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Trenton, N. j. 03b3
3 3009 00031 9295
n T^''* .'3
Do Nol lU>iViOva From L.Drary
Document No. 31.
ANNUAL I^EPORT
BOAED OF EDUCATION
AND OF THE
Superintendent of Public Instruction
OF NEW JERSEY,
WITH ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS,
For the School Year ending June 30th, 1894.
Co ^'ot ne;:>ov3 From Lib'ar
MEMBKRS.
OF THE
STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION.
1894.
OEORGE A. FREY, Camden.
BOND V. THOMAS,
SILAS R. MORSE, .
J. BINGHAM WOODWARD,
T. FRANK APPLEBY, .
JAMES DESHLER,
STEPHEN C. LARISON,
STEPHEN PIERSON, M.D.,
NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER
JOSEPH P. COOPER, .
JAMES L. HAYS, .
JAMES M. SEYMOUR,
WILLIAM R. BARRICKLO, .
EVAN STEADMAN, M.D., .
BENJAMIN H. CAMPBELL, .
JAMES OWEN, .
Millville.
Atlantic City.
Bordentown.
Asbury Park.
New Brunswick.
Hackettstown.
Morristown.
Paterson.
Rutherford.
Newark.
Newark.
Jersey City.
Hoboken.
Elizabeth.
Montclair.
OFFICERS.
President— JAMES L. HAYS.
Vice President— NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER.
State Superintendent and (ex-officio) Sec'y— ADDISON B. POLAND.
Deputy State Superintendent— J. BROGNARD BETTS.
Treasurer of Normal School— J. BINGHAM WOODWARD.
Treasurer of Deaf-Mute School— WILLIAM S. HANCOCK.
COMMITTEE ON FINANCE AND AUDITING.
WILLIAM R. BARRICKLO,
GEORGE A. FREY,
BOND V. THOMAS.
EVAN STEADMAN,
JAMES OWEN,
COMMITTEE ON GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS.
J. BINGHAM WOODWARD,
JAMES M. SEYMOUR,
JAMES
GEORGE A. FREY,
WILLIAM R. BARRICKLO.
DESHLER.
COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION.
NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER, JAMES OWEN,
STEPHEN PIERSON, WILLIAM R. BARRICKLO,
BENJAMIN H. CAMPBELL.
COMMITTEE ON SCHOOL CENSUS AND APPORTIONMENT
OF SCHOOL MONEYS.
S. R. MORSE, T. FRANK APPLEBY,
JOSEPH P. COOPER, STEPHEN PIERSON,
STEPHEN C. LARISON.
(3)
REPORT
OF THE
STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION.
To the Honorable the Senate and General Assembly of the State of
New Jersey:
As required by law, the State Board of Education submits its
annual report for the school year ending June 30th, 1894
The report of the Department of Public Instruction herewith
transmitted contains full statistics of the working of the public
school system for the past year.
The reserve fund, being ten per cent, of the amount of the State
school tax, was apportioned on the 3d day of April, 1894, as follows :
Atlantic County $3 g^g ^g
gergen " ^696 99
Burlington " ^f.^ H
g^Say :; ••••'••'••••••• ^^;^o^ ^1
Overland;; i:::::::::::::::::::::::::-::::::::::;::;:::;:::: 1^11
^1 , ,, - 43,854 59
Gloucester " .' . „.
Hudson " 4,U»f) Zl
^'T"^. a 39,05c« 26
Huftterdon " o'o^q «q
Mercer " ' '^^
Middlesex " .■.'.■.''.'.*;::;:;;;;;:;;;;: ^\fil^^
Monmouth " 71700^
Morris " ^'^'^ ^^
Ocean " ^'^72 33
Passair « ^'^^^ ^^
Salem - ::;:::; 13,68860
Se" " 2,709 56
Warren « 9,283 88
^^"®° 5,240 09
(5)
6 SCHOOL KEPORT.
By the above apportionment the counties of Bergen, Burlington^^
Camden, Gloucester, Hudson, Mercer, Middlesex, Morris, Passaic,
Union and Warren received the full amount of tax raised by them
respectively. There was taken from Atlantic county the sum of
$1,000; from Essex, $4,675; from Hunterdon, $2,162; from Mon-
mouth, $4,800; from Salem, $200; and from Somerset, $2,075;
making a total of $14,912, of which amount $142 was given to Cape
May county, $3,212 was given to Cumberland county, $6,487 to
Ocean county, and $5,071 to Sussex county.
The following superintendents were appointed during the year :
Bergen, John Terhune, re-appointed ; Essex, Elmer C. Sherman,
vice M. H. C. Vail; Hudson, George C. Houghton, re- appointed ;
Monmouth, John Enright, vice Samuel Lockwood, deceased j
Morris, Martin L. Cox, vice James O. Cooper ; Passaic, James D.
Donnell, vice Alex. Elliott, Jr., and Salem, Robert Gwynne, Jr.,
re-appointed.
JAMES L. HAYS,
President.
State of New Jersey, ' "j
Department of Public Instruction, I
Trenton, December 5th, 1894. J
To the State Board of Education :
Gentlemen — In compliance with the requirements of the School
law, I have the honor to submit herewith my third annual report as
State Superintendent of Public Instruction, the same being for the
school year ending June 30th, 1894.
ADDISON B. POLAND,
' on-
State Superintendent. UipU
i"^) ose of
.cdaries
8 school
George P.
patience and
the past two
<3t, will be more
.1 re-orgfraization
he following ends :
e the cost of main-
^payer.
ader one and the same
_, and supervision,
.ties into the same taxing
iing good schools.
(9)
ANNUAL REPORT.
Since the adoption of the General School act of 1871, twenty-
three years ago, no other succeeding year has witnessed so many nor
so vital changes in the organic school law of the State as the year
just closed.
Chief among the many important changes effected by the legisla-
tion of this year are the following :
The Township School act.
The Free Text- book act.
^ The Temperance Instruction act.
The re- organization of the State School Board.
The restoring riparian moneys to the Sta'^e School Fund.
In all some twenty- one bills designed to modify to a greater or less
extent the organization and administration of the schools of the State,
were passed by the Legislature of 1894. It may safely be said that
no Legislature for a quarter of a century has considered more care-
fully all matters affecting the educational interests of the State ; and
no Legislature for a quarter of a century has done more to uplift the
schools of the State and place them upon a basis of permanent growth
^and efficiency.
Foremost among the many measures intended to improve the con-
dition of the schools was the so-called "township" act, which
abolished all the existing school districts in the State, except those of
cities and boroughs, and provided that the township boundaries
should hereafter be the dividing lines between contiguous school
districts..
This measure was introduced in the Aseemby by Hon. George P.
Olcott, of East Orange, to whose indefatigable industry, patience and
fidelity its final passage is largely attributable.
I doubt whether any legislative enactment during the past two
decades, whatever its subject-matter or its avowed object, will^^be more
far reaching and productive of good than this radical re-org ^ization
of the State school system upon the township basis.
The chief object of this measure was to effect the following ends :
1. By enlargement of school districts, to make the cost of main-
taining good schools considerably less to each taxpayer.
2. By bringing a large number of schools under one and the same
jurisdiction, to make possible effective grading and supervision.
3. By throwing rural and village communities into the same taxing
district, to equalize the burdens of maintaining good schools.
(9)
10 SCHOOL EEPORT.
1. By makirg all the schools of a township free to all the resident
children of a township, to afford equal school privileges to all.
5. By making the school trustee a township officer, to create
governing school boards who should take a broader and more
enlightened view of the purpose, scope and results of public school
education.
It was not a hastily- devised nor an ill-considered measure. The
experience of a dozen or more States that had taken the step in
advance of New Jersey was appealed to for guidance.
It was found that no State which had abolished its district system
and had substituted the township system therefor was dissatisfied with
the change. On the contrary, the testimony of all such States was
uniformly and unequivocally favorable to the township system.
In fact, the question of the township vs. the school district as the
natural geographical division for educational purposes had been
studied and discussed so generally throughout the country during the
past twenty- five years or more that opinion had become crystallized.
Scores of opinions of the most competent educational experts were
laboriously collected by the State Superintendent, and all were found
to be in accord ; there were actually no dissenting voices to be heard
anywhere, hence the promoters of the change felt assured that they
were incurring no risk of disorganizing the school system of the State
by advocating the township plan, but were recommending a system
which in its general features would command the unqualified approval
of all intelligent and right-minded citizens.
It was to be expected, however, that the first operation of the new
law would result in more or less misunderstanding and friction. It
could not be avoided. The change might indeed work a temporary
hardship in not a few communities, especially where district lines
could not well follow township lines under existing conditions of
population and settlement. It was believed, however, that a remedy
might be easily devised for these specific cases of hardship. The
greatest difficulty to be overcome arose where the township lines cut
a district in two, leaving the children, or a considerable part of them,
on ori*i side and the school building upon the other. Several methods
to meet this objection had been tried in other States, but none seemed
to be wholly satisfactory. As a temporary expedient and until a
permanJt plan could be devised to meet the difficulty, county
superiuL'.ndents were authorized in their discretion to transfer pupils
to the nearest school. It was believed that this would obviate any
immediate hardship, and affiard an opportunity to consider carefully
the best plan for permanent relief. After a careful study of the
situation I would recommend that the next Legislature be asked to
enact a law enabling boards of education of adjacent townships to
create special lines where the same are actually needed. These lines
should be temporary, say for three years only, when they should be
subject to revision. By this means the advantages of the township
/
/
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. It
system will be secured and all the hardships incident thereto avoided^
With this amendment nine-tenths of all the opposition to the town-
ship law will cease. I am not aware that this method has been tried
elsewhere, but I believe it will prove entirely satisfactory. The
manner of appraising the property of school districts and covering^
the same back to the taxpayers of the old districts by remitting one-
tenth each year has been quite generally accepted as a just and
equitable disposition of this perplexing question. I would beg to
suggest, however, that three or five years would be quite as accept-
able as ten years in which to make these adjustments. The shorter
period has this advantage, also, that it sooner obliterates the recollec-
tion of the old district dividing lines. In some other details, especially
concerning method of appraisement and disbursement, the act should
state in somewhat clearer language the mode of its operation and
enforcement. Other changes in the township law of a minor sort
will doubtless be found desirable.
It is no reflection, however, upon those who were responsible for
the act of 1894 that it is not altogether perfect. It is true of all
legislation that no man or body of men can devise a perfect system at
a single eflPort ; if it were otherwise there would be no need of annual,
nor indeed of biennial, Legislatures to remedy old laws and enact new.
Experience of the actual operation of a law is the surest and in
fact the only test by which its merits and defects can be ascertained.
The wonder, therefore, is not that the Legislature of 1894 failed to
devise a system of school organization complete in all its details, but
rather that the system inaugurated is so remarkably free from objec-
tions that it will require comparatively slight amendment in order to
make its operation entirely satisfactory.
That the repeal of the Township law should be earnestly and
honestly sought for by many is not to be wondered at in the least.
Accustomed by long use to a system so diametrically opposed, familiar
with the minutest details of the old, it was to be expected that a large
minority, if not indeed a majority, should for a while at least look
upon the tearing down of the old idols as scarcely less than sacrilege.
With a better knowledge of the advantages of the new system, to be
had only by trial and study, these same unfriendly critics may be
expected to become the warmest friends of the new order. Why ?'
Because the very intensity of their opposition shows a love for good
schools and a determination to secure them. It is not, as a rule, dis-
like of innovation — except in rare cases, as, for instance, where school
trustees of many years' standing are ousted by their neighbors from
further control — but an honest fear that the schools will be injured,
which has prompted the misguided opposition of many. I am satis-
fied, therefore, that a better knowledge of the beneficent operation of
the law — assuming that it be an improvement upon the old, as it
unquestionably will show itself to be on due trial — will cause most or
this opposition to vanish like a cloud at sunrise. Indeed, opposition-
will change to admiration. Improvements, as for instance better
12
SCHOOL REPORT.
roads, may be a long time coming ; but no people when once con-
vinced of the utility of any alleged improvements will cling to them
more tenaciously or push them more eflPectively than the intelligent
and progressive people of New Jersey.
Hence it is I feel confident in affirming that the State of New
Jersey will never permit the repeal of the Township School act of
1894 until after due trial and admitted failure. The due trial is now
being had, a failure the law cannot be.
I desire, therefore, to repeat that all who contributed to the
re- organization of the State school system should be abundantly
satisfied with their labors. The passage of the Olcott School bill of
1894 will stand for years to come as one of the epochs in the school
history of New Jersey.
So far as the State department contributed in any degrea to secure
this advanced school legislation it will gladly assume the responsi-
bility. Years of routine service at the head of a great State school
system could not give me the pleased satisfaction that T feel in having
assisted in this one great educational uplift.
SOME CHANGES EFFECTED BY TOWNSHIP ACT.
If any further argument were needed to show the desirableness,
not to say necessity of the Township School act, it will be found
an the following summary of districts which under the old system
had too few pupils either to grade or to instruct economically :
3J
>.
3
«
-s
>
4)
>
c
Z
o
<y
e
^
COUNTIES.
dj
^
a
i2
C
^
o
?.
>
•■a
C/
t2
a
«
!S
o
c3
5
S
a
i'
>.
>,
>.
JS
gg
s
C
if
2
s
o
J
H
Pb
^
H
H
f-
b
ij
Atlantic
1
2
1
2
3
3
2
2
16
1
6
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
4
1
I
19
7
1
2
10
Cumberland
1
1
?
5
3
2
14
1
2
1
5
2
1
2
5
15
1
Hunterdon
1
1
2
1
6
5
8
2^
1
3
1
5
1
2
1
3
10
1
1
1
3
5
13
1
2
3
2
3
1
1
4
1
4
3
6
5
1
1
1
2
2
3
18
14
4
1
5
2
13
Somerset
'
14
-Sussex
1
1
3
12
12
9
''
5
50
1
2
4
40
9
73
7
6
51
1 29
7
7
Total
17
28
55
1 278
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
m
From the above it appears that just prior to the adoption of the
Township act there were 7 districts having each less than 10 resident
children of school age. It is fair to assume that the average enroll-
ment in these 7 schools was not more than six or seven pupils, and the
average attendance not more than 5 pupils. For the education of
these 5 pupils the State under the old law would have paid $270 per
annum, that is, $54 per child. Surely this cannot be considered
economy ; for the average cost per child for the State at large, for
the year of this report, was only $18.12. There were 7 districts, also
having betweea 10 and 15 children of school age; 17 districts having
between 15 and 20; 28 districts having been 20 and 25; in all, 27t^
districts having each less than 45 children of school age.
Inasmuch as not more than 60 per cent, of the children of school
age (5 to 18 years) attend school, the following table has been pre-
pared to show the number of small districts based upon actual enroll-
ment of pupils :
Atlantic
Bergen
Burlington . .
Camden
.Cape May ....
Cumberland-
Essex
Gloucester...
Hudson
Hunterdon....
Mercer
Middlesex... .
Monmouth....
Morris
Ocean
Passaic
Salem
Somerset
Sussex
Union
Warren
Total..
CODNTIES.
11 17
172 I 221
12
2
7
12
4
11
From the above it appears that 86 districts under the old law
enrolled less than 10 pupils each. What wastefulness of public
school money e ! One hundred and seventy- two districts enrolled
between 10 and 15 pupils; 221 districts, between 15 and 20 pupils;
14
SCHOOL REPORT.
in all, 479 school districts enrolled less than 20 pupils each ; 161
additional districts enrolled less than 25 pupils each.
In the following table will be found the number of districts having
less than 10, less than 15, &c., pupils in actual average attendance :
tc
u
>>
>>
a
c
c
a
•a
a
C
■a
•O
COUNTIES.
tc
c ■
05
a
CC
s
a
h-
>i
c
93
a
1
a
3>
0)
w
«
tf
s
CS
s
a
e
a
tn
is
S
^
&
(U
a;
11
^
M
n
P3
M
4
4
1
3
"Bergen
1
2
2
i}
g
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Cumberland
1
4
i
""3 "
•Gloucester
3
Hunterdon
1
1
3
14
Mercei
1
1
I
7
Middlesex
1
6
4
Monmouth
3
4
2
Morris
1
2
n
5
9
2
2
5
4
4
Salem....
3
2
Somerset
5
6
4
9
11
16
2
1
6
Total
6
18
37
53
95
Facts such as these prove conclusively the necessity of legislation
to enable consolidation of small districts that are contiguous. Under
the old system these small districts were likely to remain separate for
an indefinite period if not forever ; under the Township act they will
be united wherever the same can be done advantageously. Isolation
was the fundamental principle of the old system ; union that of the
new. In union there is strength.
No one factor has cut so large a figure in the remarkable industrial
progress of the last twenty- five years as that of combination and
co-operation. Witness it in the large manufacturing and commercial
enterprises of the present day ; witness it in the unions of various
kinds to control labor and production.
It would be surprising if with our eyes wide open to what is going
on around us in the industrial world, we should fail to catch the
spirit of the times, and hence not be able to utilize it in the improve-
ment of public school education.
EEPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 15
FREE TEXT-BOOKS.
Next in importance to the Township act is the Free Text-book act
passed by the same Legislature, but as a separate measure from the
Township act. Hereafter no child will be cut off from the advan-
tages of an education because of its cost. Heretofore each district has
provided at public expense land, buildings, furniture, equipment and
instruction, but text-books and ordinary school supplies have remained
a tax upon the individual ; the only remaining impediment to making
the schools absolutely free. This last obstacle has now been removed.
Hereafter the whole cost of educating its children and youth will be
assumed by the district. This is consistent ; it is just; it is right.
By no process of correct reasoning can taxation by the State for
buildings and instruction be justified that will not also justify the
supplying of text-books and supplies at public cost.
It is still too early to appreciate to its full extent the benefits to
be derived from this measure ; certain it is, however, that the act
though temporarily unpopular will eventually be looked upon as
among the wisest of the many excellent features of our improved
State school system. Among the advantages of supplying text-books
at public expense are the following :
1. Greater economy, since books purchased at wholesale can be
supplied at a less cost.
2. All pupils will be supplied with the same kind of books, there-
by facilitating the organization of classes and enabling more syste-
matic grading and instruction.
8. The transfer of pupils from one school to another without the
expense of purchasing new books.
4. The saving of a great deal of time now lost at the beginning of
a school term, and on the occasion of promotions, by reason of the
delay of pupils in purchasing their own books.
6. The use of books under proper care and restrictions until the
same are fully worn out ; i. e. extending the life of a book almost
twofold.
The objections to district ownership and supply of books are these :
1. The loss to pupils, whatever it may be, of a sense of ownership
and the possession of his books after leaving school.
2. The danger of contagion by the use of infected books.
The answer to the first objection is this : That the habit acquired
of careful usage of trust property will fully oflPset any sentimental
gain arising from a sense of personal ownership. Indeed, the supply
of free books does not prevent pupils from owning their own if they
16
SCHOOL REPORT.
so desire. To the second objection it may be replied that the chances
of contagion from books are much less than from the bodies and clothing
of seatmates and other pupils. Of course due care should always be
taken to disinfect or destroy all books that have been used under cir-
cumstances that render them at all dangerous as carriers of contagious
disease. The means for thorough disinfection now employed are so
numerous and well known that boards may safely be trusted to use
the necessary precautions.
In order to show the number of school districts in the State where
provision had already been made prior to the passage of the Free
Text-book act, the following table has been prepared :
Atlantic
Bergen
Burlington....
Camden
Cape May ...
Cumberland..
Essex.
Gloucester. ...
Hudson
Hunterdon....
Mercer..
Middlesex
Monmouth....
Morris
Ocean
Passaic
Palera
Somerset
Sussex
Union
Warren.
COUNTIES.
Total .
3 V
SS
Sa
20
28
28
52
7
lOO
13
34
16
20
11
52
33
24
41
15
2
105
55
3
76
8
107
7
101
3
55
2
39
1
67
3
68
2
97
20
4
2
87
It will be seen by the foregoing that 220 of the 1,408, or about
one sixth of the school districts have already made provision to supply
pupils with free text- books.
The two most populous counties, Essex and Hudson, contain no
districts not already making such provision tor free text- books.
Those counties making the poorest showing are : Salem, one dis-
trict only; Hunterdon, Sussex and Warren, two districts each;
Middlesex, Oceau and Somerset, three districts each. Burlington and
Morris do better, showing seven districts each ; Monmouth, shows
eight districts, and Union county shows only four districts not
already supplying free text- books.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 17
Of course the immediate operation of the Free Text-book act will
bear hardest upon those counties which up to the present time have
made the least provision.
These counties, however, are in the main the least populous, so that
we may congratulate ourselves that the Free Text-book act has been so
largely anticipated that its operation will give rise to the minimum
amount of inconvenience and additional expense.
After the benefits of the Free Text-book act have been enjoyed for
a full year, I shall expect to be able to record a number of important
and interesting facts due to its operation.
It may be a little early to predict with accuracy, but I anticipate a
gain in registration of at least three to five per cent, and a still
larger increase in average attendance; this gain being in excess of
that naturally arising from year to year due to increasing population
and greater school accommodations.
The advantages to be derived from uniformity of text- books, namely,
the ability of the teacher to organize and instruct classes on the very
first day of the term, &c., will not appear in statistical percentages,
but are none the less real and important.
TEMPERA^'CE INSTRUCTION ACT.
During the last session of the Legislature an act was passed requir-
ing all schools supported wholly or in part at State expense to give
instruction in the nature and effects of alcoholic stimulants and
narcotics. As was to be expected, this law met with no little opposi-
tion on the part of many. The objections raised were numerous, of
which the following are chief:
1. That instruction of this sort, if necessary, may best be left to
the pupils' parents.
2. That there is danger of formal text-book study making the
subject of temperance obnoxious to pupils, and hence of producing
the counter effect to the one desired.
3. That the State is going beyond its appropriate function in pre-
scribing and enforcing such instruction.
4. That the enforced purchase and supply of books impose an
unnecessary burden upon the taxpayers.
Despite, however, all objections that were raised, the majority of
districts readily acquiesced in the law, and took steps at once to carry
out its provision.
There can be no doubt that the most f flPective means of counter-
acting any widespread social evil is to be found in judicious and
timely instruction of the young. Whether this instruction f-hould be
given at home or at school will depend upon several considerations,
18
SCHOOL REPORT.
as, whether parents are competent and willing to instruct, and
whether parental instruction will be as effective in the majority of
cases as school instruction.
If the State could be assured that all children would receive at
home, or outside the school, the kind and amount of instruction
needed to make them good and temperate citizens, then the school
might safely be relieved of this duty. It is, however, a fact patent
to every intelligent observer that a considerable number of children
in every community do not receive at home any adequate hygienic
instruction, especially in respect to the nature of alcoholic stimulants
and their physiological effects. Instruction as to the immorality and
grossness of intemperance is important and should not be omitted,
but instruction as to the injurious physical effects upon the organs
and functions of the body, is needed to impress children with the
undesirableness of acquiring the alcoholic or narcotic habit. This
phase of instruction is particularly adapted to the school in connec-
tion with the study of general physiology and hygiene.
The objection that such teaching will make temperate living
obnoxious to pupils is not worth considering. If it were granted,
then all text-book study that bears any relation to the life and habits
of pupils would be dangerous.
The last objection, namely, that the enforced purchase of text-
books imposes an unnecessary burden upon the taxpayers is the only
real cause for complaint.
It is not impossible that the law goes too far in prescribing that
books should be used in all grades. It would satisfy all the ends
sought for if instruction by text- book were confined to one or two
years of the school course.
Of the remaining bills that became laws during the last session of
the Legislature, all, without exception, may fairly be expected to add
to the efficiency of our State school system.
I beg now to call your attention to several summaries that recite
in condensed form the principal facts concerning the schools of the
State for the year of this report :
G-ENERAL SUMMARY— TABLE A.
CTJ
1893-94.
o
u
Ht-O
$10,374,218 00
240,948 00
240,588
151,273
(■ 9 months,
1 10 days.
737
4,131
$79 99
47 73
$11,751,222 00
249,844
264,507
168,944
9 months,
8 davs.
730
4,344
J79 84
45 49
$1,377,004 00 increase.
8,896 increase.
14,919 Increase.
7,671 increase.
j 2 days' decrease.
7 decrease.
Number of chiidreu the school-houses will
Wumber of children enrollod in the pulilic
Average attendance upon the public schools
Number of male teachers
Average salary per month paid to male teachers.
Average salary per month paid to female teach-
ers
$0 15 decrease.
2 24 decrease.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 19
It will be seen by the foregoing that the total value of school
property increased during the years 1893-94, nearly one and one-half
millions of dollars. This is more than three times as great an
increase as that of the year preceding. The number of pupils the
school-houses will accommodate shows an increase of 8,896 as against
an increase of 5,109 for the year preceding, a gain of nearly one-third.
The number of pupils enrolled shows a still greater gain of 14,919 as
against 6,334 for the year before. The average attendance increased
ako 7,671. The gain for the preceding year was only 704. All
these facts go to show that the schools are not only keeping fully
abreast with the growth of the State in population, but are progress-
ing even faster than formerly.
The average time the schools were kept open shows the small fall-
ing off of two days only. There has been for some years past,
especially in cities, a disposition to shorten the school year by
lengthening the midyear vacation so as to avoid the very warm
weather of the summer months. I doubt whether it is advisable to
make the school year of any shorter duration. With the improved
sanitary condition of our school buildings and the greater attention
bestowed by teachers upon the health of pupils, it is quite within the
truth to claim that the school is even more healthful than the average
city home.
The number of teachers shows a net increase of 206. It should be
observed that the number of male teachers is still falling off, a fact to
be accounted for by the increasing competition of well-educated and
qualified women in the higher grades.
The decrease of .15 in the average monthly salary paid to men
would hardly deserve comment except for the fact that the year has
been one of unusual business depression, when an even greater
decrease might have been expected. The increase of $2.24 in the
average monthly salary paid to women is small, only about one-half
of the gain recorded for the preceding year. Still it is gratifying to
know that the tendency is upward. With the recovery in the busi-
ness prosperity of the country the increase in teachers' salaries may
be expected to be sure and rapid.
Below will be found a summarized statement of the receipts of
school funds for the year 1893-94 :
20
SCHOOL REPORT.
GENBRALi SUMMARY— TABLES B.
RECEIPTS.
Amount appropriated from income of State school
fund
Amount of State tax
Amount of district and city tax
Amount apportioned by counties for salaries and
expenses of county superintendents
Amount of interest of surplus revenue
Amount of town.ship school tax
Amount raised in districts for manual tmiuing..
Amount received from sale of district school bonds.
Amount raised in districts for free school libraries..
Amount raised in counties for teachers' libraries....
$219,280 96
2,251,700 00
1,40.5,164 78
28,490 57
31,525 86
13,202 50
13,148 55
413,915 00
7,769 57
50 00
?250,169 91
2,026,110 00
1,621,350 16
28,439 29
28,285 77
74,245 83
19,512 34
90,565 17
3,650 00
50 00
11
$30,8^8 95 increase.
225,590 00 decrease.
216,185 38 increase.
51 28 decrease.
3,240 09 decrease.
61,043 33 increase.
6,363 79 increase.
323,349 83 decrease.
4,139 57 decrease.
The whole amount appropriated from the income of the State
School Fund for the year 1893-94 was $250,169.91, a gain of
$30,888.95.
The State school tax, which is fixed at $5 per capita upon all per-
sons between the ages of five and eighteen years inclusive, shows the
extraordinary decrease of nearly a quarter of a million of dollars.
This remarkable decrease is due wholly to the smaller number of
children of school age as shown by the census of the year preceding,,
about 50,000. Such wide fluctuations in school census seem unavoid-
able. The difficulty consists, however, in securing reliable enumerators.
So far from there being a loss of 50,000 children of school age, it is
probable that there was in fact an actual gain for the year 1893-94,
a gain proportionate to the gain in adult population.
The unfortunate feature is that the number of pupils enrolled and
taught in the schools was larger by several thousand than for the year
preceding, but the amount of money available for their education a
quarter of a million less. This shows conclusively the disadvantage
of basing the State school tax upon the annual census of children of
school age. If based upon the average number of pupils enrolled, or
better still upon the average attendance of pupils, no such wide and
unfortunate variations would occur. The records of enrollment and
attendance carefully made by the teachers during the year are far
more reliable tihan the statistics of school population collected by
census enumerators who are gathering names chiefly for the profit
there is in it. A conscientious enumerator will take the trouble to
collect accurate statistics ; but all enumerators are not conscientious.
The chief suiFerers from a deficient census are the children, whose
educational advantages are abridged. The apparent saving of a
quarter of a million of dollars in State tax is a real loss ; it is so
much taken from the education of our children who can ill afford it.
It is pleasant, however, to note that the district and city tax in-
creased for the year $216,185.38, or nearly as much as the State tax
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
21
lost. The deficiency, therefore, in the State tax seems to have been
nearly made up by local taxation. Last year the local school tax
showed a decrease of $47,283.22.
The amount of township school tax shows an increase of $61,043.33
as against a decrease for the year preceding of $38,907.27. It will be
seen, therefore, that any reduction in the amount of moneys raised by
State tax requires to be oflfset by local taxation. It would be far more
satisfactory to the taxpayers if the amount received from the State
were more uniform from year to year.
The amount raised by the districts for manual training increased
:$6,363.79, showing a healthy growth of this new and valuable feature
of school training. It has been the policy of the State department
not to push the introduction of manual training into the schools of
the State any faster than communities became educated to its undoubted
value and importance.
From the sale of district school bonds less was realized by nearly
one-third of a million of dollars than during the year preceding.
The decrease of $4,139 57 in the amount raised for district school
libraries also deserves mention. It can be accounted for only upon
the supposition that the business depression of the year has been seri-
ously felt among those who are wont to make jiberal contributions for
■this increase of the school libraries of their districts.
Below will be found another summary showing the disbursements
for schools during the year 1893-94 :
GENERAL SUMMARY— TABLE C.
DISBUESEMENTS.
_A-inount expended for teachers' salaries
Amount expended for fuel and light
Amount expended by school districts for inci-
dentals
Amount expended for building and repairing
school-houses
Amount expended for manual training
Amount expended for school libraries
Amount expended for teachers' libraries
Amount expended for State geological maps for
schools
Amount of expenses of State Board of Education.
Amount of expenses of Deimrtment of Public
Instruction
Amount of expenses of school fund
Amount expended for salaries of county super-
intendents
Amount expended for expenses of county super-
intendents
Amount expended for school-house plans
Amount expended for teachers' institutes
Amount expended for .school census
Amount expended for current expenses and re-
pairs of ^tate Normal hfchool
Amounl e.xpended for Normal S-chool extension..
Amount expended for current expenses and re-
pairs of School for Deaf-Mutes
Amount expended for Farnum School
Amount expended for State Aericultural Collese..
f2,489,.399 '27
301,747 .58
302,491 15
873,8.53 19
26,445 75
11,789 .57
100 00
11,077 76
2,957 45
22,511 04
5,979 53
$2,238,521 25
276,662 67
157,217 35
592,882 28
39,024 69
7,260 00
100 00
37 00
2,878 34
8,923 31
3,551 55
22,363 44
6,075 85
2,098 89
18,614 21
32,444 91
5,350 36
40,264 00
1,200 00
2,096 37
18,941 85
44,061 29
8,149 64
40,965 40
1,200 00
$2.50,878 C2 decrease.
25,084 91 decrease.
145,273 80 decrease.
280,970 91 decrease.
12,.579 21 increase.
4,529 57 decrease.
37 00
787 19
2,154 45
594 10
147 60
96 32
mcrease.
Increase.
decrease,
increase.
decrease
increase.
2 52
327 64
decrease,
increase.
11,619 3S
2,799 28
701 40 increase.
22 SCHOOL REPORT.
First and most deserving of mention is the decrease of a quarter of
a million of dollars in the amount paid for salaries of teachers. This
decrease has already been referred to the business depression of the
year, which has made nearly every community feel poor. It was
hardly to be expected that the teachers should be the only ones not to
suffer. It is probable that despite the loss of $250,878.02 in salaries
received the teachers suffered as little from the hard times as any class
of persons. A decrease of $25,084.91 in amount paid for fuel and
light is wholly in keeping with the reduction in teachers' wages just
stated. The still greater decrease of $145,273.80 in amount ex-
pended by districts for incidentals, and the even still greater decrease
of $280,970.91 in the amount expended for building and repairing
school-houses, show conclusively that the year 1893-94 was an excep-
tionally severe year for all financial operations.
The amount expended for manual training shows a gain of
$12,579.21. The decrease in amount appropriated for school libraries
has already been alluded to. The amount of expenses of the Depart-
ment of Public Instruction shows a decrease of $2,154.45.
The changes in the amounts expended under other heads are all so
slight that they hardly deserve special mention.
In the table that follows will be found a summarized statement of
all the principal data relating to the schools of the State for the year
1893-94 :
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
23
GENERAL SUMMARY OP STATISTICS.
REC'KIPTS.
Amount appropriated from income of State School
Fund
Amount of State school tax
Amount of district and city tax
Amount appropriated by counties for salaries and
expenses of county superintendents
Amount of interest of surplus revenue
Amount of township school tax
Amount raised in districts for manual training
Amount received from sale of district bonds
Aoiount raised in districts for school libraries
Amount raised in counties for teachers' libraries....
DISBURSEMENTS.
Amount expended for teachers' salaries
Amount e.xpended for fuel and light
Amount expended for building and repairing
school-houses
Amount expended for manual training
Ainount expended for .school libraries
Amount expended for text-books and apparatus.
Amount expended for incidentals
Amount expended for State geological maps for
schools
Amount of expenses of State Board of Education.
Amount of expenses of Department of Public In-
struction
Amount of expenses of .State School Fund
Amount expended for .salaries of county superin-
tendents
Amount expended for exi^enses of county superin-
tendents ,
Amount expended for teachers' institutes
Amount expended for school census
Amount expended for current expenses and repairs
of State Normal School
Amount expended for State Normal School exten-
sion
Amount expended for School for Deaf-Mutes
Amount expended for Farnum School
Amount e.xpended for teachers' libraries
$219,280 96
2,251,700 00
1,405,164 78
28,490 .57
31,525 86
13,202 50
13,148 55
413,915 00
7,769 57
50 00
!,489,399 27
301,747 58
873,853 19
26,445 75
11,789 57
302,491 15
.APPROPBIATIONS FOR 1894-95.
state school tax
State appropriation to schools
Township school tax
Interest of surplus revenue
District and city school tax,
DISTRICT SCHOOL TAX.
Number of districts that raise tax to pay teachers'
salaries
Number of districts that raise tax to build or repair
school-houses
Number of districts that raise no ta.x
COST or EDUCATION.
Average cost per pupil, calculated on total school
census
Average cost per pupil, calculated on enrolled
attendance
Average cost per pupil, calculated on average
attendance
2,091 15
11,077 76
2,957 45
5,979 53
2,098 89
18,614 21
32,444 91
5,3.50 36
40,264 00
J, 200 00
100 00
12,026,110 00
100,000 00
1 20,201 50
37,6.58 61
2,117,360 36
421
799
$7 39
12 55
20 72
a 0)
$250,169 91
2,026,110 00
1,621,350 16
28,439 29
28,285 77
74,245 S3
19,512 34
90,.5fi5 17
3,630 00
50 00
$2,238,521 25
276,662 67
592,882 28
39,024 69
7,260 00
125,126 56
167,217 35
37 00
2,878 34
8,923 31
3,551 55
22,363 44
6,075 85
2,C96 37
18,911 85
41,064 29
8,149 64
40,965 40
1,200 00
100 00
$2,119,460 00
100,000 00
74,245 83
28,285 77
1,621,380 16
361
887
|6 70
10 78
18 12
|30,888 95 increase.
225,590 00 decrease.
216,185 38 increase.
51 28 decrease.
3,240 09 decrease.
61,043 33 increase.
6,363 79 increase.
323,349 83 decrease.
4,139 .57 decrease.
250.878 02 decrease.
25,084 91 decrease.
280,970 91 decrease.
12,.S79 21 increase.
4,529 57 decrease.
125,126 56 increase.
145,273 80 decrease.
37 00
787 19
2,154 45
594 10
increase,
increase.
decrease,
increase.
147 60 decrease.
96 32
2 52
327 64
increase,
decrease,
increase.
11,619 38 increase.
2,799 28
701 40
increase,
increase.
.^93,350 00 increase.
54,044 33 increase.
9,372 84 decrease.
495,980 20 decrease.
60 decrease.
88 increase.
f 0 69 decrease.
1 77 decrease.
2 60 decrease.
24
SCHOOL REPORT.
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS— Continued.
NlMlSKlt OF TKACIlliliS.
Males
Females..
SALARIES Ol' TKACIIKHS.
Average salary per month paid to male teachers...
Average salary per month paid lo female teachers.
TEACHERS' CKKTll'IfATKS.
First Grade, State
Second Grade, State..
f Number granted to males,
■ 1 Miiiul)er granted to females
( N in n he If; ran led lo males...
• I NumliiT granted to females
r^^- , r^ 1 o» . f Numl)c_'r 1^1 auti'd to males...
Third Grade, btate | N„ml»i granted to females
Normal School Life Certificate.^ -K umber granted
to males
Normal School Xiife Certificates— Number granted
to females....
Special State Certificates— Number granted to males
Special State Certificates— Number granted to fe-
males
Total number of State certificates granted to males.
Total number of State certificates granted to
females
_,..„,„ j„ f Number granted to males...
First Grade, County.... | dumber granted to females
, ,, , „ t f Number granted to males.
Second Grade, County. | ^^^^,,],^.^. granted to females
r.,,_. J ^ , /-. ♦ ( Number granted to males
Third Grade, County... | Number granted to females
Total number of county certificates granted to
males
Total number of county certificates granted to
females
Total number of certificates granted
Number of applicants for statc> certificates rejected
Number of applicants for county certificates re-
jected
Total number of applicants rejected.
SfllOOIv DISTRICTS, HOUSES, ETC.
Number of townships and cities
Number of school districts
Number of school buildings
Number of school buildings owned
Number of school buildings rented
Number of school departments
Number of school building.s erected
Number of school buildings enlarged, refurnished
or remodeled
Number of unsectarian private schools
Number of sectarian private schools
Number of school visits by county superintend-
ents
VALUATION OF SCHOOL MtOPERTY.
Number of buildings valued at ?100 or less..
Number valued between ?100 and $500
Number valued between 5i.500 and |l,()00
Number valued between $1,000 and $.5,noo. ...
Number valued between ij.5,000 and i?iO,0i»0. .
Number valued between ?10,000 and ^20,000.
Number valued between $20,000 and $40,000..
Number valued above $40,000
Total value of school property
Average value
4,131
879 99
47 73
124
31
51
51
231
120
606
788
1,146
15
801
816
298
1,40<
1,725
1,674
51
5,007
97
158
169
11
174
506
614
103
99
111
56
$10,374,218 00
7,145 GO
730
4,344
$79 84
45 49
140
36
54
60
240
118
496
790
1,177
18
820
836
319
1,408
1,754
1,701
53
5,139
33
74
122
167
3,108
7
176
501
641
106
8S
118
64
$11,751,222 00
6,908 42
0; Cj
03 si
o o
7 decrease.
213 increase.
$0 15 decrease.
2 24 decrease.
1 decrease.
2 decrease.
3 increase.
II increa.se.
1 decrease.
3 increase.
3 increase.
1 increase.
1 increase.
Ifi increase.
5 increase.
3 increase.
9 increase.
9 increa.se.
2 decrease.
10 decrease.
12 increase.
2 increase.
31 increase.
3 increase.
19 increase.
22 increase.
21 increase.
5 increase.
29 increase.
27 increase.
2 increase.
132 increase.
3 decrease.
23 decrease.
36 decrease.
2 decrease.
4 decrease.
2 increase.
5 decrease.
27 increase.
3 increase.
11 decrease.
7 increase.
8 increase.
$1,377,004 00 inc.
236 58 dec.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
25
SUMMARY OF STATISTiOS-Oontinued.
ATTENDANCE.
Total school census between five aud eighteen years
of age
Number of boys enrolled in the public schools
Kuuiber of girls enrolled in the public schools
Total enrollment in the public schools
Average attendance upon the public schools
Total number of cases of tardiness
Average number of cases of tardiness per day for
each teacher
Number of children the public schools will seat
SCHOOL TERMS.
Number of districts that maintained school less
than six months
Number that maintained school six months but
less than nine
Number that maintained school nine months or
more
Average time the schools were kept open
423,872
125,970
123,618
249,588
151,273
616,656
1.318
240,948
; 9
1,289
mouths,
10 days.
133.845
130,662
264,507
158,914
588,732
1.25
249,844
16
76
1,316
9 months,
8 days.
7,875 increase.
7,044 increase.
14,919 Increase.
7,671 increase.
27,924 decrease.
.068 decrease.
8,896 increase.
2 increase.
14 decrease.
17 increase.
2 days decrease.
/
RURAL V6. CITY SCHOOLS.
Owing to greater wealth and numbers, the cities of the United
States have outstripped the rural communities in what are usually-
believed to be improvements in the means and methods of edu-
cation; as, for instance, systematic grading, trained teachers,
highly elaborated courses of study, professional supervision, &c. It
will be seen, therefore, that the question I have proposed touches
upon something besides the comparative efficiency of city and rural
schools. Really, it raises that larger question, to wit, whether many
of our alleged improvements in educational means and methods are
really improvements or not. If we should fiad as a result of an
inquiry of this nature that rural schools, without the means and
agencies aforesaid, have kept pace with city schools, we should be
forced to one of two conclusions :
1. That the advantages of grading, supervision, trained teachers
and more elaborate courses of study are not substantial, or
2. That other forces are at work in cities, from which rural dis-
tricts are comparatively free, that operate to neutralize the good
results of said means and agencies.
On the other hand, if we fiad that city schools are generally
superior to rural schools, we must admit that the aforesaid means and
agencies are real improvements.
26 SCHOOL REPORT.
It is unfortunate that we have so little reliable information npou
this subject. That there exists a wide diversity of opinion, eve»
among those who are well informed, is quite certain. There are not
a few, especially among older teachers, who still hold to the belief
that the old district school produced better results than does the
average city school to-day. If this view is correct, namely, that
trained teachers, skillful supervision, graded classes and elaborate cur-
ricula, all together produce no better results than are obtained without
them by the little red school-house at the corner cross-roads, it is high
time that we paused and carefully investigated our educational processes.
In order to ascertain the general verdict of those most competent ta
speak, I prepared a few months ago a circular letter which I mailed
to about 500 superintendents of schools, including, in fact, all the
superintendents, State, county and city, in the New England States,
New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Answers to the fore-
going circular were obtained from considerably more than half of the
superintendents to whom it was sent. In their replies many took
pains to say that their opinions were based upon their individual
observations only, and not upon any reliable statistics. This was, of
course, to be expected. But, really, the careful, candid verdict of an
experienced observer is more to be relied upon in many cases thaa
the best collected statistics ; when the opinions of 300 or more persons
are collected and collated and it is found that a large proportion bear
in the same direction, safe deductions can be based thereon. It
should be remarked, furthermore, that in the tabulation that follow&
all opinions have the same rating, although some are of much greater
value than others.
Taken as a whole, I believe this consensus of opinion to be
the most reliable as well as the most extensive that anyone has yet
been able to obtain. The first question asked was this :
"Do pupils of rural (including village) schools complete the
elementary course (course below the high school) at as early an age a&
pupils of city schools ? "
In reply to this question 296 answers were received. Of these, 226
replied "^o; " 52 replied " Yes; " and 18 replied " in the same time.'^
A few superintendents made a separate classification of rural and
village schools, claiming that the latter complete the elementary course
at an earlier age than do either rural or city schools.
I am of the opinion that this separate classification of village
schools ought perhaps to have been made. I hesitated about doing so
for the following reasons :
1. That it multiplied the labor of correspondents.
2. That the broad division of rural and city schools is the one gen-
erally recognized in official reports ; and hence all are familiar with it.
3. That in the case of any one desiring to make such distinction, a
memorandum to that effect would doubtless be submitted without
calling for it in the printed question.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 2T
From the figures above given it will be seen that those who claim
that the rural schools are slower than city schools are in the ratio of
upwards of 4 to 1. This large majority leaves us in no doubt and
settles one important question of comparative merit.
In reply to a second question, "About what is the average differ-
ence of age?" 81 superintendents estimated it at one to two years p
94, two to three years ; 27, three to four years ; 21, no difference ; 24,
less than a half year; while 15 gave it as their opinion that rural
schools complete the course earlier than city schools by half year to
a year.
The reasons assigned for this difference of age in completing the
elementary school course cover nearly every point in which city schools-
are supposed to differ from country schools. Classified under general
heads these reasons relate to differences of organization, management,
supervision, length of school terms, qualifications of teachers, courses-
of study, environment, wealth, &c., &c.
Chief among the reasons given was that of " difference in the length
of school year." One hundred and twelve superintendents assigned
this as a cause.* City schools, in the States in which this inquiry was
made, are kept open, as a rule, more than nine months in the year and
often ten full months ; whereas rural schools are kept open upon the
average hardly more than eight full months, if as long. There will
be, therefore, a balance of not far from one and a half to two-tenth&
in favor of city schools. " Irregularity of attendance " was men-
tioned by 82 superintendents as another chief drawback to the effici-
ency of rural schools. I am surprised that this evil was not men-
tioned by a larger number. Is it fair to infer that there is an
improvement in this respect in rural schools ? The necessity perhapa
of working upon the farm or of otherwise assisting at home is growing
less than formerly with rural and village populations. If this is a.
safe deduction it is certainly a good omen.
" Frequent change of teachers " was cited by 48 superintendents
as another cause for the slower rate of progress in rural schools.
Here it must be admitted the country schools are badly handicapped.
The retention of a successful teacher after he or she has become fully
acquainted with the conditions affecting a community, its social and
political life, its special needs and adaptation, is a matter of supreme
importance.
Add to this the confidence of a community, if a teacher be so fortu-
nate as to possess it, a knowledge of the peculiarity of pupils and
parents, a natural zeal and interest that come to a teacher whose life
has become identified with the life of the people among whom she
is living and working, and it is not unreasonable to suppose that the
frequent change of teachers in rural schools is an enormous loss.
But the cause in most cases I take to be the payment of inadequate
salaries. The teacher receiving but $25 per month cannot be blamed
for asking to be released to accept a salary of $30 per month, small aa
28 SCHOOL REPORT.
the difference is. It represents, perhaps, all the savings of a year. So
the teacher at $30 per month will move on to the district paying $35
or $40 per month, and so the procession keeps always moving. The
general eifect upon the State as a whole of this ceaseless shifting
about of teachers I have not time to consider. My point here is
made when I cite its effect in this connection. A still greater disad-
vantage than that of frequent change of teachers was cited by 66
superintendents, namely, the " comparative inferiority of rural teach-
ers," both as regards literary and professional qualifications. The
reasons for this are obvious.
1. The small pay alluded to above fails to attract and keep the
"best teachers.
2. Boards of education in rural districts are satisfied with a lower
grade of qualifications.
Another cause assigned for the difference in completing the ele-
mentary course was the " lack of grading " in rural schools. Fifty-
two superintendents speak of this as the principal cause. Eight
superintendents spoke of " lack of effective supervision " as largely
accounting for the disparity between rural and city schools. Among
the thirty- four other reasons given to account for the difference were
the following :
City schools " start pupils at an earlier age '' (I doubt if this is
true — I feel quite sure that it is not) ; city children are " more pre-
cocious ; " city children " have no other employment ; " city children
"get more drill;" "city environments are more stimulating towards
books — country towards nature."
In favor of the country or against the city it is said that country
children " have better health ; " country children have " fewer dis-
tractions;" country children "enjoy more rapid promotions."
I am quite fully satisfied after the careful perusal of all the replies
received and after making all due allowance for qualified statements
and for the personal equation where the same obviously affected the
judgment, that the average age of rural pupils at the completion of
the elementary course is not less than one and a half to two years in
advance of that of city pupils completing the same course. This
again is an important conclusion. It seems an unreasonably long
time, and its importance as an economic consideration deserves to be
looked into. If two years of the lives of our country boys and girls
are wasted, so far as school is concerned, with no compensating advan-
tages in health, or strength, or endurance, this fact deserves the closest
investigation. It was to satisfy myself with respect to this possible
increment of gain, arising from slower maturity, that I proposed the
following :
"Are pupils of rural schools more (or less) proficient than pupils of
city schools at the completion of the elementary course, " In knowl-
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 29
edge?" "In power?" "To what factors do you attribute the dif-
ference ? "
The vote stood, viz.,
In knowledge — Rural, 60; city, 168; same, 49.
In power — Rural, 166; city, 22; same, 34.
In reply to the question : " To what factors do you attribute the
difference?" various reasons were assigned. Fifty- four superintend-
ents mention " poor teaching " as the chief reason for the inferiority
of rural school pupils in knowledge.
To account for the superiority of rural school pupils in power several
reasons seem to have received common sanction.
Thirty-three superintendents attribute it to "difference of age" on
completing the elementary course, it being for country school children
nearly two years higher on the average ; 26 attribute it to " greater
physical vigor " resulting from rural conditions ; 42 make " general
environment" account for the difference; 75 make the "habits of
self-reliance and of independent work" gained in the rural school
the chief cause.
Other lesser causes assigned are : the, " better habits of country
pupils ; " the " necessity of work at home," which has its reflex influ-
ence at school ; the element of " observation of nature " in early
training, which favors the country boy and girl ; the " less nervou&
tension " of the rural pupil, favoring a more natural and vigorous
mental and physical growth ; the " home training " of the country
pupil, which is less conducive to rapid development, especially of the
acquisitive powers ; the " fewer studies " of the country school ; the
"more serious purpose in life," engendered by the harder struggle
and more homely living.
These are only a few of the more than forty reasons assigned.
The next inquiry took this form : " Do rural schools send a greater
(or less) number of pupils to secondary schools (high schools, academies^
college preparatory schools) than city schools ? "
To college, the vote stood viz. : Greater number, 84 ; smaller
number, 165; same number, 22; don't know, 25. To college^,,
greater number, 70 ; smaller number, 1 59 ; same number, 1 9 ; don't
know, 12.
The above vote shows the diversity of opinion that exists among
the presumably best informed. In accounting for the causes why
fewer country pupils attend secondary schools and colleges, some
seventeen different reasons are assigned. Chief among these are the
following :
" High schools are more accessible" to city children ; the " higher
intellectual standard " of the city ; the " greater financial ability " of
the parents of city children.
I am of the opinion that the answers to this question would have
been more satisfactory if the threefold classification into rural, village
and city schools had been followed. An experience of fifteen years
30 SCHOOL REPORT.
as high school principal in three States of the group in which the
inquiry was made, has convinced me that in proportion to population
cities of the first class, say cities of 200,000 or over, send fewer
pupils to secondary schools and colleges than even the most ultra rural
communities. And this for two reasons — First, the feeling prevalent
in large mercantile communities that boys and girls should get to
work early; second, a decidedly less general appreciation of the
•desirableness of a secondary education.
As between rural districts upon the one hand, and the large cities
upon the other, the villages that are so fortunate as to contain first-
class secondary schools enroll by far the greater relative number of
pupils, and send by far the greater number to colleges.
My fourth inquiry was aimed to ascertained whether the rural
training which is said to give less knowledge but greater power at
the completion of the elementary course, is recognized as an advan-
tage (or disadvantage) in the secondary schools and colleges.
The question was stated, viz,, " Do pupils trained in rural schools
make more (or less) successful students in secondary schools than do
graduates of city and grammar schools ? "
The vote stood as follows: Jn colleges — Rural, 150; city, 51;
same, 33. In colleges — Rural, 129; city, 31 ; same, 31.
The reasons assigned were various, some twenty-odd in number.
Forty-two superintendents attributed the diflPerence to "greater
physical vigor " of country- bred and educated students ; 90, to the
" habits of self-reliance and independent study " acquired in the ele-
mentary school; 12, to the "greater sacrifices" usually made by the
<30untry boy or girl to go to college ; 1 2, to the " home training " in
manual labor and consequently greater fondness for work ; 12, to the
*' more serious views of life " likely to be entertained by the student
reared in the country ; and lastly, 24 superintendents assigned as a
reason for the better average success of country students in secondary
schools and colleges, the fact that with them it is the " survival of
the fittest ; " only the select ever go beyond the elementary schools —
those who are especially ambitious and industrious.
The parental influence which in the wealthier community often
forces a boy to go to college, whether or no, is less often exerted by
country parents. Country boys and girls as a rule are fitted for col-
lege by their own efforts. Hence their extraordinary industry and
uniform success despite the fact that their preparation may be greatly
inferior to the student coming from the city grammar school or high
school.
The fifth question submitted read as follows:
" What do you consider to be the characteristic defects of rural
schools ? " " Of city schools ? "
The characteristic defects of the rural schools were stated as follows :
" Too many classes with consequent lack of time on the part of
teachers to do good work," 30 ; " the general absence of any rational
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 31
course of study with systematic grading thereunder," 14; "poor
€quipment including books, apparatus, &c.," 36 ; " inexperienced,
immature, untrained, in general, inferior teachers," 195; "short
year as compared with cities," 52 ; " irregular attendance of pupils
due to a variety of causes," 45 ; " lack of adequate and intelligent
supervision," 37; "change of teachers requiring too frequent re-or-
ganization of the school," 85 ; " the ignorance and inefficiency of
trustees," 18 ; " narrow range of school studies," 8 ; " lack of interest
on the part of the public," 12; "lack of definite aims; and old-
fashioned discredited methods," 45; "pupils leave school at too early
an age," 5 ; " other defects not included above," 40.
The criticisms above enumerated are none of them new. The chief
value I attach to them is their comparative importance as illustrated
by the number of superintendents who cite them.
As an offset to the foregoing, and in order to show that the rural
schools do not, in the opinion of superintendents, wholly monopolize
the defects, I quote the list for cities.
They are these : "Too large classes," 42 ; " too close grading," 75 ;
*' mechanical methods," 105; "too little attention paid to indi-
viduals," 80 ; " too great uniformity attempted," 20 ; " too few male
teachers," 4 ; " too many studies," 10 ; " impossibility of getting rid
of incompetent teachers," 6 ; "in most cities promotions too, infre-
quent," 15 ; " too much work done by teachers, too little by pupils,"
25 ; " examinations and promotions made too much of ; cramming,"
16 ; " too much superficiality, too many ' frills,' too much attention
paid to fads," 36 ; " politics plays too large a part in the appoint-
ment of superintendents and teachers," 19; "the public, as a rule,
too indifferent," 9 ; "too much red tape," 6 ; " too little to inspire
professional zeal," 30.
As a sort of summum totum to this inquiry I propounded as a last
interrogatory the following two questions :
"For an all-around common school education, do you regard the
average rural school as more (or less) efficient than the average city
school?"
The vote stood, viz. : Rural, 60 ; city, 225 ; same, 15.
Again : " Do you regard the best rural school as more (or less)
efficient than the best city school?"
The vote was as follows : Rural, 99 ; city, 135 ; same, 40 ; doubt-
ful, 35.
The value of these judgments, as I have already stated, lies solely
in the fact that they represent the carefully- formed opinions of those
most competent to speak. Surely, a great deal of reliance may be
placed upon the majority verdict entered by the superintendents of
New York, New England, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The
opinion of any one person, however well informed, could hardly be
expected to carry equal authority.
32 SCHOOL REPORT.
STATE EDUCATIONAL MUSEUM.
The success of the State educational exhibit at the Chicago World's
Fair was especially gratifying. The prime object of the exhibit was
to show not only to the world, but more particularly to our sister States,
the character and results of the educational system of New Jersey •
still more, perhaps, in the spirit of true national pride to contribute
our part towards an aggregate display of the products of American
schools that should enable the United States to compare favorably
with other countries whose exhibits were to be placed alongside for
the critical inspection of representatives from all parts of the world.
But by far the greatest benefit that accrued to our schools as the
result of this preparation and display was the spirit of generous
emulation excited among those that participated. The most serious
drawback to educational progress in any community is the tendency of
teachers, especially principals, to become satisfied with their methods
and results. Progress means increased tifort ; it means study, thought,,
experiment, activity ; it is opposed to a feeling of inertness and self-
complacency. A World's Fair is necessary once in a while to arouse
the sleepers.
It is a phenomenon worthy of notice that, regardless of their actual
merits, nearly every community lays claim to the best schools in the
county or State. This is local pride run mad. It is often very
unfortunate. It stands in the way of improvement. I have some-
times thought the degree of this self-satisfation was in inverse ratio ta
the real merit of the schools. Show me a community wherein every-
body for a long term of years has been fully satisfied with its schools,
and nine times out of ten it is safe to say that such community has
only mediocre schools. The Fame principle applies here that applies
in the industrial world. Competition and a changing market force
all successful merchants and manufacturers to be active and alert,
or to go to the wall.
Surely this business of education, if I may so characterize it,
demands no less watchfulneFS and persistent effort to keep abreast of
the demands of the times. Too many communities are satisfied with
poor schools ; too many communities do not know the difference
between good schools and poor schools — an up-to-date school and a
school of a quarter of a century ago. I do not mean to be understood
as saying that all schools of a quarter of a century ago were poor
schools in comparison with the schools of to-day ; by no means. But
I do wish to be understood as saying that the average school of to-
day is superior in many respects to that of a quarter century ago.
The world has been moving; civilization has advanced ; schools have
kept pace with civilization ; that is to say, the best schools have kept
pace.
Now the chief and permanent value of the State school exhibit
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 33
prepared for the World's Fair was that it served to bring into eharp
relief the comparative superiority or inferiority of the schools of dif-
ferent localities. If it were not that comparisons are odious, I should
feel in duty bound to make mention of some of the sharp contrasts in
school work that came under my observation in collecting and pre-
paring the State display. Let it suffice, therefore, that evidence is at
hand to show that the widest disparity exists in the efficiency of the
schools of the several communities of the State. The question then
arises, if the schools of a given locality are poorer than the schools of
another locality how may the poorer schools be toned up? This
leads to the recommendation that I made in my report of a year ago,
namely, that a permanent State exhibit be provided wherein the best
work of all the schools of the State can be collected, classified, dis-
played and studied. The Chicago exhibit may be made a nucleus.
To this should be added at once such substitute collections of superior
merit as many schools are already prepared to make. Instead, there-
fore, of a dead collection of school exhibits the educational museum
would consist of a living, organic, constantly-replenished body of
material, a true exponent of the comparative ratio of progress of the
different localities of the State. I am of the opinion that such a
museum properly organized and conducted would constitute no mean
factor in raising the schools to a higher grade of efficiency ; it cer-
tainly would afford what now we have not, namely, a means of de-
termining the comparative value of the educational work of different
communities.
To attain its highest degree of usefulness, however, the museum
must have at its head a curator who possesses the necessary qualifica-
tions for organization, critical comparison of exhibits, &c. He
should be a teacher of experience and well acquainted with the con-
ditions under which the work of the schools is carried on. He
should be in close touch not only with the official heads of the school
departments of the cities and townships of the State, but he should have
the confidence and good will, if possible, of all the teachers of the
State. To show the work of different schools with fairness to all, to
be able to criticise adversely and yet without prejudice or cffense,
where such criticism is needed, to be able to inspire the laggards — and
there will be a great many of them — demands as curator a person of
exceptional talent. I am of the opinion, moreover, that the State can
well afford to pay for the services of such an official a salary com-
mensurate with their dignity and importance. No moneys now ex-
pended for educational purposes, whatever their nature, can Jay claim
to greater worthiness or usefulness.
If it should be deemed wise by your honorable board to consider
the foregoing recommendation for a State educational museum, I
desire to repeat my suggestion of a year ago, to wit, that the Lpgis-
lature be asked to appropriate a sum of money sufficient to build,
equip and maintain such a museum. Possibly it may be thought
34 SCHOOL REPORT.
best for the present to provide temporary quarters in the unoccupied
part of the State House until such time as the plans for a permanent
exhibit may be more fully matured.
Moreover, since the agricultural and geological departments are
likewise in need of a permanent domicile for their exhibits, a union
may be effected whereby a common museum building may be made
to do service for all.
SCHOOL LIBRARIES.
In previous reports I have spoken at considerable length upon the
importance of having a good library in every school district of the
State. With the adoption of the township school system and the
consequent consolidation of school districts it now becomes possible to
organize the school library system of the State, and make it much
more effective than ever before.
As formerly, every separate school will be entitled to receive
annually from the State the sum of $10 to supplement an equal
amount raised within the township or borough for that particular
school. It is, therefore, recommended that there should be no abate-
ment of interest on the part of separate schools to raise annually as
heretofore the $10 necessary to secure a State appropriation of a like
amount. It is also recommended that libraries be consolidated so far
as possible ; or an arrangement between schools entered into whereby
books may be interchanged, so that every school within a township
may enjoy the use of the library of every other school within the
township. This consolidation and interchange of books may be best
accomplished, perhaps, in the following manner :
First. All the books of each separate school library should be
classified into non-circulating books, such as books of reference, which
should never laave the school-room, and circulating books, which
may be sent on requisition to other schools in the township. To
accomplish this interchange of the circulating part of a school library
the following method is suggested :
1. Let the board of education appoint some teacher or other suit-
able person as a town school librarian, whose duty it shall be to pre-
pare a suitable catalogue of all books belonging to the several school
libraries within the township. This catalogue, together with such
rules as the board of education may adopt for the government of said
libraries, and such further suggestions as may be thought necessary
to promote the best and most extended use of the books supplied,
should be printed and circulated throughout all the schools and all
the homes in the township. By this means everybody within the
township, old and young, will be fully informed as to what books are
to be had and where to get them.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 35
The next step will be to provide a system of requisitions so that on
a certain day and hour the books called for by the pupils of School
No. 1, for instance, may be delivered to said school in bulk and then
distributed to the individual borrowers. It will hardly be necessary
to go into the details of this system. It can easily be worked out by
anyone. The principle is that of a stated interchange of books from
library to library, or school to school, the whole being under the charge
of some one central authority, with power to direct and supervise de-
tails so as to eflPect the interchange with the least possible labor and
friction. It is the plan employed in the larger cities where distances
are too great for individual borrowers to visit the central library.
By the establishment of several branch libraries, which co-operate
with the central library, books are distributed and returned with a
minimum of inconvenience to borrowers. In townships that are not
too large it will undoubtedly be found desirable to consolidate all
the school libraries into one library conveniently located. But in
townships where the schools are widely scattered a system such as
that proposed, namely, the interchange of books from school to school
at stated periods, will be found to work admirably. So important is
it that pupils should have a great many of the best books to read, or
at least to select from, that I hope to see this plan of circulating
school libraries quite generally adopted. The time is not far distant,
I hope, when circulating libraries in townships will be as common
as are city libraries to-day. Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, in
fact nearly all the cities of the State, have now great and prosper-
ous public libraries that are yearly increasing in power and useful-
ness. They constitute no small factor in the intellectual, moral and
spiritual uplifting of the masses in their several communities. So,
also, a township library of 5,000 to 10,000 well-chosen books would
rank next only to the school as an efficient means of creating the pre-
vailing sentiments of a community. The fact is so generally admitted
that it hardly needs to be restated in this connection. The thought I
wish to impress is this : That a township having no public library
will be benefited by the consolidation of all the separate school libra-
ries ; in fact, such consolidated library may be made to do service as
a public library for the township, thereby becoming the nucleus of a
larger general public library, which, no doubt, will eventually exist
in every township.
Before leaving this subject I wish to emphasize one or two cautions,
namely :
Books for school libraries should always be selected with the
greatest care, and by competent persons only. It is almost criminal
to leave the choice of what our children shall read to unintelligent or
careless persons. The board of education should select some one of
its teachers best fitted for this work to act as librarian and to recom-
mend the purchase of books ; or, some person not a teacher who
.possesses in an eminent degree the necessary qualifications for a
36 SCHOOL REPORT.
librarian, and who is willing to serve the community in that capacity.,
I cannot lay too great stress upon the importance of allowing none
but good books to be placed in a school library, and hence upon the
importance of supplying a competent librarian. Just as it would be
dangerous to allow a careless or ignorant person to prescribe what
our children should eat or drink, so, also, but to a much greater
extent, would it be fatal to allow an ignorant librarian to prescribe
the intellectual and spiritual food to be taken by our children. The
development in his boy or girl of a strong and healthy physique is
dear to the parent; but much dearer is the normal and healthy
growth of the child's inner life, the unseen spirit that " grovels in the
earth or aspires to higher things." Books are pre eminently food
for the soul. Shall we permit our children to be fed upon husks, or
worse than husks, upon books that are positively poisonous and
degrading ? I may add, furthermore, that the State is appropriating
annually considerable sums of money to establish libraries ; is the-
appropriation serving an altogether useful purpose? Certainly not
if moneys are used to any coEsiderable extent in the purchase of
books that are trashy or useless. From the reports that are required
to be made to the State department of all additions made to school
libraries, it is often too evident that the selection of books is not
always in competent hands. Indeed the question has frequently
arisen as to whether it would not be well for the State department to
establish a censorship, so to speak, over the purchase of books for
school libraries ; this on two grounds : First, to protect the State-
moneys from wasteful expenditure ; and second, to protect the children
of the State from trashy and useless literature. It is possible that a
list of authorized books for school libraries should be prepared under
the auspices of the State Board of Education, the same to be the
official and only list from which school libraries may be supplied.
Such State censorship, however, seems hardly necessary if local boards
of education can be induced to take the matter into careful con-
sideration and dispose of it as the importance of the subject demands.
None but experts should have the selection of books for school libraries..
Neither the average teacher nor the average district clerk — and this is
said without intended disparagement to the ability, honesty and intel-
ligence of either — is usually critic enough to be a wise purchaser or
dispenser of books. Here, if anywhere, the service of the specialist i&
needed. Such service can be had in most, if not in all, of the town-
ships of the State, if carefully looked for and fairly compensated. To-
pay a small remuneration to a capable person to secure the kind of
talent needed for a librarian would be a splendid investment for any
community.
Again, a library to be useful must be used. Behind locked doors^
or piled away upon dusty shelves, books have little value. They
must be gotten out, taken down, talked about, made interesting to the
children. It is wonderful to what extent an enthusiastic teacher caa
stir up among his pupils a rivalry to read.
EEPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 37
Moreover, the good teacher will take good care of his library. He
will no more allow his books to be abused than he will allow his
friends to be abused. The books are his friends ; they are his pupils'
friends. To take good care that they be uninjured — that they be
returned in good time — all these things must be looked after to make
a library permanent and useful.
Systems of cataloguing, preserving, distributing, collecting, &c.,
are so perfect and so generally known that it is unpardonable for a
teacher through ignorance or carelessness to allow a collection of
books to become lost or destroyed.
Once a term, at least, a careful inventory should be made of the
number and condition of all the books in the several school libraries
of the township. This inventory should be submitted to the board
of education, or its library committee, and carefully examined and
audited by them. In general, the library records should be as care-
fully gone over at stated periods by the board as are the financial
accounts of the district.
In the tables accompanying this report will be found interesting
data concerning the school libraries of the State. In a future report
I hope to give some comparative statistics showing the growth of
libraries in the several cities and townships of the State.
REPORTS OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS.
Following the custom of previous years, the reports of the super-
intendents of the twenty-one counties of the State are herein con-
tained. It is to be regretted that too many of these reports deal in too
general a way with the school affairs of their respective counties to
throw a great deal of light upon the actual condition of the work done
or attempted. This criticism, however, by no means applies to all.
Many of these reports are replete with interesting and instructive
-data. What the State Board of Education and others who make use
of these published reports especially desire to know with reference to
the school work af the several counties, is : What efforts are being
made to improve existing conditions ; what ideals of organization and
of administration are the several superintendents working towards ;
what lines of improvement have been found most promising ; what
specific means are being pursued to remedy existing defects; in
general, what policy is being pursued to improve the schools of a
county and to what extent has that policy proved effective or abortive.
During the past year the duties of county superintendents have
been exceptionally numerous and onerous by reason of the many
changes in the School law. It should be said to their credit that with
hardly an exception the additional labors imposed have been per-
formed promptly and satisfactorily.
38 SCHOOL REPORT.
DUTIES OP COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS.
The duties of the county superintendents as fixed by the General
School law and by the rules of the Board are numerous and important.
They may briefly be summarized as follows :
1. To visit and inspect all the schools of their respective counties
as frequently as possible. This is for the purpose of investigating
the sanitary conditions of schools and their surroundings ; to consult
with and to advise school officers, patrons and teachers ; to oversee
the discipline, general management and effectiveness of instruction —
in general, to exercise the usual supervisory powers of a city super-
intendent of schools.
The great extent of territory, and, still more, the large number of
schools in many counties, render these visits very infrequent, rarely
averaging more than two visits to each school during a year.
The importance of this general supervision can hardly be overesti-
mated, provided the county superintendent possesses those peculiar
qualifications that enable him quickly and accurately to diagnose any-
abnormal conditions and to prescribe their proper remedy. Keen
discernment, quick apprehension, nicety of judgment, delicacy of
tact, courage ot conviction, honesty of purpose, and, above all, a spirit
that " inspires and strengthens," are by none more needed than by the
county superintendent would he succeed to the full measure of his
responsibility.
2. To counsel and direct teachers in the preparation of their pro-
grammes and in methods of discipline and instruction.
Next to the foregoing this second class of duties is most important.
It is obvious, however, that no one but an expert can safely under-
take this delicate and technical work of counseling and directing
teachers in their school work ; hence the importance of appointing as
county superintendents only those whose literary and professional
training fits them for this peculiar office.
One may be a good clergyman, physician, artisan or politician and
yet lack the special qualifications to enable him to enter a school-room
and conduct or even direct properly the processes of teaching. It is
one of the anomalies of the age that special qualifications are univer-
sally held to be necessary to manage with success a farm, a foundry, a
store, or even a stable ; but a school — well, anybody with a modicum
of common school education can teach or supervise a district school,
or a whole group of districts, a county !
That this low estimate of the difficulty and delicacy of the teacher's
function still prevails to a large extent in rural communities no one
will gainsay ; that each succeeding year is creating a change of senti-
ment and emphasizing the need of a professional training for those
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 39
who would essay to teach or to superintend is one of the most hopeful
signs of the times.
If it is expected that the county superintendent will perform satis-
factorily this second class of duties he should possess —
1. The requisite literary qualifications.
2. The requisite professional qualifications.
3. The preliminary experience as teacher.
How high a standard of literary qualifications should be insisted
upon I am not prepared to state. Certain it is, however, that if not
a college or normal school graduate the county superintendent should
be a teacher holding a first grade State or county certificate. This I
should urge as the lowest acceptable measure of literary qualifications.
Secondly, as to professional qualifications and preliminary teaching
experience. If not a college or normal school graduate, the ability to
fulfill the conditions required of candidates for a first grade State
certificate are not too exacting.
For the reasons aforesaid I would most earnestly urge upon your
honorable body the consideration of a rule which should preclude
from the office of county superintendent any and all persons not pos-
sessing qualifications equal at least to those herein recommended.
3. To examine and license teachers. Under the rules of the board
examinations are held three times during the year in all the counties
of the State for the purpose of examining and licensing teachers.
The preparation of questions for these examinations devolves upon
the State Superintendent ; but the still more difficult and delicate task
of examining and marking the results of these examinations devolves
upon the county superintendent.
True, he is assisted in his work by a county board of examiners ;
but as the otficial head of the examining board the county superin-
tendent ought to be its chief expert and competent court of final
appeal.
If additional reasons are needed why only thoroughly educated
and experienced teachers should be eligible to the office of county
superintendent, they are found here.
4. To interpret and enforce the School law and to carry out the
rules and regulations of the State Board of Education.
Here the possession of ordinary abilities, those possessed by the
ordinary citizen of mature age and average intelligence, will suffice.
5. To make out the reports required by law and to perform the
clerical work naturally incident to the office.
A fairly good bookkeeper will perform this class of duties with
entire satisfaction.
If I am correct in this estimate of the county superintendent's
duties, nothing can be clearer than that a choice based almost wholly
40 SCHOOL REPORT.
upon clerical capacity and ability to interpret and apply the School
law, together with the rules and regulations of the board, would be
wrong in principle and fatal in practice. It is altogether too narrow
a view of the county superintendent's duties and responsibilities.
Still, I am bound to say that in past years and with former boards
these minor requirements have been too often the only ones con-
sidered ; while other essential qualifications, to wit, literary training
and professional ability, have been only lightly regarded. The public
service demands, especially in its schools, the wisest guidance and the
most competent and talented leadership. Considerations of eminent
fitness for all the responsibilities imposed upon them should be care-
fully weighed by your honorable board in the appointment of county
superintendents who are to sway the destinies of thousands of children
and youth throughout the State — children who are to become in time
its citizens and lawgivers.
Any short-sighted policy that would lay stress upon the clerical
and minor qualifications of a candidate, and ignore the more important
duties that a superintendent is called upon to fulfill, must inure to
the lasting inj ary of the schools and the State.
In what I have said it has not been my purpose to disparage, nor
to reflect upon the action of your honorable board nor upon that of
any of its predecessors. I desire only to emphasize the principle
involved, and to commend the high stand that you have already
assumed, and are determined to maintain.
I am aware that under existing conditions no board can be free
from the importunities of place- seekers and their political friends
when appointments are to be made. May I not, therefore, respect-
fully recommend that a rule be adopted restricting all future appoint-
ments to the position of county superintendent to those holding first
grade State, or county, certificates. I am sure that under the opera-
tion of such a rule your board would be relieved from a great deal of
unpleasant pressure on the part of incompetent candidates and their
friends, and all to the undoubted benefit of the schools.
NEW JERSEY STATE COLLEGE.
Under the act of the Legislature, passed in 1864, Rutgers College
became the State Agricultural College and a certain number of pupils
from the several counties of the State were thereby entitled to free
tuition upon the recommendation of the county superintendent of
schools, after having passed an examination satisfactory to the college
authorities. Ten scholarships-at-large have since been provided for
by the trustees of the college. Also, by an act of the Legislature,
passed in 1890, free scholarships are now allotted each year to every
county of the State equal to the number of assemblymen from the
county. The selection of these candidates is made by competitive ex-
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 41
amination held in each county of the State upon the first Saturday of
-June in each year. Provided there is an excess of qualified candidates
in any county the vacancies in other counties may be filled by appoint-
ment out of such excess.
The requirements for admission include the usual subjects in
•mathematics, science and English branches. During the first col-
legiate year the studies for all the full courses are identical, including
the elements of agriculture, biology and botany. At the beginning
of the second year students are allowed to elect one of the full courses
'leading to a degree, viz. :
I. A course in agriculture.
II. A course in civil engineering and machinery.
III. A course in chemistry.
IV. A course in electricity.
V. A course in biology.
It will be seen, therefore, that the State College offers to young
•men desiring a liberal or special education a wide field for selection.
The faculty and equipment of the State College are such as to insure
<the highest excellence of results. Young men intending to take a
college course are earnestly recommended to investigate the advantages
offered by the State College. The popularity and growing influence
of the college are sufficiently attested by the fact that during the years
1893-94 there were enrolled 162 students, viz. : Graduate students,
2; seniors, 14; juniors, 31; sophomores, 59; freshmen, 48 ; and
special students, 8.
In my report of a year ago I alluded to the fact that the State had
failed for several years to make any appropriation for the mainten-
ance of the free scholarships. This default on the part of the State
to perform its duty to the college — but more particularly to the
young men sent to the college to be educated — is most unfortunate.
The trustees of the college have carried out to the letter all the pro-
visions of the law. It is certainly not creditable to the educational
policy of the State that this default should longer continue. Either
the college should not be required to accept pupils under the free
scholarships or the State should come to its relief. If the law pro-
viding for the maintenance of free scholarships by the State is uncon-
stitutional it should be repealed. The college should not be required
year after year to devote a considerable portion of its income to edu-
cate students sent to it under false promises on the part of the State.
I am of the opinion that the State can ill afford to forfeit the bene-
fits which the college is able to bestow. There are scores of young
men in the schools of the State to whom the only opening for a liberal
education is through the doors of the State College.
I am not one who believes the State should maintain any institu-
don solely for the benefit of the individual. Education in all its
42 SCHOOL REPORT.
departmeats is a State interest ; the State is the principal beneficiary p
the individual himself may be benefited, but the sole justification of
education by the State is the fact that the State is the gainer.
Elementary schools are maintained because they make better citi-
zens ; secondary schools are maintained for the same reason ; the col-
lege, though it educates a smaller number, pays back to the State in
proportion to its cost a larger percentage of profit than either ele-
mentary or secondary schools.
The claim that the State is justified in supporting elementary schools
and making them free, but that secondary and collegiate education
should ba secured at private expense, is neither logical nor wise.
The State supports schools because it pays the State to support
schools, not because it pays the individual. Does it pay the State^
then, to support the high school or college ?
I venture to say, and the whole trend of modern civilization the
world over justifies my statement, that secondary and college educa-
tion at public expense is the best investment that a State can make.
England, Germany, France and most continental countries main-
tain the higher schools of learning at public expense. Not a State of
the Union that has not adopted the same policy in respect to high
schools, and most of the States are maintaining colleges and universi-
ties that afford free tuition to all.
I trust New Jersey may be ranked among the States that give a
generous support to their higher institutions of learning.
STATE NORMAL AND MODEL SCHOOLS.
Attention is called to the admirable report herein contained of the
State Normal and Model School by its principal. Dr. James M.
Green, and to the reports of the several officers and committees of said
school. Under the efficient principalship of Dr. Green, the school
has steadily advanced in numbers, efficiency and reputation both at
home and abroad. At the present time, when other States are making
rapid progress towards professionalizing their teaching corps by the
building and endowment of numerous normal schools, it is certainly
a matter for State pride to know that our own State Normal School
is not lagging behind.
It would be hard to overestimate the value to the schools of the
State of a well-organized, equipped and conducted normal school.
Its influence pervades every nook and corner of the State; it supplies
a perennial S3urce of inspiration towards the highest ideals in respect
to the theary and art of teaching. The normal school itself is the
fountain head ; the never-failing source of the newest and most valu-
able ideas in education. It is expected to be always in close touch
with similar institutions throughout the country ; its means for test-
ing new theories and for making new applications of old ones is rarely
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 4$
possessed by other schools. Through its scores of annual graduates it
possesses the means to disseminate among all the school districts of
the State the valuable results of its investigation and study of educa-
tional problems. Its power for good can hardly be overestimated.
So likewise a weak or inert normal school, would exert, as we might
naturally expect, a damaging influence upon the schools of the State
through the contagion of bad example. The blind cannot lead the
blind. Hence the paramount importance of having the State Normal
School administered by a principal and faculty who are keenly alive
to the demands of the times and competent to meet those demands.
I am firmly convinced that under the present administration the great
and important functions of a State normal school are ably and suc-
cessfully performed. It must be said, however, that the State of
New Jersey stands greatly in need of one or more additional normal
schools no less efficiently endowed and administered.
The State of New York with ten or more normal schools, Massa-
chusetts with eight, or more, in operation or in process of erection,.
Connecticut with four, Pennsylvania with thirteen, teach us that our
own State cannot long rely upon one institution, however good it may
be, to supply the requisite number of professionally-trained teachers.
Immediate steps should be taken to provide for the erection of a State
normal school in the northern end of the State, say in Hudson or
Bergen county, and another in the lower end of the State, say in
Atlantic or Camden county. Possibly a third should be established
in Essex or Union county.
The first cost of these institutions as well as their annual charge
upon the State for maintenance would hardly be felt ; their benefits
would immediately be felt throughout every school- room in the sec-
tions of the State named. A great many of the teachers employed in
the northern counties of the State are graduates of the normal schools
of adjoining States. By a rule of the State Board of Education
established some years ago, the diplomas of normal schools of other
States are accepted under certain restrictions as the equivalent of the
diploma of our own State Normal School, as a license to teach in the
schools of New Jersey. This rule has encouraged the employment
within our State of a larger number of trained teachers than our
own State Normal School could supply. By thus enabling one
school to take advantage of the output of other State normal schools,
the lack of trained teachers in our own State has been less severely
felt.
Again, the maintenance of city training schools for teachers in
Newark, in Jersey City, in Paterson and in several other cities has
helped still more largely to supply the deficiency in trained teachers.
I cannot believe, however, that the city training schools as now organ-
ized and conducted, efficient as they are in many respects, afford so
good a training as we ought to demand and expect. They require, as
a rule, that their students should be graduates of a full four-years'"
44 SCHOOL REPORT.
high school course. This is good. In this one respect they surpass
most normal schools, which attempt to give both the academic and
the normal course in three years — a period altogether too short for
the average student, whose preparation on entering the normal school
is scarcely in advance of that of graduates of city grammar schools.
But in strictly professional work the normal school is usually supe-
rior to the city training school, owing to its larger and more carefully-
selected faculty of instruction and its higher esprit de corps.
But in still another respect the normal school is at a disadvantage
when compared with the city training school, namely, in its inability
to give its pupils an equal amount of practice teaching prior to gradu-
ation. The large number of primary and grammar schools in a city
system afford to pupils of city training schools the means for extended
and systematic practice work.
It may be said, then, of both institutions, the normal school and
the city training school, that each has its special features of strength
and weakness. I am of the opinion that a combination of the best
features of both is feasible. A State normal school, for instance,
located in the city of Newark or in Jersey City, drawing its patron-
age largely from the local and other high schools, public and private,
could insist upon conditions of scholarship for entrance and gradua-
tion impossible to a normal school located in a rural community. So,
also, the requisite practice work could be had in the numerous schools
of either of the large cities named. A State normal school should
be, in the strict sense of the word, a professional training school, or
normal college ; its chief function is not to provide a free high school
to those parts of the State that maintain no high school ; indeed, its
function is essentially different from that of a high school. Upon
the foundation laid by a thorough high school training it aims to
hm\d the professional superstructure summed up in the word
*' teacher." It is probable that for several years, or until our high
schools are more numerous and better organized and conducted, it
will be necessary for the State Normal School at Trenton to perform
more or less of their functions ; but the ideal towards which the State
Normal School should aim is that of a teachers' college, that is, a
strictly professional school. This ideal would be sooner reached if
there were several other normal schools in different parts of the State
to undertake and carry on the necessary work of academic instruction,
which during the evolution of any ideal system of professional train-
ing will doubtless be found necessary.
I cannot, therefore, recommend to your honorable board too
strongly that the initial steps should at once be taken to extend the
normal school system of the State until it shall embrace at least four
schools advantageously located and thoroughly organized and equipped
for the important work of training teachers.
Your attention is called to the fact that hardly more than ten per
cent, of the teachers in the State have been trained in the State
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 45
Normal School at Trenton. Any increase in its facilities, however
great, will scarcely enable it to keep up this percentage, so rapid and
steady is the present growth of population in our State. The action
of other States, to which allusion has been made, in establishing^
numerous normal schools, is deserving of your careful consideration.
The people of New Jersey are no less interested than the people of
other States in the education of their children and youth ; nor will
they be less willing to provide the requisite means when once the neces-
sity or desirableness of more normal schools shall be freely demon-
strated. It is only requisite that some one should point out the need
and lead the way. I would, therefore, most respectfully urge upon
the consideration of your honorable body the recommendation herein
contained.
For the full and detailed statistics concerning the work of the State
Normal School for the year 1893-94, the report of the principal, to
be found on page 193 of the appendix, should be consulted.
CITY BOARDS OF EXAMINERS.
Chapter LXXIV. of the Public Laws of 1885 makes the follow-
ing provision for the examication and licensing of teachers in cities :
" In every city having a board of education governed by special
laws, there may be a city board of examirers to consist of such mem-
bers as said board of education of that city may appoint ; said
examicers shall have power, subject to such rules and regulations as
may be prescribed by the city board of education, to grant certificates
of qualification, which shall be valid for all schools of that city ; and
no teacher shall be employed in any of the schools of that city unless
pos£e3sing such certificate, or a state certificate, nor in any school of a
higher grade than that for which said certificate lepresents the holder
to be qualified ; any city board of examiners may recognize the cer-
tificates of any other city, and without examination issue to the
holders certificates of a corresponding grade."
It will be seen by the foregoing that each city is practically a law
unto itself, and that the character and qualifications of its teaching
force will depend upon the rules and regulations prescribed by the
several boards of education.
It is to be regretted that the State department has hitherto exercised
no control over the examining and licensing of teachers in citie3, and
that, too, although the law seems to give the State Superintendent the
necessary power; for by Public Laws of 1867, Chapter CLXXIX.,
section 8, it is provided that "he [the State Superintendent] shall be
ex officio secretary of the board of education, president of the State
46 SCHOOL REPORT.
association of echool superintendents, and a member of the State
board of examiners, and of all county and city boards of examiners."
That the State Superintendent has not heretofore exercised his right
to sit as a member of every city board of examiners is due, most
likely, to the additional labor involved, as well as to a natural delicacy in
intruding himself upon possibly unwilling boards. I am inclined to
believe, however, that most city boards would be not only willing but
glad to have an officer of the State participate in their deliberations.
It would be an advantage to city examining boards to have among
Iheir number one who was also a member of other city boards, for the
purpose of acquainting them with the practice of each.
teachers' institutes.
Teachers' institutes were held during the year for all of the twen-
ty-one counties. Of these, three were joint institutes ; nine were
held for three days, six for two days, and three for one day only.
The small appropriation, to wit, $100, authorized by law for the
maintenance of each county teachers' institute, as stated in my report
for last year, is wholly inadequate to secure the most competent and
experienced instructors. Indeed, if it were not that we were able to
call in to our assistance a number of superintendents and teachers of
our own State, it would be quite impossible to carry on the institutes
with any degree of success within the small appropriation.
An effort was made in framing the programmes to adapt the work
80 far as possible to the most pressing needs of the teachers of each
county. Compared with the institutes of previous years, I believe
that on the whole they were superior.
There are still, however, many points at which the institute work
could be strengthened.
In the first place, it would be a great gain, I believe, to employ
fewer instructors and to limit the number of topics discussed. There
is danger that in a multiplicity of suggestions and recommendations
few will be remembered and put into practice by the teachers. A few
points thoroughly developed and abundantly illustrated and enforced
would take a better hold of the memory and would be more likely to
gain a subsequent application in the school-room. The difficulty has
been, however, to find among our New Jersey superintendents and
teachers many who were either able or willing to give the time neces-
sary to thoroughly prepare for this special institute work. City
superintendents are unable to leave their own schools for long periods ;
principals and teachers find it still harder.
If we had, as in New York State, a corps of institute instructors
under State pay for the whole of the year, then this difficulty could
be overcome.
I am of the opinion that the time has come when a new departure
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 47
should be taken. The county institute, at its best, is neither so popu-
lar nor so useful as it was twenty years ago. The number of teachers
to be benefited by the general instruction that institutes give is grow-
ing less and less with each succeeding year. There are fewer novices
in the teaching ranks than formerly. The literature upon the science
and art of teaching is more abundant than it was ten years ago.
Superintendents and principals are gathering their teachers into classes
for study and instruction. County and city associations of teachers
for professional improvement are now quite common ; hence the
county institute, which was intended originally to perform the func-
tions of these several agencies, is not so greatly needed as in former
years. To stop the schools for two or three days each year in order
to bring the teachers of a county together is a serious undertaking.
The time of the teacher is valuable, the time of the children is still
more valuable. The school year is already too short. Two or three
days taken therefrom can be ill afiPorded unless the benefits received
are enough to compensate fully for the loss. A short institute, say
for one day only, if conducted by skilled instructors, even under the
present conditions, would doubtless be a profitable investment. It
would enable teachers to get together to compare notes — to take stock,
so to speak ; it would inspire them to go back to their school- rooms
and work with greater zeal and courage. The work of the institute
would not become irksome, the time spent would be well spent.
I am still of the opinion that my recommendation of last year, to
employ two or more State instructors to visit and inspect the schools
of every city and township, to meet teachers and school officers at
frequent intervals, to advise trustees concerning the specific needs of
each district or school, to hold general meetings of citizens and
teachers as often as may be, is the best solution of the problem of
raising the standard of the teaching corps throughout the State.
These persons should be selected by the State Board of Education
for their special qualifications for this particular kind of work. De-
voting their whole time to this duty of inspection, every school dis-
trict in the State could be visited once a year or oftener and an expert
opinion obtained as to the merits and defects of its schools.
The cost of these State inspectors would exceed somewhat the
present cost of the institutes ; but the benefits would be many times
as great.
VALUATION OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS.
The whole number of school buildings in the State owned by the
several districts is 1,701, and the total valuation of the same accord-
ing to the reports of county and city superintendents is $11,751,222.
In the table below is given the number of each class from $100 '^
less to $40,000 and upwards, together with the average value
€ach county and for the State :
48
SCHOOL REPORT.
COUNTIES.
Atlantic
Bergen
Burlington....
Camden
Cape May
Cumberland.
Essex
Gloucester
Hudson
Hunterdon...,
Mercer
Middlesex
Monmouth...,
Morris
Ocean
Passaic
Salem
Somerset
Sussex
Union
Warren
Total.,
|z;!>
J3!5_
a
^§
^§
|4,250 82-
5,988 2*
2,584 82
8,288 00-
2,432 3.5
4,014 42:
29,056 8*
2,316 07
31,093 86
1,357 79-
4,107 73
4,418 60
4,256 59-
3,166 37
2,004 03'
10,482 55
2,330 92'
2,199 41
1,516 16
16,230 00-
2,981 31
$6,908 42
It will be seen that Hudson county shows the highest average
valuation, namely, $31,093.86, and Essex county the next highest^
$29,056.84.
Union county also shows a high average, namely, $16,230, and also
Passaic county, $10,482.55.
The fact that these counties contain most of the larger cities of the
State explains the high comparative valuation of their school
buildings.
It is more economical to build and maintain a few large schools
than many small schools. There is danger, however, in carrying this
economy too far. Ordinarily a building should contain not to exceed
1,000 to 1,200 pupils.
This number is large enough for systematic and economical grading
and instruction ; it is as many as may safely be confined within the
narrow space usually allotted for a public school building in cities
where land is dear.
The herding of 1,500 to 2,500 children in a single school building,
as is done in not a few cities in the United States, must surely tend to
the detriment of vigor, growth and health.
Schools of a medium size and more of them, though not so
economically maintained, are altogether preferable.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
49
Below will be found similar data concerning the value of school
buildings in the several cities and villages of the State :
Q
^
^
o
o
>
«©.
9B-
§
3)
a
e
^
CITIES AND TOWNS.
a
3 -
0)
1
1
s
J2
o
3
■c
■C
?
o
6
|o
03
>d
CS .
"3
>
>
s =
t-C>
>-<=.
£h ^
^
^
aio
iB
£ a
£U5
J3 —
^-M
•^S.
cs
II
ll
1^
li
^
0)
>
<
1
1
1
1
$13,250 00
31,250 00
33,333 33
18 000 00
Atlantic City
4
1
3
2
1
1
3
21,666 66
10,2-50 00
Bordentown
1
1
2
2
1
2
4
6,333 33
8
9
3
24,604 63
1
15 000 00
2
17,500 00
1
1
1
33,333 33
6,000 00
26,711 11
15,000 00
12,000 00
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
14,100 OO
1
3
1
6,900 00
25,000 CO
1-
1
40,000 00
37,285 57
6
1
2
26,500 00
43,038 00
37,913 04
3
3
3
1
2
5
12
2
2
22,500 00
38,000 00
5,000 00
17,100 00
8,250 00
4,366 66
1
3
5
4
1
3
1
Millville
4
5
2
1
Montclair
1
1
55,666 66
1
1
45,000 00
13,733 33
Mount Holly
2
1
1
1
5
14
18
36,753 00
21,285 71
35,000 00
1
2
1
1
1
Nonh Plainfield
1
46,000 00
1
3
1
32,000 00
14,833 33
26,337 11
1
2
1
2
5
1
12
1
1
15,666 66
12,833 33
1
3
2
Plainfield
4
1
38,500 00
11,250 00
10,875 00
14,000 00
7,000 06
1
1
2
1
1
1
i
1
.)
31,666 66
9,500 00
12,500 00
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
24 250 00
1
3
6,000 00
10
8
1
9,746 57
70,000 00
8,100 00
29,000 00
20,000 00
11,666 66
1
1
6
1
1
Westfield
1
1
1
Woodbury
3
2
1
7,500 00
Total
14
53
33
57
105
49
?2 1,870 75
50
SCHOOL REPORT.
COST OF MAINTAINING SCHOOLS.
The statistics below relating to the cost of maintaining schools in
the cities and towns of the State will be found especially interesting :
CITIES AND TOWNS.
Asbury Park
Atlantic City
Bayonne
Belvidere
Bloomfield
Bordentown
Bridgeton
Burlington
Camden
Cranford
Dover..
Ea.st Orange
Egg Harbor City
Elizabeth
Englewood
Flemington
Freehold
Gloucester City
Hackensack (District 32)..
Hackettstown
Hammonton
Harrison
Hoboken
Jersey City
Kearny
Keyport
Lambertville
IiOng Branch
Madison,
Millville
Montclair
Morristown
Mount Holly
Newark
New Brunswick
Newton
North Plainfield
Orange
Passaic
Paterson
Perth Amboy
Phillipsburg
Plainfield
Princeton
Rahwav
Red Bank
Bidgewood
Rutherford
Salem
Somerville
Summit
Toms River
Trenton
Union Hill ,
Vineland
Washington
Westtield
West Hoboken
Woodbury
" o
$17 12
12 66
10 23
11 05
10 55
5 73
6 78
6 13
9 39
14 59
9 03
18 81
9 58
7 43
14 12
11 33
6 57
3 73
24 83
8 55
9 28
5 70
7 23
5 13
9 94
10 26
7 94
15 03
11 98
7 52
25 45
8 58
7 13
8 47
6 65
8 67
10 18
7 64
10 87
7 68
6 08
8 99
14 68
6 08
10 31
11 50
15 44
20 53
8 63
8 63
7 02
9 28
9 03
10 02
12 87
7 80
16 44
6 34
11 29
^cj
$19 94
16 08
15 27
13 67
18 67
15 63
10 00
9 73
14 69
20 00
10 85
23 89
12 84
12 94
25 96
14 59
9 92
9 96
24 95
10 63
10 94
16 04
12 50
12 82
12 10
11 37
20 09
17 68
19 61
10 28
28 65
11 50
11 83
16 46
12 53
12 73
13 30
19 19
13 71
12 88
10 86
14 33
20 42
13 57
13 84
15 68
17 76
24 05
11 36
10 91
22 40
12 52
17 84
13 33
14 17
9 18
20 23
8 91
14 02
^2
K B
0,0)
U 0)
$29 85
23 36
25 61
20 90
24 76
25 39
13 70
16 72
25 80
28 65
16 OS
33 10
17 43
18 57
36 59
20 60
15 32
19 63
34 94
15 29
19 27
25 14
20 11
19 55
19 15
16 43
20 09
25 21
28 71
15 05
40 36
23 99
18 47
23 75
15 90
18 79
18 31
26 77
22 36
18 97
16 39
17 63
29 18
22 68
20 07
21 73
26 94
35 82
14 32
16 42
37 71
19 23
24 21
18 84
19 92
14 87
29 55
13 75
23 97
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 51
The first column shows the cost per capita based upon the school
census, which includes all persons five to eighteen years of age ; the
second column shows the cost per capita based upon total enrollment ;
and the third column, based upon average attendance. The three
separate estimates are given since each is necessary in order to
determine with certainty the liberality or otherwise of a district in
respect to the maintenance of its schools.
On the basis of children of school age, Montclair takes the lead,
showing a cost per child of |25.45 ; Hackensack comes next with a
showing of $24.83 per child. The only other city or village showing
a cost of over $20 per child is Rutherford, $20.53. Above $15 per
child are the following : East Orange, $18.81 ; Asbury Park, $17.12;
Westfield, $16.44; Ridgewood, $15.44; and Long Branch, $15.03.
At the bottom of the list stands Gloucester City, showing a per capita
expense on total school census of only $3.73. This figure is phe-
nomenally low. I doubt whether it can be duplicated by any other
€ity in the United States, certainly not in the North and West.
This extremely low percentage is due to two facts, namely, the
large parochial school population and the large number of children
attending no school. Although Gloucester City is deficient in school
accommodations, yet the paucity of the same is by no means so great
as would appear upon the face of the figures. This will be shown by
the further comparison to be made of cost per capita based upon
actual attendance (last column). Next above Gloucester City we find
Jersey City, $5.70. This is also a phenomenally low figure, hardly
to be duplicated by any city of its size in the United States. The
reason is the same as that given for Gloucester City, namely, the
small percentage of resident children of school age who actually
attend school and for whom, therefore, provision has to be made.
Were a compulsory education law enacted and enforced whereby
Jersey City was compelled to make provision for all her children of
school age, quite a different per capita cost would be shown. Above
Jersey City and below $10 per child are the following : Harrison,
15.70 ; Bordentown, $5.73 ; West Hoboken, $6.34 ; Perth Amboy
and Princeton, $6.08; Freehold, $6.57; New Brunswick, $6.65;
Bridgeton, $6.78 ; Summit, $7.02 ; Mount Holly, $7.13; Hoboken,
$7.23; Millville,$7.52; Orange, $7.64 ; Paterson, $7.68 ; Washing-
ton, $7.80, and Lambertville, $7.94. Between $8 and $10 per capita,
based upon school census, are : Camden, Dover, Egg Harbor City,
Hackettstown, Hammonton, Kearny, Morristown, Newark, Newton,
Phillipsburg, Salem, Toms River and Trenton.
The fecond column, showing cost per capita reckoned upon total
annual enrollment, affords a still more satisfactory basis for deter-
mining which districts are making the larger comparative expendi-
tures to support their schools.
Here again it will be found that Montclair leads the list, showing
an expense of $28.65 per pupil enrolled. Englewood comes next,
52 SCHOOL REPORT.
$25.96, followed closely by Hackensack, $24 95 ; Rutherford, $24.05^
and East Orange, $23.89. Other places showing $20 and over per
capita upon enrollment are : Summit, $22.40 ; Plainfield, $20.42 ;:
Westfield, $20.23; Lambertville, $20.09, and Cranford, $20.
At the foot of the list stands West Hoboken, $8.91 per child
enrolled. Other places below $ 10 per child are the following :
Washington, $9.18; Burlington, $9.73 ; Freehold, $9.92 ; Gloucester
City, $9.96. Bridgeton shows just $10 cost per child enrolled.
The following list of the larger cities shows this variation of cost
per child, based upon enrollment : Trenton, $17.84 ; Newark, $16.46 1.
Camden, $14.69; Elizabeth, $12.94; Paterson, $12.88; Jersey City,
$12.82; New Brunswick, $12.53, and Hoboken, $12.50. It will be
observed that the last five of the foregoing list of cities show a
remarkably close approximation of cost according to this estimate.
Trenton, Newark and Camden deserve especial commendation.
Their conditions are not unlike those existing in the other cities of the-
list. The showing would seem, therefore, to indicate a greater
liberality on the part of these cities.
In the third column is shown the per capita cost based upon-
average attendance. These figures show more nearly the actual net
cost of maintaining the schools, since based upon the average number
of children in daily attendance.
Highest in the list is Montclair, which expended the remarkably
liberal sum of $40.36 for each child in average attendance during the
year 1893-94. Next to Montclair comes Summit, $37.71. Above
$30 per child are: Eoglewood, $36.59 ; Rutherford, $35.82 ; Hack-
ensack, $34.94, and East Orange, $33.10.
Above $25 per child are the following: Asbury Park, $29 85;^
Westfield, $29.55; Plainfield, $29.18; Madison, $28.71; Cranford,
$28.65; Ridgewood, $26.94; Orange, $26.77; Camden, $25.80;
Bayonne, $25.61; Bordentown, $25.39; Long Branch, $25.21, and
Harrison, $25.14.
Lowest on the list stands Bridgeton, having expended only the
small sum of $13.70 per child in average attendance for the year
1893-94 Compared with Montclair, $40.36, the city of Bridgeton
can hardly lay claim to a liberal expenditure for the support of public
schools. Compared even with cities of the first and second class, the
showing is likewise not flattering to the public spirit of the city of
Bridgeton. Next to Bridgeton we find West Hoboken (at the other
end of the State), showing the exceptionally low cost of $13.75 per
child.
Next follow in order: Salem, $14.32 ; Washington, $14.87 ; Mill-
ville, $15.05 ; Hackettstown, $15 29 ; Freehold, $15.32 ; New Bruns-
wick, $15.90; Dover, $16.05; Perth Amboy, $16.39; Somerville,.
$16.42; Keyport, $16.43 ; Burlington, $16.72.
Other cities and towns below $20 per child are : Egg Harbor City,.
Elizabeth, Gloucester City, Hammonton, Jersey City, Kearny, Mount
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
53
Holly, Newton, North Plainfield, Paterson, Phillipsburg, Toms
River, Union Hill and Vineland.
A comparison of the larger cities shows the following difference in
cost of maintaining schools, reckoned upon average attendance,
which is the most equitable and satisfactory basis : Camden, $25.80
(last year $29.32); Trenton, §24.21 (last year $31.17); Newark,
123.75 (last year $24.96); Hoboken, $20.11 (last year $25.59); Jer-
sey City, $19.55 (last year $11.54); Paterson, $18.97 (last year
120.76); Elizabeth, $18 57 (last year $23.27), and New Brunswick,
115 90 (last year $20.82).
Below is a table giving similar data for the counties of the State,
which will include the cities and towns :
a
„
a
o
o,;
o .
^2
Sl
ss
a^ s
ftS
as
a-s
« o
y. s
COUITTIES.
a- —
c^
O iJ
^s
.gs
55
c3 CO
as
«l
i-B
p
u a
si
Sg
S&
Atlantic
$10 66
$13 35
$21 2S
12 04
15 62
6 34
9 61
17 70
23 41
■Camden
8 04
:3 13
8 45
10 08
Cumberland
7 65
9 25
13 39
Essex
9 51
17 61
25 76
8 50
10 58
Hudson
6 11
12 65
19 66
Hunterdon
7 75
11 34
18 14
Mercer
8 69
15 26
23 41
Middlesex
6 88
11 32
30 19
Monmouth
10 24
12 61
21 26
Morris
7 88
11 22
18 76
7 37
8 77
15 99
19 31
Passaic
7 93
12 51
Salem..
7 50
9 11
15 97
Somerset
7 80
11 06
19 06
Sussex
8 91
10 32
18 SO
Union
9 84
15 49
22 88
7 78
9 91
15 81
$6 70
110 78
|18 12
It appears from the foregoing that the average cost per child for
the entire State, based upon the whole number of children of school
age in the State (5 to 18 years), as shown by the last census, was
$6.70. This is a loss of $0 86 per child from the year preceding.
Above the State average are the following counties : Atlantic, Ber-
fen, Camden, Cape May, Cumberland, Essex, Gloucester, Hunterdon,
lercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Ocean, Passaic, Salem, Som-
erset, Sussex, Union, Warren.
The cost per capita reckoned upon total enrollment is a more satis-
factory basis of comparison as to cost of maintaining schools. Upon
this basis, the average for the State is shown to be $10.78, a decrease
over the preceding year of $0.13.
54 SCHOOL REPORT.
Above the State average are the following counties : Atlantic, Ber-
gen, Camden, Essex, Hudson, Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex, Mon-
mouth, Morris, Passaic, Somerset, Union.
Still more just is a comparison such as that shown in the outside^
column, based upon average attendance. The principal cost of main-
taining schools is included in these items, to wit, teachers' wages, fuel
and text-books. Hence a comparison will show the liberality, or
otherwise, of the several counties in respect to these expenditures.
Permanent expenditures, as for buildings, furniture and repairs,,
are not included in this estimate, but only current expenses.
The average for the State is shown to be |18.12, a loss over the
year preceding of $3.06.
Above the average for the State are the following counties in this
order : Atlantic, Bergen, Camden, Essex, Gloucester, Hudson, Hun-
terdon, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Passaic, Somerset,
Sussex, Union.
It will be seen that E^sex takes the lead, as in former years.
Below the State average are Burlington, Cape May, Cumberland,.
Ocean, Salem and Warren counties.
Lowest on the list is Cumberland county, showing an average cost-
per child of $13.39.
DISTKICTS AND TAXES.
The following table compiled from the reports of county and city-
superintendents gives important data concerning the number of town-
ships and cities, number of school districts, length of the school year,,
number of districts raising a special tax for any purpose, &c., for the-
year 1893-94:
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
55
■rr
^
^
^
^
•SJ3
a
a
■5 o
3»
s
s
y,
C3
0
A
a- V
is -3
•c
■c
n
•°a
m
£ =
^
COUNTIES.
'S
i
a
o
o
Cm
5 o
O fl
TO -^
a) —
sa
.2 a
> .
Is
■^ 0
«^fl
- 0
g
a
•si
'§ .
TO «)
•a 3
■" 0
So
h 0
'■C M
'P'S
IS
.~. 0
ll
5*
ts 3
CO c3
'■3
0
h o
s?
o
j:^:
x: M
X! a
£1 <l>
^ 0
•° 0
.0
a
3
'A
a
3
a?
Il
Si
S*"
5 y.
Z,3
!^^
a
1
15
38
48
80
4
44
75
12
60
15
56
9
39
9
28
5
8
Burlington
28
107
5
24
78
14
26
10
4
8J
10
12
47
36
2
45
35
22
12
n
11
10
10
35
4
Cape May
1
18
12
13
16
63
33
63
63
33
65
22
16
19
36
20
42
12
12
4
7
9
22
22
4
Gloucester
18
11
18
10
13
16
17
13
8
12
9
16
12
20
15
107
55
79
115
108
58
41
68
71
99
24
89
i"
i "
1
1
2 ""
i '
1
4
'4'"
20
4
15
105
54
74
114
103
38
35
68
68
96
24
84
11
2"'
22
8
26
16
19
2
9
10
22
10
12
7"
26
11
15
10
15
4
5
9
23
7
6
5
9
6
6
7
12
2
3
10
6
15
i"
107
44
49
3
23
97
72
38
2
1
16
63
3
3
'5'
59
85
21
1
I
75
Total
319
1,408
16
76
1,316
334
361
180
159
887
It will be seen from the foregoing table that the whole number of
townships and cities in the State is 319 and the whole number of
school districts 1,408. Under the operation of the Township School
act the number of school districts will hereafter be the same as the
number of townships, cities and boroughs, or only about one- fourth
as many as for the year 1893-94.
The effect of this reduction in the number of separate school juris-
dictions will inure to greater economy in administration. Under the
old system of three trustees for every school district there were in
the State about 4,300 school officers. Under the present law with
nine trustees to each district, owing to fewer districts, the whole
number of trustees in the State will be about 2,800 only.
It is believed that if the law were amended so as to reduce the
number of trustees to three for each district, not including cities, the
general administration of the schools would be benefited. Too many
trustees tend to division of responsibility; nor are the schools any
more carefully looked after by the greater number. I expect to see
a general demand throughout the State to reduce the number of
school trustees, and would recommend legislation to anticipate the
same.
56 SCHOOL REPORT.
The law requires all schools to be kept open nine months in the
year in order to receive any part of the public money. Exceptions
are made, however, of schools opened for the first time during the
year, or closed for temporary repairs. There were 16 districts only
in the State that kept open less than six months, and 76 less than
nine months. The corresponding figures for the year preceding were
14 districts that kept open less than six months and 90 districts less
than nine months. It is apparent, therefore, that the intimation
made a year ago that districts would be required to adhere more
closely to the letter of the law has had a favorable eflPect.
The number of districts that laised taxes to pay teachers' salaries
was 334, as against 345 for the j ear preceding. To build school-
houses, 361 districts raised a local tax. Last year 421 districts made
an appropriation for the fame purpose.
To pay debt and interest, 1 80 districts raised a special tax, as against
181 for the previous year.
For text- books and apparatus, 159 districts raised a special lax;
last year only 119 districts raised any local tax for that purpose.
The number of districts that raised no tax for the year 1893-94
was 887, as against 799 for the previous year. Under ordinary cir-
cumstances it might be rightly inferred that the failure of as many
districts to tax themselves for school purposes as in former years was
an indication of a waning regard for the benefits conferred by the
schools. But, as I have frequently had reason to state in this report,
the yfar 1893-94 has been unparalleled in recent times for its finan-
cial stringency.
It is not, therefore, a matter of surprise that so few school districts
raised local taxes to supplement the State tax, which unfortunately fell
off a quarter of a million of dollars, as previously stated ; it is rather
to be wondered at that, despite all considerations of hard times and a
general feeling of poverty, so many districts taxed themselves volun-
tarily in order that the cause of public education might in no wise suffer.
N,UMBER AND CHARACTER OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS.
The progressive development of a State school system can be best
ascertained by an actual inspection of the work accomplished within
the precincts of its school-rooms ; but we can safely infer such develop-
ment by the number, character and cost of the new buildings erected
from year to year. A liberal provision for new school buildings, and,
still more, a wise consideration of the needs of a school building, indi-
cate an open-eyed and appreciative regard for the advantages of public
education.
Show me a township or borough where any considerable number
of school buildings are old, dilapidated and unsuitable, where the
general surroundings are unimproved or unattractive, and no further
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
57
evidence is needed that the people of the township or borough are
>^ead to the benefits of an education for their children and indifferent
as to whether the schools be good or bad.
So reliable is this evidence based upon the condition of school
buildings that it may be considered a barometer to measure the com-
parative value of the school systems of different localities.
The reason for this is so obvious that I hardly need state it. Good
schools depend primarily upon good teachers ; secondarily, upon a
favorable environment, which includes not only suitable buildings,
appliances, books and supplies of various kinds, but particularly an
appreciative sentiment in the homes of the children. That this senti-
ment is lacking is shown, with almost infallible certainty, by the
dilapidated school- houses. Hence it is that I desire to call your
attention to the following data concerning school buildings and their
improvement for the year of this report :
•COUNTIES.
i
§
.a
3
o
t
o
u
01
x>
s
3
iz;
Number owned.
1
1
5
s
8
1
15
II
M a
o 5
||
It
-0)
1
0,
1
2 3
Atlantic.
Bergen
59
85
122
88
36
104
104
70
59
109
80
88
131
113
58
66
76
72
100
40
94
55
85
112
84
34
104
92
70
57
109
76
85
129
113
55
63
76
72
99
40
91
4
"lo'
4
2
3
22
33
24
55
62
88
56
36
31
31
60
7
84
48
66
112
87
66
38
63
61
85
20
60
1
1
1
8
132
226
220
322
60
275
722
135
784
150
222
198
283
199
Si
352
136
120
126
232
171
6,388
10,178
10,620
14,812
3,028
10,102
39,811
6,486
3fi,810
7,375
10,623
9,956
17,742
9,683
4,374
15,765
6,256
5,273
5,490
10,214
8,758
4
5
4
2
48
45
3
1
4
4
2
4
4
1
46
50
37
55
48
45
■Cape May
11
72
6
52
5
30
22
18
'I
27
13
9
10
19
19
62
1
4
12
. ......
9
6
Hudson
Hunterdon
20
2
4
3
2
48
50
62
48
52
46
49
1
8
7
4
2
15
1
2
4
........
Monmouth
1
9
Ocean
3
3
1
2
■Salem
Somerset
2
5
1
15
1
2
rSussex
1
43
Warren
3
51
Total
1,754
1,701
53
414
1,206
134
5,139
249,844
33
74
From an inspection of the foregoing, it will be seen that the whole
number of school-houses in the State is 1,754. This is a gain of 29
over the number reported a year ago. In the next to the last column
will be found the number of new buildings in each of the twenty- one
counties. Bergen county still continues to take the lead. Five new
buildings were erected in Bergen county alone, nearly one-sixth of
the whole number erected in the entire State. Last year Bergen
county erected eight new school buildings, about one-fourth of the
58 SCHOOL REPORT.
whole number erected in the State. This extraordinary activity in a
single county is due to several causes.
Its proximity to New York is fast making Bergen county the
home for a progressive, well-to-do class of citizens, whose business-
connections are in the great metropolis. The development and
general growth of population of this section of the State is without
doubt more rapid and relatively greater than that of any other section.
There must be added to this factor, however, one of scarcely less
importance, namely, the tireless energy and indefatigable industry of
County Superintendent Terhune. He has labored incessantly ta
arouse and foster among the districts of his county an emulation to
have the best school buildings.
True, an equal amount of effort would have failed to achieve so
large results in counties where there was less activity in real estate
development ; but, nevertheless, no small amount of credit is due to
a school officer who, after exhausting all the acts of persuasion, uses-
the full power conferred upon him by law to force districts to pro-
vide suitable school buildings.
Of the whole number of school buildings, 1,701, a gain of 27, are
owned by the districts ; and 53, a net gain of 2, are rented.
The increase of two in rented buildings is to be taken as a good
indication, and not otherwise ; for in Essex county, where the growtb
in population has been large, three additional rented buildings are-
reported, making 12 in all. So rapid has been the increase of popu-
lation in this county that new buildings to accommodate all the
children were out of the question ; it was, therefore, the part of
wisdom to afiord present facilities by rented buildings rather than to-
deprive any considerable number of children of the means of an
education.
The report shows also that of a total of 1,754 school buildings, 414
are constructed of brick, 1,206 of wood and 134 of stone. This-
shows a decrease of 33 buildings constructed of wood. The tendency
to build a better and more enduring class of structures for school
purposes is clearly evinced by the above showing.
The total number of class-rooms reported is 5,139, a gain of 132
over the year preceding. Dividing 132 by 33, the number of new
buildings erected, we find that each new building has averaged to
furnish us with four additional class-rooms. This means that many
of the new buildings have simply taken the place of previous build-
ings that have been disused or demolished.
The number of children the school-houses will seat comfortably i»
stated in the table above as 249,844. The corresponding figures for
last year were 240,948. This shows an increase in seating accom-
modations of 8,896, which is very gratifying.
Dividing 8,896 by 33, the number of new buildings erected, and
we have 272 as the average additional seating capacity of the new
buildings. Taking into consideration the fact that many of the new
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 5»
buildings replace others that cease to be used for school purposes, and
we must conclude that to give 8,896 additional sittings, the new
buildings are, for the most part, good-sized structures.
And here I may be allowed to repeat what I have said in previous
reports, that, as a rule, in a thriving community it is wise, as well as
economical, to build school- houses too large for actual present needs;,
it is well to forestall the future and to be prepared for the natural
increase of population that most districts in our State are certain to
experience. To build a four-room school building which will simply
suffice for present needs, at a cost hardly less than a six-room build-
ing, is a kind of present economy that in the light of the future will
appear as extravagance.
Of the counties showing a large gain in accommodations, Hudson
county takes the lead with a reported increase of 2,154 sittings.
Bergen county takes second place with an increase of 1,108 sittings.
The whole number of buildings enlarged, refurnished or remodeled
during the year is 74. Attention is called to the fact that nine
counties report no new buildings erected during the year, and four
counties, including Burlington, Hunterdon, Mercer and Union
counties, report no buildings enlarged, remodeled or repaired.
In order to show, furthermore, the comparative improvement of
rural with village and city localities, I have prepared the following^
table, exhibiting similar data in respect to the school buildings of the
last named :
<80
SCHOOL REPORT.
CITIES AND
TOWNS.
i
3
O
a
O
c
0
Z
1
1
1,
c
o
1
s
1
o
s
V
u
i
pq
i
1
i
m
tf.
1
1
o
o
%
s
1
1' t5
£|
c
% .
o =3
III
mi
is
11
Is
U4
5.
'SI
II
u
in
a
2
si
II
5
4
1
4
2
5
6
20
1
2
3
3
9
2
1
2
5
1
1
7
2
23
4
1
3
10
4
12
2
3
47
8
1
1
5
l5
3
6
5
2
4
2
1
3
. 6
2
1
1
25
2
8
1
2
3
6
4
4
e
1
4
2
5
6
19
1
2
3
1
9
2
1
2
5
1
1
7
2
6
23
4
1
3
10
4
12
2
2
3
39
7
1
1
5
6
18
2
6
5
2
4
1
1
3
6
2
1
1
21
2
8
1
2
1
6
1
1
1
6
1
4
3
1
24
46
59
7
42
15
41
22
201
7
18
29
7
85
13
7
12
13
10
14
14
16
139
421
30
11
14
53
8
42
40
23
19
480
57
12
20
20
44
258
19
42
51
10
28
16
5
15
30
13
6
5
144
40
25
11
10
36
21
1,300
2,306
2,507
400
1,507
576
2,070
968
8,974
312
931
2,750
350
4,352
487
380
600
730
318
600
636
800
7,084
18,579
1,600
1,000
630
3,300
350
1,942
1,507
1.225
850
25,749
2,705
478
580
2,175
2,216
10,767
943
1,748
2,040
430
1,203
800
208
786
1,330
580
225
300
6,900
1,848
1,100
600
500
1,870
950
54
50
1
43
57
4
1
2
1
33
1
3
5
17
......
3
1
8
38
I
SO
.......
44
3
45
1
45
52
.......
......
........
1
1
90
50
Elizabeth
50
i
37
1
1
3
1
1
54
1
2
50
Oloucester City
1
56
31
.......
43
7
••••••••
45
2
7
22
4
1
3
5
3
8
2
2
3
41
7
1
1
5
5
20
3
5
5
1
2
1
50
1
I
4
50
1
1
44
53
'A
5
1
4
........
63
44
Millville
43
38
1
S3
........
1
45
8
1
1
1
S3
47
40
North Plainfield/
29
109
1
1
1
2
1
1
50
42
50
1
40
Plainfield
50
1
2
1
1
. 2
1
1
' i
43
43
Red Bank
1
50
41
Rutherford
1
5
1
1
...„„..
2
8
1
1
2
3
52
44
SomervUle
44
38
Toms River
.......
60
Trenton
48
Union Hill
46
Vinelaud
44
AVashington
55
Westfield
1
1
3
50
West Hoboken
2
52
AToodbury
45
Total
335
310
26
265
64
6
2,920
130,952
8
8
Comparing the above with the preceding county table it will be seen
that 335 school buildings containing 2,920 class-rooms and accommo-
dating 130,954 pupils are to be accredited to urban communities.
Deducting these several items from the corresponding data for the
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 61
county as a whole we find as follows : For the accommodation of
children in rural districts, 1,419 school buildings containing 1,862
class-rooms and accommodating 125,467 pupils. That is to say, with
three times as many buildings the rural schools have less than two-
thirds the number of class-rooms and about 5,000 fewer pupils.
From the foregoing data important inferences can be drawn as to
the comparative cost of maintaining schools of equal grade in rural as
compared with urban communities. The larger number of school
buildings in proportion to number of children accommodated means
a larger first cost for their erection, excepting the one item of land,
which is cheaper in the country. So also for their repairs and main-
tenance the percentage of cost is correspondingly greater.
With about the same number of pupils (5,000 less in rural schools)
the rural schools have less than two-thirds the number of class-rooms.
This means that the average number of pupils to the teacher is greater
in the country than in cities and villages. Bearing in mind that
many rural schools register an exceptionally small number of pupils,,
in many cases not more than 10 to 15, it may be inferred that
another class of rural schools is greatly overcrowded, even more so
than city schools. This is a fact that, I apprehend, is not generally
understood.
Overcrowding in cities is by no means unusual ; it is one of the
defects of city schools most commonly alluded to ; but the above data
show that overcrowding exists to an even larger extent in many of
our rural schools. How to secure in cities something like an equaliza-
tion of school registration is an easy matter, to wit, by the transfer of
pupils from one school that is overcrowded to a near-by school that is
not overcrowded.
But to transfer pupils in rural districts is rarely feasible, except by
transportation at public expense. And here I may be permitted to
call attention to that provision of the Township School act which
authorizes school districts to incur expense for the transportation of
children. In no small number of instances would it be found the
most practicable and economical solution of the question of temporary
overcrowding.
For permanent relief, however, the erection of new buildings or
the enlargement of old buildings will be found most satisfactory,
except for the accommodation of the older and more advanced pupils,
who, for the sake of better instruction as well as for economy, should
be brought together into some one or more schools centrally located.
It will be seen that Jersey City has surpassed all other cities of
the State in the number of buildings erected, remodeled and repaired
during the year, 5 in all.
By dividing the number of children accommodated by the number
of class-rooms, an approximation can be had to the average number
of pupils per teacher in the several cities and villages.
<82 SCHOOL REPORT.
These figures are shown in the outside column. They are only
proximate so far as regards the actual facts because of the inequality
of class-room registration. In the grammar department of city
schools, especially in the upper grades, classes are found numbering
not more than 15 or 20 pupils, while in the same school other classes
in the lower primary grades number as high as 75 pupils or upwards.
Irregularities of this sort should be corrected, so far as possible, by
division of classes that are too large and by consolidation of classes
that are very small. The facts set forth by the figures in the last
column are of the utmost importance. They are obtained by dividing
the total seating capacity by the number of class-rooms. It will be
observed that the majority of class-rooms in the State are intended to
accommodate 40 to 50 pupils. This is not an excessive number, pro-
vided class-rooms are of sufficient size to afford ample breathing-
space and are properly ventilated.
EVENING SCHOOLS.
The table below exhibits in brief the number of cities and towns in
the State maintaining evening schools, the number of evenings the
schools so maintained were kept open, the number of pupils enrolled,
the average attendance, the number of teachers employed, the average
salary per week paid teachers, the total expenditures for evening
schools, and the per cent, of evening school enrollment compared with
enrollment in the day schools :
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
63
CITIES AND TO^yNS.
Number of evenings the
scliools have been kept
open.
1
o
S
u
o
a
Ol
■s
>
1
o
>4
t
u
^
a, 0;
.3
1
II
if
4^ 4-3
a a
a, a
sg
11
a a
a; a>
'"^%
III
as
PH8.a
72
1,134
388
29
J9 57
?5,503 25
.106
78
71
80
70
300
645
2,804
225
150
234
962
149
7
11
52
9
5 64
7 62
7 70
7 55
748 00
1,760 00
7,338 00
1,330 00
.306
Hoboken
.068
.106
Kearny
.131
ilillville
65
50
280
120
117
75
9
4
4 16
17 00
531 65
720 00
.133
.079
94
36
4,237
108
2,332
60
92
3
1266
6 00
23,950 57
252 00
.145
.04
•Orange
68
125
25
475
12
191
1
5
10 50
5 40
267 64
1,500 00
.01
.168
Phillipsburg
^ed Bank,
Somerville
80
92
60
2
12 SO
275 00
.08
98
49
585
180
340
110
13
3
9 16
12 04
7,701 34
496 98
.078
073
"Washington
Westfield
42
72 40
2
9 00
175 00
.071
1,078
11,282 5.280
242
$5 61
152,519 43
.11
By an inspection of the above tabk it will be seen that the city of
Newark registered the largest number of pupils, to wit, 4,237, which
14 per cent, of the whole number of pupils enrolled in the
IS
day schools of the same city. Jersey City shows a total evening
school enrollment of 2,804, which is 10 per cent, of its day school
enrollment.
64 SCHOOL REPORT.
The highest enrollment in evening school?, compared with dajr
school enrollment, is shown by Harrison, namely, 30 per cent.
The whole number of evenings the schools were kept open varies
from 36 evenings in New Brunswick to 125 evenings in Passaic,
the average being 72 evenings.
A comparison of the average attendance (column three) with the
whole number enrolled (column two), will show that Camden, for
instance, secured a daily attendance of only about 34 per cent. ; Har-
rison, 50 per cent.; Hoboken, 36 per cent.; Jersey City, 34 per
cent., &c.
Again, a comparison of teachers with the whole number enrolled,
or still better, with the average attendance, shows the following
results : For Camden, one teacher for every 13 pupils in daily attend-
ance; Harrison, one teacher for every 21 pupils; Hoboken, one
teacher for every 21 pupils; Jersey City, one teacher for every 19"
pupils &c.
The highest average salary per week paid to teachers is shown by
Montclair, namely, $17 ; the next highest by Salem, Union Hill and
Newark, $12.50, $12.04 and $12 respectively. The city of Passaic
shows the lowest average salary, namely, $5.40.
The city of Newark expended the largest sum of money for even-
ing schools, to wit, $23,950.57 ; Trenton comes next with $7,701.34;.
Jersey City third with $7,338.
Comparing the total expenditures (next to last column) with
average number of pupils (third column), the five cities making the
largest expenditures per pupil, on account of evening schools, were as
follows: Trenton, $22.65 per pupil; Camden, $14.18; Newark,
$10.27; Hoboken, $7.52; Jersey City, $7.63.
The figures given in the last column, which show the per cent, of
evening school enrollment compared with day school enrollment, are
also instructive.
The experience of most communities in the matter of maintaining
evening schools is far from satisfactory. There are not a few well-
informed critics who affirm that the results are not commensurate
with the cost ; certainly not when compared with the results obtained
in the day schools.
The reasons for the comparative failure of evening schools are
numerous. The most common, as well as potent, is the often uncon-
trollable aversion of American youth, both male and female, to pass
their evenings under the restraints of the school- room. In coun-
tries where the control of children by their parents is more universal
and eiFective than with us, "evening schools are better attended;
children, if unwilling, are compelled by their parents to be regular
Mid prompt in attendance.
Another reason scarcely less important is that many of our evening
schools are not properly conducted. The teachers employed are young
and inexperienced — unable to deal with the complex conditions pre-
• REPORT OF SUPERIi^TENDENT. 65
vailing in evening classes. The great diversity of attainments of
pupils and consequent impossibility of close grading, the shortness of
the evening sessions and consequent necessity of the teachers working
rapidly, the difficulty that many teachers experience in relinquishing
their methodical day school routine — these are some of the drawbacks
to the efficiency of evening schools.
One or two practical suggestions may not be out of place :
1 The evening schools should be organized, supervised and taught
with as much care as the day schools.
2. The best teachers only should be employed — those who are
especially successful in dealing with special conditions. The slow
routine teacher will never succeed in the evening school. He must
be able to grasp quickly the diverse needs of his pupils, and must
have sufficient versatility of method to adapt his instruction to those
needs. Above all, the teacher must be profoundly sympathetic. The
pupils who attend evening schools are, as a rule, those who have
been unfortunate. Most of them are behind pupils of the same age
in their school studies. As a result of this we find extreme sensitive-
ness to praise or blame. Hence the teacher who can enter sympa-
thetically into the feelings of this class of pupils will succeed in
interesting and holding them. The cold and unsympathetic teacher
who is put in charge of an evening class, will, on the other hand,
drive his pupils out of school altogether after a few weeks.
ENROLLMENT AND CLASSIFICATION.
Below is shown the number of boys eni-olled in the schools of the
State during the year 1893-94, the number of girls enrolled, the
total number of children enrolled, the number of pupils in primary
grades, the number of pupils in grammar grades and the number of
pupils in high school grades :
66
SCHOOL REPORT.
c A i
C i i
£.!>. K
„
■o
•o
^Z^
n^
=
o
o
^ tt)j^
■S &«
S«o
2; ^ o
— V. o
c ^. i
a .
c
(D'O
M Cfl
m oa
■sS-
iS'O
COUNTIES.
ID c 5-
&g
■Eg
a'*
eg
fi ei'O >>
of."g
ot^^g
Sio- £
c '-
£8
o-g
I- O C >!
t-o = >>
t-M
umbe
and 2
lied i
gthe
umbe
and 2
lied i
gthe
Zi
1^
^^S.E
^.,!:.=
E- J a-c
^.=
^.£
^.5
2,852
2,761
5,613
3,706
1,636
271
Bergen
6,332
5,132
10,464
7,009
3,182
273
5,078
4,826
8,503
9,904
5,978
3,532
4.107
394
Canideu
8,276
16,779
12,183
489
1,251
1.252
2,503
1,613
780
110
5,176
20,923
5,170
10,346
6,416
3,439
10,439
491
20,900
41,823
29,376
2,008
3,178
25,022
3,083
24,844
6,261
3,953
37,405
2,237
71
49,866
11,350
1,111
3,488
5,627
4,876
3,159
5,547
6,647
11,174
9,596
3,656
2,635
356
7,624
6,<(51
3,137
413
Middlesex
4,720
2,820
425
7,748
5,106
7,091
14,839
8,902
6,137
5,221
716
Morris
4,829
9,935
3,411
387
2,091
1,934
4,025
2,194
1,560
271
9,680
2,932
9,697
19,377
14,602
4,153
612
Salem
2,656
5,588
3,857
1,610
121
Somerset
2,735
2,473
5,208
3,182
1,868
158
2,579
2,462
5,041
3,081
1,687
273
5,999
5,835
11,834
8,399
2,865
570
3,896
133,845
3,788
7,684
4,344
2,795
545
Total
130,662
264,507
179,968
74,464
10,064
The whole number of boys enrolled was 133,845 ; girls, 130,662 ;
total, 264,507.
The corresponding figures for the year preceding were boys,
125,970 ; girls, 123,618; total, 249,588. This shows a gain in one
year of 14,919 pupils — a gain unprecedented in the history of the
schools of the State.
As in former years the registration of boys exceeds that of girls.
Hudson county shows the largest number of children enrolled,
namely, 49,866. Essex county comes next, having a total enroll-
ment of 41,823. Of the remarkable increase in enrollment for the
whole State, to wit, 14,919, Hudson county contributed nearly one-
half, or, to be exact, 6,692. The Essex county enrollment increased
only 2,600.
In the last three columns is shown the classification of the pupils
enrolled in the schools of the State.
The primary grades include the first four years of the school
course; the grammar grades, the second four years; and the high
school grades, the third four years of the school course. This classi-
fication is the one now generally adopted throughout the country.
It will be seen that of the 264,507 pupils enrolled in all grades,
179,968, or 68 per cent., were in primary grades ; 74,464, or 28 per
cent., in grammar grades ; and 10,064, or 4 per cent., of high school
grades.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 67
The larger per cent, of pupils enrolled in primary grades attests
the importance of liberal provision for the first years of the school
course. It should be noted, also, in this connection that children of
the primary school age are often taught in classes numbering 50 to
75 pupils and by the least skilled and most inexperienced teachers.
This is one of the most serious evils in our American schools. The
conviction is daily gaining ground, however, and is being incorporated
into school legislation of not a few communities, that classes of young
children should be quite small and that the best teachers should be
assigned for their instruction.
The ratio of grammar grade pupils to primary grade pupils is not
far from the normal — a little more than 1 grammar pupil to 3
primary pupils. It should be the aim, however, of all school authori-
ties to increase this ratio. Two grammar and high school pupils to
every 3 primary grade pupils would come near the ideal classification.
Attention should be called to the fact that the proportion of high
school pupils is much too small — less than 4 per cent, of the whole
number. A thoroughly-organized and efficient system of public
schools should show not less than 8 to 10 per cent, of its whole
number of pupils registered in high schools.
Entering school at six years of age, pupils should complete the
course below the high school at fourteen years of age. A great
many pupils begin school at the age of five and complete the course
below the high school at thirteen years of age or even earlier. That
so few pupils continue into and through the high school period is due
principally to two causes :
1. That in many communities there are no good high schools for
pupils to attend.
2. That public opinion as to the utility of high school education
is not well enough grounded.
The best argument for the public high school in any community is
the high school itself. The experience of every community where
high schools have been established has yet to discover a single high
school abandoned that had ever gained a foothold. It is character-
istic of knowledge that the more of it one has the more of it one
wants. Light begets light. A community that has once enjoyed
the benefits of a good high school will never give it up. It is worthy
of remark, also, that in communities where high schools flourish,
elementary schools are most liberally supported. In fact, I know
of no better barometer by which to test the liberality of a community
towards the support of its elementary schools than the provision
made for the maintenance of its high schools. Where the sentiment
of a community is unfavorable to the maintenance of a high school, a
niggardly policy towards its elementary schools almost always pre-
68 SCHOOL REPORT.
vails. Nor is tte reason hard to find. An intelligent and liberally-
educated community, as might be expected, puts the higher estimate
upon education. Not the least of the many beneficent results to be
hoped for in the operation of the township system will be the means
it affords for establishing and maintaining a high school in nearly
every township of the State. wS^
In the following table will be found similar data to the^foregoing
in respect to the cities and villages :
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
69
t3 O
frt <ij
-.
^
^
a-a
c —
S*"
cs-^
S-a
— ,
i^.Z,
If? a
Bi iT
=
■s
■s
5*2
11^
a ^ '^i
?' ffi 1
2gi=
V,
p
o
2
CITIES A^B TOWNS.
c c 3
t< to'-'
111
=1
g
O 60
II
i»
CO
o
!-,a
05
~ So
i^^
S Cm
£ a
Sa
Sa
3 —
c «£
S «
a r-
3 W)
927
^S^
HifflC
f.S
^u,
t,B
956
1,883
1,230
517
136
Atlantic City
1,133
1,178
2,3U
1,503
661
147
1,820
162
1,764
3,584
350
2,4U
1,092
138
61
Belvidere
188
173
39
Bloomfield
592
595
1,187
923
189
75
293
256
549
321
197
31
Bridi?eton
1,122
1,237
2,359
1,462
722
175
522
5,158
488
5,528
1,010
10,686
677
8,178
229
2,387
104
Camden
121
162
586
1,301
146
553
1,316
168
308
1,139
2,617
196
753
1,693
249
69
345
735
43
41
239
176
344
80
15
Elizabeth
2,922
230
175
2,834
5,756
4,372
233
175
1,246
147
140
136
197
182
427
357
47
42
354
394
296
427
650
821
304
612
266
121
80
88
308
297
273
257
581
554
304
312
205
163
72
79
377
294
671
485
143
43
498
480
978
528
350
4,859
13,095
815
4,586
13,357
903
9,445
26,452
1,718
7,572
19,560
1,282
424
1,733
6,190
368
140
702
68
349
376
725
224
77
256
1,151
175
1,033
255
1,042
194
1,073
511
2,196
331
1,346
240
1,374
795
119
707
61
143
369
2,106
95
630
34
MiUville
102
Montclair
737
776
1,513
510
208
Morristown
533
551
1,084
706
298
80
429
445
874
502
302
70
14,471
14,574
29,045
21,004
6,938
729
181
182
1,030
1,324
256
363
1,351
280
381
2,675
536
744
1,720
305
526
226
SO
North Plainfield
36
1,191
1,157
1,467
2,348
2,819
1,542
637
69
1,352
6,737
1,573
lO.SJfi
937
1,066
2,254
382
180
6,749
682
13,486
1,400
406
718
81
767
787
1,554
1 ,655
1,421
406
93
Plainfield
1,052
994
2,046
461
164
238
644
405
117
372
553
369
146
134
223
635
384
144
346
585
408
125
121
461
1,279
789
261
718
1,138
271
255
290
863
465
179
446
1,033
498
135
170
171
382
272
71
272
63
228
114
48
34
52
11
42
46
22
Toms River
37
3,599
1,214
551
349
236
1,350
3,811
7,410
5,318
1,766
610
439
278
2,223
1,803
560
463
212
168
378
289
Town of Union
1,225
578
352
284
1,278
2,439
1,129
701
520
2,628
113
56
50
Westfield
74
WestHoboken
27
511
81,963
494
1,005
408
591
6
Total
82,581
164,544
117,276
40,350
6,695
70 SCHOOL REPORT.
Of the 164,544 pupils enrolled in the several grades, 117,276, or
71 per cent., were primary grade pupils; 40,350, or 25 per cent.^
grammar grade pupils, and 6,695, or 4 per cent., high school pupils.
It will be seen that the percentage of grammar and high school
pupils is greater in the cities and villages than in the State at large.
The following places show grammar grade pupils to primary grade
pupils in about the ratio of one to two : Asbury Park, Atlantic City,
Bayonne, Bordentown, Bridgeton, Dover, East Orange, Keyport,
Long Branch, Millville, Morristown, Mount Holly, Somerville,
Washington.
Above the ratio of one grammar grade pupil to two primary grade
pupils, are the following : Belvidere, Englewood, Flemington, Free-
hold, Hackensack, Hackettstown, Harrison, Long Branch, Montciairy
Newton, Passaic, Princeton, Red Bank, Rutherford, Summit, Vine-
land, Westfield, Woodbury.
Newark shows about one grammar grade to three primary grade
pupils ; Jersey City and Trenton, about the same. Paterson shows
one grammar grade pupil for every four primary pupils ; Camden
and Elizabeth a little better. West Hoboken shows the remarkable
record of 2,223 primary grade pupils to only 378 grammar grade
pupils, clearly a defective classification, and, if the figures be correct,
not creditable to the system of that township.
I desire to call the attention of school authorities to these compara-
tive statistics ; they show more forcibly and succinctly than is
otherwise possible, one of the most important matters in school
administration, to wit, the proper and efficient classification of pupils.
It can safely be said that any city of the first or second class
enrolling more than three pupils in its primary grades to one in its
grammar grades exhibits a defective system of gradation, if not of
instruction, but probably also of instruction in all cases.
It means that pupils are too long delayed in the lower grades •
promotions are not frequent enough ; crowded c' asses and poor
instruction prevail to block the rapid and continuous progress of
pupils.
In general, wherever such conditions prevail, the school authorities
should look into the matter and discover the cause and remedy.
Time is too precious, the school period of children too brief to allow
any such easily-remedied defects in school organization to stand in
the way of their progress.
The following places show an enrollment of high school pupils
exceeding ten per cent, of the whole number of pupils of all grades
enrolled : Belvidere, Burlington, Cranford, Englewood, Flemington,
Freehold, Gloucester City, Hackensack, Hackettstown, Keyport,
Lambertville, Montclair, Toms River and Westfield.
The following places show an enrollment of high school pupils
only slightly below the standard of 1 to 10 of the whole number
enrolled : Asbury Park, East Orange, Madison, Morristown, Mount
Holly, New Brunswick, Newton, Plainfield, Summit.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
71
Newark shows 1 high school pupil for about every 30 pupils
enrolled ; Jersey City, 1 high school pupil for every 37 pupils
enrolled ; Paterson shows 1 high school pupil for every 33 pupils
enrolled ; Trenton, 1 for every 26 ; Camden, 1 for every 88 ; Eliza-
beth, 1 for every 42 ; Hoboken, 1 for every 67. West Hoboken
shows 1 high school pupil for every 97 pupils enrolled.
From the foregoing data the following generalizations may be made :
1. The large cities show a much smaller percentage of high and
grammar grade pupils — of high school pupils less than a third as
many in proportion to enrollment — than the small cities and viDages.
2. Cities and villages having a large foreign-born population show
a smaller percentage of high and grammar grade pupils than cities
and villages containing a large native population.
3. The cities and villages showing the largest percentage of high
and grammar grade pupils are those known to be the most liberal
and progressive in all educational matters and particularly in respect
to a generous provision for elementary schools.
TEACHERS AND CLASSES.
There will be found grouped in the table below interesting data
concerning the total school enrollment of the State, average enroll-
ment, average daily attendance, number of teachers and number of
pupils per teacher :
COUNTIES.
- o
^ X 2
or) —
0) a- o
'Z
a
-•^
-
o
i;
-■-'
t
tJD
,-^
X3 O
^S
S.^
o 3
Co
Atlantic
Bergen
Burlington....
Camden
Cape May
Cumberland.
E.ssex
Gloucester.. .
Hudson
Hunterdon...
Mercer
Middlesex
Monmouth...
Morris
Ocean
Passaic
Salem
Somerset
Sussex
Union
Warren
Total.
.5,613
10,464
9,904
16,779
2,-503
10,346
41,823
6,261
49,866
6,647
11,174
9,596
14,8i!9
9,935
4,025
19,377
5,588
5,208
5,041
11,834
7,684
264,.507
4,004
7,292
6,200
10,911
1,721
6,789
32,492
S,872
35,179
4,178
8,398
6,881
10,058
6,779
2,644
14,074
3,655
3,460
3,274
8,792
5,332
185,185
3,529
6,421
5,381
9,415
1,473
5,946
28,591
3,344
32,080
3,598
7,281
6,119
8,780
5,938
2,207
12,599
3,225
3,022
2,812
8,015
4,819
164,598
101
149
1.59
298
30
170
749
99
761
100
214
178
185
148
53
316
98
93
87
226
130
4,314
126
195
200
317
55
195
810
119
815
150
231
194
261
199
84
352
118
112
125
250
166
5,C-4
72 SCHOOL REPORT.
The whole number of children enrolled in the schools of the State
for the year 1893-94 was 264,507. This is a loss over the year pre-
ceding of 12,171. The average number on roll was 185,185, or 70
per cent, of the whole number.
The average daily attendance was 164,598, or 62 per cent, of the
whole number enrolled, a gain of 2 per cent.
The whole number of teachers employed was 5,074, a gain of 206.
There was a decrease of 7 in the number of male teachers and an
increase of 213 in the number of female teachers.
In the outside column is shown the number of pupils per teacher
based upon average number on roll.
The several counties show a considerable variation, as, for instance,
Hudson county with one teacher for every 43 pupils in average
attendance, and Sussex county with one teacher for every 26 pupils
in average attendance.
These figures throw some light also upon the comparative cost of
maintaining the schools, since the chief expense is that for teachers'
salaries.
The larger the number of pupils per teacher, other things being
equal, the less the cost per child.
The highest salaries are paid, however, in Essex, Hudson and
others of the more populous counties, which is somewhat of an offset
to their large number of pupils per teacher. One must not be misled
by these averages into the belief that overcrowding does not exist in
the schools. Hudson county shows an average of only 43 pupils to a
teacher, yet owing to inequality of clasfe?, some teachers instruct 100
or more pupils and others 20 or even less. The average, therefore, is
only useful in determining comparative cost, &c.
Still more interesting and profitable will be a study of similar data
concerning the cities and towns of the State as shown in the table that
follows :
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
73
CITIES AXD TOWNS.
A.-sbuiv Park,
Atlantic City
Baj'onne
Belvidere
Bloonifield
Bordentown
Biidgeton
Burliufftou
Cainden
■Crantbrd
Dover ,
East Orange
E«j? Harbor City.,
iEiizabeth ,
Englewood
Flemington
Freehold
'Gloucester City
Hackensack
Hackettstown
Hammonton
Harrison
Hoboken
-Jersey City
Kearny
Keyport
iLambertville
Iiong Branch
Madison
Millville
Montclair
Morristown
Mount Holly
Newark
New Brunswick...
Isewton
North Plainfield .
■Orange
Passaic
Paterson
Perth Amboy
Phillipsburg
Plainfield
Princeton
Kahway
Red Bank
Ridgewood
Rutherford
Salem
Sonierville,
Summit
Toms River
Trenton
Town of Union....
Vineland
Washington
Westtield
West Hoboken
Woodbury
5 5 K
c " i
Total..
1,883
2,-3 U
3,584
3.50
1,187
549
2,359
1,010
10,686
308
1,139
2,617
344
5,7.56
427
3.'>7
650
821
581
554
671
978
9,445
26,452
1,718
725
511
2,196
369
2,106
1,513
1,084
874
29,045
2,675
536
744
2,348
2,819
].'!,486
1,400
1,554
2,046
461
1,279
789
261
718
1,138
772
271
2.55
7,410
2,439
1,129
7P1
520
2,628
1,005
164,.544
1,390
1,770
2,444
248
1,056
380
1,714
692
6,906
246
841
2,066
283
4,249
341
271
480
593
448
432
425
711
6,513
18,790
1,221
552
405
1,691
279
1,603
1,184
878
620
22,657
2,208
406
611
1,839
1,920
10,238
1,042
1,322
1,.590
329
985
631
184
525
966
569
185
190
6,166
1,831
844
491
394
1,960
664
122,472
1,2.59
1,.591
2,137
229
891
338
153
588
6,083
215
770
1,889
254
3,959
303
2.53
421
463
415
385
381
624
.5,872
17,351
1,086
.502
382
1,.537
252
143
1,074
820
560
20,132
2,107
363
557
1,683
1,766
9,177
927
1,263
1,432
276
882
569
172
482
903
513
161
166
5,461
1,726
803
433
356
1,703
588
107,981
■s'S
5 o
2
3
5
1
1
2
2
2
8
1
2
2
2
4
1
1
2
1
2
2
3
3
10
19
2
1
1
6
1
5
1
2
2
35
1
1
1
6
1
17
3
4
4
2
5
1
1
1
4
2
1
2
c •
■So
5 O
^ ft
33
46
69
6
29
10
39
15
196
6
18
57
5
88
10
6
10
10
12
143
434
26
10
13
28
22
16
469
53
10
15
53
45
240
17
32
52
7
21
14
4
15
20
11
5
3
152
31
21
10
10
35
17
20
59
92
11
7
11
12
10
12
13
15
153
453
28
11
14
44
42
29
24
18
504
54
11
16
59
46
257
20
36
46
9
26
15
5
16
24
13
6
5
159
34
22
12
11
37
20
74 SCHOOL REPORT.
Of the 264,507 children enrolled in the schools of the State^^
164,544 were enrolled in the schools of the cities and villages, a little
more than 62 per cent. Of the average enrollment for the State,^
namely, 185,185, 70 per cent., or 122,472, belonged to city and village
schools.
The average daily attendance of the State was 164,598 ; of the
cities and villages, 107,981, or 65 per cent.
It is obvious from the foregoing that the percentage of enrollment
and attendance was better in the city and village than in the rural
schools.
Again, of the whole number of teachers employed, 5,074, the cities
and villages had 3,009, or about three- fifths.
When we come to examine the outside column we find some re-
markable variations. The Town of Union shows one teacher for
every 54 pupils enrolled, while the average for all cities and villages
is only 40 pupils per teacher. West Hoboken ranks next to the
Town of Union, having one teacher for every 50 pupils. Jersey City
shows one teacher for every 41 pupils ; Newark, one teacher for every
34 pupils ; Paterson shows one teacher for every 39 pupils ; Trenton,,
one for every 38 pupils ; Elizabeth employs one teacher for every 46
pupils ; Atlantic City, one teacher for every 36 pupil?. So, also. Long
Branch has one teacher for every 36 pupils ; Asbury Park, one for
every 39 pupils.
There is no more interesting and valuable table in the whole report
than the foregoing.
So much depends upon the teacher as regards the success of any
system of instruction, and so important is it not to give a teacher too-
many pupils, that it is hoped the foregoing exhibit will serve a useful
purpose.
ENROLLMENT AND ATTENDANCE.
The accompanying table exhibits in a form for ready comparison
the total enrollment of pupils, the average enrollment, the average
daily attendance, the percentage of daily attendance based upon total
enrollment, the number of pupils neither absent nor tardy, &c. :
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
7&
COUNTIES.
Atlantic
Bergen
Burlington....
Camden
Cape May
Cumberland .
Essex
Gloucester
Hudson
Hunterdon....
Mercer
Middlesex
Monmouth....
Morris
Ocean
Passaic
Salem
Somerset
Sussex
Union
Warren
Total 264,507 179,305
~ So
2c£5
H.Q .-5
,613
,464
,904
,779
,503
,346
,823
,261
,866
,647
,174
,596
,839
,935
,035
,377
,588
,208
,041
,834
,684
4,004
7,292
6,200
10,911
1,721
3,090
32,492
3,872
35,179
4,17S
8,398
3,900
10,058
6,779
2,644
14,074
3,655
3,460
3,274
8,792
5,332
3,529
6,421
5,381
9,415
1,473
2,816
2S,.591
3,344
32,080
3,598
7,284
3,595
8,780
5,938
2,207
12,599
3,225
3,022
2,812
8,015
4,819
158,944
Li
-2
3 M ci
37
95
117
87
37
44
817
14
1,0.59
54
196
471
67
1.33
45
429
91
50
49
420
173
4,485
23,801
32,179
35,926
43,642
11,093
38,997
38,132
33,274
59,543
21,876
24,989
18,761
36,445
22,648
19,797
30,823
26,177
15,345
23,005
15,635
16,644
588,732
o.o
.94
1.24
5.28
1.25
1.38
.77
1.08
.41t
4.62
..50
.66
.60
1.24^
.91
1.05
.90
1
.69
.68
From the above it will be seen that the total number of pupil&
enrolled in the State for the year of this report was 264,507. The
average enrollment was only 179,305, or 67.84 per cent, of the total
enrollment. The average attendance was 158,944, or 60.08 per cent,
of the total enrollment. Compared with the corresponding data of
last year there is shown to be a gain of 14,919 in total enrollment
and a gain of 7,671 in average attendance.
The total number of cases of tardiness reported is 588,732 against
610,656 for the year preceding, a decrease of 21,924.
All of the above showing is exceedingly gratifying and indicates
the greater care that is being exercised in the administration of the
schools.
Similar data to the forf going for the cities and villages of the State
will be found in the table that follows :
76
SCHOOL REPORT.
1
m
,
Ci-i
^
Z = o
1
% 1
5 ■S
1
S3
tr 4>
CITIES AND TOWNS.
number of
n 5 and 20
rolled in the
the year.
o
1
s
s
a
be
1 —
S 0!
^ O
'M a-
"a
o
!!
O i.
^ o
1 =
= 5
'Z bo
= 1
_ i r ^
z
>
^ t
o
i
■2-
5 2 ?
_ g
25
'i2
<
< a.
3S
Zs?.
e5
< z
Asbury Park
1,883
1,390
1,259
91
2,822
.4
Atlantic City
2,311
1,770
1.591
89
13
5,807
.6
Bavonne
3,584
2,444
2,137
87
12
14,647
.17
350
1,187
248
1,056
229
891
92
84
13
18
791
7,313
.65
Bloomfield
1
Bordentown
549
880
338
89
1
396
.2
2,359
1,010
171
692
153
583
89
85
8
6
8,735
3,272
1.14
Burlington
1
Camden
10,686
6,906
6,083
88
42
13,823
7.17
308
1,139
2,617
814
246
841
2,066
283
215
770
1,>^89
254
89
68
91
89
4
46
30
2
1,079
496
696
1,148
.73
.14
.057
Esig Harbor City
.9
Elizabeth
5,756
427
357
4,249
341
271
3,959
303
253
94
97
93
279
1
4
2,063
203
866
.13
.1
Flemington
.26
650
821
5Sl
554
671
978
9,445
480
593
448
432
425
711
6,513
421
463
415
385
3S1
624
5,872
87
78
93
89
89
88
63
2,0!-6
7,494
710
182
3,136
1,214
7,429
.8
... . ^.^...
28
7
. ... ^.^...
3
.39
.07
1.3
.86
Hoboken
.80
Jersey City
26,452
18,790
17,351
92
840
22,532
.245
Kearnv
1,718
1,221
1,086
88
30
4,271
.91
725
511
2,196
552
405
1,691
502
382
1,537
91
94
90
24
12
18
414
1,108
1,1.39
2.18
.4
Long Branch
.4
369
2,106
279
160
252
143
68
86
19
1,319
7,839
.84
Millville
1.33
Montclair
1,513
1,184
1,074
90
4
6,343
1.1
1,084
874
29,045
873
620
22,657
820
560
20,132
75
90
88
45
33
641
560
2,874
7,100
.14
.9
Newark
.076
2,675
536
744
2,208
406
611
2,107
363
557
95
90
91
359
10
8
369
655
1,048
.03
.3
North Plainfield
.4
Orange
2,348
1,839
1,683
72
34
1,976
.17
2,819
13,486
1,920
10,238
1,766
9,177
62
70
17
405
7,400
14,264
.84
Paterson
.28
1,400
1,042
927
KS
34
1,508
.39
1,554
1,322
1 ,263
95
1,280
.16
Plaiutield
2,046
461
1,279
789
261
718
1,590
329
985"
631
184
525
1,432
276
882
569
172
482
91
84
90
90
93
92
63
4
18
8
22
6
3,065
5,896
1,118
3,952
497
2,408
.29
.3
.23
Ked Bank
1.3
.55
Kutherford
.5
1,138
271
255
7,410
189
1,129
701
966
569
185
190
6,166
126
844
494
903
513
161
166
5,461
118
803
433
93
90
87
86
85
94
95
87
70
18
4
2,062
2,135
636
993
7,108
89
39
707
.5
.84
1
1 08
189
Town of Union
.25
1.1
Washington
.29
Westfield
520
2,628
1,005
162,294
394
1,960
664
356
1,703
588
94
87
88
14
12
9
1,126
7,211
8,067
..57
1.2
Total
117,7S1
106.373
87
3,652
217,016
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
77
SALARIES OF TEACHERS.
An inspection of the following table will show the average monthly
salary paid to male and to female teachers in the several counties of
the State during the year 1893-94, and the increase or decrease as
compared with the corresponding figures for the year preceding :
o
f
<u
tc
a
Cai
,*
oi
o .
as
> ■
> •
^2
t.2
=s ?
=sS
ci a
afi
0) ^
o
0
COUNTIES.
ft"
■^ o
■" o
|-3
^ q
£•3
.2-d
.S'd
.2-d
|5
3 S
11
a, -a
1^
si
?1S
$69 08
90 36
55 75
?44 71
f 4 67
79
57
$2 3r
49 33
39 39
$0 56
30
97 36
45 42
2 02
80-
51 51
36 62
2 30
49
54 26
35 24
44
11
167 96
67 60
117 24
50 53
100 59
81 30
65 63
60 38
45 9S
60 92
40 18
44 85
33 97
45 66
44 27
39 53
42 37
37 37
*1 57
5 77
7 20
1 52
1 05
9 16
3 62
3 71
5
"Voi"'
3 95-
4 26
42
3 35
37
2 85
3
2 35
Ocean
94 31
52 42
61 21
45 29
121 77
45 37
36 26
38 %7
35 41
46 54
50
3 30
12 08
2 18
58
" 2"06"'
7 82
"■"l 34"
49
3 68
Union
51 69
33 76
7
1 33
?79 84
$45 49
It will be seen by the foregoing that the average monthly salary
paid to men, for the State at large, was $79 84, which is a decrease
of fifteen cents from the preceding year.
The average monthly salary paid to women, for the State at large,
was $45.49, which is a decrease of $2 24. Doubtless this general
decrease was due to the prevailing business depression and the con-
sequent desire to make the cost of schools as low as possible. The
small average decrease of fifteen cents suffered by men is trifling. It
is probable that no class of labor suffered less because of the hard
times. The decrease of $2.24 in the average monthly salary paid to
women is more conspicuous, since their salaries at best are very low.
Seven counties, Essex, Gloucester, Hudson, Middlesex, Sussex, Union
and Warren show an increase in the salary paid to men. Union
county shows the largest increase, namely, $7,82; Hudson shows an^
increase nearly as great, namely, $7.20.
78 SCHOOL REPORT.
Of the counties showing a falling off in salaries paid to men,
Somerset takes the lead with a decrease of $12.08.
Ten of the twenty- one counties show an increase in the salaries
paid to women. Middlesex county shows the largest increase, to wit,
14.26.
Hudson county offsets its increase of $7.20 paid to men by a
-decrease of $9.16 in the monthly salary paid to women.
In general, there is just cause for congratulation that during a
period of unparalleled business depression the salaries of public
school teachers have suffered so little. There is a widespread feel-
ing on the part of the public, generally, that teachers are underpaid.
This feeling is growing stronger every year. It is by no means un-
likely that with the recovery of business prosperity daring the next
few years the salaries of teachers will be advanced to a higher figure
than ever before.
The following table furnishes similar data concerning the cities
and villages of the State :
REPORT OF SUPERINTE^^DENT.
79
CITIES AND TOWNS.
Asbury Park
Atlantic City
Bayonne
Belvidere
Bloomfleld
IBordentown
Bridgeton
Burlington
■Camden
Crauford
Dover
East Orange
Egg Harbor City..
Elizabeth
Englewood
Flemingtou
FreeUold
Oloucester City
Hackensack
Hackettstown
Hammonton
Harrison
Hoboken
Jersey City
Kearny,
Keyport
Lambertville ,.
liOug Branch
Madison
Millville
Montclair
Morristown
Mount Holly
IS^ewark
New Brunswick ..
Newton
North Plainfield.,
Orange ,
Passaic
Pater.son
Perth Amboy ,
Phillipsburg
Plainfield
Princeton
Rahway ,
Red Bank
Ridgewood
Rutherford
Salem
Somerville
Summit
Toms River..
Trenton .
Town of Union....
Vineland
Washington
Westtield
West Hoboken....
Woodbury
Average $139 37
CO
0)73
<! ft
:JU5 00
147 75
154 64
100 00
200 00
86 90
95 00
92 68
150 86
96 00
107 50
110 00
80 56
175 61
175 61
12 1 50
111 00
100 00
157 90
80 00
63 71
146 67
143 84
191 60
119 22
147 36
104 61
114 00
150 00
65 00
350 00
132 50
102 00
190 00
150 00
150 00
141 78
150 00
120 00
130 00
100 00
72 50
140 00
110 00
96 00
46 50
133 33
170 00
60 00
95 00
162 16
77 50
151 43
103 08
133 33
75 00
189 05
128 50
83 33
^a
a'3
$50 96
50 49
63 77
38 33
47 50
41 24
36 83
42 15
47 08
44 05
49 16
56 70
51 12
51 94
62 05
46 40
45 00
47 72
56 22
35 25
37 23
53 46
62 52
56 56
48 61
45 52
43 88
55 00
59 16
31 40
63 50
55 83
38 12
65 00
55 00
41 00
51 87
52 00
48 83
45 00
47 20
42 03
52 21
35 86
44 05
34 50
60 42
56 67
41 64
45 00
66 43
36 66
51 eo
45 34
43 55
36 00
62 63
37 18
45 59
$17 50
4 14
52 50
1 67
2 21
3 51
10 00
5 00
4 30
23 23
1 50
1 00
12 27
2 50
7 59
10 00
12 56'
8 16
2 50
1
64 65"
ii'os'
$2 07
52 50
"4"39
11 69
6 66
27 54
n"l9
23 17
18 60
1 50
U"25"
10 00
55 00
15 23
3 34
$2 56
3 27
3 85
11 00
59
1 49
2 71
1 83
2 70
52
94
1 00
3 75
1 91
3 57
78
3 61
4 14
1 00
1 97
1 20
3 64
7 00
8 23
13
3 07
2 08
2 93
83
5 73
2 21
2 55
According to the figures shown, Montclair paid the highest average
salary to men, namely, $350 per month. Next to Montclair comes
Bloomfield with $200 per month. Jersey City paid its male teachers
an average salary of $191.60; Newark, an average salary of $190;
80 SCHOOL KEPORT.
Paterson, $130; Trenton, $151.43; Camden, $150.86; Hoboken,,
$ 143.84 ; Elizabeth, $175.61. Paterson, it will be seen, of the larger
cities of the State, paid the lowest average salary to its male teachers.
This has long been the case. It is to be regretted that a city so large
and rich and prosperous should continue to pay its teachers lower
salaries than are paid by any other city in the State, in fact, by any
other city of its size in any Northern State.
Unless the inducements are sufficient to attract highly-educated and
talented men to the teaching profession it will soon become the resort
of second, third and fourth-rate talent. Surely the education of the
rising generation cannot be safely entrusted to men of inferior educa-
tion and ability.
It is creditable to the majority of cities and villages of the State
that the salaries paid to men are equal to those paid in other States.
Of the 59 cities and villager reported, 26, or nearly one-half, show
an increase in the salaries paid to men ; 18 only show a decrease and
5 show no change.
Bearing in mind that only seven of the twenty- one counties show
an increase of salaries paid to men, it is to be inferred that the salaries
of city teachers suffered less in the general reduction of the year than
the salaries of country teachers. And since the cities, being industrial
centers, felt the depression more keenly, it goes to show that the cities
have the higher appreciation of the teacher's service and worth.
The average increase of $183.50 per month, shown by Montclair,
is explicable only upon the supposition that fewer male teachers were
employed, and hence the greatly- reduced average. Newark shows
no change and Jersey City a decrease of $4.98. So also Paterson
shows a decrease of $1.50 paid to men. Trenton shows the still
larger decrease of $15.23 paid to men. Camden shows a slight
increase of $3.51 ; Hoboken, of $7.59 ; Elizibeth, a decrease of $4 39.
In salaries paid to women, 34 cities and villages show an increase.
This is a most pleasant fact to record, particularly for the year of this
report, for reasons previously stated. Bordentown shows an increase
of $11 per month ; Ridgewood, of $8.23 ; Red Bank, of $7.
Of the larger cities of the State, Newark shows no change ; Jersey
City, an increase of 78 cents ; Paterson, a decrease of $4.10 ; Trenton,
a decrease of $2.20; Camden, an increase of $1.49; Hoboken, an
increase of $3.57 ; Elizabeth, an increase of 52 cents.
There will necessarily be fluctuations from year to year in the
average salary paid to teachers in cities, even where no change i&
made in the salary schedule of said cities. This will be due to the
resignations and removals of older and higher-salaried teachers, and
the appointment to their places of younger and less experienced
teachers at lower salaries. I doubt whether any one of the cities of
the first and second class ki the State made any change of salary
schedule during the year. There is every reason to believe that there
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 81
will be in the immediate future a considerable increase in the salaries
of teachers throughout the State.
This expectation is based principally upon the fact that the recent
changes in the School law of the State have brought the subject of
education to the forefront.
Educational needs are being considered more generally and far
more intelligently and sympathetically than ever before. There can
be but one outcome of this revival of interest :
1. A deeper insight into the merits and defects of the schools.
2. A more careful and persistent effort to improve them.
3. A more profound appreciation of the part which the teacher plays
in the making of a good school.
4. A desire to secure only the best teachers.
5. A willingness to pay the necessary salary to secure a good
teacher.
Under another head I have spoken of the large amount of new
building going on at the present time ; also of the demand for the
latest appliances for heating, ventilation and seating of school build-
ings. It is reasonable, therefore, to expect that a public which is
clearly awake to the benefits arising from the improvement of the
material side of our educational system will be likewise awake to the
moral and intellectual gains to be had by the employment of only
skilled and talented teachers. The greater cost of good teachers will
not long remain a bar to their exclusive appointment.
82
SCHOOL REPORT.
£3
a
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AVERAGE
TIME.
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CITIES AND
TOWNS.
5
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.Q
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is
3
2
8
16
20
31
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73
1
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26
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6
4
3
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41
126
10
2
1
15
4
10
22
2
6
112
9
3
4
25
25
93
6
9
19
1
6
7
8
17
14
1
8
4
7
4
44
3
8
16
3
20
5
1
3
6
5
2
1
3
6
3
25
1
4
9
4
1
8
2
S
2
1
1
21
1
7
7
8
10
5
14
10
15
5
9
8
7
8
11
8
4
8
11
10
11
5
8
11
11
7
8
15
8
7
9
7
11
19
11
12
9
io
10
7
9
11
9
8
18
9
6
10
8
11
10
11
7
11
4
7
5
9
8
10
20
1
22
5
7
5
5
2
6
10
3
4
42
18
5
2
2
2
12
34
30
Bridgeton -
3
1
12
1
1
5
2
10
1
2
1
1
8
33
33
16
41
Cranford
16
1
2
23
3
2
8
1
7
8
6
5
7
9
1
2
7
8
3
9
4
3
8
1
3
9
4
2"
1
1
10
4
5
1
9
7
5
4
4
10
29
Egff Harbor City .V
Elizabeth
9
12
1
1
13
1
5
1
9
43
Englewood
22
11
i
3
2
1
1
1
l"
1
24
41
2
3
1
5
23
100
11
7
2
14
3
16
7
6
7
127
12
2
2
1
2
26
84
3
1
5
6
30
Hackettstown
1
2
21
14
4
8
23
2
1
1
15
44
1
7
32
1
30
20
45
1
37
52
Kearny
40
4
4
1
5
1
5
50""
5
2
1
8
4
14
1
2
3
1
19
2
1
29
2
1
26
20
Millville
3
2
4
1
41
6
3
'4'"
32
\
4
5
5
7
1
86
12
1
3
6
4
3t
2
10
8
1
6
2
1
3
5
2
5
1
26
2
2
1
1
47
4
2
1
4
1
16
2
3
2
1
2
i
1
2
3
41
8
1"
2
26
30
Morristown
Mount Holly
32
27
46
New Brunswick
Newton
North Plainfield
36
24
6
15
8
54
6
11
11
1
5
2
2
6
2
2
2
2
38
27
37
25
13
2
48
42
25
Plainfield
2
2
3
2
28
33
3
3
1
1
34
26
1
1
5
2
18
5
8
5
'5
2
7
16
1
1
30
1
42
15
Toms River
4"
'{"'
3
2
39
2
5
6
4
10
6
4
3
14
21
16
11
38
Town of Union
5
13
3
4
9
2
3
1
1
7
1
10
7
19
19
19
3
4
5
2
2
1
i"
2
25
6
3
5
1
31
39
227
907
713
465
287
224
186
9
5
Of the 5,063 teachers employed during the past jear in the State
of New Jersgy, 3,009, or 59.4 per cent, of the whole number, were
engaged in city and village schools.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
83
Of the 3,009 teachers, 227, or 9 per cent., had an experience of less
than one year ; 907, or 30 per cent., between one and five years ; 713, or
23 per cent., between five and ten years ; 465, or 15 per cent., between
ten and fifteen years ; 287, or 9 per cent., between fifteen and twenty
years ; 224, or 7 per cent., between twenty and twenty-five years, and
186, or 6 per cent., twenty- five years or more.
The average term of service was nine years and five months.
The highest average experience of any city is that of Newark, nine-
teen years.
In the smaller cities and villages a change of a few older teachers
for younger teachers would make a considerable difference in the gen-
eral average ; hence the averages of the smaller places do not enable
us to deduce any important conclusions therefrom.
The cities of Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Trenton, &c., employ-
ing each a large corps of teachers and pursuing from year to year a
uniform policy of appointing and discharging teachers, will furnish us
with comparative data that can be made use of to determine whether
the average experience is on the increase or otherwise :
AVERAGE TERM
OF EXPERIENCE.
1892-93.
1893-94.
Years.
Months.
Years.
Blonths.
11
10
8
11
10
11
13
11
s
5
4
5
1
1
4
3
11
11
i 9
11
2
3
Paterson
Trenton
1
3
Hoboken
ii
12
11
g
1
Kllzabeth
7
The fluctuations shown by the foregoing table illustrate how im-
possible it is to draw any safe conclusion from data of two years
only. Since, however, this class of facts was introduced for the first
time in the report of last year, no wider comparisons are now possi-
ble.
That the average term of service of teachers in cities is slowly
rising I believe to be the fact, although the ratio of increase from
year to year is very slight at most. A great many considerations
enter into the problem, as, for instance, permanence of tenure, salaries
paid, whether new teachers are selected by general competition or are
appointed exclusively from graduates of the home training echool, &c.
It would be interesting to collate and compare data relating to
teachers' experience, for the principal cities of the United States.
Since the conditions of tenure of office, salaries, &c., vary so con-
siderably it might be expected that the average term of experience
would also vary considerably. A study of this question might safely
precede any attempted legislation upon the subject of teachers' pen-
84
SCHOOL REPORT.
sions ; since a rise or fall in the average term of experience will in-
dicate to some extent the number of teachers likely to complete a
term of years.
The total number of teachers whose term of experience was twenty
years and upwards is shown by the table to be 410, or about 14 per
cent, of the whole number of teachers. Of this number, Newark
furnishes 88 ; Jersey City, 77 ; Paterson, 29 ; Trenton, 27 ; Cam-
den, 28 ; Hoboken, 27.
It will be seen, therefore, that the six cities above named furnish
276, or 67 per cent, of the whole number.
Attention is called to the following remarkable cases of long ser-
vice in teaching: Jersey City reports one teacher who has had a
teaching experience of 52 years ; Paterson, one teacher who has had
an experience of 48 years; Newark, one teacher who has had an
experience of 46 years ; in all, 10 of the cities and villages of the
State have on their rolls one or more teachers who have had 40 years'
experience and upwards. Surely, this betokens an appreciation on
the part of the people of our cities and villages of long and meri-
torious service on the part of faithful teachers. It is to be hoped
that many more years of health, vigor and effective service will be
allotted to these men and women who have seen over forty classes of
children enter school and graduate, in their several communities.
Below will be found a table containing similar data to the fore-
going, but by counties, including cities and villages :
£3
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AVKRAGE
TIME.
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COUNTIES.
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■° rA
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a
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c
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Atlantic
18
32
50
68
35
42
16
23
3
14
4
11
6
7
9
4
22
5
31
19
31
13
70
117
17
48
70
6
33
11
31
6
7
20
4
23
15
2
10
8
8
3
2
4
43
41
35
Cumberland
21
70
55
21
9
12
7
8
8
48
61
19
247
38
205
22
118
19
67
9
58
6
54
7
9
8
7
7
46
Gloucester
46
54
12
247
59
182
26
129
25
77
16
72
5
54
7
10
8
52
Hunterdon
7
31
22
23
66
67
47
43
39
26
26
15
18
8
13
12
11
10
i
2
88
Middlesex...
42
Monmouth..*
24
lOS
58
33
21
9
8
7
9
41
31
14
65
39
44
16
27
5
11
8
3
1
7
1
9
6
4
2
56
Ocean
26
51
24
140
47
67
18
42
15
19
10
18
2
15
7
7
3
5
48
Salem
31
16
26
28
25
39
54
71
64
25
19
62
36
13
39
18
13
11
25
16
2
5
11
5
4
3
14
2
8
6
9
8
2
4
2
6
42
40
43
Warren
36
Total
564
1,743
1,126
677
418
280
255
6
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 85
An inspection of the above table will show that of the 5,063
teachers reported, 564, or 11 per cent., had taught less than one year ;
1,743, or 34 per cent., between one and five years; 1,126, or 22 per
cent., between five and ten years ; 677, or 13 per cent., between ten
and fifteen years ; 418, or 8 per cent., between fifteen and twenty
years ; 280, or 5 per cent., between twenty and twenty- five years, and
255, or five per cent., twenty- five years and upwards.
Of the county averages, Mercer is the highest, namely, eleven
years and five months ; next comes Burlington, ten years and two
months ; next comes Middlesex, ten years and two months, and next
Hudson, ten years.
The whole number of teachers whose experience is more than
twenty years is reported as 535 ; of these, 255 have had an experience
of twenty- five years or more.
Comparing the above with the number of teachers in cities and
villages whose experience exceeds twenty years, namely, 410 teachers,
we find the larger percentage of twenty-year teachers to be engaged
in cities and villages.
The reason is doubtless that the longer tenure of office and higher
salaries of city and village teachers operate to keep them longer in
the profession. To this reason is assignable, also, the tendency on
the part of teachers in rural schools to look for promotion to the
cities and villages.
Among teachers whose experience exceeds a half century I note
another, not mentioned before, from Morris county. Truly, the
teaching profession might be considered a healthful and long-lived
one, if many such examples of vigorous body and intellect after fifty-
six years of service could be recorded.
86
SCHOOL REPORT.
TERM OF SERVICE OF TEA.CHERS.
The table below will be found to contain valuable information
with reference to the term of service of teachers in cities and villages.
? jj
•^ c
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IS
as
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5
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£:£■
ac
5
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•-«
SO
a a
a *>
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n
a
0)
0
1
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3
AVERAGE
TIMK.
.a
0
CITIES AND
TOWNS.
t
a
0
a
0
>>
a
a
Is
§a
9
12
12
1
7
1
6
14
25
33
3
8
1
20
8
96
1
12
29
5
32
4
4
5
6
4
5
2
1
40
101
17
7
1
18
4
15
18
7
5
151
13
6
5
31
25
125
9
10
2S
1
6
9
8
9
6
4
2
64
2
12
7
5
9
9
6
9
14
1
10
5
5
2
38
1
2
4
2
6
4
3
3
2
16
1
1
4
1
1
3
4
4
6
8
8
10
8
12
4
5
2
7
3
3
6
10
6
2
6
9
8
4
5
12
4
1
4
7
8
8
11
3
5
5
7
5
4
9
5
15
6
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
2
4
7
7
9
"5"
1
9
8
3
2
4
3
7
8
8
6
5
3
5
8
4
6
20
17
Bayouue
Beividere
3
1
2»
18
1
1
1
4
1
33
Bordeiitowii
30
4
1
26'
28
40
3
7
26
20
4
2
1
12
1
30
Cmulbrd
16
8
I
1
2»
Egg Harbor City
Elizabeth
Englewood
5
21
3
1
'{"
2
4
1
5
17
102
6
3
4
6
6
9
3
4
28
9
ft
2
1
1
1
i"
1
23
2
39
2
1
30
Huckettstown
1
4
7
18
44
4
1
1
16
9
1
26
81
1
1
5
6
14'
32
1 '
3
1
1
3
11
21
22
23
8
1
6
10
9
6
27
Jersey (.'ity
Keuniy
Keyport
43
14
25
1
29
12
4
9
14
6
S
85
7
3
6
9
4
46
4
2
15
18
5
Millville
12
2
6
128
12
2
5
1
70
7
1
4
3
4
2_7
6
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
29
5
1
1
1
6
8
3
5
1
6
9
8
9
4
3
9
2
5
4
3
7
4
5
2ft
Montolair
1
1
1
29
4
30
25
Mount Holly
1
12
8
26
40
36
1&
North Plainfield
1
21
12
8
45
5
9
9
2
8
3
5
10
2
37
25'
3
33
14
6
3
8
3
2
1
1
24
Plainiield
25'
1
31
8
4
2
3
4
2
1
2&
Red Bank
1
15
15
4
8
4
2
3
31
9
10
1
5
5
1
8
1
5
10
8
8
2
19
10
3
30
4 "
5
6
8
4
13
16
1
33
Town of Union
3
4
1
1
10
1
3
13
6
1
5
25'
West Iloboken
3
3
2
1
25'
2
38
Total
644
1,164
605
339
187
106
64
6
7
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 87
The whole number of teachers reported above is 3,009. Of this
number, 544, or 18.07 per cent,, have taught less than one year in the
city or village where last employed; 1,164, or 38.68 per cent.,
between one and five years ; 605, or 20.10 per cent., between five and
ten years ; 339, or 11.26 per cent., between ten and fifteen years ; 187,
or 6.21 per cent., between fifteen and twenty years; 106, or 3.52 per
cent , between twenty and twenty- five years; and 64, or 2.10 per
cent,, twenty- five years and upwards.
The average term of service for all the cities and villages reported
is six years and seven months. This is an increase of seven months
over the corresponding average of last year, and would seem to indi-
cate a comparatively small change in the personnel of the teaching
corps in the several cities and villages during the year.
The longest term of service of any teacher in the State is reported
from Jersey City, namely, forty- three years. The next longest is
reported from Newark, namely, forty years.
These two venerable principals, Mr. George H. Linsley, of Jersey
City, and Mr. Augustus Scarlett, of Newark, together with P. H.
Red field, of Gloucester City, are able to look back upon a record of
honor and usefulness rarely paralleled in any field of labor. That
they may be spared to do service in their respective cities until they
round out the full three score years and ten allotted to human life is
the sincere wish of all their friends and co- laborers in the educational
field.
In previous reports I have alluded to the causes which operate to
give a longer tenure to city teachers than to those engaged in rural
schools. I need only to repeat that so long as an old and tried
teacher is able to conduct his school efficiently, unworthy considera-
tions are not likely to displace him.
The secse of gratitude for public service well and honestly per-
formed is everywhere strong, and affords an ample protection against
injustice. It is the first duty of school boards to see that the schools
are successfully conducted in the interests of the children ; age is no
disparagement to a teacher while health, strength, youthfulness of
spirit and love for the work remain.
In the following table similar data concerning the term of service
of teachers in counties, including cities and villages, are shown :
88
SCHOOL REPORT.
a.'
c
^
^
.
AVERAGE
u
■a
1
B
0
5
TIMK.
s-
•d
■s'
>
So
— o
2
c
>
c
1)
^
s
o
COUNTIES.
©a
9
1
5J
1
1
%
c
I
01
5 S
j; 0.
a)
>
o
-
a
d
a
<L
a .
o
•2 to
11
Is
22;
It
s
1
1^
a
o
3.S
52
68
58
59
86
93
12
24
26
2
12
11
1
3
7
3
3
5
17
1
3
1
2
5
9
26
30
85
21
141
28
51
3
19
1
16
1
3
1
2
6
3
5
3
39
Cape May
Cumberland
21
59
85
30
8
7
4
2
4
8
26
174
41
102
37
298
54
287
87
167
13
179
16
85
6
122
5
39
I
55
4
30
1
53
17
3
17
1
6
3
6
3
1
8
9
8
40
38
43
Hunterdon
29
58
50
73
93
93
79
129
74
41
33
31
12
16
14
19
5
20
6
6
2
1
4
3
2
2
8
8
7
4
4
1
7
1
4
33
36
24
25
39
77
57
50
67
32
169
46
44
45
13
55
12
12
S
2
5
3
3
<>
1
6
1
9
9
32
2
4
6
15
1
1
2
4
33
16
1
21
Sussex
18
73
65
88
60
55
22
10
12
It
6
1
4
5
6
8
6
28
24
Total
1,399
•2,077
812
391
206
115
63
4
6
It will be obderved by an inspection of the foregoing table that the
average term of service for the counties, which include rural and
urban schools, is much less than that for cities and villages. Six
years and seven months was the term for cities and villages ; for the
counties, including cities and villages, the average term of service is
but four years and six months, that is, about two-thirds as long. This
difference has been already accounted for in the discussion of the pre-
ceding table.
The itinerancy of rural teachers is one of the drawbacks to efficient
country schools. The small salaries paid serve to make the teachers
dissatisfied and desirous of a change for the better ; and, besides, the
advantage of retaining the same teacher year after year is not so well
settled in the minds of rural communities.
One of the great benefits to be derived from the township system
is that the conditions for promotion and retention of teachers in the
same district will be more favorable. The teachers of a township
will turn their eyes towards the central school as the reward for
diligent and faithful service. Their ambition will not only be
stimulated, it will be rewarded, since a teacher's fidelity and success
in a school are bound to become known throughout the whole town-
ship; aud boards of education will not need to go abroad in search of
competent and accredited candidates.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 89
Heretofore the petty animosities of contiguous school districts have
often stood in the way of a teacher's promotion, despite his ability
and succeas. Such animosities will no longer exist. The conditions
are now completely reversed. Everything will hereafter conduce to
greater permanency of tenure. I shall expect to see the average
tenure of service of rural teachers rapidly approximate that of city
teachers.
STATE BOARD OF EXAMINERS.
The law provides three methods for licensing of teachers, all by
examination, as follows :
1 . By State board of examiners.
2. By county boards of examiners.
3. By city boards of examiners.
The State board of examiners consists of the State Superintendent
of Public Instruction and the Principal of the State Normal School.
The board holds two examinations annually, one in June and another
in December, at the State Normal School, under rules and regulations
prescribed by the State Board of Education. The State board of
examiners is authorized also to accept in lieu of an examination the
diplomas of accredited State normal schools and to grant licenses
thereon. The certificateR granted by the Sfnte boar-l rf '^^•^minprs are
of three kinds, namely, first grade, second grade and third grade.
These are granted to candidates qualified by age and experience only
after successfully passing a written examination in different groups
of studies.
The first grade State certificate requires in addition to literary
qualifications, as determined by examination, successful experience as
principal of a graded school. It has been the aim of the State board
of examiners for several years past to make the possession of a first
grade State certificate the proof of marked excellence ; hence, it has
never been granted except upon the most positive and satisfactory
evidence of high literary attainments and executive ability. The
holder of a second grade State certificate is required to pass an exami-
nation in all of the studies requisite for a first grade certificate;
hence, the one element of ability to organize, govern and direct suc-
cessfully a graded school is the distinctive mark of the holder of a
first grade State certificate. While, therefore, it has been the aim of
the State board of examiners to exalt the first grade State certificate,
it has aimed also to make the possession of a State certificate of any
grade a sure evidence of merit. To this end the examinations have
never been made easy for the purpose of allowing a large number of
candidates to pass. On the contrary, the State board of examiners
have insisted upon a high standard of literary attainments whether or
90 SCHOOL REPORT.
not any candidates passed, believing that eventually such a policy
would inure to the benefit of the teaching corps of the State and to
the honor of the profession at large.
By reference to Table IX., accompanying this report will be
found the names of the various candidates who have passed suc-
cessfully the required examination for State certificates during the
year 1893-94. In the same table will be found also the names of
those persons who received special certificates, or whose diplomas
were indorsed, or to whom provisional certificates were granted, or
to whom renewals were granted, or to whom life certificates were
granted.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
91
GRADES OF TEACHEES' LICENSES.
The following table exhibits the number of licenses, of the several
grades, held by teachers in the schools of the cities and villages of
the State for the year 1893-94 :
STATE
CERTIFICATES.
COUNTY
CERTIFICATliS.
ai
to
0)
0
3
0)
0
H
S
'3
■Jl
g
bB
£
m
CITIES AND
TOWNS.
•a
2
it}
5
1
SB
S
0)
2
bo
2
in
1
1
in
0
■Ji
u
be
■a
u
H
1
bD
0
0
Asburv Park
1
2
10
1
12
7
6
8
3
4
5
21
i)
1
1
24
"5
1
Atlantic City
7
52
Belvidere
7
U
3
Bloomfleld
3
5
2
1
1
2
6
7
1
3
1
4
1
3
3
1
11
2
1
3
y
5
7 •
6
Bordentovvn
i
4
2
16
Brldgeton
35
Burlington
7
4 '
5
4
6
1
1
1
Camden „
Cranford
3
180
2
19
3
11
42
6
26
5
5
7
1
6
2
1
6
1
2
4
1
9
1
1
4
15
3
9
East Orange
6
•i "
82
14
1
g
Egg Harbor City
Elizabetli
2
1
5
Euglewood
5
1
2
1
3
1
1
Flemingtou
1
Freehold
1
3
Gloucester City, .
U
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
5
5
5
2
Hackettstown
4
Hammouton
1
4
2
6 ""
Harrison
1
11
26
1
1
2
3
1
4
10
6
3^
Hoboken
126
395
3
3
8
7
10
1
34
4
1
26
13
24
3
7
7
13
21
5
8
1
28
5
8
12
3
11
7
1
3
Jersey City
4
2
1
9
1
5
3
26
Kearnv
3
1
Keyport
\
Xiambertville
2
14
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
Long Branch
1
1
2
2
1
1
25
10
4
2
5
Madison
Millvillo .....".
1
1
36
2
Montplair
2
1
4
11
1
33
10
Morristown
25
\
Mount Holly
■^
5
6
4
3
Newark
453
56
1
V"
31
3
Newton
1
1
2
2
6
3
1
1
1
5
7
4"
5
10
2
5
6
4
2
North Plainfield
1
45
21
247
5
4
Passaic
6
1
Paterson
3
1
22
5
Perth Amboy
2
4
3
4
8
1
3
Phillipsburg
3
Plainfield
53
2
4
6
4
3
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
5
1
1
8
3
4
1
1
Rahway
6
1
1
1
4
4
1
3
1
2
1
15
4
6
2
1
2
3
1
1
3
2
Red Bank
1
\
Ridgewood
Rutherford
1
1
2
Salem
12
1
Somerville
4
1
i
2
Summit
1
Toms River
1
1
Trenton
14
15
22
99
53
1
3
4
5
1
Town of Union
1
Vineland
3
15
6
2
5
7
4
1
Washington
4
5
15
3
1
Westfield
3
1
1
1
1
West Hoboken
1
2
Woodbury
3
'
7
1
Total
181
162
164
202
179
119
1,896
106
547
92 SCHOOL REPORT.
By the foregoing table it appears that of the 3,009 certificates
reported, 507, or 16.84 per cent., were State licenses; 500, or 16.61
per cent., county licenses; 1,896, or 63.01 per cent., city licenses;
and 106, or 3.52 per cent., special licenses.
The number of normal school graduates teaching in the cities and
villages was 547 as against 380 for the preceding year. This large
gain in a single year is to be accredited in some measure to greater
care in making up the returns. The ratio of normal school gradu-
ates is increasing rapidly, however, from year to year, showing that
boards of education are becoming more fully convinced of the desira-
bleness of professional training for teachers.
The number of college graduates has increased from 72, reported
last year, to 136, a gain of nearly 100 per cent. This phenomenal
increase is to be attributed also to the greater care taken to secure
full and accurate returns. Last year I alluded somewhat regretfully
to the poor showing made. I am glad, therefore, to be able to take
a brighter view of the prospects of liberal culture in the State. The
figures for this year show a little over four per cent, of the teachers
in our cities and villages to be college graduates. The time will come,
I trust, when at least ten per cent, of the city and village teachers,
male and female, will be college-educated.
The following places still show no college graduates in their
teaching corps ; Atlantic City, Bayonne, Belvidere, Bordentown,
Bridgeton, Burlington, Fiemington, Freehold, Gloucester City,
Hackettstown, Harrison, Lambertville, Madison, Mount Holly,
North Plainfield, Ridgewood, Somerville, Summit, Toms River,
Vineland, West Hoboken — twenty-one places in all.
Several of the above-named cities and villages have principals and
teachers who are the peers of any college graduates in similar posi-
tions. Still, it would add to the dignity and efficiency of the school
system in all of the foregoing places if one, or more, of the principal
teachers were required to possess a diploma from a reputable col-
lege. College graduates are now so numerous and so low-priced that
no board of education need go without one or more teachers of the
highest liberal culture, by reason of inability to pay the salary
demanded. No principal of a school, whether himself college-edu-
cated or not, can afford to ignore his plain duty to his community,
namely, to urge at all times the employment of the most highly-
educated and trained assistants. Never will the schools of New Jer-
sey, taken as a whole, occupy the high place they should until this
demand for liberally- educated teachers in city and village schools
becomes absolute and universal.
No statistics in the report of this department should be more care-
fully scrutinized from year to year than those relating to the col-
legiate training of teachers.
As heretofore, Newark leads with 31 college graduates in the
teaching corps, a gain of 6 over a year ago; Jersey City reports 13
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 93-
only, a loss of 1 compared with last year. Montclair, with only 40
teachers in its entire corps, shows the phenomenal record of 26
normal graduates and 10 college graduates.
I doubt whether this record can be excelled by any city in the
United States. It would do justice to the most enlightened city in
Germany, where a liberal education in its teachers is more universally
demanded.
Next to Montclair, East Orange claims particular notice for
pre-eminence in the training of its teachers.
Of the 59 teachers of East Orange, 42 are normal graduates and 8
college graduates. This, too, is a record of which the citizens of East
Orange may well be proud.
Other places deserving special notice for the superior qualifications
of their teaching force are Long Branch, with 34 normal graduates
and 5 college graduates ; Plainfield, with 28 normal graduates and 4
college graduates ; Bloomfield with 9 normal graduates and 6 college
graduates, and Asbury Park, with 24 normal graduates and 1 college
graduate. There are several other lesser places deserving of special
mention, and they can be readily ascertained by inspection of the
accompanying table.
Attention is again called to the fact that no State certificates of any
grade are held by the teachers in the following places: Gloucester
City, New Brunswick, Plainfield, Toms River, Town of Union.
Since there is no uniformity in the requirements for teachers'
licenses in cities, each city board establishing its own standards, there
is no common basis for estimating their comparative qualifications.
The city of Newark requires the graduates of its city high school,
after completing a four-years' course, to pass two years in the city
teachers' training school before receiving a license to teach. This is
probably the highest city standard in the State. Jersey City requires
its teachers to complete a four-years' high school course and a one-
year additional course in the city training school. I am not aware
that any other cities in the State except perhaps the city of Trenton
demand so extended a course of liberal study and professional pre-
paration. When it is understood that 1,896 teachers, or 37.44 per
cent, of all the teachers in the State, hold city licenses, the importance
of efficient city high and training schools becomes clearly apparent.
Only 547, or 10.80 per cent., of the teachers are normal school
graduates. The city licensed teachers outnumber the normal school
graduates more than three to one ; hence some practicable and efficient
means of elevating the city standards deserves the most careful con-
sideration.
Until such time as New Jersey shall have State normal schools
enough to provide city as well as rural teachers for the entire State,
there should be no relaxation on the part of school authorities in
creating and developing efficient local high and training schools for
the home supply.
94
SCHOOL REPORT.
Below will be found similar data to the foregoing with reference to
the number and grade of certificates held by teachers in the several
counties of the State for the year of this report :
COUNTIES.
Atlantic
Bergen
Burlington....
Camden
Cape May
Cumberland
Essex
Oloucester ....
Hudson
Hunterdon....
Mercer
Middlesex....
Monmonth...
Morris
Ocean'
Passaic ^
Salem
Somerset
Sussex
Union
Warren
Total .
ST.^TK
CERTIi'ICATES.
COl'NTY
CERTIFICATES.
1,916
11
3
6
191
2
71
504
""m"
70
26"'
99
61
1
6
25
■■"■■268""
12
2
6
2
1
85
1
6
39
100
39
20
1
18
162
31
39
13
2
30
89
46
13
36
10
36
16
50
11
3
The whole number of teachers holding State certificates is 921,
which rs 18.19 per cent, of the whole number of teachers in the State.
This is a gain of 93 over the corresponding number of a year ago, an
increase that is especially gratifying, since it shows the desire on the
part of the teachers of the State to improve their professional status.
Essex county still holds the lead with 111 teachers holding State
certificates; Bergen county comes next with 101; Hudson county
with 83, closely followed by Mercer county with 80, and Monmouth
county with 77.
Ocean county, which reported last year no teachers holding State
certificates, now reports 9. Cape May county, which last year
reported 8, now reports 7 only, and Sussex, which last year reported
11, now reports 17. Such figures as these are very satisfactory;
they indicate a growing sentiment in favor of high professional attain-
ments that should be officially recognized and rewarded.
Of the 5,063 teachers in the State, 2,095, or 41.37 per cent., hold
county certificates. They are divided as follows :
First grade county, 607 ; second grade county, 938 ; third grade
county, 550. Last year the number of teachers holding county cer-
tificates was 2,103, or only 92 less than the year of this report.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 95
The whole number of teachers holding city certificates was 1,916,
which is 37.84 per cent, of the whole number of teachers in the State.
Reference was made under the preceding head to the character and
importance of this grade of license.
The total number of special certificates for the year was 131. The
whole number of normal school graduates was 788, which is 15.56
per cent, of the entire teaching force of the State.
Last year the whole number of normal school graduates reported
was only 594, or 12.36 per cent, of the teachers of the State.
Such an increase from year to year is favorable to the progress of
the schools.
Of the counties employing a large percentage of normal school
graduates, Essex easily takes the lead with 166 ; Bergen county comes
Hext with just 100; Monmouth county comes third with 89; Union
comes fourth with 50, followed closely by Morris county with 46 ;
Atlantic and Burlington counties each has 39, while Passaic and
Somerset follow closely with 36 each.
Cape May county has only one normal school graduate; Salem,
10 only ; and Warren county, 11.
Of college graduates. Cape May, Hunterdon, Ocean and Somerset —
four counties in all — have none.
2, Essex county shows 49 college graduates employed ; Hudson, 18 ;
■and Union, 13.
STATISTICAL TABLES
ACCOMPANYING THE
STATE SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT.
(97).
98
SCHOOL REPORT.
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115
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116
SCHOOL REPORT.
SUMMARY.
COUNTIES.
3 a
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■5 = 2
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5 -
3 O
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Atlantic
Bergen
Burlington....
Camden
Cape May
Cumberland.
Essex
Gloucester....
Hudson
Hunterdon...
Mercer
Middlesex
Monmouth ...
Morris
Ocean
Passaic
Salem
Somerset
Swssex
Union ,
Warren...
Total.
$.»,220 00
246,845 OO'
65,677 00
233,294 '^5
11,793 50
41,606 00
331,250 00
26,480 00
572,150 00
1,135 00
166,000 00
32,775 00
172,600 00
36,000 00:
35,350 00
63,330 00
15,804 00
19,300 00
6,200 00
172,850 00
53,025 00
12,362,684 75
$5,800 00
72,500 00
2,000 00
26,000 00
1,725 00
59,800 00
22,000 00
22,500 00
8,000 00
41,350 00
16,000 00
20,322 50
47,500 00
f346,022 50
$5,130 00
13,775 00
4,100 00
6,128 66
2,092 50
4,556 00
24,920 00
4,620 00
25,150 00
700 00
21,8.S0 00
3,375 00
12,458 32
6,000 00
1,800 00
6,680 00
1,650 00
2,800 00
1,000 00
10,300 00
10,250 00
$169,335 48
$59,890 00
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63,577 00
253,165 59^
11,426 00
37,060 00
366,130 00
43,8fiO 00
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435 00
144,675 OO
29,400 00
160,141 68
30,000 00
41,550 00
98,000 00 •
14,154 OO
32,500 00
25,522 50
210,050 00
42,775 00
$2,539,371 77
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
117
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61,969 64
75,139 15
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414,914 89
58,235 68
118,814 .58
76,526 32
121,088 01
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45.174 36
50,381 29
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$3,678 46
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6,733 91
12,309 21
1,546 ,36
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43,854 59
4,085 21
39,058 26
3,349 38
11,373 33
7,279 62
7,173 95
6,872 33
8,133 53
13,688 60
3,957 87
2,709 56
7,911 18
9,283 88
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$1,678 46
5,696 99
6,733 91
12,309 21
1,404 36
4,787 69
48,.529 59
4,085 21
39,058 26
5,511 38
11,373 3<
7,279 62
11,973 95
6,872 33
1,646 53
13,688 60
4,157 87
4,781 56
2,810 18
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1,795 08
4,363 92
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1,038 41
1,168 38
2,193 79
2,869 09
2,321 34
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$1,6.59 23
3,202 62
3,466 18
5,881 2H
704 70
2,952 07
18,275 78
1,837 59
24,332 32
1,986 45
4,626 63
3,7.30 14
4,300 ,59
3,302 89
1,129 35
7,244 35
1,601 90
1,741 57
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67,339 05
123,092 09
14,043 64
47,876 92
485,295 87
40,852 10
390,582 57
55,113 80
1I3,7« 33
72,796 18
119,739 47
68,723 33
16,405 33
136,885 95
41,.578 67
47,845 63
28,401 81
92,838 84
52,400 89
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147
TABLE IX.
STATE CERTIFICATES.
EXAMINATIONS.
First Grade.
Bristol, Homer C.
Dillingham, James D.
Light, Jeremiah K.
McCollom, Edward.
Eiley, E. D.
Van Syckle, L. H.
Winslow, William H.
Second Grade.
Rolands, Israel K.
Third Grade.
Phillips, Mary Lloyd. Woodin, Gertrude Lee.
Experience — First Grade.
Chance, Nathaniel L. Krebs, Henry C.
Hackett, Lizzie.
Appleton, Addie C.
Burr, Mary A.
Dorian, Virginia E.
Emlin, Emma.
Normal Life.
Holt, Eleanor S.
Huff, Isabel B.
Kidd, Abbie L.
Parker, Mary A.
Brigham, Phebe A.
Taylor, Mary H.
Second Grade Renewals.
Willgus, Delanay W.
Orissman, Ella G.
Dean, Margaretta L.
De Coster, Samuel E,
Flinn, Maria.
Force, Eleanor G.
Gray, Jessie M.
Harris, Emily.
Kelly, Luella T.
La Kue, Anna.
Lundy, E. L.
Third Grade Reneivals.
Phillips, Sallie L.
Powell, Fannie.
Robinson, Mary E.
Schoenheit, Edith.
Stanger, Sallie G.
Strong, Jennie M.
Stryker, Franklin A.
Tice, R. Howell.
Wilde, Cora E.
148
SCHOOL REPORT.
INDORSEMENTS OF DIPLOMAS OF OTHER STATES.
First Grade.
Lockner, William E.
Adams, Emma D.
Banker, Helen N.
Bennett, Lois M.
Bennett, Louise H.
Bigelow, Florence J.
Bliss, Rosanna E.
Burroughs, Alice.
Carhart, W. B.
Coe, Frank S.
Cooper, Ina L.
Colton, M. Louise.
Gaige, Edward E.
Graham, Ruth M.
Second Grade.
Third Grade.
Norris, Kate L.
Keliher, Mary E.
Lounsbury, Louise E.
Morrison, Margaret.
Olmstead, Mabel G.
Riedy, Catherine Y.
Roberts, Abbie.
Rogers, Mary W.
Sawyer, Annetta.
Simmons, William M.
Smith, Cora G.
Strong, Jennie L.
Warren, Mary L.
Provisional.
Jones, William A.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
149
TABLE X.
County Superintendents.
COUNTIES.
KAMES.
1*. O. ADDRKSS.
SALARY.
J. R. WILSON
Atlantic City
$1,000 00
1 300 00
JOHN TERHUNE
Burlington
EDGAR HAAS
CHARLES S. ALBERTSON
1,300 00
1,000 00
800 00
VINCENT O. MILLER
CHARLES G. HAMPTON
1,000 00
1,300 00
1,000 00
1,300 00
1,110 75
1,000 00
1,013 13
1,300 00
1,300 00
1,000 00
920 75
Dr. M. H. C. VAIL
WILLIAM H. ELDRIDGE
Rev. GEORGE C. HOUGHTON
E. M. HEATH
JOHN S. VAN DIKE
Hopewell
H.BREWSTER WILLIS..
JOHN ENRIGHT
Morris
MARTIN LUTHER COX
E. M. LONAN
ALEXANDER ELLIOTT, Jk
ROBERT GWYNNE, jK
•Salem
1,000 00
1,000 00
1,000 00
800 00
JOHN L. ANDERSON
LUTHER HILL
Union
B. HOLMES
ROBERT S. PRICE
Elizabeth...
Warren
1,266 50
150
SCHOOL REPORT.
TABLE XL
City Superintendents.
CITIES.
Atlantic City
Bayonne
Bridgeton
Camden
Egg Harbor City,
Elizabeth
Gloucester City..
Hobokeii
Jersey City
Millville.
Morristown...
Newark
New Brunswick.
Orange
Passaic City
Paterson
Perth Amboy
Phillipsburg
Plainfield
Rahway
Salem
Trenton
WM. B. LOUDENSLAGER.
CHABLES M.DAVIS.
JOHN S. TURNER.
MARTIN V. BERGEN.
JOHN SCHUSTER.
J. AUGUSTUS DIX.
J. C. STINSON.
DAVID E. RUE.
HENRY SNYDER.
E. C. STOKES.
W. L. R. HAVEN.
WILLIAM N. BARRINGER.
GEORGE G. RYAN.
U. W. CUTTS.
H. H. HUTTON.
J. A. REINHART.
ADRIAN LYON.
H. BUDD HOWELL.
H. M. MAXSON.
D. B. CORSON.
ROBERT GWYNNE, Jb.
LESLIE C. PIERSON.
/
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOL
CENSUS.
(151)
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOL
CENSUS.
Tkenton, N. J., September 1st, 1894.
To the State Board of Education :
Gentlemen — I have the honor of herewith trausmitting to your
honorable body, as required by law, my annual report as Superinten-
dent of the School Census for the year 1894.
The annual school census was taken under the following rules and
regulations, which were approved by the Committee on Education of
your board, to whom special supervision of the school census was
referred :
1. The census must be taken during the month of May and closed
on the 31st day of May, and must include only those children who
are between five (5) and eighteen (18) years of age on that day ;
therefore no one who is eighteen (18) years of age on or before the
Slst day of May of this year can be included in the census, nor can
anyone be included who is not five (5) years of age on or before the
Slst day of May, even if they lack but a single day.
2. Children who are inmates of poorhouses, asylums or almshouses
must not be included in the census. Children absent from home,
attending colleges, boarding schools and private semina"ries of learning,
shall be included In the census list of the city, town or district in
which their parents or guardians reside, and not be taken in the city,
town or district where they may be attending such institutions of
learning.
3. In cities the census must be taken in blocks. The enumerator
must start on a corner and go entirely around the block, returning to
the place of beginning before starting on another block, and must not
cross the street except in cases where there is only a single house or
at most two houses on the opposite side of the street. In cases where
families are not at home, the streets and numbers should be noted and
the enumerator must call again. Names thus taken should be entered
in census-book, under a proper heading, after names taken by blocks.
Chapter XIV., Laws of 1892, provides "that there shall be taken
during the month of May in each year an exact census of all children
(153)
154
SCHOOL REPORT.
residing in the several school districts in this State between the ages
of five and eighteen, not including the children who may be inmates
of poorhouses, asylums or almshouses, and shall specify the names
and residences of their parents or guardians."
In addition to the above information required by law to be taken,
the Committee on Education of your board directed the following to
be obtained, viz :
1. Children attending private schools.
2. Children attending no school during the year.
3. Children over ten years of age unable to read.
4. Children under fifteen years of age employed in factories.
5. Children unvaccinated.
6. Colored children.
7. Children who are deaf mutes.
Number of children in the State of New Jersey of school age,
from five (5) to eighteen (18), is :
Males 222,647
Females 216,601
Total 439,248
Being an increase of 15,376 over the number of children reported
for the year 1893.
The following table shows the number of children reported in each
county in the State this year, the number reported last year, and the
loss or gain in each :
Counties. 1894.
Atlantic 7,270
Bergen 14,859
Burlington 14,725
Camden 24,554
Cape May 3,048
Cumberland 12,595
Essex 79,553
Gloucester 7,622
Hudson 109,643
Hunterdon 8,551
Mercer 19,728
Middlesex 16,153
Monmouth 19,064
Morris 14,234
Ocean 4,955
Passaic 33,251
Salem , 6,706
Somerset 7,419
Sussex 5,863
Union 19,591
Warren 9,864
Total for State 439,248
1893.
Increase.
Decrease.
7,033
237
13,575
1,284
14,565
160
24,929
2,987
12,513
82
375
77,466
2,087
7,789
103,138
6,505
167
8,420
19,611
15,811
131
117
342
18,229
835
14,000
234
4,787
168
.30,622
6,790
2,629
""84
7,382
5,854
18,595
9,776
37
9
996
88
423,872 15,376
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
155
CHILDREN ATTENDING PRIVATE SCHOOLS.
Number of children in the State reported as attending private
schools during the year :
Males 24,701
Females 24,465
Total 49,166
The following table shows the number of children, by counties,
reported as attending private schools :
Males. Females. Total.
Atlantic 122 134 256
Bergen 667 686 1,353
Burlington 729 753 1,482
Camden 689 671 1,360
Cape May 45 38 83
Cumberland 169 143 312
Essex 7,094 6,832 13,926
Gloucester 81 66 147
Hudson 6,648 6,519 13,167
Hunterdon 154 144 298
Mercer 1,421 1,381 2,802
Middlesex 1,152 1,214 2,366
Monmouth 360 448 808
Morris 905 876 1,781
Ocean 36 45 81
Passaic 1,821 1,872 3,684
Salem 136 100 236
Somerset 287 273 560
Sussex 80 84 164
Union , 1,875 1,935 3,810
Warren 239 251 490
Total for State 24,701 24,465 49,166
CHILDREN THAT ATTENDED NO SCHOOL DURING THE YEAR.
Number of children in the State reported as attending no school
during the year :
Males 47,960
Females 46,326
Total 94,286
156
SCHOOL REPORT.
The following shows the number of children, by counties, reported
as attending no school during the year, viz. :
Males.
Atlantic 595
Bergen 1,800
Burlington 1,329
Camden 3,629
Cape May 108
Cumberland 1,193
Essex 9,658
Gloucester 415
Hudson 12,664
Hunterdon 607
Mercer 2,565
Middlesex 1,792
Monmouth 1,528
Morris 1,312
Ocean 218
Passaic 3,617
Salem 477
Somerset 777
Sussex 415
Union 2,541
Warren 820
Total for State 47,960
Females.
Total.
569
1,874
1,228
3,348
1,164
3,674
2,557
6,977
101
209
940
9,897
388
2,133
19,555
803
11,842
630
24,506
1,137
2,424
l,72o
1,464
1,262
4,989
3,518
2,992
2,574
236
454
3,626
7,243
431
908
630
1,407
356
771
2,535
819
5,076
1,639
46,326
94,286
Number of children, by counties and in
years of age, unable to read :
Atlantic
Bergen
Burlington .
Camden
Cape May
Cumberland
Essex
Gloucester
Hudson
Hunterdon
Mercer
Middlesex
Monmouth >,
Morris
Ocean
Passaic
Salem
Somerset
Sussex
Union
Warren
Total for State
the State, over ten (10)
[ales.
Females.
Total.
34
31
65
42
35
77
54
56
110
49
58
107
10
5
15
71
23
94
71
42
113
14
15
29
122
86
203
18
20
3S
68
47
115
28
23
51
43
38
81
29
15
44
14
9
23
101
100
201
11
13
24
20
11
31
26
16
42
33
30
63
30
26
56
699
1,587
EEPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
157
Number of children, by counties and in the State, under fifteen (15)
years of age, employed in factories, mines or stores :
Males.
Atlantic 24
Bergen 91
Burlington 66
Camden 243
Cape May 8
Cumberland 390
Essex 569
Gloucester 197
Hudson 1,831
Hunterdon 17
Mercer 266
Middlesex 86
Monmouth 45
Morris 97
Ocean 2
Passaic 610
Salem 37
Somerset 49
Sussex 24
Union 56
Warren 57
Total for State 4,765
i"emales.
Total
16
40
61
152
31
97
99
342
7
15
35
425
443
1,012
18
215
1,410
3,241
4
21
130
396
63
139
22
67
42
139
2
544
1,154
5
42
12
61
15
39
41
97
29
86
3,017
7,782
Number of children, by counties and in the State, unvaccinated :
Males.
Atlantic 1,119
Bergen 1,164
Burlington 3,176
Camden 3,783
Cape May 909
Cumberland 3,859
Essex 2,769
Gloucester 1,788
Hudson 3,497
Hunterdon 1,707
Mercer 1,829
Middlesex 2,083
Monmouth 3,077
Morris 3,504
Ocean 1,809
Passaic 1,701
Salem 1,570
Somerset 695
Sussex 1,898
Union 1,095
Warren 2,858
Total for State 45,890
Females.
Total.
1,113
2,232
1,135
2,299
2,932
6,108
3,733
7,516
906
1,815
3,730
7,589
2,715
5,484
1,747
3,535
3,394
6,891
1,598
3,305
1,767
3,596
2,052
4,135
2,931
6,008
3,253
6,757
1,695
3,504
1,729
3,430
1,440
3,010
635
1,330
1,907
3,805
1,099
2,194
2,795
5,653
44,306
90,196
Females.
Total.
213
400
247
452
359
735
890
1,776
126
245
323
631
1,093
2,086
197
377
322
674
74
137
414
768
193
440
624
1,165
140
261
23
49
136
290
362
754
191
406
15
38
309
586
29
80
158 SCHOOL REPORT.
Number of colored children, by counties and in the State :
Males.
Atlantic 187
Bergen 205
Burlington 376
Camden 886
Cape May 119
Cumberland 308
Essex 993
Gloucester 180
Hudson 352
Hunterdon 63
Mercer 354
Middlesex 247
Monmouth 541
Morris 121
Ocean 26
Passaic 154
Salem 392
Somerset 215
Sussex 23
Union 277
Warren 51
Total for State 6,070 6,280 12,350
Number of children, by counties and in the State, who are deaf-
mutes :
Atlantic
Bergen
Burlington
Camden
Cape May
Cumberland
Essex
Gloucester
Hudson
Hunterdon
Mercer
Middlesex
Monmouth
Morris
Ocean
Passaic
Salem
Somerset
Sussex
Union
Warren
Total for State 96 97 193
Males.
Females.
Tota
4
2
6
5
4
9
3
5
8
3
4
6
1
1
1
3
4
18
16
34
1
3
4
20
13
33
3
4
7
5
4
9
3
2
5
3
/
10
5
3
8
2
3
5
8
7
15
■"'3
*"""6
""9
2
2
7
2
9
2
7
9
KEPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
159
The following table shows the number of school districts in each
countv, number having less than 25 children, between 25 and 45, 45
and 80, 80 and 120, 120 and 200, 200 and 500, and the number of
districts having over 600 :
COUNTIES.
Total number of districts.
■9
On
t< a
||
II
1
be
a
%
•2 '3
l§
i
%
£
03
^ .
3 =*
1
a!
bS)
>
^§
■2 ■a
Ss
1
>
3 ^
30
1
1 .
3 5
a o
>
o
be
48
6
9
1
10
1
8
10
1
14
20
16
56
19
17
26
6
25
6
2
3
18
10
8
I
2
Bergen
Burlington
Camden
Cape Ma\
Cumberland
79
107
47
36
63
32
64
15
107
55
79
115
108
58
41
68
71
99
24
89
25 14
5
6
1
2
3
12
10
4
7
8
15
11
3
3
7
4
4
t
1
3
10
3
11
Hunterdon
i
23
3
6
7
17
7
3
13
12
39
57
32
46
52
54
26
8
37
41
36
6
46
11
12
6
21
13
7
15
6
12
4
6
6
7
2
9
19
7
7
8
1
2
Middlesex
Monmoutli
Morris
Ocean
1
1
5
6
4
5
4
........
Salem
2
6 3
2 1
4 2
2 5
5 3
1
3
Sussex
13
1
5
Warren
5
21
3
Total
1,405 55
1
209
626
206
126 107
1
^-
For each district (city by wards), township and county in the State,
there is reported in Appendix D the number of males, females and
total number in the district, the number reported last year, the in-
crease or decrease in the district, the number attending private schools,
attending no school during the year, children over ten (10) unable to
read, children under fifteen (15) years of age employed in factories,
mines or stores, children un vaccinated, number of colored children
and the number of children who are deaf-mutes.
Respectfully submitted,
JOHN J. MATTHEWS,
Superintendent of School Census.
APPENDIX A.
REPORTS OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS.
ATLANTIC COUNTY.
J. Russell Wilson, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — I have the honor to submit the following report of the public
schools in this county for the school year ending June 30th, 1894 :
General Results. — The work of the year just ended has been very
successful. There have been no serious epidemics. The open winter
unabled children in the rural districts to get the full benefit of a
year's schooling. The total enrollment increased this year 162; the
average on roll increased 183; and the average daily attendance 386.
Of this increase fully two-thirds was in the rural districts.
It is interesting also to note that although the total enrollment and
attendance were both greater, the daily absenteeism was 143 less than
last year. Another gratifying fact is that, while only 11 pupils in
the entire county were reported as attending every day last year, 37,
more than three times that number, are reported as attending every
day this year. Again, there were reported this year 662 fewer cases
of tardiness, and the percentage of attendance rose from .84 to .88.
These facts all go to show how highly the schools of this county
have been appreciated during the year past.
County Graduates. — The results of the annual school examination
in the spring showed a state of efficiency and of progress. The
graduating class was the largest by one-half ever graduated from the
same schools; and the general proficiency of the class was more a
cause for congratulation even than its size.
The annual commencement exercises were held in Red Men's Hall,
Pleasantville. A large audience greeted the class and an attractive
programme was rendered. The annual address was made by Thomas
May Peirce, M.A., Ph.D., President of Peirce College of Business,
Philadelphia.
Standing of Teachers. — There was an increase of four in the num-
ber of male teachers employed during the year, while the number of
(3)
4 'APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
females remained the same. If males could be found to work for
the salary obtainable here, their number would be increased threefold.
There has been a very encouraging increase in grade of teachers
since the report of last year. Several of those holding third grade
county certificates have advanced to second grade, and likewise several
holding second grade have advanced to first grade ; so also several
holding first grade county certificates have been working for State
certificates, one having been successful in obtaining a first grade
State certificate. Our teachers deserve much praise for their very
laudable endeavor to raise their professional standing.
Of the 70 teachers under county supervision, 2 hold first grade
State certificates, 3 second grade State, 3 third grade State, 12 first
grade county, 29 second grade county, 19 third grade county and 2
provisional certificates. Eleven are normal graduates — 4 from Penn-
sylvania, 2 from New York, 2 from Maine, and 3 from New Jersey.
Three of the normal graduates are males, all from Pennsylvania. We
are always glad to obtain normal graduates from any good school^
but would like to record an increased number from the New Jersey
State Normal. If some plan could be evolved to give us a greater
output by the State of male teachers, it would be welcomed univer-
sally by school officials.
Boards of Trustees. — Meetings of township boards of trustees have
been held and an increasing interest has been manifested in them^
indicating a healthy condition of the public mind. A great defect in
our school system is that boards of trustees do not have complete
control of the school money apportioned to their districts. If thi&
were the case, the clerk's report would be all the county superintend-
ent would need for his report to the State Department, and there
would be no difficulty about getting the report made out much earlier.
It would also lead to electing more responsible men as trustees,
thereby elevating the standard of the board and adding to its dignity.
There would be no conflicting balances as at present. In one town-
ship the collector annually reports some $300 less of State money
than the aggregrate of the clerk's reports. Nor need there be any
waiting for salary, as is done in another township where teachers have
to wait six months at the close of their year's work for the last three
or four months of their scant salary.
School- Houses. — Several school-houses have been remodeled and
refurnished during the year, and four new buildings have been erected.
In all of the four districts created last year, attractive buildings have
been built, except at Mizpah, where the population changes so con-
stantly as to prevent carrying out any plans continuously for a year's
time. Arrangements have been made, however, whereby the children
there will have adequate school facilities.
It is interesting to note here that since last year the valuation of
school property has increased by $18,835, the number of schools to
52, and the seating capacity of the school-houses, 236, 184 of which
BERGEN COUNTY. 5
is due entirely to the new houses in the new districts. Another year
will see several new buildings erected in this county. New ones
have been needed for a generation at South Absecon and Carmantown.
The building at McKee City is the gift of the founder of the
place, Col. John McKee, who has brought under cultivation a large
tract of forest land, built every house in the district, and made a
crowning effort in behalf of his people by giving them the means of
an education.
Ei)ening Schools. — Evening schools were maintained in two districts.
Thirty- nine pupils were enrolled, all but one over fourteen years of
age ; three were over eighteen. School was held for thirty evenings
in one district and sixty evenings in the other. This length of time
is totally inadequate to make any considerable advancement. Better
provision should be made for these schools, as they contain an un-
usually large percentage of pupils determined to learn and of a ripe
age to appreciate their school privileges.
BERGEN COUNTY.
John Terhune, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — This, my ninth annual report, is respectfully submitted. The
pressure of work prevents an extended history of the past year. The
indifference of many clerks, who were legislated out of office before
their annual reports were rendered, has made it difficult to compile
my statistical data.
Office. — The board of chosen freeholders granted my petition last
November for an office in the court buildings. A beautiful room, 14
by 30 feet, with an extension 5 by 7 feet at one end, was assigned for
the use of this department, and is known as " Educational Hall."
At present it contains seven cabinets filled with school work, prepared
since January ; two extension tables, one of which has useful devices
and specimens of books suitable for libraries or supplemental read-
ing. The other table is covered with sample copies of the leading
•educational publications in the United States and Canada. A branch
of the teachers' library, samples of school charts, a what-not filled
with photographs of school buildings, two large flags draped at the
6 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
ends of the room, two desks, a number of chairs, samples of school
furniture, maps, pictures, reports from the Bureau of Education, &c.,
complete its outfit. It is constantly visited by teachers, and gives
them an opportunity to examine and compare work from different
sections of the county, besides being suggestive in many other ways.
It is considered to be the most valuable acquisition to the schools yet
secured, and is duly appreciated.
Pedagogical Libraries. — Following are the reports of the libra-
rians for the past year :
Teachers. Books read.
Hackensack Branch 72 297
Rutherford Branch 34 107
Ridgewood Branch 19 90
Englewood Branch 23 86
These reports show that 148 teachers read 580 books. It should
be said, however, that many books not included in the above were
read by exchange, and since few cards containing this information
were returned, a complete enumeration could not be obtained.
The last catalogue included additional works on natural history^
observation lessons and ethical culture; all of which have been
eagerly sought by the teachers.
The utility of the library enterprise is no longer in doubt with us ;
but, on the contrary, it is a query how we ever got along without it.
It has done grateful service to teachers preparing for State and county
examinations, and rendered special assistance to young, untrained
teachers. During my visits, when I observed listlessness, careless-
ness, idleness or wrong methods in management, I frequently advise
teachers to get from the library Hughes' " Securing and Retaining
Attention," or " Mistakes in Teaching," or Johnson's " Education by
Doing," or Shaw's " Devices," or Rosmini, Wickersham, or Swett on
" Methods of Teaching," as the cases may require ; and usually the
book to be read next is left for my dictation. To study the faces of
teachers on exchange day, recalls the trite quotations, " Books were
their passion and delight," and " They have become borrowers of the
night for a short hour or two."
School Libraries. — These libraries are increasing rapidly and my
prediction in last year's report that they were in their infancy is
being verified. The total number of books taken out was 28,391, an
increase over the preceding year- of nearly thirty per cent. This is
caused by a better selection of graded literature, and closer attention
of the teachers. If your suggestions in the State report of 1892
were heeded as to their management, still greater gains would result
immediately. The trouble is, that so few teachers read these reports,
and consequently not ten per cent, of the districts can give any history
of the origin and growth of the libraries. The reports are very in-
complete and unreliable, and here systematic provision should be
BERGEN COUNTY— Continued. 7
made to encourage the habit and taste for reading at an early age.
If this be not accomplished, then the major part of our mission is a
failure. To secure uniformity of records, the State should supply
the book, the same as it does for financial purposes.
Examinations of Teachers. — The three regular examinations were
held as heretofore, and results were promptly reported to you as
required by law. This part of the system needs revision. The
granting of certificates to those whose only training is that of our
public elementary and high schools, thereby thrusting raw material
upon rural schools to experiment with young, plastic minds, is a gross
injustice. They can cope with the questions in an academic examina-
tion, but are at sea as to methods of teaching the elements of reading
and number.
If this cannot be corrected, then prohibit them from teaching a
rural school the first year, at least. Let their initiation and appren-
ticeship be made in the graded schools, where experienced teachers
can supervise and assist in their daily work. But in this class of
schools, as a rule, we find that none except trained teachers will be
accepted ; so, just where the minimum of danger is the maximum of
caution is exercised, and vice versa.
If another State Normal School could be established at Jersey
City, a location which would permit a large majority from the north-
ern part of the State to reside at home, owing to the abundance of
its railroad facilities, such a school would supplant these local exami-
nations and city normal classes, to the great benefit of the schools.
Pupih. — The reports from the township boards of examiners
caused the following credentials to be issued :
241 certificates of merit for the fifth-year grade,
153 post certificates of merit for the sixth- year grade,
126 second grade diplomas for the seventh-year grade,
73 post second grade diplomas for the eighth-year grade,
52 first second grade diplomas for the ninth-year grade,
2 post second grade diplomas for the tenth-year grade,
making 647 successful in all grades. This is a decrease of six from
last year. A greater number were unsuccessful this year owing to
sickness and closing of schools by the health authorities. These
examinations are incentives for diligence and attendance, but the most
valuable purpose they serve is the unification of our course of study.
Their absence, together with so many changes of teachers, would in a
short time annihilate system, and produce as many courses of study
as there are schools or boards of education. For this reason, I again
appeal to the State authorities to examine our outlines of study, and,
if approved, give them significance by making the participation in
these examinations obligatory. I do not approve of restricting the
individuality or originality of teachers, but there must be a fixed
8 APPElSDIX a to SCHOOL REPORT.
order of subjects, the pursuit of which will give to all pupils below
high-school work the most practical and most beneficial knowledge
for future life. The people will support and defend secondary edu-
cation, but we should see that the foundation is well laid.
School Buildings. — Appropriations were voted and bonds issued for
new buildings as follows : Ridgewood, $47,000 ; Waldwick, $5,000 ;
May wood, $7,000 ; Spring Valley, $1,000; Dundee Lake, $6,000.
Mahwah voted $1,000 for an extension, and Ridgewood Grove has
improved the building and placed new furniture therein. Twenty
other districts have furnished additional rooms for more teachers.
All buildings erected within two years, with two exceptions, have
adopted the Smead system of heating, ventilating and dry closets.
This excellent system is now in the following schools : Passaic Park,
Lodi, Palisades Park, Demarest, Maywood, Northvale, Peetzburgh,
Dundee Lake, Waldwick and Haworth.
Particular attention has been paid to lighting and acoustics. I
examine all plans and suggest alterations where needed. It is the
proper time to condemn while the building is on paper. Nearly all
buildings constructed within three years have an assembly-room on
the second floor, which will be partitioned for class-rooms when
required. The people have used good judgment and intelligence in
disbursing the moneys, and take great pride in their buildings. Plans
for all buildings should be submitted to a State expert for approval.
Arbor Day. — Six thousand pamphlets were printed and the pro-
gramme was adopted by sixteen counties and three cities in this State,
and Otoe county, Nebraska. Exercises were held in every district
except one, which school was closed on account of measles.
There were 3,894 visitors present, and 86 outside of the enrollment
assisted in various ways. Fifty-eight addresses, principally by min-
isters, were made. Two hundred and four trees were planted, 81 of
which were maples and 87 cedars, the latter being placed as screens
around the outbuildings.
The. trees were dedicated as follows: Columbus, 9 ; Washington,
14; Lincoln, 12; Grant, 8; Secretary Morton, 8; Trustees, 21;
Teachers, 12 ; Superintendent Terhune, 26, and the rest to pupils,
poets, soldiers, educatorsj &c. One thousand and forty-one trees are
growing on school grounds and 92 flower-beds have been made and
planted. Sixty-six districts report that trees previously planted have
received proper care, and seventy districts cleared their yards of all
stones and rubbish.
Fifty-nine districts report increased interest in the observance of
the day, five about the same, and thirteen no interest. The total col-
lections amounted to $165.97, for the following purposes: Flags,
$4.60; singing-books, $14.95; musical instruments, $48.16; libra-
ries, $78.44 ; apparatus, $19.82. Fourteen districts held the literary
exercises in the evening, and the attendance was 1,747, leaving 2,147
visitors for th? 54 districts that used the day for the entertainment.
BERGEN COUNTY— Continued. 9
This is conclusive evidence that the suggestion to use the evening for
the convenience of the people was correct.
Institute. — But one day was devoted to this purpose, and that
proved to be a very stormy one. Nevertheless, very few were absent,
and the work was conducted with so much spirit and enthusiasm as
to receive constant applause. Superintendent Ryan's address, on
^' My Pupil and I," received profound attention, and left an impres-
sion that caused future reflection. Your suggestions on " Writing "
were carried into effect at once, with improved results.
Teachers^ Association. — Five meetings were held and were well at-
tended. In connection with one or two periods on methods, lectures
were given. Dr. Courtenay De Kalb described the " Social and
Political Development of the South American People," and Dr. T.
B. Hascall "The Discovery, People and Government of Hawaii."
Progress. — During my eight and one-half years of stewardship I
have made thirteen new districts. Thirty new school-houses have
been built at a cost of $253,700, and thirteen have been enlarged at
an expense of $80,700. Eighty-two out of eighty-six schools have
established libraries, and have received, since my incumbency, $3,640
from the State. My predecessor left a corps of 133 teachers, which
bag increased to 215. Every school has modern furniture, nearly all
of which has been supplied by the New Jersey. School-Church Furni-
ture Company. There is a uniformity of text-books and outlines for
study throughout the county. A pedagogical library, in four branches,
containing 900 volumes of standard professional literature, is in
operation, and, with printing and cases, it has cost over $1,000. A
beautiful office, elsewhere described, has been added. Arbor day,
which existed in name only, has been made what it was destined to
be. The laws have been faithfully and fearlessly executed, and I
know of no feature of school work that has not been improved. But
the time has come when the labors and duties of the office are beyond
the control of one person. It can no longer be performed with any
degree of efficiency without additional help and an increased allow-
ance for necessary expenses. If $300 were needed ten years ago, it
cannot be expected to suffice when the work has doubled. Even with
incessant application, it is impossible to comply with the law, unless
much of the work be performed in a superficial manner.
The Township Law. — The " New Township School Law," a? the
act is termed, is made responsible for the "Free Text Book" and
^'Temperance" acts. In a few aggressive townships it is severely
criticised and strongly condemned. The objectionable feature is the
assumption of debts, which with new roads has caused the formation
of many boroughs. I have not heard of a single suggestion that
would substitute this method of changing the possession of the school
property from the district unit to the township unit. If the amounts
invested by the districts be remitted, then there is no ownership of the
10 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL EEPORT.
individual schools, and the township to acquire legal pcssession, pur-
chases the property at the prices appraised by the assessors.
If the Township law could have gone into effect at the next annua)
meeting in March, so that the people could have realized that the text-
book and temperance bills were separate and distinct measures, having-
their origin in other sources and from other motives, very little oppo-
sition would have been encountered. But steamboats, railroads, tele-
graphs, telephones and all other valuable improvements met with the
same derision at first, and I admire your wisdom and courage in dar-
ing to devise and execute measures for the welfare of future genera-
tions despite present opposition. If, like other revolutions, it meet
with ultimate success, the greater the glory for being its author and
champion.
BURLINGTON COUNTY.
Edgar Haas, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland y State Superintendent:
Dear Sir — Herewith I have the honor of submitting my annual
school report for the year ending June 30th, 1894.
While the minute details of the finances for the county are given in
full in the statistical report, yet I feel that the leading features or fac-
tors upon which the apportionment of the State money is made, are in
no wise made apparent to the inquisitive reader. It is for this reason
that I here embody them in my report. They are as follows:
Interest from surplus revenue $4,363 92
Interest from surplus revenue for the Batsto portion of
Pleasant Mills district, of Atlantic county, con-
taining 11 children 3 18-
Interest from surplus revenue for Little Egg Harbor
township. Ocean county, containing 514 children,. 148 65
State appropriation of $100,000 3,436 la
Reserve fund from State school tax 6,733 91
Ninety per cent, of State school tax 60,605 14
Total amount of money apportioned 75,139 15
Rate for each child from surplus revenue .289193
BURLINGTON COUNTY. 11
Rate for each child from State appropriation of
$100,000 .23592
Rate for each child from reserve fund .462335
Rate for each child in those districts that have more
than 81 children 4.538035
Census for the county for the year 1893 14,565
Number of districts that must receive $270 7
Number of districts that must receive $310 13
Number of districts that must receive $370 50
By comparing the factors above with those of the preceding year,
it will be found that the decrease in the census gives an increase of
seven in the number of small districts, thus increasing the amount to
them by $2,295; this, together with the decrease of $7,557.66 in the
whole amount apportioned, hss brought the per capita apportionment
rate down from $5.22 to $4.53, a diminution of sixty-nine cents per
child, being about thirteen per cent, of last year's rate, necessitating
in many districts where there was little or no balance from the pre-
ceding year, a special tax to meet the deficiency. This, together with
the raising of the free text- book fund for the purchase of books for
general and hygienic instruction, has in a great measure brought
about the great opposition to the consolidation act, the people not
being sufficiently thoughtful and discriminating to attribute the bur-
den to the acts to which it truly belongs.
Township School Act. — The election of new school trustees under
the township act not being completed before the 27th day of July,
and wishing to call the late and the new boards of trustees together
at the same time, I had to postpone the times of my meetings until'
the middle of August. I was on the road from the 14th to the 31st
of August. The work was very laborious. After settling the accounts
of the late boards, in order that the new boards might know just how
the finances of the different schools were, I explained to all present
what would be the workings of the General School law in connection
with the late acts — the consolidation or township, the free text-book
and the narcotic and stimulant. Every section of these three was
carefully gone over, and every question propounded by the trustees
was fully answered and understood. So great was the work that it
required three hours to each meeting, thus making six hours each
day, beside the hurry of travel to meet the appointments.
There was scarcely a board that did not have some objections to the
new acts. The old or late boards felt aggrieved over their being^
legislated out of office ; they felt that the close supervision given by
them over each individual school could not be given by the new
board, thus necessitating greater work upon the part of the county
superintendent. The new boards felt that they had much to do, and
that to do it well would require considerable money. Here was the
great stumbling-block ; for how could they come before the taxpayers-
12 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
with their demands when their taxes, especially those for stone roads,
were already almost too burdensome to be borne ? Had the free
text- book bill been postponed for a couple of years, until the general
taxes became lighter, there would have been but little objection.
Some of the townships declared that they would vote no money, and
would consequently close the schools, if the State moneys were with-
held. I assured them that while they might close them for a time,
the taxpayers would eventually demand their re-opening ; that they
would not suffer their children to be deprived of school privileges,
whatever the cost. Some have been even relying upon the expecta-
tion of the repeal of the acts at the next meeting of the Legislature.
This body will demand a trial of these acts, and no action will
be had until it has been shown that the acts have been proved a
positive injury to the school system; being general in their nature,
and with plenary powers to assert themselves, they cannot work any-
thing but good. The township system has come to stay, notwith-
standing individual, impulsive objection.
Length of School Year. — The schools in Districts Noe. 13, 40 and
50 were kept open for 8.8 months ; that in District No. 24, for 8.7
months; those in 35 and 61, for 8.6 months; that in 98, for 8.5
months; those in 45, 49 and 105, for 8 months; that in 66, for 7.8
months; that in dl^, for 7.6 months; that in 106, for 7.4 months;
those in 33 and 102, for 7 months; those in 100 and 101, for 6.5
months; those in 97 and 103, for 6 months; that in 64, for 5.9
months; and that in 54, for 5 months — this latter time was caused by
the delay in the building of the new school-house. The times for these
schools were shortened for want of sufficient attendance on the part
of the children — a sufficient reason for not withholding the State
money. All the other schools were kept open for nine months and
upward, thus raising the average for all in the county to 8.97 months,
but three-hundredths of a month, or nine-tenths of a day, below the
time required by law.
School Buildings. — The school-house at Delanco needs much repair.
I presume that by the first of September next, the house will be put
into good and comfortable condition, with the addition of another
room fitted for the increase of the number of pupils in the district.
District No. 54 was somewhat late in putting up her new building;
although small, it is comfortable and convenient, and meets all the
wants of the few children in the district.
The school-house at Union Hill, District No. 105, was totally
destroyed by the fire raging through the Pin(s. It will be rebuilt by
the first of September next, and ready for occupation by the school.
The new building at Riverside, of which I spoke last year, was
completed during the year, and superseded the old one in occupancy,
with the school under three teachers. Next year there will be another
room fitted up for the increase of pupils in the district.
BURLINGTON COUNTY— Continued. 13
Teachers' Certificates. — In our regular corps of teachers we find
that —
7 have first grade State certificates.
20 have second grade State certificates.
20 have third grade State certificates.
47 have first grade county certificates.
66 have second grade county certificates.
33 have third grade county certificates.
7 have special county certificates.
The number of certificates issued during the year has been for-
warded to you from time to time, as the examinations occurred.
Owing to the great loneliness of the situation of some of the schools
in the very heart of the sparsity of population, there is often a great
trouble to secure teachers willing to take up their abode in the wilds,
for the little compensation derived from the State funds. By reason
of this I have often to equip the tyro with a provisional certificate,
and persuade him to accept the situation, in order to gain his first
experience in the art of teaching, assuring him of a better in the
future. Were it not for this, there would be some schools minus a
teacher from year to year.
ii6ranVs.— Districts Nos. 4, 9, 11, 12, 13, 22, 24, 29 (Stan wick),.
29 (Wilson Station), 34, 41 and 58 received library aid during the
year. There seems to be no regular system adopted by the trustees
for the keeping of the accounts of the library fund. The reports of
the teachers in reference to it, are very unsatisfactory indeed. No
accounts, in proper shape, being kept, the newly- employed teachers
know nothing of the accounts of past years. There should be a record-
book furnished by the State, and all the items should be recorded by
the teacher as they transpire ; then there would be little or no trouble
in making a satisfactory report to the authorities that be.
Institute. — A joint institute of the teachers of Ocean and Burling-
ton counties was held in the Opera House at Mount Holly on the
6th, 7th and 8th days of December, E, M. Lonan and Edgar Haas^
County Superintendents, presiding.
The address of welcome was made by the Hon. Charles E. Hen-»
drickson, of Mount Holly. In a pleasant and delicate manner he
touched upon the natural, social and business features of the place, to
the great delight of all then present, and in the spirit of generosity
and goodwill he welcomed all from abroad to all that the interests of
close fraternity could suggest, invent or possess. With this happy
prelude, all felt to be on a common ground to make the most of
pleasure and interest that our joint institute could afibrd; and to
make it doubly assured that this state of feeling would continue, the
well- chosen words of Charles D. Raine, in response, were most appro-
priate and eflPective.
The subjects of the lectures for instruction were as follows :
14 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Psychology, by B. C. Gregory, Supervising Principal of Trenton
Schools, N. J.
Drawing, by Miss Janet Emory of Trenton, N. J.
A Scheme of Education, by Dr. Jamea M. Green, of the State
Normal School, Trenton, N. J.
School Management, by Hon. Henry Houck, Deputy State Super-
intendent, Harrisburg, Pa.
How to Save Time, by H. M. Maxson, of Plainfield, N. J.
Address, by Miss Mary P. Rogers.
Methods of Instruction, by Henry P. Houck, Deputy State Superin-
tendent, Pa.
Number and Principles of Arithmetic, by H. M. Maxson, Plain-
field, N. J.
Address, School Exhibit at the Columbian Exposition, by A. B
Poland, Ph.D., State Superintendent of Public Instruction, N. J.
Lecture, in the evening, The Sun, by Prof. C. A. Young, of
Princeton College, N. J.
Lecture, in the evening, The Old and the New, by the Hon.
Henry P. Houck, Deputy State Superintendent, Pa.
To some of the above subjects there were given two, three and even
four periods.
To speak of the work of each individual lecturer would require
or occupy too much space ; but permit me to say that, as a general
thing, the work was very superior, not excelled by that of any other
institute that I ever attended.
The subject most appreciated was the talk of the State Superin-
tendent upon the Educational Exhibit at the Columbian Exposition,
at Chicago, from the fact that he praised all for their ready compli-
ance on short notice, in furnishing the good work that claimed the
admiration of the world. Through his words all felt doubly repaid
for the minute exactness and great labor they expended upon all their
contributions to the great exhibit. Through this declaration of his
appreciation of the work reoeived, he very greatly endeared himself
to all our teachers.
Here I may appropriately confirm his opinion of our work, by
giving a copy of the letter to me, as exhibitor of the work of the
public schools of Burlington county, N. J. :
Washikoton, D. C, June 20th, 1894.
Sjtperlntendent Public Instruction of Burlington County, Bordeniown,
New Jersey :
Dear Sir — I herewith inclose you an official copy of your award,
which, in due time, will be inscribed in the diploma and forwarded
to your present address, unless otherwise indicated by you.
Yours,
JOHN BOYD THACHER,
Chairman Executive Committee on Awards.
BURLINGTON COUNTY— Continued. 15
UNITED STATES.
Department L. — Liberal Arts. 14,984.
Exhibitor — Public schools of Burlington county, Bordentown, N. J.
Group, 149; Class. 850.
Exhibit. — Pupils' work.
Award.
The work of the schools is good generally, but is especially good in
mathematics and language,
(Signed) W. FITZWILLIAM TERRY,
Individual Judge.
Approved :
K. BUENZ,
President Departmental Committee.
Approved :
JOHN BOYD THACHER,
Chairman Executive Committee on Atvards.
Date June 15th, 1894.
Arbor Day. — Arbor day was one of unusual interest throughout
the whole county. From most of the schools having flags the colors
were flung to the breeze, making glad the hearts of all interested in
the welfare of their country. In almost every district there were
present representative men, giving heart and encouragement to the
great cause of tree-planting and forest-protection. Every school
planted more or less trees and shrubbery for climatic influence and
local beauty. Through these Arbor day exercises, as J. Sterling
Morton anticipated and expected, the arboricultural demands for the
future welfare of the country are becomiog more and more manifest
to all. What the school children of to-day cannot accomplish is
hardly worthy of concern.
Teachers' Association. — The monthly meetings of our Teachers'
Association were held as usual at Mount Holly. Instruction in
analytic geometry and the differential and integral calculus was given
by the county superintendent. In the former, the discussion of plane
curves was considered ; the work was chiefly confined to the construc-
tion and derivation of equations of the first and second degrees, in
order that they might become immediately useful in the application
of the principles of the latter subject, the calculus. In this all the
rules of differentiation were deduced, and in immediate reversion the
corresponding rules for integration were made apparent. In both the
differential and the integral were had many practical examples of
maxima and minima, rectification, quadrature and cubature. In every
case a rule was derived, forming in the whole a higher mensuration
for the practical mechanic.
It is surprising to note the eagerness with which the teachers grasp
the idea of changing variability into uniformity of action in all the
practical examples of dynamics.
16 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
There being but nine lectur€s on the subject during the year, it
goes to show that when presented consecutively and aright the sub-
ject is most ea«y of acquisition — as all subjects of high and general
order are.
This leads me to believe that high and general instruction should
be the order of the day in all of our schools. To the child there is
nothing so convincing and positive as high, concise, axiomatic asser-
tion. And where do we find it in all its strength and beauty as in
the few abstract formulse of scientific analysis? I feel that al! our
teachers should so possess the subject that at every breath of inspira-
tion and enthusiasm the effulgence would be electric and instantan-
eously convincing. Under this electric influence how soon would our
common schools emulate our colleges? Tis not the college hall, nor
the local climate that does the work for the student ; it is the magie
of thought in God-like assertive form so possessed by the faculty.
Why do not the presidents of colleges make it known that the acqui-
sition of great truths is simpler and easier than that of the kinder-
garten stuff? They are certainly not afraid of their prestige in the
province of learning. I have hopes that something of this nature
will soon come to pass. At our last examination of applicants for
free scholarships to the Agricultural Department of Rutgers College,
we had from them questions that savored of the inceptive step so
much desired ; the scope was neither low nor meager ; it touched in
mathematics, the source of exact thought, upon the borders of the
general, the comprehensive. The worthy president of the college
feels as I do, that a subject to be taught must be presented, and corre-
sponding appreciation demanded. When these are made the thing is
done — nothing is obtained without asking or demanding.
Visiting Schools. — All the schools were visited once, some twice,
and some three and four times. The whole number of visits during
the year is 232.
As we sum up all the items of work, we feel that we have kept
abreast of the times in progression and improvement.
In conclusion, permit me to thank all the late and the new boards
of education for their courtesy extended to me throughout my inter-
course with them, and especially in my township meetings with them.
Although my labors in these meetings were arduous, yet I feel amply
repaid for them in the kind manner in which my words of advice
and instruction were received.
CAMDEN COUNTY. 17
CAMDEN COUNTY.
Charles S. Albertson, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — I have the honor to present the following report of the
schools of Camden county for the year ending June 30th, 1894.
My statistical report for this year shows a marked advance in public
education in Camden county. The total sum expended is much
larger than heretofore. A study of the table will show that the
increase is in the most beneficial items. A much larger sum has been
expended for building and repairing, more for teachers' salaries, and
more for manual training. We have employed more teachers, the
attendance has been better, and the schools have been kept open for a
longer term. All of this is very encouraging and much to the credit
of the county.
But little opposition is now made to a liberal management of school
aflPairs, and the justice and expediency of public education are no
longer questioned by anyone.
The school buildings in the county are all in good condition. The
capacity of the Garfield building in Stockton has been doubled by
erecting an addition of four rooms. It is now one of the finest
buildings in the county. A very handsome two-room house has been
built in Union District, No. 3. Several buildings have been painted
and otherwise improved. Haddon field and Stockton have displayed
much taste in improving the grounds surrounding their building?.
Many of the buildings are now provided with flags and staffs. 1 hese
in many instances have been donated, while some have been procured
by subscription or entertainment. Most of the schools are now pro-
vided with musical instruments that add much to the enjoyment and
instruction of the pupils. Several districts have voted money for
text- books.
Our teachers' examinations have been regularly held and reports
thereof have been forwarded to you.
We have many normal teachers in the county. These, as a rule,
are very satisfactory, and many of our best school men are now
asking for them. I encourage our county graduates and others to
attend our State Normal School whenever circumstances will permit.
18 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Nearly all the boards now regulate teachers' salaries by the grade of
certificate. This has stimulated teachers to increased eiforts to secure
certificates of the higher grades.
The cities of Camden and Gloucester participated in our county
teachers' institute, which was held in the new Opera House in Camden.
This institute was quite an educational event in the county. Many
practical hints and much valuable instruction were given and taken.
Every school in the county has been visited by the county super-
intendent a', least once, and nearly all twice. Many of them have
been visited much oftener.
Arbor day programmes were sent to every school in the county,
and the day was observed with appropriate exercises by nearly all of
them.
Districts Nos. 4 and 43 have been consolidated in the new town of
Stockton. A new board of education, consisting of nine members,
has been elected. A thorough re organization of the schools has been
commenced, and great improvement is anticipated. It is the inten-
tion of the board to employ a competent supervising principal, who
will have charge of all schools in the town, and make each one a part
of a regularly-graded system. The new board consists of some of the
most progressive business men of the town. The board and the
people are evincing great interest in the work ; in fact, there is an
educational revival there.
The meetings of the teachers' association have been regularly
held and have generally been well attended. At each meeting we
have had able speakers.
Our annual county examination of pupils was held. A large
number of certificates of merit and several diplomas were granted.
It gives me much satisfaction to report that the city of Camden has
heartily co-operated with the county during this year. The teachers
of the city took a leading and active part in the institute. The com-
mission generously paid for the Opera House, and with the city
superintendent gave valuable aid in arranging the programmes and
other details. The city has generously given the use of one of its
school buildings in which to hold the county teachers' examinations.
Our county teachers and myself have been cordially invited to attend
city lectures and to join its classes in special studies. The reports
from the city have been full, correct and prompt.
In conclusion, allow me to express my hearty approval of the town-
ship system and to predict grand results from it.
CAPE MAY COUNTY. 19
CAPE MAY COUNTY.
Vincent O. Miller, Superintendent,
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — I have the honor to report to you the work of the public
schools of Cape May county for the year ending June 30th, 1894.
School Buildings. — At Mount Pleasant a commodious three-room
building was erected for the accommodation of the Hebrew settlement at
Woodbine and vicinity. The construction of the building is due to
Ihe wisdom and energy of Mr. H. L. Sabsovich, the local representa-
tive of the De Hirsch committee, of New York City. The new
school-house at South Seaville will seat forty-four pupils, and has
modern appliances for heat and ventilation.
County Association. — A county association of teachers was formed
<iuring the year and held five stated meetings. These meetings were
well attended and already have shown good results.
Examinations. — The regular examinations have been held as re-
•quired by law.
Institutes. — Cape May and Cumberland counties again jointly held
an institute at Wildwood. October 11th, 12th and 13th, 1894. It
was well attended, and Prof. M. G. Brumbaugh, Dr. James M.
•Green and Miss Ella S. Richardson gave good practical instruction.
All the schools of the county have been visited twice or oftener
during the year.
20 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
CUMBERLAND COUNTY.
Charles G. Hampton, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Sir — I herewith respectfully submit my annual report of the con-
dition of the public schools of Cumberland county for the school
year ending June 30th, 1894. ^^^aisB
Districts. — The new township school act reduces the number of
districts in my county from 63 to 12, and changes the number of
trustees from 210 to 108, including those of the two cities of Bridge-
ton and Millville, in which there has been no decrease in number.
I am unable to say as yet whether the decrease in the number of
trustees is an advantage to the schools or not, but it certainly prevents
local representation in many instances, and that local personal inter-
est in the schools heretofore felt in rural districts. Time may shoWy
however, that this loss is more than made up by the benefits gained in
other ways under the workings of the new law.
Teachers. — The examinations since last February have presented a
new line of thought to most new applicants for teachers' certificates^
and fewer certificates than usual have been issued. This, together
with the removal of several teachers to other and better-paying fields
of labor, has left room for several teachers from other counties. I
shall have to admit, therefore, that the past year has witnessed more
changes than usual among the teachers throughout the county. It is
to be hoped that the changes of teachers, which many times are so
injurious to the schools, will become less frequent under the new Jaw.
School- Houses. — No new school-houses have been erected in Cum-
berland county during the past year, and but little money has been
expended for additions to buildings, alterations or new furniture. All
school buildings, however, have been kept in a good state of repair
and all worn-out and broken furniture replaced with new. But three
of the old-style, inconvenient school-houses remain in the county, and
two of these are provided with modern furniture. School- house No.
3, Lawrence township, is old, inconvenient and overcrowded, and
will, probably, give way to a new one next summer. It is a little
remarkable that there is a new two-story school- house in the county
unoccupied. This is caused by the sudden removal of all the inhabi-
CUMBERLAND COUNTY. 21
tants of the Jewish settlement of Halberton. The school census of
May, 1893, gave this district a school population of 56 children,
while that of May, 1894, gave it 17. Now it probably has less than
iO children.
Visits. — I have made the usual number of school visits during the
past year, neglecting no school and visiting some several times.
These visits sometimes necessitate long drives over bad roads in
inclement weather, but they serve to encourage both pupils and
teachers. In fact, in some few instances my visits are the only ones
received by the schools for months.
Manual Training. — The manual training work continues to grow
in usefulness and popularity in the Vineland schools. It is reaching
out and embracing new lines of work in these schools, to the satisfac-
tion of the friends and patrons of the schools, but has not been
introduced into other schools.
Financial. — The amount of money apportioned to the various dis-
tricts from the State school funds is quite insufficient in many
instances, more particularly in districts employing more than one
teacher. This deficiency is cheerfully made up by a vote of the
inhabitants to raise whatever money is needed by a special tax for
the support of their school.
Teachers^ Institaie. — This county and Cape May county joined in
holding the institute, as has been the custom for the past seven years.
The teachers find it both pleasant and profitable to hold the institute
in the early autumn for two reasons — it is pleasant at this time at
the seashore, and they have a large part of the school year to apply
what they have learned at the institute.
Arbor Day. — The proper observance of this day is becoming more
popular with teachers and pupils. Preparations were begun long
beforehand in most schools, and the day was made the occasion to
call the citizens to the school-house. I would suggest, however, that
for the sake of mild weather the day be fixed for the very latter part
of April or the early part of May.
Columbian Exhibit. — The impulse given to certain lines of work
in the school-room in preparing exhibits for the Chicago Fair con-
tinues to be felt with increasing force, and what was looked upon as
an innovation by many teachers has proved to be a blessing to the
schools. The schools are not only able to do much better work now
of the same kind, but they have broadened the scope of work and
reached out in many directions.
22 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
ESSEX COUNTY.
M. H. C. Vail, Superintendent.
To Addison B, Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — In submitting this my fourth annual report, which the State
Board of Education in their wisdom have decided shall be my last,
I fain would have promulgated some features the formulation of which
I had been engaged upon from the beginning of my work as county
superintendent, and which I had trusted would have added not a
little to the growth and prosperity as well as increasing the growing
popularity of our public schools, the tenor of which I must necessarily
refrain from mentioning, since their scope and extent would depend
almost entirely upon my own personal efforts for their introduction.
That this should be my fourth annual report in a term of three
years may appear an anomaly, but yet it is as certainly a fact, which
came about in this wise. My predecessor having taken the extra-
ordinary precaution of ordering all the collectors, district clerks with
principals and teachers to send their annual reports to myself, thus
forcing upon me, as his successor, the necessity of making his report
to your predecessor, which work I finally succeeded in carrying to
completion through the kindly assistance of Mr. J. Brognard Betts,
who yet fills most acceptably the trying place of Assistant State
Superintendent of Public Instruction, and just here I do not think it
improper to interpolate my thanks for the many kindnesses received
from your honor, and the polite attentions I have received during the
past three years from everybody connected with the office.
Condition of the Schools. — That I am able to report a general
advancement in all the schools in Essex county, and in all the
departments of the same, is gratifying in the extreme, and taken
as a whole, the marvelous growth and progress of the schools
and what has been achieved along all the lines of our grand
public school system, the past three years, will mark an epoch
in their history ; not because of the work of any one individual
official, nor because of the superior work or sleepless vigilance of
any one individual or set of teachers; not because of the liberality
of the people, the taxpayers of any one district, but simply
because it has been the era of good feeling that the result possible
ESSEX COUNTY. 23
from one united, lofty, determined purpose to secure that possible best,
has been obtained.
School- Houses. — The logic of good results obtainable through the
magnetic influence of good school-houses has had a most emphatic
demonstration in Essex county. To be sure we had many good
school- houses in this county when I was called upon to assume the
direction of public school affairs; but along with these there were
some which might be termed medium, and again others fit only for con-
demnation and destruction. Notably of the latter class, the little barn
of an affair at White Oak Ridge, Di? triot No. 24, Millburn township,
around which gathered (in all probability) more unpleasant neighbor-
hood and family feud recollections than around any other single
structure in the county. On my first visit to this No. 24 I found but
three pupils under instruction and an almost broken-hearted young
woman, who informed me that her home was quite near the battle-
field of Gettysburg, was apparently doing her bent under the most
discouraging surroundings to conduct the school. With the little
ones crouching like frightened rabbits, the discouraged woman related
the sorrowful condition of affairs while tears coursed down her wan
cheeks, and I learned that the district clerk was not on speaking terms
with the trustees, and that they were not on speaking terms with each
other ; that a church fight was yet under way, which began several
years before, and herself had been set down a Romanist because she
wore a simple, little gold cross on her bosom — a present from her
mother ; that, in short, the leading spirits of the neighborhood were
suffering from woes they knew not the nature of, and they all concen-
trated in and about the little, old cow- shed of a school-house.
Had I been county superintendent for twenty-three years, six
months and a day, as had my fortunate predecessor, I might have
winked at it all and left them to fight the battle out in their own
way, but as I was new and had naught but the honestly- earned title
of M.D. to my name, I had my way — that is, I condemned the house
and forbid its occupancy for school purposes any longer. Result :
In six months a new house was .greeted, the neighborhood held a love-
feast at its dedication, the school fight and church troubles had ended ;
thirty bright children occupied places in the modern seats, and the
sweet- sounding notes of an organ, touched by the fingers of a happy
teacher, were heard resounding in harmony with voices never heard
before. Where the wild birds had done all the singing for years,
sweet- voiced school children are now giving them a respite.
Lyons Farms. — The little stone jug of an affair which had done
duty for more than a century in the school- house line was another of
those heirlooms, and which naturally fell to my lot through the kindly
forbearance of my predecessor, but which right early fell under my
condemnation. Result : One of the prettiest and most convenient
school-houses in the State, a largely- increased scholarship and an addi-
tional teacher to help on the good work. In this connection, although
24 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
a trifle singular, it is pleasant to relate the fact that the love of the
people has caused them to preserve the little stone building, which
dates back to the time when the great Washington paused at its door
and its pupils heard the rifle crack, three miles away, when the heroic
Parson Caldwell rushed into the old Springfield church, gathered his
arms full of Watts' hymn-books for wadding, and, as he passed them to
the soldiers, shouted "Give 'em Watts, boys ! Give 'em Watts !" There
are still other instances which might be related, but enough has been
said to abundantly prove that there is such a science as school- house
psychology. Did I desire to go further and prove how beautifully
and truly beneficent are new and comfortable school-houses, and how
salutarily they affect the schools, and how, for the pride of the young
in the school-house he attends and the seat he adores goes toward the
advancement of his scholarship, you have only to refer to the
thousands of bright examples ready for presentation wherever the
pride of the architect and the skill of the mechanic and artisan
crown the hilltop and adorn the valley.
Manual Training and Kindergarten. — Again I am able to report
progress in this beautiful line of public school instruction. Since my
last report, East Orange has joined the ranks of the rapidly- swelling
army of schools where the pupils have the wicket- gates to the reali-
ties of life and the business of the world thrown open before them.
" No step backward" is the motto in this county. As yet, Montclair
is the only school where I am able to report the school-kitchen open
to the young misses, where they may take lessons in cooking and
baking and good coftee-making, but other schools are making ready
the little hijou of kitchens where the young misses can wrestle with
high-art cooking. No one can fully understand the far-reaching
benefits of teaching along these lines till they come to a full realiza-
tion of the fact how very few of the children from the common
schools have opportunity to further pursue education. The kinder-
garten has come to stay. This I am pleased to report.
Arbor Day. — A growing love for Arbor day among all the schools
is slowly forcing upon the people a realization of how much it means
to the country and the world. This is because they are beginning to
understand it better. The reports from each principal of the several
schools, all of which I sent to your office, show pretty conclusively
that the science of forestry is being accepted as a living theme.
Teachers' Institute. — The teachers' institute of last year was well
attended, and proved one of the most interesting since my connection
with the schools, the presence of yourself and Prof. Brumbaugh add-
ing immense zest to the occasion.
The New School Law. — Although I had personal objections to aad
certain misgivings as to the beneficent character of the new School
law, yet, like the faithful lieutenant I determined to be, I set my best
energies at work in its adaptation to the schools, and trust results will
prove that I made few mistakes, and that the new machinery was
mm-'
'■ warn
.mm -m.
I
GLOUCESTER COUNTY. 25
TunniDg with commendable smoothness when I was asked to give
place to another.
Teachers. — My last reports, which are in your hands, show pretty
conclusively that the more than two hundred teachers engaged in this
county have done a work of which we may all feel proud. Our close
proximity to the schools of pedagogy and the training colleges of New
York and Brooklyn, has lent advantages which many of the teachers
have taken hold of. The sincere effort which they have, one and all,
made to overcome truancy, absenteeism and tardiness has been markedly
successful. This may be seen in regard to the two latter especially,
in my reports. For their conscientious care of the young entrusted
to them, for the progress in learning, which is everywhere abundantly
manifest, I am truly thankful. For the past three years it has been
my pleasant duty to mingle with, counsel and direct them in the pur-
suance of their work, and I may be permitted to say that there grew
up between us an affectionate regard, and when the unearned and
unexpected blow fell which severed the relations, every pupil felt the
shock as it was transmitted through superintendent, principal and
teacher, and many a tear of regret wet the eye that looked the word
which the tongue could not speak — farewell.
GLOUCESTER COUNTY.
W. H. Eldridge, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
I herewith respectfully submit my third annual report of Glouces-
ter county for the year ending June 30th, 1894.
The past year has been a successful one in school work. The
teachers have shown great interest in their labors and in their attend-
ance at our institutes and associations. Daricg the year we had two
association meetings, and at both over 91 per cent, of our teachers
were present. Our children seem to grow more interested in their
work. This is shown by an increased percentage of attendance and
better results in the annual examinations.
Arbor day was celebrated by all the schools except two or three.
We have two handsome new stone school buildings to begin the
next year's school work in ; one, a twelve-roomed building at Glass-
26 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
boro, costing about $16,000, and another of four rooms and costing^
about $7,000, at Wenonah. The patrons of both districts are proudl
of their schools, and well they may be, for they not only have excel-
lent^ buildings but good corps of teachers.
The teachers' examinations were well attended, but a greater percent-
age of the applicants were rejected than in any preceding year. This,.
I think, was owing to the age and inexperience of the candidates — a
great number of them being very young.
I would say something regarding some of the laws, passed by our
last Legislature, affecting our schools. That requiring physiology
and effects of alcohol and narcotics on the human system taught to
all pupils, I think to some extent unwise — unwise in requiring books
on the subject to be placed in the hands of children just able lo read
and write. Few of our children in the first and second reader grades
can comprehend much in the most elementary books published on the
subjects. Properly handled by the teachers \^ithout the books for
such grades, they might prove beneficial. For the upper grades it is
well. Yet all teachers I am sure were devoting proper time to the
subjects.
The Text- book act needs nothing said in its favor. It was needed
and will add to the efficiency of our schools.
Much can be offered in favor of the Township act. Already we in
this county can see advantages arising from it. The new boards of
trustees are already showing great interest in the condition of the
school properties, the teachers, and their work. I can venture to
say that the township boards, as now constituted, already know more
concerning the schools in their respective townships than any old
board of three knew of the school in its own district. This alone
means better oversight of the schools, more thorough work by the
teachers, and stronger foundations for the pupils. Heretofore the
teacher, in too many cases, has had things too much his or her way.
Now the trustees will have more to say in the control of school work.
Again, that feature of the new law which gives parents the right to
send their children to the nearest school is of great importance. The
boundaries of some old districts were such as to require some children
to go two or three miles to the school in their respective districts,
while a school in an adjoining district would be one or one and a half
from their homes. I call to mind now a district in which four
families had to send their children from two and a half to three miles
over a road across meadows, and often flooded to the depth of several
inches, while a school in an adjoining district was only two miles
from the farthest of the four families, and the road leading to it a
good one.
That feature giving every child in a township equal school
privileges is of great importance. Heretofore children were confined
to one school, no matter what grade. Often the upper grade pupils
were held back because the teacher's time was taken for the under
HUDSON COUNTY. 27
grades. Now our schools can be graded ; each township, without
extra expense, can have its high grade school, at which all first and
advance grade pupils can receive as thorough instruction as they
would get could they be sent to an ordinary boarding school. Some
townships are already making such a graded system, and I anticipate
better and stronger educational foundations for the "children of the-
State, particularly those in the rural sections.
HUDSON COUNTY.
Rev. George C. Houghton, D.D., Superintendent.
To Addison B, Poland, State Saperintendent :
Sir — It is a privilege to submit my ninth annual report of the
schools in Hudson county. Since my last report the changes in
School law have given us a severe opportunity of testing some of the
features of the township system, and, with probably not more than
one or two exceptions, it has been an unbloody and a most peaceful
revolution. If only the enactment had swept away special charters,
and given us the one law for all towns and townships alike, the
heart-burning would have ceased by this time and a great boon would
have been granted to those schools especially that are now under
special charter, and also to the whole school system. There cannot
but be some very awkward incidents arising from the real or fancied
thumb- in- the- waistcoat attitude of special charter districts, and to
many of the people there seems to be some sort of incongruity in the
provision which exempts one town or district from amenability to the
safeguards which the State Board of Education wisely provides for
our government, while a neighboring town or district enjoys all the
privileges of the best school laws in the United States. While I do
not presume to suggest that this matter has escaped the thoughtful
consideration of the department, I speak of it because my attention
has been drawn to it repeatedly by those who have felt the burden
which this anomaly entails upon them.
Examinations. — There has been a large increase in the number of
candidates for teachers' certificates during the past year, and it is
proper to add that there has been a larger number of failures. This
latter is no doubt partly due to the stricter educational lines followed
28 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
in the preparation of the questions, and partly due, also, to the fact
that the Board of Examiners has very strictly followed the pace set
by the advancing grade of questions. But, notwithstanding these
facts, we have to- day very many more candidates holding certificates
and waiting for positions than we have had heretofore at any one
time during the past nine years. I can see some cause for this in the
growing custom of boards of education to fill vacancies with gradu-
ates of the State Normal School. Certainly no complaint can be
made by the people when their boards of education seek the best-
€quipped teachers for the instruction of their childreo. There can
be no question about the advantage of having trained teachers, and it
therefore seems to be most marvelous that the custom I am speaking
of should have been so long in maturing. I have for years urged
<;andidates to avail themselves of the training of the State's Model
School, but the matter of expense has in this county deterred hun-
dreds of would-be teachers from going to Trenton, which is so far
away from home. And now the problem confronts us, what are we
■to do with not only the already certified candidates, but the vast
numbers who, like their elders, have spent so much time io study and
home- schools preparation for what they believe to be their proper
life-work, if the teaching corps is to be drawn from normal gradu-
.^tes ? This problem is one that I have to wrestle with almost daily.
Will the State provide more normal schools ? Will the department
give us a State school in Newark (or Jersey City), so that our candi-
dates can live at home and yet attend a model school of training ? Of
course it is not for me to do other than state our difficulty and ask
for such relief as may be deemed possible and best for at least two or
three hundred pupils who would be ready at once to form a nucleus
of a large State branch model school. The cities would benefit from
this movement even more largely than the county schools.
Arbor Day. — There was an observance of Arbor day in every
school in the county. Thirty-one flower-beds were planted and fifty-
nine trees, and in reading over the various reports I find that a large
number of the trees were dedicated to the State Superintendent. In
almost every school-house there were gathered a fairly large number
of townspeople, and a suitable programme, based quite generally on
the programme which I sent to the teachers, was carried out, includ-
ing instructive addresses from cultured speakers.
Special Mention. — In North Bergen township, Mr. Joel Horton
and Miss Tuohy are doing a faithful work in their respective rooms
an the Bull's Ferry school. The New Durham school, under Mr. E.
A. Murphy, is doing a good work in creating and cultivating a desire
for good reading in the homes of the pupils. Much has been accom-
plished already, and it is a growing work. In the school- room Mr.
Murphy and his teachers make a special feature of the English classics
and literature for children, and have started kindergarten work, Mr.
John C. Allen, in Homestead, has had, I think, a very successful
HUDSON COUNTY— Continued. 29
year, especially in mathematics and history. He has but two class-
rooms, and the school- house is an old but substantial brick buildings
comfortable enough, but without modern improvements of any kind.
Miss Carmody, in Granton, has for many years been in successful
charge of this, the only one-room school-house in the county. It is
isolated, and the pupils all come from a distance. The East New
Durham school, under Mr. Phelan and Miss Havens, is an old-time
wooden building, and is too crowded for successful work under ordi-
nary teachers, but they have accomplished a great deal, especially in
the kindergarten work. Mr. Roberson has a good, modern build-
ing, well lighted, suitably heated with a hot-water system. He has-
begun the kindergarten, and a good, even work is being done. Hi&
pupils are chiefly the children of a foreign population, and special at-
tention is and must be given to the study of the English language.
In Union Hill, Mr. Ortel and his large and excellent corps of
teachers have given special care to the subject of intelligent thought-
gathering in their pupils' reading, and with wonderful success. If I
should give a brief statement of the work of this school, I should
say that the pupils are taught nothing at all, but they have found out
a vast deal by experimental work. In Weehawken, Mr. E. W.
Kernan has charge of one of our very best school buildingp, well
lighted and heated and ventilated. He has successful teachers, and
he and they are to be commended for their progressive work. Physi-
cal culture is a special feature in Weehawken, and there is a sturdy
vigor about everything they undertake. In Guttenberg there ha&
been much to hinder any special advance during the year, although
some of the class work has been most commendable. In Union
township there are two school buildings, both good. During the
past school year the two schools were still in separate districts ; they
are now, of course, consolidated, and as the North Weehawken school
is being enlarged, the sessions of both schools are held in West New
York. Mr. Philip M. Ward was the principal of the North Wee-
hawken school, and had for his assistant Miss Carrie Sieb. I say that
Mr, Ward was principal, because I regret to be obliged to note the
death of this most estimable young man. Among all the young men
whom I have had in responsible positions in the Hudson county
schools, I gladly bear witness that Philip Ward was one of the most
phenomenal in organizing and in objective teaching. He was a born-
teacher, and his studiousness kept him always abreast of the day.
Had his life been spared, I think that he would have reached a very
eminent position in the teaching profession, or adorned the learned
profession of law, for which he was fully equipped. The North
Weehawken school had for years been in a most wretched condition
in every way, and it is due to this young man that it was lifted to
the plane of a progressive and excellent school. His successor, Mr.
Robins, is a young man of great promise, and I look for a continu-
ance of success under his admirable management.
50 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
In West New York the pupils have clone a great deal of work. It
is not always possible to do a great deal and do it all well, but Mr.
"Van Sickle has proved to be an administrative man and a studious
one, and has planned an elaborate graded system for his pupils, which
will require much hard work on the part of both teachers and
scholars in order that it may be fairly tried. If he succeeds,' he will
deserve great credit and great praise, and the township board, which
has placed him over both schools as supervising principal, will receive
its share of credit for the generous way in which they have accorded
him absolute freedom of action in the management of all school
matters connected with the educational interests of the township. In
a large town, and where the home environments were different, the
task which Mr. Van Sickle has set for himself and his teachers might
he less arduous. West Hoboken has again lost accomplished teachers
by death, Miss Billings and Miss Baptist. They were in character
and ability faithful representatives of the profession, and their loss to
West Hoboken is by no means inconsiderable. Miss Billings had
been in ill health for some time, but kept to her post of duty faith-
fully until nearly the end. Miss Baptist died quite suddenly. The
school interests of the town have lost by retirement the valued ser-
vices of a very faithful trustee, Mr. James Dickinson. Few busy
men are able to give so much time and thought to school interests as
he has done during many years, and without other reward than a
persDnal sense of duty done, and well done. Drawing has been made
a special feature in West Hoboken, and the specimens which I have
examined show a wonderful development of this branch of school
work. There is no other such development in the county schools,
except in the Town of Union. In Harrison the schools under Mr.
Dwyer and Mr. Pendergast, have moved along in an even tenor as
heretofore. Year before last these schools were obliged to bear some
very unjust and libelous attacks made upon their work, through
signed and anonymous letters in the newspapers. Copies of these
letters were sent to me, and a rising young citizen paid me a visit for
the purpose of taking me to task because I did not remedy the evils
complained of, and the rising young citizen was astonished at the turn
affairs assumed after he had completed his deliverance. I mention
this matter in order that I may say how unfounded was this adverse
criticism, and to add that the rising young citizen, who was author
of it all, has been compelled to live as far as possible away from
Harrison. A county superintendent has as much reason to be loyal
to the teachers of his county as they should be to him, and he may at
some time have occasion, by caurageous and manly, perhaps "heroic,"
treatment, to save them from in] ustice and persecution. The schools
of Harrison are doing good work, and in the last county examination
three of their teachers, who received first grade certificates, received
over 90 per cent, average. In the township of Kearny we have
four school-houses open and a new one soon to open. Mr. A. G.
HUDSON COUNTY— Continued. 31
Balcom is the superintending principal, and also has charge of School
No. 2, Mr. Balcom has made a special feature of music, and on the
occasion of one of my visits I was very greatly surprised by the music
drill of his pupils, and when I learned that it was but a short time
previous that Mr. Balcom was himself without the knowledge of a
note of music, it was the more astonishing that he could have
imparted so much musical knowledge to his pupils. I hope that
many Ocher principals of schools will follow in Mr. Bilcom's musical
footsteps. Mr. John Keynton and his teachers in No. 4 school and
high school, have shown very creditable work during the past year,
and Mrs. Shepard and Miss Kenton have not slackened in their
attention to the onerous duties devolving upon them in their respective
schools, onerous duties which only those who have taught in these
localities can rightly apprehend. Mr. Jonathan Woods is still the
efficient district clerk in Kearny, and like Mr. Greenfield and Mr.
Bloodgood, two members of the board who have served some years,
never- failing in their interest in the welfare of the public schools.
Manual Training. — I hoped, I still hope, that important centers
like Harrison, Kearny and West Hoboken will introduce manual
training, but 1 am not at all sure that I understand why men of such
i)road views and educational sympathies should allow themselves to
be deprived of the great advantages to their children which must be
the speedy result of the introduction of manual training. In Union
Hill the work in this branch of education has proved to be invalu-
able to the town. During the past year the progress made has been
most satisfactory. In the drawing department every sheet is an exhi-
bition piece.
In Hoboken there has been added to the other several departments,
working in iron, and encouraging results have been shown. The
manual training is not under the care of the city board of education;
children from the Roman and Lutheran academies and other private
schools are taught in all the branches. To avoid any opportunity for
friction between the manual training board and the city board of
education, the president of the city board and the superintendent of
the city schools are on the manual training board, and the superin-
tendent of the city schools is the superintendent of the manual
training classes, and he can't quarrel with himself. There never
has been the least friction between the two boards at any time
during the eight years in which manual training has been in opera-
tion in Hoboken. I note this fact because some persons have thought
that the work could not be carried on under two boards harmoni-
ously. The board of manual training, as well as the city board of
education, lost a valuable member in the death of John Reid, and
the manual training lost by resignation the services of Miss Jeanette
Palen, who had for years been their phenomenally successful teacher
of wood-carving. Miss Palen is a painstaking student, ardently
devoted to her profession ; thoughtful, original, progressive.
32 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
New School Buildwgs. — There are some new school buildings in-
the county, one in Kearny, another in Union Hill, and still another
in West Hoboken ; and there will be others in Secaucus and East
New Durham — modern buildings with all school appliancfs.
I feel sure that the past year has been beyond other years in sub-
stantial and progressive school work and yet has left room enough-
for the year we have entered upon.
REPORT FROM TOWN OF UNION.
Rev. G. C. Houghton, M.A., D.D., County Superintendent of School Sy
Hudson County, N. J. :
Dear Sir — At your request I hereby submit the report for the
schools of this town for the year 1894.
N(w School Building. — We took possession of our new school-house
in March, and furnished and occupied four rooms. In September an-
additional room was occupied, leaving three vacant rooms.
The Smead- Wills system of heating and ventilating and dry
closets has proved entirely satisfactory.
Course of Study. — Oar course of study has been extended by add-
ing general history. Text books in this subject, as well as in
geometry, have been furnished. In compliance with the law, text-
books in physiology have also been placed in the hands of the pupils.
Graduating Exercises. — There were twenty- four pupils graduated*
on the evening of June 27th, in the large and beautifully decorated
assembly-room of our new building. The demand for invitations to-
these exercises was considerably in excess of the supply. Every one
of the 500 seats was occupied by the parents and friends of the
graduate?, twelve of whom were boys.
Arbor Day. — Suitable Arbor day exercises were held in the build-
ings and on the grounds, by programmes of literary and musical
exercises, followed by planting trees and laying out flower beds.
Attendance. — There were enrolled in the schools during the year
2,439 different pupils. The total number of cases of tardiness was
312. This means one case of tardiness per teacher every twenty- two
days.
School Library. — The pupils drew 4,816 books out of the school
library during the year.
Manual Training. — For particulars in this department see special
manual training report.
Conclusion. — Work along all the lines has been encouraging, and
we hope to be able to accomplish still more the coming year.
Otto Ortel,
Supervising Principal.
Town of Union, Hudson County.
HUNTERDON COUNTY. 33
HUNTERDON COUNTY.
E. M. Heath, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — In concluding my school report of last year I stated, "the
past school year has been a grand one ; the present is hopeful." My
hopeful expectations have, in a large measure, been fulfilled, and I
am able to look over the year's work with a good degree of satisfac-
tion. Many reasons might be given for this onward movement, the
most potent of which is the employment of a greater number of
trained normal teachers, the large number possessing the higher
grade county certificates and the stimulus derived from the Colum-
bian work.
Arbor Day — Never before in our county has the observance of
Arbor day been so general and valuable as the past one. The very
excellent programme prepared by Superintendent Terhune, of Bergen
county, and the presentation of a beautiful shade tree to every school
district in the county, by Surrogate Cramer, served to arouse an
enthusiasm in this direction never before attained.
Teachers' Institute — Our teachers' institute was held in the Court
House at Flemington, November 27th, 28th and 29th. The attend-
ance was quite full, the exercises varied and instructing. By many
this was pronounced the best institute ever held in our county. Some
little of the spirit of carping criticism was present. The ranks of
this class will always be full from the supply of middle-aged failures.
Reference to the statistical report will give the information usually
noted.
Future Education. — In all great movements, whether civic or
educational, there will always arise extremists whose sight is obscured
by present expectation ; those who might have the power to peer into
the future were they not carried away by the enthusiasm of the
moment. Men there are whose ideals of government or of educa-
tional conditions are worked out with startling activity and reckless-
ness. Then there is the ever-present Colonel Sellers, who sees the
future work accomplished without a thought to the detail — mental
bankrupts, whose ability to handle their own affairs is exemplified by
their failures, and who accordingly take a clerical position to lay plans
3
34 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
for someone else's success. Pendulums in educational work have
been swinging with the potential energy of time and are using the
gathered kinetic strength to produce an amplitude of astounding
dimensions. These are now being aided by the above-mentioned
enthusiasts and a word of caution seems necessary to some of our
younger teachers, lest they, imbued with the ideas gathered from the
uncautious, shall take the ideal for the real and expect to see the ful-
fillment of the noblest thought at a single stroke. Advanced thought
should not be delayed for a single instant ; rather let it be aided by
all the forces at our command, but we must not see in the start of
the pendulum its fullest amplitude.
Young people will doubtless be the most enthusiastic workers. In
them is to be realized the motive force that will be well-nigh inex-
haustible. I speak now of their taking the work of nature or of
science as a child takes a toy — a delightful entertainment for a short
time, but soon to be laid aside for the next that chance or the ever-
ready inventor may place within its reach. Herein lies a danger that
must be carefully guarded against. Should such a condition of
things seize our teachers, our nineteenth century ideas are hopelessly
ruined, and the feature of continuity, that great safeguard of success,
will be swept into subservience to whimsical instability.
Our plea must then be for the proper presentation of the educa-
tional value to be gained. We must awaken a desire to secure a
result, and then the matter of detail becomes easy. Let a teacher
desire to rear the child to become a useful citizen, and all the plans
of civics will be eagerly sought after. Let her have to teach civil
government and the monotonous routine is a hindrance. Let her
teach botanical analysis to the primary classes, and so long as there is
new beauty in the flower to her, the work will continue ; but as
interest lags the ideal is lost, the lesson becomes a drudge and another
opponent is gained for advanced thought. But when she feels that
as the little bud is placed before the child she is watching for the bud
of immortal thought regardless of the relations of the plant to its soil,
she will have gained a priceless lesson.
MERCER COUNTY. 35
MERCER COUNTY.
Jno. S. Van Dike, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — In addition to my statistical report of the condition of the
public schools of Mercer county, now in your hands, the following
supplementary observations are presented :
In this the first year of my incumbency it has been my effort to
acquaint myself with the school affairs of the county in general.
With very few exceptions, the schools were found in the hands of
competent and faithful teachers.
The teachers' institute was held in Trenton, in the assembly hall of
the State Normal School. The many expressions praising the success
of the institute should be very gratifying to those who arranged the
programme, as well as to the lecturers who instructed us.
Arbor day was generally observed, and a large number of trees
and shrubs planted. The excellent order of exercises, prepared by
Superintendent Terhune, was distributed to all of the schools.
No new buildings have been erected during the year, and no exten-
sive repairs made. Arrangements have been made for the erection of
a fine building at Hightstown, and also for a single-room building in
the Rosedale district, in Lawrence township. The building in Woo-
samonsa district, Hopewell township, will also be enlarged and im-
proved during the summer.
Very poor blackboards were found in a great many schools. This
will be remedied during the vacation in a number of cases, where
contracts have been made for new slate-boards.
Earnest efforts have been made to induce teachers to establish libra-
ries, or to add to those already established, and the result has been
very gratifying.
The regular teachers' examinations were held. The change allow-
ing applicants to devote two days to their work will, I am sure, secure
better results. Candidates will be relieved of nervousness, caused by
apprehension that there will not be time enough to complete their
answers, and poor work, consequent upon weariness from continuous
mental application for so long a period, avoided.
Application was made for the division of Friendship district, in
36 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Hamilton township, but it was not thought best to do so. It seems
to me that where the number of children becomes too large for one
teacher, and distances are not great, more good will result from the
addition of another teacher and a division of the pupils into two
grades.
I am under grateful obligations for assistance and advice so kindly
rendered at the State Department.
MIDDLESEX COUNTY.
H. Brewster Willis, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — In compliance with the law, I submit my annual report con-
cerning the public schools of Middlesex county for the year ending
June 30th, 1894.
I herewith present a brief statement of the statistical report :
Amount of money received from the State, including
the amount raised by district tax $145,170 29
Amount expended for teachers' salaries $89,381 62
Amount expended for building and repairing 19,531 97
Amount expended for fuel and janitors 9,751 29
Amount expended for incidentals 5,457 76
Amount expended for debt and interest 5^854 88
Amount expended for taking school census 744 32
Amount expended for free text- books and apparatus... 3,305 41
Total amount expended $134,027 25
Value of school property in the county $214,050 00
Number of children school-houses will comfortably
seat (exclusive of cities) 6,340
Number of children between 5 and 18 years of age
who have attended school during the year (exclu-
sive of cities) 5,497
Number of teachers employed 194
MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 37
Number of male teachers employed 16
Number of female teachers employed 178
Average monthly salary paid male teachers $81 30
Average monthly salary paid female teachers 44 27
Total number of school districts in county 79
Number of districts receiving more than $375 25
Number of districts receiving $375 44
Number of districts receiving $275 10
Teachers^ Examinations. — The regular county examinations were
held during the year as required by law.
The following table will show the number of teachers, exclusive
of cities, holding the certificates of the respective grades:
First State 7
Second State 6
Third State 14
First county , 16
Second county 43
Third county 36
The number of teachers who have emerged out of the third grade
standing into the second and first is very gratifying, and indicates a
commendable advancement on tJae part of the teachers and promise
of corresponding good results in the pupils.
Pupils' Examination. — Seventeen pupils from the graduation classes
presented themselves during the year for third grade examination,
which has become among the pupils in this county the highest school
honor.
Of the seventeen pupils, ten met the requirements of a third grade
examination, and the county superintendent issued a testimonial of
merit to the successful ones.
These pupils' examinations have been held during the regular
county examinations for the past three years, and have done much to
stimulate a healthy rivalry among the pupils and teachers of the
higher grades.
A graduate securing a testimonial of merit is held in high esteem,
and is made prominent in all graduating exercises.
County School Visitation and Inspection. — Every school-room,
building and property has been carefully inspected at least twice
during the year, and boards of trustees immediately notified to make
repairs or furnish supplies where needed.
New District. — A new school district, known as Keasbey's Land-
ing, on the Raritan river near the city of Perth Amboy, has been
formed during the year from a portion of Fairfield Union district,
Woodbridge township.
38 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
A desirable lot for school purposes was donated to the district by
the Raritan Hollow and Porous Brick Co. A school building was
about to be erected when the district was abolished by the Legislature.
Teachers^ Institute. — The teachers' institute of Middlesex county
was held in the Livingston Avenue high school building, New Bruns-
wick, November 28th and 29th, 1893.
The following was the programme :
TUESDAY — MORNING SESSION.
10:30 to 10:45 — Opening exercises.
10:45 to 11:00 — Remarks by County Superintendent.
Organization.
Appointment of committees.
11:00 to 11:15— Calling roll.
Reporting absentees.
11:15 to 12:00 — Address, Dr. Poland, State Superintendent.
Address, "A scheme of education," Dr. Green, Principal
State Normal School.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
Primary Department.
2:00 to 2:30 — Reading, Superintendent Edson.
2:35 to 2:50 — Class exercise, Spelling by sound, Miss Phillips.
2:55 to 3:25 — Reading, Superintendent Edson.
3:30 to 3:45— Clay-modeling, Miss Ella Crisman.
3:50 to 4:05 — Class exercise, Music, Miss Jennie V. Willis.
4:10 to 4:45 — Geography, Superintendent Edson.
Grammar and High School Department.
2:00 to 2:30— Writing, Mary L. Lahue.
2:35 to 2:50 — Class exercise, Combination map-drawing, geograpiiy and
history, Miss Ella Davis.
2:55 to 3:25 — Combined geography and history. Superintendent Maxson.
3:30 to 3:45 — Class exercise, Music, Mrs. Mary K. Jordon.
4:10 to 4:45 — Arithmetic, Superintendent Maxson.
EVENING SESSION.
8 o'clock.
Music -.. Mandolin Club.
Paper — " Middlesex county school exhibit at the Columbian Exposi-
tion " Mrs. Mary L. Lahue.
Music Mandolin Club.
Address — "Qualifications and characteristics of good teachers "
Superintendent A. W. Edson^
WEDNESDAY — MORNING SESSION.
9:00 to 9:25 — Opening exercises.
Calling roll.
9:25 to 9:45— Address, " My pupils and I," Prof. G. G. Ryan.
MIDDLESEX COUNTY— Continued. 39
Primary Department.
9:50 to 10:20— Busy work, Superintendent Maxson.
10:25 to 10:40 — Class exercise, Number work, Miss Elizabeth Stanger.
10:45 to 11:15 — Address, "Topical teaching," Superintendent Edson.
11:20 to 12:00— Number work, and Principles of arithmetic, Superin-
tendent Maxson.
Grammar and High School Department.
9:50 to 10:20 — Reading, Superintendent Edson.
10:25 to 10:40 — Class exercise, Arithmetic, A. T. S. Clark.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
2:00 to 2:15— Calling roll.
2:15 to 2:35 — "The teaching of manners and morals in schools," Super-
intendent Edson.
2:35 to 3:00 — " The teacher and the high school graduate," Superin-
tendent Maxson.
Report of committees, respectively, on primary, grammar and high
school work.
Questions from the " Question Box " answered by committee.
The question whether or not it is practical and desirable to conduct
a county teachers' institute of two days' duration, with departmental
work, has been satisfactorily answered in this county by the unusual
interest manifested in and the good results accomplished at our last
institute. All the teachers of the county were present, and gratifying
expressions were heard on every hand.
Conclusion. — In conclusion, I consider it my duty to express a
word in appreciation of the faithful school work done by so many of
the school trustees of this county who have now no official relation
with such schools.
A large number of these men have rendered long and valuable
services to the districts in which they live and to the county super-
intendent in gathering facts for reports, receiving little or no compen-
sation whatever.
Many districts owe a debt of gratitude to these generous and enter-
prising gentlemen.
40 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
MONMOUTH COUNTY.
John Enright, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — I have the honor of presenting herewith my first annual
report of the condition of the schools of Monmouth county. My
appointment having been made on the nineteenth day of January,
1894, my supervision of the schools of the county has been but little
over one-half year. I therefore cannot speak with that fullness as
to the complete work of the year that I would like.
It seems only just to the memory of an able educator that it should
be recorded here that the schools of Monmouth county came to my
hands in a thoroughly organized and healthy condition. My prede-
cessor, Dr. Samuel Lock wood, had been for twenty-seven years the
honored and respected superintendent of schools for Monmouth
county. During this time he had won by his rare scholarship, his
gentle and refined manners, his noble manhood and his intense
earnestness in educational concerns, the respect of the people of his
county. His culture, his habits as a student and his unswerving
honesty made him an ideal leader in education. Coming to his work
in the early days when only confusion obtained, he wrought hard,
and brought out a thorough system of schools. The pioneer work
required not only thorough knowledge of educational plans and
methods, but also rare tact in adjusting the new order of things. To
placate the discordant elements, to vanquish the unreasonable and to
enlist the interest of the influential was a task for which he was pre-
eminently fitted. In all this he was successful, and his was the
privilege and pleasure of seeing an educational growth in his quarter
of a century of service such as is vouchsafed to the few. On the
ninth day of January, 1894, as he was nearing his seventy-fifth
birthday, his spirit left the frail body and took its flight. Devoted
friends came from all over the county and even from distant parts of
the State to pay the last tribute of respect to the memory of an
exalted character. Surely it is an honor to follow in the footsteps of
such an one.
Progress — The year just closed shows in the statistical tables a
Hotable advance. A larger total attendance, evenjbeyond the growth
MONMOUTH COUNTY. 41
of the school census, may be noted. The total attendance is 658 in
excess of the year previous, while the excess in the school census is
only 332. The average attendance also exceeds by 773 the year pre-
vious. It is noticeable that the percentage of attendance on the
enrollment has advanced about 8^ per cent. There is also a decrease
in tardiness of 2,783. These figures would indicate that increased
facilities in education bring a better school attendance. Indeed it is
directly noticeable that every effort at providing a better accommoda-
tion and equipment in schools brings with it a response in larger
attendance and greater desire for education. In this direction there
is still much to be done.
Material Growth — Asbury Park has voted to bond the district for
$65,000 for the purpose of building a high school. At this writing
the new building is being started. When finished this structure will
be as complete in all its appointments as modern skill can make it.
There will be few buildings, if any, in the State to surpass it.
The Highlands school building has undergone a complete remodel-
ing. A second story was added to the old building and a steam-
heating apparatus put in at a total cost of $4,200. It now makes a
very pretty and commodious structure.
Considerable expense was put upon the Belmar building. New
steam-heating apparatus and other interior improvements were made.
This is one of the rapidly-growing schools along the Monmouth coast.
Teachers^ Salaries — There has been a slight falling off in the sal-
aries paid per month to teachers. Males received an average of
$65.63, and females $40.78. This is 42 cents less than last year for
males and $1.60 less for females. The reduction was caused by a
smaller apportionment of moneys from the State.
Itineracy. — It is very gratifying to nota the improvement that the
figures show in respect of teachers changing places, although it is
still bad enough. Out of the 260 teachers in the county, 65 of them
were new in their positions this year. This is exactly 25 per cent.
The previous year, out of 258 teachers, 81 of them, or 31.4 per cent.,
were new in their positions. Of the 65 teachers new in their posi-
tions during the year, 37 were beginners and 28 had previous experi-
ence. In the year previous, out of the 81 teachers new in their posi-
tions, 36 were beginners and 45 had had previous experience. It
will be noticed that the number of new recruits for each of the two
years is practically the same, while the number of changes among
experienced teachers is reduced from 45 to 28. This is in my judg-
ment a very notable improvement. The tenure of place has been so
short in many instances that but little of the character or force of a
teacher could be stamped on the school or the community where she
taught. Anything that would go to improve the tendency to change
among teachers would greatly advance the interests of the schools.
The above figures also show that the average life of the teachers in
Monmouth county is a little less than 8 years. It is a very simple
42 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
proposition, " If 36 new teachers come in each year, how many years
■will it take to have 260 new ones ? " That the above showing is to
he regretted all will acknowledge, but what shall be the remedy is
not so easy to suggest. If we had lees of the amateur and more of
the professional, matters would be greatly mended. Then, too, if
tenure of place were made more certain, by preventing dismissals
without cause, there would be a great many less changes.
Teachers^ Institute. — The county institute was held at Freehold
during Thanksgiving week. The attendance was good and the
instruction was above the usual. It was the general verdict that it
was the best institute that had been held in Monmouth county in a
long while. The late county superintendent presided, although it
was apparent to all that he was undergoing great physical suffering.
It was the last time that he appeared in public.
Award of Merit. — It will be gratifying to all those that worked to
make the Chicago exhibit a success for Monmouth county to learn
that we won a medal and diploma for "superior grade of work in the
rural and village schools, indicating excellent instruction and good
system." Surely we have a right to rejoice in our success.
School Libraries. — Is is doubtful if school libraries are working
the good that they may, or the good that their projectors expected of
them. There are two reasons for this. In the first place, school
libraries are rarely selected with an eye to the fitness of things ; the
books that are praised in the works on literature are rarely appre-
ciated by the average school boy and girl, hence it is that a great
many of the standard books remain only ornaments to the book-
shelves. The principal object in the maintenance of a school library
is that it may furnish entertaining and, at the same time, wholesome
reading, hence books should be selected that contain attractive read-
ing. The aim, at least at first, should not be to instruct but to
entertain, and books should be chosen with that end in view largely,
otherwise the school library will be much admired but little read.
In the second place, books should be talked about by the teacher,
and an interest excited in the library. Here again comes in the indi-
viduality of the teacher. If she is a reader, then the pupils will
soon become inoculated. The first aim is to cultivate the reading
habit ; it will increase and gradually crave better things. I do not
mean that there should not be classical reading in the library, but I
mean that it should not crowd out the other. The classical literature
is well enough to grow to, but it is so ill-fitting a boy of average
ability that he has little interest in it. The average library as now
made up is not rich in results, not because it is a library, but because
it is not an interesting one.
Arbor Day. — This day was in one way and another generally
observed. Wot always by tree-planting, but by exercises bearing on
animate nature. The reports received showed that trees had been
planted, yards shaped up and flower beds made.
MORRIS COUNTY. 4a
The Township Laiv. — As the year closes the subject of discussion is
the new Township law. Opinions differ largely as to its merits. As
a rule, there is much unfavorable criticism from the unthinking. But
those whose fairness permits them to look on all sides are willing to
admit that there are many advantages in the new law. The sensational
newspaper articles in regard to the Narcotic and Free Text- book laws
prejudiced many, and led them to confound these and the Township
act. The cost of free text-books, including physiologies, was greatly
exaggerated. This led in many instances to the condemnation of the
whole Township law. Like a new garment, it was severely searched
for flaws, and they were of course found. In the first flush of so
radical a change the good points in the law were lost sight of, but as
the clouds rolled by these appeared, and are beginning to be acknowl-
edged. I have no doubt that when the advantages are seen in the
practical workings of the law that there will be a general and hearty
acquiescence.
It is my belief when the new law gets working the opportunities
for an improvement of the gchools will be so manifest that there will
be a rapid start upward.
MORRIS COUNTY.
Martin Luther Cox, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — I herewith most respectfully submit my annual report of the
condition of the public schools of Morris county for the year ending
June 30th, 1894.
The following is a statement of the whole number of children and
the apportionment of school moneys for the year beginning July 1st,
1893:
Number of children of school age (census of 1892).... 13,895-
Amount apportioned from State school tax $66,936 63
Amount apportioned from $100,000 fund 3,428 99
Amount apportioned from surplus revenue 3,597 04
Total amount of all public school moneys received
from the State $73,962 66^
44 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Number of districts receiving $275 each 20
Number of districts receiving $375 each 48
Number of per capita districts 39
Total number of districts (including cities) 107
Number of children in |275 districts 586
Number of children in $375 districts 2,795
Number of children in per capita districts 10,514
School-Houses. — No new school-houses have been erected during
the year, but several have been enlarged, repaired and improved.
The school-houses of the county are in excellent condition with but
few exceptions, and we think the local sentiment of these places will
cause to be erected in a short time new and modern buildings to
replace those that have outlived their usefulness.
The trustees of several districts reseated their buildings during the
year with furniture of modern style. The number of those who
still cling to the uncomfortable seats placed in their buildings two
decades ago is y€arly growing smaller, and we hope will soon dis-
appear.
School Accounts. — The district clerks have been painstaking in
making out their reports and prompt in sending them to me. In
many instances they have compared them with the township col-
lector of their respective townships before sending them to me, thus
insuring accuracy of statement. Our county collector, Hon. George
McCracken, and the several township collectors have been prompt
and obliging in their duties in connection with my office. The
teachers also were very prompt in sending the reports for their
respective schools to me at the close of the year, and in this way have
saved me considerable annoyance in making out my annual report.
Saturday Class. — In October, 1893, through the courtesy of the
board of education of Dover, I was able to invite the teachers of the
county to meet me at the Dover high school building to arrange a
class for professional improvement. The class met Saturday after-
noons and held sixteen sessions during the year, at which there was
an average attendance of nearly fifty teachers, many of whom trav-
eled a distance of forty miles in coming to and returning from the
class. A carefully- prepared programme was carried out at each ses-
sion of the class. Work was assigned to the members of the class at
•each meeting to be completed before the next meeting, when lectures
were given on the subjects and the methods of presenting them to the
pupil. In this work I was greatly aided by Principals Hulsart, Pot-
ter, Kiser, Force and others. The work done in the class has resulted
in improved methods of instruction in some of our rural schools, and
in higher qualifications on the part of the teachers attending the class.
And last, but by no means least, the encouragement received and the
-enthusiasm awakened at these meetings have done much to brighten
the year's work in our school- rooms.
MORRIS COUNTY— CoNTiKuzr. 45
Pedagogical Library. — During the year, an increasing interest ha&
been manifested in the teachers' library. A large number of book&
have been taken out and read by our teachers, which can but result
in benefit to both teacher and school. Mr. E. D. Brinkerhoff, one
of our teachers, made a donation of forty valuable volumes of
educational works to the library and thus increased its efficiency.
Teachers' Institute. — The annual teachers' institute for Morris
county was held in the Dover high school building, December 21st and
22d. There was a large attendance of the 197 teachers who were in
our schools during the year. The exercises were exceedingly interest-
ing and practical throughout. State Superintendent Poland and Prin-
cipal J. M. Green of the State Normal School, were both present and
addressed the institute. Their timely words were listened to with
pleasure and profit and awakened a new interest in advanced methods
of organization and instruction. Perhaps no words fell more accept-
ably upon the ears of our teachers than those of our friend, S. R.
Morse, as he told the teachers of the high rank the schools of New
Jersey took at the World's Columbian Exposition. Those who were
fortunate enough to reach Chicago know how much of this celebrity
was due to Mr. Morse, whose ingenious methods of display and
arrangement added much to the popularity of New Jersey's school
exhibit. His kind and courteous treatment will not be soon forgotten-
by the teachers of New Jersey who visited him at the Fair.
County Association. — The annual meeting of the Morris county
teachers' association was held in Dover, May 26th. The estimated
attendance was one hundred and fifty persons, which is the largest
attendance present for several years. An excellent programme had
been arranged and was ably carried out by the president of the asso-
ciation. Superintendent L. J. Whitney, of Boonton. Principal W.
B. Matthews, of Madison, was elected president of the association for
the ensuing year.
Arbor Day, — Arbor day was very generally observed throughout
the county. The excellent programme of Superintendent Terhune,
of Bergen county, was sent by me to each teacher who reported the
work done, from which I learned that not only were a large number
of trees planted, but the grounds of the schools had been cleared of
rubbish and had been decorated with flower beds. I requested the
teachers to allow the pupils to make a collection of the buds of the
different shrubs and trees of the respective school districts and display
them on the walls of the school-rooms. The very excellent manner
in which these collections were made and displayed speaks eloquently
of the intelligence and enthusiasm of our teachers. Sand and clay
were collected in the different districts and sent to my office. Com-
positions were written on some subject relative to Arbor day and sent
to me. Many of the compositions were of exceptional merit, and
indicate an increasing ability among our pupils of using choice-
English.
46 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
National Educational Association. — Nothing indicates better zeal
for professional ituprovemeut among our teachers than the fact that
sixty-two of them enrolled themselves as members of the N. E. A.,
and that several more attended the meetings at Asbury Park and
enrolled there.
Township Law. — The Township law is now in operation in this
county, and is gaining friends as its benefits become apparent. Very
many schools that have been without suitable books in sufficient
quantities now are provided with excellent books. The supervising
principals, which some township boards have wisely put at the head
of the schools under them, report to me that some children who have
not attended school in the past for want of books are now regular in
their attendance at school. Teachers report that the books furnished
by the board being uniform have reduced the number of recitations.
The privilege of sending the advanced pupils to the township high
school has afforded to many boys and girls advantages not to be had
in the ordinary ungraded school.
The results of the law that may be safely predicted at this time
are that greater care will be exercised in the selection of teachers, and
they will remain for longer periods of time in the schools. Each
board, having several schools under its care, will be anxious to make
them all as good as their best one, and so the standard of teaching
will be raised through public sentiment.
Examinations for Teachers' Certifioates. — Three examinations have
been held for the purpose of examining candidates for certificates to
teach. A large number of candidates were examined, many of whom
failed to receive the required averages. Of the number who were
successful, many received either second or first grade certificates,
while the number of third grade certificates issued is comparatively
small. Superintendent W. L. R. Haven, Professor J. H. Hulsart
and Principal A. W. Kiser are members of the board of examiners.
Visitation of Schools. — During the year I made 401 official visits
to the schools of Morris county. I directed my attention to the un-
graded schools rather than to the graded schools. We have at the head
of our graded schools gentlemen of intelligence and experience who
are working for the advancement of their schools and accomplishing
much for the cause of education in their districts ; but in the un-
graded district school, where the teacher is often young and inexperi-
enced, the county superintendent can render aid that is frequently
sadly needed. I have noticed among school boards a growing ten-
dency to employ experienced or trained teachers when they can be
secured. This I am sure will result in advantage to the schools and
in a longer tenure of office for the teacher.
Mt. Arlington. — One new school has been added to the county dur-
ing the past year. At Mt. Arlington, through the generosity of Hon.
H. P. Frothingham, mayor of the borough, and others, a beautiful
room of the town hall was fitted up for school purposes with single
OCEAN COUNTY. 47
desks, maps, blackboards and other apparatus, and Miss Geneva
Prudden was installed as teacher. All these expenses were met by a
fund subscribed for the purpose by the generous people of Mt.
Arlington. Everything has been done well. School was kept open
ten months, free books were provided, and all was done by the board
that could be done to secure the best welfare of the children. A
school library has been provided, $71 having been raised through the
efforts of Miss Prudden. Much credit is due to the old board of
trustees, composed of Messrs. Frothingham, Totten and Cook, and to
the teacher. Miss Prudden, for their labors in making this a model
district school.
Summary of Report. — We find much in the annual report that
should encourage us, although there is much that still remains to be
done.
1892-3. 1893-1.
Number of months the schools were kept
open 9.45 9.48
Number of children of school age enrolled, 9,375 9,935
Average daily attendance 5,383 5,938
Number enrolled in high school grade 291 377
Number male teachers employed 46 51
Number female teachers employed 146 146
Total number teachers employed 192 197
Amount expended for teachers' salaries $89,293 40 $92,261 88
Conclusion. — In conclusion, I desire to express my appreciation and
thanks for the hearty co-operation and assistance that I have received
from the teachers and school officers during the year, and for the very
courteous treatment I have received from them in the discharge of
my official duties.
OCEAN COUNTY.
E. M. LoNAN, County Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — In obedience to law, I have the honor to make the follow-
ing report :
The neglect of the district clerks of the old boards has had a
tendency to retard my getting up my report in time. They seemed
48 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
to think they had nothing more to do. Many minor improvements
have been made to many of the school buildings, and, with but one
or two exceptions, our school-houses are in good condition. The
citizens of Lakewood deserve great credit for building up a high
school department that will be an honor to this thriving and pro-
gressive metropolis of the Pines. Owing to the rapid increase in
population, it has been obliged to enlarge its magnificent building,
and eight teachers are now employed. I have been obliged to alter
the boundary lines in two districts during the past year, in order that
pupils may attend the schools nearest to them. Some new districts
are very much needed in our shore resorts, and it is only a question
of time when each seaside resort will be able to boast of facilities for
educating its children without sending them from three to eight miles
across the bay in order to attend school. The union institute of
Ocean and Burlington, held at Mount Holly, was a very pleasant
occasion for our teachers to renew and make acquaintances.
Our teachers surely appreciated the efforts of the State Department
to prepare an intellectual entertainment for them, and they returned
to their work much improved in mind and body. We had lots of
good talent, but my old friend Houck, Deputy State Superintendent
of Pennsylvania, fairly surpassed himself.
Owing to the absence of disease and epidemics, the schools in general
had a regular and unusually good attendance. Arbor day was observed
throughout the county by all the schools, and the programme issued
from my office was followed by all the principals and teachers, many
of them sending to this office elaborate reports of the trees planted,.
&c. We begin to see signs of the great good that is to accrue to our
schools from that long-needed blessing, free text- books, and it will
certainly give us an increased attendance another year. Some-
what of friction has been caused by the radical change from the dis-
trict to township system, but I doubt not, when the people get
accustomed to the workings of the new system, they will find in it
many points of excellence. Some of our people speak very highly
of the new system, while some of our citizens feel that the transition
was too abrupt, and that we should have had a year or so to accom-
modate ourselves to the new conditions, and to make our voters and
parents acquainted with the practical workings of the law. We feel
that this new system will be a great improvement upon the former
one, in that we shall have a more unified management of schools. I
shall watch the workings of the new system with a great deal of
interest, and with the hope it may meet with the success that has
characterized its adoption in other States. Examinations of applicants
for teachers' licenses have been held in conformity with the order of
the State Board of Education. The attendance has been very large,
but owing to the rigid preparation required, the number of failures
has been considerable. Professional teachers have been much stimu-
lated by the new adoptions in examinations.
OCEAN COUNTY— Continued. 49
The standard of teachers' examinations, which, under your adminis-
tration has been raised is, none too high. Our teachers have cheer-
fully worked to pass their examinations and a few of them have
had their eyes longingly turned to the normal school, but the expense
was too much for some of them.
Our native teachers have felt the need of a more scientific study
of educational methods and have sought by the purchase and study
of educational books and papers, a more intimate acquaintance with
educational methods. Their methods of self- improvement have not
been confined to purely professional study. Thtir success in examina-
tions has been such as could only be secured by a faithful study of
the branches required for teachers. Of the teachers employed from
abroad, I am able to say that their work has given entire satis-
faction to the trustees and other school officers. The teachers' asso-
ciation has been organized and the various principals have held'
teachers' meetings for mutual consultation and improvement. Take
my teachers as a body I think they will compare favorably with any
other corps in the State.
Again let me allude to the new School law. Free books are a
great boon to the poor of our isolated districts. They have suffered
for years for the want of books, I have known people too proud tO'
let their wants be known, that could not send their children to school
for the want of money to buy books. To such free books are a great
blessing. I feel that it will require a large share of tact, caution and
judgment on the part of our boards of education to accustom the
voters and taxpayers to the increased burden of taxation. In fact I
feel that it will be a hard burden upon some of our poorer communi-
ties, for, as you well know. Ocean is a poor county from a financial
point of view.
There is no change in my examiners. I am still ably assisted by
Prof. F. A. North, principal of the high school at this place ; also
by Mr. Peter Tilton, whose services are invaluable to me.
I wish here to express my sense of great obligations to you and
also to Assistant Superintendent Betts for helpful advice and patient
consideration. Again, I cannot close this report without congratu-
lating you upon the splendid era of educational development and
progress that has been inaugurated by you in this State.
50 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
PASSAIC COUNTY.
Alexander Elliott, Jr., Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — In connection with my statistical report, which I herewith
transmit you, I beg to make the following remarks upon the progress
made during the school year ending June 30th, 1894 :
The teachers' examinations were held on the days set apart by
the State Board. There were fifty applicants for the entire year,
of whom thirty-eight were rejected and twelve obtained certificates.
The examiners are very just in the marking of papers, and we are
thereby made certain of the general proficiency of those who success-
fully pass the examinations.
The schools are now in every instance in good condition. Several
new school-houses are in course of construction, and one at Haledon
village will be a model of modern school architecture. It will cost
when completed $15,000, and will consist of eight large and well-
equipped class-rooms, together with two teachers' rooms, all of which
will be ventilated and heated by the latest and most approved
apparatus. This echool was obtained in spite of the objections of a
class of people who professed to resent any attempt at increasing the
taxation in the village of Haledon, but although the proposition of
building a new school -house was voted down last year, it was again
revived, as I foretold in my last report, and better counsels prevail-
ing, the trustees were authorized to bond the district in the sum of
$15,000 in order to build a school equal to the wants long felt by the
residents.
Apshawa, also, a district formed last September, now possesses a
school-house of modern type, able to accommodate about one hundred
children, and excellently fitted throughout. The people of this dis-
trict deserve commendation for their efforts, directed by Mr. George
E. Gormley, which resulted in supplying a long-felt want to the
neighborhood.
A new school is also being erected at Pompton Church, which will
compare favorably with the best country schools. When completed
its cost will be $4,000. At North Paterson there is a project on foot
to erect a school- house, which, I trust, will result successfully within
a short period.
PASSAIC COUNTY. 51
I am glad to testify to the general excellence prevailing in the con-
"dition of school-houses, inasmuch as they are valuable aids to the
teacher, especially so when they are properly fitted, as the majority of
them are, with proper apparatus for illustrating the subjects taught,
and are supplied with good working libraries, replete with the best
books of reference. But all these would be of little value if the
schools were unsupplied with good teachers.
I have had frequent opportunity to observe the advance made by
pupils when under the instruction of an unquestionably good teacher,
and have endeavored to impress upon those who are lacking the neces-
sity of improving their methods in order to effect better results. The
graduates of the State Normal School are, as a general rule, excellent
in regard to methods, which, in fact, are indispensable to good teach-
ing. In consequence, they are in demand, not only in this, but in
other States, and although I have placed every opportunity at their
disposal for securing good schools in this county, I have learned that
a number of them rejected the offers made by school trustees, not
deeming the salary sufficient. This objection, I trust, will be totally
overcome under the new law, and I believe I shall shortly see realized
what I have been for three years endeavoring to bring about, viz.,
good salaries, for without this almost indispensable condition it is
fuext to impossible to obtain well-trained and experienced teachers.
Arbor day was celebrated enthusiastically throughout the county,
there being in no instance any failure so to do. In the reports I have
received there is an indication that promises well for the future. This
day has become an established custom, and will continue to increase
in popularity. That the institution is a good one, few will deny ;
but more determined efforts should be made to enlighten everyone as
to its true character and grave significance. In the country, where
they abound, trees are not looked upon with the same respect and
veneration as they are in cities, and it is owing in a great measure to
the efforts of teachers that the day is so generally and successfully
celebrated there.
The teachers' institute, which occurred in December, was well rep-
resented, in spite of the unfavorable weather which prevailed, by
the teachers from the county, as well as from the cities of Paterson
and Passaic. The lectures were attentively listened to, and, if the
conversation about them afterwards may be taken as any criterion,
they were also well appreciated.
Although coming within the province of the next report, I cannot
forbear testifying to the excellence of the new School law. Though
at first meeting with but little favor, it has now won the respect and
confidence of almost everyone. I am assured that the measure was
most opportune, and will effect a grand improvement in educational
affairs in the country schools of our State. The Text- book law has
proved of real merit. All the townships are falling into line, and
this year will see an end forever of a multiplicity of text-books.
62 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
which could not altogether be prevented when parents were com-
pelled to furnish them. As a beginning for the present school year
the new school legislation was indeed fortunate, and I am able to
foresee with much pleasure the rapid advance which it will prove the
means of effecting.
SALEM COUNTY.
Robert Gwynne, Jr., Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Sir — I send herewith the statistical reports for Salem county for
the past year. The schools opened promptly in September and, with
the exception of one incident, moved along through the year without
friction. At Elmer an unfortunate dispute regarding promotion of
pupils from the primary department led to differences between the
principal of the school, Miss Sallie Thompson, and the trustees..
The affair culminated in the discharge of Miss Thompson in Novem-
ber. She appealed to the county superintendent, who promptly
notified both parties in interest to put their statements in writing, and*
on these statements decided that Miss Thompson had been discharged
without sufficient cause. The case was further appealed to the State
Superintendent, who also decided that the discharge had not been
warranted according to the evidence submitted. The matter is now
in the hands of attorneys for settlement.
All school property has been kept in good repair. District No. 45>'
opened the addition to its house built the previous summer, and
installed a third teacher, giving needed accommodation to a number
of children. District No. 9 furnished its school-room with modern
furniture. District No. 67 erected a belfry on its building and put a
large bell therein. District No. 71 made substantial repairs to its
building. A teachers' institute was held on December 6th, 7th and
8th, and was faithfully attended by the teachers. The instruction was
excellent. Mention must particularly be made of the addresses of
Dr. E. H. Cook and Superintendent G. C. Ryan, for their thought
and for the evident benefit the teachers received from them. The
practical work of Miss Fogle, of the Normal School, and Miss Eliza
E. Jaquett, of Salem, on penmanship, met every expectation. I
have been gratified to note in my visits to the schools that the
SALEM COUNTY. 53
instruction of these two ladies has been put to practical application.
These institutes but impress further on us the necessity of something
more in the same line. I believe that training schools could be
established in our counties, say for six weeks in each summer, sup-
ported in part by the State and in part by the tuition fees of those
who aspire to be teachers. These aspirants even now spend much
money preparing, not for teaching, but to pass the examinations. I
am sure that they would willingly pay the same money to get
■instruction that would not only help them in securing their certificates,
but that would also help them greatly in their teaching after they had
secured a school. These schools could be put in charge of normal
graduates and the course of study could be prepared by the principal
of the State Normal School. They could be placed under the super-
vision of inspectors appointed by the State Superintendent or the
State Board of Education. The work would vastly increase the
value of our teaching force; it would give necessary pedagogical
instruction to many deserving aspirants as teachers whose means do
not permit them to attend the State Normal School or to hope ever
to be able to do so, and it would be a feeder to our Normal School
itself, for it would stimulate many to desire to still further improve
and to seek instruction beyond what these schools could possibly give.
Arbor day was duly celebrated. We used the excellent programme
prepared by Supt. Terhune, of Bergen. Sixty- five schools reported
that exercises had been held. One hundred and eight trees were
planted, and 1,344 reported now growing on the school grounds.
The trees were dedicated, in some instances, to Washington, Cleveland,
Harrison, Columbus, Secretary Morton, Louisa M. Alcott, Alice
•Cary, Longfellow, Supt. Poland, the county superintendent ; a num-
ber of teachers and local dignitaries being honored in the dedications.
Eight hundred and forty- five persons were present at these exercises,
and thirty- five teachers report that the trustees of their schools were
interested in the observance of the day.
In March and in May our annual school examinations were held.
The pupils of sixty schools participated, and 626 certificates and seals
were granted. The questions were made so as to test the quality of
the teaching, and in nearly every instance it was noted that the in-
structions given at the institute had been liberally followed. An
event of more than usual importance was the examination in the
school at Woodstown. There a high-school grade had been estab-
lished, and the examination proved that superb work had been done
by the school under Miss Emily Sayre as principal. Two pupils
were graduated in the high- school grade, the commencement exercises
being witnessed by friends of the graduates and the school in such
number that the local hall was packed. Woodstown possesses a corps
of teachers alive to every possibility in school work. The primary
work, under Miss Annie Bradway, is especially to be commended.
It wag this department that sent in such meritorious work for our
54 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Columbian exhibit. The new School law necessitated the retirement
of Mr. George M. Andrews, for many years a trustee and district
clerk. The schools of our county have thus lost a most efficient
officer. He brought to his duties intelligence of a high order and a
rare conscientiousness, seeking always to elevate the standard of public
school work. He was public-spirited and unselfish, so that his effiarts
were not confined to his own neighborhood, but his advice and the-
benefit of his experience were given freely to all, and schools in all
parts of the county were the gainers.
Teachers' examinations were held on the appointed days and the
results reported to you. No candidates for the Agricultural College
scholarship appeared, though the examination was advertised in our
county papers. I would earnestly advise that the regulation allowing^
the granting of provisional certificates be abolished, or, at least,,
amended so that no provisional certificate be granted between the first
of May and the first of November in each year. Those wishing to-
be teachers and desiring to secure schools, can attend the May exam-
ination, and should be compelled to do so. Trustees do not live up-
to the law requiring applicants to have certificates and very often
select as teachers those who have never attended an examination.
These teachers must be given permits in order that their schools can
be opened in September. They attend the October examination and,,
if they fail, the cause of their failure is laid at the door of the super-
intendent. If they are compelled to give up their schools it is due to
the cruelty of the superintendent, not to their own deficiency. The
regulation regarding the value of a certificate in any other county
than the one in which it is issued should also be made perfectly clear
and all superintendents be compelled to live up to it.
SOMERSET COUNTY.
John L. Anderson, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Sir — I have the honor herewith to submit my first annual report
of the condition of the public schools of Somerset county.
The statistics, compared with those of last year, show a slight
decrease in teachers' salaries, and in the time the schools have been
kept open. These slight retrogressions were due to the scarcity ot
SOMERSET COUNTY. 55
teachers at the beginning of the year, thereby making it impossible to
open some of the schools until after the teachers' examinations in
October, when a number of young teachers were secured who were
willing to teach at salaries less than their predecessors had received.
It is gratifying to be able to state that, almost without exception,
they have developed into conscientious, competent and successful
instructors.
With the two exceptions above noted, the statistical comparison
shows healthy progress. There has been a marked improvement in
the attendance, the cases of tardiness have diminished, while the
number of children neither absent nor tardy during the year has
nearly doubled.
Unimportant repairs and improvements to school buildings have
been general throughout the county. The school-house of District
No. 34 was burned to the ground in the early winter, but was
immediately replaced by the people of the district, the school con-
tinuing without interruption, in the meanwhile, in a rented building.
District No. 38 built a handsome addition to its school-house at a
cost of about $16,000. Improvements aggregating $11,000 are in
progress in District No. 28.
The teachers' institute was held in the Somerville public school
building. Thanksgiving week, and nearly every teacher was present.
I have no way of comparing this with former institutes, but I know
the result of this was of great value to myself, the teachers andy
ultimately, to the children. The suggestions and ideas dropped by
the experienced educators who participated were carried home to the
schools of the county, and their practical value demonstrated.
Arbor day was a red-letter day in our schools. Nearly every
school reported special exercises of some variety. A summary of
the manual results shows a total of 218 trees planted and 55 flower
beds made, with a grand total of more than 1,700 trees now growing
on the 72 school grounds in the county. The excellent programme
prepared by Superintendent Terhune was placed in the hands of each
teacher, , and formed the basis of the exercises. The programme,
however, was modified to suit the individual circumstances and needs
of the different schools. In many of them the exercises were held in
the evening, and were made to net a considerable sum toward the
library fund ; in others, an afternoon exercise was supplemented by a
ramble in the fields and woods, and the children gives an object lesson
on the significance of the day. Trees were dedicated to Washington
(both George and Martha), Cleveland, Morton, Grant, Columbus,
Franklin, Jefferson, Webster, Lincoln, Jackson, Hamilton, Long-
fellow, Bryant, Tennyson, besides to the State and county superin-
tendents, local clergy, trustees, teachers and others. I mention this
as affording a possible index to the character of the exercises.
My efforts the past year have been directed principally toward
elevating the personnel of the teachers — mainly in the district schools
56 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
— and the instances are rare where improvement has not been noticed.
Teachers, like poets, are born not made ; hence, better results have
been attained with some than with others. Ideas have been gathered
from the institute, educational books and periodicals and other
sources, and, with the hearty co-operation of the teachers, they have
been profitably used throughout the county. We have no pedagogical
library, whose value would be seriously curtailed by the remoteness
of a large majority of the schools from any central point, still, peda-
gogical books have been extensively read by the teachers, and nearly
if not quite all are subscribers to and readers of educational
periodicals.
I have found a friendly spirit of rivalry among the teachers pro-
ductive of much good, and have attempted to foster such a sentiment.
A suggestion picked up in one school has been dropped, together
with a knowledge of its source, in another, and the outcome has been
highly satisfactory. One of the results of this is seen in the increased
efforts made by the teachers to improve the school libraries. Mainly
through their exertions there was raised last year a sum of $463.52
for library purposes. This is a gain of $239.34 over the previous year.
The sum of $210 was received from the State, as compared with $80
the year previous. Three of these schools received their first appro-
priation from the State.
This zeal to excel, and the local pride on the part of the tfachers
were shown in the spontaniety with which they responded to the ap-
peal for memberships to the National Educational Association ; and
their desire for improvement was apparent in their liberal attendance
at the association's meeting in Asbury Park.
My year's observation has taught me that nature needs to be very
prodigal in the construction of the ideal district school teacher. To
be successful she must please not only the children, but also the
parents and school officers. This requires, in addition to the necessary
mental attainments, an even temper, a cheerful disposition coupled
with unobjectionable firmness, an abundance of knack and a cheerful
willingness to act as janitrix — and all on an insignificant salary.
This combination of qualities is a difficult one to find, but I cannot
help thinking more teachers in this county approximate the standard
than can be found in any other part of the State.
The efficiency of the schools should and will be increased if the
township boards of education will co-operate in school visitation. In
one of the townships in the county the board holds its regular meet-
ings at the different school- houses during school hours. The teacher
thus knows that her work is brought in direct comparison with that
of the others in the township, and that the comparison is made by
those who have the appointing power and regulate the salaries. The
moral effect of such espionage must soon become apparent in increased
activity on the part of the teacher.
My aim will still continue to be to elevate the standard of the
SUSSEX COUNTY. 57
schools through the teachers. I also think our duty to the children
has not been fully rendered until a high school shall be established in
each township. This is now practicable, and I shall use my best
endeavors to mould public sentiment until it shall be demanded by
ithe people.
SUSSEX COUNTY.
Luther Hill, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — The statistical tables of my annual report for the school year
ending June 30th, 1894, will show that we have gained over the pre-
vious year in the number of children enrolled, in the average attend-
ance, in the time the schools were kept open, and have made a very
material advance in salaries, both to male and female teachers. There
is a fractional increase of one-tenth in tardiness.
Finances. — We find to our credit balances remaining in the hands
of the collectors to the amount of $6,378. These balances have
arisen chiefly from township tax, and will enable the new boards of
trustees to meet a part of the extra demands made necessary by recent
changes in the School law. In add'tioa to the State funds for the
school year beginning July Ist, 1894, there has been voted $6,050
township tax and $18,350 district tax, to which will be added, by
request of the township boards of education, several appropriations
for free text- books and current expenses.
Adjustment of Accounts. — The usual trouble and confusion in the
^adjustment of accounts incident to a change of collectors in March —
in the midst of the school year — and the consequent delays and dis-
crepancies in the financial reports, have been most annoying. The
new act, so urgently demanded and so long delayed, extending the
time of settlement with outgoing collectors till the end of the school
year, is confidently expected to remedy this evil.
Teachers' Examinations. — The several teachers' examinations have
been regularly held, with A. B. Cope, A.M., Prof. J. D. Reynolds
and Dr. Charles J. Majory as examiners, and have resulted in the
issue of 11 first grade, 34 second grade and 62 third grade certifi-
<;ate8, and the rejection of 96 applications.
Free School Libraries. — One new school library has been estab-
58 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
lished, and eight others have made additions. I have spoken before-
of the unsatisfactory character of this feature of our school work. It
is most astonishing how soon neglect and a loss of interest follow the
creation of a library.
School Buildings. — Two new school-houses, one at Middleville and
one at Wallpack Center, have been completed and occupied during the
year. Four others have made substantial repairs and improvements.
The addition and improvements to the Newton public school
building, described particularly by Dr. Majory in last year's annual
report, were completed in the early part of the year. The building
and the school are justly entitled to be classed with the best in the
State. The principal has been the leading factor in securing these
important results, an exemplification of the maxim, "As is the teacher,,
so is the school."
Teachers' Institute. — Our annual institute was held at Newton^
December 21st and 22d, under an able corps of instructors.
Arbor Day. — This day was observed with appropriate exercises by
all the schools.
UNION COUNTY.
B. Holmes, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Sir — In compliance with the provisions of the School law, I respect-
fully submit the following brief report supplemental to the tabulated
statistics of the several cities and townships of Union county for the
school year ending June 30th, 1894.
School Property. — The changes already completed in the school
property of the county have not been unusual during the past year.
The previous year marked improvements were made in several school
buildings.
For the coming year action has been taken to make alterations and
additions to the school-house in District No. 1, Linden, and for the
purpose of remodeling and enlarging that of District No. 19, Sum-
mit. The latter district has already purchased land, prepared and
accepted plans for a thorough change in the present school property.
The contemplated improvements will place this district among the
first in the county for excellent school accommodations ; a fuller
UNION COUNTY. 5»'
statement concerning the same can be more appropriately made when
they are completed.
The school property of the county, as a whole, is in very good
condition, not a building being classed poor.
School Libraries. — The number of applications for aid to school
libraries has increased slightly over that of last year. The number
of books purchased or donated has aggregated nearly five hundred;;
the number taken out nearly ten thousand. One district yet remains
without a school library.
Teachers. — Seventy-five diiferent teachers have been employed in
the schools during the year — seventy in regular work and five in
special work. The number of changes from sickness and other causes
has been eight.
Thirty-two hold State certificates, eight of the first grade ; thirty-
eight county certificates, eighteen of the first grade ; and six special
certificates for kindergarten work, drawing, sewing, cooking and
music. Twenty-five are graduates of normal schools, four are gradu-
ates of colleges or universities, and seven are undergraduates of
higher institutions of learning.
The work performed has been generally satisfactory ; in many of
the schools it has been excellent.
It is with sincere regret that we are called on to record the loss
to the county of three of our leading principals.
Mr. T. J. Bisseli resigned from the Summit school early in the
year to engage in other business. Trustees and fellow- teachers regret
exceedingly the loss of his valuable services.
Mr. L. A. Goodenough, of Scotch Plains, after a successful career
of six years, has received an appointment in Jersey City. The many
changes and material progress in this school in the past five years are
worthy of more than passing note. From a poor building to one of
the best of its class in the county, if not in the State ; with its num-
ber of teachers and attendance of pupils nearly doubled, and the
cordial relations existing among trustees, principal, teachers and
pupils, this school has reached a position in which its friends may
take a just pride. While we shall feel keenly the loss of his cordial
friendship and professional ability, we sincerely wish him success in-
his new field of duty.
Mr. Geo. J. Vogel, of New Providence, has received an appoint-
ment in Essex county. Although serving but a few months as prin-
cipal in District No. 18, we all learned to admire his gentlemanly
manners and efficient work.
Examinations. — The regular examinations for teachers' certificates
have been held as directed by the rules of the State Board of Educa-
tion. The number of certificates granted was 61 — first grade, 15;;
second grade, 18; third grade, 25; special, 3; provisional, 27.
Number of candidates rejected, 6. In this work able assistance has-
m APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
been rendered by Mr. R. E. Clement, of Cranford, and Mr. R. How-
ell Tice, of Roselle, members of the county board of examiners.
Teachers' Institute. — The annual institute for the county was held
on the 24th and 25th of November, at Elizabeth. The attendance
was good, and the programme, of more than usual interest, was succees-
fully carried out ; all those taking part responding promptly.
The attention given to all the subjects presented was excellent and
the interest manifested commendable. It is to be hoped that our
schools have been correspondingly benefited.
Visitation and Examinations. — The visits and examinations of the
schools have been performed in accordance with the rules on the sub-
ject. From these visits it is gratifying to record the general good
order of the pupils and the earnest and faithful work of the teachers.
The fourteenth regular written examination of pupils who had
finished the studies in the different grades of the course of instruction
was held in June ; and as a result one hundred and ninety- four cer-
tificates were given to those completing the primary and grammar
course, and thirty-five diplomas awarded to those completing the
high school course. From comparison with the previous year's
record, it will be seen that seventy-eight more certificates and diplomas
were given this year than last, thus confirming the impressions received
from visits and examinations through the year.
Course of Instruction. — During the year the course of instruction,
which has been in use for several years with good results, has been
revised and re-arranged to conform to the outline suggested by the
Department of Public Instruction and the needs ot our growing
schools.
In this work many valuable suggestions from principals of the
larger schools have been of great help, and material aid and advice
from boards of trustees and others have been of the greatest service.
As a result of the joint work, a course of study has been agreed on
acceptable in its general features to every board of trustees in the
county, and adopted by township and district boards with a single
exception.
On taking the supervision of the county schools five years ago, I
found in use a course of study and a system of annual written exami-
nations, planned by my predecessor and adopted by the township boards
of trustees, which have been continued to the present time with great
benefit to schools of all grades. If this has been the result in the
general district system, to a much greater degree will it be useful in a
system where the district is enlarged to the township. If the pro-
spective benefits of a nearer approach to a graded system of instruction
under the new law is to be realized, the more closely a uniform course
of study is followed the quicker and better will the desired result be
reached. Children will often attend a primary school in one town-
ship and a grammar or high school in another, often as a matter of
convenience in distance. Besides, some of the smaller and sparsely-
WARREN COUNTY. 61
settled townships might find it advantageous to send pupils in the
higher grades to adjoining townships.
From every standpoint it seems plain that a uniform course of
study, adapted to the condition of our schools, and a written test of
proficiency of the highest classes in the several grades, is an important
factor in the improvement and efficiency of our county schools. In
this conclusion I am confirmed by the expressed opinion of trustees
and teachers with scarcely an exception.
Text-Books. — Under the general terms of the School law and the
more recent enactments on the subject, a list of text-books for use in
the schools has been unanimously adopted. While it secures a gen-
eral uniformity, there is ample latitude for the individual trustee or
teacher to make such selections as varying conditions may require.
From the foregoing outline of what has been done, and a careful
consideration of the past year's work, it seems apparent that much
has been accomplished and the outlook for the future encouraging.
This is largely due to the faithfulness of our teachers and the cordials
co-operation of school officers.
WARREN COUNTY.
R. S. Price, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent:
Sir — The statistical reports forwarded for the school year ending-
June 30th, 1894, so fully and accurately show the attendance during
the year, the condition of the finances and the items of general inter-
est that an extended written report would seem to be unnecessary. I
will, therefore, be brief in the statements I may here make.
Buildings. — For the first time during the thirteen years I have
served the county as superintendent I cannot report the erection of a
new building, but I am gratified to be able to state that there has
been general activity in repairing, cleaning and keeping the school
buildings in good, comfortable condition. A large majority of our
buildings are in excellent repair, having been newly erected or sub-
stantially repaired within the past few years ; there are, however, a
few not in satisfactory condition, and to all such I will call the atten-
tion of the township boards of education, hoping that all needed
improvements may be made without delay. i,™^
Arbor Day. — It has been our custom to observe Arbor day each year,^
62 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
in obedience to the Governor's proclamation, since the law requiring
its observance was passed in 1884, but the reports forwarded to me
•this year by the teachers show an increased interest on the part of the
people, and more extended programmes for public exercises prepared
and carried out by the schools than ever before. Literary exercises
of an appropriate character were held in all the schools but one, that
school being closed on account of illness of the teacher. In addition
to the exercises by the pupils, about thirty addresses were made by
ministers, school officers and others. About two hundred and thirty
trees were planted, and in many districts shrubbery and vines were
set out and flower beds made. The trees planted consisted of the
maple, cedar, walnut, birch, pine, elm, spruce, dogwood and other
varieties, and some of them were dedicated as follows : to George
Washington, Abraham Lincoln, U. S. Grant, James A. Garfield,
Thomas Jefferson, John Quincy Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Chris-
topher Columbus, William Cullen Bryant, Henry W. Longfellow,
William Penn, Henry Clay, Martha Washington, Alice and Phoebe
Cary, Henry M. Stanley, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Franklin,
•Governor Werts, Dr. A. B. Poland, State Superintendent ; Dr. J. M.
Green, John I. Blair, Hon S. Milton Wilson, Rev. C. E. Walton,
school trustees and to the county superintendent. Some were also
dedicated to " Our Country," " Our Union " and to " The Future
Boys and Girls of America." We cannot well estimate the extent of
this enterprise and its beneficial results to the country.
Institute. — Our annual institute was held at Washington, March
27th, 28th and 29th, and all but three of the teachers answered to
their names at roll-call. The three absent rendered satisfactory ex-
cuses. It is not necessary for me to take valuable space in the State
report by naming the instructors, and the subjects treated by them,
but only to mention that the institute was enthusiastic, and that the
teachers were greatly benefited and encouraged.
School Debt. — The school finances of the county, as you will ob-
serve by referring to our report now on file in your office, are in
excellent condition. There are but nine districts having interest-
bearing indebtedness, and the total indebtedness, not including Phil-
lipsburg, is only $24,704.41, and is divided as follows:
District No. 4, Springtown $117 00
District No. 10, Firths ; 500 00
District No. 10^, Furnace 2,600 00
District No. 31, Washington Borough 5,400 00
District No. 32, Oxford 66 00
District No. 41, Belvidere 11,000 00
District No. 48, Hackettstown 4,000 00
District No. 51, Danville 558 80
District No. 86, Hainesburg 462 61
WARREN COUNTY— Continued. 63
There was paid on the debt during the year $8,067.82, and quite
an amount of the balance has been provided for by appropriations
made but not yet collected. It will be observed that nearly one-half
of the above indebtedness is a debt of Belvidere, District No. 41,
where they erected, three years ago, a handsome building, and pro-
vided for the cost by annual payments. Believing a school debt to
be a source of annoyance, and sometimes a hindrance to success, I
always advise when lots are purchased, new buildings erected, or
debts of any considerable amount contracted, that the obligations be
met as soon as they can be, without causing an unnecessary burden
upon the people. Benjamin Franklin said that "the best investment
a man could make was to pay his debts." The saying is a true one,
and applies to a school district as well as to an individual. A debt
upon a school district, with the interest to be paid annually, is
regarded as a burden by the taxpayer, and often interferes with the
appropriation of money for current expenses.
Teachers' Examinations. — The following is a correct statement of
teachers' examinations held during the year :
Total number of applicants examined 194
First grade certificates granted to males 3
First grade certificates granted to females 17
Second grade certificates granted to males.. .., 5
Second grade certificates granted to females 28
Third grade certificates granted to males 13
Third grade certificates granted to females 48
Total number of certificates granted males 21
Total number of certificates granted females 93
Total number of certificates granted 114
Total number of applicents rejected 80
In conducting the examinations we have endeavored to enforce the
rules of the State Board of Education, and have issued certificates to
no applicants whom we did not know to be both competent and
worthy to receive them. I suggested in my written report of 1893
that it might be well to add more branches to the third grade certifi-
cate. Another year's experience has confirmed my opinion, and you
will permit me here to recommend that the third grade examination
be made to include U. 8. history, bookkeeping and physiology, and
that two days be allowed for the examination. In advocating the
•change I am fully convinced that our schools have advanced to that
position where they demand it, and I am sure that our brightest
young men and young women, such as possess mind, tact and ambi-
tion, natural qualifications of the successful teacher, will prove them-
selves equal to the requirements. It is far better to bring young
teachers up to a good standard, a high degree of proficiency, before
they are permitted to enter the profession, than to be compelled to
64 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
remove incompetent ones after they have entered, and much easier to
be done and more creditable to the profession. Some teachers may
possibly prefer to make special preparation for primary teaching, or
some other special line of school work, and to the granting of certifi-
cates for special work. I do not object, but such teachers should be
permitted to teach only in the departments for which they have been
instructed, and for which their certificates are granted. I hold that
by advancing the requirements of the certificate you protect the pro-
fession, and encourage those who enter it as a life work, and shut out
such as take it up as a stepping-stone to some other position. Let the
teacher enjoy the honorable distinction that the true nature of his
profession demands he should.
School Visits. — The schools were all visited twice or oftener, except
two or three, which were closed when I was visiting the schools in
the township in which they were located. Total number of visits
made during the year were two hundred and six. In these visits I
aimed to assist and encourage teachers and pupils, and when I found
schools or buildings in a condition requiring the assistance of the
members of the board of education I either saw them personally or
called their attention to the matter by letter.
School Law Amendments. — The amendments to the School law,
passed at the last session of the Legislature, are the most radical of
any passed since the free -school system was inaugurated in 1874, and
while they contain many wise and progressive provisions, they should
be thoroughly tested before they are strongly condemned or too highly
commended. The township system, placing all the schools of a
township under the control of a township board of education, will
undoubtedly prove advantageous to the weaker districts. The mem-
bers of the board having a mutual interest and equally responsible
for the condition of all the schools of their township will be likely
to distribute school privileges equally. The adoption of the free
text-book system is certainly a progressive step. The placing of free
text-books in the hands of poor boys and girls at the expense of the
State, giving them the same advantages enjoyed by the wealthy and
more Ibrtunate, is generous and humane, and will prove to be a credit
to the State as well as a blessing to those who have not the means
with which to purchase books. Teachers are often greatly hindered
in their class-room work because the pupils are not all provided with
the books necessary for the preparation of their lessons, but this
system will prevent that difficulty, and secure a uniform series of
books in every school.
The supplement to the School law, requiring special instruction in
all the schools supported by the State showing the evil effects of a1cho-
holic drinks and narcotics upon the human system, is well worthy of
a place upon our statute-books, and should be enforced in every school
in the State, but I think that the section requiring text- books treat-
ing upon the subject to be placed in the hands of primary pupils-
WARREN COUNTY— Continued. 65
should be modified. Any branch of study, suitable for children, that
will teach a child to take good care of his health, and to shun such
things as will be detrimental to it, can be profitably taught in every
school.
I will not attempt here to discuss further the merits or demerits of
the amendments to the School law, but can assure you that, as law-
abiding citizens, we will, in Warren county, endeavor to carry out its
provisions.
Having attempted faithfully to discharge the duties of my office,
and having enjoyed your hearty co-operation, as well as the support
of teachers and county school officers, I hope the schools of Warren
have kept pace with the progressive counties of the State.
REPORTS OF CITY SUPERINTENDENTS AND
SUPERVISING PRINCIPALS.
ASBURY PARK.
J. M. Ralston, Supervising Pbincipal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — In compliance with the request of County Superintendent
Enright, the following brief report of the condition of the schools of
Asbury Park and Ocean Grove for the school year 1893-1894 is
respectfully submitted :
School District No. 90|, Monmouth county, prior to July 1st,
1894, comprised a territory three and a half miles long and one and
one- half miles wide, and included the towns of Asbury Park, Ocean
Grove, West Asbury Park, Bradley Beach, and portions of Neptune
and Ocean townships.
Previous to the year 1893 the school buildings of this district
were not creditable to the progressive spirit which characterizes the
people of these localities. In 1876, when Asbury Park had an
existence on paper chiefly, a large frame school building was con-
structed far in advance of the demands at that time. This building
has served as a primary and grammar school for Asbury Park, and a
high school for the district. A half-dozen years later a large frame
church building in Ocean Grove was purchased by the school authori-
ties, and converted into a primary and grammar school for that
locality. Additional frame buildings were put up in other parts of
the district from time to time to meet the needs of the rapidly-
increasing population, until, in 1890, the community was burdened
with a number of frame buildings, constructed without a single con-
sideration of the requirements of a school as to light, ventilation, air
space, or seating capacity.
The crowded and unsanitary condition of the schools in 1891 im-
pressed the board of education with the urgent need of increased and
improved school accommodations. All class-rooms were undersized,
poorly lighted and unventilated. Rented rooms accommodated the
(67)
68 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
overflow from crowded classes. New buildings becatne imperative^
It was wisely decided that all new school buildings should be built
of brick, that they should contain all modern improvements, and
that they should be constructed on hygienic principles.
At the annual school meeting in 1892 an appropriation of $15,000
was voted to build a primary school building in West Asbury Park.
During the summer a handsome brick building was erected in time for
the opening of school in September. The building contains four class-
rooms, each 32 feet by 21 feet, by 13 feet high. Connected with each'
class-room is a cloak-room, with individual compartments for the
wraps of fifty pupils. There are besides a principal's room, a library
and a store-room for supplies. Metal ceilings are used throughout.
From a hygienic standpoint, the building is complete in every detail.
The rooms are well and properly lighted, heated and ventilated ; each
child has ample floor and air space; single desks are used. The
Fuller and Warren system of heating, ventilation and dry closets is
in operation, and gives most satisfactory results. The building is so
planned that it can readily be enlarged to double its present size. It
is one of the most complete primary school buildings in the State.
The building just described marked a new order of things in this
district, and opened the way for a greater enterprise that had existed
in the minds of the school authorities for several years. At a special
school meeting, held in April, 1893, an appropriation of ^GS.OOO'
was voted for the purpose of moving portions of the old Asbury Park
building to other parts of the district, there to be remodeled into
primary schools, and placed in good sanitary condition ; and also for
erecting on the site of the old school a new brick high school building.
One section of the old building was moved to the lot on Monroe-
avenue, and converted into a four-room school for the lowest primary
grades of Asbury Park. The building is now in excellent condition..
The rooms are large, well lighted, heated and ventilated. The Smead
system is used. Single adjustable desks are used. The Smead-Wills
ventilated flushing closets are placed in the basement. The remainder
of the building was taken to West Asbury Park and remodeled into
a school for colored children. This building contains four large
class-rooms, with ample cloak-rooms, a principal's ofiice and a library.
The Smead system is used. The total cost of moving, remodelingj,
heating and ventilating the two buildings was about $9,000.
The new Asbury Park High School is one of the handsomest, best-
arranged and best- equipped school buildings in the State. The cost,,
exclusive of the lot, is about $60,000. It is built of light tan-colored
brick with brown rock-faced brick foundation and terra-cotta and
stone trimmings. Its length is 140 feet; its greatest width is 101
feet, and its least width 67 feet. All entrances to the building are
artistic and imposing.
The first floor contains a principal's room, a reception-room and six
class-rooms, each 32 feet by 24 feet, by 13 feet high. Each class-
repNT entrance: .
SIDEENTFANO^-
<^--^^<^
jCAirV+incH-irooT
flR^)! noOR .PLAH
ntRCt^BRun ARCMITCCT5.
CftWU ^AIW AvyXKTtD AJCHITTCT
.iH.Qrjn An hcwToM.^Tr
ASBURY PARK. 69
3*oom has two cloak-rooms adjoining, with individual compartments
for the wraps of pupils. At the head of the first landing on each
stairway, between the first and second floors, is a teachers' room.
The second floor is an exact duplicate of the first floor. The main
halls on these floors are 14 feet wide. The board of education room
and the library are on the second floor. The third floor contains an
assembly-room seated with 800 opera chairs, a drawing-room 6Q feet
by 24 feet, lighted by a large skylight, a laboratory 36 feet by 24 feet,
a recitation -room of the same dimensions, two ccat-rooms, and two
dressing-rooms in the rear of the assembly-room stage. The base-
ment, which is almost entirely above ground, has two large rooms to
he used for manual training work, and two storage-rooms. The
remainder of the basement is given up to the heating and ventilating
^apparatus and toilet-room.
The Smead -Wills system of heating, ventilation and ventilated
(flushing closets is used. Eight large furnaces, each having over 450
feet of radiating surface, grouped in the center of the basement, are
used for heating. A large blow fan, having a six-foot wheel pro-
pelled by a fifteen horse- power electric motor, and making 200 revo-
lutions a minute, drives fresh air over the furnaces and forces it
through the building. An exhaust fan of less capacity than the blow
fan, driven by the same power, draws the foul air from the rooms
through ducts to the basement, and expels it to the outside. The use
of both the blow and the exhaust fans permits the grouping of the
furnaces, thus economizing fuel and space. It also gives entire inde-
pendence of the force and direction of the winds. A thorough circula-
tion of air through the building is secured at all times, regardless of
outside or inside conditions of temperature. The closets are ventil-
ated in the same manner as the Smead dry closets, but connection is
made with the sewer, and a large automatic flushing-pan is used to
flush the vaults at fixed intervals. Everything that science and
experience can devise has been used by the Smead- Wills people to
make the Asbury Park school plant the best yet introduced by them
into any Eastern school. School ofiicers contemplating the introduc-
tion of a heating and ventilation system, should inspect the plant in
operation at the Asbury Park High School.
The rapid improvement in the character of the school buildings and
in the condition of the class-rooms is a matter of much pride and
gratification to the school authorities and the friends of education in
these communities. At the beginning of the year 1892 not a single
class-room in the entire district was nroperly lighted, ventilated or
seated ; within one year from that time four buildings and more than
70 per cent, of all class-rooms have been placed in first-class sanitary
■condition, and answer every requirement as to heating, lighting, venti-
lation, seating and air capacity. It is to be hoped that we shall soon
he able to report every building in a like condition.
No change of any consequence has taken place in the course of
70 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
iostruclion since last year. The high school course was extended by
the addition of a business course, covering two years, upon the com-
pletion of which a certificate of graduation, instead of the regular
diploma for the full course, will be granted. Our course of study is
essentially the same as that in use in most of the progressive schools
of the State. A graduate from the high school department is readily
admitted to any college on all subjects excepting Greek. As soon as
the new high school building shall be ready for occupancy, the course
of instruction will be modified and extended. The high school gradu-
ates in June numbered twenty-eight.
The rapid development of these communities has called for a con-
stant enlargement of the teaching force. In ten years the force has*
increased from sixteen to forty teachers. The greater number of our
teachers are graduates of normal schools. In the selection of teachers,
preference is given to graduates of the New Jersey State Normal
School. The teachers' committee of the board of education has the
fullest liberty to select teachers wherever good material may be found.
Local interference in the selection of teachers is unknown, and local
teachers are employed only when their qualifications are of the high-
est order. To this freedom of choice in the selection of teachers is
largely attributed whatever of good may be found in the schools of
Asbury Park. Our teachers, almost without exception, are doing
faithful, conscientious and intelligent work.
ATLANTIC CITY.
William B. Loudenslager, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland y State Superintendent :
Sir — I herewith submit my annual report of the condition of the
schools of this city for the year ending June 30th, 1894. The report
shows a large increase in enrollment and every department in good
working order. I cannot but praise and congratulate both teachers
and supervising principal for the successful work accomplished under
the adverse circumstances that confronted them at the opening of the
school year. The serious sickness of our supervising principal, W,
A. Deremer, who was stricken down at that time with a fatal malady^
confining him to a bed of sickness for a number of weeks not know-
ATLANTIC CITY. 71
iDg when death would claim his own, cast gloom and a feeling of
despair upon pupils and teachers. Alas, the fatal moment came and
robbed us not only of a dear friend, but also of an ardent and sincere
educator.
The "Pennsylvania School Journal" of April, 1894, says: "As a
man he belonged in no sense to the common type. Natural and
unassuming in manner, singularly sincere in speech and action, there
was in his character an unconsciousness and simplicity that seldom
survives childhood, a gentleness and generosity that sweetest of
natures are apt to lose in early youth, and an unswerving honesty of
purpose which is one of the rarest attributes of mature manhood.
"As an educator he was still more exceptional, not so much for his
mental powers, which were of a high order, as for his moral force,
which made him what he was, a teacher in the best and truest sense
of the term, because a builder of character. Not remarkably well
educated to begin with, he was always a student, and attacked with
high courage any subject he desired to study, wringing from it what-
ever it might hold that served the purpose which he had in view.
Eager, earnest, untiring, this teacher found no day too long, no work
too hard, no sacrifice too great, that would further in any way the
welfare of the children committed to his charge."
Charles B. Boyer, then principal of the high school, having just
returned from his vacation full of strength and preparation for a
successful year's work, was placed in charge as acting supervising
principal. One month thereafter the board of education elected him
to fill the position made vacant by the death of Prof. Deremer.
Considering the trying and unsolicited position to which he was
elected, I find that his work has been entirely satisfactory, and look
forward with pride for next year's work.
Teachers^ Institute. — A joint institute of Atlantic and Gloucester
counties was held in this city on November 8th, 9th and 10th.
County Superintendents Wilson and Eldridge and City Superintendent
Schuster, of Egg Harbor City, were in attendance with the following
instructors, viz. : Dr. M. G. Brumbaugh, Dr. J. A. Reinhart, Miss
Ella S. Richardson, Miss Lillie A. Williams, Mr. H. C. Krebs, Mr.
Ryland E. Salisbury, Dr. Addison B. Poland and Dr. James M.
Green. The lectures were well attended by our teachers, and were
attentively and earnestly listened to, and, I believe, productive of
good results.
Arbor Day. — The schools of our city, according to our custom for
several years, observed Arbor day with the usual musical and literary
programmes in the different schools throughout the city. On account
of the soil, tree-planting in Atlantic City is not productive of good
results, and therefore no trees were planted.
Philanthropy and Moral Training. — A means for moral training,
which was inaugurated several years ago, was successfully carried out
during the school year. The last week of school previous to our Christ-
72 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
mas vacation, pupils bring to their teachers names of all poor and
worthy families needing help, whereupon the teachers make a thorough
investigation of each family thus reported, and, if found needy, their
names are placed upon the list. Last year one hundred and fifty-eight
families were investigated, and out of this number assistance waa
given to one hundred and thirty, giving them food, clothing, coal and
the like. Our school children were asked to bring to their teachers
food, clothing, money or such things as they could convenieatly give.
This request was also sent to a number of business men. It is very
gratifying to say that they responded liberally, bringing food, clothing
and $58,64 in money. With this money coal and thirty-two pairs of
shoes were bought for boys and girls who could not otherwise have
attended school.
Manual Training. — I believe that manual training, has come to
stay. Citizens who have visited the schools during the school year
have been well pleased with the pupils' work and the systematic
manner in which it is taught. From an idea of only teaching children
to saw, plane and chisel a piece of wood, they are considering it is an
art, and are just as anxious that their children should get the regular
course as that they should be taught simple addition.
Music. — This is the fourth year that music has been taught in a
thorough and systematic manner. It has now taken a position in
our curriculum that I hope will never be given up. Under the
direction of Miss Rispah A. Potter, who has been with us this year,
having been elected to fill the position left vacant by Miss Fletcher,
I find the work going on as usual and the pupils delighted with the
study.
Teachers. — The position of principal in the high school, made
vacant by Prof. Boyer's election to the position of supervising prin-
cipal, has been filled by the election of Prof. Henry P. Miller, who came
to U3 well recotn mended and who has proven an entire success. As
a rule our teachers have been diligent, faithful, and very few absented
themselves from school during the year.
Promotions. — The system of yearly promotion introduced this year
by Supervising Principal Boyer has proven entirely satisfactory.
Usually about one month before the closing of the schools it is
necessary to prepare for examinations, and during this time there is
a fever of excitement among teachers and pupils, so that the whole
routine of school work is upset. On the other hand, our regular
school work now continues until the last day of the term, when the
pupil is quietly handed a card denoting his position at the opening of
the fall term. This is done without the loss of one session. The
whole responsibility of the pupil's fitness for promotion is placed
upon the teacher. If in the teacher's judgment the pupil has not
shown a good record during the term, and is not recommended for
promotion he must remain in his grade until he shows a proper
fitnfss for such promotion. On the other hand, if the teacher pro-
BAYONNE. 73
motes to get rid of a lazy or troublesome pupil the next grade teacher
on receiving that pupil soon becomes aware of the fact, and the
teacher so doing is held responsible. The system has proven so
satisfactory that the board of education of this city has unanimously
adopted the same.
Buildings. — The four school buildings of Atlantic City are in
good condition. In accordance with our finances a large number of
desks have been changed from double to single during the year. We
now have only about four rooms with double desks in the four build-
ings. I trust that the time will not be far distant when all the desks
will be single. This is an absolute necessity in schools where white
■children and colored children are educated together.
BAYONNE.
Charles M. Davis, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Sir — In obedience to law I have the honor of presenting the fol-
lowing report concerning the public schools of Bayonne during the
year ending June 30th, 1894:
According to the census of May, 1893, there were 5,351 children
of school age in the city. In May, 1894, there were 5,915, an increase
of 564, or d^ per cent.
There were registered in the public schools 3,396. About 1,000
attended private and parochial schools, leaving about 1,000 attending
no schcol.
The schools have been open 194 days, not counting holidays, under
the charge of seven (7) principals and sixty-seven (67) teachers. There
were eleven (11) graduates from the high school and fifty-nine (59)
from the grammar schools.
There have been no night schools.
About one thousand (1,000) children have attended no school ; some
of these are at work, but the greater part, mostly boys, roam the city
streets, where they are constantly acquiring ideas, language and habits
which will develop them into bad citizens, and many of them into
criminals. It would be useless to attempt the enforcement of the
Truant laws, for the school buildings cannot accommodate all the
children that now apply for admission.
74 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT..
Buildings. — There are nominally six school-houses, but only five
of these are used. One has stood during the year unoccupied, because
of what is considered its dangerous condition. During most of the
year the children of Districts Nos. 3 and 6 have occupied the same
building (No. 6), the latter holding session in the morning, the former
in the afternoon. Whatever may be thought of such a plan theo-
retically, its practical working is very unsatisfactory and discouraging.
As the pupils get but little more than half school time, it is impos-
sible to carry them through the prescribed curriculum, and the
teachers are dissatisfied with the results of their work.
The other buildings have been crowded, most of them beyond the
limits of comfort and health. In one of these the kindergarten
department could barely seat one- half the pupils enrolled, so that it
became necessary to hold a session for boys in the morning, and
another for the girls in the afternoon. Being optimistic in tempera-
ment, we hope for greater accommodations.
The high school occupies a rented building.
Teachers^ Examinations. — The examinations of candidates for
teachers' certificates are held on the same days as the county examina-
tions, and the same questions are used. By this means the same
qualifications are demanded from our teachers as from those in other
parts of the State, and we keep in close touch with the State school
system.
There have been granted of the —
First grade 5 certificates..
Second grade 10 "
Third grade 14 "
Total 29 «
Of State certificates, there are held by teachers of the —
First grade 3^
Second grade 8
Third grade 5
Total .: 16
Teachers. — The efforts of so many of our teachers to secure certifi-
cates of a high grade are commendable. They not only prepare
themselves thus thoroughly for examinations, but many of them
study methods of teaching in their special lines of work, so that their
pupils may be more wisely instructed and more thoroughly trained.
They hold that the object of education is the symmetrical develop-
ment of all the pupil's powers; to give him "a healthy body, a sound
mind, a spotless soul." The spirit, of course, is not as yet universal
BAYONNE— Continued. 75
in our pedagogic corps ; but it pervades the large majority, and
challenges the rest.
Vocal Music. — Vocal music is now taught systematically in most
of the schools, and excellent progress is being made. In School No. 3,
where the children have been trained for years to sing by note, great
advancement has been made ; so that the higher classes " render '^
very finely music of a high order.
No steps have been taken towards introducing manual .training.
High School. — The high school increases in numbers and efficiency^
and is growing in the estimation of the people. It is doing an
excellent work for the graduates of the grammar schools, although as
yet its course consists of only two years.
We think the time is not far off when another year will be added.
Student- Teachers. — For those of our pupils who wish to become
teachers, but have not the opportunity of attending any normal
school, an arrangement has been made, which is explained in the
following extract from my annual report to the city board of edu-
cation :
"A rule prescribed in the manual authorizes the board to appoint
as student- teachers graduates of the high school, and others who may
pass an examination equivalent to that of high school graduates.
These students are assigned by the superintendent to the different
schools, where they are instructed in teaching, beginning in the
kindergarten and going up through more or less of the course, as cir-
cumstances may justify. The aim is to have them study and practice
in every department, under the instruction of the teacher in whoee
room they may at any time be placed. They are not teachers, but
students learning how to teach.
"They recite every week to the superintendent in psychology and
method of instruction, and receive instruction from him in subjects
pertaining to the work of teaching. At these meetings they present
papers on such educational subjects as he may assign them, and also-
discuss practical points about instruction and discipline, and other
matters suggested by their experience in the class-room.
" In the absence of a regular teacher, her room is put in charge of
a student- teacher, who then has opportunity of showing her ability to
control and instruct.
" In this way it can soon be learned for what particular grade of
work each student is best fitted, to which she can be appointed when
her term of preparation and practice has expired.
" While it is not claimed that the advantages in this way given the
student-teacher are equal to those received at a normal school, it is
clear that the training and instruction are valuable ; and if they prove
themselves worthy they have their names placed on the eligible list,,
and are sure, sooner or later, of appointments."
The Free Public Library. — One great object of the public school is to>
teach the children of the country to read — how to read, what to read, to
76 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
read intelligently, to read profitably. An important adjunct to the free
public school is the free public library, and in this respect Bayonne
has great reason to be thankful. The officers of our public library,
in selecting the books, had prominently in view the needs of the
public school children. The principals and the teachers of the higher
•classes are paying considerable attention to the character of the books
which the children read, both as relating to their studies and to
their general reading. The pupils of the high school especially are
learning how to use the library, where they find kind and intelligent
'help from the librarian and his assistants.
In spite, then, of some inconveniences and difficulties, which we hope
will be temporary, we can report good progres3 in the education of
those children who can find seats in our schools, and we hope that
decided measures will soon be taken, so that these advantages can be
offered to all the children in this city.
BELVIDERE.
R. M. Van Horn, Pbincipal.
To A. B. Poland y State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — By means of public contributions, State aid and a
small appropriation, considerable additions have been made to our
philosophical apparatus, which now includes an electric machine, air
pump and battery purchased this year.
At the beginning of the school year, it was found that repairs were
needed to the school building, and the school board promptly arranged
to put the roof and cornices in good condition.
The same corps of teachers as last year has been retained, none of
■whom has a certificate lower than a first grade county.
The course of study has been modified by introducing algebra, book-
keeping and physics three y^rs earlier in the course than formerly.
Advanced readers have been put in lower grades, and the technical
study of grammar and geography is begun a year or more earlier
than before. The course of study is published for the first time.
The lower rooms have been crowded heretofore ; to obviate this a
reclassification was made, so that there is about an equal number in
the classes of the intermediate and grammar departments.
BLOOMFIELD. 77
A number of the pupils of the twelfth grade have been induced to
try the teachers' third grade examination for the purpose of testing
their knowledge of the English branches. Of thoee who tried,
nearly all passed except in theory and practice of teaching. "Z^Z^
Much of the change in course of study and classification should be
accredited to Dr. G. W. Cummins, Ph.D., who is chairman of the
book committee of our board of education.
BLOOMFIELD.
John C. Dunbar, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — The rapid recent increase of enrollment in the several depart-
ments of the schools has rendered the providing of enlarged accommo-
dations immediately urgent. A lot has accordingly been purchased
for the erection of a new building in the western part of the village
proper (Glen Ridge). Plans have been matured, and work will be
commenced as soon as the season permits next spring. The plan pro-
vides for twelve class-rooms, first and second stories, and assembly-
room, third story. When completed the present overcrowding in all
departments will be entirely relieved. The heating will be by means
of steam. Ventilation will be as already used in the other larger
buildings, by air flues in each room and window-slips.
The course of study has heretofore embraced, in the primary, four
years ; in the grammar department, five years ; in the high school, a
classical course, four years, and an English course, three years. The
introduction of the study of modern languages in the high school ha&
rendered necessary a modification ; the grammar classes will hereafter
embrace four years, and each course in the high school four years.
The teaching force of the schools has been increased from 33 to 39,
Two of this number were due to the annexation of the Brookdale
district (No. 6). In addition one new teacher is now employed in the
primary department, one in the grammar department, and a special
teacher in penmanship.
In the first four years in the primary, kindergarten methods are
used in connection with usual class work. The special aim in these
features of the work is to familiarize the pupils with the essential facts
78 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
of form, dimension and relation, in the formation of simple figures,
surface and solid, modeling, map construction, &c. These exercises,
carefully conducted, are found specifically valuable in relation with
applied studies later, mathematics, science and industrial drawing.
The subject of an industrial or manual department in the school
has for several years engaged the earnest inquiry and thought of the
board. The conclusion, after extended investigation and considera-
tion of results had from such attempts in schools of like conditions
elsewhere, has been that no satisfactory plan has yet been found in
useful operation. The enlargement in this direction, it is felt, should
be made only when sufficient patronage is present, and adequate
equipment and efficient instructors provided, for a thorough training
in the common mechanical employments, and for a parallel course of
exact technical instruction, which shall enable pupils to take advanced
standing in higher technical schools. Both these conditions may
readily be had in larger communities, and will there answer a large
and useful end. In smaller towns the trials thus far ventured seem
4o be of the nature of fragmentary and misleading experimentation.
CAMDEN.
Martin V. Bergen, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — I herewith transmit to you my annual report for the school
year ending June 30th, 1894.
The work done by the teachers of the schools of this city during
the past year has been more than satisfactory. We have now engaged
a number of trained teachers, so that Camden can now consider her-
self abreast of her sister cities in this respect. The present excellent
condition of our schools is due to the strict discipline maintained by
the district principals and teachers under them.
The prescribed city examination was held during the first week in
May. Of the 81 that entered, 1 received a first grade certificate, 7
second grade, 16 third grade — making a total of 24 certificates
awarded.
I submit herewith the questions prepared by oar board of
examiners which were used on the occasion.
CAMDEN. 79
The attendance this year was slightly in excess of last year, the
enrollment being about the same. We have erected another eight-
room building at a cost of $19,000. It will be occupied at the begin-
ning of the school year. It was named after the lamented Lincoln.
It has all the modern improvements. We thought that before another
report should reach your office to be able to state that a high school
building had been erected, but the great stringency of the times has
compelled the commissioners of schools to put oflP this much-needed
improvement to a later date. The great yearly increase of our popu-
lation, caused by the high rents, together with the cost of living in
our sister city, has caused many to remove here, where they can find
better homes at a greatly reduced rate. To meet this demand we
shall have to erect a new building yearly in order to increase our
school facilities. At the present time if we had two or three more
such buildings as the last erected, we could readily fill them. The
private and parochial schools are few, thus testifying to the efficiency
of our public schools.
In the early part of December we held what might be said to be
our first teachers' institute, in which city and county jointly partici-
pated. Of the 210 teachers in our city, but four were absent, two of
these on account of illness. The institute was a success, and caused
the attendance of many of our prominent citizens, who were more
than gratified at the work being done in the State on educational
lines. Meetings of this character are of vast benefit to the teachers,
and prevent their entering or continuing in ruts that lead only to an
expenditure of nervous energy without corresponding benefit. The
teachers' institute, combined with a close perusal of the many excellent
educational works now published, will make even the least progressive
a better and more competent teacher. All that has a tendency to
elevate the standard of the teacher, and thus advance the school, will
receive hearty support here.
A high school for girls was opened early in February under Prof.
Horatio Draper with an able corps of lady assistants, the several
districts sending a quota of pupils to a competitive examination, those
obtaining the highest averages being selected as the pupils of the
school. The school commissioners were compelled to pursue this
course on account of the restricted quarters (the school occupies a
portion of the building used by the Boys' Manual Training High
School). It is the earnest wish of all connected with the higher
development of our school interests that some means may be found
in the near future of erecting for the school a commodious building
suitable to their wants.
The manual training school (Boys') is still doing excellent work
under the skillful teaching of Prof. John Brown in the metal and
wood shops. The several supervidng principals who were the
assistants of Prof. Draper for the past three years were relieved from
this duty by a corps of lady instructors.
80 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Arbor day was generally observed by the schools according to a
prepared programme furnished to each school ; but few of the schools
planted trees on account of limited space. On this occasion a large
number of the parents were present at the various schools, thus attest-
ing their interest in tree or forest culture.
Evening schools were opened during the year, commencing October
15th and closing February 15th, the attendance being in excees of
the previous year.
During the year 400 new books were added to the school library.
The State has failed to supplement our appropriation for the past two
years.
In accordance with a recent law our school commissioners have
placed flag- poles on each of the schools, from which the stars and
stripes are unfurled daily. In many of our schools the pupils are
regularly drilled in the flag exercise, thus inculcating in them a
love, devotion and patriotism, and making our future citizens more
homogeneous.
I think our school course could be enriched and our pupils fitted
to the stern realities of business life if we should add stenography
and typewriting to our present curriculum. Writing has ceased
to occupy the attention of the business or professional man as
formerly. Its place has been recently superseded by the above-
named subjects. Therefore it should be our aim to fit our pupils for
the great needs of the commercial and professional world.
Before closing this report allow me, with a host of others, to com-
pliment you on the valuable report made of the schools of the State
and the work being pursued in them during the past year.
CRANFORD.
Richard E. Clement, Psincipal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — By request of Superintendent Holmes, of Union county, the
following report of Cranford public school for the year 1894, is
respectfully submitted :
Building. — By erecting a partition wall in one large room, an
additional class-room has been provided, thereby increasing the seat-
CRANFORD. 81
ing capacity of the primary department to 176, and enabling us to
increase our teaching force in that department to four.
Course of Study. — In June, 1894, a new course of study, prepared
by Superintendent Holmes, was adopted by our trustees. In effect,
but little change was made in the work for the pupils in the primary
and grammar grades. In the high school department our pupils
may now elect one of three courses of study ; a classical course of four
years, a scientific course of three years, or a shorter course of two
years. In the latter course, which I apprehend will be the most
popular, one year is to be devoted to each of the following : Plane
geometry, bookkeeping, commercial arithmetic, commercial law,
commercial geography, compositions and rhetoric, physics, physiology,
English history, French history, German history and civil govern-
ment. Two years' work in algebra is required.
Examinations. — In addition to frequent oral and written tests,
three stated written examinations are given each year in December,
March and June. All pupils in the upper primary, the grammar,
and the high school classes must take these examinations. Owing to
our small teaching force promotions can be made only once each year.
In the lower primary classes the record made in recitations is used to
determine the rank of each pupil, and promotions depend wholly'
upon fitness as shown in recitation and upon the recommendation of
the teacher. In those classes which take the written examination in
June (the county superintendent's examination), the average then
received is added to the average received for the year in the class-
room, the sum is divided by two, and the quotient serves as a general
average. If this general average be above 74 per cent, the pupil is
promoted.
Teaching Force. — The only change has already been indicated, viz ,
the engagement of an additional teacher in the primary department.
Otherwise the teachers are the same as those employed last year,
it being the practice here to make few changes. The average
term of service in our school, of all teachers now employed, is six
years. Each teacher is now supplied with a book of record, in which
she enters from day to day an outline of the work to be done on the
following day, with methods to be employed, results attained, obser-
vations and anything worthy of special mention. This has been
found to be helpful to the teacher, and of material aid in the work of
supervision.
Special Days. — As required by law, appropriate exercises were
conducted in all departments on Arbor day and on Friday before
Thanksgiving day.
Graduating Exercises. — The class of '94 numbered ten, eight girls
and two boys. Of this number, three continue work in more ad-
vanced schools in New York.
Special Instruction. — As required by law, our trustees purchased,
for the use of pupils, approved text-books on the subject of physi-
82 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
ology, hygiene, and the effects of alcohol and other narcotics. Two
hundred and fifty-eight copies of these books were bought, divided
as follows: Primary grade, 135; grammar, 81, and high school, 42.
With the exception of seven copies these books are in the bands of
pupils, every child able to read being loaned a book for daily use.
Every pupil of the 292 now on our rolls has received careful,
thorough instruction in the subjects named. So far as Cranford is
concerned, the law has been obeyed both in spirit and letter.
Library. — No appropriation was made for library purposes this
year. The necessity of purchasing so many books on the subject of
alcohol and other narcotics rendered any addition to the library
inexpedient if not impossible.
The Free Text-book law in nowise affected Cranford, as all pupils
have been supplied, at public expense, with books and everything
needed for use in school during the past twelve years.
The new School law has not proved inimical to the interests of
Cranford, for the simple reason that the township lines have always
been the boundary lines of this school district, so that we have always
had a township system with only one school in the township. The
pnly notable change, so far as we are concerned, is the increase from
three to nine trustees, and, as yet, this has in no way affected the
interests of our school.
DOVER.
J. H. HuLSART, Principal.
2o Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent:
Sir — I have the honor to submit, by favor of County Superin-
tendent Cox, the following supplementary report of the Dover public
schools for the school year 1893-94 :
Conditions. — The prevalence of diphtheria in the south side of town
interfered considerably with the attendance at, and consequently with
the work in, the south side building during the month of December,
and necessitated the closing of that building six days before the Christ-
mas vacation. With this exception, however, external circumstances
have favored a successful year.
The complete equipment of the schools with text-books and ap-
paratus, made possible by the liberality of the people, has been of
DOVER.
83
great assistance to the teachers, and has greatly conduced to thorough-
ness of work. The principal unfavorable condition in the internal
arrangements has been lack of room. Several rooms have been con-
siderably overcrowded, and the use of the principal's office for recita-
tions necessitated during four and five periods of the day. I sincerely
hope that the schools may be early released from this only serious
impediment to their successful work.
Attendance. — Improvement in promptness and regularity of attend-
ance has continued during the year, as shown by the following
istatistical summaries for the past four years :
^
^
O o
o _•
o
. o
41 >->
<u «
v a
CO si
B
bcQ
be eS
S 3
o ^
g/n3
FOR THE YEAK
rt^
eirs
o-^
«.S
P-t>,
1 =
^ 2
-5i
2,548
1,452
820
492
O g
^ £
1891
850
945
1,027
1,139
617
662
780
841
547
595
701
770
88.7
89.8
89.8
91.5
6
1892
8
1893
23
1894..,
51
Besides the 51 present every day, 23 others were not absent more
than one session or one day.
Discipline. — The order in most of the rooms has been good. In a
few, however, proper deportment on the part of the pupils was
secured with greater difficulty.
When the teacher receives the hearty, uniform support of the
parent, trouble in school is rare. With very few exceptions, I believe
the parents of Dover have given such support during the past year.
We have endeavored to secure the maximum of order with the
minimum of punishment. Punishments are at times necessary, but
that teacher is especially fortunate who can without frequent recourse
to them create a sentiment in the class favorable to order and study.
Teachers. — Our teachers average high as to both professional and
legal qualifications. Twelve hold State certificates, five first grade
•county and three second grade county. The majority of them are
.graduates of normal schools, and nearly all are in sympathy with and
proficient in the advanced methods of instruction and school manage-
ment.
The teachers have been untiring in their work both during the
hours in the class-room and in the essential preparatory work before
and after school. The idea prevalent in some circles, that a teacher's
work ends with the dismissal of her pupils, is an error and does great
-injustice to all faithful, earnest teachers. I consider our faculty an
-excellent one.
Miscellaneous. — More than $100 worth of books have been added
to the school library, $67 of which was raised by entertainments,
84 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
and $30 given by the State. The library has been divided and a'
part of the books placed in the new building. Books purchased for
the library during the year, 154; books now in the library, 356;;
books taken out during the year, 1,420.
At the close of the year ten pupils were graduated from the high,
school department and thirty-three from the grammar department.
The course of study reported to you last year is still in use.
EAST ORANGE.
Yernon L. Davey, Superintendent.
lo Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — In obedience to your request for a very brief report on the
recent progress in the schools of East Orange, the following is respect-
fully submitted :
In accordance with the policy of the board of education, aiming
toward a reduction in the number of pupils per teacher, five additional
teachers were engaged for the present school year, making a total of
sixty-four teachers. An unexpectedly large increase in the enroll-
ment of pupils has, however, kept the number of pupils to the room
nearly as great as heretofore, and has filled every available room
in the Ashland, Eastern, Franklin and Elmwood schools. There is
still abundance of room in the high school and the new Columbian
school. In order to relieve the pressure in the crowded districts, the
board of education have taken the preliminary steps for the erection
of another building with twelve rooms, so arranged as to be capable
of enlargement into a sixteen- room building. It is intended to make
this in all respects a model building.
Considerable has been accomplished during the year in the beauti-
fying of the school- houses. Pictures have been purchased, maps and
drawings made by pupils have been framed, and two buildings have
been tinted throughout.
The most noteworthy change in the course of study consists of the
introduction of a carefully and systematically-graded course in nature
study. A large number of books of reference has been placed in each
school for the use of the teachers, and fine collections of specimens
for study have been made.
ELIZA.BETH. 85
After a careful trial of the system of vertical writing in two rooms
of one of our schools during the spring of last year, it was decided to
introduce it into the primary departments of several schools. Excel-
lent results have been obtained, and there is every reason to think
the action taken was a step forward.
It is pleasant to record the fact that an increasing number of our
pupils are fitting for college. Six of the present graduating class will
enter Yale or Princeton in September.
In spite of the financial depression the people have stood firmly by
the schools, and there has been a slight increase in the average salary
|)aid.
ELIZABETH.
J. Augustus Dix, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — Since my last report, in which I stated the outlook for addi-
tional schools, two new school buildings have been regularly opened ;
School No. 7, to take the place of the rented building designated as
■Grier avenue primary, and No. 8, an entirely new addition. The
buildings are well situated, and being built in accordance with the
most approved plans in respect to light, ventilation and heating,
admirably serve the purpose for which they are intended. The
increase in accommodation thus afforded has in a measure lessened
the congested state in certain districts, but the need of still greater
expenditure in this direction is imperative, and the coming year will
no doubt see an enlargement of our school facilities. It is probable
that School No. 1 will be entirely rebuilt on a larger scale, thus
affording some relief to the lower section of the city where the need is
greater.
The adoption on your recommendation of the State Normal School
curriculum, was an important change made in November last. As
this was a radical alteration of our method, it is not at all surprising
to find a difference of opinion expressed by the principals as to the
results obtained. I am satisfied, however, that after another year, it
will be found to work admirably even by those who at present may
not entirely favor all its provisions.
86 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
We are greatly indebted to Dr. Green, of the State Normal School^
who very kindly addressed a meeting of all the teachers, explaining
fully the plan, and interpreting clearly all points, so that every teacher
might understand the benefits to be derived, both by teachers and"
scholars.
The old system of stated examinations has been, also on your
recommendation, done away with, and a new rule adopted. Ii>
accordance with your suggestion, Superintendent Snyder, of Jersey
City, favored us with a visit, and explained a plan in operation
in the schools under his charge, thus giving our teachers a clear
insight into the new method.
During the early part of the school year, to our great regret, MisB
Ora Royce, supervisor of drawing, &c., severed her highly satisfac-
tory connection with our schools. Miss E. Van Valkenberg was ap-
pointed to the position, and up to the present has shown herself to be-
a worthy successor.
The general progress made during the year is more fully set forth
in the following extracts from reports received from the principak'
of the various schools :
BITTIN HIGH SCHOOL. MISS L. H. SAYRE, PRINCIPAL.
* * * " The general character of the work has been much the-
same as in the preceding year, but effort has been made toward such
changes as will be necessary to carry out the new course of instruc-
tion, which was adopted too late for us to take it up fully this year.
In algebra the third class has done its usual work, taking up the sub-
ject as far as involution.
" The Junior class completed the subject, including ratio and pro-
portion, and the progressions. More attention has been given tO'
factoring, fractional combinations and exponents than formerly.
" The course in geometry has been extended so as to include solid*
geometry. It has been impossible to do justice to the subject in the
time allotted, yet the pupils of the Senior class have a good general
idea of it, having completed the text in Davies' Elementary Geom-
etry. Original work has not been attempted in this part of the sub-
ject, but over eighty original demonstrations have been worked by the
class in plane geometry, in addition to the regular text- book work.
Next year it is expected that plane geometry will be introduced intO"
the Junior class, thus making it possible to extend the course.
"A change of text-books from Davies' Elementary to Wells' Plane
and Solid Geometry will enable us to do more in original work.
" In the department of literature the Senior class has read, in con-
nection with the study of Shaw's History of Literature, many works
illustrative of the various authors. Among them were Shakespeare's
* Merchant of Venice,' and ' Julius Csesar,' Arnold's ' Sohrab and
ELIZABETH— Continued. fe7
Rustum,' Scott's ' Lady of the Lake,' Addison's * Roger de Coverley
Papers.' Besides the regular course in rhetoric the Junior class has
read Scott's ' Ivanhoe,' and 'Talisman,' Hawthorne's 'Twice Told
Talea,' and * Mosaes from an Old Manse,' Whittier's * Snow Bound,'
and 'Tent on the Beach,' Longfellow's ' Evangeline,' Lowell's ' Vision
of Launfal,' with many miuor poems of the last three authors.
Selections from these have been memorized weekly, and they have
been used for practice in criticism. The writing of essays has been
made interesting to the pupils by the occasional illustration of suit-
able topics, and the result has been gratifying to the teacher and
creditable to the class.
" Effort has been made to guide the general reading of the pupils
so that their taste might be led in the direction of good literature, as
this is the only means by which the best and most permanent results
can be secured.
** In the classes in history much reading has been done beyond the
text- book used. Historical papers have been prepared in the class-
room after reading up on the various topics. In this reading all the
books attainable in our own, and the public library, have been used.
Special attention has been given to location of places, and to map-
drawing, thus connecting history with geography.
" Many thanks are due to the management of the public library
for giving, by means of its 'teacher's cards,' a freer access to its books,
and to its librarian, for her unfailing kindness and patience in assist-
ing the pupils visiting the library for works of reference.
" In the scientific department about half a year is allotted to most
of the branches, so that the work is somewhat restricted, yet progress
has been made in this direction.
" Besides the outlines of general geology, and that of our own
State particularly, attention has been given to the determination of
common minerals, using * Crosby's tables ' as guides. This has been
not only interesting to the pupils, but helpful to them when they
took up the study of chemistry later in the year. More laboratory
work has been done this year than last, and pupils have been unusu-
ally successful in their experiments.
" In physics, time has been given to the application of mechanical
laws, and pupils have been encouraged to give original illustration of
the principles of the science, either by blackboard drawings or ex-
periments.
" The class in botany has done excellent work, their specimens of
plant-life have been neatly prepared and mounted, the definitions of
the various parts of the plant illustrated by excellent drawings in
books prepared most carefully by the teacher. This feature of the
work has given great satisfaction.
" Pupils of the zoology class have been fortunate in finding rare
specimens of insect life, and the cabinet shows the results of the
efforts made.
88 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
"With charts for illustration, the 'evil effects of alcohol and to-
bacco ' have been impressed upon the pupils. In fact, this important
subject was conscientiously taught before the State passed the law in
reference to it. Also, the rules in regard to health have been em-
phasized.
" In astronomy, pupils have been encouraged to make a study of
the heavenly bodies by their own observations as well a? from books ;
they were greatly helped in this direction, and their interest more
fully awakened, by the kindness of Mr. McBride, editor of the
' Journal,' who brought his telescope to the school grounds and spent
an evening with the class, giving each member an opportunity to ob-
serve the various features of the moon, the rings of Saturn, &c., a
privilege fully appreciated by the class. It would be of great advan-
tage could the school have an instrument of this kind, even though it
should be a small one.
" In the preparatory class every effort has been made to prepare
the pupils for the high school work, special drill being given in
grammar and arithmetic.
" Before closing this part of the report, I would speak of the faith-
fulness of the teachers, their constant effort to give the best to their
classes ; that their work is not merely a matter of dollars and cents is
constantly proven by the time and labor voluntarily given."
[Reports of other schools omitted through lack of space.]
ENGLEWOOD.
Edwin S. Richards, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Sir — In compliance with request, I herewith submit the following
brief report of the Englewood public school for the year 1894 :
Our enrollment on December 14th, as reported was 410, consisting
of 389 resident and 21 non-resident pupils, an excess of 20 over the
enrollment of last year of corresponding date.
The course of study for this year differs from that of last year in
the following respects : The time for the study of the German lan-
guage has been made two years ; physiology and hygiene have been
incorporated into the curriculum ; more kindergarten work, games,
FLEMINGTON. 89
■Ac, have been introduced ; chemistry, an elective study, is being pur-
sued, and botany, necessarily dropped last year, will be resumed in
the spring.
On account of the crowded condition of the lower departments, a
re- adjustment of the classes was made at the opening of the school.
The Undercliff school has been closed because of the small number
in attendance thereat, and the children are being transported to the
main school of the district.
One new teacher has been added to the corps.
Drawing is taught by a special teacher.
A new scheme has Ijeen adopted relative to the matter of deter-
mining promotions. Heretofore we have adhered strictly to the daily
marking and yearly examination method. Monthly written reviews
were given, also, thus consuming about one-tenth of the year in
examinations.
By the new scheme promotions will be based upon the teacher's
estimate, made monthly, of each pupil's standing in each of the
studies pursued.
Thus far more satisfactory results have been obtained by this
method. It acts as an incentive to better work.
FLEMINGTON.
S. B. GiLHULY, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — Complying with the request of County Superintendent
Heath, I herewith send you a report of the public schools of Flem-
ington.
Many of our seats were found to be very much too large for the
children, and in making the change individual desks were substituted
for the double. Curtains have been placed at all the windows where
the sun had previously made study difficult. Other than this there
has been nothing done in the way of building during the year.
In my report last year I mentioned the fact that stenography and
typewriting had been recommended but had not yet been adopted.
We are now using both and they are proving excellent stimulants to
spelling. Aside from the utilitarian point of view, the drill effect is
remarkable. The pupils are given a twenty-minute recitation every
90 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
day in stenography and a twenty-minute period for typewriter prac-
tice. We are using the Graham system of stenography.
Since my last report the board has extended the course of study to
include college preparatory studies.
The revised course is as follows :
HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT.
First Year.
Business arithmetic, commercial geography, stenography and type-
writing, civil government, bookkeeping, commercial law, advanced Englisb
grammar, physiology.
Second Year.
LATIN SCIENTIFIC. ENGLISH.
Latin lessons, algebra, general his- German conversation and reading,,
tory, Cfesar, physics, botany. algebra, general history, physics,.
botany.
Third Year.
Algebra, geometry, Caesar, English Algebra, geometry, English litera-
literature, Latin prose composition, ture, German, rhetoric, English,.
Cicero. composition, zoology.
Fourth Year.
Geometry, Virgil, Cicero, Latin Geometry, metric system, chemis-
prose composition, Roman history, try, early English, Paradise Lost,,
metric system, Franklin's Autobiography, political
economy, geology.
At the beginning of the second year the pupil selects the course
best suited to his tastes and pursues that to the end of his school
term. I do not present this as particularly new in school work, but
as new for us. We send three students to college this year. Com-
mencement is changed from essay work to chorus and lecture.
The teaching force has been enlarged by one. a teacher in the high
school department, making eight including the principal.
Work is specialized by the principal in reading, drawing, writing
and music. I make it a point to teach one of these subjects once a
week in every room. I have a calendar arranged by which I work.
For instance, Monday is divided as follows : Two periods are given i»
the office for tardy pupils and reported cases. Then in my own recita-
tion-room I have Cicero, physics and German. This leaves two
periods for visiting, in which I teach reading in Room No 2 and
penmanship in Room No. 1. After dinner I have stenography^,
FREEHOLD. 91
English literature and Virgil in my own room, with two periods for
visiting for specialized studies ; music and drawing in Rooms 6 and
7. On Tuesday the visiting lessons are the same subjects for the
same time, but in different rooms. Thus I am able to get to all the
rooms in special subjects. I still have left two periods a day m
which the rooms are visited without regard to special work.
FREEHOLD.
John Enright, Principal.
Jo Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — Pursuant to your request, I submit the following brief
account of our schools :
The public schools of Freehold are maintained in a commodious
brick structure of eleven rooms, and a single-room building for colored
children. The former is known as the graded school.
The course of study now comprises the usual high school English
branches, and a three-years' course in Latin. The latter has been
added during the last two years.
The whole course is divided into eleven years, or grades. During
the first two years, the children are daily kept in the school-room for
only two hours in the morning and one and one-half hours in the
afternoon. This practice has now been in operation for a period of
four years, and is regarded by parents and teachers as a success. It
has been demonstrated that fully as much can be accomplished by the
little ones in having short sessions, as formerly when the sessions were
extended through the whole of the forenoon and afternoon. With
limited means it also enables us to have special teachers in singing
and drawing, by having these teachers teach also in the first and
second years. Otherwise special teaching in singing and drawing
with us would be impossible.
For three years past we have been trying to incorporate in the first
year in school what seemed to us to be good and practicable in the
kindergarten. Whether through lack of judgment in selection or
what not, it has been an undoubted failure. The children feel that
they are doing nothing and the parents know that they are learning
nothing. The fault may be in ourselves, but truth impels the record..
^2 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
This year we have abandoned the royal kindergarten road, and have
returned to the old common highway that so many good and great of
former times have traveled. We now think that we are getting
better results in reading, number and writing than with the kinder-
garten admixture. The aim that our teachers are asked to have in
view is the threefold development of the child — the emotions, the in-
tellect and the will — and each teacher is judged in her work not by
her methods so much as by results. We aim to have one plan, but
have many methods in working out that plan.
We aim to arrange our course of study to benefit that large class
of children who do not reach beyond the sixth or seventh year in
school. Educating boys and girls to live in an eminently practical
age is a work admitting no nonsense. To be able to make funda-
mental calculations, to read intelligently, to write legibly, to speak
with exactness, to know something of ourselves and our history con-
stitute the largest care of our course.
We graduated a class of fourteen last June, six boys and eight girls.
Two of the class entered Rutgers College and three the State Normal
School.
We have again for the second time outgrown our accommodations
and the necessity for more school building is upon us. It was about
to be provided when the new school legislation unsettled matters.
We hope to have it to say in our next report that every modern
facility in the way of a school building has been provided for by the
•town of Freehold.
HACKETTSTOWN.
A. H. Skinner, Principal.
lo Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent:
Sir — In compliance with the request of County Superintendent R.
S. Price, I hereby submit the following report of the Hackettstown
public schools for the year 1893-94 :
Course of Study. — The curriculum includes all of the branches
commonly found in a well-regulated English high school course of
study. To meet the requirements of the times this course is modified
irom year to year, both as to matter and the method of teaching the
HACKETTSTOWN. 95
same. The instructors of each department and branch are endeavor-
ing to keep abreast of the times by acquainting themselves with the
literature of their profession, and by using in their class-rooms ap-
proved modern methods.
Tardy Cases. — We have given the subject of tardiness considerable
attention and, we think, have been quite successful in reducing the
number of cases, in proportion to our enrollment, very low. Six
years ago the number of tardy cases for each of the first two school
months was 146. At the same rate the total number for the year
would have been 1,460, a very large number for our school. It was a
serious question for some time what course to pursue to reduce it. After
carefully considering the subject it was finally decided to endeavor to
create an interest in the matter among the pupils of the different
grades. The importance of being present at the opening of the
morning and afternoon sessions was presented to them frequently by
the teachers of the different grades in their respective rooms and by
myself when they were all assembled in the school chapel. A
friendly rivalry was finally aroused, each grade striving to see which
should have the least number of tardy cases per month. The
monthly tardy report, made in the school chapel before all the pupils
of the different grades, soon became an event looked forward to with
no little interest. The interest manifested was evident to anyone
looking into their faces during the reading of the report. The plan
worked so successfully that instead of having the probable number
of 1,460 cases of tardiness at the end of the school year, we had
only 700.
The same plan has been continued for six years. The total number
per year was gradually reduced, until there were 144, two less than
the number for one month when we first began.
Promotions and Examinations. — Promotions, based upon examina-
tions, are made but once a year and that at the close. During the
year we held four test examinations and one final. The object of
the test examinations was to encourage the pupils to do their study-
ing throughout the year, and not put it off until the last six weeks
of the school year. As an inducement to do that, they were informed
at the beginning of the year that for each branch in which they suc-
ceeded in obtaining a general average of 85 per cent, in the test
examinations, they would be excused from taking at the final, and
if they succeeded in obtaining the above per cent, in each branch
studied, they would be promoted to the next higher grade in June
without further examinations. If a pupil found, after any test
examination, that it would be impossible to reach the 85 per cent, in
every branch, he would still be encouraged to study, knowing that
for each branch in which he reached the required per cent, he would
be excused from taking in June. The final examination was for
those that failed to reach the coveted 85 per cent, or fell below the
promotion average. This rule has been in force for two years and
«4 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
'has produced excellent results. By it a large per cent, of the pupils
have been induced to make careful preparation for each daily recita-
tion. The plan has lessened the work of the teachers as well as
saved the industrious pupils from needless worry and excitement
during the hottest part of the school year.
Departmental Plan of Teaching. — During the last three months of
the school year 1892-93 the departmental plan of teaching was parti-
ally introduced in the four higher grades. The experience obtained
in this brief period was sufficient to enable us to form a plan more
nearly perfect for the school year, of which this is a report. The
plan was extended so as to include the seven higher grades of our
twelve-years' course. So far as was possible the teachers were allowed
to make a choice of such subjects as they felt they could teach the
best, and then the same subjects were assigned them in two or more
grades. The teachers were thus enabled to concentrate their energies
upon two or three subjects, thus giving them an opportunity to
become thoroughly conversant with their chosen subjects and masters
of the most approved methods of teaching them.
All the classes prepared their lessons in the school chapel, a large
room capable of seating nearly 200 pupils. They were dismissed
from this room to the different class-rooms to recite. The number of
<3]as3es or grades in the chapel at any one period preparing their
lessons under the care of one or two teachers varied from two to four.
At this time permission to leave the room, get a drink, sharpen
pencils, &c., was granted to the pupils by the teacher or teachers in
charge. As a rule, after a class had entered the recitation-room no
pupil would be allowed to leave or enter the room during the recita-
tion period. Both class and teacher had nothing to do but to give
their entire time and attention to the subject being taught. With
but one or two exceptions pupils were not required to sit still longer
than twenty-three minutes at one time. The time consumed in chang-
ing classes was about two minutes. Change of position, change of work,
and change of teachers every twenty-five minutes is a relief to both
pupils and teachers from the monotony of a long, continuous session.
With the foregoing -named conditions good results were anticipated
and I rejoice to say were realized.
HAMMONTON. 95
HAMMONTON.
Rhyland E. Salisbury, Pkincipal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — In accordance with your request, I have the pleasure of sub-
mittiDg the following report of the condition of the schools in Ham-
monton for the year ending June 30th, 1894 :
Attendance. — Our schools are rapidly gaining in number of pupils
4ind regularity of attendance. Shortly after opening, last September,
it was found necessary to rent a building at Rosedale. This was
done, and at the middle of the third month of the year, a new school
was opened there. The new Central school building is already prov-
ing too small for our needs.
The total registration for the year is 674, an increase of 97 over
last year. The record of number of days present shows a gain of
8,265, while the record of the number on roll is only 7,346 more
than last year, consequently the per cent, of attendance is 2J more
this year. The times tardy have decreased 1,063 in the same time.
Teachers. — Two additional teachers have been employed, making
thirteen in the corps, of whom five are normal graduates.
The board of education has continued the wise and liberal policy
of past years, securing good service at a material advance in wages.
Curriculum. — The course of study remains the same as at my last
report ; another year of high school work has been finished, and next
year will see the Juniors enter upon their legitimate work.
The investigating, studious habit is being developed by the pupils,
and, as always, along with it, a very commendable spirit of class
pride and emulation.
General. — On the whole, the gains this year, while they are not so
■extensive as was hoped at its beginning, are yet very material and
perceptible. These gains are apparent in nearly all lines of work.
The only really discouraging feature is that there is still too little
willingness for patient investigation and independent thought, the
pupils having come to regard it almost as an unalterable fact that, if
the result sought is not immediately attainable, the attainment of that
result is beyond their possibilities.
However, the teachers, without exception, are not despondent,
believing that the desired end is sure to be reached, and that ere long.
A kindergarten will undoubtedly be established next year. Aside
from this the changes will be few and unimportant.
96 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
HOBOKEN.
D. E. Rue, Superintendent.
To Addison B, Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — The annual report of the public schools of the city of
Hoboken is herewith respectfully submitted.
One of the most serious problems that has confronted those
entrusted with the management of public education in this city has
been for past years overcrowding in the schools. I have had occasion
in all of my later reports to speak of the inadequacy of school
accommodations. The past school year has brought no relief in that
respect ; on the contrary, at the opening of the schools in September,.
1893, the board of education not only were called upon to provide
for the usual annual increase, but also for hundreds of children from
the Catholic parochial school. The late Father Corrigan had only a
few months before completed a large and handsome building for the
school, capable of accommodating 1,500 children, when lack of funds-
made the closing of the school imperative.
Of that number, all who applied for admission to the public schools
were received, but the classes were greatly overcrowded; grades could
not be maintained, and the teachers suffered from overwork. In
some of the schools it was found necessary to divide the lower classes,
and to hold sessions a half-day in length for each division. To relieve
the strain, the armory-room in the city ball was fitted up for school
purposes, and still continues to be so used. Three hundred children
are thus provided for. It is to be hoped that a similar experience
will not arise again in the history of our schools, and that we will
soon find relief for our present condition in the erection of a new
school building in the lower part of the city.
Co-education, which has heretofore been limited to the high school
and grammar classes, will shortly be extended to the primary classes.
This change will afford opportunity for improved grading in the
latter. The system has produced good results in the past, and there
is no reason to believe that its extension to the lower grades will not
be beneficial in like manner.
Since my last report, the teachers and principals have formed an
organization known as the " Teachers' Mutual Aid Association of
the City of Hoboken, N. J." Its objects may be sufficiently col-
HOBOKEN. 97
lected from its name, and as stated in its constitution, are : 1, Edu-
cational ; 2, Social ; 3, Benevolent. This association should work
good to the schools, if only in the promotion of a closer fraternal
feeling among the teachers. Preparations are now being made for a
large fair to be held for the benefit of the association.
Another association lately formed is that of the Principals' Asso-
ciation. It is composed of the principals of the high school, grammar
and primary schools.
Meetings are held monthly, at which all matters relating to the ad-
vancement and efficiency of school methods and management, are
discussed.
The board of education, in accordance with the State law regarding
instruction in physiology and hygiene, has adopted as text-books,
Blaisdell's " Our Bodies " and " How We Live," for use in the first,
second, third and fourth grades, and "No. 1, Health for Little
Polks," and "No. 2, Lessons in Hygiene," for use in all grades be-
low the fourth. Although instruction has been given orally in physi-
ology and hygiene for years past, text books have not been employed
in the grammar and primary classes. Their introduction will greatly
facilitate the work of the teachers in these subjects.
The new manual of the board of education, now in course of
preparation, will soon take the place of the old one.
Among other changes, the course of study will be revised, with a
view to making it more practicable. The aim will be to decrease the
bad results heretofore consequent upon a pupil's leaving sshool before
completing the course. Promotions from class to class will be
regulated by the pupils' class work for the term, and such examina-
tions as the principals may, from time to time, conduct. Examina-
tions for promotion at the end of a term, will be held only in those
cases where pupils have failed to make a creditable record during the
term.
The evening school and normal school continue important parts of
our school system. Their organization is the same as set forth in my
former reports. The attendance in both schools was unusually large
during the past year.
The commencement of the high school was held in the opera-house^
on June 26th, 1894. The character of the exercises, and the large
audience, testified to the success of the school as re-organized. The
commercial classes, as anticipated, have already drawn an increased
attendance of young men.
The school has received a commission from the State, enabling its
graduates to enter upon the professional course in the State Normal
School at Trenton without examinations.
An encouragement is thus given to graduates to continue their
studies. The efficiency of the high school has been further increased
by the introduction of new text-books and scientific apparatus.
All the public school buildings in this city are now connected by
98 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
telephones, with the board-room in School No. 1. The superintending
principal is thereby put in direct comaiuoication with all the schools.
The telephone service makes itself especially acceptable in the assign-
ment of monitresses.
Industrial education remains unchanged, and its details will be set
forth in a special report.
In Memoriam. — For the second time in the past twenty-five years,
it has devolved upon me to report the death of a member of the
board of education.
Mr. John Reld's sudden death was a shock to his many friends,
and to the community that he had so long and faithfully served.
For nearly a score of years, his name had been more closely identi-
fied with the public schools of this city than that of any other citizen.
His sagacity and integrity, combined with his long experience in
school aflfairs as trustee, made his death a direct loss to the educational
interests of this city.
Suitable resolutions were parsed by the board of education, and the
schools were closed on the day of his funeral.
JERSEY CITY.
Henry Snyder, City Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Sir — Although the statistics which follow appear elsewhere in
your reportj the comparison made will be interesting :
1892-93. 1893-94. Increase
Total number of pupils enrolled 23,441 26,452 3,011
Number of pupils neither absent nor tardy... 655 840 185
Average number on roll 17,115 18,790 1,675
Average daily attendance 15,693 17,351 1,658
Number of pupils in primary department. .. . 17,374 19,560 2,186
Number of pupils in grammar department... 5,445 6,190 755
Number of pupils in high school 622 702 80
The large increase shown above is easily explained by the rapidly-
increasing population of the city, and indicates clearly and strongly
the great difficulty under which the board of ^education is laboring in
JERSEY CITY. 99
its efforts to furnish suitable accommodations for the pupils. It was
^oped at the time of the enactment of the new city charter that the
provision which requires one-quarter of the license moneys to be
devoted to the erection of schools would enable our school accomoda-
tions to keep pace with the increase in the number of pupils. This
hope has, however, not been realized, and our most urgent need is
tstill more schools. It is possible that a plan will be adopted in
the near future which will supply additional school facilities more
rapidly.
Last January, School No. 25, in the Fourth district, which
accommodates over 1,000 pupils, was opened. It is already filled.
A sixteen-room building in the Woodlawn section will soon be
ready for occupany. Every effort was made by the board of street
and water commissioners, which has charge of the erection of school
'buildings, and the board of education to secure a building of the
most approved type. The building is therefore excellent in every
'respect.
The class-rooms are on two floors, and a large assembly-room on
4he third. The rooms are large, well lighted and well ventilated.
The sanitary features of the building are particularly commendable.
It should be noted that while there has been a large increase in the
number of pupils enrolled, the attendance has also improved, as is
indicated by the percentage of attendance, which for last year was .92,
and is for the past year .923. There has also been a commendable
■decrease in the amount of tardiness.
The method of promotion adopted last year and outlined in the
-report for that year, is still successful. It seems to possess all the
advantages which are claimed for it. It is likely that experience
will enable us to simplify promotion still more.
In four schools " departmental " instruction has been under trial
•during the past year. In two schools it was in operation in the
entire grammar department, in one in the five highest grades, and in
the fourth in the four highest grades. In three schools the teachers
conducted recitations in their own class-rooms, while the pupils
passed from room to room. In the other the teachers changed. The
plan was thus tried in all its phases.
It is doubtful if a year's experience is sufficient to establish any
conclusions which may be drawn from it. It should be noticed, how-
ever, that all who observed the work done agreed that " as the atten-
tion of the teachers was concentrated, their preparation for the work
of teaching was better. The methods employed were consequently
•more thorough and the teaching more effective. This has generally
led to a greater interest in the studies, both on the part of teacher
and pupil, which after all is the most potent incentive to thorough work.
It should be said that the system was introduced into the schools
mentioned under favorable circumstances and that much of its success
dhus far is due to the enthusiasm of the principals. Although the
100 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
same enthusiasm is very generally manifested by the teachers an^
pupils, it cannot be asserted that it would meet with the same success
if it were introduced into all schools of the city."
The high and training schools continue to do efficient work. The
teachers' course has been lengthened by requiring those who intend
to become teachers to enter upon special studies in the middle of the
third year of the high school instead of the beginning of the fourth
year, as heretofore. In the third grade, Baker's Psychology and
Spencer's Education are used as text-books. In the second grade
the pupils use Compayre's History of Education as a text-book, and
read collaterally Rousseau's Emile, Pestalozzi's Leonard and Ger~
trude, and Froebel's Education of Man. In the first grade the text
books are Rosmini's Methods and White's Pedagogy. The collateral
reading includes Rosenkraoz's Philosophy of Education, Bain's
Education as a Science, and Fitch's Lectures. The teacher is now
required to devote two and a half years — a year and a half in the
high school and one year in the training school — to special prepara-
tion for her work.
During the past year 93 were graduated from the high school, 34-
in January and 59 in June. Sixty-four of the graduates from the
high school took the four-years' course, and 29 the commercial or
two-years' course.
Last winter seven evening schools were maintained. The scope of
these schools was enlarged by the establishment of a central evening
school, in which, besides advanced English and arithmetic, steno-
graphy, bookkeeping and mechanical drawing were taught. The
large attendance and the interest displayed by the pupils proved con-
clusively the need of such a school. The other schools were also very
successful. Their work was rendered more efficient by the adoption
of a regular course of study, and the application to them, as far as
possible, of the administration regulations of the day schools.
The schools have not, as a rule, during the past year, availed them-
selves of the law which is designed to encourage the maintenance of
school libraries. This does not indicate a decrease in the amount of
reading done, nor a want of belief in its efficacy, but is due to the
very liberal privileges which the trustees of the public library accord
to the teachers and pupils of the schools. Not only are teachers and
pupils over twelve years of age allowed to use the books of the
library freely, but teachers are permitted to take out six books, relat-
ing to their work, at one time. The liberality of the trustees has
stimulated reading immensely. In addition to the privileges men-
tioned, the board has purchased, for the exclusive use of the pupils
of the schools, a number of sets of books adapted in style and matter to
the age of the pupils. These sets, each of which contains from thirty-
six to forty-eight volumes, are sent to the schools, where each set is
retained for a month. An exchange is then made. It is thus possible
for each grade to read ten different books in a year. That this plaa
JERSEY CITY— Continued. 101
5ias been of great advantage to the schools in a number of ways can
a-eadily be seen. The following books are thus distributed and read :
Titlea. No. of copiea
1 . Goldsmith's « Vicar of Wakefield," 36
2. Lamb's " Shakespeare's Tales," 36
3. Irving's " Sketch Book," 36
4. Hale's "Arabian Nights," 36
5. Burroughs' " Birds and Bees," 42
6. Hawthorne's " True Stories of N. E. Hifetory," 42
7. Hawthorne's " Wonder Book," 42
8. Johonnet's "Ten Great Events of History,".. 36
^. Johonnet's "Stories of Our Country," 42
1 0. Francillon's " Gods and Heroes," 36
11. Andersen's Fairy Tales, 1 48
12. Andersen's Fairy Tales, 2 48
13. Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe," 48
14. .Esop's Fable? 48
15. Grimm's Fairy Tales 36
16. Sewell's " Black Beauty," 48
17. " Swiss Family Robinson," 48
18. Andrews' " Seven Little Sisters," 48
19. Scudder's "Fables and Folk Stories," 48
20. Andrews' " Each and All," 48
21. " Glimpses of Europe," 50
22. " The American Tropics," 50
23. " Sketches of the Orient," 50
24. "Old Ocean," 50
The county institute was held last winter in this city. That this
institution has many possible advantages to teachers and hence to the
schools was made clear in your report of last year. And yet, I regret
to say, they are largely as yet theoretical so far as this city is con-
cerned, and the criticisms passed upon the institute by teachers and
citizens are not entirely without justification. These criticisms are
not, so far as I have observed, provoked by the organization of the
institute or the manner in which it has been conducted. On the
other hand, I confidently believe that the opinion generally prevails
among the well-informed that as efficient an institute has been pro-
vided as means permitted. But they are aimed at the results, which
it must be confessed have been inadequate. This is easily accounted
for when the small sum appropriated for the purpose and the large
number of teachers in the county, nearly 1,000, are considered. I
therefore heartily indorse your recommendation that the appropria-
tion be increased. While the sum recommended, $150, may be
sufficient for the smaller counties, it will not be large enough to make
the institute in this county sufficiently profitable. I would suggest
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102 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
that $150 be made the minimum, and that for the counties containing-
a large number of teachers the sum appropriated be proportionate to
the number of teachers in the county. It has been customary, an^
indeed necessary, for the teachers of this county to meet in a single
body. The institute has thus been too large for efficient work. If
the appropriation is sufficiently increased it will be possible to divide
the teachers into sections, a plan which I hope you will find it pos-
sible to use, at least to some extent, during the coming winter. I
recognize the fact that suggestions concerning the county institute
belong more properly to the county superintendent, and yet hope that
I will not be considered as trespassing upon his domain in making
them. I am only anxious that the teachers of this city shall derive
as much profit as possible from what I consider one of the most
efficient aids to improvement in teaching.
In conclusion I gladly testify to the earnest, faithful and efficient
work which the teachers of the city have performed during the past
year. The professional zeal which is manifested leads me to believe
that the coming year will produce even more successful results.
KEYPORT.
S. V. Arrowsmith, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, Slate Superintendent :
Sir — In consequence of our overcrowded condition and limited^
teaching force, we have been unable to add any noticeable features
to our work during the past year. While our course of study remains
practically unchanged, it is each year so modified in its details as to
keep in line with the most rational demands of educational progresSy.
or such of them as we can successfully accomplish with our limited
facilities.
I have not yet succeeded in adopting a detailed line of work' so
complete or satisfactory that I have cared to insist upon the same
order of development for a succession of years.
I notice that our teachers are growing more independent of the
text- book, and that the pupils are exhibiting a greater range of
intelligence and observation in the same proportion that the teacher
becomes expert and alert in drawing from more generous and prolific
sources of instruction.
KEYPORT. 103
Our object has always been to form a connecting link in the chain
of the State's free school system. Last year one of our graduates
entered the scientific course at Rutgers College on a State scholarship.
Five others had previously been admitted to the same course with no
other preparation than that received in our regular course.
Our constant aim is the cultivation of the observation and develop-
ment of the reasoning faculties, rather than the memory, which, how-
ever, comes in for its share of exercise in the frequent and systematic
review of fundamental principles, while regular class drills test the
efficiency of the pupils in practical work and furnish a record upon
which promotions largely depend.
In the lowest class a modified kindergarten method is employed,
the object being to train the powers of observation, comparison and
expression.
Objects are used in teaching the fundamental principles of arith-
metic. In the second and third years the tables of United States
money, linear measure, as far as rods, avoirdupois weight, dry measure
and liquid measure are developed by having the pupils themselves
prove and formulate the tables. The same method, as far as possible,
being employed throughout the entire course.
Geography is introduced without the use of the text-book in the
third year. In the fourth year an attractive pictorial geography is
put into the hands of the pupils, and u?ed principally as a supple-
mentary reader. In the fifth year especial attention is paid to local
geography and history, including that of the State ; Swinton's New
Primary History being used as a supplementary reader. In the sixth
grade, with the exception of review of previous work, the work in
geography is devoted entirely to the study of the United States, in
connection with Barnes' Primary History. Extensive practice is had
in map- drawing, without the use of diagrams. Whatever section is
the subject of study is sketched rapidly upon the blackboards by the
pupils at each recitation, thus familiarizing them with the general
outline, position, comparative area, physical features, products, &c.
By this means, also, is laid the foundation for what we have found to
be the most successful method of presenting history, to wit, the
graphic method. By having a ready and well-defined conception of
the geography of the country, the pupils reprefent, by a series of
drawings, the growth of the nation and the development of civiliza-
tion. Whatever topic or section is the subject of the recitation is
represented by a rapid sketch upon the board, which is afterwards
more carefully reproduced upon uniform paper by each pupil, with a
brief descriptive story in the pupil's own language.
By this means, while the history of the country is made more
comprehensible, the essential features of geography are also kept
before the minds of the pupils, and constant practice is afforded for
the careful and intelligent expression of thought in language as well.
The room is supplied with copies of almost every standard United
104 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
States history that is published, which are freely circulated among
the claes. As a result the recitation abounds in variety and interest
in historic fact, and tends to promote easy and unrestrained forms of
expression in the pupil.
Great interest is taken in the neat reproduction of the lessons upon
uniform paper, which work is done principally outside of the regular
school hours ; and at the end of the year each pupil has, as the result
of his own careful work, a complete and comprehensive graphic
history of the United States, of which he is justly proud.
We trust that in the near future our community will fall in line
with the more advanced ideas in educational reform and generously
provide us with a sufficient force of teachers to reduce our annual
enrollment in our primary and intermediate grades from seventy or
over to about half that number.
LONG BRANCH.
Christopher Gregory, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — I have the honor to submit the following report of the
schools of Long Branch, Monmouth county :
No great change has taken place in our schools since my last report.
They have advanced along the lines heretofore followed without
attempt, for reasons stated below, to introduce new branches of study.
Manual training and a high school business course are under discus-
sion, and, in the not distant future, will form parts of our curriculum.
It is thought better to postpone their introduction rather than to
place them in the course without giving them, from the beginning,
their proper importance.
The number of buildings is the same. During the summer of
1893, the Garfield Avenue primary school was enlarged by an addi-
tion of eight rooms, making it a fourteen-room building. Twelve of
the rooms were ready for use on the completion of the addition. The
light is too dim for school purposes in the remaining two. A light-
shaft or some other device will be employed to give additional
illumination before the rooms are used. Each of the new rooms is
25 by 30 feet ; the light is ample and the woodwork and finish of
LONG BRANCH. 105
the rooms give them a bright, cheerful appearance. All the available
wall space is covered with slate blackboard, and the furniture is of
the single-desk pattern. The corridors and staircases are broad,
aflPording plenty of room for the quick movement of classes. A system
of electric bells is used for signaling, and a system of speaking tubes
enables the head teacher to communicate with any room in the build-
ing. Play-rooms comfortably warmed are provided in the basement.
While the addition was being erected, the opportunity was taken to
introduce into the old part as well as the new, the Smead system of
warming and ventilating, and dry closets. This school-house, from
having been the worst lighted, worst ventilated, and least com-
modious in the district, has been transformed into one of the best.
There are now in the various buildings accommodations for 2,500
■children, the provision being seemingly in advance of the demand.
Really it is so only in the most of the district. The southern end of
the district is still poorly provided for. A brick school-house, large
enough to satisfy for years to come all the demands of that end of
the district, will soon be put up.
The total enrollment for the year was 2,196, an increase of 8. It
is not likely that there will be any great increase in the enrollment
for some years, as nearly 85 per cent, of the names on the census list
already appear on the rolls; 1,346 were enrolled in the primary
grades, 707 in the grammar, and 143 in the high school. The average
enrollment was 1,696, a gain of 39 ; the average attendance was
1,540, a gain of 47. Theee figures indicate that a greater proportion
of our children remained in school and thus mean decided pro-
gress. The percentage of attendance was 91. The fact that so large
a proportion of the children of the district attend public schools,
while most gratifying as showing the confidence that the people have
in the schools, has prevented the extension of school work in some
directions desired by the board. To take care of so many children
in a district of this size and to make the provision necessary for the
course of study indicated in last year's report, has necessitated an
unusually large appropriation for salaries, school buildings, appa-
ratus, &c. But, as stated above, I think the time has come when
the demand for facilities equal to any is loud enough to justify the
school authorities in heeding it.
The high school enrolled 143 the past year as against 127 the pre-
ceeding year. The graduating class numbered 33, 10 more than any
previous class. Eight of this class entered the State Normal School
and three entered Princeton College.
The average for tardiness is fourteen. Our district being eight
miles long and three broad, with a centrally-located high and gram-
mar school, to reduce the tardy list has not been an easy task. We
are making steady progress, though a few favored localities obtain
better results. It is but a few years ago, when, with an attendance of
1,100, our cases of tardiness were nearly four times as many as now.
106 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Special attention was given to geography and penmanship during;
the past year. It is a long time since geography was with us " com-
mitting to memory a mass of curiously- uninteresting and unimportant
facts," but last year we parted with the old method completely, and
struck out for ourselves a new line. Little change was made in the
primary course. The modifications were chiefly in the more definite
specification of what was required, and a more definite and decided'
eifort to place the study in its proper relation to the others pursued.
Nature work, as formerly, was assigned the first years ; to this was
added, in the latter part of the primary course, the task of making
the children's fundamental geographical concepts broad enough and
clear enough to prepare them for the future more systematic study of
geography. Success consisted in opening the children's eyes to see
what goes on in the natural world around them, and in unloosing and
training their tongues to tell what was seen. Every primary class
was supplied with a large moulding- table lined with galvanized iron.
The relief- map was made the basis of all study in the grammar
classes, each of which was furnished with a moulding-board so large-
that a relief- map moulded on it could be seen in any part of the
room. At the beginning of the study of any grand division or
country, a relief- map of it is made on the board, and takes a promi-
nent place in the study, formerly held by the outline-map. The
relief- map remains on the board until the subject it represents has
been finished. The physical, the commercial, the historical, the
political geography are successively discussed, a strong emphasis being'
placed on the relations existing among them. The grand division or
country is studied as a unit, that is, the various departments of
geography are carefully co-ordinated. While one department is al-
ways predominant, the facts of that department are treated as the
causes or effects of something studied or to be studied in the other
departments, so that while physical facts are first taken up, frequent
reference is made from these to those of political geography, though'
this department may not be reached for weeks ; when it is reached;
constant reference is made to its relation to other departments already
treated. The pupil is expected to read a relief-map, and thereby
exercise his judgment and his reason. The other apparatus of outline-
maps, material for charts, globes, &c., are liberally supplied to the-
classes. Graphic representation is made much of. Pictures are col-
lected in large numbers, and are of greatest use in adding the element
of reality to the children's concepts.
We have vigorously pushed the " natural movement " system of
penmanship and have discovered once more that there is no royal or
short road to the acquisition of a good handwriting. Much progress
was made, but we have not yet succeeded in making the nexus between
the system of writing which the pupil is taught and the writing he
does in his ordinary exercises. This is to be our labor for the coming,
year. Good writing, that is, clear, legible writing, can be obtained
LONG BRANCH— Continued. lOT
from more pupils in a given class and in the same time by teaching-
the arm movement than when the finger movement is allowed..
"When, in some classes, by close watching all the pupils were obliged
to use the arm movement in any exercise, not a poorly -written paper
was handed in. In the case of the very poor writers, the " thorn in
the flesh " of the earnest teacher, the improvement over the best work
that the same pupils could do with the finger movement, was so
remarkable as to be the subject of general comment among the
teachers. Our aim is to make " natural movement " writing the
writing of the pupils and to use as a test of success and basis of
marking, the writing in the routine school work.
There have been in the employ of the board during the past year
forty- three teachers. Three of these were college graduates, twenty-
nine graduates of normal schools, one a graduate of Pratt Institute,
and one of the Boston School of Expression. The plan of teachers^'
meetings as given in the last report was continued. Provision is made
by the board to allow teachers to visit other schools.
About one hundred books were added to the school library last year.
The pupils of the high school have the privilege of getting books
from the library once a week. Each department teacher is allowed
to take to his or her room any number of books relating to the sub-
ject he or she teaches. These are issued to the high school pupils-
whenever any desire for them is aroused. The teachers of the other
classes take from the library to their rooms as many books as they
care to and can find suited to the needs of their pupils. These books
are issued to the pupils whenever they wish to have them. As far as
possible the teacher, in all her relations with her pupils, endeavors to
stimulate the desire to read and to cultivate a taste for better and
better reading material. The easier it is for a pupil to get books
when he happens to want them, the easier it is for the teacher to
succeed in the first-named object. One thing necessary to success in
the second object is a knowledge on the part of the teacher of the
books in her room. The preparation of an elaborately-annotated and
carefully-graded catalogue has been begun with the purpose of aiding
the teacher in the last- mentioned matter. Graded topical catalogues,
are to be formed from the general one. This work we hope to com-
plete the coming year.
108 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
MILLVILLE.
E. C. Stokes, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — In submitting my report upon the condition of the schools
of the city of Millville for the year ending June 30th, 1894, I offer
the following :
The total number of our schools is 13
The total number of teachers is 45
High school instructors number 2
Those engaged in primary work, first to third grades inclusive... 26
Those engaged in intermediate work, fourth to sixth grades in-
clusive 21
Those engaged in grammar work, seventh and eighth grades 5
The number of teachers by classification excels the total number,
from the fact that teachers working in more than one grade are dupli-
•cated in the summary by grades. The large proportion of instructors
in the primary grades, as compared with those in the higher branches,
reveals one phase of school life, especially noticeable in industrial
communities — the fact that so many scholars leave school at a time
when they are just beginning their education. This depletion of the
ranks of the pupil-army — the fault of a civilization that tolerates
child-labor rather than of any school system — can be remedied to no
little extent by making education popular in the community and
making the lack of it a mark of opprobrium. To bring about this
result public interest must be awakened and maintained in school
affairs. In our own city, a high school alumni association, an athletic
association, a literary society and a dramatic association, with their
attendant entertainments and crowded halls, have contributed in no
small degree to this end. Popular enthusiasm, in our experience,
has proved to be an important factor in stimulating the ambition oiF
our pupils. And attention is called to the fact that though the rooms
assigned to the higher grades are few in number as compared with
the lees-advanced departments, yet these are now crowded where
formerly they contained many empty seats.
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Attendance and Discipline. — The board of education has recently
adopted the following regulation in reference to examinations : All
pupils who receive an average of 90 or more on the basis of 100
shall be promoted without examination, provided this rule shall not
apply to the primary departments. This regulation has had a marked
effect upon deportment and attendance. The scholars are much more
easily controlled when confronted by the fact that any violation of
the rules will result in a cutting down of the cherished average. The
attendance has improved for the same reason. In fact the " absences "
have decreased from 33|^ to even 60 per cent. I hope next year to
give you a report upon the result of this system in other respects.
Teachers' Meetings. — Throughout our city, similar grades are
taught in the different schools. We aim to have the teachers in
these grades engaged in the same work at the same time. At our
teachers' meetings, the work of the several instructors is compared,
one with the other, the comparison being made by the teachers them-
selves and recorded by the superintendent. This system enables us to
find the average work possible with different teachers and different
scholars, and we prefer it to the arbitrary assignment of lessons by
the superintendent. It is more flexible and adaptable and less auto-
matical. The experiences of the teachers, the difficulties they
encounter and the remedies they suggest are among the themes of
discussion at their gatherings. One great source of instruction ha&
been the practical and highly-interesting talks that have been given
us by the teachers of the State Normal School. We are greatly
indebted to Dr. J. M. Green and several of the members of his able
corps for courtesies in this direction.
Among the evidences of improvement in school work are improved
school buildings, and in this respect we challenge the attention of
our sister cities. Our new high school is one of the most ornate as
well as one of the best-appointed school buildings in this part of the
State. It has the advantage of light on all sides, as it stands quite
apart from surrounding buildings, and the plan is such as to admit
of an extension at the rear of ample size to meet all future wants.
The size is 71 feet facing the street and 75 feet 4 inches in depth..
It is two stories in height, with basement below utilized for labora-
tory and manual training work, and loft above with tower or belfry^
surmounting the front. The materials used are Trenton stone for
base and red brick, made by hydraulic pressure, for superstructure.
Moulded brick of the same make constitute the trim of band- courses
and ornament around windows. The cornice, as a protection against
fire, is of metal, while the roofing is of slate and tin. The first floor
contains two class-rooms, 27 feet 3| inches by 25 feet 2 inches each,^
with ample coat-rooms, having hall and class-room exits and entrances
and storage closets. The assembly-room, with a bay window at each
end of the same, is on this floor. This room, 30 feet wide and 68
feet long, is at the terminus of the main hall, which is 10 feet &
110 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
iDches wide, and the T part of this same hall contains the two stair-
ways and forms the side entrances to the building. On the floor
above are located four class-rooms of sizes before described and a
superintendent's room and library. The loft space can be used for
gymnasium and the roof-deck is inclosed with railing for the purpose
of astronomical study. The building is heated by four Magee
furnaces — a combination of hot air and hot water. Air-ducts convey
fresh air from the outside of the building to the heaters, where it is
warmed and rises into the class-rooms. These air- feeding ducts, four
in number, supply fresh air continuously and are so arranged as to
provide for all changes and variations in wind, and are so connected
with the heating furnaces that two or even one can be utilized in
moderate weather at a saving of fuel and labor. Ventilation is pro-
vided by means of suction- drafts through stacks adjoining the
chimneys. The entire cost of the heating plant was $1,569, and the
cost of the building, including heating, as near as can be computed at
this writing, is $29,000.
MONTCLAIR.
Randall Spaulding, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — No new buildings have been erected during the year. Two
additional rooms were finished off on the third floor of the Chestnut
Street school. The new high school building, which was first occu-
pied in Steptember, 1893, still has two unused rooms, which will
provide for future growth in population. The system of heating and
ventilating in this building is fairly satisfactory. The same may be
said of the same system in the primary and grammar buildings of the
Central school, although certain rooms are managed with more diffi-
culty than would have been the case if the system had been introduced
at the time of the erection of the building. The buildings are heated
by steam, with indirect radiation. The ventilation is effected by a
large driving- fan in the fresh-air chamber in the basement. The Mt.
Hebron school is heated with furnaces and ventilated on the auto-
matic plan. The system of ventilation has not yet proved to be
successful. The Chestnut Street and Cedar Avenue schools are well-
MONTCLAIR. Ill
*3ieated and fairly well ventilated on the automatic plan. The Wash-
ington school, which came under the present town supervision last
May, is not properly ventilated. Steps will be taken immediately,
however, to remedy this condition.
The course of study has been modified in certain particulars. A
■course in literature has been organized, extending from the first to
the eighth grades inclusive. This course requires the narration of
stories and the reading of selections from the best literature of all
ages. The children are made familiar with the chronology of literary
epochs, such as the myth-making age, age of Homer, age of Virgil,
age of Chivalry, &c. Much of this work has been done in years
past, but during the past year it has been taken up in a more system-
atic manner, and has awakened new interest in both teachers and
pupils.
The schools are now so well supplied with sets of books that are
valuable for literary quality that we are able to dispense entirely with
the old-fashioned reading- book that is made up of excerpts.
The work in vocal music by the tonic sol-fa, and later, the staff
methods, has been improved and carefully systematized.
Inventional geometry, based upon the use of instruments, is now
taught in the eighth grade and continued in the ninth.
Simple algebraic principles are also taught in the last grade of the
.grammar department, and before the arithmetic is finished.
In the high school two and a half years are now given to Greek
and German instead of two years, as formerly.
Seven more class teachers are employed this year than last year,
viz., fifty-three. The number of special teachers, viz., seven, is the
same as last year.
A high school " camera club " has been organized during the pres-
ent year. The members are instructed by the science teacher, and are
permitted to use necessary apparatus in the physical and chemical
laboratories, also to develop photographic plates in the dark-room
that belongs to the school.
Increased attention is given to the cultivation of patriotism. One
period on one Friday afternoon of each month is devoted in each class
to exercises of a patriotic character, such as reading of selections, reci-
tations, singing of national songs and discussion of suitable topics.
A scheme of flag days has been made out. On each flag day the flags
are kept flying, and all the pupils are instructed by their teachers in
regard to the significance of raising the flag upon that particular day.
Such days have been selected as Evacuation day, landing of the
Pilgrims, surrender of Cornwallis and many others.
Another means of interesting the children in the public welfare
should be mentioned. The ladies of the town have organized an
efficient " town-improvement association." In connection with this a
*' children's auxiliary " has been organized, and a very large majority
of the children of the town have joined this organization. In becom-
112 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
ing members of this auxiliary the children pledge themselves to
refrain from throwing refuse of any kind about the buildiogs or
along the street, and to do what they can to keep the town in a cleaik
and tidy condition.
MORRISTOWN.
W. L. R. Haven, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — There has been no material change in our school organization
or method of working, to require any lengthy comment beyond the
statistical report already forwarded.
Our numbers, as shown in the report, have increased steadily but
not so rapidly as in the manufacturing towns. We have suffi-
cient seating capacity to accommodate the number enrolled without
crowding.
The past year has been a prosperous one. The results show that
earnest and efficient work has been done by teachers and pupils.
It is gratifying to find that the number of children who remain to
take the work of the high school, or some part of it, is steadily in-
creasing. In this department we are giving much more attention
than formerly to the study of literature, with the purpose, especially,
of cultivating a taste for good and wholesome reading. Many of our
pupils are doing very satisfactory work in this direction, and are
reading with great interest the writings of standard authors. With
the same purpose in mind we have discarded very largely in all grades
the reading- books which contain only short selections, and are using
in their place the excellent books of which there are so many adapted
to the different grades, written by well-known and standard authors.
I have a growing conviction that we are not doing all we should or
might do to fortify our scholars against the flood of light, trashy and
harmful literature which is found on every hand, by giving them
eaiJy a taste for better things.
We are modifying our course of study for the lower grades and
shall introduce, as we are able, more nature study, and shall try to
profit somewhat by the report of the committee of ten and enrich the
studies of the grammar grades.
The burning question with us at present is how to arrange our
MOUNT HOLLY. 113
classes so that, without unduly increasing their number, we may do
justice to the pupils who have bright, active minds and equal justice
to those whose minds work more slowly. How are we practically to
combine individual teaching with class teaching so that all shall have
the proper stimulus and encouragement, and each be allowed to work
just as far as his ability will warrant and not feel disgraced or dis-
heartened if he works no farther ?
MOUNT HOLLY.
Charles D. Raine, Supervising Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — I respectfully submit the following report of the public
high and graded schools of Mount Holly, for the year 1893-94 :
In March, the new school building described in my last report
was completed and occupied. During its erection, ten divisions of
our schools were quartered in a large dwelling-house. Here we were
so cramped for room, that in several divisions it became necessary to
have part of the pupils in the morning and the remainder in the
afternoon. This fact, together with the poor accommodations in
general, interfered somewhat with the work of the schools. How-
ever, substantial progress was made and good results were obtained.
Attendance. — The attendance in the entire eighteen divisions was
excellent, the percentage for the year being 92.
School Exhibit. — At the close of the school year, there was
arranged in the room of each division an exhibit of the every-day
work of the pupils belonging to that grade. This consisted principally
of kindergarten work, language, and art instruction.
On the last day of school, the parents of the children and other
interested citizens, in large numbers, visited the buildings and
expressed themselves as being well pleased with the exhibit.
Graduates. — There were nine graduates from the high school, and
the commencement exercises, held in the opera-house Thursday even-
ing, June 14th, were so largely attended that the seating capacity
was overtaxed.
A valuable silver medal, the gift of Judge Sims, of the Court of
Errors and Appeals, a citizen and former member of the board of
education, was presented to the best pupil.
114 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Knowledge of the proffered gift was purposely withheld from the
pupils until the moment of presentation, that it might prove to be
solely what it became — a reward of merit.
Mention is made of these matters that our citizens may receive
credit for the interest they are manifesting in the public schools of
our town.
Course of Instruction. — Though our course of instruction has
remained about the same as last year, special effort has been made in
language and art instruction with gratifying results.
Next year effort along the lines noted above will be continued,
and also particular attention will be given to reading in all the grades.
Text-Books and Supplies. — For a long time, text-books have been
furnished free to the pupils, and since 1882 other supplies and
appliances have been added from time to time, until at present our
schools are admirably equipped with necessary material.
Teaching Force. — When the new building was occupied, the
increased attendance made necessary the opening of a new division in
the fourth -year grade, and another in the first, thus enlarging our
teaching force by two teachers.
Our schools now comprise eleven grades, consisting of four one-
class divisions in the first year, two two-class divisions in each of the
second, third and fourth-year grades, and one two-class division in
each of the seven grades above.
Promotions. — Promotions are made regularly twice a year, in Jan-
uary and June, and specially at other times when the qualifications of
individual pupils warrant their advancement.
Fitness for promotion is determined by regular class work, the
estimate of the teaeher and carefully-arranged examinations.
Board of Education. — At the annual school meeting in the spring
our board was increased from three to five members, and since that
time, under the new Township law, it has been further increased
to nine.
This is the only way in which our public school matters are affected
by the new law. Mount Holly and Northampton township being
identical.
The Town. — Though a rather compactly-built and thriving town
of between five and six thousand inhabitants, with modern conveni-
ences, such as paved streets, gas, electric lights, water, sewerage, &c.,
and commendable fire and police protection, we are not incorporated.
Locally and in business parlance, we are Mount Holly ; legally, we
are Northampton township.
Remarks. — The continuous improvement in our schools during the
past twelve years has been made possible by the confidence, sympathy
and support given to the supervising principal and the teachers by
the old board of trustees, and, as it is not expected that the new
board of education will be any less generous and helpful, there is
hope for the future.
NEWARK. 115
NEWARK.
Wm. N. Barringer, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Sir — I hereby submit the following report of the public schools of
the city of Newark, for the year ending June 30th, 1894.
The public sentiment and progressive spirit of the friends of
■education in Newark are in no way abated ; on the contrary, the feel-
ing of deep interest in the welfare of its schools and the conviction
that they must be liberally supported are stronger than ever.
We are suffering under the same limitations that afflict almost every
large and rapidly-growing city — inability to furnish, for want of means,
the needed school accommodations. I consider this duty of supplying
adequate school-room facilities imperative. I wish to say that our
board of education has been prompt and energetic in utilizing to the
fullest extent all the means at its disposal.
The past year has been one of continued success notwithstanding
the prevalence of contagious diseases, which compelled a very rigid
enforcement of the sanitary requirements of the board in prohibiting
the attendance of children in any way exposed to contagion.
The discipline and government of the schools throughout all the
■classes and grades have decidedly improved. This is accounted for
through the higher intelligence and better professional training of the
teachers. Professional training never was deemed of so much im-
portance as now, and the teachers never more diligent in seeking for
find using opportunities for such training. The recognition of the
need for literary and professional culture is widespread and seems to
be a permanent conviction. We expect the future progress of our
schools to be more rapid and substantial than in the past.
I wish here to bear testimony to the faithful performance of duty
by the teachers. The superintendent has had the prompt and cheer-
ful co-operation of the principals and class teachers in all his efforts
to advance the interests of the schools of Newark.
The most important step taken in connection with the work of the
schools during the year was the preparation and adoption of a new
course of study. The attention of the board had been called several
(times by the superintendent during past years to the importance of
116 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
revising radically the course which had been in use for a long time..
These suggestions and recommendations were acted upon by the
appointment of a committee to consider and prepare such course for
presentation to the committee on text-books, course of study and
examinations, and by it to the board of education. After very full
and thorough consideration it was adopted and went into use at the
opening of the schools September last. Its influence was at once felt
by all the teachers and through them by all the classes. This influ-
ence was manifested by a general awakening of interest among
teachers and pupils. The ruling feature throughout the course is the
prominence given to the development and training of the individual
and observational powers of the child. The self-activity of the pupil
is constantly appealed to through the methods advocated.
Another feature is the introduction of nature study and subsequent
elementary science into all the grades. This proves to be a stimulus^
and a great help in teaching all the other subjects.
The re-arrangement of the work in physical culture and physiology
proves to be acceptable and helpful.
Algebra in connection with arithmetic now forms a part of the
eighth-year work.
The importance given to the fundamental operations in arithmetic
and the elementary conceptions of the pupils in all the subjects
pursued, is a feature worthy of note.
The course gives emphasis to the co-ordination of subjects in such
way that the pupil is much aided in mastering the work and the
saving of time.
It is the purpose of this course to enable the eighth-year classes to
compass the work now done in the first year in the high school. This
will relieve the high school and greatly improve the grammar schools^
The course is divided into two parts. Ihe first consists of sugges-
tions and recommendations for the use of teachers who may desire or
need such aid. The second is the course proper and gives the mini-
mum amount of work required. This course is by no means above
criticism. It is now under test, and when amendments or modifica-
tions are found desirable they will be promptly made.
School Accommodations. — The number of buildings now in use is
50 ; 40 owned by the city, 10 rented. These buildings contain 495
class-rooms, with a seating capacity of about 26,709.
Enrollment.
Males. Females. Total.
Day schools 14,471 14,574 29,045
Evening schools 3,214 1,023 4,237
Total 17,685 15,597 33,282.
NEWARK— Continued. 117
Increase in day schools 1,684
Increase in evening schools 995
Total increase 2,679
The following shows the number and distribution of the teachers
in the employ of the board :
Male. Female. Total.
Normal and training school, normal department... 12 3
High school 9 17 26
<jrrammar schools 16 115 131
Primary schools 7 323 330
Industrial schools 6 6
Colored school 13 4
-Special teachers 13 4
Total 35 469 504
June, 1893 35 441 476
Increase 28 28
High School. — The number of applicants was 769 ; girls, 402 ;
fcoys, 367 ; an increase of 62 over previous year.
The number graduated from the grammar schools, 686 ; girls, 369 ;
"boys, 317 ; an increase of 70 over last year.
Of the number graduated, 255 were admitted by honorary gradu-
«,tion; girls, 164; boys, 91; an increase of 20 over last year, and
431 by examination; girls, 205; boys, 226; an increase of 49 over
last year.
Evening Schools. — These are continued from year to year, the term
covering five months, from October 1st to March 1st. They form a
permanent department of the public school course in Newark. Their
success, while not all we desire, is sufficient to warrant their con-
tinuance. They furnish the only school privileges to a large class of
residents in our city.
The number of pupils registered was 4,237 ; males, 3,214 ; females,
1,023 ; an increase of 995 over last year.
The average enrollment was 2,949; an increase of 965 over last
year. The average attendance was 2,332 ; an increase of 840 over
last year.
The number of teachers employed in these schools was 92 ; males,
46 ; females, 46 ; an increase of 25 over last year.
The evening drawing school, the evening high school and the
technical school are worthy institutions and are greatly appreciated
and largely attended by a class of persons who are anxious to better fit
themselves for industrial and mechanical employments.
118 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Summer Schools. — Newark seems to stand alone among^our cities-^
in providing schools of this class for the children of those families
not able to leave the city during the long summer vacation.
What to do with these children during these summer weeks was a
question often asked of me by many interested in them. The plan of
organization was presented to the committee on teachers a number of
years ago. It met with serious opposition and was laid over for a
time. After several attempts it was finally adopted and the schools
were organized July 6th, 1886. The registry was beyond the expec-
tations of their warmest advocates. Success has attended them from
the first day of opening. Much to the surprise of all, the children
were glad to attend. There was no difficulty in securing teachers-
for the classes. All — teachers, children and parents — were pleased;
The summer schools also have taken their place as a part of the-
school system of our city.
The number of classes established last summer was fifty-one, aa
increase of six over the preceding year.
The number of pupils enrolled, was 2,852 ; males, 1,452 ; females^
1,401 ; an increase of 151 over last year.
The average attendance was 1,752, an increase of 139 over lasi
year.
Of the 2,853 enrolled, 2,324 attended the public schools, 465 at«
tended private schools and 64 attended no school before entering the
summer schools.
Of the number enrolled, 1,671 were between 7 and 10 years of
age; 1,043 were between 10 and 13 years of age; 139 over 13 year»
of age.
The number of teachers employed in these schools was fifty-six^
all females, an increase of seven over last year.
Kindergarten Classes. — The purpose to organize these classes in all
our schools as soon as practicable is in my opinion well settled. The
superintendent has been requested to designate and recommend, from-
time to time, the schools in which he deems it best to establish such-
classes.
We now have kindergarten classes in three schools, viz.. Normal
and Training school, WickliflPe and South Market Street schools.
These classes are giving excellent satisfaction to the principals,,
teachers, parents, children and the committee of the board.
I am now giving very careful attention to the influence of this
work upon the pupils' progress in the advanced grades. In my^
judgment, the time given to kindergarten training will prove a clear
gain to the pupil throughout his school course ; I am willing to say
more, even — it will help him throughout his life course.
Without doubt within a reasonable time we shall fully incorporate
kindergarten instruction in our school system.
NEWTON. 119
NEWTON.
Charles J. Majoey, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — In compliance with the request of County Superintendent
Hill, I respectfully submit the following report of the Newton
public school for the year 1893-94 :
The school census for the year gave 787 names. The enrollment has
included 536 names, being 68 per cent, of the census. The average
daily attendance has been 363 pupils, or 68 per cent, of the total
enrollment. As compared with the preceding year the census shows
an increase of thirty-eight names, the total enrollment an increase of
forty and the average daily attendance an increase of twenty-seven
pupils. A mild epidemic of measles in February accounts for the
fact that the gain in daily attendance has not quite kept pace with the
gain in enrollment. The percentages seemed at first view to be low,
but upon comparison with several of the schools that rank among
the best in the State, the percentage of enrollment is found to equal
the average for ten schools taken for comparison, and the percentage
of daily attendance is considerably above the average for the same
schools. The total number of cases of tardiness for the year was
655. This number is 106 cases below the total for 1892-3, and
1,730 below the total for 1891-2. It bears a ratio of less than two
to the average daily attendance. Only two of the ten schools above
referred to show a less ratio of tardiness.
The provision for half-day sessions of first-year pupils has not
been continued from the preceding year, because of the enlargement
of the school building. First-year pupils are now classed into two
divisions of thirty to forty each, and each division is taught during
one- half day in kindergarten games and occupations, and during the
other half day in another room and by another teacher in primary
reading, language and number work. For pupils who do not enter
school before the age of five years this seems the best provision for
securing to them the benefits of the kindergarten work without loss of
time in the ordinary subjects of instruction.
During the year the school building has been enlarged by the
addition of a four-room brick and stone structure, erected twenty feet
120 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
in the rear of the old eight-room structure, and connected therewith
by a corridor twenty feet in width. The connecting corridor pro-
vides for pupils' entrance doors and an ample lobby upon the first
floor, and for a principal's office upon the second floor.
Before deciding upon this enlargement, the board of trustees con-
sidered the plan of cutting the large assembly hall upon the third
floor into class-rooms, and also the plan of erecting a separate build-
ing for primary children in another part of town. The former plan
was abandoned because of the judgment that the assembly hall was
especially valuable as providing for morning exercises in which the
entire school is brought together, and whereby the spirit of unity in
purpose and in work is directly and indirectly fostered. The influ-
ence of the principal in matters of discipline and of moral instruction
is notably increased by the opportunity thus afforded for addressing
the entire school upon such topics as currently present themselves for
consideration. The second plan was abandoned because of the
apparent increase in expense of maintaining two separate schools,
and the poorer opportunity afforded for closely classifying individual
pupils. The present building is found in practical use to be admir-
ably adapted to the needs of the school. Three additional teachers
have been already employed, and only one room of the four added
remains vacant at the close of the first year.
Of the three new rooms in use one has been fully furnished with
kindergarten tables and chairs, the other two, assigned to the high
school grades, have been seated with single desks of the hygienic
adjustable construction. The Smead system of heating and ventila-
tion, introduced throughout the entire old and new building, has
given complete satisfaction, and the sanitary dry closets as placed in
the basement have not presented the slightest objectionable feature.
The basement, all the class-rooms and the corridors have been pro-
vided with metal ceilings, thus obviating the danger formerly encoun-
tered in the old building from masses of falling plaster. It is hoped
that the spacious school grounds may ere long be improved and
beautified, so that the entire school property may appeal to the better
nature of the pupils, and may creditably manifest the progressive
public spirit of the town.
The specific work of the school in the lines of instruction and
discipline has steadily advanced during the year. The teachers are
f arnest and faithful in their work, and the spirit of the pupils is
favorable to the securing of good results. The departmental plan, as
organized in the four grammar grades, has worked with general satis-
faction after the friction incident to its introduction wore off. As
arranged in detail, one teacher has the instruction of the four grades
in reading and language work, a second in writing and arithmetic, a
third in geography and elementary science, and a fourth in United
States history, drawing and spelling. Each teacher remains in her room
during the entire day, classes changing rooms at 10:30 a. m., at 11:45,
NEWTON— Continued. 121
ihe close of the morning session, at 2:45 p. m. and at 4 o'clock, the close
of the afternoon session. The change of rooms at the close of
sessions is to provide for leaving books and other material where they
will be required at the opening of the next session. The arrange-
ment of class-room doors, &c., is such that all changes are made
expeditiously and without confusion, since one class can march from
any room at one side while another class is entering by another door
at the opposite side. Each teacher is found to take increased and
increasing interest in her two subjects of instruction, and notably
better progress is being made by the pupils than under the same
teachers with the former grade plan of organization. The physical
rest to pupils in changing and their renewal of interest upon entering
a new room at the several periods are factors in the improved work.
The teachers agree that discipline is easier and pleasanter than under
the older plan, and the results in discipline are certainly better during
the past year than heretofore.
About the opening of the spring term, Mr. H. W. Merriam, a
manufacturer and an honored citizen of the town, called upon the
principal and expressed a desire to provide the sum of one hundred
dollars per year to be used in the giving of awards or prizes for
especially meritorious work on the part of pupils of the school. After
careful consideration of the helpful and the harmful influences, it was
determined that the money should be used each year in the purchase
of pictures or other works of art, reference-books, cabinets of natural
history specimens, &c., to be awarded in the several grades of the
school in honor of individual pupils for excellence in class work and
conduct. The awards are to remain in the school to benefit and
encourage succeeding classes and to stimulate pupils to effort deserv-
ing of similar recognition. Each award will permanently bear a
card inscribed with the name of the pupil earning it. This idea as
to mode of awarding prizes was suggested in a visit to the State
Normal School at Trenton, when Miss Edith Bunnell, of Newton,
earned in a similar manner two pieces of statuary now standing in
the library of the State schools, inscribed to her honor. It is believed
that the plan secured a maximum of good results, in that succeeding
classes share with the successful pupil in all the benefits of the award,
while the personal factor is reduced to a minimum. It is not often
that men or women competent to bestow public benefactions turn
their attention to the public school as Mr. Merrjam did in this case.
Yet there can hardly be a more profitable use made of money in the
interest of a community. In the wide range of influences that are
now recognized as within the field of complete education, there are
always needs in the public school for which the taxpayers are not
ready to make due provision. Individual generosity can often make
such provision, and one result of the personal generosity thus ex-
tended to the school will be to stimulate the public interest and to
beget a greater readiness to appropriate public money.
122 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
In this community taxpayers and parents manifest very gratifying"
interest in the progress of the school, and sustain it liberally, while
they are evidently watchful that just return be secured for the increas-
ing expenditures for school purposes. The board of trustees include©
leading business and professional men, and their co-operation witb
the principal and the teachers, and their approval of work under-
taken, is helpful and highly appreciated.
NORTH PLAINFIELD.
Chas. E. Boss, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — In compliance with a request received from Mr. Anderson^
county superintendent, I submit a brief report of the course of our
school and its work for the year ending June 30th, 1894.
The general character of the work has undergone no substantial
change from that of the previous year.
The extensive enlargement of the school building, which we have
occupied since the early spring of 1894, has facilitated school work j
sufficient class-rooms have enabled us to subdivide large classes into
smaller ones.
In the advanced classes we have introduced single desks, which
arrangement we have found favorable to order and to class work.
A system of sliding partition doors admits of a spacious assembly-
room, when the class-rooms are thrown together, convenient for alJ
public exercises, including our daily chapel work.
Public interest has been quickened in parents and friends by occa-
sional attendance upon such public sessions.
Our experience in this respect leads us to commend the practice of
exercises to which the general public can be invited upon appointed
days.
For such occasions we find our author exercises valuable, taking
for such use a single prominent author or statesman, giving a brief
sketch of his life and extracts from his writing or addresses ; such
extracts being read or spoken by several pupils, thus giving to them
and to all the pupils an acquaintance with good authors and good
literature.
NORTH PLAINFIELD. 12^
Our corps of teachers was increased to sixteen ; and has been added
to since the close of the school year.
During the coming year we shall make a trial of half-yearly
examination and promotion in the lower grades of the school, to
permit the brighter pupils to advance more rapidly than they have
heretofore been able to do.
Studies. — While no radical changes have been made in our course
of study, yet in some branches the work has been more extended, or
by an earlier introduction into the course, has been finished earlier,
and so advanced work has been made possible.
Arithmetic. — This we have been able to finish earlier in the course,
to be followed by a correspondingly earlier introduction of algebra.
Language. — More attention has been given to this subject in our
primary grades with noticeably good results.
History. — This has been made prominent. In the lower grades
biographical stories and interesting incidents in history have been
made the subject of class exercises. In the advanced classes the
subject has been taught, not from a single text-book, but topically,,
and by looking up and studying different accounts of the same his-
torical period.
General reading, relating to the subject of class-room study, is
encouraged, and a growing library aids in this broadening of study.
Library. — Our library is being added to, and consists in part of
interesting books for circulating use, and in part of books of reference.
The latter we find most useful, being constantly consulted on many
subjects by both teachers and scholars.
Reports. — While the records of the pupils are kept accurately, yet,,
in rendering reports, we avoid as much as possible giving a record in
per cent., and a report of the condition of each pupil, in each subject^
is given in general terms more intelligible, we think, to the average
parent or guardian ; for instance, each month's record card shows the
number of days absent, the number of times tardy and the standing
in behavior and studies, marked as " excellent," " very good,'^
" good," " fair," " passable," and " failure," together with the pupil's
rank in the class.
This report is signed by the parent or guardian and returned to
the teacher.
In this way we try to keep parents acquainted with the work oi
the pupil.
124 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
ORANGE.
U. W. CuTTS, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
JJjj^SiR — I have the honor of submitting the following statement, in
connection with the statistical report of the schools of this city, for
the year 1893-4.
School Accommodations. — The year has been one of substantial
progress. There has been an increase of 1 96 in the enrollment of
pupils. There are now sixty teachers employed, including principals
and special instructors, three more than during the year preceding.
The school accommodations are not sufficient to dispense with the use
of half-time classes in the youngest grade in each of the four primary
schools. Annex buildings, with rooms for two classes in each, are
rented in connection with Schools No. 3 and No. 4. The plan of
erecting a new school edifice in the Fourth ward is now in process of
fulfillment, and before the close of another year the building in all
probability will be occupied. When completed it will be the largest
of the public school buildings in the city, and it will afford a needed
relief to the crowded classes in No. 4. A new primary building in
the Fifth ward and a new high school building are wants which, it is
hoped, will be met not far in the future.
Special Departments. — In the departments of vocal music and
manual training there are special instructors, who combine teaching
with supervision. The manual training instruction for the first four
years of the school course is given by the class teachers, under the
supervision of the special instructors. Mention is made of this
department elsewhere.
Vocal music has been a part of the regular course in the Orange
public schools, under a special instructor, for some twenty years. An
extract from the recent annual report of the writer to the city board
of education gives some idea of the course in singing : " It is a pleasure
to speak of the proficiency in singing of the various grades and
schools, under the instruction of Mr. F. G. Handel, ably assisted by
the class teachers. The work is begun in a simple way in the young-
est grade, as soon as the child enters school. Exercises comprising a
part of the natural scale are given in accordance with a method of
ORANGE. 125.
the instructor, based upon the tonic sol-fa system The plan i*
developed as the child advances in school during the first and second
years, leading to two-part singing in the latter half of the second
year In the sixth, seventh and eighth years, lessons in chromatics,
the maior scale and the minor scale, involving harmonics and melodies,
are eiven. Endeavor is made to bring out full, clear tones m sing-
ine to obtain distinct enunciation of syllables, and to cultivate an
appreciation of the spirit of the words, as well as of the melody.
In the high school, four-part music is read and practiced, and the
pupils are introduced to some of the more difficult works of the com-
posers of classical music." ^ , , . , , i i . :„„i
Hioh School— There are three courses in the high school—classical,.
Latin-scientific and scientific. The time given to the two first-men-
tioned is four years each, and to the latter, three years. The classical
course fits for entrance to any college. A department of liigher
English was introduced a few years since, instruction in which enters
into all the courses. Composition and essay- writing, rhetoric, logic,
literature and elocution are taught in this department, and the
instructor also has charge of physical culture. Some two years ago,
the plan allowing one session in the high school and highest grammar
grade was tried experimentally for a time, and the result was so satis-
factory that the arrangement has continued to the present time. Ihe
session begins at 8:30 A. M. and continues till 1:15 p. m., with
a short intermission at noon. The actual working time is quite equal
to that under the former plan of two sessions. With young pupils,
the ordinary plan of two sessions, with an intermission ot an hour or
more at noon, seems to be preferable, in the public schools.
Conclusion.— The amount of intelligent work accomplished during
the year has been creditable to teachers and pupils. Teachers generally
have aimed at a clear and logical method of instruction. Discipline
of mind and right character are the first consideration and not text-
book knowledge. Original work in language, mathematics and
geography has been encouraged and required on the part ot pupils.
Many of the recommendations in the report of the committee of ten
have been considered at our teachers' meetings, and practical benefat
has already resulted. While it is an open question whether all the
ideas suggested in the report are feasible under present conditions
many of them are of prime importance, and their discussion cannot
fail to be of value.
126 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
PASSAIC.
H. H. HuTTON, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — Our schools rapidly increase in numbers — seven hundred in
two years! In that time ten large, well-lighted, well -ventilated
rooms have been added to our school-room capacity, and still nearly
three hundred children are without proper housing. A movement is
on foot to erect, on a site bordering on Subdistricts Nos. 1 and 2, a
«ixteen-room building, and to abandon No. 1 building, which is not
well situated nor well adapted for school purposes.
We have reached a point in the development of public sentiment
when it can be announced that the college entrance course of the high
school has been extended to four years.
It may be interesting, especially to those establishing high school
courses, to know that we have modified our course, not only to suit
the extended time, but to bring it into harmony with the admirable
report of the " Committee of Ten," recently appointed by the National
Council of Education to draft courses of study for secondary schools.
To direct and quicken the efforts of pupils and teachers, the board
•of education has ordered a complete list of reference-books in the
public library to be made, printed on cards and hung up in every
school-room. The matter of systematic reading of standard authors
has been brought to the attention of teachers and high school pupils
with a view to intensifying school exercises in composition, literature,
science and history.
The board of trade of our city takes an interest in our schools,
reports being made from time to time in their meetings of their
efficiency and progress.
Manual Training. — Simultaneously with getting into our new
ten-room school building. No. 4, we occupied old No. 4 for manual
training purposes. The building has been put in complete order for
the purposes intended. New hard-wood floors have been laid above
and below. Water and gas have been brought in — the plumbing is
complete.
The first floor is 25 by 48 feet. Here are ten double Larssen
benches — vises at side and end. Also, one Larssen No. 5 bench for
the teacher (single). Cases with compartments for the tools and the
PATER80N. 127
-work of the pupils are provided. The tools are all of the most
approved make. Two hundred pupils reach the benches for two
hours' work every week.
On the upper floor are two rooms, one for mechanical drawing,
the other a school kitchen. Both are fitted up with every require-
ment.
The plant is a good one. From the first it compels the respect of
the people. The young people enjoy the variety it gives very much.
Many no doubt will become attached to the use of tools. Many
may find their way through this to industrial employments. The
<X)st of the plant, taking into consideration the site and building, is
over seven thousand dollars.
There is room for enlargement for forges and lathes when they
«hall be called into use. Already there is talk of putting in a motor
of two or three horse-power.
PATERSON.
J. A. Reinhart, Superintendent.
2b Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — I submit herewith my report on the condition of the schools
of our city. The following tables of statistics for the municipal year
ending March 20th, 1894, express substantially the extent and char-
acter of the school work for the year covered by this report to the
State :
Number and Kinds of Schools.
Normal training school with associated practice classes 1
High school 1
Elementary schools 18
Manual training school (workshop in wood) 1
Almshouse school 1
Total number of schools 22
Number of school buildings 18
Number of school buildings rented for school purposes 3
Total number of school buildings 21
128 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Number and iUassijication of Teachers.
Number of principals 18^
Assistant principal 1
Normal and high school instructors 13-
Teachers employed in departmental work, fifth to eighth gradee.. 45
Teachers employed in fifth grade, non-departmental 11
Teachers employed in elementary schools, first to fourth grades.. 153
Teachers in elementary schools, kindergarten grades 10*
Teachers in elementary schools, sub- primary grades &
Supervisor of drawing 1
Supervisor of kindergarten work 1
Instructor in wood work 1
Total number of teachers 260'
Enrollment and Attendance.
Whole number of children between the ages 5 and 18 years,
according to census. May 1893 22,646:
Whole number of pupils enrolled in the various schools
during the year 13,82&
Average enrollment in the schools during the year 10,238^
Average attendance in the schools during the year 9,178
Number enrolled February 28th, 1894 10,236
Number enrolled June 30th, 1894 10,126
Normal Training School.
Seniors 20
J uniors , 28
Total for normal school 48
High School.
Seniors 82
Juniors 89
Eirst year 154
Total for high school 325
PATERSON— Continued. 129
Elementary Schools.
Eighth grade A 226
Seventh grade A 360
Sixth grade A 387
Sixth grade B 75
Fifth grade A 610
Fifth grade B 338
Fourth grade A 729
Fourth grade B 800
Third grade A 1,065
Third grade B 798
Second grade A 882
Second grade B 949
First grade A 1,042
First grade B 874
Sub-primary 396
Kindergarten 332
Total 9863
Total for all schools 10,236
Expansion of School System. — The increasing development of our
city public school system is indicated by the fact that the number of
teachers employed during the ytar increased by 16. The average
enrollment in the schools shows an increase during the year of 428
pupils. The average attendance increased 563 pupils. For several
years the average increase in enrollment and attendance has been in
round numbers 500 pupils.
Increase of Attendance in Upper Grades, — One of the most satis-
factory evidences of the proper development of our school work is the
increased attendance in the upper grades. At the date of the last
annual report there were 289 pupils enrolled in the high school. At
the corresponding date of this year were enrolled 325 pupils, an
increase of 46 pupils. This is a very satisfactory condition of affairs
and a matter for congratulation. Last year there were enrolled in the
eighth grade, the highest grade in the elementary schools, 204 pupils.
There are now enrolled in the same grade 226, being an increase of
about 22 pupils. Last year in the elementary schools there were
enrolled in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth grades, 1,542 pupils.
During the school year 1893-94 there were enrolled in the game
grades 1,995 pupils, being an increase of 454 pupils.
Number of Years in the School Course. — Our whole school course
is thirteen years long. The elementary course comprises eight years,
the high school course comprises three and the normal course two
9
130 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
years. This makes up the full term of thirteen years and corresponds
to the legal school age of from five to eighteen years. Our high
school course was several years ago four years. There would be
joaanifest advantages in returning to this period of four years for the
high school course. There are two considerations, however, which
relieve the disadvantages of the three-years' course. First, the pro-
fessional pedagogic instruction is relegated to the normal school,
whereas, in many high schools the last year is largely a normal train-
ing year. Secondly, the normal training course has been extended to
two years, whereas some years since it was but one year. The
suggestion has been made that the elementary course should be six
years long and the secondary or high school course six years. It
.must be admitted that educational discussion and the trend of school
work is in this direction, and it may be safely said that the idea is
worth consideration. There are many educationists who think that
the later years of the elementary school course are, under the present
system, not utilized in knowledge and culture as largely as they
should be. In other words, it is the opinion of many persons that
American schools, more than those of any other nation, fail to give the
child the knowledge and power which is his proper inheritance during
the important period from eleven to fourteen years. The recogni-
tion of deficiencies is brought out by the following considerations :
(1) The movement leading to the study of algebra and geometry in
the last year of the elementary course ; (2) the argument for the intro-
duction of French or Latin into the upper years of the elementary
course, and finally (3) the movement toward the introduction of the
departmental system into the upper grades.
The Departmental System of Instruction in Upper Grades of
Elementary Schools. — For the past eighteen months the upper grades
of the elementary schools, namely, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth
grades, have been instructed upon the departmental plan. The depart-
mental system of instruction was introduced into the high school in
1885. Previous to that time one instructor taught all the subjects
pursued by the pupils of any particular grade. Since that time the
work of instruction has been divided up into departments, each
teacher being in general given one subject, or one main subject and
one allied subordinate one, as his part of the teaching work. The
results have been in the case of the high school increasingly satis-
factory. The high school instructors have responded to the need of,
and have manifested the desire for, a broader scholarship and more
exact method. Thus our high school has always been kept abreast
with the progress of the times and has always commanded the respect
of all acquainted with its work.
In a similar manner the work of the primary schools has from
time to time received fresh impulses toward improvement by the
labors of successive superintendents.
In the case, however, of the grammar schools, the upper grade
PATERSON— Continued. 131
'work of the elementary school had until lately experienced no special
development — had received for a decade no large and quickening
impulse toward better things.
In September, 1892, three elementary schools were selected in
which to try the experiment of giving instruction in the four upper
.grades by the departmental method. The principals of all other
schools having fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth grades immediately
fipplied for permission to organize their work on the same plan.
Since that time all of our schools having the grades just above
mentioned have been run upon the departmental .plan. The results
are beginning to manifest themselves more or less plainly and in
satisfactory form. The teaching of a special subject, for example,
literature, or the writing of English, or a pair of allied subjects such
-as reading and literature, or history and geography, has been the
opening up of the possibility of a broader scholarship and more
■exact knowledge of the subject than could possibly be the case when
the time for preparation and teaching was divided between a half-
dozen subjects. In more than one of our schools the teacher of read-
ing and literature has given evidence of developing into a specialist
in English literature. The same thing will gradually become true of
all the departmental teachers. The tendency toward specialization
promotes scholarship and teaching power.
This broader scholarship and more exact knowledge must inevit-
ably result in better teaching, in more exact statement, more luminous
presentation, and more orderly development of the subjects taught.
It would seem, also, that it is only accurate and extensive knowl-
edge of such subjects as history and geography that will enable the
teacher to see and teach the proportion, relative value and relations of
events and facts. Departmental teaching favors such knowledge of
the relations of the objects of knowledge. It renders possible teach-
ing things in their proportions and in their relations. A recent
report of Mr. Ellis Peterson, speaking for the supervisors of the
city of Boston, in alluding to the deficiencies of current teaching in
grammar schools, where of necessity one teacher must teach a half
dozen subjects daily, speaks as follows : " Such teachers, while engaged
in their professional work, find but little time to deepen and extend
their knowledge of the subject-matter of what they teach or of the
methods of teaching. It is plain that the thorough study of one or
two departments would give them greater knowledge and teaching
power than the cursory and superficial study of several departments.
* * * As it is, the wonders and beauties that always delight the
child are, for the most part, blindly passed by ; the relation of cause
feebly to effect is not clearly traced, the law of unity in diversity is but
expounded, the facts, whether of mountains or molehills, are presented
da false proportions.
* *." Change the organization of the school so that the teachers will each
dnstruct in one or two departments of study, and they — if they are of
132 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
the right metal — will be likely to acquire an accurate and extensive
knowledge of their subjects and of the right methods of teaching."
The superintendent of schools of Springfield, Mass., Dr. Thomas
M. Balliet, in his last report, speaking of the work in the upper
grades of the elementary schools, says : " But it is not only the
degree and variety of scholarship which is required that makes the
grammar school teacher's work difficult. The most taxing work of
the teacher is not to master his subject, but to create a deep interest
in it in the mind of the pupil. This he can do only by kindling
interest and enthusiasm in his own mind, and then communicating
the contagion to his pupils. Now, it is more difficult to feel a deep
interest, such as is here required, in many subjects than it is to know
these subjects. It is this fact which makes it impossible for the same
person to teach many subjects well, and it is this fact rather than the
demands in the way of scholarship which makes it possible for
grammar school teachers to-day to teach every study in the curricu-
lum successfully.
" There seems to be only one solution of the difficulty. This iS'
departmental teaching. Instead of requiring each teacher to teach all"
the studies in a given grade, the different studies must be grouped
together in accordance with their mutual affinities and relations, andl'
then to each teacher be assigned a group of two or three studies to
teach in different rooms and grades.
" During the past year the teaching in the three upper grades of
most of our grammar schools has been done in this way. The step
has been an experimental one so far, but its success, in my judgment,
is assured ; and during the coming year we shall be safe in organizing
the teaching in all our grammar schools on this plan."
Co-ordination of Studies. — The co-ordination of the subjects of
study is not by any means impossible under the departmental system.
Geography and history are in several of our schools taught by the
same instructor, and will in all probability soon be taught in all the
schools. Thus the relations between geography and history will be
better brought out than ever and a more enriched knowledge of
geography and a more satisfactory interpretation of history will be
given than ever before. Experiments are being made in the follow-
ing lines of work. The instructors of English composition in
elementary schools are being led to base the actual work in the
writing of English on the other subjects taught in the schools. They
will thus learn to do a very great deal of what is technically called
concentration work. Thus in a practical way is being worked out
the method and province of the instructor in the writing of English.
In the work preparatory to the actual writing exercises, he will relate
the various subjects of study and more fully bring out in the con-
sciousness of the pupil the relations between the several subjects, for
example, the intimate relations between geography and history ;.
between geography, arithmetic and commercial geography ; between
PATER80N— Continued. 133
the onward currents of national history and personal character. Of
course, each teacher in his particular subject teaches these relations,
'but the instructor whose business it is to teach the writing of English
makes the further development of these relations an essential part of
•his work. Thus the primary subject-matter of the essays, narratives,
letters, descriptions and summaries which constitute the perfected
work of the department of the writing of English, represents a more
.general consideration of much that has been taught by the instructors
in their own particular departments.
Primary Instruction. — The improvement of instruction in the
lower grades of the elementary schools has commanded much atten-
tion during the past year. Not only are the first few years in school
important because they are the first few years in school, but because
Ihe majority of school children get no other education than is obtained
during these years. It is therefore imperative that the teaching in
the lower grades should be skillful and effective. The ability to read
and write well, and the desire to read widely, should be acquired
■during the first four years of school. During the same period should
be mastered the elements of arithmetic, the beginnings of natural
science, geography and history. In securing intelligent teachers for
the lower grades of the elementary schools, one of the most important
-means is the
Oity Normal School — This school has forty-eight pupil- teachers
•fitting themselves for the responsible duties of teaching. The instruc-
tion in psychology, history and principles of education, school man-
agement and methods is intelligent and skillful. The practice classes
— kindergarten, first, second, third and fourth grades — furnish an
excellent opportunity for learning to teach under skilled supervision.
The great drawback in all normal school work, whether in State or
city normal schools, is the lack of good material. Superior scholar-
ship and natural fitness for the work of teaching constitute the ideal
preparation for a normal school training, but these are not easily
obtained. Is it possible that a high school education is in general not
a sufficient preparation for the professional study of teaching? It
would almost seem to be desirable and necessary that a renewed study
of elementary school subjects should succeed high school work, and
precede the normal school work in the theory and practice of teaching.
The Improvement of the Teachers Already in Service. — The above
was one of the subjects discussed at the last meeting of the Department
of Superintendence of the National Educational Association. It is the
most important matter in the whole range of school polity. It has been
well said that the general body of teachers in any city school system
should really constitute an actual working normal school. That is
to say, anyone who is teaching should be constantly extending not
only his scholarship, but increasing his interest in and knowledge of
the theory and practice of education. The principals' association, the
iteachers' association, and the various meetings of teachers by subjects
134 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
and grades should all tend in this direction, and they do, doubtles?;^
constitute a very important means to the end indicated.
Special Study by the Principals' Association of Home Study. — For
a period extending over several months, the principals made a special
study of the question of study and work on the part of the pupils at
home. The study brought out many interesting facts tending to
illustrate the naturally intimate connection between the family and the
school. This study of the proper amount of time to be put on the
preparation of lessons for the school, the proper subjects to be
assigned for home work, the manner and time of assigning such work
was not a theoretical study, but an inductive and practical one.
After the investigation of each principal had been duly reported in
public meeting of the principals, a general statement was drawn up
from the various reports of the principals and thus the results of the
study were put on record for the future.
The High School. — Our high school is doing good work. There
is no mistaking the intelligence and faithfulness of the principals and'
teachers of this school. One hundred and eighty pupils completed
the elementany school course in June, 1894, and were admitted to the
high school. The graduating class of the high school for the currenti
year numbered eighty students.
PERTH AMBOY.
Adrian Lyon, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — I herewith submit my annual report of the condition of the
public schools in Perth Amboy for the year 1893-94.
Having held office only since May last, my report must be con-
fined to the present condition of the schools rather than to the growth'
or work done during the past year.
The three school buildings in our city have a seating capacity of
about 1,000, but so great has been the increase in the number of
children applying for admission that large numbers have been turned'
away because of lack of accommodations. This evil is about to be
remedied in part by the addition of four rooms to school building
No. 2, which will give additional seating capacity for 200 more
pupils. It is also the purpose of the board of education to erect
PHILLIPSBURG. 135
another school building in the near future, which will give ample
room for the rapidly-increasing school population of our city. Not
only is this demand for more room occasioned by the increase of
population, but also from the fact that the parochial schools have
turned their pupils upon us in large numbers.
The general condition of the schools as to instruction and discipline
is good. The teachers are twenty in number and generally hold
certificates of a high grade. They are capable and earnest in their
endeavors and good work has been the result.
The number of pupils in the high school department is increasing.
Although this department is not all we would have it, yet it is
making rapid advances toward the standard of other schools of its
class.
Perth Amboy is fortunate in having a board of education whose
members are thoroughly alive to the interests and needs of the
schools. It is their purpose to raise the standard as high as possible
and secure to the pupils the best instruction.
PHILLIPSBURG.
H. BuDD Howell, Superintendent.
lo Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — Allow me to supplement my statistical report by calling your
attention to one or two other points.
In the school year ending 1893 the school enumeration in Phillips-
burg amounted to 2,476, the enrollment to about 1,500; allowing for
the number attending private schools, 657 are found to be attending
no school. The figures for 1892 are: total enumeration, 2,447;
total enrollment in public and private schools, 1,834; number attend-
ing no school, 613.
The number attending no school appears alarmingly large and to
present material for work to the would-be reformer. But an exami-
nation of Superintendent of Census Matthews' tabulated analysis of
these figures seems calculated to take the wind out of the sails of the
reformer. The table (page 370, part II., N. J. School Report, 1893)
shows that, of the 657 children attending no school, 583 are under
the age of seven and above fourteen, leaving only seventy-four non-
136 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
attendants who could be compelled under the Compulsory Attendance
act or Factory law to enroll themselves. The preceding report of
Superintendent Matthews (1892) shows that, of the 613 children
reported from Phillipsburg as attending no school, 547 are below the
age of seven and above fourteen, leaving a remainder of sixty-six to
be accounted for. When it is considered that no attempt has ever
been made here to enforce the Compulsory Attendance act (for the
reason that we find it almost impossible to satisfy the demand for
seats on the part of those children who wish to attend), it seems to
me that the above figures furnish reason for congratulation rather
than for alarm. This satisfaction is increased by the fact that the
percentage of attendance for the year just ended (1894) is 95 per cent,
(nearly). After a child is once enrolled we make it a rule to look
after him sharply.
In this connection, I am reminded of a recommendation to the
Legislature of the late ex-Governor Abbett to the effect that the State
school tax be raised on the basis of $10 per child, reckoned upon the
average number of children attending, instead of $5 upon the whole
number of children enumerated. Why would not such a plan, if
adopted, work well in (a) stimulating municipal bodies to erect build-
ings in sufficient numbers to accommodate the whole school population ;
(6) arousing boards of education to the feasibility and desirability of
enforcing the Compulsory Attendance act ; and (c) preserving a
constant and uniform ratio everywhere, as far as practicable, between
the amount of tax raised by the State and the number of children
who receive the benefits thereof?
PLAINFIELD.
Henry M. Maxon, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland^ Slate Superintendent :
Sir — I have the honor to present to you herewith the report of
the schools of this city for the year ending June 30th, 1894.
The one noticeable feature of the school year has been the large
increase in the enrollment of the schools, the total of the year being
2,048, an increase of 199 over that of last year. By departments the
enrollment was 1,421 in the primary (the first five years and the
PLAINFIELD. 137
^kindergarten), 462 in the grammar, and 165 in the high school. The
excellence of our schools, and of the high school in particular,
is bringing new residents into the city and drawing more and more
from the private schools and those without the city limits, the
tuitions from non-resident pupils being $2,478 for the year.
I am sorry not to be able to report, as yet, the erection of a new
building, which is very much needed to aflPord room for re-arranging
the grades so as to relieve the primaries. We have had to meet the
difficulty in three of the first-year schools by having half of the
pupils attend in the morning and the other half in the afternoon.
The High Sehool. — The entering class enrolled seventy-one, while
the graduating class numbered twenty-four. The school is now on
the approved list of a large number of colleges, to which it can send
its graduates on certificates without an entrance examination. Of the
Class of 1893 there are pupils pursuing further study in the following
colleges and higher schools: Amherst College, three; Rutgers College,
two ; Smith College, two ; Framingham Normal School, two, and
Wellesley College, Lehigh University, Denison University, Oberlin
College, University of the City of New York, Columbia Law School,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a business college, one
each.
The school has three clearly- defined courses of study of four years
each — the classical course, designed to fit pupils for a Greek course in
any college; the general course, designed to give a good general
education to the pupils that are not going to college, and also to pre-
pare for a college course where Greek is not required ; the English
course for the pupils that do not wish to take Latin. Considerable
latitude is given in the choice of studies, the aim being to meet the
special needs of each pupil, in accordance with the wishes of his
(parents.
The study of Spencer's Inventional Geometry has been introduced
into the first-year work with very satisfactory results in opening up
the minds of the pupils and teaching them to think for themselves.
It has been found that one lesson in three can be taken from the
algebra, for this purpose, and yet the algebra work be done even more
satisfactorily than before.
As far as is practicable, the instruction in the school is being
specialized, each of the six teachers carrying on but one or two lines
of study, instead of confining himself to the varied work of one class.
We are making special efforts to give a strong drill in English to
every pupil in the school. In addition to the regular class work in
Lock wood's Higher English, in rhetoric and in Eoglish literature,
two or three periods a week, throughout the four years, are devoted
to drill in English and the study of literature.
While we have no facilities for physical training, the education of
the body is not entirely neglected, one hour per week being devoted
138 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
to open-air drill in marching and military manceuvers, with the ains
of giving erectnees of carriage and alertness and grace of motion.
The plan of graduation exercises adopted last year proves very
acceptable. All essays except the salutatory and valedictory have
been dropped and an address by some good speaker substituted, the
address this year being by Dr. H. L. Wayland, of Philadelphia. As
a result of the change, six or eight weeks of school have been gained
for the graduating class, their regular school work continuing
unbroken almost to the very last day of the year. Much time and
energy of the senior teacher is also saved for the regular school work.
Grammar and Primary. — In all our schools, but particularly in
the grammar and primary, we lay much stress on carefulness of execu-
tion, neatness of appearance, and excellence of arrangement of all
written work, and the reception given the work of our pupils when
they go to colleges and other schools is very gratifying. This year
special effort has been made not only to preserve the high standard of
the work, but also to increase the rapidity of execution.
In the course of study there have been some changes. In arith-
metic, changes have been made in the direction of introducing in the-
earlier years, topics that in the past have been left until higher arith-
metic work was taken up. It is believed that, in an elementary way,
nearly all the ordinary topics are within the comprehension of &
young child, and that they should be introduced in a simple way very
early in the course, so that, by frequent use of the principles in easy
problems, the child may be already quite familiar with the principles-
when their regular book study is taken up and will not, therefore, find
it so difficult, also that in case he leaves school before the book study i&
taken up he may still have had some acquaintance with the later sub-
jects, that the work of arithmetic in brief, should change from year
to year, not so much in the subjects studied as in the difficulty of the
work presented. To this end, applied numbers are well advanced itt
the second year, fractions (objectively) in the third, decimals in the
fourth and percentage in the fourth and fifth.
In geography, the work has been re- arranged by topics, rather
than by pages, so that the same work will not be covered in successive
years in changing from the small book to the larger.
As an advance in the matter of promotion, the seventh-year grade-
was divided into two divisions according to ability, the brighter, more
capable pupils being put into the higher division. Since the division,
these brighter pupils have been advancing as rapidly as they are able
to do the work, with the expectation that they will be collected from,
the three schools into one class next fall and finish their preparation
for the high school in another year, while the slower division will
take two years. (Our course is nine years below the high school.)
They will thus gain a year without losing any of the work, as is the
case where pupils skip a grade. Another year, the fourth grade wilb
be divided in like manner, thus giving a strong, capable child oppor-
PL AINFIELD— Continued. 13^
tunity to profit by his ability and do the nine years' work in seven or
eight without leaving any gaps by omitting the work of any year.
This will go far toward meeting the objection that graded schools
grind bright pupils and dull pupils through the mill with tqual
slowness I believe that it will also preserve and increase the bright-
ness of many pupils, since they are not dulled by being kept back,
when they might go faster, and they always have a stimulus to do
their best. It is a noticeable fact, in making the selection this year,,
that a large proportion of the advanced division were pupils that had
already received a double promotion and that these pupils were among,
the most capable of the division.
Truancy. — There is comparatively little truancy on the part of
pupils that have once been enrolled in our schools ; but the present
method of taking the school census, independent of the school board,
puts it beyond our power to know anything of the children that do
not at some time appear in one of our schools. It is, therefore, pos-
sible for such children to remain out of school all the year or for a
number of years, without interference on the part of the board,,
unless someone interested should report the case. The board knows-
nothing of the children in the city aside from those registered in the
schools, except that there are 2,827 of the legal age as shown by the
bills presented by the census- takers. It would seem as if a system
might be devised that would be of much assistance in enforcing the
Attendance law.
Nature Study. — The schools have made a distinct advance during
the year in the matter of science study. By the aid of the science
teacher in the high school, nature study, consisting of observation,,
description and drawing, with allied reading where possible, has been
begun in all grades. The work this year has been largely of the
nature of pioneer work, getting the pupils and teachers accustomed
to the regular treatment of the subject and familiar with its methods
and aims. Plant life has been studied in the lower grades and'
minerals and physical science in the higher. It has been very satis-
factory in interesting the children and sharpening their observation.
Moral Training. — With the belief that the school ought to do-
much in forming and strengthening the moral character of the childj^
it has been our constant effort to administer all the school affairs with
this moral growth in mind. The moral effect on the child of all
school discipline and of the school regulations should always be kept
prominent in the mind of the teacher and every occasion that offers
should be taken advantage of to forward it. It is by such means and
by example, rather than by precept, that moral training is given, and'
in the hands of an effective, conscientious teacher, much most excel-
lent work is done.
During the fall, to inculcate though tfulness for others and to estab-
lish the feeling of universal kinship of mankind, autumn leaves were^
collected and pressed by the children and sent to the University Set-
140 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
tlement in New York by the superintendent, for distribution in the
poor quarters. In the spring and summer months, wild flowers were
l)rought to school and a weekly collection was sent to New York, for
distribution among the poor and in the hospitals. A most prominent
feature of the observation of Thanksgiving day was a thanks offering
by the children, of provisions of various kinds to the value of several
hundred dollars, for distribution among the needy in the city.
Teachers. — The prime essential for good schools is, of course, good
teachers. In this respect Plainfield is very fortunate. For a long
time her teachers have been very carefully selected. Our force now
numbers fifty, exclusive of the music teacher, who gives but a part of
his time to this city. Of this number, thirty-nine are graduates of
colleges, normal schools or training classes, while the rest are teachers
of long experience and tried efficiency, who study their work and
•keep pace with the times. In filling vacancies, the greatest care is
taken to secure the very best than we can find for the price that we
are able to pay. Aside from the graduates of our training class, no
candidates that have not a college or a normal training are considered.
By private investigation, an estimate of their worth is obtained from
their normal principal, and from the authorities where they have
taught, and none are appointed whose record is not excellent. We
are also fortunate in having but few changes from year to year, there
being only four this year.
As a measure for improvement and to increase their efficiency, fre-
■quent meetings of the teachers in each building are held by the prin-
cipals; the superintendent meets all the teachers once a month
for the discussion of general questions and fundamental principles,
and at other intervals, meetings of the teachers by grades or by
groups are held to consider special points, while the high school
teachers have been making a special study of Herbertian psychology.
Meetings are also regularly held by the drawing teacher for the
advancement of work in her department.
With such teachers and such a spirit we expect next year to do
foetter work than ever.
PRINCETON 141
PRINCETON.
A. W. Hartwell, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — The school year in our borough, as established by the sup-
plement to its charter, extends from April 8th to April 8th. The
annual report of the principal to the board of education is intended to
furnish information concerning the schools during that period. The
following items from the report just submitted to the board may
prove of some general interest :
NUMBER pupils REGISTERED.
Kindergarten 37
Model school 33(>
Witherspoon Street school (colored) 147
Total registration 514
AVERAGE TERM REGISTER.
Model school 297
Witherspoon Street school 96
Total 393
AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE.
Model school 205
Kindergarten 18
Witherspoon Street school 80
Total 303
142 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
The kindergarten was opened in October, and is a new but very
interesting feature of our school work. As there was no suitable
room in the present building, it was necessary to rent one for the
purpose in another part of the town. This apparent separation of
the kindergarten from the rest of the school of which it is really a
department, has been detrimental in some respects, but the system of
teaching is growing in favor. Money has been appropriated for
building an addition to the model school, and the work will be done
•during the summer vacation. This addition will be specially adapted
to the requirements of the new department. Under these more favor-
able conditions we hope to be able to demonstrate fully that exercises
disguised as " plays " will prove to be a means of developing the child
mind and preparing the way for a more intelligent apprehension of
the work required in the other departments.
Since the re-opening of the schools in September, books and all
other necessary supplies have been furnished to the pupils without
charge to them. The sum of one thousand dollars was voted for
this purpose at the school meeting. While this new departure has
some good features, there are others which are quite objectionable. It
may not be amiss to mention some of the objectionable features,
because they are not so apparent to the casual observer as the good
ones are. Pupils being relieved from the sense of ownership have
less interest in caring for their books ; this entails upon the teacher
the duty of close supervision in which it is not easy to secure the
active co-operation of the parents. If it were possible readily to dis-
tinguish between necessary " wear and tear," and the result of care-
less handling, the matter would be much simplified. It is exceedingly
difficult to prevent a waste of supplies. The distribution of pens,
pencils, paper and blank books requires the most careful attention.
This work necessitates the employment of monitors, and these unpaid
assistants encounter vexations which render their positions anything
but pleasant. Losses and breakages furnish topics of discussion
which turn upon the veracity of the parties. These and other seem-
ingly unavoidable complications often seriously disturb the " even
tenor of our ways." Perhaps the novelty of " free supplies " will
wear off in time, then many of the abuses will correct themselves.
By order of the board of education, there are now two sessions of
the schools each day instead of one. The change was not made
because of any dissatisfaction with the progress of the schools under
the one-session plan. On the contrary, the board publicly compli-
mented the teachers and pupils, at the close of the last school year,
on the excellent showing they had made. The authority of the board
to order this change is unquestioned, but it would have been interest-
ing to listen to the arguments pro and con, if it had been considered
advisable to submit the question to the people.
Within my recollection, the " school quarter " has consisted suc-
cessively of seventy-two days, sixty- six days and sixty days; the
PRINCETON— Continued. 143
'^' school day " of eight hours in summer or seven hours in winter,
«ix hours and five hours, successively. These changes have been
dictated by professed humanitarians who claimed to have made a
special study of the laws governing the mental and physical develop-
ment of children. Whether the ultimate limit has yet been reached
oannot be determined. A very thorough test, extending over several
consecutive years, seems to have demonstrated that a daily session
from 8:50 A. M. to 1 P. M. is suflBciently long to accomplish a reason-
able amount of mental work.
The school library continues to be an important factor in the
development of a taste for good literature. It has been my pleasure
thus far to meet the requirements of the law and obtain the State aid
without appealing to the people. It is to be hoped, however, that
eventually some benevolent person may feel sufficiently interested in
the good work to place the library upon a permanent foundation.
In conclusion, permit me to refer briefly to an educational experi-
ment made last October. It was my good fortune to be one of the
party of " historical pilgrims " who, under the direction of Prof.
Lyman P. Powell, of Philadelphia, visited several places of historic
interest in New England and the Middle States. Starting from
Philadelphia, the "pilgrimage" followed as nearly as possible the
route taken by Washington during the Revolution. The round trip
occupied ten days — July 30th to August 8th — and the result was a
genuine " patriotic revival " among the people at the places visited as
well as among the " pilgrims " themselves. My own delightful
experiences prompted me to give my pupils a practical history lesson
conducted on a similar plan, but on a more limited scale. Appended
is the " order of proceedings : "
AT NASSAU HALL.
(Meeting Place of American Congress, 1783.)
2 o'clock p. M.
Address — "Some Bits of Princeton History" ,.By the Principal.
Song — "Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean" By the Pupils.
2:30 o'clock.
History of the College Portrait of Washington..By Prof. Henry C. Cameron.
Song — "Washington" By the Pupils.
3 o'clock.
Start for Washington's Headquarters, Eocky Hill.
AT THE HEADQUARTERS.
Brief Sketch by the Principal.
Songs by the Pupils.
Return to Princeton.
144 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
It is scarcely necessary to say that the " historical excursion " was
a grand success ; from start to finish the interest was unflagging and
the enthusiasm delightful to witness. We shall soon make another
venture of a similar nature — its success is already assured. I feel
warranted in recommending my fellow-teachers to try this method of
making history real and of vital importance to their pupils.
RAHWAY.
D. B. Corson, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — For years the greatest need of the Rahway schools has beeo
supervision. The principals of the schools were obliged to devote all
of the five hours a day to hearing the recitations of the highest classes,,
and the subordinate teachers were without guidance. Grades of cor-
responding rank in the different schools were at variance, and the
work was indiflPerent or good according to the training and aim of the
individual teacher. There were almost as many schools as there were
teachers employed. Such a system in operation in a factory would be
ridiculous as well as baneful. The evils resulting in the schools were
careless methods of instruction, general indifference as to results and
a lack of uniformity of standards. Yet no one was accountable, for
our schools were too small to free the principals entirely from class
work. A plan was adopted by the board of education whereby the
grammar assistants gave one hour to the highest classes and relieved
the principals. The plan is practicable, and after a year's trial meets
the approval of the principals.
The course of study inaugurated at the beginning of the year ha&
proven to be a wise change. Of the fifty different text- books in use
all are of high merit and modern in every way. The system of
organization, the course of study and the quality of the text-books
place our schools in the front rank, and it now remains for us to
make the work of every class-room of the highest attainable excel-
lence. We have teachers of talent, skill, executive ability and the
demand for others of like attainments is growing. The sentiment
of the board of education is in favor of only normal or college
graduates.
RAHWAY. 145
In order to become familiar with the range of professional reading
of our corps of teachers, the following questions were sent to each
member :
What educational paper do you take ?
What educational books have you read ?
What book on educational subjects have you read since September,
1893?
All the teachers replied, and the variety and quality of the books
read indicated that there had been a search for pedagogical truth, and
that most of our teachers were students of education. There were
monthly meetings held throughout the year, and grade meetings at
various times. The work of most of the teachers indicates a desire to
benefit the children in their charge. These teachers evidently devote
time and thought to their subjects outside of recitation hours, in order
to prepare themselves for their great responsibility, and their endeavor
has been so conscientious and persistent that they deserve commenda-
tion. Efforts have been made to make the school- rooms attractive.
It is my observation that an intelligent, magnetic teacher, exerting
herself for the good of the child (with attractive surroundings), solves
many problems of school management.
Arbor day was celebrated, not only with recitations and songs^
making an entertainment, but in many cases lessons on trees, their
uses, varieties, distribution, &c., were given by the various teachers in
their class-rooms.
In the fall I announced to the teachers that an exhibition of the
regular class work would be held near the end of the school year..
The object was twofold —
First, To improve the general character of school work by giving'
pupils a direct incentive to efforts ; and.
Second. To awaken public interest in the schools.
A syllabus of the work was given each teacher, and the following
extracts from a report prepared by Mr. Samuel Wilson, and published
in the local newspapers, will show the range of the plan :
" The exhibition was a most pleasing revelation to the public, inclu-
ding many parents, who were in ignorance of the methods of school
work.
" The exhibits were displayed upon tables and the walls of the
several rooms, one room being devoted to kindergarten work, another
to language, others to mathematics, sciences, &c.
" The kindergarten work is quite new and especially interesting.
" The exhibit consists of modelings in putty and clay ; arrange-
ments of colored papers cut in great variety of forms, teaching pre-
cision, artistic blending of colors and beauty of form ; colored papers
woven into chains, stitching upon cards, showing figures of animals,
flowers, &c. ; folded papers, teaching neatness and accuracy ; combi-
10
146 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
nations of toothpicks and peas into great variety of objects, teaching
ingenuity and developing powers of construction.
" First principles of language were also taught in this department
by means of blocks and cards containing simple words for arrange-
ment into sentences.
" A stroll through the language exhibit left an impression of a
mass of writing displayed upon the walls and tables, but a close
inspection with the lucid explanations of an expert in this department,
revealed a very interesting display. Here were stories written by
'pupils, the method being for the teacher to read a selection, and then
for the pupils to reproduce it from memory in their own language.
A most interesting feature was the picture stories. Pupils were
handed a picture, and required to write a story descriptive of the
same, thus developing powers of observation, imagination and use of
language. Abstracts of history, literary sketches, &c., were produced
in like manner, and it was interesting to trace the development of the
use of language from the single idea expressed by the little tots, to
the beautifully- written and carefully- expressed abstracts of literature
exhibited by the Senior class in the high school.
" Without exception, the most popular exhibit in this room was
the 'Junior Herald,' a model newspaper prepared by the junior
high school boys.
" This was a very creditable paper, both in form and matter. The
work had been carefully executed with typewriter, and arranged in
columns upon the four pages, and contained editorials, correspon-
dence, sketches by reporters, interviews, " splinters " and advertise-
ments.
"The room devoted to mathematics contained examples of work
actually done in class under the eyes of the teachers. The book-
keeping exhibit showed neatness and precision.
"The science-room was interesting. Here we observed memory
sketches of geography, physiology, physical geography, chemistry and
mechanics, and many well- executed drawings. There were several
very creditable maps drawn from memory in the presence ' of the
teachers, and others drawn in like manner in five minutes.
" The art of drawing is a new study in the Rahway schools, and
the proficiency shown by some pupils in this direction is therefore
remarkable.
"A very interesting exhibition of class exercises was given in the
gymnasium, recitations being given as follows by the classes of the
teachers named :
" Reading, Miss Farrell's ; Numbers, Miss Lizzie Freeman's ;
Phonics, Miss Nellie Martin's ; Elementary History, Miss Jewell's ;
Elementary Language, Miss Halliday's; Elementary Physiology,
Miss Scisco's.
"These were all primary classes, and illustrated the greatly-im-
proved modern methods of teaching. The little folks, as well as
KED BANK. 147
"their teachers, acquitted themselves very creditably. It is very evi-
dent that the modern teacher must be a teacher, and not simply a
recitation hearer, and this speaks very forcibly for employment of
thoroughly-drilled normal graduates as teachers.
" In comparing the old methods with the new, the chief contrast is
in the use that is made of the eye in impressing knowledge upon the
mind ; also the efforts that are made to teach why things are, and to
awaken and stimulate the reflective and reasoning faculties. There
is undoubted wisdom in the improved methods, for everybody knows
that an impression made through the eye is more real and lasting than
any description in words through the ear."
Our high school is doing good work, and all our schools are
steadily progressing. No fair critic could do otherwise than commend
them. The character of the work is better than that formerly done,
and greater interest has been taken in study, owing to the tests of
scholarship made. Most of the teachers have been painstaking and
zealous, and there has been a unity of purpose. To say there are no
^aws would be foolish, but to say that we are ahead of old ideas and
better in attainments is true.
RED BANK.
Richard Case, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — We lack suitable buildings, especially for our high school
department. The three now in use are an eight- room building, in
whidh are children of all grades, from the first year in school to the
eleventh ; a four-room building, with grades from the first to the
sixth; a one- room building (rented), with first and second grades.
By using the basement of our largest building, we make room for a
high school, but work under great difficulties. Our school accommo-
dations are improving, however. The Fuller- Warren system of
heating and ventilating, introduced this year, makes pure air possible
in most of our school-rooms, even in their crowded state, and we hope
soon to have a new building which will enable us to compete in
excellence with our neighbors at Long Branch and Asbury Park.
Our course of study covers eleven years, and includes the usual
work of primary and grammar schools, with an English scientific
high school course of three years ; Latin through Caesar is elective ;
148 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
music and drawing are taught in all grades by a special teacher. The-
Ling system of gymnastics is used in all grades. Next year we pro-
pose to introduce manual training under a special teacher as a required
study in the grammar grades, and as an elective in the high school.
The industrial work in the primary classes will be increased by the
addition of sewing.
All teaching above the seventh grade is specialized, and next year
we propose to specialize the work of the sixth and seventh grades
also.
Our library contains nearly eight hundred volumes, which are
largely used in connection with the work in geography, history and'
language. English literature is taught by a direct study of master-
pieces of leading authors. Reading- books are being gradually
banished, and we expect soon to confine their use to the three lowest
grades.
All our teachers, except four of long experience, have a normal
school or college training. Regular meetings are held monthly and'
special meetings for the discussion of some branch of school work are
frequent.
January, 1895. — All high school pupils except four have elected
some branch of manual training, and are doing good work without
detriment to other studies.
The specializing of work in the sixth and seventh-year grades
seems to be a success.
RIDGEWOOD.
B. C. WoosTEK, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Sir — I take pleasure in reporting briefly upon the Ridgewood'
school as follows :
Enrollment. — The enrollment has rapidly increased, and the present
accommodations are far from adequate.
New School Building. — At the March meeting, the people voted
$37,000 for a new school building, with lot and furniture. A few
days later a petition was presented to the board of trustees, asking
them to call a special meeting for the purpose of increasing the
amount. As a result of the special meeting $47,000 was voted by a
large majority.
RIDGEWOOD. 149
Manual Training. — Manual training, in some form, is given to all
i,pupils of all grades. This includes the usual primary work, with
drawing, clay- modeling, sewing, slipwork, carving and joinery.
Course of Study — Our course has undergone considerable change
in the way of enrichment since it was last printed. We now have
four years of primary, four years of grammar, and two years of high
school work. Our effort has been largely expended in strengthening
the work in the lower grades, by providing so far as possible, room
and teachers sufficient for their needs. This has prevented the exten-
sion of the course another year, as would be desirable. The branches
now taught in the last two years are grammar and composition,
English and American literature, American and general history,
etymology, commercial geography, civil government, arithmetic,
algebra, and elementary geometry, physiology, natural philosophy,
theoretical and practical bookkeeping, drawing and vocal music.
Of the branches taught it is worth while to speak of only two or
three in particular.
Language. — The least encouraging results are usually in the line
of language. After spending years in school a pupil will still use the
incorrect expressions he has learned when an infant, except possibly
when reciting his grammar lesson. Besides giving the usual and
regular lessons in language, rhetoric and literature, we are trying to
have the children read, believing that familiarity with good English
may be acquired in this way, as well as by association with people
using correct speech. We are abundantly supplied with material,
our library now containing over 650 volumes, well selected.
Bookkeeping. — After a course in theory and experimental book-
keeping pupils are given a course in actual business, similar to that of
business colleges.
Oral and Miscellaneous. — Under this head may be classed the
dozens of general information topics in botany, natural history,
minerology, hygiene, &c., that constitute an important part in all our
teaching. We believe it is right to stop a recitation to give the pupils
information in these subjects when they want it. We are no great
friends of special days or special exercises such as are provided for by
recent laws. A school should teach patriotism, morals, &c., at any
and all times.
Special Instructors. — We believe, and experience has strengthened
our belief, that it is best to first employ a sufficient number of the
best regular teachers obtainable, then selecting according to ability
have them fit, if necessary, for the special work, relieving them of a
corresponding amount of regular work. The regular teacher knows
better than the special the proper amount of work to require, and has
usually a more comprehensive understanding of the varying condi-
tions. This plan, of course, presupposes a just and liberal policy on
'the part of the employing power, and not frequent changes.
150 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
SALEM.
M. H. Stratton, Superintendent.
2o Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Sir — During the past year 1,138 children were enrolled in the-
public schools of the city of Salem. This was six less than the
number enrolled last year. There was a marked increase, however;,,
in the average enrollment and in the average daily attendance.
And there is, I think, evidence of a steady and healthy progress
in the character of our schools and in the instruction furnished. The
high school, under Prof. W. S. Storrie, shows very marked improve-
ment. Ten pupils were graduated at the late commencement. This
school is now on the approved list of the State Board of Education.
It is held in the old academy building of this city, which is held by the
board of education under a tenure which imposes on us the morali
obligation at least to provide a school in which students may be pre-
pared for college. This we expect hereafter to do.
The night school, as usual, was well attended ; too well indeed,,
for many of its students should have been attending the regular
course of instruction in the lower schools. Here as elsewhere " neces-
sity knows no law."
We are slowly, but I think successfully introducing drawing as »:
part of the regular course in all departments of our schools.
Generally, I may report progress, and a hopeful outlook for the^
future.
SOMERVILLE. 151
SOMERVILLE.
J. S. Haynes, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Sir — The report of last year for this school referred to a large
increase in the primary department. To accommodate this increased
attendance, the good people of this town have voted eleven thousand
dollars for buildings and grounds. More land has been purchased
for the colored school, and a large addition been made to that build-
ing. A new high school building has been erected, containing four
spacious rooms. The four highest classes moved into it about the
first of November. It has large and pleasant play-rooms in the base-
ment, is heated with steam and has a good system of ventilation.
The course of study in the high school has been extended one year,
to include two years' work in Latin, and a material addition to several
of the higher English branches. It now covers a period of three
years.
The teaching force has been enlarged by the addition of three new
teachers, two in the white school and one in the colored. The corps
now comprises sixteen, including the principal. This is exactly
double the number the school had nine years ago.
SOUTH ORANGE (COLUMBIA SCHOOL).
G. J. McAndrew, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — As I have been asked by the county superintendent of Essex
county, Mr. E. C. Sherman, to prepare a report on the condition of
the Columbia school, of South Orange, for the year 1893-94, I take
pleasure in complying with the request.
152 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
The past year was the first of my connection with the educational
interests of South Orange. I am aware, therefore, that I am not in a
position to speak of the comparative progress as indicated by the work
done during the year by the school. Suffice it to say, that the Columbia
school is growing and evidently has been growing for a number of
years ; and that, too, in other directions than of mere numbers.
Almost without exception, the pupils of the school come from the
homes of well-to-do and cultured parents. A considerable number of
children of school age belonging in the district attend the parochial
school. Thus, any element hostile to the spirit of public school work
is eliminated and the pupils are, to an unusual degree, loyal to the
school.
On account of a decrease in the appropriations last year, it was
found necessary to get along this year with fewer teachers than the
best welfare of the school would have demanded. In the primary
department and in each of two rooms of the grammar department,
two grades were under the control of the same teachers. Some of the
disadvantages of this state of affairs were brought to the attention of
the taxpayers at the annual meeting in April, whereupon it was voted
to employ two extra teachers for the coming year. We were thus to
be enabled to put each grade as far as the high school in charge of
one teacher. At the opening of the school for the year 1894-95, it
was found that on account of an unlooked-for increase in the number
of pupils, even the two additional teachers were not sufficient and a
third was employed. In spite of the fact that the number of teachers
was inadequate, and the school building overcrowded and poorly
arranged to obtain the best results, good work was done both by
teachers and pupils.
The object toward which the attention of the teachers was most
earnestly directed was the better correlation of the work of the
school. So far did we proceed in the accomplishment of this end
that without in any way impairing, but rather increasing the efficiency
of the school, we succeeded in diminishing the number of years or
grades below the high school from nine to eight, and, including the
high school course, with our present arrangement of the work, it is
possible for a bright pupil to complete the full course of study,
including all the manual training work, and graduate from the high
school fitted for any American college or university in eleven years
instead of thirteen as formerly. This shortening of the course of
study without impairing it, means a great deal in a community like
this, where positions are easily obtained, and where a year or two extra
in preparing for a business, trade or profession means so much.
In the work of the school it is a pleasure to acknowledge the valu-
able assistance rendered to both pupils and teachers by the authorities
of the public library. The suggestions of the librarian and the free
use extended to the pupils doing school work of the privileges of
the library have done much to aid the teachers in attempting to
SOUrH ORANGE. 163
familiarize them with the best in literature, science and art. Without
doubt one of the most important factors in the cause of education is
the using of a public library judiciously but extensively. The plan
of allowing the teacher to select and place in the hands of the pupils
in their classes books bearing on the topics or subjects being studied
by them, is an admirable one, and enables the teacher to control, to
a certain extent, both the quality and the quantity of each pupil's
reading.
Our high school department has been well maintained. One of
the most encouraging signs of its appreciation is the fact that there
have been fewer instances than usual of pupils leaving school to
work before the high school course is fioished or before it is even
begun. A source of considerable stimulus to work and interest in
the departments of Greek and Latin was the liberal offer of Dr. H.
A. Mandeville, president of the board of trustees, of two prizes to
the value of $50 in each subject to the pupil who should make the
greatest progress in each subject during the year. The two prizes
were earnestly striven for and were bestowed upon the successful con-
testants on the occasion of the closing exercises of the school in June.
With the changes which are proposed in the course of study, and
with the added teaching force we now have, the high school can
furnish preparation for any American college or university.
The manual training department has maintained the high reputa-
tion so well earned in the past. Four years ago the work was organ-
ized and incorporated into the work of the school by the united
efforts and labor of Miss Elizabeth Tripett, now Mrs. Bedell, and
Mr. E. C Sherman, my predecessor in the principalship of the school.
Certainly much credit is due to both for the excellent plan of the
work. It has grown in popularity every succeeding year, as the aims
and purposes designed to be accomplished are more fully understood
by the public. An exhibition of the work done by the pupils during
the year was held in May. It was attended by a very large number
of people, not only from South Orange, but also from adjoining towns
to which the fame of the good work done at this school had reached.
Of the departments of our public school none are more ardently advo-
■cated or approved of by the taxpayers of the district, and the high
■educational value of its work is now very generally admitted in this
■community.
164 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
SUMMIT.
E. Fred. Knapp, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Sir — I hereby respectfully submit, by request of County Superin-
tendent Holmes, a report of the condition and work of the public
school of Summit for the year 1893-94.
The enrollment during the year was much larger than during any
previous year, and as the school-rooms at the beginning of the year
were crowded it seemed for the best good of the educational interests
that either another school be built or the present one be enlarged.
At the regular school meeting held March 20th, 1894, the question
of enlarging the present school building was submitted to the public,
but owing to the fact that the needs were not understood, and the
plans presented were not entirely acceptable, the motion to enlarge
was defeated. The amount asked for was but $8,750. A special
meeting of the district was called May 1st, 1894, for the purpose of
presenting plans which had been prepared, and this time the motion was
carried to enlarge the building at a cost of $10,250 and to purchase
the lot adjoining the present school property as a school site at the
cost of $6,250. Before work of enlarging actually began it was
found that the amount of money appropriated was not sufficient, and
another special meeting was called for June 24th, 1894, at which time
$5,000 more was ordered to be raised. The next day excavations
began, as it was expected to have the building ready for use in time
for opening of school in September.
The old building has been heated by hot water very satisfactorily
for about three years, and it will be used in the new part.
Ventilation will be obtained by open fire-places and ventilating;
flues above.
The course of study is the same as has been in use for some years,
past, but a new course is in preparation.
The same number of teachers are employed as last year, and the
teaching force is the same except that the cooking has been in charge
of Mrs. H. R. Summer. At the close of the year it was found
necessary to employ two more teachers and to regrade the school.
Owing to lack of funds singing lessons were not introduced as wa&
TRENTON.
156
expected, but will be introduced next year. Miss Vernetta E. Cole-
man will be the special teacher.
All books and supplies are furnished pupils free.
No appropriation was received from the State for manual training..
The work in this branch for the year was as follows :
1. Subject
2. Name of teacher j
3. No. of pupils taught {Kale.'
4. No. of lessons per week
5. Length of lessons
6. Grades taught
I
Sewing.
Miss
Taylor.
24
24
5
30 minutes.
H S.
8th
7th
Sloyd.
Miss
Taylor.
5
2
1 hour.
6
5
4
3
Sewing.
Miss
Thompson.
39
2
1 hour.
6
5
4
3.
Cooking.
Mrs.
Summer.
18
1
2 hours.
H. S-l t
7th j-'g.
8th L^
TRENTON.
B. C. Gregory, Supervising Principal.
7o Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent:
Sir — During the past year important changes relating to school
accommodations have been made. The Cadwalader school and the
new U. 8. Grant school, referred to in the last report, have been
occupied. Two very undesirable buildings, which have long been
rented for school purposes by the city, the annex of the Academy
Street school and the Jefferson Street school, have been abandoned
and the children transferred to more comfortable quarters. We have
thus added ten rooms and withdrawn from use eleven rooms; there
is, therefore, a net decrease of one room. An appropriation has been
made by the common council to add four rooms to the Monument
building and four rooms to the Roebling building, which will give
increased accommodation, seating 400 pupils, and arrangements have
been made to open two new rooms in the Hewitt training school. By
the time this report appears, therefore, there will be increased accom-
modations for 600 pupils.
The question of providing for children without accommodations is
still an open one in spite of the commissioners' efforts to make the
requisite provision. The matter has received much attention during
the past year. By transferring pupils from one district to another
we have been able to partially relieve the congestion.
156 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
in one important particular we are able to note a great advance, viz,,
a reduction in the number of rented rooms. We have now but three
rented buildings for school purposes. In 1890, 14 per cent, of the
seating capacity of the city was represented by these miserable build-
ings. This percentage has been reduced to 3 per cent. On February
Idth, 1894, a special committee of the commission made the following
wise report, which will give the watchword, I trust, in securing
school accommodations in the future: " Your committee recommend
that no more annexes be rented, as it is impossible to procure build-
ings which are suitable for children in any way. The light is gen-
erally bad, ventilation is of the worst kind, there is usually no yard-
room for the children, and other accommodations as meager as they
can possibly be."
A very careful examination of the condition of the buildings was
made in the spring by the committee on grounds and buildings, and
the results reported to the commission May 17th, 1894. The com-
mittee found the property of the commission in better condition than
at any previous time in the history of the public schools.
A very earnest effort has been made during the last two years to
adorn the class-rooms. In some cases the eff'jrt ha? resulted in a
pleasing effect ; some of our class-rooms are very inviting. There is
much to be done in this direction, and there are not a few teachers
who see nothing in the movement. Their rooms are bare ; there is
no sign of adornment therein. The effect on myself when I enter
these rooms is very depressing, and, although the children may have
become used to it, I cannot help thinking of the lost opportunities for
education in such class rooms. Not infrequently these dead class-,
rooms have dead classes. In some cases, however, the aesthetic effect
is worse than if the walls were bare, the room being cluttered with
school materials in u=e or not in use and with trumpery. Specimens
of work hung up in bunches, originally for exhibition, are allowed to
remain until they become dirty, blackened and curled at the edges.
A chart is rolled up and laid on the platform. A table is cluttered
up with old maps, drawing-books, geographies, slates, boxes, pencil
sharpeners, skates, old torn dictionary, all in a very moribund con-
dition. Banners are marked up, a cabinet of minerals tilts over on
one side, a big box of old examination papers is located in a corner,
ancient almanacs are hung on the wall, and books are piled on various
window-sills.
In some rooms there is an attempt made to ornament the room, but
the method is so crude that the effect is not educative. The pictures
are placed on the wall carelessly and with no regard to order ; some-
times they are mixed with maps and specimens of work hung and
pasted about the room, and the effect is discouraging ; in some cases
the pictures are numerous, but there is no attempt to group them and
'the total effect is very unpleasant. In other instances an effort has
(been made to produce a good effect, but the pictures have been neg-
TRENTON— Coj^TiNUED. IST
lected. In not a few cases the pictures themselves are in bad taste,,
are cheap, poor and unworthy of a place in the school-room. In one
instance a colored print advertising mince-meat was hung above the
blackbc ard.
The influence of pretty surroundings ought to be recognized by
every thoughtful teacher. It has been long ago recognized by leaders
of educational thought. The love of beauty is a passion in many
children, and, wisely directed, it furnishes a powerful motive in their
education. A child's love of a new dress goes along with her desire
to keep it clean, and frequently with a sense of decorum and even
with higher concepts. When the dress becomes soiled these associa-
tions disappear. The uee of pretty rewards of merit in the school-
room and the attention paid to beauty of execution in the making of
school-books are concessions to the power of beauty as a motive force.
These concessions should be more numerous ; indeed, we should con-
cede the whole question. The kindergarten, indeed, recognizes the
love of beauty in the child and makes the most of if. Like many
other concepts of the kindergarten philosophy, the application of this
principle is not limited to the early childhood but belongs to the
whole life.
In many class-rooms the desks are not of proper size for the pupils.
The ages of children in any room vary by four years, and there is a
variation of at least four inches in their height. An experiment will
be made hereafter with a view of fitting each class-room with three
sizes of desks.
The health of the schools is very much better than last year. The
statistics of absence of pupils from sickness shows an improvement
in comparison with the preceding year of 8 per cent.
Twenty-four per cent, of the pupils of the city are enrolled in the
grammar schools; 72 per cent, in the primary schools, and 4 percent^
in the high school. All the schools show an increase in enrollment
excepting those in whose cases buildings were abandoned.
There is an increase in daily attendance of 2 per cent, over last
year. On February 15th it was resolved to try the experiment of
using postal cards to ascertain the reasons for the absence of pupils.
Heretofore, when a pupil wa? absent, to inform the parent, as a safe-
guard against truancy, the teacher was obliged to send a pupil of the
school as a messenger. This withdraws him from the school during^
his recitations, and subjects him to danger if there be contagious dis-
ease in the house that he visits. As a general principle, also, children
should not be sent on school errands if it is possible to avoid doing so.
In the matter of tardiness the general advance has been very per-
ceptible. The highest number of cases of tardiness per hundred of
attendance this year is 297; last year it was 810. Truancy is very
nearly obliterated in Trenton. Eleven schools have advanced in the
matter of obliterating truancy or else show no retrogression. Two
schools show no truancy at all. The highest average, 4.8 cases per
158 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
100 pupils enrolled, is very small when one considers that these 100
pupils had in all, during the year, 40,000 chances to play truant, and
of these less than five chances were taken.
The methods of recitation once very prevalent are rapidly dis-
appearing. In a very few places may be heard occasionally the sing-
song, slip-shod, spiritless, mechanical recitation, but this condition of
things has become very rare, and is dying out. That it exists at all
is not to our credit.
A fault which disappears more slowly is that of inaccuracy in reci-
lation and in teaching. It is not general, but is sufficiently diflfused
to vitiate much of the work done in the schools. I have brought
much pressure to bear on this fault during the past year, and I am
confident that we are making steady progress toward its extinction.
In one other particular the progress of our pupils may be gauged,
viz., in the degree of attention paid to the instruction given. A
teacher who does not usually secure the attention of her class is an
unsuccessful teacher. My earlier note-books of visitation have many
references to feeble, intermittent or spasmodic attention on the part
of classes. My later notes contain such references only in the cases
of incompetent teachers. Gradually the attitude of our classes toward
their work is becoming that of animated interest.
The progress of the schools in methods of teaching and study
guarantees corresponding progress in methods of discipline. Indeed,
modern methods of teaching are impossible with ancient methods of
discipline. Interest, which is the mainspring and test of the modern
method, excludes idling, which is the fruitful source of disorder. The
opportunities for dawdling, pottering and otherwise wasting time in
the class-rooms are numerous. It is to the credit of our teachers that
in many cases these leaks have been closed up. As a consequence,
much of what is called disorder fails to appear. For example, the
hubbub which prevails in some class-rooms, and is to be distinguished
from the noise which is occasioned by a healthy interest, is almost
always found associated with idle class-room habits.
A fact closely related to the advance in our methods of discipline is
the intimate relation which our teachers hold to the children. The
formal relation of teacher and pupil is giving way to a more natural
state of things, more nearly approximating the family relation. For
instance, children are called by their Christian names. If a pugil is
addressed as Johnson, or even as Master Johnson, he can hardly come
as close to his teacher as when called George.
At this point it may be proper to speak of a humanizing influence,
that of charity, which has pervaded our schools during the past
winter, a winter of great distress among many who have heretofore
known little of distress. Our schools have frequently brought in
contributions of food and clothing, which have been distributed to
the needy of the neighborhood.
A system of monthly reports has been introduced during the past
TRENTON— Continued. 159
year. Two forms are used ; the first is a beautiful card and is a
certificate of merit ; the second is a yellow paper report given in all
■cases in which the above report cannot be given. It calls the atten-
tion of the parent to the failure of the pupil to do good work,
indicates the line in which improvement is necessary and gives other
information which the parent should have. The first report is wel-
comed by all children who have the happiness to receive it. It is
awarded for effort rather than attainment. There are no regulations
prescribing the conditions under which each report is given. In
January the commission ordered the preparation of an annual testi-
monial. This testimonial, which is a very handsome affair, was
awarded to the pupils last June. I call attention to the fact that we
have taken a long step forward in basing these testimonials on effort
rather than on attainment.
In my last report to you I referred to a revolution which we have
-effected in the matter of high school commencements. The second
commencement on the new plan was held last June. Its superiority
to the former style of commencement was more apparent than ever on
this occasion. In the last commencement the only essays read were
the salutatory and valedictory. The singing of the great chorus of
high school pupils was vigorous and very nearly perfect as regards
rythm, pitch and phrasing. The credit of this success is due to the
supervisor of music, Miss Lottie G. Johnson. The address was
delivered by the Rev. Dr. Frazier, of Newark. A high school
alumni association has been formed during the past year.
A great advance has been made in evening school management.
The plan requiring of the pupils a deposit of one dollar was put in
force last year. The report of the committee is interesting and is as
follows : " In order to protect those who give their time and really
want to learn, the committee on evening schools require a deposit of
one dollar from each pupil when he receives a ticket of admission.
This deposit will be refunded at the end of the term, or sooner, if the
pupil leaves school for a satisfactory cause, provided that he is
studious and his conduct and attendance meet the approval of the
principal of the school. Pupils who absent themselves from the
schools continuously and unnecessarily without permission, shall for-
feit their deposit and their names shall be dropped from the register ;
no applicants shall be excused from making this deposit except by
special permission of the committee ; those pupils whose attendance
this year reaches 90 per cent, shall be excused from making the
deposit next year. Certificates of proficiency shall be awarded to
those who complete the term ; such certificates shall state the number
of days during which the pupil has attended the evening school for
the term. Such certificates shall be presented to the principal at the
beginning of the following season by such pupils as desire to claim
exemption from the one-dollar deposit."
There were 528 who deposited the dollar, of whom 161 forfeited
160 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
their claim by absence or bad conduct. There were 50 admitted on-
permit. The recommendation of the committee regarding certificates
of proficiency was a very important one, and was followed by results
of the most satisfactory character.
A review of the work of the past year in evening schools is very
encouraging. The plan of requiring the deposit of one dollar has
reduced our enrollment 43 per cent., but it has emphatically increased
the beneficial influence of the schools. In 1893 the number who
received decided benefit from the schools was only 17 per cent, of the
whole. Last year it was 51 per cent. Referring to the melancholy
record of pupils who received no lasting benefit, the percentages
stand 38 in 1893 and 15 in 1894. These figures indicate a remark-
able change. Nor is this the end of the improvement. Conditions-
ought to grow better every year. The discipline during the past year
has been excellent. A noticeable advance is the increase in the
number of girls attending the schools, the percentage going up from
15 in 1893 to 22 in 1894. This indicates an increased confidence in
the new conditions. I record with my indorsement what Mr. Rior-
dan, supervisor of evening schools for Worcester, Mass., fays :;
"The presence of girls and young women invariably has a refining
influence upon the male portion of the pupils. When young women
who would like to attend evening schools, or their parents, learn the
actual condition of things, I have no doubt but that the number of
females will be largely increased."
In the evening high school the enrollment has not only increased
in percentage of attendance but has actually increased in numbers^
enrolling 210, as against 142 last year; an increase of 48 per cent.
The gain is seen more clearly when it is noted that this year the high
school had 49 cent, of the total evening school enrollment against 1 9 per
cent, last year. This school has become very popular. Each department
shows an increase; that of mathematics, 152 per cent. ; bookkeeping,.
33 per cent.; stenography, 149 per cent. ; drawing, 2 per cent. The
per cent, of shrinkage during the term is less than that of last year,
except in the case of stenography. The shrinkage in the case of
stenography is easily explained. It is the subject which more than
any other discourages the student. Shrinkage is the law, and it is a
matter of gratification that in our case the shrinkage is less than i&
usually the case.
The following are the facts concerning the kinds of certificates
held by our teachers :
Graduates of a State normal school, 51 ; graduates of the citj
training school, 13.
Of the other teachers, many are well educated and have acquired
•xperience in the school-room.
Of the eligible applicants the following is the classification : State
l^^ormal School graduates, 2; city training school graduates, 12.
Only 32 of our teachers have had an experience of only three
TRENTON— Continued. 161
years or less, and of these, 63 per cent, are graduates of a Sta;te normal
school or city training school.
By the rules of the commission a teacher can be appointed only
from two classes, viz., graduates of a normal school holding a second
grade State certificate, and graduates of the city training school. In
either case the applicant must also have taken a complete high school
course.
Eight young ladies finished their course at the training school in
June and received an honorary certificate of graduation. The schedule
of studies pursued at the training school is as follows : critic class,
general method?, psychology, methods in music and drawing, the two
latter studies on alternate weeks during the whole year, methods in
geography, language, arithmetic, reading. This schedule continues
until the 1st of February. From the 1st of February during the
remainder of the year the schedule is as follows : methods in history,
elementary science, hygiene, physical culture, psychology. Attendance
on the teachers' semi-monthly classes in applied psychology is also
required.
The time not employed in the above schedule is given to practice
work in the class-room. The reading course with memoranda to be
filled has been continued during the past year. The books read are
" Theory and Practice of Teaching," Page ; " Lectures on Teaching,"
Fitch ; " Talks on Teaching," Parker ; " Mistakes in Teaching,"
Hughes ; " Primary Methods," Hailman ; " Lectures on the Science
and Art of Education," Payne.
In my judgment, the best method of procedure is found in carry-
ing on the two kinds of training — theoretical and practical — simulta-
neously. In our training school a part of each week is given to
teaching and a part to principles, <&c. This plan enables the pupil-
teacher to revise her theories in the light of experience ; it gives her
something of the experience of a regular teacher. Much of the
instruction in principles and methods can be appropriated only if put
to the test of trial. It is the old law of '^ education by doing," which
applies to the normal pupil equally with the primary pupil. But if
the instruction in theory is given in a lump, and the practice taken in
the same way, much of the theory will not be digested and will find
little expression in the teaching. In the work of the regular teacher
progress comes from testing a theory, which, being found imperfect,
is reconsidered and retested. We therefore carry the practice- teach-
ing throughout the whole course, giving it about one-half the time.
Our method of training, in teaching the various subjects of the
common school curriculum, are (a) by writing outlines of lessons ; (6)
by giving lessons to fellow pupil-teachers ; (c) by the study of books
or periodicals devoted to methods of teaching ; (d) by lectures. In
addition to these methods we train by a wise manipulation of the
training school portion of the course. The practice school runs
parallel with the theoretical course as suggested above, and thus the
11
162 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
opportunity for the application of theory to the teaching of each sub-
ject, and the verification, reconsideration and revision of theories is
ample, and the most accurate views as to the proper methods of teach-
ing the various subjects are attained.
In observing the work of the training teachers in the training
school, we gain the maximum of results by permitting the pupil-
teacher to spend a reasonable time, several weeks, with the training
teacher. The plan of allowing the pupil-teacher to remain a short
time only in a given room is dissipation, and results in superficiality.
Child-study can flourish only where there is opportunity for study,
and this requires time. Under our method the pupil-teacher can
take up the teaching of each study in detail ; she can observe, then
teach a prescribed lesson, then lislen to criticism on her teaching,
then observe from her new standpoint, and so on until her teaching
is acceptable and she can teach independently. This prolonged course
is necessary even if it limits the number of grades through which the
pupil-teacher may pass.
As each of our classes has a training teacher, very valuable criticism
is given in quiet conversation between the pupil- teacher and the
training teacher. If the pupil-teacher remains a reasonable time in
one room, these conversations are so frequent and the relations
between the two teachers become so intimate that the criticism
becomes very individual.
The most valuable kind of criticism is given, however, in the
critic class. This class is held once a week, and is presided over by
the principal of the training school. The criticisms on each pupil-
teacher are read in class. At first there is sensitiveness on the part of
the pupil- teacher, but our experience is, that where the matter is
managed wisely and kindly, this feeling disappears. The error of
one pupil-teacher reported by a training teacher is often a typical
error of any other member of the training class. The general dis-
cussion of the points of criticism in open class proves exceedingly
helpful and stimulating to all present.
In testing the pupil- teacher's efficiency we avoid formal examina-
tions as much as possible. This year we applied the rule for honorary
promotion. Every consideration which forbids the examination as a
test for advancement among school children applies here. We let
the work of the year count as in the case of the children and for the
same reasons. Examinations are valuable, but not as tests for
advancement. The work of the pupil-teacher in the training school
is a prominent factor in determining her fitness to graduate. This
work is valued by the training teachers individually and in faculty.
The estimates are detailed, and take account of individual phases of
the teacher's work. The various kinds of aptitude are borne in mind,
so that the teacher shall be fairly rated, and a born kindergartener
not refused a diploma because she is not successful in higher grades.
Our hope is that, whether by training school or otherwise, our
TRENTON— Continued. 163
^teachers shall be students. This is the objective point toward which
administrative effort must be directed if the highest results are to be
obtained. To place before our teachers opportunities for study and
supply incentives is the important twofold work of the supervisor.
It is no exaggeration to say of more than one-half of our teachers
that they are earnest students. Of the balance a considerable number
are beginning to study or are considering its necessity. The meetings
which have been held this year are similar to those that have been
held in former years, except that the consideration of the new course
of study demanded a great many gatherings of teachers during the
months of April and May.
The lessons in applied psychology have gone on this year, and
have been honored by a large attendance of teachers. The interest
in this subject is growing. The history of this subject in Trenton is
rather interesting. My observations had led me to believe that the
mass of teachers either could not or would not deal with psychology.
The prevailing opinion among teachers was that the subject was un-
practical, vague, and valuable principally in disputation. Here and
there I found a teacher who understood something of psychology and
really liked it. But even these teachers did not generally suspect
«iny actual bearing of the subject on their daily work. They liked
psychology because of its polemical possibilities, because of the number
of unknown quantities in it, whose value they sincerely desired to
€nd. Frequently the more transcendental the phase of the subject
under consideration the greater the charms. Nor did I find normal
graduates to possess much advantage over ordinary teachers, if their
class-rooms methods were any criterion. I conceived the idea of
forming a class in applied psychology in which the usual methods
should be reversed ; instead of going from the principle to its applica-
tion, I worked back from the fact of the class-room to the principle.
Such methods are used in elementary botany and in elementary science.
The experiment became popular ; the class grew, until now many of
my teachers are enrolled in it. The habit of reasoning back from
the fact to the principle having been formed, its application is easy
and natural, and as a result many of our teachers are teaching in just
this way.
This kind of work does not take the place of a systematic study of
pyschology. Far from it. No more do our elementary science
methods forbid a subsequent analytical study of chemistry. Indeed,
one of the most gratifying facts of the past year is the request of a
number of teachers that I organize for their benefit a class for the
systematic study of psychology. This I hope to do during the com-
ing year. As one's experience with teachers widens he becomes sure
of one thing, that so far as psychology is concerned, the average
teacher does not emulate Oliver Twist in " asking for more." The
design in our city, up to this point, has been not so much to teach
psychology as to cultivate a desire for it and a habit of psychological
164 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
investigation. I am looking to a revolution in our methods of teach-
ing, and I am desirous of going down deep into the foundation*^
which underlie the subjects which we deal with in our school?. I
believe that psychology lies at the base of all teaching. As I am^
interested in the subject of psychology in Trenton, I shall never be
satisfied until every teacher bases her work on psychological prin-
ciples.
A very unusual outgrowth of the interest of some of our teachers
in pedagogical investigation is an increased interest in the kinder-
garten. A class was formed last year, as stated in the last report, for
the study of kindergarten principles. It met on Saturday morning&
at the high school, and consisted of about thirty members. It em-
ployed as its teacher Miss Anna W. Williams, of the Philadelphia
Normal School. At a meeting of the commission, January 18th, the
enthusiasm of the class was recognized, and a motion adopted that
the supply committee be authorized to purchase supplies for the use
of the teachers' kindergarten class.
The lessons were concluded during the past year, but the spirit of
the kindergarten remains. This, in my judgment, is as it should'
be, I believe heartily in the kindergarten and the grafting of kinder-
garten methods on the methods in the older classes. The usual efforts
made to incorporate kindergarten methods and devices in the primary
school will never, it appears to me, be successful, because the design
is unphilosophical. It usually results in a juggling of sticks and
blocks and colored paper and the waste of much money. The fact is
that the peculiar apparatus of the kindergarten is merely the means
by which Frcebel sought to express certain principles. It by no
means follows that the principles find their expression in the same
apparatus when applied to older pupils. The question of applying
the kindergarten to the common school, primary or grammar, resolves
itself, therefore, into these two questions : What are these principles
of Frcebel's and what is their logical means of expression when
applied to older children? I have led two classes in the training
school through this quest during the past two years, and expect to
form larger classes during the coming year from among the regular
teachers. The work is crystallizing. The result in the case of the
classes who have been with me during the past two years has been to
induce a more profound analysis of motive and a closer diagnosis of
class-room experience than I have ever seen before.
The teachers' consulting library consists of 1,485 books; an
increase of 242 since the last report. We have also a professional
library in each of 16 schools and the total number of volumes in
these libraries is 835. These libraries are usually loan collections
or libraries bought by the school or the teachers.
One hundred and six visits have been made to other schools by
teachers. The influence of a visit is broadening. The loss to the
class by the teacher's absence is insignificant in comparison with the
TRENTON— Continued. 165
increased power gained by the teacher through the visit. A record of
each visit is made and the teacher is required to present to the prin-
cipal a report on each visit.
On September 2l8t, the commission resolved that the State Normal
•School be permitted to send its graduating classes into the city for
observation as last year, this permission continuing in force until
revoked by the commission.
The regulations referred to are the following : (a) The pupils of
•the State Normal School are to be under the charge of the supervis-
ing principal, in the same manner as regular teachers. (6) The
assignment of pupil-teachers to the various schools is to be under the
direction of the supervising principal, (c) Reports from Trenton
teachers concerning the work of the pupil-teachers are to be subject
to the inspection of authorized agents of the commission, (d)
Memoranda taken by pupil- teachers while serving in the Trenton
public schools are to be subject to the inspection of the supervising
principal, (e) The principal of the State Normal School, and the
teacher of methods, and any other visitor accredited from the State
Normal School, are to be free to visit the schools and to inspect the
work of the pupil-teachers.
Two visitations were made by the pupils of the normal school.
The first group of twenty-eight began their work October 9th. The
second group consisted of 90 persons, and made their visit April 30th.
The following special directions were issued to the principals con-
cerning these young ladies and gentlemen :
1. The principal is not to be under any obligation to expose his
class to any such strain in the carrying out of this system as will
damage the classes. If, after experience, the teacher and principal
are convinced that the pupil- teacher's teaching is working an injury
to the class, the principal may restrict the work of the pupil- teacher
to aiding the teacher in detail work of the class-room and to observa-
tion. I desire, however, to urge the principal to use this privilege
in accordance with his best judgment, and to exert such an influence
over his teachers that the pupil- teacher may receive as much benefit
as possible.
2. Confine the pupil-teacher to one room, except that she may be
allowed to visit other rooms occasionally by way of variety. Her
work and responsibility, however, are understood to be confined to
one room.
This regulation may be varied at the option of the teacher.
3. In selecting the room, consult the young ladies' preference as
•far as possible, but do not put them under the charge of a teacher in
whom you have not the fullest confidence.
4. Plan her experience during the five weeks in such a way that
observation and teaching may occur in their regular order, and as far
as possible in accordance with a schedule.
166 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
5. Observation precedes teaching, but guard against the observa-
tion becoming monotonous and stupid ; to break the monotony con-
sult the young lady frequently by calling her attention to various
matters that are interesting in the work and let her help you in sub-
sidiary work, such as correcting papers.
6. In introducing the teaching, begin with one study and introduce
the other studies gradually.
7. As a rule, let the recitations that the pupil- teacher is to conduct
be linked with recitations which the teacher has conducted on previous
occasions in the same subject. Do not allow the pupil-teacher at first
to initiate the teaching of a topic. Later on, as the training teacher
begins to understand the pupil-teacher, it will be safe to allow the
pupil-teacher to do this. This is a field in which the teacher's good
judgment will have very important play.
8. See that the training teacher obtains the pupil-teacher's views*
concerning the teaching of a subject before allowing her to teach.
This injunction applies more especially to the earlier portion of her
experience with you. The training teacher, of course, is expected to
extend all suggestions and assistance that may be necessary.
9. The training teacher is to take pencil notes concerning the work
of the pupil-teacher and is to advise with her freely. I suggest that
the training teacher will gain the good-will of the pupil teacher if she
will give her the benefit of those notes promptly and not leave her iuv
suspense.
We have almost dispensed with percentages and have substituted in
their place descriptive names, such as " good," " indifferent," " poor,'^
&c., with a beneficial effect. On July 7th I proposed to the commis-
sion to sta-ike out from our rules regarding promotions all regulations
which look to the finding of resultant averages by combining other
averages, and to substitute the following : The result of the examina-
tion of any pupil, taken in connection with his year's work, shall be-
considered in determining his promotion, and any pupil whose attain-
ments by the above tests indicate his ability to do the work of the
next higher class shall be promoted at the discretion of the principal.
On the 18th of January the committee on text-bDoks and course
of study reported the new manual of instruction for grammar and
primary schools, which was adopted, and 400 copies of the same were
ordered printed. This course of study was discussed in the last
report made to you and does not need much consideration at this,
time. The course of study presented is really a manual of instruc-
tion. It not only gives the work to be done by the teachers and
principals, but also gives full and explicit instructions concerning
methods of teaching, and is to be regarded as a complete system of
instruction for the city.
In the city of Trenton an attempt has been made to study th&
actual child and his actual conditions. The former study is psycho-^
TRENTON— Continued. 167
logical, the latter is sociological. The two questions are, What can
the child master and what is of value when mastered? The psycho-
logical conditions take in the natural development of childhood, and
the particular development of individual children. The sociological
conditions take into account the particular environment of the child,
e.g. the probable length of his school- life, facilities for study at home,
local conditions. The general lesson and conclusion is elasticity in
the course of study and individuality in its administration. The
teachers have taken up the new course of study with great earnest-
ness and they are making a success of it.
Patriotism has been encouraged this year by the observance of
Grand Army day, which was celebrated on Friday, May 25th. This
celebration is in accordance with the recommendation of the National
Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic, held at Detroit,
August 5th, 1891, to the effect that a day be set aside for suitable
exercises in the schools, looking to the development of patriotism
among the youth of the land. The National Encampment at Wash-
ington, September 20th, 1892, adopted this recommendation, and the
State Encampment, held at Trenton, February 8th, 1893, recom-
mended that the Friday preceding Memorial day be selected as the
day for such exercises in New Jersey. The day was observed in all
the schools with great enthusiasm. A detail from the Grand Army of
the Republic posts of this city was present at each school. I believe
that the occasion was fruitful of good results. I am in cordial
sympathy with this effort to turn the attention of our children from
personal concerns to those which unite the nation in fraternal bonds.
Reports of the supervising principal's visits were made for the first
time this year. The reports show 228 visits made to schools and 841
class-rooms visited. Some of these visits were very short, some long.
Frequently I have spent from thirty minutes to an hour in a class-
room at a visit. During such visits I write critically and record the
condition of things in the class-room, and often take part in the exer-
cises. The notes taken during these visits are open to inspection by
the teacher concerned, and by no other teacher. I have held many
private consultations with teachers on the basis of my class-room
notes, and as a result a clearer understanding as to the faults and ex-
cellences of the work done has been reached. The notes of visitation
recorded in my office also furnish the means for very direct methods
in the general administration of the schools.
The Skelton library fund, to which reference has been made in pre-
ceding reports, had a cash balance February 28th of $807.42. The
property devised by the will has at last all come into the hands of
the commissioners of public instruction and yields an average
income of $800 or
168 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
YINELAND.
H. J. WiGHTMAN, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — Pursuant to your request, I am glad to make a report of
some of the important changes in our school work.
During the year two grades have been added to our high school,
and an assistant procured for the manual training department, mak-
ing fourteen teachers in the high school building, and thus utilizing
all the room of the building. The most excellent system of heating
and ventilation, the Magee combination of hot water and hot air, hag
been extended to the whole building. The furniture of the old part
of the building and of the manual training rooms has been remodeled
to suit the best needs of the pupils and to make the rooms attractive,
cheerful and homelike.
Our course of study has been entirely revised, by which emphasis
is placed upon certain lines of work which, through experience, has
proven very valuable, and other lines added.
We are pleased to report that the postgraduate course established
this year, which includes a college entrance course, has an attendance
of fifty-two former graduates and advanced students. We have made
application for recognition as an approved high school, as we have
much more work than is required for such standing, and have the
best teachera procurable for the work, but the matter at this writing
has not been attended to.
Last commencement you addressed the largest class that has ever
graduated from the Vineland high school — twenty-six students — ten
boys and sixteen girls. This year we have eighty-four, about an
equal number of boys and girls, working for a high school diploma.
I believe this unparalleled number attributable in part to the Township
law whereby pupils from the outside schools may attend, free of
charge, the high school centrally located. Further, we are assured
that higher education is here appreciated and should be maintained.
A very large class of teachers and young people in business have
taken advantage of the evening classes in German and Latin. There
has been a good increase in normal graduates and teachers with pro-
fessional training in our schools.
YINELAND. 169
Our truant officer has not been able to comply fully with the law
for lack of accommodations in the city primary schools, the attend-
ance of which per teacher has averaged above sixty pupils.
By consent of Judge Hampton, the county superintendent, our
course of study has been extended to all of the township schools and
now we are working under a carefully-graded system whereby pupils
are not obliged to be put back in their work by changing their resi-
dence to another part of the township and are enabled to gradually
work up to the high school.
All of the township schools have bi-monthly public exercises, by
which we hope to instill a love of country, respect for laws and in-
stitutions, esteem for parents, teachers, and the aged, and to develop
the business quality of speech. At the close of each public exercise
there is an assembly of the forty teachers of the township, at which
some model lesson is given, general questions of interest discussed,
and general directions and plans of work presented. I think it
•worthy to report that of the forty teachers, during the past five
months, there have been but three absences from these meetings.
All the schools of the township have been fitted up with modern
desks, maps, globes, charts, cases, &c., and every pupil has been sup-
plied with the necessary books and school supplies.
The annual school exhibit of the work done during the year in all
grades has proven very beneficial to the teachers and has enlisted the
interest of parents in school work. As a language lesson in the
lower grades, pupils have written invitations to their parents to visit
the schools, which has more than tripled the visitations of the schools
by the parents during the last year. The plan results in an acquaint-
ance of parents with teachers, a sympathy between them, and is an
assistance and encouragement to the teachers and pupils.
Many volumes have been added to the high school library, and
the average number of books daily drawn out averages one for
each twelve pupils. The manual training work continues to broaden.
Advanced classes in carving, sketching and charcoal work have been
established. With the assistant, the manual training superintendent
supervises the work of the township schools.
Examinations occur twice a year under the direction of the super-
intendent, the questions being generally selected from lists by the
various teachers and thus do not show the bias of any one teacher.
Pupils receiving G, 80 per cent, average in class work in any subject,
provided their deportment averages E, 90 per cent., are exempt
from examinations and given a holiday during the time of the
examination. I would call the attention of any teacher to the deport-
ment feature of this plan as being a healthy stimulus, and the
excellent results of its working in our schools cannot be overestimated.
The elementary science work is continuing, improved by the experi-
ence of our teachers and is giving results surprising to parents and
•even to the teachers themselves.
170 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
WASHINGTON BOROUGH.
James H. Griffith, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — Thus far during the present school year we have registered
695 pupils. There are thirteen rooms in the building, making ark
average of 53 pupils to a room. The upper rooms are well fiiled,^
and all rooms below No. 10 are crowded to excess,, making a need
for increased accommodations.
The sentiment of the people is very favorable towards the school,,
and doubtless the needed room will be speedily and amply furnished.
The present building is well heated with steam and hot air. It is
ventilated by means of flues.
The new School law meets with favor, especially the free text- book
clause. The citizens have voted $1,000 to furnish books and supplies.
A two-years' course in Latin has been added to the high school
course, and the study of bookkeeping has been changed from a three-
years' course to a one-year's course.
The work in the grammar and intermediate departments has been-
greatly strengthened.
While our teaching force has not been enlarged, and although the
rooms are overcrowded, renewed zeal and earnestness of effort on the
part of both teachers and pupils have given a great onward impulse
to the workings of the school.
The organization of literary societies in three of the upper rooms-
has resulted most favorably. The pupils are enthusiastic in their
efforts and are developing a praiseworthy individuality and originality .,
The Senior class has raised $45, which, supplemented by the State
allowance, will be increased to $55, as a nucleus for buying much-
needed philosophical apparatus.
I n]
I
;l
VT
■A
WEST HOBOKEN PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 17i
WEST HOBOKEN PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Egbert Waters, Supervising Principal.
lo Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Sir — Probably nothing can display more strikingly the progress
and prosperity of a town or a school than a comparative table of figures.
I shall, therefore, give you a short table, showing what our school
was a dozen years ago and what it is now. I quote from the report
of the district clerk to the town council for the years 1883-4 and
1894-5 respectively.
1883-4. 1894-5.
Number of scholars enrolled 937 2,706
Average register for the year 732 2,072
Average attendance for the year 643 1,829
Largest daily attendance 750 2,150'
Smallest daily attendance 341 828
In the year 1883, the year I came here, there were eighteen
teachers, now there are thirty- eight. Although there are three school
buildings, two of them are hired, but we have now completed our
new school building, which will be occupied in a very short time. It
is a brick building, four stories high, with sixteen large high-ceilinged
class-rooms, each with a side-room for the clothing, with a spacious
assembly-room, wide inside and outside play-grounds, hot-water radi-
ators, improved ventilators, and all other modern improvements. It
stands on high ground, commands a fine view and has large space for
play- grounds. I do not think there is a school in the State which j,
for the amount expended on it, $45,000, is more commodious, better
suited for the purpose, or more entirely satisfactory in all respects.
This fine building, which will now take the place of one of the hired
annexes, is something of which the town may well be proud, and the
present board of education deserve great credit for their exertions in
getting it completed. Another new building of a similar character
will soon be erected at the other end of the town.
Here is another short statistical table, which will clearly show the
difference between the old and the new state of things. The figures,
are from the last report of our present district clerk, Mr. L. A».
Meyer, to the town council.
172 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
In 1875-6. In 1891-5.
Teachers' salaries $7,443 25 $17,231 51
Total expenditures 10,421 25 25,124 29
€ost per scholar 12 10 9 67
The total enrollment in 1875 was 861 ; the average attendance,
S50; the per cent, of enrollment, 64.4. While for 1894-5 the figures
stood — enrollment, 2,600; attendance, 2,077 ; per cent, of enrollment,
79.8. These figures, you will perceive, speak volumes for the good
work by our teachers. Pray notice that although the enrollment has
more than tripled in number, the expense has little more than doubled
in amount.
During the past year some important changes have been made — some
forward steps have been taken. I have now a primary principal in the
main school — for ten years I did the whole work alone. A new class has
been added to the grammar department, which now consists of seven
classes. This department, however, has lost two of its best teachers
by having one (Miss Gilmore) made principal in the primary depart-
ment of the main school, and the other, Miss Elizabeth Davidson,
primary principal in Annex I., whence she will soon be transferred,
with her scholars, to the new building. The industrial drawing and
the sewing lessons have gone on apace in all the classes, the former
being taught by a special teacher and the latter by the class teachers.
The German language continues to be taught in all the grammar
classes; indeed, there are but thirty-five scholars in the whole
grammar-department who do not participate in this study. Although
I fear that, in time, this branch will be crowded out of our public
schools, it serves an excellent purpose, one which I consider of great
value — the study of German helps to elucidate and to confirm the
grammar-teaching of our mother-tongue ; it renders English grammar
more clear and intelligible to the scholar by comparison. This makes
English grammar a really interesting and fruitful study, which it other-
wise is not. You know that English grammar, as generally taught, is
bateful to most pupils and has no effect on their daily speech ; but it
is otherwise with those who study German also. You will never hear
such a pupil say " Who did you see there? " or " I am taller than him,"
or " I seen him, he done it ; " for such errors are impossible in Ger-
man. The case-endings and other inflections form such an important
and ever-recurring element in the German language that the Ameri-
can boy or girl who has learned German can no more violate them,
even in speaking English, than he can bite his own tongue. Besides,
the scholar also learns whence the great majority of our best English
words come, and this I consider an excellent lesson in etymology.
We have not considered it advisable to go deep into industrial
work. I believe that a thorough training in reading, writing, arith-
metic, history and geography are more important than anything else,
for these are the foundation for every career, whereas a training in
WEST HOBOKEN PUBLIC SCHOOLS— Continued. 173^^
mechanical work is needed by but few in after-life. Not more than
five or six out of a hundred of all our scholars will ever use hammer
or plane in earning their living, whereas every one of them will -make
use of reading, writing and arithmetic for this purpose. As the time
is short, and the vital energy of every child limited, I believe in con-
centrating this energy on the most universally-needed knowledge, and
making it as thorough as possible. And I do love to see as many of
them as possible get a glimpse into the fairy-land of science and litera-
ture, into poetry and romance, for most of our scholars will have little
opportunity to do this after leaving school.
As required by law, physiology has been introduced in both pri-
mary and grammar departments, with a special text-book for each ;
in fact, we use four different books on physiology. This is a good
study and a highly-useful one; but it is found rather difficult to
teach, or rather hard for the scholars to comprehend, as now taught,
and I think some change must be made for the better in the future.
The younger scholars cannot understand the physiological terms and
explanations, and the result is not entirely satisfactory. Seven hun-
dred dollars were spent in introducing these books at the start. Per-
haps we should have made haste more slowly. But our board of
education, which is built of excellent timber, never goes half-way in
anything, and as the law required such books in the hands of the
scholars, the board has complied with the law.
I have kept up the reading circle among my teachers, which they
still find pleasant and profitable. Teachers, like children, learn will-
ingly whenever the lesson is made interesting. Besides, they recog-
nize the great fact that a teacher must always be learning so long as
she is teaching, or, if not learning, at least always renewing and re-
freshing her knowledge. The only trouble with us teachers is the
ever- increasing number of scholars, together with the increasing num-
ber of studies, the consequent increased exertion necessary to keep up
the standard of excellence, and the small increase of pay. I am more
and more convinced that a few branches well taught is something
better than many branches ill or superficially taught.
Eight new teachers were appointed during the year and four re-
signed. Of the latter, one married and three secured more remuner-
ative positions. In fact, my school has, in this latter way, been made
a sort of training school for Hoboken teachers.
We have observed all the usual holidays in a fitting manner,
including the new feature of reading the Declaration of Independence
on most of these occasions. Arbor day has served to stock our play-
grounds with trees and to stock the heads of the scholars with knowl-
edge of their excellent qualities. Our June closing exercises have
now come to form such an attractive feature to our townspeople that
they look forward to them as a great treat, and the entrance fee gen-
erally swells into a good round sum for the library fund, by which
our school library is kept in repair and well stocked with new books ^
174 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
This school library, in which there are German as well as English
books, now consists of 1,211 volumes, all selected by myself, and all
well covered and in good condition. About 100 new volumes (some
to replace worn-out ones) were added, and all were re-covered with
brown paper during the year. A new catalogue of the books was
made and printed this year, which is furnished to the scholars at cost
price. As this is the only public library which our town yet
possesses, you may imagine how wide and deep its influence is, and
what great good it does. Every scholar in the schools, whether he
reads any of its books or not, is benefited by that library.
One of the many good things which our board of education has
done toward increasing the efficiency of the work in our schools is the
erection of a telephone, which enables me to communicate instantly
with the principal teacher of each of the other schools, or with any
one of the teachers therein. I find this telephone of great and
important use ; it puts all the schools more directly under one man-
agement, and serves to secure unity of action.
One other item I think worth mentioning. Although most of the
•classes in the main school have been terribly crowded, some of them
with as many as eighty scholars, yet the whole school has, during the
last ten years, been remarkably free from sickness, and I attribute this
chiefly to the fact that the children have had ample room to play in
the recesses, and because the school building stands free and open to
the air on every side. Would that all school buildings could so
stand. The greatest mistake made by our American communities is
limiting or almost abolishing the play-grounds for our school
children. To save money, the children are put in twenty-feet yards,
which lead directly to six-feet graves. And, to cap the climax, some
school boards have abolished the recess altogether. They forget that
the play-grounds are the lungs, the life-blood of a school — far more
important than its physiologies.
WE8TFIELD. 175
WE8TFIELD.
E. Francis, Pkincipal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — For the first time in the history of Westfield, the schools of
the township have, during the present year, been under the direction
of one board of education. The change from the district system to
that of the township was made without any appreciable friction, and
to-day the schools are running as smoothly and satisfactorily as though
no such change had taken place. Adjustments of financial interests
naturally had to be made with adjoining districts; questions of
attendance were to be decided, and the status of each school was to be
determined as intelligently and justly as circumstances would allow.
With possibly an exception or two, it may perhaps safely be said that
the schools of the township have made a decided advance during the
year all along the line.
Enrollment. — The enrollment of pupils has been greater than ever
before in the history of the schools. Up to the present time there has
been enrolled a total number of nearly six hundred pupils — fifty more
than were on the register at the corresponding period last year.
This is doubtless due, not only to the increase of population in the
town, but to the character of the instruction now afforded in the
schools. Many students have been attracted by the advantages for
higher education now afforded by our high school, while others have
been drawn thither from the township at large, who, without the
opportunity thus offered by law, would never have enjoyed the
advantages which they have shown themselves so quick to embrace
and so heartily to appreciate.
The character of the pupils, too, has undoubtedly advanced with
the existing conditions. As a general thing, the pupils take a greater
pride in the good name of their schools than formerly ; they are glad
to know that the high school is taking high rank among similar
institutions in the State and country ; that the value of the work there
done is recognized by higher institutions of learning, and that there-
fore all their efforts to improve will put them in line with the best
that can be got anywhere.
This has created a certain feeling of confidence and ambition,
which not only has a tendency to keep our boys in school longer than
176 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
they otherwise would remain, but augurs well for the future of the
schools.
Buildings. — The buildings continue in fair condition. The Lincoln,
school is practically in as good order as it was the day it was opened
— nearly four years ago — clean, well ventilated, undefaced — a pleasant
place to visit as well as to look at. The Prospect Street school, older
building as it is, needs only the usual minor repairs required yearly,
while it is hoped that the play-grounds around it will, as soon as
funds permit, be made the fit places for the out-of-door exercises of
our younger boys and girls that they should be. In the Locust Grove
school a much-needed means of ventilation has been provided and
the school has otherwise been placed on the same footing as the other
schools of the township.
In the Lincoln school and the Prospect Street school the heating
and ventilation are unexceptionable except on extremely cold and
windy days. While the schools of many other places around us were
obliged to close their doors several times during the past winter we
were compelled to dismiss only one room, for a part of a day, during
the whole year.
For convenience and efficiency of administration Lincoln school
has been designated No. 1, Prospect Street school No. 2, and Locust
Grove school No. 3. Both of the latter are intended to grade directly
into the Lincoln building, which thus becomes the central grammar
and high school for the whole township. All of the schools are
under the direct supervision of one principal.
Teachers. — The teachers, as a rule, have done satisfactory work
during the year, evincing at all times an energy and willingness which
is as commendable as it is necessary. Of those now in the employ of
the board two are college graduates ; six are graduates of a normal
school, four of them being from Trenton; one is a non graduate of
Trenton and the other three just became teachers. One, Miss Lizzie
Stryker, has had an experience of twenty- eight years, twenty-six of
them right here in Westfield ; another boasts of an experience of
twenty-five years, nearly eight in this place ; and the rest have been in
the harness for periods varying from sixteen years to two years.
Surely if training and experience count for anything the schools of
Westfield ought not to be too far away from the van.
The Curriculum. — The curriculum has been gradually modified to
meet the ever-recurring changes in the number and requirements of
the pupils. These changes have invariably been found to be justified
by experience and to meet the approval of higher authorities in the
educational field.
Daring the year Wellesley College has granted to the schools the
privilege of admission on certificate of the principal, and the State
Normal School at Trenton will, it is hoped, shortly also put our
high school on the " approved list " of high schools in the State. A
late visit to our schools by Dr. Green, the principal of the State
WE8TFIELD. 177
Normal, resulted, after a searching but extremely pleasant examina-
tion, in his most cordial approval of our work. With Smith and
Lehigh also accepting our graduates on the certificate of the princi-
pal, although only after the most rigid investigation, it will be seen
that we have some reason for being proud of the advance made in a
few years in the character of the schools.
Accessories. — Our accessories continue to do good service. The
school library has been enlarged to four hundred volumes during the
year, and fifty- five dollars is now in the hands of the committee for a
" mother's corner " therein ; the drum and fife corps has lately
received handsome uniforms modeled after those of the famous Gil-
more band, and will do us good service on Arbor day, Memorial day
and the Fourth of July ; the flag still continues to receive daily honor
at the hands of the color- guard and of the rooms which can boast of
a full attendance; and the press as a rule helps along the good work
wonderfully by its publication of the monthly roll of honor, and its
generous commendation of the good points in our work. The high
school has undertaken the publication also of a monthly paper,
entitled the " High School News," which has received much praise
from press and people alike.
With all of this to encourage us, with an intelligent and progressive
body of men on the board of education, and with the practical
unanimity of a generous community in favor of our best efforts
behind us, we feel still more like devoting heart and soul to the
work, and utilizing every force at our command for the still further
advancement of this vital interest of the State.
12
REPORT
OF THE
Rutgers Scientific Scliool
THE
NEW JERSEY STATE COLLEGE
FOR THE BENEFIT OF AGRICULTURE AND THE MECHANIC ARTS
1893-1894.
Austin Scott, Ph.D., LL.D., President.
(179)
RUTGERS SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL.
BY ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW JERSEY, APPROVED APRIL 4tH, 1864,
CONSTITUTED THE STATE COLLEGE FOR THE BENEFIT OF AGRICULTURE
AND THE MECHANIC ARTS, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAW
OF THE UNITED STATES OF JULY 2d, 1862.
BOARD OF VISITORS.
(Appointed by the Governor.)
FIRST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT,
Residences.
Henry Frederick Camden.
Daniel W. Horner Merchantville.
second congressional district.
Joshua Forsyth Pemberton.
Ralph Ege Hopewell.
third congressional district.
David D. Denise Freehold.
James Neilson New Brunswick.
fourth congressional district.
William H.Green Succasunna.
Benjamin F. Tine Stanton.
FIFTH congressional DISTRICT.
Abraham W. Duryee New Durham.
Samuel R. Demarest, Jr Hackensack.
SIXTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT.
Jesse B. Rogers Newark.
Charles L. Jones Newark.
SEVENTH congressional DISTRICT.
James Stevens Jersej' City.
James McCarthy Jersey City.
eighth congressional district.
William R. Ward Newark.
George W. Doty Union.
(181)
182 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
FACULTY.
Austin Scott, Ph.D., LL.D., President, Pkofessor of History
AND Political Science,
Jacob Cooper, D.D., D.C.L,, Professor of Logic and Mental Philosophy.
Carl Meyer, D.D., Professor of Modern Languages and Literatures.
Francis Cuyler Van Dyck, Ph.D., Professor of Physics and Experimental
Mechanics.
Edward Albert Bowser, C.E., LL.D., Professor of Mathematics and
Engineering.
Charles Edward Hart, D.D., Professor of the English Language and
Literature.
Louis Bevier, Jr., Ph.D., Professor of the Greek Language and Literature.
Secretary of the Extension Department.
Edgar Solomon Shumway, Ph.D., Professor of the Latin Language and
Literature.
Alfred Alexander Titsworth, M.S., C.E,, Professor of Graphics and Mathe-
matics.
Julius Nelson, Ph.D., Professor of Biology.
Byron David Halsted, Sc.D., Professor of Botany and Horticulture.
John Bernhard Smith, Sc.D., Professor of Entomology.
Edward Burnett Voorhees, A.M., Professor of Agriculture.
William Rankin Duryee, D.D., Professor of Ethics, Evidences of Chris-
tianity, and the English Bible.
Albert Huntington Chester, E.M., Ph.D., Sc.D., Professor of Chemistry
and Mineralogy. Curator of the Museum.
John James Brereton, First Lieutenant, Twenty-fourth United State&
Infantry, Professor of Military Science and Tactics.
John Charles Van Dyke, L.H.D., Professor of the History of Art.
Robert Woodworth Prentiss, M.S., Professor of Mathematics and
Astronomy.
Eliot Robertson Payson, Ph.D., Professor of the History and Art of
Teaching.
Edward Luther Stevenson, Ph.D., Professor of History.
Irving Strong Upson, A.M., Librarian and Registrar. Secretary of the
Faculty.
Clarence Livingston Speyers, Ph.B., Associate Professor of Chemistry.
Thomas Logie, PhrD., Associate Professor of Romance Languages,
Edward Livingston Barbour, Instructor in Elocution.
William Eugene Breazeale, M.M.P., Instructor in Mathematics.
Eugene Betts, M.S., Instructor in Electricity and Physics.
William Shields Myers, MS., F.C.S., Assistant in Chemistry.
Charles Everett Adams, A.M., M.D., Instructor in Physical Culture.
Director of the Gymnasium.
The names of the Faculty, after that of the Prcsideut, are arranged in groupB. The Pro-
fessors, according to seniority of appointment ; the Librarian and Registrar ; the Associate
Professors and Instructors, in the order of their respective appointments.
RUTGERS SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL. 183
STUDENTS.
The enrollment of students for the year was 162; graduate stu-
dents, 2; Seniors, 14; Juniors, 31 ; Sophomores, 59; Freshmen, 48 ;
and special students not candidates for a degree, 8. There were also
161 pupils in attendance at the Preparatory School. The degree of
Bachelor of Science was conferred upon 17 graduates in June, 1894.
Of these graduates, 9 had pursued the course in Civil Engineering and
Mechanics, 4 the course in Chemistry, and 4 the course in Electricity.
ADMISSION.
Every applicant for admission must be at least sixteen years of age,
and must submit to the President proper testimonials of a good moral
character. If an applicant for a Free State Scholarship he must also
present to the President a certificate of appointment.
Examinations at the College.
Examinations for admission will be held on the Friday and Satur-
day preceding Commencement week, Jure 14th and 15th, 1895,
beginning at 10 o'clock a. m. on Friday, in the Registrar's office.
Applicants may also be examined on Tuesday, September 17th, at
the same hour and place. Students are advised to be present for
examination in June.
State Competitive ExaminaiioTis.
Students will also be admitted who pass the State competitive
examinations, which will be held in the Court House of each county
on Saturday, June Ist, 1895. For the requirements of the State law
see following pages.
Only such students are admitted with conditions as are, in the
opinion of the Faculty, so nearly prepared as to be able to make up
all deficiencies during the first two months of the term, meanwhile
maintaining a good standirg in their class. Conditioned students
will have an opportunity given them to remove their entrance con-
ditions as early as possible in the first term. It is expected that all
entrance conditions will be made up before the Thanksgiving recess.
184 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Certificates.
From certain preparatory schools of approved standing students
are admitted to the Freshman Class upon the full certificate of the
Principal.
Upon the request of the Principal or Board of Education, the
Faculty will appoint a committee to visit any school and to report
upon its condition.
The schools which shall be approved by the Faculty upon the
report of this committee shall be entitled, for a period of three years,
to the privilege of admission upon full certificate for their students,
to the Department for which they were prepared.
Blank forms of certificate for admission will be furnished to the
Principal of an approved school upon application to the Registrar.
The certificate, when properly filled out, should be forwarded to
the Registrar before the day fixed for the examination for admission
in June of each year.
Advanced Standing.
Students may enter advanced classes either at the beginning of the
College year or at other times, if they sustain a satisfactory examina-
tion both on the preliminary studies and on those already passed
over by the class which they propose to enter. Full equivalents will
be accepted.
Special Students.
In exceptional ca^es students properly prepared for admission
to the Freshman Class may, by special vote of the Faculty, be
permitted to pursue select branches of study. Such students are
required to take examinations, all work in Composition and Elocu-
tion and Military Drill with the class with which they have studied.
FREE SCHOLARSHIPS.
State Scholarships, Act of 186^.
Under this law, a certain number of students from the State of
New Jersey are received into this department of the College, and
educated free of expense for tuition. These students are admitted to
free scholarships on the recommendation of the Superintendent of
Schools in each county after passing the required examinations.
The scholarships provided by the Act of 1864 are distributed among
the counties in proportion to their population, as follows :
RUTGERS SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL.
185
Atlantic 1
Bergen 1
Burlington 3
Oamden. 2
Cape May 1
Cumberland 1
Essex 6
Gloucester 1
Hudson 6
Hunterdon 1
Mercer... 2
Middlesex 2
Monmouth .., 2
Morris 2
Ocean 1
Passaic 2
Salem 1
Somerset 1
Sussex.. 1
Union 2
Warren 1
40
Scholarships- at- Large.
In June, 1888, the Trustees of the College provided ten additional
free State scholarships.
State Scholarships, Act of 1890.
By a law passed March 31st, 1890, a number of free scholarships,
one for each assembly district for each year, is established and offered^
to students in all parts of the State. The candidates for these scholar-
ships are selected as follows : A competitive examination, under the
direction of the City Superintendents and the County Superintendent
of Education in each county, shall be held at the County Court
House in each county of the State, upon the first Saturday in J une in
each year. If several candidates for appointment pass the examina-
tion from the same assembly district, all who are suitably qualified
shall receive appointment to such free scholarships, excess from
certain assembly districts being counterbalanced by vacancies in other
assembly districts, provided only that the entire number of appointees
shall not exceed the entire number of free scholarships created by the
State.
Letters of inquiry to the President, or to the Registrar, will receive
careful attention.
REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION.
The following are the subjects in which those who wish to enter
the Freshman Class of the Scientific Department are examined.
Since all are such as can be acquired in our best common schools, it
is insisted that the preparation in them shall be thorough and com-
plete.
186 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
1. Mathematics.
Arithmetic. — Fundamental Operations; Common and Decimal Frac-
tions ; Denominate Numbers, including the Metric Sytem ; Percentage, in-
cluding Interest and Discount ; Proportion ; Square and Cube Root,
In preparing the student for this course, it is recommended that he be drilled
thoroughly in Arithmetic, as a clear understanding of its simple elementary and
practical principles is essential to a good Mathematician.
Algebra, through Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic Progressions, or
the first seventeen chapters of Bowser's College Algebra.
His preparation in Algebra should be very thorough. In addition to un-
derstanding the PRINCIPLES of the science he must fix them in his memory,
and learn their bearing and utility, and for this reason he should pay great
attention to the solution of practical examples. What is needed is ability
to solve ordinary examples with facility and to explain them thoroughly.
Attention is especially called to the solution of Simultaneous Quadratic
Equations, and of Equations of Higher Degrees than the Second, which
may be reduced to the quadratic form, and then solved by the methods of
solving quadratics.
The student should form the habit of arranging his work, whether on the
blackboard or on paper, in a neat and orderly manner.
Geometry. — The ichole of Plane and Solid Geometry.
2. The English Branches.
English Grammar — Including Spelling.
A short English Essay is also required, to be written at the examina-
tion, on some theme drawn from books announced in advance ; the essay
to be correct in spelling, punctuation, division into paragraphs, grammar
and expression. In June and September, 1895, the themes will be drawn
from these books, which all students who apply for admission then should
have read carefully: Shakespeare's Macbeth and Twelfth Night; Milton's
L' Allegro and // Penseroso ; the Sir Roger de Coverley Papers, in The Spec-
tator; Macaulay's Essays on Milton and Addison; Irving's Sketch Book;
JjongfeWo'w's Evangeline ; Scott's The Abbot.
In 1896, students should be familtar with Shakespeare's Twelfth Night;
the Sir Roger de Coverley Papers in The Spectator; Irving's Sketch Book;
Scott's The Abbot; Webster's First Bunker Hill Oration; M&CAulay's Essay:
on Milton; Longfellow's Evangeline.
Descriptive Geography.
Physical Geography.
History of the United States.— Johnson's History of the United States^
or its equivalent.
Students often lack thorough or recent preparation in this subject. A
more accurate knowledge of American History has become necessary as
preliminary to the systematic instruction now given on the duties and rela-
tions of American citizenship.
3. Science.
Physics.— Students are required to show satisfactory acquaintance with
Wells' or Cooley's Natural Philosophy, or Peck's Ganot's Physics,
RUTGERS SCIE^TTIFIC SCHOOL. 187
Chemistry.— Such knowledge of Chemistry as may be obtained from a
thorough study of Remsen's, Cooley's or Steele's Chemistry complete.
Remsen's Elements of Chemistry is recommended, because Remsen's text-
books are used during the course.
C0UESE8 OF STUDY.
During the iSret year the studies of the full courses are the same^
and are designed to furnish a suitable introduction to the pursuit of
the higher branches in either course.
The elements of Agriculture, of Biology and of Botany are taught
during the first, second and third terms respectively. Mathematics
(Algebra, Trigonometry and Surveying), Draughting, English and
French are taught throughout the year.
At the end of the first year students elect to pursue one of the full
courses, and for the remaining three years their studies are directed
with particular reference to the choice made. Some studies which go
to the equipment of the intelligent citizen, whatever his occupation,
such as History, English Literature, Political Economy, Practical
Ethics, Astronomy and others, are interspersed throughout the entire
four years, in order that students may not only acquire a thorough
preparation for their special pursuits in life, but may at the same
time receive a liberal training which will fit them to discharge wisely
and usefully the duties of good citizenship.
Five distinct courses of study are included in the schedule which
follows :
I. A Course in Agriculture.
II. A Course in Civil Engineering and Mechanics.
III. A Course in Chemistry.
IV. A Course in Electricity.
V. A Course in Biology.
EXTENSION DEPARTMENT.
The work of the Extension Department has been growing steadily
since its inception. During the last year the attendance at the vari-
ous courses exceeded 1,500, and more than 700 were enrolled in the
accompanying classes. The work is conducted in strict accordance
with the methods of " University Extension." A course of lecture
studies consists of the following elements :
( a ) A series of lectures.
( 6 ) A printed syllabus.
( c ) A class- hour, or hour of conference following each lecture.
( d ) Written exercises by members of the class.
{ e ) An examination open to those who have taken the whole course.
(/) Appropriate credits issued to successful students.
188 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Every part of this work is voluntary. Many simply attend the
lectures and do not enroll themselves as students, but all are encour-
aged to take the full course, since a far better knowledge of the
subject can thus be obtained. All courses consist of twelve lecture
studies unless otherwise specified. For the season of 1894-95 the
following courses are offered, to which additions will be made later:
AGRICULTURE.
Soils and Crops (6) — By Professor Edward B. Voorhees, A.M.
The Food of Plants (6)— By Professor Edward B. Voorhees, A.M.
Animal Nutrition (6) — By Professor Edward B. Voorhees, A.M.
How Plants Grow (6)— by Professor Byron D. Halsted, Sc.D.
Economic Entomology (6) — By Professor John B. Smith, Sc.D.
Applications of the Principles of Physics (6) — By Professor F. C. Van
Dyck, Ph.D.
Construction of Roads, Bridges and Drains (6) — By Professor A. A. Tits-
worth, M.S., C.E.
Geology (6) — By Professor Frank L. Nason, A.M.
THE FINE ARTS.
Greek, Hellenistic and Roman Art — By Professor Edgar S. Shum-
way, Ph.D.
Six Greek Sculptors (6)— By Professor Edgar S. Shumway, Ph.D.
Old Italian and Modern French Art (13)— By Professor John C. Van
Dyke, L.H.D.
HISTORY.
The Beginnings of Modern History — By Professor Edward L. Stevenson,
Ph.D.
The French Revolution — By Professor Edward L. Stevenson, Ph.D.
The Formation and Establishment of the United States as a Nation — By
Professor Edward L. Stevenson, Ph.D.
The Eastern Question — By Professor James F. Riggs, D.D.
Vital Forces in Modern History (6) — By Professor James F. Riggs, D.D.
The Protestant Reformation (6) — By Professor James F. Riggs, D.D.
LITERATURE.
The English Bible (6)— By Professor William Rankin Duryee, D.D.
Some Representative Names in English Literature — By Professor A. V.
Williams Jackson, Ph.D., L.H.D.
The English Drama — By Professor A. V.Williams Jackson, Ph.D., L.H.D.
A Century of English Poetry — By Professor Thomas M. Parrott, Ph.D.
The Greek Drama — By Professor Louis Bevier, Jr., Ph.D
Studies in French Literature (6)— By Professor Thomaa Logie, Ph.D.
PHILOSOPHY.
The World's Great Thinker— By Professor Jacob Cooper, D.D., D.C.L.
How We Know— By Rev. John B. Thompson, D.D.
SCIENCE.
Astronomy — By Professor Robert W. Prentiss, M.S.
Botany — By Professor Byron D. Halsted, Sc.D.
Chemistry— By Professor Peter T. Austen, Ph.D., F.C.S.
Electricity— By Professor F. C. Van Dyck, Ph.D.
RUTGERS SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL. 189
Entomology— By Professor John B. Smith, Sc.D.
Geology — By Professor Frank L. Nason, A.M.
Mineralogy— By Professor A. H. Chester, E.M., Ph.D., Sc.D.
Zoology — By Professor Julius Nelson, Ph.D.
The cost of these courses to any organization in the State constitu-
ting itself an Extension Center averages about $20 a lecture-study,
but those requiring illustration with the lantern or by means of
experiments are somewhat more expensive. Details will be given on
application. This charge entitles a person to the entire course and
to 75 copies of the syllabus. No bill of extras will be rendered. If
more than 75 copies of the syllabus are required they may be
had at 10 cents a copy. These are the charges for the work under
all heads except that of Agriculture. For the courses in Agricul-
ture the price has been set at $10 a lecture- study. This is only
possible through the generosity of friends of the late Dr. George H.
Cook, who purpose to develop thus the work begun by him for the
benefit of the farmers of New Jersey.
All inquiries should be sent to Louis Bevier, Jr., the Secretary of
the Extension Department.
Fortieth Annual Report
OF THE
State Normal and Model Schools
AND
FARNUM PREPARATORY SCHOOL,
FOR THE YEAR ENDING, AUG-UST 31st, 1894.
James M. Green, Ph.D., Principal.
(191)
STATE NORMAL AND MODEL SCHOOLS.
REPORT OF STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION.
To the Senate and Gtneral Assembly:
In pursuance of law there are presented herewith the detailed
reports of the following institutions under the care of the State Board
of Education : The Normal and Model Schools, the Normal Boarding
Halls and the Farnum School, together with the annual report of tbe
Committee on Finance of this Board relating to these institutions.
These reports show that the schools have had a prosperous year.
The total enrollment is 1,262, an increase af 78 over that of last
year.
The graduates of the Normal School have all received appointments
as teachers, and the graduates of the Model and Farnum Schools have
entered successfully upon their respective pursuits, either in higher
institutions of learning or in business.
There has been a decided development in the working spirit of the
schools.
The grounds and buildings have received due attention.
Owing to the growth in the schools, the running expenses for
teachers' salaries and other service have been somewhat increased.
The balance to the credit of the educational account is |5,275.72,
an addition of $2,560.25 to that of last year.
The balance to the credit of the boarding-hall account is |5,998.85,
an addition of $5,753.36 to that of last year.
Respectfully submitted,
JAMES L. HAYS,
President.
REPORT OP COMMITTEE ON FINANCE.
To the State Board of Education :
Pursuant to the by-laws of this Board, your Committee on Finance
submits its annual report for the year ending June 30th, 1894.
13 (193)
194 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
8TA.TE NORMAL SCHOOL.
The disbursements for this institution during the past year were
$2,094.27 less than the preceding year, while there was an increase
in income of $670.10. The balance is $2,141.10 more than that of
the preceding year. There is, therefore, a balance in the hands of
your Treasurer of $3,769.67.
The average attendance at the Normal School was 462 and at the
Model 518. There is no tuition charged for pupils attending the
Normal School. Its privileges are free to those intending to be
teachers. A fixed rate of tuition is charged for pupils attending the
Model School, the profits derived therefrom being expended for the
Jbenefit of the institution.
At the last session of the Legislature an appropriation of $10,000
-was made for the purpose of completing the gymnasium and making
necessary alterations in the main buildings. These improvements
have been completed within the appropriation.
KORMAL BOARDING HALL.
The receipts during the past year were $4,978.31 more than the
moneys received from board, &c., during the preceding year, while
the total expenses of the institution show a decrease of $7,015.60.
The balance in the treasury at the end of the preceding fiscal year
was $244.49, while the Treasurer's report for the current year shows
a balance of $5,998.85. The institution receives no appropriation
from the State. It exists for the purpose of providing a suitable
place, primarily, for the accommodation of the pupils of the Normal
School, and relies entirely on the income derived from this source.
To be successful it must be conducted in accordance with business
principles, and the satisfactory condition of the institution in all its
branches shows that this has been done.
FARNUM SCHOOL.
The financial statement of your Treasurer shows that the receipts
of this institution were larger than those of last year, while the dis-
bursements were less. The balance on hand is $1,506.05, being
$419.15 greater than that of the preceding year.
The above statement of the financial affairs of these institutions
indicates efficient management. It is satisfactory to be able to state
that notwithstanding the changes in this Board, made by the Legis-
lature at its last session, there will be no deviation during the ensuing
STATE NORMAL AND MODEL SCHOOLS. 195
year from the policy of strict business management of the institutions
•ander the control of this Board, which policy has hitherto proven so
<3uccessful.
Respectfully submitted,
WILLIAM R. BARRICKLO,
Chairman.
Dated Trenton, December 4th, 1894.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
^Showing Receipts and Disbursements of the New Jersey State Normal School, for
the Year Ending June 30th, 189^.
RECEIPTS.
Balance from last report $1,628 57
IFrom State Treasurer, annual appropriation 28,000 00
'From tuition in Model School 21,835 57
From tuition in instrumental music 2,760 06
From useof books 1,714 00
Total $55,938 20
DISBURSEMENTS.
-Advertising $272 75
Apparatus 969 91
Books and stationerj' 3,707 06
Buildings and furniture 506 26
Express and postage 152 00
Fuel 1,526 56
<Gas 257 00
Incidentals 335 60
Teaching instrumental music... 2,092 68
Pianos 156 00
Hebates 4 55
Salaries 41,879 65
Telegraph and telephone 72 00
"W^ater 226 51
jBalance , 3,769 67
Total $55,938 20
■Showing Receipts and Disbursements of the New Jersey State Normal School
Boarding Halls, for the Year Ending June 30th, 1894.
RECEIPTS.
Balance from last report $244 49
Received from board 51,269 54
Heceived from all other sources 95 60
Total 151,609 63
196 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
DISBURSEMENTS.
Kepairs and improvements $4,289 83"
Furniture 1,835 S9-
Fuel 2,153 75
Gas 2,580 12
Salaries 8,724 51
Rent 437 00
Water 162 16
Provisions 25,160 64
Incidentals , 267 38
Balance 5,998 85
Total $51,609 63
Respectfully submitted,
J. BINGHAM WOODWARD,
Treasurer.
Audited and Approved.
WILLIAM R. BARRICKLO,
Chairman of Committee on Finance and Auditing.
PRINCIPAL'S REPORT.
[Extract from the School Law of New Jersey.]
"There shall be a Normal School, or Seminary, for the training and'
education of teachers in the art of instructing and governing the common
schools of this State, the object of which Normal School or Seminary shall
be the training and education of its pupils in such branches of knowledge,
and such methods of teaching and governing, as will qualify them for
teachers of our common schools."
" Each county shall be entitled to at least six times as many pupils in the
school as it has representatives in the Legislature ; and in case any county
is not fully represented additional candidates may be admitted from other
localities on sustaining the requisite examination ; the applicants shall give
on admission a written declaration signed with their own hands, that their
object in seeking admission to the school is to qualify themselves for the
employment of public school teachers, and that it is their intention to
engage in that employment in this State for at least two years or refund to
the State the cost of their tuition."
" The board of trustees are authorized to maintain a Model School, under
permanent teachers, in which the pupils of the Normal School shall have
opportunity to observe and practice the modes of instruction and discipline
inculcated in the Normal School, and in which pupils may be prepared for
the Normal School."
The above extracts from our School law, compared with similar
extracts of former years, express in graphic terms the growth of the
iDfluenee of our school. The former law limited the number of
students in the Normal to three for each member of the Legislature.
The present law provides that each member of the Legislature shall
be entitled to at least six representatives in the school. The former
law limited the districts offering the majority of students. The
present law protects the districts offering the minority of students.
The former law set arbitrary numerical boundaries. The present law
STATE NORMAL AND MODEL SCHOOLS. 197
sets no boundaries excepting those naturally expressed in the law of
demand and supply.
This breaking down of the arbitrary limitations and leaving the
school open to unlimited growth, coming as the unanimous expression
of the people's representatives, the Legislature, conveys a deeper
meaning than mere numbers. It implies the fullest recognition of
the value to the State of placing the instruction of the young in
charge of those trained for the work.
The friendly disposition of the Legislature during its last session
found further expression in granting to us an additional appropriation
of $10,000 for the completion of the gymnasium and the dividing of
the old gymnasium into class-rooms. This work is now finished and
has provided us with a well-equipped bowling alley, and, together
"with the alterations in the old assembly-room, nine additional recita-
tion-rooms and a museum, all completely furnished.
For the first time in six years we find ourselves prepared to open
school without the sound of the hammer to interrupt us, or the neces-
sity of being greatly troubled to find places in which the classes may
recite with the proper conveniences at hand.
It would not be suitable to close this part of my report without
acknowledging the kindly and effective services of Hon. William H.
Skirm and the respective educational committees of both branches of
the Legislature in promoting the passage of the bill granting to us
the additional appropriation, and of the special Building Committee,
consisting of Messrs. William JR. Barrickle, J. Bingham Woodward
and Nicholas Murray Butler, in bringing our building to completion.
The following figures show original cost and present valuation of
the Normal School property :
■Original cost of Normal and Model School buildings with lot $72,000
jEstimated value of furniture, books, &c 8,000
Value of Boarding Halls 65,000
■Value of Boarding Hall furniture 10,000
Total $155,000
The above original values have appreciated till the tables should
now read as follows :
Former Normal and Model buildings $60,000
Former school furniture, apparatus, &c 8,000
Lot 115,000
Appropriation of 1890 for new building. 40,000
Appropriation of 1891 for alterations, furniture, &c 8,000
Principal's residence and Boarding Halls, including addition of
1892 99,000
Boarding Hall furniture 25,000
-Appropriation of 1893 for new building. 12,000
Appropriation of 1894 for completion of building 10,000
-Additional apparatus and improvements to the grounds 8,000
Total $385,000
198 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
The action of the Legislature has not been the only source of>
encouragement to us during the year. A distinct mark of the appre-
ciation of our work appears in the reception of our last annual report.
This report was published in two parts, the first containing the usual
data concerning the school ; the second containing a complete exposi-
tion of the order of developing each subject taught. The latter was a^
unique undertaking, the first of its kind in our country, if not the
first in the history of education.
To this task the teachers gave their best thought and most pains-
taking effort.
The work has attracted widespread attention. It has been called
for in nearly every State in the Union and in several foreign coun-
tries. Many of the leading educational journals and magazines have
reviewed it, and a number of the leading educators have written con-
cerning it. All of the comments have been most encouraging, tend-
ing to strengthen the conviction that we are working in the most
approved lines.
The continued kindly reception of our graduates, the earnest co-
operation of the school officers of the State, very especially of our
efficient State Superintendent, Hon. A. B. Poland, and the invitations'
to our teachers to take part in the various educational conventions,,
are all pleasing signs.
There are a number of directions in which the efficiency of our
work might be increased. Two come prominently to mind at thiS'
time. Our graduates go to the various localities of the State to teach..
Could we receive directly from the County Superintendents profes-
sional criticism on their work, it would be a valuable guide to us.
Again, it is essential to the plan of the State that our graduate?-
secure good appointments. There is now no official means of gaining-
a knowledge of vacancies. Could the boards of trustees of the various
school districts report actual or proposed vacancies to the County
Superintendents, the latter would be enabled to furnish us this infor-
mation. They have generally aided us in this particular, but under
the present laws and rules their own information has been largely/
unofficial and necessarily incomplete.
ATTENDANCE.
Normal.
Males. Females. Total,..
First quarter 42 438 480
Second quarter 39 424 463
Third quarter 37 422 459'
Fourth quarter 37 411 448
Total number of different students enrolled during the year, 525. MaleSj,
44; Females, 481.
STATE NORMAL AND MODEL SCHOOLS. 199
Model.
Males, Females. Total.
First quarter 252 266 518
Second quarter 256 268 524
Third quarter 269 261 530
Fourth quarter 253 250 503
Total number of students enrolled during the year, 587. Males 2?2
females, 305. The average attendance per quarter was 518. Males, 267
females, 261.
Farnum.
Males. Females. Total
First quarter 58 85 143
Second quarter 57 80 137
Third quarter 60 80 140
Fourth quarter 61 89 150
Total number of students enrolled during the year, 150. Males, 61 ;
females, 89.
The Normal enrollment exceeds that of last year by 84. The
number enrolled in the Model is less than that of last year by 12,
while the average attendance is 3 less than that of last year. The
enrollment in the Farnum School shows an increase of 6 over that
of last year.
The total enrollment in the several departments is 78 greater than
that of last year, an encouraging advance, especially when we remem-
ber the depression in the business interests of the country.
GRADUATES.
The number of students graduated from the Normal School during
the year was 129, of whom 12 were males. All of these graduates
are now teaching, with the exception of one who is kept from it tem-
porarily by illness in her family.
The average monthly salary received by the class is $42.72, a
decrease of 44 cents from that received by the class of last year. This
decrease was doubtless due to the fact that the change in the School
law so postponed the appointments that many of the graduates feared
lest they should not secure positions if they waited, and hence took
appointments at lower salaries than they otherwise would.
The Class of 1893 have, during the year, raised their average
monthly salary from $43.16 to $44.46.
The above amounts, received as they were by recent graduates,
when compared with the average salary paid in the State, indicate
two things — first, that Normal graduates receive the preference in
employment ; second, that the appreciation of their value is increas-
ing. This is as it should be. If training is of value it should be
200 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
appreciated by tho3e employing teacliers, aad it should gain a remu-
neration that would somewhat reimburse the greater expense of
advanced education.
The following table will be of interest, showing the number of
students in the Normal School from each county, the total number of
graduates of our school employed in each of the counties according to
the reports of the County and City Superintendents, and the number
of graduates of the Class of '94 employed in each of the different
counties :
Counties.
Atlantic
Bergen
Burlington
Camden
Cape May
Cumberland
Essex
Gloucester
Hudson
Hunterdon
Mercer
Middlesex
Monmouth
Morris.
Ocean
Passaic
Salem -
Somerset
Sussex
Union ,
Warren
The number graduated from the Model School was 25. Of these,
8 entered college, 5 entered the Normal School, 1 took up special
work in another school, 2 are taking post-graduate courses in the
Model, 1 entered business, and 8 of the young ladies are at their
homes.
The reports show that all are performing their respective parts
well. Several of those who entered college were admitted to the first
forms. Those who entered the Normal School show excellent pre-
paration for the pedagogical branches.
Ten young ladies were graduated from the Farnum School, four of
whom have entered the Normal, and the remainder, so far as I am
informed, are at their homes.
Number of
Total Number
Number in
Graduates of '94
of Graduates
Normal.
Employed.
Employed.
11
2
10
IG
19
85
46
9
37
16
4
15
3
• ••
1
25
2
17
24
10
54
14
9
28
11
5
16
34
6
13
95
3
81
34
7
21
33
12
62
35
8
26
9
4
4
15
7
25
13
2
9
17
4
28
16
1
9
8
5
25
15
1
11
STATE NORMAL AND MODEL SCHOOLS. 201
COURSE OF STUDY.
The subjects in our course of study have not been changed in name
during the year. The curriculum, however, as in any earnest insti-
tution, is the subject of constant thought respecting the quantity and
quality of work in the various branches.
The large attention attracted by the now famous " Report of the
Committee of Ten " prompted us, as no doubt it prompted most of
the progressive schools of the country, to intrcspection. In this pro-
cess the " Report " was made the standard of comparison. We held a
series of Faculty meetings, in which the teachers of the respective
branches compared their work with that recommended by the
" Committee."
The results of the comparison showed that while in some particu-
lars, due to local peculiarities and purposes, our plan of work in the
Model School differed from that recommended, in the principal
features we harmonized with it.
" Enriching the course " in the elementary grades by eliminating
the special and unusual applications in arithmetic, grammar, geogra-
phy, &c., and giving lessons in elementary science, concrete geometry,
child literature, &c., has brought us the most satisfactory results.
In literature, in our secondary work, we differ from the recom-
mendation of the committee by arranging our selections historically
as well as 4)sychologically. The committee would simply give lec-
tures on the historical in the highest year.
In geography we can do much less than the committee recommend.
Indeed, it seems to us that in this subject the committee, instead of
thinking what the child might do, tried to display their own knowl-
edge of the subject, and that even in this they were aided by dic-
tionaries and other books of reference.
In the number of subjects to be taken at one time, and in the
length of time for the Secondary and High School courses, we regard
the recommendations of the committee as much better than our own
practice has been.
In my ]a?t annual report I referred to the fact that to take the
amount of work necessarily in our High School course in three years
overtaxed many of the pupils. That statement I now repeat. It is
for this reason that we have now arranged the High School work into
a four-years' course.
While this arrangement will not prevent mature pupils taking the
work in less time than the four years, it affords opportunity for the
average pupil to take the course in a manner conducive both to
scholarship and power.
The idea of unifying our work is kept in mind constantly, and has
been the means of much economy of mental energy.
Our teachers strive to give individual attention to the pupils and to
202 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
classify, and assign work accordingly, and the efforts in this directions
have this year, as last, resulted in the reclassifying of many pupils
during the term.
The general power of the school in the work seems to be con-
stantly increasing, and this, more than any other, is the test of a
school's prosperity.
Our practice teaching in the Normal has been greatly strengthened
by the privilege granted our Senior Class, through the courtesy of the
Board of Education of the City of Trenton, of observing and prac-
ticing in the public schools of the city.
This practice is so conducted as not to prove detrimental to the city
schools, while it brings the Normal student in closer sympathy than,
he otherwise would come with the conditions he will meet after
graduation.
ENTERTAINMENTS.
During the year a number of entertainments were given appropriate
to the various holidays, <fec. Among the most interesting was that of
Arbor Day. The gifts on this latter occasion consisted of two large
English bunting flags by the Model School ; a large pendulum, Seth
Thomas, library clock by the Senior 2 Class, June division, of the
Normal School ; two bronze statuettes, one of Mercury and one of
Perseus, by the remainder of the Normal School, and a large steel
engraving of " Washington Crossing the Delaware," by^ the great-
grandchildren of the patriot, C. C. Haven.
ADDRESSES.
During the year addresses were delivered before the school on peda-
gogical subjects by Superintendent William N. Barringer, of Newark,,
Supervising Principal B. C. Gregory, of Trenton, and Principall
Henry H. Waters, of Peekskill Military Academy.
GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS.
The repairs to our grounds and buildings, mentioned more fully
by your committee, have added greatly to the efficiency in the man-
agement of the school, as well as to appearances. The old fence sur-
rounding the grounds was decayed and was never a protection against
trespassers, and our janitors were kept much of the time employed
in protecting the property from intrusion. The substantial iron
fence now surrounding the grounds has removed this annoyance.
The thoroughly- renovated and officially- approved sanitary appliances
of all of our buildings have given increased confidence on the part oi
our patrons.
STATE NORMAL AND MODEL SCHOOLS. 203?
HEALTH.
The health of the students has been generally good. Where there
is so large a number of people gathered together there is always-
more or less light illness, but we have had nothing serious excepting
the case of brain fever, resulting in the sad and untimely death of
Miss Sadie L. Vaughan, December 14tb, 1893.
TEACHEES.
The following changes have taken place in our corps of teachers :.
Mr. Edward M. Healy, Instructor in Manual Training, resigned ta
accept a position in Pratt Institute ; Miss Sarah E. Dillon, Instructor
in Drawing in the Model School, resigned to accept the position of
Supervisor of Drawing in Bridgeport, Conn. ; Miss Amelia Cooper
Hewitt was transferred from the Model corps to the Normal corps to^
assist in the Department of Chemistry.
To supply the vacancies thus created the following persons were
appointed : Charles A. Burt, of Worcester Polytechnic Institute,,
Instructor in Manual Training; Miss Margaret B.Parker, former
Supervisor of Drawing of Middletown, N. Y., Instructor in Draw-
ing in the Model School, and Miss Elizabeth Stockton, a former
graduate of our Normal School, instructor in grammar department-
of the Model School. Dr. H. B. Boice resigned the preceptorship of
the boys' hall and Prof. Burt was assigned that duty. Prof. Frank
H. Scobey was transferred from the Model to the Normal corps.
The teachers have been untiring in their efforts to accomplish good
work in the class-rooms. They have taken advantage of every
available means for their own personal improvement, a large number
of them attending summer schools, either as students or lecturerSj,
and others visiting schools or traveling.
The Faculty was represented on the programmes of every one of
the County Teachers' Institutes, and, so far as we are able to learn;^,
very acceptably.
RELATION OF THE NORMAL TO THE SCHOOL SYSTEM OF
THE STATE.
The commissioning system inaugurated two years ago continues to
grow in product and interest.
The following High Schools are now on the "Approved List : "'
Long Branch, New Brunswick, Newark, Jersey City, Caldwell;,
Orange, Passaic, Asbury Park, Plainfield, Trenton, Washingtois^
Public School of Hackensack, Rahway, Morristown, Montclair^
204 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Atlantic City, Dover, Millville, Hoboken and State Street, Hack-
ensack.
This system thus far works well in every way. It brings to us
students well qualified, as a rule, to enter upon our work. What the
system needs is a more complete realization of its possibilities. There
are many students in the High Schools looking forward to a course
in the Normal, yet that their work is as direct for that end as it
might be is oftentimes a hypothesis. There is yet much to be done
in bringing the Normal and the Commissioned Schools nearer to
each other, so they may feel their relationship as parts of the same
system.
The accepting of County Diplomas and (Certificates in lieu of an
examination for entrance to the school is still continuing to do a good
work.
During the year 94 students were admitted on Diplomas and
Teachers' Certificates. A record of the schools from which these
students come is kept, and there is a growing solicitude on the part
of these schools that their work prove reliable as well as creditable
from a comparative standpoint.
MODE OF COMMISSIONIKG.
The followiog resolutions, passed by the Board of Trustes Febru-
ary 6th, 1889, and the appended blank forms, explain the mode of
commissioning. Parties desiring to commission should send to the
Principal of the Normal School for blank forms :
Resolved, That after the date of the passage of this resolution, graduates
of High Schools in this State may be admitted to the professional work of
the Normal School without examination, under the following conditions :
I. Upon the application of any Principal, local Superintendent and Presi-
dent of the Board of Trustees of any High School in this State, the Com-
mittee on Education shall make an examination of the school on behalf of
which such application is made, and if, in their judgment, the course of
study and discipline of the High School in question shall warrant it, said
High School shall be placed upon the "Approved List," and a notice to that
effect sent to the Principal of the school. The fact shall also be reported to
the State Board of Education at their next meeting.
II. Properly-certified graduates of any High School on the "Approved
List " shall be admitted, by the Principal of the Normal School, to the pro-
fessional course of the Normal School, without examination, and shall be
regular members of that course.
III. On the report of the Principal of the Normal School that the students
of any High School on the "Approved List," who may have entered without
examination, are, after due trial, found not to be properly qualified to go on
with the work of the professional course, the Committee on Education may
strike the name of the High School which certified said students from the
"Approved List." Notice of such action shall be sent to the Principal of
■the High School in question, and it shall also be reported to the State
Board of Education.
STATE NORMAL AND MODEL SCHOOLS. 205
HIGH SCHOOL APPLICATION.
To the Board of Trustees of the New Jersey State Normal School :
Gentlemen — We, the undersigned, do hereby make application to liave
the High School placed on the 'Approved List "■
of New Jersey, We do hereby certify that graduation at the above school
requires that the person to be graduated shall have pursued the following
branches, or their equivalents, viz. : Orthography, Penmanship, Elocution,
EngHsh Grammar, Geography, United States History, General History,.
Bookkeeping, Practical Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry (five books). Ele-
mentary Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Botany, Industrial Drawing, Latin,
or German. Herewith find course of study.
Signed,
Principal Superintendent.
President of Board.
State of New Jersey.
HIGH SCHOOL COMMISSION.
This certifies that the High School is placed on the
"Approved List" of the Board of Trustees of the State Normal School, and
that the Principal of said High School is hereby authorized to certify its
graduates for admission to the work of the second year, or strictly profes-
sional course, of the State Normal School, subject to the conditions upon
which this commission is granted.
State Board of Education,
Trenton, New Jersey , 18...
Chairman.) Committee
[seal.] [■ on
Secretary. ] Education.
LIBRARY.
Miss Josephine C. Robertson, who had so efficiently organized and
conducted our library, resigned to accept the position of First Assist-
ant Librarian in the University of Chicago. Miss Bertha E.
Blakely, of the New York State Library School, was appointed to
fill the vacancy.
During the year several hundred volumes have been added to the
collection of books. The students are given free access to the library,
under proper restrictions, and are permitted to take books out.
It is scarcely necessary to say that the influence of this department
is very strong in the school. It perhaps is more powerful than any
other one feature for the promotion of true culture.
^06 APPENDIX A TO SCHOOL REPORT.
LITERARY SOCIETIES.
There are five literary societies, made up of members of the different
classes, namely : The Normal Debating Society, composed of young
men of the Normal School ; the Thencanic Society, composed of
young men of the Model School ; the Gamma Sigma Society, the
Arguromuthus Society, and the Philomathean Literary Club, com-
posed, each, of young ladies from both the Normal and Model
departments.
In addition to the above there are several class organizations doing
literary work.
All of these associations have the purposes common to literary
societies, and their officers report the work of the past year as an im-
jprovement over that of preceding years.
Two public entertainments were given.
ALUMNI.
The Alumni Association held its sixth annual meeting on the 28 th
of June. The meeting was called to order in the old gymnasium at
12 o'clock by President Henry Waters, who gave a brief address of
welcome. About 135 members responded to the roll-call.
A vocal selection was rendered by the male quartette, consisting of
Messrs. H. B. Boice, Arthur M. Hulbert, Elliot J. Tomlinson and
Albert C. McKnight. The following committee on nominations was
then appointed : Dr. C. H. Dilts, George F. Corwin, M. J. Scully
and Mrs. Howell C. Stull.
The annual address was delivered by Dr. Laban Dennis, of Newark,
of the Class of '57 ; subject, " The Privilege of Being a Teacher."
After a vocal quartette by Misses Jennie W. Long and Lena
Dott, and Messrs. Arthur M. Hulbert and Elliot J. Tomlinson, and
a vocal solo by Miss Stella Taylor, the following were nominated
and elected as officers for the ensuing year :
President— George E. Briggs, Peekskill, N. Y.
Model Vice President— Mrs. Howell C. Stull, Trenton, N. J.
Normal Vice President — C. B. Horner, Neshanic, N. J.
Model Secretary— Mrs. Edward W. Potter, Trenton, N. J.
Normal Secretary — Miss Hanna H. Eastburn, Trenton, N. J.
Kecording Secretary — Mr. Francis B. Lee, Trenton, N. J.
Treasurer— Mr. Robert V. Whitehead, Trenton N. J.
The Association then adjourned to the dining-room of the young
ladies' boarding hall, where a luncheon was served. After the cloth
was removed, toasts were responded to by Prof. George B. Ryan, of
New Brunswick; Dr. E. F. Carr, Dr. J. M. Green, Messrs. J.
STATE NORMAL AND MODEL SCHOOLS. 207
Harry Dunham and J. Hibbs Buckman, Dr. C. H. Dilts, ex-Presi-
^dent Robert L. Hoagland, President Henry Waters and President-
-elect George E Briggs.
The gathering was one of the most joyous in the history of the
Association. All of the sentiments expressed were full of cheer and
<hope for the future of our Alma Mater.
The next meeting will be held on the Normal commencement day
of 1895. All graduates of the Normal or Model, and all who came
within one year of graduation, are eligible to membership, and are
very much desired to identify themselves with the Association.
"the signal."
Our school paper was published monthly instead of quarterly, as
heretofore. It was successful both from a literary and financial
standpoint. It met with some drawbacks during the year, but the
zeal of the board of editors, as a whole, overcame these drawbacks.
The experience of the year was encouraging to the editors, leading
them to believe that a much greater success could be secured on the
same plan for the coming year. " The Signal " is deserving of the
strongest encouragement, both from the school and the Alumni.
COMMENCEMENT WEEK.
The exercises of commencement week were, as usual, largely
attended and of especial interest. The commencement exercises
proper were held in our Auditorium for the first time. About fifteen
hundred guests were present, and, while the room lacked some of the
•conveniences of the Opera House, the fact that it was our own room,
where the graduates had passed so much of their school life, gave
pleasure.
The Baccalaureate address was delivered in the Auditorium of the
«chools on Monday evening, June 25th, by Rev. Robert Stuart
MacArthur, of New York; subject, "Some Elements of Success."
The speaker was most interesting, and was listened to with rapt
attention throughout by a large audience.
The February division of the Normal Class held its Senior Eve
exercises January 26th.
Tuesday afternoon and Wednesday afternoon, June 26th and 27th,
were the occasions of the Model and June division of the Normal
Senior Days, respectively.
These occasions were, as usual, of marked popularity.
I
Document No. 31.
ANNUAL REPORT
BOAKD OF EDUCATION'
AND OF THE
Superintendent of Public Instruction
OF NEW JERSEY,
WITH ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS,
For the School Year ending June 30ih,1895.
JVIBMBERS
STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION,
1895.
<GEORGE A. FREY, .
BOND V. THOMAS,
SILAS R. MORSE, .
J. BIXGHAM WOODWARD,
T. FRANK APPLEBY, .
JAMES DESHLER,
STEPHEN C. LARISON, .
STEPHEN PIERSON, M.D., .
NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER
JOSEPH P. COOPER, .
JAMES L. HAYS,
JAMES M. SEYMOUR, .
WILLIAM R. BARRICKLO, .
EVAN STEADMAN, M.D., .
BENJAMIN H. CAMPBELL, .
JAMKS OWEN,
Camden.
Millville.
Atlantic City.
Borden town.
Asbury Park.
New Brunswick.
Hackettstown.
Morristown.
Paterson.
Rutherford.
Newark.
Newark.
Jersey City.
Hoboken.
Elizabeth.
Montclair.
OFFICERS.
President -JAMES L. HAYS.
Vice President— JAMES M. SEYMOUR.
State Superintendent and (ex-officio) Secretary — ADDISON B. POLAND.
Deputy State Superintendent— J. BROGNARD BETTS.
Treasurer of Normal School- J. BINGHAM WOODWARD.
Treasurer of Deaf-Mute School— WILLIAM S. HANCOCK.
COMMITTEE ON FINANCE AND A UDITING.
WILLIAM R. BARRICKLO,
•GEORGE A. FREY,
BOND V. THOMAS.
EVAN STEADMAN,
JAMES OWEN,
COMMITTEE ON GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS.
J. BINGHAM WOODWARD, GEORGE A. FREY,
JAMES M. SEYMOUR, WILLIAM R. BARRICKLO,
T. FRANK APPLEBY.
COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION.
NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER, JAMES OWEN,
STEPHEN PIERSON, WILLIAM R. BARRICKLO,
BENJAMIN H. CAMPBELL.
COMMITTEE ON SCHOOL CENSUS AND APPORTIONMENT
OF SCHOOL MONEYS.
■S. R. MORSE, JAMES DESHLER,
JOSEPH P. COOPER, STEPHEN PIERSON,
STEPHEN C. LARISON.
(3)
REPORT
STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION.
To the Honorable the Senate and General Assembly of the State of
New Jersey :
I have the honor to submit, as required by law, the annual report
of the State Board of Education for the year ending June 30th,
1895.
The reserve fund, being ten per cent, of the amount of the State
school tax, was apportioned on the 2d day of April, 1895, as follows :
Atlantic County $4,890 41
Bergen " ' 6,176 59
Burlington " 6,941 57
Camden " 10,759 72
Cape May " 1,634 97
Cumberland " 11,570 33
Essex " 42,528 66
Gloucester " 4,217 68
Hudson " 41,777 40
Hunterdon " 5,491 08
Mercer " 8,802 11
Middlesex " 7,610 62
Monmouth " 9,923 92
Morris " 7,046 48
Ocean " 7,636 51
Passaic " 14,159 10
Salem ''■ 4,225 54
Somerset •' 2,468 01
Sussex " 6,639 14
Union " 9,819 26
Warren " 5,304 90
(5)
6 SCHOOL REPORT.
By the above apportionment the counties of Bergen, BurlingtoD..
Camden, Gloucester, Hudson, Hunterdon, Middlesex, Morris, Pas>iaic,
Union and Warren received the full amount of tax raised by them
respectively. There was taken from JCssex county the sum of
$8,000 ; from Mercer, $3,000 ; from Monmouth, $3,000, and from
Somerset $2,450, making a total of $16,450, of which amount $170
was given to Cape May county ; $6,625 to Cumberland county ;
$5,895 to Ocean county, and $3,760 to Sussex county.
The following county superintendents were appointed during the
year: Cumberland, John N. Glaspell, vice Charles G. Hampton,
deceased ; Gloucester, William H. Eldridge, re appointed ; Hunter-
don, Jason S. HoflPman, vice Edward M. Heath ; Union, B. Holmes,
re-appointed ; Warren, Robert S. Price, re-appointed.
In accordance with the provisions of chapter 334, Public Laws of
1894, the Board appointed Dr. Lloyd Wilbur as census enumerator
for the term of two years, from the 4th day of December, 1894.
Owing to the elaborate and carefully- digested report of the State
Superintendent hereto appended, it will not be necessary for me to
enter into a discussion of the various details of school administration
for the past year.
It will suffice to say that the year has been one of exceptional
prosperity to the schools of the Slate, chiefly as a result of the legis-
lation of the past two years, which has tended to unify the adminis-
tration of the schools and to establish conditions more favorable to
their rapid and permanent development.
Under a system which divided a State no larger than New Jersey
into upwards of 1,400 school districts, the administration of school
affairs necessarily lacked uniformity, and in many instances had to
be conducted at a great disadvantage.
It was easy to maintain good schools in districts having sufficient
wealth and population, but so many small districts existed, contain-
ing few children and little taxable property, that the widest disparity
in school privileges existed even in contiguous localities. The con-
ditions for the successful and economical maintenance of schools do
not differ essentially from the conditions necessary to the carrying on
of a successful and economical business enterprise. In business we
know that the possession of large capital and the capacity for an
unlimited annual output determines in a great measure its economy
and success.
So, in the maintenance of schools, a sufficient amount of taxable
property, so as not to make the cost excessive to the individual prop-
erty owner, and children enough in a district to grade and classify
properly, are essential to a successful and economical administration.
By the act of 1894, known as the "township" law, the number of
school districts was reduced from 1,403 in 1894 to 374 in 1895. To
that extent, therefore, has the administration been unified and simpli-
fied. Weak districts, containing often not more than ten to twenty
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. T
childreD, and a taxable valuation wholly inadequate to maintain a
good school, have been joined in many instances to stronger districts,
thereby leveling the inequalities of wealth and population.
The equitable distribution of State school moneys, so difficult
under the old Jaw, has been made easier. When distributed as
formerly, upon the basis of school population, sparsely- settled dis-
tricts suffered at the expense of thickly-settled districts. On the
other hand, when distributed upon the basis of a fixed amount for
each district, certain small districts containing few children received
amounts out of all due proportion. The old law favored the con-
tinuance of these very small districts even where the number of
children had become reduced to a small fraction of a school only.
The general principle that in union there is strength, which char-
acterizes every other organized industry at the present day, had no
chance to assert itself. Here was a phenomenon almost as much out
of place at the end of the nineteenth century as the family loom or
the stage-coach to meet the demands of production and traffic. It is
to the credit of the law-making power of our State that this anoma*
lous condition in the organization of our most important public func-
tion, namely, the education of our children, should have been recogt
nized, though tardily, and permanently remedied.
The more recent amendments to the school law, designed particu-
larly to make the township act effective, have all been in the line of
improvement. I believe we have already entered upon an era of
educational prosperity unprecedented hitherto. With favorable local
conditions throughout all parts of the State, with a school fund con-
stantly growing, with a spirit abroad among the people demanding,
better schools at any reasonable cost, I see no reason why New Jersey
shall not continue to hold her place in the forefront of the educa-
tional column.
It must be understood, however, that other States are equally active
in school matters. The great care and liberality given to normal
school interests for training of teachers, the promotion of high sqhools
by State supervision and subsidies, the extension of expert superin-
tendence, so as to give the rural districts as careful oversight as the
cities enjoy, the remodeling of courses of study in the light of our
modern needs — these and other improvements are being most care-
fully tested and rapidly introduced by our sister States.
To the consideration of the best means for accelerating the educa-
tional progress of our State, the Board has given a greait deal of time
and attention during the past year.
By an act passed by the Legislature of 1894, the number of ap-
pointed members of the Board was increased from eight to sixteeuj,
and the State officers who had formerly been ex-officio members of
the Board were retired.
The new Board, as a wholly non-partisan body, appointed to look
solely to an efficient administration of the schools, can point with-
pride, I believe, to duty well conceived and conscientiously performed^^
/
8 SCHOOL REPORT.
The Board has suffered recently a distinct and irreparable loss in
the resignation of Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, of Columbia College,
New York, whose duties as Professor and Dean of the Department
of Philosophy of that institution, made it imperative for him to give
them his whole time.
For a period of seven years or more Dr. Butler has served upon
this Board, and has given his ripe culture and large experience to the
benefit of the schools of New Jersey. On behalf, therefore, of the
State Board of Education, I desire to make this deserved recognition
of his distinguished services.
I desire, in conclusion, moreover, to congratulate the several com-
mittees of the Board, and the individual members thereof, also the
accomplished and efficient State Superintendent and his deputy, and
all others connected with the several State institutions, for the intelli-
gent and earnest manner in which all have endeavored to fulfill their
duties to this Board and to the State during the school year just
closed.
Respectfully submitted.
JAMES L. HAYS,
President.
State of New Jersey, 1
Department of Public Instruction, V
Trenton, December Sd, 1895. J
To the State Board of Education:
Gentlemen— In compliance with the requirements of the School
law I have the honor to submit herewith my fourth annual report as
State Superintendent of Public Instruction, the same being for the
school year ending June 30th, 1895.
ADDISON B. POLAND,
State Superintendent.
(9)
ANNUAL REPORT.
The year just closed has been one of exceptional progress along all
lines of school work throughout the State. The confusion incidental
to the radical changes in the School law, which went into operation
early in the year, has largely disappeared. The new boards of edu-
cation have had an opportunity to become acquainted with their work.
The laws enacted by the Legislatures of 1894 and 1895 for the im-
provement of the schools have been thoroughly tested, and there is
no longer any doubt as to their wisdom and efficiency.
The proofs of this unprecedented progress are numerous, clear and
unmistakable, the most obvious being :
Ist. Larger expenditures than ever before for new buildings.
2d. Larger expenditures for repairs and permanent improvements
of all kinds.
3d. Free supply of text- books.
4th. Increased salaries of teachers.
5th. Greater demand for trained and successful teacher?.
6th. Unusual progress in grading the schools.
7th. Appointment of supervising principals in townships.
8th. Better attended and more enthusiastic school meetings in
nearly every district in the State.
That these beneficent results would likely attend the inauguration
of the township system was fully anticipated by the friends of the
measure. The experience of other States that had adopted the town-
ship system was a guaranty of its successful operation in our own State.
Under the old system many districts had fallen into a comatose
condition, which made growth and improvement slow, difficult and
in not a few cases impossible. Even in the most progressive of rural
communities, conditions were such as to keep the schools at best upon
a low plane of mediocrity. Small numbers, inferior grading, inefficient
supervision, frequent change of teachers, low public sentiment, under
the old system, would certainly have kept a majority of the rural
schools at a standstill for years to come. The few thoroughly alive
and progressive districts were satisfied to look after their own inter-
ests, and allow their less ambitious neighbors to get along in their
own way as best they could. There was no community of feeling nor
of action.
(11)
12 SCHOOL KEPORT.
But the Township act of 1894 consolidated all these small dis-
tricts— the good schools and the poor — and put all under one and the
same management and supervision. The fear which many expressed,
that the poor districts would cripple the progressive ones, has proved
groundless almost without exception. Just as in the cities equal
privileges are extended to all wards and precincts, irrespective of
wealth or taxable property therein, so in townships all parts of the
same will demand and will receive equally good treatment at the
hands of the township boards. The weak can never pull down the
strong ; on the contrary, the strong are morally certain to raise the
weak. Any part of a township that is progressive, and that insists
upon a good school, will invariably get it, but on the condition — this
is important — that a similar liberality will be accorded to all parts of
the township. Hence it is that good schools will be maintained
everywhere. That the village school would be dragged down and
handicapped by the rural schools in the same township has proved to
be an unnecessary alarm. There is scarcely an instance of it in the
State. The age of ignorance and parsimony is fast disappearing.
The advantages of good schools are too well understood and too
highly appreciated to admit of persistent illiberality on the part of
any class of citizens. The only thing needed to start the whole sys-
tem upon a new era of growth and prosperity was the enforced shak-
ing up which the Township act of 1894 accomplished. I may safely
affirm, without fear of contradiction, that all the claims put forward
by the Lpgislature of 1894 to justify the radical re- organization of
the State school system were well founded, since to-day they are
amply attested by nine out of ten of all the school districts of the
State.
It was reasonable to expect that a law which embodied so many
changes, as did the law of 1894, would be defective at some points.
Several of these defects I pointed out in my last report. They were
not radical in any respect nor inseparable from the system. On the
•contrary, they were such as were best left to the experience of a year
or more before any attempt at amendment, since by that means the
most practical and satisfactory method could be devised for their
remedy. The Legislature of 1895, like its predecessor of 1894,
showed a remarkable appreciation of the needs of the schools, and
enacted into law several modifications of the act of 1894 which are
likely to be lasting improvements.
First among these amendments was that recommended in my last
report, namely, that where township lines cut in two old districts, so
as to make it inconvenient or impracticable for a considerable number
of children to attend the school in their own township, said lines
might be temporarily changed so as to include such children in the
township having the nearest school. Under the old system the
<!Ounty superintendent was empowered to make such changes of dis-
trict boundaries. It seems to me, however, that this power properly
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. la
belongs to boards of education of the adjacent townships. Only in
the event of a disagreement between districts as to adjustment of
boundaries should the county superintendent be authorized to fix the
same in his own discretion.
This seems to me an admirable method of settling a most perplex-
ing difficulty. It imposes upon boards of education, who represent
the people of the districts affected, the duty of settling a matter of a
most delicate nature, with which they are personally better acquainted
than anyone else. The adjustment of district lines was always a
most trying and disagreeable duty under the old law. County super-
intendents were constantly petitioned to take territory from one dis-
trict and add to another. Such changes always aroused opposition,
since they meant the taking away of taxable property from one dis-
trict in order to add the same to another. The present law does not
introduce, therefore, a new and objectionable feature into our school
system, namely, that of frequent change of school lines, with all their
incidental embarrassments, but it reduces such changes to a minimum
by reducing the number of districts, and puts the responsibility upon
the citizens of a district through their representatives, the board of
education.
We may look, therefore, for much less friction and disagreement
among adjacent school districts than ever before since the free school
system was first established. This, of itself, is a most decided gain.
I would recommend, however, that changes be made only when abso-
lutely necessary to avoid a real hardship. The fact that a few pupils
are compelled to go a little farther to attend the school of their own
township ought not in most cases to be a sufficient reason for a change
of boundaries. Only when the distance is so great that a substantial
hardship is inflicted should a board yield to the importunities of
parents or pupils to be set over into another school district. It is
evident that in townships of large area some pupils, under any cir-
cumstances, must go quite a distance from home to reach the nearest
school- house. If the change of boundaries has shifted the hardship
80 that some are compelled to go farther than formerly, others, on the
contrary, are not required to go so far, which makes a general even-
ing up. Changes of district boundaries made as aforesaid are to
stand for three years only, giving opportunity for frequent re-adjust-
ment, as the changing needs of a community may require. It is
believed that this one amendment to the act of 1894 will have the
effect to remove, in most instances, all cause for complaint.
I beg now to call your attention to a general summary of the most
important statistics, showing the condition of the schools of the State
at the close of the year 1894-95 :
14
SCHOOL REPORT.
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS.
KKCK.iPXS.
Amount appropriated from income of state School
Fund
AmoiHit of State school tax
Amount of district and city tax
Amount appropriated by counties for salaries and
expenses of county superi»teudents
Amount of interest of surplus revenue
Amount raised in districts for manual training ....
Amount received from sale of distiict bonds
Amount raised iu districts for school libraries
Amount raised in counties for teachers' libraries....
DISBTTRSBJrKNTS.
Amount expended for teachers' salaries
Amount expended for fuel and janitors' salaries
AmoBnt e.xpended for building and repairing
school houses
Amount expended for debt and interest
Amount expended for taking .school census
Amount expended for revising school census of
1894 i
Amount expended for manual training
Amount expended for text-books and apparatus....
Amount expended for incidentals
Amount expended for State geological maps for
schools
Amount of expenses of State Board of Education..
Amount of expenses of Department of Public In-
struction.
AmouBtof expenses of State School Fund
Amount expended for salaries of county superii-
tendents I
Amount expended for expenses of county superin-
tendents
Amount expended for teachers' Institutes
Amount expended for current expenses and repairs
of State Normal School
Amount expended for State Normal School exten-
sion
Amount expended for School for Deaf-Mutes
Amount expended for Farnum School
Amount expended for school libraries
Amount expended for teachers' librarie.s
$250,169 91
•2,026,110 00
1,621,350 16
28,439 39
28,285 77
19,512 34
316,022 50
3,630 00
50 00
f2,2.38,.521 25
276,662 87
592,882 28
208,344 28
18,941 85
APPROPRIATIONS KOR U95-96.
State school tax
State appropriation
Interest of surplus revenue
District school tax
State Normal School
School for Deaf-Mutes
State Board of Education
Oepartment of Public InstructloD
School Fund expenses
Industrial training
Manual training
Supervisor of school census
Farnum School
Free school libraries
Teachers' libraries
Teachers' institutes
39,024 69
125,126 56
157,'2l7 35
37 00
2,878 34
8,923 31
3,551 55
22,363 44
6,075 85
2,096 37
44,064 29
8,149 64
40,965 40
1,200 00
7,260 00
100 00
$2,119,460 00
100,000 00
28,285 77
1,621,380 16
42,493 76
i5,I39 89
3,872 86
12,530 65
3,892 70
11,200 00
25,126 65
1,500 00
1,200 00
4,730 00
300 00
2,100 00
12.50,630 93 i $461 02 increase.
2,119,460 00 , 93,350 00 increase.
2,261,513 20 640,163 04 Increase.
28,508 50
31,992 33
20,503 37
320,781 25
4,925 00
300 00
12,870,719 67
344,468 55
739,500 99
340,964 28
17,532 27
2,002 73
41,006 74
272,119 92
236,102 15
3,872 86
12,530 65
3,892 70
22,208 50
6,014 29
1,897 98
42,004 16
489 60
55,1.39 89
1,200 00
9,460 00
600 00
$2,196,240 00
200,000 00
31,992 3S
2,599,268 46
32,000 00
40,000 00
1,000 00
11,100 00
3,500 00
11,200 00
25,000 00
1,500 00
1,200 00
4,000 00
100 00
2,100 00
69 21 increase.
3,706 56 Increase.
1,491 03 increase.
25,321 25 decrease.
1,295 00 increase.
250 00 increase.
(132,198 42 Increase.
67,805 88 increase.
146,618 71 increase.
132,620 00 increase.
1,409 58 decrease.
2,002 73 increase.
1,982 05 increase.
146,993 36 Increase.
78,884 80 increase.
37 00
904 52
decrease,
increase.
3,607 34
341 15
increase,
increase.
151 94 decrease.
61 55
98 39
decrease,
decrease.
2,060 13 decrease.
7,660 04
14,174 45
decrease,
increase.
2,200 00
500 00
increase,
increase.
$76,7f0 00
100,000 00
3,706 56
977,918 30
10,493 7«
15,139 89
2,872 86
1,430 65
392 70
mcrea.^e.
increase.
incre«.-ie.
increase,
decrease,
decrease,
decrease,
decrease,
decrease.
126 65 decrease.
730 00 decrease.
200 00 decrease.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
15
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS -Continued.
DISTRICT SCHOOL TAX
Number of districts that raised tax to pay teachers'
Number of districts that raised tax to build or
repair school-houses
:Number of districts that raised tax to pay debt and
interest
Number of districts that raised tax for text books
and apparatus
Nsmber of districts that raised no tax
COST OF EDUCATION.
Average cost per pupil, calculated on total school
census
Average cost per papil, calculated on enrollsd
attendance
Average cost per pupil, calculated on average at
tendance
NUMBER OF TEACHERS.
Males
Females..
S.\LARIES OF TEACHERS.
Average salary per month paid to male teachers..
Average salary per month paid to female teachers.
SCHOOL DISTRICTS, HOUSES, ETC.
Number of townships, cities, towns and boroughs.
Number of school buildings
Number of school buildings owned
Number of school buildings rented
Number of school departments
Number of school buildings erected
Number of school buildings enlarged, refurnished
or remodeled
Number of unsectarian private schools
Number of sectarian private schools
Number of school visits by county superintend-
ents..
VALUATION OF SCHOOL PROPERTY.
Number of buildings valued at flOO or less..
Number valued between flOO and f 500
Number valued between $500 and $1,000
Number valued between $1,000 and $5,000
Number valued between $5,000 and .$10,000...
Number valued between tlO,0{)0 and $20,000.,
Number valued between ?20,000 and ?10,000.,
Number valued above $40,000
Total value of school projjerty
Average value
|7 39
12 55
20 72
730
4,314
$79 84
45 49
1,754
1,701
53
5,139
32
74
122
167
3,108
176
501
641
106
118
64
$11,751,222 OO
6,903 42
250
307
174
320
4
$8 61
13 78
21 91
756
4,6M
$82 59
47 04
374
1,780
1,714
66
5,288
40
79
135
148
3,361
7
186
493
632
112
108
114
62
$11,819,712 00
6,895 98
$1 22 increase.
1 23 increase.
1 29 increase.
26 increase.
281 increase.
$2 75 increase.
1 55 increase.
26 increase.
13 increase.
13 increa.se.
149 increase.
7 increase.
5 increase.
13 increase.
19 decrease.
253 increase.
10 increase.
8 decrease.
9 decrease.
6 increase.
20 increase.
4 decrease.
2 decrease.
$63,490 08 increase.
12 14 decrease.
16
SCHOOL REPORT.
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS- Continued.
ATTENDANCi:.
Total school census between fU^e and eighteen
years of age 439,248
Xumber of boys enrolled in the public schools 133,845
:Number of girls enrolled in the public schools | 130,662
Total enrollment in the public schools I 264,507
Kumber of pupils enrolled in primary grade | 179,968
Number of pupils enrolled in grammar grade j 74,475
Number of pupils enrolled in high school grade ' 10,064
Average number on roll 185,185
Average daily attendance 164,598
Percentage of dally attendance on average enroll-!
ment i .88
Number of pupils neither absent nor tardy during
the year i 4,485
Total number of cases of tardiness during the year, 588,732
Average number of cases of tardiness during the
year, based on average attendance i 3.70
Number of children the public schools will seat 249,844
SCHOOL TERMS.
Number that maintained school six months, but
less than nine •-•
Number that maintained school nine months or
more I—.
Average time the schools were kept open |
TEACHERS' CERTIFICATES.
First Grade, State..
( Number granted to males...
■ I Number granted to females
j^ j» c!.„»» f Number granted to males...
Second Grade, State.... ^ dumber granted to females
rr,^- j^ ^ c!* *„ I Number granted to males...
Third Grade, State | Number granted to females
Normal School Life Certificates— Number granted
to males
Normal School Life Certificates— Number granted
to females
Special State Certificates -Number granted to
Special State Certificates— Number granted to I
females
Provisional State Certificates— Number granted to'
Provisional State Certificates— Number granted to
Total number of State certificates granted to males..
Total number of State certificates granted to fe-
males
Total number of State certificates granted |
.^. . _ , „ .„ r Number granted to males...
First Grade, County.... |j^y„^i,gr iranted to females
J ^. J /-.„,„»„ f Number granted to males...
Second Grade, County. | dumber granted to females
„,. , ., , ^ ,„ ( Number granted to males...
Third Grade, County. . ( Number iranted to females
Total number of county certificates granted to
Total number of county certificates granted toi
femalee
Total number of county certificates granted
Total number of State and county certificates
granted.. i
Number of applicants for State certificates rejected,
Number of applicants for county certificates re-
Total number of applicants rejected
I months,
8 days.
351
9 months,
12 days.
424,959
14,289 decrease
138,764
4,919 increase
135,506
4,844 increase
274,270
9,763 increase
183,405
3,437 increase.
79,710
5,235 increase
11,155
1,091 increase
196,590
11,405 increase
172,465
7,867 increase.
.78
.10 decrease.
4,091
394 decrease.
551,036
37,696 decrease
3.19
.51 decrease.
262,976
13,132 increase
140
173
36
.54
60
240
118
496
790
1,004
1,177
18
820
838
1
37
65
102
58
137
102
360
95
537
255
1,034
1,289
1,391
10
832
842
I 4 days increase.
11 increase.
3 decreasi^.
6 decrease.
58 decrease.
3 decrease.
21 decrease.
1 decrease.
2 increase.
1 increase.
4 increase.
75 decrease.
71 decrease.
22 increase.
83 increase
42 increase.
120 increase.
23 decrease.
41 increase.
41 increase.
244 increase.
285 increase.
214 increase.
8 decrease.
12 increase.
4 increase.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 17
SCHOOL CEKSUS.
The school census was taken as usual during the month of May,
1895, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 334 of the
Public Laws of 1894. In pursuance of this act, the State Board
of Education, at a regular meeting held December 4th, 1894, ap-
pointed Lloyd Wilbur, M.D., of Hightstown, N. J., formerly County
Superintendent of Schools of Mercer County, Supervisor of Census,
under whose direction the enumeration was made and whose report
is herewith submitted :
Hon. A. B. Poland, Ph.D., State Superintendent:
Sir — I have the honor to submit herewith the tables showing the school census of
the State for the year 1895.
The work of the census department during the present year has been burdened with
duties that could not belong to any previous or any subsequent year. The act of
February 19th, 1895, providing for the revision of the census of 1894, which was
made necessary by the clianges in the districts, produced by the act of May 25thy
1894, which went into effect July 1st of that year, has rendered the work of the
ofBce at least double what it would otherwise have been. While not deeming it nec-
essary to recount tlie details of that work, I may say that the transmission of the 1894
reports back to the counties and their redistribution among the townships, the tracing
up of their changing custody, the supervision of their correction according lo the
changed boundaries of the districts under the Consolidation act of May 25th, 1894, and
the Line Adjustment act of February 25th, 1895, and the final evolution of a correct
statement of the census of the districts, " as they would be constituted on the first
day of April, 1895," have altogether constituted a task whose complications and
perplexities can only be known by those who performed it. That we have been
able, in spite of the additional work entailed by the revision of 1891, to get through
with the census work of the present year at about the usual time, is to me a matter
of no small satisfaction.
The act under which I was appointed by the State Board of Education on the 4th\
day of December, 1894, to take charge, under the direction of the State Superin-
tendent, of the Census Bureau of the Department of Public Instruction, makes an^
entire change in the method of selecting the enumerators for the various districts.
According to this act_ they are designated by the boaidsof trustees of the several
districts and not appointed, as heretofore, by State authority.
With the view of obtaining the completest accuracy possible in so vital a matter
as the taking of the school census, I have endeavored to remove the temptation that
some indolent enumerators might feel to employ careless or unreliable assistants by
having the aflBdavit state that the census presented to this department was taken by
the enumerators themselves, without any assistance whatever; and I think that the
results show that they have labored honestly and conscientiously. HB
The various tables of which this report is made up are in themselves so full and
complete that it seems to me that no compend or synopsis of them is at all neces-
sary. The tables speak for themselves and tell their own story.
Some of the results shown by the figures will, I think, be looked upon with con-
siderable surprise. Gloucester City, for instance, shows 626 names less than last
year. This seemed so unexpected that I wrote to the Board calling attention to the
fact, and asking if there was no error. The reply was that the figures were correct.
Camden city shows 286 less than last year; and Orange 1,172 less; Newark shows
3,469 less than last year. In the case of Newark, at the request of President
Anderson, of the Newark Board, blanks were furnished the police department fbr
an enumeration to test the accuracy of the original census in the Sixth, Seventh .
Eighth and Ninth wards. After taking one district and finding no considerable-
variation from the original census, the police desisted from further effort; Stil?
18 SCHOOL REPORT.
later, at the earnest request of President Anderson, of the Newark Board of Educa-
tion, the reports of the enumerators of the Second, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth and
Ninth wards were returned to those gentlemen for correction in case they might
be found to be erroneous. They were all returned to this ofBce unchanged, with
the exception of the report for the Second ward, to which a few names were added.
These additions were accordingly accepted by me.
The most remarkable falling off was found in the census of Jersey City, which is
14,173 less than it was last year. But although much time was consumed, and the
payment of the original enumerators was much delayed by attempts at testing the
accuracy of the figures by the police of the city, no demand has been made for any
change from the original reports by the Board of Education.
Some complaint was entered on account of the small increase of census in the
town of Harrison ; but no recount was deemed necessary, since on comparison with
the State census of that place, taken the same month, there appeared to be a sub-
stantial accuracy.
Concerning no other district or city throughout the State has there been any
question or complaint, and it is fair to assume that the school census of the State, as
herein reported, is substantially as complete and accurate as any it is possible to
obtain.
KespectfuUy,
LLOYD WILBUR,
Supervisor of School Census.
As stated by Supervisor Wilbur, the census department has been
greatly embarrassed the present year, owing to the large amount of
additional labor imposed upon it by recent changes of the law.
It is a matter of congratulation, however, that, this extra amount
of labor has been performed in a satisfactory manner, and that the
census of 1895 was not greatly delayed thereby.
The total loss of 14,289 in the number of children of school age
in the State is to be regretted. The loss was chiefly in the cities of
Newark and Jersey City. Protests were received from the authori-
ties of both cities, and every effort was made to rectify errors, if any
had been made. In both Newark and Jersey City recounts were
made by the police departments, under direction of the city authori-
ties. The probability that the census taken was originally correct is
enhanced by the fact that the decennial State census, taken independ-
ently during the same month, showed almost identical results.
Under any circumstances, it is probable that there will be a con-
siderable variation in the enumeration of any two consecutive years.
The diflBculty lies in the impossibility of securing persons as enumera-
tors who will be equally careful and conscientious in the performance
of this work. To secure the name of every child of school age
within a census district requires a great deal of care and labor on the
part of an enumerator; it means, often, several visits to the same
house before the necessary information can be secured.
Since the maximum amount received is only five cents per name,
many enumerators prefer to lose this sum rather than make a second
or third visit to a remote part of their districts. The aggregate for
the entire State, of omitted names, makes no inconsiderable number.
It has been alleged that, in former years, enumerators in some locali-
ties have attempted to make up for this loss by adding to the list
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 19
suppositious names, thereby swelling the total for their respective
districts. This offense has received the severe reprobation of the
school authorities, and it is probable that, for the year of this report,
few names, if any, of this character are to be found upon the lists.
It is only upon the foregoing hypothesis of unlawfully- swelled
lists that we can account for the decrease of 14,289 names in the
census of this year, as compared with that of the year 1894. It is
hardly probable that there has been any considerable hegira of popu-
lation during the year 1894 95 to account for this decrease. The
increased enrollment and attendance of pupils would certainly seem
to disprove this theory.
The practical hardship arising from such variations of school
<}eusus is this : That the State school tax is reduced by $5 for every
name omitted, amounting for this year to $71,445. Considering, in
this connection, that there were actually 9,763 more pupils enrolled
and 7,867 more pupils in average attendance than for the preceding
year, the loss of $71,445 to the State at large imposes an unusual
and unexpected burden upon many school districts. To meet this
reduced State appropriation, special taxes will have to be raised by
■many districts. It is desirable that there should be some uniformity
in the amount of school moneys raised from year to year in order to
enable school authorities to make intelligent contracts for the several
items of school maintenance, and especially with teachers who have
to be engaged before the beginning of the year. The increase of
school attendance from year to year is quite uniform ; the increase in
cost will be correspondingly uniform. Hence, any wide fluctuations
in census which diminish the amount of school moneys received from
the State for any year will be sorely felt. It is chiefly because of
these seemingly unavoidable variations that I have heretofore recom-
mended some other basis than that of census upon which to distribute
the State school moneys.
The average enrollment, or, better still, the average attendance,
would be a more uniform and reliable basis for distribution of State
school moneys. There is still another reason why enrollment, or
attendance, rather than school census, should be made a basis upon
which to distribute State school moneys, namely, that in some dis-
tricts nearly all children of school age are enrolled and taught in the
schools, whereas in other districts provisions are not made for more
than one-half to two-thirds of that number.
It would seem to be just and equitable to distribute the State
money in proportion to children actually taught ; the present distri-
bution according to census wholly ignores the provisions for schools
actually made by districts; it bases each district's share upon the
number of children to be taught, and not upon the number actually
taught. The amendment to the School law, recently enacted, whereby
$200 is appropriated to each district for every teacher employed (the
20
SCHOOL REPORT.
balance only being distributed on the basis of census), has in a
measure relieved the inequalities referred to.
I am of the opinion, however, that at least one-half of the State
school moneys remaining after the appropriation of $200 per teacher
has been taken out, should be divided among the districts upon the
basis of actual school attendance. This would encourage districts to
secure as large an actual attendance as possible for the purpose of
obtaining a larger appropriation. It would have the practical effecfc
of a compulsory education law. School officers and teachers would
use every legitimate means to secure the attendance of pupils.
The following table shows the number of children reported in each
county in the State this year, the number reported last year, and the
loss or gain in each :
COUNTIES.
Atlantic
Bergen
Burlington ...
Camden
Cape May
Cumberland..
Essex
Gloucester
Hudson
Hunterdon ...
Mercer
Middlesex
Monmouth....
Morris
Ocean
Passaic
Salem
Somerset
Sussex
Union
Warren
7,190
15,540
14,467
23,700
- 3,183
12,483
76,168
7,781
98,210
8,254
20,335
16,340
18,865
14,370
5,093
34,214
6,593
7,275
5,784
19 552
9,622
Total for State 421,959
7,270
14,859
14,725
24,554
3,048
12,595
79,563
7,622
109,643
8,551
19,728
16,153
19,064
14,234
4,955
33.251
6,706
7,419
5,863
19,591
9.864
439,248
681
"'si'
"ib9
607
187
136
138
963
80'
258
854
112
3,385
11,433.
297.
209'
113
144
79
39
242
14,289
CHILDREN ATTENDING PRIVATE SCHOOLS.
Number of children in the State reported as attending private
school during the year :
Males 22,603
Females 23,096
Total 45,69&
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
21
The following table shows the number of children, by counties,
reported as attending private schools :
COUNTIES.
o
"3
a
"3
1
124
716
718
770
47
151
6,621
73
5,503
157
1,235
1,173
273
865
27
1,783
63
263
66
1,749
196
169
628
733
744
51
143
6,721
84
5.686
146
1,195
1,283
350
923
42
1,829
59
269
63
1,783
195
293
1,374
1,461
1,514
98
294
13,342
Oloucesier
157
11,189
303
2,430
2,456
623
1,788
69
3,612
122
532
Sussex
129
3,532
391
Total for State
22,603
23.096
45,699
CHILDREN ATTENDING NO SCHOOL DURING THE YEAR.
Number of children in the State reported as attending no school
during the year :
Males 43,839
Females 43,410
Total 87,249
22
SCHOOL REPORT.
The following shows the number of children, by count'es, i eported*
as attending bo school during the year :
COUNTIES.
1
'3
e
"5
1
592
1,484
1,344
3,590
117
1,132
9,008
363
11,182
3?9
2,578
1,603
1,300
1,298
221
3,498
366
578
226
2,392
688
533
1,652
1,279
3,265
98
883
9,030
372
11,192
370
2,497
1,671
1,258
1,225
183
3,559
348
670
228
2,427
670
1,125-
3.136
2,623
6.855
215
2,015
18,038
725
22,S74
709
5.075
Middlesex
3,274
2,558
2,523
404
7,057
714
1.248
454
4.819
1,308
Total for State
43,839
43,410
87,219
The foregoing table shows a total of 87,249 children, about equally
divided between boys and girls, who attended no school during the
year 1894-95. This doubtless needs some explanation. It will be
remembered that the school age is five to eighteen years ; that the
whole number of children between these ages is 424,959. Now,
since the school age covers thirteen years (five to eighteen), if we
divide 424,959 by 13 we shall get approximately the number of
children for each year, to wit, 32,689.
As a matter of fact, the number of children between six and seven
will be somewhat less than the number between five and six, by
reason of the natural mortality ; so the number between seven and
eight will be less than the number between six and seven ; if, bow-
ever, we omit this factor we could account for the non-attendance of
87,249, as follows :
Deduct one-half of the 32,689, or 16,344, children between the
ages of five and six, which will about represent the number of that
age whose parents consider them too young to attend school. Deduct
next one-third of 32,689, or 10,873, for the children between the
ages of six and seven, whose parents keep them out of school for a
similar reason. This would leave (87,249, less 16,344, less 10,873) only
60,032 to be accounted for. Taking now into consideration the fact
that a great majority of children leave school at the age of fourteen,,
or thereabouts, it will be seen that few children between the ages of
seven and fourteen were not enrolled in school during the year.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
23
The foregoing is a rough approximation only, and is offered as a
general explanation of the non-attendance of 87,249 children of
school age ; it is intended to prevent the misleading statement so
often put forth that any considerable number of children in the State
are debarred from the benefits of an education by reason of inade-
quate school accommodations. It is not probable that additional
accommodations for more than 10,000 children would have to be
provided in the whole State if the present Compulsory Education act
were rigidly enforced. It goes without saying, therefore, that the
failure to enforce the Compulsory Education act, now upon the
statute books of the State, by reason of alleged inadequacy of school
accommodations, is not justifiable in fact. The law should be so-
amended that its enforcement by districts be no longer optional, but
required.
Number of children, by counties and in the State, over ten (10)
years of age unable to read :
COUNTIES.
0)
a
Atlantic
46
29
43
62
9
36
95
16
112
16
31
25
40
24
20
81
10
23
26
22
28
36
33
40
39
2
26
75
11
84
11
55
16
18
20
16
49
7
17
10
30
23
82
62
83
Camden
101
Cape Mav ,
11
62
Essex
170
Gloucester
27
Hudson
196
27
Mercer
88
41
Monmouth
58
44
36
130
Salem
17
40
36
52
Warren
51
Total for State..
797
618
1,415
24
SCHOOL REPORT.
Number of children, by counties and in the State, under fifteen
{15) years of age, employed in factories, mines or stores:
COUNTIES.
1
3
1
"3
S
"3
1
Atlantic ,
24
78
57
111
14
61
38
116
38
'Bergen
139
Burlington
95
Camden
227
Cape May
Cumberland
246
549
157
781
14
271
93
29
89
3
600
25
53
i
48
3,290
20
414
7
536
9
115
84
25
53
266
Essex
963
Gloucester
164
Hudson
1,317
23
Hunterdon
Mercer
386
Middlesex
177
Monmouth
54
Morris
142
Ocean
3
Passaic
■"■514""
3
34
8
51
26
2,128
1,114
28
Salem
Somerset
87
Sussex
17
Union _
Warren
104
74
Total for State
5,418
Number of children, by counties and in the State, un vaccinated
COUNTIES.
"3
0)
-a
a
"3
c
Atlantic
1,220
1,195
3,112
3,496
922
3,992
2,215
1,902
3,866
1,493
1.898
2,368
3,206
3,418
1,672
2,315
1,528
695
1,569
1,207
2,787
1,173
1.229
2,704
3,285
909
3,782
2,304
1,742
3,908
1,369
1,829
2,297
2,927
3,266
1,514
2,160
1,508
689
1,620
1,158
2,742
2,393
2 424
Bergen
Burlington
5,816
6 781
Camden
Cape Mav
1,831
7 774
Cumberland
Essex
4 519
Gloucester
3,644
7,774
2,862
Hudson
Hunterdon
Mercer
3 727
Middlesex
4 665
Monmouth
6,133
Morris
6,6S4
3,186
Ocean
Passaic
4,475
Salem
3,036
Somerset
1 384
Sussex
3 189
Union
2 365
5 529
Total for State
46,076
44,115
90 191
KEPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 25
Number of colored childreD, by counties and in the State :
COUNTIES.
a>
1
Q
(0
■5
217
225
352
830
127
27C
949
216
404
211
365
231
589
102
27
138
387
221
23
290
50
6,230
250
241
336
838
144
302
991
199
429
183
426
190
583
125
23
122
428
204
15
338
36
6,402
467
466
688
1,668
271
578
1,940
415
Gloucester
833
394
790
421
1,172
227
50
260
815
425
38
628
86
Total for State
12,632
Number of children, by counties and in the State, who are deaf-
mutes :
COUNTIES.
w
"3
a
3
©
5
2
7
1
1
2
18
'""2"
3
4
.. ..^...
17
4
10
11
3
5
4
10
Camden
5
1
4
35
4
12
13
6
6
22
Hunterdon
24
9
6
2
2
5
1
3
3
2
11
1
4
4
5
4
16
2
•Somerset
4
3
1
3
Warren
3
4
Total for State
90
84
174
Full census returns for each school district in the State will be
ibund in the accompanying Appendix.
26 SCHOOL REPORT.
FREE TEXT- BOOKS.
The Legislature of 1894 passed a Free Text- book act which met
with a good deal of opposition, as has been previously stated, on the
part of many districts in the State. The opposition was based chiefly
upon the ground that most children already possessed the requisite
books and that it was imposing an unnecessary burden upon the dis-
tricts to buy new books to supply all children. The law as passed
by the Legislature and interpreted by the Department distinctly pro-
vided that boards of education were not bound to supply books only
as the same might be necessary to supplement those in use in the
schools. In many districts purchases of new books were made under
the foregoing interpretation of this law; in still other districts suffi-
cient money was appropriated to purchase all the books of every kind
needed by all the pupils. It was held that since the district could
not compel a pupil to furnish his own books, and since new books
were to be furnished to any who applied, enough should be purchased
to supply the needs of all. The great majority of districts in the
State complied with the law without delay ; others were obliged to
submit the question several times before the people voted the neces-
sary funds ; still others were led to comply with the law only upon
the formal notice that State school moneys due the district would be
withheld until such compliance had been made and the necessary
moneys voted. I am glad to say, however, that of the last-named
class there were only a few districts in the State. It is a matter of
State pride that the great majority of districts acted so quickly and
so harmoniously, and sought to carry out the provisions of the Free
Text-book law in its true spirit, namely, to reduce the actual burden
of expense while giving all the children a chance to secure an
education.
As I stated last year, the education of children and youth in this
country is a State affair ; as good Americans we feel proud of our
State School systems. Perhaps no idea is more thoroughly impressed
upon the popular mind than that our free schools are the bulwark of
the Republic. Is it not, therefore, un-American to make the supply
of books a personal matter, when buildings, equipment, tuition, &c.,.
are all supplied at public cost? By what process of reasoning can
the line be drawn at text- books and not at tuition?
Before the schools were made free tuition was a private (wholly or
in part) and not a public charge, as now. But under the Free
School act, passed in 1873, tuition was made wholly free. Are there
any citizens in the State who to-day deplore that act? Has it not
inured to the public good in many ways ? And will not lifting
another burden, namely, the expense of text-books, tend to make
education of the masses still more general and hence profitable to the
State ? Education is not merely a private affair ; it is above-
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 2r
all a State affair. That it benefits the individual is incidental ;
that it benefits the State is the prime motive for the support
of schools at public cost. The only question, therefore, to be
considered in all legislation for the maintenance of public
schools, of any grade or character, is whether such legislation
is for the benefit of the State, i. e., for the people at large in their
organized capacity. Will it pay the State to establish and maintain
a normal school ? Will it pay the State to aid in establishing and
maintaining manual training schools? Will it pay the State to
encourage the development of a thorough system of high schools by
some species of subsidy? Or industrial schools? These and all
similar questions, I maintain, are to be considered without reference
to whether they extend individual benefits, but on the broader grounds
of their benefit to organized society, to wit, the State.
How long may we hope to maintain our industrial supremacy as a
nation if we fail to educate properly our children and youth ? The
city of Paris, I am told, expends $5,000,000 annually in the art edu-
cation of her citizens ; but she obtains every year as a return for the
investment many times that amount in the enhanced value of her
products. Education by the State should be viewed not only from
its political and ethical standpoint, but from a purely business stand-
point. Does it pay ? Who shall say that, considered from a business
standpoint alone, the money devoted by the State to the education of
its children and youth is not the best investment the State could pos-
sibly make? Now if the Free Text- book act will add to the univer-
sality of education and, hence, to its increased efficiency, the law
needs no further justification.
NUMBER AND CHARACTER OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS.
It was prophesied in my report for last year that one of the first
results of the operation of the Township act would be an increase in
the number and an improvement in the character of new school
buildings, and a still greater increase in the number of buildings
refurnished, remodeled and enlarged.
Hence it is gratifying to call attention to the following table,
which shows that during the year 1894-95 forty new school buildings
were erected and seventy-nine were enlarged, refurnished or re-
modeled. I doubt whether any preceding year in the history of the
schools of the State has shown so splendid a record. And this, too,
at a time when districts were burdened by the necessity of providing
free text books, and when the people felt poor on account of a long
period of business uncertainty and depression. Is it not reasonable
to anticipate with the first dawn of reviving prosperity an era of
extraordinary activity ?
■2S SCHOOL REPORT.
The demand for better school buildings will be a constantly
increasing one ; for when once the spirit of progress takes hold of
any community it is bound to affect neighboring communities as well.
Few townships will be willing to stand still while their neighbors
are making better provision for the education of their children. It
may fairly be hoped that the building of school-houses of the modern
type will become contagious. It needs only the favoring conditions
of a year or more of prosperity to start a boom in school- house erec-
tion unparalleled by anything that has gone before. That good
school buildings add greatly to the value of other property in a
community no one will deny ; so also the fact that a community
possesses a good school will often determine more quickly than any-
thing else the sale or rental of a piece of property. People are
coming to know what good schools are and to demand them. Time
was when a school of any sort would answer ; parents were less
critical and exacting than now. To-day the resident of a city who
contemplates moving into the country will inquire, first of all, con-
cerning the character of the schools ; he will expect privileges equal
to those affarded by the city. His children have attended a graded
school ; he will look, then, for a community having a graded school.
His children have been taught by professionally- trained teachers; he
will inquire, then, whether the teachers employed are up to the times.
The schools of the city are carefully supervised by a skillful super-
intendent ; he will ask if the village or rural district school is under
the charge of some competent principal or superintendent. The city
also affords a high school department for his older children ; he is
sure to inquire, therefore, whether the rural community possesses any
school of a similar grade.
These considerations, I say, are becoming more and more promi-
nent with each succeeding year. The possession of first-class schools
of all grades — primary, grammar and high — is now the best posfcible
advertisement for any progressive and ambitious community.
That this is felt to be the case in the newer communities of the
growing West is abundantly evidenced by the almost invariable prac-
tice of erecting a costly school building out of the first public moneys
expended. Already we may point with pride to several splendid
school buildings recently erected in our State, while still others are
contemplated in the near future. The city of Newark has recently
obtained Legislative authority to issue bonds to the amount of $300,000
for the erection of a new high school building. This when completed
will be by far the finest school structure in the State, although East
Orange and Montclair, in the same county, both have modern and
costly buildings. At the time of writing this report Jersey City has
just laid the cornerstone of a school building which is to surpass
anything heretofore attempted in that city. Asbury Park has finished
this year a building which in many respects is one of the finest in the
State. Atlantic City is now erecting a school building to excel any-
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
2^
thing in the county, and in fact in that part of the State. And so
the good work goes on. It is, indeed, an era of extraordinary revival
in school-house construction. Not only are the buildings erected, and
to be erected, large and costly, but they will possess, in nearly every
case, all the modern means of sanitation, such as scientific lighting,
heating and ventilation.
In the table below will be found interesting data concerning the
number, character, &c., of the school buildings in the several counties
of the State :
COUNTIES.
Atlantic
Bergen
Burlington....
Camden
Cape May
Cumberland..
Essex
Gloucester
Hudson
Hunterdon....
Mercer
Middlesex
Monmouth....
Morris
Ocean
Passaic
Salem;
Somerset
Sussex
T7nion
Warren
Total 1,780
60
85
121
92
36
108
111
72
60
109
80
87
133
118
59
67
75
73
98
41
95
54
85
109
85
34
108
97
72
57
109
76
84
131
117
56
63
74
73
98
41
91
1,714
MATKKIAL.
27
47
66
117
456 1,256
133
221
217
333
60
308
805
100
766
150
228
208
307
236
96
339
118
126
125
241
171
5,368
III
6,402
11,292
10,600
15,382
3,049
15,628
40,463
7,288
37,699
6,841
10,272
10,266
18,323
10,997
4,512
17,516
5,945
5,569
5,668
10,471
8,793
262,976
O 0;
^5
"a 0)
Mo
as
An inspection of the foregoing table will show that the whole
number of school-houses in the State at the date of this report is
1,780, a gain of 26 over the number reported last year. Of this
number, it is to be noted that 1,714 school buildings are owned
and 6Q are rented. The number of buildings owned and of build-
ings rented each shows a gain of 13. It is to be noticed, further-
more, that the ratio of brick buildings is constantly increasing,
while the ratio of wood and of stone buildings is decreasing. This
indicates that considerations of permanence and utility outweigh
temporary expediency and unwise economy. In the next to the last
column will be seen the number of new buildings erected in each
county during the year. The whole number reported is 40, a gain
of 7 over last year. Essex county easily takes the lead with 9 new
buildings to her credit ; this is a gain of 5 over the number reported
30 SCHOOL REPORT.
a year ago. Next after Essex comes Hudson county with a record
of 5 new buildings, a gain of 1 over the previous year. Bergen
county and Passaic county report each 4 new buildings erected during
the year, which is a loss of 1 for Bergen and a gain of 2 for Passaic
as compared with a year ago. The only counties that have erected no
new buildings during the year 1894-95 are Burlington, Hunterdon,
Morris, Union and Warren — five counties in all. These five counties
reported no new buildings the year before. It is hard to understand
how for two years in succession school- house construction in these
counties has remained at a standstill. It is most likely that another
year will show an unprecedented activity in these counties. Thej
cannot afford to be left behind.
It is pleasant to note withal that whereas a year ago nine counties
failed to report the erection of a single school building, this year
there were only five.
Attention is called to the figures in the outside column showing the
number of buildings enlarged, refurnished or remodeled. Under
this head the whole number reported is 79, a gain of 5 over last year,
which was also a year of exceptional progress along this line. It will
be noticed likewise that only three counties have failed to report im-
provements. These counties are Cape May, Cumberland and Hun-
terdon ; the latter being the only county reporting neither new build-
ings nor improvements of any kind. Somerset county takes the lead
in the matter of improvements, reporting the extraordinary number
of 16 school buildings that have undergone enlargement, &c. Morris
county, although not reporting any new buildings, ranks next to
Somerset in number enlarged and refurnished. After Morris comes
Hudson with 8 buildings enlarged, &c. ; Essex, Middlesex and Ocean
show 5 each ; and Camden, Salem and Union show 4 each. Taken
altogether, the year's record for new construction and for enlarging,
repairing, &c., is without parallel in the annals of the State.
To what extent this remarkable activity has been due to recent
school legislation can be easily inferred. Certainly, the financial con-
dition of the various townships and municipalities has been on the
whole unfavorable to any extensive building operations. I am of the
opinion, therefore, that the consolidation of school districts which
gave rise to much discussion, and a greater general inquiry on the
part of all citizens into the condition and management of the schools
is to be accredited with the movement for better school-houses.
Below will be found a similar table to the foregoing which gives
the number, condition, &\, of school buildings in the cities and
villages of the State :
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
31
•CITIES AND VILLAGES.
<u
i
.a
i
S3
o
o
u
a
25
0)
a
o
Ui
<v
a
1
a
O
•d
o
o
a
0
3
g
S3
"o
!«
0
a
Number of children the
school-houses will seat
comfortably.
4) .
5 S
0 a>
"? ^
85
f ^
0 3
II
^5
II
a. 2
Asbury Park (Neptune Twp.)
Atlantic City
3ayonue
8
4
7
1
5
2
6
5
20
3
3
6
3
9
2
2
5
4
1
7
2
• 7
25
1
3
7
4
13
7
2
3
50
7
1
1
8
10
18
4
7
6
2
4
3
2
3
5
3
. 2
25
2
18
1
3
3
4
8
4
6
1
5
2
6
5
19
3
2
6
1
9
2
2
5
4
1
6
2
6
25
4
1
3
7
4
13
7
2
3
40
7
1
1
5
7
18
2
6
6
2
4
2
2
3
4
3
2
21
2
18
1
3
2
4
"l"
"i"
"i"
...„.
"i
"i"
"ib'
...„.
3
..„..
1
"i"
...„.
...„.
"i"
2
1
6
1
3
1
4
5
17
1
2
5
1
8
1
1
3
3
1
1
2
7
25
4
1
3
7
3
9
6
2
3
42
6
1
1
7
6
18
3
6
5
1
2
3
1
1
5
2
1
25
2
14
1
1
3
3
6
3
1
...„.
1
2
..„..
1
1
2
..„..
2
1
...„.
"i"
4
1
""s
1
.,.„.
4
"i"
1
1
1
2
..„..
2
"i"
1
..„..
■■'2'
"i"
..„..
1
42
46
61
7
33
15
44
20
202
15
19
59
6
84
13
13
13
28
14
14
16
139
441
32
12
14
47
9
54
55
23
19
495
61
12
20
51
52
258
24
42
54
10
•28
18
10
16
26
18
12
148
35
37
11
12
36
18
2,150
2,306
2,522
336
1,430
576
2,210
900
8,860
954
1,039
2,691
325
4,282
487
660
780
1,400
702
631
800
6,324
19,684
1,600
1,000
630
3,112
350
2,592
2,167
1,225
850
26,667
2,905
678
650
2,175
2,686
11,979
1,196
1,788
2,156
4i30
1,203
900
400
832
1,180
586
550
6,960
1,875
1,682
608
541
2,100
810
1
1
Elizabeth
1
Hackensack (New Barbadoes
Township)
Hackettstown
Harrison
Jersey City
1
7
Kearny
Long Branch
Madison
1
Montclair
Mount Holly (Northampton
Township)
Newark
2
1
2
New Brunswick ,
1
Newton ,
Orange
1
1
1
1
1
Philllpsburg
1
Princeton
Red Bank
Ridge wood
Rutherford
Salem
Somerville
Trenton
2
Union Hill
Viueland (Landis Township)....
Westfield
West Hoboken
'Woodbury
Total
373
340
33
299
69
5
3,094
148,236
9
17
32 SCHOOL REPORT.
It will be seen by the above table that the number of school build-
ings in cities and villages is 373, of which 340 are owned and 33-
rented. Of these 299 are brick buildings, 69 are wood, and 5 only
of stone. The whole number of class-rooms provided is 3,094, with
a seating capacity for 148,225 pupils. Compared with the seating
capacity reported last year there is shown to be a gain of 17,273, or
over 13 per cent. This per cent, of gain would be greater were it
not that the number of sittings has been reduced in some places by
removing seats from rooms that were crowded, thereby giving teachers
fewer pupils to instruct.
In the outside column is shown the average number of sittings per
class-room. From these figures it is not to be inferred, even where
the number is quite low, that overcrowding does not exist. The
practice of crowding a large number of children into primary class-
rooms, while the corresponding rooms for grammar grades are com-
paratively empty, is common to most of our city and village schools.
Under ordinary conditions no primary teacher should be required to
instruct a class of more than forty pupils. If there must be over-
crowding, it were better to have it in grammar grades where pupils
are older and will consequently suffer less. It is to be hoped that the
large increase of teachers elsewhere reported for this year will obviate-
to some extent this overcrowding of the lower grades.
EXPENDED FOR NEW BUILDINGS AND REPAIRS.
The whole amount expended for new buildings and repairs during
the year 1894-95 was $739,500.99. This is an increase over the pre-
ceding year of $146,618.71, and shows a phenomenally large amount
of new work. Essex county shows the largest expenditure, namely,
$190,754.99. Probably no other county in the State has at the present
time so many school buildings of the latest and most improved type.
The great wealth and highly progressive spirit of this county, as
exhibited in all matters of public enterprise, would lead us to expect
a superiority in number and character of its school buildings. Mont-
clair and East Orange have each a high school building, the most
costly of any school buildings in the State.
Next to Essex county comes Hudson, with an expenditure for the
year of $116,804.17. Although Hudson county has a greater popu-
lation than lEssex, the valuation of its real and personal estate falls
considerably below. An expenditure of $116,804.17 in a single year
shows, however, that this county places a high estimate upon the
benefits to be derived from adequate school accommodations. Mon-
mouth county expended for building and repairs the sum of $88,482.29,
and Bergen county a sum only slightly less, to wit, $84,338.07.
Passaic county, which contains the third largest city in the State,
Paterson, expended the sum of $80,596.87. The counties making
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 33
the poorest showing in expenditures for new buildings and repairs
were Hunterdon, $1,874.32, and Warren, $2,431.21, both being large
counties and of considerable wealth. Cape May county, Salem
county and even Sussex county make a better showing than the last
named.
For complete data concerning expenditures for new buildings and
repairs, see Table I.
Of the cities and towns Newark takes the lead in amount of money
expended during the year for buildings and repairs, $87,899.21 be-
ing the total amount reported. Next to Newark comes Asbury Park
with an expenditure of $69,308.46. This thriving and progressive
seaside resort has erected during the year a high school building
which for general appearance, completeness and adaptation to the
needs of the community is unsurpassed by any school buildings in
the State. The city of Paterson expended $43,924 14 ; West Hobo-
ken, $39,048 68; Ridgewood, $35,315.44; Camden, $27,596 41;
Jersey City, $23,026.14; Summit, $22,432.12, and Kearny, $22,-
076.28, for new buildings and repairs. Many smaller cities and
villages than those above named did as well or even better in pro-
portion to wealth and population. A glance at Table II. will
show what cities and towns make the best showing for the year of
this report in providing school accommodations for their rapidly in-
creasing school population. That the year 1894 has been one of ex-
ceptional progress in educational matters is amply demonstrafed by
the splendid showing therein contained, although we have hardly re-
covered from the depression that has existed for the last three years,
yet the impetus already acquired indicates that in the immediate future,
under more prosperous financial conditions, the amount of school
building will be unparalleled in the history of the State. If any
reason were needed to prove that the State of New Jersey is wide
awake in educational matters, it is found in this unprecedented re-
vival of school-house construction. So far as this spirit of improve-
ment has exhibited itself in the rural districts, usually the last to feel
the tide of returning prosperity, it may be attributed in no small
measure to the interest aroused by the changes incident to the inau-
guration of the township system. Instances are numerous where
every school building in a township has undergone extensive repairs
during the past year ; other instances might be adduced where two or
even three new school buildings have been erected in a single town-
ship during the past year. It was predicted by the authors of the
Township act that such a revival of interest would follow its adop-
tion ; it is, therefore, pleasant at this time to be able to record the ac-
curacy of the prediction. That this good work may go on until every
old, inconvenient, unsanitary school building in the State is replaced
by a suitable modern building is the hope and expectation of every
true friend of education.
34
SCHOOL KEPORT.
VALUATION OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS.
The whole number of school buildings in the State owned by the
several districts, as reported for the year 1894-95, was 1,714, a gain
of thirteen over the number reported for the year preceding. The
total valuation of these buildings, including lots, was $11,819,712,
and the average valuation, $6,895.98. A comparison of the valua-
tion with that reported last year would be impracticable, since the
estimates here given have been made in most instances by new district
clerks, whose opinions as to valuation would ordinarily differ greatly
from those of the old district clerks. It is not unlikely that in many
districts the value of school property is still largely overestimated ;
especially is this true in respect to old buildings in rural districts.
Still the valuation of the present year, made by new officers who
were more likely to consider present actual value than original cost,
is perhaps the closest estimate we have had for several years.
In the table below is given the number of each class from $100
and below, to $40,000 and upwards ; together with the total valuation
for each county and for the State ; and lastly the average valuation
for each county and for the State :
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 35
It will be seen from the foregoing table that Hudson cxDuntj has
the highest average valuation, namely, $33,586.58. The greater part
of Hudson county is densely populated and contains few small school
buildings. This is an increase of $2,492.72 over the average value
as reported a year ago. The new buildings erected in Jersey City,
Hoboken, Bayonne, West Hoboken, Union Hill and in other parts
of the county have all been decided improvements upon any previous
efforts in school house architecture in these several communities.
Next to Hudson in point of valuation of its school buildings comes
E^sex county with $28,833.67. This county possesses several school
buildings, notably the high school buildings in East Orange and
Montclair, which are not only the most costly in the State, but which
compare favorably with the best in the country. The cost of the
East Orange high school building, not including land, was $107,000.00;
of the high school building at Montclair, $91,196 00. The city of
Newark also has several grammar and primary buildings which are
models of excellence. There are several other districts in the county
which contain buildings of considerable cost. Next to Essex county
in average value of its school buildings comes Union county with
$16,637. After Union comes Passaic county with an average valua-
tion of $11,945; Camden county with $8,427; Mercer with $6,906;
Bergen with $6,850.
The county showing the lowest average valuation of school build-
ings is Hunterdon, namely, $1,357. Sussex county stands a little
higher, namely, $1,627.
Below will be found similar data concerning value of school build-
ings in the cities and villages :
36
SCHOOL REPORT.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 37
The whole number of school buildings owned by the cities and
Tillages above enumerated is 310. Of these 14 only are valued at
41,000 or less ; 62 are valued from |1,000 to $5,000 ; 34 from $5,000
to $10,000; 61 from $10,000 to $20,000; 111 from $20,000 to
140,000, and 58 above $40,000. The average value of all school
buildings in cities and villages reaches the high figure of $24,402.59,
a gain of $2,531.84 over the average reported a year ago.
The tendency to build larger and more expensive buildings is
plainly evident. Large buildings, as a rule, are more economical
than small buildings, especially in growing communities. Not to
speak of the advantages of grading and supervision, the cost of heat-
ing, janitors' service, &c., is relatively less in the large buildings.
East Orange, with 6 buildings, shows a high average value of
|o2,500; Montclair, with 7 buildings, an average of $37,571.42 ;
Newark, with 40 buildings, an average of $37,847 ; Orange, with 5
buildings, an average of $37,200 ; Jersey City, with 25 buildings, an
average of $36,609; Paterson, with 18 buildings, an average of
$30,927 ; Piainfield, with 6 buildings, an average of $36,666 ; Union
Hill shows 2 buildings, valued at $70,000 each ; West Hoboken, 2
buildings, at $27,500 each; Atlantic City, 4 buildings, at $31,250;
Elizabeth, 9 buildings, at $25,556; Hackensack, 4 buildings, at
^25,081.25; Hoboken, 6 buildings, at $43,083; Long Branch, 7
buildings, at $23,855.
Of buildings valued at $40,000 and upwards, Newark reports 17;
Jersey City, 11; East Orange, 4 ; Camden and Hoboken, 3 each;
Bayonne, New Brunswick, Orange, Passaic, Paterson and Piainfield,
2 each.
ENROLLMENT AND CLASSIFICATION.
In the table below is shown the number of pupils, by counties,
enrolled in the public schools of the State during the year 1894-95 ;
also the number of pupils enrolled in primary grades, the number
enrolled in grammar grades and the number enrolled in high school
grades :
38
SCHOOL REPORT.
COUNTIES.
Atlantic
Bergen
Burlington ...
Camden
Cape May
Cumberland..
Essex
Gloucester
Hudson...
Hunterdon ..
Mercer.
Middlesex
Monmouth ...
Morris
Ocean
Passaic
Salem
Somerset
Sussex..
Union
Warren
Total 138,764 135,506 274,270 183,405
O 01
.Q OS C
fl S* S
,(181
,839
,419
,845
,301
,153
,723
,323
,043
,696
,9S1
,17.1
981
139
365
174
,077
S64
661
on
031
J= 5 aj
— a> -^
.i; ii bo
O C 3
1) 1- ^
— J5
K^ o o
^ ■N lO
a, "o -^
*j (V t- fl)
2.962
5,623
5,130
«,749
1,312
5.180
21,661
3,254
2.5,203
3,268
5,781
."^,095
7,405
4,815
2,169
10,057
2,795
2,535
2,585
5,946
3,981
6,013
11,452
10,549
17,594
2,613
10,333
43,384
6,579
50,246
6,864
11,722
10,270
15,386
9,954
4,534
20,231
5.872
5,399
5,246
11,987
8,012
0.a>
-a
-.- OS
o ^
He
iz; P.
4,017
7,711
6,737
12,683
1.445
6,309
29 648
4,113
36,771
3,810
7,8i8
6,328
9,147
6,122
2,689
14,794
4,035
3,330
3,146
8,241
4,458
o oe
1.695
3.431
3,364
4,488
1,027
3,405
11,640
2,207
12,137
2,716
3,407
3.399
5,447
3,419
1,703
4,763
1,634
1,892
1,893
3,137
2,906
79,710
£-5,
z5
331
310
44.8
4.>3--
141
619'
2 096
2.59
1,338
338
447
543
792
413
142
674
203
177
207
606
648
11, 155,
It appears from the foregoing table that the whole number of boys
enrolled was 138,764, a gain over the preceding year of 4,919; and
the whole number of girls enrolled was 135,506, a gain over the pre-
ceding year of 4,844. This makes a total enrollment of 274,270, a
gain of 9,763 over the year 1893-94. These are remarkable figures.
When we recollect that the total gain in enrollment for the year
preceding was 14,919, unprecedented in the history of the schools of
the State, the gain for this year of 9,763 is phenomenal. This makes
a total gain in enrollment, for two years only, of 24,682 pupils, or
about 10 per cent. Aud this, despite the fact of a decreased school
census, which, in 1893-94, was 439,248, and in 1894-95, was only
424,959. Is any further argument needed to commend the wisdom
of recent school legislation ? Surely the friends of education through-
out the State should rejoice at such signs of evident prosperity in the
public schools. No one fact goes farther to prove the popularity, not
to say efficiency, of the schools than a large enrollment. The schools
are maintained for all the children ; all the children, therefore, or
such portion of them at least as have not completed their education ,^
should be found enrolled in the schools.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
39
It was the proud boast of the German Commissioner of Education
at the Chicago World's Fair, that in the Kingdom of Prussia for the
year preceding, only 1,000 persons of school age, all told, were not
accounted for either as attending school or excused for cause known
and approved by the school officers of the Crown. It is impossible
under the weak and inefficient compulsory laws of most of the States
of this country to secure any result at all approaching that secured in
Prussia.
With us, attendance upon school is mainly voluntary. We have
a compulsory attendance law, but few districts in the State make any
effort towards enforcing it. Just as soon as the cities and townships
of the State have made adequate provision for all the children of
school age, the law should be amended if necessary, so that it may
be rigidly enforced. I hope to be able at no distant date to make
recommendations to your Honorable Board looking towards this end.
An inspection of the above table will show, furthermore, that
Hudson county enrolls as usual the largest number of pupils, to wit,
50,246 ; Essex county follows closely with 43,384 pupils. There
appears to be a gain also in every county in the State showing that
the cause of increased attendance, whatever it may be, has not been
local but universal. In order to show more exactly what the gain
in the several counties has been for the past two years, I append the
following table :
COUNTIES.
Enrollment— gain for
1893-91.
EDroUment— gain for
1894-96.
Atlantic
162
1,132
371 (decrease )
68
266
383
2,530
16 (decrease )
6,692
41
39
309
158
560
50
1,C66
124 (decrease.)
54 (decrease )
134
895
95
430
Bergen
988
Burlington
645
815
Cape May
Cumberland
110
13 (decrease.)
1,561
318
Essex
Gloucester
Hudson
380
Hunterdon
217
548
Middlesex
Monmouth
674
517
19
Ocean
809
Passaic
8j4
Salem
281
Somerset
191
Sussex
245
Union
153
Warren
328
40 SCHOOL REPORT.
The fact that the gain in rural counties has been considerable is a
most important item, for it is in these counties more particularly that
the township law has created a change of conditions. In the cities
the larger enrollment would be due to two causes principally : the
erection of more school buildings and the supplying of free text- books.
In the three outside columns in the table on page 38 are shown the
number of pupils registered during the year in primary, grammar and
high school grades. The primary grades comprise, generally speaking,
the first four years of the school course; the grammar grades, the
second four years, and the high school grades, all subsequent years.
In some few schools of the State the first five years are included in
the primary grades.
The tendency is general to reduce the number of years below the
high school to eight. This is the recommendation of the Committee
of Fifteen of the National Educational Association and accords with
the best educational opinion in this country. As will be seen by
reference to another table, the high schools of the State have courses
of study varying from one to four years. Strictly speaking, a school
having only one or two years in advance of the usual grammar school
course should not be called a high school ; probably no school having
less than a three-years' course of study should be distinguished by
that title.
There are in the State, however, quite a large number of schools,
graded and ungraded, that give more or less of secondary or high
school work in their regular curricula. These schools it is hard to
classify, but in the table above, all pupils pursuing high school studies
are included in the high school classification.
It will be seen that the number of pupils enrolled in primary
grades for the year of this report was 183,405 ; this is a gain of 3,437.
The number enrolled in grammar grades was 79,710, a gain of 5,246,
and the number enrolled in high school grades was 11,155, a gain of
1,091.
In my report for last year I discussed at some length the proper
ratio of pupils in the several grades of a thoroughly organized and
efficient system of schools, aiming to show that the ratio of grammar
and high school pupils to pupils of primary grades was much too
small. It is to be remarked that the gain for the present year is in
the right direction, following out the recommendations in respect to
classification made at that time. When the schools of the State shall
become thoroughly organized under the new system, I believe there
will be a most remarkable change in the matter of gradation. More
pupils should be enrolled in grammar and high school grades ; fewer,
comparatively, in primary grades. It is wrong to keep children
grindicg away day after day, as is done in many of our primary
schools, over lessons that are much below their capacity and attain-
ments, upon the foolish principle that they are becoming " thorough "
in their studies. As well stop the upward growth of a healthy sap-
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 41
ling until it shall fill out a larger circumference. Children desire to
advance, to go ahead in their studies ; not to be kept day after day
at the same tasks until they become odious.
It surely exhibits a wrong system of grading and promotion when
primary classes are crowded with children above the age of ten or
eleven years. I am pleased, therefore, to note that the above figures
show a tendency to approach the ideal classification, say that of two
grammar grade for every three primary grade pupils. The gain of
over 1,000 in pupils of high school grade, which is about 11 per
cent, of the whole number reported a year ago, is especially gratify-
ing. Why should boys and girls twelve to sixteen years of age be
kept toiling away term after term in our rural schools at the rudi-
ments of an education ? Chiefly because they have no teachers who
are competent ; or, if competent, teachers who are unable to give them
the necessary time for instruction in the higher studies. I wish to
emphasize this fact, that the boy or girl of average capacity should
be through with his three R's at the age of twelve to thirteen years
at the latest. The school age as fixed by law extends from five to
twenty years. Every citizen has the right to send his children to the
public school up to the age of twenty. But what will children do
^fter the age of twelve to thirteen years if they have been reasonably
diligent up to that time and have completed the common school
branches ? In my opinion it would be much better to take them out
of school altogether than to allow them to dawdle away their time
and acquire bad habits of application and of industry. My conten-
tion is that every township should have one school at least for pupils
from twelve to sixteen years of age ; where the studies pursued and
the discipline received should be adapted to their age and requirements.
In the following table will be found data similar to the foregoing,
as reported by the fifty -seven most important cities and villages of
the State :
42
SCHOOL REPORT.
CITIES AND VILLAGES.
■^2
S » .
o'o 3
a >.o
a ■^
Number of girls between 5 and
20 years of age enrolled in the
schools during the year.
a a
0)— •
sal
a ^- o
3o O
a<N.a
t^ IC -t-3
Number of pupils enroled in pri-
mary grade.
Number of pupils enrolled iu
grammar grade.
0
o
p
c
«
£■■2
:i2
Asbury Park (' eptune township) ....
Atlantic City
1,071
1,228
1,788
155
722
273
1,075
523
5,415
164
576
1,351
175
2,805
247
349
416
803
294
410
586
4,241
13,396
832
334
270
1,192
190
1,026
1,046
545
477
14,861
1,349
256
420
1,157
1,435
7,064
839
797
1,059
230
674
451
201
399
606
410
205
3,793
1,264
892
S79
289
1,468
432
1,114
1.205
1,857
162
686
244
1,191
488
5,592
160
559
1,355
159
2,705
218
316
403
7C0
257
335
522
4,227
13,574
950
385
281
1,089
216
1,117
1,031
580
471
14,906
1,341
290
396
1,204
1,503
6,969
771
878
1,077
243
615
412
198
368
614
428
189
3.878
1,283
897
396
365
1,439
437
2,185
2,433
3,645
317
1,408
517
2,266
1,011
11,007
324
1,135
2 706
334
5,510
465
665
819
1,503
551
745
1.108
8,468
26,970
1,782
719
551
2,281
4C6
2,143
2.077
1,125
948
29,767
2,690
546
816
2,361
2,938
14,033
1610
1,675
2,136
473
1,319
863
399
767
1,220
838
394
7,671
2,547
1,789
775
654
2,907
869
1,413
1,555
2,626
171
931
305
1,370
720
8,262
211
7-26
1,568
219
3,804
325
209
593
1,020
315
549
644
6,635
19,168
1,311
433
347
1,407
264
1,295
1,183
739
662
21,207
1,664
302
579
1,652
1,593
10,877
1,177
1,071
1,489
308
927
487
.48
467
1,109
538
250
5,375
1,855
1,144
372
399
2,424
474
628
725
916
86
390
172
706
172
2,583
77
347
931
100
1,554
117
354
135
364
167
150
464
1,681
6,997
407
212
123
714
114
729
627
302
213
7,352
784
185
193
621
1,192
2,667
388
510
477
165
358
300
131
284
65
237
114
1,958
517
516
319
175
445
286
144
153
73
60
Bloomfield ■
8T
40
190
19-
162
36
62
207
15
152
23
102
91
Hackensack (New Barbadoes twp.) .
129
69
46
152-
805
64
74-
81
160
28
Millville
119
267
84
73
1,208
242
59
44
88
153
489
45
Phillipsburg
94^
17a
31
Red Bank
76
20
Rutherford
16
46
63
30
338
Union Hill
175
Vineland (Landis townthip)
129
84
Westfield
80
38
109-
84,905
1 85,276
1 170,181
118.968
43,516
1 7,697
1
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 45
The total registration of boys, according to the foregoing table, was
84,905, a gain of 2,942; of girls, 85,276, a gain of 2,695. The
total registration of both boys and girls was 170,181, a gain over the
year preceding of 5,637. It is to be observed that the number of
girls exceed the number of boys in the cities and villages, whereas in
the schools at large, city and rural, as shown by the table for coun-
ties, the number of boys exceeds the number of girls. This fact
shows that in rural districts boys attend school for a longer period
than boys in cities ; they do not attend so regularly, however, and
hence do not complete the common school course at so early an age.
There are other interesting facts to be deduced from the foregoing
with reference to the difference between country and city schools so
far as they affect the relative attendance of boys and girls.
The whole number of pupils enrolled in the State at large was
274,270; in the cities and villages, 170,181; the difference is
104,089 ; that is to say, about 62J per cent, of all the pupils in the
public schools of the State belong to cities and villages.
This fact should be borne in mind, that in all matters of school
legislation, probably no State in the Union will show a much smaller
percentage of its children in rural or ungraded schools.
Looking now to the grading of these 170,181 pupils, we find
118,968, or a little less than 70 per cent., enrolled in primary grades ;:
43,516, or a little less than 25 per cent., enrolled in the grammar
grades ; and 7,697, or a little less than 5 per cent., enrolled in high
school grades. This gives a slight reduction in the per cent, of
primary pupils, a small increase in the per cent, of grammar grade
pupils, and a considerable increase, nearly 15 per cent., in the num-
ber of pupils in high school grade 3.
This is precisely as predicted in my report of last year, wherein I
called attention to the small number of high school pupils, and the
defect in the school system that the same indicated. There can be
no surer evidence of progress than this increase in number of high
school pupils. Teachers, parents and boards of education are becom-
ing alive to the fact that children should not be allowed to waste
their time in going over the same subjects, year after year, in the
elementary grades. The school column, it may be said, is marching
too slowly ; there is too much " marking time " in the schools,^
particularly in the elementary grades. As I have said before, and I
wish to repeat it for emphasis, pupils should be out of their swaddling
clothes at the age of twelve to fourteen ; they should be through with
the three R's ; they should either go ahead or leave school to go to
work; preferably, however, they should go ahead and take up the
maturer studies of the high school grade. Instead of a bare 5 per
cent, there should be at least 10 per cent, of the entire enrollment in
high school grades.
The number of cities and villages that show 10 per cent, or more
of their pupils enrolled in high school grades are the following'*..
44
SCHOOL REPORT.
Belvidere, Gloucester City, HackettstowD, Key port, Lambert ville,
Montclair, Newton, Washington and Westfield. Several other places
fall only a little below 10 per cent. ; but the great majority are but
slightly above the general average of 5 per cent.
Newark has one high school pupil for about every 25 enrolled in
all grades ; Jersey City, 1 high school pupil to every 33 enrolled ;
Paterson, 1 high school pupil to every 29 enrolled ; Trenton, 1 high
school pupil for every 23 enrolled ; Camden, 1 high school pupil for
every 74 enrolled ; Elizabeth, 1 high school pupil for every 36
enrolled ; Hoboken, 1 high school pupil for every 56 enrolled.
Harrison and Princeton show no pupils of high school grade. West
Hoboken shows 1 high school pupil for every 76 pupils enrolled in
all grades.
ENROLLMENT AND ATTENDANCE.
In the following table will be found statistics of great interest,
showing the total enrollment, average enrollment, average attendance,
per cent, of attendance, total number of cases of tardiness and average
number of cases of tardiness in all the schools of the State for the
year 1894-95:
COUNTIES.
sal
SoJT3
1
o
«
a
■a
a
a
o
ID
O
a
■s
■§1
"So
C
B
83
J= OS
a «
1.1
*5
a
1
o
r? *
30 O
s
a
S3
<1>
!-
0)
(1>
>
^ 03
1^
ate
O 3
> a) a3
•<
<
fc*
|z;s
H-o
< flJ=
6,043
11,452
10,549
4,367
8,016
6,703
11,228
1,677
7,285
3,773
6,956
,8fi
48
20,711
29,634
33 513
6.49
Bergen
87
78
4.26
Burlington
5,707
8=1
53
5 87
17,594
2 613
9,614
1,419
86
88
44,030
10,431
38,292
4.57
Cape May
85
15
7.35
Cumberland
10,333
6,362
87
122
6.07
Essex
43,384
34,059
4,239
30,344
88
775
33,360
38,410
1 10
•Gloucester
6.579
3,596
84
20
10.63
Hudson
50,246
36,316
32,952
82
921
50,306
1.52
Hunterdon
6 864
11,722
4,437
9,433
3,755
7,474
84
82
59
126
19.906
23,544
5 30
Mercer
3.15
Middlesex
10,270
7,397
6,425
84
488
14,997
2 32
Monmouth
15,386
10.626
9,277
84
129
36,668
3.44
Morris
9 954
6.895
5,932
86
127
19,320
3.26
4,534
20,231
3,165
15,074
2,578
13,509
81
11
18 360
7 12
Passaic
87
306
31,907
2.36
Salem
5,872
5,399
5.246
3,804
3,639
3,422
3,319
3,137
2,951
87
86
85
145
69
78
23,701
15,752
19,800
7 10
5 02
Sussex
6.71
Union „
11.987
9,084
8,308
91
272
15,447
1.85
Warren
8,012
5,724
5,077
88
160
13,037
2.55
* -
Total
274,270
196,590
172,465
M
4,091
551,036
3 19
KEPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 45-
It will be seen from the above that the whole number of pupils
enrolled during the year was 274,270, which, as stated elsewhere, is
a gain of 9,763 over the number enrolled for the preceding year.
Attention has been called to the fact that this increase of 9,763 was
due in no small measure to the Township act, and to the Free Text-
book act passed by the Legislature of 1894, and, in general, to the
new interest aroused in the schools by the complete re-organization oF
the system. It was claimed by the friends of both the acts above
named that their effect would be to increase at once the attendance
upon the schools, chiefly by giving an opportunity to many children
to attend better schools than those of the district in which they
formerly resided. It was claimed, also, that by making the schools
better parents would be encouraged to send their children to school
for a longer period.
Additional evidence of the favorable effect of the legislation afore-
said is the remarkable increase in average enrollment, to wit, from
185,185 in 1893-94, to 196,590 in 1894-95, a gain of 11,405, or a
little over 6 per cent., in a single year. Mark that while the total
enrollment increased by 9,763 the average enrollment increased by
11,405. Now, there is only one inference to be drawn from these
figures, namely, that the schools have been more successful, not only
in attracting pupils, but in keeping them longer at school. Attention
is called, furthermore, to the total of the third column, which shows
an average attendance of 172,465, which is a gain of 7,867 over the
year 1893-94. This gain is quite as gratifying as the increase in
average enrollment. It shows conclusively that the schools of the
State were attended as never before. The total number of pupils not
absent nor tardy was 4,091. The total number of cases of tardiness
was 551,036, a decrease of 37,696, which is likewise most gratifying.
In the following table will be found similar data for the cities and
villages of the State :
46
SCHOOL REPORT.
CITIES AND VILLAGES.
Total number of children be-
tween 5 and 'iti years of age en-
rolled in the schools during the
year.
1
a
o
fM
a>
a
a
g
<
o
3
-o
a
01
'3
'C
a*
>
<
0/
<:,
S
a
•sa
^2
0 c
a) 0
Mm
2 2
a aj
a) p-
4> a
Ph 0
a
ti
Total number of cases of tardi-
ness during the year.
• u
^ si
.-' a)
._ aj 0
= 59
c Sd
ill
a '"si
u y g
5: oi 51
Asbury Park (Neptune township) ...
Atlantic Citv
2,185
2,433
3,645
317
1,408
517
2,266
1,011
11,007
324
1,135
2,706
334
5,510
465
665
8i9
1,503
551
745
1.108
8,618
26,970
1,782
719
551
2,281
406
2,143
2,077
1,125
948
29,767
2,690
546
816
2,361
2,938
14,033
1,610
1,675
2,136
473
1,319
863
399
767
1,220
838
394
7,671
2,547
1,789
775
654
2,907
869
1,589
1,924
2,735
260
1,146
367
1,750
727
6,876
259
853
2,170
270
4,242
364
520
496
1,138
445
514
722
6,033
19,555
1,346
570
457
1,787
302
1,551
1,687
927
684
23,363
2,130
432
652
1,863
2,212
10,730
1,314
1,413
1,687
355
975
656
274
589
961
638
274
6,351
1,924
1,274
602
510
2,091
621
1,416
1,710
2,401
239
1,021
323
1,548
605
5,954
230
764
1,968
239
3,993
333
461
455
1,026
391
444
639
5,451
17,986
1,172
510
418
1,617
262
1,467
1,502
858
61ii
20,727
2,039
383
584
1,684
1,959
9,655
1,171
1,327
1,526
300
858
588
242
531
905
569
241
5,442
1,809
1,128
541
458
1,795
518
89
89
88
91
89
88
88
83
81
89
88
90
88
94
91
90
83
90
88
86
88
90
91
87
90
90
90
87
90
89
92
89
88
96
89
90
90
88
89
89
93
90
85
88
90
88
90
94
88
88
85
94
87
89
91)
89
88
38
28
44
4
19
1
12
6
35
39
34
2
150
4
5
2
19
18
2
29
60
696
1
17
13
27
10
16
24
47
6
574
386
24
12
22
19
285
35
79
40
9
27
14
5
2
89
16
13
76
62
9
13
13
7
16
4.164 •
4,427
12,446
720
1,991
385
10,115
4,141
12,341
1,114
439
904
1,090
2,136
135
2,005
6,804
1,171
167
1,798
234
5,928
18 359
3,381
372
1,040
1,036
989
5,012
6,717
512
2,552
7,667
249
638
1,714
2,233
10,479
12,448
1,078
1,251
3,647
4,S26
1,189
4,007
623
2,669
1,661
2,706
913
6,156
5C0
6,085
699
1,179
5,973
5,064
2.99
2.59
5.18
2.60
Bloomfield
1.95
1.11
6.53
684
2.08
4.85
.057
.046
E>^g Harbor City
4.56
Elizabeth
.054
Englewood
.018
Freehold
4.35
Gloucester City..
Hacliensack (New Barbadoes twp) ..
Hackettslowu
14.95
1.13
.043
Hammouton
Harrison
Hoboken
4.05
.036
1.09
.096
2. 88
.673
Lambertville
2.49
.C64
3.79
Millville
4.41
Montclair
4.40
Morristown
Mount Holly (Northamptou twp)...
.059
4.19
.037
.012
1.93
North Plaiufield
2.94
1.92
5.35
129
.092
.091
Plaintield
2.39
16.09
1.31
6.80
2.-57
5.03
1.83
4.76
3.79
1.13
Union Hill
.028
5.39
1.29
2 57
3.33
9.20
170,181
128,657
114,973
3,262
199,682
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 47
From the above it appears that the whole number of pupils en-
rolled in the schools of the fifty-seven cities and villages included in
the table was 170,181. This is a gain of 5,637. The average enroll-
ment in the cities and villages was 128,657, which, compared with
the figures of 1893-94^ shows a gain of 6,185. The average attend-
ance was 114,973, an increase of 6,992. The number of cases of
tardiness was 199,682, a decrease of 17,334.
All the foregoing figures are exceedingly gratifying except the total
number of cases of tardiness ; although a large decrease from the
year before, this number is still abnormally high. I can see no good
reason why the city of Bayonne, for instance, with only a third more
pupils than Atlantic City, should have nearly three times as many
cases of tardiness; or why Bridgeton, with an average attendance of
only 1,548 pupils, should have 10,115 cases of tardiness, while the
city of Newark, with an average attendance of 20,727 (thirteen times
as many), should have only 7,667 ; or why Passaic, with only 1,684
pupils in average attendance, should have nearly as many cases of
tardiness as the city of Paterson, and nearly twice as many as the
city of Hoboken. To be sure, places may differ in their mode of
keeping the record of tardiness; still there should hardly be such
extraordinary discrepancies as the above table exhibits. It is intended
that every pupil not in his place at the opening of school, morning and
afternoon, should be recorded as tardy. The fact of a pupil's subse-
quent excuse by the teacher for any reason whatever should not affect
the record. If this rule were carefully followed, more satisfactory
comparisons could be made.
I am convinced, however, that in not a few of the cities and vil-
lages great laxity prevails. The importance of promptness in every
duty is not sufficiently enforced. There are cases of tardiness
that are wholly excusable; in such cases, the teacher should ex-
ercise a kindly clemency. But tardiness, without sufficient justifica-
tion, should be frowned upon by every good teacher ; boards of
education likewise should look more sharply into this matter. The
experience of many good schools shows that tardiness (inexcusable)
can be almost eradicated by proper measures. Promptness is one of
the most important of the minor virtues which the school is expected
to inculcate. Next to personal honesty and industry, it is one of the
chiefest business qualifications. The school can do much to inculcate
it. I sincerely hope that future reports will make a much better
showing in this particular.
TEACHERS AND CLASSES.
In the table below will be found interesting data concerning the
total school enrollment, average number on roll, average daily attend-
ance, number of male teachers employed, number of female teachers
48
SCHOOL EEPORT.
employed, total number of teachers employed, and lastly, the number
of pupils per teacher based upon average number on roll :
E 2
0)
<i>
4)
'S ffi 2
, ;
V
Si
a
2 b-a
fl
o
2«g
2
a
-a
03
S3
0)
S
f-i
0)
4)
"3
o
s
c
COUNTIES.
>,
a
a
,o aS-O p^
^
'•-"
3 o-'^
a
03
°-d
B'6
a 3 S*^
4)
I. <o
u o
a <^
f.il?
bo
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0) t»
a t->
'^ >.
^ S
03
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^ o
aa
•2^
t-
>
59
2 a
©a
== ?,
H^o'O
<
<
??;§
^g
E-i <u
ZS
Atlantic
6,043
4,367
3,773
29
105
134
32
11,452
10,549
17,594
2,613
8,016
6,703
11,228
1,677
6,956
5,707
9,614
1,419
50
41
20
25
168
164
319
33
218
205
339
58
36
32
33
Cape May
29
10.333
43,384
6,579
50,246
6,864
7,285
34,059
4,239
36,316
4,437
6,362
30,314
3,596
32,952
3,755
25
78
21
56
18
17
19
176
792
103
834
102
201
870
124
890
150
36
39
32
40
29
11,722
10,270
9,433
7,397
7,474
6,425
228
190
245
209
38
Middlesex
35
Monmouth
15,386
10,626
9,277
72
215
2S7
32
9,954
4,534
20,231
6,895
3,165
15,074
5,932
2,578
13,509
51
28
42
153
63
348
204
91
390
33
34
Passaic
38
5,872
5,399
6,246
11,987
8,012
3,804
3,639
3,422
9,084
5,724
3,319
3,137
2,951
8,308
5,077
19
18
34
24
39
98
100
90
219
128
117
118
124
243
167
32
30
27
37
34
Total
274,270
196,590
172,465
756
4,628
5,384
33.7
The whole number of children enrolled, as above, is shown to be
274,270, a gain of 9,763 over the enrollment of 1893-94. The
average number on roll was 196,590, or 71 per cent, of the total
enrollment, a gain of 11,405, or 5 + per cent, over the year pre-
ceding. The average daily attendance was 172,465, a gain of 4 +
per cent, for the year of this report. The causes for this gratifying
increase in total enrollment, average enrollment, and average attend-
ance, have been discussed under the head of Enrollment and Classifi-
cation.
The whole number of teachers employed was 5,384, which is a
gain of 310, or 5 per cent. The number of male teachers employed
was 756, a gain of 26 ; the number of female teachers 4,628, a gain
of 284.
A comparison of counties shows the largest gain to have been in
Hudson county, namely, 75 ; the next largest in Essex county, 60.
Passaic county shows a gain of 38 teachers ; Monmouth a gain of 26
teachers. Bergen a gain of 23 teachers, and Camden a gain of 22
teachers. Hunterdon county shows no change, while Salem, Sussex
and Union show altogether a total loss of 9 teachers.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 4JJ
It was expected that the change in the ba&is of distribution of
school moneys created by the act of 1894, whereby $200 is appra-
priated for each teacher employed before any other division is made,
would have the effect of increasing largely the number of teachers
employed. It seems, therefore, that the law has operated as intended.
When, as in Monmouth and Bergen counties, where there are no large
cities, the increase for a single year is shown to be twenty-six and
twenty-three teachers respectively, some idea can be had of the possi-
bilities of the new mode of distribution when its advantages are fully
appreciated. That the counties above named were the first to profit
by the change in the law is due in no small degree to the efficient
labors of County Superintendents Enright and Terhune, who saw at
once the advantages to be gained by increasing the number of teachers
and brought the same to the notice of their respective boards of educa-
tion. Another year we may confidently expect to see still other
counties making an increase in the number of teachers employed.
In the last column is shown the average number of pupils to each
teacher in the several counties of the State. Hudson county still
heads the list with 40 pupils to the teacher, although this is a decrease
of 3 pupils since last year. Essex county shows an average of 39
pupils to the teacher ; Mercer and Passaic, an average of 38 pupils
to the teacher ; Sussex county, an average of 27 pupils to the teacher ;
Cape May and Hunterdon counties, 29 pupils to the teacher. For
the whole State the average is 33.7 pupils per teacher. Last year the
State average was 36 6. This shows a decrease, therefore, of nearly
3 pupils to the teacher, which is an important gain in the right
direction.
Because the general county average shows only 27 pupils to the
teacher in Sussex (the lowest limit) and 40 pupils to the teacher in
Hudson (the highest limit) the mistake must not be made of thinking^
that large classes and overcrowding are things of the past. There
are still hundreds of school buildings in the State wherein teachers are
required to teach and discipline 50 to 100 pupils in a single class.
As previously stated, it was the intent of the act which provides for
a distribution of $200 per teacher prior to any further distribution,
to encourage the appointment of more teachers for these crowded and
unwieldy classes. No teacher should be permitted to instruct classes
containing 60 to 100 pupils, and especially in primary grades, where
as a rule, this evil exists most extensively. In primary grades 30 to
40 pupils is a large enough number for one teacher ; in grammar
grades 35 to 45, at the most. We often find in the same school ^
especially in the larger cities, primary classes containing 60 to 80
pupils each, and grammar classes containing as few as 15 to 20 pupils.
This is not right ; primary classes in such cases should be divided^
and the grammar classes combined in all such cases. That younger
children should be taught in small classes is universally conceded.
so SCHOOL REPORT.
The individual care of the teacher is what they most need. Later,
when habits of application and study have been formed, the personal
attention of the teacher may be withdrawn in a measure ; then more
pupils may safely be assigned without loss.
The table below contains similar statistics with reference to the
cities and villages of the State :
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
51
CITIES AST) VILLAGES.
Asbury Park (Neptune township)
Atlantic City
Bavonne
Beividere
Bloomfield
Bordentown
Bridgeton
Burlington
Camden
Cranford
Dover
East Orange
Egg Harbor City
Elizabeth
Englewood
Freehold
■Gloucester City
Hackenfack (New Barbadoestwp).
Hackettstown
Hammonton
Harrison
Hoboken
Jersey City
Kearny
Keyport
Lambertville
Long Branch
Madison
Jlillville
Montclair
Morristown
Mount Holly (Northampton twp)..
Newark
New Brunswick
■Newton
North Plainfield
■Orange
Passaic
Paterson
Perth Amboy
Phillipsburg
Plainlield
Princeton
Rahwav
Red Bank
Ridgewood
Rutherford
Salem
Somerville
Summit
Trenton
Union Hill
Vineland (Landis township)
Washington
Westfield
West Hoboken
Woodbury
Total
i a S
c ^ja
ci y oi fc.
2,185
2,433
3,645
317
1,4C8
517
2,266
1,011
11,007
324
1,135
2,706
334
5 510
465
665
819
1,503
551
745
1,1C8
8.648
26,970
1,782
719
551
2,281
406
2,143
2,077
1,125
918
29,767
2,690
546
816
2,361
2,938
14,033
1,610
1,675
2,136
473
1,319
863
399
767
1,220
838
394
7,671
2,S47
1,789
775
654
2,907
869
170,181
1,589
1,924
2,735
260
1,146
367
1,750
727
6,876
259
853
2,170
270
4,242
364
520
496
1,138
445
514
722
6,033
19,555
1,346
570
457
1,787
302
1,551
1,687
927
684
23,363
2,130
432
652
1,863
2,212
10,720
1,314
1,413
1,687
355
975
656
274
589
961
638
274
6,351
1,924
1,274
602
510
2,091
621
128,657
a
a
a
a>
o
a>
<K
<i>
a>
O
,G
i3
o
si
oj
cj
"O
o
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a>
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a
a
t-l
r«
,Q
o
o
a
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It
>
<
35
^2.
55 p.
1,4:6
4
37
41
1,710
3
50
53
2,401
5
82
87
239
1
6
7
1,021
2
36
88
323
2
10
12
1,548
2
41
43
605
2
14
16
5,954
8
202
210
230
1
7
8
764
3
19
22
1,968
8
56
64
239
2
4
6
3,993
4
93
97
333
1
10
11
461
2
10
12
455
1
11
12
1,026
5
24
29
391
2
10
12
444
3
11
14
639
3
14
17
5,451
11
142
153
17,986
20
466
486
1,172
2
27
59
510
1
11
12
418
1
12
13
1,617
6
.9
45
262
1
9
10
1,407
5
40
45
1,502
5
60
65
858
2
23
25
610
2
17
19
20,727
38
485
523
2,039
3
58
61
383
1
11
12
584
1
16
17
1,684
7
55
62
1,959
2
54
56
9,665
20
262
282
1,171
3
23
26
1,327
4
35
39
1,526
4
47
51
300
2
9
11
858
4
22
26
588
2
15
17
242
1
6
7
531
2
16
18
905
3
22
25
569
2
14
16
241
2
9
11
5,442
6
158
164
1,809
3
34
37
1,128
3
34
37
541
3
10
13
4^8
1
12
13
1,795
2
38
40
548
2
16
18
114,973
241
3,054
3,295
52 SCHOOL REPORT.
The large3t gain in number of teachers appears to have been made
in Jersey City, to wit, 33 teachers. Paterson shows the next largest,
25 ; and Newark comes third, with an increase of 19. Bayonne and
Passaic each appear to have done well, having increased their corps
of teachers 13 and 10 respectively. Bloomfield made an increase of
8 teachers ; New Brunswick of 7 ; Asbury Park an increase of 6 ;
Hackensack, Montclair and Vineland, by reason of uniting with
township districts, show a still larger number of teachers than here-
tofore.
An examination of the last column will show pretty fairly where
the worst overcrowding is to be found.
West Hoboken shows an average upon enrollment of 52 pupils to
the teacher ; but a new building in process of erection will likely do
away with this overcrowding another year. Union Hill, a district in
Hudson county adjacent to West Hoboken, shows a general average
of 51 pupils to the teacher. Both of these districts are rapidly
growing communities, being near suburbs of New York City ; hence
the great difficulty of keeping their school accommodations abreast of
their rapidly-increasing population.
Perth Amboy shows an average of 50 pupils to the teacher;
Kearny, 49 pupils to the teacher ; Keyport, 47 pupils to the teacher.
Newark shows a general average of 44 pupils to the teacher, the same
as last year. Jersey City shows an average of 40 pupils to the
teacher, a decrease of one since last year.
A careful inspection of the foregoing table cannot fail to convince
one that there is need of a thorough reform in this matter of over-
crowded classes.
It costs less, it is true, to support schools when only one teacher is
employed for every 60 to 80 pupils ; but it is a false economy ; the
saving is not real. If it is intended to get the largest amount of
good at the least possible cost, the object is not attained by requiring
teachers to instruct large classes. Education is thereby made more
expensive and not less. The public do not get what they pay for ;
the would-be economy becomes the most flagrant and inexcusable
extravagance.
COST OF MAINTAINING SCHOOLS.
It was to be expected that the cost of maintaining the schools for
the year 1894-95 would be somewhat in excess ot previous years,
owing to the fact that districts were required for the first time to
provide free text- books ; also, in many cases flags had to be pur-
chased in order to comply with the act of 1894. Incidental expenses
were larger than usual, since the new school boards in a great many
townships put all the school buildings into order, the first time for
many years. It is probable that with a full supply of text- books on
band, and the school buildings thoroughly renovated, there will be
EEPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
63
no need of large extra appropriations for several years to come. That
the majority of districts responded so quickly and so liberally when
the needs of the schools were pointed out, shows how earnest the
people are to give the children the best possible advantages for an
education. This seems to me a most hopeful sign and augurs well
for the future of the Bchools.
The table below gives the per capita cost of maintaining the schools,
based, first, upon school census, 5 to 18 years; second, upon total
number of pupils enrolled ; and third, upon average attendance.
The per capita cost based upon school census is least satisfactory,
since in many districts the number of children reported varies greatly
from year to year for no apparent reason except the impossibility of
securing an accurate enumeration.
The per capita cost, based upon total number of children enrolled
in the schoo]s during the year, furnishes a better guide for comparison,
since seats have to be provided and teachers employed for the maxi-
mum number of pupils enrolled and attending at any one time, even
though the average attendance falls considerably below. Still, how-
ever, for strict comparison, it is probable that the per capita cost,
based upon average attendance, is most satisfactory of all. The real
benefits conferred by the schools are to be inferred from the average
number of pupils receiving tuition during every day of the school
year.
^
a
a
c
o<v
®m
m o
og
K g
M a
a oi
a OS
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oj a
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<",5
P.<U
o-fl
Q."3
COUNTIE?.
OJ —
gl
);ls
S o
c4 a
*^
'H-a
0.5
'S-a
c_-
"0
vx
0) a
p >
fc5
Pi <x>
p^^
Atlantic
11.71
12 31
14.11
16.06
22 83
Bergen
2644
Burlington
7.89
10.34
9.66
10.98
14.49
11.27
20 29
Camden
26 53
Cape May...
21.47
•Cumberland
8.32
10.17
10.43
18.51
16 94
Essex
26.67
Gloucester
9.11
6.16
11.12
13.44
20 4i
Hudson
2048
Hunterdon
8.90
7.88
7.70
10.15
8,61
7.88
8.03
8.84
9.29
11.09
13.26
12.11
12 58
12,31
8,62
13.19
10.10
12.79
20 17
Mercer
2132
19 15
Middlesex
Monmouth
20 87
Morris
20 65
Ocean
15 16
Passaic
19 76
Salem
17.87
21.98
Somerset
Sussex
9.67
9.91
8.84
10.81
16.24
10.88
19 22
Union
23 43
Warren
17.18
Total
8.61
13 78
21 91
54 SCHOOL REPORT.
The average cost per pupil for the entire State, based upon cenpus^
was $8.61, an increase over the preceding year of $1.91. The figurts^
for last year showed a loss of $0.86. This not only makes u[t >he
loss, but carries the cost per capita $1,05 above that of the ytar
1892-93.
As stated previously, this additional cost is to be largely accounted
for by the required purchase of text books. Bergen county shows
the highest cost per pupil figured upon this basis, namely, $12 31 ;
Atlantic county follows with an average cost per pupil of $11.71 ;
Camden county, Essex county and Monmouth county also show a
cost per capita of over $10. Hudson county, as in previous years,
shows the lowest per capita, to wit, $6 16; next comes Middlesex,
$7.70, followed closely by Mercer, Ocean and Burlington, the two
former showing a per capita of $7.88 and the latter a per capita of
$7.89, Between $8 and $9 per capita are Passaic, $8.03 ; Cumber-
land, $8.32; Morris, $8.61; Salem and Warren, each $8.84, and'
Hunterdon, $8.90.
Passing now to the per capita cost based upon total number of
pupils enrolled we have the foUowiog comparisons : The average cost
per capita for the entire State was $13.78, an increase of $3, com-
pared with 1893-9 i, and of $1.23 compared with 1892-93. Com-
paring the average cost per pupil by counties we find Essex in the
lead with $18.51 ; next comes Union with a cost per capita of $16.24 ;
Bergen follows closely with a per capita of $16.06; Camden follows
with a per capita of $14.49; Atlantic, with a per capita of $14.11,
while below $14 and above $13 per capita are Hudson, 13.44; Mer-
cer, $13.26, and Passaic, $13.19. Below $13 are Monmouth, $12 58 ;.
Morris, $12.31 ; Middlesex, $12.11 ; Cape May, $11.27 ; Gloucester,.
$11.12; Hunterdon, $11.09; Burlington, $10 98; Warren, $10.88 ;
Sussex, $10.81 ; Cumberland, $10 43; Salem, $10.10; Ocean county
stands lowest on the list, showing a per capita cost for the year
1 894-95 of only $8.62. This is a decrease for Ocean county of $0,15'
from the year preceding.
Coming down to the third basis of estimating the per capita cost,
namely, according to the average attendance of pupils, the following
comparisons are of interest : The average for the entire State is shown
to be $21.91, a gain over the year 1893-94 of $3,79, and over the
year 1892-93 of only $1.19. This increase is due maioly, as pre-
viously stated, to the expense incident to a supply of free text-books ;
other incidental expenses are also to be reckoned with, since the
schools were never so generally and so thoroughly overhauled.
It is probable that the per capita cost of maintaining the schools
will be less in succeeding years for the reasons above given.
Comparing now the several counties we find as follows: Essex
again leads with a per capita of $26 67 ; Camden falls slightly below,
with a per capita of $26.53 ; Bergen follows next, with a per capita
$26 44; Union county shows a per capita of $23.43; Atlantic,.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 55
$22.83; Somerset, $21.98; Cape May, $21.47; Mercer, $21.32.
Below the State average, but still above $20 per capita, are : Mon-
mouth, $20.87; Morris, $20.65; Hudson, $20.48; Gloucester,
$20.41; Burlington, $20.29; Hunterdon, $20.17. Ocean stands
lowest on the list, showing a per capita of $15.16 (eighty-three cents
less than the year preceding) ; Cumberland is next lowest, with a per
capita of only $16.94, followed by Warren, $17.18 ; Salem, $17.87 ;
Middlesex, $19.15 ; Sussex, $19.22, and Passaic, $19.76.
Below is shown the per capita cost of maintaining the schools of
the State during the year 1894-95 in the cities and villages :
56
SCHOOL REPORT.
CITIES AND VILLAGES.
§
Si
11
SB
£2
0 .
n
§
si
^ a
*?
'5.4)
4) >
11.64
13.96
9.9S
10.00
14.%
8.47
10.06
5.95
11.12
13.45
11.14
18.29
8.45
7.32
16.68
8.01
8.97
15.77
10.44
10.95
6.04
7.28
6.23
9.78
9.11
8.61
13.82
13.84
8.15
28.27
8.51
10.11
8.83
7.63
9.92
12.15
7.82
10.94
7.87
6.93
12.09
15.08
11.07
10.45
12.79
7.74
21.23
9.06
10.51
14.22
7.72
8.54
12.34
8.42
15.27
5.76
15.21
12.89
17.01
16.16
13.50
19.42
23.66
10.75
10.09
15.62
19.69
13.44
23.57
12.68
14.07
31.10
11.67
10.19
17.62
12.64
11.05
13.83
15.09
13.52
12.16
10.58
15.31
17.22
19.32
10.59
34.25
18.47
13.77
17.25
14.81
14.38
15.88
20.08
16.08
13.52
10.66
18.47
20.53
16.31
14.05
19.33
11.94
23.89
11.15
12.21
32,36
14.42
11.27
18.60
8.97
16.80
8.59
14.78
19.88
Atlantic City
24.19
24.54
17.92
Bloomfielil
26.79
37.56
14.73
Burlington « ,
16 86
■Camden _
28.85
27.75
Dover
19.96
East Orange
32.41
Egg Harbor City
17.26
Elizabeth
19.42
Englewood
43.73
Freehold
16.85
Gloucester Citv
18.34
Hackensack (New Barbadoes township)
25.S2
Hackettstown
17.81
Hammonton
18 54
Harrison
23.99
23.45
•Jersey City
20.28
Kearny
18.49
Keyport
14 87
Lambertville
20.11
Long Branch
24.34
Madison
29.95
Millville
16.18
Montclair
47.37
Morristown
24.23
Mount Holly (Northampton township)
21.40
Newark
24.76
New Brunswick
19.52
Newton i
20.50
North Plainfield
21.78
Orange
28.21
Passaic
24 07
Paterson
19.63
Perth Amboy
14.66
Phillipsburg
22.11
Plainfield
28.74
Princeton
25.71
Rahway
21.59
Red Bank
24.98
Ridgewood
19 86
Rutherford
34.51
Salem
15.04
Somerville
17.93
Summit
52.95
Trenton
20.33
Union Hill
15.86
Vinelaud (Landis township)
21.47
Washington (Warren county)
12.85
Westfield
23 99
West Hoboken
13.92
Woodbury
19.06
Based upon school census the average per capita cost for the year
1894-95 appears to have been highest in Montclair, namely $28.27;
Rutherford comes next with a per capita cost of $21.23 ; East Orange
follows with a per capita of $18.29. The only other districts showing
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 57
;a per capita above $15 are Eoglewood, $16.68 ; Hackensack, $15.77 ;
Westfield, $15.27; Woodbury, $15.21, and PJainfield, $15.08.
L iwest on the list we find Gloucester City with a per capita of only
■$3.97; Jersey City shows a per capita somewhat greater than Glou-
cester City but still phenomenally low, to wit, only $5.23. West
Hoboken shows a per capita, based upon census, of $5.76 ; Burling-
ton City, $5.95, and Harrison, $6.04. Several other cities and vil-
lages show a per capita, based upon census, of less than $10. The
reason for this low cost per child is due in all the foregoing cases to a
large census as compared with the number of children who are actually
taught in the public schools.
It is probable that overcrowding to a large extent exists in each of
these low cost cities, but by no means to so great an extent as would
appear from the low cost per pupil. The cost per pupil is estimated
by dividing the amount expended for teachers' salaries, janitors' sal-
aries, fuel, text- books, taking census, manual training and incidentals
by the whole number of children between the ages of five and
eighteen ; hence where the number of children of school age is large
as compared with the total cost of maintenance the per capita will be
flmall. But as stated previously the figures shown in the second
column, namely, the per capita based upon enrollment, furnish a
more satisfactory basis for comparison.
Upon this latter basis Montclair shows a per capita cost of $34.25,
the highest in the State. Summit comes next with a per capita of
$32.36 ; Englewood follows next with a per capita of $31.10. These
are the only places showing a per capita above $25. Rutherford
shows a per capita of $23.89, Bordentown shows a per capita of
$23.66, East Orange a per capita of $23.57 ; the only other places
above $20 per capita are Plainfield, $20.53, and Orange, $20.08.
Xiowest on the list is West Hoboken, $8.59^ followed closely by
Washington, $8.97.
In the outside column is shown the cost per capita based upon
average attendance. Summit takes the lead with a cost per capita of
$52.95; next comes Montclair with a per capita of $47.37, followed
closely by Englewood, $43.73 ; Bordentown shows a per capita of
$37.56; Rutherford shows a per capita of $34.51; East Orange a
per capita of $32.41; Madison a per capita of $29.95; Camden,
$28.85; Plainfield, $28 74; Orange, $28.21; Cranford, $27.75;
Bloomfield, $26 79; Hackensack, $25.82 ; Princeton, $25.71.
The foregoing are all the cities and villages showing a per capita
above $25. It is to be noticed that all except Camden ($28.85) are
small cities and villages. Generally speaking, the cost of education,
all other things being equal, will become more expensive as the popu-
lation decreases. The extremely high cost per child for education in
Summit, Montclair, Englewood, Rutherford and Eist Orange is due
(to the fact that no expense is spared to make the schools equal to the
58
SCHOOL REPORT.
best anywhere in the country, while the population is not suflScientl7
large to make the same economical.
Turning our attention to the lowest on the list we find as follows :
Washington stands at the foot of the list, showing the per capita cost
based on average attendance of $12 85; next follows West Hoboken
with a per capita of $13.92; after West Hoboken come in order:
Perth Amboy, $14.66; Bridgeton, $14.73; Key port, $14.87 ; Salem,
$15 04; Union Hill, $15 86; Millville, $16 18 ; Freehold, $16 85 ;
Burlington, $16.86; Egg Harbor City, $17.26; Hackettstown,
$17.81; Belvidere, $17,92; Somerville, $17.98. The foregoing are
all the places showing a per capita cost below $18.
For a comparison of the larger cities of the State the following
additional tables are submitted :
Based upon census the cost was as follows :
Newark $S 83
Jersey City 5 23
Paterson ., 7 87
Camden 11 12
Trenton 7 72
Hoboken 7 28
New Brunswick 7 63
Elizabeth 7 32
Orange 7 82
Based upon total enrollment the cost per capita was as follows :
Newark $17 25
Jersey Citv 13 52
Paterson...". 13 52
Camden 15 62
Trenton 14 42
Hoboken 15 09
New Brunswick 14 81
Elizabeth 14 07
Orange 20 08
Based on average attendance the per capita cost was as follows :
00
1
CO
824 76
20 28
19 63
28 85
20 33
23 45
19 52
19 42
28 21
S23 75
19 55
18 97
25 80
24 21
20 11
15 90
18 57
26 77
S24 96
Jersey Citv
11 54
20 76
Camden
29 32
Trenton
31 17
25 59
20 82
Elizabeth
23 -^7
Orange
26 8»
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 5^
BOROUGH SCHOOL DISTRICTS.
I regard it as most unfortunate that the act of 189-1 made it pos-
sible for Mttle boroughs of only a few hundred people to constitute
separate school districts. The Leg'slature of 1895 wisely remedied
this defect by enacting that no borough hereafter created should
become a separate school district unless it contained at least 400
children between the ages of five and eighteen according to the
annual school census of the preceding year. Many of the evils which
the Township act aimed to remove will be perpetuated in these little
boroughs. It may safely be predicted that at no distant date these
small borough schools will be among the poorest in the State ; and
this for the simple reason that they cannot be maintained economi-
cally. They will not contain pupils enough to be graded. In the
upper classes especially, the number of pupils will be so small that it
will hardly pay to employ a competent teacher to give instruction^
In other words, the small boroughs by becoming separate school dis-
tricts are doomed to be and to remain ungraded schools with all the
drawbacks incidental thereto. Small attendance will make super-
vision and instruction both very expensive ; and the borough taxables^
in many cases will be too low to warrant large school expenditures.
The appointment of low-priced, inexperienced teachers will likely be
the result.
Generally speaking, not less than 500 to 1,000 pupils can be
graded and taught in a single school district with due regard to
economy. A village or borough of 2,500 inhabitants can maintain
ordinarily a good graded school, with high school department, without
resorting to excessive taxation. But the cost of maintaining a school
of similar grade in a community of double that population would
be relatively very much cheaper. As pupils pass from lower grades
to higher their numbers thin out very rapidly, especially above the
middle grammar grades (eleven to thirteen years) ; hence in the
smaller school districts no separate classes for these advanced pupils
can be maintained except at a high cost for tuition. It is for this
reason that so few rural schools make proper provision for older
pupils. Small classes are too expensive ; and when provision is made
by the school authorities the advantages are usually so poor that the
pupils prefer to stay away and engage in some more congenial
occupation.
The legal school age is five to twenty years, and districts are pre-
sumed to provide adequate and suitable instruction for all children
between these ages who wish to attend ; hence it is obvious that the
education contemplated by law is practically denied to a large number
of children in many rural districts and small boroughs.
Below is given a table showing the number and giving the names
of the small boroughs and special charter districts of the State having
60 SCHOOL REPORT.
less than 500 children of school age, which constitute separate school
districts. The number of children given is taken from the latest
published census returns, namely, those of May Slst, 1894.
ATLANTIC COUNTY.
Brigatine borough 16
Pleasantville borough 414
Somer's Point 66-
BERGEN COUNTY.
Allendale borough 105
Bergenfield borough 108
Carlstadt borough 506
Cliffside Park borough 147
Cresskill borough ; 82
Delford borough 139
Eastwood borough 109
Fairview borough.. 102
Fort Lee (special charter) 387
Glen Kock borough 123
Hasbrouck Heights borough 140
Leouia borough.. 153
Little Ferry borough 265
Lodi borough 421
May wood borough 58
Midland Park borough 390
Montvale borough 60
Old Tappan borough 77
Park Ridge borough 177
Ridgefield borough 126
Riverside borough 106
Saddle River borough 97
Schraalenburgh borough , 117
Tenafly borough 358
Underclift' borough 170
Upper Saddle River borough 78
"Waliington borough 253
Westwood borough 142
Woodridge borough 142
BURLINGTON COUNTY.
Beverly city 458
Fieldsborough 173
Riverton borough 348
CAMDEN COUNTY.
Chesilhurst borough 72
Merchantville borough 283
CAPE MAY COUNTY.
Anglesea borough 53
Avalon borough 16
•Cape May Point borough 44
Holly Beach borough 61
KEPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. Ql
Ocean City borough 132
Pea Isle City 150
West Cape May borough 203
ESSEX COUNTY.
Caldwell borough 317
Glen Ridge borough 356
Vailsburgh borough , 233
GLOUCESTER COUNTY,
Wenonah borough 115
HUNTERDON COUNTY.
Clinton borough,, 199
Frenchtown borough 208
MERCER COUNTY,
Wilbur borough 302
MIDDLESEX COUNTY.
Dunellen borough 283
Washington, town of. 428
MONMOUTH COUNTS".
Atlantic Highlands borough 324
Belmar , 353
Manasquan borough , 444
Neptune City 132
Spring Lake borough
MORRIS COUNTY.
Mt. Arlington borough 10&
Netcong borough 272
Eockaway 414
OCEAN COUNTY.
Bay Head borough 61
Beach Haven borough 56
Island Heights borough 63
Point Pleasant Beach borough 160
PASSAIC COUNTY.
Ponipton Lakes borough 179
SALEM COUNTY.
Elmer borough 281
Pennsgrove borough 348
Woodstown borough 399
«2
SCHOOL REPORT.
SOMERSET COUNTY.
Bound Brook borough 420
East Millstone town of. 160
South Bound Brook borough 214
SUSSEX COUNTY.
Deckel town borough 244
WARREN COUNTY.
Belvidere borough 428
DISTRICTS AND TAXES.
In the following table will be found the number of cities, town-
ships and boroughs of the State which constitute separate school
districts ; the length of the school year ; the number of districts that
raised a special tax for any purpose ; and the number of districts that
raised no special tax :
COUNTIES.
1
5
.2
t
S
p
o
o „•
us
S2
ll
li
4) H
•gg
S5
£ <a
If
o d
t-, aj
p-
M .
a a
o5«
■^■&
>,«
.2 8
§ft
ft
a
«
.Q
0)
> .
-§5
^a
-.9
a i^
2
y.
1
'3
m <u
a) 03
!z; p.
2
0)
Is
Si
.2 5
•S, u
rl
h 1-
Is
15
•11
MS
.2 «
*-> ^
r a)
•eg
S3?
6-2
S H
»3
Number of districts that raised tax for
text-books and apparatus.
H
S
O
a
■a
o
•3
u
5
c
.—
o
B
3
z
Atlantic
15
49
32
13
12
12
18
17
11
18
11
15
25
22
17
9
15
14
16
13
20
15
49
20
13
12
12
18
17
11
18
10
15
25
22
8
9
15
14
16
13
19
14
45
13
13
9
10
18
12
9
5
2
11
12
15
11
5
3
11
14
12
6
13
46
11
13
8
11
14
16
9
11
11
14
24
22
9
7
12
12
12
13
19
7
29
5
11
6
3
12
11
13
5
11
12
6
7
7
4
2
5
6
5
15
37
28
13
6
11
15
16
7
16
10
14
25
21
12
6
14
14
14
13
13
>._...
1
E^sex
?
1
Ocean
9
Somerset
Warren
1
1
Total
374
23
351
250
307
174
320
4
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 63
From the foregoing table it will be seen that the whole number of
separate school districts, including cities, towns and boroughs is 374.
Under the old system the number as reported for the year 1893-94,
was 1,408. This shows a decrease of 1,034, or considerably over
two-thirds, and was brought about by the enactment of the Township
law, which consolidated into one all the districts into which a town-
ship had been formerly divided. The advantages of this consolidation
act were discussed at great length in my report for last year ; and
elsewhere in this report will be found allusions to the remarkably
favorable effect it has had upon the schools during its one year's
trial. Under the old system there were three trustees for each school
district. The act of 1894 fixed the number of trustees at nine ; but
by an amendment to that act passed last winter it is now optional
with districts to reduce the number to five or even three trustees. It
is likely that many districts will soon take advantage of this amenda-
tory act to reduce the number.
I am of the opinion that even so small a number as three trustees
are quite enough to administer the schools of a township. In great
cities like New York, with as many children enrolled as the State of
New Jersey, 21 members only constitute the entire school board of
the city. Newark has a board of 18 members only ; Jersey City of 13
members ; Camden, Paterson and Trenton, of 8. It can hardly be
maintained that the oversight of the schools of any township involves
so great an amount of labor as to make it necessary to apportion the
same among nine persons. The notion that all the separate parts of a
township should be represented in a board is wrong in principle and
bad in practice. Three or five men can easily be selected in every town-
ship who can be trusted to legislate impartially for all sections thereof.
The attempt to have all sections represented is oftentimes the cause of
jealousies and disputes. Members will act in the interests of their
particular localities rather than in the interest of the township as a
whole. The old district lines should be forgotten ; the sooner the
better. It is the good of the whole township that should be always
kept in view under the present system. One objection to a board of
nine members is the difficulty of getting a quorum. With three
members, two being a majority, or with five members, three being a
majority, the question of a quorum for the transaction of business
will be less troublesome than at present. The method of reducing
the number of trustees prescribed by chapter 51 of the laws of 1895,
is one that will commend itself to everyone.
The law requires that all schools shall be kept open for a period of
nine months annually, and directs the State Superintendent of Public
Instruction to withhold the payment of school moneys to all districts
failing to comply.
It will bs seen from the foregoing table that twenty-three districts
failed to keep their schools open the full term required by law ;
64 SCHOOL REPORT.
twelve of these districts were in Burlington county, nine in Ocean^
and one each in Mercer and Warren. The closing of schools on
account of contagious diseases and on account of necessary and una-
voidable repairs are the reasons assigned in each case for a shorter
school year than the nine months required by law.
Attention is called to the fact that 250 districts of the 374 rai?e3
a special tax for the payment of teachers' wages. This is a most
hopeful sign. The importance of having good teachers at whatever
cost is becoming more and more evident. Township boards do not
view with favor the loss of their best teachers year after year because
school boards of neighboring townships are willing to pay a slightly
increased compensation. There is a feeling, moreover, that teachers
at the best are underpaid ; also, that to get the best work out of a
corps of teachers they should receive something better than merely
living wages. No one, then, can view except with satisfaction this
general movement to increase the salaries of teachers.
Attention should be called, also, to the fact that 307 districts out
of a total of 374 raised a special tax to build or repair their school
houses. This, also, is unprecedented, and shows a healthful state of
progress. One of the first things done by the majority of township
boards was to inspect the school buildings of their townships. Not a
few of these buildings had not heard the sound of the carpenter'^
hammer for year3 ; and when the new boards took hold a thorough
overhauling was the result. This of course made it necessary to call
meetings of taxpayers to obtain the necessary authority to make and
pay for the repairs.
That so large a number of districts, 307 out of 374, responded at
once is a cause for congratulation. No other evidence is needed to
prove that a radical re-organization of the State school system was
needed, than this large amount of building and repairs in a single
year. Doubtless when the school buildings are all put in thorough
order there will be less need for special taxation for this purpose.
One hundred and seventy-four districts raised a special tax for pay-
ment of debt and interest. This item means that 174 districts erected
during the year 1894-95, or in preceding years, new buildings for
the cost of which a debt had been contracted. An increase in the
number of districts reported under this head is to be looked upon
with especial favor.
Again 320 out of a total of 374 districts raised a special tax for
text- books and apparatus. That all districts were not required to
raise a tax for text- books is due to the fact that a large number were
already supplying pupils with free books prior to the enactment of
the Free Text-book act. Probably no school legislation was ever
more bitterly opposed in some quarters than this Free Text-book act.
It is likewise equally certain that in the end no school legislation will
ever enjoy greater popularity.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 65
The first effect of the act was burdeDsome in the extreme to not a
few districts, since it involved an unusually large expenditure of
money, and all at one time. But just as soon as the schools are once
fully supplied the burden will be lighter, and the cost of education
will be greatly reduced to the taxpayer who has children for whom
school books need to be bought. To those taxpayers who have no
children attending school, the annual charge for maintenance of
schools will be somewhat greater of course ; but to pay any school
tax is burdensome for the citizen who has no children of school age,
unless he realizes the advantage of having his neighbor's children
educated. This advantage is believed to be so great that every civil-
ized community is willing to bear the burden of education, consider-
ing that not only is society as a whole benefited thereby, but every
individual member of society as well. ^]^*"**
Only four districts in the entire State, during the year 1894-95,
failed to raise a special tax. One of these fortunate, or better per-
haps unfortunate, districts was in Bergen county, two in Hunterdon
county and one in Warren county. These districts stand out in such
marked contrast to the rule that I am almost compelled to mention
them, but I have not their names before me at the present writing.
In no township or city are the appropriations of State funds large
enough to warrant the attempt to maintain schools without resort to
special taxation. It may be that the four districts referred to had a
balance left over from the previous year which enabled them to avoid
a special tax for the time being.
GRADES OF TEACHERS' CERTIFICATES.
In the table that follows will be found interesting and instructive
data concerning the different grades of certificates held by the teachers
of the State; also, the number of Normal School graduates, the
number of training school graduates, and the number of college
graduates :
66
SCHOOL REPORT.
STATE
CERTIFICATES.
COUNTY
CERTIFICATES.
City certificates.
1
F
to
s
S
to
"3
g
o
1
O
a
¥
5 M
S
COUNTIES.
TS
1
a
-a
a
o
V
6
I
-a
3
H
a3
1
t
o
CJ
o
w
o
g
•a
!3
i
Atlantic
4
19
7
24
4
7
45
8
57
6
18
11
11
10
1
11
5
6
4
15
5
16
59
28
11
5
38
17
14
3
8
32
7
9
6
37
13
29
25
2
21
83
43
45
39
15
24
39
99
80
58
8
16
74
42
22
12
24
25
25
26
55
86
44
78
25
17
53
82
47
86
41
27
55
85
48
35
14
45
41
64
22
62
21
5
29
21
19
28
39
13
35
23
17
29
35
35
25
24
26
16
15
11
27
16
1
3
9
6
3
39
113
38
36
2
21
111
47
50
10
77
28
87
53
11
20
9
36
17
45
10
2
6
f.
10
?
202
7
........
46
27
467
5
2
1
3
3
1
230
4
Cumberland
10
63
19
30
16
27
18
46
17
6
15
4
20
7
22
5
68
507
3
63
1
9
1
i?
84
Hudson
584
in
3
109
67
2
3
Middlesex
7
1
11
Morris
26
4
8
282
13
11
18
8
9
6
18
13
2
3
8
1
2
40
9.
Union
121
9
10
Total
277
439
312
734
1,C02
493
1,996
131
860
847
174
The number of teachers holding first-grade State certificates was
277, which is 5 + per cent, of the whole number of teachers in the
State. This is three less than the number reported a year ago, and
shows how carefully the issue of first-grade State certificates is being
guarded at the present time. None are issued except to principals of
graded schools who have shown distinguished executive capacity ;
and in no case except upon a rigid examination in academic and
professional studies.
The whole number of second-grade State certificates held by
teachers was 439, which is 8 + per cent, of the whole number of
teachers. Last year the number of teachers of corresponding grade
was only 310. This shows a gain of 129. Second-grade State
certificates are issued to pupils of the State Normal School upon
graduation from a three-years' course. To all others they are issued
only upon examination, the subjects being the same as those required
for a first-grade State certificate. The large increase, 129 in a single
year, shows that the quality of the teaching force of the State is
gradually improving.
Of holders of third- grade State certificates there were 312, which
is about six per cent, of the whole number of teachers. The corre-
sponding number for last year was 331, showing a loss of nineteen.
The number of teachers holding State certificates of any grade was
1,028, which is about twenty per cent, of the whole number of
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 67
teachers in the State. The corresponding number for last year was
'921, which shows a gain of 107.
Hudson county still leads in the number of teachers who hold first
grade State certificates, namely, 57 ; Essex comes next with 45 ;
Camden, next with 24 ; Bergen, next with 19; Mercer, 18; Union,
15; Middlesex, Monmouth and Passaic, 11 each; Morris, 10; Ocean
-<50unty had but one teacher who held a first grade State certificate;
Atlantic, Cape May and Sussex, 4; Salem, Somerset and Warren
each, 5.
Of teachers who held second grade State certificates Essex county
shows the largest number, namely, 63 ; Bergen comes next with 59 ;
Monmouth, next with 46 ; Hudson comes fourth with 30, followed
<3lo8ely by Burlington and Mercer with 28 and 27 respectively. Cape
May appears to be the only county not having a teacher holding a
second grade State certificate. Salem county stands low also in this
list with only four certificates of this rank. Warren, Ocean and
Sussex do somewhat better than Salem, having five, six and seven
respectively.
Since graduates of the Normal School receive certificates of this
grade it can be inferred that there were few Normal School graduates
in the counties last named.
Of county certificates there were held all told 2,229, which is about
40 per cent, of the whole number of certificates in force of all kinds.
Of these 734 were of first grade, 1,002 of second grade and 493 of
third grade. The corresponding numbers last year were 607 of first
grade, 928 of second grade, and 550 of third grade. The whole
number of teachers holding city certificates was 1,996, as against
1,916 for the year 1894-95. Of special certificates the whole number
held was 131, the same as last year.
The number of Normal School graduates was 860, which is about
16 per cent, of the whole number of teachers in the State. This is a
gain of 72, or about one-half of one per cent.
Bergen county leads in number of Normal School graduates 113;
Essex stands second with 111; Monmouth, third with 87; Morris,
fourth with 53; Hudson, fifth with 50; Union, sixth with 45.
Other counties showing a fair percentage of Normal School graduates,
are Atlantic, 39; Burlington, 38; Camden, 36, and Somerset, 36.
Cape May county had the fewest Normal School graduates, namely,
only 2; Salem stood next to lowest with 9 only; Hunterdon and
Warren each had 10; Ocean county had 11 and Sussex 17.
Of college graduates there were employed during the year of this
report 174, as against 121 for the year preceding, a gain of nearly
one- third. There is no fact mentioned in this report of more hopeful
promise than this large increase in college graduates. The time has
come in this country when our schools must be brought into closer
relation with the higher institutions of learning. The great univer-
sities and colleges were never so prosperous nor so well attended ;
68 SCHOOL KEPORT.
they are graduating each year thousands of young men and women^
many of whom turn to teaching as their chosen profession. Many
of the higher institutions of learning have established departments of
pedagogy, wherein young men and women are fitted especially to
engage in the work of teaching. A fair proportion of the teachers in
our schools should be chosen from this professionally equipped class,
who will become a leaven of great power among those who have not
enjoyed the advantages which these great institutions of learning
afford.
Nor is the somewhat greater cost of professionally -trained and
highly-equipped teachers a necessary bar to their employment, since
every township is able to employ at least one teacher whose oppor-
tunities for a liberal and professional education have been greater thar^
those enjoyed by the rank and file.
Essex county takes the lead in number of college graduates em-
ployed, 42 ; Hudson county comes next, 18 ; Passaic county employed
13; Monmouth county, 11; Bergen and Warren counties each
employed 10 ; Cape May county alone had no college graduate on the
roll. Cumberland and Somerset counties each had 1 ; Atlantic, Bur-
lington and Sussex counties each had 2 ; Camden, 4 ; Hunterdon, Mer-
cer, Ocean and Salem each had 3.
In the following table will be found data similar to the foregoing
concerning the cities and villages :
KEPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
69
STATE
CERTIFICATES.
COUNTY
CERTIFICATES.
0
"S
u
ta
■■g
<i>
0
>•
3
0
2
S
u
5
0
p.
s
60
a
c
0
0
1
to
c
"ai
£5
Si
5 M
(U
CITIES AND TOWNS,
1
to
t
o
-o
a
to
■o
a
o
u
o
CO
<i3
g
to
OS
to
1
1
to
•a
a
8
<o
m
a3
to
s
CS
to
to
i
_A.sbury Park (Neptune
2
15
6
10
7
4
3
7
21
22
6
13
4
3
9
24
7
22
21
9
1
Atlantic City
13
10
1
18
1
Bloomlield
2
5
S
3
2
15
2
3
2
11
6
6
2
?
1
4
2
14
34
5
9
1
2
9
14
2
1
191
1
15
3
14
37
4
9
3
7
1
15
2
6
1
4
6
8
5
4
4
6
3
2
3
12
1
2
4
1
7
1
1
2
8
8
1
East Orange
Egg Harbor City
15
2
2
2
31
T'
3
81
?
6
1
5
2
1
6
2
1
4
8
2
5
1
2
9
11
9
8
4
?
2
3
1
1
1
1
11
2
1
Hackensack (New Barba-
3
1
1
1
11
25
2
1
8
1
4
3
5
1
6
1
4
3
1
3
5
3
'""si"
432
135
449
6
3
1
5
6
2
2
8
8
2
2
8
1
17
2
1
2
1
4
1
3
12
3
26
3
3
21
6
1
1
2
2
1
1
30
1
1
1
2
3
6
3
1
2
3
3
3
1
1
1
2
14
6
1
2
25
6
Madison
Millville
1
10
34
'""24
1
13
3
9
2
Mount Holly (Northamp-
ton township)
4
17
5
3
3
10
1
5
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
7
1
13
1
5
7
5
2"
7
5
4
"i
3
2
2
3
"i
1
4
453
60
■■"50
20
268
8
10
51
7
21
2
6
7
9
7
6
12
1
26
6
10
8
3
11
4
10
4
47
4
7
2
8
5"
441
2"
2"
2
228
S")
^ew Brunswick
3
2
1
2
North Plainfield
1
4
14
2
5
2
Orange
4
Passaic
3
2
22
9
2
3
q
Perth Amboy
2
2
1
9
Phillipsburg
i'
1
1
1
3
4
Plainlield
9
6
iPrinceton
3
3
2
7
2
2
2
4
4
1
1
17
1
2
3
14
5
'5"
3
1
3
5
2
4
2
13
21
9
2
21
7
2
5
4
1
Rah way „
1
Red Bank
3
Ridgewood
1
Rutherford
3
9
Salem
2
2
1
14
4
2
11
3
-Somerville
1
2
21
2
2
3
■Stimmit
1
1
2
7
2*
4
1
1
1
1
Trenton
108
32
2
'I'nion Hill
'S'ineland (Landis twp)
'SVashington
1
Westfield
2
1
1
1
1
West Hoboken
4
1
"HVoodbury
3
1
1
Total
190
225
144
277
245
107
2,016
94
497
1,248
139
70 SCHOOL REPORT.
There are employed in the cities and villages 190 teachers holding-
first-grade State certificates, seven more than were reported last year,
Newark employed thirty and Jersey City twenty-five. The rules of
the boards of education in both these cities require all principals of
grammar schools to hold a certificate of this grade. Camden and
Trenton each employed 14 teachers who held first-grade State certifi-
cates; Hoboken, 11; Bayonne, 10; Elizabeth, 7; Paterson, 6;.
Bridgeton, East Orange and Union Hill, 4 each. The places having
no teachers holding a first-grade State certificate were Atlantic City,.
Bloomfield, Cranford, Gloucester City, Lambertville, Plainfield,
Rutherford, Vineland and Washington. (Note. — By an error in last
year's report. Union Hill was credited with no teachers holding first-
grade certificates. It should have been credited with four.)
Of teachers holding second-grade State certificates, there were 225.
Of these Newark reports 17; Asbury Park, 15; East Orange, 14;
Trenton, 13; Bayonne, Montclair and Passaic, 10 each. Bslvidere,
Burlington, Egg Harbor City, Gloucester City, Hoboken, Keyport,
Madison, Morristown, New Brunswick, Plainfield, Washington and
West Hoboken report no teacher holding second-grade State certifi-
cates.
Of third-grade State certificates, 144 were held. The only city
or village reporting no State certificates of any grade was Gloucester
City.
Of county certificates there were held 277 of the first grade, 245 of
the second grade, and 107 of the third grade. It is gratifying to know
that there were more first-grade county certificates in force in the
cities and villages than either second or third. The rules of the
State Board of Education limit the life of a third- grade county cer-
tificate to one year, with a possible renewal for one year more. The
second-grade county certificate is good for three years, with renewal
only upon examination. The first-grade county certificate remains in
force for five years, and is renewable without examination.
Doubtless the fact that a third- grade certificate is not renewable
after the second year is the reason why so many teachers seek to
obtain the certificates of higher grade. Under the school law of New
Jersey boards of education of cities are authorized to make their own
rules for the examination and qualification of teachers. Hence it is
we find so large a number of city certificates in force, to wit, 2,016.
Of special certificates, there were in force 94, Montclair showing
25 and East Orange 15 of this number.
Attention is next called to the number of Normal School graduates
in cities and villages. Trenton being the home of the New Jersey
State Normal School, naturally shows the largest number, to wit, 47 ;
East Orange comes next with 37 ; Long Branch and Plainfield come
next with 26 each ; Asbury Park reported 22 ; Atlantic City, Mont-
clair and Newark each reported 21 ; Belvidere, Burlington, Keyport^
Mount Holly and West Hoboken reported none.
EEPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 71
The whole number of city training school graduates reported
was 1,248.
Of college graduates Newark reported 35; East Orange, 12;
Montclair and Paterson, each 9 ; Jersey City, 8 ; Long Branch and
Plainfield, each 6 ; Camden, Orange and Phillipsburg, each 4 ;
Hackensack, New Brunswick, Passaic, Red Bank and Rutherford,
each 3. The places reporting no college graduates were : Atlantic
City, Bayonne, Belvidere, Bordentown, Bridgeton, Burlington,
Gloucester City, Hackettstown, Hammonton, Harrison, Kearny,
Keyport, Lambertville, Madison, Mount Holly, North Plainfield,
Somerville, Union Hill, Vineland, Washington and Woodbury —
twenty-one places in all, the same as reported last year.
Once more I wish to call attention to the fact that no city or village
can afford to ignore the desirableness, not to say necessity, of having
one or more teachers in the corps who are college graduates, or who
possess literary qualifications of an equal rank. Certain it is that our
schools can never rise to the highest plane of efficiency until the
necessity of a liberal culture, such as a reputable college is supposed
to give, is recognized by the employment therein as principals or
assistants of persons who have been liberally educated.
SALAEIES OF TEACHERS.
The efficiency of any system of schools depends more largely upon
the number and character of the teachers employed than upon build-
ings, equipment, supervision or any other agency or condition.
Some of the most successful schools ever known have been held in
log houses, with not a single one of the modern conveniences or appli-
ances. The processes of instruction are moral and intellectual and
do not depend, except secondarily and incidentally, upon external con-
ditions. I do not mean to say that good buildings and attractive
surroundings do not exert a potent educational influence; but the
character, intelligence, skill and devotion of the teacher are the para-
mount conditions of a successful school. Such being the case, should
not the teacher receive a liberal compensation, proportionate to the
value and importance of the service rendered ?
It is one of the phenomena of our times that the number of men
engaged in teaching is growing smaller year by year. This is not
because the average salaries paid are less, but the opportunities for
larger gain in other avocations for men of the required intelligence
and education are more numerous and attractive. It is said that
teaching does not pay ; and hence young men are taking up other
avocations. The fact is that teaching pays better than ever before in
the history of our country ; but the class of men that formerly taught
our schools could not get employment in them now. The demands
of the present day are such that only liberally- educated men stand
72
SCHOOL EEPORT.
much chance of selection, at least for the better class of positions.
Boards of education want college- educated or normal-school- educated
men and women. Indeed it is next to impossible in our State for a
man with neither experience nor training in teaching to get a position
in any kind of school whatever.
It is to be regretted, perhaps, that there are so few male teachers
in the schools. Not that women teachers are inferior in most respects
— indeed they are often superior in many of the most essential char-
acteristics of a good teacher — but it seems to me that in order to
preserve a healthy equilibrium of training there must be a fair pro-
portion of men in the schools. Women, as a rule, possess more
sympathy, delicacy and tact; hence for small children are better
adapted than men ; but the sterner, the more vigorous and forceful
qualities of a man are needed to develop fully the character of pupils
and enable them to engage successfully in the struggle of life. Since
the compensation determines so largely the kind of men and women
who choose the profession of teaching as a means of livelihood, the
table below will be found significant.
COUNTIES.
Average salary per month
paid to male teachers.
Average salary per month
paid to female teachers.
>
■^ c
o C
~ 53
03
9
*^ o
a,.-;
ig
aZ
OS ..^
Atlantic
865 90
90 68
55 53
97 37
53 42
65 87
160 f4
65 83
129 54
52 10
78 41
81 18
74 96
63 69
48 36
97 C8
52 95
65 03
46 75
117 10
4'J 65
845 14
49 65
39 51
46 89
37 20
36 84
61 65
40 74
46 71
35 26
42 28
40 17
46 46
43 70
39 04
46 91
34 92
41 19
35 78
49 33
36 13
83 18
80 43
22
12
1 37
58
1 60
73
56
1 86
1 29
Bergen
80 32
Burlington
22
Camden
1
1 91
11 61
Cape May
CumVjerland
Essex
7 32
1 77
Gloucester
Hudson
12 30
1 57
Hunterdon
Mercer
22 18
12
83 38
Middlesex
"■gW
3 31
2 3S
2 77
53
3 82
1 46
4 10
Monmouth
6 93
1 33
1 67
1 54
Morris
Ocean
Passaic
Salem
l"^l
Somerset
3 12
37
2 79
2 37
Sussex
Union
4 67
2 14
Warren
Average.,
882 59
847 04
82 75
81 55
By an inspection of the foregoing it will be seen that the average
monthly salary of male teachers throughout the State for the year
1894-95 was $82.59. This is a gain of $2.75 per month, or about
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 73
three and one-half per cent, over the average salary reported last year.
True, the gain is not great, but if it advances yearly by no larger per
cent, there is hope for the future.
The average monthly salary of women is shown to be $47.04,
which is a gain over last year of $1.55.
It will be seen also that thirteen of the twenty- one counties of the
State, show an increase of salary paid to men ; eighteen counties an
increase in the average salary paid to women. Mercer county shows
a large decrease of $22.18 per month paid to men, and Middlesex a
correspondingly large decrease, namely, $4.10, paid to women. It is
to be hoped that these instances of decrease will continue to be few.
Surely no one can claim that teachers, either male or female, are
overpaid. Eighty-two dollars and fifty-nine cents per month for
men, which is hardly more than $3 per day, counting twenty-
six working days to the month, as in most avocations, is
certainly not a large income, considering the time and money
required in these days to fit one to become a teacher, and the
fairly high social position that a teacher is compelled to occupy
in every community. It is not to be lost sight of, also, that the
school year is but ten months at most ; often but nine months only ;
so that one- quarter to one- third is to be deducted from a teacher's
apparent annual income. It is often said that as an offset to the
small salaries paid to teachers that they are required to work only
five days in the week, and have two or three months vacation each
year. This long vacation is a misfortune rather than an advantage,
regarded from the standpoint of most teachers. There are few who
would not gladly teach twelve months in the year to increase their
slender incomes. But the established system, which accords with the
best judgment of the people everywhere, is averse to extending the
length of the school year. Teachers, therefore, must make a nine-
months' income cover twelve months' expenses.
The following table contains similar data concerning the average
salaries of teachers in the cities and villages of the State :
74
SCHOOL REPORT.
CITIES AND VILLAGES.
•< ft
ft2
sa ai
"i a
■"2
a) >>
Asbury Park (^eptune township)....
Atlantic City
Bayonne
Belvidere
Bloomfield
Bordentown
Bridgeton
Burlington
Camden
Cianford
Dover
East Orange
Egg Harbor City
Elizabeth
Englewood
Freehold
Gloucester City
Hackensack (New Barbadoes twp.)
Hackettstown
Hammonton
Harrison
Hoboken
Jersey City
Kearny
Ke^Tort
Lambertville
Long Branch
Madison
Millville
Montclair
Morristown
Mount Holly (Northampton twp.)...,
Newark
New Brunswick
Newton
North Plainfield
Orange
Passaic
Paterson
Perth Am boy
Phillipsburg
Plainfield
Princeton
Rahway
Red Bank
Ridgewood
Rutherford ,
Salem
Somerville
Summit
Trenton
Union Hill ,
Vineland (Landis township)
Washington ,
Westfleld
West Hoboken
Woodbury
Average..
893 75
143 85
151 51
110 00
142 50
91 25
95 00
100 00
149 70
150 00
83 33
174 40
86 12
180 00
175 60
110 00
101 01
149 84
80 00
63 70
141 46
135 24
195 30
126 26
147 68
102 00
115 00
150 CO
74 28
160 96
145 00
97 50
190 00
145 35
150 00
100 00
139 00
105 00
135 CO
103 32
71 25
141 25
110 85
107 60
115 00
145 90
107 14
65 00
72 50
107 50
141 66
135 27
89 45
63 33
180 00
142 51
83 33
S139 88
$51 81
49 42
48 80
40 00
51 97
45 00
36 80
43 00
49 35
48 57
47 48
63 80
46 17
55 67
64 39
44 00
48 20
55 25
36 25
45 20
50 10
49 59
55 88
46 61
41 86
43 96
57 00
51 11
36 84
77 00
55 85
38 70
65 00
53 20
41 36
50 00
53 20
45 32
48 00
45 20
42 04
58 59
41 70
48 26
55 46
53 83
51 72
38 86
45 00
58 44
51 34
46 22
41 57
36 20
57 50
35 93
45 59
$10 00
"■■4*35"
7 32
'54"o6"
64 40
5 56
4 39
1 01
3 70
7 04
32
1 00
■"9*28"
'1250'
5 00
3 32
1 25
85
11 60
68 50
12 57
5 00
32 19
14 01
821 25
3 90
3 13
57 50
1 16
"24 Yf
1
1 00
8 06
1
5 21
8 60
2 61
4 50
'*4"65'
41 78
11 00
15 00
1 25
62 86
22 50
54 66
9 77
43 88
11 67
9 05
S58 40
$0 51
80 85
1 67
4 47
3 76
1 77
85
2 27
4 52
7 10
73
2 34
48
1 00
7 97
2 00
5 40
13 50
2
58
1 20
■3 0*6'
1
6 38
5 84
4 21
20 96
20
87 65
From the above table it appears that the average monthly salary
paid to men in cities and villages for the year of this report was.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
75.
$139.88, a gain of $0.51 over the amount paid the year before ; while
the average monthly salary paid to women was $58.40, a gain of
$7.65 over the amount reported for the year 1893-94. This last fact
is exceedingly gratifying. It shows that in the cities and villages,,
which are the educational centers, the idea that women should be paid-
better salaries is fast gaining ground. For male teachers Jersey City
appears to be paying the highest average monthly salary, namely,
$195.30. Newark comes next in order with $190 per month. Eliza-
beth and Westfield each paid $180 per month to male teachers.
Englewood paid to male teachers an average monthly salary of $175.60,
East Orange $174.40, and Montclair, $160.96.
It should be observed that in the smaller cities and villages employ-
ing only two or three male teachers the average above given can
hardly be compared with that of the larger cities like Newark, Jersey
City, Paterson, &c. The addition of one low-salaried male teacher,
where only one or two other male teachers are employed, would
lower the average greatly ; likewise, the addition of a single high-
salaried male teacher would affect considerably the general average.
But the eight largest cities of the State can be fairly grouped and
compared, as follows :
«
CITIES.
2
<»
a
o
1
1
3
"3
1
V
OB
s
>
<
20
38
4
8
3
6
7
11
20
S195 30
190 00
Elizabeth •
180 00
149 70
145 35
141 6&
139 00
135 24
135 00
It will be observed, therefore, that the city of Paterson still con-
tinues to pay its male teachers the lowest average monthly salary, a&
in former years. Of the fifty-seven cities and villages reported above,
twenty-four, or slightly less than one-half, report an increase in sal-
aries paid to men ; whereas thirty-one, or slightly more than half,
show an increase in salaries paid to women teachers. The largest
average increase to male teachers seems to have been made in Red
Bank, namely, $68.50; the next largest in East Orange, namely,
$64.40; next come Cranford with $54 increase, Union Hill, $32.19
76
SCHOOL REPORT.
increase, and West Hoboken, Ridgewoodand Morristown with $14.01,
:$12.57 and $12.50 respectively.
Ridgewood shows a decrease of $62.86 per month paid to male
teachers ; Bloomfield, a decrease of $57.50 ; Summit, a decrease of
^54.66 ; Vineland, a decrease of $43.88. All the foregoing cases of
decreased average monthly salary can be explained by the appoint-
ment of more teachers at small salaries, thereby lowering the average ;
in few, if any instances, I believe, has the salary of a city or village
principal been reduced.
It will be observed that there are no such wide annual variations
in the average salaries paid to women teachers. This for the reason
that owing to their larger number, the appointment of one or more
high-priced or low-priced teachers does not greatly affect the general
average.
The largest increase in average salary paid to female teachers is
shown by Red Bank, namely, $20.96 ; the next highest by Montclair,
$13.50; Hammonton, East Orange, Plainfield, Princeton and Mill-
ville show an increase of $7.97, $7.10, $6.38, $5.84 and $5.40
respectively.
The largest decrease in salaries paid to female teachers is shown by
Hoboken, to wit, $12.93; next follows Madison, $8.05; Summit,
:$7.99; Ridgewood, $6.59, and Westfield, $5.13.
Comparing the eight larger cities of the State in respect to average
salaries paid to female teachers, we find the following to be the case :
c
J5
>.
o
"3
o
>>
CITIES.
C4
a
.a
a
a
o
a
^
a>
o
00
^
«
a
3
>
;z;
<
485
466
93
58
55
158
202
142
262
$65 OO
55 83
Elizaoeth
55 67
53 20
53 20
51 34
49 35
49 59
Paterson
48 00
COUNTY TEACHEBS' INSTITUTES.
During the year institutes were held in all the counties of the State
with the exception of Hudson and Mercer counties. The difficulty of
fixing a satisfactory date led to a final postponement of the institutes
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 77
in those counties until the following season. Taken as a whole, the
institutes for 1894 were fully as successful as those of any preceding-
year, and in many cases superior. An effort was made to reduce the
number of instructors at each institute and also the number of topics
presented ; this in order to condense and unify the instruction and to
give the teachers something more specific and definite to carry back
with them to their schools.
In accordance with the recommendations made last year the time
allotted to the several county institutes was reduced in some few cases,
as is shown in the following table, of the number of days during
which each institute was held :
Atlantic county Three days.
Bergen county One day.
Burlington county Three days.
Camden county Two days.
Cape May county Three days,
Cumberland county Three days.
Essex county One aid one-half days.
Gbucester county Three days.
Hudson county None.
Hunterdon county Three daya.
Mercer county None.
Middle3ex county , Two days.
Monmouth county Three days.
Morris county Two days
Ocean county Three days.
Passaic county One day.
Salem county Three days.
Somerset county Three days.
Su??ex county Two days.
Union county One day.
Warren county , Three
The following are sample programmes of the institutes for three
days, two days and one day respectively :
Programme of thb Teachers' Institute
FOE
Monmouth County,
At High School, Long Branch, N. J., November 26th, 27th and 2Sfh, 1S94.
John Enright, County Superintendent.
INSTRUCTORS AND LECTURERS.
Clarence E. Meleney, . - - Teachers' College, New York.
A. W. Edson, Worcester, Mas?.
H. B. Boice, State Normal School.
Mi38 Mary C. Field, - - - - Stats Normal School.
Christopher Gre^gory, - - - Prmcipal, Long Branch.
A. Robin'on, Principal, Millstone Township.
SCHOOL REPORT.
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 26tH— MORNING SESSION.
10:30. Ofening Exercises.
10:45. Physical Culture. Dr. H. B. Boice.
11:30. Teaching Drawing. Miss Mary C. FieM.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
1:30. Physical Culture. Dr. H. B. Bo'ce.
2:10. Teaching Drawing. Miss Mary C. Fitld.
2:c0. Physical Culture. Dr. H. B. Boice.
3:30. Teachirg Drawing. Mifs Mary C. Field.
TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 27tH — MORNING SESSION.
9:00. Opening Exercises.
9:15. Teaching Arithmetic. Christopher Gregory.
10:00. Township Supervision. A Robinson.
10:45. Teaching Arithmetic. Christopher Gregory.
11:30. Coordination of Studies. C. E. Meleney.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
1:30. Topical Teaching. A. W. Edson.
2:10. Elementary History and a Course in History Instruction. C. E. Meleney.
2:50. Government and Discipline. A. W. Edson.
3:30. The Child's Interest in Literature as a Basis for Reading and Culture.
C. E. Meleney.
EVENING SESSION.
8:00. Lecture. A. W. Edson.
"WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 28tH — MORNING SESSION.
9:00. Opening Exercises.
9:15. Teaching Arithmetic. Christopher Gregory.
10:00. The Ideal Teacher. A. W. Edson.
10:45. Teaching Arithmetic. Christopher Gregory.
11:30. Teaching of Manners and Morals in School. A. W. Edson.
Programme of the Teachers' Institute
FOR
Essex County,
At Peddie Memorial Church, Newark, N. J., November 16th and 17th, 1S94.
Elmer C. Sherman, County Superintendent, Essex County.
William N. Barringer, City Superintendent, Newark.
U. W. Cutts, City Superintendent, Orange.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 79
INSTRUCTORS AND LECTURERS.
William J. Milne, Ph.D., - - Principal Albany Normal College.
Oeorge Morris Philips, - . - Principal Westchester, Pa., Normal School.
Eev. F. C. Iglehart, D.D., - - New York.
Louis D. Bevier, Jr., Ph.D., - - Rutgers College.
James M. Green, Ph.D., - - Principal State Normal School.
Austin C. Apgar, .... State Normal School.
H. B. Boice, M.D., - - - State Normol School.
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 16tH— MORNING SESSION.
9:15. Opening Exercises.
Trio—" Lift Thine Eyes." Mendelssohn.
9:30. Physical Culture. Dr. H. B. Boice.
10:10. How the World is Governed. Dr. G. M. Philips.
10:50. Physical Culture. Dr. H. B. Boice.
11:20. Song—" Jack Frost." Gaul.
11:30. School Savings Banks. Dr. G. M. Philips.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
2:00. Lecture—" Home, Society and the School." Rev. F. C. Iglehart, D.D.
2-A5. Rational Teaching. Dr. William J. Milne.
3:15. Literary Culture. Dr. James M. Green.
3:45. Trio—" The Swallow." Leslie.
3:50. Natural Methods in Teaching. Dr. William J. Milne.
EVENING SESSION.
8:00. Trio—" The Dragon Flies." Graben-Hoffman.
8:10. Lecture— " Neglected Education." Dr. William J. Milne.
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 17tH — MORNING SESSION.
9:15. Opening Exercises.
9:30. Botany. Austin C. Apgar.
10:10. Song. William R. Williams.
10:15. The Corner-Stone of Our Educational Temple. Dr. Louis D. Bevier, Jr.
10:55. Zoology. Austin C. Apgar.
The music will be rendered by the following Newark teachers :
Mrs. Arthur Griggs, Miss Lulu Weslwood,
Miss Lillian G. Sayre, Miss S. Emily Potter,
Miss Belle Hampton, Miss Grace A. Roberts.
Mr. William R. Williams,
Accompanist, Miss Elizabeth M. Stringer.
80 SCHOOL REPORT.
Programme of Teachers' Institute
FOR
Bergen County.
Union School Building, Hackensack, N. J., November 2d, 1S94.
John Terhune, County Superintendent, Bergen County.
INSTRUCTORS AND LECTURER?.
A. E. Winship, Ph.D., - - - Boston, Mass.
"William A. Mowry, Ph.D., - - Hyde Park, Mass.
James M. Green, Ph.D., - - - Principal State Normal School..
H. B. Boice, M.D., - - - State Normal School.
FRIDAY, NOVEJIBER 2d.
9:30. Opening Exercises
9:45. Science of Education. Dr. James M. Green.
10:20. Teaching Essentials. Dr. A. E. Winship.
10:45. Literary Culture. Dr. James M. Green,
11:15. Specializing in Teaching. Dr. A. E. Winship.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
1:30. Physical Training. Dr. H. B. Boice.
2:10. United States History. Dr. W. A. Mowry.
2:50. Physical Training. Dr. H. B. Boice.
3:30. Teaching of Civics. W. A. Mowry.
I am still of the opinion that the time has come when, in most of
the counties at least, an institute of one day will suffice. Years ago
when institutes were first inaugurated there were few teachers in the
State who had received any professional training. There were few,
if any, teachers' meetings or reading circles; professional books,
magazines and papers were not to be had. Under those circumstances
the institute of three days' duration was far more necessary than at
present when all the foregoing auxiliaries are numerous and easily
available. Hence it seems to me that the time has arrived when a
change in the character of the institute is desirable. Instead of deal-
ing, as hitherto, in elementary methods almost exclusively, the institute
should aim : 1st, to be a sort of educational revival meeting; 2d, a
means of bringing to the attention of all teachers the larger educa-
tional truths that are pressing upon the attention of teachers every-
where. An institute of one day will in most cases suffice for the
purposes stated above if followed up by professional reading, by
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 81
teachers' meetings, and the usual means now employed in every live
school district to secure an intelligent, wide-awake and efficient corps
of teachers.
In the case of one-day institutes the small appropriation of $100
for each county would be adequate. At present in those counties
which hold a two- days' or a three- days' institute, it is necessary to
hold a number of them simultaneously and to transfer speakers from
one to the other in quick order to keep within the $100 appropriation.
For the foregoing reasons I shall encourage, so far as practicable,
one-day institutes for the season of 1895-96.
CITY SUPERVISION.
Just as intelligent and careful supervision is essential to economy
of production in all industrial enterprises, so supervision of the right
kind and amount is necessary to secure the greatest amount of good
from our educational systems. The growth of the idea that the
schools should be thoroughly and intelligently supervised is one of
the marked changes that has taken place in recent years, not only in
our own country, but in other countries as well. Scarcely a city of
any size or prominence in the United States that does not to-day
employ a superintendent of schools. Formerly the powers of this
officer were limited to carrying out the will of the employing board 'y
the superintendent was allowed little individual discretion. The
tendency now is to charge the superintendent of schools with the
duty of personally carrying out a policy of his own in the man^e-
ment and instruction of the schools, even to the appointment and
discharge of teachers, and of holding him strictly responsible to the
board and the community for the wise exercise of his powers.
Surely this is in line with the practice generally followed in busi-
ness undertakings. The manager of any large business interests, the
president of a bank or manufacturing company, must be allowed a
large amount of individual discretion in the performance of his
duties ; if hampered by unnecessary restrictions which make it impos-
sible to enter upon and carry to a successful termination a distinctive
policy of his own, failure is almost sure to result.
Experience amply proves that in order to get the most out of an
executive officer he must be allowed the free exercise of his powers
and must be held to strict accountability therefor.
There are twenty-one cities of the State employing superintendents
of schools. Of this number 14 employ a man who is required to>
give his entire time to the duties of his office.
In a few cases the superintendent of schools performs only tke
clerical duties of the board of education and a supervising principal,
so-called, performs the duties which are generally assigned to a super-
intendent. The necessity of employing one supervising officer, eveni
82 SCHOOL REPORT.
in the smaller cities, to give his whole time to the schools, is every
day becoming more and more imperative. In cases where it is im-
possible to pay a large enough salary to secure a competent man to
give his whole time to supervision, it would be advisable to select one
of the teachers, say the high school principal, or some one of the
grammar school principals and make him a supervising principal,
and this for the purpose of unifying and harmonizing the discipline,
instruction, course of study, <fec., of the system. Some additional
salary should be granted in consideration of these extra duties. Great
care should be taken in the selection of such an officer, since a bad
choice would inure to the injury of the schools rather than to their
improvement. Energy, intelligence, scholarship, tact, executive
ability and high ideals should be possessed in a large measure by one
who is to lead the educational system of a city. Considerations of
personal popularity, political or social influence should not weigh as
against the more essential qualifications above mentioned. Abie and
efficient leadership is universally recognized as necessary to every suc-
cessful enterprise ; it hardly seems necessary, therefore, to urge this
point further. The only objection that stands in the way of employ-
ing competent expert supervision in our schools in all places, great
and small, is that of its cost.
I am of the opinion, however, that the schools of any community
would be so greatly improved by competent supervision that this
question of expense should be a secondary consideration only. The
main question is this : How, with the means at command, can we
make the best investment so as to secure the largest returns. A bank
without a president, a manufacturing concern without a manager, a
city without a mayor, would each be saving the cost of a single sal-
aried officer, but, would it pay ? My contention is that for the money
expended the largest returns come from wise, energetic, intelligent
supervision.
Hence it is that I would recommend most strenuously the plan of
appointing a superintendent or supervising principal of schools at a
fair salary in every city and larger school district of the State.
TOWNSHIP SUPERVISION.
The same reasons that render it advisable to employ superintendents
of schools in cities apply with equal force to townships comprising
several schools though more widely scattered ; in fact the need of an
officer to organize and supervise these scattered schools is even more
imperative. In most cases, however, the matter of cost would make
it prohibitory ; unless the superintendent could be employed for a
considerable portion of his time as a principal or teacher. The only
feasible plan at present, therefore, to give the schools of the town-
EEPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 83
ships the advantages of expert oversight is to make one of the prin-
cipals of each township a superintendent of all its schools.
That this is wholly practicable is shown by the fact that at the
present time sixty-two townships and boroughs of the State have
taken this step with entirely satisfactory results, as the following list
shows :
LIST OF SUPERVISING PRINCIPALS OF TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS.
Allantie County.
Haiumonton (town of), H. C. Krebs, Hammonton.
Hamilton (township), E. D. Riley, May's Landing.
Bergen County.
Union (township), Richard L. Powell, Kingsland.
Burlington County.
Beverly (city), H. A. Stees.
Bordentown (city), Wm. Macfarland.
Burlington (city), Wilbur Watts.
Northampton (township), C. D. Raine, Mt. Holly.
Palmyra (township), M. J. Wils^on.
Riverside (township), Wm. H. Stoops.
Camden County.
Haddonfield (borough), David Davis, Haddonfield.
Stockton,(town of), James J. Stewart, Cramer Hill.
Cape May County.
■ Cape May City, E. F. Lewis.
Cumberland County.
Fairfield (township), Chester F. Ogden, Fairton.
Landis (township), H. J. Wightman, Vineland.
Lawrence (township), Geo. W. Bowman, Cedarville.
Essex County.
Belleville (township), Thomas J. Bissell.
Bloomfield (township), John B. Dunbar.
East Orange (township), Vernon L. Davey.
Franklin (township), Wm R. Wright, Nutley.
Irvington (special charter), F. H. Morrell.
. Millburn (township), George J. Vogel.
Montclair (township), Randall Spaulding.
West Orange (township), E. D. McCollom.
84 SCHOOL REPORT.
Gloucester County.
Clayton (township), W. Collum Cook.
East Greenwich (township), Amanda Wilson.
Glassboro (township), Frank W. Bowen.
Greenwich (township), W. H. Bennett.
Woodbury (city), Wm. Milligan.
Hudson County..
Kearny (township), Wm. H. Kinsley, Arlington.
Union (town of). Otto Ortel, Weehawken.
Union (township), Wm. M. Van Sickle, Guttenberg.
West Hoboken (town of), Robert Waters, West Hobokeii.
Hunterdon County.
Earitan (township), 8. B. Gilhuly, Flemington.
Lambertville (city), A. P. Kerr.
Mercer County.
East Windsor (township), Theodore Green.
Princeton (borough), A. W. Hartwell.
Middlesex County.
Dunellen (borough), A. J. Whitney.
Piscataway (township), Harry Lathers.
Monmouth County.
Freehold (town of), John Enright.
Holmdel (township), T. P. Welch, Keyport.
Howell (township), A. M. T. Flandreau, Farmingdale.
Keyport (town of), S. V. Arrowsmilh.
Long Branch (special charter), Christopher Gregory.
Manalapan (township), Charles Stout, Englishtown.
Millstone (township), Winfield Robinson, Perrineville.
Neptune (township), James M. Ralston, Asbury Park.
Ocean (township), Samuel D. Wiseman, Elberon.
Red Bank (town of), Richard Case.
Upper Freehold (township). A, Robinson, Allentowa.
Morris County.
Boonton (city), L. J. W^hitney.
Chatham (township), R. M. Everett.
Chester (township), A. W. Kiser.
Dover (city), J. H. Hnlsart.
Madison (borough), W\ B. Matthews.
Rockaway (township), L. F. Bailey, Hibernia.
Ocean County..
Lakewood, E. Libbie Caward.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 85
Passaic County.
^one.
Salem County.
None.
Somerset County.
' Sotuerville (special charter), John S. Haynes.
North Plainfield (borough), Charles E, Boss.
Sussex County.
Newton (borough), C. J. Majory.
'Sparta (township), W. H. JSteegar, Ogdensburg.
Union County.
Cranford (township), K. E. Clement.
Summit (township), E. Fred. Knapp.
Westfield (township), E. Francis.
Warren County.
None.
The general advantages to be derived from supervision of this
character are the following: uniformity of administration throughout
the township ; more certain and rapid execution of the rules of the
board ; unification and systematization of course of study ; better
methods of teaching ; higher ideals of school work ; better system of
gradation and promotion of pupils, &c. Added to the foregoing is
the fact that the board of education have always at call an expert who
is presumably qualified to give advice a^ to organization, administra-
tion, repairs, improvements, supplies and, in general, as to all those
matters that the board is required to act upon.
The additional cost of such supervision need be only slight, namely,
a small increase in salary of the teacher chosen for superintendent.
The thing to be guarded against is the appointment to this responsible
position of any incompetent person. No advice is always better than
bad advice ; no supervision than bad supervision. If care be taken
to secure as principal or head teacher of one of the schools a person
of intelligence, scholarship and especially of good administrative
ability, the question of a competent superintendent is at the same time
provided for. It remains for the board only to pay such additional
compensation as may be necessary to induce such teacher to assume
the extra responsibilities of superintendent or supervising principal.
One of the chief arguments for the consolidation of school districts
under the Township act was the fact that it would establish the con-
'ditions essent'al to the successful administration of the schools.
86 SCHOOL REPORT.
Among these conditions are :
Ist. A board of education representative of the best intelligence of
the community.
2d. Teachers chosen upon merit and without reference to individual
preferences or prejudice?.
3d. A supervising officer to strengthen the hands of both board
and teachers.
Upon the teacher depends very largely the success or failure of the
processes of education. Given the best school buildings, the most
modern and expensive equipment, the most liberal appropriations for
its support, and the school may still be a failure if the teachers are
indolent and incompetent. How, then, may indolence or incompeteccy
of teachers be best guarded against ? I reply, by placing over them a
proper superintendent. Again, I invite a comparison of the school
with any business concern and affirm that no better results can be
expected of a school than of a farm or manufacturing establishment
where there is no one to assume the sole and immediate responsibility
for success or failure. True, there is a teacher for each school, and it
might appear that the conditions of responsibility are met when the
board makes such teacher directly accountable. This would be the
case if the members of the board were able to give the necessary time,,
attention and technical skill to the supervision of the school. Still
where there are several schools in a township, especially if they are
graded, each must work in relation to all the others and to the system
itself. This requires more knowledge of details and more time and
attention to adjust them than those who compose school boards are
usually able to give, especially without compensation.
I am satisfied, therefore, that in most cases it is desirable for the
board to delegate many of its powers to a competent supervising
expert who shall have the general oversight and determination of
matters of school administration ; in other words, to appoint some
teacher as supervising principal and look to him to manage the details
of administering the schools.
COOPERATIVE SUPERVISION.
Another method of securing adequate supervision in townships too
small to enable them to employ economically a superintendent of their
own, is the plan inaugurated a few years ago in Massachusetts. It is
there called "district supervision." It provides that two or more
townships may unite to employ a superintendent, each agreeing to pay
its quota of his salary and expenses and arranging for an equitable divi-
sion of his time. For instance, the contiguous townships A, B atd
C, having respectively 10, 15 and 20 teachers, agree to elect a super-
intendent in common and to give him the immediate administration
of the schools under rules and regulations mutually agreed upon.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 87
Said superintendent visits and inspects the schools, examines into the
qualifications and success of teachers, courses of study, government
and discipline of pupils and all other matters appertaining to the
administration of schools and reports thereon to the several boards of
education. He assists in organizing the schools of the several town-
ships, in grading them properly, in supervising the methods of
instruction, &c. He calls the teachers together frequently, instructs
them in their duties, counsels with them in diflPereat matters in
general, performs all those duties usually required of a city superin-
tendent of schools. He becomes a responsible and valuable adviser
of the boards in all those matters requiring technical and expert
knowledge to act intelligently thereon. Under the operation of thia
law it is said that over nine-tenths of all the school children in the
State of Massachusetts now enjoy all the advantages of city schools,
so far, at least, as watchful and intelligent supervision is concerned.
But in order to enable townships the better to secure this co-opera-
tive supervision, and to encourage the same, the State makes a special
appropriation of the sum of $1,250 annually to each district for the
payment of the superintendent's salary and for additional teachers'
wages. I am told that no legislative act has ever been better received
or has accomplished more good within a limited time than this
Massachusetts act, to give the rural districts the benefits of expert
and competent supervision, such as the cities alone have heretofore
enjoyed exclusively.
Under the New York law for many years villages containing 5,000
or more inhabitants employing a superintendent of schools have
received a special appropriation of $800 from the State. It may be
said that the principle, therefore, of paying out of the State funds for
the supervision, as well as for the teaching of schools, has abundant
precedent. If we are to accept the testimony of the educational
authorities of these States, the aid given as above to the villages and
rural districts for supervision has accomplished incalculable good. I
look for the time when similar provision shall be made by legislative
enactment in our own State.
Liberal amounts are annually appropriated for the maintenance of
our schools ; but the care of the State should not be withdrawn when
the money has been paid over to a city or township ; it should see to
it that the money so paid is expended in such manner as to produce
the highest possible results.
Supervision of schools should rank next in importance to the
instruction of schools ; indeed, so necessary to successful instruction is
competent supervision that the two should receive together the watch-
ful oversight of the State.
For a discussion of county supervision, see annual report for the
year 1894.
€8 SCHOOL REPORT.
HIGH SCHOOLS.
Conditions throughout the State are now ripe for legislation looking
to the development of secondary or high schools. New Jersey is
notably behind several Eastern States and many of the Western
States in this one department of public education. More than 250
years ago the Massachusetts Legislature enacted that all towns con-
taining two hundred or more householders should provide a school
•suitable to prepare pupils to enter Harvard College. For many
years the State of New York has used the income of the United
States Deposit Fund to promote secondary teaching in the high
schools and academies of the State. Throughout the West the high
school and the college are patronized by the State with all the ardor
and liberality which are shown to the elementary schools. In our
own State I am not aware that any legislation has ever been secured
looking directly to the establishment or aid of high schools. The
specious and misleading argument is generally put forward that the
State has its hands full to provide for its elementary schools ; and
that even these in some communities are not well enough cared for.
The fact is that where secondary, or high school education, is most
liberally provided for there elementary education receives its most
liberal support. So true is this statement that it applies not only to
-every State and civilized country, but to every community, large or
•small, city, village or rural district, almost without exception.
And the reason is not far to find, since a good high school in any
community exerts a reflex influence upon the lower grades. Pupils
in the elementary schools look forward to the time when they shall
be sufficiently advanced to attend the high school. It is a spur to
their ambition. Daily contact at school with other pupils pursuing
advanced studies is a powerful incentive to younger pupils. It gives
them the notion that education is worth striving for, when their older
brothers and sisters are engrossed in their studies.
No one doubts that it pays the State to educate its children and
youth in the elementary branches. A more intelligent and moral
citizenship is the result, for a common school education undoubtedly
makes better citizens. The State is safer and stronger and more pros-
perous in proportion to her freedom from illiteracy. It is upon this
principle that State support and control of schools is based. Now if
it can be shown that secondary education adds still more to the general
prosperity of the State, is not the State justified in undertaking its
maintenance for the same reason that it maintains elementary schools?
Reduced to its lowest terms, the support of a high school in any
community is a business proposition. It may be stated as follows :
Will the erection and maintenance of a school suited for pupils from
fourteen to sixteen, or eighteen years of age, be a paying investment
in this township or village? A majority of the larger villages of the
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 89
IState, and all of the cities, have answered this question in the affirma-
tive. If the people of Atlantic City, Asbury • Park, Bloomfield,
Dover, Freehold, Long Branch, Hackensack, East Orange, Montclair,
Morristown, Newton, Plainfield, Vineland and a score more of pro-
gressive townships and villages were asked whether the value of real
estate, for sale or rent, had increased in their respective communities
because of the existence of a good high school, the reply would be a
most emphatic " yes." Nor need we seek far to discover the reasons.
Parents who have children to educate decide to build, buy or rent
homes where there are good schools of all grades. Under any good
school system the boy or girl should have completed the common
school studies at the age of thirteen to fourteen years. What shall be
•done with the boy or girl after that age, if taken out of school ? The
girl is too young to be married and the boy in most cases too young
to be put to work. Clearly some provision should be made for chil-
dren between the ages of fourteen and sixteen, or eighteen. If the
schools be made poor enough these boys and girls can be kept grind-
ing away at the common school branches until they are seventeen or
eighteen years of age, before completing them. But assuming that
the elementary schools are good (not always a safe assumption in a
community having no high school), boys and girls at the age of
thirteen or fourteen should be through with the elementary branches.
It would be a gross waste of their time and opportunity to keep them
plodding three or four years more at the same elementary studies.
What, then, shall we do with our boys and girls at the age of thirteen
to fourteen ? This question is second in importance to no other in
our State to-day. My answer would be : Provide in every village
and township one school, at least, of a higher grade than the others ;
kt it be centrally located if possible ; make this the school for all
boys and girls who have completed the elementary grades. The legal
school age in this State, as previously stated, is five to twenty years.
The boys and girls who have completed satisfactorily the work of the
primary and grammar schools may rightfully ask that suitable pro-
vision be made for their school attendance up to the age of seventeen,
at least, which is three years below the limit fixed by law.
By the consolidation of the old school districts that formerly existed
conditions have been created for the economical establishment and
support of township high schools. During the past year numerous
townships took early advantage of these favoring conditions and set
out to establish such schools. I hope to see a still larger number
established in the immediate future.
Below is given a list of the high schools of the State, and much
interesting data as to their organization, corps of teachers, courses of
.study, attendance, number of graduates, &c.
90
SCHOOL REPORT.
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-94 SCHOOL REPORT.
MAKUAL AND INDUSTKIAL TRAINING.
Below will be found a list of the cities and school districts of the
State that have established industrial schools or have adopted manual
training as a part of their regular course of study ; also, the amount
of the State appropriation granted to each for the year 1891-95.
fl* Industrial schools organized under chapter 144 of the Laws of
1881 :
Hoboken $3,250
Newark 5,000
Total 18,250
Manual training schools organized under chapter 38 of the Laws
of 1888;
Atlantic City $2,000
Camden 5,000
Cape May City 500
Carlstadt' 450
East Orange 1,000
Garfield 500
Hackensack 500
Montclair 3,000
Orange 2,000
Passaic ,. 1,000
Paterson 1,000
Eed Bank 500
Kidgewood 600
South Orange 1,000
Summit 750
Town of Union 500
Vineland 600
$20,900
Manual training school for colored children organized under
chapter 344 of the Laws of 1894 :
Bordentown $4,426 65
The whole amount expended for manual and industrial training
during the year 1894-95 was $66,360.04.
It will be observed that the amount expended has not increased
rapidly from year to year. The only new places to take advantage
of the Manual Training act during 1894-95 were Red Bank and Cape
May City. The cause for the slow progress of manual training in
the schools of the State has been the conservative attitude ot its
friends. It seemed better to experiment carefully before recommend-
ing its universal adoption. In my previous reports I have alluded
to this desirable conservatism.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 95
In most of the districts above named great improvements have been
made during the year in plant, enlargement of course of study and em-
ployment of special instructors. Special reports from all thege schools
will be found in the Appendix to this report. It is evident, by a care-
ful perusal of these reports, that manual training is every year becom-
ing more and more an established feature in the instruction of many
of the best schools in our State. Scarcely an important city in the
United States that has not incorporated manual training to a greater
or less extent into some of its schools. Manual training high schools
are maintained by nearly all of the large cities. The Committee of
Fifteen of the National Educational Association, in their programme
for elementary schools, recognized the value of manual training to a
complete course of study, and gave it an important assignment of
time, namely, one- half day each week during the seventh and eighth
years of the elementary school course. There is no longer any doubt
that manual training has won for itself a permanent place in the
school curriculum. There has been some question hitherto as to the
relative values of the different branches of manual training ; little by
little, however, opinion is crystallizing and there is a reasonable
prospect that we shall soon be able to know the value of the different
kinds of manual training and to give each its appropriate place in an
educational curriculum.
I would recommend that the annual appropriation of $25,000 for
the encouragement of manual training be continued until more dis-
tricts of the State have had an opportunity to share in the provisions
of the Manual Training act.
EVENING SCHOOLS.
Below will be found an exhibit of the number of cities and towns
•which maintained evening schools during the year 1894-95, the num-
ber of evenings the schools were kept open, the whole number of
pupils enrolled, their average attendance, the number of teachers
employed, the average salary per week paid teachers, and the total
expenditures for evening schools :
96
SCHOOL REPORT.
a
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95
355
56
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$3,738 50
246 50
Glassboro township (Gloucester county)
75
89
50
2
10 00
300 00
60
73
74
70
63
64
87
250
500
2,550
234
251
120
74
180
203
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154
112
75
28
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11
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9
7
3
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7 62
7 84
7 50
4 00
14 87
10 00
500 00
1,800 00
6,550 00
1,385 00
Millviile
399 24
773 95
174 00
169
26
125
50
70
60
75
48
60
3,738
110
428
2,710
114
70
568
140
48
2,470
80
177
1,050
104
53
340
83
37
85
3
5
42
4
2
17
3
2
12 00
6 00
9 25
8 75
6 87
12 50
906
10 59
12 50
26,462 72
174 00
1,521 02
4,000 00
393 92
250 00
3,153 21
Union Hill
638 81
330 00
Total
1,381
13,239
6,538
284
$9 08
$52,791 87
According to the foregoing table evening schools were maintained
in nineteen different localities during this year. All the places that
maintained evening schools during 1893-94, with the exception of
Orange, continued during the year 1894-95; while evening schools
were opened for the first time in Raritan, Clayton, Glassboro and
Monroe township.
In Newark the schools were kept open the greatest number of
evenings, to wit, 169; in Passaic the schools were kept open 125-
evenings ; in Monroe township, 87 ; in Glassboro and Trenton, 75 ;.
in Jersey City, 74. New Brunswick maintained evening schools for
twenty-six days only, hardly enough to pay for opening them.
In respect to enrollment Newark takes the lead, as formerly, regis-
tering 3,738, a decrease of 499 from the year preceding. Paterson
comes next, having registered 2,710 evening school pupils; Jersey
City comes third with 2,550 pupils, a loss of 254 as compared with
the year before.
The total registration was 13,239, with an average attendance of
6,533. The whole number of teachers was 284, an increase of 42.
The highest weekly salary paid to evening school teachers was $14 87,
in Montclair. Salem and Woodbury paid the next highest weekly
salary, $12.50. Millviile paid the lowest weekly salary, namely,.
$4. The highest amount expended for evening schools was by>
Newark, to wit, $26,462.72 ; the lowest by New Brunswick, $174.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. dT
LEKGTH OF SCHOOL YEAK.
The law requires that all schools shall be kept open not less than
nine months each year in order to share in the distribution of public
money. This, I believe, is the highest requirement made by any
State in the Union. By reference to Table I., it will be seen
that only one county, namely. Ocean county, fell below the legal
requirement, while seventeen of the twenty- one counties considerably
exceeded it. Ocean county is one of the smallest and most sparsely
populated counties in the State, and to this is due its failure to keep
the schools open the required time. The deficiency in this instance
of ten days only is due to the early closing of a few schools in which
the number of pupils had fallen so low as to make further con^-
tinuance of the fame impracticable.
The highest county average is shown by Hudson county, namely^
ten months and four days. Bergen ranks next, with an average of
ten months and two days. Essex and Somerset counties show an
average of exactly ten months.
Similar data showing the duration of school year in the several
cities and villages will be found in Table V. From this table it
appears that Camden, Millville and West Hoboken erjoy the dis-
tinction of having kept their schools open the greatest number of
days during the year of this report, ramely, 10 months and 14 days ;
next in order comes Hoboken, with 10 months and 10 days; Union
Hill kept its schools open 10 months and 6 days ; Burlington,
Englewood and Harrison, 10 months and 4 days ; Jersey City and
Salem, 10 months and 2 days. In all, twenty-nine cities and villages
kept their schools open exactly ten months, while no city nor villagej .
with the exception of Princeton, fell below the legal requirement.
In the case of Princeton the failure was due to the breaking cut of a
contagious disease, which compelled the closing of schools lor several
weeks.
It would appear from a comparison with previous reports that the
length of school year had about reached its maximum, ten months or
200 days being quite as long as children should be kept in schooL
under the conditions of climate and living generally prevailing in
our country. To begin the school year much before the middle of
September, especially in cities, is impracticable, on account of the
absence of many pupils who do not return till about that time ; also, .
on account of the heated term, which of late years has characterized
the early part of that month.
So, also, to keep the schools open after the middle of June seems
to be undesirable for several reasons. Between the middle of Sep-
tember and the middle of June it is not possible, after making due
allowance for holidays and a brief vacation at Christmas, to, include;
'98
SCHOOL REPORT.
more than 200 days in which school can be kept open. This does
not give us as long a school year as in some European countries ;
but, doubtless, long enough, when we take into consideration the
more intense character of our manner of living as well as of school
instruction. In my opinion it would be better for those cities and
villages whose school year exceeds 200 days to reduce the number
4^han for those under the 200 days' limit to extend their school year.
EXPERIENCE OF TEACHERS.
In the following table is given a classified statement by counties of
the number of teachers in the State whose experience was one year or
less, one to five years, five to ten years, &c. ; also, the average term
of service and the longest term of service of any one teacher :
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55
100
27
72
268
45
234
56
60
69
100
66
36
150
45
39
53
67
64
29
45
54
87
13
43
205
18
203
28
44
49
65
46
18
82
20
27
20
62
36
17
i9
28
35
4
27
135
19
142
17
36
22
39
32
7
48
11
17
7
41
18
4
17
12
35
3
11
74
5
83
14
21
18
26
12
9
22
7
11
12
26
16
4
10
10
19
1
12
55
5
69
7
30
8
11
7
1
18
6
3
7
15
5
1
6
19
17
1
7
68
7
59
8
19
14
9
6
5
7
9
10
6
8
9
8
9
8
12
9
8
8
6
6
7
7
7
9
7
9 30
7 38
6
7
3
8
5
2
6
4
44
4?
30
34
47
47
53
30
39
5
1
9
43
4?
57
?3
Passaic
17
1
3
3
17
2
5
3
6
3
48
31
43
41
XJuion
9 ' 44
Warren „
5 36
Total
681
1,750
1,195
730
438
303
284
8
3
The whole number of teachers employed during the year 1894-95,
as shown by the foregoing table was 5,384. Of this number 684, or
13 per cent., had taught lees than one year; 1,750, or 32 per cent.,
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 99
^'between 1 and 5 years; 1,195, or 22 per cent., between 5 and 10
years; 730, or 14 per ceat., between 10 stnd 15 years; 438, or 8 per
cent., between 15 and and 20 years; 303, or 6 per cent., between 20
and 25 years; 284, or 5 per cent., over 25 years. The average for
the entire State was 8 years and 3 months.
The highest average is shown by Mercer county, 12 years; the
next highest by Camden county, 10 years and 7 months. Atlantic
county shows the lowest average experience, 5 years and 9 months.
Essex county shows the largest number of teachers whose experienc 3
exceeds 25 years, namely, 68.
As remarkable cases of long continued service, it is to be noted
that Morris county reports one teacher whose experience is 57 years ;
Hudson county, one whose experience is 53 years ; Passaic, one whose
experience is 48 years, and Essex, one whose experience is 47 years.
Comparing this table with the one that follows, it will be seen that
the larger proportion of inexperienced teachers are engaged in the
rural schools.
Below will be found a table giving similar data concerning experi-
-ence of teachers engaged in the schools of cities and villages :
100
SCHOOL REPORT.
a
£1
Z.2
a
>
a
■o
a
S3
<U
a
o
a
a>
o
o
li
a
ii
-a
a
05
«
a
0)
li
3
«
a
si
a
»
a
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a3
(I
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a|
5
a
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a
p
lis
•^ 0)
■0
a
a
IS
=^>%
11
ed
03
>
>.
a
>
0
1
AVERAGE
TIME.
u
V
•s.
c3
CITIES AND VILLAGES.
2
S3
a
0
ID
0)
a
^£:
0^ 0«'
a c.
5.a
Asbury Park (Neptune twp.)
Atlantic City
5
4
21
18
20
29
1
12
1
14
3
56
2
6
24
4
26
6
5
7
12
4
8
6
41
109
8
3
9
15
17
1
9
5
10
3
59
2
8
20
1
26
2
1
6
9
7
2
5
3
6
4
25
2
4
6
3
3
4
3
4
1
1
1
26
1
1
2
6
8
7
7
8
13
11
14
10
8
9
7
3
11
9
7
15
9
11
5
9
11
11
6
9
17
8
6
9
6
10
9
11
12
9
11
9
6
8
9
10
10
17
10
5
7
6
10
9
9
12
12
9
9
9
8
12
5
20
2
4
?5-
5
7
4
3
10
3
10
2
3
8
43
19-
Bloomfield
4
4
?.">
2
5
4
12
3?
Bridgeton
1
6
1
14
34
31
*18
1
2
8
1
4
1
3
4?
17
2"
1
2
?6
East Orange
4 30
7 9
Elizabeth
12
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
3
17
51
9
2"
1
2
2
10
7
9
3
3
9
2
7
2
2
3
7
3
1
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
3
4
44
?3
?5
3
2
41^
Hackensack (New Barbadoes
8
3
3
2
30
]14
9
5
1
17
3
8
14
4
5
115
14
1
6
15
10
65
7
12
11
]
2
1
2
5
3
2
2
37
14
12
5
4
8
3
4
2
3
3
27
86
4
2
5
5
1
12
7
7
6
97
IC
1
6
8
5
39
3
10
6
2
7
3
1
4
3
2
2
29
6
3
3"
3
3
R«'
9?
14
2
10
45
7
1
9
39
1
30'
19
42
38
53
31
2
3
5
19'
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
40
5
2
1
5
2
15
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
55
10
SO
1
2
6
5
2
1
21
6
2
1
4
14
25
4
2
3
1
2
6
2
3
5
14
2
9
35
4
3
139
11
4
1
17
21
106
7
8
•?
10
6
1
5
5
9
5
38
11
13
7
3
14
6
?6
n
Alillville
7
2
5
?7
35
33
Mount Holly (Northampton twp.)
28
56
5
2
1
9
3
18
2
4
10
2
1
47
New Brunswick
37
95
North Plainfield
1
4
1
14
2
1
3
2
2
7 30
7
1
1
9
2
2
7
4
7
4
8
4
5
4
2
9
7
38
?6
48
Perth Amboy
43
2R
29-
34
35
9.?.
1
1
6
1
2
14
19-
Rutherford
16
2
1
1
1
81
43
19-
15
1
8
1
1
8
17
2
14
3
39
30
Vineland (Landis township)
1
?n
2"
2
2
10
Westfield
7
2
5
26
4
3
1
1
32
89<
Total
289
956
771
522
306
225
226
9
8
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
101
From the above it will be seen that 289 teachers, or 9 per cent.,
tad taught 1 year or less ; 956, or 29 per cent., between 1 and 5
years; 771, or 22 per cent., between 5 and 10 years; 522, or 16 per
oent., between 10 and 15 years; 306, or 10 per cent., between 15 and
20 years ; 225, or 7 per cent, between 20 and 25 years ; 226, or 7
per cent., 25 years and upwards. The average term of experience
for all the cities and villages was 9 years and 8 months. Compared
with last year this average shows an increase of 3 months only. The
constant influx of new teachers keeps down the general average to
about the figure above given.
The general average as shown by the table for counties, including
cities and villages, was 8 years and 3 months. It is evident, there-
fore, that the experience of teachers in cities and villages is fully two
years above that of teachers in purely rural districts.
Newark shows the largest number of teachers whose experience
exceeds 25 years, namely, 55 ; Jersey City comes next with 39 ; Pat-
erson and Trenton show 14 each ; Camden shows 12; Elizabeth and
New Brunswick show 10 each.
In the following table is given a list of eight of the largest cities
in the State for the purpose ot showing the annual rate of increase
or decrease in average experience of teachers :
AVERAGE TERM OF EXPERIENCE.
1892
-93.
1893-94.
1891-95.
Years.
Months.
Years
1
Months.
Years.
Months.
n
IC
8
10
11
11
H
9
8
13
5
5
4
1
5
1 !
3 !
11
11
9
10
11
11
11
10
8
12
2
3
1
1
3
8
7
4
7
1
11
11
8
10
12
11
11
9
7
12
8
3
Paterson
1
2
Treaton
2
Hoboken
2
Elizabeth
7
Orange
7
Bayoune
i
4
3
It might be supposed, in the absence of figures, that the average
experience of teachers in cities where there is a reasonably permanent
tenure would increase from year to year by a small ratio. An
inspection of the foregoing figures will show how variable and
uncertain is any such deduction.
That the average experience of teachers under present conditions
increases in any such uniform manner as does the average age of the
policy holders of an insurance company is clearly impossible. These
facts have a bearing upon the question of pensioning teachers and
(the probable cost of such a system.
102
SCHOOL REPORT.
TERM OF SERVICE OF TEACHERS.
In the following table is given interesting information relative to
the term of service of teachers in the schools of the State :
^§
g
d
a
-3
•d
AVKEAGE o
•a
•a
td
d
03
d
TIME. -g
a
d
>>
■io
«
=3
a
D
d
>
o
^•i
S)
03
*e
^8
d
o
d
S
>.
! >>
COUNTIES.
> o
d
d
d
S
S
IS
.2
1
^
^
>
o
1|
uS3
tH
fc,(»»
'■'?
u
•
a>
0) t^
5^
a>
■^ a'^
•° »;
^ «;
X!-&
,Q
5 iSaj
as
is
II
IS
IB
11
n
a
Atlantic
52
78
61
96
69
17
32
29
2
8
15
2
5
5
3
3
5
2 16
1
6
3
7 27
Burlington
34
lOi
2S
123
31
70
2
13
1
13
1
8
4
6
2
9 40
Cape May
Cumberland
9 19
57
155
91
33S
30
178
10
107
7
39
3
29
3
24
5
6
6 34
Essex
1 41
54
135
67
61
51
93
89
38
87
42
30 1
63
109
87
122
91
43
177
12
198
12
29
32
39
14
9
76
12
116
4
20
20
. 21
5
1
28
1
65
3
19
6
11
3
■■"ii
3
24
1
3
9
4
S
8
6
4
4
2
4
29
48
2 44
Hunterdon
6 30
4
4
1
1
1 34
5 37
3 24
Morris
1
5 27
7 15
Passaic ^
5
6
4 34
Salem
48
44
53
46
66
51
51
58
97
60
12
16
6
57
22
4
4
4
20
12
2
1
3
10
6
3
3
3
5
4
8 20
Somerset
1
1
6 23
! 19
6
1
7
8 29-
Warren
1 21
Total
1,480
2,164
S92
427
213
118
90
4
„
Of the 5,384 teachers reported above, 1,480, or 27 per cent., had
taught in the same school 1 year or less; 2,164, or 40 per cent.,
had taught between 1 and 5 years; 892, or 17 per cent., had taught
between 5 and 10 years; 427, or 8 pu' cent., had taught between 10
and 15 years; 213, or 4 per cent., had taught between 15 and 20
years; 118, or 2 per cent., between 20 and 25 years; 90, or 1 67 per
cent., had taught over 25 years. The average term of service is
shown by the table to be 4 years and 7 months, a gain of 1 month
only over the average term reported last year. Attention is called to
the fact that 1,480, or nearly 28 per cent, of the whole number, had
taught for only 1 year, or less, in the schools from which reported..
This shifting about of teachers is one of the unfortunate features of
our rural schools. To be sure, a certain amount of shifting about is
REPORT OF SUPERINrENDENT. 103
necessary before a teacher finds the place for which he is particularly
adapted ; but the figures above indicate too much of this itinerancy
for the good of the schools.
Djubtlees the question of salary has something to do with these
frequent changes. A teacher receiving only $30 per month in a
rural school cannot be expected to resist the temptation of $40 per
month to go to a village school. With an increase of salaries in rural
schools changes of teachers will become less frequent.
Below will be found a table containing similar data in respect to
the term of service of teachers in the cities and villages :
104
SCHOOL REPORT.
— a>
§§
■° o
> o
0 S
■3 ^
^o
5.5 S
a>
>
a
o
a
a>
a
0)
ID
a
§
>
«
C
v
a>
£:
c
a>
ta
-d
a
a
a
d
0)
1
a?
■d
a
B
a
^ CO
0)
u >•
5^
a B
is
^5
■a
5
>.
s
o
11
(33
4)
>.
>
>•
u
aj
>■
O
o
s
3
AVERAGE
TIME.
1
"CITIES AND VILLAGES.
1
13
0
o
>.
g
><
.a
4)
a
5.2
.Asbury Park (Neptune township)..
8
12
24
22
25
31
2
15
3
18
3
75
4
15
32
4
43
5
2
6
18
5
8
10
55
146
8
7
4
12
18
1
7
3
6
4
56
1
1
8
1
23
4
6
2
5
3
5
4
2
2
11
1
1
2
4
1
2
5
4
5
9
6
10
7
12
6
9
2
3
3
7
4
5
12
4
7
2
5
10
7
4
4
14
5
2
6
6
6
9
8
11
4
6
6
5
5
4
9
6
14
5
2
4
4
5
5
4
6
4
3
3
7
8
1
7
6
8
6
3
7
4
5
5
9
1
?n
16
Bayonne
4
1
29
19
9
1
9
2
50
1
6
23
1
8
2
7
1
6
?1
1
2
1
2
31
3
3
4
5
34
?a
Camden
n
1
39
17
9
1
30
Egg Harbor City
6
Elizabeth
6
7
5
5
8
29
Englewood
Freehold
10
2
1
1
1
5
?4
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
2
40
Hackensack (New Barbadoes twp)
1
3
9
6
2
2
1
9
2
8
6
3
3
3
8
4
3
4
8
6
3
2
7
i
6
9
4
1
2
1
3
4
9
7
3
?4
17
5
3
11
69
11
6
2
20
77
1
2
3
6
e"
1
3
2
89
8
1
4
6
5
22
4
9
3
2
6
1
16
10
1
23
17
n
24
122
9
1
4
11
1
9
10
5
7
126
13
4
15
2S
Jersey City
44
14
2
4
2
""T
1
3
I
31
5
1
19
1
1
30
6
4
8
14
6
2
56
6
2
2
7
18
58
7
4
8
1
6
9
2
5
9
4
3
27
3
10
6
7
7
5
20
5
18
38
7
5
173
16
8
8
29
20
123
11
12
25
2
8
7
3
7
7
7
3
76
14
17
4
4
12
7
19
T"
1
1
1
19
9
6
Millville
?7
35
Morristown..
26
Mount Holly (Northampton twp).
1
29
4
27
41
87
17
North Plainfield
2
14
8
62
4
8
11
1
6
1
23
3
2
9
3
1
5
35
Passaic
2
3
26
Paterson ,
34
15
3
2
3
3
1
1
?5
Plainfield
1
1
26
32
15
Red Bank
1
1
16
1
5
6
3
2
25
13
7
3
1
11
1
16
Rutherford
i
2
1
3
17
4
3
14
1
1
20
•Somerville
20
11
14
3
1
2
2
34
Union Hill
29
14
7
Westfield
1
1
2
9
6
4
?6
West Hoboken
4
8
4
1
26
38
■ 1 ■
Total
581
1,258
692
373
189
116
86
6
5
KEPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 105
Of the 5,384 teachers in the State, 3,295, or 61 per cent., were
-engaged in city and village schools; while 2,089, or 39 per cent.,
were engaged in rural schools. Of the 3,295 teachers, 581, or 18
per cent., had taught in the same school 1 year or less; 1,258, or
38 per cent., had taught between 1 and 5 years ; 692, or 20 per
cent., had taught between 5 and 10 years ; 373, or 11 per cent., bad
taught between 10 and 15 years; 189, or 6 per cent, had taught
between 15 and 20 years; and 116, or 4 per cent., had taught 20
and 25 years; and 86, or 3 per cent., had taught 25 years and
upwards in the same school.
The average term of service in all the cities and villages was six
years and five months, a loss of two months, as compared with the
average term of service reported for the year preceding. In this last
column is shown the longest term of service of any one teacher in
the several cities and villages.
Jersey City, it appears, still retains her veteran principal, Mr.
<jeorge H. Lindsley, who has rounded out an honorable term of
forty- four years in the same school. So, also, Newark retains the
valuable services of Mr. Augustus Scarlett, who has completed a
•term of forty-one years, with honor to himself and credit to the pro-
fession ; and Gloucester City has still upon her honor roll the name
■of P. H. Redfield, who has completed a term of 40 years. Following
closely these three veterans in length of service, is Mr. William
Milligan, of Woodbury, who has taught in the same school thirty-
eight years. These four able and worthy principals have done the
State of New Jersey a service that will endure as long as her schools
endure. That they may be spared for many years to come is the hope
of all their younger co laborers.
NORMAL SCHOOL.
The past year has shown remarkable progress in the State Normal
School at Trenton. Under the careful and judicious management of
its Principal, Dr. James M. Green, the school is fast gaining a repu-
tation for thoroughness and efficiency second to none in the country.
The number of pupils enrolled during the year was 537; the
average attendance There were graduated in June, 1895, at
the completion of a full three- years' course of study, 134 pupils.
The whole number of teachers employed in the State for the year
1894-95 was 5,384. Of this number, 860 were reported as graduates
of normal schools and 847 as graduates of city training schools.
The percentage, therefore, of normal- trained teachers (including city
trained), compared with the whole number, was but 32.
Year by year the percentage of normal- trained teachers is grad-
ually increasing ; but at the present rate of increase it will be several
106 SCHOOL REPORT.
generations hence before even the majority of teachers are profession-
ally trained. The State Normal School at Trenton is already over-
crowded, and additional accommodations are annually called for. I
see no good reason why the State should not at once proceed to
establish at least two or more normal schools — one in the southern
and one or more in the northern end of the State. No one doubts
the enormous benefits that have accrued to the educational interests
of the State through the State Normal School at Trenton.
If one normal school is a good thing, why not have others ; and
that, too, in parts of the State which stand greatly in need of such
an institution ? Essex, Hudson and Passaic counties, in the upper
end of the State, are centers of population even greater than Mercer,
and stand as much in need of a good normal school. So Camden
county, in the lower part of the State, stands in need of a normal
school. In order to obtain a supply of teachers, training schools are
being maintained at local expense by the cities of Newark, Jersey
City, Paterson, Hoboken, Camden and some others. Why should
not these cities be as favorably considered in matters of education as
the city of Trenton ?
But above all local considerations is that of the interests of the
State at large, which would be greatly benefited by the establishment
of more normal schools. New York has eight and is building
several more; Massachusetts has six and is building four more;
Connecticut has two ; Pennsylvania ha? fourteen. With so much
interest in the development of normal schools all about up, it is
hardly to be expected that the people of New Jersey will long con-
sent to remain inactive. In fact, we cannot hope long to retain our
prestige as a foremost State in educational matters, having one, and
only one, State Normal School, good though it may be.
For details in respect to the State Normal School at Trenton, see
report of its Principal, Dr. Green, in the appendix.
STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.
I wish again to call attention to the admirable facilities furnished
by the State College to the young me a of the State who are seeking a
higher or collegiate education.
No State system is indeed complete that does not begin with the
kindergarten and end with the university. France and Germany,
the two nations of Europe whose educational supremacy is acknowl-
edged, have constructed their State school systems upon this theory.
The elementary schools are the foundation ; the higher institutions
complete the superstructure. In the evolution of society and its
institutions, universities appeared centuries before elementary educa-
tion of the masses was ever considered or attempted ; in fact, popular
education of the masses is only a recent experiment. We pride our-
EEPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 107
selves that the experiment of free popular education was first success-
fully wrought out in this country and by ourselves. But the birth
of the idea can be traced to the university, which is the parent of
popular education. Educational movements have never begun at
the bottom and worked upwards ; on the contrary, all educational
progress has received its impulse, direction and momentum from the
higher institutions, the colleges and universities. Adams, Jefferson
and Madison, whose writings and public acts gave a great impulse to
the idea that an educated people was the safeguard of the Republic,
were all college-educated men. Washington urged upon Congress the
establishment of a great national university. If we may judge by
his correspoadence, there was hardly an official act of his long and
honored life in which he felt more deeply concerned than in founding
a national university.
In recent years most of the Western States have established uni-
versities to crown and complete their educational systems. That the
State is justified in its support of higher institutions of learning has
received universal sanction. Considering their relative cost, it is even
probable that universities contribute more towards the wealth, pros-
perity and happiness of the State than even the common schools
themselves, albeit the latter schools are absolutely necessary for the
preservation of the State and the wealth and prosperity of all the
people.
A complete educational system includes the common school, the
high school and the college. No one of the several institutions can
be omitted without weakening the rest. Each supplements the
other. The college gives direction to the elementary school ; the
latter gives its support to the college.
I should regret to see the relations now existing between the State
School system and the State Agricultural College severed or in any
way weakened. I believe the iLfluence exerted through the annual
examinations for admission to the free scholarships productive of
great good to the schools of the State. Still, however, the college is
entitled to receive the tuition moneys appropriated by the State, and
should not be expected year after year to maintain these scholarships
at its own expense while the State is in default.
For further particulars concerning this State institution, I refer to
the report of its President, Dr. Austin Scott, to be found in the-
appendix.
In the following table is shown the number of sectarian and un-
sectarian private schools having a registration of twenty- five pupila^
or more during the yeair 1894-95 :
108
SCHOOL REPORT.
•r- >>
S£
P-S
g«
^S'
•r >.
cS C
^a
BSP .
SB
COUNTIES.
o > 5-
5b£ •
0 = 9
oc fc
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t. c
<x> ^ tr
o m
- cj >
111
^ >«
^sS.
Atlantic „
4
7
8
5
Bergen
Camden
7
Cape May
1
Cumberland
10
29
2
10
2
Essex
33
Gloucester
2
Hudson
19
Hunterdon
1
Mercer
8
9
5
11
3
8
10
Middlesex
8
Monmoutli
3
Morris
6
Ocean
Passaic
10
Salem
2
Somerset
2
2
7
3
2
Sussex
1
Union
17
Warren
5
Total
135
148
It will be seen by the foregoing that the largest number of such
schools is to be found in Essex county, to wit, 62 in all. Hudson
county shows the next highest number, namely, 29 in all. Mercer
and Passaic counties show each 20 schools of this class. Cape May
and Hunterdon counties 1 each, and Salem county only 2.
I have no reliable data in respect to the attendance upon these 283
private schools; 148 are sectarian schools, which, as a rule, are not
pay schools, and are consequently largely attended.
The State has no supervision whatever over the work done in
these private schools. So long as there are people who prefer for
their children private and exclusive tuition to that given in the public
schools, and so long as there are those who insist that religious and
intellectual training should be given at the same time and by the
same teacherp, so long will private and sectarian schools continue to
fl jurish. There should be no antagonism between the public and
private schools. Each has its own mission to fulfill ; each acts and
reacts upon the other to the benefit of its courses of study, methods of
instruction and general school regime. I should be glad if I had the
necessary data to report more fully upon the educational work done
in the State by the schools maintained at private expense.
STATISTICAL TABLES
ACCOilPANYIXG THE
STATE SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT.
(109)
110
SCHOOL REPORT.
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C-JOS— «C-ll/3F-ICOOOCOOCOOOOOCOGCt^^^CO'^QC^O^r^^O
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Snp[B} JOJ papnadxa innocay
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REPORT OF superintended;!.
115
oc^
x—i ■no "
c~o»oo
—•moo
>t-(MMi5ociO(NoeO'VT)c«ioeo
r* eo t^ ;o -^ t» i5 og »c to t^ -^ »o to «o o> cc c
r-'ac" O i-T T«<"^" i-TiCt-I'^ «Of
occ
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,400i^-^cC'^'^'*<--i^cr>-t-*wcO"^^-^tD«OQOOt^o^^c^oovnoso— 'r*
■*/:)iOC^co^r^o^o^J5'T;D'^oo*r5 — c^oDr^i-Hooot-*cocoooo*coiO(N4n^oo
■(i^aOCC»a>Cit>^^WOO^HT5H^'^CC05DaiO«?_CC-<9"'^I^(00'^CCC^iOOOO
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d Oi V 0^(0 O TJ* 00 OO ITS CO ^H lO :j iC^r- 00 ^co ;o in o^ 00 1* *-t"^^^
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116
SCHOOL REPORT.
pq
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-3J 'Sauiq "Sni'sBqojnd 'Snipnnq
joj pa^bi xBi loujsip JO ^anotav
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-ins niojj panoiwoddB lanorav
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'5681 '3SI X^nf saDinos
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■S68T 'isx jCinf XBj piJjsip aDUBiBg
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JOJ pa^oA XBUOWsjp jojanorav ^^«=S^'»§^=»g"<Ot;,e,
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ic?iaic^coc^«0i-*coco5CTp oc
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
117
■i63I '^lOS snnf Sntpua ivsi
looqosioj 3[q«ttBAT{ janoioiu iBjox
JO CJ 00 I— C^OO t^ (M t^ <-l
laoKO-^t^cieocici.
5e<5(MeC05«OOMtOQifliOOt^C»
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to ineooo -^ ^' c^"
'Sdojnos
a3q?o inoj} pa.viaoaj aanoniv
•s90inos laqio pnB SaiuiBH
IBnuBiu raojj paAiaoaj innoaiv
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9^83 raoi; P3AI33DI ^nnoinv
-oJcaai tnojj paAiaoai innooav
cc;
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118
SCHOOL REPORT.
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•pa.Coid
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•apBjS looqos qSiq
u{ panojua siidnd jo jaqran'M
•apBJtS JBraniBjS
ni paiiojna sjidnd jo aaqnin^
•OPBJS iSjBUIUd
ni panoiua sndnd jo aaqrahii
•inauiiioina \v\o'x no
aonBpuowB ^TiBp JO aSBjuaojoj
aDOBpnaMB ^irep aSBjaAv
"noj no jaqrann 9Sbi8av
uaqoBS}
qDB3 aoj Xbp aad ssanipiBj
JO 83SB0 JO jaquiua aSeiaAv
i-(«oi«co5Joo<»or-nr4>-ivt>om05r^i»corH
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-ipiBi JO sasBo JO jeqraha ibjox §SIS5S?SS?mSS?5S^2S5§522S2
*jBa^ aqi Smjnp ^piBj jou
juasqB aaq^taa sii<ind jo aaqrariij
*jBaj£ aqi Snfinp
jnasqB SilBp jo jaqranu ibjox
■jBa^ aqi Snunp
jaasaad siBp jo jaqrann ibjox
•jBaX aqj
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aSB JO sjBai 05 P^b g uaaAvi
-aq naipnqo Jo .laqrann wox
•jBa^t aqi Snunp siooqos
aqi at paiiojua aSB jo sjBaX os
pnB s uaaAnaq siJ{S jo aaqinn^i
•jBa^ aqi Snunp siooqos
aqj ni paxiojna a3B josjBajC os
puB q uaaMjaq s^oq jo jaqrariij
■nado ida^i aiaAv
RTOoqo? aqi sqinom jo jaqtnntj
cooocoooioc^uso— 'o>«ooeoit-'^tcipo200»JO
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REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
119
. ^ . „ -jtD' —
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> to Tj< lo to ■* ■«i<
iQioooaaco-^tceoOi-(-i*
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mnora jad .^ibibs aSBjaAy
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seo^OPJ — inocnoM'fl'tooutiOtH
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2OOt0-<I'Qt0 00OOO00
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oiocor-figiotpt^SjiooTt*
-qoBaj aj'Btnaj jo jaqoin^
r^'^^tOtOO — ■^C^t^OitCrf'^rOO'H
CClOOO CCi-HTf^^O r-t lO OSi-llHr-*
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siaqOBaj aiBin jo J9qran>j
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i-Hi-l i-li-ii-l CM i-l i-H iH
•apBjS jBtamBjS ni
panojna sndnd jo aaqnin^
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paUOJaa sjidnd jo jaqninij
coiotOi-H»— loooc'i-itoooai'^iooico
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120
SCHOOL REPORT.
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REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
121
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122
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126
SCHOOL REPORT.
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REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
127
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SCHOOL REPORT.
SUMMARY.
COUNTIES.
Atlantic
Bergen
Burlington ..
Camden
Cape May....
Cumberland
Essex
Gloucester...
Hudson
Hunterdon..
Mercer
Middlesex...
Monmouth ..
Morris
Ocean
Passaic
Salem
Somerset
Sussex ,
Union ;
Wairen
Total ..
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$59,890 00
282,770 00
64,712 40
236,950 00
15,400 00
57,050 00
367,450 00
45,360 00
568,900 00
435 O'l
147,224 91
29,400 00
185,581 65
30,000 00
41,950 00
97,800 CO
14,450 00
32,500 00
24,580 00
210,215 00
40,100 00
$2,552,718 95
^00
$665 36
7,915 00
3,120 89
10,400 00
1,200 00
20,000 00
%,500 00
24,900 00
18,000 00
14,000 00
98,000 00
15,000 00
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$6,970 00
15,945 00
5,459 26
8,650 00
1,952 50
5,950 00
47,725 00
2,960 00
28,900 00
435 00
11,381 25
3,375 00
8,395 00
5,000 00
5,650 00
10,643 05
2,200 00
3,000 00
2,000 00
5,865 00
6,150 00
$188,506 06
$53,585 3&
274,740 00
62,374 03-
238,7C0 00
14,647 50
71,100 00-
416,225 00
42,400 oa
564,900 00
153,843 65
40,025 00
275,186 65
25,000 00
36,800 00"
102,256 95
12,250 00
40,500 00
22,580 00
204,350 00
33,950 00>
$2,684,914 14
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
129
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130 SCHOOL REPORT.
TABLE VIIL
Payments to School Libraries.
ATLANTIC COUNTY.
Atlantic City — Pennsylvania Avenue, Indiana Avenue, New Jersey Avenue and
Texas Avenue Schools.
Absecon — School No. 1.
Egg Harbor township— Schools Nos. 1, 2 and 5.
Galloway township — School No. 3.
Hamilton township— School No. 1.
Mullica township- School No. 1.
Pleasantville borough — Schools Nos. 2 and 3.
BEROEN COUNTY.
'Carlstadt borough — School No. 1.
Clifiside Park borough — School No. 1.
Delford borough— School No. 1.
East Rutherford borough— School No. 1.
Eastwood borough — School No. 1.
Englewood township — Schools Nos. 1 and 2.
Franklin township - Schools Nos. 1 and 5.
Harrington township -Schools Nos. 3, 4, 6 and 7.
Hasbrouck Heights borough — School No. 1.
Hohokus township -Schools Nos. 1 and 2.
Leonia borough— Si'hool No. 1.
Little Ferry borough — School No. 1.
Lodi borough — School No. 1.
Midland Park borough — School No. 1.
New Barbadoes township — Schools Nos. 2 and 3.
Old Tap pan borough— School No. 1.
Orvil township -School No. 2.
Park Ridge borough -School No. 1.
Ridgetield township — Schools Nos. 1 and 2.
Riverside borough— School No. 1.
Rutherford borough — Schools Nos. 1, 2 and 3.
Saddle River township — School No. 2.
Tenafly borough- Sctionl No. 1.
Wallington borough— School No. 1.
Washington township -School No. 1.
\Ve>twood borough — School No. 1.
Wcodridge borough — School No. J.
BURLINGTON COUNTY.
Burlington township — School No. 4.
Chester townshiji — Schools Nos. 3, 4 and 5.
Cinnaminson township — Schools Nos. 1 and 2.
Peniberton township — Schools Nos. 1 and 3.
Riverton borough — School No 1.
Willingboro township — School No. 2.
KEPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 131
CAMDEN COUNTY.
Camden city — Bergen, Broadway, Central, Cooper, Evered, Ferry Avenue, Fetters,
Oenge, Kaighn, Liberty, Linden, Lincoln, Mickle, Mt. Vernon, Mulford, North-
east, Reed, Starr and Stevens Schools.
Chesilhurst borough — School No. 1.
Delaware township — School No. 1.
Gloucester township— Schools Nos. 6 and 10.
Haddon township— School No. 1.
CAPE MAY COUNTY.
Cape May city — Schools Nos. 1, 2 and 3.
Dennis township — Schools Nos. 6, 7 and 10.
Middle township — School No. 4.
Sea Isle City— School No. 1.
CUMBERLAND COUNTY.
Hopewell township — School No. 4.
Landis township -Schools Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 16.
Millville city- Schools Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
"Stow Creek township— School No. 2.
ESSEX COUNTY.
Bloomfield township— Schools Nos. ], 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Caldwell borough — School No. 1.
Caldwell township — School No. 3.
Clinton township — Schools Nos. 1 and 2.
East Orange — Schools Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
Franklin township — Schools Nos. 1, 2 and 3.
Irvington— School No. 1.
Newark — Central Avenue, Hamburg Place, Livingston Avenue, Miller Street,
Newton Street, Oliver Street, Eighteenth Avenue, South Street, South Eighth Street,
South Tenth Street and Summer Avenue Schools.
Orange — Schools Nos. 1, 3, 4 and 5.
Vailbburgh borough — School No. 1.
Verona township— School No. 1.
West Orange township — Schools Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
GLOUCESTER COUNTY.
■Clayton township— Schools Nos. 1 and 2.
Franklin township— School No. 3.
Cireenwich township — School No. 1.
Mantua township— School No. 5.
Woodbury— Schools Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4.
HUDSON COUNTY.
Bayonne City — ?chool No. 1.
Jersey City— Schools Nos. 4, 11, 12, 14, 15, 22, 23 and 25.
Kearny township — Schools Nos. 2 and 4.
North Bergen township— Schools Nos. 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7.
Union township — School No. 2.
West Hoboken — Schools Nos. 1, 2 and 3.
132 SCHOOL REPORT.
HUNTERDON COUNTY.
Clinton township — School No. 1.
Frenchtown borough— School No. 1.
Holland township— School No. 1.
Lambertville city — School No. 1.
Lebanon township — School No. 11.
Karitan township — Schools Nos. 1 and 9.
Readington township — Schools Nos. 3, 6, 7 and 10.
Tewksbury township — Schools Nos. 2 and 3.
MEBCER COUNTY.
East Windsor township— Schools Nos. 1 and 4.
Ewing township — Schools Nos. 3, 4 and 5.
Hamilton township— Schools Nos. 1, 3 and 8.
Hopewell township — School No. 13.
Lawrence township— Schools Nos. 1 and 2.
Princeton borongh — Schools Nos 1 and 2.
Princeton township— Schools Nos. 1 and 3.
Trenton city-Schools Nos. ], 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 18, 20 and 21.
MIDDLESEX COUNTY.
East Brunswick township — Schools Nos. 3, 4, 5 and 6.
New Brunswick city — Bayard Street, Carman Street, French Street, Guldin Street^
Hale Street, Livingston Avenue and Park Street Schools.
South Amboy borough — Schools Nos. 1 and 2.
South Brunswick township — Schools Nos. 8 and 12.
MONMOUTH COUNTY.
Atlantic Highlands borough— School No. 1.
Holmdel Township — School No. 2.
Howell township — School No. 4.
Keyport — School No. 1.
Long Branch — Schools Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 and High SchooL
Manasquan borough — School No. 1.
Middletown township— Schools Nos. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 11.
Neptune township — Schools Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.
Bed Bank— Schools Nos. 1, 2 and 3
Shrewsbury township — School No 3.
Wall township — School No 4.
MORRIS COUNTY.
Boonton city — Schools Nos. 1 and 2.
Dover — Schools Nos 1, 2 and 3.
Hanover township— School No. 9.
Madison borough— Schools No. 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Montville township — School No. 4.
Morris township — Schools Nos. 1 and 2.
Mt. Arlington borough— School No. 1.
Netcong bo-ough — School No. 1.
Pa«saic town'-liip — Schools Nos. 1, 3 and 4.
Pequannock township — School No. 1.
Rockaway township — Schools Nos. 1, 6 and 9.
Roxbury township — Schools Nos. 1 and 4.
REPORT OF SUPERINIEXDENr. 133
OCEAN COUNTY.
Eagleswood township — School No, 1.
Maachester township— School No. 1.
Stafford township — School No. 1.
PASSAIC COUNTY.
Acquackanonk township— Schools Nos. 2, 3, 5 an. I 6.
Manchester township — School No. 6.
Paterson city— Schools Nos. 2, 3, 6, 13, 15 and 18.
SALEM COUNTY.
Pilesgrove township —School No. 2.
Pittsgrove township — School No. 2.
Salem city — Schools Nos. 1, 2 and 3.
Upper Pittsgrove township — School No. 6.
Woodstown borough — Schools Nos. 1 and 2.
SOMERSET COUNTY.
•Bedminster township — Schools Nos. 3, 6 and 8.
Bernards township — Schools Nos. 1, 3, 4 and 6.
Bound Brook borough — School No. 1.
Branchburg township — School No. 1.
Bridgewater township — Schools Nos. 1 and 3.
Hillsborough township — Schools Nos. 1, 5, 6, 9 and 14.
Montgomery township— School No. 1.
North Plainfield borough — School No. 1.
■Somerville— Schools Nos 1, 2 and 3.
South Bound Brook — Schools Nos. 1 and 2.
SUSSEX COUNTY.
Montague township — School No. 3.
•Sparta township— School No. 5.
Wantage township — School No. 12.
UNION COUNTY.
Elizabeth — High School and Schools Nos 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7.
Fanwood — School No. 1
Linden— Schools Nos. 1 and 2.
New Providence — School No. 1.
Plainfield— Stillman, Irving, Franklin and Central Avenue Schools.
Union — North Roselle and Lyons Farms Schools.
Wastfield— Schools Nos. 1 and 2.
WARREN COUNTY.
Allamuchy township— Schools Nos. 3 and 4.
Belvidere — School No. 1.
Mansfield township —School No. 6.
Oxford township— School No. 1.
Washington borough — School No. 1.
134
SCHOOL REPORT.
TABLE IX.
STATE CERTIFICATES.
EXAMINATION.
Banks, Charles W. P.
Donahoe, M. J.
Gilhuly, Isaac H.
Kinsley, M. H.
Kintner, George.
First Grade.
North F. A.
Eiley, E. D.
Eosenkrans, Lester,
Smith, Grant.
Wilson, J. R.
Everitt, R. M.
Flint, M. F.
Gravatt, Mount D.
Meehan, Kate A.
Second Grade.
Morris, Richard.
Noe, Rachel.
Rose, William, Jr.
Vroom, Bernetta.
Asay, Julia A.
Barnes, G. E.
Tfiird Grade.
Cabell, Walter C.
De Groot, Floyd E.
Experience — First Grade.
Balcom, A. G.
Barlow, Caroline B.
Delaney, G. Edmund.
East burn, Mary B.
Fitch, Russell M.
Gorman, William C.
Love, John H.
Steeger, William H.
Story, Irving W.
Talbot, La Fayette.
Normal Life.
Brown, Frances S.
Bloomsbury, Eliza.
Drew, Ella.
Flynn, Minnie V.
Foster, Georgie W.
Goslee, Margaret Q.
Gulick, M Alice.
Kelley, Luella T.
Lee, Anna A.
Mattix, Mary R.
Mershon, Sarah N.
Morton, Manuella.
Osborne, Celia T.
Powell, Sara F.
Toland, Hannah.
Wells, Alida.
Wilkes, Nellie H.
Borden, Kate L.
Irvine, Frances.
Gordon, Adeline.
BENEWALS.
Second Grade.
Hurlbut, Florence A.
Myers, Rosabelle.
Stout, Charles L.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
135
Third Grade.
Alpaugh, Hattie E.
Baldwin, L. A.
Cummins, Elizabeth.
Green, Emily A.
Kiermeier, Anna B.
Martin, M. Arrilla.
McConnell, Louise.
Green, Ivy W.
Cull, G. T.
Green, Ivy W.
Special.
Provisional.
Mills, Clara T.
Mooreliouse, Carrie M.
Oglee, F. J.
Ridgeway, Laura H.
Southard, Roxie.
Stryker, Mabel F.
Toland, Dora.
Lindsley, Josie.
Kinsley, M. H.
INDORSEMENT OF DIPLOMAS OF OTHES STATES.
First Grade.
Wilson, Charles C.
Second Grade.
Ackerman, Jennie M.
Backes, Helen F.
BartholomeAV, Clara L.
Best, Florence G.
Blackwood, Louise B.
Brown, Eunice H.
Church, Katharine M.
Corbin, Maria L.
Decker, Walter J.
Eschbach, Dilworth.
Fiske, Cora E.
Hanmas, Warren F.
Holgopple, Frank F.
Jones, Willard E.
Kiveiin, Thomas R.
Lewis, Alice S.
MacMullen, Ame'.ia.
Place, Anna L.
Quinter, Mary N.
Kegao, Ella M.
Stearns, Cora M.
Stoughton, Margaret H.
Rider, Catharine M.
Van Nostrand, Nellie M.
Warde, Andrew D.
Williams, Carlotta.
136 SCHOOL REPORT.
TABLE X.
COUNTY CERTIFICATES.
Issued duriuK the j'ear 1891-95.
ATLANTIC COUNTY.
First Grade.
Boyle, Mattie A May 3d, 1895.
Conover, Albert E " " "
Eldredge, George " " '■
Spear, Mrs. H. K " " "
Steelman, Rose " " "
Second Grade.
Marsteller, H.T February 2d, 1895.
Montfort, Nettie M " " "
Williams, Ida M " " "
Zeikman, May " " "
Berrv, Mrs D B May 3d, 1895.
Bischoff, Minnie G '■ " "
Carhart, Lavinia " " "
Chambers, William '• " "
Collins, Maria T " " "
Marts, Sophia H " " "
McConnel I, Howard W " "
Mitchell, P.N " " "
Roberts, John 8 " " "
Smith, Robert S " " "
Smith, Bertha M " " "
Tudor, Nellie E " " "
Van Sant, Lizzie " " "
Third Grade.
Berrv, Mrs. D. B October 5th, 1894.
Charles, E. F. L
Downs, Nellie L
Foglesonger, J. M
Gardner, Mary
Mitchell, P. N...
Pinchon, Eugenie M
Schroeker, Caroline
Smith, Gr,mt
Staefier, W. T
Weston, Alfred S
Allen, Carrie , February 2d, 1895.
Collins, Maria T " " "
Dorphley, Mabel '^ " "
English, Samuel B " " "
Hewitt, Lvdia B " " "
McConneli, Walter B " " "
Price, Minnie L " " "
Scull, Eugene " " "
Smith, Robert S " " "
Ward, Emma J " " "
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 137
Abbott, Florence W May 3d, 1895.
Andrews, Minta " " '"
Bromlee, Mary E " " "
'Coleman, Anna S " " ''
Drape, Lizzie A " '" ''
■Gross, Mahlon " '' "
Murray, Etta " " ''
Pressy, MarkB " " "
Eisley, Gertie " ' "
Scull, Hattie '^ " '■
Smith, LillieE " " "
ScuUin, James " " "
BERGEN COUNTY.
First Grade.
Burroughs, Medora May 3d, 1895.
Glarke, Margaret P ,. " " "
■Coale. Agnes L " " "
Ingalls, Will C " " "
Myers, Adelle " " "
Komaine, Jeannette " " "
Eoe, H. Estelle '• " "
Van G elder, Eleanor '' " "
Young, Frank A " " "
Second Grade.
Ballagh, Lizzie E October 5ih, 1895.
Guthrie, Edward R '• " "
Kipp, Grace " " "
Mueller, Ernst '■ " "
Baker, Mrs. Mary R February 3d, U95.
Ferguson, M. Elizabeth " ' '• "
Gansmann, Anna B " " ''
Howland, Emily M ' " '
Halstead, Carrie " " '
Mattison, Mary K " '• '
McGee, Sarah A " "
Moore, Mabel C " " '
Salyer, Sadie " " '
Van Riper, Mattie " "
Ackerman, Arthur May 5th, 1895.
Howland, Emily M " "
Mattison, Mary K '• " "
^Vard, May " " "
Third Grade.
•Gansmann, Anna B October 5th, 1894.
Murray, Margaret Y " " ''
Van Riper, Sallie " " "
Byrd Genevieve A February 3d, 1895.
Duncan, Antreline " " '■
Fishbough, Lillian M " ' "
Goodwin, Matilda E " " "
Haring, Ida " " "
Halstead, Lillie " ' "
Leeds, Edna D " " "
Mav, Eva Alice " " ''
Parker, Nellie J " " "
Tompkins, Maud H " " "
138 SCHOOL REPORT.
Bvrd, Genevieve A May 3d, 1895,
Biell, Gertrude " "
Fishboiigh, Lilian M " " "
Gerecke, Gertrude E " " "
Gordon, Julia C " " "
Hal.tead, Lillie " " "
Huber, Tlieresa M " " "
Leeds, Edna D " " ''
8tevenson, Agnes Paul " " ''
Tompkins, Maud H " " "
Van Kiper, Sallie... " " "
Winter, Olivia " " "
BURLINGTON COUNTY.
First Grade,
Atkinson, Lizzie E May 3d, 1895.
Burr, Carrie F
Benjaurd, Leone E
Bayles, Nettie D
Herbert, Carrie C
Idell, Ida E
Tansy, Sara E
Van Zandt, Fanny B
"Waters, Adaline F
Second Grade.
Benjaurd, Irene H October 5lh, 1894.
Bentley, Rachael " " "
Cross, Mary E " " "
Eckharat, Maud S " " "
Gale, Deborah F " " "
Herbert, Elizabeth W " " "
Johnson, Emily H " " "
Koster, Hattie " " "
Morrison, Anna B " " "
Eeed, CallemT " " ''
Sexton, Wilmer I " " "
Thompson, Frank W " " "
Watts, M. Elizabeth " " '■
Hunter, Stella G February 3d, 1895.
Helsel, Moses T
Hargrave, Frank M " "
Knapp, Samuel S • '" '"
Lull, Sybil E
Murphy, William T " "
Venable, Lillian M
Wildonger, Herman " ''
Fortimer, Laura V May 3d, 1895.
Heisler, Mary A '• " "
Haines, Mabel V " " "
Herrmann, May E " " "
Hughes, Eunice A " " "
Johnson, M Virginia " " '"
Lippincott, Julia B " " "
Lanning, Georgiana D " " "
Pease, Mary T " " '^
Rainear, Sallie T " " '
Rigg, Annie " " "
Shadinger, Ephraim M " " "
Sptague, Irene A , " "
Wilson, John H •' " "
Wilkinson, Marv A " " "
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
im
Third Grade.
Allen, E. B. October 5th, 1894.
Bronson, Anna M : " " "
Badgley, Annie J " " "
Cunningham, Mary " " "
Coxson, Isabella D " " "
Gushing, Nannie " " "
De Law, Louise A " " "
Dunmore, Anna M '' " "
Evans, Clara " " ''
Fenimore, Mary A " " "
Knapp, Samuel D " "
Lull, Sybil E " " "
Mitchell, Mrs. Mary J " " "
Murphy, William T " " "
McCoIlum, Lizzie " " "
Wilkinson, Mary A " '' "
Wildonger, Herman " '" "
Willey, MaryA " " "
Carman, Charles F February 3d, 1895.
Donlon, James P
Dill, Nellie H
Giberson, Harry
Hallenbeck, M. Louise
Johnson, M. Virginia
Schlagle, Elsa
Wetherill, Reba L
Cushing, iSIannie May 3d, 1895.
Johnson, M. Eva
Mitchell, Mary J
Murphy, Mabel W
Marple', Viola Z
Quinn, Elizabeth M
Stackhouee, Laura N ,
CAMDEN COUNTY.
First Grade.
Nichols, Ida M October 6th, 1894.
Albertson, Mary May 3d, 1895.
Davis, Gertrude "
Day, Cora S "
Evaul, Mary E "
Fellenbaum, Emma "
Furber, Daisy "
Johnson, Erminie "
Larmouth, Minnie M "
Marshall, Florence "
Snyder, E. F "
Second Grade.
Asay, Julia A , October 6th, 1894.
Lippincott, Annie " "
Morgan, John " '■
Russell, Isabel F ' "
Thompson, S H " "
Warrington, Mary B " "
140
SCHOOL REPORT.
Cutler, Emma R February l3t, 1895.
Jackson, John H " " "
Kemp, Ella M " " "
Sullivan, William C " " "
Haigh, Emma M May 3d, 1895.
Maskell, Delia " " "
Third Grade.
Burkhardt, Anna D.... October 6th, 1894.
Creamer, Mary H
Engle, Herbert V
Haigh, Emma M
Heisler, Maude
Morgan, John
Plummer, Mabel
Kutter, Gertrude
Eogers, Harold E
Romans, Thomas
Allen, Kay February 1st, 1895.
Black, Stella E " " '
Bates, Lidie , " " "
Bartine, Ella A " " "
Davis, Jessie F " " "
Egbert, Laura A " " "
Giford, Eva " " "
Heggan, Calcina " " "
Preston, Rosaltha " " "
Eitchie, Abbie " " "
Stockton, C. Eleanor " " "
Brigg-, Maria May 3d, 1895.
■Geismar, Elsie ''
Haines, Jennie "
Jones, Emma "
Johnson, Emily H "
MacNichols, Mabel.; "
Peyton, Mary "
Porch, Ruth A "
Rutter, Gertrude "
Webb, Jennie J "
Warlon, Mary "
CAPE MAY COUNTY.
First Grade.
Cresse, Lydia S May 3d, 1895.
Second Grade.
Cresje, H. G October 6th, 1895.
Hoffman, L. F... February, 2d, 1895.
Risle}^ Alice T '■ " "
Stevens, D.Y " " "
Blake, H. C May 3d, 1895.
Hoffruan, Hannah " " "
■Camp, Jennie October 6th, 1895.
Griffee, Abbie " " "
Hoopes, Emma " " "
Lloyd, Frank " " "
Stevems, Lewis T " " "
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 141
Davis, Estelle February 3d, 1895.
Moore, Gertrude " " "
Morris, William L " " "
Springer, May " " "
Burns, Wilmer T May 3d, 1895.
Cullen, Etta " " "
Grace, Bertha " " "
Holmes, Francis G " " "
Holmes, Sallie M " " "
Jackson, A. J , " " "
Jefferson, S. Paul " " "
Jefferson, James " " "
CTTMBERLAND COUNTY.
First Grade.
English, Laura May 4th, 1895.
Howell. Ralph M " "
Claypoole, Mary D ... " " '•
Henderson. Sallie M " " "
Buck.son, Ella J October 27th, 1894.
Jones, Annie E " " "
Brodvvater, Annie February, 1895.
Corse, A. B " "
Cook, Sadie M " "
Ewing, Mary D... " "
Kennv, Marguerita " "
Aiken, Ina G..... May 3d, 1895.
Burrough, Sara E '• " "
Bard, Delia » •' "
Cosman, Mary A " " '•
Davis, Lizzie S " " '■
Goscolgre, A. R '• " '■
KenneHv, M. Anna " " "
Lore, Edna " " »
Leamine, Lillian C " " '•
Lawrence, Alice H " " "
Moore, George F " " "
Prichard, Annie E " " "
Eichardson, Eunice A " " "
Veale, Jennie " " "
Third Grade.
Dennery, Hannah M... October 27th, 1894,
Gibson, Idella S " « "
Godfrey, Martha " " "
Hemsley, Mary J " " "
Johnson, Alice R " " "
McLaughlin, Etta October 27th, 1895.
Robbins, Carrie G " " "
Tomlin, Mary " " "
Thompson, Lillian V " " "
Butcher George E May 3d, 1895.
Clement, Mel iie S " " "
Ely, Burton " " «
Hoelzel, Lizzie " " "
Waddams, Minerva " " "
Watson, Clara C " " «
142 SCHOOL REPORT.
ESSEX COUNTY.
First Grade.
Eusby, J(nnie D February ]st, 1895.
Burd, Lizzie H May 4th, 1895.
Gillman, Martha L " " "
Groshong, Bertha L " " "
Hepburn, Emilie " " "
Tail, Agnes J " " "
Second Grade.
Beard, Josephine October 6th, 1894.
Dodge, Mabel C
Hibbard, Elizabeth
Oldliekl, Ella
Suydam, Eva S
Wadsworth, Esther
Abbott, Fannie H
Beauderk, Alfred... February Ist, 1895.
Bingham, Millicent , " "
Broadbent, Gertrude " '
Clark, Clara L " "
Chitterling, Emily B "
Clark, LillieB " "
Connor, May " "
Fletcher, Alice " "
Holmer, Alice D " "
Kingsland, Isabelle F " "
Lindsley, Laura A " "
Mirteener, Anna " "
Moonev, Grace E " "
Nelson, May E "
Orcntt, Jennie E " "
Eichardson, Alice " "
AVard, Caroline E "
Barrett, Mary E May 4th, 1895.
Clubb, Agnes M "
Farmer, Lottie M " "
Farrington, Florence " '' "
Fiske, Henrietta P '] || ||
Freeman, Mabel "
Hall, AlidaD " "
Jones, Clara Chapin " " "
Osborne, A. Louise " " "
Phillips, Ella G " " "
Eicknich, Anna " "
Tavlor, Helen K " " '
Weller, Clara L " "
Third Grade.
Adams, Faith , October 6th, 1894.
Farrington, Florence " ' "
Sutphen, Charlotte S " " "
Walker, Sarah P "
Adams, Lucy February 1st, 1895.
Anderson, Olive "
Brickell, Lucy A.... " "
Captain, Alice
Clark, Alice M " |' ''
Fairley, Anna L
Harvey, May B " " "
Eossetter, Leila B " " "
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 143
Oraffam, Mary L May 4th, 1895.
Herver, L. Pearl " "
Kemsen, May A " " "
GLOUCESTER COUNTY.
First Grade.
-Cornish, Henrietta May 3d, 1895.
Davis, Mamie " " "
Haines, ME " " "
Johnson, W.H " " "
Kandee, Henry L. " " "
Miller. Phebe S " " "
Rissmiller, Isaac " " "
Stratton, (J. Henry " " "
Thomason, Oscar " " "
Worrell, Fannie " " "
Warwick, Bessie B " " "
Second Orade.
Allen, Eva M October 5th, 1894.
Cowgill, Laura F
Gallaher, Lydia K
Haines, M. E
Henry, M. Ella
Hill, Aller
Kuhule, Lulu
North, Samuel S
Owen, Chrissie P
Pierson, Lydia G
Porch, Maggie S
Stanger, Isabella J
Williams, Rhoda S
Welch, E.Nettie
Young, Maud M
Allen, Eva M February 2d, 1895.
Atkinson, Elizabeth M '■ " "
Gross, Mary J " " "
Hervey, May " " "
Kuhule, LulaS " " "
Miller, Phebe S " " '•
Morris, Ida G. " " '■
Owen, Christianna P •. .. " " "
Owen, Belle P " " "
Pierson, Lydia G " " "
Porch, Maggie S " " "
West, SallieK " " "
Bursar, Eva May 3d, 1895.
Hiiliard, R. C " " "
Helms M.Ella " " '•
Henry, May '' " "
Lucas, Mary E " " "
Sayre, Jennie '' " "
Shiveler, Lizzie H " " "
Schroch, Sarah A " " "
West, SallieK " " "
Young, Maud M " " "
144 SCHOOL REPORT.
Third Grade.
Atkinson, Elizabeth M , October 6th, 1894.
Allen, Eva M " " "
Albertsnn. Laura " " "
Beck, Ella " " "
Copestick, Florence " ' "
Evans, Fiorence " ' "
Helms, M. Ella " " "
Hazeltnn, Sara A '' |' '|
Lewis, Sadie H
Moore, May C " " "
Marsh, Eva '"
Moore, Pauline " " "
Pierson, Elizibeth " " "
Sickler, J. Clayton || | '|
Siverton, Lou E
Schroch, Sarah A " " "
Bassett, E D February 2d, 1895.
Batten, R.D '| [] ||
Eagle, Mary E
Helms, M.Ella '' '| ''
Eambo, Amy H
Shreeve, M. Eva '• " "
Sweeten, Lou E " " "
Schroch. Sarah H " " "
Copestick, Florence... May 3d, 1895.
Collins, Ruth 'I " "
Fish, Lavinia
Hazleton, Sara
Jester, A. E
Moore, May C —
Mitchell, Laura.. "
Packer, Anoie E
Keeves, Anna K....
HUDSON COUNTY.
First Grade.
Born, M. E May 1st, 1895,
Beach, Carrie E
Condon, Kate L
Carmody, Mary A || |' "
Gallivan, Mary J " " |'
Grogan, Anna
Govern, Mary M
Hillas, Mana L.
O'Brien, S.B [[ " "
Robertson, Julia M " " ^'
Reinhardt, Carrie
Second Grade.
Buttlar, Alwine October 1st, 1894.
Beacb, Carrie
Cassidy, Alice ^ ^^ ^^
Hurbsch, Sophie
Levd, Henrietta
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 145
Bergmann, T. O February 1st, 1895.
Cassidy, Alice " ' " "
Crane, Alice R " " "
Dickinson, Mary E " " "
Fitzgibbons, M. A " " "
Georgert, Lillian " " "
Hvnes, MaryA " " "
Hall, Eleanor E " " "
Joutras, Daisy " " "
Lloyd, Annie E " " "
Eav, AgnesJ " " "'
Rice, Mary L " " "
Ramsay, Grace R " " "
Turnbull, Isabell C " " "
Brophv. Annie B May 1st, 1895.
Danforth, Ella " " "
Dambacher, Emily " " "
Dickinson, Mary E " " "
Grottressen, Elise M , " " "
Georgert, Lillian " " "
Harford, Florence ; ' " "
Hennessey, Anna " " "
Engleson, Matilda , " " "
Jugleson, Elizabeth , " ' "
Joutras, Daisy " " "
Kieley, T. J " " "
Lee, Kate " " "
Murphy, Lizzie " " "
Ramsay, Grace R " " "
Rav, AgnesJ " " "
Stinges, Emma C " " "
Weisman, Martha " " "
Third Grade.
Carling, Reta October 1st, 1894.
Grothusen, Elise M " " "
Hicks, Katherine " " "
Kortz, Gertrude.. " " "
O'Rafferty, Ella " " "
Reid, Jessie " '■ "
StuTges, Emma C " " "
8toltz, Alice F , " " "
Weismann, Martha " " "
Brady, Kate February 1st, 1895.
Brophy, Annie C " " '■
Carleton, Margaret " " "
Delanev, Anna '' " ''
Farreir, Annie " " "
Fisher, Rosalie " " "•
Fritz, Francis " " "
Johnson. Eleanor *' " "
Koch, Miss " " "
Kappes, Lillie F " " "
Murphy, Lizzie " " "
MacAyoy, Kate " " "
Martin, Isabel E " " "
Noack, Emma " " ''
Padden, Kate •" " "
PiersoD, Mary M " " '-
10
146
SCHOOL REPORT.
Schwartz, Anita - February ]st, 1895.
Schroeder, Annie D " " "
Weldon, A " " "
Wilmington, Arthur W " " '•
Wiclimann, Sophie " " "
Brady, Catherine May 1st, 1895.
Bulkley, Sadie .... '•
Delaney, Anna "
Fyfe, Jane R "
Hollander, Edward H "
Judge, Clare M "
Kartz, Gertrude "
Kappes, Lillie F "
JVIacAvoy, Kate "
Nolan, Anna "
Pierson, Mary M , "
Ring, Margaret T... , "
Rice, Kate R "
Schroder, Annie "
Schwartz, Anita "
Scott, Margaret "
Terstegge, Meta "
Turnbull, Clara "
Toeiler, Martha "
HUNTERDON COUNTY.
First Grade.
Aller, T. O , May 4tb, 1895.
Broadhurst, Anna A " " "
Banghart, Mamie L ■ " " "
Cole, Lizzie " " "
Diamond, Mary P " " "
Dltmars, Margaret B " " "
Dilts, J. Spencer " " "
Dalrymple, F. M " " "
Frey, E. J " " "
Glazier, Grace " " '•
Hiner, Ella " " "
Higgins, J. C " " "
Micke, Lizzie A " " "
McCrea, Lizzie " " "
Meckling, Peter M " " "
Nice, Ada J " " '•
Park, Fannie M " " "
Painter, Hattie " " "
Philhower, Charles " " "
Ribble, S. Lizzie " " "
Reynolds, Dora C " " "
Sutton, Theodore A " " "
Si 1 vara, Cora H " " '•
Second Grade.
Alpaugh, Nellie October 5th, 1894.
Beileman, Eva L.. " " "
Clarkson, Helen.. " " "
Farley, H.W " " "
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 147
Frace, Katie V. K October 5th, 1894.
Hiner, Ella " " "
Kugler, Hannah " " "
McAIone, Minnie " " "
Silvara, Cora " " "
Wert, Ida M " " "
Hartpence, Willie C February 1st, 1895.
Hoppock, J. M... " " "
Aller, H. A May 4th, 1895.
Bowlbv, Edith " " "
Barris^ Josie S " "
Bryan, Edward H " " "
•Cummings, Bertha A " " "
Connollv, Hanna A " " "
•Carhart! Lizzie M " " "
Dean, Florence " " "
Dean, Sadie " " "
Everitt, Jadson F " " "
Fritts, Lillie " " '^
Farrow, C.B " " "
Third Grade.
Jones, Grace E October 5th, 1895.
Lunger, Jennie " "
Longshore, Emma " '■
■Qiiinter, Mary N " "
Smith, Belle "
Ashbridge, Lucy H February 1st, 1895.
Apgar, D " "
Barris, Josie "
Bolby, Agnes " "
Crater, H. Eugene " "
Connelly, Hanna " "
Cole, Alice " "
Davis, Bergen " "
Dean, Florence " "
Frankenlield, William A " '•
Foss, Helen E "
Frace, Katie V ' "
Farrow, C B "
Freer, Annie " "
Fritts, Lillie " "
Farrow, Lena S " "
Galloway, Lizzie " "
Gardner, Mary " "
Hann, Anderson K " "
Merrell, Lucinda " "
McAlone, Horace " "
Nice, Elmer " "
Oppitz, Louis " "
Philhower, Charles A " "
Reinhart, Alonzo L " '
Ross, G. Clare " "
Shive, Laura " "
Sipley, Mary " "
Swayze, Grace " "
Voorhees, Anna M " "
Wallin, Amy C " "
Wardman, Erna " "
Young, Mrs May V " "
148
SCHOOL KEPORT.
Cole, Gertrude February 1st, 1895-,
Davifi, Louise V
Davidson, F. Kate
Foss, Estelle H
Fleming, Louisa
Groff, Laura A
Gardner, Marv A —
Gray, Albert K
Huges, Hattie E
Kerr, Frank
Williamson, Ethel
Waile, Helen B
Young, Nettie
Young, Mary V
Kugler, Herbert P May 4th, 1895.
Kline, Anna
Longshore, Emma T
Lair, Nellie E
Merrill, Lucenia D
McAlvan, Wallace
McAlone, Horace
Mack, Lizzie
Morris, Carrie M
Ross, G.Clare
Worman, Rebe
Wacke, Kittle
MERCER COUNTY.
Second Grade.
Allen, Maggie B October 6th, 1894.
Bresnahan, Mamie " " "
Hunt, Ella Q " " "
Morgan, Clara H " " "
Phillips, Mary " " "
Wright. Isabella B " " "
W'yckoff, Newton February 2d, 1895.
Hendrickson, Annie E May 4th, 1895.
Howell, Louisa ' '' "
Mitchell, Emily N " " "
Third Grade.
Drake, Minnie E October 6th, 1894„
Ely, RebaS •' " "
Green, Eva A " " "
Hunt, Margaret B " " ''
Jerauld, Martha E " " "
Knowles, Emma " " "
Myers, Anna L ' " "
Rice, Alice M " "
Rogers, Minnetta L " " "
Rogers, Kate " " "
Hutchinson, Ida V February 2d, 1895..
Paul. Ethel " " "
Peabody, Eihel ' " "
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 149
Atchley, John P May 4ih, 1895.
Brearley, Lewis G ' " "
Clark. Josephine " " "
EIv, ElmaM " " '
Ewing, Zillah " " '
Farr, Sadie : '• " "
McNair, Maria F " " "
Keitzle, Kate " " "
MIDDLESEX COUNTY.
First Grade.
Ayres, Josephine May 3d, 1895.
•Clarkson, Mamie " " "
Davis, Eleanor " " "
Straiib, Lizzie " " "
Smith, Martha " " "
Smith, Madge " " "
Thoural, Dillie " " "
Second Grade.
Kerdel, Annie October 5th, 1S95.
Leffferts. Nellie " " "
Aken, Edna..... May 3d, 1895.
Hageman, Lizzie " " "
Letson, Mary " " '•
MtCurdy, Virginia " " "
Perrine. Kate " ' "
Smith, Madna " " '■
Spencer, William " " "
Stanger, Elizabeth " " "
Warne, Mamie " " "
Wright, Annie. " " "
Wall. Lillie " " "
Third Grade.
Appleget, J. L October 6th, 1894.
Aken, Edna '•
Bergen, E. Mary " "
Carpenter, Minnie " "
Kellogg, Carrie " "
Letson, Mary " "
Morris, Helen "
Osborn, Jessie " "
Perrine, Kate " '■
Eue, Emma " "
Van Schoick, Mrs " "
Wright, Annie " "
Watson, Mary " "
Wray, Millie "
Armstrong, Annie February 1st, 1895.
Brownins:, Florence " ''
Baker, Ella E "
Edgar, Amanda " "
Higgins, Ada G
Hinshelwood, Mabel " "
Johnson, Blanche " "
150 SCHOOL FvEPORT.
MacDonald, Sara February Ibt, 1895.
Pemberton, Jennie " " "
Eeid, Amanda " " "
Wiers, Mamie H " " "
Whitlock, Sadie " " "-
Buchanan, Mary May 3d, 1895.
Darison, Kate " " "
Griggs, Anna '• " "
Gunther, Bertha •' " "
Kellogg. Carrie " " "
Martin, Harriet " " "
Morris, Helen '' " "
Morgan, Ethel " " "
Stubbeline, Anna " " "
Tunison, Grace " " "
Wall, Lillie " " "
Walton, Addie " " "^
MONMOUTH COUMTT.
First Grade.
Crego, Milo H May 3d, 1895'.
Deck, A. W " " "
Disbrow, Edith " " "
Harnev, J. Holmes " " "
Second Grade.
Bloodgood, Emma October 6th, 1894,
Field, Charlotte " "
Francis, Mrs. Delia " " "
Gravat, Mount D , " " "
Patterson, Emma V " " "
Lord, Jennie B February 12th 1895,
Wilson, Lizzie A " " ''
Algor. Harriet May 3d, 1895.
Clarkson, Mary E " " "
Clayton, Dena " " "
Dunham, Marv A " " "
Disbrow, Edith " " "
Fountain, Hortense " " ''
Hendrickson, Susie " "' "
Hendrickson, William R " " "
Hendrickson, Lydia " " "
Ingling, EvaL " " "
LeQuier, S. H •' " "
Miller, Jennie " " "
Nelson, George O " " "
Pyatt. Laura M " '• "
Bobbins, Anna A " " "
Sanford, W. A " " "
Tilton. A. A " " "
Tansey, Michael " " "
Tilton, J. C " " "
Tomlinson. Cora " " "
Voorhees, Eva " " "
Welsh, T.R " " '^
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
151
Third Grade.
Appleget, Mary E October 6th, 1894.
Barkalow, Barbara " " '•
Frazer, EttaM " " "
Heale, George " " "
Waters, Esther A " " "
Warner, Grace ' " "
Aring, Anna M February 12th, 1895.
Beers, Margaret A " "
Cole, Anna L " "
Du Bois, Jennie " "
Frisby, Louisa S " "
Maloney, Ella •' '
Morford, Maria L. , " "
Eichdale, Ella F "
Smith, Clara C , " "
Stiner, Marian C " "
Taylor, Laura " "
Brown, May May 3d, 1895.
Campbell, Kaiio "
Clark, Mrs. Ella B "
Dav son, Carrie "
Fennimore, Roland "
Finlay, Mary E '•
Frazee, Vernon L "
Goodenough, Mary '
Hurley, Lillian S "
Loyde, F. Howard "
Ma'tthews, De Witt "
Miller, Belle E "
Patterson, Virginia "
Purneil, Isaac R "
Reed, A(?a '•
Rue, Caroline L.. ''
Tilton, Asher L •'
Wilson, Lottie E "
Lake, Jennie October lOih, 1894.
McGrath, Anna " " "
Mountjoy, Helen " " "
Young, Lida R " " '•'
Achenbach, Anna February 7lh, 1895.
Banghart, S. E " " " "
Boniface, Emma " " "
Budd, Mattie " " "
Coomhs, Hattie " " '•
McXally, Lizzie ' " "
Merrick, Helen " " "
Smith, Elsie " '• "
Stone, Sarah " " "
Achenbach, Mary May 10th, 1895.
Bowlby, Clara " " «
Coon, Sarah , " " "
Edsall, May " " "
Haltiman, Gertie " " "
Howell, Margaret " '• "
McGrath, Anna . " " "
Rood, Annie " " "
Showger, Bertha " " "
152 SCHOOL REPORT.
MORRIS COUNTY.
First Grade.
Chamberlain, R , May 10th, 1895.
Cumback, I. N "
Due, Immanuel " " "
Reilly, Addie "
Searle, Alice , " " "
Welsh, M.M "
Second Grade.
Battey, L. F October 10th, 1894.
Cotupton, Addie J " " "
McGurry, William " '" "
Ruby, Lilla "
Carey, Addie M February 7th, 1895.
Faulkner, Alice " " ''
Banghart, S. E May 10th, 1895.
Bice, E. E "
Dixon, C. A "
Gorden, B. H " "
Johnson, Hilda "
Mountjoy, Helen " " "
Wood,H. W "
Third Grade.
Estler, Agnes T October 10th, 1894.
Evans, Daniel B " " "
Johnson, Hilda " " "
OCEAN COUNTY.
First Grade.
Brownell, Alice W May 4ih, 1895.
Caward, Libbie H " " "
de Puget, Mar a W " "
Irons, Winfield " " "
Mecredy, Jennie M " " "
Potter, Alice " " "
Salmon, J. W. " " "
Steelman, Julia F " " "
Stilwell, Jessie " " "
Stewart Lydia E '" " "
Tilton, Frank " " "
Vaughn, Annie " " "
Second Grade.
Brown, Jeanette F October 6th, 1894.
Downey, Charles D "
Lanit), Laura J ''
Bennett, Ella May "
Brown, Livinia S ... "
Crane, William J "
Conklin, Alexander "
Ivins, George W "
Lane, E "
Newman, Nora "
Shureman, Paul ''
Taylor, Willella February 2d, 1895.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 153
Third Oracle.
Eiseman, Ada October 6tli, 1894.
Horner, Estella " " "
Hulshart, Maggie " " "
'Cottrell, Grace February 2d, 1895.
Hall,Fannie " " "
Harvey, Anna " " "
Ivins, George W " " "
McKelvev, Irene " " "
Otis, Etta " " "
Shureman, Paul " " "
Adams, Lillie F May 4th, 1895.
Brower, Fred. T " " "
Britten, Lillie " " "
•Cole, Julia " " "
Hulshart, Maggie " " "
Hankins, Viola M " " "
Johnson, Parthenia " " "
Pearce, MayW " " "
Sherman, Lorene " " "
Steelman, Edna " " "
Steelman, F.G ' " "
Sterner, S Mary " " "
Wills. Lvdia " " "
PASSAIC COUNTY.
Fii'St Grade.
Brown, Charles B May 4th, 1895.
Barnes, Samuel B " " "
'Grundy, Ab--alom " " "
Second Grade.
iKyerson, John D October 6th, 1894,
Hopper, May February 5th, 1895.
Eeed, Julia " " "
Jacobus, Sarah T May 4th, 1895.
Third Grade.
Baxter, Richard October 6th 1894.
Ballard, Ella May 4th, 1895,
Camp, Emma E "
Harper, Mabel "
Macdonald, Arthur C "
■O'Donnell, Kate "
Eeed, Mrs. E. A "
Rhinesmith, Elizabeth "
Treeland, El izabeth "
Wallace, Spenser "
154 SCHOOL REPORT.
SALEM COUNTY.
First Grade.
Allen, Tillie May 4th, 1895.
Anderson, W. C " " "
Beiri, Margaret " " "
Cheesman, Verna " " "
Carlisle, A. B " " "
Chase, Florence " " "
Carpenter, Ida " " "
Duelsbeck, Ella " " "
Given, James R " " "
Jacoby, Ella " " "
Mickle, Benjamin G " " "
Patrick, Helena G " " "
Prime, Ada R " " "
Pierce, Bernice " " ''
Sheets, Mary " " "
Sheppard, Emma E " "
Summerill, Elma " " "
Thompson, Charlotte " " "
Second Grade.
Cheesman, Verna October 4th, 1894.
Carl, Mary R "
Given, J oseph R. " " "
Perry, Elizabeth "
Cromwell, Mary J. W February 2d, 1895.
Freen, Mrs. Margaret " "
Holmer, MaryW " " "
Hubert, Mary J " " "
Jenkins, Lizzie R " " "
Lippincott, Vida "
Layton, J. N " " "
Mickle Benjamin G " " "
Polk, Ada R " [[ [[
Stretch, Amanda "
Davis, Elizabeth May 4th, 1895.
Freen, Margaret " " "
Haines, Sadie
Holmer, MaryW " "
McKean, Goldie E " "
Third Grade.
Bassett, Gertrude October 4th, 1894..
Brown, Mollie
Caire, Emma r
Crispin, Minnie
Cottrell, Royal
Holme, Mary W
Polk, Ada R " " "
Armstrong, Clara February id, 1895.
Bassett, Mary E '| '[ \\
Cooper, Elizabeth
Caire, Emma
r< 1_1 XT' " " "
Cab e, Emma
Davis, Bessie B
Dilks, Bessie S " " "•
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
155
Davis, M. Elizabeth February 2d, 1895.
Gordon, Clara "
Haines, Sadie "
Hall, Marie
Jenkinson, Eleanor "
Kiger, Charles "
Moore, John M "
McKean, Goldie E "
McHenry, Bessie T "
Neusteal, Lizzie "
Nixon, Bertha "
Parker, Florence "
Koyal, Clara "
Kyan, Katie "
Simkins, Myrtle "
Summerill, May J "
Sailor, Anna B "
Allen, J. Anna May 4th, 1895.
Armstrong, Clara , " " "
Cain, Anna " "
Cable, Harvey J..... " " "
Casper, Annie S " "
Craig, Anna "
Crispin, Minnie W " " "■
Diiks, Minnie W " "
Gordon, Clara F " " "
Holme, Eleanor G " "
Kiger, Charles " "
Neusteal, Lizzie " " "•
Sheppard, Elizabeth " " "
Summerill, May J " " ''
White, Charles R " "
SOMERSET COUNTY.
First Grade.
Compton, Eleanor May 4th, 1895',
Clawson, Alice
Cutter, Susan M
Johnson, Helga
Streeter, Walter ,
Van Pelt, Mrs. W. B
Van Syckel, Bethany D
Second Grade.
Austin, Elizabeth G October 6th, 1894.
Bowlby, Edith
Herrmann, Mary R
Poste, E. R
Stultz, Annie M ,
Stryker, Emma L
Strickland, Carrie D
Weldon, Blanche L
Wrav, Angelina W
Streeter, Walter February 2d, 1895.
Creeden, Francis I May 4th, 1895.
Biggins, Mrs. S. S " " "
Morris, Mrs. Richard " " "
Smith, Elizabeth A " " "
Tierney, Mary E " " "
W'right, Elizabeth " " "
Woodruff, William "
156
SCHOOL REPORT.
Third Grade.
Creeden, Francis October 6th, 1894.
JEinery, Helen R
Hendricks, Cora M
JS^eedham, Alice L
Kelson, Emma L
Staats, Margaret D
Saunderson, Katlierine
Tierney, Mary E
Bolen, Alice IS February 2d, 1895.
Ciawson, .Jeanette " "
Fenner, Ella " "
Garretson, Mrs. L. L " "
•Gulick, George W " "
Layton, Aletta M " "
Higgins, Ada Grace May 4tb, 1895.
Higgins, E May "" " "
Hawkes, Florence " " "
Keedham, Alice Louise " " "
SUSSEX COUNTY.
First Grade.
Bosch, Nellie V May 4th, 1895.
Bunnell, Emma
•Cole, Anna
•Creveling, Uhler
Dunn, Anna E
Dunn, Mary E
Lindsey, Archibald
McCue, James
Smith, Frank
Thompson, Fred .,..
Second Grade.
Brink, Matilda October 5th,
Farber, Lizzie A " "
"Gordon, Bert H " "
Lindsey, Archibald " "
Simpson, Hattie " "
Smith, Frank "
Wilson, Floyd J " "
•Coyle, Nellie February 2d,
Oasterlin, A. Edna " "
Carpenter, Kate " "
■Coursen, Harry " "
Case, Anna M " '"
Decker, Nettie " "
Kvte, Stella " "
JVIartin, Myra E "
Morris, Lizzie J " "
McCartv, George " "
Reed, William J "
Schneider, Alice " "
StoU, Margaret " "
1894.
1895.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
157
Bedell, A. W May 4th,
Bevans, Estella M ,
Coddington, Minnie
De.ker, Willard R
Emmons, L. May
Howell, Minnie C
Jones, Ella
Kyte, Stella
Layton, Minnie L....
Losey, Asa W
Obborn, Mae ,
Speedier, Anna F
Stoll, Frank ,
Washer, May..
1895.
Third Grade.
Betlel, A. W October 5th, 1895.
Bloom, AlvahJ " " "
Butterfield, Eva M " " "
Casterlin, A Edna " " "
Carpenter, Ka'e " " "
Chrispell, p. L " " "
Coiirsen, Harry •' " "
Dickson, Cecelia October 5th, 1894.
Emmons, L. May " " "
Fuller, Samuel S , " " "
Hancy, Ella " " "
Hetzel, EmmaE " " "
Hetzel, Grace D " ' "
Van Tassel, Jennie '' " "
Bevans, Estella M February 2d, 1895.
Chrispell, P. N
Current, Myra
Current, Georgia
Horn beck, Cyesta
Hannah, Lulu O
Hill, Charles
Hull, Bessie M
Layton, Millie F
Osborn, Mame
Kosenkrans, Cora
Stoll, Frank
Speicher, Anna F
Woodruff, Bessie L
Whitney, Nellie L
Cortright, Charles N May 3d, 1895.
Crispin, Emma '
Glover, Harry L *
Hetzel, Grace D '
Hetzel, Emma E '
McConnell, H. D '
AVernlein, C. M '
UNION COUNTY.
First Grade.
BurJen, Margaret February 5th, 1895,
Grow, F.S " " "
Sturges, F. V , " " "
158
SCHOOL REPORT.
Clement, Richard E May 4tli, 1895.
€ull, G. T
Decker, Walter J
Origgs, Mrs. Lottie B
Orow, F. S
Haven, Maidie A
Harned, Grace F
Jewell, Anna H
Kingsbury, George H
Orfl, Ida M.....
Rider, Catherine
Squirer, Hattie M
Sturgess, J. V
Stearns, Cora M
Watts, Ella L
Second Grade.
Bond, Marv S October 6th, 1894.
Clark, Estelle M
Earl, Alice M -••••
Lyon, Marie L
Stiles, M. J
Watts Ella F
Clark,' Tina....'."."*.'.'.'.'.'.'.' February 2d, 1895.
Lvon, Madeline
Mulford, Sarah M || [[ '|
Marcus, Grace L
Allen, A. E May 4th, 1895.
Clark, Estelle M
Freezman, Lizzie
Haven, Cliffie L
Marcus, Grace L
Mulford, Sara M
Muddell Clara P
McKeon, Clara
Putman, Martha M
Whitehead, Minnie
Third Grade.
Bannister, Annetta October 6th, 1894.
Chalmers, Sara
Clark, Estelle M '|
Carpenter, Helen T " "
Haven, Madie
Hale, Hairiet A
Lyon, Madeline S || ||
Stacey, I. Maud
Adams, Lucy S February 2d, 1895.
Barton, Rollin J " '
Church, Katherine M " '
Davis, Sadie L " '
Frothingham, Mable A "
Forbes, Annie " '
McKeon, M. Helen
Muddell. Clara P || |
Saires, Emma
Yawger, Cora
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
159
Burnett, Annie G May 4th, 1895.
Dienn, Ella M " "
Folsom, Josephine " " "
Green, Anna W " " "
Howard, Lula F " " "
Hurley, Emily L '' " "
Murdell, Clara P " "
Trus.-ler, Minnie , " " "
WARREN COUNTY.
First Grade.
Brands, Wilbert May 4th, 1895.
Beaty, N. C " " "
•Griffith, James H " " "
Shuster, E. D " " "
Tomer, N.J " " "
Warren, B.S " " "
Bigelow, Eva May 5th, 1895.
Caviston, Annie " " "
Frame, Jennie W " " "
Gelpke, Mary E " " "
Kellogg, Laura " " "
Larison, Ella " " "
Mitchell, Minnie C " " "
Myers, Lizzie A " " "
Stone, Marv K " " "
Schlabach, Flora E " " "
Ward, Jessie " " "
Welsh, Myrtle M " " "
Willins, Beulah E " " "
Williamson, Lizzie " " "
Second Grade.
Depue, A. B October 6th, 1894.
Depue, Mary Edith
Griffith, James H
Horn, Ida M
Hamilton, Laura S
Kremer, Lillie
Pierson, Fred. K
Pierson, Harry
Sliellenberger, John M
Shipman Belle S
Stadelhofer, Maggie
Warner, B. S
Ward, B. F
Young, Maud C
Johnson, Ollie February 2d, 1895.
Lindaberry, Frances " " "
Batson, Anna M May 5th, 1895.
Bowers, Viola S " "
Carling, Flora " " "
Gouger, Lizzie " " "
Ketcham, Lulu " " "
Lance, John B " ' "
Miller, Carrie " " "
Madden Sadie E " " "
Grt, F.Herman '' " "
Swayze, M. May " " "
Wilkinson, Annie " " "
Wilier, Lizzie " " "
160
SCHOOL REPORT.
Third Grade.
Bowers, Viola S October 6th, 1894.
Drake, Frank J
Daily, Hattie.
Gouger, Lizzie
Gardner, Elizabeth C
Harden, Lemuel
Harris, Minnie C
Kinney, Mary M
LoUer, Vesta T
Lindabury, Frances
McMullen, May
Miller, Carrie
Schug, E. F
Swavze, M. May
Treible, John M
Wintannell, Anna R
Wilkinson, Annie
Wildrick, Cora
Brugler, V. C February 2d, 1895
Beck, Stella
Butz, Mary
Carling, Flora
Crisman, S. M
Dailev, Hattie
Hill, Ethel....
Harris Minnie C
Jacobus, Ediih
Lerck, Bessie
Myers, Cordelia
Metz, Florence E
Miller, Carrie
Sharp, Clinton
Schrantz, Margaret
Stadelhofer, Ida
Tanner, Hannah
Thompson, Eelia M
Ward, Mary
Woolverton, Henrietta
Albright, Catherine May 5th, 1895
Brands, John D
Beam, Kate F i
Crater, Lizzie
Gardner, Elizabeth C
Harris, Minnie C
Howell, Carrie F
Lanterman, Cora
Mutchler, Emma
McConachey, Lizzie ■
Osmun, Grace M
Eaub, Carrie
Stone, Hattie M
Scholev, Lizzie L
Trieble, John M
Weber, Mary E
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
161
TABLE XI.
County Superintendents.
Atlantic J. RUSSELL WILSON
Bergen [JOHN TERHUNE
Buriington |eDGAR HAAS
Camden ICHARLES S. ALBERTSON,
Cape May
Cumberland..
Essex
Gloucester™...
Hudson
Hunterdon...,
Mercer
Middlesex . ..
Monmouth ...
Morris
Ocean
Passaic
Salem
Somerset
Sussex
Union
VI^JCENT O MILLER
JOHN N. GLASPELL
ELMER C. SHERMAN
WILLIAM H ELDRIDGE..
Rev. G. C. HOUGHTON
E M. HEATH
JOHN S. VAN DIKE
H. BREWSTER WILLIS.....
JOHN EN'RIGHT
MARTIN LUTHER COX. .
E. M. LONAN.
JAMES D. DONNELL
ROBERT GWYNNE, JR
JOHN L. ANDERSON
LUTHER HILL
B. HOLMES
Warren ROBERT S. PRICE.
r. 0. ADDRESS.
AtlanticCity
Hackensack
Bordentown
Magnolia
South Dennis
Bridgeton
South Orange....
Williamstown ,.
Hoboken
Locktown
Hopewell
New Brunswick
Freehold
Dover
Tom's River
Paterson
Salem
Somerville. ,
Andover
Elizabeth ,
Hackettstowr...
«l,Oro 00
1,300 00
1,300 CO
1,COO 00
800 00
1,000 oo
1,300 00
1,000 00
1,300 00
1,052 50
1,000 00
1,034 00
1,300 00
1,300 00
1,000 00
800 00
1,000 00
1,000 00
1000 00
800 CO
1,222 00
11
162
SCHOOL REPORT.
TABLE Xir.
Oily Superintendents.
CITIES.
Atlantic City
Bayonne
Bridgeton
Camden
Egg Harbor City.
Elizabeth
Gloucester City..
Hoboken
Jersey City
MillviUe
MorristOM'n..
Newark
New Brunswick.
Orange
Paterson
Passaic
Perth Amboy
Phillipsburg
PlainfieM
Rahway
Salem
Trenton
NAMES.
\V. B. LOUDENSLAGER.
CHARLES M. DAVIS.
JOHN S. TURNER.
MARTIN V. BERGEN.
JOHN SCHUSTER.
WARREN R. DIX.
J. C. STINSON.
DAVID E. RUE.
HENRY SNYDER.
Hon. E. C. STOKES.
W. L. R. HAVEN.
Dr. WM. N. BARRINGER.
GEORGE G. RYAN.
U. W. CUTTS.
DR. J. A. REINHART.
Dr. H. H. button.
ADRAIN LYON.
H. BUDD HOWELL.
H. M. MAXSON.
H. B. ROLLINSON.
MORRIS H. STRATTON.
LESLIE C. PIERSON.
REPORTS OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS.
(168)
REPORTS OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS.
ATLANTIC COUNTY.
J. Russell Wilson, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — I have the honor to submit the following report of the public
schools in this county for the school year ending June 30th, 1895:
Improvements in Buildings. — Two school- houses, old a generation
ago, one at Carmantown and one at South Absecon, are at last being
replaced with modern buildings, and a third building is in the course
of erection at Mizpah, in place of one formerly rented.
A great advance has been made in many cases by the substitution
of slate blackboards for wall, covered with liquid slating, an improve-
ment which might be copied in several other cases.
The borough of Pleasantville has made marked improvements. Of
the three buildings within its boundaries, No. 1 was enlarged and
repaired during the year. No. 2 thoroughly renovated and No. 3
replaced by a new building.
It is a safe remark to make that at no time were the school-houses
in this county in so good repair and fully equipped for work as at
present.
School Libraries. — There are several large and fl jurishing libraries
in our schools, and it is needless to add that it requires considerable
activity on the part of teachers to keep them in that condition. It is
surprising how quickly a small library is entirely lost or a large one
becomes a wreck, and it is a very heavy credit to any teacher who
either advances the one in existence or starts a new one ; in my
experience the first is more to a teacher's credit than the latter.
The larger schools are the ones invariably having the libraries.
This is a fact easily accounted for, but deplorable, as ther,e is a larger
proportion in the outlying schools having children which never have
the opportunity of cultivating any taste for reading, the only books
coming into their experience being the text-books used at school.
It would be an exceedingly valuable addition to the Free Text-book
(165)
166 SCHOOL REPORT.
law, if obligatory provision for the library fund was required by eacb
local board of education, in the same manner as for free text- books.
The graduating exercises this year were held at Mays Landing,,
and a very large and appreciative audience, gathered from all parts of
the county, participated in the exercises.
It would be a most excellent plan for the State Board of Education
to establish a system of grades for the public schools of the State.
This plan has often been advocated. It would resurrect many schools
from the graves they are now in by reason of having courses of study
totally unsuited for them. School boards and teachers frequently
want to have something higher than any of their neighbors, and so
load pupils with studies which are incompetently taught, and worse
than useless for that reason alone. The poison in such courses would
be entirely extracted if the State should establish a system of grades
for all schools run with public money. Counties, where at present a
county course cannot be successfully established, would at once fall in
line under a State course.
Teachers' Examinations. — In the matter of teachers' examinations,
it is thought by many who have it under constant consideration that
the former plan of giving separate examinations in each grade is
preferable to the present plan of a simple set of questions broken up
into three parts — calling the first part, third grade ; the second part,,
second grade, and the last part, first grade. The requirements of the
several grades in the same branches are not equal and a difference
should be made.
Under the present rules a third-grade certificate can be issued but
twice to the same person, no matter how high the general average is,
but a second grade, having a general average of 85 per cent., is renew-
able indefinitely. This is manifestly unfair to third-grade teachers.
The second grade is so slightly above the third grade that they should
be put upon the same plane, or the third grade should be done away
with and a primary certificate issued, good for distinctly primary
work. This would relieve many district schools of the third-grade
teacher.
It would also be in the line of fairness to remove the restriction of
two years' experience from the qualifications of a candidate for a first
grade county certificate. Many qualified candidates are handicapped'
by it, and there seems to be an inequality in requiring more of a
candidate for a first-grade county certificate than for a third-grade
State certificate.
Visitation. — AU schools have been visited the required number of
times, some several more than the number. The corps of teachers
has been more eflBcient than usual and better results have been
obtained. A good school is always supposed to exist in a school of
two or more grades, by reason of the extra amount of time allowed
to fewer grades, but for the encouragement of teachers in the district
ATLANTIC COUNTY. 167
schools, it is just to remark that every year it becomes more apparent
that good schools are not the least seldom found in their charge, a
fact showing clearly their progressiveness in professional work and
up- to date methods. Several could be mentioned that are doing
work which is a source of pride to the community in which they are
situated and a credit to our system of schools. They fully deserve
great encouragement from all in any way connected with their
welfare.
Recent Legislation. — All boards of education in thi? county have
complied fully with the various legislation in reference to public
schools.
Approved books on physiology have been placed in the hands of
pupils, and teachers have readily entered into the spirit of the
requirements of the law regarding the teaching of ttie effects of
alcoholic drinks and narcotics on the human system. These subjects
have been quite faithfully taught in our schools for years past, so
that no difficulty in fully complying with the law has been met.
There is not a school-house in the county that has not its flag and
pole. The popularity of the Flag act was very pronounced, and
schools have taken pride in securing the highest of flag-poles and the
handsomest and largest of flags, all of which shows plainly the deep
undercurrent of national feeling and patriotism amongst all classes,
whether town, village or farming district.
Teachers have entered very enthusiastically into the spirit of
Arbor and Historical days. For the latter many fine programmes
were rendered. These days are amongst the most essential of all
school days, the lessons taught by both being in the line of supple-
mentary work, but really more valuable than some regular studies
pursued in the schools.
One of the most beneficial acts in the history of school legislation
is the Free Text-book law. Teachers everywhere hail it with joy as
a removal of the greatest of trials they have had to contend with in
school work.
After a year's trial the Township School act can be said to be
generally working smoothly. The recent amendments have greatly
helped it, by taking out its rigid features, making it somewhat
elastic.
The clause requiring three weeks' notice before the officers of
boards can be removed takes all virtue out of the act. The principal
use made of this law is in forcing a clerk to be prompt with his
annual report, in which case his immediate removal is desirable for
inattention to duty.
Annual Examination. — The graduating class of the county schools
for '95 numbers 33 in the first grade and 16 in the post-graduate.
168 SCHOOL REPORT.
BERGEN COUNTY.
John Terhune, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, Slate Superintendent :
Sir — For my tenth annual report the following is courteously
submitted :
I have forty- nine school districts, consisting of fifteen townships,
thirty-two boroughs and two with special charters. Had it not been
for the law preventing boroughs having less than 400 children of
school age from becoming separate and distinct districts, my number
would have increased three more.
The revision of the census of 1894 was a very laborious and
aggravating problem, but with careful watching and individual
investigation, I believe the final result was correct and satisfactory.
Even the revised census had to be adjusted, owing to annexations
and deductions of territory for the accommodation of sections remote
from school facilities.
The work has been enormous, and many days I have been unable
to devote an hour to clerical work, on account of the numerous
visitors seeking information and presenting grievances.
Many boards of education are desirous of enforcing the Compulsory
and Truant laws. A few have already done so, but in general the
law is not understood. If the department would issue rules for pro-
cedure and blank forms for service by such officers, the law would be
executed in a maj )rity of districts at once. No assistance of greater
value could be rendered than the preparation of such forms. The
law has been inoperative for the only reason that it is not known how
to operate it.
Office and Libraries.
Office. — Four cabinets filled with school work have been added
during the year, making eleven in all. Several bound books, relief
maps and water- colored pictures have increased the value of the room.
Sixteen life size portraits of poets, statesmen and patriots in beautiful
frames adorn the walls as an object-lesson in school decoration,
advocated in my Arbor day programme.
BERGEN COUNTY. 169
Pedagogical Library — This library now contains one thousand
volumes. The following reports from the several branches will
€xplain to what extent it has been used :
323 books read from the Hackensack branch,
119 books read from the Rutherford branch,
101 books read from the Ridgewood branch,
55 books read from the Eagle wood branch ;
showing an increase of 18 books over last year.
School Libraries. — Many districts did not receive their appropria-
tions for the year ending October Slst, 1894. The cause, I presume,
is due to the confusion in changing from district numbers to school
numbers, and the making of the applications so shortly after the
initiation of the new law.
However, 1,492 more books are in the county, and 31,125 are
reported as having been read, which is an increase over previous
figures of 2,734.
This appropriation should be increased to $15 if the district raises a
like sum, but allowing those districts raising a less amount the $10 as
heretofore.
Arbor Day. — Eighty-two of the eighty- five schools held exercises
in conformity with the official programme. Three were closed by
boards of health on account of contagious fevers. Sixty-six schools
used the day for exercises, with an attendance of 1,561. Sixteen
schools adopted the suggestion to use the evening for the literary
part, and the number present was 1,550. Forty-two speakers ad-
dressed the audiences, ninety- five assisted who were not enrolled, and
100 members of boards of education were present. Thirty-eight
schools visited woods, mountains and fields ; 111 trees were planted,
seventy flower beds were made, and vines, bushes and nuts were
planted.
One hundred and seventy-six dollars and seventy- five cents was
reported as receipts for pianos, flags, libraries, portraits and ap-
paratus, with 117 portraits already on the walls. Eighty-eight
trees were dedicated to various persons. Several schools exhibited
work, and the children in the Fort Lee schools were given refresh-
ments by the board of trustees.
Apportionment. — The present method of apportioning money is
the correct one. Giving $200 to each teacher employed is an incen-
tive to increase the corps in rural schools that enroll 50 or more,
and to reduce the classes in graded schools.
Progressive sections are already taking advantage of it, and con-
servative districts are studying the question.
The old law was unjust. The State Board of Education appor-
tions the 10 per cent, reserve fund to needy counties ; and then, to
170 SCHOOL REPORT.
allow $370 to districts having 45 children or more in the count7
apportionment, reduced the rate in the populous sections too much.
It did still greater harm by encouraging parsimony in townships
capable of raising a liberal tax.
The habit of carrying on their schools with the apportionment
only was so fixed that to break it seemed robbery to them. Franklin
township was an example of this kind, where nothing was ever voted
for teachers' salaries, fuel or incidentals.
Institute and Associations, — The annual institute wa=3 held in the
assembly room of the Hackensack High School, on Friday, Novem-
ber 2d. The day was beautiful and but six teachers were absent.
The programme was the best ever issued, and Dr. Winship, Dr.
Mowry and Dr. Green made telling addresses. I never before wit-
nessed such enthusiasm on the part of speakers and teachers.
Four meetings of the association were held, at which one specialist
was present, and the remaining time given to local talent. At the
meeting held March 30th, Principal Bamberger, of Carlstadt, gave a
class exercise in physical culture, which created much favorable
comment.
School Houses — The following new buildings are in course of
erection : Ridgefield township, at Leonia Heights, $5,000 ; Engle-
wood township, at Nordhoff, $6,000; Washington township, at
River Vale, $1,200; Ridgefield borough, $20,000
Tenafly borough enlarged its building at a cost of $3,000, and
other districts have improved their buildings.
Rutherford borough contemplates a new building for its grammar
and high school, to cost from $35,000 to $40,000.
Hasbrouck Heights asked for a $21,000 appropriation, but was
defeated. A mistake will be made if a smaller building than the
board of education asked for should be erected.
Annual Examination. — The annual examination was held on
Wednesday, Thursday and Friday of the first week in June. The
following represents the number successful in each grade:
245 for the fifth year's work,
176 for the sixth year's work,
163 for the seventh year's work,
82 for the eighth year's work,
85 for the ninth year's work.
This makes a total of 751, and an increase of 104 over last year.
A new course of study has been compiled for the future, for eight
years' work. I shall issue a diploma of special design to those finish-
ing the course, and may examine the sixth grade also.
I do not see any reason for deferring the recommendations of the
Committee of Fifteen. Its services are acknowledged to be the
BERGEN COUNTY. 171
greatest ever rendered to the cause of education, and why not execute
the verdict ? Procrastination is inexcusable and unwise.
Miscellaneous. — The graded school report makes provision for
reporting what normal schools and colleges teachers are from, but
the register report does not furnish this information for those teach-
ing in ungraded schools.
My visitations to the schools have not been in compliance with the
law, owing to the amount of clerical work and your instructions to
attend to that first. I have paid out $70 for assistance besides.
I could not visit my township boards of education, as my supplies
were not provided until after the schools were open. Nevertheless^
I convened the boards of the county twice, at Hackensack, for
explaining their duties as to revision of census, and for the adoption
of a course of study. The extra amount of printing and postage
took all the appropriation, and I have abandoned the habit of paying
these excesses out of my salary.
The township system is working all right, but it does not permit
the county superintendent to take any vacation. I anticipate the
consolidation of some of these boroughs after they realize the economy
and the advantages to be gained. I sincerely believe that many
regret ever having heard of that form of government.
In conclusion, I must again refer to statistics for defense of pre-
vious remarks with reference to high school work. Out of art
enrollment of 11,452, we find but 310 above the grammar school
grades. The relation is as follows : Primary, 67^ per cent. ; gram-
mar, 30 per cent. ; high school, 2| per cent. The number studying
high school subjects is decreasing, and if the grammar course was
made nine years, not over one per cent, would be left.
The day is near at hand when public sentiment will abolish high
schools, and demand greater attention to the lower grades. To give
preparatory education to a few, and no education to many,' is causing
much thought. The reason that " there is room at the top," is
because there is not enough room at the bottom.
172 SCHOOL REPORT.
BURLINGTON COUNTY.
Edgar Ha.as, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent:
Sir — I herewith respectfully submit my twentieth annual report
of the condition of the public schools of Burlington county, for the
school year ending June 30th, 1895.
School- Houses. — During the year little or nothing was done in the
way of building and repairs of school- houses. Beverly township
district added one room to its school-house, at a cost of about $1,500.
Now having three good-sized, well- furnished rooms, the township is
able to accommodate all the children in the district.
Next year Palmyra township district will build a new house, at a
cost of about $5,000, on the west side of the railroad, to accommodate
the children of some of the primary and intermediate departments
already crowded to overflowing. Bordentown city district will soon
enlarge the school building on Crosswicks street, raising it to three
stories, with four large rooms on a floor. The money voted for this
purpose was $8,000. It will be completed by the middle of October.
Length of School Year. — The average time the schools were kept
open during the year is nine months. While most of the schools
were kept open the required time of nine months, there were some
few that exceeded that time, and some few that fell short of it.
To be more particular with respect to those that fell much below
the nine months, it will be seen that the Shedaker School, No. 1, in
Burlington township district, was kept open but five months. It
would have been kept open the whole time had it not been for the
dispute between the districts, Burlington city and Burlington town-
ship, as to which of the two districts should pay the teacher, the
former having hired her previous to the operation of the Township
law. Notwithstanding the new law made it obligatory upon the new
district to assume all debts and contracts made for any school within
its boundaries, yet the new board refused to pay the teacher for the
first two months, whereupon she resigned her position, thus closing
the school. The dispute being finally settled the township district
secured a teacher for the remaining three months. The loss on this
Shedaker school reduced the average time for the district to eight
months.
BURLINGTON COUNTY. 17^
Timbuctoo School (colored), No. 1, in Westampton districf, was
kept open for 6.9 months, when it was closed for want of sufficient
attendance, thus reducing the time for the district to an average of
eight months.
Through the custom of the old district, No. 64, of dividing its
time between its two houses, No. 4, at Retreat, and No. 5, at Burr's
Mill, the former had but 5.8 months, and the latter but 4.8 months,
thus making the average time for the whole district of Southampton
to be 8.3 months.
Chairville and Oak Grove Schools, Nos. 4 and 5, in Medford town-
ship, kept their schools open but seven months each, on account of
the want of sufficient attendance, thus reducing the average time for
the district to 8.1 months.
Free Soil School, No. 2, in Shamong district, kept open but 6.5
months, because of the want of sufficient attendance, thus giving the
average time for the district to be 8.2 months.
The schools at Mount Relief, Johnson Place and Woodmansie,
Nos. 1, 2 and 3, respectively, were kept open 6.75, 6.25 and 7.5
months, respectively, thus making the average time for the district to
be 7.4 months.
The schools at Friendship and Washington, Washington district,,
were each, through want of attendance, kept open but seven months,
thus making the average time for the district to be 7.6 months.
Libraries. — Schools No. 1, of Riverton district, and No. 2, of
Willingboro, were the only ones that applied for and received library
aid, during the year — a very poor showing for a county containing
205 teachers. Every teacher in country and village schools should
be sufficiently interested in the matter to secure for his or her school
the State library aid yearly. If this were done, in a short time every
school would have a well stocked library exerting its influence for
good throughout the length and breadth of the district. From the
meagre reports received year after year, we must conclude that there
is a great indifference on the part of teachers to this important educa-
tional duty.
There ought to be a special book in every school library in which
to record the amount of moneys raised and expended, and for what
purpose ; the number of books bought, donated and lost ; the num-
ber taken out and read ; the value of the apparatus bought and on
hand — in fact, all the items that are asked for in the annual report.
It should be made obligatory upon teachers to keep a full record.
Then, from year to year, new teachers would not be in the dark as to
what had been done in previous years.
Teachers' Licenses. — The number of successful applicants for
county teachers' certificates, during the year, is as follows :
174 SCHOOL REPORT.
Males. Females.
Number of first grade certificates issued 9
Number of second grade issued 10 27
Number of third grade issued , 7 26
Number of special issued 2 1
Number of applicants rejected 10 52
There is a growing tendency on the part of young persons to apply
for provisional certificates — certificates that should never be granted.
The application is merely a subterfuge for installation as teacher in a
ooveted school. In very many cases, the next examination after the
issue of a provisional certificate finds its possessor wanting ; then, in
the very face of his proven incompetency, he importunes his county
superintendent to continue his license. To say the least, it is culpable
to grant provisional certificates to the untried and inexperienced, be-
cause it places them in a false position before the community in which
they may be employed. A special examination for a regular certifi-
cate would obviate all the trouble. Better still, another regular
examination in August would meet the urgent demands of all who
might apply for a school in the first part of the school year.
The certificates of those teaching during the year is as follows :
Number of State CertifiGates.
First grade 7
Second grade 28
Third grade 17
Number of County Certificates.
First grade 43
Second grade 74
Third grade 30
Provisional 6
Of the seven first grade State certificates held by the teachers, six
were received through an examination, and one through graduation
at the State Normal School ; of the twenty-eight second-grade State,
six were received through an examination, and twenty-two through
graduation at the State Normal School ; of the seventeen third- grade
State, two were through an examination, and fifteen through gradua-
tion at the State Normal School.
Arbor Day. — From the flattering reports received, we must con-
olude that the interest in this day is growing from year to year. The
people are beginning to welcome it with delight. Nearly every school
BURLINGTON COUNTY. 175
in the county had appropriate exercises. The general programme
issued by the county superintendent, adapted to indoor and outdoor
exercises, was carried out in every school, being varied and supple-
mented by the teacher as the taste and desire of the community and
the capacity of the pupils of the school seemed to demand. The time
is not far distant when every boy and girl in the country will be
interested in arboriculture.
Teachers' Institute. — It was held at the Court House at Mount
Holly, on the 14th, 15th and 16th days of November. The subjects
of the lectures were various and numerous, covering nearly the whole
field of pedagogical inquiry, and so well were they handled by the
instructors, one and all, that the teachers pronounced the institute one
of the best that we have had for years. There is considerable oppo-
sition to the holding of these institutes by certain people who hold
that it robs the school children of their school days and gives them
no equivalent for it. Perhaps the best way to avoid this opposition
would be the passage of a law to devote the $100 now used for
institutes to the maintenance of a county teachers' association, four
meetings to be held bi-monthly, on Saturday, at some central place
in the county. Should the county be too large for convenience of
attendance, there might be two branches held at suitable places. At
these meetings all the diflPerent questions relating to the theory and
practice of teaching could be discussed with much advantage to all.
This last year the time devoted to the work of the association was
chiefly occupied in pursuing the higher mathematics. From some
cause or other the young teachers fail to attend. It may be that they
know it all, and therefore do not consider attendance necessary. But
in the face of this, I find, when on my visits to their schools, that they
have much yet to learn.
Township Law. — At first there was much opposition to it; but
since it has been working for a year, a great deal of this opposition
has died out. One of the troubles is the convening of the board of
trustees. Very frequently, when business ought to be transacted, no
quorum is present. It is likely that at the next election for members
of the board the number will be reduced to five. While the official
instruction of the board regarding the business afiairs of the district
is carried out by the district clerk, the visiting of the schools is
scarcely cansidered, it baing generally left to the C3aaty superin-
tendent. The Free Text-book law was the greatest burden to be
borne. The people felt that, through the stone roads, the taxes were
already too high ; that they could not afford the free text- book.
However, all, with the exception of Burlington, Westhampton and
Shamong townships, voted the necessary money. It may be that in
the near future these three will fall into line with the rest, and vote
the needed amount for books and supplies.
There are some few districts that have not yet sent in descriptions
of their boundary lines.
176 SCHOOL REPORT.
There has been, as yet, but little done as to the rebating of the
property of consolidated districts. The operation of this law of
rebate was particularly dwelt upon at my last year's township
meetings.
I presume a circular of instruction regarding it will have to be
prepared for the assessors, collectors and boards of education.
My duties during the year were very arduous, yet pleasant. And
here let me thank all officers, from the highest down, for their kind-
ness and courtesy on all occasions.
CAMDEN COUNTY.
Charles S. Albertson, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
The year ending June 30th, 1895, has been an eventful one id
school affairs in Camden county. The Township law has revolution-
ized the public schools. They have advanced very much in the
estimation of the public and in their effectiveness. They feel the
strength of their new support — that they are, in fact, a part of a
great system.
The teachers feel that they occupy a more important position in the
community ; that the occupation of teacher has been elevated. They
are more observed, and therefore more anxious for success.
The results obtained in the schools are much better than under the
old system. The financial management is better. The new boards,
in many instances, found the school property needing repairs, and they
had the new Text-book law to introduce and enforce. All of this neces-
sarily added largely to the taxation, and occasioned some opposition
on the part of the taxpayers, who were under the impression that the
Township law was alone accountable for the increase in taxation. An
explanation generally satisfies them.
The enforcement of the Text-book law has removed one of the
greatest obstacles to the success of our rural schools.
All our townships and boroughs have voted liberal amounts for
text-books and supplies, and nearly all the schools have been fully
supplied.
Every school building in the county has its flag and flag-staff. A
great many of the school buildings have been substantially repaired
CAPE MAY COUNTY. 177
and painted. Additions and alterations have been made to severalj,
and new rooms have been opened and additional teachers employed,
A handsome, four-room building has been erected at Magnolia,
Centre township. This building is an ornament to the neighborhood,
and was built with a view to making it a central graded or high school
of the township. Delaware township has voted to build two new build-
ings, one of which is well under way.
Several boundaries have been adjusted in a manner to best accom-
modate the children living in the old "joint districts." The grade of
teachers employed continues to rise. We have more teachers with
the higher grade certificates than we have had before during my
superintendency.
The meetings of the " Camden County Teachers' Association " have
been regularly held. At these meetings we have had interesting dis-
cussions by teachers, and able lectures by eminent educators. The
association now has, in the hands of its treasurer, about $85 toward
a fund for the establishment of a pedagogical library.
An interesting county institute was held at Camden — Camden and
Gloucester cities taking part. The school authorities of the city of
Camden provided the handsome Opera House, and added much to
the erjoyment of the teachers by their cordiality and hoppitality
Our county pupils' examination was held, and a number of diplomaa
and certificates were granted.
Arbor day was observed by nearly all the schools with appropriate
exefcises and ceremonies.
The boards of education are mostly composed of representative
business men, many of whom have heretofore taken little or no
interest in school aifairs. In most instances the supervision of the
schools by the boards has been excellent, and the interests of both tax-
payers and patrons of the schools have been carefully guarded.
I believe that all the requirements of the law have been fulfilled,
and that the condition of the schools is good.
CAPE MAY COUNTY.
Vincent O. Miller, County Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — I herewith submit my report for the public schoole of
Cape May county.
Ihe meetings of the county teachers' association have been held
regularly, and have been well attended. These meetings are of great
12
178 SCHOOL REPORT.
value to the teachers. The free discussion of matters of interest in
school-room work has stimulated many teachers to stronger effort,
with correspondingly better results. The work of the schools during
the year has been very gratifying.
A union institute of Cumberland and Cape May counties was
held at Ocean City. The practical instruction given by Prof. Charles
S. Barnes, on the subject of "Attention," was the feature of the
institute.
The changes in school affairs incident to the induction of the town-
ship system caused much dissatisfaction, and in some instances bitter
opposition.
In the townships of Upper and Lower the appropriation deemed
necessary by the boards of education to supply the schools with free
text-books has been repeatedly refused by the people.
The schools of the county have been visited twice or oftener during
ithe year.
CUMBERLiND COUNTY.
John N. Glaspell, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — I herewith submit my annual report for the public schools
of Cumberland county.
The people of the different communities, as a rule, manifest much
interest in the work of the public schools and desire that the schools
of their own township shall stand as high as any in the county.
The working of the Township School law is giving general satisfac-
tion, and will, I believe, continue to grow in favor as its objects are
better understood.
With but one exception, the townships have raised money enough
to equip their schools with books and apparatus, and in most cases
have been quite liberal in the amounts appropriated for that purpose.
In the township referred to the opposition is, to a great extent, due to
dissatisfaction with the composition of the township board of trustees,
which trouble had its origin in the election held a year ago.
In another year the difficulty with which they are confronted will,
I trust, be removed and there will be harmony in that township, as
there is in the others.
ESSEX COUNTY. 179
During the short time that I have had to devote to visiting the
schools I found them in good working condition. In two of the
townships, Landis and Lawrence, the plan of having a central high
school has been carried out ; the principal of the central school giving
part of his time to the work of supervision in the schools of lower
grade. The results are very satisfactory.
Since my appointment I have established the township lines of
the school districts; in this work very little difficulty was expe-
rienced, owing to the fact my predecessor, Superintendent Hampton,
had placed in the hands of each district clerk a pamphlet giving
accurately the boundaries of each school district in the county ; this
was made the basis of almost all changes, and very little trouble or
■confusion resulted.
Nearly all the schools held appropriate Arbor day exercises, at
which a number of trees were planted and named.
The annual county examinations of pupils were held as usual, and
the results in most cases showed good work on the part of both
(teachers and pupils.
ESSEX COUNTY.
Elmer C. Sherman, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — The following review of the educational work of the year in
Essex county is submitted, to accompany my annual statistical report
forwarded herewith.
Effect of the Township Laro. — -While statistical reports are of great
value, and while their comparison often indicates some ^hat accurately
the progress made during a given year, it is true that the educational
progress of Essex county during the pa?t year is not best indicated by
statistics. Efficiency of administration, breadth of view by school
boards, and increased skill in class-room work are not best expressed
by figures. The most interesting points connected with our schools
during the year are the changes that have been caused by the Town-
ship School law ; and these changes, both in their already accomplished
results, and in their promises for the future, have been productive of
more real good to the efficiency of our schools than any previous five
years can show.
180 SCHOOL REPORT.
lown Superintendent. — It seems to me a logical result of the Town-
ship law that all the schools under control of the same board of
education should be placed by them in charge of one person as
supervising principal, in exactly the same way that all the depart-
ments of a single school have been put in charge of one personam
principal.
I am glad to say that such a plan has been adopted in most districts
of this county. The schools have thus been brought into closer rela-
tions with each other, with uniform text- books and course of study;
and the teachers of the smaller schools have had the advantage by
frequent teachers' meetings, and, by visits of the principal, of aid and
advice which they have never had before. In townships containing
at least one school of considerable siz?, with several outlying schools
having one or two teachers, the improvement of the latter occasioned
by such a system has been most marked.
Better Equipment for Small Schools. — In almost every district, too,
a result of the new law has been seen in better teachers and better
equipment for the smaller and weaker schools. A conscientious and
liberal board of education — and that is the kind that has been elected
almost universally — in administering the school afiPairs of a whole
township feels bound to treat all alike, and to give to the schools that
have been rated as poorer and smaller the same advantages enjoyed
and demanded by the larger schools. And so school-houses get the
repairs they so sadly need ; furniture, maps and charts are bought
that would, under the old system, have been deemed superfluous ; and
the children get the advantage of better- trained and better- paid teach-
ing, instead of being made the innocent victims of unskillful experi-
menting. I see all these results in a measure already, and I see a
tendency toward them all in a much greater degree everywhere.
But the advantage is not alone to the rural communities and to the
weaker schools. Small high schools, hardly supported by one of the
old districts, have been strengthened by having a larger area tributary,
and at only a slightly increased expense have been able to give
greater advantages to a greater number. It is impossible to observe
closely the effect of the changes caused in this county by the Township
law without being firmly convinced that its addition to our already
excellent school system makes it unsurpassed by that of any State in
the Union.
Free Text Books. — The law requiring text-books to be provided
free had been anticipated by many districts in this county, and text-
books had been provided free for several years before. In the
remaining districts the law was cheerfully complied with at once, as
far as possible. In a very few want of available resources compelled
the postponing of the purchase of a part of the books needed until the
next school year. In all such sufficient money was voted at the
annual school meeting, in March last, to complete the supplying of
text- books at the opening of another school year.
ESSEX COUNTY. 181
New School Buildings. — This county may well be proud of the new
school buildings erected during the past year. The new Washington
school in West Orange has been completed at a cost of $20,000 It
was first occupied in February. It stands in a commanding situa-
tion, and is architecturally a feature of the town. In its heating,
ventilating and- seating arrangements it is a model, and will well
repay a visit by anyone. Millburn believes in doing things with
thoroughness when she sets about it, and therefore when it was de-
cided that new buildings were needed the town was bonded for
^t2,000 to provide three. A handsome little primary school has
already been completed at Wyoming ; and the grammar school at
Millburn and the high school at Short Hills will be occupied in Sep-
tember. Irvington has erected a two-room brick primary school. The
old school-house at Soho, in Belleville — a relic of past ages — has seen
its last days, and school will be opened in September in a fine brick
building costing $8,000, likely to supply the demand for school
accommodations in that community for some years to *come. It is
gratifying to note that in these six buildings, costing in the aggregate
nearly $80,000, the greatest care has been taken to provide pure air,
proper light, plenty of room and conditions conducive to cleanliness
and health. Whatever architectural science has been able to provide
in these lines has been utilized.
Trained Teachers. — Of the 284 teachers reported as having been
employed during the year, 191, or 67 per cent., are graduates of col-
leges and normal schools, or of other institutions fitting them for
their especial work. Of these, 42 are graduates of our own State
Normal School. I am glad to note a growing sentiment in favor of
employing only trained teachers. In four of the most influential dis-
tricts a rule has been passed that, in employing new teachers, only
those trained for the work should be considered. In several other
districts this is an unwritten law. My efforts will certainly be ex-
erted toward making such a rule universal in the county. It is
gradually being understood, also, by boards of education, that New
Jersey supports a first-class normal school of its own, and I hope to
see the ranks of our teachers recruited more and more from its
graduates.
School Libraries. — I stated to a meeting of teachers last fall that
$1,000 ought to be expended for school libraries in the county during
the year. The result shows that I underestimated the energy of the
teachers. The amount of $1,268.89 was raised in the districts for
this purpose — largely through the personal efforts of the teachers.
Three hundred and forty dollars received from the State gave the
sum of $1,608.89 available for this purpose. This money has not
all been expended, but 1,524 volumes were purchased. These are
distributed among thirty-five of the fifty-two school-houses. They
are being used by the teachers in most districts, with much success,
<to supplement the regular text-book work. In some districts these
182 SCHOOL REPORT.
are the only libraries available, and they go into the homes and
become a source of much good to the community.
Pedagogical Library. — Taking advantage of the provisions of the
law by which the State assists the teachers of any county desiring to
establish and maintain a pedagogical library, our teachers last year
raised $100 to establish such a library and $50 additional for its
extension. The county has been divided into five divisions, with a
branch library in each. The location of these, with the number of
books, is as follows: No. 1, Irvington, 50 volumes; No. 2, South
Orange, 63 volumes; No. 3, East Orange, 165 volumes; No. 4,
Montclair, 68 volumes ; No. 5, Nutley, 28 volumes, making a total
of 374 volumes. The management is in the hands of a committee
consisting of the county superintendent and five principals, and such
regulations have been made for its use as will make it as easy as
possible for teachers to exchange books. It is confidently expected
that the establishment of this library will conduce to the more
general study of educational books by our teachers, and will result ii»
greater power and more thoughtful work by each individual.
Teachers' Examination. — A great many earnest, efficient teachers
complain that the work necessary to be done in order to prepare for a»
examination for teachers' certificate bears no relation to their school
work, and that the time spent is wasted, so far as improving themselves
is concerned. This complaint is made generally by primary teachers^
who do not teach such subjects as technical grammar, advanced arith-
metic and bookkeeping. If the examinations could be made more
pedagogical in character, and could relate more closely to the particular
grade of work each candidate is engaged in, so that primary certificates,
grammar certificates and high school certificates should be issued, I
believe the examinations would be much better tests of competency.
Such a plan, too, could compel better preparation, and would raise the
grade of the teachers.
Special Days. — Arbor day was generally observed in our schools
by appropriate exercises. Thanksgiving, Decoration day and Wash-
ton's birthday were observed with patriotic exercises appropriate ta
the special occasions. All of our schools close from one to three
weeks before the Fourth of July, so that no special observance of
that day is possible.
Teachers' Association. — The County Teachers' Association, which
was abandoned some years ago, was revived during the year upon a
somewhat different plan from the old one, and three interesting and
profitable meetings were held. The aim of the association is to bring
about an interchange of opinion among our own members rather than
to listen to stt speeches or papers from others.
Conclusion. — We have an unusually skillful and earnest body of
teachers in Essex county. Many of them are, in addition to their
school work, pursuing lines of study to fit them still better for the
work of teaching. Most of them are thoroughly alive to keep
GLOUCESTER COUNTY. 183
informed of what the leaders in education are judging to be best in
courses and methods, and to appropriate it to themselves. Thus, I
have seen during the past year in several schools some results in ver-
tical writing that are remarkable. Systematic work in nature study
has been undertaken by some teachers, independently and incorporated
into several systems with great success. More than one teacher has
taken up the fascinating work of child study, and is on the way to
a better and more intelligent handling of the children over whom she
is placed. There are still many things desirable to reach, but I believe
we are moving forward, and that in many ways the year has been one
of marked progress.
GLOUCESTER COUNTY.
W. H. Eldridge, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — I have the honor to submit you my fourth annual report.
Our schools are still making progress in advancing the educational
interests of our county.
The " Township act " has done much to promote thought among
the people about our schools. It has already given us better work
from trustees and teachers. There is a better knowledge of school
work in the present boards of education than was ever found in the
old boards of three members, under the old system. The new law
has done much toward better houses, increased facilities for school
work, better teachers and higher salaries. Under it ten out of the
seventeen school districts in this county have adopted the township
graded system in whole or in part. Clayton, Glassboro, Greenwich,
Harrison, Monroe, Wenonah, Woodbury and Woolwich districts
have established a high school department, to which all pupils, after
reaching a certain grade, must go.
One new building and improvements in a number of old ones will
soon be completed, brought about by the change in district lines and
the graded system.
There is one thing, however, that most of the boards of education
of this county fail to give, and that is proper attention to the sanitary
condition of the school properties under their care, as regards venti-
lation and cleanliness. It seems to me that too little thought is
184 SCHOOL REPORT.
given to a healthy condition of our schools. I feel that the law
requiring pure air and neatness for our boys and girls must be more
rigidly enforced.
AH the boards of education are furnishing text- books and supplies
to all pupils. This adds greitly to the success of our school work,
and relieves a certain class of parents of a burden.
Nothing speaks more plainly of the interest shown in our school
than the increased liberality of the voters. At the annual meetings
in March last, $41,000 was voted against $32,000 the year previous.
There is one drawback, ho vever, to the complete success of the work-
ing of some boards of education, and that is a failure at times to
have a quorum present at a regularly- called meeting.
Most of the teachers of the county improve in their work from
year to year. They are interested in everything tending to make
them stronger and give them better methods. They freely contribute
to the support of our teachers' gatherings, of which we had three
the past year, with 90 per cent, of the teachers present at each.
We have employed in the county for nine months or more of the
school year 124 teachers.
Seven hold first-grade State certificates ; 20 hold second grade State
certificates ; 10 hold third-grade State certificates ; 20 hold first-grade
county certificates; 53 hold second-grade county certificates; 14 hold
third grade county certificates.
Thirty-one of the whole number are normal graduates; 29 from
the New Jersey State Normal School, and 2 from Pennsylvania.
Our annual institute was a great success. The teachers were much
pleased with the instructors and the class of work presented them.
However, I think if our programmes were not quite so full and our
instructors given more time on a few subjects, our institutes would be
of more profit. There seems to be so much ground to cover in the
two or three days of institute work, and the teachers kept so close to
the work, that they grow tired and listless, and before the close of
each day, many are unable to control their thoughts and follow the
instructors. I am proud to have it to say that Gloucester county
stands second on the list of counties in the membership of our State
Teachers' Association.
Three teachers' examinations have been held as the law directs,
and the reports of certificates granted sent to your office. These
examinations were well attended, yet but few of the applicants
received certificates.
Appropriate exercises were given by most of the schools on Arbor
-day. A number of trees were planted, and a few teachers kept a
part of the day in the woods with their pupils.
HUDSON COUNTY. 185
HUDSON COUNTY.
Geoege C. Houghton, Superintendekt.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — In transmittiDg my tenth annual report I take great
ipleasure in mentioning the fact that the county educational advance-
ment has not been less certain than it was in the preceding year.
The teaching corps has been largely increased and the average of
ability has been raised. This is due not alone to the incentive given
by tbe new law, which provided $200 toward the salary of every
teacher, but quite as much to the demands of the growing population
and the liberal views and interest of the several boards of the town-
ships. With hardly an exception the increase in membership in the
boards of education has materially broadened school thought and
work. Possibly the broadening has borne more toward objective
methods and elementary instruction rather than a multiplicity of
text- books and secondary education. As necessary as high schools
may be, it would seem to be unwiee in such a county as this to
attempt the support of one in every district. Five high schools in
Hudson county can be fairly well supplied with pupils and adequate
instructors, and contiguous di&tricts could combine in the support of
a strong high school district. But school boards have only begun to
appreciate the claims of real and thorough elementary teaching which
will carry the scholars among our pupils into a secondary school.
Arbor Day. — As is customary in the schools of this county, there
was a very rational observance of Arbor day in every district. Not
more than twenty-five trees were planted, because our school grounds
are beginning already to assume the appearance of a forest. Vines
and flower beds were numerously set, particularly in Harrison, Kearny,
Union Hill, West Hoboken and West New York. The school
rooms are, many of them, permanently graced with portraits of
Columbus, Washington, Longfellow, Holmes, &c., and in some cases
large paintings and engravings of battles and other scenes connected
with the late war.
Special Mention. — North Bergen deserves special commendation for
the advancement made during the past year. The two new school
ihouses in Secaucus and East New Durham are good substantial brick
186 SCHOOL REPORT.
buildings in districts that have for many years housed their pupils m
cramped and badly- ventilated old wooden structures. The growth in
these two sections has been phenomenal, and the necessity of meeting
this growth in the future, as well as the present, has not escaped the
consideration of the trustees ; ample opportunity has been provided
for an enlargement of the new buildings as soon as enlargement is
needed. I hoped that ventilation would receive more attention than
it has, although better ventilation has certainly been secured. In the
school work Mr. Husted, in Secaucus, has fulfilled the anticipations
of the trustees in an every-day work. I am particularly pleased with
his language lessons and his methods in history. Mr. Phelan has been
transferred to the Homestead district, and will, no doubt, find that school
one in which his special work will have more scope, although the district
which he leaves has been under his instruction for twenty- five years^
and the pupils of last year were the children of his former pupils^
and changes of this nature cannot be made without drawbacks, yet
the trustees have thought the transfer a wise and suitable one, and the
year's experience will probably prove it to be so. The East New
Durham school has been placed under the charge of Mr. J. C. Allen^
formerly of the Homestead school, where he has been working with
much success. Two results of his last year's work were particularly
gratifying to me : the introduction of kindergarten work, with Miss
Sarah McConnell's assistance, and the placing of a fairly good library
of well selected books for the pupils supplementary reading. Mr..
James Phelan, who was his predecessor in East New Durham, bore
alone the burden and heat of many years in an old one-story frame
building, which was probably a great boon to the comparatively few
children in that district a quarter of a century ago. Mr. Phelan,.
during the past four years, has had for an assistant Miss Louise M.
Havens, of whom he writes me, that "a more faithful, energetic, hard-
working and successful young teacher could not easily be found," and
I can add my own observation of her work that he is quite right-
He added calisthenics to his curriculum, and I have found their work
to be quite equal to the average first year's work. His successor, Mr.
Allen, will have the advantage of the new four-roomed school and
three assistants.
Bull's Ferry school will no doubt feel the "booming" of real
estate in that neighborhood, and Mr. Horton and Miss Tuohy will
probably need another teacher. It is interesting to note that their
A grade (eighth year) had but three pupils who were " creditably
graduated " at the close of the year. One-third of the class
has, since graduation, successfully entered the Hoboken high school,
and another third has, also successfully, passed the examination
and entered the Stevens' Institute school, and the remaining
third is continuing its studies under Dr. Horton with gratifying
promise of the future. At Granton, Mis3 Carmody is laboring in a
most difficult district, but with an admirable method. One of her
HUDSON COUNIY. 187
excellent customs is to take her pupils out to the fields or in the
woods for a " recess," and lead them to romp into a deal of practical
knowledge in the science of things familiar to their daily experience.
I commend her method to other schools where such opportunities
are offered. Mr. Roberson and Mr. Murphy, in this same township^
have followed up their former successful years, and the high school
class in Mr. Murphy's school is a credit to the township. Neces-
sarily small in membership, they no doubt Jack the added incentive
of large numbers, but they reap the advantage of having, individ-
ually, the more thorough instruction. Nine-tenths of the former
year's grammar graduates entered last year's higher course. Mr»
Roberson gave a great deal of attention last year to the primary
grades, introducing color lessons, paper folding, stick laying and
card sewing, and what is more to the purpose, at the close of the year
it was very manifest that the work of the primary grades had been
greatly advanced. Mr. Roberson has introduced a " reform " in at
least one respect in his grammar grades. He will not allow his classes
to sacrifice the time allotted to study or recitation in a preparation
for Christmas and other school entertainments. His pupils are
obliged to draw on their requirements during the year for all extra-
ordinary occasions. I commend this " reform " to both county and
city schools. There are certain weeks in the year that I have always
" black- listed " for visiting schools, because I have found so many
(city as well as county) schools absorbed during these weeks in the
" boy " and " burning deck " entanglements. My own experience as
a school teacher has helped me to understand the alluring temptation
of that sort of thing ; but it is, in my opinion, far more detrimental to
the school work than helpful to the popularity of the school or
teachers. If it must be done, let it be done on the lines of Mr.
Roberson's reform, and it will be an examination in the reading and
declamation of the term or year.
In Union Hill the schools are never down to an " average. " I am
always certain that Mr. Ortel will be fully supported by the board
of education in his steady annual progressive work. Something
important for the education of the whole boy and the whole girl is-
sure to be added to the curriculum at the beginning of every year, and
as music was last year made a phenomenal feature, this year physical
culture is introduced on a footing which is both admirable and liberal.
I append a special report from this district.
In the township of Weehawken there is demand made for a second
school building, owing to the distance from the school- house of the
residences of a large portion of the pupils. This difficulty is partly^
overcome by the trustees ; they pay for thecDuveyance of the children
to the school. The population is more rapidly increasing in the upper
portion of this district, and another school- house will probably be built
in the near future. Weehawken has always been a liberal school
district.
188 SCHOOL REPORT.
Gattenburg has labored under great difficulties during the past two
years. I hope that there may be some happy outcome in store for
them.
In the township of Union there is a considerable amount of good
work done in the two schools. Their graded course is smoother, the
kindergarten department is very fully equipped, and their training in
physical culture, study of vocal music, plants and minerals, in all
grades, are showing in their results careful instruction. Mr. Van
Sickle has been placed in charge of both schools (West New York and
North Weehawken), and Mr. Robbins, principal of the North Wee-
hawken school, is in perfect harmony with his methods. In the town
of West Hoboken the population is rapidly increasing and Mr. Waters,
supervising principal, fiads himself now in charge of three good
schools ; and another school building is soon to be added to meet the
demands of the district. I append a special report of West Hoboken.
Harrison, too, is steadily growing. The two schools are to- day as
crowded as the one school was three years ago. There is a good corps
of teachers in each school, and pupils who graduate in Harrison find
ready admission to the Newark high school. Mr. Prendergast has
been in charge of the No. 2 school but a short time, but was associ-
ated with Mr. Dwyer for many years in School No. 1. The latter
has been in charge of the Washington street school for twenty-three
years, and the principal business men of Harrison have been his
pupils. There is an evenness about the work of both schools, and
some of the higher branches have been added to the curriculum.
Many of the classes are overcrowded, and more teachers will be
required.
In Kearny there have been some changes made. A new school
(No. 5) has been opened in Arlington and placed in charge of Mr.
Gerald Gjrdon, who comes to the county with specially strong com-
mendation, and his work already gives excellent promise. In School
No. 2, Mr. Edwin Morgan has succeeded Mr. Balcom, and in No. 4
and the high school, Mr. M. H. Kinsley has succeeded Mr. John
Keynton, who has been captured by one of the large publishing
houses of New York, which offered him a tempting salary to fill a
very important post. Mr. Kinsley has also been appointed superin-
tendent of the Kearny schools, and his fitness for the dual position
has manifested itself at once. He has added a library of 250 judi-
ciously-chosen books, adopted the rational method of reading and
vertical penmanship in the primary grades, and has made many
transfers of classes, the result of which is that the distribution is more
even and the grading improved. Mr. Kinsley has also systematized
the music and drawing departments. The new borough of East .
Newark has relieved the crowded condition of Mr. Morgan's school.
The new Arlington school building is of brick, with eight class-
rooms and two large corridors. It is steam heated, and has the
Fuller & Warren system of closets. Kearny, with its five schools,
HUDSON COUNTY. 18»
thirty-five teachers and 1,955 pupils, fills an important position in
Hudson county. There are but five members of the board of educa-
tion, but they are men of broad views as to our school system, and I
look for progressive advancement in the township.
Manual Training. — In Union Hill the classes in manual training
long since reached that stage when educational work was the standard.
It has been, apparently, a necessity in communities where the support
of manual training depends upon the humor of those who make up
the budget of taxes for the year to introduce, very largely, the orna-
mental and " useful " in the several departments of industrial education.
This practice no doubt had its effect in securing an appropriation.
Manual training has gone beyond that lower plane in which it wa»
thought to bean " accomplishment, " at least in Union Hill, and it has
reached its proper level where it no longer feels its way, but is justly
recognized as one of the important factors in the elementary school,
and this, too, because it is rudimentary and not project work, which m
the true sphere of manual instruction in our system of education.
In Hoboken this has been the principle upon which the work has
also been carried on for many years. It has its drawbacks, as I have
said, in a community where the " accomplishment" idea has taken root^
not alone because some one that has a voice and vote in making the ap-
propriation, and would be better pleased if he saw a bit of ornamental
or " useful " work that Tommy or Bessie bad done in school, but also,
on the other hand, because some one else, who has a voice and vote, be-
lieves that such " accomplishments " should not be paid for out of the
public funds ! When the community recognizes the fact that manual
training, as a study, is as important as geography and arithmetic, &c.,
and, withal, a most helpful adjunct to these studies, and that the notion
of " fad " and " accomplishments " has no place in industrial educa-
tion, then it is that tax commissioners vie with each other in their liberal
support of this branch of our educational system.
Hudson county will, in the near future, come to regard manual
training in its true light, and its insignificant cost will have its share
in accomplishing this end.
Music. — Last year I referred to the subject of music in our schools,
and I had occasion to mention instances in my county of principals
of schools who knew nothing whatever of the science of music, fully
preparingthemselves, in a comparatively short time to teach their pupils,
and when I made my official visits, adopting my line of examining
a class in sight-reading, exhibited, to my surprise and appro-
bation, a remarkable proficiency in their pupils' progress. Examples
of this kind may well be followed. It seems to me most fitting that
music should enter into the educational system of the State in much
the same way that other studies do, and I believe that it is as im-
portant as drawing or botany or mineralogy or arboriculture. I do
not for one moment doubt but that every child can become to a degree
proficient in the study of music, vocal or instrumental, or both, and
190 SCHOOL REPORT.
that we owe them the debt to teach them to read music as readily as
they can read the English language. We are ever affirming that
^' the whole boy and girl should be put to school " — why should we
not put their inborn musical soul to school ? You will remember
that I invited Dr. Damrosch to address our teachers at the last insti-
tute on this subject, but he was unable to come at that time. He
wrote me, however, very strongly commending the ideas expressed in
my letter. I believe that there are many Damrosches and Pattis and
Campaninis among our school children, who will never be discov-
€red, never find their bent, unless our public schools take up the
study of music as they now study grammar or etymology. It is
done in other countries; why not here? Why should we not use at
least such portions of the school hours as are now given in some of
the schools to the screaming farce of " school- room songs," with
which visitors are entertained in the occasional assembly, to the sys-
tematic study of sight-reading? If it is done we shall educate our
children, who will be " the nation," to be not only lovers of music,
but themselves musicians. I am glad to report that this subject is
now receiving some attention in this county, and I hope to report
greater progress by the end of the year. It is within the ability of
every principal of a school to master the art of music sufficiently to
instruct his pupils correctly, and it will be best that he should be the
instructor, but, if not, then let there be an intelligent and competent
teacher appointed. I remember being present in a church during the
late war, listening to a " war sermon." After the sermon the organist
played "Yankee Doodle," to the amazement of the congregation and
the evident satisfaction of the minister ! When an indignant vestry-
man spoke to the clergyman about it the next day the pastor was
himself amazed ! Being absolutely ignorant of music, he thought
that he had listened to some dignified selection from Mozart ! He
immediately employed a teacher, and acquired sufficient musical
ability to severely criticize his organist in all future time ; and yet he
was upwards of fifty years of age.
Examinations. — During the year we have had but 128 applications
for teachers' certificates. Some of our boards are appointing either
New Jersey or other State normal graduates, to the exclusion of non-
graduates, and the effect of this action is to cut down, necessarily, the
number of applicants for county certificates. There have been in-
tending applicants who, having been sufficiently discouraged, have
gone into business. They have successfully passed their grammar
and high school examinations, but could not affjrd the expense of
going to Trenton and living there for the length of time required to
graduate, and, therefore, reluctantly gave up their intention of fur-
ther pursuing their studies. Of the 77 who were certified, 11 were
of the first grade, 33 of the second grade, and 33 of the third grade.
We have 165 teachers, outside of the cities, and of these 11 have
first grade, 15 have second-grade and 5 have third-grade State certifi-
HUDSON COUNTY. 191
cates — 31 in all. Of those who have county certificates, there are 55
of the first grade, 61 of the second grade and but 18 of the third
grade. We have 19 male teachers, and there are 4 college graduates.
Progress — There has been a great change in the teaching corps
since I made my first annual report. We have now, as I have
already said, 165 teachers in the county schools. In the same schools
we had, at the time I received my first appointment, 65 teachers, one-
third of the present number. The school census outside of cities was
then 9,355 children, and it is now 16,525. We have a teacher to
every 100 children residing in the county districts; we had, ten
years ago, a teacher to every 170 children residing in the district.
There was a teacher appointed then for every 84 children enrolled.
We have now a teacher appointed for every 67 children enrolled. It
is a fact worth noting that in the three cities of the county, ten years
ago, there was a teacher to every 59 pupils enrolled ; and this year
there is a teacher to every 54 pupils enrolled ; an improvement, and
yet only 29 per cent, of the improvement, in the same length of time,
made in the county districts. The same may be said of the number
of teachers who have State certificates. In 1884 there were 32 State
certificates in the cities and 8 in the county districts. This year we
have 32 in the county districts and 64 in the cities. The cities have
doubled their number, the county districts have quadrupled theirs.
In these ten years Hudson has trebled her first-grade county licenses,
doubled her second grade, and halved her third grade. There has
been a gratifying progress in every department of the county work.
The percentage of enrollment on the census of the county districts has
advanced from 45 to 67J, and the percentage of daily attendance on
enrollment has risen from 82 to 88 i^. In salaries paid to teachers in
the county districts there has been an increase over last year ; to male
teachers the increase is $12.14, and to female teachers $6.31 per
month. I make these comparisons in the districts outside of cities,
because very often this side of the county report is overlooked or lost
in the totals of the county, and yet there S3ems to me to be much
encouragement in these figures and statements, even though there be
much room for advancement in this as in other portions of work
accomplished.
School Buildings. — In the past years we have been hampered in
the county districts by many poor buildings. The " good enough for
us, good enough for our children" idea kept back needed improve-
ments. The county has been aroused from this lethargy during the
past ten years, and has taken rapid strides of late. There are very
excellent buildings now in every township but one — Guttenberg —
and when they can agree upon the " grammar of their theories " in
Guttenberg, I presume that there will be a suitable school house
built there, and we shall have fairly good buildings throughout the
county. The four latest schools are at Secaucus, East New Durham,
West Hoboken and Arlington, with the prospect of additional fine
192 SCHOOL REPORT.
buildings on Weehawken Heights and in West Hoboken by Septem-
ber, 1896.
Institute. — I shall be glad if our next institute can take shape in a
series of " model classes." Our various teachers' associations cover
the ground hitherto covered by institutes, and I can see in what I
may call an annual model school system (possibly not without draw-
backs) some practical advantage.
/ OJioial Visits. — During the year I have visited the schools of the
county much oftener than the law requires, but not ofteoer than the
^ official work of superintendent demands. The duties devolving upon
the superintendent in Hudson are not only daily, but hourly ; not
only by day, but by night as well. My office is easy of access. I
am in harness six days in the week, and for conscience sake have,
been obliged, over and over again, to exempt one day in the seven.?
It may be that this constant application has laid the foundation for
some of the progress that has been made in the county, and, also, its
own share in the smoothness and harmony that is certainly pervading
the Hudson county schools. But I am glad to give the chief credit
to the capable and interested boards of education and their excellent
selections of principals and instructors.
I append special reports from the Town of Union and West
Hoboken.
HUNTERDON COUNTY.
E. M. Heath, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent:
Dear Sir — As supplementary to my statistical report, I beg to
present, briefly, my annual report of the condition of the public
schools of Hunterdon county, ending June 30th, 1895. In com-
paring the summary of last year's report with that of this year, I find
encouraging evidence of progress. The census reports for the two
years are nearly the same, but there is a gain in the time that the
schools were kept open, in the enrollment of pupils and in the aver-
age attendance. The condition of the school buildings of the county
is quite fair, although a few of them will soon need replacing with
new ones. By the aid of the new School law, the location of new
school buildings can be very much bettered. The year's school work
HUNTERDON COUNTY. 193
is done, and as I look over it I can truly say, I am glad it is so well
done. Arbor day was very generally observed. The appointing of
this day was a happy thought. Where once the fierce eun's lays held
undisputed sway, we now have the grateful coolness of the shade tree.
The teachers' institute, held November 26tb, 27th, and 28tb, was
very largely attended by our teachers. By many this institute was
considered the best one ever held in the county.
The New School Lmo. — The new Township School law has had a
struggle in Hunterdon county. At first it was received with very
general marks of disapproval. People did not fully understand it,
and it was looked upon as something of a violation of the principle
of local self government. This opposition was mostly honest; and
honest differences of opinion are always entitled to respect. But J
am happy to say that a year's experience has removed much of the-
feeling against the new law, and to believe that our people will soon-
be practically a unit in its favor. While it still has some weak
points, it has many admirable features which, if properly carried outy
cannot fail to show a great improvement upon the old system ; and it
is only fair to assume that it will work better as the people become
better acquainted with it, as they come more fully to realize the
reforms which it was designed to effect, and which, with their united
efforts, it is certain to secure.
The Free Text- book law has been differently received in different
localities. In some, it was at once welcomed with open arms ; in
others, it met violent opposition. Several townships held three or four
meetings each before any appropriation could be secured ; and I am
sorry to report that Kingwood township still refuses to comply with
the law, thus compelling the authorities to withhold the State money.
It is to be hoped that wiser counsels will yet prevail. It is a great
pity that the children should suffer through failure to open the
schools. The cost of text- books is very small in comparison with
the incalculable loss entailed upon any community that fails to keep
its schools open and its children in the schools. I believe that the
entire new system, including free textbooks, is rapidly growing in
favor, and that the day is not far distant when the people could not
be induced to return to the old way.
13
194 SCHOOL REPORT.
MERCER COUNTY.
John S. Van Dike, Supeeintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — In addition to the statistical report of the condition of the
schools of this county, I beg leave to submit the following comments
upon the school work for the year ending June 30th, 1895 :
The most important subjects of remark are the " Township act "
and the " Free Text-book law." As might have been anticipated,
the former, being so sweeping in its character, caused much appre-
hension among the people. But I am pleased to say, that after a
trial of but one year, opposition has almost entirely ceased, and I feel
the same assurance which I have felt from the time of its passage,
that all will, in a very short time, hail this step as one of great
advance in the cause of common school education. In fact, the
greater part of the hostility to this act resulted from the persistence
of the people in coupling with it the Text-book law. The latter,
because of the special tax which it rendered necessary, aroused con-
siderable, and in some cases determined, resistance. However, I was
pleased to find that all the districts except one raised the text-book
fund without any great delay. The one recalcitrant finally made the
necessary provision at the annual meeting of this year. So that,
from this time, I believe that all contention against these laws will
rapidly disappear. The good results are already apparent.
A very fine building was erected at Hightstown, at a cost of
$12,000, being completed and occupied early in the school year.
Such a fine building, so well equipped, reflects great credit upon this
district, and upon those faithful officials whose persistent efforts
secured its erection. A very suitable building wa? also erected and
fitted with new furniture, at Rysedale, in Lawrence township. With
a very few exceptions, the school buildings of the county are now in
good condition.
Arbor day was observed in the schools, and in additon to planting
trees and shrubbery, literary exercises were held in many.
The annual teachers' institute was unavoidably omitted.
The regular teachers' examinations were held at the stated times.
The examiners were Professor W. H. Brace, Ph.D., Professor J. D.
Gray and Mr. J. B, Lynch. Thirteen second-grade and twenty-
MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 195
seven third- grade certificates were issued. The effect of the new
requirements in these examinations was very marked. The character
of the work handed in proves the wisdom of demanding that appli-
cants must advance.
A number of school libraries have been founded during the year,
and additions have been made to many. Interest in this important
feature of school work is increasing, but a great difficulty is to secure
a proper selection of books for these libraries. The aim ought to be,
not only to select such books as the pupils should read, but also to
select such books as the pupils will read. What we want is to incul-
cate the reading habit, and if, while doing this, we have implanted a
taste for good literature, we have done the pupil a great service.
I regret to say that delay in conforming to the Text-book law
practically shortened the school year in several districts, and dimin-
ished the amount of work which should have been accomplished, but
I trust that in the coming year we will recoup this loss through our
improved equipment.
MIDDLESEX COUNTY.
H. Brewster Willis, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Sir — In compliance with the law of this State, I kave the honor
to present, in addition to the statistical, a written report of the work-
ings of the public schools of Middlesex county for the year ending
June 30th, a. d. 1895.
In the last annual report no reference whatever was made to the
introduction of the township system, preferring to test the new law
before expressing an opinion.
The township system has long been recognized by the leading edu-
cators of this country as the ideal system ; yet experience has shown
that, while its introduction permanently benefits large territories, it
nevertheless temporarily depresses, embarrasses and disorders a few
localities.
Among the few sections embarrassed and disordered to an unhappy
degree was that of Middlesex. The introduction of this system
divided and broke up not less than twenty-five of its organized school
districts.
196 SCHOOL REPORT.
This condition of things has made the past year one of laborious
work on the part of all school officials. It is doubtful whether any
section of the State manift sted stronger opposition to the new system^
by reason of the hardships it would entail, than Middlesex county^
as was evidenced by public statements, newspaper articles and peti-
tions to the Legislature to repeal the act known as the Township act.
However, the cloudy season is fast passing away, and the calmer
light of experience is daily revealing the superiority of the township-
system.
There are fifteen school districts in Middlesex, all of which, I take
pleasure in reporting, have complied with the present School law.
The amendments to the School law passed last winter by our
Legislature did much to alleviate our peculiar hardships. For the
coming school year the county has ordered raised by special assess-
ment, among other sums, for other purposes, -$12,000 for free text-
books, $17,000 for school furnishing and repairing, and the sum of
$25,000 for teachers' salaries, authorizing a total assessment, in
addition to the State school moneys, of more than $60,000.
These figures, when compartd with the most liberal assessment
under the old district school system, show a great advance, and
clearly indicate a growing appreciation of our present school system.
Generally, Middlesex county is in full sympathy with all move-
ments and measures for the betterment of its public schools, and
notwithstanding the introduction of the township system penetrated
to the very quick of our school organizations, still she may be relied
upon to respond cheerfully and liberally to every call in the line of
educational advancement.
After observing carefully for over a year the practical workings of
the township school system, under rather extraordinary circumstances,
I have no hesitancy in stating that to my mind the workings have a
tendency (together with the present plan of distribution of public
school moneys) to liberalize and broaden school officials and tax-
payers generally, improve school property, dignify school transactions,
encourage better school records, strengthen department work, increase
school accommodations, secure additional teachers, divide departments
and advantageously adjust the teaching force in such a manner as ta
best supply the varied needs of the district. This change in the
fundamental school law of our State was a prodigious undertaking.
Too much praise cannot be given to the splendid courage and inde-
fatigable labors of our State Department of Public Instruction in
bringing about this great reform.
New Schools. — The manufacturing section on the Raritan river,
known as Keasbey's Landing, in Woodbridge township, has long
been in want of better school accommodations, being some distance
from any public school. The board of education of the township of
Woodbridge has accepted the generous offer of the Raritan Hollow
and Porous Brick Company, donating a lot on which to erect a new
MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 197
school baildiag. At present, two room? are used for school purposes.
In the near future a suitable school building will be erected, which
will add much to this prosperous section.
The legal voters of the township of North Brunswick refused at
their last annual meeting to order assessed the sum of $1,300 for
for the erection of a school- house at Livingston Park.
Soon after the refusal, at the suggestion of the county superin-
tendent, several public meetings were held in the locality in which
the school was desired.
U: As a result of these meetings, the citizans of Livingston Park have
■erected a very suitable school building on a desirable lot, at their own
personal cost and expense, and deeded the same to the board of edu-
cation of North Brunswick township for the sum of one dollar.
This public reproof to the legal voters for their failure to help
those who were in need, by reason of a hardship imposed by the
township system, is an indication of the high appreciation that the
citizens of Livingston Park have for educational facilities.
This school-house will stand as an educational monument to Mr.
<jreorge Metier, Alonzo Van Dusen and others, who contributed of
their time and substance to place school accommodations within a rea-
sonable distance of the little ones.
Teachers^ Institute. — The institute was held in the Livingston
Avenue High School building, December 20 Lh and 2 1st. A. W.
Edson, C. E. Meleney, William Barringer and James M. Green gave
professional instruction.
George G Ryan, A. T. S Clark, W. L. Heineken, W. C. Arm-
strong, Miss S. H. Bernart, W. Spader Willis, Thomas Van Kirk,
W. W. Warner and Isaac A. Lee, from our county, also did much to
aid our teachers by class exercises, experiments and addresses. De-
partment work was largely maintained throughout the institute with
most excellent results.
County Examinations. — The regular county examinations have
been maintained during the year.
A large number of our teachers have worked into the higher
grades. One of the most pleasing features of our examinations is
what is known as the " pupils' examination." During the past year
some twenty pupils from the advanced classes of our public schools
have appeared for examination, taking the third- grade subjects,
barring theory and practice of teaching.
Their work has been very commendable, and the desire to receive
a testimonial from the county superintendent is yearly increasing.
Conclusion. — The schools have been visited and inspected as
required by law. The teaching force is becoming stronger and doing
effective work. School order is being maintained in a very satisfac-
tory manner, and school supplier are being furnished more liberally
than in past years. The school work of the year, viewed in the light
of transition from the old to the new, is very gratifying.
198 SCHOOL REPORT.
MONMOUTH COUNTY.
John Enright, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — My second annual report of the CDndition of the
schools of this county is herewith respectfully submitted.
The school year just closed has been in many respects a notable one
in Monmouth. The enactment of the Township and Free Text- book
laws at one time served to concentrate thought upon the schools.
People, who had never before been interested in the schools one way
or the other, now changed from an attitude of indifference to not only
one of interest, but, in many cases, to active participation in the work
of managing the schools. At the elections for members of the boards
of education held in July, many prominent citizens permitted them-
selves to be elected, and the honor of being president of the board of
education came to be regarded as a prize.
Discussion of present and past School laws was heard on all sides.
The new was, in many instances, severely criticised, because the
defects in the old were not known. The fact that the State depart-
ment of education was at the back of the new law carried with it
much weight, and served to allay some feelings of doubt as to the
wisdom of the change. On the whole, there was a strong undercur-
rent of opinion in favor of giving the new laws a full and fair chance.
This was made manifest when the time came for voting moneys for
free text- books. In the public mind the Free Text- book law wa&
regarded as a portion of the Township law ; hence, a vote against free
text-books usually meant a vote against the Township law. It is
pleasant to record here, as indicative of holding up the hands of the
educational department of the State, and thus putting the people of
Monmouth county on the side of progress, that not a single township
refused to vote for free text-books. In every instance the moneys
asked for this purpose were freely voted. The financial summary for
the year shows that the amount of money expended in this way
amounted in all to $17,451.41 — no small item for the people to add'
to their already heavy taxable burdens.
All this shows that the educational sentiment was aroused, and was
working in the right direction. With this wholesome public senti-
ment thus awakened, we should find its fruition in better results in.
MONMOUTH COUNTY. 199
the school- room — and we do. Mere statistics, although they speak
favorably, cannot tell the whole story. There is that which results
from a solid co-operation of the people in the welfare of the schools
that cannot be measured or weighed. How much of manly senti-
ment, of nobility of character, of heroic enterprise, is being developed
in the schools as a result of this educational quickening, those in
closest touch can hardly say. Bat certain it is that it is of great
value. Leaving this for the present, we will turn to the story of the
statistics for the year.
There were employed in the county for the year just closed in all
287 teachers, an increase of 32 over last year. Of these 72 were
males and 215 females. The total attendance was 15,386, an increase
of 547 over the year previous. The average daily attendance was
9,210, an excess over the previous year of 430.
Teachers' Salaries. — A. considerable advance in teashers' salaries is
shown in the table. Males now receive an average of $74.96 per
month and females $46.46. The number of male teachers employed
is yearly growing less. The cause is obvious.
Township Principals — After the new law had been passed it was
my care to meet with all the boards of the county separately. At
these meetings the advantages of the new laws were discussed at
length. One feature that the boards were asked to take advantage of
was the opportunity afforded to bring the schools of a township into
clos*>r relation to each other, and to bring something like system out
of what had been more or less chaotic. It was pointed out that
hitherto when a change of teachers in a eountry school took place,
there was no one who could inform the new teacher as to the line of
work that had been formerly carried on in the school by the former
teacher. The result was that there had to be done a great deal of
hap- hazard work before a knowledge of the condition of the school
could be found, and thus intelligent work be done. It was argued
that the new teacher should pick up the work of the former teacher
where it was left off, and continue it along similar lines, and thus
prevent waste. In the future this could be done by providing a
supervising principal, whose care it would be to direct each school
of the township. Other advantages were pointed out, such as
economy in buying text-books and supplies; keeping the board
informed as to the condition of the schools in the township ; pointing
out the efficiency of each teacher employed ; and, in coDJunction with
the county superintendent, advising the course of study to be pursued
in the township. It was advised that the teacher in the largest or
most central school in the township be made the principal ; that he
be allowed at least one day in each term to visit the respective schools,
and that his opinion be sought on general matters. His services
should be recognized by a small addition to his salary as a regular
teacher.
As a result of the above recommendations, nine townships out of
200 SCHOOL REPORT.
sixteen appointed a supervising principal. In three of the townships,
with other duties, he had full charge of buying books and eupplies.
In the other townships he advised only in this regard. In all cases
the result was a vast improvement over former years.
In his written report to his board of education, Mr. Charles L.
Stout, principal of Manalapan township, says : " The aim of the
teachers at my visitations has been to have their schools in the best
possible condition." He closes his report by recommending that the
board provide a suitable record book for each school, so that there
may be kept a complete record of daily attendance, recitations, &c.,
the book to remain iu the school, so that there may comparisons be
made from year to year, and thus the condition of the school could
be more easily understood and its standard recognized by the new
teacher.
This much is quoted to show that under the present system the
rural school will have more watchful care than could be had under
the old regime. The past year has shown that better results will be
obtained in the strictly rural school than formerly. It will, of course,
take time to educate boards and teachers up to making the most of
this plan. It is something of gain to have made a start in the right
direction.
The townships having a supervising principal are the following :
Atlantic, Upper Freehold, Millstone, Manalapan, Marlboro, Holm-
del, Ocean, Neptune and Howell.
New Buildings. — During the year the handsome and commodious
high school building at Asbury Park was completed. It was for-
mally dedicated in May, on which occasion the following gentlemen
were present and made short addresses to a large audience in the
assembly-room of the new building : State Superintendent A. B.
Poland, Dr. J. M. Green, of the State Normal School ; Hon. J. L.
Hays and F. T. Appleby, of the State Board of Education ; Princi-
pal C. Gregory, of the Long Branch schools, and others. The build-
ing contains twelve class-rooms, a library, reception room, principal's
room and a large assembly-room. The heating and ventilating is of
the most approved modern character. The sanitary arrangement of
closets in the basement is simple, and is working entirely to the satis-
faction of the board. This building, a model in all its appointments,
was erected at a cost of $55,000.
A one room school building at Chapel Hill, in Middletown town-
ship, was completed in February last. This is, so far as health and
comfort go, a very complete country school. It contains a cellar
under the whole building, separate coat-rooms for the boys and girls
and one for the teacher, sla'e blackboards in abundance. The room
is heated by a portable hot-air furnace in the cellar. The cost of this
pretty country school-house was $3,000.
During the year Matawan township has vot^d $15,000 for a new
central building. At this writing, work on the new building is being
MONMOUrH COUNTY. 201
ipushed forward. The building will be ready for occupancy about the
■first of January.
Manalapan township will expend $1,500 in enlarging the English-
town school building, and will establish a township graded school,
with four teachers.
The town of Freehold has also voted to expend $15,000 in adding
'five new rooms to its present building. A handsome front is to be
put to the building, and its exterior greatly beautified.
The borough of Atlantic Highlands has voted to bond itself for
:|30,000 to erect a new brick building of eight rooms and a large
assembly-room. The corner-stone of this building will be laid on
Labor day.
Red Bank will erect a new primary building at a cost of $6,000.
When these buildings will have been completed, Monmouth county
-will have accommodations of the very best kind for all her children.
Institute. — The annual institute was held in November in the Long
Branch High School. It was well attended. The few teachers absent
-were excused because of sickness. The character of the instruction
was intended to inspire the teachers to attain better results, rather
than much ado about trivial details. Prominent among the instruc-
tors were Superintendent Edson, of Massachusetts ; Meleny, of New
York ; Gregory, of Long Branch, and Miss Field, of Trenton Nor-
mal School.
Manual Training — Only in one school in this county is manual
training attempted. It is at Red Bank. A room in the basement
has been assigned for this work, and benches and tools for working in
wood provided. The girls are taught sewing. The whole is under
the direction of Miss McKernon, who has succeeded in creating a
decided interest in this direction. The boys, especially, seem to be
deeply interested in their work. A practical turn has been given to
the work by having the boys perform the usual carpenter work about
the building. It is yet too soon to give an estimate as to the educa-
tional value obtained, inasmuch as only a year has been given to the
work. It promises fair enough.
Consolidating Old Districts. — In a few of the townships there are
small schools that ought to be abandoned and united with other
schools. Remoteness from other schools is the argument that pre-
vents. In only one case was an old school disbanded. That was the
Mount Vernon school, in Manalapan township. Hereafter the chil-
dren in this district will have access to the graded school at English-
town, which is the first to be established as the outcome of the new
law. The township of Matawan will also have a central graded
school for the township. It will probably take some time before all
the townships will follow in line, but we have started in the right
direction.
The most obvious deftct in the applicatijn of the new law is that
individual members are frequently left to look after all school inter-
202 SCHOOL REPORT.
ests in their respective localities. Sometimes the individual member
is given power to hire and even dismiss a a teacher in his locality.
Then, too, in making up the budget of expenditures there is a natural
strife to secure as much money as possible for the home school. This
tends to reduce to a common level the salaries of the teachers. Compari-
sons are too often made with the lowest, and an effort is made to
reduce to that standard, rather than go toward the highest. The
sooner the old district is lost sight of the better. Where committees
have been assigned duties aside from geographical location, the busi-
ness of the boards has been better managed. Inasmuch as the dis-
tribution of moneys hereafter is made to the township as a whole, the
autonomy of the old district will be destroyed to a considerable
extent, and som6 embarrassments will thus be removed.
Arbor Day. — This day has generally been observed. Many planted
nut trees, instead of the usual shade trees. In localities where trees
already abound, the exercises partook of a literary character.
In conclusion, I wish to testify to the uniform courtesy and respect
paid the county superintendent's office by the school officers and the
teachers of the county. As a rule, there has been a hearty co-opera-
tion between school officers and the superintendent in furthering the
best educational interests of old Monmouth. IHPMH^^CS
As to the teachers, they have worked faithfully to maintain the
standard that has already been reached and to advance to higher
achievement. They have maintained local organizations in several of
the townships, and monthly meetings have been held to exchange
experiences and to discuss the advanced problems in education. I
have been present at many of these meetings, and can testify to the
zeal manifested by these teachers in the great work in which they are
engaged.
MORRIS COUNTY.
Martin Luther Cox, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — I herewith most respectfully submit my annual report of the
schools of Morris county, for the school year beginning July 1st,
1894, and ending June 30th, 1895. ^^ '
School Property. — The standard of excellence maintained'in former
MORRIS COUNTY.
205
years by the liberal and progressive citizens of Morris county in
matters pertaining to school buildings and grounds has been advanced
during the past year so that our school-houses and grounds are in better
condition than ever before. Very many of the buildings have been
repainted or refurnished during the year while all have undergone
whatever repairs were necessary to put them in first-class condition.
The people of Rockaway township have voted to build a new two-
room school building at Denville, at a cost of $3,000, and the people
of Mount Olive township made an effort to erect a new building at
Drakestown ; but the people refused to vote the necessary amount of
money for that purpose. Another meeting will soon be called, and)
the building will probably be erected before my next annual report.
Text-boohs. — During the past year all the school districts of the
county made provision for furnishing text-books and supplies free to
all pupils. In some districts the necessary amounts were refused by
the people, but at subsequent meetings were raised with little oppo-
sition. The benefit to our schools from this wise provision of the
New Jersey School law has been very great, and improvement haa
been marked in the schools in both recitations and discipline.
Teachers. — There has been a steady improvement in the legal
qualifications of our teachers and their zeal for professional culture is
unabated. Below is given a table showing the number and legal
qualifications of the teachers of Morris county for the past three
years :
-X)
iH
O)
y
» CO
S 3
43
43
55
COUNT'S
CERTIFICATES.
is
a;
YEAR.
a
o
y
15
Eh
3
1893
26
38
42
37
47
49
44
31
21
7
2
1
157
1894
161
1895
16&
Through the courtesy of the board of education of Dover, and
with the assistance of the teachers of our principal schools, the county
superintendent was able to meet as many teachers as wished to attend
in a Saturday afternoon meeting, where many subjects of interest to
our teachers were presented by able speakers and discussed by our
teachers. Many of our most successful teachers were regular in their
attendance upon these meetings. The pedagogical library still con-
tinues to be an important aid and course of inspiration to our teachers.
A large number of books circulated from it among our teachers during
the year.
Boards of Education. — I attended about fifty meetings of boards
of education during the past year, and rendered them whatever assist-
204 SCHOOL REPORT.
ance they needed, and explained to them the new laws. Everywhere
I received from them the most courteous attention. The boards of
education of Morris county are composed of gentlemen of good busi-
ness ability and of liberal and progressive views in educational matters,
and they have done much during the year to improve the schools under
their direction.
Neiv Districts — During the year the enterprising towns of Port
Oram and ^etcong have taken advantage of the borough laws, and
have been incorporated as boroughs and have organized themselves
as school districts. Netcong has a large and beautiful brick building
for school purposes, recently erected at a cost of $ 1 2,000. Port Oram
has a large frame school building, and contemplates erecting a new
•building next year for the accommodation of the rapidly increasing
school census of the borough. In each case I appointed a board of
education to serve until the next regular election of school trustees.
Teachers' Institute. — Our annual institute was held in the high
school building at Dover on October 3 1st, November 1st and Novem-
ber 2d, 1894. Every teacher in the county, except four who were
excused on account of illness, was in atteadance. The lectures were
eminently practical and fitted to the needs of our teachers ; and a
very enjoyable and profitable time was the result. The lecturers
were men of long experience, who had made preparation for good
work along their respective lines by original investigation in the sub-
jects which they presented to us, and familiar subjects were given a
new interest by their ability and skill. The two evening lectures
were held in the Grace M. E. Church of Dover, and both were well
attended by teachers and their friends.
County Association — Our local association has continued its organi-
:zation during the year, and held its annual meeting, under the direc-
tion of President Matthews, of Madison, in Dover, June 15th.
Prof. Henry Coleman, of Newark, spoke upon the subject of " Edu-
cation for Business," which subject was afterward di-^cussed by the
principals present.
Arbor Day. — Arbor day was generally observed throughout the
county. Many trees were planted, flower-beds made, or the school
.grounds otherwise beautified. An Arbor day programme was pre-
pared and sent to each teacher in the county, requesting that a col-
lection of barks of the trees of the locality be made by the pupils and
hung upon the walls of the school-rooms. Essays and historical
•descriptions of their respective communities were written by the
pupils, some of which were sent to me, and were of exceptional merit.
School Visits. — In the 415 official visits made during the year to
the schools under the supervision of the county superintendent, I
have tried to help the teachers of the schools by suggestions and by
•conducting recitations. The cordial relations existing between the
teacher and the taught, the excellence of the recitations, and the
OCEAN COUNTY. 205
enthusiasm of the pupils in their school work have marked this as
one of the mtst successful years of our schools.
Deaths of Teachers. — Two of our teachers have been taken from
us by death. In February, after a brief illness, Miss Jennie Lake,
teacher of the Nauright School, of Washington township, succumbed
to that dread disease, pneumonia. Miss Lake was a woman of many
excellent qualities of mind and heart, and was a conscientious and
zealous teacher. About April 1st, Mr. Frank Carr, teacher of the
Stirling School, of Passaic township, died after a month's illness.
Mr. Carr had taught in Morris county about three years, and had
won a large circle of friends of the people among whom he labored.
He was a popular teacher and a gentleman of kind and affable
disposition.
Conclusion. — Although the trial of the new township system has
been short, we begin to reap the benefits of its wise provisions already
in the better school accommodations, the free text- books, and the
more general school visits of the members of boards of education.
Much has been done to improve the furniture and apparatus of our
schools ; and while still much remains to do, the work of the town-
ship boards during their first year has been excellent. My thanks
are due to the State Department, the teachers and school officers for
the many kindnesses and courtesies shown me during the year.
OCEAN COUNTY.
E. M. LoNAN, Superintendent.
lo Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent:
Sir — I again have the honor to report to you the school work of
Ocean county for the year ending June 30th, 1895.
Buildings. — We have a number of first-class buildings now in the
county, in place of former ones of ancient style. The tendency within
the last few years has been to provide more convenient and comfort-
able places for pupils to attend, until now we have but very few
school buildings in the county that are not classed as good, and that
are not well seated with modern furniture. The school-house is being
looked upon as of more importance to a community than in former
years.
206 SCHOOL REPORT.
County Teachers' Institute. — The institute, held in Toms River by
Ocean county alone, had a full attendance, and teachers listened to
lectures from which many of them derived great help in their daily
work.
The Township System. — The township system, which many people
in our county thought would prove disastrous to our small schools,
seems, from our limited experience with it, to have had the opposite
^flPect.
It gave school officers, especially district clerks, no small amount
of work at first, but, in most cases, they did it cheerfully and well,
:and the " new machinery " is, generally speaking, in good working
order for the coming year. In some instances boards of education
have disbursed the money appropriated to the township, so that all
the schools have been kept open the full time required by law.
New Districts. — Owing to the increase of population in some of our
seaside resorts, which are cut off from the mainland by the bay, we
have been obliged to create some new departments in some of the
townships lying contiguous to the bay.
As new and distinct departments, these will now be maintained the
lull nice months, thereby giving greater benefit to the pupils than was
before prsaible.
Our county now has thirteen townships and six boroughs. Only
four of the latter have schools. This give3 us seventeen school mu-
nicipalities, with sixty- two schools and ninety-two teachers. It is
gratifying to know that, as the natural attractions of our county be-
come known and population increases, our schools keep pace with
other matters.
Epidemics. — In two instances only were any of our schools closed
during the year on account of any epidemic. In some schools the attend-
ance fell off greatly, owing to the alarm of parents more than from
3.nj cause of danger.
Arbor Day. — All our schools observed Arbor Day as per programme
prepared for them, and in some towns much was added to the original
by teachers, and the occasion was made one of great interest to the people
as well as to the schools.
Examinations. — Examinations have been held as required, three
during the year, and have been well attended, especially the May one,
at which many applicants advanced their grade in a very satisfactory
manner, and I trust to the benefit of the schools under their charge.
The percentage of failures is still large.
The Text-Books. — The law giving free text-books to schools has
been a great boon to teachers and pupils, as is shown by an increased
enrollment in many of the schools. The people have seen and felt
the benefit of such a move, and none would return to the old hap-hazard
way of booking the schools.
Graduations. — Prof. F. A. North, who so ably succeeded Prof.
DilliDgham at Toms River, was very successful in carrying out his
PASSAIC COUNTY. 207
graduation class. Mr. J. F. Colvin, under whose efficient management
the Tuckerton school has been for the last two years, has the honor of
instituting the first graduating class at that place.
Owing to my continued illness the past year I was unable to visit
schools as much as I should have liked, but I secured the services of
my examiner, Mr. Peter Tilton, as a visiting substitute, who attended
to it for me in his modest and business-like manner.
In conclusion, I desire to thank Superintendent A. B. Poland and
liis efficient assistant, Mr. J. Brognard Betts, also the friends of educa-
tion in the county, for their hearty support during the past year,
which, owing to the change made by the Township law, has been a
very trying one.
PASSAIC COUNTY.
James D. Donnell, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — The enclosed report of the schools of Passaic county is here-
with presented for the school year ending June 30th, 1895.
Assuming the office in October, long after the schools had been in
working order, it is almost useless for me to add anything by way of
statistics, as the school affairs of the county were fully and ably set
forth by my predecesssor, Mr. Alexander Elliott, Jr., in his last
report, and to which I respectfully refer.
Whatever has been done and accomplished is largely due to his
skill and management in bringing system and method out of the
chaotic condition of affairs so long prevalent in this country.
The school buildings in several of the townships have been repaired
and many improvements have been added. Notably so in the town-
ship of Manchester, and a building suitable in all respects has been
built and opened since the beginning of the past school year. There
is also another building for school purposes now in process of com-
pletion, and when finished the facilities for educational purposes will
be largely increased in that township.
It was the intention to give in detail the particulars of these new
school buildings and also to add wood cuts of the same for this report,
but it was impossible to procure the cuts at this time. The other
townships need some of the modern spirit of this township, and it is
208 SCHOOL REPORT.
barely possible that the cloeiDg years of the present century will
witness the demolition of the square school buildings in the other
townships of this county and the erection of buildings more in har-
mony with the modern system of public school education.
Some of these buildings are wholly inadequate for school purposes^
little or no provision for ventilation, poorly lighted and having na
appliances for blackboards and charts.
Some of the townships have complied with the law for the pur-
chasing and distribution of free text- books, while other townships for
various reasons have refused or will not purchase any.
And there is but little use to attempt a course of study unless
something definite and certain has been established.
It is in this particular where the present school law is weak. Ta
correct the evil the State authorities should insist upon a uniform
series of text- books and a uniform course of study for all grades and
ungraded schools throughout the State.
Until this is reached, the county schools must be poorly conducted
and the results very unsatisfactory.
Arbor day was very generally observed throughout the county, and
the children of the different schools in the several townships planted
trees, and had literary exercises in accordance with the programme of
Mr. John Terhune, the superintendent of Bergen county, with a copy
of which every teacher of a public school was supplied by the county
superintendent.
There is another matter in this connection which ought to be con-
sidered, and that is the subject of teaching children vocal music. It
is carried on with great success and enthusiasm in the Commonwealth
of Massachusetts, and there is no reason why that, in the cities and
large graded schools of the townships of the State of New Jersey, it
could not be accomplished with the same good results as there, and
at a moderate cost.
Finally, there is still a matter of grave importance which needs
only to be mentioned at this time. There ought to be some limit for
the engaging of teachers. At the close of every school year there is
a desire either for a change of location or a better salary. Then
during the long vacation some one member of the township board is
seen, and a few questions are asked and an agreement is made without
inquiring into the qualifications of the nomadic applicant, or the
requirement of a proper certificate.
Cannot, or will not the State Board remedy this?
SALEM COUNTY. 209
SALEM COUNTY.
Robert Gwynne, Jk., Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — Herewith I send my statistical reports.
The year closiDg June 30th, 3 895, was, on the whole, most satis-
factory. Oar schools were delayed in getting their supplies of books
and necessary equipment, and two months of valuable time thus
wasted ; but, once started, teachers and pupils worked with a will.
The attendance was fairly good. The stormy winter months cut
down the attendance very much, and the black pages of the registers
tell of pupils unable to reach the school- houses on account of snow-
blocked and impassable roads. But the attendance in the spring was
the best we have ever had. The school examinations showed most
commendable work everywhere. We received papers from sixty- four
of the seventy schools in the county — something we never had to
record before. Six pupils passed in the advanced grade — the highest
number yet recorded. New books, new methods, and more earnest-
ness on the part of the teachers are the causes of this improvement.
One new school-house was erected at Jefferson, in Upper Pittsgrove.
On the night of September 26ih fire destroyed the old structure with
all its equipment. The board of education, with praiseworthy prompt-
ness, at once began the erection of a new building, and it was completed
and dedicated on December 10th, school being meanwhile held in an
unoccupied house near by. The building is a fine one, with modern
furniture, slate boards and all conveniences. It is one of the handsom-
est of our rural school-houses. No. 5, Mannington, and No. 6, Lower
Alloway's Creek, were both greatly improved in appearance and sup-
plied with modern furniture during the year. An addition was also
built to No. 9, Upper PittFgrove, making two light, airy rooms. The
school has been graded, and two teachers are to be employed the coming
year. A new building has also been fitted up at Elmer and an addi-
tional primary started there the coming year.
Arbor Day. — This day was observed by nearly every school in the
county, a report being promptly sent to you. Superintendent Ter-
hune's "Arbor Day Progamme" was of the greatest value to us in the
celebration.
14
1210 SCHOOL REPORT.
Every township voted an appropriation for books and supplies
under the provisions of the new law. Free books being something
new in this section, it was difficult to estimate just how much money
would be needed, so some boards ran short of funds, and some friction
caused by their inability to furnish all books needed. Some boards
cut down the estimate first made too low to begin with, and thus failed
lamentably in supplying the needs of their schools. But two townships
failed to live up to the law concerning scientific temperance instruction —
Oldmans and Pennsgrove borough. Oldmans furnished the books
as long as it had funds with which to procure them ; Pennsgrove
made no effort to do so. A few schools are not yet supplied with
'flags, the fault lying with the trustees.
Woodstown high school maintained the high standard of work
which characterized it the preceding year. I cannot too highly com-
mend Mis3 Sayre, the principal, and her corps of teachers, and Presi-
dent Jos. H. Reading and Clerk George M. Andrews, of the board of
education, for the energy, industry, time, thought and patience which
they have given to this school. It is a grand testimonial to their labors.
Auburn school, under Professor V. S. Smith, and Elmer school, under
Professor James A. Wentzell, also made commendable progress towards
securing a place on the State's list of approved high schools.
The past summer the superintendent had the pleasure of seeing one
of his pet theories put in practice. A summer training school for
teachers was established at Woodstown, with Miss Emily Sayre and
Miss Annie Bradway as teachers. Methods of instruction in all
branches taught in a district school were studied, discussed and
illustrated. Those who attended were nearly all teachers of from
one year to eight years' experience (three-fourths of them possessed
certificates ranging from third to first), yet the work of the school
was a revelation to them, and everyone enters on her work this year
with a better idea of what is before her and how best to present the
lessons to their pupils. The school was a thorough success. May it
grow and prove its usefulness in becoming a feeder to our State
Normal School, and in relieving us of one great source of trouble, the
incompetent, untrained tyro in teaching.
I have endeavored faithfully to enforce all the provisions of our
School law and to have the regulations of the State Board of Educa-
tion lived up to rigidly. I have visited every school in our county,
with two exceptions, the reason for not visiting them being explained
•elsewhere.
SOMERSET COUNTY. 211
SOMERSET COUNTY.
John L. Andeeson, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent .•
Sir — I have the honor herewith to submit the statistical reports of
the public schools for Somerset county. These statistics will, in a
measure, show what has been accomplished during the last school
year. They show an average daily attendance of 3,137, as compared
with 3,022 the year previous, and 2,900 in 1893. With a stationary
school census, this indicates a healthy growth, but, with a census of
nearly 7,500, it is not what it should be, even allowing for an attend-
ance of 500 at private and parochial schools.
School Libraries. — The amount of money raised for school libra-
ries fell off more than $150 from the amount raised last year. Still
there were nearly twice as many books purchased, and nearly twice as
many taken out and, presumably, read. The teachers have, as a rule,
selected the books purchased, and they have chosen wisely and well.
A catalogue of the nearly 10,000 volumes in the school libraries
throughout the county would make interesting reading. I desire
here to commend the teachers of the county for their energy in rais-
ing funds, not only for libraries, but for a thousand and one other
obj ects — the purchase of organs, dictionaries, gazeteers, encyclopedias,
<fec., for the school-room, as well, also, for painting and improving the
buildings and ornamenting the grounds.
Arbor Day. Arbor day was appropriately celebrated in nearly
every school in the county. In most cases trees were planted in con-
nection with the other exercises. Where the grounds were already
suflBciently covered with trees, flower-beds were made, vines planted
and the yards in other ways ornamented and cleared.
Perhaps the most gratifying result of the year has been in the
financial management. The amount of district tax funds available
was $28,837.87, as compared with $21,640.23 the year prior, and
$14,068 in 1893. This is a gain of more than 100 per cent, in two
years, and has made itself felt in increased efflciency and results. The
teaching force in the county has been increased thereby from 111 to
118 — a gain of seven. In addition, the salaries paid the teachers for
the first time aggregated more than the total of all available State
funds, the excess being $4,383.74. The improvement has undoubtedly
212 SCHOOL REPORT.
been due largely to the new school laws, and we look for still further
advancement in the future.
All of the county's last year normal graduates were employed here,
and a number from other counties also secured schools in Somerset.
It is with pleasure that I am able to state that they were uniformly
successful. Altogether, I am more than gratified with last year's
progress, and it is my hope, and it will be my aim, to see the
improvement continue during the coming year.
SUSSEX COUNTY.
Luther Hill, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, Slate Superintendent :
Dear Sir — The school year ending June 30th, 1895, marks a new
era in school management in New Jersey, and we trust a " new depart-
ure " in educational progress.
We are able to report a good year's work for Sussex county. We
have gained 205 children in the enrollment over last year, with a
corresponding advance in nearly all the other features of the report of
attendance.
Inauguration of the New Law. — It is not remarkable that we have
had considerable friction in changing to the township system. Sud-
denly and with but brief notice we found 299 trustees legislated out of
office, whose places were to be supplied by 154 new ones. Old
district boundaries were obliterated, and the township became the
district. Our first election of trustees was called for July 18tb, and
resulted generally in a re election of a portion of the retiring trustees.
Most of the new boards of education went vigorously to work to
put into operation the new machinery of school management in ac-
cordance with the tenor of the law. Where the work has been faith-
fully performed all opposition to the act has ceased, and the patrons
of the schools already appreciate its advantages. It is to be regretted
that the verdict of approval is not unanimous. A few, the horizon
of whose philanthropy is bounded by their door-yard fence, still cling
to the narrow confines of the old district, and if one such person hap-
pens to be a trustee he merits the name and rejoices in the title of
LOCAL trustee.
UNION COUNTY. 213
Scientific Temperance Act and Free Textbook Act. — These, although
"not a part of the township system, have been classed with the new
law, and at first met with strong opposition. Provision, however,
was made at once for the introduction of physiology in nearly all the
schools at their opening in September, and temperance instruction, to
some extent, has been the result in all schools. Fourteen of the six-
teen districts of the county have complied with the Text-book act by
& full supply of free books, or have made provision for their gradual
introduction.
Libraries — No additions have been made to the libraries.
Building and Repairs. — A very substantial and commodious school-
house has been built at Hamburg at a cost of about $7,000. Con-
sidering all its appointments it is third in point of excellence in the
county. Thorough repairs and changes have been made in Ogdens-
burg school-house, and several others have been somewhat improved.
Teachers' Institute. — We held our county institute November 1st
and 2d last, with some very profitable instruction from Charles T.
Barnes, William A. Mowry, Ph.D., Frank O. Payne, Doctor J. M.
-Green and others.
For the purpose of paying better salaries, furnishing free text-
books and making necessary repairs, most of our boards of education,
at the election in March last, asked for increased district appropriations,
which were carried with but little opposition.
UNION COUNTY.
B. Holmes, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — In compliance with the provisions of the new School
law, I respectfully submit the following brief report, supplementary
to the tabulated statistics of the several cities and townships of Union
■county for the school year ending June 30th, 1895.
School Property. — The general condition of the school properties of
the county may be rated as very good — not one can be called poor,
many should be classed a3 excellent. The care exercised by the trustees
in past years has not been diminished.
?*■ Among the improvements completed there may be specially noted
the division of a large room in Cranford, No. 1, for the accommoda-
214 SCHOOL REPORT.
tion of another class in the primary grade ; an addition to the building
in Linden, No. 1, and the purchase of new furniture; improvements
and new furniture in Roselie, No. 1 ; and the purchase of land, enlarging
and remodeling of Summit, No. 1.
This district has now one of the finest school properties in the
county. The grounds are ample, the rooms large, light and airy, the
facilities for heating excellent and efficient, with large halls and dry
and well-lighted basements, making it a first-class school building.
Facilities have been provided for Sloyd, carpentry and cooking,
and classes established in each of these branches, with good efiect in
the general advancement of the school.
At the annual meeting money was voted for the erection of a pri-
mary school building in the village of Lorraine, Union township, for
the accommodation of pupils in that vicinity. A lot has been secured,
the contract for building awarded, and the school will be opened in
September.
School Libraries. — The number of applications for aid to school
libraries has fallen below that of last year. The number of books
purchased the present year was 255 ; number taken out, over 9,000.
Teachers. — Eighty-two different teachers have been employed in
the schools during the year — 76 in the regular school work, and 6 in
special branches of study. The number of changes from sicknes-s
and other causes has been 7.
Thirty- four hold State certificates — 5, first grade; 15, second, and
14, third. Forty-one hold county certificates — 18, first grade; 17,
second grade, and 6, third grade. Seven have special certificates —
kindergarten, music, sewing, drawing, cooking and carpentry. Twen-
ty-six are graduates of normal schools, 4 are graduates of colleges or
universities, and 5 are undergraduates of higher institutions of
learning.
The work accomplished has been, on the whole, very satisfactory..
In most of the schools the general management has been good and
the instruction excellent.
Early in the year, Miss J. A. Field resigned the principalship of
School No. 2, Summit, to accept a position in the Newark high school.
At the close of the year, Mr. George T. Cull, principal of School
No. 1, Fanwood, resigned. Mr. H. W. Saxe, of School No. 1, New
Providence, was elected principal of a school in Bergen county, ard
Mr. R. H. Tice, of the North Roselie school. Union, resigned with a
view of pursuing a special department of school work. These changes
are a loss to the corps of teachers of the county. Mr. Tice had been
connected with the schools for moie than ten years, was a successful
principal and merited the respect of a large acquaintance.
Examinations. — The regular examinations for teachers' certificates
have been held as required by the rules of the State Board of Educa-
tion. The number of certificates granted during the year was 60:.
first grade, 8; second grade, 12; third grade, 13; special, 3; pro-
UNION COUNTY. 215
visional, 24 ; number of candidates rejected, 10. Valuable assistance
has been rendered in the work by Mr. R. E. Clement, of Cranford^
and Mr. B. H. Tice, of Roselle, members of the county board of
examiners.
Teachers' Institute, — The regular annual institute for the county
was held on the 16th and 17th of November, at Elizabeth. At
the opening, representatives of the State Board of Education,
State Normal School and city boards of education were present
and briefly addressed the institute. The attendance was good — 250
being present of an enrollment of 260. The instructors were men
of large experience in their calling and wide reputation. New topics
of general interest were introduced and discussed, and much interest
manifested.
Visitation and Examination. — The visits and examinations have
been performed as directed by the rules of the Board of Education.
With but few exceptions the instruction was good, and the general
interest and kind feeling manifested between teachers and pupila
gratifying. In most respects, the year has been one of gain and
progress.
The fifteenth regular written examination of the pupils who had
finished the several grades of the course of instruction was held in
June. The number of primary and grammar certificates given to
pupils completing those courses was 229 ; 32 diplomas were awarded
to pupils completing the high school course. This, in the aggregate,,
is the highest number given in any year since the adoption of a county
course of study.
The revised course of study adopted at the close of last year ha»
been in practical operation for a year, and meets with very general
acceptance on the part of teachers, principals and school officers. It
oifers a uniform standard of work for the schools of each township
and for all the schools of the county. When the township system
comes into full operation, the advantages of a plan whereby all its
schools are working towards a common purpose will be more clearly
eviHent.
Text-Boohs. — The list of text-books unanimously adopted for use"
in the county has been found to meet the wants of the schools and
satisfy the most progressive teachers. Solicited suggestions from prin-
cipals and trustees ask for few additions and these mostly of recent
publications.
The feature of the Township School act, by which school districts
were to furnish free text- books, has met with general acceptance. In
fact, a large majority of the districts had previously acted under the
permissible clause of the old law and had furnished free text- books
for years. In districts where such had not been the case, the law was
promptly complied with and no instance of refusal or evasion is to be-
reported.
216 SCHOOL EEPORT.
Chapter sixty- seven of the Laws of 1894, in accordance with
direction therein, was brought promptly to the notice of the boards of
trustees and proper action taken by every board in the county in the
adoption of text- books as named in the law. In obedience to section
six, report may be made that the several provisions of the law have
been substantially complied with in the schools of the county.
The Township School act, passed in 1894, has had a year's trial,
not a sufficient time to test its full effect. The first expression of
opinion of the larger number of school boards of the county was not
favorable, as there were fears that the support of the larger central
schools would not be as generous by those living remote as by those
living near, and perhaps more particularly interested, and thus impair
the usefulness of these schools, temporarily at least ; and that the
equalization of valuation of present school property and indebtedness
might work a hardship on taxation, owing to the abulition of old
district boundaries.
While this feeling hag not entirely pas3ed away, it has been much
modified by the year's experience. It is but justice to say that every
school officer, by official action and personal effort, has done all in
his power to give the new law a fair trial and make it successful.
It is certainly to be hoped that the change will bring all the
benefits contemplated, and that anticipated disadvantages will not be
realized.
In conclusion, allow me to say that whatever of success bag been
attained is largely due to the aid and co-operation of teachers, princi-
pals and school officers, to whom my sincere thanks are tendered.
WARREN COUNTY.
Robert S. Price, Superintendekt.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — Another school year has closed, and it has been the
most eventful of the fourteen years since I entered upon the duties of
my office, an office, in the discharge of the duties of which, each year
brings new and varied experiences. There is a permanent growth of
interest in the public schools, and our young people fully realize that
success in life depends largely upon the manner in which their
educational advantages are improved.
WARREN COUNTY. 217
Qualifications of Teachers. — In almost every district school there is
=a demand for history, physiology, English composition and book-
keeping to be taught, and teachers should not be licensed, except in
some cases for special work, who cannot pass an examination in them.
These being the second grade branches, I can see but little, if any,
further use for the third grade certificate.
There are many worthy young men and young women, who are
ambitious to gain at least a good business education, and being too
poor to attend other schools, are compelled to depend upon the public
schools, and when we limit them by law to the third grade teacher, we
are doing them a great irjustice and a life- long injury. Those who take
up teaching as a profession desire for their own protection that the re-
quirements for the county certificate be equal to the normal or high
school course. The brightest of those who now apply for the third
grade would, by a little more diligence in study, prepare for the second
grade before applying for their first certificate. This would not create
a scarcity of teachers beyond that which the good of the schools some-
times demand, but it would increase the proficiency of the teacher,
give the normal graduate a ad other competent teachers power to com-
mand salaries commensurate with their stations and exclude the in-
competent who often accept of positions at any salary oflPered.
One of our most learned bishops, a man highly honored in educa-
tional circles, said in a lecture a short time since, that about 40 per
cent, of our successful business men were educated in country schools.
It is also true that a very large per cent, of those who enter semin-
aries and higher institutions of learning, come from districts where
the best public schools exist. Should we not, in view of these facts,
raise our lowest certificate, at least, to the standard of the second
grade. All who enter the profession should understand that the cor-
rect theory of teaching is the outgrowth of knowledge of the
branches to be taught, and that this knowledge can be secured only
by mental effort and close application to books and methods.
Township Act. — The public press and those most interested in the
schools in Warren, have given the Township act a liberal indorsement,
and have co-operated with us in endeavoring to carry out its pro-
visions.
At the first meeting called for the election of members of the
boards of education, it was evident from the character of the men
chosen that a new and encouraging interest in the schools had been
aroused. The law was at first a cause of much animated discus-
sion, and many had serious misgivings as to its feasibility.
The Legislature of 1874 made a record that will be honored for
^ges to come, when it passed the Free School law, equalizing educa-
tional privileges between rich and poor, enabling the boys from the
humblest homes to become the successful business men of to-day.
Yet that grand act passed, as such laws are too seldom passed, in the
interest of humanity, met with formidable opposition ; and could we
218 SCHOOL REPORT.
reasonably expect that the Township act, inaugurating such radical^
changes in the public educational system, and requiring a tax to be
levied in every district for text-books, could be enforced without
opposition. The amendments of 1894 are progressive, and will en-
able the State to accomplish more effectually that which the law of
1874 was designed to accomplish, than all the other amendments en-
acted since that date.
When the boards of education of this county, acting under the
atithority of the last amendment, changed the district lines from the
township lines, enabling children to attend the most convenient schools,
it relieved about 700 who had been cut off from the schools where
they had formerly attended, and wisely removed the most serious
objectionable feature of the law.
Text Books. — The levying of taxes for special purposes is more of
a burden in an agricultural county like Warren, considering the low
prices of farm products, than in the manufacturing counties and cities,
and some difficulty has been experienced in appropriating money for
text-books; I am, however, able to report that every township raised
some money for this purpose.
Experience is teaching the people that, in the districts where free
text- books are supplied the teachers are doing more and better work,,
the schools are properly classified, and that there is an increased
attendance.
Central Graded Schools. — Owing to the size of our townships, our
scattered population and want of central school buildings suitable for
the purpose, we have not established any new central graded schools,
as provided for, but we appreciate this wise provision of the law, and
we hope in the near future to establish some such schools in the
county.
Circular of Information — Your circular of information explaining
the object of the Township act, and showing that it would provide
better school supervision, better school facilities, equal school advan-
tages, and an equitable distribution of the burden of taxation through-
out the townships, proved to be a valuable document, and helped to
remove many of the prfjudices to the law.
Assignment of Pupils. — There seems to be a tendency to overcrowd
some schools, while at others in the same township the attendance is
small. Permit me to suggest that this could be avoided by making
it obligatory upon school boards to meet before the schools open each
year, and assign the children to the schools where the distance to be
traveled, condition of the schools and circumstances demand they
should attend. The school boards may now, under a liberal con-
struction of the law, have this power, but it is not sufficiently explicit
to be well understood. It might also be well to have the clerks file
with the teachers, when the schools open, a list of the children
assigned to each school, and have the teachers report to the boards
monthly the names of those who have not attended school. This
WARREN COUNTY. 219*
would give the boards of education and teachers complete supervision
over their districts, and the fear of having children reported would
lead many parents to send their children who now neglect it.
School of JDiscipline. — The State should have more effectual control
over the youth from ten to fourteen years of age than is now provided
for under the present law. Permit me to suggest that, possibly this
could be secured as economically and efficaciously as in any other
way, by establishing a State school of discipline, to which truants
and the incorrigible, who have been expelled from public schools,
could be sent. The oversight of the districts obtained by requiring
teachers to report monthly to the boards of education the non-attend-
ance, and the dread of parents having their children taken from
home and forced to attend a school of discipline, would greatly
augment the public school attendance. Such a school would give the
State power to direct and largely control the moral and intellectual
training of the most unfortunate class of her youth.
We have now, as we well know, a State Reform School, under
superior management, for young criminals, but a boy who has com-
mitted no greater offense than playing truant, or refusing to obey the
authority of the public school, has not committed an offense punish-
able under the penal statute, and is not a criminal, and should not be
classed as such. Pupils should not be sentenced to this proposed
school of discipline, or compelled to attend it, by an order of the
criminal court, as they are to the State Reform School, but assigned
to it by the public school authorities. It would prove, I am quite
confident, to be a successful system of compulsory education, and it
should be a part of the State school system. Such a school in charge
of a kind-hearted, humane principal, and under the general super-
vision of the State Superintendent and the State Board of Education,
would be a reformatory, established upon a Christian plan of reforma-
tion, and the means of rescuing hundreds of boys from demoralizing
and corrupting environments, and make of them moral and intelligent
citizens.
Patriotism. — The law to encourage and promote patriotism, approved
April 3d, 1894, has been duly observed in Warren county. A circular
letter was issued calling the attention of the teachers and school offi-
cers to Washington's birthday, and the law requiring its observance, to
which the schools heartily responded. The exercises in most of the
schools were public, and many accepted the invitations to be present.
Patriotic addresses were made, national songs sung, and flags unfurled,
and patriotism was encouraged and promoted, as designed by the law
upon the occasion.
Temperance. — The law approved April 20th, 1894, requiring special
instruction to be given relating to the effects of alcoholic drinks and
narcotics upon the human system has been observed, and is growing
in favor with our most thoughtful people. This law, if enforced, wilL
■220 8CBOOL REPORT.
produce beneficent results, and prove an inestimable blessing to future
generations.
Ai'bor Day. — The annual Arbor day circular was issued, and the
day celebrated, as it has been for years past, with enthusiasm. Pub-
lic exercises were held throughout the county and the teachers, with
but few exceptions, report an increased interest. The children cheer-
fully take part in these exercises, and delight in planting and naming
trees.
School Buildings. — The school buildings are in fair condition, and
most of them comfortable and attractive. The boards of education
are particular about repairs, and in most of the townships furnish
blackboards and other articles of furniture when needed. A new
^nd handsome building is being erected at Blairstown, and two other
new buildings suitable in size to the demands of the districts where
they are located are about completed. One is in Washington district,
near Blairstown, and the other is at Bridgewell, in Oxford township.
Teachers^ Institute. — The annual institute was held November 26th,
27th and 28th at Belvidere. The teachers were all in attendance
except two or three who rendered satisfactory excuses. The well-
arranged programme prepared at your office was fully carried out,
and the instructors ably and entertainingly handled the subjects assigned
them. The institute was a pronounced success, and the expression
of all progressive teachers was that the time had been profitably
spent.
School Visits. — Two hundred and fifteen visits were made during
the year, and all the schools were visited as required by law. If time
would permit, four or five visits should be made to each school, and
this can probably be done in the future, for, under the Township law,
we have a less number of boards of education to meet and only about
one-fifth of the number of financial accounts to collect and audit.
Teachers need and are thankful for encouragement and highly ap-
preciate advice when judiciously given. The kind welcome received
from teachers and pupils has made school visiting the most pleasant
part of my work.
Teachers^ Examinations. — The examinations were conducted as the
rules of the State Board of Education direct. There were more of
the first and second grade certificates issued, but not so many of the
third grade. There was an increase in the number of applicants, and
a corresponding increase in the number of failures. These failures
work no evil to the cause, for they impress upon the would-be teacher
the fact that thoroughness is a requisite to the teacher, and without
which no applicant can expect to receive a certificate. Many of our
teachers, with commendable zeal, have secured first grade county cer-
tificates, and quite a number are working for, and contemplate apply-
ing soon at your office for. State certificates. Having had the faithful
and able assistance of Superintendent H. B. Howell, of Phillipsburg ;
A. H. Skinner, principal of Hackettstown, and R. M. Van Horn,
WARREN COUNTY. 221
principal of Belvidere, members of the county board of examiners, I
am sure that no applicants were unjustly rejected and that no
certificates were issued to the incompetent or unworthy.
Progress. — It is gratifying to be able to report an increase in
school register enrollment, an increase of average daily attendance,
an increase in the amount of district tax ordered paid, a decrease in
the amount of school indebtedness, and many other advanced steps,
all of which, being fully shown in my statistical reports, is not neces-
sary to repeat here.
Conclusion. — Permit me here to express my thanks to teachers,
pupils and members of the boards of education for their hearty
co-operation, and to acknowledge the very courteous treatment re-
ceived at your office.
REPORTS OF CITY SUPERINTENDENTS AND
SUPERVISING PRINCIPALS.
BAYONNE.
Charles M. Davis, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — In obedience to law, I have the honor to present the
following report concerning the condition of the public schools of
Bayonne during the school year ending June 30th, 1895 :
According to the census taken in May, 1894, there were in the
city of school age 2,995 males and 2,920 females, being a total of
5,915. This was an increase of 564 over the census of 1893.
During the year ending June 28th, 1895, the attendance in the
schools has been as follows :
High school 73
No.l
Enrolled.
Attendauce.
73
61
445
297
978
653
476
287
528
281
499
327
646
496
Total 3,645 2,402
This gives an increase over that of the previous year of 61 in
enrollment and 264 in average attendance.
The schools have been open 198 days, under the charge of seven
principals and eighty teachers; the average number of enrolled
pupils would thus be 46 to each teacher ; of the average attendance,
30 pupils to each teacher.
The teachers were distributed among the schools as follows :
(223)
224 SCHOOL REPORT.
High school 2
No. 1 10
" 2 18>
" 3 13
« 4 11
« 5 13
" 6 la
Total 80
There were graduated from the high school 24 pupils.
No. 1 20 "
« 2 23 "
« 3 6 «
" 4...., 8 "
" 6 , 13 "
Total 94
This is an increase of thirty-six graduates over the number lasfe
year.
Teachers^ Certificates. — As required by the rules of the board, the
seven principals hold each a first-grade State certificate. The
teachers have certificates as follows :
State, first grade, 3 ; State, second grade, 1 1 ; State, third grade,.
3-17. City, first grade, 22; city, second grade, 22; city, third
grade, 19-63. Total 80.
Of these fourteen are graduates of training or normal schools, and
four have taken partial courses.
Examinations. — The examinations of candidates for teachers' certifi-
cates are held at the same time and under the same conditions as the
county examinations ; the questions used are those prepared by the
State Superintendent for the county examinations. Special examina-
tions are no longer allowed by the board of education.
To the successful candidates there were granted :
First grade certificates (>
Second grade " ... 10
Third grade " 11
Total 27
Student- Teachers. — Tea student- teachers were assigned during the
year to the several schools in the city. Nine of these were graduates
of the high school ; the remaining one, who was a graduate of a private
seminary before her appointment, according to the rules of the board,.
BAYONNE. 225
passed an examination equivalent to that passed by high school gradu-
ates. At the close of the year their names were put lipon the eligible
list.
This plan works admirably, but the feeling is extending among our
citizens, and among the teachers also, that a normal training is essential
for the best work in the school- room.
Buildings. — For another year the sessions of schools No. 3 and No.
6 have been in the same building — No. 6 in the morning, No. 3 in the
afternoon. The inconveniences and disadvantages of this arrangement
continually incrfase. And there is no more prospect of a school- house
being built in the Third ward than there was a year ago.
Most of the buildings are crowded beyond their capacity, and bun-'
dreds of children have been refused admittance. The addition of
four rooms to No. 2, which will be ready next November, will afford
but slight relief, as nearly 200 children in that school attend only half-
a-day. A building (in addition to No. 3) that will accommodate 1,000
pupils would be filled as soon as finished.
High School. — The thorough and efficient work done in our high
school is becoming so well appreciated by the citizens of BayonnCy
that the number of pupils is rapidly increasing. It has now reached
eighty. Latin was taught in the senior class and will be given to
both classes hereafter. The course now embraces only two years ; we
are hoping for an early addition of a third year.
The Elementary Schools. — Notwithstanding all the inconvenience&
of narrow quarters our principals and teachers keep up their courage
and labor faithfully in their respective departments. Increasing
attention is given to teaching reading, especially in the primary classes
where this subject is made a matter of prime importance.
Vertical writing hae been introduced into all the classes except the
highest grammar ones, and with marked success. Where the hand
has become fixed through years of habit the pupils are not required
to make a change, although many have tried it and most have suc-
ceeded in attaining an excellent hand.
It gives me great pleasure to report the success of the experiment
in sewing undertaken in No. 4 last February. Those who saw the
exhibition of the children's work at the closing exercises in June,
were surprised at what the little folks of the primary classes had
accomplished in this line. This had been done without any less atten-
tion to their studies, and with great enthusiasm on the part of pupils,
both boys and girls. With a little effort by principals and teachers,
this work can be carried on in all our schools. When its practical
importance in life, as well as its educational value in school studies
and work, are considered, can there be any hesitation as to its intro-
duction ?
But whatever may be the convenience of buildings, furniture and
supplies, the success of the school depends chiefly on the teacher's
work in her school-room. Here broad and accurate scholarship is
15
226 SCHOOL REPORT.
requisite, and trustees and supervisors should insist on its possession.
But much more is there needed, an aptness to teach. The teacher, too,
should be an example to the pupil of whatever is proper in manner,
correct in conduct and right in spirit. To these qualifications must
be added a love of children, which will complete the curriculum.
It is not merely following an established custom for me to express
a good degree of satisfaction with the work done by our teachers
during the past year. Under the supervision of the respective prin-
cipals, general progress has been made, while in some departments —
and these not a few — even higher praise than this has been deserved.
CAMDEN.
Martin V. Bergen, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Sir — I, with pleasure, submit to you the following brief account
of the condition of our schools during the past year, my statistical
report having been forwarded to you somewhat earlier. There is very
little to add to my previous reports in regard to the condition of our
schools. On account of the continued increase of our population, it
seems almost an impossibility for our school commissioners to provide
adequate accommodations for those that apply. In several of our
districts, in the primary and secondary departments, on account of the
overcrowded condition of the several schools, we had to inaugurate
half-day sessions, it being the only means at our disposal to relieve
these districts. Our commissioners have increased the seating capacity
of one of the schools of the city by adding four rooms to the building.
In another district they have procured adjacent land to erect an ad-
dition to one of the schools in that district, which will improve our
seating capacity and allow us to admit 400 pupils craving admission.
But even this is but temporary. During the summer, improvements
were made to the various school buildings, thus making them more
pleasant to both teachers and pupils at the beginning of the present
term. We were in hope to report that our new contemplated high
school building was in the process of erection, but, unfortunately, on
account of the pressing demand for school room in the various sections
of the city, the school commissioners could not erect the building they
desired, one that would not only be a credit to our city, but would also
CAMDEN. 227
reflect the same in the many fine educational institutions in the State.
The only addition that has been made to the high school was to add
another room in the same building and place it in a proper condition for
school purposes, thus giving a temporary benefit to this school. Even
with this addition it is still cramped for room and cannot perform the
work that was intended when first established, nor will it be able to
do so until a building is erected with the proper facilities for this
branch of higher education.
Our teachers, with a few exceptions, remain the same as in my last
report. Classes were formed early in the year by the teachers for
mutual improvement and advancement, from which good results
were obtained. Our district principals and the teachers in their dis-
tricts believe in keeping in the front rank of educators ; in so doing
the matter of expense counts for nothing. The reports of the Com-
mittee of Ten and of the Committee of Fifteen have been eagerly
sought and discussed, to the mutual benefit of both teachers and pupils.
At the teachers' examination, held May 6th to 10th, 1895, sixty
ladies registered, fifty-three of whom attended ; eight were qualified
and secured first-grade certificates, seventeen second-grade certificates,
and four third- grade certificates, this being the last examination to be
held for the latter class of certificates. The remaining number com-
menced the partial examinations for higher certificates (first and
second), which, under the rules of the commissioners, they are
required to complete at the next annual examination.
The following report was made to the commissioners of education
by the chairman of the board of examiners : " The indications are
that hereafter the applicants for first grade certificates will be all but
exclusively teachers in position; such being the case, it suggests itself
as wisdom on the part of the commission to provide that a large per-
centage of the standard credits be based upon the candidate's actual,
practical, working, teaching ability as manifested in her every-day,
all-round work in the school-room. It is axiomatic that we learn by
doing ; it is equally true that we test by seeing done. To make
our schools prosperous, we must have not only educated teachers, but
teachers that can and will produce results, and, if this is true of
assistants, much more is it true in the case of principals. Once
devise the plan of defining and advancing such, and then will the
solution of the problem of rational, economic school progress be not
far off."
Arbor day was very generally observed by the schools of the city,
but on account of the limited space of our school yards, not many trees
were planted.
The annual teachers' institute was held at the Temple Opera House,
Thursday and Friday, November 8th and 9th, 1895. The teachers
of both city and county manifested their interest by their constant
attendance ; few were absent, and they from unavoidable circum-
stances. The exercises, like those of the preceding year, were
228 SCHOOL REPORT.
interesting, causing many of our citizens to attend each session. Ad-
dresses of welcome were delivered by George A. Frey, member of the
State Board of Education ; Charles 8. Albertson, county superin-
tendent, and J. C. Stinson, city superintendent of Gloucester City.
Among the many interesting lectures given were those on " Physical
Culture," by Dr. H. B. Boice, State Normal School; "Teaching
Essentials," Dr. A. E. Winship, editor Journal of Education j
" Specializing in Teaching," " From Instinct to Genius," Dr. A. E.
Winship, Boston ; " School Management," by Dr. Barringer, city
superintendent of Newark, N. J. ; " The Corner-stone of Our Educa-
tional Temple," by Dr. Louis Bevier, of Rutgers College ; " The
Disciplinarian," by J. S. Walton ; " The Imagination," J. S. Walton'j
" The Planting of a Nation," by the same ; " Science of Education
and Literary Culture," by Dr. J. M. Green, State Normal School %
" Elementary Science," by Prof. Austin C. Apgar, State Normal
School.
We have increased our library by the addition of 600 new books, and'
in addition to this, many of the works have been rebound, giving to
them an attractive appearance. The library is in charge of Miss Ella
Blowe, a highly- cultured young lady, who gives her entire time to this-
work. The library now contains over 3,000 books, which, before another
report is transmitted to you, we hope to increase by the addition of
1,000 new books. Camden will soon beast of having the best and
most complete school library in the State. The books are eagerly
sought and read by the pupils of our schools, as can be seen by the report
of the librarian : " That from the month of October, 1894, to May, 1895^
18,575 books were read by the pupils of the schools, and aside from this
over 500 books were issued to teachers. Our library embraces the
following classes of books, viz. : works of travel, biographical, histori-
cal, poetical, scientific, reference works and fiction, the best and purest
works only being added to our list."
Since my last report, the school saving fund has been established
in this city. On January 30th, 1895, the following report was made
by the teachers' committee, ordered printed and copies given to each
pupil :
" To the Parents of Scholars Attending the Public Schools of the City>
of Camden :
" The commissioners of public instruction of the city of Camden,
after careful consideration, have concluded to introduce the system of
a school saving fund in the public schools of this city. To that end
the commissioners have granted permission to the Security Fund and
Safe Deposit Company, of Camden, to become the custodian of this
fund. The system will go into effect on Monday, February 4th,
1895. Children are not compelled to become members of the savings
fund ; the matter is open to the judgment of the parents if they
desire to have their children join the system. Deposits of one cent
DOVER. 229
and upwards may be made with the teachers every Monday morning,
and withdrawal can be had by the parent and teacher signing a check
for the amount, on two weeks' notice. Interest will be allowed by
the bank at three per cent, per annum on sums of three dollars and
upwards. The commissioners of public instruction have ascertained
from other cities, where the school savings fund is in operation, that
the children are taught the habits of economy, industry and saving,
that make a lasting impression on the minds of the young which will
be adhered to by them throughout their future lives.
"Charles H. Ellis,
"Geo. D. Borton,
"Daniel M. Stevens,
" Teachers' Committee. "
A statement issued by the officers of the bank that during the short
time the system has been in operation, over 2,000 have individual
bank accounts of their own subject to check, with balances ranging
from $2 to $65, and more than three times this number are depositors,
but have not yet secured the required amount entitling them to have
a bank-book of their own. The amount in the bank standing to the
credit of the Camden schools October 7th, 1895, is $7,372.18
It is an especial pleasure to report substantial progress in all affairs
(|)ertaining to our schools during the past year.
DOVER.
J. H. HuLSART, Supervising Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — Through the courtesy of County Superintendent Cox,
I have the honor to submit to you the following special report of the
Dover schools :
While the past year has not witnessed the progress which we had
hopefully expected, the schools have so maintained their previous good
record under discouraging circumstances as to equal an advance under
more favorable conditions.
The unfavorable circumstances mentioned were the repeated preva-
lence of sickness in the town during the year. The conditions which
the board of education and the people could control were made as
230 SCHOOL REPORT.
favorable as possible. The opening of an annex relieved the large
buildings from the pressure of the previous year. A liberal suppl7
of text- books, apparatus and general appliances increased the effective-
ness of the teachers' efforts. The presence of contagious diseases
during seven of the ten months, however — diphtheria in the fall,
whooping cough during the winter, and scarlet fever in the spring —
greatly interfered with the attendance, and therefore with the general
work of the schools.
There were enrolled during the year 1,135 pupils. The average
enrollment for the year was 853 ; the average attendance, 765 ; per-
centage of attendance, 89.6 ; cases of tardiness, 439. Fifty-one pupils
were present every session during the year. Nineteen have not been
absent for two years; six for three years aod two for four years.
The high legal and professional qualifications for which our
teachers have been noted, continue. Among our corps of teachers are
thirteen State certificates, six first-grade county and three second-grade
county. The most approved methods are judiciously chosen and
intelligently applied in nearly every class-room.
Our teachers are remarkable for their devotion to their work, whicb
extends to the important preparatory work before and after school.
Each teacher was privately asked the following question : " How
much time per week, outside of the regular school hours, do you put
upon your school work?" The answers of teachers of all depart-
ments averaged thirteen hours per week, while several in the higher
grades reported more than twenty hours per week.
One hundred dollars' worth of books have been added to the school
libraries, besides the donation of several books. The libraries now
contain 477 of the choicest selections for grammar and high school
pupils, covering science, travel, history and fiction. One thousand
four hundred and fifty books were taken out during the year. The
reading of these carefully- selected books cannot fail to favorably
icfluence many of our pupils.
The grading of the schools remains about as descri6ed in previous
reports — that is, a primary course of four years, a grammar course
of four years and a high school course of two years and another of
three years. About half of our pupils, upon entering the high schooL
department, choose the longer course.
CRANFORD. 231
CRANFORD.
R. E. Clement, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — By request of Superintendent Holmes, the following
is respectfully submitted as my annual report of the condition of
Cranford public school :
The total enrollment to date is 318, divided as follows: primary
department, 204 ; grammar, 78, and high school, 36.
The class of '96 has nine members, seven boys and two girls.
Eight teachers are employed, being the same number employed last
year.
During the year classes in German and in commercial law have
been formed in the high school department.
The vertical sjstem of writing is row being taught in the first,
second and third-year (primary) grades.
The law requiring that all pupils in all grades be instructed on the
subject of the effects of alcohol and other narcotics is carefully
observed.
Approved text-books on the subject are in the hands of 147 pupils
in the primary department, seventy- eight pupils in the grammar
department and in the lowest class in the high school department.
Fifty-seven pupils in the primary grade receive oral instruction.
We have daily recitations in all grades. Members of the classes of
'96 and '97 were thoroughly instructed last year, passed a satisfactory
examination in June, 1895, and, having complied with the law, were
permitted to drop the subject.
Hygienic furniture has been put in the two primary class-rooms
used for first and second-year pupils. Both seats and desks are
adjustable.
The school library has been enlarged by the purchase of forty
volumes, nearly a hundred of English and of American classics have
been bought for critical study by the classes in literature, and a
new and excellent cyclopaedia has been placed in the high school
department.
In addition to an ample supply of " aids " (i. e., maps, globes,
charts, books of reference, drawing models, geometrical blocks and a
manikin) for primary and grammar grades, we have now a fairly-
232 SCHOOL REPORT.
furnished laboratory for classes in physics and chemistry. Our
pupils " study nature in the language of experiment."
The population of Cranford is increasing rapidly. Our school
building (erected in 1868 and enlarged in 1884) is already crowded,
so that within a year it will be necessary for the board of education
to supply additional room and another teacher.
EAST ORANGE.
Yernon L. Dav£y, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — I beg to submit the following brief report of the progress and
present condition of the public schools of East Orange :
The material growth in equipment and enrollment has been steady
and normal. The total number of pupils enrolled reached 2,732,
against 2,645 the previous year. The distribution of these pupils
among the schools and the number of cases of tardiness in each school
are shown in the following table :
Cases of
Enrollment. Tardiness.
High 306 418
Ashland 807 110
Eastern 665 122
Franklin 426 77
Elmwood 291 144
Columbian 237 33
Total 2,732 904
The teaching force was increased to sixty- five and the salary
appropriation to $49,000.
The libraries received 398 books, at an expense of $391. The
reading-room of the high school was supplied with the following
periodicals : Century, Harper^ s Monthly, Scribner's, Cosm'ipolitan,
Review of Reviews, Observer, Scientific American, Popular Science
and Yale Daily News.
EAST ORANGE. 233
The crowded condition of some school- rooms made it necessary to
(provide additional rooms and teachers for the ensuing year, and two
more rooms were therefore fitted up in the Columbian school, and a
brick extension was added to the Elm wood school, containing two
rooms, a teacherb' room, an office and large cloak-rooms, with indi-
vidual compartments for the pupils. The ventilation and closet
system are of the most modern type.
The dressing-rooms connected with the gymnasium in the high
school were entirely inadequate, and new rooms have been prepared
and fitted with two hundred ventilating lockers of the best type.
The room assigned to the girls has eight compartments, so cut off by
partitions and portieres as to afford the greatest privacy.
The number of pupils using the bicycle to and from the high
school was so great that the care of the bicycles became a serious
problem. This has been solved by the erection of a special building
sixteen by sixty feet in size with eighty stalls. This is locked during
school hours.
The Ashland school has bean improved by the addition of a hand-
somely-equipped teachers' room with eighteen lockers.
The walls of the various buildings are being changed from white
to some soft and pleasing tint, and it will be but a year or two before
all our rooms will be cared for in the same manner.
The most important change in the course of study consists of the
adoption of a formal course in nature study. This was prepared and
adopted with the threefold purpose of inspiring a greater love of
nature, teaching careful observation, and improving the work in com-
position and spelling by providing interesting subjects of discussion.
Pupils can easily be taught to compose if they are led to the discovery
of interesting facts, and spelling is most readily taught by means of
such composition.
Numerous books of reference are supplied for this subject, and the
teachers have entered into the work with such zeal and devotion that
large results have already been attained. The numerous requests
from schools in this and other States for copies of the printed course
^nd the adoption of our course in whole or in part in several cities
and towns show that there is a general awakening to the value of this
line of instruction.
After experimenting for some months, it was decided, in 1894, to
introduce vertical writing in the lower grades of all schools. An
experience of a year convinces us that the change was a wise one.
There can be no question as to the improvement in the legibility of
the writing of a majority of the pupils using the vertical system.
We are, however, not yet able to determine as to the relative speed
of the vertical and slanting styles.
The course of study in manual training has undergone several
important modifications. It became evident last year that much of
(the work was within the capabilities of younger pupils. The boys of
234 SCHOOL REPORT.
the sixth, seventh and eighth-year classes of the Ashland, Eastern-
and Franklin schools, are therefore now allowed to come to the rooms
in the high school for a lesson in joinery once a week. The girls at
the same hour receive instruction in sewing from their class teachers.
One hundred and seventy- five boys and the same number of girls are
thus instructed. Relief carving has been added to the course in the
high school. Fifty pupils are pursuing this branch. The purchase
of a good scroll saw, with small lathe attachment, has added to the
efficiency of this department.
In connection with the class in chemistry in the high school, a
photographic club has been formed, with a membership of twenty-
one. A suitable room for development has been fitted up, and some
very creditable work has been done by the pupils belonging to the club.
The labor of training pupils in declamation is always distasteful to
the teacher of other branches, and our work in this direction has not
been satisfactory heretofore. During the last year a special teacher
of elocution was engaged for this subject, and a marked improvement
has become evident.
Our school furniture is generally good, but the gradual wearing
out of desks and the opening of additional rooms have necessitated
the purchase of some new desks and a hundred and fifty adjustable
desks has been placed in three schools.
The spirit of earnestness and enthusiasm with which the teachers
and principals of East Orange approach their work cannot be too
highly commended. Such zeal is unusual, and I venture to say that
the results are correspondingly above the average. It should not be
forgotten, however, that this spirit is fostered by the generous and
considerate attitude of the board of education, who are individually
and collectively always ready to respond to the calls of the teachers
for apparatus and supplies, and whose moral support can always be
relied on.
EGG HARBOR CITY.
John Schuster, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — I have the pleasure of submitting herewith such school
statistics as are rtquired by law.
Having been spared by epidemic diseases and other circumstances
EGG HARBOR CITY. 235-
prejudicial to fruitful school work, and with well- qualified teachers,
we have reason to be well satisfied with what has been achieved during
the past year.
Funds were raised for another increase in our school library, for
which we are indebted to the untiring zeal of Principal H. C. Krebs-
and the allowance of the State.
Arbor day was celebrated in the spirit of the law enjoining its
observance.
Concerning the new features recently introduced in public schools
by legislative enactments, I beg leave fo state that also in this respect
the regulations of our pedagogical lawmakers were carried out. I
refer, of course, to the introduction of — first, special patriotic exer-
cises, and second, the embodiment of physiology, hyg'eae and anatomy
into the curriculum of our public schools.
Were I asked to speak of the relative importance of the two inno-
vations, I would not hesitate a moment to state that I regard the
second of far greater importance and usefulness than the first. I hold
that the patriotic sentiment had been sufficiently nourished before this
innovation, since in every school worthy of the name. United States
history must be taught as an obligatory branch of study, and I claim
that from this branch of study patriotism derives an immeasurable
amount of nourishment; the mere utterance of such names as Wash-
ington, Franklin, &c., never fails to arouse and 11 flame in the breast
of a student of history love for his country. Even the fate of the
traitor Arnold strengthens the patriotic feeling, although indirectly,,
for it very palpably illustrates to what disgrace treason leads. Besides,
we have the fourth of July and other anniversaries of patriotic nature..
To all this add the fact that when even in subjects of despotic gov-
ernments the love for one's native land is never absent, and that ours
is the freest and most prosperous country under God's sun, and it
must appear to every unbiased mind that there is no more urgent
necessity to arouse patriotism by special exercises than there is for
children to make ostentatious avowals of their filial love, or for a
man of boasting incessantly of his honesty.
The introduction of physiology, hygiene and the rudiments of
anatomy into the curriculum of our public schools, we hail with
delight, since a knowledge of said branches is not born with man and
can only be acquired by dint of well-directed study.
It must be conceded by all that a knowledge of the wonderful
structure of our bodies, of the processes of life, of what is required
to intensify and lengthen life, of what is detrimental to vitality, and
therefore should be avoided, is of far greater benefit to man than it is
to know the names of the planets, &c.
The books prepared to meet the requirements of the law in this
respect, take the most extreme point in regard to alcoholic beverages,,
condemning the use of beer, cider and grape wine, even when taken*
in small quantities.
236 SCHOOL REPORT.
Our most advanced pupils find it difficult to give their assent to
such opinions, knowing that of the 1,558 inhabitants of this town,
ninety are over 70 years of age, all of whom are temperate persons
'(drunkards die early), although most of the venerable old men are
wine-growers and of course wine-consumers.
They would sooner side with those who believe that Veritas est in
medio.
ENGLEWOOD.
Edwin S. Richards, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — In compliance with your request, I hereby submit a brief
report of the Englewood free school.
The enrollment for 1894-95 was 465, with an average enrollment
•of 363.7. In comparison with 1893-94, the increase upon the total
and average enrollments was 38 and 23 respectively. The percentage
of daily attendance upon the total enrollment was 71, and upon the
average enrollment over 91. The average number tardy per day was
six- tenths.
No change was made in the course of study, nine years being
•devoted to what is usually considered grammar school, and two years
to high school work.
Ten pupils were graduated. Notwithstanding an admission fee of
twenty- five cents is charged to our commencement exercises, the hall,
with a seating capacity of over 500, is generally filled. The pro-
igramme of exercises last year was a departure from those usually
.given on such occasions. It consisted of music, salutatory, lecture by
Colonel A. L. Copeland, a popular speaker, valedictory, presentation
of diplomas and awarding of prizes. The subject of the lecture was
" Life." It was a very instructive and entertaining lecture. All the
graduates participated in the exercises by giving quotations.
During the year an illustrated lecture on the World's Fair was
.given to the higher grades by Mr. E. H. Lyons, one of our towns-
men. It was highly appreciated by the pupils and many visitors.
An exhibition of school work was given at the close of the year.
While we think it was the best exhibit that we have given, it was in-
spected by fewer visitors. This was due, we think, to the fact that
the day on which the exhibit was given was an extremely hot one.
Examinations a^ a test for promotions were abolished in the
(grammar grades, and the pupils promoted upon teachers' estimate.
The results were very satisfactory.
ELIZABETH. 23T
ELIZABETH.
Wakren R. Dix, A.m., LL.B., Superintendent.
lo Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
The most notable event of the school year just closed was the deatb
of Mr. J. Augustus Dix, the City Superintendent of Schools, who
had held office continuously since May, 1880. His close identification
with the school affairs of this city for so many years, and his great
interest in educational matters, justify me in recording here a very
brief outline of his career.
Mr. Dix was born in Albany, New York, April 13th, 1831, but
was of Massachusetts lineage, both of his parents coming from the
vicinity of Boston. He was educated at the famous school of Charles
H. Anthony, and later at the Albany Academy. In 1847 he removed
to New York City, expecting to enter the New York University and
ultimately prepare for the legal profession, but after some two years'*
study circumstances compelled him to relinquish his plan and take up
a business career. While studying he gave great attention to elocution
and voice culture, at one time teaching elocution in a famous New
York school. His fine presence and melodious and cultured voice
always made him an agreeable speaker and reader, his rendering of
the Bible and of Shakespeare being particularly notable.
After leaving the university, Mr. Dix traveled for George P. Put-
nam, the publisher, introducing into school libraries the works of
Irving and Cooper. Later, in 1854, he took up the publishing busi-
ness himself, forming a firm ultimately known as Dix, Edwards &
Co., of which Frederick Law Olmsted and George William Curtis
were members. They owned and published Putnam's Monthly,
During the financial depression of 1857, he left the publishing busi-
ness, engaging in life and fire insurance in New York City, but taking
up his residence in Elizabeth, where he remained until his death,
with the exception of the interval between 1866 and 1874, when he
resided in New York City. Mr. Dix represented his ward in the city
council of Elizabeth from 1860 to 1862, acting as president part of
the time. He was one of the incorporators and for some time presi-
dent of the City Hospital. He was prominent in the Masonic fra-
ternity, and in 1884 and 1885 was master of Washington lodge. He
t238 SCHOOL REPORT.
was a fellow of the Geographical Society of New York. For many
years he vas busily engaged in church work, acting as a lay reader in
the Episcopal church. Mr. Dix married in 1854, and a widow, son
and daughter survive him. He had not been well for some time, but
his troubles were not considered serious, and his end came suddenly
and unexpectedly October 13th, 1894. The community was greatly
shocked and the expressions of sorrow and respect were universal.
The efficiency of his administration of the schools was unques-
tioned. I need only refer to the medal from the New Orleans Expo-
sition, gold medal from the Paris Exposition, and medal from the
Columbian Exposition at Chicago, as indicating the kind of work
done in the Elizibeth schools during his term of service. Acting as
his assistant in the work from the time he took office as city superin-
tendent in 1880 until March, 1893, when professional and business
cares demanded all my time, I was naturally very familiar with our
school system and was induced to take the office of city superin-
tendent October 29th, 1894, for the remainder of my father's term,
actually remaining in office, however, until September 1st, 1895,
when my resignation took effect.
During the year I held monthly meetings of the principals, when
we freely discussed the various problems presenting themselves in
school work, and all felt that these meetings were helpful. I also
inaugurated monthly meetings of the teachers, and ultimately we
took up a course of study in psychology, the programme at each meet-
ing usually providing for three ten-minute papers, each followed by
twenty minutes' discussion. The attendance was excellent and the
papers carefully prepared.
The wretched condition of School No. 1, to which attention has
been called by the superintendent for years, will soon, I trust, be a
thing of the past, as the school will probably be abandoned and sold
when the new No. 1 is ready for occupation. It was at first proposed
to build a primary school in the lower part of the city and the board
of education took the necessary steps to procure a site, plans, &c.,
but later this action was reconsidered and it was decided to pull down
the old building and put up a new school on the same site. Still later
it was concluded that the site was not large enough, and an arrange-
ment was made with Grace Church by which a portion of their
property was secured. It is leased for ninety-nine years at $700 per
year, with the privilege of purchase at $17,500 within five years after
the corporation of the church secures the authority to sell, which they
do not now possess. The plot has a frontage of 275 feet each on
East Jersey and Livingston streets, the depth being 200 feet, thus
embracing twenty-two city lots. It is in the immediate neighborhood
of old School No. 1. The building, which is now being erected, will
be a very large one, three stories and basement in height, and will
contain thirty class-rooms, one assembly-room and six small rooms,
besides two large play-rooms in the basement. It will be of brick,
ELIZABETH. 239
atone and terra cotta, and will cost, according to contract, $54,325.34,
but this will be increased over $3,000, as quicksand was discovered in
the excavation, making additional work necessary. It was hoped
that the building might be ready for use by Christmas, but it will no
doubt take much longer to complete it.
We have suffered considerably from lack of accommodations, par-
ticularly in the grammar department, as all our new schools are of the
primary grade, though most of the primaries, too, have been crowded,
and we have continued to resort to half- day attendance in the lowest
rooms of some of the schools. In some parts of the city, particularly
the outlying districts, we can accommodate all the primary pupils that
apply, but another school will soon be needed in the central part of
the city.
There were a few changes of teachers during the year, and we were
fortunate in securing three graduates of the State Normal School,
making nine now employed here. Our normal training class has pro-
vided most of our teachers for several years, and twenty- eight of its
graduates were in the employ of the city at the close of the school
year. There were six graduates from this class in June.
The course of study followed in our schools is the Model School
course, as printed in the New Jersey State Normal School report for
the year ending August 31st, 1892, with some changes necessary to
adapt it to our use. I made some further changes at the close of the
year to meet the diflBculties encountered in teaching United States
history and arithmetic, referred to in the annexed principals' reports.
The difficulty as to raising money for school libraries, Arbor day,
<fec., also mentioned in one of the principal's reports, has been obvi-
ated by a change in the rules made upon my recommendation. At
my suggestion the rule as to diplomas granted to graduates of the
normal training class was changed. They were formerly entitled to
first-grade teachers' certificates on graduation, but they are now re-
quired to first demonstrate their ability to teach by actual experience
in the class-room for one year.
Patriotic exercises were held in all the schools as provided by law,
and flags have been procured for all the schools.
Twenty-four pupils were graduated from the Battin High School in
June, eight boys and sixteen girls, being a larger proportion of boys
than usual. Inventional geometry was introduced during the year,
and provision was made for teaching Latin during the next school
year. Some needed changes in text-books were also made.
It has been thought for some time past that our school system was
getting so large that it required the attention of a superintendent who
could give his whole time to school work. Heretofore the board did
not feel that it could afford the money needed to induce anyone to do
this, and neither my father nor myself was ever expected to do so, as
the salary was almost nominal. This summer it was thought the
change could be made, but it was only accomplished by reducing other
240 SCHOOL REPORT.
salaries, $100 being taken from the salary of each principal, the
salary of supervisor of drawing being reduced from $1,000 to $700^
&c. It was decided that the superintendent should also act as princi-
pal of the Battin High School, and as teacher of the normal training
class and the salary was fixed at $2,000. I was not a candidate for
re-election, and Professor W. J. Shearer, of New Castle, Pa., was
chosen to fill the place made vacant by my resignation. My health
and strength would not permit me to continue the work under any
circumstances, and under the new conditions I could not do so without
sacrificing other interests. I trust that the schools of Elizabeth will
continue to prosper under Professor Shearer's administration.
Further details of the year's work will be found in the following;
extracts from the reports of the principals :
THE BATTIN HIGH SCHOOL. MISS L. H. SAYRE, PRINCIPAL.
When school closed last June it was expected that in September
we should begin work more fully on the new course of instructionj,
but we were disappointed in this, as we could not procure the neces-
sary books. We have, however, directed our efforts to the advanced
course, and made such progress as has been possible. We trust our
needs may be met the coming year, that our progress may be more
rapid toward a grade that shall at least equal that of other high
schools in this State.
In the scientific department the work has been continued by
observation and experiment in connection with the text-book»
Minerals have been studied in connection with geology. A contribu-
tion of about fifty specimens has been made by members of the Senior
class, thus increasing our collection to about 550. There have been
experiments in chemistry, on an average of once a week, beginning
the first of January, the year being divided between the two branches,
geology the first four months, chemistry the last six months.
Botany was begun in February. The work in this branch consists
of drawings and analyzing, pressing and mounting plants, as well as
study from books and charts.
Charts and drawings have also been used in the study of physics
and physiology.
English composition extends throughout the entire course. The
third class is so divided that each pupil prepares a composition on
some subject assigned, once a month. Besides this, exercises are
required, using Chittenden's Composition as a guide ; also applica-
tions made of words studied in connection with Swinton's Word
Analysis. The class has also read " Birds and Bees," by John
Burroughs, and Longfellow's " Courtship of Miles Standish."
In the Senior and Junior classes the course is pursued more criti-
cally. In the Junior class one period per week has been given to
ELIZABETH. 241
the study of American authors. The complete works of Irving,
Bryant, Longfellow, Whittier and Lowell have been studied.
In the Senior class thorough and critical work has been done with
English authors in various departments. The selections made have
been Shakespeare's " Merchant of Venice," Scott's " Marmion," Ma-
caulay's "Lord Clive," Arnold's "Sohrab and Rustum."
In order that more satisfactory work should be done in history, it
is very desirable that a change be made in the text-book. The one
now in use is not up to the times in method or arrangement. Meyer's
General History is better adapted to our needs and is recommended
by the authorities of our State Normal School. The teacher in this
department feels that there is also a great need of a more practical
work on rhetoric if she is to keep the classes up to the work demanded
by the age. Genung's Rhetoric will be of much more value than the
one now in use. The expense incurred in making these changes may
be lessened by exchange.
The work in mathematics has been considerably extended. Much
better work has been done in geometry, as a change was made from
Davies' to Wells' text- book, the latter being thoroughly up to the
times. In the Senior class the work has been through solid geometry,
embracing original work in connection with each baok.
The Junior class commenced regular work in this subjest in
January, and completed the first three books in plane geometry. In-
ventional geometry has been introduced in the first year's work, and
the results obtained have been very satisfactory ; not only has a gen-
eral interest in the subject of geometry been aroused, but it has been
the means of mental discipline. The teacher of this subject feels that
more satisfactory work has been done during this year than any pre-
vious year since the establishment of the high school, and that we
now compare favorably in this respect with other high schools.
The work in algebra has not differed materially from that of the
previous year, except that more practical work has been required in
problems, and a more comprehensive study of factoring in the Third
class and of simultaneous equations in the Junior class. There is
noticeable improvement in original thought throughout the entire
couree of mathematics ; the work is being made more practical each
year.
Mrs. FrazBr has continued her elocutionary drill twice a week,
Mondays and Thursdays, giving general exercises to the entire school,
and special attention to the Senior class. On Thursdays, immediately
after the opening exercises, members of the Senior class were called
upon to give recitations before the school.
The pupils have not been as careful in attendance as is desirable,
the cause of absence in many cases being very unsatisfactory. This
seems to be due in a measure, at least, to the idea that the attendance
does not affect their standing. This has been met to some extent by
16
242 SCHOOL REPORT.
considering the lessons lost during the absence, although not strictly
in accordance with the directions in regard to keeping the records.
It is encouraging to know that means have been taken to prevent
pupils who are not keepiog up with their classes from remaioing in
that class the entire year and then calling for an examination. We
have had several cases where pupils have made either no effort or but
slight, and have been the first to use the privilege of requesting an
examination ; there are certainly cases where it will be time wasted.
FLEMINGTON.
S. B. GiLHULY, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent:
Dear Sir — In response to your letter of the Slst, I herewith
send you a brief statement of the condition of our school. Our
attendance is the best we have ever known, and the enrollment the
largest. The increase in attendance is without any corresponding
increase in population, which is a gratifying reflection upon the work
of our teachers. Our building at present is not large enough to
accommodate all who seek admittance. The courses of study in the
grammar and primary grades remain substantially the same as here-
tofore. In the high school department there has been a change for
the better in the addition of a fourth year, also the placing of French
and Greek in the course of study. This gives now a full four- year
high school course which fits for college. Last year we sent three
young men to Lafayette and one to Princeton. The course of study
in the high school is divided in two departments, the language course
and the English or commercial course; the latter includes bookkeep-
ing, commercial geography, commercial law, penmanship, spelling,
English grammar, shorthand and typewriting — in fact, it fits the
pupils for business life. The language course includes two of the
four languages, Latin, Greek, French or German. Mathematics
includes two books of solid geometry and algebra through quadratics
and Feries, physics and the usual preparatory studies. Ecglish com-
position and English literature are taught through all grades.
HAMMONTON. 243
HAMMONTON.
H. C. Krebs, Super vising Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent:
Dea.r Sir — It is impossible for me to write accurately concerning
the work of 1894-95, as my predecessor, Mr. Salisbury, has gone
away. This report is therefore confined to plans for 1895-96.
The high school course of last year has been reduced from four to
three years. The fact that but three pupils would have completed the
four years' course has shown its impracticability, and has been deemed
sufficient reason for the alteration. Our school course now covers
eleven years, and our eleventh grade contains twelve pupils.
A few features of our curriculum may be of general interest :
First. The adoption of history and literature as the core of our
work, in accordance with the Herbart- Ziller-McMurry doctrine. Old
Greek stories, myths of other countries, Andersen's Fairy Tales, Rob-
inson Crusoe and similar books have evoked gratifying enthusiasm in
grades 2 to 5. Language work has received a strong stimulus
from this source. In our eleventh grade, daily forty-minute exercises
are given throughout the year to English classics. These are
thoroughly studied in the following order: The Life of Milton,
" Comus," Macaulay's " Essay on Milton." Special attention is given
to American patriotic literature, a most fertile field for literary culture
and the inculcation of sound, rational patriotism.
S(cond. The topical study of history and geography. A daily
thirty- minute lesson for an average time of two weeks is given on
one country ; and every available source of interesting and instructive
information pertinent to that country is consulted. This requires
much reading on the part of the teachers ; but one year's experience
will, to a large extent, remedy their present deficiency.
This method makes tte subject a living one. Countries of strong
national individuality are first studied (Holland, Italy, Russia,
China).
Third. Special attention to orthography and penmanship in the
higher grades. This is a matter of general neglect and acknowledged
necessity. The accusation of being old-fashioned does not deter us
from devoting considerable time to this matter.
244 SCHOOL REPORT.
Fourth. The introduction of German from grade 3 to grade
11 inclusive, making its study elective, under control of a German
specialist. About ninety-eight per cent, of the pupils take German.
Conelusion. — We aim at character- building as the end of our work^
endeavor to excite enthusiasm in the subjects of study, pay regard to
our pupils' health by limiting home study to two hours as a maxi-
mum, and develop and direct the special aptitude of every child as
far as is compatible with systematic work. We have adapted the
couree to the pupils rather than the pupils to the course. With these
ideas we hope for satisfactory results.
HOBOKEN.
D. E. Rue, Superintendent.
To Addison B, Poland, State Superintendent:
Sir — I herewith beg to submit to you the annual report of the
public schools of the city of Hoboken for the year of 1894-95.
The coming school year will bring a radical change in the organiza-
tion of our board of education.
The last State census shows that Hoboken has now a population of
over 50,000.
The new law giving the power of appointment of the board to the
mayor will, therefore, apply to this city. In the place of the twelve
members constituting the present board, elected by the people, it will
be the duty of the mayor to appoint eight citizens as trustees of this city's
educational interests. The present board has labored most successfully
for the well-being of the schools, and has been in the highest degree
harmonious. Several of its members are veterans in the service ; Mr.
Edward Russ was elected this spring for the fourth time as president,
which office he has always filled to the advantage of the schools and
the satisfaction of the public.
There was occasion in the last report to mention the overcrowded
condition of our classes. There is still the same complaint to be made.
It was hoped that we would find relief from overcrowding in the
erection of a new school building in the lower part of the city.
The common council, recognizing our needs in this respect, pur-
chased, early this spring, a site for a new building. Several citizens
HOBOKEN. 245
of the city regarded the location of the site purchased as unfavorable
for school purposes, and deemed the price too high. They have cer-
tioraried the action of the council and the matter is now in litigation
in the Supreme Court, and will not come up for determination before
next November.
This unfortunate delay in providing another building will necessi-
tate the continuance of the annex school in the upper floor of the City
Hall. This annex, although it furnishes accommodations for three
hundred and fifty (350) pupils, is almost totally unfit for school
work. We will also be obliged to continue the doubling-up process
in a large number of the primary grades, classes being separated into
two divisions, and one session of each division held each day.
It gives me great pleasure to commend, in this report, the public
spirit and patriotism of the two citizens of this city who presented to
the board of education the portraits of General Washington, which
adorn a room in each of the schools. Their names cannot be given
here, as the condition of their gift was, that the identity of the donors
should not be made public. The presentation of the portraits was,
however, made the subject of a public gathering, which was held on
the 18th of May last, in school building No. 6. An interesting pro-
gramme was arranged and carried out to the entertainment of all
present. General Horace Porter, President-General of the Sons of the
American Revolution, on behalf of the unknown donors, presented
the portrait*, which were accepted by the president, Mr. Edward
Ruas, for the board of education.
The high school maintains its high standard of educational work.
The system of promotion has been changed. Thorough competency,
based upon the year's work, is now a requirement for the promotion
of a pupil to a higher class. The classes are thus better graded, and
there will be fewer failures on the part of members of the highest
grade to pass the examinations necessary for graduation. A new sys-
tem of marking has improved the attendance, punctuality and deport-
ment in the classes. The commercial course is still open to the young
men and women of Hoboken, and is proving itself of great advan-
tage. The instruction in bookkeeping has been an especially note-
worthy branch of this course. Stenography and typewriting have
been introduced and placed in charge of a special teacher. Our school
thus equipped, will no doubt compare favorably with a great many
commercial colleges. The attendance in the high school, during the
past year, was very creditable, the average being 138 daily, with an
enrollment of 152.
The commencement exercises of the graduating class of 1895 were
held in the Opera House on the evening of the 27th of June.
They were attended, as usual, by a large and appreciative audience.
Addresses were made by Superintendent Barringer, of Newark, and
President Russ.
246 SCHOOL REPORT.
Instruction in free hand drawing is still given in our public schools..
The course in drawing has not been modified since the last reporto^
The German department remains the same, except that in the high-
school the study of German is confined to the commercial classes.
Night school, for the accommodation of those whose circumstances
forbid their attendance on the day schools, and who desire the elements
of a common-school education, was open for four months of the past
year. Ten classes were held, two of which were for the instruction
of foreigners in the English language. The sessions were held five-
evenings of the week. The attendance was not satisfactory. During
the coming year the experiment of having only three sessions a week
will be made. This change will, doubtless, cause the attendance to be
more regular than it heretofore has been, and the benefits of the
school will, in no wise, be decreased.
In Memoriam. — I mention with regret the death of Miss Theresa
Lambert, who, for a period of over twenty years, had been a faithful
and successful teacher in School No. 3. She had just returned to her
duties from the summer vacation when she was taken sick and died
after a short illness. Miss Lambert's success as a teacher was due, in
a large degree, to the influence of her personality over her pupils.
Her death is mourned by all who knew her, both in private and school
life.
JERSEY CITY.
Henry Snyder, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — In obedience to your request, I submit the following report
of the public schools of Jersey City for the year 1891-95 :
1893-91. 1891-95. Increase,
Total number of pupils enrolled 26,452 26,970 518
Average numbes on roll 18,790 19,555 765
Average daily attendance 17,351 17,986 635
Number of pupils in primary department.. 19,560 19,168
Number of pupils in grammar department, 6,190 6,997 807
Number of pupils in high school 702 805 103
Number of teachers 454 486 3^
JERSEY CITY. 247
I have taken occasion in past reports to call attention to the rapid
increase in the enrollment and attendance of pupils and to the diffi-
culty which the board of education experiences in providing sufficient
accommodations. This has always been a matter of deep concern to
the board. During the past year special attention has been given to
the problem by the board of education, as well as by the mayor, the
board of finance, and the board of street and water commissioners.
The result was the passage of an act by the Legislature authoriziDg
the board of finance to issue bonds to the extent of $250,000, the
proceeds to be used in erecting new school buildings. This is a very
wise measure, and if advantage is taken of it, and it is hoped that
this will be done, the problem with which we have been contending
will be solved. It is therefore expected that in a short time a suffi-
cient number of seats will be provided for all pupils.
School No. 15, to which reference was made in the report of last
year, was opened on December 3d, 1894. It proves to be an admirable
building. It contains full grammar and primary departments. Nearly
all the seals are already occupied.
The board of street and water commissioners, on the recommenda-
tion of the board of education, purchased a site in the lower section
of the city, and have recently awarded contracts for the erection of a
building to be known as No. 9. The principles suggested by the
board of education, and applied in the erection of No. 15, have again
been followed, and it is confidently expected that No. 9 will be as
nearly perfect in its construction and appointments as it is possible to
make it. It will front on three streets, Mercer, Brunswick and
Wayne. In the rear will be spacious playgrounds. All the parts of
the building will therefore be well lighted. Every provision for the
safety of the pupils has been made. The class-rooms, twenty in num-
ber, are all on the first and second floors. There will be five exits,
and four stairways, two fireproof, leading to the upper floors. These,
together with the wiie and direct halls, will facilitate rapid egress
should occasion require it. Large class-rooms, containing 225 cubic
feet of air per pupil, spacious cloak-rooms, offices for principals, and
retiring-rooms for teachers are provided. The third floor will contain
a large assembly hall capable of seating over 1,000 persons. The
building will be heated by steam, the indirect system being used.
There will be two fans, one supply, the other exhaust, for heating
and ventilating class-rooms, cloak-rooms, assembly halls, &c. The
courts containing the water-closets will be ventilated by means of two
exhaust fans. All the fans will be driven by electrical power. The
thorough ventilation of the entire building at all times of the year
is thus assured. There will be large courts and yards for the use of
the children during recreation periods. All the most approved sani-
tary appliances and every facility required by good teaching will be
furnished. The school will be ready for occupancy in Septemberj
1896.
248 SCHOOL REPORT.
Our high school is still overcrowded. The need of a new building
is constantly becoming greater. It is hoped that our city may take
advantage of the act passed last winter, allowing cities of the first class
to issue bonds to the extent of $300,000 for the purpose of erecting
high schools. During the past year 84 were graduated from the high
school, 59 in the four years' course, and 25 in the commercial (two
years') course. From the training school 46 were graduated.
The course of study of the primary and grammar grades has been
carefully revised. The revision was adopted by the board of education
in April last, and goes into effect next September. It is impofsible
to discuss here the character, scope and objects of the revision. I can
only indicate them briefly as follows :
First. In general, it may be said that the work in all subjects has
been outlined more definitely. Because the work was not stated with
sufficient precision, some teachers did too little, while others did too
much, and yet all may have adhered to the course. It is probable
that this will always be the case, no matter how the course may be
stated. The (ffort has, however, been made to reduce the possibility
of misinterpreting the instructions given to a minimum.
Second. The work in the several branches of study has been coor-
dinated as much as possible. No scheme of concentration has as yet
been devised which is satisfactory. This has not, therefore, been
attempted. But the work has been so arranged and distributed that
the several branches reinforce and supplement each other, and yet each
is an entirety in itself.
Third. Advantage has been taken of the unusual activity for some
time prevailiog among educators, and the conclusions reached by the best
thinkers have been adopted. Many of the recommendations contained
in the recent report of the Committee of Fifteen have been followed.
Fourth. The course in language has been fully and definitely out-
lined and the importance of language work, especially in connection
with the other studies, more strongly emphasized.
Fifth. More attention has been given to the reading and study of
literary selections, and, in general, in all grades more literary reading
is called for.
Sixth. In geogra|)hy too little was formerly required of the seventh
and eighth grammar grades (fifth year), while in several grades there
was too much unnecessary repetition. These defects have been
remedied by a more equitable arrangement and distribution. In the
primary grades the character of the work required and the order of
treatment have been changed considerably. The course in geography
is now finished in the second grammar grade (middle of the eighth
year).
Seventh. In history the work of the lower grammar grades has
been more carefully outlined and the subject-matter somewhat
changed. Special attention is given in the highest grammar grade
to the study of the Constitution of the United States.
JERSEY CITY. 249
Eighth. A course in nature study and elementary science for all
grades has been arranged.
Ninth. The course in drawing has been fully outlined.
As the course in arithmetic was revised in 1893, and is in suc-
cessful operation, no important changes were made in it.
Seven evening schools were maintained last winter for four months.
The following are the statistics of enrollment and attendance :
Males. Females. Total.
Enrollment 2,147 403 2,550
Average attendance , 738 188 926
Percentage of attendance 75.1 81.0 76.2
The attempt was again made to conduct them as systematically as
the day schools, and with success. As the rules for recording attend-
ance and calculating the percentage which are in force in the day
schools were applied in the evening schools, a fair comparison is
possible. It will be noticed that the percentage of attendance was
76.2, while for the day schools it was 92 for the year. Every effort
to secure regularity of attendance was made, and while the percentage
of attendance is not as large as might be desired, it is a question
whether, when the circumstances surrounding evening school pupils
are considereed, it can be very much increased, so that the attendance
must be regarded as satisfactory. But a more difficult problem in
connection with evening school work presents itself. It is to be
regretted that so many who really need the instruction given in the
evening schools do not attend them at all. It is not easy to say how
they can be induced to attend.
Early last fall a pedagogical society was organized among the
teachers. Its object was the thoughtful study of educational ques-
tions. Although membership was voluntary, nearly four hundred
enrolled themselves. The membership was so large that it was
necessary to divide the society into eight sections, which met every
two weeks after school hours in different parts of the city. Com-
payre's Lectures on Pedagogy and White's School Management were
used as texts.
During the year 140 teachers made a special study of kindergarten
methods and their application in the public schools, under the direc-
tion of Miss Anna Williams, of Philadelphia. The expenses of the
course, which was given under the auspices of the principals of
primary departments and included twenty- five lessons, were borne by
the teachers.
In these, as well as in many other ways, the principals and teachers
have shown great professional zeal. I testify with great pleasure to
ihe thorough and faithful work which they have done.
250 SCHOOL EEPORT.
KEYPORT.
S. V. Arrowsmith, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Sir — No material chaDge has been made in our school management
or methods of work since my last report.
New School Law. — The application of the new School law aflPected
us only so far as it pertained to free books and the provisions of the
Narcotic law. Both these features have been faithfully and successfully
carried out to the eatisfacLion of all.
Being organized under a special act, our board of education is com-
posed, as before, of five members, three of whom are college men.
Attendance, &g. — Upon the whole, the year has been a successful
one. Our total enrollment for the year was 719, with an average en-
rollment of 570, an increase of 18 over that of last year.
The number of cases of tardiness was reduced from 414 the previous
year, to 372 ; the percentage of promptness on the total attendance
being 99.8 per cent.
It has been our custom for a number of years to make honorable
mention of those pupils who maintain perfect records in promptness
and are not absent from any cause for more than three days during
the year, and at the close of the year, notwithstanding serious inter-
ruption on account of sickness, fifty-three were reported as follows, viz. ;
twenty-eight had maintained such a record during the year, thirteen
whose record extended over two years, two others had similar records
for three years, four for four years, five for five years and one for
six years.
Graduation. — Our graduating exercises were held in the Armory,
which, as usual, was crowded to its utmost capacity. An admission
of ten cents was charged, the proceeds being applied to our library
fund, which was thus increased by the sum of |79. The Rev. J. T.
Schock, president of the board of education, presented diplomas to
twelve graduates — eight young men and four young women. County
Superintendent Enright was also with us, and presented special
diplomas to four others who had pursued a post-graduate course of
one year.
Arbor Day. — As early as 1887, the pupils of our higher grades
were induced to consider the suggestion of planting at their respective
KEYPORT. 251
homes something over which they could exercise a constant personal
guardianship throughout the year. Careful instruction was given
them, not only in the planting of trees and flowers, but also in the
proper care of them after they were planted. A new interest was
thus awakened, trees were planted, and reports frequently made as to
their condition ; and ai a result, at the close of the year eight fruit,
and five young shade trees, were reported in a healthy and growing^
condition.
Since 1887, the enjoyment of our Arbor day exercises has extended
itself largely throughout the year, in informal but enthusiastic reports
from the pupils, on the condition of their plantings of former years,,
and the harvests which, in some cases, are already beginning to b&
gathered from them.
That our efforts have been rewarded with success is shown by the
following records :
d reported the successful planting: of
flower beds.
In 1887 we had reported the
successful
planting of
8 fruit
; trees 5 ornamental
trees s
ind 4
1888 19
i(
14
i.
" 28
1889 48
" 27
u
" 57
1890 50
45
l(
" 54
1891 36
46
((
" 131
1892 39
31
u
" 89
1893 125
98
(1
" 143
1894 111
96
(I
" 179
1895 116
" 159
((
" 164
Total, 552 521 849
These are some of the visible fruits of Arbor day in Keyportj,
apparent to strangers who visit our town, and recognized by our
residents.
The editor of one of our local newspapers a number of years ago^
in recognition of what had already been done in this direction, said in
an editorial : " The teachers of the graded school have only to point
to the vacant lots adjoining the school grounds, covered with an almost
impenetrable thicket of tangled undergrowth, and then to the school
grounds, embowered with trees. Only a few years ago the school lot
was as unsightly as its surroundings ; but now it is one of the most
beautiful in the whole country. "
Library. — Our library has proved a valuable adjunct to the school.
Last year 2,116 books were loaned without the loss of a single volume.
We added 150 professional and miscellaneous books during the year.
Our catalogue now numbers 1,038 volumes, classified as follows t
53 Reference books, including encycloptedias.
195 Professional and scientific works.
185 Histories, biographies, historical tales and travels.
75 Miscellaneous books for primary readers.
150 Miscellaneous books for intermediate grades.
380 Volumes of general literature by standard authors.
252 SCHOOL REPORT.
Oar teachers have especially interested themselves in stimulating in
their pupils a taste for the better class of reading.
Masterpieces of literature have taken the place of the regular school-
reader in a number of classes.
The result is encouraging.
MONTCLAIR.
Randall Spauldikg, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir. — Few changes have been made during the past year,
either in the organization of the schools or in the methods employed.
The year has been a prosperous one, and its close finds the schools
harmoniously united under one supervision.
Only two changes of any note have been made in the course of
study.
The vertical system of writing has been tried in the first five years
of school life. The results are satisfactory, and the system will
doubtless be somewhat extended next year.
The teaching of literature has been more thoroughly organized
than ever before. The work is begun in the lowest grades in the
form of story-telling and the reading of selections by the teacher.
The former predominates in the lowest grades, since much of the
material must of necessity be simplified for the youngest pupils. In
the older grades the amount of reading of selections may be increased
without risking the loss of attention. Regard is paid to the great
chronological periods, and the pupils' attention is directed to the lead •
ing characteristics of each period. The work of narrating and read-
ing is done by the teacher, books containing the requisite material
being placed in each grade.
School reading- books, consisting of collections of excerpts, are no
longer used. Books of genuine literary value have supplanted them.
Such books, by their unity and continuity, lead to an intimate ac-
quaintance with certain authors, and so cultivate the tastes and sympa-
thies of the pupils. But even such reading, having in part, as it
must have, the art of reading as its object, is inadequate and needs to
be supplemented by special attention to the leading thoughts of the
great world literatures.
MONTCLAIR. 25^
During the past year a large number of pictures of the artotype^
sort, mostly copies of paintings by famous masters, have been placed
in the school- rooms. Chromos in sepia tone also, representing ancient
ruins, and the best specimens of architecture of the ancient and modern
world, have been imported. It is our aim to make the school- rooms
as instructive and at the same time as homelike as possible.
An important change has been made in the organization of the
school system. The purely commercial and mechanical elements
have been separated from the professional. A gentleman has been
appointed school-house inspector and purchasing agent. Two func-
tions are thus combined.
Once a week, at stated time?, the inspector visits every school
building in town and receives from the principal a list of necessary
repairs or alterations. He examines the building personally and dis-
covers just how the suggested repairs or changes are to be made. If
only ordinary repairs or comparatively inexpensive changes are
called for, the inspector summons the proper workmen and the work
is done immediately. If the proposed changes are important and in-
volve considerable outlay, they are embodied in the inspector's
monthly report to the board of education, at the regular monthly
meeting, and are either discussed and disposed of in the same meet-
ing or are referred to the proper committee.
All school supplies are purchased by the purchasing agent. The
class teachers make their requests on requisition blanks, which are sent
to the superintendent's office on a certain day of the week. The re-
quisitions are filled out and sent at once to the teacher, so far as the
articles indicated are in stock. Requisitions for articles not in
stock are inspected by the superintendent and, if approved, are turned
over in a bunch to the purchasing agent. If these requisitions are of
an ordinary character and involve only a moderate expense, they are
purchased promptly by the agent ; if otherwise, they are referred by
the agent to the committee on supplies for further consideration.
Of course, an account is kept at the office of all goods received, and
each teacher is charged with whatever is assigned to her. The pur-
chasing agent receives a salary, and all rebates, therefore, inure directly
to the benefit of the town. The agent should be a man of discretion,
and one who, at the same time, is in sympathy with the school man-
agement. Such a man can be found in almost any community. Ex-
cept in a very large school system, only a part of the agent's time
would be demanded by the schools. He could easily conduct another
business.
The above plan is greatly to be recommended for its economy.
Repairs and changes are secured promptly and with a minimum of
routine, and at the same time expenditures are sufficiently guarded.
The greatest economy, however, is in saving the time of the superin-
tendent and principals, whose office is too often degraded to that of a
mere supply-clerk. In many cases the superintendent is compelled to
254 SCHOOL REPORT.
devote more than half his time to work that could be done, under
direction, by persons who could command less than one- fourth of his
salary. This is an unwarranted waste of public money. Professional
training should be left free to work in its proper sphere. The separa-
tion of the business from the professional work of the schools is so
important a matter that it has seemed to me that other communities
might be interested in our experience.
MORRISTOWN.
W. L. R. Haven, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — I have the honor to present to you this brief supplementary
report of the schools of Morristown for the year ending June 30th,
1895.
I do not know as there have been any changes, either in our course
of study or plan of work, sufficiently marked to call for special
mention.
I stated in my last report that we were giving much more attention
than formerly to the study of literature in the higher grades, and to
the character of the reading matter in the lower grades, with the pur-
pose of leading the pupils to read a better class of literature. We
are encouraged to continue our efforts in this direction.
Pupils in all the grades below the high school are required to com-
mit selections to the extent of from 50 to 250 lines, according to age.
These selections are very carefully made with the view of acquaint-
ing them with the best styles of writing, and of fixing in their minds
some of the best thoughts of our best authors. We believe more can
be done in this way toward character-building and moral training
than by any use of a text- book on ethics.
Our high school course requires three or four years to complete it.
Pupils may complete the English course in three years, though many
of the younger scholars take four years for the course, and find the
fourth year the most profitable one. Those taking Latin require four
years.
We have a prescribed course of reading, which all pupils are required
to take besides the regular class work. They are given a test in this
MORRISTOWN. 255
to ascertain whether they have read the books carefully and thought-
fully. This course of reading, always subject to change, will be for
the coming year as follows :
Third Class.
" Ivanhoe."
" Story of Liberty."
" Fairy Land of Science."
"Ihe May Queen."
Sketch-book — a. " Rip Van Winkle." 6. " Legends of Sleepy
Hollow." c. " Christmas Articles." d. " Westminster Abbey."
" Courtship of Miles Standish."
Shakespeare — a. " Julius Caesar," or, b. " Henry VIII."
" Tanglewood Tales." I. series.
Choof e one of the three — " Six Months in Sandwich Islands,"
'^' History of a Mountain," " Wonders of the Yellowstone."
Second Class.
" Uncle Tom's Cabin."
*' Snow Bound."
*' Enoch Arden."
"BracebridgeHall."
^' Tales From Shakespeare."
^' Vision of Sir Launfal."
" The Spy."
" Ruskin's Essay Work."
Choose one — " Rudder Grange," " My Summer in a Garden,"
*•'' Selections From Pickwick Papers," Holmes' or Saxe's humorous
poems.
For boys—" Talks With My Boys," Mowry.
For girls— "Self- Culture," Miss Chester.
First Class.
" David Copperfield."
'' Idyls of the King."
^'Macbeth."
" Marmion " or " Lady of the Lake."
" Ramona."
*' Backlog Studies."
" Compensation " or " Friendship."
" Knickerbocker History of New York."
" King's Treasuries."
Choose one — " Wonders of Water," " Half Hours in Field and
Forest," "Life and Her Children," "Friends Worth Knowing,"
"Age of Electricity."
256 SCHOOL REPORT.
MOUNT HOLLY.
Charles D. Raine, Supervising Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — As requested, I respectfully submit the following report of
the Mount Holly high and graded schools for 1894-95 :
Attendance. — For the year our enrollment has been 884, and our
percentage of attendance within a fraction of 90. Both the enroll-
ment and attendance were for a while greatly interfered with by the
prevalence of diphtheria in our town. For some two or three weeks
the schools were closed.
Buildings. — Our schools now occupy three buildings ; one of four-
teen rooms, one of four rooms, and one of only one room. The latter
is in the western part of the town, and is attended by the colored
children who live in that vicinity.
Though our new building has been completed and used but little
over a year, we now have but one room not in use, and that will be
opened at the beginning of the coming school year.
Our present rate of increase in attendance, if maintained, will re-
quire additional school accommodations in the near future.
The furniture is in excellent condition, much of it having beeik
purchased in recent years, and several of the rooms are equipped with
new single desks.
Teachers and Salaries. — Four of our teachers have State certifi-
cates; seven have first-grade county certificates; six, second-grade
county; and one, third-grade county. The force, as a whole, will
compare favorably with a like number anywhere in the State, and
should be as liberally compensated. Eight of them receive $360
each; five of them $380 each; one, $400; and four, $450 each.
Course of Instruction — What changes have been made in the course
of instruction have been for the purpose of securing better co ordina-
tion of some branches, a fuller range of reading for information and
culture and more careful language work. As required by the recently-
passed law on the subject, instruction on " The Evil Effects of Alco-
holic Beverages," has been added in all grades. Kindergarten work
has received much attention, and with gratifying results. Art work
has been continued and is becoming popular with the pupils and the
people, and the same is true of our business course. Latin has this
year been introduced as a high-school study.
NEWARK. 257
The course of instruction throughout is carefully arranged with a
view to providing, so far as possible, the greatest good for the greatest
number. Many of our pupils, especially the boys, find it necessary
to leave school at an early age to go to work. To benefit these, our
work, in plan, is somewhat similar to a series of concentric or regu-
larly widening circles. By this, in the lower classes, an insight and
some valuable practice is given in a number of branches which are
more fully developed in the upper grades.
Commencement — At the high school commencement held in June,
there were eight graduates. The Opera House was filled by patrons
and friends of the schools, and the exercises, which varied in some
particulars from the time-honored programme, met with appreciation.
School Exhibit. — The exhibit of school work at the end of the year
resembled that of the previous year but embraced more subjects and'
was larger in quantity. The art work and drawing, kindergarten
work, language, plant work and maps attracted much attention from'
the many citizens who inspected the exhibit. Each division displayed!
in its own room work done by its pupils in the second term of the year^
Aims. — For the coming year we propose making efforts to improve
on the work of the past by giving all the attention possible to lan-
guage, reading, nature lessons and business, as well as keeping up other
lines of work. In discipline and management, we shall continue to
avoid espionage and distrust, and endeavor to produce honorable, self-
reliant, trustworthy men and women.
NEWARK.
William N. Baeringer, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent:
Sir — The following is a summary of the statistics and suggestions
concerning the public schools of the city of Newaik for the year
ending June 30th, 1895 :
What I said for the year 1894, in relation to the public sentiment
and deep interest on the part of the friends of education in the pub-
lic schools of our city, can be most emphatically repeated for 1895.
The continued and hearty co-operation of the teachers in the ad-
17
258 SCHOOL REPORT.
vancement and improvement of the schools is to be commended. No
one knows and appreciates this more than does the superintendent.
The new couree of study has been followed with commendable
interest and success. The iofluence of the course in stimulating and
leading the teachers to better preparation for their duties. I feel
fully justified in saying that the progress along most lines in our school
•work has been sound and encouraging.
When this course shall be amended or modified as careful experience
shall point out, the course will successfully meet the demands of our
schools.
The introduction of algebra into the grammar school course, so far,
seems to meet with general approbation by principals and class teachers of
the eighth year classes. Much to the surprise of many of the teachers,
it is found that the time taken for algebra is not so much subtracted
from the arithmetic period, but more can be accomplished in the
remaining lime in the arithmetical work on account of the better
knowledge of the general principles of analysis, obtained through the
mastery of the algebraic forms of analysis.
The activity and deep interest of the board of education in the
-welfare of the schools are commendable. The board is indefatigable
in its eflPorts to increase and improve the school accommodations for
our city, and I feel quite sure that it will not be long before we shall
be able to seat and properly instruct all the children in Newark who
are entitled to attend school.
During the past year we erected two eight-room school buildings,
added eight rooms to one and four rooms to another, making twenty-
eight rooms. All of the?e rooms, except two, are now occupied with
full classes. These buildings are commodious and very convenient
for class work. [ regret that they do not contain assembly rooms for
the general gathering of the school and for public occasions. I fear
the unifying influeDces of the assembling of the school is not under-
stood and appreciated as it should be. Every school should have some
place where it can come together as a unit, and see itself in its oneness.
The board never was more earnest in its efforts for the advancement
of education in our city. There is a keener and better appreciation of
the importance of education as a means of security and perpetuity to
our municipal and national prosperity.
All the buildings are thoroughly examined every year by the
various committees that have charge of the different interests included
under our school management and supervision, viz., the building
committee, repair committee, heating committee, furniture and sup-
plies, and so on through the list.
The matter of better ventilation, lighting, warming and furniture
is receiving intelligent and efficient attention, especially single and ad-
justable desks for all the class-rooms. In my judgment there is no
more important question before our boards than that of desks and
NEWARK. 259
seats adjusted to the physical condition of the child. This matter has
been neglected altogether too long ; there can be no possible excuse
for continued neglect. Each child should have a single desk and seat
suited to him rather than he to it.
The all-absorbing question with us just now is the building of a
new high school. As you know, the city, through the common
council, has been empowered by legislative enactment to issue bonds
to the amount of $300,000 for such purpose. The initial steps have
been taken and we hope soon to have a high school building that will
meet all demands in our city for advanced education.
The system of records and reports are substantially those that have
been in use for several years. They serve the purpose for statistical
matter very well. Detailed records are important, but should not be
need as an end instead of a means.
I can say that the discipline and the instruction of the schools
are steadily improving in higher motives and methods. Character
^nd influence on the part of the teachers are taking the place of
physical force and the lower motives.
The superintendent's meetings with the principals on the first Wed-
nesday of each school month, the meetings of the class teachers with
the principals, the Principals' Association and the Vice Principals'
Association, together with grade meetings held from time to time by
the special teachers in drawing and music, are working a revolution in
our schools.
ENROLLMENT
Males. Females. Total.
Day schools 14,681 14,906 29,767
Evening schools 2,813 925 3,738
Total 17,674 15,831 33,505
Increase in day schools 722
Decrease in evening schools 499
Net increase 223
The above is the enrollment in the schools named for the year
ending June, 1895. The increase in the day schools is Substantial
and denotes a steady growth. The evening schools were not so suc-
cessful in the matter of numbers.
The following shows the number and distribution of the teachers
in the employ of the board :
260 SCHOOL REPORT.
Male. Female. Total.
Normal and training school, normal depart-
ment.. 12 3
High schoo] 11 18 29
Grammar school? 17 121 138
Primary schools 7 332 339
Industrial schools 6 6
Colored school 13 4
Special teachers 13 4
Total 38 485 523
June, 1894 35 469 504
Increase 3 16 19'
High School.
The number of applicants was 865 ; girls, 484 ; boys, 371 ; an
increase of 86 over last year.
The number graduated, 707 ; girls, 405 ; boys, 302 ; an increase
of 21 over previous year.
Of the number graduated, 211 were admitted by honorary gradua*
tion ; girls, 142 ; boys, 69 ; a decrease of 44 from last year, and 49S
by examination ; girls, 263; boys, 233; an increase of 65 over last
year.
Evening Schools.
The number of pupils registered was 3,738 ; males, 2,813 ; females,,
925 ; a decrease of 499 from last year.
The average enrollment was 2,470; a decrease of 479 from last
year. The average attendance was 1,882 ; a decrease of 450 from last
year.
The number of teachers employed in these schools was 85 ; males,.
46 ; females, 39 ; a decrease of seven from last year.
The growth and substantial character of the evening high school i&
worthy of commendation. This institution in a few years has come
to occupy an important place in the system of public instruction in
Newark. It is largely attended and highly appreciated by the classes
for which it was established.
The evening drawing school continues to prosper in all its depart-
ments. The institution has improved in all ways since the admission
of ladies some three years ago. We believe in giving the women the
same chance we do men.
ORANGE. 261
Summer Schools.
The number of classes established last summer was sixty-two, an
increase of eleven over last year.
The number of pupils enrolled was 3,316; males, 1,699; females,
1,617 ; an increase of 463 over last year.
The average attendance was 2,124, an increase of 368 over last year.
Of the 3,316 enrolled, 2,784 attended the public schools, 436 at-
tended private schools and 96 attended no school before entering the
summer schools.
Of the number enrolled, 1,965 were between seven and ten years
•of age; 1,220 were between ten and thirteen years of age; 131 over
thirteen years of age.
The number of teachers employed in these schools was sixty-seven,
an increase of eleven over last year.
These are growing in interest and importance. They are the most
popular schools under the care of the board of education.
I The kindergarten classes, now organized in some of the schools,
are more than meeting our expectations. The superintendent is
authorized to establish them in such schools as he deems practicable.
The kindergarten is the key to all elementary instruction. We hope
aoon to have such classes in every primary school in Newark.
In the foregoing, I have tried to present to you in a condensed
form the main features of the public schools in our city.
ORANGE.
U. H. CuTTS, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent:
Sir. — A gain of nearly 150 in enrollment, the near completion of
a new school building of twelve rooms in Ward 4, earnest and suc-
cessful instruction on the part of the teachers as a whole, and, in
general, a broadening and strengthening of the public educational
system of the city, are points suggested in a review of the work of
<the past year. The new building succeeds a wooden structure, which
was enlarged a few years ago, and an annex of two rooms, the use of
262 SCHOOL REPORT.
which has been attended with many inconveniences. A large increase
in numbers is expected to follow the opening of the new building.
The schools show a gradual gain in enrollment from year to year, in
fair proportion to the increase in population in the city. School No,
5, which was opened in 1889, has more than doubled its number of
teachers and of pupils. Nearly 700 children were carolled in 1894-5,
and half-day classes were arranged in the first- year grade after Jan-
uary. School No. 3, with its annex, has a somewhat larger enroll-
ment than No. 5. The other schools have been full. With the
increasing number in the higher grammar grades, and the difficulty
in providing accommodations in No. 1, the need of a new high school
building is emphasized.
A majority of the children in the public schoDls withdraw at a
comparatively early period in the course. To them the high school
is always something unattained. But in many cases it is not really
unattainable. A necessity which knows no law obliges some pupils^
to leave school during the grammar, or even the primary couree.
But a strong desire to remain for a longer time, with a will to make
the most of one's opportunities, backed by the sympathy and encour-
agement of the teacher, will often find a way for a more extended
course of study in the high school and higher institutions. Educa-
tion means added power as well as culture. The broader the educa-
tion a pupil obtains, with symmetrical training of his moral and
intellectual faculties, the more he will be able to benefit himself and
to contribute to the well-being of the community in which he lives.
At the graduation exercises of the high school on June 27th, nine-
teen pupils received diplomas. Four of these were in the classical
course, four in the Latin- scientific, and eleven in the scientific course.
Five of the class enter college in the fall term, two enter the State
Normal School, and at least two others will continue their studies at
technical or professional institutions.
The work of the schools has been creditable as a whole, and par-
ticularly good in certain directions. On the part of teachers, the aim
has been to use a clear and logical method of instruction and to omit
non-essentials. Original work in language, history, geography and
mathematics has been encouraged in the higher grade3, and the result
has been very satisfactory. Promotions do not depend upon examina-
tions alone, but more upon the grasp of principles, as shown in the
daily recitation, and upon the amount accomplished during the year.
PASSAIC. 26S
PASSAIC.
H. H. HuTTON, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — Last year we erected a ten- room building of brick and stone —
a very substantial and convenient structure ; well lighted, well heated^
well ventilated ; the sanitary arrangements quite complete. This year
we are putting up a sixteen-room building, having, in addition, an
assembly room on the first floor capable of seating 700 people.
It is diflBcult to keep up with the growth of this stirring, suburban
city. Passaic is the sleeping- place of many New York business men,
and this accounts, in a large degree, for its thrift in all enterprises,
especially the schools.
Oar revised manual calls for three courses of study for our high
school of four years each ; an English course, including German or
French, one or the other, at the pupils' choice, to be pursued three
years; a college-entrance course and an English-Latin course, in
which Latin, after it shall have been studied successfully one year,
can be substituted for certain studies in the English course.
It may not be out of place to state here our courses of study. A
good deal of thought and of time have been spent in arranging them,
having before us the suggestive and valuable " Report of the Commit-
tee of Ten."
264
SCHOOL REPORT.
Academic Course of Study.
U.
III.
IV.
English I ^?"^»^«^^l'^«" ""^P
° I. Literature 2p
Algebra 5 p
Civil Government 4 p
Physical Geography 4p
Free-Hand Drawing 2 p.
Manual Training, Music 3 p.
'PRING TERM.
Physical Culture, Cooking 3 p. Physical Culture, Cooking 3 j.
{Composition 1 p
Literature 2 p
Rhetoric 1 p
Geometry 5 p
German or French 5 p
English History 4 p.
English I f^P^^^'''^*^" JP-
" ( Literature 2 p.
Algebra 5 p.
Bookkeeping 4 p.
Physiology 4 p.
Free-Hand Drawing 2 p.
Manual Training, Music 3 p
! Composition 1 p
Literature 2 p.
Rhetoric 1 p.
Geometry 5 p.
German and French 5 p.
Botany 4 p.
Free-Hand Drawing 2 p. Free-Hand Drawing 2 p.
Manual Training, Music 3 p. Manual Training, Music 3 p
Physical Training, Cooking 3 p.'Physical Training, Cooking 3 p.
! Composition 1 p.
Literature 2 p.
Rhetoric ] p.
German or French 5 p
General History 4 p.
Physics 5 p.
Free-Hand Drawing 2 p.
Manual Training Music 3 p
Physical Culture, Cooking 3 p
English
f Composition 1 p
Literature 2p
{Composition 1 p.
Literature 2p
Analysis 1 p.
German or French 5 p.
History of Greece and Rome 4 p
Chemistry 5 p.
Free-Hand Drawing 2 p.
Manual Training. Music 3 p.
Phy.-ical Training, Cooking 3 p.
English — Preparation of Graduat-
ing Essay. Oration and Thesis.. 3 p.
German or French 5 p.
Astronomy 5 p.
Zoology 4 p.
j Revision of Grammar
[ and Analysis 2p
German or French 2 p.
Political Economy 4 p. Phyical Culture and Music 2 p.
Geology iReviews.
Physical Culture and Music 2 p
Reviews.
•A period consists of 40 minutes.
PASSAIC.
265
Ooliege-Entrance Course.
II
III.
T.
FALL TERM.
E"s"'4£sSr::.....;:;::::l?-
Latin 5 p,
Algebra 5 p.
Physical Geography 4 p.
Civil Government 4 p.
Drawing, Vocal Music and Physi-
cal Training 3 p
Manual Training 2 hours.
Cooking 1^ "
{Composition 1 p.
Literature 2 p.
Khetoric 1 p.
Latin 5 p.
Greek 5 p.
English History 4 p.
Geometry 5 p.
Drawing, Vocal Music and Physi-
cal Training 3 p.
Manual Training 2 hours.
Cooking IJ hours
{Composition 1 p.
Literature 2 p.
Rhetoric. Ip
Latin 5 p.
Greek 5 p
General History 4 p.
Vocal Music and Physical Train-
ing 3 p.
Manual Training 2 hours.
SPRING TERM.
E"s"»MS,it!::;::::::::::::2|;:
Latin 5 p.
Algebra 5 p.
Physiology 4 p.
Drawing, Vocal Music and Physi-
cal Training 3 p.
Manual Training 2 hours.
Cooking 1^ hours.
{Composition 1 p.
Literature 2 p.
Rhetoric 1 p.
Latin 5 p.
Greek 5 p.
Geometry 5 p.
Drawing, Vocal Music and Physi-
cal Training 3 p.
Manual Training 2 hours.
Cooking Ij hours.
(Composition 1 p.
Literature 2 p.
Analysis 1 p.
Latin 5 p.
Greek 5 p.
History of Greece and Rome 4 p.
Vocal Music and Physical Train-
ing 3 p.
Manual Training 2 hours.
Reviews.
F r },/ Composition 1 p. English — Preparation of Gradu-
° ^ (.Literature 2pj ating Essay, Oration or Thesis.. 3 p.
Latin 5 p. Latin 5 p.
Greek 5 p Greek 5 p.
Physics 5 p. Chemistry 5 p.
Vocal Music and Physical Train- iVocal Music and Physical Train-
ing 3 p ing 3 p.
Manual Training 2 hours. Reviews.
NOTE 1.— American History is completed in the Grammar School.
— "First Steps in Ala^ebra " and Coacrete Geotaetry will each have been pufjued cue-
half year in the first or highest Grammar Grade.
266 SCHOOL REPORT.
English-Latin Course.
I. — For this course tlie following studies are to be regarded as imperative :
1. Civil Government.
2. English— as in Academic course.
3. Algebra.
4. Geometry.
5. Bookkeeping.
6. Physics.
7. Physiology.
8. General History.
II. — Latin may be substituted for the following :
1. Physical Geography.
2. Chemistry.
3. Geology.
4. Political Economy.
5. Astronomy.
6. Zoology.
in. — Latin cannot be substituted for studies in the Academic course,
unless pursued at least one year.
Further, the examination in Latin at the close of each term must show a
proficiency in the study indicated by 75 per cent.
High School Course in Drawing for the First Three Years.
Appearance, or Drawing From Ob.iects.
freehand.
Geometric Solids. — Single a.nd in groups ; also, plant forms, in outline and
in light and shade.
Decoration. — Historic ornament— giving examples — in large drawing of
the principal types of Egyptian and Greek styles.
Original units obtained from historic ornament and from the conven-
tionalization of flowers and leaves.
Original arrangements for surface coverings and borders, which will be
■worked in outline and in color.
APPEARANCE.
Same as first year, with the addition of groups of objects, based on geo-
metric solids.
DECORATION.
Historic Ornament.— 'Exa.mples of principal types of Roman, Romanesque,
Byzantine, Saracenic and Gothic styles.
Original units obtained in same manner as in first year, to be used in
original arrangement for bilateral designs — panels — worked in outline and
colors. ^^^^tUM
Free-Hand Drawing in Charcoal. — From sample casts, worked in light and
shade.
Decoration. — Historic ornament, comparative study of historic styles.
Original units obtained from plants, showing character of growth, flowers
and foliage.
Original arrangements for material purposes— worked in outline or color.
PASSAIC. 26T
High School Course.
VOCAL MUSIC.
Dictation work, embracing all kinds of time, in all the keys, using sharps,,
flats and intervals. Adaptation of rhythm. Transposition by keys and
clefs. Chorus and solo work. Part-singing. Preliminary work in har-
mony. Major and minor keys.
Solo and choir work must receive daily attention in all the grades, pri-
mary, grammar and high school. And to reach the standard at which we
aim, daily attention must be given by the teachers to the grade work.
In June last we graduated a class of 21 pupils from our high school ;.
2, from the college- entrance course; 11, from the academic course^
and 8 from the Eoglish-Latin course.
As was expected, the high school enrollment increases rapidly from
year to year. The leave a of intelligence is spreading, and the older
class of pupils are beginning to entertain the opinion that it is better
to become well prepared for the business world into which they must
soon enter. Hereabouts, in former years, they were accustomed to leave
studies and go away into New York stores and business establish-
ments quite too young and unprepared.
A complete revolution has been made in the teaching of English.
In the high school one teacher has charge of that branch through the-
entire four years. She brings fine ability to the work, and there is
promise of marked success. Some pupils already have it coined in
their minds that they are to become j )urnalists — something new, I
think, in high school experience.
There is a line of occupation for out-of-school hours, called " Nature
Work," that is coming to the attention of workers in the schools,,
teachers and pupils. Something is to be noted every day of the year.
The progress of the seasons ; of vegetation ; the coming and going of
the feathery tribes ; the growth of crops ; the march of events in the
communities ; the progress of improvements in building and public
works and in the useful arts.
The object is to encourage habits of atteation, to store the mind
with data from which to draw conclusions, and to furnish abundance
of materials out of which good academic compositions may grow.
And here the drawing taught in the schools is to be summoned to
the aid of the pupils. Every composition should be illumined with
pencil and pen sketches of the objects described in the compositions.
At last penmanship, composition and drawing all are to go hand-in-
hand in the pupils' work at the schools. This bread cast upon the
waters will be seen again in the near future.
268 SCHOOL REPORT.
PATER80N.
J. A. Reinha-rt, Ph.D., Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — I traosmit herewith the annual report of the condition
■of the public schools in the city of Paterson for the school year end-
ing June 30th, 1895.
The past year is the third year of the school administration under
the law creating for cities of the second class an appointed board
■called the Commissioners of Public Instruction.
Number and Kinds of Schools.
formal training school, with associated practice classes 1
Migh school,. 1
Elementary schools , 18
Manual training school (workshop in wood) 1
Almshouse school 1
Total number of schools 22
INumber of school buildings 18
dumber of school buildings rented for school purposes 3
Total number of school buildings , 21
Number and ClassiJiGation of Teachers.
l^umber of principals 18
Assistant principals 1
Normal and high school instructors 14
Teachers employed in departmental work, fifth to eighth grade... 48
"Teachers employed in fifth grade, non- departmental 10
Teachers employed in elementary schools, first to fourth grades.. 158
Teachers in elementary schools, kindergarten grades 10
Teachers in elementary schools, sub-primary grades 8
PATERSON. 26^
Supervisor of drawing 1
Supervisor of kindergarten work 1
Supervisor of woodwork 1
Total number of teachers 270
Enrollment and Attendance.
Total number of children between the ages of 5 and 18 years,
according to census, May, 1895. 24,642
Whole number of pupils enrolled in the various day schools
during the year 14,033
Average enrollment in the day schools during year 10,730
Average attendance in the day schools during year 9,665
Whole number of pupils enrolled in evening schools 2,710
Evening school enrollment averaged for ten months 541
Whole number of pupils enrolled, all schools 1 6,74S
Average enrollment, all schools 11,271
Average evening school attendance (three months) 1,050
Evening school attendance averaged for ten months 315-
Average attendance, all schools 9,980
Number enrolled June 30th, 1895 10,060
Development of School System. — The number of teachers employed
has, during the year, increased from 257 to 270, being an increase of
13, exactly equaling the number of teachers added during the pre-
vious year. The school census has increased from 24,303 to 24,-
642. The average enrollment shows an increase of 492 pupils ; the
average daily attendance of 512 pupils. The number of pupils
enrolled in the high school during the year was 489. The number
enrolled during the year in the normal school is 58.
Condition of School Work. — Looking at our schools as a whole,,
there has been substantial progress during the year in the develop-
ment of our school work. It is true that some of our schools need^
many changes, in both the matter and method of instruction, and
especially in means and methods of administration, before they can
be looked upon with entire satisfaction. There are, however, many
encouraging features of the work. There are to-day more schools
than at this time last year which can rightly be regarded as doing:
satisfactory work. More principals now than formerly are making
their school work a real study, and are earnestly endeavoring to do
progressive work. The instruction in the normal school is develop-
ing along good lines. The hope of the continued improvement of
our schools must rest chiefly upon the graduates of this city normal
school. The high school is doing good work. Latin has, during
the year, been added to the course of instruction, and the first year's
•270 SCHOOL EEPORT.
teaching in this subject has been characterized by energy and success.'
The high school work should, in general, be developed more fully on
the objective and inductive line. The mechanical drawing should be
supplemented by instruction in free-hand work throughout every year
of the course. Instruction in physics and chemistry should, so far as
the equipment of apparatus will permit, be based upon the experi-
mental and inductive method. The course should be lengthened to
four years instead of three.
The elementary school work is being slowly brought out of a nar-
row devotion to mechanical methods and aims into a freer, more
objective and more rational procedure. The general recommendations
looking to the proper development of the work of our schools which
I would make are as follows : The appointment of a supervisor of
primary work, the addition to the normal and high school corps of
an additional teacher of natural science, who should also teach obser-
vational natural science in both schools; also the addition of two
other instructors ; and the extension, as previously intimated, of the
high school course from three to four years.
Optional Classes in Natural Science. — A special indication of the
good spirit of our corps of teachers is to be found in the success of the
optional clasfes in natural science. Instruction in this important
■department of learning has been given by the superintendent in
weekly inductive and objective studies at School No. 1, on Thursday
afternoons, running through several months of the past school year.
Attendance has been optional on the part of teachers, and their in-
terest and their support of the superintendent has been gratifying.
The course in structural botany extended during May, June and
September, and the attendance upon this course of optional studies
was often 150. The average attendance of teachers, pupil- teachers
and others was more than 100. A similar course of studies in physi-
cal geography was also conducted, the average attendance upon which
was 125.
Compulsory Attendance Law. — I would earnestly commend to your
attention the necessity for a revision of and a more faithful execution
of the law compelling attendance upon schools. To a very large
extent the law on this subject is a dead letter. There seems to be a
general lack of interest in the enforcement of this law on the part of
all State officers. We endeavor to do what we can through the
truant officer. What is needed is the appointment of attendance
agents under such provisions of law as will insure a house-to-house
canvass, with inquiry as to the attendance of all persons of school age
at some school, with accompanying power to enforce said attendance.
It would reflect credit upon our State administration, if through leg-
islative enactment a real compulsory attendance upon schools should
be realized on the part of every person who does not willingly attend.
There is, in this city, and I presume in every other city in the State,
a considerable number of young people growing up in ignorance and
PERTH AMBOY. 271
therefore in vice. There is reason to believe that there is a general
evasion of the law forbidding the employment of persons under
fifteen years of age in factories, mills, &g., unless they shall have
attended, within twelve months immediately preceding, some school
for twelve consecutive weeks. Inquiry on this point would probably
reveal flagrant violation of law. I may be mistaken on some of the
points herein mentioned, but my impression is that I have with sub-
stantial correctness stated the facts. I wish that yourself or the State
Board of Education would order an inquiry into this matter, that
the real facts might be known. No persons applying for admission
to our schools are now turned away.
PERTH AMBOY.
Adrian Lyon, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — I herewith submit my annual report of the condition
of the public schools of Perth Amboy.
Although there is vast room for improvement, yet the general con-
dition of the schools was never better than it is at this time. The
high school department, though small, is gradually gaining a higher
degree of excellence, and its graduates are admitted to the second year
of the normal school without further examination. The course in
this department covers a period of three years, and includes Latin,
the sciences and literature. The course of study up to entrance to the
high school comprises eight years, making the whole course one of
eleven years.
Effort has been made during the past year to establish the schools
on a more systematic basis as to the course of instruction ; there not
being, heretofore, that standard among all the schools which is con-
ducive to the best results. The manual of instruction has been
revised and a great part of it taken from that of the State Model
School.
Twenty- six teachers and principals are now employed in the schools.
During the past year an organization has been formed among them
for the purpose of exchanging ideas and for mutual benefit along the
line of school work. The good results of this organization have
already been seen.
272 SCHOOL REPORT.
The great cry during the past few years has been for more room.
So crowded has been the condition of the schools that in Schools Nos.
1 and 2 it has been necessary to divide the primary rooms into half-
day sessions, half of the pupils coming in the morning and half in the
afternoon. This diflBculty, however, has been helped by an addition
of four rooms to School No. 2 and by opening a new school known as
School No. 4. Further steps have also been taken for the erection of
a new building to cost about $20,000, which will be ready for occu-
pancy about April Ist, 1896. The population of Perth Amboy is
rapidly increasing and soon this building, too, will be filled.
It is the ambition of the board of education, however, to keep up
with our increase of population by giving enough room to accom-
modate every pupil. And not only this, but to keep up with
educational progress in every direction by providing the best school
accommodations and the best instructors.
PLAINFIELD.
Henby M. Maxson, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — I have the honor to present you the report of the public
schools of Plainfield for the year ending June 30th, 1895.
The general condition of the schools is as follows :
Number of children between five and eighteen years of age, as
reported by the census of May, 1895 2,837
Enrollment, 1894-95 2,166
Average membership 1 ,686
Average attendance 1,526.2
Percentage of attendance 91
Nu mber of teachers 53
Number of classes 45
Number of buildings 6
This shows an increase of 118 in the number of pupils enrolled
and an increase of 74 in the average attendance.
One additional building has been brought into use, the increased
PLAINFIELD. 273
attendance making it necessary to open two rooms in the house on the
lot bought for the new high school.
It is our theory that there should be not more than forty pupils in
a room, but the increased number of our pupils and the lack of room,
in many instances, compel us to waive the theory and do the best we
can with a larger number.
When the little children began to flock in at the opening of the
spring term, it was voted that the new school necessary should be a
kindergarten, so we have one more of those most desirable introduc-
tions to school life for young children. It is hoped that in time eack
building may contain one of them.
The teaching force is as follows :
Superintendent 1'
High school 6-
Grammar school, sixth to ninth year 11
Primary school, first to fifth year 28
Assistants to principals S
Kindergartens 2.
Supervisor of music 1
Supervisor of drawing 1
Total 5a
Of these teachers, forty graduated from normal schools or training:
classes or from colleges ; and all others are teachers of long and suc-
cessful experience. The standard of qualification in the appointment
of teachers is very high, no one being appointed to a permanent posi-
tion except graduates of colleges or normal schools. The question of
politics, relationship, or residence has no weight in deciding appoint-
ments, and efficiency is the only means for retaining a position which
has once been given. The teachers are, almost without exception,
readers of school j ournals and professional books and regular in their
attendance upon teachers' meeting.
Our salaries are graded not according to the grade of the class, but
according to efficiency and length of service.
In instruction, while we are not in haste to adopt that which is new
and untried, we do aim to use the modern approved methods, keeping
in mind that really the most valuable results of education are power
and character, and striving to develop them in each child in as great
a degree as the conditions will permit. With this in view, we strive
more and more to make the teaching realistic by use of objects,
when practicable, by relating the work to the affairs of daily life, and
by introducing matter that will cause the pupil to think and to
observe. Our city was one of the few that had not introduced the
free- book system ; but, after the passage of the new law, the work
was at once begun and the necessary books supplied at the opening oS
18
274 SCHOOL REPORT.
school in the fall. The law has proved very welcome to the teachers
in many waye, but particularly by enabling them to do better work
by furnishing them with a wider variety of books.
In history, all the pupils were not supplied with one text, as here-
tofore, but part of the class with one and part with another. The
subject was then presented by topics and the pupils led to consult both
books and to use other books that were supplied for reference. It
also enabled us to have an intermediate history in the seventh year
for the class to read carefully and to begin the regular study of the
subject in the eighth year.
In geography, a similar plan was followed, diflPerent classes having
a different book, so that when the pupils are promoted they may have
a new book to interest them. We are trying the experiment of using
a complete geography in the fifth grade in place of the brief, dry pri-
mary geographies commonly used in that grade. The use of topics
is begun in that grade and, with "This Continent of Ours" as the
reader, the work seems very successful.
In reading the new law brought the greatest change of all, for it
enabled us to have several sets of readers in the lower grades instead
of one book only, and in the higher grades the books bought were not
regular readers but more of the nature of general literature. It is our
plan after the third grade, when the pupil has attained some facility
in reading, to make the study of literature increasingly prominent
until in the eighth and ninth years that shall be the chief aim of the
reading lesson.
Language has always been an unsatisfactory subject with us, but
now we have the work mapped out with more definiteness, and look
for more satisfactory results. Our aim in teaching is to give the
pupil facility and correctness in the use of language. While techni-
cal grammar is not neglected it is reduced from its place of chief
importance and receives attention chiefly in the class preparing for
the high school.
The work of bringing the school and the public library closer
together has been carried on as in the previous year. The teachers
and pupils receive special privileges in the library, and when a teacher
is about to treat some special subj ect in history or geography the re-
sources of the library are opened to her and numbers of books loaned
to the class for use in the school-room. At times the librarian has
collected in the reception-room all the books on a certain range of
subjects and the teachers have been notified to come and examine
them at their pleasure. A special list of geographical reading was
prepared by the librarian and published as a part of my last report
for circulation among the teachers and the parents.
The principal innovation of the year is the introduction of vertical
handwriting. Believing that it would be better hygienically, and would
furnish a more legible handwriting for the majority of the pupils,
I decided to make a trial of it in the Washington School. The classes
PEINCETON. 275
range from the first to the fifth year, and the older classes had already
attained considerable facility in the Spencerian system, but all were
transferred to the vertical. The results of the year's trial are very
satisfactory, and the teachers are a unit in favor of the new system.
At the end of the year specimens from each pupil were collected and
laid before the board, with the result that a vote was passed to intro-
duce it into all the primary grades the coming year.
Some little advance has been made in the treatment of truancy by
the appointment of a policeman as special truant officer. The Legis-
lature could help very much those cities that wish to decrease truancy,
by passing a law requiring parents to keep children in school a larger
number of weeks when not at work, and compelling employers to
have on file a certificate of school attendance for every child employed.
PRINCETON.
A. W. Hartwell, Prikcipal.
To Addison B, Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — Since my last report the schools of the borough liave pro-
gressed in a manner satisfactory to the board of education and to the
patrons generally.
The kindergarten has fairly passed the experimental stage ; it may
now be considered a part of the permanent organization of the schools.
Children younger than five years of age, say between four and five,
would be greatly ben^fited by this system of training, but we have
refrained from registering any under five.
One of the " games " formed a most attractive feature of the closing
exercises last June. Many people were astonished to see such small
pupils acquit themselves so well, but there was no mystery about the
performance ; the pupils were so thoroughly interested in their game
that, for the time being, they thought of nothing else. To interest
the children in what they do is a specialty of kindergarten work.
A little experience has enabled us to remedy some of the vexatious
circumstances attending the use of free books and supplies. A record
of the condition of books when loaned to pupils is kept, and that fixes
the responsibility for any damage during the period for which they
are loaned. By the same record a trace of every book is preserved,
and some pupils may be held accountable for any book lost or mislaid.
276 SCHOOL REPORT.
These aud other safeguards reduce abuses to the minimum, and all
teachers must appreciate the advantage of being able to place books in
the hands of every member of a class at once. After all, such an
advantage outweighs every minor consideration.
Since the last report a new catalogue of the school library has been
issued. The summary gives the following information :
VoL
Poetry and fiction 383
Biography 85
Travel and adventure 103
Physiology and laws of health Q
Good morals and etiquette 8
Useful and fine arts and amusements 12
Popular science 33
Essays, sermons and miscellaneous 68
Total 768
The true total is 771 volumes, 3 volumes, catalogued, being acci-
dentally omitted in the summary.
All the books have been carefully selected, especially the works of
fiction. Good, wholesome literature is placed within the reach of
every pupil, and the reading of vicious books or cheap, sensational
publications is now of rare occurrence. The formation of a taste for
good reading, it is thought, will prove to be a safeguard in the future.
A very pleasing incident of the close of the school year was the
annual meeting of the Alumni Association. A public school alumni
association may be a novelty, but there are quite as good reasons for
its existence as can be given for similar societies in the higher institu-
tions of learning. What a satisfaction to know that old pupils are
banded together to help the school! A teacher feels strengthened^
and the school is benefited in many ways. The association now
numbers 106 members, and seems likely to be a permanent organiza-
tion.
The Model School Times and Alumni Record, the school annual,
increases in interest year by year. It is a souvenir of the closing
which all seem to prize. This year the issue was larger than ever
before.
As a stimulus to composition writing, a school publication is
worthy of commendation. Teachers will find it a valuable aid in
teaching a difficult branch ; besides, it will enlist the sympathy of
many persons outside of the school.
This brief report lacks the spice of novelty, as must be the case
with most papers of similar import, but it has been cheerfully pre-
pared at your request.
RED BANK. 277
RED BANK.
Richard Case, PfsiNciPAL.
lo Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — The Red Bank schools still suffer from lack of suitable build-
ings. A proposition to build a high school was voted down in the
spring. The site selected by the board of education was not satis-
factory to a majority of the voters. A proposition to erect a four-
room primary building in the western part of the town was after-
wards carried without opposition. This building, a substantial brick
structure, to cost about six thousand dollars, will be ready for occupa-
tion in January, 1896. It will relieve our crowded condition some-
what, but we shall still be without facilities for the best work in our
higher grades. The words of your last annual report on the subject
of high schools are very opportune. We wish that all our citizens
might read them.
Oar course of study remains substantially the same as last year.
We continue departmental teaching in the three highest grammar
grades, and think it a success. The teacher can more thoroughly
prepare her work and put more enthusiasm and energy into her
teaching than when obliged to teach all the subjects of a grade. She
also has the pupils in her classes for more than one year and knows
better how to adapt her instruction to their individual needs the
longer they are under her charge. The principal objection to the
system seems to be that teachers sometimes expect too much of the
children, forgetting the work of other departments must also be done.
We are trying the experiment of teaching arithmetic without placing
text-books containing rules and definitions in the hands of the pupils.
The books furnished contain questions and problems only. The results,
as shown in the ability of the average pupil to solve practical problems
and to comprehend new principles, are very encouraging. With
untrained teachers and large classes the old fashioned text-books might,
however, be more satisfactory.
Our manual training department, in spite of its unfavorable location
in a poorly4ighted basement-room, is doing well. Many boys and
■girls also are getting a training in the use of tools, which will be of
great uae to them in after life; but of much greater importance is the
278 eCHOOL REPORT.
effect of the work on mind and character under a teacher who require©
every piece to be promptly and accurately executed.
As has been our custom for several years, we held an exhibition of
school work near the close of the school year. The work as a whole
was creditable, some very good ; but the penmanship is not what it
should be. The poor showing, we think, is largely due to the desks
in use. They are all double, and many of them of a very old pattern,
with very narrow tops, and very few of either seats or desks are of
the right height for the pupils who are obliged to use them. We
have ordered single adjustable seats and desks for our new building^
and hope soon to have them in all our rooms.
RIDGEWOOD.
B. C. WoosTER, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — My report upon the condition of Ridgewood school
must, of necessity, be very brief.
Notwithstanding an increase of over 45 per cent, on the previous
year's enrollment, the work has been done in a building that was con-
sidered full the previous year. Under these circumstances we are
well pleased that the various lines of work were kept going without
material loss until better times.
At the time of writing our new school-house is completed, and is^
no doubt, one of the finest and most convenient in the State. It is a
three-story and basement structure, 90 by 105 feet, of hard pressed buff
brick, with brown stone foundation and trimmings. The basement
contains two large play rooms, a manual training room, dry closets^
five furnaces and fuel room. The first floor has four class-rooms,
four cloak-rooms, a recitation- room, teacher's- room and large hall.
The second floor has four class-rooms, four cloak-rooms, recitation-
room, library, principal's office and hall. The third story has an
assembly-room of 400 or 500 seating capacity, gymnasium, laboratory,
two recitation- rooms and two store rooms. The rooms are finished
in hard pine, natural color, hard wood floors, oak stairs. The heating
and ventilating system is the Fuller & Warren, guaranteed. Each
room is abundantly lighted from left and rear, and each window is
SALEM. 279
furnished with Venetian blinds. The pupilb' desks are all single,
with solid cherry tops and are, part of them, adjustable. The black-
boards are extra abundant and all slate. Each room may be lighted
by gas supplied by a Terrell gas machine in basement. There is a
lavatory for each sex in basement, and each floor has water from a
tank filled by a steam pump. The building is also wired for electric
light, and has a system of electric bell signals.
The grounds are 285 by 315 feet, well graded and tastefully laid
out, with flag walks and hard drives.
The kindergarten established at the beginning of the year has been
a great success and is now an assured feature of our system, in fact is
the most popular department of the school.
SALEM.
M. H. StRATTON, SUPERIJJTENDENT.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — In addition to the facts contained in my statistical report
already forwarded, I am glad to be able to report that the schools of
this city are, I think, steadily improving.
Our high school is now on the approved list. Those of our students
who go to Trenton take positions that show the results of good training
here. We are adding to the course in Latin. In mathematics and
English studies the grade is high.
In common with the school ofiicials of other cities, we have to re-
gret that so large a proportion of our pupils are forced to leave school
and go to work so early. The number of pupils in our high school
is increasing, however, and it will not be long before we will be forced
to provide another room.
In the lower grades our rooms are full, some of them crowded.
Our night school is an important part of our school system. It is
indeed too important, for in it we are forced to provide for many who
would do better if they could continue longer in the regular course.
Our city is one of those that first furnished books during this last
year. There was some complaint, of course, on account of the neces-
sary taxation ; but it will not be long before the good results will
satisfy all as to the wisdom of the law.
280 SCHOOL REPORT.
Our pupils are so fortunate as to have access to an excellent public
library, and several of our teachers have raised the necessary funds
to secure State aid, and thus lay the foundation for school libraries in
addition.
I am glad to see a growing disposition, on the part of the teachers,
to encourage and advise their pupils with reference to their reading.
In general I can report a condition of healthy growth.
SOMERVILLE.
J. S. Haynes, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — The history of our public school for the past few
years has been so full of interest to the people, that the board of edu-
cation presented a special report to the citizens at the annual meeting
last March.
For several years prior to 1894, the members of the board felt that
they were not doing all that they should in providing suitable accom-
modations for the children in the district. Their attention was
directed to the fact that while, in 1887, additions were made to the
brick building on High street, the house occupied by the colored
pupils had been neglected, until it had become very much out of
repair, and in the judgment of the board was too small and not
adapted to the increasing population.
Accordingly a public meeting was called in July, 1891, the matter
fully explained and an appropriation of $4,000 called for to erect a
new building for the colored children. The proposition was not
favorably received, many of the people believing it to be a better plan
to repair the old building and make it last a few years longer. Con-
sequently the board was instructed to make the repairs at a cost not
to exceed $200.
This was done, and thus matters went along until the fall of 1892,
when, owing to the crowded condition of the colored school-room,
and there being only one teacher, where there should be two, the sub-
ject of a new school building was again brought before the public at
a special meeting.
The friends of the improvement were again defeated, with the
singular result that the defeated minority went away from the meet-
SOMERYILLE. 281
iing in better spirits than the victorious majority. Early in the year
1894, it was found that not only was the colored school crowded, but
the High street building was in a worge condition from the same cause,
many of the pupils being compelled to sit three in a seat, or on settees
and chairs along the sides of the room.
At a special meeting, held April 19th, 1894, when a large number
of citizens were present, the absolute necessity of providing additional
facilities was at last made apparent to the majority. The board was
authorized to purchase additional land adjoining the colored school,
to build an addition to the school-house, and to erect a two- story brick
'building for the high school, at a total cost not to exceed $10,000.
The work of alteration and improvement commenced at the close
•of school in June. As it approached completion, the funds were
found to be insufficient, and the sum of $1,000 additional was voted
at a later meeting.
The colored school lot is now 125 by 130 feet. The present build-
ing is 22 by 40 feet, with a wing of the same size. It has two well-
lighted rooms, with desks for 50 children in one room and 42 in the
other. The building is heated by a hot-air furnace.
The high school building is 45 by 54 feet, with two rooms on each
floor, and the necessary halls, cloak rooms and laboratory. The
school- rooms contain single desks of the best modern pattern sufficient
to accommodate 166 pupils. The old school building. No. 1, has
capacity for 368, making in all accommodations for 626 pupils. The
<jost of the improvements to the colored school was $2,860; that of
erecting and furnishiog the high school, $8,600.
In September, 1894, three additional teachers were employed, in-
creasing the corps to sixteen, including the principal. The September
enrollment of pupils for 1894 was 743. For the four months ending
with February, 1895, the average attendance was 572; showing a
gain of 93 over the corresponding period of the previous year. The
total enrollment for the year ending last June was 838, out of a
school census of 974. Prior to 1885 the diflPerence between census
and enrollment averaged 250. The gain is encouraging.
In the fall of 1894, the board decided, after carefully considering
the matter, that the higher classes were pushed along too rapidly, and
that it would be best to omit graduating a class in 1895, and to lengthen
the course of study one year. This was done, the course of study ex-
tended by the introduction of Latin, psychology, and zoology, and
more time given to algebra, chemistry and civics. We believe that
coming years will show the wisdom of this change in the graduation
of classes better prepared to meet the duties and the difficulties of the
life that lies beyond school days.
The higher classes have taken up the new studies with commend-
able energy, and with a few exceptions, are making encouraging prog-
ress. In Latin we have given one year to beginners' work, and are
mow in Caesar. I looked long and diligently for some book better
282 SCHOOL REPORT.
adapted to second year's work, but have hitherto failed to find it.
Csesar is too long, too difficult, too monotonous for Latin classes
chiefly composed of girls. Classic Latin is what is needed, but the
special need is for greater variety. Who will compile, for the use of
secondary schools, a book of extracts from at least half a dozen Latin
authors, edited to correspond with one of our fifth readers in Eng-
lish? There ought to be a fortune in it. Nothirg certainly can be
more absurd, in the whole curriculum of any school, than to place
the description of Cfesai's bridge across the Rhine, and the fourteenth
chapter of his first book in the hands of callow youth.
STOCKTO>^.
Jos. J. Stewakt, Supervising Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent:
Dear Sir — I herewith submit this as my first brief annual report
of the public schools of the town of Stockton for the year ending
June 30th, 1895.
It is a pleasant duty for me to be able to report our schools in a
progressive condition so soon in the history of our new town, which is
east of the city of Camden and joins it.
Our teachers are vying with one another in their efforts to push on
the good work — that is, assisting each pupil to secure a practical
education.
The following will show the attendance, number of teachers, &c. :
Number of teachers 27
" pupils between 5 and 20 years of age 1,660
Average on roll 1 ,062
" daily attendance 914
Percentage of daily attendance , 86
Number of primary pupils 1,246
" grammar pupils 350
" pupils taking up some of the high school branches, 64
" grades in the course of study 9
" years covered by each grade 1 to 2;
r Primary 9
Average number of recitation per teacher< Grammar 12
(High School 15
STOCKTON. 28a
Having spent much time in grading and arranging the course of study
before the opening of the schools, and having in view the mental,
moral and physical development of our pupils, I did not lose sight
of the fact, however, that the teacher must develop the mind and
character of the child or cause him to know by systematic teaching
and not by simply hearing lessons ; therefore, my chief desire or aim
was to guide and assist the teacher and give her an opportunity ta
study her pupils, and to originate her own peculiar methods that
might be necessary to reach them.
Our teachers have recognized that the first principles of education
should be taught correctly and thoroughly, hence they have done
excellent work in these grades.
Considerable time and attention have been given in teaching the
evil eflPects of narcotics, and no pains have been spared to teach the
pupil the bad effects of tobacco and alcohol on the human body.
Our grades range from one to nine inclusive, the first four being
primary, the next four being grammar, with the exception of some
high school subjects and the ninth being high school work.
We will have an interesting class for high school work next year.
Twenty-six pupils received diplomas, after having completed the
work in their respective classes at our commencement, held in the
First Baptist church, at the close of the year.
We have found the mixed kindergarten to work well — that is, kin-
dergarten with our first year's work ; this will also make the pupils
better prepared for the regular school work which is to follow.
We will introduce moulding maps from sand, clay modeling, and
manual training in a simplified way during the coming year.
The plan of having the teachers in the higher grades of the Gar-
field, or high school, to teach special subjects will be the means of
securing better results.
We have nine school buildirg3 in our town at present, yet during
the past year our primary departments have been crowded, but the
teachers of these departments have been conscientious in their work,
and by extra effort and tact have secured good results. The opening
of additional rooms at South Rosedale and Twenty- first and State
streets, and also the building of the addition to the Washington
school, will give us the needed room next year.
The members of the board and the principals and teachers have been
faithful, and have done what they could to promote the cause of edu-
cation in our new town, for all of which I feel thankful.
284 SCHOOL REPORT.
UNION HILL.
Otto Ortel, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — At your request, I submit an annual report for the
school year ending June 30th, 1895.
The work of the teachers and pupils during the past year has
been, on the whole, entirely satisfactory.
Holidays. — The usual holidays have been properly observed in
the schools.
Ihanksgiving Day. — The donations of vegetables, fruit, bread,
cake, canned goods, groceries and clothing, by the pupils, were
unusually large, and the collection was distributed among orphan
asylumns and hospitals. Although this annual collection has been
the custom for many years in this town, the interest of the pupils in
this practical charity, to which everyone contributes, continues
•unabated.
Lincoln's and Washington's birthdays were celebrated by patriotic
exercises, which the ,G. A. R. posts as well as the public in general
attended.
Arbor Day. — This was also appropriately celebrated in a literary
and musical programme, followed by the planting of trees and fl jwers,
in the presence of a large audience of parents and citizens.
Memorial Day. — The exercises were held in the assembly- room the
day preceding. On the morning of Memorial day, the high school
boys, having been drilled by a military gentleman once a week for
several months, paraded with the post and military and civic organi-
sations, and excited favorable comment by their military bearing.
The boys again turned out on the " school picnic " day accompanied
by their own drum corps.
The graduating exercises were held in the high school building on
the evening of June 27th. There were eleven young lady and nine
young meu graduates. At the close of the programme an exhibit of
the graduates' work in all school branches, including manual training,
was opened to the public.
During the year a public -spirited citizen presented the school with
fine steel engravings of Washington, Lady Washington, Grant and
Lincoln ; and on another occasion, another gentleman presented busts
VINELAND. 285
of Washington and Franklin. The graduating class also presented
a proof print of " Washington and the Provision Train."
Night School. — The usual classes for a sixteen weeks' continuous
course were carried on, and were well attended. In addition to thi&
a course of free public illustrated lectures for working people were
given during the winter, and as these lectures were free of cost to the
board of education, the money thus saved was sufficient to purchase a
large stereopticon, which can now be used to illustrate various subjects
in the day-school classes.
The board of education has decided to add another year or grade to
the high school department, which will make that a four years' course,
A room is to be fitted up for experimental work in physics and chem-
istry, and a special teacher for Latin, English and science has already
been engaged. A supervisor of physical culture (German system) ha&
also been engaged for all departments in the schools.
An entire re-arrangement of the furniture and the purchase of
adjustable individual desks and chairs is contemplated, so that each
pupil may be seated according to hygienic principles.
Several changes, modifications and additions in the course of study
are about to be made, and the new course will be in working operatioi^
during the coming year.
VINELAND.
H. J. WiGHTMAN, Superintendent.
To Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — The advantages of the township system have continued
to show themselves constantly since the organization of the schools
under this system. The fruit of this plan is beginning to mature.
By the union of the eleven schools of Landis township with the
city schools, and by the grading of all of those schools, and by the
extension of the same course of study to all, we have greatly increased
the feeders of the central gramtoar and high schools and have given
opportunities for higher education to many children who would not
have received advanced education if they had been compelled to pay
tuition. A result of the increased attendance was the establishment
of a higher grade in the high school and the securing of the approved
high school commission. This added grade furnished schooling for
286 SCHOOL REPORT.
fifty- two pupils the first year, some of whom by hard work in addi-
tional college preparatory branches have entered Cornell and other
universities with high examination averages. These are the first
pupils from Vineland that have ever prepared for college at home.
The employment of a superintendent who devotes his whole time to
the supervision and needs of the thirty-nine schools in the township
is another result of the township system.
Two manual training teachers have been employed, one, Miss Milly
Adams, who devotes a part of her time to teaching and superintending
the manu- mental work in the township schools.
The teachers of the township schools, instead of having from first
reading to algebra with only three to twelve minutes for a class, now
have from four to six grades only, with much longer time for recita-
tions and with a much smaller number of classes to prepare for.
The regular bi-monthly teachers' meetings, with special depart-
mental meetings, have brought the teachers into contact with others
and have brought about an interchange of methods, a discussion of sub-
jects, uniformity of work, and has resulted in a desire, on the part of
teachers, to excel and improve in their work. The plan of promot-
ing teachers from the township schools to the city schools, where no
teacher has more than two grades, or to the high school and grammar
grades, where each teacher has but one grade, is a stimulus to the best
work on the part of teachers.
The percentage of normal teachers is rapidly increasing each year,
yet the advantages of professional training are still undervalued. It is
being realized also, that competent primary teachers should be paid
as well for their work as the teachers of higher grades.
As a result of an entertainment given by the high school pupils,
over 400 volumes were added last year to the school library. The
school also received the donation of the Albert Hayden Hawley col-
lection of birds, minerals, books, &c., valued at about $1,000.
Relief to the primary grades, which were overcrowded, was fur-
nished by the opening of a new school at Sixth and Cherry streets ;
still more accommodations are needed in the center of the city. A
large room is needed for a chemical laboratory, and a room larger
than at present for drawing purposes.
The township schools, many of which were not suitable for school
purposes, have been fitted up with ninteenth century equipments and
made attractive and healthy.
The school course has been entirely revised and an entire introduc-
tion of modern text-books made. Algebraic and geometric reasoning
have been introduced into the grammar grades ; formal grammar has
met next to annihilation ; science work, with the spirit of individual
observation and discovery, is required in all grades from the first ;
choice literature has been given its proper place in all grades ;
geography work has been cut loose from the senseless sectional
trivialities; all series of readers have been discarded, and reading
WASHINGTON BOROUGH. 287
^ith the idea of correlation and for the purpose of giving a fund of
useful knowledge and cultivating a taste for choice, pure, ennobling
literature has been substituted ; the spirit of correlation has permeated
the whole course, uniting history, geography, literature, biography,
geography, botany, zoology, geology, &q. Mathematics stand as one
independent group, with oral work predominating in all its sub-
divisions.
The first high school grade has been made a review grade and a
business course where all the common branches, with bookkeeping,
civil government, ethics and physical geography are completed. A
thorough and critical course in literature is furnished in the twelfth
grade. The manual training work is practically the same as men-
tioned in your last report, save the addition of charcoal drawing from
the eighth grade up and the addition of nature sketching and more
advanced carving. In penmanship movement is given much atten-
tion. We are trying, with excellent results so far, to secure the
movement exercises with correct position in the primary and inter-
mediate grades, where the habits in writing are formed. The copy-
book has long since been done away with, to the great improvement
of the pupil's writing. We have not as yet gone crazy over vertical
writing.
The plan of having each teacher responsible for some particular
room, yet teaching, for instance, mathemathics in all rooms of a cer-
tain grade, whereas another teacher of the same grade teaches all the
language classes, has thus far shown its superiority.
The Friday before Washington's birthday. Thanksgiving day and
Christmas were observed with special and appropriate exercises.
Arbor day was fittingly observed.
The total number of pupils enrolled last year was 1,789, or more
than 88 per cent, of the census enrollment.
WASHINGTON BOROUGH.
Jas. H. Griffith, Principal.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
In accordance with your request of October 31st, I submit the fol-
lowing report :
I am now in the beginning of my second year as principal of the
Washington public schools and cannot, of my own knowledge, make
288 SCHOOL REPORT.
an intelligent comparison of the present with the past. I am toldp
however, by those who are well informed (and it is the general senti-
ment) that the school was never more efficient than at present.
The interests of our school are zealously guarded by all our citizens^,
and the evidence of their appreciation of its worth has been mani-
fested by their voting all the appropriations asked for without a
murmur.
Last year, when the free Text- book law became operative, $1,000
were voted for buying books, and for this year $500 more ; and not
only this, but $5,000 have been granted for the erection of four addi-
tional rooms. These rooms were finished on October 1st.
We have now seventeen rooms and are occupying fourteen of them.
One or two additional rooms will soon be occupied. The aver-
age enrollment last year was 603, the total enrollment being 775, an
increase of 74 over the previous year. Thus far this year we have
enrolled 700.
The school is divided into primary, intermediate, grammar and
high school departments.
The graduating class last year numbered 10. This year it num-
bered 20 — 10 boys and 10 girls. The average age is 17.
Our citizens regard the new School law with great favor, and I am
sure it has greatly increased the efficiency of the school.
The board of education consists of nine intelligent, representative
men, faithful and doing what they can to promote the interests of the
school.
The courses of study are being strengthened and quickened by the
introduction of new subjects and recourse to various well-tried
expediences.
The interests of the school are also greatly enhanced by an ener-
gized harmony existing between the board of education, the teachers,
the pupils, the patrons and the taxpayers in general.
WEST HOBOKEN.
Robert Waters, Principal.
lo Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
In September, 1894, the number of pupils in the West Hoboken
school was 1,943; the number of teachers, 38. In September, 1895,
the number of scholars was 2,479 ; the number of teachers, 45. Ten
WEST HOBOKEN. 289
years ago the population of this town was about 11,000; now it is
18,500.
The new school in the First ward is now occupied, and another new
school in the Third ward will probably be ready by next September.
I have now three primary principals as as&istants.
The new school is healed by the hot- water system. The opening
of the school was a notable affair. The entrances and stairs were
decoratfd with large plants and fl wers in pots; the a^gembly-room
with flags and flowers, and a fine new bust of Washington, presented
by Mr. George V. Deozer. Besides the board of education, there
were many noted people present, and addresses were delivered bj State
Superintendent Poland, by Congressman McEwan, Senator Daly and
others. Mr. L. A. Meyer gave a brief history of the origin and
construction of the school, and Mayor Chandleps delivered the keys
over to Chairman L. P. Druck. The assembly-room was crowded
with enthusiastic citizens, who cordially corgratulated the board on
the completion of the building.
Among the changes made in the instruction this year, I may mention
that we have now a kindergarten class in each school ; and kinder-
garten methods are followed as far as the large number of scholars
and the accommodations will allow. We have also a new high school
class for boys, a commercial class, under Mr. B. B. Brown, who
devotes his attention to bookkeeping, business forms, commercial law,
correspondence, &c. The course is one of two years ; in the second
of which stenography and type writing will be taught. Also the subject
of physiology, as a regular branch of study, has been taught in all the
schools, from the third- reader class to the highest.
The German language is still taught with interest and profit in
the grammar department. Industrial drawing, in charge of Miss
Haddenhorst, and sewing are kept up vigorously, and patriotic songs
are taught in all the schools. On Memorial Day nearly 500 pots of
flowers were contributed by our children to decorate the graves of
soldiers. Our school library now consists of 12,211 volumes, and is
well patronized by both teachers and scholars.
Soon after the opening of our schools in September, it was dis-
covered that the old building (Main street) was unsafe, and all the
scholars in this school, except those in the two lower classes, which
were dismissed for a time, were transferred to the assembly- room of
the new school, and to a large public hall. This has caused a good
deal of trouble and a great deal of retardment in our work.
19
REPORT
OF THE
Rutgers Scientific Scliool
THE
NEW JERSEY STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE,
1894-1895.
Austin Scott, Ph.D., LL.D., President.
(291)
RUTGERS SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL.
BY ACT OF THE LEGISLATURE OF NEW JERSEY, APPROVED APRIL 4tH, 1864,
CONSTITUTED THE STATE COLLEGE FOR THE BENEFIT OF AGRICULTURE
AND THE MECHANIC ARTS, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAW OF
THE UNITED STATES OF JULY 2d, 1862.
BOARD OF VISITORS.
(Appointed by the Governor.)
FIRST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT.
Resideyices.
Daniel W. Horner Merchantville.
Henry Frederick Camden.
SECOND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT.
Joshua Forsyth Pemberton.
Ralph Ege Hopewell.
THIRD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT.
David D. Denise. Freehold.
James Neilson New Brunswick.
FOURTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT.
William H. Green Succasunna.
Benjamin F. Tine Stanton.
FIFTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT.
Samuel R. Demarest, Jr Hackensack. "
Robert M. Torbet ,....Paterson.
SIXTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT.
Jesse B. Rogers Newark.
Charles L. Jones Newark.
seventh congressional DISTRICT,
Abraham W. Duryee New Durham.
James Stevens.. Jersey City.
eighth congressional district.
William R. Ward Newark.
<jrEORGE W. DoTY Union.
(293)
294 SCHOOL REPORT.
CONDITION AND PROGRESS.
The year has been one of steady progress in all departments rather
than a year marked by any special advancement in a particular direc-
tion. The membership of the Faculty has been reduced slightly, the
classes entering since 1892 not requiring division in sections for class-
room instruction. The roll of students shows a little decrease from
the attendance of the preceding year.
The regular military drill of the students and the general gymnas-
tic practice in the new Robert F. Ballantine gymnasium have attained
a high degree of excellence.
The requirement of two hours' attendance weekly during the first
term upon recitations and lectures in the Elements of Agriculture
under the instruction of the Professor of Agriculture by all members
of the Freshman Class is believed to be a noteworthy addition to the
courses of instruction.
The facilities for instructing the students pursuing the course in
Electricity have been increased by provision for special instruction in
Mathematics and the Mathematical Theory of Electricity, and by the
additional physical apparatus.
The fourth report of the Secretary of the Extension Department,,
alluded to later in this report, shows gratifying results.
FACULTY.
Austin Scott, Ph.D., LL.D., President, Profe?sor of History
AND Political Science.
Jacob Cooper, D.D., D.C.L., LL.D., Professor of Logic and Mental
Philosophy.
Carl Meyer, D.D., Professor of Modern Languages and Literatures.
Francis Cuyler Van Dyek, Ph.D., Professor of Physics and Experimental
Mechanics.
Edward Albert Bowser, C.E., LL.D., Professor of Mathematics and
Engineering.
Charles Edward Hart, D.D., Professor of the English Language and
Literature.
Louis Bevier, Jr., Ph.D., Professor of the Greek Language and Literature,
Secretary of the Extension Department.
Edgar Solomon Shumway, Ph.D., Professor of the Latin Language and
Literature.
Alfred Alexander Titsworth, M.S., C.E., Professor of Graphics and Mathe-
matics.
Julius Nelson, Ph.D.. Professor of Biology.
Byron David Halsted, Sc.D., Professor of Botany and Horticulture.
John Bernhard Smith, So D., Professor of Entomology.
Edward Burnett Voorhees, A.M., Professor of Agriculture.
William Rankin Duryee, D.D., Professor of Ethics, Evidences of Christi-
anity and the English Bible.
RUTGERS SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL. 295
Albert Huntington Chester, EM., Ph.D., Sc.D., Professor of Chemistry
and Mineralogy, Curator of the Museum.
John Charles Van Dyke, L.H.D., Professor of the History of Art.
Robert Woodworth Prentiss, M.S., Professor of Mathematics and
Astronomy,
Eliot Robertson Payson, Ph.D., Professor of the History and Art of
Teaching.
Edward Luther Stevenson, Ph.D., Professor of History.
George Burwell Davis, First Lieutenant, Fourth United States Infantry,
Professor of Military Science and Tactics.
Irving Strong Upson, A.M , Librarian and Registrar. Secretary of the
Faculty.
Clarence Livingston Speyers, Ph.B., Associate Professor of Chemistry.
Edward Livingston Barbour, Instructor in Elocution.
William Shields Myers, M.S., F.C.S.. Instructor in Chemistry.
Charles Everett Adams, A.M., M.D., Instructor in Physical Training.
Director of the Gymnasium.
Ezra Frederick Scattergood, B.S., Instructor in Mathematics, Electricity
and Physics.
Edwin Bell Davis, B.L., Instructor in Modern Languages.
The names of the Faculty, after that of the President, are arranged in groups. The Pro-
fessors, according to the seniority of appointment; the Librarian and Registrar; the Associate
Professors and Instructors, in the order of their respective appointments.
STUDENTS.
The enrollment of students for the year was 143; Seniors, 24;
Juniors, 44 ; Sophomores, 35 ; Freshmen, 32, and special students not
candidates for a degree, 8. There were also 63 students in the
classical courses and 162 pupils in attendance at the Preparatory
School. The degree of Bachelor of Science was conferred upon 23
graduates in June, 1805. Of these graduates, 1 had pursued the
course in Agriculture, 11 the course in Civil Engineering and Mechan-
ics, 6 the course in Chemistry, 3 the course in Electricity, and 2 the
course in Biology.
ADMISSION.
Every applicant for admission must be at least sixteen years of age,
and must submit to the President proper testimonials of a good moral
character. If an applicant for a Free State Scholarship he must also
present to the President a certificate of appointment.
Examinaiions at the College.
Examinations for admission will be held on the Friday and Satur-
day preceding Commencement week, June 12th and 13th, 1896,
beginning at 10 o'clock A. m. on Friday, in the Registrar's ofiBce.
296 SCHOOL REPORT.
Applicants may also be examined on Tuesday, September 15th, at
the same hour and plase. Students are advised to be present for
examination in June.
Slate Competitive Examinations.
Students will also be admitted who pass the Slate competitive ex-
aminations, which will be held iu the Court House of each county on
Saturday, June 6th, 1896. For the requirements of the State law see
following pages.
Only such students are admitted with conditions as are, in the
opinion of the Faculty, so nearly prepared as to be able to make up
ail deficiencies during the first two months of the term, meanwhile
maintaining a good standing in their class. Conditioned students will
have an opportunity given them to remove their entrance conditions
as early as possible in the first term. It is expected that all entrance
conditions will be made up before the Thanksgiving recess.
Certificates.
From certain preparatory schools of established reputation students
are admitted without examination upon the Principal's certificate that
they have completed the required amount of work and are prepared
to enter College. Blanks for such certificates will be furnished upon
application.
Advanced Standing.
Students may enter advanced classes either at the beginning of the
College year or at other times, if they sustain a satisfactory examina-
tion both on the preliminary studies and on those already passed over
by the class which they propose to enter. Full equivalents will be
accepted.
Special Students.
In exceptional cases students properly prepared for admission to the
Freshman Class may, by special vote of the Faculty, be permitted to
pursue select branches of study. Such students are required to take
examinations, all work in Composition and Elocution and Military
Drill with the class with which they have studied.
RUTGERS SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL.
297
FREE SCHOLARSHIPS.
State Scholarships, Act of 1864"
Under this law, a certain number of students from the State of
New Jersey are received into this department of the College and
educated free of expense for tuition. These students are admitted to
free scholarship on the recommendation of the Superintendent of
Schools in each county after passing the required examinations. The
scholarships provided by the act of 1864 are distributed among the
counties in proportion to their population, as follows :
Atlantic 1
Bergen 1
Burlington. 3
Camden 2
Cape May 1
Cumberland 1
Essex. 6
■Gloucester 1
Hudson 6
Hunterdon 1
Mercer 2
Middlesex 2
Monmouth 2
Morris 2
Ocean 1
Passaic 2
Salem 1
Somerset 1
Sussex 1
Union 2
Warren 1
40
Scholar ships-at- Large.
In June, 1888, the Trustees of the College provided ten additional
free State scholarships.
State Scholarships, Act of 1890.
By a law passed March 31st, 1890, a number of free scholarships,
one for each assembly district for each year, is established and oflfered
to students in all parts of the State. The candidates for these scholar-
ships are selected as follows : A competitive examination, under the
direction of the City Superintendents and the County Superintendent
of Education of each county, shall be held at the County Court House
in each county of the State, upon the first Saturday in June in each
year. If several candidates for appointment pass the examination
from the same assembly district, all who are suitably qualified shall
receive appointment to such free scholarships, excess from certain
assembly districts being counterbalanced by vacancies in other assem-
bly districts, provided only that the entire number of appointees shall
not exceed the entire number of free scholarships created by the state.
Letters of inquiry to the President, or to the Registrar, will receive
careful attention.
298 SCHOOL REPORT.
REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION.
The following are the subjects in which those who wish to enter
the Freshman Class of the Scientific Department are examined. Since
all are such as can be acquired in our best common schools, it is in-
sisted that the preparation in them shall be thorough and complete :
1. Mathematics.
Arithmetic — Fundamental Operations; Common and Decimal Frac-
tions; Denominate Numbers, including the Metric System; Percentage,
including Interest and Discount ; Proportion ; Square and Cube Root.
In 'preparing the student for this course, it is recommended that he be drilled
thoroughly in Arithmetic, as a clear understanding of its simple elementary and
practical principles is essential to a good Mathematician.
Algebra, through Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic Progressions, or
the first seventeen chapters of Bowser's College Algebra.
His preparation in Algebra should be very thorough. In addition to under-
standing the PRINCIPLES of the science he must fix them in his memory, and*
learn their bearing and utility, and for this reason he should pay great atten-
tion to the solution of practical examples. What is needed is ability to solve
ordinary examples with facility and to explain them thoroughly.
Attention is specially called to the solution of Simultaneous Quadratic
Equations, and of Equations of Higher Degrees than the Second, which may
be reduced to the quadratic form, and then solved by the methods of solv-
ing quadratics.
The student should form the habit of arranging his work, whether on the
blackboard or on paper, in a neat and orderly manner.
Geometry. — The whole of Plane and Solid Geometry.
2. The English Branches,
English Grammar— Including Spelling.
A short English Essay is also required, to be written at the examination,
on some theme drawn from books announced in advance ; the essay to be
correct in spelling, punctuation, division into paragraphs, grammar and
expression. In June and September, 189G, the themes will be drawn from
these books, which all students who apply for admission then should have
read carefully: Shakespeare's Twelfth Night; the Sir Roger de Coverley
Papers in The Spectator ; Irving'a Sketch Book ; QcotVs The Abbot ; Webster's
First Bunker Hill Oration; Macaulay's Essay on Milton; Longfellow's
Evangeline.
In 1897 the examination will be upon Shakespeare's As You Like It ;
Defoe's History of the Plague in London ; Irving's Tales of a Traveler ; Haw-
thorne's Tivice Told Tales; Longfellow's Evangeline; George Eliot's Silas
Marner.
The following books are set apart for examination upon subject-matter,
form and structure, 1897: Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice; Burke's
Speech on Conciliation with America; Scott's Marmion ; Macaulay's Life of
Samuel Johnson.
History of the United States. — Johnston's History of the United
States, or its equivalent.
RUTGERS SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL. 29&
Students often lack thorough or recent preparation in this subject. A
more accurate knowledge of American History has become necessary a&
preliminary to the systematic instruction now given on the duties and rela-
tions of American citizenship.
Descriptive Geography.
Physical Geogrpahy.
S. Science.
Physics. — Students are required to show satisfactory acquaintance witb
Wells' or Cooley's Natural Philosophy, or Peck's Ganot's Physics.
Chemistry.- Such knowledge of Chemistry as may be obtained from a
thorough study of Remsen's, Cooley's or Steele's Chemistry complete. Rem-
sen's Elements of Chemistry is recommended, because Remsen's text-books-
are used during the course.
COURSES OF STUDY.
During the first year the studies of the full courses are the same,
and are designed to furnish a suitable introduction to the pursuit of
the higher branches in either course.
The elements of Agriculture, of Biology and of Botony are taught
during the first, second and third terms respectively. Mathematics
(Algebra, Trigonometry and Surveying), Draughting, English and
French are taught throughout the year.
At the end of the first year students elect to pursue one of the full
courses, and for the remaining three years their studies are directed
with particular reference to the choice made. Some studies which go
to the equipment of the intelligent citizen, whatever his occupation,
such as History, English Literature, Political Economy, Practical
Ethics, Astronomy and others, are interspersed throughout the entire
four years, in order that students may not only acquire a thorough
preparation for their special pursuits in life, but may at the same
time receive a liberal training which will fit them to discharge wisely
and usefully the duties of good citizenship.
Five distinct courses of study are included in the schedule which
follows :
I. A Course in Agriculture.
II. A Course in Civil Engineering and Mechanics.
II r. A Course in Chemistry.
IV. A Course in Electricity.
V. A Course in Biology.
EXTENSION DEPARTMENT.
In the general work of this department three full courses of twelve
lectures each and seven half courses of six lectures each have been
given as follows : One full course each in Art, English Literature and
Chemistry ; four half courses in History ; one-half course each in
Astronomy, Money and the Mechanism of Exchange, and the Greek
300 SCHOOL REPORT.
Drama. The total attendance at the seventy- eight lectures was 1,759
persons, and the average attendance 1,287. The total attendance at
the class hours following each lecture was 648 persons, and the average
attendance 531. Ordinary full-course certificates were awarded to 13
persons, and honor certificates to 8. Ordinary half-course pass-cards
were awarded to 19 persons, and honor pass cards to 8.
Special attention ha? been given in the Extension Department during
the year to agricultural work. Two courses in Agriculture and two
courses in Entomology, each course of six lectures, have been given.
The total attendance at the twenty four lectures was 283 persons, and
the average attendance 230. The total attendance at the class hours
was 102 persons, and the average attendance 79. Ordinary pass- cards
were awarded to 6 persons.
The work is conducted in strict accordance with the methods of
'*' University Extension. " A course of lecture-studies consists of the
following elements :
(a) A series of lectures.
( 6 ) A printed syllabus.
(c) A class-hour, or hour of conference following each lecture.
(d) Written exercises by members of the class.
(e) An examination open to those who have taken the whole course.
(/) Appropriate credits issued to successful students.
Every part of this work is voluntary. Many simply attend the
lectures, and do not enroll themselves as students, but all are encouraged
■to take the full course, since a far better knowledge of the subject can
thus be obtained. All courses consist of twelve lecture- studies, unless
otherwise specified. For the season of 1895-96 the following courses
are offered, to which additions will be made later :
AGRICULTURE.
Soils and Crops (6)— By Professor Edward B. Voorhees, A.M.
The Food of Plants (6)— By Professor Edward B. Voorhees, A.M.
Animal Nutrition (6) — By Edward B. Voorhees, A M.
How Plants Grow (6) — By Professor Byron D. Halsted, Sc D.
Economic Entomology (6) — By Professor John B. Smith, Sc.D.
Applications of the Principles of Physics (6)— By Professor F. C. Van
Dyck, Ph.D.
Construction of Roads, Bridges and Drains (6)— By Professor A. A. Tits-
worth, M.S. C.E.
Geology (6)— By Professor Frank L. Nason, A.M.
THE FINE ARTS.
Greek, Hellenistic and Roman Art — By Professor Edgar S. Shumway
PhD.
Six Greek Sculptors (6) — By Professor Edgar S. Shumway, Ph.D.
Old Italian and Modern French Art (13) — By Professor John C. Van,
Dyke, L.H.D.
Decoration (6) — By Burleigh Parkhurst.
RUTGERS iSCIENTIFIC SCHOOL. 301
HISTORY AND SOCIAL SCIENCE.
The Beginnings of Modern History — By Professor Edward L. Stevenson,
Ph.D.
The French Revokition — By Professor Edward L. Stevenson, Ph.D.
The Formation and EstabHshment of the United States as a Nation— By
Professor Edward L. Stevenson, Ph D.
The Eastern Question (6 or 12) — By Professor James F. Riggs, D.D.
Vital Forces in Modern History (6) — By Professor James F. Riggs, D.D^
The Protestant Reformation (6) — By Professor James F. Riggs, D D.
The Protestant Reformation (6)— By Rev. George Hubbard Payson, A.M.
LITERATURE.
The English Bible (6)— By Professor William Rankin Duryee, D.D.
Some Representative Names in English Literature— By Professor A. V.
Williams Jackson, PhD., L.H.D.
Shakespeare — By Homer B. Sprague, Ph.D.
A Century of English Poetry— By Professor T. M. Parrott, Ph.D.
The Greek Drama — By Professor Louis Bevier, Jr., Ph.D.
PHILOSOPHY AND PEDAGOGY.
The World's Great Thinkers— By Professor Jacob Cooper, D.D., D.C.L.
How We Know— By John B. Thompson, D.D.
Educational Epochs— By Professor Eliot R. Payson, Ph.D.
SCIENCE.
Astronomy — By Professor Robert M. Prentiss, M.S.
Botany — By Professor Byron D Halsted, ScD.
Chemistry— By Professor Peter T. Austen, Ph D., F.C.3.
Electricity— By Professor F. C. Van Dyck, Ph.D.
Entomology — By Professor John B. Smith, Sc.D.
Geology — By Professor Frank L.,Nason, A.M.
Mineralogy— By Professor A. H. Chester, E.M., Ph.D., Sc.D.
Physiology — By Professor Julius Nelson, Ph.D.
Zoology — By Professor Julius Nelson, Ph D.
The cost of these courses to any organization in the State consti-
tuting itself an Extension Centre averages about $20 a lecture- study^
but those requiring illustration with the lantern or by means of ex-
periments are somewhat more expensive. Details will be given on
application. This charge entitles a centre to the entire course and to
seventy- five copies of the syllabus. No bill of extras will be rendered.
If more than seventy- five copies of the syllabus are required they may
be had at ten cents a copy. These are the charges for the work under
all heads except that of Agriculture. For the courses in Agriculture
the price has been set at $10 a lecture-study. This is only possible
through the generosity of friends of the late Dr. George H. Cook;,
who purpose to develop thus the work begun by him for the benefit
of the farmers of New Jersey.
All iriquiries!should be sent to Louis Bevier, Jr., the Secretary of
the Extension Department.
Forty-first Annual Report
OF THE
State Normal and Model Schools
FARNUiM PREPARATORY SCHOOL,
FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30th, 1895.
James M. Green, Ph.D., Principal.
(303)
STATE NORMAL AND MODEL SCHOOLS.
REPORT OF STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION.
To the Senate and General Assembly:
In pursuance of law there are presented herewith the detailed
reports of the following institutions under the care of the State Board
of Education : The Normal and Model Schools, the Normal Board-
ing Halls and the Farnum School, together with the annual report of
the Committee on Finance of this Board relating to these institutions.
These reports show that the schools have had a prosperous year.
The annual enrollment is as follows : Normal, 537; Model, 563;
Farnum, 136 ; a total of 1,236, which is 26 less than that of last year.
The Normal Department shows an increase of 12, while both the
Model and Farnum Departments show a slight decrease.
The graduates of the Normal School, 134 in number, have all
received appointments to teach at an average salary slightly higher
than that received by the class of last year.
The graduates of the Model and Farnum Schools have either suc-
cessfully entered higher institutions of learning or have engaged ia
business pursuits.
The schools have shown a decidedly progressive spirit and have
materially strengthened in favor.
The Faculty has been enlarged, hence the expfnditures have been
increased over those of last year, but the Treasurer's report shows a
balance of $2,776.82 to the educational account. A balance to the
credit of the boarding-hall account is $4,970.
The buildings and grounds have been put in thorough repair and a
number of permanent improvements made.
For full details concerning the matters mentioned herein you are
referred to the accompanying reports of the heads of departments.
Very respectfully submitted,
JAMES L. HAYS,
President.
20 (305)
306 SCHOOL REPORT.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
Showing JReceipts and Disbursements of the New Jersey State Normal School, for
the Year Ending August 31st, 1895.
RECEIPTS.
Balance from last report $3,769 67
From State Treasurer, annual appropriation 28,000 00
From tuition in Model School 21,102 23
From tuition in instrumental music 2,247 36
From use of books 1,818 00
From insurance dividend 130 00
Total $57,067 26
DISBURSEMENTS.
Advertising $322 38
Apparatus 254 10
Books and stationery 2,771 IS
Buildings and furniture 775 18
Express and postage 239 47
Fuel ". 1,809 10
Gas Ill 28
Incidentals _ 609 45
Teaching instrumental music 1,745 98
Pianos 494 00
Salaries 44,764 08
Telegraph and telephone 126 48
Water , 267 76
Balance 2,776 82
Total $57,067 26
Showing the Receipts and Disbursements of the Neiv Jersey State Nortnal School
Boarding Halls, for the Year Ending August 31st, 1895.
RECEIPTS.
To balance from old account $5,998 85
To amount received from board 50,664 29
To amount received from all other sources 112 25
Total $56,775 39
DISBURSEMENTS.
Repairs and improvements $2,847 34
Furniture 3,328 52
Fuel 1,761 77
Gas 1.827 36
Salaries 8,433 53
Rent 124 00
Water 164 93
STATE NORMAL AND MODEL SCHOOLS. 307
Provisions $24,905 41
Incidentals 455 24
Principal and interest on Chumar property 7,957 29
'Balance 4,970 00
Total $56,775 39
Respectfully submitted,
J. BINGHAM WOODWARD,
Treasurer.
Audited and approved.
WILLIAM R. BARRICKLO,
Chairman of Committee on Finance and Auditing.
PRINCIPAL'S REPORT.
fExtract from the School Law of New Jersey.]
"There shall be a Normal School, or Seminary, for the training and
education of teachers in the art of instructing and governing the common
schools of this State, the object of which Normal School or Seminary shall
be the training and education of its pupils in such branches of knowledge,
and such methods of teaching and governing, as will qualify them for
teachers of our common schools."
" Each county shall be entitled to at least six times as many pupils in
the school as it has representatives in the Legislature ; and in case any
county is not fully represented additional candidates may be admitted from
other localities on sustaining the requisite examination ; the applicants
shall give on admission a written declaration signed with their own hands,
that their object in seeking admission to the school is to qualify themselves
for the employment of public school teachers, and that it is their intention
to engage in that employment in this State for at least two years or refund
to the State the cost of their tuition."
" The board of trustees are authorized to maintain a Model School, under
permanent teachers, in which the pupils of the Normal School shall have
opportunity to observe and practice the modes of instruction and discipline
inculcated in the Normal School, and in which pupils may be prepared for
'the Normal School."
The record of the Normal and Model Schools for the year just
closed has not been marked by any striking or very unusual feature.
In the history of nations and institutions, there come times of
revolution, reconstruction or reformation. These times are regarded
as epochs, and easily attract the attention of the student as well as of
the casual observer. But an institution shows its strength of char-
acter not so much by its conduct on special occasions, when it is con-
scious that its actions are on review, aa by its integrity and directness
of purpose in what may be termed the uneventful or monotonous
periods of its existence.
During the past year our school has held steadily to its mission, as
expressed in the extracts from our School law at the head of this
chapter, and the work accomplished may truly be regarded as evi-
dence of strength.
308 SCHOOL REPORT.
The graduation from both branches of the school has been larger
than ever before. The reception accorded these graduates, both by
the higher institutions of learning and by those seeking teachers, ha&
been even more marked than usual.
Our teachers have taken an active part in all the county institutes
and educational conventions of the State, and were a factor in the
programme of the National Educational Association, held at Denver,
and a number of their writings have found a place in our educational
journals and magazines.
The various Superintendents of Public Instruction have given us
growing attention, and the visitation of teachers and patrons to the
school has been large. All these things are evidence that the school
is a growing force, and that the State is realizing more and more the
object of its desire in fostering this institution.
It may be truly said that the school in its contact notes a broaden-
ing of the educational spirit in the State. This may be seen in a
gradual disappearing of the petty jealousies among the various schools^
the raising of the standards of many schools that they may come
upon the " Approved List " and in the circulating among each other
of the leading teachers. These are exceedingly hopeful signs.
It has been an astonishing fact of history that theologians, unlike
the " Great Teacher " whose heart was large enough for all, have
wasted much of their time in opposing each other rather than the
common enemy. Likewise, teachers and educational institutions have
spent much of their time in criticising each other rather than in
spreading the light of wisdom. The gradual disappearance of thi»
tendency is an exceedingly promising omen. The true spirit of
education is ever widening, ever liberalizing. It has room for all
and help for all, and recognizes the " fittest " by its own inherent^
strength rather than by destructive criticism.
It would not be graceful to close this introductory part of my
report without expressing the regret felt by our school, in common
with the entire educational department of the State, at the removal
from among us and the withdrawal from our State Board of Dr.
Nicholas Murray Butler. During Dr. Butler's membership of our
Board, his influence and counsel were of great value. Aggressive yet
conservative and judicious, he left his impression in the introduction
of Manual Training into our State system, the revising of our plan of
licensing teachers, the classifying of our schools, the elevating of the
character of our Teachers' Institutes and increasing the efficiency of
our department of superintendence, besides the developing of our
school in all its branches. When the far-reaching character of these
measures is considered it will be seen that we cannot pay him a
higher tribute than to acknowledge his important part in them. His
frankness in conference, together with the respect he accorded the
individuality of others, endeared him to all. While we cordially
welcome " the coming," we most fervently God-speed the parting.
STATE NORMAL AND MODEL SCHOOLS. 309
ATTENDANCE.
Normal.
Males. Females. Total.
First quarter 50 439 489
Second quarter 49 426 475
Third quarter 48 417 465
Fourth quarter 49 407 456
Total number of different students enrolled during the year, 537. Males,
55 ; females, 482.
3Iodel.
Males. Females. Total.
First quarter 250 268 518
Second quarter 255 260 515
Third quarter 246 232 478
Fourth quarter 234 230 464
Total number of students enrolled during the year, 563. Males, 274;
females, 289. The average attendance per quarter was 494. Males, 246;
females, 248.
Farnum.
Males. Females. Total.
First quarter 52 80 132
Second quarter 50 79 129
Third quarter 48 76 124
Fourth quarter 42 72 114
Total number of students enrolled during the year, 136. Males, 53;
females, 83.
The Normal enrollment exceeds that of last year by 12. The
number enrolled in the Model is less than that of last year by 24,
and the average attendance is 24 less than that of last year. The
enrollment in the Farnum is 14 less than that of last year, making
the total annual enrollment 1,236, or 26 less than that of last year.
The falling off in the enrollment in the Model School was prob-
ably due to two causes; one, the depression in fioancial circles; the
other, the fright over the prevalence of diphtheria and scarlet fever in
our city. There appeared to be, within the school, no cause of dis-
content or dissatisfaction.
GRADUATES.
The number of students graduated from the Normal School during
the year was 134, of whom seven were males. All of these graduates
are now teaching, with the exception of two, who are kept from it
tempDrarily by illness.
The average monthly salary received by the class is $42.86, au in-
crease of 14 cents over that received by the class of last year. The Class
310 SCHOOL REPORT.
of 1894 have raised their average monthly salary from $42.72 to
$44.31 , which is 15 cents less than that received by the Class of 1893 for
their second year. These variations are so small that it is difficult to
analyze them. They may be due to the times or to the increased size
of the class going out or to a general depreciation in the salaries of
teachers.
The report of the State Superintendent for 1894 shows a decrease
of 15 cents in the average salary per month paid males and of $2.24 in
that paid females, while his report for 1895 shows an increase of $2.75
in the average salary per month paid males, and of $1.55 in that paid
females.
The data are not sufficient for drawing general conclusions.
The following table will be of interest, showing the number of
students in the Normal School from each county, the total number of
graduates of our school employed in each of the counties for the year
ending June 30th, according to the reports of the County and City
Superintendents, and the number of graduates of the Class of '95^
employed in each of the different counties :
Total Number Number of Gradu-
Number in of Graduates ates of 1895
Counties. Normal. Employed, June 30th. Employed.
Atlantic 16 10 8
Bergen 22 96 18
Burlington 47 38 4
Camden 19 19 4
Cape May 6 2 2
Cumberland 25 17 2
Essex 31 70 4
Gloucester 14 30 5-
Hudson S 25 10
Hunterdon 29 17 7
Mercer 100 72 6-
Middlesex 31 25 2
Monmouth 44 76 21
Morris 23 39 13
Ocean 10 9 1
Passaic 13 35 7
Salem 17 7 3
Somerset 13 29 4
Sussex 18 9 1
Union 13 31 4
Warren , 12 9 2
The number of graduates from the Model School was 21 — 13
males and 8 females. Of these, 3 entered the Normal School, 6
entered colleges or professional schools, 11 are at home or in busi-
ness, and 1 has taken up post- graduate work at the Model. J^"^^
The reports show that those entering the colleges and the Normal
School are performing their part well, giving evidence of the reliable
character of their preparation.
STATE NORMAL AND MODEL SCHOOLS. 311
The number graduated from the Farnum School was 1 8 — 2 males
and 16 females. Eight of these young ladies entered the Normal
School, 2 entered Mount Holyoke College and the remainder are at
their respective homes.
TEACHEKS.
The death of Washington Hasbrouck, Ph.D., occurred February
23d, soon after that of his wife. Dr. Hasbrouck was principal of
the State Schools from 1876 to 1889. He came to this position after
an experience as Principal of Kingston Academy three years and of
Hasbrouck Institute, Jersey City, for twenty years. His administra-
tion of the State Schools erjayed the confidence of the commonwealth
and won for him the respect and affection of hi» many pupils.
Miss M. Virginia Fogle died January 2 1st. Miss Fogle was the
training teacher in the Normal School from September, 1890, until
the time of her death. She came to this position after taking a
special course for training at Oswego, teaching some time in district
schools, and then being for a term of years Principal of the Welsh
Training School in New Haven. Her experience and ability were
such that she at once impressed the value of her instruction and coun-
sel upon the teachers and pupils of our State, and at the time of her
death was greatly respected and loved.
The following changes have taken place in our corps of teachers :
The time of Prof. Frank H. Scobey and Miss Caroline McGuire,
hitherto occupied partly in teaching in the Model, was fully required
for the Normal. Therefore Mr. C. Ernest Dechant was added to the
Model corps. Mr. Dechant was graduated from the Bloomsburg
Normal School of Pennsylvania, and after teaching a number of years,
was graduated from Princeton College.
The department of Vocal Music was divided, the work in the Model
being given to Mr. William Woodhouse, Jr.
The work in the department of Physical Training had grown until
it was deemed advisable to furnish assistance to Dr. Boice. This was
done in the person of Miss Harriet E. Trask. Miss Trask was gradua-
ted from the Boston Normal School for Gymnastics and had had a
year's successful experience in teaching.
Miss May Bobbins, one of our most efficient primary teachers,
resigned in February, owing to illness in her family at home. To fill
the vacancy thus created, Mies Ethel C. Knodle was appointed. Miss
Knodle was one of the most promising graduates of the Farnum Pre-
paratory School and of our State Normal School, and had had some
experience in teaching in Atlantic City.
Miss Mary B. Eastburn, who had been one of the ablest teachers in
the Primary Department for a number of years, resigned to accept a
position as training teacher in the Normal School of Providence, R. I.
To fill this vacancy, Miss Louise B. Struble was appointed. Miss Struble
312 SCHOOL REPORT.
wa? graduated from our Normal School in 1882, and had taught very
successfully for a number of years in the city of Trenton.
To fill the vacancy caused by the death of Miss Fogle, Miss Kate
D. Stout was transferred from the department of History. Miss
Stout had assisted Miss Fogle in the department of Training and
proven her fitness for that work.
Miss Sarah A. Dynes was selected to fill the vacancy in the depart-
ment of History. Miss Dynes was graduated from the Oshkosh
Normal School, and, after teaching in a high school and some three
years in her Alma Mater, completed a course in Cornell University.
The number of classes in the Normal School had so increased that
it became necessary to add another instructor to the corps, and the
opportunity was taken advantage of to establish a regular pedagogical
chair, and to this chair was elected Levi Seeley, Ph.D. Dr. Seeley
was graduated from the Albany Normal College, and had a wide ex-
perience as Principal and Superintendent of schools, and of Professor
of Pedagogics at Lake Forest University. He had studied four
years in the German universities, and was well known as a writer.
The experience and efficiency of these new teachers have been such
that they may truly be regarded as acquisitions to our corps. It is of
interest to note that the Faculty in our Normal and Model Schools
MOW numbers 38, and that these 38 represent 14 colleges and univer-
sities, 13 normal schools and 12 States. It must be admitted that in
gathering together this corps a cosmopolitan spirit has been shown.
All of our instructors have been exceedingly faithful and painstaking
in their work. They have been represented on the programmes of
each of the County Institutes, of the State Teachers' Association, of a
number of the county associations and of the National Educational
Association. A number of them have visited schools during the
year and a number of them have attended summer schools. Indeed,
their full conduct has been such as characterizes a company thor-
oughly interested and progressive in their work.
A number of Faculty meetings were held, in which the work of
each of the departments was discussed, with a view to suggestions for
improvement and to such a familiarity on the part of all the teachers
with the purposes in each department as would promote unity.
COURSE OF STUDY.
The arrangement of our course of study, as published in the last
annual report has proven most satisfactory. When it was found that
the course had been lengthened one year, a number felt disappointed,
but as soon as it was observed that opportunity was given to take the
work in less time than the four years, if the student possessed the
ability to do so, the disappointment was removed. Our course, as
STATE NORMAL AND MODEL SCHOOLS. 313
now laid out, both in the Normal and Model Schools, compares favor-
ably with that of the leading schools of the country.
The Normal course being three years in length enables our students
to reach a high degree of qualification. It is gratifying, however,
to note that there is a growing demand for still greater opportunities
of preparation, and it is hoped that the time is not far distant when
we may add opportunities for still another year's study. I do not
believe that the time is ripe for asking all to take a four-years' course,
but with only one Normal School to support, our State can well afford
to furnish opportunity for the students of this school to go ag high as
any general demand may warrant. The profession of teaching is
constantly widening. Many students are going to the universities
and colleges, but there are many more who cannot go to these higher
institutions but can add at least another year to the usual Normal
course. It is believed that it would be very wise for our State to
furnish the opportunity to take this additional year at its Normal
school.
We are still devoting as much attention as possible to individual
pupils, with a view to their proper classification. Many students are
found whose working power is in advance of their knowledge. Others
are found with whom the opposite is true, and care is taken that these
facts are kept in mind in classifying. Hence new classifications have
been made in a number of instances during the school year.
The courtesy afforded us by the city of Trenton in permitting our
graduating class of the Normal School to go into the city schools to
observe and practice has been very greatly appreciated. It is be-
lieved that this practice has been so conducted that the city has
suffered no evil from it, and that indeed both the city and the
Normal School have been benefited by it in the light of all phases of
our inter-relations.
ENTERTAINMENTS.
During the year a number of entertainments were given appropri-
ate to the various holidays, &c. Among the most interesting waa
that of Arbor day. The gifts on this latter occasion consisted of
" The Fighting Gladiator," in memory of Miss Fogle, by the Normal
Class of '95, supplemented by the under classes and the Faculty.
Busts of Shakespeare, Milton, Washington and Emerson, by the
Model Boys' Department.
Photographs of the " Sistine Madonna," " The Madonna of the
•Chair," " St. Cecilia " and " The Transfiguration," by Raph«l ; " Holy
Night," by Coreggio ; " Immaculate Conception," by Murillo ; and
^' The Aurora," by Guido Reni, from the Model girls.
Crayon portraits of the former principals of the school. Engrav-
ings of " Trial of Effie Deans," " Shakespeare and His Friends," "A
Scene in the Napoleonic Wars in Spain," "A Scene in the Franco-
314 SCHOOL REPORT.
Prussian War in 1870," "A Bacchic Dance," "Goethe Reciting Faust,"
from another source.
These contributions, added to the many received in the past, give to
our school a furnished and refined appearance.
ADDRESSES.
During the year addresses were delivered before the school on peda-
gogical subjects by Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, of New York ; Dr.
Wm. N. Barringer, of Newark; Principal William E. Wilson, of
Providence, and Superintendent Thomas B. Stockwell, of Rhode
Island. Lectures were given as follows : "Animal Life in the Sea,'^
by Prof. Austin C. Apgar ; "A Cubic Mile of Sunlight," by Dr. Wm.
N. Mumper ; " The Culture Value of Poetry," by Dr. Elias F. Carr,
and the following six historical subjects by Francis B. Lee, E-q., of
Model Class of '88 : " The Genesis of the Jerseys," " Swedes and Dutch
in New Jersey," " English Calvinists of East Jersey and Quakers of
West Jersey," "Colonial Life of the Jerseys," " New Jersey trom 1702
to 1775," and " The Indians of New Jersey."
The school was very grateful for all of the above addresses and
lectures, being, as they were, scholarly, instructive and entertaining.
The interest in the historical lectures was quickened by the fact that
Mr. Lee was one of our own graduates, one who has always retained
a lively interest in our welfare, who has thus early in life received dis-
tinguished recognition for his accomplishments in history, and whose
arrangement of subject-matter denotes a clear conception of what is
within the range of the interest of students.
GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS.
The repairs to our grounds and buildings have been somewhat ex-
tensive, and have greatly added not only to their ornamentation, but
to their usefulness. Among these may be mentioned the re- stuccoing
and painting of the school buildings, the completion of the iron fence
around the entire grounds, the laying of a stone sidewalk around the
entire grounds, and the altering of the partitions in the scientific
department so as to bring the chemical lecture-room next to the
chemical laboratory, and the fitting up of the department of physics
with facilities for individual work. Also the erection of a new and
handsome cupola on the Normal end of the school building to cor-
respond with that on the Model end of the building.
These, together with the thorough renovating of the school build-
ings and boarding halls, place us in good condition for the work of
the coming year, as well as give assurance that we do not propose in.
any way to allow our property to deteriorate.
STATE NORMAL AND MODEL SCHOOLS. 31&
The following figures show original cost and present valuation of
Normal School property :
Original cost of Norinal and Model School buildings with lot $72,000
Estimated value of furniture, books, &c 8,000
Value of Boarding Halls 65,000
Value of Boarding Hall furniture 10,000
Total .' $155,000
The above original values have appreciated till the tables should
now read as follows :
Former Normal and Model buildings $60,000
Former school furniture, apparatus, &c 8,000'
Lot 115,000
Appropriation of 1890 for new building 40,000-
Appropriation of 1891 for alterations, furniture, &c 8,000
Principal's residence and Boarding Halls, including addition of
1892 99,000
Boarding Hall furniture 25,000
Appropriation of 1893 for new building 12,000-
Appropriation of 1894 for completion of building 10,000
Additional apparatus and improvements to the grounds 23,000
Total $400,00a-
HEALTH.
The health of the students has been generally good. There have
been no contagious diseases among our boarders. Among our day
pupils there were three cases of scarlet fever and six cases of diph-
theria reported by the Board of Health. The history of these cases
was followed most carefully, and the conclusion was reached that nO
one of them was contracted in the school. The alarm caused by the
prevalence of diphtheria in the city was the means of a number of
the pupils being taken out of school temporarily.
RELATION OF THE NOBMA.L TO THE SCHOOL SYSTEM OF
THE STATE.
The system of commissioning High Schools is proving one of the
most valuable instrumentalities for good in elevating the High School
standards of the State that we have yet discovered. The following
High Schools, thirty-one in number, are now on the "Approved List : "
Long Branch, New Brunswick, Newark, Jersey City, Caldwell,
Orange, Passaic, Asbury Park, Plainfield, Trenton, Hackensack,
Rahway, Morristown, Montclair, Atlantic City, Dover, Millvillej,
316 SCHOOL REPORT.
Hoboken, Vineland, Salem, East Orange, Woodstown, Mount H0II7,
Manasquan, Bayonne City, Fiemington, Madison, Freehold, Westfield,
State Model, and Farnum Preparatory.
When it is remembered that of the above High Schools all, except-
ing four or five, have raised their standards during the past five years
in order to be placed on the "Approved List," it will be conceded that
<iuriag these years secondary education has made a very large gain.
During the year thirty-three graduates of High Schools were ad-
mitted into the professional course. These persons show a good
-preparation for the professional work so far as general culture is
^concerned, though there are particulars in which they might come to
this work more strongly qualified without additional effort on the
part of the High School.
Fifty- eight students have been admitted on teachers' certificates
and county diplomas. These admissions are in the main satisfactory.
MODE OF COMMISSIONING.
The following resolutions, passed by the Board of Trustees Febru-
ary 6th, 1889, and the appended blank forms, explain the mode of
commissioning. Parties desiring to commission should send to the
Principal of the Normal School for blank forms :
Resolved, That after the date of the passage of this resolution, graduates
■of High Schools in this State may be admitted to the professional work of
the Normal School without examination, under the following conditions :
I. Upon the application of any Principal, local Superintendent and Presi-
dent of the Board of Trustees of any High School in this State, the Committee
on Education shall make an examination of the school on behalf of which
such application is made, and if, in their judgment, the course of study and
discipline of the High School in question shall warrant it, said High School
shall be placed upon the "Approved List," and a notice to that effect sent
to the Principal of the school. The fact shall also be reported to the State
Board of Education at their next meeting.
II. Properly-certified graduates of any High School on the "Approved
List" shall be admitted, by the Principal of the Normal School, to the pro-
fessional course of the Normal School, without examination, and shall be
regular members of that course.
III. On the report of the Principal of the Normal School that the students
of any High School on the "Approved List," who may have entered without
examination, are, after due trial, found not to be properly qualified to go on
with the work of the professional course, the Committee on Education may
strike the name of the High School which certified said students from the
" Approved List." Notice of such action shall be sent to the Principal of
(the High School in question, and it shall also be reported to the State
Board of Education.
STATE NORMAL AND MODEL SCHOOLS. 317
HIGH SCHOOL APPLICATION.
To the Board of Trustees of the New Jersey State Normal School :
Gentlemen — We, the undersigned, do hereby make application to have
the High School placed on the "Approved List'*^
of New Jersey. We do hereby certify that graduation at the above school
requires that the person to be graduated shall have pursued the following
branches, or their equivalents, viz. : Orthography, Penmanship, Elocution,.
English Grammar, Geography, United States History, General History,
Bookkeeping, Practical Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry (five books). Ele-
mentary Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Botany, Industrial Drawing, Latin
or German at least a three years' course. Herewith find course of study.
Signed,
Principal Superintendent.
President of Board.
State of New Jersey.
HIGH SCHOOL COMMISSION.
This certifies that the High School is placed on the-
"Approved List" of the Board of Trustees of the State Normal School, and'
that the Principal of said High School is hereby authorized to certify its
graduates for admission to the work of the second year, or strictly profes-
sional course, of the State Normal School, subject to the conditions upon
which this commission is granted.
State Board of Education,
Trenton, New Jersey 18...
Chairman. ] Committee
[seal.] I on
Secretary. ] Education,
LIBRARY.
Miss Bertha E. Blakely, who had served us so efficiently during
the year as librarian, resigned to accept the position of librarian in
Mount Holyoke College, and Miss Martha F. Nelson, formerly
librarian of the W. C. T. U. of Trenton, was appointed to fill the
vacancy.
During the year a large number of volumes have been added 'to
the collection of books. The students are given free access to the
library under proper restrictions and are permitted either to read
books in the room or to take them out.
The iiifluence of this department is constantly growing in strength
in the school. The culture tone is being elevated and habits of
research more generally formed.
318 SCHOOL REPORT.
LITERARY SOCIETIES.
There are seven literary societies, made up of members of the differ-
«iit classes, namely : The Normal Debating Society, composed of young
men of the Normal School ; the Thencanic Society, composed of young
men of the Model School ; the Gamma Sigma Society, the Arguromu-
thus Society, the Philomathean Literary Club, the Clionion Society,
and the Shakespearean Society, composed, each, of young ladies from
both the Normal and Model departments.
There are also several class organizations doing literary work.
Of the above societies, four are quite distinctly debating societies,
the others giving most of their time to reading. All report a profit-
able year, both as to character of work and numbers.
The numbers in the Thencanic have decreased but the officers claim
that the working quality has improved.
It is the desire of the authorities of the schgol that the work in
these literary societies differ from that in the class-rooms, giving more
opportunity for self-dependence, hence, the desirability of debate, as
there is no exercise equal to it in developing the power of self-
command.
Two public entertainments were given.
ALUMNI.
The Alumni Association held its seventh annual meeting on the
19th day of June. The meeting was called to order in the Normal
study-room at 12 o'clock by President George E. Briggs, of Peeks-
kill, N. Y., who gave a few well- chosen words of welcome. About
one hundred members responded to the roll-call.
After a short business meeting, the members adjourned to the dining-
room of the boarding-hall, where luncheon was served. After the
luncheon the following programme was carried out :
Song— " There's Peace on the Deep " State Schools Male Quartette.
Messrs. Woodhouse, Davis, Tomlinson, Axford.
Address Hon. Robert S. Woodruff.
Instrumental Solo — "Styrienne" John Muirheid.
Address The President.
Song — "Oh, the Foaming Sea" State Schools Male Quartette.
Sentiments— " Oar Alma Mater" — Normal, Principal J. M. Green.
Model, Prof. D. H. Farley and Mr.
Clare M. Henry.
" Our Ex-Presidents " — Prof. A. C. Apgar and Mr. R. L.
HOAGLAND.
"The Signal "—Dr. Elias F. Carr.
"The Teacher "—Mr. Algernon Cadwallader.
"The Ladies" — Dr. Charles Dilts.
STATE NORMAL AND MODEL SCHOOLS. 319
Other responses were made by Mr. Carl Rickey and Mr. W. W.
Scully.
Letters of regret were received from Hon. Cliauncey M. Depew,
Mr. St. Clair McKelway, Mr. D. E. Ainsworth, Major Henry
Waters, Rev. Frank Voorhes, Mr. Frank Van Horn and Mr.
Francis B. Lee.
The following were announced as the officers for the ensuing year :
President — W. W. Scully, Bound Brook, N. J,
Normal Vice President — Miss Jennie Joy, Trenton, N. J.
Model Vice President— Henry W. Ott, Trenton, N. J.
Normal Secretary — Miss Dela H. Maris, Moorestown, N. J.
Model Secretary — Mrs. Edward W, Potter, Trenton, N. J,
Corresponding Secretary — Francis B. Lee, Trenton, N. J.
Treasurer — Miss Hanna H. Eastburn, Trenton, N. J.
With the singing of "America" the meeting closed and the mem-
bership separated for their various destinations, feeling their enthu-
siasm for their Alma Mater and for each other's welfare rekindled.
The next meeting will be held on the Normal commencement day
of 1896. All graduates of the Normal or the Model, and all who
came within one year of graduation, are eligible, and are very much
desired to join the association.
"THE SIGNAL."
Our school paper was, as last year, published monthly. It experi-
enced its most prosperous year, both financially and in the character
of its composition. It was bright and spicy, and served as the medium
for many interesting communications concerning the former graduates
and on topics of concern to the school and its friends.
This publication is deserving of the most ardent support and encour-
agement on the part of all who are interested in the school.
COMMENCEMENT WEEK.
The exercises of commencement week were, as usual, of great interest
and brought to the schools many former graduates and many friends of
those about to be graduated. All of the various features of the week
attracted large audiences and proved of an interesting character.
The Baccalaureate Address was delivered in the Auditorium on Mon-
day evening, June 17th, by Rev. Charles J. Young, D.D,, of New York ;
subject, "The Power and the Principle of Adaptation in Knowledge
and Human Life " The address was both scholarly and eloquent, and
freighted with rich, practical lessons.
320 SCHOOL KEPORT.
The February Division of the Normal CJass held its commencement
exercises February Ist.
Monday afternoon and Tuesday afternoon, June 17th and 18th^
were the occasions of the Model and June Division of the Normal
Senior Days, respectively. These occasions were popular and brought
forth many of the pleasing and memorable incidents in the history of
the classes.
A pleasant feature at the close of the Normal commencement pro-
gramme was the reception given in the gymnasium by the President cf
the Board of Education, together with the Principal and Mrs. Green,
to the members of the graduating classes and their visiting friends.
REPORT
New Jersey Scliool for Deaf-Miites,
1894-95.
Weston Jenkins, Superintendent.
21
(321)
NEW lERSEY SCHOOL FOR DEAF-MUTES.
Trenton, November 18tb, 1895.
To Addison B. Poland y State Superintendent :
Sir — The school for deaf-mutes has closed a year which would
have been one of unusual success but for the prevalence among its
pupils of contagious disease — diphtheria and scarlet fever — and the
death, from several causes, of five of its pupils. Notwithstanding
these drawbacks, the attendance has risen to 126, an increase of 9
over that of the preceding year. In this very regretable increase of
illness and mortality over previous years, moreover, the school suffered
only in common with the rest of the community, the winter of 1894-95
having been remarkable for the ravages of diphtheria to an extent
unparalleled for several decades.
It is a gratification to know that, as certified by the sanitary authori-
ties who made a careful inspection of the institution, the plumbing
and sewerage system and the regimen of the pupils meet the highest
requirements of modern construction and hygienic science.
The completion of the new building for industrial and physical train-
ing with its equipment and the organization of courses of instruction in
these departments, marks an epoch in the history of the school. The
underlying idea in planning the work of these departments has been
to make the educational result the chief end and aim of all that is done.
Too often, in the industrial department of feimilar schools, the great
effort has been to turn out as large a quantity of work as possible in
order to make a show of economy. In order to succeed in this pur-
pose the principle of division of labor is invoked, and the pupil learns
to work as one of a " team " in the manufacture of the product of the
shop, acquiring manual expertness in a single process at the cost of nar-
rowing rather than expanding his faculties. In the several industrial
branches taught in this school, it is intended first of all that the work
shall give the pupil better command of eye and hand, alertness of
mind, power of attention and exactness of execution.
Next in importance is considered the direct training for self-sup-
port in the handicraft which the pupil acquires, and lastly, and only
incidentally, the money value of the article produced.
Thus, after careful deliberation, it was decided to continue the in-
struction in printing and to equip the department with a quite com-
(323)
324 SCHOOL REPORT.
plete and expensive plant, and this in the face of an apparently
decreasing demand of type-setters on account of the general introduc-
tion of machines for that purpose. This step was resolved upon
because it seemed that of all the industrial branches taught, printing
has the highest educational value. It brings the pupil constantly
into contact with the forms of expression of the English language ; it
requires the highest degree of accuracy in the adjustment of the rigid
types and space marks ; it cultivates close observation and calls for the
exercise of considerable judgment in the reading of copy. The
making up of job work and the execution of fine press-work appeal
also to the aesthetic sense. For these reasons it has seemed that boys
trained in the art of printing, under a competent instructor, with the
end in view always of gaining all that is possible from their work^
should have a good preparation for earning their living, even if they
should not be able to find work in printing offices. These reasons
have justified the forming of a class in printing among our female
pupils, who are taught the art with no expectation of its proving a
means of support to them, but for the educational benefit to be
derived from learning it.
The department of wood- working, too, is organized and equipped
with the same end in view. A graduate of one of the leading poly-
technic schools of the country has been appointed instructor, and,
while a complete course, fully adapted to the special needs of our
pupils, remains to be worked out by experience, the tentative working
of the department will be guided by the experience of the most success-
ful schools, and based on principles which have been proved to be of
general application.
The course of Sewing adopted is that originating in the Teachers'
College, New Yqrk, and leading up to dressmaking, in which our
older girls are thoroughly taught. Shoemaking is a craft in which
the educational element is not so easily developed as in the other
industries, but the pupils in this department receive in addition, teach-
ing in manual training to supply the deficiencies which would otherwise
exist in their industrial curriculum.
The whole basement of the new building, about 40 by 80 feet, is given
up to the purposes of a gymnasium, and is furnished with apparatus of
the most approved form and of the best manufacture. Every pupil
who is not physically disabled is required, as a part of the school work,
to take part in systematic gymnastic exercises under a professional
instructor. Before entering on such course, every pupil is carefully
examined under the forms prescribed by the instructor, a graduate
physician, to determine his or her ability to do the work, also to ascer-
tain any defect calling for special exercises to overcome it.
The effect of physical training in developing the chest and strength-
ening the lungs is very marked, and is peculiarly beneficial in the case
of deaf children, who are to be taught to speak. In many cases there
NEW JERSEY SCHOOL FOR DEAF-MUTES. 325
as a weakness of the vocal organs due to disuse which this training
successfully overcomes.
In the school- room work of the school there is not much that is
new to record. In regard to the teaching of language, which is the
great and special difficulty of the education of the deaf, the system of
modern language- teaching of M, Gjuin seems to deserve particular
attention. The principles of language-teaching which he lays down
agree quite remarkably with those adopted of late years by the most
successful teachers of deaf-mutes as the basis of their work. Many of
his methods presuppose the possession of hearing on the part of the
pupil, but much of his work can be adapted to the conditions of the
deaf child and have proved very successful with them. It seems un-
questionable that much of the current foreign language-teaching must
be revolutionized by the application of the principles which M. Gouin
has demonstrated.
The study of geography has been very much emphasized and its
scope broadened within the past year.
If there is such a thing as a central study about which others group
themselves in a natural order, it would seem that geography has strong
claims to be eo regarded. Regarding the earth as the home of man,
its surface relief, its distribution of land and water, its great currents
of ocean and atmosphere as ministering to his wants and facilitating
his intercourse with his kind, this science affords everywhere starting-
points for other branches of study and possesses a universal interest.
The collecting and studying of specimens of vegetable products, min-
erals and, so far as practicable, of animals, tends to develop the scien-
tific turn of mind, and the careful description of these observations
gives an unequaled training in the use of that kind of English which
is most needed in common life and on which modern literary expression
tends to form itself.
The teaching of speech has been enlarged during the year and the
results obtained would indicate that the limit to which this work may
profitably be carried has not yet been reached.
The year before us promises, in the absence of any unforeseen draw-
back, to be highly successful. With every appliance for the health and
comfort of the inmates, with an equipment of the best for physical
^nd manual training, added to our former facilities for education, and
with a staff of faithful and competent officers constantly profiting by
<their experience, we may reasonably hope for continued improvement.
Respectfully submitted,
WESTON JENKINS,
Superintendent.
REPORTS
Manual and Industrial Training
STATE OF NEW lERSRY.
1 894- 1 895.
(327)
REPORT OF MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAIN'
ING FOR THE CITY OF NEWARK-1894-1895.
[Organized under the Act of 1881, Chapter CXLIV.]
Jo Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — In compliance with the statute under which the
Newark Technical School was organized, I submit the following
report for the year ending April 30th, 1895 :
In my last report I mentioned having received a number of letters
from graduates with reference to the benefits derived from attending
the Technical School.
Since that time many more have been received, all of which show
a deep sense of gratitude to the institution.
The receipt of these letters has been a source of great pleasure to
the management of the school, and the trustees feel gratified that the
institution of which they have had the oversight has been so success-
ful and so great an incentive to those who have attended its sessions.
The one great regret is, that owing to business conditions the build-
ing fund has not yet been completed, and for the present the course
of study cannot be extended to any great degree owing to the lack of
sufficient and proper accommodations. The school now has in reserve
toward the building fund $6,993, besides about $23,000 in subscrip-
tions which are to be paid when the amount subscribed reaches
$30,000.
Appended is the financial statement for the year ending April
30th, 1895.
Respectfully submitted,
Charles A. Colton, E.M.,
Director.
Approved by the Board of Trustees.
W. N. Barringer,
Secretary.
(329)
330 SCHOOL REPORT.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT FOR YEAR ENDING APRIL 30TH, 1895.
Dr.
Balance on hand April 30th, 1894 $3,525 67
City appropriation, 1894-95 5,000 00
State appropriation, 1894-95 5,000 OO
Cash received for merchandise 363 25
" tuition 20 00
" building funds 10 00
$13,918 92
Cr.
Salaries $6,071 43
Rent 1,400 00
Merchandise 363 52
Furniture and fixtures... 6 46
Plant.. 1,154 11
Repairs 20 02
Incidentals 628 41
$9,649 95
Balance on hand 4,268 97
$13,918 92.
REPORT OF MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAIN-
ING FOR THE CITY OF HOBOKEN-1894-1895
[Organized under the Act of 1881, Chapter CXLIV.]
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent:
Dear Sir — In submitting the eighth annual report of manual train-
ing in the City of Hoboken, it is proper for the Board of Trustees to
preface their record of the year's work by a statement of the re organi-
zation of the Board, under the appointment of the Governor, on the
5th of April, 1895, in pursuance of a supplement to the act of 1881^
under which act this Board was originally organized. Under the
re- organization the Board lost the valuable services of Dr. Nicholas
Murray Butler, and also of the Hon. Charles W. Fuller, but they
have received the added valuable assistance of Mrs. C. B. Alexander,
Mr. William Keuffel, Mr. James Smith and the Hon. Lawrenise
Fagan. After re-organization a committee was appointed to revise
the manual of rules and regulations governing the Board and its work.
It is our expectation that the present year may even exceed the excel-
lent record of the year past in general scope and in detail. We are not
quite ready perhaps to increase the number of our departments,
although that is a subject which will soon demand a hearing, but these
ten years' experience have developed many necessary extensions and
modifications — changes in the grades taught, strict limitations of the
project and art work, broadening the educational lines, extending
the scope of the drawing lessons, object drawing, &c. We are confi-
dent that these changes are betterments and tend to develop keeness
of thought and readiness of apprehension and power of expression in
our pupils, and will enable them to pursue their studies in other
departments with greater profit to themselves.
It is a pleasing duty to report the prospect of larger facilities for
our several departments in the new public library building which
will be erected during the spring and summer of 1896. The admir-
able arrangement proposed will not only afford our departments
enlarged and more convenient space, but will practically give us a
separate building, ample storage and cellar room, ample and well-
lighted space for lathes, drills and boiler, and, in the upper story, a
large lecture-room. This much-coveted and substantial gift to the
(S31)
332 SCHOOL REPORT.
city is afforded us by the generosity of Mrs. E. A. Stevens and mem-
bers of her family, and is to be built, in connection with the public
library, on the large square in the centre of the city.
Last May, as in former years, special days were appointed for a
public inspection of the results of the year's studies and of the classes
in their respective rooms at work. Visitors are invited to examine
our work at any time in the year which suits their convenience, and
they avail themselves of the invitation almost daily ; but in May we
have been accustomed to name three days for a special review-inspec-
tion, and last May many thousands of persons visited our school,
coming not alone from Hoboken but from all the neighboring cities,
and we believe that this has had an educational result among the
people at large and an appreciable influence upon school boards and
other officials.
We have made but one change in our teaching corps, substituting
Mr. Alfred H. Rockwood for Miss Alice Perry in the carving de-
partment, and we have added an assistant teacher, Miss McCain, in
the sewing department. Our teachers and our comments upon their
work during the year are as follows :
SEWING DEPARTMENT — MRS. P. G. FLEMING, TEACHER. MISS
MCCAIN, ASSISTANT.
The same unfailing care has been taken to inculcate in the pupils
of the various classes habits of thrift, accuracy, cleanliness and
patience, and impress upon them the importance of their work, and
these have led them to a commendable ambition for that proficiency
and excellence which may be sentimental, but is nevertheless a potent
factor in this department. The instruction is in the well-defined
graded course, which has been already reported, and is contained in
our little " Primer," and is fully explained in our printed " Cate-
chetical Course," both of which we will gladly send to anyone apply-
ing for them.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY — MISS E. HUGER, TEACHER.
In this department we have over two hundred girls, and in this, as
in other studies, there is home preparation. A suflScient preparatory
course is given in the chemistry of foods, heat, &c., weights and
measures and kindred subjects, and a thorough educational instruc-
tion in the science of cooking. The girls are taught the classification
and composition of food and the dietetic value of food materials, the
purchase and care of food supplies, and the rules for cutting all kinds
of meats. The pupils are required to take notes of the lectures and
prepare " briefs." Our primer on cooking explains the manner in
which the instruction is graded.
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 333
Care is taken to impress upon pupils the fact that the quality of
common food material is variable and that it is necessary to learn
reliable tests, &c. ; there is no economy in using inferior materials.
Economy, however, is taught to the very saving of each good grain.
One fundamental law of manual training is the introduction of the
fact before the principle, and in our cooking classes we start from
what the pupil knows and allow him or her to work toward and into
the discoverable, endeavoring to see that the materials are properly
presented before we expect thought relations; for icstance, the child
must first know bicarbonate of soda and cream of tarter before we
can expect her to know the result ot combining them. Every effort
is made to stimulate the child's mind to activity, for the mind can
only acquire real knowledge by its own research, and correct habits
and methods of study properly attained in these industrial depart-
ments are certain to assist the pupil in other studies. The field of
handicraft is on the increase every year in the schools, and yet arith-
metic and other language- lessons are not crowded out, for the pupils
have them all, aided and strengthened by these important branches of
their education.
There will come a time when the girls will be taught carpentry and
the boys cooking in our Hoboken work, as they are taught elsewhere,
for in these lessons practical arithmetic of household accounts and
measurements of the grocery, workshop, &c., are combined. A
thoughtful child remarked quite recently, after a study of " the
spices," " Why, we must go all over the world for our dinner," thus
showing how she had been studying geography in her "cooking
lessons."
CLAY- MODELING — MISS M. D. ARNOLD, TEACHER.
The aim of the work in this department has been to carry the
pupils gradually from the simple type forms they are familiar with
in their play and every- day life, to the objects of beauty and utility
all around them.
The first step is to find out how much the pupil already knows
about the source and character of the material to be handled, the uses
made of it in manufacturing, and the best means of caring for tools
and materials. Then follow the simple type forms, the sphere, cube,
cylinder, &c., bringing out an expression from the pupil of the form,
by handling and comparison with surrounding objects, and while
making the form in plastic clay, there is instilled upon the mind,
which guides the hand, the necessity for careful study of proportion,
beauty and symmetry of outline, and its adaptability to purposes of
utility or beauty in architecture. Simple geometric forms in vogue
in decoration and architecture by different nations are introduced to
be modeled from, drawings and good casts of low relief, and nature,
334 SCHOOL REPORT.
and the pupils are taught to make their own observations, and create
from these. Not only drawing, but geography and history and
ajithmetic, &c., enter into their study and are reciprocal.
WOOr-CARVING — ALFRED H. ROCK WOOD, TEACHER.
At present, fifteen classes, numbering twenty pupils each, are accom-
modated in this department. The wood- carving room contains twenty
benches with the same number of sets of tools.
The course pursued is something of an advance upon that used last
year, and modeled upon the system in use at the Teachers' College in
New York. Pupils are thoroughly drilled in exercises bringing in
fundamental educational principles. These exercises are followed by
interlaced, straight and curved- line patterns, chip- carving, concave and
convex models and designs from historic ornaments. The studiousness
and enthusiasm of the pupils in wood- carving is very general.
Some scholars, in doing the first exercises, have executed as many
as three models before arriving at the result at which they are taught
to aim. When the pupil reaches this point his appreciation of the
result is manifest, and after- results, in later works, are marked ad-
vances. They are taught to lay out their own designs as far as this
is practicable.
Better work than heretofore in this particular direction is possible
by reason of the additional time now allotted to drawing.
There are at present over 250 pupils in carving, an increase of about
twenty- five per cent, since our last report.
WOOD- WORKING— J. B. BLOOMER, TEACHER.
In the wood- working and mechanical drawing departments we are
following a course which is the result of our eight years' experience,
and we are obtaining as good results as can reasonably be expected.
The attendance has been marked, the interest fully sustained. Not a
single pupil has asked to be excused from the work during the year.
The Venetian iron- work has been a decided success, although our
iron-work has been as yet somewhat limited. We have arranged a
more systematic course for this year, using none but original designs.
A valuable adjunct to our work will be a course of lectures, pointing
out to the people the true value of the industrial work, particularly
the drawing and clay- modeling.
In the new building we shall have a lecture-room suitable for the
purpose, and it is hoped that we may be able to carry out this project.
In all the departments there has been fairly commendable work
done, and wholly on educational lines. No attempt has been made
to produce merely ornamental results. Everything has been done
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 335
to discourage the "accomplishment" idea. It is school work : instruct-
ing the mind, the eye, the hand in the elements and foundations of a
superstructure which the individual pupil must rear. The former
boys and girls, now young men and women, who, during the past ten
years, have had the benefit of manual training in Hoboken, are daily
bearing testimony to the incalculable advantage it has been to them in
their mental training, in their observation of things familiar and in
the selection of their life-work and its success.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
Receipts, as per Mr. McCann, late treasurer.. $7,827 39
Expenditures, as per Mr. McCann, late treasurer 2,441 36
May 21st, 1895, balance $5,386 03
Paid over to Mr. Jas. Smith, treasurer —
Balance in bank $2,876 03
Loan certificates in bank 2,510 00
5,386 03
May 21st, 1895. Received from late treasurer $5,386 03
Expended to June 30th, 1895—
For salaries $630 00
Incidentals 139 21
769 21
$4,616 82
June 30th, 1895. Bank $2,106 82
Loan certificates 2,510 00
$4,616 82
Respectfully submitted,
Geoege C. Houghton, President,
William Keuffel, Vice President,
James Smith, Treasurer,
David E. Rue, Secretary,
Thomas H. McCann,
M. B. Stevens,
C. B. Alexander,
Edward Russ,
George T. Werts,
Lawrence Fagan.
REPORTS ON MANUAL TRAINING-1894-1895.
[Organized under Act of 1888, Chap. XXXVIIL]
ATLANTIC CITY.
To Addison B, Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — I have the pleasure herewith to submit to you my third
annual report of the manual training department of the public schools
of this city for the year ending June 30th, 1895. Very few changes
have been made in the general plan and scope of our work during
the past year. The shop- work for pupils in our high school has
been made compulsory. The high school course embraces the ninth,
tenth, eleventh and twelfth grades. This gives pupils completing
our full course four years' careful and systematic training under the
guidance of a skillful teacher. The work has been so arranged that
the boys take mechanical drawing and joinery, while the girls take
designing and wood- carving. The time devoted by each pupil to his
or her work is limited to two periods of thirty-five minutes each per
week. The manual training rooms are located in the basement of
the Pennsylvania Avenue School, and are not adapted to the actual
needs and requirements of a well- equipped school. The new high
school building now in course of erection will contaio two large
well-lighted rooms with the best equipments that can possibly be
secured.
Arrangements have been made whereby the manual training
teacher can give one day per week to the supervision of drawing in
the primary and grammar grades. This has been of great value to
teachers of such grades, and is the only successful means through
which we can reach teachers who have had no training in any
standard system of drawing. The frequent changes made in our
teaching force and the employment of untrained teachers is too often
detrimental to the best interests of our school work. It is a well-
settled fact that if the mechanical instinct is to be developed it must
be undertaken long before the child reaches the high school age, and
that if it is to be directed at all, it must be commenced long before
the child goes to the high school. From this point of view it is
apparent that manual training work should start at the beginning,
•lather than at the end, of our school work. Drawing work in all
(8il)
342 SCHOOL REPORT.
grades below the high school is in harmony with that of our
manual training course. The study of the various type forms, paper-
folding, paper- cutting, clay- modeling, construction work and geo-
metric drawing forms the basis of our work.
The addition of knife-work in the grammar grades would greatly
assist pupils in the use of a complete set of the principal hand wood-
working tools used in the shops. Our course in drawing and manual
training is thorough, and aims at a thoughtful development of mind
and training of the hand. Much credit is due to the energy and'
ability of Mr. Ackerman, who has, during the past two years, given
his time and talent toward the successful establishment of this depart-
ment. The quality of our work has been better than during former
years, and the general effect upon all lines of school work has been
praiseworthy. My report last year gave a detailed account of plant,
material used, character and amount of work done. No changes have
been made in either of the above, except that we have had a better
quality of work. At the close of the present school year we had an
exhibit of work done in our public schools. The drawing and work
of our manual training departments made a very creditable exhibit
and showed intelligent and painstaking effort on behalf of all of our
pupils. The exhibit was productive of much good. Our course in
sewing has been changed during the past year. As now arranged,,
girls of the fifth, sixth and seventh grades take sewing, a period of
forty minutes per week being devoted to the same. Each year's work
consists of twelve exercises. A new exercise usually embodies a new
principle with a review of two or three exercises previously taught.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
Receipts.
Balance from last year $761 03^
Amount raised by special tax 2,000 OO'
Amount received from the State.
Amount received from other sources
Overdrawn
Total $2,761 03
Expenditures.
Teachers' salaries $1,567 50
Plant 296 16
Material 179 64
Rent
Incidentals -
Balance June 30th, 1895 717 73
Total $2,761 03
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 343
DRAWING.
1. Name of teacher. — L. E. Ackerman.
2. Special salary paid. — (See Wood-working.)
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — Yes.
4. Nuviher of pupils taught — Males, 52 ; females,
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson. — Thirty-five minutes.
7. Grade or grades imvhich subject is taught. — Ninth, tenth, eleventh and
twelfth.
8. Amotmt expended during current year. — Plant, ; material, ;
salary
9. Total amount expended to date. —
DESIGNING.
1. Name of teacher. — L. E. Ackerman.
2. Special salary paid. — None.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work f — Yes.
4. Nt^mber of pupils taught — Males, 9; females, 96.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson. — Thirty- five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Ninth, tenth, eleventh and
twelfth.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material, ;
salary,
9. Total amount expended to date. —
SEWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Class teacher.
2. Special salary paid. — None.
3. 7s teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, ; females, 301.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — Forty minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Fifth, sixth and seventh.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material,
M ; salary,
9. Total amount expended to date. —
WOOD-WORK [NG.
1. Name of teacher. — L. E. Ackerman.
2. Special salary paid. — $1,567.50.
3. 7s teacher engaged exclusively in this work f — Yes.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 52 ; females, 96.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson. — Thirty-five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Ninth, tenth, eleventh and
twelfth.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $296.16 ; material,
$179.64; salary, $1,567.50.
9. Total amount expended to date. — S7,282 27.
Respectfully submitted,
W. B. LOUDENSLAGER,
Superintendent.
344 SCHOOL REPORT.
CAMDEN.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — In February, 1894, we enlarged our quarters and
admitted into our Manual Training High School a class of 49 girls
under the same conditions as boys are admitted. At the present time
we have on roll 61 boys and 80 girls, the girls taking the same course
as the boys with the exceptions of metal- working and pattern- making
(in wood).
We find the girls, with scarcely an exception, as enthusiastic over
manual training exercises as the boys, and we find, too, that in joinery
and wood- carving they do equally as good work as the boys.
In clay- modeling and plaster-casting we have had satisfactory
results, and the same is true of sewing.
Throughout the city 2,816 pupils have received instruction in
sewing, and 9,068 pupils in the various forms of modeling, construc-
tion and drawing.
During the past year we have noticed not only an increased interest
amoDg our teachers, but also a more intelligent appreciation of the
aims of manual training instruction, hence better teaching and a
greater influence of this kind of work on what we still denominate the
regular work of the school-room. Many of our teachers have caught
the idea of making these exercines valuable aids in language- teaching,
i. e., oral composition, the manual lessons bringing out the descriptive
powers of the interested pupils. No subjects in our curriculum equal
in interest to the child — well-conducted manual training exercises;
under this aroused interest the skillful teacher does excellent work in
sentence-building — the child, all unconscious of a language- lesson,
giving free expression to his thoughts.
We regret that there should be any confusion of thought about
kindergarten work as compared with primary manual training work
or exercises.
Returning to our particular field, we are moving slowly and care-
fully, noting results. It takes time to educate teachers, and the
unknowing teacher, instead of making these exercises a benefit to
the general scheme, would make them an element of confusion. We
are satisfied with small results, feeling assured that the problem,
under careful watching, will work out its own solution.
It is gratifying to be able to report decided improvement in the
case of drawing. Our teachers are now fully alive to the importance
of this branch, and are still making efforts to acquire the requisite
knowledge and skill to teach this subject. We have considerable
object drawing done in each grade — from the first to the eleventh —
and the number of teachers whose ability is limited to copying from
the flat is each year growing smaller.
REPORT OF THE MANUAL TRAINING AND
INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL LOCATED AT
BORDENTOWN-1894-95.
[Organized under the Act of May 24th, 1894.]
To Addison B. Poland y State Superintendent:
Sir — The trustees respectfully submit their first annual report of
the condition and workings of said school for the year ending June
30th, 1895.
This school has for its object, in a great measure, the training of the
students for the particular and useful industries falliog to their race,
such as plain needle- work and embroidery, dressmaking, dresscutting
and designing, housekeeping, cookery, &c. ; in a word, domestic
service in all its branches ; carpentry, pattern- making, turning and
wood-carving, agriculture and horticulture, together with free-hand
drawing, typewriting and a good EogliBh education.
The expenses are met by a State appropriation of $3,000, in lieu
of aid from the National Government, together with the donations
through an agent and the duplication by the State (limited to $5,000
yearly) which in the past year amounted to $4,426 65.
For the year we rented for domiciliary and school purposes seven
small buildings in different parts of the city, an inconvenience that
we propose to avoid the coming year, by renting a block of five small
houses in a more desirable part of the city.
Our great need is a lot of land and a suitable building, on and in
which all of the operations .of the school can be conducted. We have
in view a lot of very fertile land containing thirty-three acres, situated
on the outskirts of the city, about three- fourths of a mile from the
post-office. We have already employed an architect to draw plana
for the buildings, who has submitted one consisting of a main build-
ing and two wir gs, the former to be of three stories and the latter of
two ; when connected they will present a very creditable appearance
with a frontage of one hundred and forty-four feet, and a depth of
forty feet. Should the plan be adopted and the building erected, we
will have dormitory room for eighty students, besides that for the
faculty and that for school purposes. The probable cost of the build-
22 (337)
338 SCHOOL REPORT.
ing — of wood, is $15,000; of brick, $20,000. We hope to see our
way clear to purchase the said land, and erect thereon the building,
before the close of the coming year. Then there will be nothing in
the way to prevent the school from taking an equal stand with those
of the same kind of other States.
Notwithstanding the difficulties under which the school labored,
yet, through the energy and enthusiasm of its faculty, it did much
real good work all along the line of its industries and the general
school studies. With the additional facilities which we propose to
have for the coming year, we hope to rise higher and higher, and
thus from year to year show our large-hearted donors that the
amounts of their munificence were not misappropriated.
The school opened September 1st, 1894, and closed May Ist, 1895,
with a total attendance of 20 boys and 22 girls.
The number of students in the different studies is as follows :
studies. Boys. Girls.
Spelling 19 19
Reading 19 19
Writing 19 19
Etymology 8 16
Grammar 19 19
Geography 16 19
Arithmetic 16 19
History, U. S.. 8 19
Typewriting ■ 10 10
Plain sewing 29
Embroidery 29
Dresscutting, designing, &c 19
Cookery 19
Household economy 19
Clay modeling 16 19
Carpentry, turning, &c 16
The faculty consisted mostly of graduates of different manual
training and industrial schools. Their names and amount of salaries
paid each are as follows :
Rev. W. A. Rice, Superintendent $1,000 per year.
Mr. W. Henson, Instructor in Carpentery, Wood-working,
Pattern-making, Turning and Wood-carving 40 per month.
Miss Sarah E. Tanner, Principal, Instructor in English
Literature and Industrial Drawing 50 "
Miss Ida A. Burrell, Instructor in Artistic Dressmaking,
Cutting and Designing 40 "
Mrs. Ella M. Rice, Instructor in Plain Sewing, Needle-
work, Embroidery* and Housekeeping 40 "
Miss H. F. Brooks, Instructor in Cookery 20 "
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 339
FINANCIAL REPORT.
Receipts.
■Cash from State in lieu of Government aid $3,000 00
Cash from donations 247 59
Cash from duplication by the State 4,426 65
$7,674 24
Disbursements.
Rents $440 17
Salaries c 2,320 97
Puel 109 70
House Furniture 210 56
School Furniture 158 17
Experimental Cookery 247 01
Material for Carpentry.,.. 145 98
School Supplies 120 14
Sundry Expenses , 181 06
Janitor 33 32
Help 61 00
4.028 08
Thus leaving in the bands of the Treasurer a balance of. $3,646 16
Respectfully submitted,
Fked. G. Wiese,
Secretary of the Board of Trustees.
MAIs^UAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 34^
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson. — Forty-five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Primary and Intermediate.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $6.72; material, ;.
salary, $200.
9. Total amount expended to date. — $974.10.
SEWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Abbie L. Roberts.
2. Special salary paid. — $135.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work f — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males ; females, 117.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson. — Forty five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is tatight — All grades.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material, $18.47 ,".
salary, $135.
9. Total amount expended to date. — $776.18.
WOOD-WOBKING.
1. Name of teacher. — M. Bamberger and assistants.
2. Special salary paid.— $i02.12.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 48; females,
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson. — Forty-five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Grammar.
8. Amount expended during current year — Plant, $4.74 ; material, $9.09 ;:
salary, $402.12.
9. Total amount expended to date. — $1,199.90.
Respectfully submitted,
Herman Foth,
District Clerk.
EAST ORAIsGE.
To Addison B, Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — I submit herewith the manual training report for the
school year ending June 30th, 1895, together with a statement
describing more fully the character and amount of work done, and
the general condition of manual training in the East Orange schools.
DRAWING.
Grammar Gradts (sixth to ninth inclusive). — Working sketches
for the principal shop exercises.
High School. — Mechanical.
First Year. — Exercises for practice :n use of instruments, projec-
tions of geometrical solids revolved in various ways, projections of
solids in groups, working- drawings of cabinetware, tools and details
of machinery.
350 SCHOOL EEPORT.
Second Year. — Projections of geometrical salids revolved in dif-
ferent ways with sections and developments, working-drawings with
patterns of tinware, drawings of details of machinery and simple
machines.
Third Year. — Machine and architectural drawing.
Free-Hand. — Sketches from casts, machines, &c., working-draw-
ings preliminary to exact drawings for construction of objects, archi-
tectural and special decorative.
SEWIKG.
Grammar Grades — Sixth Year. — Darning on canvas, running,
hemming, chain-stitch, felling, French seam, bag.
Seventh Year. — Overhanding turned edges, overhanding on bias,
overhanding selvedges, sewing on of lace, napery- stitch, gusset, flap
and fly, sewing on tape, hem with edging, gathering petticoat with
tucks.
Eighth Year. — Patching on gingham, flannel, damask and cloth ;
herring-boning, flat buttonhole stitch, darning, bias rufile, whipped
hem, apron.
Ninth Year. — Slip-stitching, buttonhole, sewing on button, eye-
lets, loops, pillow sham, feather- stitching, drawn work, satin-stitcb,
fringing, flannel embroidery.
Some of the above models are supplementary pieces for rapid
workers.
WOOD WOBKING — (a) JOINERY.
Grammar Grades — Sixth Year. — Use of T-square, triangles, com-
passes, rule and knife in making geometrical figures and simple joints,
and their applications in wood one- eighth of an inch thick.
Seventh Year. — Preliminary exercises in the use of the various
tools, groove, ledge and dado-joints, nail box, clock shelf, cross lap,
end lap, middle lap and dovetail lap-joint, frame, plain joint, bench
hook, drawing-board.
Eighth Year. — Owing to the fact that joinery was not introduced
into the lower grades till this year, the work of the seventh and
€ighth grades has been the same.
Ninth Year. — Through mortise and tenon, frame, blind mortise
and tenon, relished end mortised, slip mortise and tenon, keyed dove-
tail mortise, door joint, panel door, brace joint, frame, leg and rails,
stool, box, miter box, miter joint, picture frame, miter lap-joint, single
dovetail, through- end dovetail, box dovetailing.
Some of the above exercises are supplementary and are designed to
furnish employment for rapid workers, and to give those who need it
additional work along the lines in which the required model shows
weakness.
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 351
(6) CARVIKG.
Grammar Grades — Ninth Year, Girls. — Chip carving applied to
xulers, blotters, frames, keyboards, book-racks, inkstands, boxes, &c.
High School. — Preliminary exercises for relief carving, flat and
modeled relief applied to panels, frames, foot- stools, boxes, stands,
ohairs, study of different styles of ornament, enough practice in the
use of carpenters' tools to complete the objects, care of tools, stone,
slips, polishing.
Judging from the amount of extra time given to it by the pupils
out of school hours, the general condition of the work is healthy.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
Receipts.
Balance from last year $22 37
Amount raised by special tax 1,C00 00
Amount received from the State 1,000 00
Amount received from other sources
Overdrawn
Total $2,022 37
Expenditures.
Teachers' salaries $1,220 GO
Plant 287 41
Material 248 67
Rent
Incidentals 160 00
Balance June 30tb, 1895 106 29
Total $2,022 37
DRAWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Miss Mahon, Miss Hurlbut.
2. Special salary paid. — $220.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 287 ; females, 54.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson. — Thirty-five and forty-five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in xvhich subject is taught. — Seventh, eighth and ninth.
8. Amount expended during cxirrent year. — Plant, $25; material, $5C
salary. $220.
9. Total amount expended to date. — $1,173.04.
352 SCHOOL REPORT.
SEWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Miss Mahon.
2. Special salary paid. — None.
8. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, ; females, 219.
5. Number oj lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — Forty-five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in ivhich subject is taught. — Sixth, seventh, eighth ancf
ninth.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material, $10.16 p
salary,
9. Total amount expended to date. — $115.43.
WOOD-WORKING.
1. Name of teacher.— Miss Mahon.
2. Special salary paid. — $1,000.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught — Males, 271 ; females, 43.
5. Number of less07is per week given each class. — One and two.
6. Length of lesson. — Thirty-five and forty-five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in ivhich subject is taught. — Sixth to ninth and high
school.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $262.41 ; material, $181.01 ;
salary, $1,000.
9. Total amount expended to date. —
MODELING.
1. Name of teacher. — Miss Hurlbut.
2. Special salary paid. — None.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this ivork f —No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, ; females,
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. —
6. Length of lesson. —
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. —
8. — Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $7.50 ; material, ;
salary,
9. Total amount expended to date. — $14.50.
Respectfully submitted,
Vernon L. Davey,
Superintendent.
LA.NDI8 TOWNSHIP (VINELAND).
DRAWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Miss Millie E. Adams and Miss Alice R. Johnson.
2. Special salary paid. — $857.50.
3. 7s teacher engaged exclusively in this work f— Yes.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 400 ; females, 370.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class — One.
6. Length of lesson. — Fifteen to sixty minutes.
7. Grade or grades in ivhich subject is taught. — Fourth to twelfth.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $126.86 ; material, $436 03 ;
salary, $857.50.
9. Total amount expended to date. —
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 345
Oar courses of study in sewing, modeling, joinery, pattern- making,
3athe-work, machine-work, forging, tin-work, drawing, carving, cast-
ing, &c., are the same as reported last year.
Drawing. — This is commenced in the first grade and is continued
through all the eleven grades, and consists of free-hand sketching from
the object, working- drawings, geometric drawing, geometric and free-
hand design, scenic, orthographic and isometric projection, machine
•drawing, and some textile designing.
Modeling and Color work. — The theory of color, construction of
charts, colored designs, &c., geometric and related forms constructed
from clay, cardboard, manilla paper, &c., designs of colored sticks,
patterns for borders, walls, floors, &e., imitation of inlaid work, &c.,
original designs (and casts reproduced) out of clay, plaster, &c. This
"work is commenced in the first grade and ends in the eleventh.
Sewing. — Commenced in the second half of the first grade, with
/pricked sewing cards, sewing on muslin, &c. Commenced in the
third grade and continued through a course of plain sewing, some
fancy sewing, &c., up to the eleventh grade, inclusive, among the
girls. (We have four classes of boys in sewing.)
Joinery. — (Manual Training High School) twenty-nine exercises,
plain joints, &c.
Turning. — (Manual Training High School) about twenty exercises,
besides what comes in incidentally in the pattern- making.
Pattern- making. — Cylinders, cones, parts of machinery, &c., &c.
Carving. — Plain and ornamental forms, leaves, scrolls, &c. ; his-
toric ornaments, &c.
Machine- work. — Chipping, filing, scraping, fitting. From four
to nine exercises.
Forging and Cold Iron- work. — Drawing out, upsetting, welding,
shaping, &c. Twelve to fifteen exercises.
Tin-work. — About fifteen exercises — cone, prism, cylinder, frus-
tums, &c., related forms, pan, square and round, cup, funnel, elbows,
T-joints, &c., necessitating the use of the mandrel, swedger, creasing,
beak-horn and blow- horn stakes, hand- grooving tools, &c. This
•work is valuable for bringing into prominence geometric develop-
ments, sections, &c.
Throughout the whole course the working-drawing or design
must come before the construction ; and accuracy of measurement,
precision and neatness must be insisted upon.
The condition of manual training in our city is good, and its hold
upon the confidence and belief of our citizens continually grow
stronger.
Both people and teacher look upon it now as a fixed part of our
system. It is slowly but surely doing its work and producing its
results.
346 SCHOOL REPORT.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
Receipts.
Balance from last year $7,971 77
Amount raised by special tax 5,000 00
Amount received from the State 5,000 OQ
Amount received from other sources
Overdrawn
Total $17,971 77
Expenditures.
Teachers' salaries $2,925 00
Plant 1,176 52
Material 821 41
Rent , 714 29
Incidentals 1,201 53
Balance June 30th, 1895 11,133 02
Total $17,971 77
DRAWING,
1. iVame of teacher. — Myrtie E. Nye.
2. Special salary paid. — $725.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — Yes. ,
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 61 ; females, 80.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class — Five.
6. Length of lesson. — Forty-five minutes,
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Ninth, tenth and eleventh.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $106.91 ; material, $135,97 ;
salary, $725,
9. Total amount expended to date. — $5,260,28,
MODELING.
1. Name of teacher. — Regular class teachers,
2. Special salary paid. — None,
3. Is teacher engaged exchisively in this work ? — No,
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 4,498 ; females, 4,711.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson. — Forty-five minutes,
7. Grade or grades in jvhich subject is taught — First to eighth,
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $504 40 ; material, $465,46 :
salary
9. Total amount expended to date. — $3,413,08.
SEWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Regular class teachers.
2. Special salary paid. — None.
3. Is teachpr engagnl exclusively in this work? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 236; females, 2,660.
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 347
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — One hour.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Third to eleventh.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $332,27; material, $94.65 ;:
salary,
9. Total amount expended to date. — $1,759.95.
METAL-WORKING.
1. Name of teacher. — John Brown.
2. Special salary paid — $600.
3. 7s teacher engaged exclusively in this ivork ? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught — Males, 61 ; females,
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — Two and three.
6. Length of lesson. — Forty-five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Ninth, tenth and eleventh.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $54.64; material, $12.66 ;
salary, $600.
9. Total amount expended to date. — $5,967.55.
WOOD-WORKING.
1. Name of teacher. — John Brown.
2. Special salary paid. — $600.
3. 7s teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 61 ; females, 80.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — Two and three.
6. Length of lesson — Forty-five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Ninth, tenth and eleventh.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $178.30 ; material, $112.67 ;,
salary, $600.
9. Total amount expended to date. — $7,051.82.
Respectfully submitted,
Horatio Draper,
Supervisor.
CAELSTADT, BERGEN COUNTY.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — I have the honor to submit to you our fifth annual
report on manual training. It leaves little to be said by me that
has not been touched upon in former reports; besides, you have
carefully examined our work and have given us advice for re- organi-
zation.
The room in which our higher grades were instructed in manual
training was by no means an ideal one for the purpose, therefore the
board had a new room well equipped for the purpose during vacation^,
in which the classes will hereafter be instructed in wood-work,
carving and higher modeling.
Our board is not unmindful of the weight of responsibility which
rests upon us in fulfilling the intentions of the State Department m
348 SCHOOL REPORT.
this branch of training ; therefore, we have resolved to arrange and
«xtend our course in accordance with your recommendations.
After September 3d, 1895, all grades will take a full course in
modeling. Five grades will be instructed in joinery and carving
«nd girls in sewing. All instruction will be closely connected with
drawing, free-hand and mechanical.
I can assure you that the public appreciates our efforts and takes
:great interest in our work.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
Receipts.
Balance from last year...
Amount raised by special tax $600 00
Amount received from the State, September 15th, 1894 600 00
Amount received from other sources, June 30th, 1895
Overdrawn, June 30th, 1895.. 61 52
Total $1,261 52
Expenditures.
Teachers' salaries, nine months $919 62
Plant 31 78
Material 55 25
Bent, overdrawn or deficiency, June 30th, 1894 254 87
■Incidentals
balance June 30th, 1895
Total $1,261 52
We owe the teachers for manual training services, $107.50.
DRAWING.
1. Name of teacher. — M. Bamberger, Elizabeth L. Compton.
2. Special salary paid. — $182.50.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in thisivork? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 170 ; females, 117.
5. Nuynher of lessons per week given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson. — Forty-five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — All grades.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $20 32; material, $27.69 ;
salary, $182.50.
9. Total amount expended to date. — $1,111.34.
MODELING.
1. Name of teacher.— 'E\\z?ibeth L. Compton.
2. Special salary paid. — f 200.
8. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 138 ; females, 92.
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 355
MODELING.
1. Name of teacher. — Miss Millie E. Adams.
2. Special salary paid — (See drawing.)
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this ivork f — Yes.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 275; females, 260.
5. Number of lessons per iveek given each class.— One.
6. Length of lesson. — Fifteen to sixty minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — First, second, third, eleventh)
and twelfth.
8. Amount expended during current j/car.— Plant, ; materiaJp
; salary
9. Total amount expended to date. —
1. Name of teacher. — Regular class teacher.
2. Special salary paid. — None.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, ; females, 170.
5. Number of lessons per iveek given each class. — Two.
6. Nength of Ifssnn — Fifteen to forty-five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Sixth, seventh and eightb.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material, ....„,^;;
salary,
9. Total amount expended to date. —
WOOD AVORKCNG.
1. Name of teacher.— W\ss Millie E. Adams and Miss Alice R. Jobneom.
2. Special salary paid.— { See d rawing. )
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work? — Yes.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 90; females, 60.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class — One.
6. Length of lesson — Forty- five to sixty minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Ninth, tenth, eleventh andJ
twelfth.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material, ;;
salary,
9. Total amount expended to date. —
Respectfully submitted,
H. G. WiGHTMAN,
PrincipaL
MONTCLAIR.
To Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Daring the school year 1894-95, the Montclair schools have pro-
vided the same courses in manual training as for several years past.
The teachers in this department have been with us for several jears,
and with added experience their services have become more than evej
valuable. Manual training is given to all grades from the fourth to
the ninth, inclusive, but has not been extended into the high school'
except in the form of laboratory work. The work executed bj
23
354 SCHOOL REPORT.
pupils of grammar school age is imperfect, but the training is never-
theless extremely valuable.
Interest in the various forms of hand-work has not abated among
pupils and parents, nor is the educative value of such work less
esteemed by the teachers. There is a marked development in the
pupils of the power to do things, an increased physical and mental
self-mastery which, next to character-building, is the highest end in
education.
(For course of study, see Annual Report of State Superintendent
for 1893.)
FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
Receipts.
Balance from last year
Amount raised by special tax $3,000 00
Amount received from the State 3,000 00
Amount received from other sources
Overdrawn
Total $6,000 00
Expenditures.
Teachers' salaries $3,168 66
Plant 389 71
Material 692 C3
Rent 360 00
Incidentals
Balance June 30th, 1895 1,389 60
Total $6,000 00
DRAWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Mary J. Goffe.
2. Special salary paid. — $210.
3. Js teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — Yes.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 390; females, 380.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson. — Twenty-five to forty-five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Third to tenth.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material, ;
salary. $210.
9. Total amount expended to date. —
MODELING.
1 Name of teacher. — Merive Thompson.
2. Special salary paid. — $964.16.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — Yes.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 71 ; females, 63.
5 Number of lessons per week given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson. — One hour.
7. Grade or grades in which sxihject is taught. — Sixth.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $14.02; material, $207.32 ;
salary, $964.16.
9. Total amount expended to date. —
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 355
COOKI.s'G.
1. Name of teacher. — Merive Thompson.
"2. Special salary paid. — (See modeling.)
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this ivork? — Yes.
4. Number of pupils tavght. — Males, ... ; females, 59.
5. Number of lessons per iveek given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson. — One hour.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Eighth.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material,
salary,
9. Total amount expended to date. —
SEWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Class teachers.
2. Special salary paid. — None.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this ivork? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, ... ; females, 55.
5. Number of lessons per -week given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson. — One hour.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Seventh.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant ; material,
salary,".
9. Total amount expended to date. —
METAL WORKING.
1. Name of teacher. — Morgan E. Craft.
2. Special salary paid. — $550.50.
3. Is teacher engaged exchisively in this ivork? — Yes.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 60; females,
5. Number of lessons per iveek given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — Two hours.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Ninth.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $180.37 ; material.
$204.70 ; salary, $550.50.
9. Total amoxmt expended to date. —
WOOD-WORKING.
1. Name of teacher. — Amelia D. Sutton.
2. Special salary paid. — $1,444.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this luork f — Yes.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 128; females, 61.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson. — One hour.
7. Grade or grades in tvhich subject is taught. — Seventh, eighth and ninth.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $195.32; material,
$280.01; salary, $1,444.
9. Total amount expended to date. —
Respectfully submitted,
Randall Spaulding,
Superintendent.
356 SCHOOL REPORT.
ORANGE.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Sir — A few note3 upon the instruction in manual training in our
schools, in addition to the enclosed report, may be of interest. The
year has been a prosperous one. The interest has been well sustained
and the progress has been very satisfactory. The course is care-
fully graded, so that all pupils, from the first to the eleventh years,
inclusive, receive instruction in one or more branches in addition to
drawing. Instruction in drawing has been given to all pupils in all
grades, with the exception of a few in the graduating class of the high
school, who had completed the course.
The branches in the first five years are clay-modeling, sewing on
pricked card?, mat weaving, designing with colored papers, the mak-
ing of type forms from paper and drawing.
Instruction in sewing has been given to all the girls in the fifth^
sixth, seventh and ninth years. The course embraces eighteen plain
sewing and six embroidery models, with six models of garments. In
this, as in all the branches, special attention is given to accuracy^
neatness and system.
The girls of the tenth and eleventh years have been given weekly
lessons in cooking, an hour and a half in length of time. The course
has consisted of one hundred and fifty dishes, illustrating boiling,
stewing, baking, broiling, &c , and including soups, salads, bread,
cake, puddings and jellies. The chemistry of cooking was explained
in connection, and instruction given in regard, to the constituent ele-
ments of the body and of foods, and in the nutritive and economic
values of the latter.
The boys of the sixth grade received a series of twenty- five lessons
in slip- work. This is preparatory to the joinery and wood- carving,
which come later in the course. In the seventh year, twenty models
in joinery are the basis of the instruction. All the pupils of the
eighth grade, boys and girls, have been taught in wood carving.
Beyond the eighth grade, the boys have been given lessons in the
different joints, with application to models of sash and doors, and
cabinet-work of various kinds.
In drawing, the twelve type forms of " Prang's Use of Models " are
the basis of the instruction during the first two primary years.
Afterward, books are used up to the seventh year. Construction,
representation and decoration receive each a proportionate amount of
time. Mechanical drawing begins in the fifth year. Working-draw-
ings are made of the forms and models afterward constructed in
wood. All free-hand drawing is from the object. Historic orna-
ment is the basis of the decorative work. Designing with colored
paper in a carefully- graded course, in connection with the drawing, is
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 357
a prominent feature of the first five years. The modeling in clay of
twelve type forms, and of tiles with geometrical and natural forms, is
also used during the first five years, the instruction being given by
the class teachers, under the supervision of the special instructors.
The plan for the coming year anticipates beginning the subjects of
the advanced grades one year earlier in the course than at present.
The plant and material may be summarized as follows :
In drawing, sets of drawing tools, drawing-boards and tables,
geometric forms in wood, casts, color charts, books of references,
paper, pencils, erasers, pencil sharpeners and drawing- books in stock.
In modeling, clay tools, modeling-boards, enameled cloth covers,
crocks for clay, cabinets and clay in stock.
In sewing, scissors, needles, thimbles, cabinets and closets.
In cooking, gas range, with twelve gas stoves, cooking utensils of
■different kinds, dishes, moulding-table, ice chest, closets, cupboards,
tables, clock, settees, diagrams and charts, bottled results of food
analyses and a small amount of spices, &c., in stock.
In wood-working, the plant and material comprise assorted tools of
the best kind, knives for slip- work and for carving, benches, cabinets
and lumber on hand.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
Receipts.
Balance from last year
Amount raised by special tax $1,800 00
Amount received from the State 1,800 00
Amount received from other sources
Overdrawn 147 63
Total $3,747 63
Expe7iditures.
Teachers' salaries $1,940 00
Plant (including rent, $437.50, as requested on other paper) 690 55
Material 791 31
Rent
Incidentals 325 77
Balance June 30th, 1895
Total $3,747 63-
DRAWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Elizabeth A. Mellick.
2. Special salary paid. — $534.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this u'ork ? — Mainly.
4. Number of inipils taught. — Males, 1,338; females, 1,388.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — Thirty to sixty minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — All grades; mechanical, fifth
year to tenth year.
8. Amount expended during current ^mr.— Plant, $5.40; material, $327.82 ;
:salary, $534.
9. Total amount expended to date. —
358 SCHOOL REPORT.
MODELING.
1. Name of teacher. — Mary E. Habberton, Elizabeth A. Mellick and
regular class teachers.
2. Special salary paid. — None.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — 5lales, 1,31" ; females, 1,180.
5. Number of lessons per tveek given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — Twenty to thirty-five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — First to fourth.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material^
$265.94; salary,
9. Total amount expended to date. —
SEWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Mary E. Habberton.
2. Special salary paid. — $800.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, .... ; females, 267.
5. Number of lessons per tveek given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — Forty-five to sixty minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Fifth, sixth, seventh and
ninth.
8. Amount expended during current vear. — Plant, $6.10 ; material, $46.41 ;
salary, 1800.
9. Total amount expended to date. —
COOKING.
1. Name of teacher. — Mary E. Habberton.
2. Special salary paid. — $200.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, .... ; females, 32.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — One and a half hours.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Tenth and eleventh.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material, $46.99;
salary, $200.
9. Total amount expended to date. —
WOOD-WORKING.
1. Name of teacher. — S. E. Wardell.
2. Special salary paid. — $406.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this workf — Yes (three days in a week).
4. Number of pupils taught — Males, 160 ; females, 48.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — Forty-five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in xvhich subject is taught. — Sixth to twelfth.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material, $104.15;
salary, $406.
9. Total amount expended to date. —
Respectfully submitted,
U. W. CUTTS,
Superintendent.
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TR^^INING. 359
PASSAIC.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — I have the honor to forward to you herewith our
report on manual training, including financial statement, and care-
fully-prepared statement in relation (a) to plant and materials ; (6)
character and amount of work done, and (c) general condition of
manual training in the schools of this district.
PLANT AND MATERIALS.
The board of education owns the building in which manual
training exercises are conducted. It is a wood building containing
three rooms — with wash-rooms, cupboards, cabinets and closets — well
adapted to the purposes for which it has been set apart.
(a) The wood-workiog-room is 48' x 25' ; (6) the mechanical
drawing room is 25' x 25' ; (c) the school kitchen is 25' x 25'.
Water and gas have been brought in, and the building is heated
throughout with a good furnace. Its care-taking has been assigned
to a prudent janitor, who devotes all his time to it. The building
was plumbed and painted and put in good shape last year. It is
situated in Howe avenue, near the high school building, making it
very convenient for the high school pupils and . the pupils of the
three highest grammar grades, who are sent out to it at stated times.
The wood- working- room has beeu fitted up with ten Larsson im-
proved double benches, and one No. 5 Larsson improved bench for
the teacher.
Cabinets for stowing away the work of 200 pupils have been
placed about the room. There is a sink and conveniences for wash-
ing.
In addition to the benches above described, a wood lathe has been
put in, and the Bennett outfit for whittling and fret-saw work.
TOOL OUTFIT FOR JOINERY.
Twenty- one of each of the following : Back-saw, 10", Disston's No.
4 ; jack plane, No. 26, Bailey's patent; smoothing plane, No. 4,
Bailey's patent; hammer, Maydole's No. 12; mallet, No. 3, Ham-
macker, Schlemmer & Co.; firmer chisel, 1", Buck Bros., sharpened
and handled ; firmer chisel, J", Buck Bros , sharpened and handled ;
oil stone, 6"xl|", Washita, in case; auger bit, |", Kuesell Jen-
nings; auger bit, ^", Russell Jennings; brace. No. 13, Barber's
patent ; screw-driver. No. 77, Hammacker, Schlemmer & Co. ; try
:3«60 SCHOOL REPORT.
gquare, No. 12, Hammacker, Schlemmer & Co. ; sliding T-bevtl, No.
25, Hammacker, Schlemmer & Co.; marking gauge, No. 143 M.,
Hammacker, Schlemmer & Co. ; two- foot rule, No. 42, Hammacker,
Schlemmer & Co ; bench brush. No. 2, Hammacker, Schlemmer &
Co.; Etnc oiler, No. 1, Hammacker, Schlemmer & Co.; nail- set,
octagon, black, Hammacker, Schlemmer & Co. ; sloyd knife, Chand-
ler & Barber, Boston, Mass.
One of each of the following: Jointer, No. 30, Bailey's patent ;
rip-saw. No. 7, 22", Diseton'a patent; cross-cut saw. No. 7, 22",
Disston's patent; steel square. No. 8, Hammacker, Schlemmer &
Co.; set Russell Jennings' bits, ^" to 1", in box; set Morse's bit-
stock drills, ^j", I", ^1^" and ^^" ; 1 dozen handscrews. No. 13,
Bliss' patent; 1 pair cabinetmaker's clamps, Bliss' patent, maple,
open 2 feet ; spoke shave, No. 53, Hammacker, Schlemmer & Co. ;
pair of plyers, 18", Button's patent; wrench, No. 8, Coe's patent;
grindstone. No. 10, Hammacker, Schlemmer & Co. (mounted — iron
frame, 24" x 2^" thick).
TOOL OUTFIT FOR CARVING.
Twenty- one of each of the following: Carving tool — No. 1, f",
Addis' patent, handled and sharpened; No. 1, J", Addis' patent,
tiandled and sharpened ; No. 2, yw", Addis' patent, handled and
sharpened ; No. 3, j^"f Addis' patent, handled and sharpened ;
No. 5, ^", Addis' patent, handled and sharpened ; No. 3, j^", Addis'
patent, nandled and sharpened ; No. 11, j^", Addis' patent, handled
and sharpene] ; carvei'a mallet, 2|" face, hickory.
For general use in carving : Carving tools — 2 of No. 39, ^",
Addis' patent, handled and sharpened ; 3 of No. 1, y^g", Addis' patent,
bandied and sharpened ; 1 of No. 21, ^^^"j Addis' patent, handled
and sharpened ; 1 of No. 22, j^g^", Addis' patent, handled and
«harpened ; 1 of No. 23, ^", Addis' patent, handled and sharpened ;
1 of No. 29, h", Addis' patent, handled and sharpened ; 1 of No. 7,
^," Addis' patent, handled and sharpened ; 1 of No. 6, j^g", Addis'
patent, handled and sharpened ; 1 of No. 8, j^'', Addis' patent,
handled and sharpened ; 2 of No. 10, ^\j") -A-ddis' patent, handled
and sharpened; 1 of No. 11, ^^'j Addis' patent, handled and sharp-
ened; 1 of No. 13, Yw"y Addis' patent, handled and sharpened; 1 of
No 24, ^^g", Addis' patent, handled and sharpened; 1 of No. 24,
^", Addis' patent, handled and sharpened ; 1 of No. 27, yV") Addis'
patent, handled and sharpened ; 2 of No. 3, |", Addis' patent,
handled and sharpened ; 2 of No. 4, ^\", Addis' patent, handled and
sharpened ; 1 of No. 5, y'g ", Addis' patent, handled and sharpened ;
1 of No. 7, 3'j" Addis' patent, handled and sharpened ; an assort-
ment of oil-stone slips, in 5 pound box, Hammacker, Schlemmer
<fe Co.
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 361
FURNITURE AND TOOL OUTFIT FOR MECHANICAL DRAWING.
Twenty adjustable drawing-stands, oak top, 23" x 26", folding
arm, plain shelf, to fit drawer for tools ; 20 chairs ; 20 sets of instru-
ments, consisting of — 1 compass, 3|", with pen, pencil and needle-
(point, No. 900 ; 1 drawing pen, with point. No. 922 ; 1 box, with
leads, Nos. 830 to 931; 200 drawing-boards, 16" x 22", Milton,
Bradley & Co. ; 200 T-squares, No. 2,300 ; 20 rubber triangles,
30° X 60°, 8", No. 1,802; 20 rubber triangles, 45°, No. 1,804; 20
scales, 12", Milton, Bradley & Co. ; 1 curve, No. 4, Milton, Bradley
<& Co.; 1 curve. No. 19, Milton, Bradley & Co.; 1 curve. No. 16,
Milton, Bradley & Co.
OUTFIT FOR TURNING.
One foot- lathe, for wood. One of each of the following : Gouge,
1^", handled and sharpened, Hammacker, Schlemmer & Co. ; gouge,
I" handled and sharpened, Hammacker, Schlemmer & Co. ; chisel,
]^", handled and sharpened, Hammacker, Schlemmer & Co.;
chisel, I", handled and sharpened, Hammacker, Schlemmer & Co. ;
chisel, f ", handled and sharpened, Hammacker, Schlemmer & Co. ;
chisel, I", handled and sharpened, Hammacker, Schlemmer &
Co. ; " round nose," f ", handled and sharpened, Hammacker,
Schlemmer & Co. ; parting tool, |", handled and sharpened, Ham-
macker, Schlemmer & Co. ; pair of calipers, 5", Hammacker,
Schlemmer & Co. ; scale, 12", Hammacker, Schlemmer & Co.
MATERIALS USED.
We procured stock for joinery last year as follows, but it will last,
perhaps, another year : 25 board feet of whitewood, surfaced on both
sides to J" thickness ; 25 board feet of whitewood, surfaced to f "
thickness; 4,400 pieces pine, finished on four sides, 10"x2"x|";
500 pieces pine, finished on four sides, 12"x2|"xf"; 400 pieces
pine, finished on four sides, 9f" x 5 J" x 1^"; 4,220 pieces pine,
finished on four sides, 9|" x If" x |" ; 1,800 pieces pine, finished on
four sides, 18|"x3f"x^"; 300 pieces pine, finished on four sides,
18" X 2" X 2" ; 1,300 pieces pine, finished on four sides, 15" x 7" x 1 ";
1,800 pieces pine, finished on four sides, 1|" x If " x 9|".
FOR WHITTLING.
Two hundred and forty pieces pine,finishe'd on four sides, |" x |" x 8",
120 pieces pine, finished on four sides, |" x If" x 8" ; 60 pieces pine;
finished on four sides, f" x |" x 10"; 60 pieces pine, fiuished on four
sides, I" X I" X 6" ; 60 pieces pine, finished on four sides, I" x 2^" x 5|";
•SO pieces pine, finished on four sides, f " x §" x 5".
362 SCHOOL REPORT.
STOCK FOR CARVING.
Seventy-five pieces maple, surfaced and jointed, 5" x 5" x |" ; 150
pieces whitewood, surfaced and jointed, 5"x5"x|"; 660 pieces
whitewood, surfaced and jointed, 2"xl0"x|"; 270 pieces white-
wood, surfaced and jointed, 3|" x 10'^ x |" ; 75 pieces gumwood,
surfaced and jointed, 3V'x 10" f"; 150 pieces whitewood, surfacecj
and jointed, 2h" x 8" x |" ; 40 board feet gumwood, surfaced on
both sides, |" ; 40 board feet oak, surfaced on both sides, |" ; 25
board feet mahogany, surfaced on both sides, |" ; 25 board feet
mahogany, surfaced on both sides, |" ; 25 board feet mahogany,
surfaced on both sides, Ih" ; 25 board feet maple, surfaced on both
sides, ^" ; 60 board feet oak, surfaced on both sides, ^" ; 40 board
feet oak, surfaced on both sides, |".
STOCK FOR TURNING.
One hundred pieces pine in rough, 2" x 2" x 10"; 100 pieces
gum in rough, 2" x 2" x 10".
Note. — Nothing yet has been done in turning.
MATERIALS FOR DRAWING.
Two reams paper, 4 universal, demy, 15" x 20" ; 2 gross Dixon's-
pencils, M. H. ; 2 gross Dixon's pencils, H. ; 6 gross thumb tacks,
No. 2^677, xV' 5 ^ dozen pencil erasers, No. 3,416; 3 dozen ink
erasers, No. 3,440; 2 dozen bottles Higgins' ink (small, 25 cent bot-
tles) ; 4 boxes lead, for instruments, No. 3,371, H. H. H.
SCHOOL KITCHEN.
This room is 25' x 25'. It is fitted up, all complete, with station-
ary tables for 15 pupils, with range and boiler supplying hot water
as needed, sink and cupboard. It is supplied with charts (meat,
mutton, veal, beef, pork) ; and charts showing average composition of
food, and with the Boston School Kitchen Books.
The outfit in utensils is as follows : Fifteen small gas stoves, the
"Jewel;" 15 high stools, 6 chairs; 15 double boilers, small, tin;
1 wire broiler, small ; 15 coffee pots, 1 pint, planished tin ; 15 colanders ;
15 measuring cups, ^ pint, tin, divided in quarters ; 1 quart measure ;
1 cooky cutter; 15 egg-beaters, Dover; 2 dozen kitchen forks; 15
graters; 1 nutmeg grater; 1 griddle- iron, for No. 8 stove; 1 large
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 36$
kettle, granite, for No. 8 stove; 1 bread knife, Lamson's; 2 chopping
knives. No. 4; 12 kitchen knives; 15 vegetable knives; 2 bread
pans, tin ; 8 dish pans; 1 large frying pan; 15 brushes, 5 inches
long, wooden back; 2 chopping trays; 15 potato mashers, wire;:
15 small frying pans ; 1 dripping pan, iron ; 1 pot cleaner ; 2 sifters, tin^
small size, wire-sieve bottom, with crank ; 15 skimmers, small, tin ;;
2 large granite spoons ; 1 toasting fork ; 2 dozan tablespoons, tin f,
1 granite teakettle. No. 8 stove; 15 strainers, small size, tin; 1
saucepan, 4 qaarts, with cover, granite; 1 saucepan, 1 pint, with
cover, granite; 15 mixing bowls, 3 quarts, stoneware; 30 small
bowls, stoneware ; 1 pitcher, 2 quarts, stoneware ; 2 baking dishes,
1 quart; 15 meat boards, 9"xl2"; 2 pails, 8 quarts, paper; 5-
rolling pins, wood ; 2 nests wooden boxes; 2 lemon squeezers, glass;.
18 yards toweling; 18 yards crash toweling; 1 nest tin spice boxes;.
15 kneading boards, 16"x20"; 4 crocks, 1 gallon each, stone; 15
saucepans, |pint, granite; 18 round pans, 1 quart, 1" deep, granite;.
15 teapots, small siza; 2 dozen Ma^on jars, 1 pint; \ dozen Mason
jars, 1 quart ; 2 dozen jelly tumblers ; 1 ice cream freezer, 3 quarts,
White Mountain ; 1 pail, with cover, 8 gallons, galvanized ; 2 bread
boxes, tin ; 1 iron pan and basket (trying kettle) ; 1 Universal'
family scale ; 1 Bristol brick ; 1 board for same ; 1 hand basin,
paper, painted white ; 1 dust pan and brush ; 1 towel rack ; 1 hand
towel rack; 18 dish mops; 3 dozen dish cloths, Turkish ; 6 yarda
cheese cloth ; 1 yard white duck ; 5 yards crash, 30" wide ; 6 yards
hand toweling; 2 yards linoleum; 15 salt shakers; 15 pepper
shakers; 15 flour shakers, small size; \\ dozen cups and saucers;;
\\ dozen plates; \ dozen meat platters; ^ dozen vegetable dishes;
1 wooden box, for knives and forks ; 3 wooden buckets, 3 gallons,
with covers; 15 "Treatises on Food and Dietetics" — Dr. Pavy ; 15-
" Dietetic Value of Bread "— Goodfellow.
CHARACTER AND AMOUNT OF WORK DONE.
Let us indicate the character of the work done by referring to the'
first year's course in wood- working, drawing and cooking. I here-
with transcribe these courses from our revised manual :
COURSE IN MANUAL TRAINING— FIRST YEAR.
Firzt Term.
Wood one-eighth inch, two dimensions. Use of T-square, 30°, 45°, 60%
triangle, rule, compasses.
Drawing of plain figures, on paper and on wood ; these cut out with
bracket-saw and finished with knife.
364 SCHOOL REPORT.
ORDER OF WORK.
In Drawing. — (1) Measurements and a study of the rule; (2) horizontal
'lines ; (3) vertical lines ; (4) oblique lines ; (5) the square and forms derived
from it ; (6) perpendicular lines ; (7) the circle and forms derived from it ; (8)
the division of the circle into degrees ; (9) the triangle ; (10) the hexagon ;
(11) the ellipse; (12) forms combining straight and curved lines; (13) read-
ing drawings.
In Wood-tvorking. — (1) Sawing to a straight line; (2) outside cutting with
the knife ; (3) inside cutting with the knife.
REQUIRED AND SUPPLEMENTARY MODELS.
(1) Square; (2) octagon; (3) oblong; (4) triangle; (5) Greek cross; (6)
•St. Andrew's cross ; (7) Maltese cross ; (8) circle ; (9) quatrefoil ; (10)
trefoil; (11) rule; (12) pencil sharpener; (13) circular picture frame ; (14)
■thread winder; (15) fish-line winder; (16) hexagon; (17) star; (18) pro-
tractor; (19) calendar back; (20)45° triangle; 30°-60° triangle; (22) pic-
ture frames.
Second Term.
Wood seven-eighths inch thick. Two or more views of prisms, cylinders,
•cones and other forms drawn. The surface of such forms as the cube,
triangular, prism, hexagonal prism and square pyramid, developed and
■constructed in paper. The knife the only cutting tool used.
EXERCISES IN WOOD- WORKING.
(1) Notch-cutting; (2) chamfering; (3) squaring with try-square and
knife; (4) free whittling; (5) modeling curve-linear forms; (6) finishing
'with file and sandpaper; (7) construction of objects involving simple
joints.
SOME OF THE MODELS ARE
(1) Octagonal prism; (2) circular cylinder; (3) elliptical cylinder; (4)
■cone with circular base ; (6) wedge; (7) knife sharpener; (8) carving tool
handle; (9) paper knife; (10) hammer handle; (11) water-wheel; (12)
'windmill.
SCHOOL KITCHEN.
OUTLINE OF WOEK— FIRST YEAR.
I. Definitions : Meaning of domestic economy ; production and appli-
cation of heat.
Examination of coal stoves, gas stoves and Bunsen burner.
Study of different kinds of fuel, and different kinds of flame ; how
used and controlled, and the expenses of the same compared.
•Study of cooking utensils — the different kinds of material used —
which best, and why.
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 365
II. Cooking processes — how applied —
(1) By means of water ; (2) by means of hot iron; (3) by radiant
heat; (4) by deep fat frying.
III. Food elements— what they are, and how to study them —
(1) Albuminoids; (2) fats; (3) starches, sugars and gums; (4)
mineral substances.
IV. The making of light bread —
(1) By introducing air; (2) by introducing gas; (3) by intro-
ducing yeast.
Baking powders examined by experiment; tests made for
adulterations ; a baking powder made by the class.
(4) Mixing batters, biscuits and bread; cooking the same.
(5) A study of yeast — what it is, and why it makes bread light ;
the conditions determined most favorable for its growth.
V. Teas, coffees, cocoas, chocolates and other beverages made.
VI. A study of eggs —
(1) Compared with vegetables, fish and meat.
(2) Their composition ascertained.
(3) Different modes of cooking.
VII. By use of the charts —
(1) The position of certain " cuts " of meat ascertained.
(2) Reason for their being tender, or otherwise, discussed.
VIII. Soupmaking; roasting and broiling, as applied (1) to beef, veal;,
pork, mutton, &c. ; (2) to poultry and game,
IX. The various ways of preparing fish, clams and oysters.
X. Gelatine is studied, and certain dainty dishes prepared from it.
XI. Cake making; cool, refreshing drinks, ice cream, sherbet.
Time is an important factor in determining the merits of the
manual training enterprise in connection with the public school. In
September, 1894, ten classes were enrolled in joinery and mechanical
drawing — 117 boys and 83 girls — 200 in all. At the opening of
the spring term, in February, a few were crowded out on account of
the new programme of recitations in the high school ; but their
places were filled, very nearly, by the incoming third grammar grade.
So that for the second half-year there were 116 boys and 64 girls —
180 in all.
In arranging the classes for the second half-year, I had occasion to
observe that the young people were in no mood to give up the work.
Such remarks as the following were heard : " I wish to take advant-
age of a good thing while I can." " Oh, no ! I do not want to give
up joinery and mechanical drawing."
366 SCHOOL REPORT.
When the question would be put : " Do you take cooking?" The
answer would be, " Yes, sir ; but I wish to take both."
I have frequented the workshop and the kitchen and noted the
good behavior and industry of the classes. The work is done in a
methodical manner ; there is reference to " blue-prints," and to the
pupils' own drawing. The thing indicated by the working plan is
expressed, as well as the worker can do it, in the object made. So
our pupils are doing, in a small way, just what is being done in the
great world about them in a large way.
The architect and the designer are now leading the industrious
hosts. Hence the importance of the work of mechanical drawing,
as well ag of the work at the bench.
There is maintained continuity in the order of making ; one thing
leads to another. This, in a three years' course, now ordered by the
board of education, may lead to many neat and intricate pieces of
work.
At the expense of seeming tedious, but with intent to show the
practical nature of the teaching, and the attention given to it by the
pupils in the school kitchen, I will here transcribe from five pupils'
exercise books, certain directions :
" BREAD MAKING.
" [Cornelia L.)
" Ingredients : Flour, yeast, salt, wetting, may be milk or water.
" Shortening.— General result better with than without shortening ; but the
bread not so white.
" Color. — Bread is whiter when mixed with water than when mixed with
milk.
'"Sugar. — Sugar is not used to make the bread sweet, but to take the
place of that which is lost in fermentation.
" The sponge. — Dissolve yeast in tepid liquid. If using shortening and
sugar, dissolve first in the hot water or milk. Mix in the liquid a little
more than equal quantity of flour. Beat until very smooth and foamy ;
then set in a warm place till it rises to double its bulk ; then knead till stiff
enough to spring back when doubled. Let it rise again to double its bulk ;
then shape into loaves and leave until light enough to bake. Bake for fifty
or sixty minutes."
"light omelet.
" [Bessie S.)
"Two eggs; beat yolks and whites separately, very thoroughly. Allow
one tablespoonful of water to each egg ; salt to taste ; mix yolks with
whites; have omelet pan warm; put in a little butter; place in pan on
front of stove till brow a on bottom. Then put the pan, covered, into the
oven till eggs are cooked; fold one-half on the other and turn on a warm
platter."
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 367
VEAL FRICASSEE.
[Minnie.)
"Get parts of ribs, neck and knuckle — all may be utilized.
" Cut two pounds of meat into small pieces and remove all fine bones
and fry meat in fat saltpork or butter, after dredging it with flour.
"Tlien put it into the stew-pan and cover well with boiling water and let
it boil hard for five minutes, after that let it simmer until tender.
" Put in two small onions ; two teaspoonfuls of salt, and one-half tea-
spoonful of pepper. Fifteen minutes before serving, put in the dumplings."
MUFFINS.
" [Florence D.)
"Two cups of flour, two teaspoonfuls of baking powder, two eggs, quarter
-cup butter, three-quarters cup of milk.
" General Rule. — Mix dry ingredients together, soften butter by rubbing or
by heat, beat eggs separately, then whip yolks into whites.
" When all ready drop butter into flour, the eggs on butter, then pour in
milk. Stir all together vigorously, and cook about twenty minutes."
" MEATS.
" [Belle.)
" Tough meats are to be placed in such condition that they may slowly
■absorb moisture, and be a long time in cooking.
" Tender meats (steaks) may be cooked by intense heat. The tenderest
meat is required for broiling.
"Also, for roast, meats must be tender. The heat does not require to be
so intense as for broiling.
"The process is slower, and, of course, a longer time is required.
"Soupmaking. — We must put meat in cold water to draw out the juices.
"In boiling meat we plunge it into boiling water to keep the juices in.
"After the first fifteen minutes keep the water merely at boiling point."
These receipts could be obtained from books — cook-books ; but
there is more done in the school kitchen than merely copying receipts
into their note- books. There is the orderly preparation for work —
<ind the work. And there is the orderly finishing up of the work,
leaving everything in its place, as it was found. There are, also, the
many wholesome instructions and cautions on the part of the teacher
not found in the " note-books," but leaving an indelible impression
on the mind. This branch of our manual training work was much
visited last year ; indeed, all departments were much visited. There
was much praise for the work done here. Parents say their children
come home full of enthusiasm for the work. Going to the kitchen
they essay at once to put in practice what they have learned of
domestic science in the school.
368 SCHOOL REPORT.
The object of manual training is to place the pupil a3 much in
touch with his environments in relation to the working world, at the
close of school life, as hitherto he has been favorably placed in rela-
tion to clerical aflPairs. His reading, spelling, writing, mathematics
and knowledge of accounts, &c., have prepared him for clerkships
and the professions. In manual training we shall find an intensify-
ing of these preparations, and withal a clearer view of industrial
pursuits and of our relations to them.
The "plant "and the work in our manual training school com-
mand respect. It is to be regretted that the exercises, instead of
coming once a week, cannot come every day.
FIKAN'CIAL STATEMENT.
Receipts.
*Balance from last year $98 34
Amount raised by special tax 1,000 00
Amount received from the State 1,000 00
Amount received from other sources
Overdrawn
Total $2,098 34-
Expenditures.
Teachers' salaries $1,324 52
Plant 579 36
Material 184 S&
Rent
Incidentals
Balance June 30th, 1895 9 57
Total $2,098 34
DRAWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Miss Ida F. Couch,
2. Special salary paid. — $659.94.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work 9 — Yes.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 120 ; females, 80.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class.— One.
6. Length of lesson — One hour.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — High school and three
grammar grades.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant (this includes all depart-
ments), $583.19 ; material, $100; salaVy, $659.94.
9. Total amount expended to date. — $4,390.42.
•The above-reported balance from preceding year, 898.34, is the balance on the Secretary's-
books, of the board. This sum was covered back into the city treasury at the close of the city'*
fiscal year, July 1st, 1894.
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 369
COOKING.
1. Name of teacher. — Miss F. Jeanette Dorland.
2. Special salary paid. — $319.33.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this tvork? — Yes.
4. Number of pupils taught — Males, ; females, 120.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson — One and one-half hours.
7. Grade or grades in ivhich subject is taught. — High school and two gram-
mar grades.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material, $126.80 ;
salary, 1319.33.
9. Total amount expended to date. —
WOOD WORKING.
1. Name of teacher. — Miss Ida F Couch.
2. Special salary paid. — (See above.)
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work f — Yes.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 120; females, 80.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One ; carving, three.
6. Length of lesson. — One hour; carving, three and a half hours.
7. Grade or grades in ivhich subject is taught.— High school and three gram-
mar grades.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material, ;
salary,
9. Total amount expended to date. —
Respectfully submitted,
H. H. HUTTON,
Superintendent.
PATEKSON.
To Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — I herewith transmit a written statement giving a
description of (a) plant and material ; (6) character and amount of
work done ; (c) general condition of manual training in the schools
of this city.
(a) Plant. — The plant in our wood-shop is as follows : Fifteen
double benches, 30 1-inch chisels, 30 ^ inch chisels, 30 | inch chisels,
30 cross-cut saws, 30 back-saws, 30 rip saws, 30 try-squares, 30
hammers, 30 marking- gauges, 30 jack-planes, 30 smoothing-planes,
30 rules, 15 sliding T- bevels, 15 braces, 30 auger bits, 3 lathes for
wood-turning, 3 sets of wood-turning tools, 50 carving tools, 1 emery
wheel, 1 mortise machine, 15 screw-drivers ; 30 hand screws, 1 stove,
3 cabinets for holding work. The material on hand consists of a
quantity of material of different kinds of wood suitable for the
different lessons.
(6) Character and Amount of Work Done. — The pupils of Jthe
sixth, seventh and eighth grades of the elementary schools receive
instruction in joinery, commencing with the ecd-lap joint and finish-
24
370 SCHOOL REPORT.
ing with the blind dovetail joint. The following is a sketch of the
order and series of the lessons in joinery: end-lap joint, cross-lap
joint, slip mortise and tenon, through mortise and tenon, blind mor-
tise and tenon, end mortise and tenon, miter lap-joint, butt and miter
joint, miter frame, tusk and tenon joint, dowel joint, half-blind
dowel joint, door frame and panel, leg and rails, brace joint, scarf
joint, half-lap dovetail, half-blind dovetail, through-end dovetail,
'half-blind end tail, box dovetailing, blind dovetailing. These classes
have also special lessons in chiseling, sawing and planing.
The high school pupils receive instruction in carving and wood-
turning, commencing (I) with panels in stamped or flat carving, and
continuing with (2) intaglio carving; (3) carving in the round ; (4)
under cut-work, and (5) chip carving. In wood-turning a great
variety of work is taught, including balusters, table legs, boxes, cups,
saucers, goblets, gavels, corner blocks, &c.
(c) General Condition of Manual Training in the District. — It
will be seen from the above report that manual training, as defined
in the directions for making out this report, is confined to drawing
and working in wood. Of modeling and sewing, we have prac-
\tically none ; of metal- working, none.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
Receipts.
Balance from last year $351 79
Amount raised by special tax 1,000 00
Amount received from the State 1,000 00
Amount received from other sources 10 80
Overdrawn
Total $2,362 59
Expenditures.
Teachers' salaries $999 96
Plant (Janitor's salary) 96 00
Material 32 96
Rent 360 00
incidentals
Balance June 30th, 1895 873 67
Total $2,362 59
DRAWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Edwin D. Hilton.
2. Special salary paid. — (See Wood- working.)
3. Is teacher engaged, exclusively in this luork ? — Yes.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 300; females, ..
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — One-half hour.
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 371
7. Grade or grades in tvhich subject is taught. — Sixth, seventh and eighth,
and all high school grades.
8. Amoiont expended during current year. — Plant, ; material, ;
salary,
9. Total amount expended to date. —
WOOD WORKING.
1. Nayne of teacher. — Edwin D. Hilton.
2. Special salary paid. — $1,095 96.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — Yes.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 300; females
5. Number of lessons per iceek given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson. — Forty-five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in ivhich subject is taught. — Sixth, seventh, eighth and
all high school grades.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $360; material, $32.96;
salary, $1,095.96.
9. Total amount expended to date. —
Respectfully submitted,
J. A. Eeinhaet,
Superintendent.
BED BA.KE:.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — For several years our schools have used " White's
Course in Industrial Drawing," supplemented by special work in
mechanical and free-hand drawing in the tenth and eleventh grades.
In order to obtain the benefit of the State appropriation for manual
training, we have this year added to our course sewing in all grades,
from the fifth to the eleventh, inclusive; wood-carving in the eighth
to eleventh grades, inclusive, and knife work and joinery in fifth and
€leventh grades, inclusive.
Owing to delay in receiving our benches and tools, the work was
not well begun till November; but was, we think, a success for the
balance of the year. Many pupils were so enthusiastic that much
time out of regular hours was spent in the manufacture of useful
articles, as well as in perfecting the models of the regular course.
The advantage of the sewing course was shown by the fact through-
out, by the first lessons given, that many of the older girls had
never learned to use a needle.
Our plant for wood-working consists of a large basement-room
filled with closets and provided with ten double benches, with lockers
and a set of thirty joiners' tools for each bench, besides a grindstone
and all necessary tools for general use.
Our carving outfit cocsists of ten sets of fifteen tools of the best
quality, each set kept in a neat case made by the pupils.
For sewing we have the necessary supply of needles, thimbles,
scissors, &c., a set for each pupil, kept in individual bags made in
echool, and when not in use stored in closets built for the purpose.
372 SCHOOL REPORT.
The instruction in sewing is given in the class-room by the regular
teachers.
The wood-working is done in the room specially fitted up for the
purpose, and its character can be judged from the following outline:
Joinery. — The exercises are arranged in groups of five or six each,
with supplementary exercises, involving no new principles, but
designed to furnish employment for rapid workers and those who
need additional practice in that particular group. The method of
study is as follows: Study of blue- print, study of model- working,
drawing or laying out of work, practice in making the models.
GROUP I.
Talks on the tools used, naming of parts and practice; saws, rule, knife,,
try square, gauge and augur-bit ; gauging with the grain, across the grain
of wood, squaring, sawing to a pencil line, to a knife line, across the grain
and with the grain of wood ; boring through the grain and with the grain
of wood, using different sized bits.
GROUP II.
Chisels, grindstone, oilstones, oil ; paring across the grain to a given
depth; paring obliquely with the grain; square and long pyramids;
sharpening chisel.
GROUP III.
Different kinds of planes, naming parts, taking apart and putting to-
gether and how to sharpen and set; surfacing, testing, squaring; planing^
to a given depth ; thumb-gauging, chamfering, block-planing.
GROUP IV.
Forms of joints, groove joint, nail box, setting nails, ledge joint, dado
joint, clock shelf, tray.
GROUP V.
Cross lap-joint, end lap-joint, frame; middle lap-joint, dovetail lap-joint»
Strain.
GROUP VI.
Planing a board out of mind, jointing, planing to a given thickness;
bench hook, straight-edge ; drawing-board, T-square.
GROUP VII.
Mortise and tenon joint, through mortise and tenon joint, frame, blind
mortise and tenon joint, relished end mortised, slip mortise and tenon,^
keyed dovetail mortise, door joint, panel door.
GROUP VIII.
Brace joint, brace frame, leg and rails, stool ; use of brace.
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 373
GROUP IX.
Butt joint, box, use of shellac, nail driving, settings, clinching, box with
beveled cover, mineral cabinet.
GROUP X.
Miter joint, miter-box, picture frame, miter lap-joint, tool chest.
GROUP XI.
Single dovetail, half-blind dovetail, through-end dovetail, box dovetailing.
Knife-work. — How trees grov«^. Different kinds of wood. The
grain of the wood. T-square, 45° triangle, 30°-60° triargle, com-
pass, special knife, measurements and study of rule. Wood \ of an
inch in thickness. Cut square and geometric forms derived trom it.
The circle and forms derived from it. The triangle and forms derived
from it. The hexagon, the ellipse, the ovoid and forms combining
straight and curved lines. Joints, jointed box, sled, stairs, fastening
of wood together with glue and chip carving on wood J of an inch
thick.
Carving. — Exercises with gouges, vertical, horizontal, curved, with
chisel, liners, bent tools, right and left, stamp. Carving applied to
blotters, frames, boxes, keyboard, paper knives, screen, panels, <fec.
Oreek borders, historic ornament. Flat relief and modeled relief
carving. Use and care of tools, oilstones, slips, and practice in finish-
ing with oil, shellac, beeswax.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
Receipts.
Balance from last year
Amount raised by special tax $500 00
Amount received from the State 750 00
Amount received from other sources. 250 00
Overdrawn
Total $1,500 00
Expenditures.
Teachers' salaries $600 00
Plant 725 18
Material 165 90
Kent
Incidentals
Balance, June 30th, 1895 8 92
Total $1,500 00
374 SCHOOL REPORT.
DRAWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Katherine McKernan.
2. Special salary paid — (See Wood-working.)
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this workf—l^o.
4 Number of pupils taught. — Males, 41 ; females, 55.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson. — Forty minutes.
7. Grade or grades in tvhich subject is taught. — Eighth and ninth.
8. Amount expended ditring current year. — Plant, ; material,
salary
9. Total amount expended to date. —
SEWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Class teachers.
2. Special salary paid. — None.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work. — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, ; females, 180.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — Forty minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught — Fifth to eleventh.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material,
salary,
9. Total amount expended to date. —
WOOD-WORKING.
1. Name of teacher. — Katherine McKernan,
2. Special salary paid. — $600.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this ivorkf — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 184; females, 15.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class.— One.
6. Length of lesson. — Forty minutes
7. Grade or grades in ivhich subject is taught. — Fifth to eleventh.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $725.18 ; material, $165.90 ;
salary, $600.
9. Total amount expended to doie.— $1,491.08.
Respectfully submitted,
Richard Case,
Principal.
RIDGEWOOD, BERGEN COUNTY.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent:
Dear Sir — I have the honor to report the condition of manual
training in the Ridgewood school, as follows :
Plant and Material — Material for drawing consists of sixty
drawing boards, T- squares, and sets of triangles, compasses, pencils,
erasers, rulers, manilla and white drawing-paper, tracing-paper,
models and objects.
Material for modeling consists of fine clay, stone crocks, oilcloth
and slate covers for desks, models, moulding- boards, and cloths for
keeping work damp.
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 375
Material for sewing consists of muslin, canvas, thread, worsted^
scissors, needles, thimbles, bags for work, boxes and cIo3et.
Material for wood- work consists of:
(a) Whitewood tops for regular desks, pads of drawing-paper, com-
passes, T-squares, triangles, pencils, rules, knives and ba38wood.
(6) Pine tops for school desks, clamps, pegs, wedges for same, Addis'^
carving tools of different styles, sufficient for thirty or more pupils,
files, rasps, sandpaper, mallets, whitewood, bass, cherry, walnut,
oak, &c.
(c) Cabinet- benches, planes, saws, chisels, pquares, dividers, rules,
gauges, bevels, knives, hammers, braces, bits, clamps, grindstone,
miter, pine wood.
Character and Amount of Work Done, — Drawing consists of free-
hand model and object, instrumental geometric, working, architectural
and decorative.
Clay- modeling is given in the following order of types, with forms
based upon them : Circle square, circle on square, ellipse, oblong,
ellipse on oblong, ellipse on circle, equilateral triangle, isosceles tri-
angle, hemisphere, half cylinder, half cone, half double cone, half
ellipsoid, vase form, fruit, rosette, winged globe, Egyptian pylon,
Doric capital, Greek lily, Roman arch, Greek echinus.
The work in sewing is a four years' course similar to that which is
pursued in Brookline, Mass., and outlined in a publication of D. C»
Heath & Co.
Wood- work begins in the sixth grade, using I" basswood. Chil-
dren learn to draw and cut out such forms as the square, octagon,,
oblong, triangle, Greek, St. Andrew's and Maltese crosses, circles,
quatrefoil, trefoil, hexagon, star, picture frames, calendar backs, &c.
This is followed by exercises in fastening pieces of wood together
with glue and brads to make butt, dovetail and miter joints, frames,
boxes, brackets, easels, &c. The seventh and eighth grades do carv-
ing, and the ninth and tenth the usual exercises in joinery.
General Condition. — We are still hampered by want of sufficient
room, but our new school building is now nearly complete and has
abundant provision for manual training.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
Receipts.
Balance from last year $635 8l)
Amount raised by special tax 600 00
Amount received from the State 600 00
Amount received from other sources
Overdrawn
Total $1,835 80
376 SCHOOL REPORT.
Expenditures.
Teaches' salaries $800 00
Plant
Material - 204 89
Rent
Incidentals
Balance. June 30th, 1895 830 91
Total $1,835 80
DRAWING.
1. Name of teacher. — B. C. Wonster and assistants.
2. Special salary paid. — (See Wood-working )
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work f — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 134; females, 155.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson — Thirty minutes.
7. Grade or grada in which subject is taught. — First to tenth.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material, $65.42 ;
salary
9. Total amount expended to <ia<e.— $548.90.
MODELIl^G.
1. Name of teacher. — Sadie Hughes and Maggie Vreeland.
2. Special salary 'paid. — $50 each.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this tvork ? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 121 ; females, 117.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — Sixty minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — First to sixth.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material, $2 90;
salary, $100.
9. Total amount expended to date. — $544.50.
SEWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Miss Sadie Denison, Miss C. V. Pierson.
2. Special salary paid. — $200.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this ivork ? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught . — Males, ; females, 115.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — Sixty minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Fourth to eighth.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $41.34; material, ;
salary. $200.
9. Total amount expended to date. — $742.46.
WOOD-WORKING.
1. Name of teacher. — B. C. Wooster, Miss Maggie Vreeland.
2. Special salary paid. — $.500.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this xvork f — No.
4. Number of pupils taught — Males, 101 ; females, 15.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — Two.
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 377
6. Length of lesson. — Sixty minutes.
7. Grade or grades in ivhich subject is taught. — Sixth to tentli,
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material, $95.23;
salarv, $500.
9. Total amount expended to date.—$2fi9B.2o.
Respectfully submitted,
B. C. WOOSTER,
Principal.
SADDLE RIVER TOWNSHIP, BERGEN COUNTY.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
■ Dear Sir — I herewith submit a statement of mauual training in
the public school of Garfield, District No. 42, in the county of Bergen,
for the year ending June 30th, 1895. Most of the patrons of the
Oarfield school are mechanics, or earn their livelihood through the
trades, and consequently manual training continues to grow in favor
with them. Perhaps the majority of the citizens in this community
look at and judge manual training from the ulitarian standpoint
alone, but its educational importance is coming to be better understood.
Some changes are being made this year in line with the report of the
" Committee of Fifteen." We are also indebted for some excellent
points to the report of the National Educational Association for 1894.
We feel that manual training is no longer in its experimental stages
in this district, but that it has become a permanent branch in our
curiculum.
Wood- working. — Banches for sixteen pupils and sixteen sets of
tools for same ; each set contains two firmer chisels, one try square,
level, marking gauge, claw-hammer, one twelve-inch back saw, special
rule, screw-driver, two bits, plane, bench hook and dividers. The
woods used are white pine, maple, white wood, cherry, mahogany,
walnut and rosewood.
Drawing. — Fifteen adjustable drawing desks, drawing boards, T-
equares, sets of triangles, 30°, 45°, 60°, for same. Each desk is
furnished with a set of Kenfer & Esser's drawing tools. All patterns
and working- drawings are completed in blue print before pupils work
out object from same. A special teacher has charge of this depart-
ment for the ensuing year. The work in modeling and sewing
continues as previously reported.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
Receipts.
Balance from last year $482 46
Amount raised by special tax 500 00
Amount received from the State 500 00
Amount received from other sources
Overdrawn
Total $1,432 46
378 SCHOOL REPORT.
Expenditures.
Teachers' salaries $1,025 OO
Plant
Material 55 2&
Rent
Incidentals — Equipment 165 75
Balance June 30tb, 1895 236 4S
Total $1,482 46-
DRAWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Miss Cecelia Lambert.
2. Special salary paid. — $450.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — 5lales, 55; females, 60.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson. — Thirty minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Seventh and eighth, and two-
lowest high school grades.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $123.75 ; material, $32 ;
salary, 1450.
9. Total amount expended to date. —
MODELING.
1. Name of teacher. — Miss Cecelia Lambert.
2. Special salary paid. — (See Drawing.)
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work f — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 55; females, 60,
5. Number of lessons per xveek given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — Thirty minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. —
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material, ;
salary,
9. Total amount expended to date. —
SEWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Class teachers.
2. Special salarg paid. — None.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this tvork f — No.
4. Number of pupils taught — Males, ; females, 80.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class.— One.
6. Length of lesson. — Thirty minutes.
7. Grade or grades in rvhich subject is taught.— ^rsunmsiT grades.
8. Amount expended during cicrrent year. — Plant, ; material,
salary, .
9. Total amount expended to date. —
MODELING.
1. Name of teacher. — E. Shafto.
2. Special salary paid. — $575.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — No.
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 37^
4. Number of "pupils taught. — Males, 48 ; females,
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson. — Forty- five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Grammar.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $42; material, $23.28;;
salary, $575.
9. Total amount expended to date. —
Respectfully submitted,
E. Shafto,
Principal.
SOUTH ORAKQE, ESSEX COUNTY.
To Addison B. Poland^ State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — In compliance with your request, the following writ-
ten statement is prepared to accompany the statistical report od
manual training in the schools of South Orange, for the year 1894-5 ::
DRAWING.
The plant and material in drawing consists of three long drawiog
tables, geometrical models for each grade, about a dozen plaster caste,.
and three closets for drawing implements and material, besides a set
of thirty-six of each of the following: drawing-boards, 18"x24"^,
with cases for the same ; T-squares, 45° triangles, 30° triangles, 60°'
triangles, thumb-tacks, practice- paper, drawing-paper, 10''xl2";
drawing-paper, 18"x24"; pencils, erasers, rulers, India ink, blue-
print paper, dividers, drawing pens.
The work under this heading pertaining to manual training begins
in the fifth grade with elementary mechanical drawing for working-
drawings in knife- work, and extends through all the remaining grades
of the grammar course and through the four years of the high school.
In the sixth grade, its character is determined by the elementary work
done in carpentry, and as both girls and boys take the shop- work in
this grade, the course is the same for both sexes. In the seventh and
eighth grades, as the shop- work for the boys is joinery and for the
girls is sewing, both mechanical and free-hand drawing are cultivated,,
the former furnishing the plans and outlines for the carpentry and
the latter, designs for embroidery and ornamental sewing. In the
high school the drawing is both mechanical and free hand, determined
by the character of the carving and advanced joinery work reserved
for these grades.
It is difficult to state the exact amount of work done in each grade
since it varies so widely. Some pupils spend little more than the
required time in the drawing, while others do many times as much as
the minimum requirement. The co-ordination of the drawing with
the other manual training subjects begets an interest and enthusiasm
in most pupils for the subject which often has to be repressed rather
than urged forward.
380 SCHOOL REPORT.
MODELIKG.
Besides two modeling tables, 3' x 12', 500 pounds of modeling clay,
5 crocks, 24 yards of oilcloth and 10 plaster casts, the equipment
consists of the following implements and utensils for each pupil, to
accommodate a class of 35 or 40 pupils : chairs, boxwood modeling
tools, trays, rulers, towels and lockers.
The work consisted of (a) the modeling of geometric forms, (6)
modeling from casts, (c) modeling from objects. About twelve differ-
ent classes of objects weie finished by each pupil during the year.
Seiving. — There were provided for the use of this department, two
chestnut tables, 12' by 3', a sufficient amount of material for the largest
classes, consisting of spools of thread, darning cotton, unbleached
muslin, white muslin, blue cashmere, flannel, white cambric, &c.
The simpler fundamental processes were taught, such as overhand-
ing, running stitching, hemming, overcasting, binding, and, in the
advanced grades, some attention was paid to embroidery and orna-
mental sewing.
Besides the above processes taught, with material brought from
home, each pupil was instructed in the making of a part or the whole
of some simple garment involving the practical application of the
principles and separate processes learned.
Wood working. — In joinery we have the following equipment :
A closet having 67 lockers, 9" by 9", for joinery work, compart-
ment cases for carving boards, grindstone, 18 benches, 5' by 1' 6,"
-each equipped with these tools ; rip saw, cross-cut saw, back-saw,
compass saw, smoothing plane, jack plane, block plane, chisels, ^", h",
f" ; bits, f", ■^" ; screw-driver, straight compass, set- screw compass,
level square, try square, awls, gouge, hammer, oilstones, oilcan,
bench duster, bench hooks and ruler.
In wood- carving the same benches and a portion of the equipment
of the joinery are used. Besides this, we have cases for students'
work, clamps, mallets, bench chisels, parting tools, gauges, carving
tools Nos. 3, 4, 5, 7, 9. The material consists of the finest selected
woods, such as pine, whitewood, oak, cherry, mahogany, black walnut,
maple, bay wood, &c. Varnishes, oils, paints, stain, shellac and waxed
finish are also supplied.
In wood-working, from fifteen to twenty-five pieces are required of
each pupil during the year, and in carving no more than five or six
can be completed in the allotted time. Qaality rather than quantity
in this work is made the standard.
Along each line of manual training work there has been, all the
year, unquestioned interest and love of the work on the part of the
pupils, and the parents, too, are to all appearances thoroughly con-
vinced of the practical value of manual training. Public sentiment
seems to demand even a further experience of this line of training,
MAISUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING.^' 381
and, to meet this demand, the board of education have succeeded in
saving out of the appropriation ot this year about $500, which is
to be spent next year in the equipment of a department of cooking.
It is to be hoped that this new departure will be as popular as the
other branches have been.
During the past year two of the three schools of the township^have
gotten no benefit from the manual training fund, except through
pupils sent to the high school. The law uniting the school districts
of the township went into effect too late last year to allow an oppor-
tunity to remedy this matter, and afford opportunities in manual
training to the pupils of the Maplewood and Hilton districts, similar
to those afforded for a number of years to the pupils in South Orange.
Measures will undoubtedly be taken to extend these advantages to all
the schools in the township at the beginning of the year ] 895-96.
The financial statement of the year is herewith appended :
FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
Receipts.
Balance from last year |0 89
Amount raised by special tax 1,000 00
Amount received from State 1,000 00
Total $2,000 89
Expenditures.
Teachers' salaries $804 00
Plant 357 64
Material 298 08
Balance, June 30th, 1895 541 17
Total $2,000 89
DRAWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Jeanette M. Palen.
2. Special salary paid. — $300.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — Yes.
4. Number of pupils taught — Males, 163; females, 147.
5. Number of kssons per iveek given each class. — Two.
6. Length of lesson — Forty-five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth
and high school.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $81.42; material, $90.60;
salary, $300.
9. Total amount expended to date. — $1,972 02.
MODELING.
1. Name of teacher. — Jeanette M. Palen.
2. Special salary paid — $102.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — Yes.
382 SCHOOL REPORT.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 71 ; females,
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson.— Forty-five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in xvhich subject is taught. — Fourth and fifth.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $81.42; material, $8.20;
salary, $102.
9. Total amount expended to date. — $1,091.62.
SEWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Jeanette M Palen.
2. Special salary paid. — $102.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this ^uork ? — Yes.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, ; females, 197.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — Forty-five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in tvhich subject is taught. — Fourth, fifth, sixth and
seventh.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $82.29 ; material, $31.54 ;
salary, $102.
9. Total amount expended to date. — $715.83.
WOOD-WORKING.
1. Name of teacher. — Jeanette M. Palen.
"1. Special salary paid. — $300.
3 Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — Yes.
4. Number of pupili taught. — Males, 137; females, 143.
5. Number of lessons per lueek given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson — Forty-five minutes.
7. Grade or grades in which the subject is taught. — Sixth, seventh and eighth
and high school.
8. Amount expended during current year.— Fl&nt, $112.61 ; material, $167.74 ;
salary, $300.
9. Total amount expended to date — $3,880.25.
Respectfully submitted,
G. J. McAndrew,
Principal.
SUMMIT.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Dear Sir — Although manual training has been receiving some
attention in Summit for several years, and the character of the work
has, I think, been fairly satisfactory, it has not been extended enough
so that any State appropriation was received until the year 1894-95.
During this year the work embraced drawing, sloyd, sewing, wood-
working (joinery) and cooking, which was an increase over the
previous years in wood- working only. Concerning plant and mate-
rial, I would say :
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 383
Drawing. — This is such as is usually embraced in this line, viz.,
paper, ruler, pencils, tri-equare, drawing-boards, &c.
Sloyd. — Each pupil in the grammar grades is supplied with a
cutting- board, knife, scissors, ruler, compass, pencil, paper, cardboard
and mucilage.
In the primary grades scissors take the place of knife and cutting-
fooards.
Sewing. — Each pupil is supplied with needles, thread, thimbles,
cloth of various kinds and all the usual implements.
Cooking. — The room is furnished with a large cupboard where all
dishes and tinware are kept, one oil gas stove, one large oil stove and
four small ones, tables, &c.
Wood working. — A special room has been fitted up in the base-
ment, where each pupil has a work-bench, which is supplied with
three saws, three planes, three chisels, bench hook, clamps, hammer,
mallet, screw- driver, marking gauge, bevel, ruler, tri-square, and
brace and bit. The room, also, contains grindstone and other tools
for general use. The material used is principally pine.
Oar work in drawing comprises principally working- drawings of
objects to be made of cardboard or wood ; also architectural draw-
ings in highest grammar grade and high school.
The work done in sloyd embraced ornamental boxes, match safes,
<fec., and all the typical solid forms.
The course in sewing in the primary grades consisted principally
in learning various kinds of stitches ; in grammar grades this was
continued and various articles were made, as, for instance, aprons,
handkerchiefs, &c.
The cooking was a continuation of the work of the previous year.
The mcst common and necessary articles were taught first ; also the
preparing of a proper bill of fare for people in various kinds of em-
ployment and conditions of health.
Wood- working was begun in January and consisted in learning
the use of tools, after which the various kiods of joints were made
with great exactness.
Concerning the condition of the manual training work, it may be
said to be better each year.
The people of the vicinity recognize the advantage of this line of
study and heartily indorse what is done.
Each Wednesday afternoon is given entirely to its various
branches, the girls taking sewing and cooking, while the boys of
the corresponding grades are receiving instruction in sloyd and wood-
working.
The entire course is compulsory, and, almost without exception, the
pupils look forward with pleasure to the time when the lesson shall
be given.
384 SCHOOL REPORT.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
Receipts.
Balance from last year $485 4S
Amount raised by special tax. 250 00
Amount received from the State 750 00
Amount received from other sources -
Overdrawn
Total $1,485 43
Expenditures.
Teachers' salaries $275 OQ
Plant 294 88
Material 108 15
Rent
Incidentals
Balance, June 30th, 1895 807 40
Total $1,485 43
DRAWING.
1. Name of teacher.— Wiss M. C. Taylor.
2. Special salary paid. — None.
8. li teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 59 ; females, 50.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — Two and four.
6. Length of lesson. — One-half hour.
7. Grade or grades in tvhich subject is taught. — High school and grammar
grades.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material, ;
salary,
9. Total amount expended to date. —
SLOYD.
1. Name of teacher. — Miss M. L. Taylor,
2. Special salary paid. — None.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught — Males, 69 ; females,
5. Number of lessons per week given each class.— One.
6. Length of lesson.— Tvfo hours.
7. Grade or grades in ivhich subject is taught — Two to seven, inclusive.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; mat rial, $101,931;
salary
9. Total amount expended to date. — $101.93.
SEWING.
1. Name of teacher— 'Miss A. F. Thompson.
2. Special salary paid.— 'i^one.
.3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this ivork f — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Slales, ... ; females, 55.
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 385
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — Two hours.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Second to seventh, inclusive.
8. Amount expended duririg current year. — Plant ; material, ;
salary,
9. Total amount expended to date. —
COOKING.
1. Name of teacher. — Mrs. H. R. Sumner.
2. Special salary paid. — $75.
3. Js teacher engaged exclusively in this tvoric f — Yes.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, ... ; females, 28.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — One hour.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Eighth and high school.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material, $3.83 ;
salary, $75.
9. Total amount expended to date. — $78.33.
WOOD-WORKING.
1. Name of teacher. — Mr. S. E. Wardell.
2. Special salary paid. — $200.
3. Js teacher engaged exclusively in this work f — Yes.
4. Number of pupils taught — Males, 26; females
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — One hour.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — High school and eighth
grammar.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $294.88; material ;
salary, $200.
9. Total amount expended to date. — $494.88.
Respectfully submitted,
E. Fred. Knapp,
Principal.
UNION HILL, HUDSON COUNTY.
To Addison B. Poland, State Superintendent :
Deak Sir — The past year has been of marked success in all of the
branches of manual training pursued in the schools of the Town of
Union.
The work in sewing has been advanced in the highest grade to
measuring, cutting, fitting and making garments.
In connection with mechanical drawing, besides the usual work of
preparing drawings for shop-work, machinery, designing for wall-
paper, oilcloth and carpets, considerable work has been accomplished
in the architectural line.
The change made at the beginning of the school year, limitirg the
privilege of instruction in domestic economy and wood- working to
the ninth and tenth grades, has resulted in keeping our pupiJs with
us a year longer,
25
386 SCHOOL REPORT.
We shall probably raise the requirement for these branches an
additional year during the next term.
The educational value of systematic manual training is plainly per-
ceptible throughout our schools in the other branches of the regular
curriculum.
Our annual manual training exhibit, in connection with the gradu-
ating exercises, was held as usual in June, and was examined and
criticised not only by our own townspeople but by many visitors from
outside as well.
No other change in the course, except as above stated, is
contemplated.
We have the same instructors for the coming year and a promising
prospect for efficient work all along the line.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT.
Receipts.
Balance from last year $550 82
Amount raised by special tax 500 00
Amount received from the State
Amount received from other sources
Overdrawn
Total $1,050 82
Expenditures.
Teachers' salaries $730 00
Plant 64 00
Material 165 28
Rent
Incidentals
Balance, June 30th, 1895 91 54
Total $1,050 82
DRAWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Nathan C. Billings and regular teachers.
2. Special salary paid. — None.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 282 ; females, 279.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — One hour.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is tatight. — Sixth to tenth.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $24; material, $87.84;
salary,
9. Total amount expended to date. — 1603.11.
MANUAL AND INDUSTRIAL TRAINING. 387
MODELING.
1. Name of teacher. — Nathan C. Billinga.
2. Special salary paid. — None.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this 2uork f — No.
4. number of pupils taught. — Males, 22 ; females, 27.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — One hour.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is tattght. — Tenth.
8. Amount expended during curreyit year. — Plant, ; material,
■salary,
9. Total amount expended to da/t'.— $94.58.
SEWING.
1. Name of teacher. — Class teachers.
2. Special salary paid. — None.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work ? — No.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, ; females, 720.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — Two hours.
7. Grade or grades in ivhich subject is taught. — Third to tenth.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, $40; material, $51.87;
•salary,
9. Total amount expended to date. — $530.83.
DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
1. Name of teacher. — Harriet E. Pond.
2. Special salary paid. — $330.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively hi this work '? — Yes.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males ; females, 57.
5. Number of lessons per week given each class. — One.
6. Length of lesson. — Two hours.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Ninth and tenth.
8. Amount expended during current year. — Plant, ; material, $13.89;
salary. $330.
9. Total amount expended to daie. — $2,708.55.
WOOD-WORKING.
1. Name of teacher. — Andrew B. Wooden.
2 Special salary paid. — $400.
3. Is teacher engaged exclusively in this work? — Yes.
4. Number of pupils taught. — Males, 47; females,
5. Number of lessons per tveek given each class. — One.
P). Length of lesson. — Two hours.
7. Grade or grades in which subject is taught. — Ninth and tenth.
8. Amount expended during current year.— Flsmt, ; material, $11.68;
■salary. $400.
9. Total amount expended to date. — $2,712.79.
Respectfully submitted,
Otto Ortel,
Principal.
APPENDIX.
STATISTICAL TABLES.
(389)
390
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Financial Report for the County of A TLA N TIC, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
Z3
m
55
,
s
a
OS
£
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2
a
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a.£
a£
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Atlantic City
Absecon
Jirigantine
Buena Vista
Egg Harbor City
Egg Harbor
Galloway
HammontOD
Hamillon
Llnwood
Mulllca
Pleasantvllle
Weymouth
Somers Point
South Atlantic City.
$18,974 65,
717 37
271 93
3,332 86
2,985 79
3,609 03
5,290 21
5,105 5S
3,485 35
1,172 40,
2,615 39
2,780 97
1,717 65'
462 30
161 50
$31,266 17
1,424 70
620 00
725 00
1,600 00
1,.301 11
1,636 60
6,952 38
3,834 67
465 29
391 33
2,032 79
fl,217 81
37 39
35 00
140 66
20 00
13 00
806 59
154 00
f52,572 98 $53,213 63
726 17
$2,190 03
$51,458 63
2,142 07
891 93
4,057 86
4,623 18
4,945 14
6,926 81
12,198 62
7,339 92
1 ,650 69
2,909 72
5,539 93
1,717 65
1,258 89
315 50
$28,046 92
877 50
440 90
2,520 00
3,2.59 09
3,405 00
4,937 37
6,195 00
3,933 75
1,224 00
2,289 70
3,300 00
1,395 00
505 00
257 03
718 63
25 25
326 24
294 46;
296 25
904 36
431 47
67 30
154 22
193 28
93 79
56 35
$4,031 61'
48 86
176 OO
124 89'
96 84'
91 66
476 2T
196 80
146 60
46 08^
9 10-
316 68-
90 45
19 or
$107,976 54 $62,616 26 $7,561 60 $5,869 9C
ATLANTIC COUNTY.
391
New Jer8ey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
1
1
•a
a
03
CO
5
a
g
i
5
i
US
•g
•a
u
&
1
1-1
»2
a
1
hi
i
a
a*
a
85
S
a
5
o
1
2
a
1
a
a
8.
^
1
a
1
H
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oca
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1
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3
8
s
d
3-
H
1
a
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a
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o
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a
1
as
asi
II
a
3
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1
1
5
o
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<!«
<
H
M-S
n
h
lf5,600 00
572 00
117 30
151 10
1,900 00
1,225 00
663 98
'33125
|t0,5«0 63 1214 70
?U8 95
5 70
4 75
22 20
15 63
1 45
2 50
$3,799 54
121 26
73 93
279 30
448 26
795 84
558 66
1,580 01
413 74
259 47
114 77
381 12
20 00
25 37
39 32
•;l,621 80
128 93
53 27
440 55
69 18
126 19
343 85
554 36
98 00
37 43
75 38
251 74
73 61
4 25
19 15
,010 75
,779 50
743 10
,369 49
,221 81
,846 09
,763 50
,330 53
,250 01
,636 78
,643 17
,150 30
,672 85
941 29
315 50
$2,043 30 $8,910 59 $3,897 69 $101,674 67
71 47
"44 80
$362 57
148 83
143 83
401 37
60 19
163 31
868 09
1,089 91
13 91
105 08
389 63
!$1447 88
317 60
$4,154 32 $1482 88
$1,447 88
362 57
148 83
688 37
401 37
99 05
163 31
868 09
1,089 91
13 91
266 55
389 63
44 80
317 60
$6,301 87
392
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Moneys for the County of ATLANTIC,
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
ii
.31
as
§^*
BO'S
■< ft*
ft
£S
a
&
^
g
S
1
1
{
§
1
^A
♦a -?
a
ai
og
ax'
a>
<J3
<s
AtlanticX'ity
Absecon
Brigantine
Buena Vista
Egg Harbor City
Egg Harbor
Galloway
Hammonton
Hamilton
Linwood.
MuUica...'
Pleasantville
Weymouth
Somers Point
South Atlantic City..
$344 54
sas
71 47
"iiSO
^664 6',
$362 57
148 83
143 83
401 37
60 19
163 31
868 09
1,089 91
13 91
195 08
389 63
317 60
|4,154 32
$1,447 88
$20,961 49
788 03
255 94
2,458 49
2,905 94
3,429 03
3,971 61
5,575 65
3,643 01
1,159 32
2,035 49
3,047 26
1,285 92
430 73
266 43
$1,482 88 $52,214 34',
$217 79
8 16
1 18
26 45
35 85
34 24
41 44
58 34
34 53
11 76
17 56
30 42
10 21
4 S5
1 40
534 13
ATLA.NTIC COUNTY.
393
^late of New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1896,
to"
OS
^a
s©
ss
> UlO)
0-2
a tck.
~ 01
99^
^ 03
flu
o «
as
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as
ai
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V 3
B a
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Bin
t^s
-f 10,000 00
200 00
100 00
700 00
800 00
466 00
1,200 00
800 00
no 00
500 00
600 00
200 00
100 00
200 00
^15,976 00
$5,000
100
50
200
400
136
140
450
200
50
200
686
$7,450 00
546 00
78 00
148 00
1,900 00
1,225 00
$8,000 00
150 00
50 00
100 00
400 00
150 00
800 00
2,400 00
525 00
75 00
300 00
125 00
200 00
50 00
50 00
$30,450 00
996 00
200 00
1,000 00
1,600 00
830 00
2,288 00
5,550 00
1,950 00
235 00
l,0e0 00
1,411 00
400 00
525 00
250 00
$7,662 00 $11,672 00 $13,375 00 $48,685 00 $650 00
$650 00
$76 17
$76 17
$53,077 IS
2,154 76
605 95
4,173 31
4,943 16
4,392 32
6,464 36
12,052 08
6,717 45
1,419 99
3,319 60
5,604 48
1,740 93
1,278 18
517 83
$108,461 56
394
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Report of Attendance for the County of ATLANTIC, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
£
g^
&
15
s
5U
1
lA a>
fi5
U
Sa
o
fe"
^iJ
A
m ®
1
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a a,
1* ot.
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a-s
a 2.2
II
1= 0) 3
§■2
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o e8 a>
aE.s
a P
«^^
ll-§
95-
^3
S 0/
Atlantic City
Absecon
Erigantine
Buena Vista
Egg Harbor City
Egg Harbor
(lalloway
Hammonton
Hamilton
Linwood
Mullica
Pleasantville
Weymouth.
Somers Point
South Atlantic City
9.5
9
9
9
9
9
9
1,228
46
30
142
175
198
244
410
168
75
88
20.3
48
33
13
3.081
1,205
37
12
122
159
181
251
335
213
73
79
183
79
25
8
2,962
2,433
83
22
264
334
379
495
745
381
148
167
386
127
58
21
6,043
691,485
39,263
28
1,620
1
900
6,645
5,940
2
8,622
2
9,910
4
12,645
2
9,983
4
1,745
2
3,070
1
7,464
1
2,528
955
277
1
11,567
4S
4,42r
362
164
1,504
1,090
1,050
2,646
1,798
1,703
566
2,252
2,127
560
426
36
20,711.
ATLANTIC COUNTY.
39^
New Jersey, for the School Year Ending Jane 30th, 1895.
1m *
§
&
§
g
a
O.
a
a
2
a
O
u
v
8
a
OS
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1
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a
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1
a
a
a
Q.
a
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= q
9
a.
a
SCO
o
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3>
2
&
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<!
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>>
>>
a.
a.
a
a
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J3
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03
OS
a
O
fc4
(U
J=
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<!a
1,924
6S
13
154
270
245
323
514
213
98
112
272,
C9
38
14
l.Tlol
58
117
239
200
290
444
201
89,
93
226
53
33
12,
4,367 3,77<J
89
1,555
725
H5
40
25
61
15
7
76
185
75
88
219
100
.S2
271
91
90
325
140
86
549
150
80
283
69
91
84
59
83
109
55
83
245
134
77
83
40
87
35
19
23
86
86
4,017
1,695
12
3
50
1?
1
5
8
12
i
12
2
4
12
3
6
12
6
4
12
3
11
12
3
7
12
2
1
12
1
5
12
3
5
12
1
3
1?
1
8
1
12
29
105
i$U3 85
55 00
86 12
47 78
55 00
63 70
55 63
53 00
35 00
63 34
35 00
55 00
$6590
$49 42
48 75.
40 00
45 OO
40 17
39 17"
46 50
45 20
38 59
30 00
33 30
37 50
40 00
"moo-
|4o a
-396
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Financial Report for the County of BERGEN, State of
.
.
>,
•O-i
gg
«
s
s
s
S£
2|
to
>>
5
1
3
ei
S 3
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3
9
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u
t.
s
u
t.^
t:
r
5
a
p
£•«
TOWNSHIPS OR
K ^
**
_ U)
CITIES.
11
5 s
9) S
3
^
^
■«
•a ■a
53
5g
^
»
g
a 3
If
■Oh
1'
3
O
K
«
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as
go
"S
3
3 .
§1
35
3 w
a o 0
9 0
§a
i:-
a|
as
ag-
<;la
•<i:
<i:
^s
-^s
«<;s
«l2i
Ridgetield
EoKlewood
Palisade
■Washington
Harrington
:Midland.
New Barbadoes..
Bergen
Union
■Saddle River. .
Ridgwood
Franklin
■Orvil
Hohokus
Teaneck
Rutherford
East Rutherford
Delford
Cresskill
Westwood
Park Ridge
Tenafly
Eastwood
Riverside
Bergenfield
Maywood
Carlstadt
Schraalenburgh
Hasbrouck Heights..
Midland Park
^ontvale
Little Ferry
Woodcllfif
tjlen Rock
< :>ld Tappan
Allendale
Undercliflf
Leonla
Saddle River
Upper Saddle River.
Lodi
Fairview
Woodridge
Wallington
<"liffside Park
Ridgefleld
Fort Lee
Englewood
|2,024 22
611 05
370 00
1,269 12
3,009 70
1,186 19
7,088 21
370 00
2,181 34
3,681 77
1,862 71
2,308 30
841 38
2,590 72
1,3.55 42
3,670 68
2,273 99
6.54 71
549 95
676 53
1,255 II
1,099 90
740 00
453 92
427 74
370 00
1,440 34
379 73
554 31
1,702 22
370 00
947 13
370 00
370 00
370 00
995 14
397 18
375 66
1,483 98
645 97
l,i»70 50
755 09
1,313 76
4.S2 10
1,«8J 39
3,426 25
$7,864 44
2,227 44
1,279 93
2,847 11
8,580 31
5,552 21
21,8.53 20
203 411,
5,788 08 .
12,317 36
6,814 19
146 18
6,643 25
4,623 76
3,839 23
14,782 36
5,342 44
1,.533 49
1,754 34
2,543 43
1,072 00
2,380 It
933 47
863 87
1,547 55
8,186 i4
2,200 00
2,.?22 41
1,797 32
1,112 78
$2,429 75
76 35
72 80
30 00
9,630 12
10,503 81
932 75
50,283 17
1,207 60
2,665 47
746 78
1,403 82
796 22
2,.583 00
370 00
15 00
12,321 91
1,222 76
1,»17 10
1,891 49
4,759 94
1,713 12
4,460 06
23,379 49
$62,302 41 $199,098 70
45 00
4,706 73
1,933 59
426 15
593 30
515 00
445 09
101 09
600 67
12 .38
459 29
26 00
788 60
379 32
387 29
1 00
293 60
810 00
14 50
1,210 50
20 00
10 00
1,348 43
360 65
64 77
805 00
186 35
40 00
2,060 09
$12,318 41
2,914 84
1,722 73
4,146 23
21,220 13
6,738 40
39,445 22
573 41
7,969 42
16,931 88
,58,960 07
2,454 48
8,692 23
7,214 48
5,239 65
23,159 77
9,550 02
2,614 35
2,897 59
3,734 96
2,772 20
3.581 10
2,274 14
1,330 17
2,434 58
8.582 84
4,428 94
3,081 46
2,738 92
2,816 00
663 60
4,122 60
1,116 78
1,773 82
1,180 72
4,788 64
7.S7 21
400 66
15,1.54 .32
2,229 38
3,252 37
3,451 58
6,260 05
2,145 22
6,180 45
28,865 83
$5,0.50 00
9.50 00
750 00
2,100 00
6,150 00
1,400 00
20,638 75
368 00
3,750 00
6.349 98
3,775 00
2,192 34
1,610 00
3,519 64
2.350 00
10,575 00
4,400 00
1,320 00
1,200 00
1,200 00
1,926 00
2,080 00
1,125 00
1,025 00
1,500 00
472 50
2,272 .50
1,450 00
1,7.50 CO
2,105 50
360 00
2,100 00
233 24
188 U
247 60|
906 93
183 20|
2,040 64 1
.53 54
552 23
928 39
100 00
415 61
370 71
1,493 19
700 21
92 .50
116 80
92 76
144 .50
354 53
111 80
66 34
1.57 33
134 43
160 OO
119 40
131 50
262 00
31 2.5
203 19
$500 00
80 71
103 92
1.34 16
r .506 73
I .5,254 61
3,898 66
8 02
932 30
f 444 .36
1 5170 02
/ 34.50 00
C 31865 44
126 18
r 1.32 11
1 4842 85
1,071 54
711 75
1,205 50
2,126 48
17 19
622 00
93 96
72 37
151 46
,126 55
130 53
91 42
71 30
2« 00
5 00
356 95
575 00 I
700 00
17 90
79 50 ,
46 00.,
245 35
2,464 00
600 00
329 94
1,850 00
1,400 00
2,300 00 !
1,.550 00
2,900 00
1,100 00
2,850 00
8,514 90
203 33
42 10
27 67
260 43
188 99;
170 80;
195 56
782 50 I
216 00;
416 03I
886 50|
68 16
7 96
10 04
10,720 54
3.52 70
111 70
128 62
46"i,5
444 41
884 37
$93,810 74 $355,211 85 125,637 05 $15,936 63 $34,338 07
BERGEN COUNTY.
39r
New Jirseyy jor the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
o
o
Si
1
"3
s
a
M
s
1
a
a
5
•e
a
i
3
i-i
1
1
i
a«
a
>->
1
1
1
i •
I
1
a
t
1
1
a
^
«
8
a
a
-S a
oca
1
1
ai
0.
a
s
S-^^
0)
1"
a
a
<^ a
§2
s
a
a
o
S
» a
g£
OS
1
So
II
%
3
1
1
J16 40
4 46
10 15
32 40
24 65
19 05
9 35
11,000 00
1,004 89
5 05
7 45
10 00
5 20
1,006 65
t738 00
163 03
399 67
1,247 93
367 16
1,973 10
18 43
387 54
609 57
561 23
91 91
271 88
275 -Z
966 55
438 91
102 59
150 67
154 13
150 00
103 24
77 95
91 28
59 29
104 87
151 80
55 12
57 33
117 44
17 07
237 10
130 00
$1,072 21
189 88
108 49
89 95
1,688 10
80 16
1,839 01
25 81
215 10
623 99
368 34
1,207 60
587 92
316 28
5,291 21
190 78
501 70
116 50
626 25
515 62
253 40
674 41
52 78
442 09
184 58
596 22
313 OS
185 92
287 31
32 68
912 93
55 46
343 26
17 36
$12,085 33
2,816 86
1,514 97
3,721 38
17,414 45
6,129 18
37,836 93
478 10
6,912 17
16,646 21
44,308 26
2,434 48
8,448 47
6,908 24
4,833 81
21,470 21
9,503 88
•2,600 48
2,781 77
3,298 59
2,746 12
2,885 13
2,264 36
1.307 77
2,310 17
8,372 93
4,407 70
2,975 00
2.308 55
2,811 80
662 16
4,135 17
893 71
1,535 26
1,152 01
$87 98
206 57
414 85
548 24
609 22
1,608 29
95 31
1,057 25
93 44
14,651 81
$233 08
10 00
1 19
10 00
3,257 44
243 76
306 24
405 84
1,611 73
13 87
115 82
436 37
26 08
695 97
177 83
46 14
10 02
124 41
183 91
106 46
120 08
3 20
1 44
277 43
223 07
238 56
14 21
9 78
12 38
26 00
21 24
310 29
1 00
$233 OS-'
97 98
207 76
424 85
3,805 68
609 22
1,608 29
95 31
1,057 25
285 67
14,651 81
20 00
243 76
306 241,
405 84-
1,689 56
46 13
13 87"
115 82
436 37-
26 08-
695 97-
9 78-
22 40'
124 41
209 91'
21 241
106 46
430 %T
4 20'
1 44
287 43-
223 or
238 56.
28 71
9 45
3 65
20 25
385 68
4 92
114 91
238 83
200 00
55 90,
6 30„..
20 05...
45 00,...
118 36,
209 84
1,328 97
21 00
838 17
42 35
29 36
131 75
48 86
39 IS
862 18
100 00
79 08
165 67
3,786 94
706 78
400 66
,735 63
,229 38
,828 98
,412 26
,932 .50
,559 89
,346 00
,696 68
176 30
70 43
358 62
327 55
585 33
1,834 45
12,169 16
64 77
9 32
175 30
80 43
418 69
|280 00 $3,011 54 $12,9.30 92 $26,1.50 90 $310,403 71
423 39
9 32
327 55
.585 33
1,834 45
12,169 15
$-10,.370 95 4,4.37 19 $44,808 14,
398
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Monty 8 for the County of BEROEN,
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
Vta
Ridgefleld
i;nglewood
Palisade
•Washington
■Harrington
Midland
New Barbadoes
Bergen
Union
•Saddle Blver
Ridgwood
Franklin
Orvil
Hohokus
Teaneck
Rutherford
East Rutherford
Delford
■Cresskill
Westwood
Park Ridge
Tenafly
Eastwood
Riverside
BergenfieUl
Maywood
Carlstadt
Schraalenburgh
Hasbrouck Heights....
Midland Park
IMontvale
Little Ferry
Woodcliff.
■Glen Rock
Old Tappan
Allendale
Undercllff
Leonia
Saddle River
Upper Saddle River .
L,odi
Tairview..
Woodridge
Wallington
ClitTiiide Park
Kosota.
Ridgefleld
Fort Lee
Englewood
as
e-3
S5
a-i •
OS >^ V
a'38
all
■< O.o«
?87 98
•206 57
414 85
548 24
fi09 il
1,608 29
95 31
1,057 25
93 44
14,651 81
243 "76
306 24
405 84
1,511 73
.f 233 08
10 00
1 19
10 00
3,257 44
13 87
115 82
436 37
26 08
695 97
192 23
"20 00
177 83
46 14
10 02
124 41
183 91
"l66"46
120 08
3 20
1 44
277 43
"223 07
2S8 56
14 21
9 78
12 38
175 30
70 43
26 00
21 24
310 29
1 00
358 62
585 33
1,834 45
12,169 15
$40,370 95
64 77
9 32
%i
a>
IJ2,808 40
883 23
456 72
1,276 51
3,058 73
1,081 55
8,617 15
475 17
2,207 05
4,079 89
2,176 86
1,837 59
1,041 28 .
2,741 29
1,170 81
5,048 00
2,532 90
633 22
537 59
638 27
1,096 98
1,200 68
582 89
577 85
581 20
297 32
1,849 00
596 eo
834 90
1,454 38
300 67
1,244 63
127 51
406 37
329 20
576 18
485 24
1,056 71
362
330 89
1,506 38
571 14
1,038 27
1,021 51
1,046 64
25 17
611 42
1,449 34
3,664 79
,437 19 $68,531 53
}72 60
34 79
18 48
34 31
76 23
34 67
202 84
19 81
58 11
106 56
55 94
45 91
31 77
67
26 70
104 25
67
16
9 91
17 16
21 38
43 25
13 17
12 81
13 05
7 01
61 13
14 14
16 91
47 11
7 25
32 01
9 18
14
9 30
12 69
20 54
18 48
11 72
9 42
50 86
12 32
17 16
30 56
17 76
1 81
15 22
46 75
105 47
$1,795 08
BERGEN COUNTY.
399
State of New Jersey ^ for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1896,
1
<ia
Amount of district tax voted for build-
ing, purchasing, hiring, repairing or
furnishing school-houses.
d
t
u
s
si
« OS
J.
H
1
h
11
11
if
Total amount of district tax ordered
to l)e raised.
E?
1
1
1
>
ii
<2.
0
e
1
a
1
%
>
1
Amount received from manual train-
ing and other sources.
i
i
u
Si
0
a
1
1
a
1
<
I
0
0
1
u
* .
is"
a <u
ai-"
$4,000 00
1,200 00
550 00
1,300 00
5,000 00
350 00
16,000 00
$3,500 00
7,200 00
1,175 00
1,700 00
4,450 00
450 00
5,400 00
680 00
1.000 00
2,905 00
2,200 00
P,875 00
1,950 00
360 00
785 00
1,505 00
700 00
5,150 00
$1,500 00
600 00
75 00
400 00
2,700 00
600 00
1,600 00
20 00
250 00
760 00
700 00
$10,875 00
10,950 00
2,160 00
3,985 00
13,755 00
2,100 00
28,150 00
700 00
4,550 00
8,152 50
7,550 00
$13,989 08
11,966 00
2.842 96
5,720 67
20,695 64
' $ii56o'o6
3,825 44
40,078 28
1,290 29
1,750 00
2,900 00
2,300 00
1,550 00
1,587 50
2,350 00
7,872 41
600 00
600 00
13,224 62
25,034 61
1,903 50
7-2o 00
1,300 00
1,275 00
8,000 00
2,302 50
SOO 00
SOO 00
753 47
575 00
1,100 00
331 26
945 00
425 00
4,200 00
2,575 00
578 00
870 00
775 00
1,888 76
1,592 50
1,634 26
4,115 00
2,875 00
15,088 76
.6,470 00
950 00
1,000 00
1,785 00
986 33
2,650 00
460 JO
1 R'M nn
2,951 07
1,000 00
400 00
1,000 00
7,230 30
4,478 35
21,930 57
9,116 21
150 00
1,613 87
200 00
146 53
336 33
700 00
170 00
500 00
275 00
175 00
1,710 00
240 00
340 00
750 Ofl
535 Ofl
300 00
2,500 00
200 OC
1.50 OC
300 OC
500 OC
1,050 OC
75 0(
50 0(
870 0(
100 0(
) 100 0(
) 225 0(
) 550 0(
1,663 32
760 00
125 00
75 00
200 00
30 00
150 00
2,876 80
2,130 77
650 00
260 00
4,589 90
1,065 84
1,000 00
1,075 00
505 00
2,263 00
100 oo'i i!450 66
7ob"66
2,168 66
350 00
90 00
800 00
112 50
1,050 00
5 "u^ft nn
1,564 24
1,550 00
1,060 00
1,250 00
475 00
20 00
800 00
750 00
6,131 37
2,916 90
125 00
300 00
15 Ofl
200 Ofl
1,827 50
1,525 00
570 00
2,125 00
3,376 Ofl
475 00
892 50
800 00
1,500 OC
2,500 OC
300 OC
> 70 OC
) 2,856 3'
1,000 0(
) 1,000 0(
) 2,225 0(
1,600 0(
500 0(
21,000 0<
) 3,500 0(
3 12,668 9
3,109 6S
3,030 69
879 36
825 00
125 00
3,689 07
3,511 69
50 00
75 OC
1,119 .30
400 00
500 00
1,000 00
1,300 OC
200 OC
267 50
1,469 56
1,417 58
2,005 78
150 OC
25 OC
20 OC
150 OC
3,750 49
)
754 91
)
410 31
1,236 3-
900 OC
835 OC
950 0(
1,050 OC
500 0(
1,000 0(
2,000 0(
2,774 9
) 600 OC
4,832 30
)
1,583 46
65 0(
) 400 0(
)
2,478 82
) 650 0(
)
3,289 39
)
2,991 95
)
526 98
) 20,000 0(
) 500 «
5 5,493 9
)
22,211 97
3 500 0(
J 1,400 0(
) 500 0(
) 3,000 W
)
6,830 54
2 ... .
28,608 33
$76,357 2
7 $78,178 1
1 $30,806 7
1 $17,760 0(
1) $203,102 1
4
. $3,400 0
)
$321,636 89
400
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Report of Attendance for the County of BERGEN, State of
i
1
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1-9
a
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3
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iXI
a
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3
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a
1
2
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
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of
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Kidgefield
Eoglewood
Palisade
Washington
Harrington
Midland
New Barbadoes
Bergen
Union ....
Saddle River
Ridgwood
Franklin
Orvil
Hohokus
Teaneck
Rutherford
East Rutherford
Delford
Cresskill
Westwood
Park Ridge
Tenafly
Eastwood
Riverside
Bergenfield
Maywood
Carlstadt
Schraalenburgh
Hasbrouck Heights.
Midland Park
Montvale
Little Ferry
Glen Rock
Old Tappan
Allendale
Undercliflf
Leonia
Saddle River
ITpper Saddle River.
Lodi
Fairview',.
Woodridge
Wallinglon
Cliffside Park
Ridgefield
Fort Lee
Englewood
10.12
10.25
y.7
10.37
9.96
9.13
9.9
10.75
9.78
9.79
9.8
9.76
10
9.2
9.88
10.15
10.25
10.25
10
10.15
10.5
10
9.9
9.85
9.66
9.7
10.7
10
10.4
10.5
9
10.76
10
10
9.8
10
10.6
10
9
10
9.9
10.3
10
10.75
9.75
10.5
10.25
252
44
47
116
280
80
803
29
203
.■562
201
140
102
226
87
399
175
66
40
47
95
66
58
55
53
23
170
51
72
149
10
97
32
33
30
22
97
29
36
156
39
112
128
97
49
124
247
10.19
252
51
32
121
226
100
700
33
202
390
198
130
83
206
93
368
188
61
31
58
100
78
49
49
50
22
117
57
78
181
19
121
43
32
35
25
lOO
46
28
145
77
104
105
75
51
95
218
5,623
594
95
79
237
506
180
1,503
62
405
752
399
270
186
432
180
767
363
127
71
105
195
144
107
104
103
45
287
108
150
330
29
218
75
65
65
47
197
75
64
301
116
216
233
172
100
219
465
11,452
62,516
12,465
9,190
25,822
59,898
19,278
203,810
5,418
46,149
90,405
46,632
22,661
19,098
49,295
21,063
107,737
51,262
15,167
8,855
13,255
23,916
19,844
11,319
12,796
11,527
4,389
46,571
13,758
21,600
33,325
2,416
30,260
6,333
7,643
9,344
6,188
25,980
7,451
6,098
33,351
16,107
29,712
24,663
20,607
11,709
25,483
68,189
10,708
1,844
1,447
4,817
8,196
3,897
23,542
1,357
5,906
13.535
6,321
5,140
3,604
9,024
3,715
11,728
6,322
2,147
1,323
3,091
4,325
2,861
2,427
1,099
1,117
3,698
4,316
1,828
2,018
9,315
830
4,550
909
808
760
262
3,040
2,045
1,764
5,808
475
5,838
1,461
4,0.36
1,788
3,770
6,384
2,420,493' 204,696
BERGEN COUNTY.
401
New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895,
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1.34
364
310
.85
322
175
„
134
2
„
$84 10
*48 43
.75
69
55
150
60
47
127
.87
.86
.85
63
67
151
27
12
86
5
49
25
85
2
46 34
.63
1
2
77 32
58 97
.74
2
42 77
.56
344
284
.83
347
143
16
199
4
2
77 94
51 87
1.26
119
1,138
97
1,02(;
.82
.90
117
1,020
57
354
6
129
95
329
"5
3
24
55 45
.28
149 84
55 25
.04
31
267
25
237
80
89
56
242
6
151
12
20
76
1
6
34 23
.6
1
90 00
48 91
.S8
530
446
84
540
212
199
1
12
114 29
46 42
.76
274
242
88
248
131
20
102
1
6
145 90
53 83
.8
145
123
114
104
79
84
167
142
102
43
1
137
59
1
6
2
1.33
67 50
46 75
35 53
1.19
312
264
85
237
190
5
176
62 78
.54
128
107
Ko
124
52
4
85
1
3
41 03
62 52
.67
589
531
90
4(i7
284
16
1,58
2
16
107 14
51 72
.70
280
247
88
202
155
6
145
1
7
147 62
45 51
.63
83
75
9(t
78
49
34
1
1
81 95
4(> 83
1
51
44
87
38
33
3?
1
1
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78
66
87
81
24
57
1
1
78 82
89 41
1.75
135
114
84
148
47
64
1
3
66 67
32 22
1.01
114
99
87
80
61
3
,50
1
2
120 00
44 00
1.41
68
71
57
65
84
92
79
62
28
41
42
43
2
1
57 06
71 07
.33
1
1
33 00
.42
66
60
90
64
39
54
1
1
103 67
51 83
2.6
22
250
18
208
81
84
24
195
21
92
28
56
1
54 12
.70
3
80 06
43 22
.69
77
67
88
58
45
5
49
1
1
90 00
55 00
.66
114
104
9'.!
in
39
45
1
2
86 54
40 86
1.75
210
162
81
238
72
20
57
1
3
76 20
40 47
2.79
17
1.58
44
44
49
30
51
13
137
31
49
46
29
45
78
87
70
90
91
97
90
17
1.58
63
55
41
47
129
12
60
12
6
24
■' 50
22
66
22
23
35
15
59
1
4
44 44
.13
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1
i
1
57 '56
70 00
48 84
.81
1.12
4
2
" .3
68 60
.1
is
65 00
114 28
.83
3
41 27
1.02
47
44
196
84
170
37
34
166
80
144
80
78
85
95
85
55
36
245
72
178
20
28
56
43
35
22
28
32
51
65
1
1
60 00
36 67
2
1.22
4
2
3
46 63
.03
1
3
70 70
.41
1
97 08
42 07
.4
131
123
94
178
55
44
1
2
90 00
65 00
.69
120
99
8H
137
35
60
1
3
93 02
39 07
1.73
71
139
62
121
87
87
52
155
48,
59.
29
75
2
3
56 41
1.99
5
1
95 24
55 88
.07
364
333
91
325
117|
23
82
1
10
175 60
64 39
.89
8,016
6,956'
87
7,71 ll
3,431'
310
3,314 1
50
168
$90 68
i«49 65
26
402
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Mnancial Report for the County of BURLINGTON, State of
TOWNSHIPS OK
CITIES.
-a
-a
S2
•03
lie.
35
11
hS
.
s
a
03
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Bass River
Beverly City
Beverly
Bordentown City,
Bordentown
Burlington City.. ,
Burlington ,
Chester
Cheaterfleld
CinnaminsoD
Delran
Eastampton
Evesham
Fleldsboro
Florence
LumbertoD
Mansfield
Medford
Mount Laurel
New Hanover
Northampton
Palmyra
Pemberton
Riverside
Riverton
Shamong
Southampton
Springfield
Washington
Wlllingboro
Westampton
Woodland
|2,188 55
2,750 05
1,037 09
6,797 98
370 50
8,529 55
1,468 80
4,521 85
2,570 11
1,299 08
1,295 76
768 44
2,895 79
976 47
2,698 01
2,599 30
2,376 83
2,748 67
3,741 96
2,275 60
7,021 38
2,464 15
3,570 85
1,964 97
1,451 55
2,358 51
3,227 74
3,115 82
1,843 59
1,576 69
726 06
1,327 06
$84,558 76
.■?737 05
1,524 96
1,217 00
2,200 00
200 00
3,087 84
81 52
4,940 08
873 84
595 83
516 25
1,060 00
1,169 00
223 08
219 54
266 25
1,026 13
985 24
310 64
629 24
9,567 95
2,298 06
1,795 47
1,335 97
2,413 72
1,738 76
248 13
117 60
380 01
448 97
150 00
$42,353 03
$1,200 00
2,200 00
4,500 00
4,000 50
20 6.-)
1,932 63
557 50
iisoe'ss
416 60
401 85
2,225 00
104 90
"eo'ob
143 83
'ii377 15
$2,925 60
5,475 01
4,454 09
13,497 98
570 50
15,617 89
1,.570 97
11,394 56
3,443 95
2,452 41
1,812 01
3,135 32
4,0<)4 79
1,199 55
2,917 55
3,282 15
3,804 81
5,9.58 91
4,052 60
2,904 84
16,694 23
4,762 21
5,426 32
3,300 94
4,009 10
2,358 51
6,338 65
3,363 95
1,961 09
2,3.56 70
1,175 03
1,477 06
$1,361 88
3,350 00
1,467 13
6,4.52 43
342 00
8,074 36
1,218 00
5,979 25
2,155 .32
1,260 00
1,439 94
1,058 00
2,434 .50
820 00
2,352 75
2,316 94
2,190 07
2,800 00
2,065 50
2,124 00
8,536 50
2,775 00
4,096 96
1,891 50
1,821 55
1,.551 00
3,001 25
2,432 98
1,668 15
1,193 00
571 00
1,032 50
847 49 $147.7.59 28 $81,833 46^ «7,i)24 84 $6,914 41
$106 65
411 30
153 02
522 69
24 47
821 45
101 56
668 84
163 66
75 00
54 55
145 70
192 57
90 00
302 20
194 67
99 35
149 01
84 28
115 39
1,214 19
232 09
350 97
258 96
160 50
136 06
308 74
163 09
104 .53
21 25
34 35
63 75
$513 02
34 47
2,000 00
132 91
914 35
328 04
27 09
101 41
21 40
24 81
90 80
16 55
113 12
58 40
.50 52
627 94
116 30
140 39
427 63
124 26
190 20
542 30
268 72
44 45
5 33
BURLINGTON COUNTY.
403
JVcto Jersey J for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
•^
32
1
a
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a:
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^
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5
3
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a£
as
p2 00
427 50
897 50
5,283 88
2,434 31
8 58
6 76
266 25
287 92
13 86
2,740 00
311 46
112 23
600 00
1,150 00
3 25
34 30
18 80
29 30
6 70
10 80
4 60
$69 04
218 29
25 00
391 41
102 61
108 17
1,738 07
292 75
429 73
200 00
819 71
28 13
195 11
36 16
1,028 10
36 72
297 09
477 58
898 17
81 60
165 00
444 80
1,111 21
?117 28
1,322 52
221 12
4,865 52
62 00
281 99
98 92
189 33
357 52
493 19
37 80
1,110 55
88 16
38 50
31 IS
93 64
570 78
1,128 02
18 30
240 44
2,825 79
184 28
290 23
94 73
171 39
1,151 00
244 44
93 80
73 25
166 56
50 00
$2,181 07
5,358 58
4,296 77
13,262 46
531 08
15,484 20
1,421 "
11,372 14
3,004 92
2,372 23
1,553 69
3,099 Ot
3,644 54
993 18
2,805 98
3,125 01
3,253 90
5,748 93
2,321 10
2,776 92
15,794 06
4,570 69
5,366 32
3,134 45
3,938 44
1,687 06
6,114 50
2,840 51
1,866 48
1,943 66
1,107 96
1,151 58
225 71
4 03
70 41
149 24
279 48
55 82
325 22
116 47
44 30
122 19
217 59
1,592 18
36 21
102 89
8 79
'en 45
519 75
70 91
362 44
67 07
230 81
$24 51
116 43
141 11
9 81
35 39
63 28
22 42
159 55
80 18
202 50
95 03
89 90
67 27
331 47
88 13
139 32
91 71
797 28
191 52
157 70
3 69
23 70
27 24
94 67
$16 21
34 95
1 85
121 85
60 00
"70 "66
$744 55
116 4$
157 32
235 52
39 42
133 69
149 24
22 42
439 03
80 18
258 32
36 26
420 25
206 37
111 57
157 14
550 91
209 98
1,731 50
127 92
900 17
191 52
60 00
166 49
70 66
671 45
224 15
523 44
94 61
413 04
67 07
325 43
115,411 25
$155 95
$9,571 09 $16,712 20 $138,123 20 $5,992 98
$3,053 81
$589 29
$9,636 03
404
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Moneys for the County of B URLING TON,
i
i
ate ap-
ooltax
Q.
1
0
s
1-
1
2
*!
2
a
s
state, county and
July Ist, 1895.
'
d
as
a
1
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
>>
a
u
s
received from o
1895.
apportioned fro
on. Including Sta
000.
•s
1
hi
1
i:
a
o
s
1
IS
11
S
n
1
8S
SI
Amount
propriat
and t'200
a
a
o
IS
li
II
o
3
Bass River
Beverly Ciiy
Beverly
Borden town City..
Bordentown
Burlington City
Burlington
Chester
Chesterfield
Cinnaminson
Delran
Kastarapton
Evesham
Fieldsboro
Florence
Lumberton
Mansfield
Medford
Mount Laurel
New Hanover
Northampton
Palmyra
Pemberton
Riverside
Riverton
Shamong
Southampton
Springfield
Washington
Willingboro
Westampton
Woodland
?720 02
225 71
4 03
70 41
149 24
279 48
55 82
325 22
lir, 47
44 30
122 19
217 .59
1,592 18
3(1 21
102 89
8 79
"C7l'45
519 75
TO 91
362 44
67 07
230 81
15,992 98
?24 51
116 43
141 11
9 81
35 39
63 28
22 42
159 5.5
80 18
202 50
95 03
89 90
67 27
331 47
88 13
139 32
91 71
797 28
191 52
157 70
3 »i9
23 70
27 24
94 67
$3,053 81
|1G 21
34 95
1 85
121 85
60 00
"iom
ISA 15
?589 29
*1,317
2,292
l,(i39
5,932
293
7,283
1,472
4,748
2,201
1,217
1,377
974
2,344
812
2,585
2,425
2,1.S7
2,556
2,177
2,120
•1,879
2,704
3,490
1,9.59
1,630
1,670
3,006
2,463
1,600
1,136
633
1,033
i}76,120 39 $4,363 92
$64 31
135 73
104 32
438 90
11 56
507 37
83 .57
242 13
124 47
76 76
71 72
46 53
117 36
51 27
147 29
127 44
116 47
143 74
121 51
114 40
382 60
162 11
185 2.S
144 03
103 13
83 28
149 96
132 18
49 79
66 68
29 04
29 04
BURLINGTON COUNTY.
405
Stale of New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1896.
i
u
•2
■C
S .
O aj
> o
3|
P
Amount of district tax voted for build-
ing, purcliHsing, hiring, repairing or
furnishing school-houses.
a
1
u
a
& .
ii
i|
as
X
o
>
fl
■^ a
a 03
^ m
Total amount of district tax ordered
to iM raised.
Amount received from temporary
loans.
g
%
1
1
1
a
1
a=r
5 5
> VI
'5: -
i
I
s
1
>
1
1
1
11
"5 -
m
s «
o 5
oiEaO
1|
o a
*400 oo'
50 00 S-25 00
?.500 00
200 00
4.50 00
300 00
75 00
2,250 00
100 00
1,900 00
100 00
.•Jl.OOO 00
1 ,.500 00
1,400 00
1,700 00
75 OO
5,500 00
150 00
5,700 00
580 00
*100 00
.575 00
435 00
1,100 00
$3,126 41
4,044 53
3,301 19
8,306 69
419 01
*fi50 on
100 00
"
§415 00
300 00
750 00
600 00
1,440 00
50 00
1,300 00
480 00
460 00
13,424 32
1,855 40
10,713 17
3,345 24
1,374 68
2,350 67
2,671 25
4,082 11
1,270 25
2,200 00
300 00
393 44
300 00
643 44
1,614 00
1,200 00
200 00
772 00
1,000 00
962 50
1,400 00
1,200 00
325 00
7,.565 00
9,850 00
2,975 00
2,250 56
2,.300 00
100 00
725 00
650 00
325 00
769 00
50 00
300 00
2.50 00
784 00
1,200 00
125 00
62 00
500 00
200 00
75 00
200 00
125 00
2,0.50 00
663 00
455 00
419 00
500 00
100 00
175 00
150 00
125 00
530 00
50 00
110 00
25 no
600 00
.500 00
350 00
1,030 on
1,000 00
200 00
600 00
200 00
1,200 00
7.56 56
250 00
3,616 25
3,710 17
3,767 21
4,310 49
5,230 89
150 00
262 SO
260 00
45 00
2 687 97
2,200 00
350 00
"sioVs'ob
820 00
25 00
2,715 00
562 00
460"60
15,726 92
12,908 28
6,710 91
4,520 24
4,103 80
2,524 95
4,105 96
3,769 36
2,070 09
2,385 37
500 00
590 00
1,100 00
450 00
450 00
100 00
.500 00
200 00
345 00
424 00
50 00
779 85
100 00
200 00
1,688 26
?8.1.50 on
*10,.525 00 «4 oti' nn; .*14 62.5 no
1*54,781 50
1*13,638 00
.■?3,781 50
?144,901 89
406
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Report of Attendance for the County of BURLINGTON, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
a
"Sri
is
8|
■§1
to 0)
S a
II
■2
■5«g
S^
a-a
S a
■22
"E a^
O « 4)
aE.2
u a J-
I. M
$ £ a
3«
oai
Bass River ,
Beverly City
Beverlj'
Bordentown City,
Bordentown
Burlington City-
Burlington .„
Chester
Chesterfield
Cinnaminson.
Delran
Eastampton
Evesham
Fleldsboro
Florence
Lumberton
Mansfield
Medford
ACount Laurel
New Hanover
Northampton . ...
Palmyra
Pemberton
Riverside
Riverton
Sbamong
Southampton
Springfield
Washington
Wlllingboro
Westampton
Woodland
9
10
9.1
10
8.4
10.2
8
8.9
9.7
9
9
8.8
8.8
9.8
8.5
9
9.4
8.1
9.1
9
10
10
9.3
9
10
8.2
8.3
9.3
7.6
9
120
184
107
273
21
523
99
298
145
95
127
62
191
95
237
170
141
225
157
154
477
219
245
202
103
99
222
199
80
86
30
33
e,419
94
164
75
244
15
488
116
322
144
94
109
78
198
83
231
178
140
166
152
129
471
230
2-50
206
85
115
103
155
69
78
25
43
5,130
214
348
182
517
36
1,011
215
620
289
189
236
140
389
178
468
348
281
391
309
283
948
449
495
408
188
214
405
354
149
164
55
76
10,549
J=3
a*
a 05
9 b
1255
17,910
41,560
17,509
64,600
2,890
123,481
16,560
70,150
28,053
16,240
16,362
14,503
31,082
14,112
36,958
32,472
25,436
35,601
21,968
24,786
122,100
60,000
49,867
31,320
2,680
15.416
32,536
27,510
11,950
16,794
4,416
5,047
921.969
4,680
7,100
3,094
9,000
874
24,868
3,040
7,174
5,277
3,474
2,610
2,447
5,527
3,528
6,596
6,444
5,133
4,698
6,134
5,058
14,740
8,000
7.738
5,616
3,800
4,34«
6,674
6,901
3,040
3,204
752
2,146
183.833
•9 >»
1^
BURLINGTON COUNTY.
407
New Jersey ^ for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895,
■^ B.
a
o
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a
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a
i
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1
>>
s
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of pupl
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125.5
99.5
.79
243.3
207. S
.85
113.2
96.2
.85
367.4
323
.88
22.4
17.2
.77
727.2
605.3
.83
122.5
103.5
.84
4J4.4
394.1
.90
171.8
144.6
.84
109.5
90.2
.82
110.4
95.9
.86
96.3
82.4
.85
299
177.6
.85
90
72
.80
256.2
217.4
.84
216.2
180.4
.84
162.7
135.3
.83
253.7
224.7
.88
178.7
145
.81
165.8
137.7
.83
684.2
610.5
.89
340
300
.88
309.7
268.1
.86
205.2
174
.85
153
134
.87
120.5
94
.78
236.4
196
.83
185
147.9
.80
98.6
78.6
.79
111.1
93.3
.84
32.3
27.6
.85
51.6
34.1
.66
6703.8
5707.9
.85
138
237
110
305
24
720
172
411
186
122
169
95
237
95
321
201
158
224
164
166
662
307
323
1208
125
142
220
231
105
80
28
51
6,737
76
99
12
48
24
172
40
1'^
172
119
43
167
42
99
4
67
67
45
146
6
83
147
1.37
10
116
7
167
142
3
114
3
213
73
111
31
164
8
''00
49
14
72
142
43
114
9
44
84
?7
",5
,364
448
75
103
21
41
63
95
104
.59
71
23
99
9
42
146
121
96
111
121
268
27
210
8
12
82
146
180
105
61
13
70
2,719 1
4
1
5
2
2
2
10
1
2
14
4
1
13
1
5
3
3
1
3
2
5
*>
1
6
7
1
5
2
5
6
2
4
2
17
7
2
8
2
2
4
'2
3
4
5
2
5
3
3
3
1
1
4
?U0 00
47 17
91 25
100 00
95 00
40 00
46 66
46 85
46 32
"33 40
5« 05
64 44
40 00
97 50
61 50
64 00
38 72
39 65
31 58
33 84
$38 59
45 00
36 41
45 00
40 71
43 00
40 47
38 89
37 06
23 33
40 44
40 11
42 05
38 50
35 85
35 91
40 37
38 20
39 03
38 70
39 64
37 85
38 72
46 25
37 00
36 96
39 34
34 64
43 51
37 00
35 58
$55 53 $39 51
408
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Financial Report Jor the County of CAMDEN, State of
^-a
.
>.
.
,
•o^-
S2
5
00
9
s
§£
^
-
E
5f2
a a
tS
;;
>.
s
J3
s
2-3
s
•a
^^
0
a
In
s
cu
55
S<s
0
S
^£!
Ui
5
<s
■2
£-3
TOWNSHIPS OR
^^
00
r- t*
CITIES.
1|
■0 .
■5 S
ES
■0
•0
01
■0
I«
55
5 =
V
B
t"g
•a c3
■§5
§2
•0 £
a .
0.
go
n
3 .
§1
S —
9 0 0
9 0
9 0
1:-
■ IS
r^
<!il5
<&
<i:
t^2
<3
<;2:
195,812 43
11,116 66
8,519 65
? 105,000 00
$35,616 17
$236,428 60
120,000 00
$23,020 85
$27,596 41
298 00
11,414 66
6,250 00
930 79
382 70
15,481 56
5,083 89
29,085 10
12,450 00
2,848 50
1,241 51
Merchant ville.
1,313 88
2,175 00
222 74
3,711 62
1,980 00
415 32
93 43
Haddonfield
3,002 40
11,872 18
14,874 58
5,900 00
875 74
343 44
Chesilhurst..
374 66
319 24
52 95
746 85
405 00
26 25
12 75
Pensauken
3,161 97
5,729 36
1,319 00
10,210 33
4,523 75
760 20
700 00
1,085 46
2,248 43
2,142 24
4,950 00
3,963 61
3,218 44
1,166 09
5,323 03
1,671 29
4,608 52
3,247 83
1,285 13
310 26
984 83
7,162 82
182 41
1,500 00
500 00
2,561 81
8,556 29
10,976 35
9,740 93
8,711 44
5,003 57
1,691 25
4,432 50
3,507 50
5,954 00
4,912 75
3,157 50
121 88
693 55
549 78
690 97
563 65
364 13
8 90
386 55
4,991 33
239 88
Waterford
8i»7 61
711 82
$140,909 83
$158,177 23
$52,935 07
$352,022 13
175.164 25
$31,861 61
$37,546 38
CAMDEN COUNTY.
409
^ew Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
3*3
O cc
<2
1
a
•a
a
2
«s
o5
tH)
"2
§
M
5
a
a
1
1
«2
<2
e
g
■%
^
%
^
"2
■o
■o
•o
a
a
a
S
o.
a
a
K
H .
H
=< »!
a
§2
c:
og
c
9
o
oS
o
Sg
Sm
Sg
a
-«!8
<!°
<!§•
<i
8«
«>^
$36,907 61
6,462 83
450 00
1,500 00
168 75
638 82
1,766 73
116 25
180 00
6 00
21 00
$700 00
73 95
13 65
'3 "85
10 00
33 70
$10,000 00
148,217 99 fS35 15 $10,000 00 $28,989 48
$17,403
511
3,103
526
1,258
52
712
25S
909
1,148
1,200
1,427
477
$800 00
580 90
265 86
232 79
881 77
20 on
2,558 87
334 39
305 69
642 06
920 76
569 54
124 14
$8,236
$236,428 02
8,729 57
26,372 08
3,711 62
10,759 17
688 96
9,893 97
2,415 10
8,494 64
10,955 19
9,195 99
8,351 01
4,856 31
$340,851 63 $2,685 09
$2,685 09
$0 58
"2162913
4,115 41
57 89
316 36
144 70
61 65
544 94
288 19
B,158 85
72 24
147 26
$326 56
$0 58
2,685 09
2,713 02
4,115 41
57 89
316 36
146 71
61 65
21 16
544 94
360 43
147 26
$11,170 50
410
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Moneys for the County of CAMDEN,
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
nS
085
as
« a
P
a«8
!J ■- a
"1 O.03
Camden City
Gloucester City.,
Stockton ,
Merchantvllle....
Haddonfield
Chesilhurst
Pensauken ,
Delaware
HaddOD
Centre
Gloucester ,
Waterford
Winslow ,
$2,685 09
f2,685 09
10 58
'2162913
4,115 41
57 89
316 36
144 70
61 65
544 94
288 19
$8,158 85
$83 89
2 01
"21 16
72 24
147 26
$73,810 32
6,976 02
9,728 85
1,415 20
3,676 05
356 52
3,486 89
1,417 3(1
3,163 01
2,895 63
5,002 12
4,130 41
2,723 87
$326 56 $118,777 25
$963 26 1 .
131 15 .
123 91 .
17 631
36 57 .
4 48 .
42 61 .
17 69 .
33 33 .
31 39 .
51 64 .
43 85 .
32 20 .
fl,529 711.
CAMDEN COUNTY.
411
State of New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1896.
p.
u
ti
St
a IK
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Is
li
2°
js a
•c a
(K ^
O t £
> U,^
^ £ 3
S'E O
w'a-B
of M
C it"-
u
■5.5
'""2
^ S
£•§
Amount of district tax voted for text-
books and apparatus.
Total amount of district tax ordered
to be raised.
s
o
s.
a
a
1
•a
>
u
fl
§"•
si
o
o
m
1
B
1
>
'S
a
§
a
Amount received firom manual train-
ing and other sources.
o
u
s
o
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1
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>
a
o
<
1
o
o
f
.o
• ll
Is
a Qj
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^15,716 03
f 32,088 17
f 37,403 77
$205,207 97
S279,982 13
9,792 26
25,060 78
4,432 83
5,000 00
1,000 00
375 00
450"66
1,475 00
165 00
885 00
327 00
575 00
870 OO
180 00
750 00
6,500 00
1,375 00
2,750 00
85 00
2,150 00
250 00
1,925 00
330 00
1,920 00
1,500 00
500 00
12,500 00
3,000 00
6,425 00
265 00
5,500 00
1,677 00
5,000 00
4,000 00
3,500 00
4,000 00
1,000 00
2,200 00
14,253 03
'is'ob
1,000 00
500 00
500 00
300 00
300 00
750 00
500 00
683 8»
9,345 86
3,258 76
l,4(i5 00
8,257 99
6,948 18
9,098 70
8,534 69
3,903 33
136,665 00
129,956 03
$37,765 17
|=i6.fi«S 77
*252,074 97
$383,652 4a
412
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Report of Attendance for the County of CAMDEN, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
fr
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8^
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'Camden City
(iloucester City,
Stockton
Merchantville .
HaddODfield
Chesilhurst ,
Pensauken ,
I^eiaware
Haddon
■Centre ,
Oloucester
Waterford
"Winslow
10.75
9.9
10
10
10
9
10
10
10
9.2
9.1
9.4
9.1
9.73
5,415
4I(;
849
112
247
33
287
107
230
196
382
348
223
8,845
5,592
403
811
121
241
33
230
75
209
189
345
299
201
8,749
11,007
819
1,660
233
488
66
517
182
439
385
727
647
424
1,280,092
90,090
182,740
28,236
74,154
5,678
60,890
17,996
46,821
39,371
67,903
66,295
38,269
2,001,538
198,375
18,118
32,6-27
5,453
6,974
671
10,832
3,099
9,394
8,610
16,068
16,2.50
8,581
335,552 88
12,341
6,804
7,955
1,057
1,069
46
2.925
'457
1,988
1,808
3,561
2,723
1,295
44,030
CAMDEN COUNTY.
413
New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June SOlh, 1895.
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101 01
80 00
80 00
45 00
45 00
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41 66
41 11
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41 60-
50 OO
43 00
47 83
42 .50
40 00
41 54
39 99
40 76
40 48
$46 89
414
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Financial Report J or the County of CAPE MA Y, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
03 ^
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Dennis
Middle
Lower
West Cape May.
Cape May City .,
Cape May Point.
Ocean City
Sea Isle City
Holly Beach
Angelsea
Avalon
12,678 96
4.970 40
3,263 85
1,420 00
794 47
9,482 18
935 00
.Sll 30
538 83
370 00
370 00
508 59
$25,843 58
$583 62
1,693 80
1,890 29
522 85
1,503 65
517 44
2,215 92
2,141 58
549 34
659 08
392 10
•f 12,669 67
$1,820 05
"li220'0O
25 00
190 01
148 11
.$3,451 1:
$3,262 58
8,484 25
5,154 14
3,162 85
2,298 12
9,532 18
1,452 44
2,727 22
2,705 41
1,109 35
1,029 08
1,046 80
$2,486 55
5,133 00
3,898 30
1,490 80
1,629 99
4,395 00
882 35
1,290 00
855 00
448 75
531 00
270 00
f41,964 42 123,210 74
$1.S9 10
269 76
278 00
138 24
175 00
326 00
35 00
174 35
122 35
60 00
45 63
38 25
.$224 71
137 55
1,200 00
"".512 16
82 70
294 40
56 22
30 56
20 22
8 80
$1,848 6S| $2,567 26
CAPE MAY COUNTY.
415
New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895,
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343 80
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$100 64
820 05
137 20
107 84
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101 80
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78 70
32 98
25 85
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$3,069 53
8,378 63
5,108 82
3,097 08
2,199 21
5,992 25
1,439 75
2,650 35
1,250 24
889 95
684 44
528 02
$I9S 05
105 62
45 32
65 82
98 91
3,539 93
12 69
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1,430 07
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158 03
$193 05
105 62
$1,000 00
$587 31
140 06
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532 35
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114 16
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382 26
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3,539 93
12 69
364 92
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190 01
76 87
66 78
1,455 07
219 40
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1 45
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344 64
200 00
$214 59
146 11
513 78
$3,259 36
|68 57
11,000 00
$1,799 90
$1,533 81
$35,288 32
$214 59
$6,100 39
$361 12
$6,676 10
416
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Moneys for the County of CAPE MA Yy
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
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105 62
45 32
65 82
98 91
3,539 93
12 69
76 87
1,430 07
29 39
344 64
158 08
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190 01
?1.848 97
3,711 52
2,923 62
1,199 07
1,106 86
2,928 15
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799 54
626 75
292 21
280 12
224 18
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146 59
148 53,
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49 35|
149 26 .
10 70
32 09
36 46 .
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12 88 .
3 89 ,
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CAPE MAY COUNTY.
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State of New Jersey, for ihe School Year Enilng June SOihf 1896.
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676 59
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300 00
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470 00
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1,070 50
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$14,435 26
27
$38,059 82:
418
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Report of Attendance for the County of CAPE MA Y, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
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105
190
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63,269
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20,220
40.786
5,229
14,833
12,043
5,594
4,718
1,516
2.59,981
5,868
10,444
9,269
4,312
3,810
4,550
1,409
2,113
1,791
1,481
1,147
572
47,066
1,096
3,069
1,4.57
1,010
233
933
211
725
929
521
84
73
10,341
CAPE MAY COUNTY.
419
jVew Jersey, for the School Year Ending June SOlh, 1895,
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420
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Financial Report for the County of CUMBERLAND, State of
^0,
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Fairfield
Lawrence
Greenwich
Hopewell
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Stow Creek
Bridffeton
Millville
f5,201 95
2,411 32
3,191 66
2,409 02
2,400 89
1,638 54
3,086 94
8,887 44
3,296 26
1,357 99
12,432 95
11,533 02
»57.847 98
ii;i,005 00
2,838 35
3,272 34
1,995 81
2,600 24
1,332 04
2,547 35
19,368 76
4,260 28
575 75
11,677 83
12,966 98
164,440 73
.^11 66
719 00
10 07
59 94
2,966 51
15 93
50 25
1,074 26
2,114 04
?6,206 95
5,261 33
6,464 00
4,404 83
5,720 13
2,980 65
5,694 23
31.222 71
7,572 47
1,983 99
25,185 04
26,614 04
.«4,085 26
2,964 00
4,498 92
2,r>89 82
3,197 12
1,961 00
3,326 81
14,.5.50 98
3,403 84
1,039 92
17,042 63
17,920 85
$7,021 r.6 1129.310 37 $76,581 65
iJ236 14
234 65
372 55
357 84
380 4r,
213 59
323 29
1,669 91
188 28
106 54
2,077 00
2,535 15
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145 65
173 57
334 28
252 22
28 6&-
324 72
550 96-
25 88-
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492 25.
1,125 41
8,745 43 $3,530 90
I
CUMBERLAND COUNTY.
421
Mew Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
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518 94
17 92
142 75
719 00
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5,578 35
811 61
50 75
|14 32
17 35
23 25
151 55
142 25
f 1,370 95
.f8,437 66 $385 5X1 $1,370 95 $13,889 93
.434 64
1,066 48
1,139 84
800 00
1,072 41
269 84
1.1 U 37
3,685 70
997 76
364 25
2,173 23
1,074 41
$139 65
124 37
51 25
158 90
200 13
267 25
2,948 40
464 19
50 53
1,359 99
1,033 24
$5,097 72
5,118 41
6,254 05
4,404 83
5,621 71
2,793 63
5,397 09
30,355 28
5,903 31
1,666 04
23,296 65
23,831 31
6,797 90i $119,739 93 $1,878 57
$1,109 23
557 81
211 53
$131 26
209 95
98 42
187 12
237 20
867 43
1,095 42
106 42
1,888 39
2,782 73
$7,304 34
$11 66
59 94
15 93
$1,109 23
142 92
209 95
98 42
187 12
297 14
867 43
1,669 16
317 95
1,888 39
2,782 73
$87 53
9,570 44
422
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Moneys for the County of CUMBERLAND^
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Greenwich
Hopewell
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Maurice River .
Stow Creek
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Mlllville
$1,109 23
557 81
211 53
§131 26
209 95,.
$11 66
98 42 ,
1S7 12 ,
237 20
8(i7 4?;
1,095 42
106 42
1,888 39,
2,782 73
59 9(
1593
$3,801 98
2,433 99
3,632 08
2,299 19
2,532 73
1,628 07
2,919 78
10,770 21
3,036 46
955 21
14,020 85
13,782 50
$1,878 57 $7,004 341
$87 .">3l $61,813 05
$114 56
68 15
100 68
73 48
59 88
51 32
75 16
275 40
S4 70
29 03
442 97
390 80
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475 00
.538 00
<i00 00
1,2.50 00
200 00
300 00
3,300 00
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60 00
4,000 00
4,700 00
$1,760 13 *10,240 00"
CUMBERLAND COUNTY.
423
State of New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1896.
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$20,034 88
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485
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3,922 67
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2,866 51
4,792 08
25,163 04
6,140 32
1,787 19
27 ..388 39
27,782 73
* 123,206 00
424
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Report of Attendance for the County of CUMBERLAND,
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
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2,143
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44,694
69,883
37,778
44,839
31,957
46,782
203,272
52,560
18,875
303,481
259,282
11,918
9,050
15,134
4,570
4,873
5,812
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25,982
19,203
3,041
37,144
30,308
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2,978
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2
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2,633
1,319
748
1,568
3,613
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Maurice River
6,085
1,384
1,088
Brldgeton
MillvUle
12
16
10,115
5,012
1 5,153
5,180
10,333
1,174,871
174,954
122
38,292
CUMBERLAND COUNTY.
425
■State of New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
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6,362
87.3
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3,405
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1,889
176
f 65 87
$36 84
426
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Financial Report for the County of ESSEX, State of
TOW:fSHIPS OR
CITIES.
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East Orange
Franklin
Irvington
Livingston
Milburn
Montclair
South Orange
Vailsburgh
Verona
West Orange
Orange
Newark ,
$6,322 92
]4,2«5 25
1,108 34
1,944 35
1,100 94
38,830 67
3,959 52
5,227 84
2,380 25
3,360 77
14,646 92
6,515 49
1,538 74
1,757 63
8,762 42
38,532 78
366,296 43
?f>,023 20
20,095 56
952 12
2,782 36
1,858 38
4,200 00
8,956 12
8,709 83
1,926 09
2,312 83
69,839 74
12,523 50
1,257 IS
2,954 21
17,353 30!
10,000 00
264,417 65
$8,000 00
468 1(1
425 00
18,298 8:
9,171 50
42,430 00
3,638 82
3,905 00
330 00
83 50
22,426 87
14,998 10
36,425 76
?;20,346 12
34,828 97
2,060 46
4.726 71
2,9.59 32
81,2.55 67
31,214 47
23.109 17
1,306 34
48,103 60
88.125 48
22,943 99
3,125 92
4,795 34
48,.542 .59
63,530 88
667,139 84
$6,509 75
21,5.52 50
1,275 00
3,875 10
1,560 00
48,848 00
6,145 00
7,982 50
2,652 00
4,050 00
44,660 26
13,020 00
1,825 00
3,056 94
12,824 63
33,782 57
408,432 80
|855 70
2,142 47
67 43
351 S6
229 85
6,369 64
1,180 76
1,215 .50
184 601
349 34|
6,380 14
826 33!
363 00!
259 56
1,719 45
4,126 13
45,025 45
$8,628 5{i-
1,451 05'
109 80
179 20-
37s 84
5,471 91
18,622 18
7,321 11
323 76
22,621 65
2,815 10
906 41
215 59
215 88
24,-5.55 81
9,043 9*
87,899 21
I516.5.S1 26 $473.962 07 $160,601 ,54 $1,151,114 87 622,052 05 $71,647 21 190,7.54 99"
ESSEX COUNTY.
42?
New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June SOih, 1895.
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5,200 00, i07 60
3 35
500 31,
12,000 00
3,059 00
4,«19 64
372 50
235 00,
9,950 00
4,408 00
1
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2,770 00.
12 79
20 90
125 85
45 30
11 65
14 55
135 80
303 95
2,9a5 15
f44,96e 46 $3746 69
$1,400 00
4,400 40
1,45S 83
$1,149 69
3,025 93
275 00
117 82
5,738 52
457 64
426 79
336 02
302 72
3,601 35
1,087 15
101 67
206 03
1,318 09
2,194 57
19,872 40
$171 81
486 82
122 98
41 75
1,245 00
1,107 41
933 48
183 32
372 40
11,979 93
650 80
505 56
79 15
2,415 81
2,983 21
37,059 23
$18,715 84
33,966 37
1,853 56
4,447 91
2,791 32
81,073 07
30,572 02
22.499 02
4,064 99
27,952 01
83,913 03
22,402 82
3,022 47
4,328 11
45,739 59
56,447 99
601,194 24
$11.272 86 $40,21139 $60,338 72 $1,044,984 36
$1,630 28
494 44
206 90
27S 80
168 00
612 45
241 35
330 98
3,612 85
541 17
103 45
467 23
2,803 00
7,082 89
65,915 60
$368 16
182 60
'eio'is
19820 61
1,599 60
3.519 39 22681 12
$1,630 28
862 60
206 90
278 80
168 00
182 60
642 45
610 15
211 35
20,151 59
4,212 45
541 17
103 45
467 23
2,803 OO
7,082 89-
65,945 60-
$106,130 51
'428
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Moneys for the County of ESSEX,
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
082
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Bloomfield
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Caldwell Horough.
Clinton
East Orange
Franklin
Irvlngton
Livingston
Milburn
Montclair ,
South Orange
Vailsburgh
Verona ,
West Orange
■Glen Ridge ,
•Orange
Newark
?1,6S0
494
206
278
168
211
330
2.612
541
103
467
2,803
7,082
6.5,945
P68 16
182 60
'eio "15
19,820 61
1,599 60
^83,549 39 f22,581 12 ^33,508 92
$7,058 36
16,343 20
1.426 57
2,8.55 68
1,417 39
28,607 78
4,998 60
7,020 06
2,843 96
3,696 01
23,1.58 12
8,591 54
1,869 94
2,336 29
10,408 41
1,634 77
39,232 22
370,010 02
ESSEX COUNTY.
429'
State of New Jersey , for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1896.
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14,500 00
650 00
?500 00
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?675 00
5,000 00
f750 00
1,500 00
175 00
1,370 00
100 00
S5,075 00
21,000 00
1,000 00
3,320 00
2.436 00
55,100 00
7,993 00
10,162 50
2,250 00
7,116 00
74,900 00
15,112 50
2,100 00
3,072 00
19,000 00
7,000 00
10,000 00
141,572 90
?113,763 64'
'38,205 80
2,633 47
6,454 48
4,021 39
83,890 38
13,634 05
17 792 71
1,950 00
1,320 00
400 00
6,100 00
200 00
1,370 00
343 75
""siooo'oo
1,500 00
150 00
300 00
4,500 00
1,500 00
616 00
12,000 00
3,093 00
2,812 50
356 25
2,750 00
9,900 00
3,112 50
37,000 00
4,400 00
300 00
700 00
400 00
600 00
5,000 00
2,000 00
150 00
350 00
1,500 00
1,000 00
5,280 00
1,150 00
3,766 00
5,335 31
30,963 60
102,270 57
25,245 21
4,073 39
5,875 52
32,211 41
8,634 77
58,315 11
577,528 52
52,000 00
8,500 CO
|1,000 00
1,800 00
1,950 00
472 00
2,305 00
10,695 00
4,500 00
10,000 00
123,572 90
2,000 00
18,000 00
1286.183 90
143.038 75
$43,092 25
$15,895 00
$388,209 90
$3,000 00
$1,030,849 33.,
430
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Report of Attendance for the County of ESSEX, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIKS.
2
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Milburn
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Vailsburgh
Verona
West Orange
>Orange
Newark
326
722
69
141
81
1,351
218
428
147
140
1,046
323
121
119
473
1,157
14,861
21,723
276
686
64
152
73
1,.355
219
436
116
143
1,031
305
99
99
497
1,204
14,906
602
1,408
133
293
154
2,706
437
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263
283
2,077
628
220
218
970
2,361
29,76"
43,384
5,865,824
8,942
11
24,023
19
19,.W.5
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1,786
27
2,917
39,0.53.5
34
7,108.5
10
11,656
23
4,953
5,658
i
35,722
24
9,697.5
3
1,796
14
3,290.5
1
12,888
11
3.5,312.5
22
164.493.5
574
371,2.52.5
775
2,272
1,991
149
569
.561
<W4
1,995
937
731
1,900
6,717
1,177
291
432
2,834
2,233
7,667
33,360
ESSEX COUNTY.
431
iNew Jersey, for the School Year Ending June SOth^ 1895.
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365.9
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1,146.9
1021.3
89
931
390
87
38
2
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142 50
51 97
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224.4
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215.5
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101.5
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1968.7
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180 00
45 33
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187.2
162.4
86.7
150
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2
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48 33
33 33
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224,2
194.8
86.9
198
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11
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100 00
50 83
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1,687.4
1502.4
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1,183
627
267
52
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160 96
77 00
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488.9
439.2
89.8
304
257
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130 00
56 73
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161.7
152.4
94.2
188
32
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40 00
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160.3
143.6
89.6
125
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2
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73 75
41 12
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677.8
89.9
640
300
30
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115 00
49 87
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1,863
1684
90
1,652
621
88
52
7
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53 20
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23,363
20727
88.7
21,207
7,352
1,208
485
38
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190 00
65 00
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34,059.1
30344.88
88
29,648
11,640
2,096
909
78
792
1160 64
|61 35
432
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Financial Report for the County of GLOUCESTER, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
Z2
ate
ill
Clayton
Deptford
East Greenwich
Elk
Franklin
Glassboro
Greenwich
Harrison -
IjOgan
Mantua
Monroe
South Harrison.
Washington
Wenonah
West Deptford..
Woodbury
Woolwich
?3,i523 33
1,939 6Z
1,633 83
1,457 22
4,141 92
4,407 64
3,001 84
2,970 66
2,944 00
2,892 05
3,616 13
1,328 64
2,097 33
623 62
1,437 84
6,595 57
2,536 47
147.146 71
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,«1,493 44
4,634 13
350 00
578 75
449 72
5,773 75
1,624 31
2,032 17
863 76
1,737 46
1,600 00
782 66
1,055 98
1,500 00
664 05
9,352 17
2,365 91
$36,858 26
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15 39
74 60
320 00
i',26b"oo
601 03
500 00
4,963 30
649 55
1,720 18
10 00
$10,207 94
?5,170 71
6,589 14
2,058 43
2,035 97
4,911 64
10,181 39
5,826 15
5,002 83
3,807 76
4,629 51
5,216 13
2,71'2 33
3,653 31
7,086 92
2,751 44
17,667 87
4,911 38
^,916 50
4,000 00
1,748 00
1,380 00
3,680 76
4,395 00
3,522 87
3,719 50
2,660 25
3,184 20
4,033 00
1,560 00
2,276 56
1,325 00
1,594 60
8,965 00
3,013 16
$94,212 91 154,974 40
$441 99
462 93;
109 34
79 78
281 47
588 18
414 50
319 82
289 61
293 99
410 00
134 22
304 21
290 00
178 08
1,849 29
326 17
a a
f 159 29
117 92
111 91
342 66
8 50
295 42
250 00
107 88
107 57
4,794 37
126 78
645 29
372 09
,773 63 $7.613 86
GLOUCESTER COUNTY.
433
New Jersey J for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
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$7 60
710 00
79 50
1,750 00
762 20
445 00
240 00
ISO 00
350 00
510 00
2,400 00
260 00
|7,664 30 »19S 10
$31 55
21 55
23 60
18 35
20 00
42 00
9 80
16 50
$233 01
572 66
14 58
313 26
20 00
195 74
503 86
53 20
181 S3
188 74
236 83
32 00
26 92
93 84
114 63
995 59
606 70
$116 11
458 63
74 60
67 95
231 08
2,588 43
232 55
142 5'
195 06
348 75
199 13
707 21
123 49
219 48
167 49
1,032 38
169 27
$4,383 08 $7,074 18
$4,906 05
6,343 74
2,058 43
1,847 24
4,466 99
9,517 35
5,802 23
4,706 94
3,641 87
4,255 68
5,170 96
2,551 11
3,005 25
7,072 69
2,695 08
15,887 55
4,747 39
$88,676 55
5179 69
12 64
117 54
25 20
134 06
44 75
$513 88
$264 66
230 01
$15 39
188 73
179 79
651 40
23 92
295 89
48 35
373 83
45 17
131 76
101 69
4 26
412 31
14 23
56 36
1,780 32
109 24
10 00
$4,424 76 $597 72
$264 66
245 40
188 73
444 eS'
664 04
23 92
295 89
165 8»
373 83
45 17
161 22
648 06
14 23.
56 36
1,780 32
163 9»
$5,536 36
28
434
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Moneys for the County of GLOUCESTER,
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
IS
0 «
So
U go
If
as
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Olayton
Deptford
Kast Greenwich.
Elk
Franklin..
Olassboro
Greenwich
Harrison
Logan
Mantua
Monroe
South Harrison..
Washington
Wenonah
West Deptford...
Woodbury
Woolwich
|179 «9
12 G4
25 20
134 06
44 75
$513 88
$264 66
230 01
188 73
179 79
651 40
23 92
295 89
48 35
373 83
45 17
131 76
101 69
1,780 32
109 24
$15 39
""8517
4 26
412 31
14 23
56 36
10 00
$597 72
$3,287 59
2,929 62
1,371 31
1,401 74
3,460 57
3,886 58
2,986 39
2,817 47
2,543 29
2,608 93
3,411 01
1,536 09
2,047 90
914 54
1,885 86
5,908 47
2,649 96
$45,647 32
$146 64
98 16
67 02
52 29
126 91
198 69'
137 85
88 41
99 35
105 05
139 99
46 58
73 68
27 33
94 35
200 59
108 61
$1,811 50
I
GLOUCESTER COUNTY.
435
^late of New Jersey^ for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1896.
2 .
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$657 22
500 00
640 00
900 00
330 00
900 00
431 00
300 00
500 00
SOO 00
;.649 00
784 00
f9,391
f 1,500
2,362
200
150
450
700
6(50
S90
800
1,345
450
730
300
150
3,776
1,016
$680 00
165 00
1,700 00
210 00
""225 "66
975 00
121 00
525 00
600 00
700 00
1,775 00
15,079 78! $7,676 00 18,395 00
$300 00
650 00
100 00
900 00
350 00
500 00
500 00
700 00
600 00
825 00
100 00
145 00
300 00
200 00
800 00
1,425 00
$1,500 00
4,000 00
1,350 00
250 00
1,515 00
2,750 00
2,000 00
2,500 00
1,500 00
2,500 00
3,150 00
652 00
1,700 00
1,700 00
1,850 00
9,000 00
3,225 00
$41,142 00',
$94,137 18
436
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Rep(yrt of Attendance for the County of GLOUCESTER, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
a
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8|
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9 25
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Clayton
Deptford
Kast Greenwich,
Elk
Franklin
Olassboro
Greenwich
Harrison
Logan
Mantua
Monroe..
South Harrison.
Washington
Wenonah
West Deptford..
Woodbury
Woolwich
10
10
10
9.33
9
9.76
10
9.7
9
9.8
9.16
9
9.2
10
10
10
9.75
9.62
244
248
99
97
258
289
267
179
186
202
260
83
133
39
101
432
208
3,325
227
232
98
101
231
296
204
174
183
2S9
278
83
142
64
96
437
179
471
480
197
198
489
.585
471
353
369
431
538
166
275
103
197
869
387
6,579
55,388
43,787
23,729
18,620
43,877
64,916
49,558
39,697
34,432
44,874
46,213
15,843
25,263
13,624
20,530
109,726
45,275
695,352
9,282
9,121
2,369
3.990
8,710
12,174
9,149
10,777
11,299
6,666
14,171
2,692
4,788
1,162
5,031
2?,482
4,262
149,125
38,410
GLOUCESTER COUNTY.
437
^eio Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th , 1895.
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125
120
292
395
293
233
237
271
315
102
171
73
127
621
258
277
219
119
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244
333
248
203
191
229
253
88
140
68
103
548
233
82
81
90
83
85
84
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84
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86
82
93
81
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90
290
280
141
111
266
470
296
200
192
262
429
117
158
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124
474
246
166
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82
207
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177
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109
46
110
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286
125
15
3
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15
13
130
118
85
89
176
60
149
244
168
146
146
113
141
67
117
52
152
1
2
7
7
3
3
8
7
5
7
4
7
5
5
3
3
16
6
$100 00
44 75
S38 14
44 36
51 66
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
52 50
40 00
100 00
65 00
48 89
5612
63 27
33 33
40 83
45 00
44 45
35 25
42 23
2
1
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3
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41 53
3
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"5006
83 33
77 92
37 54
44 16
1
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4
109
16
36 66
45 59
36 96
2
4,239
3,596
84.8
4,113
2,207
259
2,153
21
103
$65 83
$40 74
438
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Financial Report for the County of HUDSON, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
North Bergen..
Town of Union
Weebawken ....
Guttenberg
Union
West Hoboken.
Harrison
Kearny
Hoboken
Bayonne
Jersey City
25!
■05
hi
5la
$5,8fi5 -10
13,050 33
2,490 19
3,541 35
3,286 71
14,856 60
11,102 19
8,656 43
6.5,691 12
21,526 59
455,414 07
fia
,
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$11,351 36
25,015 88
9,292 25
6,064 08
1.5,118 41
55,824 43
9,716 00
23,459 89
72,759 84
45,710 00
111,464 86
$605,483 98 $385,777 03
$17,827 50
1,326 38
15,000 00
3,79f 45
294 07
27 21
20,787 82
2,000 00
19,665 67
$35,014 26
39,392 69
13,282 44
9,605 43
22,200 60
70,975 10
20,845 40
52,904 14
140,453 96
67,236 59
586,544 60
$9,900 00
20,339 52
3,963 00
3,000 00
5,273 95
17,414 59
11,214 94
16,343 20
99,888 33
47,203 79
:',04,765 81
$67,224 10 $1,058,485 11 539,307 16 $65.232 4l' 116,804 1
$1,261 00
3,.547 20
1,35S 91
426 00
690 82
2,164 34'
1,550 50i
2,476 63,
12,231 8S
5,4.58 74 1
34,066 39
$2,708 0i»
299 54
1,227 .32
1,805 71
.■■>,018 61
39,048 68
2,051 U3
22,076 28
12,568 .39
6,914 38
23,026 14
i
HUDSON COUNTY.
439
New Jersty, for the School Year Ending June SOth, 1895.
O as
32
OS
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|l,300 00
6,150 00
1,853 00
2,945 00
3,439 00
9,150 00
$H2 4r,
167 90
33 10
46 50
41 95
216 75
127 00
110 95
877 30
295 75
3,482 85
$959 28
5,494 36
$24,837 00 $5482 50 1 $6,453 64 $37,451 46 $20,800 30
$1,765 99
1,381 08
269 01
114 89
527 43
1,820 06
1,502 24
1.711 87
6,819 74
4,741 69
16,797 46
$1,318 20
2,293 70
1,761 11
223 04
502 71
3,377 00
936 15
1,035 21
2,553 90
1,233 02
5,566 17
$18,335 73
35,138 22
8,612 45
7,469 14
15,030 47
64,041 51
20 820 86
52,904 14
140,433 90
65,877 37
387,704 85
$816,368 64 199.361 10
$521 35
198,839 75
$658 03 : 16050 50
4,156 571 97 80
4,669 99|
1,614 94
3,374 68 3,795 45
6,763 99 169 60
24 54
20 06
1,359 22
$22,642 02 20113 35
$16,708 53
4,254 37
4,669 99
2,136 29
7,170 13
6,983 59
24 54
20 06
1,359 22
198,839 75
440
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Moneys for the County of HUDSONj
TOWNSHIPS OR
IS
Ma
^2
2 o
OS.*-
•>; D.OS
as
North Bergen....
Town of Union.,
Weehawken
C4uttenberg
Union
West Hoboken..,
Harrison
Kearny
Hoboken
Jersey City
Bayonne
$456 33
198,839 75
:?199,296 08
^6.58 OS
4,156 57
4,669 99
557 33
3,374 68
24 hi
"2006
1,359 2i
?14,820 42
? 16,050 .50
97 80
3,795 45
?8.002 18
16,364 32
2,767 23
3,882 67
4,039 75
19,172 48
9,969 97
11,715 72
76,239 84
283,152 49
32,390 36
?19,943 75 $467,697 01
$6,750 00
9,000 00
2,000 00
2,200 00
2,992 91
500 00
36,602 76
307.790 00
29,710 00
397,545 67
i
HUDSON COUNTY.
441
iState of New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1896.
OS
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500 00
700 00
900 00
38,700 00
2,142 00
6,000 00
•62,500 00
5,500 00
$2,990 00
6,000 00
3,465 00
6,000 00
3,439 00
11,250 00
14,000 00
133,117 00 135,894 00 |6,858 00
$1,250 00
1,500 00
750 00
200 00
62.5 00
1,000 00
1,533 00
*2,597 00
6,400 00
1,.'520 00
550 00
1,4.50 00
10,300 00
2,102 00
25,.500 00
17,605 00
70,500 00
10,500 00
$148,824 00 733,488 6'
$29,762 00
23,400 00
4,770 00
7.50 00
8,640 00
58,992 91
9,716 00
36,750 00
60,207 76
4.54,790 00
45,710 00
2,.50O 00
454,472 71
"44,018 69
12,207 22
5,646 33
19,849 88
78,165 39
19,710 51
48,465 72
138,967 66
936,782 24
79.4.59 58
2,500 00 $1,437,745 93
442
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Report of Attendance for the County of HUDSON, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
s
S-s
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35,
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II
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North Bergen..,
Town of Dnion
Weehawken
Guttenberg ,
Union
"West Hoboken ,
Harrison ,
Kearny
Hoboken ,
Bayonne
Jersey City
10.75
10.35
9.95
9.90
10.75
10.70
10.25
9.95
10.50
9.90
10.10
591
1,264
163
291
42S
1,468
586
832
4,251
1,788
13,396
10.281 25,043
561
1,283
159
249
382
1,439
522
950
4,227
1,857
13,574
25.203
1,1.52
2,-547
322
540
805
2,907
1,108
1,782
8,468
3,645
26,970
151,282
375,299
34,016
66,913
104,380
404,054
129.566
220,196
1,172,002
468,815
3,544,120
50,246 1 6,670,643
18,970
24,051
5,622
9,983
14,363
48,911
16,418
32,517
126,011
73,896
306,865
677,607 921
1,92S
500-
310
294
950
5,973
234
3,384
5,928
12,446
18,359
50.306.
HUDSON COUNTY.
445
New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
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48 80
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813
710
.89
1,924
1,809
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197
162
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394
342
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506
485
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2,091
1,795
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722
639
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1,346
1,172
.87
6,033
.5,451
.65
2,735
2.401
.66
19,555
17,986
.66
3,301
2,995
.82
820
1,8.55
282
430
.576
2,424
644
1,311
6,635
2,626
19,168
36,771
324
8
517
175
40
110
206
23
445
38
464
407
64
1,681
152
946
73
6,997
805
2,137
1,3.38
6
12
3
34
1
4
1
6
2
9
2
38
3
14
2
27
11
142
5
82
20
466
56
834
*S7 75
135 27
120 60
90 91
98 14
142 51
141 46
126 26
135 24
151 51
195 30
|129 54
444
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Financial Report Jor the County of HUNTERDON, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
SO
o 3,2
a§|
II
ag
^5
0<S
<2
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c 3
Lebanon ,
Bethlehem
Alexandria
Holland
Frenchtown
Kingwood
Franklin
High Bridge
Union ,
Clinton Borough
Clinton
Tewksbury
Keadington
Raritan
Delaware
Kast Amwell
West Amwell
Lambertville
;=iri,S32 40
3,193 00
1,938 94
3,359 92
l,il(>7 19
2,7»>0 12
1,790 00
3,890 00
2,445 00
1,814 49
2,714 78
2,619 26
5,114 25
6,138 38
4,781 69
1,557 61
1,678 11
6,231 83
$60,027 69
$1,672 53
1,014 81
2,699 78
662 67
12 83
100 00
1,882 98
800 00
1,150 00
2,217 89
600 00
200 00
5,743 53
376 09
671 00
2,428 30
$22,232 41
$6,332 40
4,865 53
2,953 75
6,059 70
2,329 86
2.772 95
1,890 00
5.773 70
3,245 00
2,964 49
4,932 67
3,219 26
5,314 25
11,881 91
5,157 78
2,228 61
1,678 11
8,660 13
$5,832 50
3,010 00
1,748 54
3,580 CO
1,650 00
2,364 57
1,637 84
3,709 45
2,296 64
1,950 00
2,984 10
2,595 72
4,633 21
7,171 55
4,486 96
1,186 61
1,559 50
6,219 00
$347 26
259 55
100 35
265 79
96 95
162 29
152 16
181 27
93 65
184 81
230 70
159 94
245 83
663 66
307 02
71 00
92 96
674 52
$92 01
10 85
50 35
46 90
5 54
96 43
158 80
120 63
541 90
557 70
lOOOO
"9316
$82,260 10 $58,916 19 $4,289 7ll $1,974 32
1
HUNTERDON COUNTY.
44&
New Jersiy^ for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
O OD
as
-05
as
a
a
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«
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M
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1
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H
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« ri
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au
Sg
<!.S
<!§•
55
!C S
OS
a<c
$6,271 77
4,558 63
2,736 80
5,653 46
2,212 06
2,623 32
1,886 48
5,645 42
3,139 82
2,842 22
4,771 13
3,205 66
5,072 57
10,942 79
4,905 39
2,228 61
1,652 46
8,555 31
$60 63
59 62
90 05
251 31
17 19
142 34
$;60 63'
$1,083 69
731 09
964 25
320 90
$205 39
85 97
166 26
97 31
90 92
$247 28
126 90
254 93
100 61
7 29
3 52
128 28
50 47
122 27
161 54
306 90
160 00
14 31
216 95
|512 50
506 24
117 80'
149 63
3 62'
288 87
982 67
572 08
491 68
801 15
300 00
38 36
1,779 57
483 16
128 28*
18 65
9 90
25 00
54 71
105 18
85 20
188 28
150 00
155 17
729 96
107 96
122 27
161 54
13 60
235 21
13 60-
6 47
939 12
252 39
241 68
40 35
345
939 12
252 39'
571 00
25 65
25 65
23 23
49 00
1,234 M
261 87
101 82
104 82-
$824 60
$220 66
1 *9,870 97
$2,807 45
$78,803 90
$950 31
$2,505 89
$3,456 20w
446
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Moneys for the County of HUNTERDON,
d township
i
5
B
s
3
§•5
as
1
s
a
1
om surplus
a
09
B
a
§
^
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03
firD
4J
*=
1
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
Balance State, county
moneys July Ist, 1895,
a
1
a
•o
1
Balance received ftom
July 1st, 1895.
Amount apportioned
propriation, including
and 1100,000.
a
0
1
a
h
Amount apportioned
revenue.
0
1
a
s
Lebanon
$60 63
?4,436 69
1,669 08
$256 05
99 49
Junction
Bethlehem
Alexandria
59 62
90 05
251 31
17 19
142 31
'i'i'n
is'eo
235 21
25"6E
*950 3
S247 28
126 90
254 93
100 61
7 29
3 52
128 28
50 47
122 27
161 54
6"47
939 12
252 39
w'i's:
152,505 8?
3,024 88
1,835 39
3,552 88
1,500 68
2,721 72
1,939 82
3,950 37
2,240 88
1,470 34
2,814 78
2,442 98
4,835 44
6,354 19
4,724 28
1,908 24
1,480 4.5
5,901 14
. $58,804 2
163 12
95 63
177 77
80 21
128 41
107 59
223 27
119 16
76 74
161 96
142 29
278 80
338 19
266 08
126 87
77 89
377 91
$3,297 43
Holland
Tvingwood
Franklin
High Bridge
Union
Clinton Borough
Clinton
Tewksbury
Readlngton
Raritan
Delaware..
Kast Amwell
West Amwell
I>ambertville
Z'.'.'Z......
HUNTERDON COUNTY.
447
■State of New Jersey ^ for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1896.
1
a
li
SI
H
S 3
5 y
It
= -co
> iao}
X a 3
^*C 0
III
m
Amonnt of district tax for payment
of debt and interest.
Amount of district tax voted for lext-
liooks and apparatus.
Total amount of district tax ordered
to be raised.
2
0
a
a.
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>
■53
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■5.5
c'5
^200 00
SlOO 00
i?700 00
si.OOO 00
*o,753 37
1,768 57
4,119 90
2,712 97
5,036 89
1,983 67
3,199 76
2,825 93
5,151 92
2,615 22
2,944 35
4,538 28
2,598 87
5,955 92
12,131 50
6,242 75
2,535 11
1,883 99
8,883 87
500 00
550"00
160 00
200 00
100 00
300 00
125 00
400 00
100 00
20 00
(125 00
565 00
800 00
285 00
200 00
775 00
850 00
150 00
1,275 00
1,400 00
165 00
100 00
50 00
$50 00
55 00
150 00
250 00
67 00
100 00
425 00
525 00
300 00
83 00
150 00
100 00
800 00
225 00
460 00
415 00
100 00
550 00
400 00
1,200 00
500 00
100 00
750 00
500 00
500 00
300 00
800 00
600 00
4,500 00
1,000 00
500 00
300 00
2,500 00
2,000 00
"l^TOOOO
$3,320 00
?3,157 00
?6,395 00
$5,453 00
.?17,325 00
$82,882 84
448
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Report of Attendance Jor the County of HUNTERDON, State of
2
1
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8
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3
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TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
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11
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Lebanon
Bethlehem
Alexandria.
Holland
Frenchtown
Kingwood
Franklin
High Bridge
Union
Clinton Borough
Clinton
Tewksbury
Readington
Baritan
Delaware
East Amwell
West Amwell
Lambertville
9.47
9.66
9.54
9.85
10
9.25
9.45
9.83
9.44
10
9.9
9.83
9.92
9.95
9.86
9.75
9
10
9.75'
410
184
135
206
105
164
119
281
137
84
179
176
325
350
801
93
77
270
3,596
371
192
111
194
90
133
97
240
123
101
155
144
272
3,268
76,961
40,972
21,956
39,414
28,278
23,777
18,046
57,434
23,514
25,232
39,314
34,386
58,086
78,901
53,475
16,813
12,784
83,753
733,096
17,091
8,545
4,4(!fi
6,99(!
2,141
5,865
4,606
11,007
5,583
3,487
6,406
5,965
11,885
12,392
9,970
2,890
2,727
7,118
129,2-25
2,059.>
1,221.
1,340.
l,375vi
173
570
435
2,981.
510
529
1,582
2,166
1,353
1,230
1,921
372.
1,049
1,040
19,906-.
HUNTERDON COUNTY.
449
New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
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4.S9
6.30
6.21
5.62
.21
2.55
1.59
8.09
2.69
.6
4.68
10.33
2.89
6.89
9.51
1.88
5.16
.4
4.47
512
252
141
235
151
155
120
349
159
144
224
206
360
467
319
102
84
457
4,437
414
879
206
476
113
389
200
571
141
93
125
627
96
393
291
497
129
488
126
88
191
416
176
502
299
897
409
813
269
825
85
326
67
323
418
90
3,755
8,691
435
226
123
230
102
170
120
269
164
99
196
188
280
348
334
115
64
347
3,810
2,716 338
303
132
125
191
52
149
108
209
134
83
140
117
250
262
228
94
107
139
2,823
11
4
2
6
3
3
4
7
2
3
2
5
2
4
2
10
2
15
7
5
1
3
1
3
1
12
48
1021
$58 12
45 87
40 41
47 00
60 00
34 34
33 44
51 06
43 57
75 00
CO 00
60 85
35 00
76 66
41 22
33 22
40 00
102 00
S52 10
?35 02
30 83
30 97
31 91
35 OO
31 69
34 75
32 84
32 61
40 OO'
35 95.
36 35
38 64
33 09
33 13
39 27
38 66
43 96
.$35 26
29
450
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Financial Report for the County of MERCER, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
03 ^
B2!
ill
S5
53
•<i:
5-
,
^
£
•3
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a.2i
as
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s*S
Hopewell
Ewlng
Lawrence
Hamilton
Princeton
West Windsor
Washington
East Windsor
Town of Princeton .
Wilbur
Trenton
?8,472 38
5,230 55
•2,691 08
5,689 75
1,209 53
2,500 76
2,988 95
4,835 99
4,^35 81
1,764 49
^3,366 18
1,252 02
1,400 00
1,575 00
680 23
412 65
617 78
3,924 59
2.931 28
2.337 57
29,.558 47
$94 75
12,249 43
111 70
84 17
147,655 08
}11,933 31
6,482 57
4,091 08
7,264 75
1,889 76
2,913 41
3,606 73
21,010 01
7,978 79
4,186 23
S6,999 75
3,245 00
2,422 90
5,024 00
1.123 34
i;59S 22
2.480 32
4.481 54
5,175 Oil
1,602 50 ;
?492 34
291 59
184 65
225 94
86 19
107 41
130 01
473 31
772 15
472 73
SI, 023 93
312 30
1,019 71
778 79
200 00
177,213 55 90,817 09, 11,013,52
287 78
13,409 17
2.57 54
216 40
10,073 43
?48,0.55 77 .«;160,195 131 J24S..570 19, 125.029 G7' $14.249 84. J27..579 10
MERCER COUNTY.
451
New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
a
o
a
■o
C
40
S
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1
93
0!
2
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?9U 93
212 50
§100 00
519 00
205 02
483 14
275 00
397 07
300 00
755 18
1,187 60
277 54
4,463 26
5;706 00
134 02
39 06
237 97
93 40
56 48
100 00
634 75
579 09
131 72
3,599 67
110,234 60
4,714 41
3,871 34
6,749 84
1,791 43
2,159 18
3,298 11
20,134 80
7,971 39
4,135 79
135,699 52
$980 29
1,693 96
83 53
439 81
754"23
308 62
§715 34
74 20
136 21
75 10
98 33
.?3 08
S1.698 71
1,768 16
219 74
:;:::::::::
; 1
514 91
§13 50
98 33
754 23
308 62
293 00
27 85
875 21
875 21
7 40
50 44
31,189 92
7 40
1,375 00
50 44
15,000 00
732 55
10324 11
41,514 03
?17,T92 43
«773 90
$S,962 81
!?fi,372 66
$200,760 41
S4.260 44
§32,346 94
11202 40
- $47,809 7s
452
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Appmiionment of School Moneys for the County of MERCER^
a.
3
a
w
s
3
fa
3
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o,
I
2
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S'
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
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Hopewell ■
Ewing
Lawrence
Hamilton
Princeton
West Windsor
Washington
East Windsor
Town of Princeton..
Wilbur
Trenton
?980 29
1,693 96
83 53
439 81
754 23
308 62
1^4,260 44
«715 34
74 20
13fi 21
75 10
98 33
7 40
50 44
81,189 92
fS2,346 94
:»3 08
875 21
'l6i324"li
lJ8,018 59
3,430 31
2,663 97
5,497 78
1,486 10
2,121 44
2,444 39
4,519 58
4,685 24
1,963 45
87,172 92
ij;ll,202 40 gl24,003 77
$156 00
124 62
174 00
MERCER COUNTY.
453
^tate of New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June SOthy 1896.
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♦50 00
6,000 00
f550 00
315 00
1,100 00
500 00
250 00
250 00
317 78
1,375 22
4,200 00
750 00
34,000 00
$6.050 00 $13,608 00
$1,135 93
212 50
1,475 00
1,350 00
5,240 00
$9,413 43
$600 00
100 00
300 00
200 00
150 00
150 00
300 00
170 00
204 00
2.50 00
$2,424 00
$2,285 93
627 50
1,400 00
700 00
400 00
400 00
617 78
3,020 22
4,404 00
2,400 00
45,240 00
$61,495 43
$12,003 23
5,825 97
4,283 71
6,712 69
1,984 43
3,431 67
3,495 41
8,589 01
9,096 64
4,413 89
173,926 95
$233,763 60
454
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Report of Attendance for the County of MERCER, State of
£
0)
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508
419
927
87,981
16,614
37
3,875
9.15
181
173
354
37,101
7,332
531
9.18
9.15
156
348
129
281
285
fi29
25,058
57,670
7,411
13,7.57
681
Hamilton
99S
10.3
10 1
94
115
80
91
174
21(1
13,984
19,115
24,002
3,4.50
6,557
5,799
1
588
1,904
1,.533
Washington
10.3
125
128
253
2
10.1
8.17
•244
23(1
245
243
489
473
55,144
54,128
10,438
9,174
1,947
Town of Princeton
9
4,826
Wilbur
10.10
9.1
137
3,793
114
3,878
251
7,071
27,928
1,094,521
3,479
169,718
1
76
.505
6,156
9.7
5,931
5,781
11,722
1,496,6.32
253,729
126
23,.544
MERCER COUNTY.
485
New Jersey y for the School Year Endivg June 30th, 1895.
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326
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432
187
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300
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119
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300
133
5,442
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228
176
341
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138
126
380
308
203
5,375
364
122
109
280
85
78
107
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165
48
1,958
59
4
367
107
92
204
63
94
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120
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$66 25
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$32 54
47 30
46 00
8
48 07
43 75
37 45
20
18
1
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70 00
no 85
38 42
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41 70
42 50
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338
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141 66
51 34
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9,433
7,474
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7,868
3,407
447
1,404
17
228
^:s 41
:f42 28
456
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Financial Report for the County of MIDDLESEX, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
to fc
ill
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»5£
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Cranbury
Dunellen
East Brunswick....
Madison
Monroe^
New Brunswick...
North Brunswick..
Perth Amboy
Piscataway.
Raritan
SayrevlUe
South Amboy
South Brunswick.,
Washington
Woodbridge
$2,334 83
3,880 87
2,783 46
3,915 28
22,2.52 80
1,752 76
11,046 89
4,410 90
5,398 25
3,054 92
5,865 77
5,502 19
1,810 97
5,654 64
?79,670 53
.?413 51
1,308 95
1,638 9(!
486 00
1,536 20
21,398 75
409 70
16,634 37
5,722 84
4,536 36
600 34
3,354 56
939 67
2,251 95
14,415 49
?75,647 84
?37 50
67 91
65 00
1,047 35
?2,748 34
1,346 45
5,525 83
3,269 46
5,451 48
43,651 55
2,162 46
27,681 26
10,133 74
9,980 75
3,655 26
9,288 24
6,506 86
4,062 92
21,117 68
.?2,290 00
915 00
4,068 34
2,473 61
3,521 00
30,302 26
1,608 33
12,990 50
5,406 70
7,258 30
2,555 00
6,350 00
4,843 91
2,435 97
8,477 42
$1,263 91 $156,582 28 $95,496 34 $10,97185 jlQ,.57S 21
$138 17
90 00
213 43
126 25
377 22
4,803 15
112 89
1,640 50
539 22
627 98
197 30
751 60
318 87
235 00
800 27
$57 67
'257"63
48 96
2,984 00
69 09
2,123 72
291 50
.575 71
151 71
421 63
46 46
175 00
3,.375 13
MIDDLESEX COUNTY.
457
^ew Jersey y for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
o
a
1
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?3 70
17 00
9 97
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117 91
60 64
264 26
738 77
2,899 33
$2,553 84
1,271 57
5,240 01
2,920 36
4,969 14
43,651 55
1,867 39
19,316 91
9,978 32
9,9P0 75
3,262 64
8,952 71
5,765 63
3,978 86
16,802 10
$118 41
$76 09
74 88
285 82
165 50
306 28
$194 50
74 88
$131 66
150 00
56 25
273 19
1,504 21
77 08
866 57
2,280 38
772 19
248 18
224 59
201 59
285 89
1,225 58
480 00
285 82
183 60
176 06
349 10
10 00
308 90
482 34
849 70
18 09
276 98
8,364 35
155 42
295 07
25 00
12s 80
1,546 82
772 02
50 00
75 00
979 99
87 73
75 00
1,361 70
8,364 35
155 42
688 50
696 57
35 45
60 90
10 95
20 00
297 82
549"4i
95 00
323 36
191 82
84 06
3,990 78
■$i2"l7
392 62
164 00
335 53
256 12
741 23
752 00
84 06
1,562 00
324 80
$336 97
4,315 58
«5,526 89
?600 67
$9,040 46
$8,297 36
$140,511 78
$1,343 19
$14,390 34
$16,070 50
458
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Moneys for the County of MIDDLESEX,
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
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$U8 41
$76 09
74 88
285 82
166 50
306 28
§2,119 56
1,922 90
4,120 89
2,363 00
3,706 33
25,526 23
1,711 94
11,524 66
3,259 31
5,567 92
2,606 71
5,646 63
4,460 34
2.093 28
6,831 33
183 60
176 06
18 09
276 98
8,364 35
155 42
297 62
95 00
323 36
191 82
84 06
3,990 78
ifU 17
549 41
324 80
$1,343 19
M4M1 34
$336 97
S83,461 03
MIDDLESEX COUNTY.
459«
State of New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June SOth, 1896.
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f 200 00
2,200 00
805 00
8,0^9 46
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2,000 00
1,000 00
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825 00'
2,900 00
|100 00
1,107 00
250 00
40S 75
7,500 00
310 00
2,700 00
300 00
1,250 00
200 00
450 00
201 04
641 00
2,350 00
§300 60
4S2 50
95 00
1,349 70
167 50
422 00
380 00
775 00
220 00
972 00
2,298 00
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5,362 34
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2,700 00
3,344 50
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458 75
22,261 50
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2,697 50
3,672 00
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3,025 00
751 04
2,738 00
8,148 00
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4,697 78
7,751 21
3,208 10-
4,647 42
47,787 73
2,822 01
29,889 01
6,112 23
9,239 92
3,829 33
9,007 16
5,952 61
4,915 34
19,294 91
.$;4,f>79 46
•;17.7r,7 79 $7,461 70 $12,627 34' $62,736 29',
$162,268 82:
460
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Report of Attendance for the County of MIDDLESEX,
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
■a o
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East Brunswick...
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Monroe
Jfew Brunswick...
North Brunswick
Perth Amboy
Piscataway
Karitan
Sayreville
South Amboy
South Brunswick.
Washington
Woodbridge
10
9.2
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9.5
9.5
9.6
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9.6
9.2
9.1
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9.3
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180
149
306
154
279
1,349
115
839
155
324
160
261
315
169
420
5,175
157
140
290
137
307
1,341
109
771
139
332
159
281
319
189
424
5,095
337
289
596
291
586
2,690
224
1,610
294
656
319
542
634
358
844
10,270
34,644
23,473
68,263
25,020
53,446
400,550
26,079
203,987
30,611
69,717
20,035
75,031
51,226
40,588
88,757
1,211,427
5,371
2,952
11,788
5,611
11,359
19,390
4,669
91,012
6,107
15,644
7,261
7,605
12,519
5,528
14,956
221,772 488
MIDDLESEX COUNTY.
461
State of New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
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60 00
41 52
145 35
103 32
50 00
77 50
60 00
100 00
55 55
100 00
75 00
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$30 07
47 OO
3S 55
41 74
31 20
53 20
42 75
45 20
29 48
35 80
46 66
46 87
32 22
37 50^
39 32
$40 1-
462
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Financial Report for the County of MONMO UTH, State of
wig
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CITIES.
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Atlantic
Freehold
Upper Freehold
Millstone
Manalapan
Marlborough
Matawan
Baritan
Holmdel
Middletown
Shrewsbury
Ocean
Neptune
Eatontovvn
Wall
Howell
Atlantic Highlands
Belmar
Freehold ]iorough ..
Keyport
Long Branch
Manasquan
Neptune City
Ked Bank
:?59l 62
684 46
2,893 95
784 91
725 00
1,1 0> 40
1,067 25
1,1211 01
1,562 53
11,578 50
5,846 78
232 77
88,344 51
900 00
3,507 38
2,131 50
1,887 05
3,560 00
972 04
3,915 21
40,733 85
4,164 44
600 00
5,584 35
5184,499 51
iJ20 00
40 00
33 36
30,079 87
1,430 00
1,900 00
10 00
2,828 25
2,744 73
^,153 46
3,112 13
7,807 60
5,061 27
4,599 19
4,513 23
5,178 77
3,300 68
4,187 03
23,884 40
13,592 39
1,504 66
104,077 77
5,732 92
9,797 84
9,773 89
33,890 77
7,110 86
9,355 00
9,268 90
60,580 U
7,016 98
1,429 69
15,358 90
?2,396 34
2,293 34
4,878 94
3,725 0?
3,577 74
3,695 00
4,025 00
2,000 00
2,723 17
9,236 00
7,480 06
1,204 00
22,592 72
4,150 00
5,866 22
6,693 11
2,600 00
3,250 00
6,214 11
5,775 00
28,557 25
4,149 95
990 00
8,090 00
$39,086 21 $353,308 44 1 146,102 98 $17,345 21 $83,482 29
$165 50
105 63
4IS 86
174 73
223 54
145 92
180 52
58 33
140 81
743 26
1,052 49
50 50
3,181 61
187 00
443 88
261 57
336 53
331 97
517 74
697 24
6,088 00
283 25
32 75
1,520 58
$225 98
125 84
150 23
75 00
11 50
42 75
67 04
190 82
6,999 81
668 77
50 00
69,308 46
291 88
400 00
142 47
6,349 00
348 08
400 00
2,004 06
467 60
163 00
MONMOUTH COUNTY.
463
JVew Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
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$250 00
253 97
553 91
427 99
450 00
515 07
735 63
325 04
694 24
614 11
1,750 08
122 95
602 69
596 04
428 00
$329 16
95 83
208 04
156 92
347 44
282 60
141 71
101 19
200 35
386 07
271 18
43 82
1,673 28
135 45
9.11 9fi
$3,141 00
2,982 85
7,348 78
4,634 90
4,706 79
4,678 05
5.156 06
2,912 53
3,954 43
20,572 45
12,717 03
1,476 27
103,238 91
5,360 37
7,760 92
8,775 70
10,089 77
6,988 14
9,269 30
9.157 25
49,859 11
6,769 95
1,440 85
14,686 56
S12 46
iOO 58
458 82
49 77
$12 48
$8 10
S28 70
129 23
SI, 163 19
458 82
376 60
426 37
19 27
13 80
*107 60
27 96
'•164 82
30 45
5 35
22 71
271 81
232 60
662 81
875 36
11 00
838 86
12 08
1,140 61
315 61
23,801 00
117 41
34 59
67 96
8,032 75
267 03
22 71
355 58
116 34
388 15
5 04
232 60
2,570 10
23 io
s'oo
120 15
2,609 14
$40 00
3,311 95
1,494 45
875 36
17 39
seo'iV
896 41
702 58
531'
51 11
43 69
28 39
5,760 00
838 86
372 55
405 76
5 80
2.036 92
445 13
1,202 22 j ii 20
433 20 371 04
297 00 j 1,553 09
937 45! 51 50
770 20 ; 364 81
2,959 44, 1,609 96
718 80 ; 175 00
180 29 68 21
1,633 11 ! 1,874 34
1,018 19
23,801 00
1,205 00
122 72
1,100 00
48 50
85 70
1,550 00
'2,688 25
111 65
8,500 00
140 40
22 85
6 60
58 90
10,721 00
952 50
267 03
*11 16
?1,509 63
35 20
637 14
3,365 39
6S2 34
*2o,553 98
$489 00
$1,509 63
$17,451 43
$10,663 45
$307,657 97
$5,207 74
$37,360 92
$15,934 05
' Overdrafts, $283.58.
4C4
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Moneys for the Cov/nty of MONMOUTHy
TOWXSHIPS OK
CITIES.
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P
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a
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Atlantic
Freehold
Upper Freehold
Millstone
Manalapan
Marlborough
Matawan
Karitan
Holmdel
Middletown
Shrewsbury
Ocean
Neptune.
Eatontown
Wall
Howell
Atlantic Highlands .
Belmar
Freehold Borough ...
Keyport
Long Branch
Manasquan
Neptune City.
Bed Bank
Spring Lake
128 70
37666
116 34
"2,m ii
360 47
896 41
702 58
5 31
51 11
43 69
$5,207 74
$12 46
100 58
458 82
49 77
22 71
271 81
232 60
662 81
875 36
11 00
838 86
12 08
1,140 51
315 61
23,801 00
117 41
34 69
67 96
8,032 75
267 08
S40 00
35 20
$37,360 92
2,688 25
' "637'i'4
$2,647 90
2,976 43
5,166 04
3,936 12
3,909 01
3,848 17
4,069 98
2,110 01
2,980 48
10,221 59
6,535 38
1,289 47
18,290 80
4,211 92
5,827 14
6,697 61
2,314 08
2,631 70
6,334 12
5,786 59
20,542 81
3,400 78
935 36
8,056 04
200 00
$3,365 89 $134,919 53
$51 33
62 98
98 06
82 82
74 77
72 61
87 56
46 44
163 12
220 57
132 42
24 44
357 75
92 59
121 50
138 17
46 59
50 75
139 48
120 06
409 23
63 84
18 98
165 08
$2,741 14
MONMOUTH COUNTY.
465
State of New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1896.
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?700 00
54 00
6,000 00
2,000 00
500 00
1,200 00
500 00
400 00
9,800 00
900 00
§300
200
450
255
1,275
155
15,475
50
300
1,000
2,540
211
6,300
400
2,000
770
963
1,016
100
2,800 00
600 00
13,200
1,000
300
9,700
250
1,410 00
150 00
5,700 00
480 00
1,500 00
1,180 00
750 00
1,500 00
8,500 00
900 00
.t25,454 00 158,210 35 .f22,630 00 |12,870 00 f 119,164 35
,?200 00
300 00
300 00
500 00
450 00
385 00
400 00
250 00
500 00
1,200 00
1,350 00
85 00
500 00
300 00
1,000 00
400 00
400 00
300 00
400 00
400 00
2,000 00
500 00
100 00
500 00
150 00
■f700 00
500 00
750 00
755 00
1,725 00
900 00
15,875 OO
300 00
800 00
2,200 00
6,000 00
500 00
18,500 00
700 00
5,000 00
1,650 00
3,363 35
3,696 00
1,750 00
2,300 00
33,500 00
3,300 00
400 00
13,000 00
1,000 00
$3,411 69
3,668 69
6,472 92
5,200 31
5,708 78
4,820 78
20,055 25
2,844 60
4,076 20
15,954 11
13,543 16
1,842 30
37,987 41
5,877 06
12,985 56
9,503 97
29,525 02
6,501 17
8,309 80
8,318 30
65,173 04
7,081 65
1,354 34
21,893 46
1,200 00
$302,759 07
30
466
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
dteport of Attendance for the County of MONMO UTH, State of
•TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
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Atlantic
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Upper Freehold
Millstone
Manalapan
Marlborongh
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Karitan
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Middletown ,
Shrewsbury
Ocean
Neptune
Eatontown
Wall
Howell
Atlantic Highlands.,
Belmar
Freehold Borough ...
Keyport
Long Branch
Manasciuan
Neptune City
Med Bank
9.2
149
137
'286
9.5
109
117
226
in
314
248
562
9.6
252
203
4.55
10
229
209
438
9.5
196
176
372
9
221
209
430
9.3
132
146
278
9.6
174
142
316
9.3
604
601
1,205
9.8
395
382
777
10
71
56
127
10
1,071
1,114
2,185
10
266
196
462
9.4
396
327
723
9.2
424
377
801
10
149
153
302
9
184
145
329
10
349
316
665
9.6
331
385
719
10
1,192
1,089
2,281
10
246
210
456
9
73
55
128
10
451
412
863
9.6
7,981
7,405
15,386
25,371
21,166
54,820
40,013
48,500
33,212
45,180
25,184
31,392
124,415
91,669
12,660
283,200
45,780
72,944
70,086
36,400
39,276
92,200
96,900
323,400
65,420
10,800
117,600
1, 807,-588
6,3.52
4,459
11,160
9,311
9,440
9,065
4,986
3,981
6,451
23,827
14,151
3,380
34,740
7,740
16,206
18,234
4,600
5,724
11,960
11,400
34,000
7,120
1,1
13,600
273,867 129
1,244
387
1,327
1,351
1,119
1,946
4.37
1.008
1,093
4,125
1,925
497
4,164
1,116
2,632
2,752
993
452
2,005
372
1,036
450
230
4,007
36,668
MONMOUTH COUNTY.
467
New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
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172
361
269
251
213
235
168
201
747
416
83
1,413
302
403
489
193
203
209
4?3
1,407
2-16
73
487
9,147
123
54
195
181
150
159
195
110
112
395
357
44
628
160
298
312
69
112
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212
714
158
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ISO
2
4
124
1
5
204
3
9
189
5
3
128
1
8
116
3
6
80
4
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3
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1
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294
6
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179
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6
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40 00
63 33
50 00
75 00
60 00
76 00
60 57
79 00
66 00
65 50
60 00
93 75
62 63
65 35
50 10
90 00
111 11
110 00
147 68
115 00
125 00
70 00
115 00
$74 96
$39 93
40 00
33 25
42 00
38 62
33 00
40 00
35 00
39 33
40 00
45 00
30 20
51 81
41 25
41 40
45 10
42 50
50 00
44 00
41 86
57 00
41 43
40 00
55 46
#46 46
468
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Financial Report for the County of MORRIS, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
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Chatham .„
Chester
Hanover
Jefferson
Mendham
Montville
Morris
Mt. Olive
Passaic
Pequannock
Randolph
Rockaway
Eoxbury
Washington
Morristown
Dover
Boonton Borough
Madison
Bockaway Borough,
Mt. Arlington
Netcong
i»476 13
2,886 75
3,207 51
4,129 91
2,774 86
2,341 66
2,340 13
1,810 97
2,220 00
2,515 66
3,859 11
6,572 51
6,806 92
3,452 97
3,674 39
11,063 81
6,611 25
4,068 17
2,916 83
1,753 02
502 25
1,487 42
«121 37
3,732 25
1,850 00
931 10
1,412 25
575 00
698 86
1,090 00
586 55
1,706 72
1,412 80
4,240 77
3,392 04
4,094 81
402 57
17,664 66
14,294 10
5,509 49
5,292 91
2,102 36
339 81
3,412 57
?77,472 23 $74,862 89
!?0 60
'l26"83
5 75
26 00
2,16fi 77
2,690 40
32 00
?598 10
6,619 00
5,183 84
5,061 01
4,187 11
2,916 66
3,038 99
2,900 97
2,812 30
4,222 38
5,297 91
12,980 05
12,889 36
7,579 78
4,076 96
28,728 37
21,667 93
9,727 66
8,323 74
5,080 38
979 31
5.029 60
i?450 00
*S0 58
3,800 00
311 66
3,323 48
307 30
4,362 77
203 46
2,944 86
260 64
2,140 00
108 90
2,020 72
115 39
1.653 34
101 51
2,142 75
124 86
2,637 50
224 47
3,902 75
231 94
6,144 00
328 87
8,150 25
3S9 32
4,176 73
234 50
3,697 60
161 48
15,695 62
2,371 25
11,671 25
1,625 13
5,775 00
682 10
6,350 00
735 00
3,106 00
308 50
450 00
127 49
1,960 00
321 68
«96,454 62
ii9,306 03
.si67 is-
les 08
463 12
56 57
63 97
112 64-
71 21
205 06
1,566 36
253 31
226 77
'2,045 "47
288 41
108 52
476 11
85 95
120 17
20 81
?6,496 68.
MORRIS COUNTY.
469
New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June SOth, 1895.
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$4 80
30 00
?27 85
804 49
1,024 51
57 90
54 59
359 21
1JI7 70
1,229 01
361 40
64 58
80 25
95 67
181 64
175 00
124 93
99 95
147 00
288 95
330 60
223 30
S530 93
6,175 16
5,183 84
4.858 09
3,928 31
2,703 78
2,391 52
2,356 24
2,730 26
3,971 10
5,075 43
11,849 65
12,147 63
6,386 60
3.859 08
24,974 84
17,263 33
7,394 66
8,323 74
5,040 85
897 19
3,887 59
$66 57
443 84
40 60
$67 17
443 84
4 30
12 85
202 92
258 80
90 12
351 09
473 28
77 39
251 28
222 48
967 76
741 73
1,021 24
217 88
3,758 53
3,789 33
2,333 00
39"53
33 41
1,051 66
202 92
$112 00
258 80
$122 76
296 38
71 45
212 88
17 20
647 47
362 42
221 18
611 52
544 73
3 90
22 25
4 65
82 04
404 20
251 28
388 68
222 48
2,200 00
15 60
1,365 87
355 47
779 81
i62 64
159 94
1,130 40
741 73
2,624 86
43 82
745 49
12 00
1,193 18
217 88
2,040 00
122 70
1,044 11
953 06
200 32
400 00
379 05
59 98
95 10
1,655 69
1,005 48
628 72
302 63
140 40
139 55
40 00
'"615"27
"""2276
89 61
3,753 53
4,404 60
2,333 00
1,720 00
60 00
1,000 00
20 95
39 53
1,450 00
26 01
74
82 12
1,142 01
$12,885 23
?358 37
§9,096 44
?7,332 45
$141,929 82
1839 92
$16,386 84
$744 83
$17,971 59
470
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Moneys jor the County of MORRIS^
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
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Boonton
Chatham
Chester
Hanover
Jefferson
Mendham
Montville
Morris
Mt. Olive
Passaic
Pequannock
Randolph
Rockaway
Roxhury
Washington
Morristown
Dover
Boonton Borough
Madison
Rockaway Borough..
Netcoug
Mt. Arlington
$122 76
296 38
71 45
162 64
"i59'94
74
26 01
$839 92
«66 57
44g 84
202 92
258 80
90 12
351 09
473 28
77 39
251 28
222 48
967 76
741 73
1,021 24
217 88
3,753 53
3,789 33
2,333 00
39 53
1,051 66
33 41
$16,386 84
?0 60
12 00
'6i5"27
89 61
22 70
|744 83
|425 72
3,111 35
2,872 68
4,256 23
2,508 17
2.090 09
1,814 00,
1,623 83
2,115 47
1,912 57
3,810 91
5,505 72
6,410 35
3,741 78
3,752 27
11.222 90
7.780 26
4,337 71
3,437 81
2,249 85
1,489 76
476 42 ,
*76.945 85,
$22 46
ISO 40
106 75
184 72
110 28
88 58
81 01
62 OS
91 10
70 91
200 12
269 26
319 48
153 43
174 37
619 27
336 38
212 73
143 08
104 48
68 64
27 51
1,597 04
MORRIS COUNTY.
471
State of New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1896.
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850 00
400 00
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250 00
400 00
2,300 00
700 00
6,000 00
4,800 00
1,800 00
3,800 00
600 00
500 00
$50 00
1,500 00
100 00
500 00
500 00
200 00
345 00
100 00
225 00
400 00
500 00
400 00
265 oe
1,130 00
450 00
6,000 00
2,100 00
1,050 00
500 00
1,300 00
300 00
350 00
2,500 00
1,720 00
$50 00
1,000 00
150 OO
500 00
100 00
125 00
100 00
200 00
200 00
750 00
200 00
800 00
150 00
500 00
1,000 00
1,000 00
545 00
500 00
200 00
200 00
50 00
$100 00
4,000 00
1,100 00
1,000 00
1,412 00
200 00
470 00
600 00
425 00
1,400 00
2,075 00
1,000 00
3,365 00
2,690 00
950 00
15,500 00
9,620 00
3,395 00
4,800 00
2,100 00
1,997 23
400 00
$615 35
7,705 59"
4,079 43
5,643 87
4,289 25
2,591 55
3,012 48=
2,830 64
2,713 61
3,634 76
6,308 51
7,905 38
10,836 56-
7,778 39
5,094 52
31,095 70
22,141 2«
10,278 44
8,380 89
4,493 Se
4,697 64
986 05
$25,400 00 $18,265 00
$6,614 23
$8,320 00
$58,599 23
$157,113 71
472
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Report of Attendance for the County of MORRIS, State of
S
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CITIES.
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Boonton
Chatham
Chester
Hanover ,
Jefferson
Mendbam
MontvlUe
Morris
Mt. Olive
Passaic
Pequannock
Randolph
Rockaway
Roxbury
Washington
Morristown
Dover
Boonton Borough....
Madison
Rockaway Borongh
Netcon^
Mt. Arlington
9
9.88
10
9.83
9.28
9.58
9.6
9.8
9.2
9.75
9.55
9.S
9.8
9.9
9.48
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9.84
21
200
213
249
179
145
156
115
133
141
274
366
464
282
324
545
576
229
190
160
157
20
6,139
20
148
171
237
163
130
124
131
141
127
242
295
422
274
250
580
559
264
216
161
131
29
41
348
384
486
342
275
280
246
274
268
516
661
8S6
556
574
1,125
1,135
493
406
321
288
49
9,954
130
968
433
2,282
620
595
1,322
520
1,275
881
971
1,.570
1,118
1,168
2,469
512
439
587
989
31
418
32
19,320
MORRIS COUNTY.
473
New Jersey y for the School Year Ending June SOth, 1895.
^3
7* bo
3^3
«s
<s.
.72
.61
.24
.96
.47
.51
1.37
.53
1.15
.75
.56
.59
.35
.53
1.23
.13
.11
.26
.49
.02
.41
.16
.48
28.6
23.2
.565
240.2
209.2
.60
264
237
.617
326
258
.53
189.6
162.5
.473
161.3
134.4
.487
165.5
133
.475
156
140
.569
178.5
153.5
.56
151
123
.459
352
290
.562
3%. 8
336.3
.50
603.5
485.7
.548
354.1
300.8
.54
366
286
.494
927
858
.762
853
764.5
.674
400
.350
.71
302
262
.645
243.2
216.8
.675
205. o
180
.625
31.5
28.5
.581
895.3
5,932.5
.596
24
226
228
272
202
137
210
157
156
157
323
440
565
338
363
739
726
284
264
158
114
39
17
104
135
202
130
137
70
88
115
111
192
204
304
218
211
302
347
161
114
133
114
10
3,419
18
108
170
249
120
112
107
81
143
129
178
247
279
164
229
1
2
6
3
G
12
4
3
2
4
2
3
5
2
4
3
3
6
3
5
9
4
12
4
6
3
7
2
23
3
19
1
10
1
9
1
5
1
4
1
51
153
.450 00
85 00
48 14
51 48
42 50
46 50
39 68
51 66
50 00
58 00
75 00
50 97
44 56
145 00
83 33
130 00
150 00
90 00
85 00
?63 69
$41 66
31 46
37 01
34 17
33 75
41 29
34 33
36 00
38 33
36 66
41 16
43 12
33 83
37 31
55 85
47 48
44 75
51 11
44 00
32 50
45 00
$43 70
474
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Financial Report for the County of OCEAN, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
1^
Hog
55
<ii
53
if
EhS
<1 OS
ATX
Bay Head
Beach Haven
Berkeley
Brick
Dover
Eagleswood
Island Heights
Jackson
Lacey
Lakewood
Little Egg Harbor
Manchester
Oc«an
Plumstead
Point Pleasant Beach
Stafford
Union
?370 00
370 00
742 17
3,160 83
3,496 61
746 18
371 51
3,386 44
1,366 90
1,780 45
2,278 41
2,163 68
702 18
1,859 47
520
1,154 34
1,382 29
$25,851 68
$46 76
232 66
660 08
1,311 99
2,123 45
345 41
487 76
37 15
455 44 1
18,233 43
1,661 00
1,301 57
333 44
388 74
2,425 24
600 00
1,152 49
$31,796 61
.«i2,055 00
36006
140 00
31 40
$416 76
602 66
1,402 25
4,472 82
5,620 06
1,091 59
859 27
3,423 59
1,822 34
22,068 88
3,939 41
3,765 25
1,035 62
2,248 21
3,085 46
1,785 74
2,534 78
$361 21
405 00
810 00
3,350 00
4,729 07
914 73
330 00
2,849 92
1,341 25
4,940 00
2,728 22
2,348 60
935 00
1,906 04
1,485 00
1,312 83
1,649 98
$18 75
58 02
42 00
388 36
323 84
63 70
38 21
204 32
65 15
639 SS
230 27
331 91
44 37
115 56
144 05
103 17
121 51
$5 10
2 15
65 13
284 09
21 73
40 38
185 16
8,616 30
344 Oft
218 38
240 60
338 34
159 93
?2,526 40 $60,174 69 $32,196 85 $2,933 07 1 $10,551 3.>
OCEAN COUNTY.
475
New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
O OS
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CC 3
83
IJ14 40
18 28
70 95
242 23
215 46
36 OO
27 38
230 67
93 98
641 82
68 89
124 14
28 29
145 48
111 48
31 40
108 69
?399 46
483 45
997 28
4,230 59
5,601 76
1,058 39
849 22
3,334 98
1,722 34
21,807 84
3,674 23
3,536 81
1,032 66
2,167 08
2,585 37
1.785 74
2,471 61
?8 79
?8 51
119 21
401 97
242 23
15 30
33 20
6 75
18
100 00
1*17 so-
ng 21
$9 20
404 97
$250 00
37 40
13 73
242 2S
14 90
8 50
15 30
s'so
88 43
33 20
i'lis 25
10 05
13 10
15 00
36 97
21 80
689 84
61 91
88 61
lOO OO
6,250 00
:J261 04
"""97"48
261 04
233 44
7 44
20 20
265 18
130 96
15
81 13
360 09
265 18
493 53
i'si
228 44
25 00
2 96
81 13
500 W
9 00
95 24
140 00
500 09
213 33
218 17
63 17
63 IT
18,103 60
f97 34
f 1,450 06
|2,209 54
857,741 81
S103 33
$1,831 03
$498 52
$2,432 ?8-
476
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Moneys for the County of OCEAN,
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
Is
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Ma
083
S3
SB
s5
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<! Cos
Bay Head
Beach Haven
Berkley
Brick
Dover
Eagleswood
Island Heights
Jackson
Lacey
Lakewood
Little Egg Harbor
Manchester
ocean
Plumstead.
Point Pleasant Beach..
Stafford
Vnion
$8 79
3 30
88 43
^103 33
§8 51
119 21
404 97
242 23
15 30
33 20
6 71
18
100 00
265 18
130 96
15
81 13
360 09
63 17
$1,831 03
$261 04
97 48
140 "OO
iJ431 41
281 00
666 12
2,412 78
3,195 01
1,042 98
288 24
2,824 35
1,066 12
2,621 89
2,552 05
2,268 59
998 80
1,513 42
691 13
1,326 85
1,390 49
52 ^25,566 23',
^U 50
10 22
33 57
102 54
125 53
30 65
11 13
104 00
33 57
78 46
9-1 8S
.59 12
24 45
64 77
29 20
41 24
49 27
$904 lol
OCEAN COUNTY.
47T
State of New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1896.
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1520000
200 00
575 00
650 00
4,100 00
560 00
300 00
1,000 00
610 43
1,679 66
3,407 55
7,435 84
1,666 83
575 00
250 00
1,500 00
310 00
150 00
1,000 00
$400 00
2,124 00
250 00
476 00
130 00
$20 00
4,016 96
1,199 69
14,011 39
4,771 11
4,456 15
1,411 21
2,209 32
3,250 58
1,173 09
2,788 93
5,000 00
900 00
6,050 00
459 00
440 00
SO 00
11,050 00
1,859 00
1,900 00
390 00
550 00
2,030 16
805 00
1,286 00
100 00
100 00
400 00
500 00
250 00
550 00
860 00
60 00
966 00
630 16
225 00
186 00
500 00
130 00
450 00
730 00
400 00
$11,454 00
$2,017 16
*7.949 00
$6,035 00
$27,455 16
$56,358 37
478
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Report of Attendance Jor the County of OCEAN, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
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Bay Head
Beach Haven
Berkeley
Brick
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Island Heights
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Lacey
Lakewood
Little Egg Harbor
Manchester
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Plumstead
Point Pleasant Beach,
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Union
9
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272
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238
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185
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227
209
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197
222
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137
297
10
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81
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8.7
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116
229
8.2
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100
223
8.5
2,36.5
2,169
4,534
5,148
5,057
14,267
43,044
68,586
8,700
7,3.54
41,659
14,557
38,430
50,721
27,709
1,479
24,3.52
21,019
24,930
25,810
412,822
1,278'
793
1,777:
10,003
12,223 1
2,291 1
1,565
7,478 5
2,279 3
6,009
8,831
4,779
989
5,175
8,791
4,228' 1
8,930,
87,419'
11
176
69
274
3,0.59
2,li!7
181
515
1,869
174
1,421
2,743
1,230
177
423
130
945
2,,S07
18,360
OCEAN COUNTY.
479
2few Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
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1.69
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1.36
3.15
1.18
34
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281
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325
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171
128
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113
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166
139
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171
145
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3,165
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42
30
61
318
328
122
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274
101
220
291
252
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179
102
115
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1,703 142
20
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$40 00
44 72
55 83
54 10
50 00
44 44
42 00
65 33
30 00
38 33
75 00
34 26
53 25
j48 36
$45 00
36 94
37 50
26 09
36 66
36 40
21 48
61 20
34 34
41 11
2^ 00
38 61
37 50
30 00
39 42
$39 04
480
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Financial Report for the County of PASSAICf State oj
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
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Acquackanonk
Little Falls
Manchester
Pompton
Wayne
West Milford...
Passaic
Paterson
«;3,435 55
2,345 07
5,085 71
4,016 83
2,400 69
4,326 41
18,064 51
106,429 12
$146,103 89
.'J5,446 86
1,912 5fi
4,720 32
534 17
1,702 51
470 00
44,523 06
89,570 88
I5!148,880 36
J2,078 92
143 05
31,637 79
4,379 19
889 48
392 86
65,231 99
^104,753 28
$10,961 33
4,400 68
41,443 82
8,930 19
4,992 68
5,189 27
62,587 57
261,231 99
:f399,737 53
.*5,150 00
2,500 00
5,980 00
4,121 02
3,000 00
4,188 35
26,56.-) 56
145,621 75
197,076 68
*756 10
226 01
891 29
175 23
238 24
174 99
4,363 81
20,361 46
$27,190 03
^660 84
333 28
18,727 03
4,132 00
348 74
430 50
12,040 34
43,924 14
*80,596 87:
PASSAIC COUNTY.
481
New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June SCth, 1895.
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368 16
I«il84 99
39 05
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289 20
146 75
103 88
9,689 43
10,593 00
{i9,007 36
3,777 59
28,237 38
8,717 45
4,419 35
5,082 64
62,587 57
233,653 07
$1953 97
$1,953 97
623 09
677 00
$14 38
89 56
99 24
$608 71
1,051 65
112 50
573 33
66 28
1,518 00
21 65
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13,206 44
212 74
638 00
23 30
24 32
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4,552 27
11,660 80
573 33
160 00
40 35
106 63
3,287 50
.?2,088 76
1,488 92
22,058 86
4,646 39
873 67
27,578 92
$7,875 35
$83 40
f3,577 68 §17,304 85
121,777 55
$355,482 41 '$22,302 39
$7 058 8G
14893 87
$44,255 n
31
482
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Moneys for the County of PASSAICy
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
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Acquackanonck. ,
Little Falls ,
Manchester
Pompton
Wayne
WestMUford
Passaic...
Paterson
.414 38
89 56
99 24
40 35
"22i058"86
f 22,302 39
ijooy 71
l.O.il 65
112 50
573 33
66 28
4,646 39
?7.058 86
$1,953 97
12,065 23
1 00
873 67
$14,893 87
$4,281 29
;2,146 86
5,074 26
3,061 53
2,371 20
4,320 24
21,740 59
113,098 04
$1.56,094 01
$29 97
19 40
41 39
21 05
16 87
27 Co
151 80
853 96
$1,162 09
PASSAIC COUNTY.
483
State of New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1896.
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1,000 00
i.'iMob
565 56
122 06
$1,400
4,150
1,150
25
300
200
12,042
.*2,050 00
1,125 00
2,218 00
1,500 00
900 CO
679 00
3,287 50
^1,400 00
1,600 00
600 00
1,100 00
20,603 46
49,877 94
.*8,850 00
5,275 00
11,093 00
1,525 00
2,600 00
1,979 00
62,498 81
91,000 00
$15,394 52
4,000 00
iJIS.llS 2S
8,064 35
44,809 61
8,820 32
5,561 40
6,433 52
84,391 m
232,530 9Z
178,612 61
:J19,267 291 iJU,759 50
$75,181 40
^19,394 52
^05,7% SS
484
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Report of Attendance for the County of PASSAIC, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
S5
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Acquackanonck
Little Falls
Manchester
Pompton
Pompton Lakes
Wayne
West Mllford
Passaic
Paterson
9.1S
293
262
9.16
164
175
10.00
423
405
9.01
244
249
10
40
42
9.19
176
167
9.01
33.5
285
9.19
1,435
1,503
10
7,064
6,969
9.41
10,174
10.057
555
3391
828
4931
82
343
620
2,938
14,033
20,231
55,.520
10,546
25,126
16,644
94,200
15,000
47,700
11,300
10,000
400
41,175
2,928
54,900
14,040
358,497
46,299
1,933,000
213,000
2,620,118
3W,157
1,42S
1,850
1,583
631
183
1,402
1,903
10,479
12,448
31,90Z
PASSAIC COUNTY.
4S5
New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
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13.43
10
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235
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328
52
225
383
2,212
10,730
15,074
360
9.34
193
11.12
471
8.67
265
6.5.5
50
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241
4.06
305
9.37
1,959
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9,665
.69
13,509
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374
233
680
3.50
61
215
411
1,.593
10,877
14,794
181
100
148
137
21
125
192
1,192
2,667
4,763
151
53
181
72
21
103
173
52
240
1,046
1
10
2
2
6
5
4
4
1
1
4
5
7
2
54
20
262
42
348
$70 00
82 50
70 00
54 75
60 00
55 00
39 71
105 00
135 00
$97 08
$46 47
42 50
2.S 88
35 24
52 50
36 69
45 32
48 00
$46 91
486
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Financial Report for the County of SALEM, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
City of Salem
Slsinboro
li. Alloways Creek.
LiOwer Penns Neck,
Jtfannington
Pilesgrove
Alloway
Quinton
Oldmans
Upper Penns Neck.
Upper Pittsgrove....
Pittsgrove
Woodstown
Pennsgrove
Elmer
1^
fl o 3
$9,587 74
1,742 19
2,350 34
3,036 Ifi
5,747 37
2,912 92
4,97fi 2^
2,191 47
3,688 52
2,205 31
4,265 77
4,573 67
3,096 80
2,099 25
1,750 63
^ u
3^
2a
0 o
iS7,297 89
466 00
700 00
1,000 00
1,382 00
1,683 39
1,214 15
550 00
1,343 62
515 00
1,146 72
789 40
1,160 10
724 34
739 52
!j54,224 37 1 $20,71213
li
a I
32
<2
$603 68
254 4fi
300 00
350 00
1,047 00
1,200 00
2,000 00
1,193 80
1,300 45
1,000 00
1,050 00
:i!l7,489 31
2,462 65
3,350 34
4,036 Ifi
7,129 37
1,946 31
7,237 38
2,741 47
6,232 14
2,720 31
7,412 49
6.556 87
5.557 35
3,823 59
3,540 15
1 10,299 391 f 85,235 89 |43,724 35
^,652 50
1,043 00
1,899 71
2,286 38
3,334 78
3,026 25
3,194 95
1,657 12
2,781 41
1,600 00
3,429 25
3,247 00
2,792 00
2,165 00
1,615 00
,419 68
109 71
125 09
167 60
194 01
207 01
219 66
120 13
164 42
109 60
256 11
223 69
195 92
185 15
192 50
^f
<!2
*574 57-
92 35
106 92
161 96
172 62
173 31
220 87
158 43
1,319 31
00 33
212 4r
61 01
69 38:
?3,890 28 $5,333 48-
SALEM COUNTY.
487
New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
5-"
si
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203 00
414 95
79 26
$75 05
3 05
20 00
5 30
1,030 00
1,737 00
1,018 50
1,401 39
1,481 35
1,021 00
1,029 03
112,665 64
20 35
9 95
fl57 00
$1,892 90
272 45
389 24
588 08
1,006 44
732 47
638 22
368 29
605 94
259 25
492 08
454 86
681 95
218 39
402 72
$9,003 28
$572 45
84 53
161 51
109 82
176 91
146 97
231 63
30 00
144 58
208 27
290 77
213 17
121 08
25 00
36 75
$2,553 44
$17,437 31
1.805 04
3,100 47
3,413 10
4,890 06
4,286 01
5,538 73
2,175 54
5,612 13
2,187 07
6.806 02
5,600 44
5,504 67
3,675 55
3,345 33
$75,877 47
$616 23
215 54
582 18
2,218 58
1,561 62
449 22
620 01
495 71
580 41
956 43
4 25
28 13
$36 92
34 33
40 88
20 73
660 30
137 03
116 71
37 53
15 93
52 68
143 79
145 72
? 1,442 55
$52 00
4 46
20 97
$87 56
$52 OO
657 61
249 87
623 06
2,239 31
660 3»
1,698 65
565 93
620 01
533 24
606 47
956 43
52 68
148 04
194 82
$9,858 42
488
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Moneys jor ike Ckmnty of SALEM,
a
L^
a.
X
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.^9,588 34
1,124 18
2,325 10
$466 98
50 34
$616 IK
215 54
S36 92
34 33
106 46
Lower Penns Neck
582 18
2,218 58
40 88
20 73
2,358 30
3,476 22
10« 56
157 90
660 30
2,940 90
3,302 78
1,879 42
3,013 94
1,423 78
3,540 10
3,715 26
126 60
AUoway
1,561 62
137 03
160 38
Quinton
449 22
116 71
83 SO
820 01
495 71
133 42
59 64
Upper Penns Neck
37 53
Upper Plttsgrove
580 41
15 93
10 13
145 20
Pittsgrove
956 43
180 22
52 68
143 79
2,727 62
2,158 30
125 36
109 56
Pennsgrove.
4 25
Elmer.„
28 13
145 72
20 97
1,736 62
88 88
|8,32S 31
$1,442 &5
*87 56
145,308 86
|2,104 00
SALEM COUNTY.
489
State of New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1896.
o ^
$64 76
2 =
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1574 57
75 00
250 00
100 00
150 00
60 00
150 00
75 00
300 00
100 00
85 00
50 00
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$3,250 16
397 00
630 00
575 00
^ o
$100 00
200 00
200 00
250 00
225 00
225 00
350 00
500 00
140 00
550 00
375 00
400 00
190 00
125 00
*6,504 00
265 00
550 00
350 00
650 00
500 00
475 00
425 00
SOO 00
265 00
1,100 00
1,047 00
1,400 00
510 00
900 00
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100 00
50 00
250 00
llo 00
100 00
300 00
125 00
250 00
175 00
370 00
160 00
150 00
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$16,609 32
2,097 13
3,231 43
3,440 92
6,523 43
4,227 80
5,636 81
2,953 85
4,567 37
2,281 66
5,391 77
5,898 91
4,305 66
2,925 90
2.920 32
$239 76
$1,969 57 $4,852 16l $3,830 00
$15,741 00 $4,849 51
$73,012 23
490
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Report of Attendance for the County of SALEM, State of
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City of Salem
Elsinboro
Jj. Alloways Creek.
Lower Penns Neck
ManningtOD
Pilesgrove
Alloway
(Juinton
Oldmans
Upper Penns Neck
Upper Plttsgrove...
Pittsgrove
Woodstown
Pennsgrove
Elmer
10
606
9
70
9.5
163
10.1
156
9.4
235
9.53
195
9.1
237
9.3
134
9.2
212
10
100
9.3
217
9
272
9.5
189
10
167
9.5
124
9.5
3,077
614
68
128
165
175
166
202
100
198
88
202
215
185
149
140
1,220
138
291
321
410
361
439
234
410
188
419
487
374
316
264
181,016
13,618.5
30,141.5
31,828
35,490
36,169
39,134.5
22,239
40,468
18,177
40,839.5
41,879.5
.38,055.5
42,762.5
27,970
5,872 1 639,698.5
92,119.5
1,661
392
81»
1,98»
787
1,018
2,696
899
3,785
S6S
2,675
3,168
1,021
656
1,567
23,701.
SALEM COUNTY.
491
New Jersey y for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
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1,109
92
153
191
311
256
258
172
257
97
250
280
139
268
202
65
46
46
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8
127
3
93
6
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169
12
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129
40
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8
196
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2
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1,634
203
20
54
120
123
166
147
190
80
98
110
261
161
12
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40 00
50 00
57 00
45 83
55 00
60 00
40 00
51 25
45 00
"so'oo
60 00
f .52 95
$38 86
36 11
30 77
35 55
34 76
34 05
42 03
30 41
34 66
40 00
32 93
36 33
48 94
35 oa
36 33
P4 92:
492
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL KEPORT.
Financial Report for the County of SOMERSET, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
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Bedminster
Bernards
Brauchburg
Bridgewater
Franklin
Hillsborough
Montgomery
North Plainfleld
Warren
Bound Brook
East Millstone
N. Plainfleld Borough
■Somerville
■South Bround Brook...
$3,570 20
3,940 24
2,331 46
6,720 99
4,414 10
5,521 55
3,020 81
967 63
2,107 55
2,866 31
1,162 19
6,535 72
6,372 48
1,450 39
$.50,^81 62
$700 00
1,930 23
225 47
2,147 73
1,028 58
754 5^
429 05
390 13
1,105 00
1,800 00
616 00
9,753 43
7,458 51
499 22
.f28,837 8^
$2,592 72
27 00
"2i599 93
11,562 59
9 00
$16,799 62
$4,270 20
5,870 47
2,556 93
11,461 44
5,442 68
6,276 07
3,449 86
1,384 76
3,212 55
7,266 24
1,778 19
16,297 53
25,393 58
1,958 61
$3,199 65
4,286 16
2,289 66
6,151 51
3,962 75
5,345 86
2,897 92
957 13
1,929 09
3,459 01
1,112 46
9 438 00
8,150 00
1,585 83
$96,619 11 $.54,765 03
$226 65
283 08
96 36
234 73
231 92
318 69
140 84
44 00
209 10
204 03
49 73
1,240 .89
722 00
95 60
$183 28
33 05
448 63
513 79
102 40
41 59
235 59
353 27
213 78
347 53
11,546 99
$4,097 62 $14,019 96
SOMERSET COUNTY.
493.
New Jersey J for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
1
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$i500 00
817 55
105 50
743 56
300 00
124 71
104 54
212 42
729 61
620 21
302 02
1,379 71
705 90
150 00
iS;200 00
165 76
6 91
627 84
190 92
250 43
191 14
62 50
76 39
.?4,I26 30
5,749 67
2,531 48
10,624 94
5,199 38
6,156 82
3,381 55
1,317 64
3,198 19
7,117 50
1,752 99
16,160 62
23,730 75
1,958 61
$143 90
$143 90
120 80
jis 84
1120 80
25 45
344 64
23 87
119 25
68 31
67 12
14 36
116 86
25 20
128 53
1,662 83
25 45
t2,418 61
334 75
219 43
$157 11
836 50
243 30
14 73
119 25
39 21
790
68 31
67 12
18 41
14 36
2,480 98
31 88
148 74
75 00
602 14
654 19
114 80
25 20
8,100 00
1,951 67
52 35
8 38
136 91
1,662 83
12 38
♦10,008 88
|101 20
$6,795 73
13,218 02
$93,006 44
$698 08
$2,717 22
$197 37
13,612 «7
491
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Moneys for the County of SOMERSET,
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
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Bedminster
Bernards
Branchburg ,
Bridgewater ,
Kranklin
Hillsborough ,
Montgomery ,
North Plalnfield
"Warren
Bound Brook
East Millstone
N. PlainBeld Borough..
iSomervUle
South Bound Brook
?143 90
334 75
219 43
$120 80
25 45
344 64
23 87
119 25
68 31
67 12
14 36
116 86
25 20
128 53
1,662 83
$2,717 22
$157 11
31 88
"'8"38
|3,389 98
4,258 13
2.200 44
5,690 93
4,293 79
5,608 40
2,939 97
857 35
2,014 72
2,700 68
971 69
7,137 36
6,680 11
1,364 62
$197 37 $50,108 i:
$172 09
244 411
108 2.s!
399 48
226 62 .
303 96 ,
166 68 1
49 50 ,
109 83,.
162 42
61 89 .
404 51 .
376 661.
82 76 .
$2,869 09l.
SOMERSET COUNTY.
495
48tate of New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1896.
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Total amount available for school year
ending June 30th, 1896.
$200 00
300 00
$1,250 00
500 00
150 00
300 00
400 00
150 00
150 00
:«150 00
400 00
600 00
800 00
300 00
600 00
$1,600 00
1,200 00
750 00
1,400 00
850 00
qno nn
$5,305 97
5,823 34
3,084 17
300 00
8,326 91
150 00
5,613 71
ISO 00
6,931 61
150 00
1 00 snT no
3,475 96
200 00
200 00
500 00
100 00
750 00
300 00
150 00
200 00
300 00
1,173 97
100 00
200 00
100 00
2,300 00
2,438 91
500 00
"fsiois'bo
700 00
1,200 00
420 00
10,325 00
2,500 00
335 00
4,211 84
220 00
1,478 78
4,250 00
1,500 00
100 00
18,003 78
11,219 60
85 00
1,782 38
17,820 00
|5,685 00
|3,725 00
?5,051 00
$22,281 00
178^70 93
496
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Report of Attendance for the County of SOMERSEly
^
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Bernards
Branchburg
Bridgewater
Franklin
Hillsborough
Montgomery
North Plainfleld
Warren
Bound Brook
East Millstone
N. Plainfield Borough
Somerville
South Bound Brook...
196
275
155
247
208
323
184
55
106
152
70
420
410
63
2,864
190
251
115
210
156
258
156
51
104
113
50
396
428
57
526
270
457
364
581
340
106
210
265
120
816
838
120
5,899
40,407
49,189
26,835^
53,929
34,234
53,282
36,836
11,399
19,468
40,288
15,172
112,136
112,569
16,160
621,888
9,615
11,041
5,159
8,735
7,637
10,198
6,731
2,0<5
4,245
3,985
1,766
13,171
13,445
1,484
99,2571 69
2,244
1,849
991
532
890
1.845
1,321
390
804
214
128
1,714
2,706
124
15,752:
SOMERSET COUNTY.
497
State of New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
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.17
.32
.54
243
200
.83
307
250
.80
16fi
140
.84
289
252
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211
172
.82
322
269
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219
187
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59
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133
102
.77
210
191
.91
86
75
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652
584
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638
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.88
94
87
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3,639
3,137
.86
228
296!
150,
293
236
346;
181
63
127
151
67
579
538
75
3,330
154
4
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2
119
1
131
33
115
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154
5
34
9
80
3
114
53
193
44
237
63
45
892
177
207
209
132
154
243
323
135
40
115
24
36
16
58
49
1,741
$40 00
60 00
42 89
87 77
46 75
""6o"o6
i'oo'ob
100 00
72 50
60 00
|31 27
35 3a
31 93
50 30
35 75
34 94
41 93
34 50
39 18
42 OO
50 00
50 00
45 00
48 75
:i;4i 1»
32
498
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Financial Report for the County of SUSSEX^ State of
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CITIES.
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Montague....
Sandyston...
Wallpack ...
Stillwater....
Oreen
Byram
Andover
Sparta
Hardyston ..
Vernon
Wantage
Deckertown
Frankford...
Hampton
Newton
Tiafayette ....
$1,434 T.S
2,916 38
1,090 r^i
2,800 00
1,343 24
3,190 85
1,(>8.5 ,55
4,496 20
4,014 77
4,.507 25
6,024 18
896 13
2,222 01
1,399 75
2,975 70
950 00
$41,947 27
100 25
450 00
2,210 84
7^0 00
2,093 71
4,.528 97
929 94
1,000 00
1,449 .35
762 00
211 57
6,818 88
.575 00
1122,217 02
$115 75
250 00
6,086 00
1,600 00
985 95
305 00
2,466 49
265 07
$12,074 2(i
$1,761 24
2,916 38
i;090 53
2,900 25
1,793 24
5,517 44
2,445 55
6,839 91
14,629 74
7,037 19
7,024 18
3,331 43
3,289 01
1,611 32
12,261 07
i.,790 07
$1,257 00
2,381 00
855 00
2,613 25
1,375 65
3,375 75
1,885 75!
4,590 54
5,495 96
4,253 95
5,57.") 00
1,820 00
2,331 00
1,228 50
6,0.50 00
1,360 00
$76,233 55 $46,448 35
$160 22
182 44
107 36
518 70
104 90
203 78
542 90
253 30
364 44
137 53
155 52
83 88
1,047 95
71 05
$3,933 9-
$55 23
119 32
35 95
291 45
285 50
5,283 92
292 73
.59 12
200 00
30 39
311 36
.55 61
SUSSEX COUNTY.
499
New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
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127 93
100 25
79 63
103 58
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218 07
122 26
265 93
65 79
80 69
52 75
259 70
78 03
SI, 605 93
2,661 28
982 93
2,895 94
1,727 16
5,445 19
2,442 26
6,753 80
14,355 36
6,976 82
6,678 20
3,292 73
3,167 21
1,411 50
11,847 37
1,789 46
IJ155 31
$155 31
255 10
1255 10
107 60
4 31
107 60
4 81
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152 23
117 36
800 00
182 76
534 67
472 83
156 97
250 00
15 98
556 18
170 42
66 08
72 25
3 29
86 U
272 07
66 08
1,258 98
72 25
3 29
|;12 80
22 24
86 11
2,631 75
$2 31
60 37
274 38
1,519 91
60 37
345 98
38 70
121 80
142 84
345 98
1,053 32
38 70
150 00
121 80
56 98
199 82
3,583 88
38 30
413 70
413 70
54 35
61
61
;»10,2T4 43l $5110' 1 $3,45160
|2,850 11
174,033 14
f 423 99
$1,305 04
$476 38
$2,205 41
500
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Moneys for the County of SUSSEXp
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
i§
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Montague
Sandyston....
Wallpack ....
Stillwater ....
Green
Byram
Andover
Sparta
Hardyston ...
Vernon
Wantage
Deckertown
Franford
Hampton
Newton
Lafayette
$25d 10
107 60
4 31
$155 31
66 08
72 25
3 29
86 11
272 07
345 98
38 70
121 80
142 84
61
$2 31
60 37
|423 99 *1,S05 04
?1,205 22
1,915 45
791 96
2,314 53
1,086 16
2,100 29
1,433 69
3,331 37
3,853 09
3,529 59
4,352 70
1,233 69
2,181 21
1,196 34
3,605 98
1,089 71
135,220 98
$90 30
114 82
42 76
159 16
63 75
156 00
96 60
207 47
279 12
207 07
212 22
96 60
129 47
88 31
313 15
64 54
$2,321 34
SUSSEX COUNTY.
501
^tate of New Jersey ^ for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1896.
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$125 00
250 00
300 00
2,200 00
900 00
2,691 00
2,800 00
800 00
1,900 00
725 00
500 00
325 00
4,800 00
400 00
?375 00
200 00
100 00
150 00
100 00,
4.50 00
255 00
1,200 00
50 00
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125 00
250 00
2,195 00
275 00
1,575 00
200 00
$125 00
350 00
200 00
700 00
200 00
500 00
1,300 00
100 00
250 00
200 00
75 00
275 00
1,400 00
150 00
?500 00
200 00
225 00
750 00
500 00
4,100 00
1,200 00
3,ti41 00
6,550 00
900 00
2,200 00
1,000 00
850 00
650 00
7,900 00
1,000 00
?1,950 88
2,485 37
1,167 32
3,228 00
1,715 99
6,428 54
2,733 58
7,265 95
10,956 59
4,697 03
7,110 90
2,368 99
3,282 48
2,134 47
12,232 83
2,154 86
?J8,71C 00
?2,180 Ool $i,445 00 |5,325 00
$32,166 00
f71,9l3 73
502
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Report of Attendance for the County of SUSSEX, State of
1
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Frankford...
Hampton ...
Newton
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9.1
9
9.1
9
9.5
9.5
9.7
9
9
10
9.7
9.5
116
140
49
240
67
197
139
247
338
234
279
87
124
64
256
84
2,661
91
126
44
216
73
190
116
234
333
230
244
89
137
86
290
86
2,585
207
266
93
456
140
387
255
481
671
464
523
176
261
150
546
170
19,041
29,614
10,359
42,984
13,821
42,190
26,608
53,395
77,742
45.496
49,964
17,005
29,091
13,741
75,469
18,380
564,900
2,751
1
3,658
13
971
2
7,075
2,127
4
7,126
1
4,543
8,549
7
12,467
6
8,723
1
9,703
8
2,104
1
4,293
8
2,893
1
9,381
24
■2,747
1
89,111
78
559
1,281
258
4,022
582
1,205
866
2,071
1,990
1,749
1,682
6.53
651
848
638
745
19,800.
SUSSEX COUNTY.
503
New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
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3,422
2,951
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3,146
1,893
207
92
34
90
$46 75
|35 78
504
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Financial Report for the County of UNION, State of
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
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53
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Elizabeth
Fanwood
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Plainfleld
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Roselle
Springfield
Summit
Union ,
Westfield
f 474 01
2,198 17
50,678 98
1,797 25
1,349 28
1,339 03
14,725 66
8,943 74
1,380 37
1,287 00
4,505 73
3,333 72
3,703 72
fill 29
5,403 09
34,321 02
4,583 76
3,951 71
1,675 08
39,200 00
9,866 53
4,362 02
1,526 70
13,241 99
6,511 84
9,830 98
?95,716 66 1134,586 01
$55
22
3,876
37
75
19,022
351
422
23,610
133
111
$640 63
7,623 47
88,876 69
6,419 00
5,300 99
3,089 61
72,948 34
19,161 65
5,742 39
3,236 60
41,358 36
9,979 08
13,645 70
.$416 67
4,900 00
59,175 56
3,470 00
2,435 00
2,000 00
33,393 25
14,197 12
3,400 00
1,650 00
7,200 00
6,550 00
8,700 00
$47,719 84 1 $278,022 .51 1 147,487 60 $18,775 96 $30,637 00
$35 47
620 92
7,536 13
465 25
305 88
147 46
4,872 21
1,239 42
402 21
164 15
1,105 27
667 84
1,213 75
$247 80
3,204 85
248 12
625 92
129 23
2,308 19
514 63
70 03
161 92
22,432 12
382 92
311 27
UNION COUNTY.
505
New Jersey J Jor the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895,
B
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23 75
528 80
15 60
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88 65
15 15
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$49 03
620 12
5,523 82
309 87
335 42
84 29
2,862 49
1,336 89
413 42
404 96
1,098 47
823 94
624 97
$20 00
217 90
4,796 00
263 57
218 13
86 75
2,567 51
639 80
125 04
64 59
2,648 69
286 94
418 23
$525 52
6,630 49
83,895 16
6,334 91
4,507 45
2,872 03
52,681 75
18,016 51
4,425 85
3,210 27
35,681 14
8,811 64
13,550 23
$21 87
$37 91
992 98
4,981 53
84 09
793 54
202 58
11,271 40
1,145 14
1,316 54
2 73
3,081 32
1,128 66
95 47
$55 33
$115 U
992 98
$3,130 00
l,5ti2 50
575 00
4,981 53
84 09
793 54
415 90
15 00
8,995 19
217 58
6,506 00
20,266 59
1,145 14
1,316 84
755 25
5 66
17 94
2,595 90
38 78
26 33
487 50
$675 14
5,677 22
100 00
1,167 44
2,250 00
32 01
95 47
f 15,782 15
$944 26
$675 14
$14,487 69
$12,353 15
241,142 95
$27 53
$25,133 89
11718 14
$36,879 56
606
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Moneys for the County of UNION]
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
•21
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0.
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Clark
Cranford
Elizabeth
Fanwood
Linden
New Providence.,
Plainfleld
Rahway
Roselle
SpriDgfield
Summit
■DnioD
Westfield
$21 87
$27 53
$37 91
992 98
4,981 53
84 09
793 54
202 58
11,271 40
1,145 14
1,316 54
2 73
3,081 32
1,128 66
95 47
$26,133 89
$55 33
15 00
8,995 19
17 94
2,595 90
38 78
$480 -6
3,018 70
50,817 41
2,421 58
1,522 78
1,519 79
18,882 39
10»,495 46
1,907 97
1,442 15
4,879 10
4,980 31
4,744 46
$11,718 14 $107,112 86
UNION COUNTY.
507
State of New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1896.
si
s =
s
3 Ml
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$3,000 00
11,182 59
1,700 00
1,300 00
500 00
19,975 00
5,000 00
2,200 00
900 00
3,350 00
3,700 (10
6,500 00
f:5
500
19,000
700
700
400
5,.500
850
600
300
700
2,500
750
1,517 50
7,250 00
375 00
3,450 00
250 00
1,450 00
*25 00
1,500 00
lt!,020 05
900 00
700 00
400 00
23,865 00
4,150 00
700 00
300 00
2,839 00
1,500 00
2,850 00
*50 00
5,000 00
46,202 64
4,817 50
2,700 00
1,300 00
56,590 00
10,000 00
3,500 00
1,875 00
10,339 00
7,950 00
10,550 00
■£§
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cs be
*645 87
9,011 68
102,001 58
7,323 17
5,016 32
3,037 37
95,738 98
21,640 60
6,724 51
3,343 48
20,895 32
14,097 75
15,389 93
158,307 59 !{;32,525 00 f 14,292 50 $55.74905 $160,874 14 I f^04.866 56
* $6,000 paid from city appropriation for interest on general debt, not included in school tax.
^08
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Report of Attendance for the County of UNION, State of
^
•o 2
§1
■o2
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9.15
10
16
164
24
160
40
324
4,113
46,404
915
5,709
184
Cranford
7
1,114
10.1.5
2,805
2,705
5,510
811,810
32,230
26,633
18,779
50,172
3,414
3,440
2,782
150
2,136
767
9.7
10
131
106
128
60
259
166
1
1,115
5«7
New Providence
9.5
89
83
172
Plainfield
9.9
1,059
674
1,077
645
2,136
1,319
295,264
36,669
40
3,647
Rahway
9.75
174,955
22,067
27
1,189
9.4
10
111
113
117
96
228
209
29,418
21,989
44,912
69,186
4,484
3,950
1
1
970
.Springfield
914
Summit
9
10
205
279
189
297
394
576
5,908
9,540
13
19
913
Union
802
Westfield
9.4
289
365
654
91,500
9,884
13
1,179
9.61
6,041
5,946
11,987
1,667,193
158,934
272
15,447
UNION COUNTY.
509^
New Jersey, for the School Year Ending June SOth, 1895.
a u
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1.37
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28
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4,242
181
122
107
1,687
975
180
127
274
392
510
23
230
3,993
167
105
94
1,526
858
157
109
241
347
458
21
211
3,804
167
133
130
1,489
927
147
161
250
405
19
77
36
l,r.54
152
82
10
28
5
35
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477
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3S8
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61
20
25
23
114
30
132
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175
80
3,137
606
8
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4
93
17
1
5
17
1
3
28
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1
25
4
47
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342
24
219
«150 00
180 00
100 00
100 00
56 67
141 25
107 60
80 00
107 50
85 00
130 00
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48 57-
55 67
44 00-
.55 00.
30 00-
58 59
48 26.
65 94
28 33.
58 44
43 18.
57 5a
.498
9,084 8,308
8,244!
$49 33
510
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Financial Report for the County of WARREN, State of
5
S
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52
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2
1
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TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
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Allamuchy
Belvidere
Blairstown
Frelinghuyaen
Franklin
Oreenwich
Harmony ,
Hardwlck
Hope...
Hackettstown ,
Independence
Knowlton
Lopatcong ,
Mansfield
Oxford
Phillipsburg
Pohatcong
Pahaquarry
Washington
Waslungton Borough
§1.397 79
2,073 79
3,569 CO
1,703 47
2,351 07
1,369 05
2,ii29 S3
723 04
2,262 53
3,307 92
1,050 00
2.441 21
2,910 63
2,190 52
5,763 61
11,S58 36
1,716 75
839 68
2,0S5 74
3,951 19
?.56,195 28
$465 41
4,172 47
718 40
451 50
809 88
549 29
141 03
$25 60
953 04
15 00
5,914 90
444 16
244 32
331 12
665 56
2,182 33
20,075 00
1,079 21
50 00
4,339 95
$42,634 53
23 41
9 74
$1,.S80 80
7,199 30
4,303 00
2.1.54 97
3,160 95
1,919 40
2,770 36
723 04
2,262 53
9,222 82
1,494 16
2,685 53
3,241 75
2.879 49
7.9.55 68
33,502 99
2,795 96
889 68
2,085 74
8,291 14
$1,322 50
3,489 00
3,110 00
],.505 00
2,196 63
1,368 00
2,284 00
608 00
1,917 85
5,225 00
945 OO
2,262 12
2,583 75
2,051 15
5,685 00
19,145 .53
1,637 50
747 83
1,800 00
5,500 13
$2,597 48 $101,427 29 $65,383 99 $10,352 94 ?2,341 21
$135
338
357
191
142
64
192
36
231
5S7
86
1.52
177
111
330
6,317
1.50
37
123
586
$362 01
225 99
123 00
156 63
51 38
149 .50
104 97
50 00
69 50
305 74
536 80
205 69
WARREN COUNTY.
511
-New Jersey J for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
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20 40
^169 45
362 60
?97 79
71 13
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6,841 19
3,693 23
1,968 19
2,874 87
1,773 07
2,644 42
673 72
2,195 86
9,087 68
1,446 98
2,655 63
3,019 44
2,802 55
7,762 26
33,024 15
2,615 96
821 64
1,923 86
8,229 74
$129 17
358 11
492 41
80 20
209 05
144 22
$25 60
$154 77
$2,198 03
$102 36
106 58
77 03
1 05
125 94
49 32
66 67
15 00
609 77
186 78
31 34
277 81
190 77
117 32
101 29
87 39
167 67
28 89
46 89
350 57
83 51
24 75
183 39
160 94
155 17
1,529 99
30 00
22 20
10 85
1 06
125 94
49 32
66 67
135 14
2,270 00
504 87
199 28
135 14
28 56
3 32
192 12
25 80
171 35
27 84
18 62
26 58
30 19
27 73
12 33
216 25
29 90
222 31
76 94
193 42
478 84
180 00
68 04
161 88
61 40
25 00
8 98
400 34
1,199 71
3,124 28
592 51
10 80
23 41
9 74
478 84
30 26
55 66
127 60
2,150 00
$92 00
180 00
29 20
3 20
38 84
161 88
1,277 50
865 61
61 40
^8,203 86
?226 21
f 92 00
I»i7,063 76
$4,124 50
$97,788 47
$845 12
$2,240 05
$553 65
$3,638 82
512
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
Apportionment of School Moneys for the County of WARREN^
TOWNSHIPS OR
CITIES.
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Belvldere
Elairstown
Frelinghuysen
Franklin _
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Harmony
Hardwick
Hope
Hackettstown
Independence
Knowlton
Lopatcong
Mansfield
Oxford
Phillipsburg
Pohatcong
Pahaquarry
Washington
Washington Borough..
f 102 36
106 58
77 03
1 05
125 94
49 32
66 67
18 62
26 58
30 19
27 73
12 33
38 84
161 88
f845 li
«;129 17
358 11
492 41
80 20
209 05
144 22
135 14
28 56
3 32
192 12
25 80
171 35
180 00
29 20
61 40
.t2,240 06
.*;25 60
' "isoo
23 41
9 74
478 84
$553 65
i|l,26l 13
2,438 78
3,019 37
1,638 31
2,117 42
1,382 48
2,312 57
608 73
1,986 36
4,018 84
1,068 43
2,302 86
2,881 47
2,027 62
5,388 21
14,089 45
1,803 35
755 33
1,837 83
4,602 31
^7,540 35
WARREN COUNTY.
513
State of Niw Jersey, for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1896.
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300 00
$175 00
628 00
4,550 00
200 00
410 00
550 00
1,250 00
« 1,525 00
2,130 00
8,000 00,
2,000 00,
55 00
345 00
899 40
175 00
103 90
300 00 I 525 00
540 00
750 00
9,925 00 2,075 00
300 00
100 00
1.50 00
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250 00
50 00
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100 00
70 00
700 00
160 00
295 43
300 00
722 50.
300 00
1,500 00
|12,750 00 $27,156 30 f6,977 50 $4,350 43
?250
3,453
4,850
250
410
950
55
345
4,579
275
173
1,525
700
1,045
20,000
600
100
450
11,222
.?1.665 90
6,249 89
8,479 14
2,075 09
2,813 50
2,478 81
2,438 51
713 05
2,398 03
8,733 38
1,390 61
2,506 66
4,628 78
2,804 56
6,627 06
34,568 29
2,583 35
923 37
2,449 21
15,886 21
$51,234 23 I $112,413 40
33
§14
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL KEPORT.
Report of Attendance for the County of WARREN, State of
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84
155
195
105
82
162
185
99
166
317
380
204
17,047
47,799.5
39,694
20,351.5
1,661
4,237.5
4,737.5
2,883
1
4
11
430
720
1,140
1.128
10
9.5
9. 95
9.5
9
10
161
101
192
25
143
294
181
105
140
28
147
257
342
206
332
53
290
551
34,792
22,416.5
29,370
5,658 .5
30,248
78,219.5
6,755
2,847
7,012.5
1,304.5
3,161.5
10,355.5
3
999
202
6
643
164
3
18
976
Hackettstown
167
Independence
9
94
100
194
19,888
2,186
14
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Knowlton
8.93
177
165
342
33,276.5
5,130.5
1
1,235
9.41
9.75
10
221
151
412
211
129
433
432
280
845
51,701
28,304.5
93,856
5,895
4,366.5
16,629
2
3
403
613
Oxford
900
PhiUipsburg
10
797
S7S
1,675
265,^00
17,200
79
1,251
9.5
8.9
163
36
135
30
298
66
35,586
6,104
5,312
1,169
398
475
10
146
118
264
29,567
4,912
316
Washington Borough
10
379
396
775
108,358
12,181.5
13
699
9.53
4,031
3,981
8,012
997.637.5
119.936.5
160
13,037
WARREN COUNTY.
515
New Jersey^ for the School Year Ending June 30th, 1895.
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2,906
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1.569
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APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
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BVRI^IKOTON.
Burlington-
Males
Females
3 , \i
\ 1
! 4.
"3-
e
j 1
^ i
5 0
a"
0
H
id
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i h
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4
BURLINGTON COUNTY.
531
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111 ^
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5
Hi a
3
532
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
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216
173
389
338
331
2.56
259
515
234
215
449
639
643
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in-j-
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0
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5 1
11
Total
Pemberton—
Males
Females
Total
Southamptou—
Males
Females
1 iis
111
3
! 1
1 1
c
■■V
5«
3'
BURLINGTON COUNTY.
533
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534
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
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Total
lleverly City-
Males
Females
^
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1
lag
1
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BUELINGTON COUNTY.
535
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636
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
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545
519
1064
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887
838
1725
1160
1249
529
479
1008
516
543
1059
1094
1143
2237
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8
CAMDEN.
Camden City— 1st Ward-
Males
Females
1
1
0
s
in
0
1
ll
cc
3
■a
1
1
i
1
1
3
1
a
1
CAMDEN COUNTS.
537
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t>iC (M
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538
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
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COUNTIES, TOWNSHIPS
AND BOROUGHS.
0 •
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a
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: 33
5&H
t
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ill
1
Total
Delaware —
Males
1 =s
K
i
CAMDEN COUNTY.
53^
1
1
1
1 i
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APPENDIX TO SCHOOL EEPORT.
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658
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5tli Aldermanie District—
Males
Females
3
HUDSON COUNTY.
659
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2429
2483
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1848
6063
6078
12141
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64
135
339
327
666
76
69
145
148
129
277
222
147
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COUNTIKS, TOWNSHIPS
AND BO HOUGHS.
HiKlnoii— Con.
Harrison— 1st Ward-
Males
Females
i
1 iai
Total
3d Ward-
Males
Females
Total
4tli Ward-
Males
Females
3
c
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5
3
HUDSON COUNTY.
561
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36
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562
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
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Lebanon-
Males
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i 1
1
1
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Frenclitowu—
Males
Females...
1
HUNTERDON COUNTY.
563
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564
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MONMOUTH COUNTY.
575
j •s»}nni-jTOp
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COUNTIES, TOWNSHIPS
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5
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APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
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539
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821
693
682
1375
214
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COUNTIKS, TOWNSHIPS
AND BOKOUCiUS.
OIorri«— Con.
MontviUe—
Male.s
Females
Total
Pe<iuannock —
Males
Females
'1
r
1-
a
ii
Total
Rockaway Borough—
Male.s
Female.s
Total
Mount Arlington-
Males
Females
i
MORRIS COUNTY,
583
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584
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
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585
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APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
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PASSAIC COUNTY.
587
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459
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889
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1934
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398
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252
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546
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681
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COUNTIKS, TOWNSHIPS
ANt) BOROUGHS.
P
<:
i
3
Total
I'assaic-1"!f Ward—
Males
Females
Total
2d Ward-
Males
is
a
5 1 i
9
1
3
Total
4th Ward-
Males
it
3_
■588
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
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COUNTTKS, TOWNSHIPS
AND BOROUGHS.
Passaic— Con.
Passaic-
Males
Females
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1
J:
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a
c
1
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1
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3
PASSAIC COUNTY.
589
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APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
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ni pejfonliua oau jo saisal
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01 jaAO aajpiiqD jo jaqcnnii
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•aSB JO sjBaX n puB gx
naaMjaq najpnqo jo jaqmnjj
•aSB JO SJBaX £X PUB zx
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•aSB JO BJBaX zx pnB xx
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•aSB JO sJBaX XI pnB ox
naaALiaq najpiiqo jo jagtanjj
•aSB JO sJBaX 01 pnB 6
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•aSB JO siBaX 6 pa's 8
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naaMiaq najpiigo jo jaqmrnj
•a3B JO sjBaX i poB 9
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•a3B JO sJBaX 9 pnB 9
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591
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APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
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•paiunp
•ovAnn uaipima jo jeqtnnk
•sajois JO sauiin 'sauojoBf
ni peXoiiltns eSB jo saue^C
91 japiin uajpiiqa Jo Jaqtnnfj
•p^aj o? aiqBun sSv jo si^aX
01 jaAO najpuqo jo jaqgrofj
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-pnau'8 naapiiqa jo jaqcanM
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naaiU.}aq najpiiqa jo aaqratiK
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•a&B JO sjtja^J 81 pu'B n
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'a&B JO sj'BaX ox pnB 6
naaAi:)aq uajpuqo jo jaqranK
•aSB JO sj'Ba^ 6 pu'B 8
naaMiaq uajpinp jo jaqmnM
•aS'B JO sjTsaX 8 puB t
naaMiaq najpiup fcrjaqraiiN:
•aS'B JO sj'BaX i puB 9
naaMiaq uajpiigo jo jaqrotijj
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88
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594
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL EEPORT.
1
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M I I
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-aq uajpiiqa Jo jaqtnnn iBjOi
200
224
424
321
292
613
163
139
302
531
495
1026
165
144
309
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£?5
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Total
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Males
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SOMERSET COUNTY.
595
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596
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
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najpuqo paJOioo jo jaqmnii
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•sdjojs JO eanini 'aauojo^j
nj pa^Coidraa aSB jo sjuel
ex Jtapnn najpjiqa jo" jaqninij
•pwaj o} aiqBnn aSB jo sdvaS.
01 jaAO najpijqo jo jaqmnij
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naaMiaq aajpiiqo jo jaqninM
•aSB jo sjBaii 91 puB si
naaM^aq najpnqo jo jaqtnn^
■aSB JO sjBa^C 91 pnB \.\
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•aSB JO sjBaA' M puB 81
naaAiiaq uaapijqo jo .laqcun^
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uaaMiaq uajpnqo Jo jaquinx;
•aSB JO SJBBA 7,1 pnB TI
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•aSB JO sjBa^'L XX P"^ 01
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•aSB JO s.iBa^f ox P"T! 6
naaMjaqluajpnqo jo aaqiun sj
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naaMxaq uajpnqo Jo jaqiunx
•aSB JO siBaX 8 ptiB L
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597
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0
SUSSEX.
Montague-
Males
Females
i
0
1 i^
Us
fll
c
03
Total
Wall pack-
Males
Females
Total
Stillwater—
Males
Females
Total
(jreen—
ftlales
Female.s
3
El
598
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
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APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
CHILDREN ATTENDING NO SCHOOL— ATLANTIC
COUNTY.
COUNTIES, TOWNSHIPS ;
AND BOROUGHS.
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ATIiANTIC.
Atlantic City
AbsecoD
Egg Harbor City
Hammonton
Somers Point
Brigantine
Pleasantville
Llnwood
Galloway
Egg Harbor ,
Weymouth ,
Buena Vista
Hamilton
Mullica
South Atlantic City
Total for county....
102 86
3 6
43 19
1 1
26 19
2 1
1 1
5 3
... 2
201 1431 56
38' 24' 21 1 20'
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117
40
1
241' 1125
BERGEN COUNTY.
615
CHILDREN ATTENDING NO SCHOOL— BERGEN
COUNTY.
COUNTIES. TOWNSHIPS
AND BOROUGHS.
□
a)
rt
a>
XI
a
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be
03
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BEReEN.
Ridgefleld
Eiiglewood
Palisade
Washington
Harrington
Midland
New Barbadoes
Bergen
Union
Saddle River
Ridgewood
■Franklin
Orvll
Hobokus
Teaneck
Rutherford Borough
East Rutherford Borough
Delford
CressklU
Westwood
Park Ridge.
Tenafly
Eastwood
Riverside
Bergenfield
May wood
Carlstadt
fchraalenburgh
Hasbrouck Heights
Midland Park
Montvale
Little Ferry
Woodcliff
Glen Rock
Old Tappan
Allendale
Undercliff
Leonia
Saddle River Borough
Upper Saddle River
Lodi
Fairview
Wood ridge
Wallington
Clitfside Park
Bogota
Ridgefleld
Fort Lee 29, 12
Englewood 40| 23
Total for county..
.ifi.'? 2R1 101
li
2
5
1
4.
13
1
79
44
38
.52
161
8.5
251
54
.'5
V!59
73
99
134
41
102
138
37
27
40
36
106
7
21
29
180
14
31
145
10
57
5
"26
35
26
27
7
8
108
36
40
16
124
192
.575I 692
616
APPENDIX TO 8JHX)L REPORT.
CHILDREN ATTENDI.^3- NO SCHOO -i-BURLINQTON
COUNTY.
-
-
-
-
3
5
a
3
a
a
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■Odi
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COUNriBXJ, TOWNSHIPS
•5«
a i
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?* So
1^*
13 O
an
aW)
■3 O
It
c5?
■a o
a M>
tt
i!
a yi
^ 0;
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AN'D BOROUolHS.
j =
.G ^
h°
xi°
ai:
3 £
2 £
2£
2-i
ali
!a £
3 £
^-
••- 1'
%- ^
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:» *
5« a*
=- y
an
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= ai
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OaS
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0 -^
C "*•
c •'•
o -^
5 5
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fc.*
M-^
SJcc
(D-i
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0, —
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-a -3
3"i
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B'i
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gs
3 ^
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K^
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t-i
BIIRL.INUTON.
Burliu^'ton
1
22
25
1
10
11
10
22
1
20
45
5
15
16
10
43
1
5
'
......
1
3
1
1
""1
1
4
1
1
\
9
4
1
8
3
2
8
24
9
3
16
7
4
21
Mausfield
130
Id
Beverly
Ciniiaminsoii
9
5
5
22
1
5
5
2
4
... .^
1
3
"2
■■■"2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
6
2
2
f
1
72
55
1
4
40
139
4
t;UHsier
Willingboro
Wctlampton
1
1
1
1
3
3
2
1
S
8
24
1
3
10
6
1
1
5
1
3
3
3
8
18
23
3
3
15
8
1
'2
1
S
3
3
lU
18
34
8
4
21
7
EascampCoa
6
11
6
2
%
9
19
49
15
Springfield
19
12
3
7
21
22
51
1
2
2
3
4
8
19
2
1
'" "i
2
3
5
1
1
1
1
3
I
8
1
1
1
1
""i
2
10
39
Chesterfield
3
6
1
1
••■•7
1
' i
1
6
I
i
1
1
6
1
1
2
2
1
1
3
3
IS
1
1
10
i
38
20
25
70
105
253
Korthampton
Mount Laurel
Kvesham
Medford
7
15
15
1
4
9
6
1
■ ■■■3
49
""s
14
17
12
2
4
5
"2
19
19
"\
J
141
"3
i
1
'"l
1
1
2
i
'i
1
28
92
52
4
Woodland
M'asliineton
4
Bass River
1
19
5
6
1
2
5
I
60
14
5
11
5
11
21
4
60
64
6
12
12
14
26
2
80
155
7
21
13
37
28
15
Burlington City
99
91
20
16
32
17
12
i
1
41
7
2
1
1
7
9
30
14
6
2
3
5
461
Birdentown City
418
Fieldsborouf^h
' "i
"""1
18
95
68
Beverly City
Kiverton
Palmyra
Kiverside
124
119
29
27
44
Total for rrilir^tv
fi2
125
232
377
561
2623
CAMDEN COUNTY.
617
CHILDREN ATTENDING NO SCHOOL— OAMDEN
COUNTY.
a
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CAMDEN.
Camden City
923
(,h\
3m' 203
146' 110
115
125' 222
420
535' 686
894
5367
Oloucester City
62, 30
15; 3
5 9
6
10; 13
24 66 69
76
388
1
2
37 It
.....J ....^
""5
1
9 14
1! 1 4
44 67 79
15
117
23
Stockton
57, 62
519
33 22
7 4 3' 2
'i '
4 8 12
31
137
II
23 i2
•6 ••••■3 ••2
2
1
i' 2
4 7
12
18
93
5 2
16 S
26 8
21 12
2
...... ... .^|.....^
1
1
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
5
6
1
1
3 i
5 11
6
1 9
4
5
25
7
7
2
17
2rf
13
28
6
43
Waterford
1 1
4 2
2 1
1
3
1
102
80
Haddonfield
87
1
16
Total for county
1168 1 SOS
409 2.^1
171
138
133
157
270
506' 715
908
1244
6855
618
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
CHILDREN ATTENDING NO SCHOOL— CAPE MAY
COUNTY.
COUNTIES, TOWNSHIPS
AND BOROrGHS,
a
a
a
fl
g
fl
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as
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CAPE MAY.
Upper ,
Dennis
Middle
Lower
West Cape May
Cape May City
Cape May Point
Ocean City
Sea Isle City
Holly Beach
Anglesea
Avalon
Total for county .
.... 2
2 1
15 7
4| 6
14 16
7 1
CUMBERLAND COUNTY.
619
CHILDREN ATTENDING- NO SCHOOL— CUMBERLAND
COUNTY.
COUNTIES, TOWNSHIPS 5^
AND BOROUGHS.
"2
0) =
^S
^ CO ^ Cq
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wa
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20
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4,-1
as
JITS
Z a
cit]mbi:rl.ani>.
Deerfield
Downe
Commercial
Fairfield
liawrence
Greenwich
Hopewell
Landis
Maurice Biver.
Stow Creek
Bridgeton
MlUville
Total for county 330l 130 62 33
67
16
35
95
40
30
21
367
81
25
829
40»
620
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
CHILDREN ATTENDING- NO SCHOOL— ESSEX
COUNTY.
a
a
g
a
a
fl
a
fl
fl
fl
fl
a
a
i .
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$
%
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t
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COUNTIES, TOWNSHIPS s5
2o
2o
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AND BOROUGHS.
iao
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3°
3 2
at
22
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3 2
3 2
32
52
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ESSEX.
Belleville 5
Franklin 122
Bloomfleld 229
Kontclair 178
Verona I 10
•Caldwell
Livingston
Millburn
South Orange
Clinton
West Orange
East Orange
Newark
■Orange
Caldwell
Vailaburg
Jrvington
Olen Ridge
22
77
13
78
137
2932
275
17
11
49
15
75 17
33 17
9 4
28 14
3 3
27| 10
81 41
1445 829
185, 105
111 2
4 5
25, 6
8 1
Total for county 4170 197ll 866 429 265 181 147 209 405 1285 2207
1
2 3 4
1 1 1
.... I 2
12 3
129 117
20
1
1
1
3
5
166 1
5
1
2
2] 10
1 5
8 15
6 25
329 1050
15
73
44
2
1
5
3
22
4
30
43
1794
114
1
14
24
10
22
21
33
69
91
147
64
99
9
18
1
1
1
5
!>
14
29
58
«
5
39
54
69
88
1076
2353
215
269
3
12
15
19
30
39
S
13
2621
3281
90
295
711
498
15
68
26i
46
270
538
13467
1331
51
86
200
60
GLOUCESTER COUNTY.
621
CHILDREN ATTENDING- NO SCHOOL-
COUNTY.
-GLOUCESTER
COUNTIES, TOWNSHIPS
AND BOROUGHS,
a
q
a
$
^
9
g
E
g
s
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Hf|i
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152
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eLOUCESTER.
Woodbury
Deptford
West reptford...
Mantua
East Greenwich-
Greenwich
Harrison
Elk.,
South Harrison
Woolwich
Logan
Glassboro
Clayton
Franklin
Monroe
Washington ' I 1'
Wenonah ' I
Total Iff ncounty 129I 4ll 211 12
142-
&
76-
10
43
81
S
17
57
17
112
86
3»
23
20
3
14l
35I
I37I 228
622
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
CHILDREN ATTENDING NO SCHOOL— HUDSON
COUNTS'.
COUNTIES, TOWNSHIPS ;
AND BOROUGHS.
a
a
g
a
g
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
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t!
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&
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ss
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2°
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3 22
3 £
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32
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3 *
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HUDSON.
North Bergen...
Town of Union .
Weehawken
Guttenberg
Union
West Hoboken...
Hoboken .,
Jersey City
Bayonne
Harrison
Kearny
66
115
37
53
65
305
865
2889
390 236
172 71
173 76
Total for county 5130 279311179 465 293i 241 198 279! 601 1269! 2304
22
37 1
13|
28
30
65
227
684| 1259
140,
81
165
23
50
49
220
668
1604
225
92
180
26
69
55
265
866
2222
304
131
150
3265' 4357 22374
346
820
150
276
315
1373
4045
12141
1592
642
674
HUNTERDON COUNTY.
623
CHILDREN ATTENDING NO SCHOOL— HUNTERDON
COUNTY.
a
1
- <u
COUNTIES, TOWNSHIPS H *
AND BOROUGHS. -g °
jog
Jo
[15
a
01
2 o
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o 2
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15
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1
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a oi
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as
a
■°g3
3 2
0 >>
.073
as
as
a
1
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a
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32
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as
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HUKTERDOBT.
4
" "i
2
2
1
1
1
1
3
2
8
4
10
10
2
9
5
2
19
1
1
3
6
3
7
6
1
3
27
14
16
3
13
7
2
29
5
1
4
11
14
21
6
3
S
41
44
36
5
Holland
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
6
2
1
10
4
1
2
4
'5
2
38
3
22
5
High Bridge
I
""n
12
24
13
24
1
2
4
■ "4
5
10
3
6
1
1
1
2
1
" "i
""i
1
2
1
4
1
i
2
i
2
'2
3
2
'3
2
4
1
81
21
Clinton
.....^
2
""i
1
"2
2
2
1
■■■"2
11
3
28
3
" "i
2
51
54
59
Delaware
3
1
1
58
11
Franklin
2
6
'"i
12
2
10
s
7
18
16
West Amwell
3
41
149
25
64
5
19
1
8
174
Total for county
17
36
67
115
195
709
624
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
CHILD tlEN ATTENDI^■a NO SCHOOL— MERCER
COUNTY.
COUNTIES, TOWNSHIPS 2^
AND BOROUGHS.
B B 'B
11
d 'a
$ $
B ,B
OJ 1 0)
.O qJ £ qJ J
^
fl5>'cS'
±<^'±:^
(M
'C' O i*^ o ''
Lo;t-H:
55-
g
a
a
(3
a
g
«
$
af
«
a>
$
g
B
B
^
^
&
IV
(V
»
1>
a<
■D^
■OaJ
OV
■oo;
^45
j=a3
0) «
SJ^
c5f
OJ Oj
i;tk<
•O o
■D o
■o o
■O o
■O o
■a o
5"
X! b
X3 b
£ S
£1 b
s. a
a s
o cS
O OS
O d!
" S
o oi
"S
o>>
"S t>.
o>>
o '->
o -^
I.U5
b<o
t« »
t.00
a,-H
O-l
4) —
Oi-^
a;-H
^^•rt
£-0
Srs
€■3
^T3
6'°
2 C^
§§
^§
IS
>5i.!
^2
^3
;z;2
^S
2;t;
as
— a
si
MERCER.
Hopewell
16
13
940
1
2
7
21
30
5
4
624
'"{
""i
8
13
5
22
5
3
262
1
. 1
"i
3
6
2
8
4
2
128
' i
""" "i
5
4
5.5
"i
""i
1
1
2
5
1
"47
" "i
' "1
"3
1
2
2
47
1
" "i
4
2
3
2
2
4
78
1
2
1
}
1
2
3
3
3
128
4
11
8
246
1
11
13
10
387
5
15
1
I
2
14
15
20
11
14
562
2
17
1
(5
23
21
27
23
16
848
6
35
1
3
12
28
21
38
98
83
4347
18
91
Princeton
4
West Windsor.
1
2
3
1
1
3
6
2
0
14
48
East Windsor
lOS
Wilbur
101
16»
Total for ronntv
lots
f!84
292
136
73
.54
64
96
145
295
483
684
1031
.5075
MIDDLESEX COUNTY.
625
CHILDREN ATTENDING NO SCHOOL— MIDDLESEX
COUNTY.
a
a 1 » I fl 1 n
g
s
a
g
a
a
a
a
i .
01
V
0) <u
a>
1>
0)
a)
0)
<u
OJ
S^
^
fe
fe ^ •
is
^
fe
■:
&
is
^
&
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0)
CD
31
<u
0)
a>
0)
a-
0)
Ci«
i! .
X=<1,
j2 0) '-c a3
S6
^aj
•Oa;
•=11
S£
COUNTIES, TOWNSHIPS
c a5
Idren
f age.
Idren
f age.
§1
2*"
2 o
5; ^
2°
2 o
1-
2 o
2o
AND BOKOUGHS.
1°
2 ^IIS °,!3 °'!a «
o 5
3ii
"3 3
2!!i
O oj
•g'^
'ot
'og,'Sg
■S^'o?5
o ^
=5^
o >■
o ■-->
O^
o >^
o >>
o >>
Si
b (>>l h >>
t< >>
t.
u<^
fc-w
;h "^
t-lfl
us
i^r-
t- oo
■^jc
®f,' a^cc
^-
1-2
a"^
j:'^
j;t~l^<»
■o
i'TI
■a-s
fl-O
xiri
^■c
s-a
j=-a
£ =
aoia'^
ffl
= 3
^i
^S
y§
yg
ii
i5£
^^
1^^
^t.
15«
:2;5
^ii
|2;s
"A'a
^2
^3
^Ji;'
^s
!2;i;
E-i
SUDDliESKX.
24
45
38
'"25
14
33
1
8
5
3
210
293
-^
12
23
25
ii
5
4
■■■■4
3
4
111
111
""'7
5
7
11
■■•■7
5
'■"2
3
2
7
3
3
■■■"2
'■ "3
4
■■■■3
3
'""i
1
■■2
2
" "i
"i
9
21
1
1
3
2
1
■■■4
3
1
" i
10
16
4
3
1
'" "5
3
1
1
3
1
2
17
26
3
7
5
6
3
1
7
12
8
1
8
5
1
i
5
1
57
82
1
2
5
21
19
1
15
16
U
3
2
5
4
87
133
4
11
18
33
34
1
19
20
21
J
iii
182
8
19
28
38
37
19
35
25
44
6
9
24
6
116
290
14
26
112
203
185
North Brunswick
East Brunswick
22
146
107
South Amboy
116
le
35
Monroe
64
24
22
•■■■4
15
28
10
23
17
34
796
New Brunswick
Dunellen
1311
26
1
1
1
107
Total for county
726
320
138
70
49
41
42
68
77
191
336
499
717
3274
40
626
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
CHILDREN ATTENDING NO SCHOOL— MONMOUTH
COUNTY.
COUNTIES, TOWNSHIPS
AND BOROUGHS.
^2
o S
a
a
0
a
a
s
a
a
n
a
a
a
Z
$
$
V
«
$
St!
%
3!
z
$
S!
^
S
^
if
is
B
if
»
g
B
g
e:
XI
•o
X! .
•Oa3
■On-
■o.,;
■ov
■°a>
•OaS
J=a5
•Oaj
a (C
■o "
g»3
1^
1^
0) w
OJ w
SSf
Sif
0) ^
S^
SS-
" a"
h^
>-<«
■O o
■Co
■o o
•o o
•c o
•o o
73 o
•o o
.•= o
J3 C
2°
ao
'Ho
a£
3E
SE
2e
2 2
2 S
2i2
■si
■5^
::2
"St-.
"St-.
u 5
u 3
b >,
h >>
i< >>
I. IN
t.«>
t^ *»*
>.>2
bi<2
i-E:
boo
S-
^0=
0)0
a)-<
a)'-'
a)-"
a)"-!
D-H
O)--!
OJ-H
x:--
iiTi
£>-a
X!T1
.Q-d
£113
■OT3
JS-d
J3t3
i =
i'a
P
3 S
y§
3 °!
ii
3 »*
3 *
y§
3 *
|2;«
s;;;:
^ioo
^^
Z2
^r;
iza
^2
^3
!zi2
^S
»Jh
as
MOXatOVTU.
Atlantic
Freehold
Upper Freehold
Raritan
Holmdel -
Middletown
Shrewsbury
Ocean
Neptune
Millstone
Manalapan
Marlboro
Matawan
Eatontown
Wall
Howell
Town of Freehold....
Keyport
Atlantic Highlands..
Red Bank
Long Branch
Manasquan....
Belmar
Neptune City
Spring Lake
Total for county 648 291 115 71 33 36 26 3'
1
1 1
3
2
2
5
1
...I 2
...| 1
8 10
1
16
59
67
70
71
178
20
295
62
19
16
111
111
49
181
147
82
269
618
10
62
41
4
MORRIS COUNTY.
627
CHILDREN ATTENDING NO SCHOOL— MORRIS
COUNTY.
•COUNTIES, TOWNSHIPS 2,
AND BOROUGHS.
O 0)
IS
1-2
I.
S =s
Z2 a
d
a; c3
o
«2
rt
O c3
i
^
d>»
IN
t,M
^^
0) —
•o
•S'^
c
^s
^
izi^J
ag
»2
a
n
a
-
^
01
lU
33
s:
^
&
^
QJ
■^o;
^03
^tt
■06
C bo
a y
a 5P
a sc
OJ w
gi ra
S C3
aj ra
i'"
!-•-,
■O o
•a o
•d o
■a o
3 2
SS
2 2
S2
O s8
U (3
o s
^^
o >>
tc-n
t.f-
t.00
0)'^
aj-i
0)-^
0)-^
X!"0
.o-o
.D-c
^13
as
3 =5
l§
a »s
yi
^s
f^ii
»S
^i;
at
■o o
^B
MORRIS.
-Randolph ,
Rockaway
Jefferson
Koxbury
Mount Olive
Washington
■Chester
Mendbam
Morris
Passaic
Chatham
Hanover
Town of BoontOD ,
Montville
Pequannock ,
Dover ,
Eockaway Borough.
-Mount Arlington
Netcong
Morristown
Madison
£oonton
7
11
A
8
•i .
8
24
43!
•i\
3«l
19
8,
10
101
27
2
1|
2j 2
13' 11
1
Total for county 452 181 9fi 46 33 31 1 17 34 78 151
287
329
48
30
31
88
32
20
11
33
63
98
227
40
89
211
119
25
51
577
628
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
CHILDREN ATTENDING NO SCHOOL-OCEAN
COUNTY.
i
COUNTIES, TOWNSHIPS
AND BOROUGHS.
a
I
a ,x
u m
O §
!■§
15
a
1
I
1!
0 i
p
15
1-
1
0 a!
£|
So
0 £
0 s
fl aJ
2°
OB
i
1 .
fl *
s 0
ja to
^!
P
1
h
is
a
0
la;
2°
5E
0 cS
"St-.
IS
as
d
S 0
as
^2
a
1
2 2
«-<
ag
a <*
^2
1
20
2 2
U C3
©>.
as
a *
as
f
20
li
"sSi
as
fl
l«
a 3"
20
22
as
fl
20
2E
^2
0 "^
li
as
4 .
■a •
°^-
li
OCEAN.
Plumstead
■■■■4
9
20
1
■■■■3
11
" "i
9
""1
.....
i
" "2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
"i
6
1
3
11
21
1
6
!)
15
27
3
49
'4
r
21
Brick
1
1
'"' "i
'■"1
■■■"2
'2
1
2
1
1
8
2
41
11*-
2'
2 1
14
47 7
i
16 14
146-
1
i
1
a-
7
1
......
""i
""i
1
i
"2
'2
5
'4
1
6
i
6
1
1
2
2
21
Stafford
ii
2
ifr-
Bay Head
1
1
i
.■{
Island Heights
2
3
93
5
25
14
,7
8
5
3
3
Total for county
7
14
31
62
132
404*
PASSAIC COUNTY.
629
CHILDREN- ATTENDING NO SCHOOL— PASSAIC
COUNT y.
•COimTIES, TOWNSHIPS
AISTD BOROUGHS.
"2
.— '-"='" mi
"£l
lis;:
2o
o>>
^S
2 O 1*0 o
4- *
O >>
as
!zs »2
Ho
a 03
01 1-1
!2i2
a
a
a
p
&
&
fe
^
^,;
Oi
0)
a>
■o-aj
•°a;
■Oo
g^
a 5)
0) o3
2o
2^
Ho
Ho
S£
2 2
22
2 2
-1
o >>
-1
o >>
-1
o >>
t."'
u<^
(U-H
aj-i
(W^
0)-^
XJ^
•o-O
JSt)
.O-O
a *
^§
^S
Iz;^^
IZIS
135:;
PASNAIC.
Acquackanouk I is
'Passaic
Little Falls
Manchester
Wayne
fl*ompton
WestMilford ,
Pompton Lakes
"dPaterson.
Total for county. .
13
7 3
3
3
1
1
3
5
10
28
32
45
214
69 23
13
6
9
12
23
63
108
221
265
372
81
9, 5
t)
3
1
5
8
12
12
20
31
39
H4
22 10
6
6
8
4
14
15
34
59
80
95
1
... . I
?
2
2
4
3
8
15
9
21
10
27
30
15 10
4
3
4
3
2
8
27
17 7
1
5
1
6
11
19
29
I
I ....
4
6
4
11
864 556 1 195
86
lis
59
85
44
69
56, 72
8l' 124
165
327
510
729
910
1245
fi96 254
268
508
878
1190
1538
-. a
1.54
1398
181
417
39
145
123
27
4573
70.57
630
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
CHILDREN ATTENDING NO SCHOOL— SALEM
COUNTY.
COrNTIES, TOWNSHIPS
AND BOROUGHS.
1
Km
s
1
a)
|i
i
1 _
u to
"si
s?
1^
i
1 _
o S
I- >i
15
1
1 .
s o
Si
Km
1
o >•
3 *
^2
1
O "^
as
1
^2
1
? .
= 1
2°
o >>
^;
3 03
as
a
2°
Si
as
a
a Ml
1-
2 =>
2 2
o s
o >>
2§
as
n
1
<u
XJaJ
aM
a; 03
2o
2 2
S fi
as
a
a>
V
fe
lo
- tao
0, «
■o o
22
"g
o>>
U, 00
al
3 03
aj=
■oo
ii2
^;
If
SAIiEM.
55
2
1
45 ^
8
1
S
4
6
8
15
30
2
50
1
2
70
1
4
8S
5
403-
1
2
15.
12
ManningtOD
Pilesgrove
" i
1
2
}
5
10
2
2
6
2
5
4
" "i
2
1
"l
4
6
1
1
28-
Quinton
1
4
33
4;
12
3
13
5
■"l2
1
1
4
1
1
1
••• -J
1
6
6
8
7
128
8
14
15
12
16
35
Pittsgrove
>
26
4
i
61
PenDsgrove
1»
£lmer
18
109
10
"6
4
40
1 11
18 52
3
70
12
11
8
Total for county
5 7
72
176 71*J
i
SOMERSET COUNTY.
631
CHILDREN ATTENDING NO SCHOOL- SOMERSET
COUNTY.
COUNTIES, TOWNSHIPS §
AND BOROUGHS
g
g
3
a
a
^
S
^
b
^
x; X!
X!
J2
a oi
c aj c
Q-li
c
^',
^^
S
^
^^
S
' --H :^^ -— %H ---■+-
1 1 a g I o M
o S o S I o 3
l"2
iaiiai
lai
^s
Xia;
o ■*>,
I y> a M a
■2°i
2 2'
a gl
la I
2 o
a 2
Is
^
a
^
_
0)
V
OJ
%
01
^
5
^
a3
OJ
0)
OJ
^OJ
•°a5
^<i3
a y
Qj CO
a "D
33 cs
a be
"i'*-
■S-s
■do
ja 2
3S
aS
H2
o a
O C5
o s
O CJ
=«&
=1- J'
!^ K
©>.
O >>
o -^
o>>
-_io
U'D
tH«>
aj-<
•2t3
axi
•5"°
•S-o
H§
a
^3
N§
^53
'A"ri
!^S
»S
■d o
:a CO
•a H
ai
3
0'°
^ a
■5 *
SOMERSKT.
Bedminster
Bernards
Branchburg
Bridgewat«r
Warren
North Plainfield
Montgomer.v
Hillsborough
Franklin
Somerville
Bound Brook
North Plainfield Borough..
South Bound Brook
East Millstone
60 25
15 10
2, 3
10 13
421 17
33 32
211 10
35 30
is;
6
lo' 2 1
2
ll 1
2I !
1 2. 3
5 1 1 2
14 4 2
3 1 1
5 3 3, 3
1
Total for county '242 1561 46 13l
232 337 1248
27
3
12
262
70
30
52
82
150
221
101
157
50
31
632
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
CHILDREN ATTENDING NO SCHOOL— SUSSEX
COUNTY.
COUNTIES, TOWNSHIPS
ANB BOROUGHS.
Montague
Sandyston ...
Wallpack
Stillwater
Green
Bj'rain
Andover
Sparta
Hardyston ...
Vernon
Wantage
Frankford....,
Hampton
Newton
iiafayette......
Beckertown.,
-I'
'So i!2
as
o '2 o I
g I o 5
kl ^ ■'
as
2°
a «
as aa ass
S2
ag
as
Total for county.
10
121 2
3 4
.... 1
1
1 2
2 1
1 1
a
fl
n
%
a!
S!
^
^
^
* .
*
x> aj
«(i3
•o aJ
0 3"
cSf
i<M
t-tM
iiC
■ijffi
5iS
Cos
o >•
h<»
t.t-
Oj-I
0)"^
a)«
£-0
■S*
.o-a
y§
3 *
^3
aiij
asi
at;
•3 C
1
1
1
5
3
4
S
22
7
14
9
2
1
SO
7
4
1
16
9
15
35
47
27
24
15
5
2
166
28
53
U^ION COUNTY.
633
CHILDREN ATTENDING NO SCHOOL— UNION
COUNTY.
•COUNTIES. TOWNSHIPS
AND BOROUGHS.
a
1
0 aj
3*3
u 2
15 lO
-a
1
a a;
£&
0 00
0 <u
t- >>
1
1
2 5
■c "
OK
a
1
a a
1?
II
a
0)
fa:
a 0
•32
o|
El
a
a
a
a>
a So
II
a
0)
a Sf
^ CO
li
a S
a
a>
0)
1
^^
1^
a
OP
0)
■=55
u«
^- c^
li
a
0)
la;
£^
So
S£
u «
0 ^
li
a *
^3
1
a;
«i
20
3 2
0 C3
o>>
a »*
;z;2
i
la
a *p
2 °
sz
§3
la;
gt
0 ^
A .
■O Q.
a ^
73 0
i§
!a
I"
VKION.
1
367
■■■37
15
1
161
" "i's
8
10
1
33
■■■5
'"' "i
2
3
1
1
18
'""i
I
1
1
4
"■■■5
1
2
1
109
2
25
1
2
44
2
321
2
55
5
8
6
68
5
13
14
9
414
85
9
18
7
108
4
31
7
22
7
16
609
10
121
24
26
30
■■577
1
137
34
26
79
....„
2
.41
""i
2
1
1
4
1
3
1
36
■■■■■5
■■■"$
4
13
•■•■4
" "3
46
i'6
1
1
2811
•Clark „
Eahway
22
509
102
Westfleld
123
23' 7
137| 89
6l '
161 75
Plainfield
24
1
10
3
5
1
3
1
15
1
4
'3
144
10
47
12
36
9
658
New Providence
■Summit
■Springfield.^
45
44
5
28
17
1044
22
4
19
6
592
8
5
8
1
197
47
Union
6' 2
145
Roselle
5
"253
1
55
1«3
57
49
37
68
Total for county
82
213
515
726
1090
4819
634
APPENDIX TO SCHOOL REPORT.
CHILDREN ATTENDING NO SCHOOL— WARREN
COUNTY.
COUNTIES, TOWNSHIPS
AND BOROUGHS.
WABREN.
Pehatcong
Greenwich
Lopatcong
P)ji)lipsburg
Washington Borough..
Franklin
Washington
Harmony
Oxford
Belvidere
Mansfield
Hackettstown
Independence
Allamuchy
Frelinghuysen
Hope
Blairstown
Hardwick
Pabaquarry
Knowlton
-
J.
a
a
a
a
a^
a>
v
ii
11
a)
V
Ol
4>
a
t
p
fi
"l* .
0)
X!
a
JS .
•^ 0) -^ a3
XI q-
9. SB
a 1^
3 60' c M
•Co "C r!
"^^^
•a o
"
j3 aj ij; S i.a i
"21" £. "ii"=*|"5'l"?
• 2 I 4- "^ U' "^ U' '^
p
ill
K2 ^3
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r.
g
g
OJ
a/
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•° 6
■°6
X! aj
XJa;
2 &J0
a w
a 6b
Oj =5
4) TO
n, cS
S o:
S o
2°
2o
2 °
:affi
i3£
2 2
2£
O 03
« rt
<-i 1*
•— 1'
i_ 0/
o ^
o •->
o -->
c >■
t,«5
u t-
5.-'
d,—
a^ —
0-'
.i:^)
XI -c
X2-0
x:'c
S 3
|i
2 5
^5
^3
^ii
^a
^ii
■a o
2 a j;
131. 47
28 14
1 2
4 1
Total for county.. 203 80 31 17 15 12 10 26
1
20 30
l! 7
5-
22.
41
701
132
23
35
1
77
76
20
115
1
6
337 1308
SUMMARY.
635^
CHILDREN ATTENDING NO SCHOOL -SUMMARY
INDEX.
(637),
INDEX.
A. PAGE.
Agriculture, State College of. 106
report of. 291
Albertson, C. S., report of 176
statistical report of. 408
Superintendent of Camden county , 161
Anderson, John L, report of. 211
statistical report of 492
Superintendent of Somerset county 161
Apportionment of reserve fund 129
Arrow-smith, S. V., Supervising Principal of Keyport, report of 250
Atlantic City, manual training report 341
Superintendent of. 162
county, census in 518
certificates granted in 136
libraries 130
school district indebtedness in 121
statistical report of. 390
Superintendent of 161
written report of. 165
Attendance of pupils 21, 44, 118
punctuality of 74
B.
Barringer, William N., report of. 257
Superintendent of Newark 162
Bayonne, report of. 223
Superintendent of 162
Bergen county, census in 522
certificates granted in 137
libraries 130
school district indebtedness in 121
statistical report of 396
Superintendent of. 161
written report of 168
Bergen, Martin V., report of 226
Superintendent of Camden City 162
Bordentown, manual training report 337
(639)
640 INDEX.
PAOK
Boroughs 59
Bridgeton, Superintendent of. 162
Buildings (see School-houses).
Burlington county, census in 530
certificates granted in .,..*, 138
libraries 130
school district indebtedness in 122
statistical report of 402
Superintendent of. 161
written report of 172;
O
Camden City, report of 226-
manual training report of. 344
Superintendent of. 102"
county, census in 536>
certificates granted in 139
libraries 181
school district indebtedness iuv. 123-
statistical report of. 408'
Superintendent of 161
written report of. 176
Cape May county, census in 540-
certificates granted in 140-
libraries 131
school district indebtedness iui 123-
statistical report of. 414'
Superintendent of 161
written report of. I7T
Carlsladt, manual training report of. 347
Case, R., Supervising Principal of Red Barak,, report of< ,, 277
Census, re^iort of 17, 517
Certificates of teachers 65'
granted by State board 134
county boards 136
City Superintendents, list of 162:
supervision of schools 81
Clement, R. E., Supervising Principal of Crtioford,. report? of. 231
College graduates 65
of Agriculture, State 106
report of. 291
Colored children, number of. 25-
Condition of school libraries 130
Cost of education 52.
County Superintendents, appointments of 6
list of. 161
reports of.- 163
salaries of. — .-«. 161
INDEX. 641
PAGE.
Cox, M. L., report of 202
statistical report of. 468
Superintendent of Morris county 161
Cranford, report of. , 231
Cumberland county, census in 542
certificates granted in 141
libraries 131
school district indebtedness in 123
statistical report of. 420
Superintendent of. 161
written report of 178
Cutts, U. W., report of. 261
Superintendent of Orange 162.
D.
Davis, Charles M., report of 223
Superintendent of Bayonne 162
Davey, V. L., Superintendent of East Orange, report of 232
Deaf-Mute School, report of 321
Deaf-mutes, number of children who are 25
District indebtedness 121
libraries 130
tax 62
terms 63
boroughs 59
Districts, indebtedness of. 121
number of 62
Dix, Warren R., report of 237
Superintendent of Elizabeth 162:
Donnell, James D., report of. 20T
statistical report of. , 480
Superintendent of Passaic county 161
Dover, report of. 229
E.
East Orange, manual training report 349
report of. 232
Education, cost of 52
Egg Harbor City, report of 234
Superintendent of. 162
Eldridge, William H., report of. .* 183
statistical report of. 432
Superintendent of Gloucester county 161
Elizabeth, report of. 237
Superintendent of. 162
Englewood, report of 236^
41
642 INDEX.
PAGE*
Enright, John, report of. 198
statistical report of 462
Superintendent of Monmouth county 161
Enrollment of pupils 37, 118
Essex county, census in 546
certificates granted in 142
libraries 131
school district indebtedness in 123
statistical report of. 426
Superintendent of 161
written report of. 179
Evening schools 95
Examinations, State 134
county 136
Expenses, school 14, 52
Experience of teachers 98
F.
Factories, employment of children in 24
Financial statement by cities 112
counties 110, 116
Flemington, report of. 242
Free text-books 26
G.
Gilhuly, S. B., Supervising Principal of Flemington, report of 242
Glaspell, John N., report of. 178
statistical report of. 420
Superintendent of Cumberland county 161
Gloucester City, Superintendent of. 162
county, census in 562
certificates granted in 143
libraries 131
school district indebtedness in 124
statistical report of 432
Superintendent of. 161
written report of 183
Green, J. M., Principal State Normal School, report of. 303
Griffith, J. H., Supervising Principal of Washington, report of. 287
Gwynne, Jr., Robert, report of. 209
statistical report of. 486
» Superintendent of Salem county 161
H.
Haas, Edgar, report of. 172
statistical report of 402
Superintendent of Burlington county 161
INDEX. 643
PAGE.
'fiammonton, report of. 243
Hartwell, A. W., Supervising Principal of Princeton, report of. 275
Haven, W. L. R., report of. 254
Superintendent of Morristown 162
Haynes, J. A., Supervising Principal of Somerville, report of. 280
Heath, E. M., report of 192
statistical report of. 444
Superintendent of Hunterdon county 161
High schools 88
Hill, Luther, report of 212
statistical report of. 498
Superintendent of Sussex county... , 161
floboken, manual training 331
report of , 244
Superintendent of. 162
Holmes, B., report of. 213
statistical report of 504
Superintendent of Union county 161
Houghton, G. C, report of. 185
statistical report of. 438
Superintendent of Hudson county 161
Houses (see School-houses).
Howell, H. B., Superintendent of Phillipsburg 162
Hudson county, census in 555
certificates granted in 144
libraries , 131
school district indebtedness in 124
statistical report of. 438
Superintendent of. 161
written report of. 185
Hunterdon county, census in 562
certificates granted in , 146
libraries 132
school district indebtedness in 125
statistical report of. 444
Superintendent of. 161
written report of 192
Hulsart, J. H., Supervising Principal of Dover, report of, 229
Hutton, H. H , report of. 263
Superintendent of Passaic City 162
I.
Illiteracy 23
Indebtedness of school districts 121
Industrial training 94
Industrial school, Atlantic City 341
Bordentown 337
Camden City 344
644 INDEX.
PAGE..
Industrial school, Carlstadt 347
East Orange 349
Hoboken 331
Montclair 353
Newark 329
Orange 356
Passaic 359
Paterson 369
Eed Bank... 371
Ridgewood 374
Saddle River township 377
South Orange 379
Sunamit 382
Union Hill 385
Vineland 352
Institutes '^^
J.
Jenkins, Weston, Principal Deaf-Mute School, report of. 321
Jersey City, report of. 246
Superintendent of 162
K.
Keyport, report of 250'
Krebs, H. C, Supervising Principal of Hammonton, report of. 243
L.
Libraries, school, payments to 130'
Lonan, E. M., report of 205
statistical report of. 474
Superintendent of Ocean county 161
Loudenslager, W. B., Superintendent of Atlantic City 162
Lyon, A., report of 271
Superintendent of Perth Amboy 162
M.
Manual training 94
Manual training school, Atlantic City 341
Bordentown 337
Camden City 344
Carlstadt 347
East Orange 349
Hoboken 331
Montclair 353
Newark 329
Orange 356
Passaic 359^
INDEX. 645
PAGE.
Manual training school, Paterson 369
KedBank 371
Ridgewood 374
Saddle Eiver Township 377
South Orange 379
Summit 382
Union Hill 385
Vineland 352
Iklaxson, Henry M., report of. 272
Superintendent of Plainfield 162
Members of the State Board of Education 3
Mercer county, census in 566
certificates granted in 148
libraries 132
school district indebtedness in 125
statistical report of 450
Superintendent of. 161
written report of 194
Middlesex county, census in 570
certificates granted in 149
libraries 132
school district indebtedness in 125
statistical report of. 456
Superintendent of 161
written report of. 195
Millville, Superintendent of 162
Miller, V. O., report of. 177
statistical report of. 414
Superintendent of Cape May county 161
Monmouth county, census in 575
certificates granted in 150
libraries , 132
school district indebtedness in 125
statistical report of. 462
Superintendent of. , 161
written report of. 198
Montclair, manual training report 352
report of. 252
Morris county, census in 580
certificates granted in 152
libraries 132
school district indebtedness in 125
statistical report of. 468
' Superintendent of. 161
written report of. 202
Morristown, report of. 254
Superintendent of. 162
Mount Holly, report of 256
646 INDEX.
N. PAGE.
Newark, manual training report 329
report of. 257
Superintendent of. 162
New Brunswick, Superintendent of 162
Normal School 105
report of..... 303
teachers 65
O.
Ocean county, census in 584
certificates granted in 152
libraries 133
school district indebtedness in 125
statistical report of. 474
Superintendent of 161
written report of. 205
Orange, manual training report 356
report of 261
Superintendent of 162
Ortel, Otto, Supervising Principal, Union Hill, report of 284
P.
Passaic City, manual training report 359
report of 263
Superintendent of. 162
county, census in 587
certificates granted in 153
libraries 133
school district indebtedness in 126
statistical report of , 480
Superintendent of 161
written report of 207
Paterson, manual training report 369
report of. 268
Superintendent of. 162
Perth Amboy, report of 271
Superintendent of 162
Phillipsburg, Superintendent of 162
Pierson, L. C, Superintendent of Trenton 162
Plainfield, report of. 272
Superintendent of. 162*
Price, R. S., report of 216
statistical report of. 510
Superintendent of Warren county 161
Princeton, report of. 275-
INDEX. 647
PAGE
Private schools 20, 108
Property, value of 34
Pupils, attendance of. ,21, 44, 118
enrollment of 37^ 118
punctuality of attendance of 37, 118
vaccination of., 24
R.
Eahway, Superintendent of. 162
Eaine, C. D., Supervising Principal of Mount Holly, report of 256
Red Bank, report of. 277, 371
Reinhart, J. A., report of 268
Superintendent of Paterson , 162
Report, Atlantic City 341
county 165, 390
Bayonne 223
Bergen county 168, 396
Bordentown 337
Burlington county 172, 402
Camden City 226, 344
county 176, 408
Cape May county 177, 414
Carlstadt 347
Census, report of. 17, 517
Certificates granted county 136
state 134
Cranford , 231
Cumberland county 178 420
Deaf-Mute School 321
Dover 229
East Orange 232, 349
Egg Harbor City 234
Elizabeth 237
Englewood 236
Essex county 179, 426
Flemington 242
Gloucester county 183 432
Hammonton 243
Hoboken 244, 331
Hudson county. 185, 438
Hunterdon county 192, 444
Jersey City 246
Keyport 250
Manual training 327
Mercer county 194, 450
Middlesex county 195_ 456
Monmouth county 198, 462
Montclair 252, 353
648 INDEX.
PAGE.
Report, Morris county 202, 468
Morristown 254
Mount Holly 256
Newark 257, 329
Normal School 303
Ocean county 205, 474
Orange 261, 356
Passaic City 263, 359
county 207, 480
Paterson 268, 369
Perth Amboy 271
Plainfield 272
Princeton 275
Red Bank 277, 371
Ridgewood 278, 374
Rutgers Scientific School , 291
Saddle River Township 377
Salem City 279
county 20^, 486
Somerset county 211, 492
Somerville 280
South Orange 279
State Agricultural College , 291
State Board of Education 5
State Board of Examiners 134
State Superintendent 9
Stockton 282
Summit 382
Superintendent of Census 17
Sussex county 212, 498
Union county 213, 504
Union Hill 284, 385
Vineland 285, 352
Warren county 216, 510
Washington 287
West Hoboken 288
Revenue... 116
Reserve fund, apportionment of. 129
Richards, E. S, Supervising Principal of Englewood, report of. 236
Ridgewood, manual training report 374
report of 278
Rollinson, H. B , Superintendent of Rahway 162
Rue, D E., report of. 244
Superintendent of Hoboken 162
Rutgers Scientific School, report of 291
Ryan, George E., Superintendent of New Brunswick 162
INDEX. 649
s.
PAGE.
Saddle River Township, manual training report 377
County Superintendents , 161
Salaries of teachers 71, 118
Salem City, report of 279
Superintendent of. 162
county, census in , 591
certificates granted in 154
libraries.... 133
school district indebtedness in , 126
statistical report of. 486
Superintendent of 161
written report of. 209
School district indebtedness 121
law, amendments to 12
libraries, payments to 130
term 63,97, 118
township system 11
districts, number of. 62
tax , 62
School-houses, material of. 27, 29
number of rooms in 29
owned 29
School property, valuation 34
Schools, cost of. 52
evening 95
high 88
manual training 94
private .20, 108
supervision of city 81
county 82
text-books in 26
Schuster, John, report of. 234
Superintendent of Egg Harbor City 162
Sherman, Elmer C, report of. 179
statistical report of 426
Superintendent, of Essex county 161
Snyder, Henry, report of. 246
Superintendent of Jersey City 162
Somerset county, census in 594
certificates granted in 155
libraries 133
school district indebtedness in 126
statistical report of. 492
Superintendent of..., 161
written report of. 211
Somerville, report of. 280
650 INDEX.
PAGE.
South Orange, manual training report of 379
Spaulding, R., Supervising Principal of Montclair, report of 252
State Board of Education, members of. 3
report of.., 5
Examiners 134
Superintendent, report of 9
Statistics, summary of 14
Stewart, Jos. J., Supervising Principal of Stockton, report of. 282
Stinson, J. C, Superintendent of Gloucester City 162
Stockton, report of. 282
Stokes, E. C, Superintendent of Millville 162
Stratton, M. H., report of 279
Superintendent of Salem 162
Summit, manual training report of. 382
Superintendents, list of City 162
County 161
Supervision of city schools 81
township schools 82
Sussex county, census in 597
certificates granted in 156
libraries 133
school district indebtedness 126
statistical report of. 498
Superintendent of 161
written report of 212
T.
Tardiness 118
Tax, local 62
State 14
Teachers 47
certificates 65, 134
employed, male 48, 118
female 48, 118
experience of. 98
institutes 76
salaries of, in cities 74, 120
covmties 71, 118
term of service of. 102
Terhune, John, report of. 168
statistical report 396
Superintendent of Bergen county 161
Term, school « 63, 97
Text-books 26
Township schools, supervision of... ..' 82
system 11
Trenton, Superintendent of. 162
Turner, J. S., Superintendent of Bridge ton 162
INDEX. 651
IT. PAGE.
Union county, census in 600
certificates granted in 157
libraries 133
school district indebtedness in 127
statistical report of. 504
Superintendent of 161
written report of. 213
Union Hill, report of 284, 385
V.
Vaccination of pupils 24
Valuation of school-houses 34
Van Dike, John S., report of, 194
statistical report of 450
Superintendent of Mercer county 161
Vineland, report of 285, 352^
W.
Warren county, census in 606
certificates granted in 159
libraries 133
school district indebtedness in 127
statistical report of 610
Superintendent of 161
written report of. 216
Washington, report of. 287
Waters, R., Supervising Principal of West Hoboken, report of. 288
West Hoboken, report of. 288
Wightman, H. J., Supervising Principal of Vineland, report of 285
Wilbur, Lloyd, report of 17, 517
Willis, H. B., report of. 195
statistical report of. 456
Superintendent of Middlesex county 161
Wilson, J. Eussell, Superintendent of Atlantic county 161
report of... 165
statistical report of 390
Wooster, B, C, Supervising Principal of Ridgewood, report of. 278
Written reports of cities 221
counties 168
Y.
Year, length of school 97
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