
1913.
1 account of transfer of wrecker
from central division to me-
chanical division, July 1, 1913.
INCREASES IN SALARIES AND PERSONNEL.
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING— Continued.
597
Designation.
Increase in pay.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
July 1,1910.
Increased
to—
Increase in num-
ber.
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
In-
creased
to—
Explanation.
Office of Chief Engi-
neer—Continued .
mechanical division — con.
Engineer, station, $2,400.
Fireman, $1,500.
Ironworker, $1,098.24.
Ironworker, $1,622.40.
Ironworker, special, 81,747.20
Lineman, $1,500.
Lineman, $1,800.
Machinist, $796.16.
Machinist, $945.44.
Machinist, $1,094.72.
Machinist, $1,393.28.
Transferred from the fifth divi-
sion with Mirafiores power
plant on May 1, 1913, and ap-
proved in chairman's letter of
Apr. 26, 1913.
1 transferred from fifth division
to mechanical division with
Mirafiores power plant on May
1, 1913, and approved by chair-
man in letter of Apr. 26, 1913.
3 transferred with the dry-dock
shops from the Atlantic divi-
sion to the mechanical division
on May 1, 1913, approved in
chairman's letter of May 2,
1913.
4 transferred with the dry-dock
shops from the Atlantic divi-
sion to the mechanical divi-
sion on May 1, 1913, approved
in chairman's letter of May 2,
1913.
1 transferred with the dry-dock
shops from the Atlantic divi-
sion to the mechanical divi-
sion on May 1, 1913, approved
on May 2, 1913, chairman's
letter of that date.
1 transferred to mechanical divi-
sion from central division with
Empire shops on July 1, 1912.
2 transferred to mechanical divi-
sionfrom the flfthdivision with
Mirafiores power plant on May
1, 1913, and approved in chair-
man's letter of Apr. 26, 1913.
4 requested in Mr. A. L. Robin-
son's letter, dated Oct. 25,
1912, on account of great
amount of work in shop from
other divisions, and approved
by chairman in his letter of
Oct. 28, 1912.
1 transferred from central divi-
sion with Empire shops on
July 1, 1912.
6 requested by Mr. A. L. Robin-
son in letter dated Oct. 25,
1912, on account of great
amount of work in shop from
other divisions, and approved
in chairman's letter of Oct. 28,
1912.
5 transferred with Empire shops
from central division to me-
chanical division, July 1, 1912.
1 transferred with the dry-dock
shops from the Atlantic divi-
sion to mechanical division on
May 1, 1913, and approved in
chairman's letter of May 2,
1913.
1 transferred with dry-dock
shops on May 1, 1913, from At-
lantic division to mechanical
division, and approved en
May 2, 1913. in chairman's let-
ter of that aate.
7 transferred to mechanical divi-
sion from central division with
Empire shops on July 1, 1912.
598 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING— Continued.
Designation.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
July 1, 1910.
OiTicE OF Chief Engi-
neer— Continued.
MECHANICAL DIVISION— COn.
Machinist, $1,617.20
Machinist, 81,741.60.
Machinist, $2,100.
Machinist, electrical, $1,650.
Machinistj electrical, ,?1,S00.
Molder, $1,393.78
Oxy-Acet., welder, $1,393.28
Operator, switchboard, as-
sistant, $1,500.
Operator, switchboard, as-
sistant, $1,800.
Increase in pay.
Increased
to—
Increase in num-
ber.
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
274
In-
creased
to—
Explanation.
21 transferred from Atlantic di-
vision to mechanical division
with dry-dock shops on May
1, 1913, and approved in chair-
man's letter of May 2, 1913.
15 requested in Mr. A. L. Robin-
son's letter of Sept. 26, 1912, on
account of men on vacation
leave, sick and injury leave,
and loaning men to other divi-
sions, and approved in chair-
man's letter of Sept. 28, 1912.
15 increases requested in Mr. A.
L. Robinson'sletterof Oct. 21,
1912, on account of great
amount of work in shop from
other divisions, and approved
in chairman's report of Oct.
23, 1912.
27 transferred to mechanical di-
vision from central division
with Empire shops, July 1,
1912.
1 transferred from Atlantic divi-
sion to mechanical division on
May 1, 1913, and approved in
chairman's letter of May 2,
1913.
These positions transferred from
central division to mechanical
division with Empire shops,
July 1,1912.
Transferred from fifth division
to mechanical division with
Miraflores power plant on May
1, 1913, and approved in chair-
man's letter of Apr. 26, 1913.
Transferred from fifth division
to mechanical division with
Miraflores power plant on May
1, 1913, approved in chair-
man's letter of Apr. 26, 1913.
Requested in Mr. A. L. Robin-
son's letter of July 27, 1912,
and approved in chairman's
letter of Aug. 26, 1912.
Requested in Mr. A. L. Robin-
son's letter of Feb. 18, 1913, to
make place for a man who was
employed in United States
on Feb. 3, to handle this kind
of work, and approved in
chairman's letter dated Feb.
20, 1913.
Transferred with Miraflores
power plant from fifth divi-
sion to mechanical division,
May 1, 1913, and approved in
chairman's letter of^ Apr. 26,
1913.
Transferred with Miraflores
power plant from fifth divi-
sion to mechanical division,
May 1, 1913, and approved in
chairman's letter ol^ Apr. 26,
1913.
INCREASES IN SALARIES AND PERSONNEL.
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING— Continued.
599
Designation.
Increase in pay.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
July 1, 1910.
Increased
to—
Increase in num-
ber.
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
In-
creased
to—
Explanation.
Office of Chief Engi-
ne ER— Continued .
MECHANICAL DFVISION — COn.
Operator, switchboard,
chief, $2,100.
Operator, substation, $1 ,650
Operator, electric pump,
$1,620.
Painter, SI, 61 7.20.
PipefitteJ, S1,393.2.S.
Pipe fitter, $1,617.20.
Pipe fitter, $1,741.60.
Pipefitter, $2,100
Recorder, station, $1,650.
Transferred with Miraflores
power plant from the fifth di-
vision to mechanical division,
May 1, 1913, and approved in
chairman's letter of Apr. 26,
1913.
Transferred with Miraflores
power plant from fifth divi-
sion to mechanical division on
May 1, 1913, and approved in
chairman's letter of Apr. 26,
1913.
Transferred with Miraflores
power plant from fifth divi-
sion to mechanical division on
May 1, 1913, and approved in
chairman's letter of Apr. 26,
1913.
2 requested in Mr. A. L. Robin-
son's letter of Oct. 14, 1912, on
account of constructing sight-
seeing car, converting second-
class coach into observation
car, and owing to great
amount of coach work to be
done before tourist season, and
approved by chairman in let-
ter of Oct. 18, 1912. Balance,
see last report.
Requested in Mr. A. L. Robin-
son's letter of July 27, 1912,
and approved in chairman's
letter of Aug. 26, 1912.
1 transferred with dry-docks
shops from Atlantic division
to mechanical division on May
1, 1913, and approved in chair-
man's letter of May 2, 1913.
6 requested in Mr. A. L. Robin-
son's letter of July 27, 1912,
and approved in chairman's
letter of Aug. 26, 1912.
1 rerating of man previously car-
ried as steam fitter, as ap-'
proved in chairman's letter of
Nov. 19, 1912.
2 requested in Mr. A. L. Robin-
son's letter of Nov. 13, 1912, on
account of great amount of
work on hand from other divi-
sions, and approved by chair-
man in letter of Nov. 15, 1912.
1 transferred from Atlantic divi-
sion with dry-dock shops on
May 1, 1913, "and approved in
chairman's letter of May 2,
1913.
1 transferred with Empire shops
from central division, July 1,
1912.
See last report covering 1 trans-
ferred from central division
with Empire shops, on July 1,
1912.
Transferred with Miraflores
power plant, from fifth divi-
sion to mecnanical division,
on May 1, 1913, and approved
in chairman's letter of May 2,
ftia.
600 REPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION".
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING— Continued.
Designation.
Increase in pay.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
July 1, 1910.
Increased
to—
Increase in num-
ber.
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Boole
of Esti
mates.
In-
creased
to—
Explanation.
Office of Chief Engi-
neer—Continued.
MECH.\NICAL DIVISION— COn.
Shipwright, S796.1G
Ship fitter, $1,617.20.
Ship joiner, $1,617.20.
Wireman, $1,617.20.
Wireman, $1,650.
Wireman, $1,800.
Wireman, $1,950.
Transferred with dry-dock shops
from Atlantic to mechaniral
division^ May 1, 1913, and ap-
proved m chairmaus letter of
May 2, 1913.
TransfeiTed with dry-dock shops
from Atlantic division to me-
chanical division, May 1, 1913,
and approved in chairman's
letter of May 2, 1913.
Transferred with dry-dock shops
from Atlantic division to me-
chanical division. May 1, 1913,
and approved in chairman's
letterof May 2, 1913.
1 transferred" with dry-dock
shops from Atlantic division
to mechanical division, May 1,
1913, and approved in chair-
man's letter of May 2, 1913.
5 transferred to mechanical divi-
sion to handle installation of
lights and wiring in New
Washington Hotel, and ap-
proved in chairman's letter of
Jan. 8, 1913.
1 requested In Mr. A. L. Robin-
son's letter of Nov. 14, 1912,
to make vacancy for Mr. L. S.
Kirby, transferred to me-
chanical division from At-
Uintic division, approved in
chairman's letter of Nov. 16,
1912.
1 transferred with Miraflores
power plant from the fifth
division to mechanical divi-
sion, May 1, 1913, and ap-
proved in chairman's letter of
May 2, 1913.
Transferred with Miraflores
power plant from fifth divi-
sion to mechanical division.
May 1, 1913, and approved by
chairman in letter of May 2,
1913.
Transferred with M iraflores
power plant from fifth divi-
sion to mechanical division,
May 1, 1913, and approved by
chairman in letter of May 2,
1913.
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION.
Division of revenues:
Deputy collector. .
$1,800.00
$2, 100. 00
Effective Dec. 26, 1912, salary of
deputy collector in charge of
Empire-Gorgona administra-
tive district, after consolida-
tion under Executive order of
I'resident of Sept. 21, 1912,
effective Sept. 22, 1912, in-
creased from $1,800 to $2,100;
1 deputy collector at $1,800
((iorgona) being aboUshed
Sept. 22, 1912.
INCREASES IN SALARIES AND PERSONNEL.
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION— Continued.
601
Designation.
Increase in pay.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
July 1,1910.
Increased
to—
Increase in num-
ber.
Number
autlior-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
In-
creased
to—
Explanation.
Division of posts:
Postmaster, S2,000.
Postal clerk, !J1,200.
Clerk, $900.
Division of police:
Sergeant, $1,710.
First-class poUceman,
1S,290.
Clerk, $1,500..
Treasurer's office):
Clerk, $900....
(Canal Zone government,
paid from Zone funds, di-
vision of schools):
Teacher, high school,
$1,125.
Effective July 1, 1912, pay of
postmaster (Gorgona) in-
creased from 81,900 to $2,000,
account Increased postal re-
ceipts.
See 1912 annual report. After
the temporary appointment
covered in that report expired
there were 4 others of 1, 3, 15,
and 6 days, respectively, ac-
count resignation of clerks
with leave due, but no 2 tem-
porary increases overlapped.
For explanation of 2, see 1912
annual report. The 2 others
were temporary appoint-
ments; 1, from Feb. 10, 1913,
to Mar. 20, 1913, account ap-
pointment to vacancy, while
former employee was still
drawing pay; the other, from
Feb. 20, 1913, to May 15, 1913,
account appointment to posi-
tion of clerk, resigning with 84
days' leave.
Temporary increase of 1 for 60
days from Mar. 1, 1913, ac-
count resignation of deputy
warden with 60 days leave.
Increase of 5 effective Aug. 31,
1912. In reorganization ac-
count reduction in appropria-
tion these 5 added, and 1 lieu-
tenant, $1,920, 5 corporals,
$1,470, and 26 policemen, at
$480, abolished.
Temporary", increase of 1 for 6
weeks from Sept. 27, 1912, ac-
count appointment of clerk to
succeed 1 resigning with 42
days' leave due.
One appointed, effective Oct. 3,
1912, in reorganization ac-
count reduction in appropria-
tion when 1 clerk at $600 was
abolished, and later, on Dec.
26, 1912, clerk at $2,100 abol-
ished.
The 2 others were temporary
appointments: One from Feb.
4, 1913, to Apr. 28, 1913, ac-
count appointment of clerk to
succeed 1 who resigned with
84 days' leave due; the other,
from Mar. 12, 1913, to Apr. 21,
1913, account shortage in force
pending appointment of as-
sistant treasurer.
Effective Oct. 3, 1912, to increase
pay of teacher acting as prin-
cipal of consolidated high and
grammar school at Gatun.
602
EEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ADMINISTRATION— Continued.
Increase in pay.
Increase in num-
ber.
Designation.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
Julyl, 1910.
Increased
to—
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
In-
creased
to—
Explanation.
(Canal Zone government,
paid from Zone funds, di-
vision of schools)— Con td.
Teacher, high school,
$990.
Teacher, $810
1
30
3
33
1
Actual increase of only 1, effec-
tive Dec. 13, 1912, to provide
increase in pay of teacher at
$810 who taught at Ancon
main and Empire branch high
schools, account increased du-
ties and travel time.
For other increase, see 1912 an-
nual report, where it was
shown by error under princi-
pals, grammar school, at $990.
For 2 of these increases see 1912
Teacher (Spanish) $270..
annual report.
1 appointed, effective Sept. 28,
1912, account establishment of
school for white children at
Toro Point.
Approved Aug. 13, 1912, at $30
per month (9 months, school
term) to provide instruction in
Spanish at the high schools
which under the contem-
plated organization of force
and plan of instruction would
not have been furnished the
pupils during the year.
DEPARTMENT OF SANITATION.
CHIEF SANITAKY OFFICE.
Chaplain, $480
HOSPITAL FARM, COROZAL.
Superintendent, $2,400.
Clerk, $1,500
ANCON HOSPITAL.
Nurse, male, $1,260
PALO SECO LEPER ASYLUM.
Matron $900
There were employed up to July
1, 1913, 3 chaplains, at $480.
Authority in Book of Esti-
mates for 1913 cut this down to
1. On account of vacation time
due, it was necessary to au-
thorize 2 additional chaplains
at $480 for a period of 2 months.
They are not now employed.
On account of establishing a
farm at Corozal, an adjunct to
Ancon Hospital, where in-
jured employees are to be
cared for, it was necessary to
increase the organization by
authorizing a superintendent
at $2,400 and a clerk at $1,500
for this farm. The clerk is not
now employed and will not be
needed until there is a consid-
erable number of patients at
the farm.
On account of the substitution
of male for female nurses in the
venereal wards at Ancon Hos-
pital, the authorization for fe-
male nurses was reduced by 2,
and 2 additional male nurses
allowed.
On account of the increase in
number of patients at this in-
stitution, particularly female
patients, a matron was au-
thoilzed at $75 per month
INCREASES IN SALARIES AND PERSONNEL.
QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT.
603
Bttsignation.
OflBcers and employees:
District quartermaster.
Assistant district quar-
termaster.
Assistant district quar-
termaster, $1,500.
Inspector, $3,000
Inspector, $1,800.
Clerk, $1,800
Clerk, $1,650
Foreman
Foreman, $2,400.
Foreman, $1,980.
Foreman, $1,200.
Watchman, $900.
Skilled and unskilled labor:
Plumber, $1,872
Increase in pay.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
July 1,1910.
$2,100.00
1,500.00
2, 100. 00
Increased
to-
$2,400.00
1,650.00
2,400.00
Increase in num-
ber.
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
In-
creased
to—
Explanation.
Increased work in Corozal dis-
trict.
Increased work in Pedro Miguel
district.
Increased work in Corozal dis-
trict.
In lieu of constructing quarter-
master, at $4,000.
One in lieu of clerk, $175, salary
reduced and rating changed to
conform with present duties;
one for building operations in
connection with moving town
of Gorgona; and one for inspect-
ing scrap being collected by
contractor.
/Increase in lieu of 8 clerks, at
\ $1,500.
Increased work in printing plant
In lieu of inspector, at $2,400.
Increase of work, account mov-
ing town of Gorgona (tempo-
rary).
In lieu of foremen, at $1,350.
Account changes in Balboa
storehouse, material more scat-
tered.
Account increased work, mov-
ing town of Gorgona (tem-
porary).
DEPARTMENT OF DISBURSEMENTS.
Chief clerk, $3,000.
Clerk.
$2, 100. 00
$2,400.00
On May 1, 1913, due to reorgani-
zation of the office, a chief
clerk, at $3,000, was appointed
in place of accountant, at
$2,400, due to increased duties
and responsibilities.
On May 1, 1913, the work of the
office was reorganized, and 5
pay clerks, at $2,100, were pro-
moted to $2,400, account of
increased duties and heavy
responsibility.
DEPARTMENT OF LAW.
Inspector, $1,800.
Inspector, $1,800.
Clerk, $1,500.
$1,500 in 1913 Book of Estimates;
increased to $1,800 on account
of heavy increase in work and
duties due to the settlement of
claims before joint land com-
mission and clearing Canal
Zone of all settlers.
This second inspector was neces-
sary for reasons above, and
while charged to department
of law is paid out of the funds
for construction and engineer-
ing.
By reason of the increased work
in the department, due to
joint land commission, a clerk
($1,500) was temporarily taken
on May 6, 1913.
604
EEPOBT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
WASHINGTON OFFICE.
Increase in pay.
Increase in num-
ber.
Designation.
Rate
authorized
in organi-
zation of
Julyl, 1910.
Increased
to-
Number
author-
ized in
1913 Book
of Esti-
mates.
In-
creased
to—
Explanation.
Temporary clerks for all of-
fices.
$2,000
ss, 533. 85
Excess of $1,533.85, due to in-
creased work throughout the
whole office.
The above is in addition to the increases shown in the report for the fiscal year 1912.
Appendix U.
ACTS OF CONGRESS AFFECTING THE ISTHMIAN CANAL AND
EXECUTIVE ORDERS RELATING TO THE CANAL ZONE.
INDEX.
Acts of Congress: Page.
Making appropriations for the Diplomatic and Consular Service for the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1914, approved February 28, 1913 607
Making appropriations for the Naval Service for the fiscal year ending June
30, 1914, and for other purposes, approved March 4, 1913 607
Making appropriations to supply deficiencies in appropriations for the fiscal
year 1913 and for prior years, and for other piurposes, approved March 4,
1913 607
Making appropriations for certain expenses incident to the first session of
the Sixty-third Congress, and for other purposes, approved May 1, 1913. 608
Providing certain legislation for the Panama California Exposition to be
held in San Diego, Cal., during the year 1915, approved May 22, 1913. . . 608
Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1914, and for other purposes, approved June
23, 1913 609
Executive orders:
Consolidating the administrative district of Gorgona with that of Empire,
and for other purposes, September 12, 1912 614
Declaring all lands in the Canal Zone necessary for canal purposes, Decem-
ber 5, 1912 614
Proclamation of the President fixing Panama Canal toll rates, November
13, 1912 615
Amending the Executive order of July 21, 1911, providing for the inspection
of steam vessels, January 13, 1913 615
Excepting the area of land known as "Las Sabanas" from the order of De-
cember 5, 1912, February 18, 1913 616
Authorizing the transfer of artisans, citizens of the United States, from Isth-
mian service to classified service under executive departments and inde-
pendent Government establishments without examination, February 18,
1913 616
Providing for the protection of birds and their nests in the Canal Zone,
March 19, 1913 616
Providing an inexpensive method for the administration of estates of de-
ceased and insane persons in certain cases, and to repeal act 24 of the
Canal Zone laws, and the Executive orders amendatory thereto, as amend-
ed by the Executive order of March 20, 1913; February 5, 1912 617
Prescribing conditions under which foreign corporations may do business
in the Canal Zone, March 20, 1913 619
Providing injury compensation method for the Canal Zone, February 26,
1913 620
Suspending operation of order providing injury compensation method for
the Canal Zone, March 24, 1913 625
Providing maritime quarantine regulations for the Canal Zone, and the har-
bors of the cities of Panama and Colon, Republic of Panama, April 15,
1913 625
Providing for trial by jury in the Canal Zone, as amended by Executive
orders of March 31, 1908, and June 30, 1913, February 6, 1908 631
605
Appendix U.
ACTS OF CONGRESS AFFECTING THE ISTHMIAN CANAL AND
EXECUTIVE ORDEES RELATING TO THE CANAL ZONE.
Panama Canal Act, approved August 24, 1912, and Sundry Civil
Appropriations Act for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913, published
in Annual Report of the Isthmian Canal Commission for the fiscal
year 1912.
AN ACT Making appropriations for the Diplomatic and Consular Service for the fiscal year ending June
thirtieth, nineteen himdred and fourteen.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America
in Congress assembled, That the following sums be, and they are hereby, severally
appropriated, in full compensation for the Diplomatic and Consular Service for the
fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and fourteen, out of any money
in the Treasury not othervsdse appropriated, for the objects hereinafter expressed,
namely:
RELIEF AND PROTECTION OF AMERICAN SEAMEN.
Rehef and protection of American seamen in foreign countries, and shipwrecked
American seamen in the Territory of Alaska, in the Hawaiian Islands, Porto Rico,
the Panama Canal Zone, and the Phihppine Islands, |20,000.
*******
Approved, February 28, 1913.
AN ACT Making appropriations for the naval service for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen
hundred and fourteen, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America
in Congress assembled, That the following sums be, and they are hereby, appropriated,
to be paid out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the naval
service of the Government for the year endfing June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and
fourteen, and for other purposes:
PUBLIC WORKS, BUREAU OF YARDS AND DOCKS.
*******
Marine barracks, Isthmus of Panama: Erection of barracks, quarters, and other
buildings for accommodation of marines, $400,000.
*******
Approved, March 4, 1913.
AN ACT Making appropriations to supply deficiencies in appropriations for the fiscal year nineteen
hundred and thirteen and for prior years, and lor other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America
in Congress assembled, That the following sums are appropriated, out of any money in
the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to supply deficiencies in appropriations for
the fiscal year nineteen hundred and thirteen, and for prior years, and for other
purposes, namely:
* * * 4i 4! * *
607
608 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE.
* iif ^ * * ^ iif
Payment to Panama under treaty of November eighteenth, nineteen
HUNDRED AND THREE: To enable the Secretary of State to pay to the Government
of Panama the first annual payment due on February twenty-sixth, nineteen hundred
and thirteen, from the Government of the United States to the Government of Panama
under the treaty of November eighteenth, nineteen hundred and three, $250,000.
Approved, March 4, 1913.
AN ACT Making appropriations for certain expenses incident to the first session of the Sixty-third Congress,
and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America
in Congress assembled, That the following sums are appropriated, out of any money in
the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, namely:
THE PANAMA CANAL.
Sec. 2. That during the fiscal year nineteen hundred and fourteen, all moneys re-
ceived by the Isthmian Canal Commission, or the governor of the Panama Canal,
from any services rendered or materials and supplies furnished employees, the Panama
Railroad Company, the Canal Zone government, the Panama Government, and other
departments of the United States Government, from hotel and hospital supplies and
services; from rentals, wharfage, and so forth; from labor, materials, and supplies
and other services furnished vessels and to those unable to obtain similar labor, mate-
rials, supplies, and services elsewhere, shall be credited to the appropriation from
which payments for the materials, supplies, labor, or other services were originally
made; except that moneys received from the sale of material and equipment pur-
chased and used for construction purposes, and as a reimbursement for the expendi-
tures incurred in constructing waterworks, sewers, and pavements in the cities of
Panama and Colon, including interest on such expenditures, excluding payments on
account of the expenses for maintenance of such waterworks, sewers, and pavements
incurred under agreement with the Panama Government, and otherwise herein dis-
posed of, shall be covered into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts; and except
that after the canal is opened for use and operation the net profits accruing from the
operations herein authorized shall annually be covered into the Treasury of the
United States, as provided for the profits accruing from the business authorized in
section six of the Panama Canal Act.
That until the close of the fiscal year nineteen hundred and fourteen, when any
material, supplies, and equipment heretofore or hereafter purchased or acquired for
the construction of the Panama Canal is no longer needed, or is no longer serviceable,
it may be sold in such manner as the President may direct, and without advertising
in such classes of cases as may be authorized by him.
*******
Approved, May 1, 1913.
AN ACT Providing certain legislation for the Panama California Exposition to be held in San Diego,
California, during the year nineteen hundred and fifteen.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America
in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, author-
ized and directed to require the Panama California Exposition Company, of San
Diego, California, to deposit with a depository, to be named by the Secretary of the
Treasury, such sum or sums of money as in the discretion of the Secretary shall be
necessary to cover awards, medals, certificates, prizes, and premiums, and all other
obligations incurred by said corporation with exhibitors at the Panama California
Exprsition, which money shall be held by said depository as a pledge to the United
States Government for a faithful fulfillment of the above obligations; or the Secretary
of the Treasury may, in lieu of such cash pledge, accept a good and suflacient bond
from said exposition company, to be approved by him and conditioned for the faithful
performance of every liability or obligation incurred by said exposition company in
respect to exhibitors at said exposition, to be held in San Diego, California, during
the year nineteen hundred and fifteen.
ACTS OF CONGRESS. 609
Sec. 2. That all articles that shall be imported from foreign countries for the sole
purpose of exhibition at the Panama California Exposition upon which there shall be
a tariff or customs duty shall be admitted free of the payment of duty, customs fees,
or charges, under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe;
but it shall be lawful at any time during the exposition to sell, for delivery at the close
thereof, any goods or property imported for and actually on exhibition in the exposi-
tion buildings or on the grounds, subject to such regulations for the security of the rev-
enue and for the collection of import duties as the Secretary of the Treasiiry may
prescribe: Provided, That all such articles when sold or withdrawn for consumption
or use in the United States shall be subject to the duty, if any, imposed upon such
articles by the revenue laws in force at the date of withdrawal; and on such articles
which shall have suffered diminution or deterioration from incidental handUng and
necessary exposure, the duty, if paid, shall be assessed according to the appraised
value at the time of withdrawal for consimiption or use, and the penalties prescribed
by law shall be enforced against any person guilty of any illegal sale, use, or withdrawal.
Approved, May 22, 1913.
AN ACT Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and fourteen, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America
in Congress assembled, That the following sums be, and the same are hereby, appro-
priated, for the objects hereinafter expressed, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth,
nineteen hundred and fourteen, namely:
THE PANAMA CANAL.
To continue the construction of the Panama Canal, to be expended under the
direction of the President, in accordance with an Act entitled "An Act to provide
for the construction of a canal connecting the waters of the Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans," approved June twenty-eighth, nineteen hundred and two, and Acts amenda-
tory thereof or supplementary thereto:
First. For salaries of officers and employees of the Isthmian Canal Commission,
including assistant purchasing and shipping agents, and all other employees in the
United States, $153,393;
Second. For incidental expenses, including rents, cable and telegraph service,
supplies, stationery and printing, and actual necessary traveling expenses in the
United States (including rent of the Panama Canal building in the District of Colum-
bia, 17,500, textbooks and books of reference, $1,000, and additional compensation
to the Auditor for the War Department for extra services in auditing accounts of the
Panama Canal, $1,000), $63,000;
Third. For pay of members of the commission and officers and employees on the
Isthmus, other than skilled and unskilled labor, including civil engineers, super-
intendents, instrumentmen, transitmen, levelmen, rodmen, draftsmen, timekeepers,
mechanical and electrical engineers, quartermasters, clerks, accountants, stenogra-
phers, storekeepers, messengers, office boys, foremen and subforemen, wagon masters,
watchmen, and stewards, including those temporarily detailed for duty away from
the Isthmus, in the departments of construction and engineering, quartermaster's,
subsistence, disbursements and examination of accounts, and for those employed in
connection with the preservation of plans, drawings, and other records, $2,725,000:
Provided, That not more than $5,000 of this appropriation shall be paid as compensation
to the secretary of the commission;
Fourth. For skilled and unskilled labor on the Isthmus, including engineers,
conductors, firemen, brakemen, electricians, teamsters, cranesmen, machinists,
blacksmiths, and other artisans, and their helpers; janitors, sailors, cooks, waiters,
and dairymen, for the departments of construction and engineering, quartermaster's,
subsistence, disbursements and examination of accounts, $6,125,000;
Fifth. For the purchase and delivery of material, supplies, and equipment, includ-
ing cost of inspecting material and of paying traveling expenses incident thereto,
whether on the Isthmus or elsewhere, and such other expenses not in the United States
as the commission deems necessary to best promote the construction of the Panama
Canal, including the construction in the United States in Government or private
yards, in accordance with plans and specifications to be prepared by the Navy
Department, and to have a cai^o capacity of twelve thousand tons of coal and a speed
11834°— 13 ^39
610 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
of at least fourteen knots per hour, two colliers to cost not exceeding 11,000,000 each,
and including the payment of damages caused to the owners of private lands, or
private property of any kind , by reason of the grants contained in the treaty between
the United States and the Republic of Panama proclaimed February twenty-sixth,
nineteen hundred and four, or by reason of the operations of the United States, its
agents or employees, or by reason of the constniction, maintenance, operation, sanita-
tion, and protection of the said canal or of the works of sanitation and protection therein
provided for, whether compromised by agreement between the claimant and the
chairman of the commission or allowed by a joint commission, and the payment for
land and land under water as authorized in section three of the Panama Canal Act,
for the departments of construction and engineering, quartermaster's, subsistence,
disbursements and examination of accounts, $5,000,000;
Sixth. For miscellaneous expenditures, cable and telegraph service, stationery
and printing, local railway transportation, special trains, including pay-train service;
transportation t)f currency to the Isthmus, recruiting and transporting laborers,
transporting employees from the United States, repatriating laborers and employees,
actual necessary traveling expenses while on the Isthmus on official business; expenses
incident to conducting hearings and examining estimates for appropriations on the
Isthmus, and all other incidental and contingent expenses not otherwise provided
for, for the departments of construction and engineering, quartermaster's, subsistence,
disbursements and examination of accounts, $725,000;
Seventh. For pay of the member of the commission in charge of the department of
civil administration, of officers and employees, other than skilled and unskilled
labor, including foremen, subforemen, watchmen, messengers, and storekeepers,
of the departments of civil administration and law, including those necessarily and
temporarily detailed for duty away from the Isthmus, together with the necessary
portion of such sums as shall be paid as water rentals or directly by the Government
of Panama for the maintenance of waterworks, sewers, and pavements in the cities
of Panama and Colon, $500,000;
Eighth. For skilled and unskilled labor for the department of civil administration,
the necessary portion of such sums as shall be paid as water rentals or directly by the
Government of Panama for the maintenance of waterworks, sewers, and pavements
in the cities of Panama and Colon.
Ninth. For material, supplies, equipment, construction and repairs of buildings,
and contingent expenses of the departments of civil administration and law, including
not exceeding $500 for law books, together with the necessary portion of such sums as
shall be paid as water rentals or directly by the Government of Panama for the main-
tenance of waterworks, sewers, and pavements in the cities of Panama and Colon,
174,000.
Tenth. For pay of the member of the commission in charge, of officers and employees
other than skilled and unskilled labor, including hospital dispensers, internes, nurses,
attendants, messengers, office boys, foremen and subforemen, watchmen, and stew-
ards, of the department of sanitation on the Isthmus, including those temporarily
detailed for duty away from the Isthmus, $450,000;
Eleventh. For skilled and unskilled labor of every grade and kind, for the depart-
ment of sanitation on the Isthmus, $150,000;
Twelfth. For materials, supplies, equipment, construction and repairs of buildings,
medical aid and support of the insane, and of indigent persons permanently disabled,
while in the line of duty and in the employ of the Isthmian Canal Commission, from
earning a livelihood, and contingent expenses of the department of sanitation on the
Isthmus, including not exceeding $100,000 for the construction of a quarantine sta-
tion, $300,000;
The foregoing sums, so far as necessary, shall be available for the operation of the
canal, for the permanent organization authorized to be established under the Panama
Canal Act, for dry docks, repair shops, yards, docks, wharves, warehouses, store-
houses, and other necessary facilities and appmtenances for the purpose of providing
coal and other materials, labor, repairs and supplies, for office buildings, quarters,
and other necessary buildings, for the payment of claims arising out of injuries or deaths
of employees, and for the consolidation and preservation of the files of papers and other
records which have accumulated or may accumulate during the construction of the
canal and needed or useful or having a permanent value or historical interest;
In all, $16,265,393, the same to be immediately available and to continue available
until expended: Provided, That all expenditures from the appropriations heretofore,
herein, and hereafter made for the construction of the Panama Canal, including any
portion of such appropriations which may be used for the construction of dry docks,
repair shops, yarcls, aocks, wharves, warehouses, storehouses, and other necessary
facilities and appurtenances for the purpose of providing coal and other materials,
ACTS OF CONGRESS. 611
labor, repairs, and supplies, for the construction of office buildings and quarters, and
other necessary buildings, exclusive of fortifications, and exclusive of the amount
used for operating the canal and for the permanent organization after the canal is
opened for use and operation, shall be paid from or reimbursed to the Treasury of the
United States out of the proceeds of the sale of bonds authorized in section eight of the
said Act approved June twenty-eighth, nineteen hundred and two, and section
thirty-nine of the tariff Act approved August fifth, nineteen hundred and nine.
Except in cases of emergency, or conditions arising subsequent to and unforeseen
at the time of the passage of this Act, and except for those employed in connection
with the construction of permanent quarters, offices and other necessary buildings,
dry docks, repair shops, yards, docks, wharves, warehouses, storehouses, and other
necessary facilities and appurtenances, for the purpose of providing coal and other
materials, labor, repairs and supplies, and except for the permanent operating organi-
zation under which the compensation of the various positions is limited by section
four of the Panama Canal Act, there shall not be employed at any time during the
fiscal year nineteen hundred and fourteen under any of the foregoing appropriations
for the Panama Canal, any greater number of persons than are specified in the notes
submitted respectively in connection with the estimates for each of said appropria-
tions in the annual Book of Estimates for said year, nor shall there be paid to any of
such persons during that fiscal year any greater rate of compensation than was author-
ized to be paid to persons occupying the same or like positions on the first day of July,
nineteen hundred and twelve; and all employments made or compensation increased
because of emergencies or conditions so arising shall be specifically set forth, with the
reasons therefor, by the chairman of the commission in his report for the fiscal year
nineteen hundred and fourteen.
In cases of emergencies arising subsequent to and unforeseen at the time of submit-
ting the annual estimates to Congress, ten per centum of the foregoing amounts shall
be available interchangeably for expenditure on objects named; but not more than
ten per centum shall be added to any one item of the appropriation.
No part of the foregoing appropriations for the Panama Canal shall be applied to
the payment of allowances for longevity service, or lay-over days other than such as
may have accumulated under existing orders of the commission, prior to July first,
nineteen hundred and nine.
FORTIFICATIONS, PANAMA CANAL.
For the following for fortifications and armament thereof for the Panama Canal, to
be immediately available and to continue available until expended, namely:
Surveys: For detailed surveys of the areas on the Canal Zone required for military
purposes, including the cost of marking permanently the boundaries of such areas,
$12,000;
Purchase of land : For the purchase of land on the Canal Zone required for military
purposes, $50,000;
Seacoast batteries: For the construction of seacoast batteries on the Canal Zone,
$2,365,000;
Electric light and power plants: For the purchase and installation of electric light
and power plants for the seacoast fortifications on the Canal Zone, $173,000;
Searchlights: For the purchase and installation of searchlights for the seacoast
fortifications on the Canal Zone, $285,000;
Sanitary clearing: For sanitary clearing, filling, and drainage in vicinity of camps,
posts, and defensive works on the Canal Zone, as follows:
Margarita Island: For filling swamp in rear defensive works, $180,000;
For clearing and improving permanent post site and drill ground at Mirafiores,
$30,000;
Armament of fortifications: For the purchase, manufacture, and test of seacoast
cannon for coast defense, including their carriages, sights, implements, equipments,
and the machinery necessary for their manufactiu-e at the arsenals, to cost ultimately
not to_ exceed $2,506,000, $1,000,000: Provided, That the Chief of Ordnance is
authorized to transfer to and use in the fortifications of the Panama Canal one sixteen-
inch gun and carriage, procured, or to be procured, out of appropriations heretofore
made under armament of fortifications for continental United States;
For the purchase, manufacture, and test of ammunition for seacoast cannon, includ-
ing the necessary experiments in connection therewith, and the machinery necessary
for its manufacture at the arsenals, $575,000;
Fire control: For the construction of fire-control stations and the purchase and
installation of accessories therefor, $200,000;
612 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
In all, specifically for fortifications and annament thereof for the Panama Canal,
$4,870,000.
The Secretary of War is authorized and directed to cause to be prepared and sub.nit
to Congress on or before December fifteenth, nineteen hundred and thirteen, complete
plans for, and detailed estimates of, barracks and quarters for the mobile army and
seacoast artillery on the Canal Zone and in the Hawaiian Islands.
Sec. 2. That all funds collected by the government of the Canal Zone from rentals
of public lands and buildings in the Canal Zone and the cities of Panama and Colon,
and from the zone postal service, and from court fees and fines, and collected or raised
by taxation in whatever form under the laws of the government of the Canal Zone,
are hereby appropriated until and including June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and
foiuteen, as follows: The revenues derived from the postal ser\dce to the maintenance
of that service; the remaining revenues, including any balances unexpended in prior
years, after setting aside a miscellaneous and contingent fund of not exceeding ten
thousand dollars, to the maintenance of the public-school system in the zone; to the
construction and maintenance of public improvements within the zone; to the main-
tenance of the administrative districts; and for the expenses of the subdivisions of the
Canal Zone after they are established under section seven of the Panama Canal Act ;
to the maintenance of Canal Zone charity patients in the hospitals of the Isthmian
Canal Commission, and to the maintenance of administrative district prisoners. A
detailed and classified statement of all receipts and expenditures without the dupli-
cation of items under this paragraph shall be submitted to Congress after the close of
the fiscal year nineteen hundred and fourteen.
Sec. 3. That hereafter the head of each executive department and other Govern-
ment establishment shall, on or before July first in every fiscal year, designate from
among the officials employed therein one person whose duty it shall be to supervise
the classification and compilation of all estimates of appropriations, including sup-
plemental and deficiency estimates to be submitted by such department or establish-
ment. In the performance of their duties persons so designated shall have due regard
for the requirements of all laws respecting the preparation of estimates, including the
manner and time of their submission through the Treasury Department to Congress;
they shall also, as nearly as may be practicable, eliminate from all such estimates
unnecessary words and make imiform the language commonly used in expressing
purposes or conditions of appropriations.
*******
Sec. 6. That all sums appropriated by this Act for salaries of officers and employees
of the Government shall be in full for such salaries for the fiscal year nineteen hundred
and fourteen, and all laws or parts of laws in conflict with the provisions of this Act
are repealed.
Sec. 7. That section eight of the District of Columbia appropriation Act, approved
June twenty-sixth, nineteen hundred and twelve, shall not take effect or be operative
during the fiscal year nineteen hundred and fourteen except to the extent that it
prohibits the payment of membership fees or dues in societies or associations: Pro-
vided, That dmringthe fiscal year nineteen hundred and fourteen expenses of attendance
of officers or employees of the Government at any meeting or convention of members
of any society or association shall be inciured only on the written authority and
direction of the heads of executive departments or other Government establishments
or the Government of the District of Columbia; and a detailed statement of all such
expenses incurred from June thirtieth until December first, nineteen hundred and
thirteen, shall be submitted to Congress on or before January first, nineteen hundred
and fourteen.
TO PROVIDE FOR THE PARTICIPATION OF THE UNITED STATES IN
THE PANAMA-PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION.
There shall be exhibited at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, to be held
at San Francisco in nineteen hundred and fifteen, such articles and materials as
illustrate the function and administrative faculty of the Government of the United
States tending to demonstrate the nature and growth of our institutions, their adaptation
to the wants of the people, and the progress of the Nation in the arts of peace and
war; and the President is authorized to provide for the collection and exhibition of
such articles and materials under the direction of a board, which is hereby created,
to be known as the Government Exhibit Board, which shall be composed of three
members to be named by the President from persons in the executive departments,
who after consultation with the heads of the executive departments and the Regents
ACTS OF CONGRESS. 613
of the Smithsonian Institution, the Isthmian Canal Commission, the Interstate Com-
merce Commission, the Civil Service Commission, the Commissioners of the District
of Columbia, the American National Red Cross, the Commission of Fine Arts, the
Librarian of Congress, the Public Printer, the Governor of Porto Rico, the Governor
of Alaska, the Governor of Hawaii, and the United States Geographic Board, shall
determine, the nature, character, and extent of the exhibits to be made, and shall
be charged with the selection, purchase, preparation, safe-keeping, exhibition, and
return of such articles and materials as said l)oard may decide shall be exhibited.
Before any obligations are incurred of any nature, said board shall have arranged the
scope of such exhibits so as to provide for the collection, exhibition, and return of
such articles and materials at a cost, which together with all other expenses herein
authorized, shall not exceed the amount hereinafter appropriated. The President
shall designate one member of said board as chairman, and from persons in the employ
of the United States Government may designate a secretary and a disbursing officer
for said board, and may also detail such other persons, including officers of the Army
and Navy as he may deem necessary to assist said board. All officers and employees
of the Government who may be detailed as aforesaid shall receive no compensation
in addition to their regular salaries, but shall be allowed their actual and necessary
traveling expenses, together with a per diem in lieu of subsistence, to be fixed by
the Secretary of the Treasury, but in no case to exceed $5 per day while necessarily
absent from their homes engaged upon the business of the l^oard. Any officer of the
Army or Navy so detailed shall receive this allowance in lieu of the transportation
and mileage now allowed him by law. Any provision of law which may prohibit
the detail of persons, in the employ of the United States to other service than that
which they customarily perform, shall not apply to persons detailed to duty in con-
nection with said Panama- Pacific International Exposition. Employees of the board
not otherwise employed by the Government shall be entitled to such compensation
as the board may determine: Provided, That compensation shall not be paid to any
such employee at a rate in excess of $3,000 per annum. The disbursing officer shall
give bond in the sum of $30,000 for the faithful performance of his duties, said bond
to be approved by the Secretary of the Treasury. The Secretary of the Treasury
shall advance to said officer from time to time, under such regulations as the Secretary
of the Treasury may prescribe, a sum of money from the approj^riation herein made
for the governmental participation in the exposition, not exceeding at any one time
the penalty of his bond, to enable him to pay the expenses of exhibition as authorized
by the exhibit board.
Suitable buildings for the housing of all said exhibits shall be provided by the
Panama-Pacific International Exposition Company without expense of any kind
to the Government of the United States.
For the purpose of inaugurating, installing, maintaining, and returning said Govern-
ment exhibits, together with all other expenses of every kind connected therewith,
$500,000. Said sum shall be paid by the Secretary of the Treasury from time to time
under such regulations as he may prescribe.
The President of the United States is authorized to detail three civilian officers or
employees from the executive departments as members of a commission which is
hereby constituted as the National Exposition Commission, one of said commissioners
who shall be the chairman of said commission, shall be detailed from the Department
of State. Vacancies in said commission shall be filled in the same manner as original
appointments. Each commissioner shall receive in addition to his original compensa-
tion his actual necessary traveling expenses and an allowance of |10 per day in lieu of
subsistence. Said commissioners may appoint a secretary at $2,500 per annum, and
the sum of $15,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, may be expended for cleri-
cal, office, and other necessary and actual expenses of said commission.
Said commission shall be authorized and empowered to act as a board of arbitration
to settle and determine any and all disputes arising between the commissioners of
foreign Governments and the directors of said Panama-Pacific International Exposi-
tion, whenever a formal request for such action is made by any foreign commissioner;
and said National Exposition Commission shall represent the Government of the
United States at said exposition in the reception and care of persons officially repre-
senting foreign Governments.
Said National Exposition Commissioners shall be detailed not earHer than July
first, nineteen hundred and fourteen, and their term of service as said commissioners
shall not extend beyond July first, nineteen hundred and sixteen, and the President
may terminate said commission at any time after January first, nineteen hundred and
sixteen.
Approved June 23, 1913.
614 REPOBT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Executive Order No. 1.
Consolidating the Administrative District of Gorgona with that of Empire, and for
other purposes.
By virtue of the authority vested in me I hereby establish the following order for
the Canal Zone:
Section 1. The Administrative District of Emperador shall be known hereafter as
the Administrative District of Empire, and the town of Empire shall be the head
of the District.
Sec. 2. The Administrative District of Gorgona is hereby abolished, and the terri-
tory heretofore embraced in said District is incorporated into the Administrative
District of Empire for all judicial, administrative, and political purposes.
Sec 3. The District Court of Gorgona is hereby abolished, and all cases, civil or
criminal, pending in said court, at the time this order takes effect are transferred to
the District Court of Empire, to be tried and disposed of in said court in like manner
and form as if they had been originally instituted therein, without prejudice to any
rulings or orders that may have been pre-\dously made in said cases by the District
Court of Gorgona; and all process issued in said cases made returnable to the District
Court of Gorgona shall be returnable to the District Court of Empire, and the records
and liles of the District Court of Gorgona shall be transferred to and become a part of
the records and files of the District Court of Empii-e as soon as this order takes effect.
Sec 4. If at any time it is impracticable to assign a district judge of one district
to hold the court of another district judge, the Head of the Department of Civil Adniin-
istration, with the approval of the Chairman of the Isthmian Canal Commission,
shall appoint some competent person to act as a special judge to hold such coiirt until
the regular judge thereof returns to his duties, or one of the district judges is assigned
to such court under the existing laws. Any person appointed special judge hereunder,
while serving in that capacity shall receive compensation for his services at the same
rate as that paid to the regular district judge.
Sec 5. The powers and duties heretofore vested in and imposed on the adminis-
trative officers of the District of Gorgona are hereby transferred to the corresponding
administrative officials respectively in the District of Empire; together with the
records and files belonging to such officers.
Sec 6. The areas of Gatun Lake lying outside of the east and west lines of the
Canal Zone proper (original ten mile strip) and the lands adjacent to said areas up to
contour lines of one hundred feet above mean sea level, are hereby included in the
present Cristobal Administrative District, and in the Thii-d Judicial Circuit, for all
judicial, administrative, and political purposes; except, that part of the Chagres and
its confluences from the point where the said river intersects the eastern line of the
Canal Zone proper, thence to the eastward up to contour lines of one hunclred feet
above mean sea level, which shall be included in the Administrative District of
Empire and in the Second Judicial Circuit for such purposes.
Sec 7. All laws and orders or parts thereof in conflict with this order are hereby
repealed.
Sec 8. This order shall take effect ten days from and after this date; Provided, That
the office of senior district judge in accordance with the preexisting laws shall con-
tinue until Decem])er 31, 1912, at which date the said office shall cease to exist; Arid,
provided further, That nothing in this order shall be construed to deprive any judicial
or administrative officer of the District of Gorgona as now fonned, of leave of absence
with pay that may be due him when this order takes effect.
Wm. II. Taft.
The White House,
September, 12, 1912.
Executive Order No. 2.
By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Act of Congress entitled "An Act to
provide for the opening, maintenance, protection and operation of the Panama Canal
and the sanitation and government of tlie Canal Zone," approved August 24, 1912, I
hereby declare that all land and land under water within the limits of the Canal
Zone are necessary for the construction, maintenance, operation, protection and
sanitation of the Panama Canal, and the Chairman of the Istlunian Canal Commission
is hereby directed to take possession, on behalf of the United States, of all such land
EXECUTIVE ORDERS. 615
and land under water; and he may extinguish, by agreement when practicable, all
claims and titles of adverse claimants to the occupancy of said land and land under
water.
Wm H Tapt
The White House,
December 5th, 1912.
[Panama Canal toll rates.]
By the President of the United States op America.
A PROCLAMATION.
I, William Howard Taft, President of the United States of America, by virtue
of the power and authority vested in me by the Act of Congress, approved August
twenty-fourth, nineteen hundred and twelve, to provide for the opening, mainte-
nance, protection and operation of the Panama Canal and the sanitation and govern-
ment of the Canal Zone, do hereby prescribe and proclaim the following rates of toll
to be paid by vessels using the Panama Canal :
1. On merchant vessels carrying passengers or cargo one dollar and twenty cents
($1.20) per net vessel ton — each one hundred (100) cubic feet — of actual earning
capacity.
2. On vessels in ballast without passengers or cargo forty (40) percent less than the
rate of tolls for vessels with passengers or cargo.
3. Upon naval vessels, other than transports, colliers, hospital ships and supply
ships, fifty (50) cents per displacement ton.
4. Upon army and navy transports, colliers, hospital ships and supply ships one
dollar and twenty cents ($1.20) per net ton, the vessels to be measured by the same
rules as are employed in determining the net tonnage of merchant vessels.
The Secretary of War will prepare and prescribe such rules for the measurement
of vessels and such regulations as may be necessary and proper to carry this procla-
mation into full force and effect.
In witness whereof, I have hereimto set my hand and caused the seal of the United
States to be affixed.
Done at the City of Washington this thirteenth day of November in the year of
r 1 our Lord one thousand nine himdred and twelve and of the independence
*^ 'J of the United States the one hundred and thirty-seventh.
Wm H Tapt
By the President:
P C Knox
Secretary of State.
Executive Order No. 3.
To Amend the Executive Order Providing for the Inspection of Steam Vessels, Approved
July 21, 1911.
By virtue of the authority vested in me, I hereby establish the following Order for
the Canal Zone:
Section 1. Section 10 of the Executive Order entitled " Executive Order Providing
for the Inspection of Steam Vessels," approved July 21, 1911, is hereby amended to
read as follows:
Section 10. Before issuing an inspection certificate to any vessel, the Collector of
Revenues shall demand and receive from the owner or master of such vessel the fol-
lowing compensation for inspection and examination made for the year, in addition
to any fees for issuing enrollments and licenses now, or which may hereafter be,
allowed by law:
For each steam vessel under 15 gross tons $5. 00
For each steam vessel over 15 gross tons and not exceeding 100 gross tons 10. 00
For each and every gross tons in excess of 100 gross tons 05
The fees herein provided for shall cover the cost of the certificate, as well as the cost
of inspection and examination of the vessel, and shall be for the use and benefit of
the Canal Zone Government.
616 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Section 2. Section 18 of the above-mentioned Executive Order is hereby amended
so as to read as follows:
Section 18. Every vessel coming within the provisions of this Order shall be pro-
vided with such number of lifeboats, floats, rafts, life-preservers, line carrying
projectiles and best means of propelling them, lights, drags, anchors, and with such
other equipment, as, in the judgment of the Board of Local Inspectors, will best
procure the safety of all persons on board such vessels in case of disaster. And every
such vessel shall have the lifeboats required by this Order provided with suitable
boat disengaging apparatus, so arranged as to allow such boats to be safely launched
while such vessels are under speed, or otherwise, so as to allow such disengaging
apparatus to be operated by one person, disengaging both ends of the boat simulta-
neously from the tackle by which it may be lowered to the water; and the Board of
Local Inspectors shall determine the kind of lifeboats, floats, rafts, life-preservers,
line carrying projectiles and means of propelling the same, lights, drags, anchors,
and other equipment which are to be used on the vessel; and also the kind and
capacity of the pumps for freeing the vessel from water in case of heavy leakage, the
capacity of such pumps being suited to the navigation in which the vessel is employed.
Section 3. This order shall take effect thirty days from this date.
Wm H Tapt
The White House,
January 13, 1913.
Executive Order No. 4.
By virtue of the authority vested in me I hereby order that all that area of land
in the Canal Zone known as Las Sabanas be excepted from the provisions of the
Executive Order of December 5, 1912, directing the Chairman of the Isthmian Canal
Commission to take possession on behalf of the United States of all privately owned
lands in the Canal Zone, the said area being bounded on the south by the present
limits of the City of Panama, on the southeast by the Pacific Ocean, on the northeast
by the boundary line of the Canal Zone from monument 99 for a distance of four
thousand seven hundred and forty-four and five-tenths (4744-5/10) meters to monu-
ment marked "F", on the northwest by a line extending from said monument F
south 63 degrees 32 minutes west for a distance of two thousand and eight and six-
tenths (2008-6/10) meters to the intersection of said line with the Curundu River,
and on the west by the Curundu River from said point of intersection to the point
where said river crosses the present boundary line of the City of Panama.
Wm H Taft
The White House,
February 18, 1913.
Executive Order No. 5.
All artisans, citizens of the United States, who are now or may hereafter be in the
service of the Isthmian Canal Commission and who have rendered one year's satis-
factory service on the Isthmus of Panama, and who may be recommended, upon
discharge, for transfer, may be transferred within three years to corresponding positions
in the classified service under the several Executive Departments and independent
Government establishments, without examination, subject to the other provisions of
the civil service rules.
Wm H Taft
The White House,
February 18th, 1913.
Executive Order No. 6.
Providing for the Protection of Birds and their Nests In the Canal Zone.
By virtue of the authority vested in me, I hereby establish the following Execu-
tive Order for the Canal Zone:
Section 1. It shall be unlawful for any person to hunt, trap, capture, wilfully dis-
turb or kill any bird of any kind whatever, or to take the eggs of any bird, except in
the form and manner permitted by the regulations provided for by this Order.
Sec. 2. The Isthmian Canal Commission, or the Governor of the Panama Canal
after the reorganization is estabhshed, is hereby empowered and directed to enact
suitable regulations, from time to time, for the protection of birds and their nests,
EXECUTIVE ORDERS. 6l7
and prescribing the form and manner in which birds may be hunted, and the kinds of
birds that may be hunted, and those that shall not be molested.
Sec. 3. A violation of any of the regulations established xinder this Order shall be
punished by a fine of not more than one hundred (100) dollars or by imprisonment
for not more than thirty days for each offense.
Sec. 4. This Order shall take effect thirty days after its publication in The Canal
Record.'
WooDRow Wilson.
The White House,
19 March, 1913.
Executive Order No. 7.
To Provide an Inexpensive Method for the Administration of Estates of Deceased and
Insane Persons in Certain Cases, and to Repeal Act 24, of the Canal Zone Laws, and
the Executive Orders Amendatory Thereto.
By virtue of the authority invested in me, I hereby establish the following Execu-
tive Order for the Canal Zone:
Section 1. Whenever an employee in the service of the Isthmian Canal Commission,
or of the Government of the Canal Zone, or of the Panama Rail Road Company, shall die,
leaving an estate in the said Zone, or whenever such decedent, being a citizen of the United
States, Jeaves an estate in the Canal Zone or in the Republic of Panama; and the said
estate consists of personal property only and a regular administration shall not have been
instituted in the Courts of the Canal Zone thereon, the Collector of Revenues for the Canal
Zone is hereby authorized and directed to take possession of the estate of the said deceased
person and to make a complete inventory thereof and present the same to the Judge of the
Circuit Court of the First Judicial Circuit of the Canal Zone, to be filed by the said Judge
in the records of his court when approved by him.^
Sec. 2. The Collector of Revenues, with the approval of the Judge of the Circuit
Court of the First Judicial Circuit, out of the assets of the estate, may pay the burial
expenses of the said deceased person and all expenses necessarily incurred in secur-
ing possession of the estate and of administering the same until it is turned over to
the heirs or other parties entitled thereto, and he may also pay the expenses of the
transportation of the remains of the decedent to the United States, if he is an Ameri-
can citizen and such transportation is desired by the surviving relatives. He shall
also pay the lawdul debts of the deceased, with the approval of the Circiiit Judge.
Sec 3. In case the deceased shall have to his credit with the Isthmian Canal Com-
mission, the Government of the Canal Zone, or the Panama Rail Road Company,
any sum as salary or other acknowledged claim, the amount so due shall be paid to
the Collector of Revenues and be by him administrated as a part of said estate in the
manner prescribed by this Order; Provided, That if there should be a regular admin-
istration upon the estate of the deceased in a court of competent jurisdiction of the
Canal Zone, then the sum due to the deceased shall be paid to the regular executor
or administrator of the estate appointed by said court.
Sec. 4. After all the expenses connected with the burial of the deceased person
and in securing possession of the estate and in otherwise administering the same,
together with the lawful debts of the deceased, have been fully paid, the balance of
such estate shall be paid by the Collector of Revenues to the parties entitled to receive
such estate; but before making such payment, the approval of the Judge of the Cir-
cuit Court must be obtained.
Sec 5. If the deceased employee is an alien and has no heirs in the Canal Zone,
the Collector of Revenues is hereby authorized and directed to deliver the residue
of the decedent's estate to the diplomatic or consular representative of the country of
which the decedent was a citizen or subject accredited to the Republic of Panama, to
be delivered by such representative to the heirs of the decedent ; if the deceased is a
citizen of Panama, the residue of the estate may be delivered to his heirs in Panama,
or to the authorities designated for that purpose by the Panamanian laws or decrees.
Sec 6. After the estate has been fully administered by the Collector of Revenues
and the residue thereof has been turned over to the parties entitled to the same accord-
ing to this Order, the Collector of Revenues shall file a final report of his acts and
doings in the estate with the Judge of the Circuit Court, and accompany said report
with the proper vouchers and other supporting papers, showing the receipts and dis-
bursements made by him in administering the estate, and the Circuit Judge shall
1 Published in The Canal Record of April 9, 1913.
* This section reads as amended by Executive Order of March 20, 1913 (C. Z. No. 62), effective that date.
618 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CAKAL COMMISSION.
examiBe said report, and if he finds it correct, he shall approve the same and discharge
the Collector of Revenues as such administrator.
Sec. 7. If the decedent should leave a widow, or minor children, or dependent
relative in necessitous circumstances, to be determined by the Circuit Judge, the resi-
due of the estate of the decedent, after all of the funeral expenses, the expenses of
transportation of the remains of the deceased to the United States, if the remains are
transported, and the other expenses incident to the administration of the estate are
fully paid, shall be delivered to said widow, or minor children, or dependent relative,
as the case may be, for their maintenance and support; and, except as in this section
otherwise provided, the claims of the widow, minor children, or dependent relative of
the deceased for this allowance shall be superior to the claims of the creditors of the
deceased: Provided, That such preference m favor of the widow, minor children, or
dependent relative shall not exceed $500.
Sec. 8. If an employee of the Isthmian Canal Commission, the Government of the Canal
Zone, or the Panavia Rail Road Company should be adjudged insane by the Canal Zone
Courts and the estate consists entirely of personal property and no regular guardianship
of such estate shall have been instituted by the Canal Zone courts, it shall be the duty of the
Collector of Revenues to take possession of the estate of such insane person, including any
salary or other acknowledged claim due to such employee by the Isthmian Canal Commis-
sion, the Canal Zone Government or the Panama Rail Road Company, and make a complete
inventory thereof and file the same with the Judge of the Circuit Court of the First Judicial
Circuit of the Canal Zone, and under the direction and with the approval of the Judge of
said court, the Collector of Revenues may pay the lawful indebtedness due by the insane
person, as well as the expenses incurred in administrating the said estate and he shall hold
the residue of the estate subject to the orders of the Circuit Judge.^
If the insane person has a wife, minor child or children, or dependent relative, in
necessitous circumstances, to be determined by the Circuit Judge, the Court shall set
aside a sufficient sum out of the said estate for their maintenance and support, not to
exceed the sum of |500 in the aggregate, to be paid in such manner and at such times
as the Circuit Judge may prescribe, and which allowance shall be superior to all other
claims against the estate; and the order of the Judge shall be sufficient authority for
the Collector of Revenues to make such payment, taking proper receipts therefor.
In case the insane person is a citizen of the United States and has no wife, child or
children, or dependent relative, the Collector of Revenues shall retain possession of
the residue of said estate, after the debts and other charges have been paid as above
mentioned, and hold same subject to the orders of the Court.
If the insane person is a Panamanian and has no wife, child or children, or depend-
ent relative, the residue of the estate, with the approval of the Circuit Judge, may be
delivered by the Collector of Revenues to the authorities designated for that piurpose
by the Panamanian laws or decrees.
If the insane person is an alien, other than a Panamanian, and has no wife, child or
children, or dependent relative, the Collector of Revenues, with the approval of the
Judge of the Cu-cuit Court, shall pay over the residue of the said estate to the diplo-
matic or consular representative of the country to which the insane person belongs
accredited to the Republic of Panama, to be disposed of by him in accordance with
the laws of his country.
Sec. 9. When the estate of the insane person is finally administered and the moneys
paid over to the person or persons entitled to receive same as herein pro\ided for, the
Collector of Revenues shall make his final report on said estate to the Judge of the
Circuit Court and the Court shall approve the same if found to be correct, and discharge
the Collector of Revenues from such guardianship.
Sec. 10. When the Collector of Revenues shall have performed his duties in accord-
ance with the provisions of this Order and shall have delivered the estate or paid over
the sums due from the funds of said estate to the person or persons entitled thereto in
accordance with the orders of the Court, such settlement of the estate shall be deemed
a lawful settlement thereof, and the Collector of Revenues shall not be accountable on
his bond and shall not be liable to any other person for the estate so administered by
him: Provided, That nothing in this Order shall prohibit the lawful heirs or claimants
of any person whose estate has been settled in accordance with the provisions of this
Order from bringing suit in any court having jurisdiction of the subject matter and
of the parties to the action against the person or persons who received the estate by
virtue of the provisions of this act, and from recovering the same or the value thereof
from such person or persons upon proof that the estate has l)een delivered to the per-
sons not entitled to receive and retain same.
"This section reads as amended by the Executive Order of March 20, 1913 (C. Z. No. 62), effective that
date.
EXECUTIVE ORDERS. 6l9
•
Sec. 11. This Order shall apply to the estate of persons who died or became insane
prior to the passage of the Order, as well as to those who die or become insane after the
date of its promulgation.
Sec. 12. If the Collector of Revenues shall deem it to the best interest of the estate
of the deceased or insane person to convert any part or all of the property of the estate
into cash, he may dispose of the same by public or private sale, with the approval of
the Circuit Judge.
Sec. 13. The proceedings to be had before the Judge of the Circuit Court as herein
provided for may be conducted without the necessity of any prior notice being given
of the same, either by publication or otherwise; and the judge may proceed in such
cases in open court or in chambers, and shall give precedence to such matters over all
other business pending before him, in order that the estates may be administered and
closed as expeditiously as the rights of all parties concerned may permit. No court
costs of any kind shall be taxed against estates administered under the provisions of
this Order.
Sec. 14. The official bond of the Collector of Revenues shall be security for the
moneys and properties received by him in the performance of the duties prescribed
for him by this Order.
Sec. 15. Act 24, of the Canal Zone Laws, entitled:
"An Act providing for an inexpensive method of Administration upon the Estates
of Employees of the Government of the Canal Zone, or of the Isthmian Canal Com-
mission, who are citizens of the United States and who die in the Canal Zone, Isthmus
of Panama, leaving estates of small value upon which regular administration is deemed
inadvisable."
enacted March 1, 1905, and Executive Order dated June 22, 1907, effective July 1,
1907, and Executive Order dated July 21, 1909, respectively, amendatory of said Act
24, and all laws in conflict herewith, are hereby repealed.
Sec. 16. This Order shall take effect 30 days from and after this date.
Wm. H. Taft.
The White House,
February 5, 1912.
Note.— Sections 2 and 8 read as amended by the Executive Order of March 20, 1913 (C. Z. No. 62), effec-
tive that date. Section II of that Order roads as follows:
"Section II. This amendment shall apply to the estates of employees who died or became insane prior
to this date as well as to those who die or are adjudged insane hereafter."
Executive Order No. 8.
Relating to Foreign Corporations.
By virtue of the authority vested in me, I hereby establish the following Order for
the Canal Zone:
Section 1. No corporation or joint stock company (other than insurance companies)
organized under the laws of any State or Territory of the United States or of any
foreign government shall do business in the Canal Zone until after it has filed in the
office of the Collector of Revenues a duly authenticated copy of its charter or articles
of incorporation, as well as a statement, verified by the oath of the president or sec-
retary of said corporation and attested by a majority of its board of directors, showing:
1. The name of such corporation and the location of its principal office or place of
business outside of the Canal Zone; and if it is to have any place of business or princi-
pal office within the Canal Zone, the location thereof.
2. The amount of its capital stock.
3. The amount of its capital stock actually paid in, in money, and the amount of its
capital stock paid in, in any other way, and in what way the payment was made.
4. The amount of assets of the corporation and in what the assets consist, and the
actual cash value thereof.
5. The liabilities of such corporation and if any of its indebtedness is secured, how
secured, and upon what property.
6. Such other evidence as the Collector of Revenues may deem necessary to satisfy
him of the financial standing or solvency of the corporation or company.
Sec. 2. Such corporation or joint stock company shall file a certificate with the
Collector of Revenues, certifying that said corporation or joint stock company has
consented to be sued in the Canal Zone upon all causes of action arising against it
therein, and designating the Collector of Revenues, and his successors in office, to be
its true and lawful attorney, upon whom all process in any such action may be served;
620 KEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
/^' «
and it shall agree that any lawful process against it, served on such attorney shall con-
stitute a valid service upon it, and that his authority shall continue in force so long as
any liability against it remains outstanding in the Canal Zone.
Such power of attorney, and the vote authorizing its execution, duly certified and
authenticated, shall be filed in the office of the Collector of Revenues, and a copy
thereof, certified by him, shall be sufficient evidence thereof.
No corporation or joint stock company shall do business in the Canal Zone imtil
such certificate is duly filed and the other provisions of this Order are complied with.
Sec 3. Upon compliance with the conditions set out in the foregoing section of this
Order and the payment of an annual fee, in advance, of $50, to the Collector of Rev-
enues, he shall issue to such corporation or company a certificate authorizing it to do
business within the Canal Zone. Such certificate, however, shall be terminable by the
direction of the Chief Executive of the Canal Zone, but if terminated without fault
upon the part of the corporation or joint stock company, a proportionate rebate of the
license fee will be made to such corporation or company.
Sec. 4. Any agent or person representing a corporation or joint stock company who
does business in the Canal Zone before such corporation or company has complied with
the provisions of this Order shall be subject to a fine not exceeding $25, or imprison-
ment in jail not exceeding thirty days, and each day's business so done by such agent
or person shall be considered a separate offense for the purpose of this Order.
Sec. 5. This Order shall not be held to modify the provisions of an Executive Order
relating to insurance companies, dated March 12, 1907, effective July 1, 1907.
Sec. 6. This Order shall take effect sixty days from the date of its publication in
The Canal Becord.^
WooDRow Wilson.
The White House,
March 20, 1913.
Executive Order No. 9.
By virtue of the authority vested in me by Section 5 of the Panama Canal Act,
approved August 24, 1912, directing the President to "provide a method for the deter-
mination and adjustment of all claims arising out of personal injuries to employees
thereafter occurring while directly engaged in actual work in connection with the
construction, maintenance, operation or sanitation of the Canal, or of the Panama Rail-
road, or of any auxiliary canals, locks or other works necessary and convenient for the
construction, maintenance, operation or sanitation of the Canal, whether such injuries
result in death or not, and prescribe a schedule of compensation therefor," I hereby
establish the following Order for the Canal Zone:
Section 1. The United States or the Panama Railroad Company shall pay compen-
sation as hereinafter specified for personal injuries to their respective employees
occurring after March 1st, 1913, while such employees are directly engaged in actual
work in connection with the construction, maintenance, operation or sanitation of the
Canal, or of the Panama Railroad, or of any auxiliary canals, locks or other works neces-
sary and convenient for the construction, maintenance, operation or sanitation of the
Canal, whether such injuries result in death or not; but no compensation shall be paid
if the injury is caused (1) by the employee's intention to bring about the injury or
death of himself or of another, or (2) by his intoxication.
Section 2. Compensation the exclusive remedy. — Except as provided in this order,
the United States and the Panama Railroad Company shall not be liable for personal
injury to or the death of an employee for which compensation is provided in Section 1
hereof.
Section 3. Waiting period. — During the first five days of disability resulting from
the injury the employee shall not be entitled to compensation, except as provided in
Section 9. No compensation shall at any time be paid for such period.
Section 4. Total disability. — If the injury results in total disability, there shall be
])aid to the employee a monthly compensation equal to fifty per cent, of his monthly
pay. This compensation shall be paid during such disability, not exceeding a period
of six years from the fifth day of disability of any kind resulting from the injury.
After such period of six years there shall be paid to the employee during such disability
a monthly compensation equal to not more than forty per cent, and not less than
twenty-five per cent, of his monthly pay.
Section 5. Partial disability. — If the injury results in partial disabilty, there shall
be paid to the employee a monthly compensation equal to fifty per cent, of the differ-
ence between his monthly pay and his wage earning capacity per month after the
> Published in Canal Record of April 9, 1913.
^- EXECUTIVE ORDERS. 621
beginning of such partial disability. This compensation shall be paid during such
disability for a period not exceeding six years from the fifth day of disability of any
kind resulting from the injury. After such period of six years, there shall be paid to
the emploj'ee during such disability a monthly compensation ecjual to not more than
forty per cent, and not less than twenty-five per cent, of the difference between his
monthly pay and his wage earning capacity per month after such period of six years.
Section C. Affidavit as to wages. — After the beginning of partial disability the
Governor of the Panama Canal may, from time to time, require the injured employee
to make an affidavit as to the wages per month which he is receiving. In the state-
ment of the wages the value of rent, board, lodging and other advantages received
from the employer, which can be estimated in money, shall be taken into account.
If the employee at any time fails to make such affidavit, he shall not be entitled to
any compensation while such failure continues, and the period of such failure shall
be deducted from the period during which compensation is payable to the employee.
Section 7. Refusal to work. — If the employee refuses to work after suitable work is
furnished to or secured for him by the United States or the Panama Railroad Company
he shall not be entitled to any compensation while such refusal continues, and the
period of such refusal shall be deducted from the period during which compensation
is payable to the employee.
Section 8. Sick leave. — If at the time disability begins the employee has to his credit
any unused sick leave, he may, at his option, subject to the approval of the Governor
of the Panama Canal, use such leave until exhausted. During such time no compen-
sation shall accrue, and any period of sick leave allowed on account of such disability
after the first five days of disability shall be deducted from the period of six years
referred to in Sections 4 and 5.
Section 9. Medical, etc., attendance. — There shall be furnished to the injured em-
ployee reasonable medical, surgical and hospital services and supplies, unless the
employee elects to furnish his own physician or to care for himself. If in the opinion
of the Governor of the Panama Canal a surgical operation is necessary, either to save
the life of the injured employee or to render the disability less serious, and the em-
ployee refuses to submit to such operation, he shall not be entitled to any compensa-
tion thereafter, but in case of his death, compensation shall be paid as hereinafter
provided.
Section 10. Transportation of injured employees. — If in the opinion of the Governor
of the Panama Canal it is not desirable to continue the injured employee in the service,
such employee, as soon as he is able to travel, shall, in the discretion of the Governor
of the Panama Canal, be furnished transportation to his home. If at the time of the
injury the employee is on the Isthmus, the Governor of the Panama Canal may, in
his discretion, suspend, for such period as such employee remains on the Isthmus after
free transportation has been offered to him as herein provided, the compensation pay-
able to such employee.
Section 11. Death payments. — If the injury results in death within six years, there
shall be paid to the following persons for the following periods a monthly compensa-
tion equal to the following percentages of the deceased employee's monthly pay:
(A) To the widow or widower if there is no child. — If wholly dependent for support
upon the deceased employee at the time of the death, thirty-five per cent, for a period
of six years from the date of the death, unless before that time such widow or widower
dies or marries; after such period of six years not less than twenty per cent, nor more
than thirty per cent, until death or marriage; if partly dependent, the compensation
shall be a proportionate amount of the above compensation.
(B) To the widow or widower if there is a child. — The compensation payable under
Clause A, and in addition thereto ten per cent, for each child, not to exceed a total of
fifty per cent, for self and children; after the expiration of six years from the date of
the death the total for self and children shall not exceed twenty-five to forty per cent.
Compensation payable on account of any child shall cease when he dies, marries, or
reaches the age of eighteen, or if over the age of eighteen and incapable of self-support
becomes capable of self-support.
(C) To the children if there is no widow or widower. — Twenty-five per cent, for one
child and ten per cent, additional for each additional child not to exceed a total of
fifty per cent, divided among such children share and share alike. After the expira-
tion of six years from the date of the death of the deceased employee, the total shall
not exceed twenty-five to forty per cent. The compensation of each child shall be
paid until he dies, marries or reaches the age of eighteen years, or if over the age of
eighteen and incapable of self-support, becomes capable of self-support.
(D) To the parents, if there is no widow, widower or child. — If one is wholly dependent
for support upon the deceased employee at the time of his death and the other is not
dependent to any extent, twenty-five per cent; if both are wholly dependent, twenty
per cent, to each; if one is or botn are partly dependent a proportionate amount in the
622 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
discretion of the Governor of the Panama Canal. This compensation shall be paid
for a period of eight years from the time of the death, unless before that time the
parent dies, marries or ceases to be dependent.
(E) To the brothers, sisters, grandchildren and grandparents, if there is no widow,
widower, child or dependent parent. — If one is wholly dependent upon the deceased
employee for support at the time of the death, twenty per cent.; if more than one
are wholly dependent, thirty per cent., divided among them share and share alike.
If there is no one of them wholly dependent, but one or more are partly dependent,
ten per cent, divided among them share and share alike. The compensation of each
beneficiary shall be paid for a period of eight years from the time of the death unless
before that time he, if a grandparent dies, marries or ceases to be dependent, or, if a
brother, sister or grandchild, dies, marries or reaches the age of eighteen years, or if
over tliat age and incapable of self-support becomes capable of self-support.
(F). As used in this section, the term " child " and " children " include step-children,
adopted children, posthumous children and illegitimate children, but do not include
married children. The terms "brother" and "sister" and their plurals include
stepbrothers and stepsisters, half-brothers and half-sisters, and brothers and sisters
adopted by the parent of the deceased employee, but do not include married brothers
and married sisters. The terms "grandcliild " and "grandchildren " include children
of adopted children, and children of stepchildren, but do not include step-children of
children, step-children of stepchildren, stepchildren of adopted children or married
grandchildren. All of the above terms include only persons under eighteen years of
age or over that age and incapable of self-support. The terms ' ' parent " and ' ' parents "
include step-parents and the parents by whom tlie deceased employee was adopted.
The terms "grandparent" and "grandparents" include the parents of the parents
by whom the deceased employee was adopted, but do not include parents of step-
parents, step-parents of parents, or step-parents of step-parents. The term "widow"
and "widower" include only the decedent's wife or husband actually dependent
upon him or her for support at the time of the death.
(G) The period during which compensation was payable to the deceased employee
before his death shall be deducted from the period of six years referred to in Clauses
A, B, and C, and from the period of eight years referred to in Clauses D and E.
(H) Upon the cessation of compensation under this section to or on account of any
person, the compensation of the remaining persons entitled to compensation for the
unexpired part of the period during which their compensation is payable, shall be
that which such persons would have received if they had been the only persons
entitled to compensation at the time of the decedent's death.
Section 12. Burial expenses. — If the employee dies as a result of the injurj^ away
from his home, ofhce or outside of the United States and compensation has not ceased,
his body shall, if practicable, or if desired by his relatives, and if transportation has
not been furnished the employee under Section 10 before his death, be embalmed
and transported in a hermetically sealed casket to the home of the employee if such
home is within the United States. If death occurs on the Isthmus and the body is not
transported away from the Isthmus, the body shall be interred on the Isthmus at the
expense of the United States or of the Panama Railroad.
Section 13. Computation of pay. — If the monthly pay of the employee is over two
hundred dollars a month, the monthly pay shall be considered to be two hundred
dollars. Subject to this maximum, the monthly pay shall be computed as follows:
(A) If the employee is paid by the year divide his yearly pay at the time of the
injury by twelve;
(B) If the employee is paid by the month, take his monthly pay at the time of
the injury;
(C) If the employee is paid by the week, multiply his weekly pay at the time of
the injury by fifty-two and divide the results by twelve;
(D) If the employee is paid by the day, multiply his daily pay at the time of the
injury by twenty-six;
(E) If the employee is paid by the hour, multiply his hourly pay at the time of
the injury by the number of hours constituting a day's work and multiply the result
by twenty-six;
(F) If the employee is paid by his output; find his hourly pay at the time of the injury
by dividing the total amount earned by him in the employment in which and at the
rate of pay at which he was employed at the time of the injury, during so much of
the thirty days next preceding the injury, including the day of the injury, as he was
so employed, by the number of hours so employed during such thirty days, then
proceed as in (E);
(G) In making the computation provided in Clauses (E) and (F) of this section,
overtime shall not be taken into account;
(H) Subsistence shall be included as part of the pay.
EXECUTIVE ORDERS. 623
Section 14. Commutation of periodical payments. — If the monthly payments to the
beneficiary are less than Five dollars per month, or if the beneficiary is not a citizen
of the United States, or is or is about to become a non-resident of the United States,
or if the Governor of the Panama Canal determines that it is for the best interests of
the beneficiary, the liability of the United States or of the Panama Railroad Company
for compensation to such beneficiary shall be discharged by the payment of a lump
sum equal to two-thirds of all future payments of compensation. The probability of
the beneficiary's death before the expiration of the period during which he is entitled
to compensation, shall be determined according to the American Table of Mortality.
The probability of the happening of any other contingency affecting the amount or
duration of the compensation shall be disregarded.
Until such time as the President, under the authority of Section 4 of the Act of
August 24, 1912, entitled "An Act to provide for the opening, maintenance, protec-
tion and operation of the Panama Canal and the sanitation and government of the
Canal Zone," shall discontinue the Isthmian Canal Commission, compensation shall
be paid in a lump sum in all cases, unless the Chairman of the Isthmian Canal Com-
mission in any case determines that payment in instalments for any part or all of the
period during which compensation is payable is for the best interests of the United
States or of the Panama Railroad Company or of the beneficiary.
Section 15. Payment of the compensation shall be made to the beneficiary or to
such representative as the Governor of the Panama Canal may determine.
Section 16. Determination of wage earning capacity. — In the determination of the
employee's wage earning capacity after the beginning of partial disability the value
of rent, board, lodging and other advantages which are received from his employer
and which can be estimated in money, shall be taken into account.
Section 17. Notice of injury or death. — Immediately after the injury, the injured
employee or some one on his behalf shall give to the immediate superior of such
employee a written notice of the injury, and if the injury results in the death of the
employee, one of the persons entitled to compensation or some person on his behalf,
within 90 days thereafter, shall give to the immediate superior of such employee or
to the Governor of the Panama Canal a written notice of such death. The notice
shall state the name of the employee, his class of service, the year, month, day and
hour when and the particular locality where the injury or death occurred, the cause
of the injury or death, the nature of the injury, the nature and extent of the disability
resulting therefrom, and the address of the employee and of the person giving the
notice. The notice may be given personally or sent by mail. The Governor of the
Panama Canal may, in his discretion, waive the giving of a notice.
Section 18. Report of injury or death. — Immediately after an injury to an employee
resulting in his death or in his probable disability, the immediate superior of the
employee shall at once make a report to the Governor of the Panama Canal, containing
such information as the Governor of the Panama Canal may, by regulation, require.
Section 19. Claim for compensation. — No compensation under this order shall be
allowed to any person unless he, or some on his behalf, shall make a written claim
therefor upon the Governor of the Panama Canal within the time specified in Section
21. The claim may be served personally upon or sent by mail to the Governor of
the Panama Canal or to such person as he may, by regulation, require.
Section 20. Contents of claim. — The claim shall be signed by the person making the
claim and shall state the name of the employee, his age, sex, nationality and class of
service, the year, month, day and hour when and the particular locality where the
injury or death occurred, the cause of the injury or death, the nature of the injury,
the nature and extent of the disability resulting therefrom; the monthly pay of the
employee at the time of the injury, the relationship of the person entitled to compensa-
tion to the employee, the names and addresses of all persons entitled to compensation
on account of such injury or death, the amount and duration of the compensation
claimed, and the address of the person making the claim. The claim shall be sworn
to by the person entitled to compensation or by the person acting on his behalf, and,
except in case of death, or as otherwise provided in regulations prescribed by the
Governor of the Panama Canal, shall be accompanied by a certificate of the employee's
physician, if any, stating the nature of the injury, and the nature and extent of the
disability. The claim shall, wherever possible, be made on forms furnished by the
Governor of the Panama Canal, and in addition to the statements above required,
shall contain such other information as the Governor of the Panama Canal may require.
The Governor of the Panama Canal may waive the making of and swearing to claims
and the inclusion therein of any of the above requirements in such cases as he may
deem proper.
Section 21 . Time within which claim must he made. — Claims for compensation shall be
made within sixty days after the injury, or, in case of death, within one year after the
624 EEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
death. For any reasonable cause shown, the Grovemor of the Panama Canal may
allow claim for injury to be filed within one year after the injury.
Section 22. Amendment of claim. — The Governor of the Panama Canal may, after
receipt of the claim, demand a further claim specifying in the demand in what particu-
lar the claim is defective. Failure to make such demand shall constitute a waiver
by the United States or by the Panama Railroad Company, as the case may be, of all
defects which the claim may contain. After receipt of such demand, the person
making the claim may, at any time within 60 days, make an amended claim which
shall supersede the first claim and have the same effect as an original claim.
Section 23. Medical examination. — After the injury and during disability the
employee shall as frequently and at such times and places as may be reasonably
required submit himself to examination by a medical officer of the United States or
by a duly qualified physician designated by the Governor of the Panama Canal and
paid by the United States or by the Panama Railroad Company, as the case may be.
The employee rnay have a duly qualified physician designated and paid by him
present to participate in such examination. For all examinations after the first, the
employee shall, in the discretion of the Governor of the Panama Canal, be paid hia
reasonable travelling and other expenses and loss of wages incurred in order to submit
to such examination. If the employee refuses to submit himself for or in any way
obstructs any examination, his right to claim compensation under this order shall be
suspended until such refusal or obstruction ceases. No compensation shall be payable
while such refusal or obstruction continues and such period shall be deducted from the
period for which compensation would otherwise be payable.
Section 24. Disagreement between physicians. — In case of any disagreement between
the physician making an examination on the part of the United States or the Panama
Railroad Company and the employee's physician, the Governor of the Panama Canal
shall appoint a third physician, duly qualified. The decision of the majority shall be
final. A reasonable fee shall be allowed and paid by the United States or by the
Panama Railroad Company, as the case may be, to such third physician if he is not a
medical officer of the United States.
Section 25. Assignment of right against third person. — If an injury or death for
which compensation is payable under this order is caused under circumstances
creating a legal liability in some person other than the United States or the Panama
Railroad Company to pay damages therefor, no compensation shall be payable to any
beneficiary for such injury or death until he assigns to the United States or to the
Panama Railroad Company, as the case may be, any right of action which he may
have to enforce such liability of such other person, or any right which he may have
to share in any money (or other property) received in satisfaction of such liability of
such other person. The United States or the Panama Railroad Company, as the case
may be, if it prosecutes such right to judgment or settlement shall after deducting
the amount of any compensation already paid to the beneficiary and the costs of such
prosecution, pay over to the beneficiary any surplus remaining. Such surplus so paid
over shall be credited on future instalments of compensation as they become due.
The Governor of the Panama Canal may waive the requirement of such assignment
or may waive it for such period as he may deem proper.
Section 26. Assignment of right against Panama Railroad Company. — If an injury
or death for which compensation is payable under this order is caused under circum-
stances creating a legal liability in the Panama Railroad Company to pay damages
therefor under the laws of any State, Territory, or possession of the United States or
of the District of Columbia or of any foreign country, no compensation shall be payable
to any beneficiary for such injury or death until he releases to the Panama Railroad
Company, any right of action which he may have to enforce such liability of the
Panama Railroad or until he assigns to the United States or to the Panama Railroad
Company, as the case may be, any right which he may have to share in any money
(or other property) received in satisfaction of such liability of the Panama Railroad
Company. The Governor of the Panama Canal may waive the requirement of such
assignment or release for such period as he may deem proper.
Section 27. Assignments and attachments.— 'No claims for compensation under this
order shall be assignable, and all compensation and claims therefor shall be exempt
from all claims of creditors. This section is hereby constituted a part of the Laws of
the Canal Zone.
Section 28. Attorneys' fees. — No claim for legal services in connection with any
claim arising under this order shall be enforceable unless approved by the Governor
of the Panama Canal. This section is hereby constituted a part of the Laws of the
Canal Zone.
Section 29. Modification of allowance of compensation. — The Governor of the Panama
Canal may at any time review, and, in accordance with the facts found in such review,
end, diminish, or increase any compensation previously fixed or determined.
EXECUTIVE ORDERS. 625
Section 30. Recovery of compensation erroneously paid. — If any compensation is paid
under mistake of law or of fact the Governor of the Panama Canal shall immediately
cancel any order under which such compensation has been paid, and shall recover,
as far as practicable, any amount which has been so paid.
Section 31. Powers of Governor of the Panama Canal. — The Governor of the Panama
Canal shall make all necessary rules and regulations for the proper, effective, and eco-
nomical enforcement of this order, and shall decide all questions arising under this
order or in regard to the interpretation thereof. His determination of any fact neces-
sary to or imderlying any clairn hereunder, shall be final and conclusive upon all
parties and claimants or beneficiaries.
Section 32. Powers of Chairman of Isthmian Canal Commission. — Until such time
as the President, under the authority of section 4 of the Act of August 24, 1912, entitled
"An act to provide for the opening, maintenance, protection and operation of the
Panama Canal, and the sanitation and government of the Canal Zone" shall dis-
continue the Isthmian Canal Commission, and until the Governor of the Panama Canal
is appointed and has qualified, all the rights, powers and duties vested in the Governor
of the Panama Canal by this order shall be exercised by the Chairman of the Isthmian
Canal Commission.
Section 33. Penalty for false swearing. — Whoever shall make in any affidavit required
under section 6 or in any claim reqmred by section 19, any statement, knowing it to
be false, shall be deemed guilty of perjury and shall be punished by a fine of not more
than $5,000, or by imprisonment for not more than 2 years, or by both such fine and
imprisonment. This section is hereby constituted a part of the Laws of the Canal Zone.
Section 34. Singular and masculine. — Wherever used in this order the singular
includes the plural and the masculine gender includes the feminine and neuter.
Section 35. Liability of United States and of Panama Railroad Company. — If the pay-
ment of compensation under this order on account of an injury or death is to be made
from the funds of the United States, the Panama Railroad Company shall be released
and discharged from all liability on account of such injury or death, and if it is to be
made from the funds of the Panama Railroad Company the United States shall be
released and discharged from all liability on account of such injury or death. This
section is hereby constituted a part of the Laws of the Canal Zone.
Section 36. Repeal of Laws of Canal Zone. — All laws of the Canal Zone inconsistent
with any of the provisions of this order are hereby repealed. This section is hereby
constituted a part of the Laws of the Canal Zone.
Section 37. Time of taking effect. — This order shall take effect March 1, 1913.*
The White House, Wm H Taft
February 26th, 1913.
Executive Order No. 10.
To provide maritime quarantine regulations for the Canal Zone and the harbors of the
cities of Panama and Colon, Republic of Panama.
Whereas the official opening of the Panama Canal will require a revision of the
maritime quarantine regulations for the Canal Zone and the harbors of the cities of
Panama and Colon, Republic of Panama, and
> Note.— The operation of this order has been suspended by the provisions of the following Executive
Order:
Whereas, an Executive Order was promulgated on February 2%, 1913, providing a method of compen-
sation forpersonal injuries to, or for the death of, employees of the Isthmian Canal Commission and of the
Panama Railroad Company, and no appropriation has been made available for the payment of compensa-
tion under the terms of such Order;
And wheeeas, the provisions for the payment of claims for injuries to, or for the death of. employees of
the Isthmian Canal Commission and of the Panama Railroad Company, in force prior to tne time of the
promulgation of said Order of February 20, 1913, should continue until the Order just mentioned can be
made eSective;
By virtue of the authority vested in me,
It is ordered, That the operation of the said Order of February 26, 1913, is hereby suspended
until further executive order or direction in the premises;
And it is FimTHER ordered, That, until such further order or direction, payment of compensation for
injuries to, or for the death^of, employees of the Isthmian Canal Commission and of the Panama Railroad
" ' - -- ■ -- ■ ■- 1 before that date, continue to be made in accordance
at. 556), being " An Act Granting to certain employees
; compensation for injuries sustained in the course of their
employment," the Act of Congress, approved February 24, 1909 (35 Stat. 645), being "An Act Relating to
injured employees on the Isthmian Canal," Section 5 of the Act of Congress, approved March 4, 1911, being
"An Act Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the government for the fiscal year ending
June thirtieth, nineteen nundred and twelve, and for other purposes," the laws of the Canal Zone, and the
rules and regulations heretofore made in regard thereto.
WOODEOW WasoN
The White House,
March U, 191S.
11834°— 13 40
626 EEPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Whereas the Government of the United States and the authorities of the Canal
Zone are authorized to establish such rules and regulations for the ports and harbors
of said cities, by virtue of the second paragraph of Article VII of the treaty between
the United States and the Republic of Panama for the construction of the Isthmian
Canal, signed November 18, 1903, which paragraph reads as follows:
"The Republic of Panama agrees that the cities of Panama and Colon shall comply
in perpetuity with the sanitary ordinances whether of a preventive or curative char-
acter, prescribed by the United States and in case the Government of Panama ia
unable or fails in its duty to enforce this compliance by the cities of Panama and
Colon with the sanitary ordinances of the United States the Republic of Panama
grants to the United States the right and authority to enforce the same."
and section 6 of the Executive Order of December 3, 1904, known as the Taft Agree-
ment made between the Secretary of War of the United States and the Chief Execu-
tive of the Republic of Panama, which section reads as follows:
"Section 6. This order shall also be inoperative unless the proper Governmental
authorities of the Republic of Panama shall grant power to the authorities of the
Canal Zone to exercise immediate and complete jurisdiction in matters of sanitation
and quarantine in the maritime waters of the ports of Panama and Colon."
and Article I of Decree No. 66 of December 6, 1904, issued by the President of Panama,
agreeably to said Executive Order, and published in the Official Gazette No. 70, of
1904, which article reads as follows:
"Article I. The authorities of the Canal Zone are empowered to exercise freely,
immediate and complete jurisdiction in all matters of sanitation and quarantine in
the waters of the ports of Panama and Colon. In consequence, the authorities of the
Republic shall proceed in conformity with the provisions of this decree to the end
that these may be strictly complied with."
By virtue of the authority vested in me and in conformity with the foregoing treaty
provision and the Executive Order and Presidential Decree above mentioned, 1
hereby establish the following maritime quarantine regulations for the Canal Zone
and for the harbors of the cities of Panama and Colon, Republic of Panama:
BILLS OP HEALTH
Section 1. — Masters of vessels clearing from any foreign port or from any port in
the possessions or other dependencies of the United States for a port in the Canal Zone
or for the ports of Panama or Colon, Republic of Panama, must obtain an original
bill of health in duplicate from the officer or officers authorized by the quarantine
laws and regulations of the United States to sign such certificates for vessels entering
the ports of the United States.
The following form is prescribed for such bills of health:
Form No.
CANAL ZONE.
Original bill of health
I, (the person authorized to issue the bill, at the port of ), do hereby
state that the vessel hereinafter named clears from the port of under the fol-
lowing circumstances:
Name of vessel, . Nationality, . Rig, . Master, .
Tonnage, gross, ; net, . Iron or wood, . Number of compart-
ments for cargo, ; For steerage passengers, . For crew, .
Name of medical officer, .
Number of officers, ; of crew, including petty officers, ; of passengers,
first cabin, ; second cabin, ; steerage, . Officers' families, .
Total number of persons on board, .
Passengers destined for the Canal Zone or the city of Panama or Colon,
first cabin, second cabin, steerage.
Previous port, .
Number of cases of sickness, and character of same, during last voyage, .
Number of cases of sickness, and character of same, wliile vessel was in this port.
Vessel engaged in trade, and plies between and
Nature, sanitary history, and condition of cargo, .
Source and wholesomeness of water supply, .
Source and wholesomeness of food supply, .
Sanitary history and health of officers and crew, .
Sanitary history and health of passengers, cabin, .
Sanitary history and health of passengers, steerage, .
EXECUTIVE ORDERS.
627
Sanitary history and condition of their effects,
Location of vessel while in port — wharf,
shore, .
Time vessel was in port.
open bay,
distance from
Character of communication with shore, .
Sanitary condition of vessel, .
Sanitary measures, if any, adopted while in port, .
Sanitary condition of port and vicinity, .
Prevailing diseases at port and vicinity, .
Malaria, deaths during month of .
Number of cases and deaths From the following-named diseases during the past two
weeks, ending, — .
Diseases
Yellow fever
Asiatic cholera
Cholera nostras or cholerine
Smallpox
Typhus fever
Plague
Leprosy
Remarks.
Any condition affecting the public health existing in the port of departure or vicinity
to be here stated.
When there are no cases or deaths, entry to that effect must be made.
I certify that the vessel has complied with the Quarantine Rules and Regulations
made under the act of February 15, 1893, and that the vessel leaves this port bound
for , Canal Zone, or , Republic of Panama, via .
Given iinder my hand and seal this day of , 191-.
(seal)
(Signature of Consular Officer)
Section 2. — Vessels clearing from any foreign port or from any port in the possessions
or other dependencies of the United States for a port in the Canal Zone or for the port
of Panama or Colon, Republic of Panama, and entering or calling at intermediate
ports, must procure at all said ports a supplemental bill of health in duplicate, from
the officer or officers authorized by the quarantine laws and regulations of the United
States to sign such certificates for vessels entering the ports of the United States. If a
quarantinable disease has appeared on board the vessel after leaving the original
port of departure, or other circumstances presumably render the vessel infected, the
supplemental bill of health should be withheld until such sanitary measures have
been taken as are necessary.
The following form is prescribed for supplemental bills of health:
CANAL ZONE
Supplemental hill of health
Vessel
Panama.
bound from
to
Canal Zone, or
Port of
Republic of
Sanitary condition of port and vicinity ■
Prevailing diseases at port and vicinity
Malaria deaths during month of -
Number of cases and deaths from the following-named diseases during the past
two weeks, ending .
Diseases
No. of
No. of
deaths
Remarks. (Any condition affecting the public
health existing in the port to be stated here.
When there are no cases, or deaths, entry to
that effect must be made.)
Yellow fever
Asiatic cholera
Cholera nostras, or cholerine
Smallpox
Tvphus fever
Plague
Leprosy
Oi;b EEPOKT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Number and sanitary condition of passengers and crew landed at this port:
First cabin, No. — ■ — ■ — ■; sanitary history and condition, • ■ — ■.
Second cabin, No. — — ■ — •; sanitary history and condition, .
Steerage, No. ; sanitary history and condition, — ■ — ■ — .
Crew, No. — — — ; sanitary condition and history, ■ — .
Note.— If any passenger or member of crew disembarked on account of sickness,
state disease.
Number and sanitary condition of passengers and crew taken on at this port, and
sanitary condition of effects:
P^irst cabin. No. ■ — ; sanitary condition and history, .
Second cabin. No. ; sanitary condition and history, .
Steerage, No. — — — ■; sanitary condition and history,
Number of passengers for Canal Zone: first cabin, second cabin,
steerage.
Number of passengers for Republic of Panama: first cabin, second
cabin, steerage.
Crew, No. — — ^; sanitary condition and history, .
Sanitary condition of effects, — — — .
Total passengers on board, — ^ — ■; total crew on board, .
Sanitary measures, if any, adopted while in port.
Location of vessel while in port — ^whari, ; open bay, ; distance from
shore, — .
Time vessel was in port.
Character of communication with shore, ■ •.
Nature, sanitary history, and condition of cargo taken on at this port,
(Cancel Form A, B, or C, as the case requires.)
no quarantinable disease has appeared
aboard since leaving .
Form.
(Form A will be used at interme-
diate ports where the vessel does not
enter.)
A — To the best of my knowledge and be-
lief—
B — I have satisfied myself that —
C — Since leaving , the following quarantinable disease has appeared on board
, and I certify that the necessary sanitary measures have been taken.
I certify also that with reference to the passengers, effects, and cargo taken on at
this port, the vessel has complied with the rules and regulations made under the act
of February 15, 1893.
Given under my hand and seal this day of 191 — .
(Signature of consular officer:)
(seal) ,
Section 3. — The master of a vessel entering the ports of the Canal Zone or the ports
of Panama and Colon, Republic of Panama, from any port of the United States, must
present to the Quarantine Officer and to the Custom Officer of the Canal Zone, or his
authorized agent, each a bill of health signed by the customs ofiicer of the port of the
United States from which said vessel sails.
FOREIGN REGULATIONS.
Inspection of vessels from foreign ports and ports in the dependencies of the United States.
Section 4. — The officer issuing the bill of health shall satisfy himself, by inspection
if necessary, that the conditions certified to therein are true, and is authorized to
withhold the bill of health or the supplemental bill of health until he is satisfied that
the vessel, the passengers, the crew, and the cargo have complied with these regu-
lations.
Section 5. — Inspection is required of —
(a) All vessels from ports m which cholera, yellow fever, or plague in men or
rodents prevails, or at which smallpox or typhus fever prevails in epidemic form,
and at which a medical officer is detailed.
(b) All vessels caiTying steerage passengers; but need only include the inspection
of such passengers and their living apartments, if sailing from a healthful port.
(c) Inspection of the vessel is such an examination of the vessel, cargo, passengers,
crew, personal effects of same, including examination of manifests and other papers,
EXECUTIVE ORDERS. 629
food and water supply, the ascertainment of its relations with the shore, the manner
of loading and possibilities of invasion by rats and insects as will enable the inspecting
officer to determine if these regulations have been complied with.
(d) When an inspection is required, it should be made by daylight, as late as prac-
ticable before sailing. The vessel should be inspected before the passengers go
aboard, the passengers just before embarkation, and the crew on deck, and no com-
munication should be had with the vessel after such inspection except by permission
of the officer issuing the bill of health.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
Section 6. — Vessels, prior to stowing cargo or receiving passengers, should be
mechanically clean in all parts, especially the hold, forecastle and steerage.
Section 7. — Any portions of the vessel liable to have been infected by any com-
municable disease should be disinfected before the issuance of the bill of health.
Section 8. — Street sweepings, city cleanings, or anything containing organic refuse
should not be taken as ballast from any port.
Section 9. — Bedding, upholstered furniture, soiled wearing apparel, personal effects,
and secondhand ailicles of a similar nature, coming from a district known to be in-
fected with cholera, smallpox, typhus fever, or as to the origin of which no positive
evidence can be obtained, and which the consular or medical officer haa reason to
believe are infected, should be disinfected prior to shipment. In the case of typhus
fever, the destruction of vermin should be assiu-ed. Articles similar to the above-
mentioned, if from a district infected by plague, should be inspected, and, if neces-
sary,- disinfected and treated to destroy vermin.
Section 10. — Articles from an uninfected district shipped through an infected port
may be accepted without restriction if not exposed to infection in transit.
Section 11. — Any article shipped from or through an infected port or place, and wliich
the consul or medical officer has reason to believe infected, should be disinfected.
Section 12. — Any article presumably infected, which can not be disinfected, shoiild
not be shipped.
Section 13. — Passengers, for the purpose of these regulations, are divided into two
classes, cabin and steerage.^
Section 14. — So far as possible passengers should avoid embarking at a port where
quarantinable disease prevails, and communication between the vessel and the shore
should be reduced to a minimum. In such a port the personnel of the vessel should
remain on board during their stay.
Vessels can-ying passengers from any port where quarantinable disease prevails in
epidemic form should have a medical officer.
Section 15. — No person suffering from a quarantinable disease, or scarlet fever,
measles, diphtheria, or other communicable disease, should be allowed to ship.
Section 16. — All baggage of steerage passengers destined for the Canal Zone, or the
ports of Panama or Colon, Republic of Panama, should be labeled. If the baggage
is in good sanitary condition, the label shall be a red label bearing the name of the
port, the vessel on which the baggage is to be carried, the word "passed " in large type,
the date of inspection, and the seal or stamp of the consular or medical officer of the
United States. All baggage that has been disinfected shall bear a yellow label, upon
which shall be printed the name of the port, the vessel upon which the baggage is to
be carried, the word "disinfected" in large type, the date of disinfection, and the
seal or stamp of the consular or medical officer of the United States. It is understood,
and it will be so printed on the blank, that the label is not valid unless bearing the
consular or medical officer's stamp or seal.
Section 17. — Each steerage passenger shall be furnished with an inspection card as
follows. This card, stamped by the consular or medical officer, is to be issued to every
member of a family as well as to the head thereof, and shall be in the followiag form:
Inspection Card
(Immigrants and steerage passengers)
Port of departiu-e . Date of departure
Name of ship . Last permanent residence
Name of immigrant .
1 The sanitary measures applicable to second-cabin passengers will be those designated for first cabin
passengers or for steerage passengers, according as the arrangements of their quarters and accommodations
aboard, both sanitary and for association, class them in the opinion of the inspecting officer with the first
cabin or steerage.
630
EEPOET ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION.
Inspected and passed at
Passed at quarantine, port of
Canal Zone (or)
Vaccinated
(Seal or stamp of consular or
medical officer)
Republic of Panama
(Signature or stamp)
(Date)
(The following to be filled in by ship's surgeon or agent prior to or after embarkation.)
Ship's list or manifest . No. on ship's list or manifest .
Berth No.
Steamship inspection.
1st, 2 3 4 5 6 7
Days
10, 11, 12, 13, 14
To be punched by
ship's surgeon at
daily inspection.
Section 18. — Passengers and crews, merchandise and baggage, prior to shipment
at a noninfected port, but coming from an infected locality, should be subject to the
same restrictions as are imposed at an infected port.
Local inspection of vessels.
Section 19. — Vessels arriving at any of the ports of the Canal Zone or the cities of
Panama and Colon, Republic of Panama, under the following conditions, shall be
inspected by the quarantine officer of the port piior to entry:
(a) Vessels from the United States; (b) Vessels from foreign ports; (c) Vessels with
sickness aboard; (d) Vessels from Panamanian ports where any quarantinable disease
prevails; (e) Vessels from Panamanian ports carrying passengers or articles suspected
by the quarantine officer as being capable of conveying the infection of a transmissible
disease.
Section 20. — The limits of anchorage of vessels awaiting inspection and of vessels
undergoing quarantine, shall be fixed from time to time by the Chief Sanitary Officer
of the Canal Zone.
Section 21. — Every vessel subject to quarantine inspection shall be considered in
quarantine until granted free pratique, and such vessels shall fly a yellow flag from the
foremost head from sunrise to sunset and shall observe all the other requirements of
vessels actually quarantined.
Section 22.^ — The captain or master of a vessel in quarantine shall allow no commu-
nication with his vessel except as provided for in these regulations, nor shall any
water craft approach within 200 meters of any such vessel.
Section 23. — No person or article shall be allowed to leave a vessel in quarantine
without written authority from the quarantine officer.
Section 24. — Towboats, or any vessel or boat having had communication with a
vessel in quarantine shall be submitted, with their personnel, to such measures of
sanitation as the quarantine officer may judge to be necessary.
Section 25. — No peison, except such officers of the port as are required to do so by
the nature of their duties, and the agent of the vessel, if such agent has the consent
of the quarantine officer, shall go aboard any vessel subject to quarantine until such
vessel has been granted free pratique. Any person going aboard prior to the issuance
of free pratique shall be subject to the same restrictions as the personnel of the vessel
if, in the opinion of the quarantine officer, this is necessary for the protection of the
public health.
Section 26. — The quarantine officer, after his inspection of the vessel and its docu-
ments, shall decide whether said vessel, or its personnel, or passengeis, or any article
aboard said vessel is liable to convey any of the following diseases: plague, yellow
fever, cholera, small-pox, typhus fever or leprosy; and, if so, such vessel shall be
placed in quarantine and forbidden entry until the period of incubation of such dis-
eases is past, and he shall take such measures in respect to the vessel, its passengers
or personnel or cargo as, in his judgment, may be required to prevent the entry of
sucn diseases into the Canal Zone or the cities of Panama or Colon, Republic of Panama.
Section 27. — Passengers boarding vessels from ports subject to quarantine will be
required, in the discretion of the Chief Sanitary Officer of the Canal Zone, to present
personal ceitificates from the officer authorized by these regulations to sign bills of
health, certifying to their sanitary history and condition, provided due notice has been
issued to the agents of the steamship companies on the Isthmus of Panama.
EXECUTIVE ORDERS. 631
Section 28. — Every case of sickness aboard any vessel in the harbor shall be imme-
diately reported by the master of the vessel to the quarantine officer, who shall see
the case and take such sanitary measures as may be necessary.
Section 29. — The Cliief Quarantine Officer shall have charge of the sanitation of the
harbors and vessels lying therein and shall see that such measures are enforced as
are necessary for the proper hygiene of vessels, their cargoes, and their personnel,
whether in port or en route, and to prevent the vessels from being a source of danger
to other vessels or to the port, and he is authorized to certify bills of health to vessels
clearing from ports under his jurisdiction, setting forth in such bill of health the con-
ditions of the port, vessel, cargo, passengers, and crew; and is authorized at the request
of the master of any vessel to disinfect and otherwise place such vessel in a sanitary
condition so that it may leave the port in free pratique and be able to make entry
at the port of destination without further disinfection or detention in quarantine.
Section 30. — The quarantine officer shall make such charges for the disinfection of
vessels and theii' cargoes, and for the transportation and subsistence of passengers
while in quarantine as may be fixed from time to time by the Governor of the Canal
Zone.
Section 31. — A certificate from the quarantine officer that a vessel has complied
with all the quarantine regulations shall be required of every vessel subject to inspec-
tion, as a pre-requisite for customs entry or passage through the Canal.
Section 32. — Quarantine stations shall be established and maintained at such
places as may be decided upon by the Chief Sanitary Ofiicer of the Canal Zone, with
the approval of the Governor.
Persons detained in quarantine under these regulations shall not be permitted to
go outside the limits of the quarantine station until discharged therefrom by the
quarantine officer and if any such person shall leave the quarantine station without
being duly discharged therefrom he may be taken into custody by the quarantine
officers wherever found and returned to the quarantine station and, in addition, he
may be punished as hereinafter described.
No person except the Chief Sanitary Officer of the Panama Canal or his representa-
tive, the quarantine officers and employees and personnel of the station shall be per-
mitted to enter in or upon a quarantine station without permission from the Chief
Sanitary Officer or the Chief Quarantine Officer of the Panama Canal.
Section 33. — The Governor of the Panama Canal may establish from time to time
such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary to execute this order. ^
Section 34. — Any person violating any of the provisions of these regulations shall
be punished by a fine not exceeding $500.00, or by imprisonment in jail not exceeding
90 days, or both, at the discretion of the Court.
Section 35. — The medical officers of the Canal Zone, duly clothed with authority to act
as quarantine oflScers at any port or place within the Canal Zone and the ports of the
cities of Panama and Colon, Republic of Panama, and when performing the said
duties, are hereby authorized to administer oaths and take declarations thereunder
in matters relating to the administration of the quarantine laws and regulations of
the Canal Zone Government.
Section 36. — These regulations shall take effect from and after the date upon which
the Panama Canal is officially and formally opened for use and operation, by procla-
mation of the President of the United States.
WooDKOw Wilson
The White House,
15 April, 1913.
Executive Order No. 11.
Providing for trial hy jury in the Canal Zone.
Under authority vested in me by law, it is ordered:
1. In all criminal prosecutions in the Canal Zone for felonies, the accused shall enjoy the
right of trial by an impartial jury of the District in which the crime shall have been committed,
to be chosen as follows:^
2. The clerk of the circuit court, the district judge, and the tax collector ^ [deputy
collector of revenues^] for the administrative district within the circuit in which the
crime shall have been committed, shall constitute a jury commission for that circuit.
In the second judicial district, the district judge and the tax collector ^ [deputy collector
of revenues ^] to be members of the jury commission shall be designated by the circuit
1 Reads as amended by Executive Order dated June 30, 1913, to take efiect on and after July 4, 1913.
» Reads as amended by Executive Order of March 31, 1908.
3 Office of District Tax Collector abolished, and office of Deputy Collector of Revenues created by Execu-
tive Order of October 4, 1910. (C. Z. No. 32.)
632 REPORT ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMlSSlOlT.
judge, upon tluB order becoming effective and annually thereafter, or as often as a
vacancy may occur in the jury commission.
3. Prior to the first day of the term of any circuit court, up)on application of the
prosecuting attorney, or by direction of the judge of the circuit in which the crime
shall have been committed, the jury commission shall assemble and select the names
of sixty male residents of the Canal Zone, between the ages of 21 and 65 years, in good
standing and in full possession of their ordinary faculties, who shall have resided within
the Canal Zone for not less than three months previously, and who shall be able to read,
write, and understand the English language.
Attorney s-at-law, physicians, ministers of an established religion, members of the
military, naval, and police forces, and officers of the Commission of the rank and above
the rank of resident engineers, shall be exempt from jury service. The names of the
persons so selected shall be written by one of the commissioners upon slips of paper,
folded so as to conceal the names, in a uniform manner, and placed in a jury box.
4. Upon the first day of the term, unless an adjournment of the trial beyond the term
shall be granted, the judge shall select from the jury box the names of thirty jurors to
constitute the panel for the trial of the defendant. The said jurors shall thereupon
be summoned by a written notice, served upon them by the marshal of the court, to
attend at the trial of the defendant upon a day named. If it appear that any of the
jurors whose names have been selected are absent from the Canal Zone, or incapaci-
tated from other cause from attending as jurors, the judge, upon the application of the
marshal, shall draw the names of other jurors and direct their simimons imtil a panel
of thirty jurors shall be assembled.
5. Upon calling the case for trial, twelve jurors shall be called to try the defendant
in the order in which their names shall have been first drawn for summons by the cir-
cuit judge. Either side shall have the right to challenge any juror for cause, and, in
addition thereto, the defendant and prosecuting attomej^ shall each have the right to
challenge arbitrarily six of the said jurors. If the original panel of thirty shall be
exhausted without securing twelve impartial jurors to try the defendant, the names of
other jurors shall be drawn by the circuit judge from the jiiry box and such jurors
etimmoned until the jury shall have been completed.
6. The jury so selected shall, under the instructions of the court, and in conformity
with the procedure prevailing in the Federal Courts of the United States, determine
whether, under the facts as proved, the defendant is guilty or not guilty. They shall
conduct their deliberations in secret, and shall return a verdict of guilty or not guilty,
which must be unanimous. Sentence shall be pronounced by the court.
7. The circuit judge shall have the discretion to require the jury to be kept together
and apart from the public from the time they are sworn until their verdict shall be
returned. If they be kept together, suitable provision shall be made by the marshal
of the court for their subsistence and lodging. The jurors shall be allowed a jury fee
of two dollars for each day actually summoned to court and engaged in the trial of a
criminal action. The cost of subsistence and lodging of the jurors and the fees for the
jurors' attendance shall be paid from the Treasury of the Canal Zone, upon a voucher
duly approved by the circuit judge.
8. It shall in all cases be optional with defendants to be tried before a jury as pro-
vided for in this order, or under the procedure prescribed in Section 171, Act No. 15 of
the Laws of the Canal Zone . The accused shall , however, in person or through his attor-
ney, file a written statement with the clerk of the circuit court before which his trial
is to take place, on the first day of the term for which the trial is set, stating the proced-
ure by which hedesires to be tried. The procedure having been once selected by the
accused can not thereafter be changed, but must be followed with respect to any
future trial of the accused for the same offense.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
The White House,
February 6, 1908.
Appendix V.
CHARTS SHOWING ORGANIZATION OF ISTHMIAN CANAL
COMMISSION AND PANAMA RAILROAD CO., JULY, 1912.
Index.
(For plates, see portfolio.)
ISTHMIAN OFFICES.
Plate,
General organization 124
OflBce force of the chairman and chief engineer 125
Assistant chief engineer 125
Assistant to the chief engineer 125
First division of chief engineer 's office 126
Second division of chief engineer's office 127
Central division 128
Atlantic division 129
Fifth division of chief engineer's office 130
Sixth division of chief engineer's office 131
Secretary of the commission 131
Mechanical division 132
Chief quartermaster 133
Subsistence officer 134
Civil administration 135
Chief sanitary officer 136
Disbursing officer 137
Examiner of accounts 137
Department of law 137
Panama Railroad Co. (including New York offices) 138
WASHINGTON OFFICE.
General purchasing officer 139
633
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