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BOSTON UNIVERSITY
LIBRARIES
University Library
»*«>'.»*.*%<.'UA«j»
Public Document
No. 34
FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT
State Department of Health
MASSACHUSETTS
BOSTON
WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS
32 DERNE STREET
1920
Publication of this Document
approved by the
Supervisor of Administration.
131
CONTENTS.
Report of the Public Health Council .
Report of the Commissioner of Health
Changes in Organization
Disease Prevalence ....
Infant Mortality and Child Hygiene
The Laboratory Problem
The Water Supply Investigation
The Plumbing Board ....
National Health Problems
Co-operation with Volunteer Health Agencies
Legislation Recommended
Division of Administration . .
Di\-ision of Sanitary Engineering
Di\'ision of Water and Sewage Laboratories
Di\'ision of Communicable Diseases
Division of Biologic Laboratories
Division of Food and Drugs .
Division of Hj-giene
Appropriations and Expenditures
Regular Appropriations
Special Appropriations
Emergency Appropriations
Recapitulation .
Supplement ....
Report of Di\'ision of Sanitary Engineering
Sanitary Protection of Public Water Supplies
Work required by Special Legislation
Examination of Public Water Supplies
Analysis of the Water of Public Water Suppl
Water Supply Statistics
Consumption of Water
Rainfall ....
Flow of Streams
Sudbury River
Nashua River
Merrimack River .
Sudbury, Nashua and Merrimack Rivers
Examination of Rivers
Chemical Examination of Water
From Blackstone River .
From Charles River
From Chicopee River and its Tributaries
From Concord River and its Tributaries
From Connecticut River
From Deerfield River
From French River
From Hoosick River
From Housatonic River and its Branches
BOSTON UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
IV
CONTENTS.
Supplement — Concluded.
Report of Division of Sanitary Engineering — Concluded
Chemical Examination of Water — Concluded.
From Merrimack River
From Miller's River
From Nashua River
From Neponset River
From Quinebaug River
From Taunton River
From Ten Mile River
From Westfield River
Examination of Sewage Disposal Works
Report of Division of Water and Sewage Laboratories
Investigations in Regard to the Bacterial Quality of Shellfish
Investigations in Regard to Factory Wastes .
Experiments with Sewage Sludge; Dewatering with a Centrifugal Machine
Stabilizing Sewage Sludge by Oxidation with Nitrates from Sewage Filter
Effluents
Purification of Sewage by Aeration; Activated Sludge .
Agitation of Activated Sludge without Air ....
Self-purification of Quiescent Sewage .....
Operation of Trickling Filters ......
The Depth of Filtering Material and Trickling Filter Efficiency
Experiments upon the Recovery of Sediment from Trickling Filter Effluents
Intermittent Sand Filters operated with Untreated Sewage
Chlorination. — Filtration .
Lawrence City Filters
Report of Division of Food and Drugs
Cold-storage Statistics
Report of Division of Communicable Diseases
Bacteriological Laboratory .
Inspection of Hospitals
Dispensaries .....
Jails and Lock-ups ....
Subdivision of Tuberculosis
Subdivision of Venereal Diseases
Changes in Personnel
Special Activities ....
New Rules and Regulations affecting the Division
Recommendations ........
Report of the Epidemiologist for the Year ending Nov. 30, 1919
Cases and Deaths, with Case and Death Rates, for all Reportable Diseases during
1919
Incidence of Communicable Diseases by Months, 1919 .
Cases and Deaths from Diseases Dangerous to the Public Health, 1919
Report of Division of Biologic Laboratories .....
Antitoxin and Vaccine Laboratory
Wassermann Laboratory
Report of Division of Hygiene
Changes in Personnel
Lines of Work ....
Report of the State Examiners of Plumbers
Papers written in 1919 and Pamphlets issued
Papers written by Members of the State Department of Health during the Year
1919
Pamphlets issued by the State Department of Health
Index .........
PAGE
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79
80
81
81
82
82
83
83
97
98
100
100
FIFTH ANNUAL EFFORT
OF THE
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
OF
MASSACHUSETTS.
For the fiscal year ending Nov. 30, 1919, the State Department of
Health was constituted as follows: —
Commissioner of Health, Eugene R. Kelley, M.D,
Public Health Council.
Eugene R. Kelley, M.D., Chairman.
David L. Edsall, M.D., 1921. John T. Wheelwright (until May, 1919).
J. E. Lamoureux, M.D., 1921. George C. Whipple, S.B., 1920.
Wm. J. GALLn^\N, M.D., 1922. Wm. T. Sedgwick, Ph.D., 1920.
Warren C. Jewett (appointed May, 1919), 1922.
During the year sixteen formal meetings of the Council were held,
as well as many meetings of the standing and special committees of the
Department. The standing committees of the Council follow : —
Sanitary Engineering (including Housing and Rural Hygiene).
Professors Whipple and Sedgwick, Dr. Kelley and Mr. Jewett.
Preventive Medicine and Hygiene,
Drs. Edsall, GaUivan, Kelley and Lamoureux.
Food and Drugs.
Professor Sedgwick, Drs. GalUvan and Lamoureux.
Finance, Law and Demography,
Dr. Kelley, Professor Whipple, Dr. Gallivan and IVIr. Jewett.
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
The Fiftieth Anniversary of Organized Health Work in
Massachusetts.
On Sept. 15, 1869, the first meeting of the Massachusetts State
Board of Health was held. It seemed most fitting that the fiftieth
anniversary of that date — Sept. 15, 1919 — should receive suitable
recognition. Accordingly, the Massachusetts Medical Society and the
Massachusetts Association of Boards of Health co-operated with this
Department in arranging exercises in commemoration of the event. A
program of unusual interest had been arranged with Dr. Henry P.
Walcott, former chairman of the State Board of Health, Dr. A. J.
McLaughlin, the first commissioner of the present Department, and
Sir Arthur Newsholme, late chief medical officer of England, as the
principal speakers. However, the occurrence of the riots following the
policemen's strike in the city coming just at the time of the anni-
versary made it necessary to cancel the meeting to the great regret of
all interested in public health in this section. At a later meeting of
the Public Health Council the following resolution was adopted : —
Whereas, Almost the first pubHc act of the Massachusetts State Board of
Health in 1869 was the issuance of a declaration in which occurred these
memorable words : —
We believe that all citizens have an inherent right to the enjoyment of pure and
uncontaminated air and water and soil; that this right shall be regarded as belonging
to the whole community; and that no one shall be allowed to trespass upon it by his
carelessness or his avarice or even by his ignorance;
Whereas, During the past fifty j-ears there have been great advances in the
fields of medicine, hygiene and sanitation, notably in our knowledge of the
methods of transmission of communicable diseases and means of combating
them, thus placing the administration of public health work upon a wider and
surer foundation; be it
Resolved, That on this fiftieth anniversary of the fii'st meeting of the State
Board of Health, we, the Commissioner of Health and the Public Health Council,
reiterate the above-mentioned declaration of the people's right to live under
clean and wholesome conditions and commend it to the health officials of the
State as a basis of sanitary administration; and be it further
Resolved, That we beUeve that every citizen of the State is entitled to pro-
tection from communicable disease, by the setting up of such barriers as may
be most effective in preventing the spread of the causal agents of those diseases
from person to person and by providing at public expense such prophylactic
agencies as may enable individuals to safeguard themselves against the attacks
of disease, and by conducting such diagnostic and epidemiological services as
modern science deems to be necessary; and
Resolved, That we beUeve that human health is something more than the
No. 34.] ANNUAL REPORT. 3
absence of disease and that the people of the State should be taught to raise
the standard of their own health by giving proper attention to the care ot in-
fants the growth of children, the physique of adults, the conditions of labor
the need of proper food and sufficient sleep, the need of mental and physical
recreation, and, in general, that as much care should be given to human bodies
as to their envnonment.
In accordance with section 2, chapter 792 of the Acts of 1914, at a
meeting of the Public Health Council on Jan. 13, 1920, the Commis-
sioner of Public Health submitted to the Council a report of the activi-
ties of the Department for the fiscal year 1919, and it was voted that
this report be approved and adopted as the report of the State Depart-
ment of Health for the fiscal year 1919.
REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF HEALTH.
Eugene R. Kelley, M.D.
Jan. 10, 1920.
To the Public Health Council.
Gentlemen: — The first year of peace has brought to this Depart-
ment in common with all departments of the Commonwealth, prob-
lems of adjustment vastly different in character but only to a degree
less complex and difficult than the problems of war time. The constant
disruption of personnel due to the call for military service has ceased.
The post-war unrest and the economic pressure, due to the increasing
discrepancy between the ever higher cost of living on the one hand and
the small relative increase in compensation which the public service
generally can offer, have continually operated during the year to de-
prive us of old experienced officers and employees, and have deterred
many otherwise eager to do so from entering upon health work as a
career. , , •, -i x
Under the circumstances, I feel that a distinct though silent tribute
to the Department and to the fascination of progressive health work
has been paid by many members of our staff who have deliberately
declined alluring ^offers of employment and at much more liberal terms
of compensation.
Our sincere thanks are due also to the Executive Department ot the
Commonwealth and the General Court for their sympathetic attitude
towards the underpaid public servant. Their efforts to meet the
emergency, by granting at least partially adequate increases m salaries
and wages, have not by any means done full justice to all or even to
the majority, but was all that could be expected under the circum-
stances, with rising costs in every activity of the State government
plus the extraordinary war obligations which were so properly assumed.
4 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Even more important from the standpoint of the Department's work
is the necessity of additional increases in salaries if the morale and
general efficiency of the Department are to be kept from serious im-
pairment.
Never have so many left the service of the Department as in the
past two years, and only a portion of those leaving for military service
returned even at substantially increased pay. With the exception of
two or three young women employees who resigned to marry, the indi-
vidual's attitude and reason assigned have always been the same, —
genuine regret at severing their connection with the organization and
the necessity of earning the additional money which their new position
assured them.
Changes in Organization.
During the year the growing importance of public health nursing as
a distinct branch of sanitary science and public health has been recog-
nized by the creation of a special subdivision in this subject. This is
expected to merely foreshadow the creation in the near future of a dis-
tinct Division of Public Health Nursing.
Mouth hygiene activities have also been inaugurated. The Com-
monwealth is directly indebted to the public spirit of its dental pro-
fession in general and especially to Dr. Edwin Kent, the supervisor of
mouth hygiene, that such a needed advance step was consummated at
the present time. No one who has made even a cursory investigation
into the needs of the State in mouth hygiene can fail to be appalled at
the magnitude and the seriousness of the problem. The Common-
wealth would be amply justified and amply rewarded in utilizing the
full-time service of a corps of dentists and dental hygienists. But
funds not being available, Dr. Kent generously offered his services
gratis, for such time as he could spare to the work, provided the De-
partment would appoint a graduate dental hygienist to work under his
direction. This proposal was accepted with gratitude by the Depart-
ment, and thus a beginning has been made in what ought justly soon
to grow into an important activity.
A fundamental change in the scope and character of our work oc-
curred during the fiscal year with the passage of the act reorganizing
and consolidating the departments of the State government. By this
act the management of the four tuberculosis sanatoria and of the
Hospital for Lepers was transferred to this Department. This results
in the Department being projected directly into the field of curative
medicine, and serves as a precedent for an indefinite expansion in these
lines in the future under the guise of State medicine. The prospect
does not appeal to me personally as necessarily best for the general
No. 34.] ANNXAL REPORT. 5
public or for the most economical and efficient future development of
preventive medicine. But it seems to be the tendency of the times, as
can be seen by similar and much more radical innovations in England
and in other States. Thus it has become our duty to do the best we
can in this new field and especially to see if a closer co-ordination of
activities cannot be brought about in all phases of anti-tuberculosis
work. The previous Board of Trustees, who had managed these insti-
tutions from their inception, now more than twenty years ago, has
established a high standard of efficient, humane and economical man-
agement. To maintain this standard will call for our best efforts.
This previous efficient Board having been abolished as a part of the
general scheme of consolidation, it has fortunately bequeathed to the
Department no heritage of friction or disorganization, but a splendidly
equipped, "going" organization, which has simply been incorporated
into the Department as this fiscal year expires as a Division of Tuber-
culosis. Dr. William J. Gallivan, a former member of the Boston
Board of Health, and a member of our Public Health Council since its
creation, becomes the director of the new division, and under his able
leadership I confidently expect great stimulus and development of our
already well-planned and organized campaign against the great white
plague.
Disease Prevalence.
Last year closed with the first wave of the terrible influenza epidemic
just past and with the secondary wave definitely in progress. Massa-
chusetts suffered among the first of the States from the invasion, and
with the possible exception of Pennsylvania was more severely afflicted
at the beginning than other States. It was perhaps only due to the
natural laws of susceptibility of population that the secondary waves
of the epidemic in this Commonwealth were relatively very light. The
disease prevailed sporadically during the early winter and finally died
down to endemic proportions in the early spring. Encouraging results
were obtained on a limited scale in the treatment of influenza-pneu-
monia with the serum of recently recovered cases, and with the advent
of warm weather it became gradually apparent that the disease was
dropping below its ordinary sporadic frequency. This fortunate con-
dition has persisted until now it would appear that we may safely hope
that there will be no recurrence of the disease on any epidemic scale
during the coming winter.
We know no more about the etiology or means of prevention of this
dreadful visitor than we did before its recent world-wide spread. It is
a fact, however, all too little appreciated in this country, that although
the mortality was terrific among us, in other sections of the world,
6
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
especially in countries where our standards of disease prevention are
unknown, the mortality was proportionately so much greater that it
furnishes an impressive and abundant answer to the question, " Do
sanitation and preventive medicine pay?"
In direct contrast to the gloomy record of 1918, it is encouraging to
record a year of extremely low prevalence of, and low mortality from,
our usual infectious diseases as a group. Unfortunately, it is never
possible to have final or correct figures for deaths at the date when the
law requires this report to be filed. However, we do have complete
returns for cases of these diseases, complete death reports for ten
months, and sufficiently complete preliminary reports for the remain-
ing two months to enable general comparisons to be made with sub-
stantial correctness.
If we take the prevailing communicable diseases as a group, we find
that 1919 has established a new record for comparative freedom from
infection and a most impressive decline in mortality. I have included
in this group diphtheria, infant paralysis, epidemic meningitis, measles,
pneumonia, scarlet fever, smallpox, pulmonary tuberculosis, typhoid
fever and whooping cough: —
Disease.
Deaths.
1918.
1919.
604
591
38
17
228
181
5.33
183
9,787
2,508
77
130
-
2
5,106
4,200
160
103
719
319
Diphtheria, .....
Infant paralysis, ....
Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis.
Measles, ......
Pneumonia, .....
Scarlet fever, .....
Smallpox,' .....
Tuberculosis, pulmonary,
Typhoid fever, ....
Whooping cough, ....
8,234
The difference for the two years in the aggregate deaths from these
diseases is so great as to be startling and at once excites many chains
of speculation as to the precise reason back of so satisfactory a statis-
tical showing. It would be presumptuous to attribute all or even the
lion's share of this result to the activities of this Department and all
our fellow health organizations in the cities and towns. Something
may perhaps be attributed to the influenza epidemic of last year
No. 34.
ANNUAL REPORT.
resulting in the taking off of the weakest and most susceptible of the
population. This argument may hold true for tuberculosis, and, to a
great degree, is unquestionably almost entirely the cause of the great
decline in pneumonia deaths, but it does not explain in a satisfactory
manner the decline in the mortality from the other diseases. Careful
examination will show this tendency operating for several years back,
with certain fluctuations from year to year, but, on the whole, with a
remarkable downward trend. I am strongly of the opinion that a
large share of the credit for this result belongs to the Department of
PubHc Health and the local health boards. A natural cautiousness
bred into health administrators on account of the uncertain factors in
communicable disease prevalence and mortality, plus, perhaps, a cer-
tain degree of false modesty, has kept us from impressing sufficiently
upon our fellow citizens what the true meaning of these figures is, or
how much saving they represent, not only in terms of life but of
suffering, and in loss of time and in cost to the several communities,
the State and the Nation.
If this point were made more clear, there might be a correspond-
ingly more generous support of health departments with vastly greater
results in diminution of disease than we can show up to the present.
As an example, let us consider the following figures for typhoid fever
in Massachusetts for a series of years, bearing in mind that the total
population and hence the density of population has been steadily in-
creasing, factors that in themselves, unless carefully counteracted by
sanitary science and modern hygiene, tend to greatly increase the
prevalence of this disease: —
Year.
Cases.
Deaths.
Death Rate.
1908,
1909,
1910,
1911,
1912,
1913,
1914,
1915,
1916,
1917,
1918,
1919,
3,736
2,743
3,452
2,238
2,088
2,398
2,333
2,204
1,515
1,546
1,067
938
517
390
411
302
269
280
268
247
172
178
160
103
16.0
11.8
12.2
8.8
7.7
7.8
7.4
6.7
4.6
4.6
4.1
2.6
8 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
These results do not just happen. There is a reason for them. In
the case of typhoid fever our figures are now showing steady improve-
ment year by year as a result of the intelligent application of pre-
ventive principles. Eternal vigilance, however, is the price of freedom
from typhoid epidemics. In this field the policy of constant watchful-
ness by the District Health Officers and epidemiologist and the increas-
ing efficiency of the local boards of health working in closest possible
co-operation with our staff show such striking results that they are obvi-
ous at a glance. If we had merely held our own in typhoid control in
the past two years, making proper allowance for our increase of popu-
lation, there should have been in the neighborhood of 4,000 cases and
500 deaths instead of the actual results. Aside from the humanitarian
satisfaction inherent in these figures, they mean a progressive economic
saving to the Commonwealth and its citizens of at least $1,000,000
annually.
Assuming that the present machinery for disease prevention is main-
tained and gradually improved, I can see no good reason why we may
not predict with some confidence the practical extermination of en-
demic typhoid in this Commonwealth within the next decade.
The pulmonary tuberculosis returns for the year are surprisingly
good. Coming immediately after the culminating high death rate of
1918 (130.2 per 100,000), which was the climax of a steadily increasing
rate for three successive years, this at once arouses the most acute
interest as to the reason for a decrease in mortality amounting to
nearly 900 less deaths and representing a drop in rate to the new low
death rate for the Commonwealth of approximately 106 deaths per
100,000 of population, the previous low record of 1915 being 113.1 per
100,000.
It would be peculiarly gratifying if good grounds existed for attribut-
ing all or the major portion of this result directly to our anti-tuber-
culosis activities, but candor compels the admission that such an ex-
planation is not justified by the facts. I am frankly at a loss to
account for such a remarkable diminution, but I believe that two
factors largely enter into it, viz., (1) the cessation of war and (2) the
abnormal mortality from the influenza epidemic of 1918. At the same
time there are the best of scientific and statistical grounds for believing
that without the resources for fighting tuberculosis that our sj'stem of
sanatoria, hospitals, dispensaries and home visiting nursing service
furnishes the Commonwealth, the war-time tuberculosis rates would
have been much more disastrous and discouraging than they were and
that no improvement of such magnitude would have been recorded
for this year.
Tuberculosis mortality fluctuates from year to year and it would be
No. 34.] ANNUAL REPORT. 9
unreasonable to demand that we must always keep our future death
rate below this new low figure. But when enough perspective is
utihzed the hard fact remains that the tuberculosis death rate and case
prevalence rate are steadily declining in Massachusetts and at a
reasonably rapid pace.
Most tuberculosis authorities to-day feel that the tuberculosis prob-
lem is inextricably interwoven with the problem of child hygiene and
especially with the problem of childhood and adolescent nutrition.
For this reason as well as for many others I feel it should become a
major policy of this Department to foster and stimulate in every way
all movements designed to improve the nutrition of the growing child.
Small but not insignificant beginnings of work in this special field have
been inaugurated by the Division of Hygiene, but it is to be hoped
that this Department, all local boards of health, educational authori-
ties and many other organizations may expand nutritional work to a
very great extent in the immediate future.
In the field of adult pulmonary tuberculosis the great objective may
be summed up in the problem of "getting them earlier." .The chance
of cure or indefinite "arrest" of consumption by a period of treatment
in our tuberculosis institutions bears almost a direct geometrical ratio
to the promptness with which the disease is recognized and the patient
admitted. This problem of getting the incipient or early case into the
institutions built for and adapted to his needs has been the stumbling
block for the past two decades. From experiments already fairly well
tested in this State, it would seem as if a consulting service, particularly
for the rural towns, is the only real answer to this vexatious problem.
The year has not been noteworthy as regards any of our other com-
mon communicable diseases. Toward the end of the year scarlet fever
became abnormally prevalent in many parts of the State, but up to the
present the disease has fortunately been of a mild character and the
total deaths for the year are not above the average.
Diphtheria, measles, scarlet fever and whooping cough are still taken
too much for granted by our citizens. Diphtheria, for instance, is per-
haps more definitely controllable than any other serious disease of an
acutely infectious nature. By laboratory methods it is possible to
detect its presence, to detect carriers, to determine what individuals
are susceptible to it, by simple and harmless methods to artificially
render such susceptible persons immune for long periods of years, and
to combat the poison of the disease with complete success by means of
antitoxin if this is administered within the first twenty-four hours.
Yet the prevalence of this disease is alarming and the mortality from
it a pitiful tragedy because so unnecessary. The Department is in-
augurating an intensive campaign designed to arouse the public as to
10 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
the importance of having every suspicious "sore throat" seen early by
a competent physician and this needless "slaughter of the innocents"
prevented.
But here again we are prone to be blinded as to our progress by
viewing our results from too close a standpoint. If we take the trouble
to study critically the death returns from all these common infectious
diseases of children for any considerable number of years, it is sur-
prising to discover how our death rates from them have gradually
diminished, until now our "bad" years witness few if any more deaths
than the most favorable years of a generation ago.
And here once more I believe that health departments have been
too modest, or, perhaps, so afraid of the yearly variations of prevalence
and mortality that we have not emphasized enough the steady gains
made in fighting these maladies. There is no reason to suppose that
the nature of these diseases has changed, and I do not believe that
climatic changes, living conditions, or any other factors can explain
this decline in mortalities except the increasing efficiency of health
departments and .the slowly increasing popular comprehension and co-
operation in carrying out isolation and other administrative measures
designed to check the spread and diminish the mortality of such
diseases.
The average death rate from scarlet fever in Massachusetts for the
last nine years, 4.4 per 100,000 of population, is exactly one-half the
average death rate of the five years from 1905 to 1910, 8.7 per 100,000.
Diphtheria shows a decline of nearly one-third in the average mortaHty
for the same period. Whooping cough shows a distinct though much
less pronounced decline; measles a slight average decline, but one so
slight that it is hard to see that any real advance has been made in
reducing its mortality.
Infant Mortality and Child Hygiene.
Encouraging advances are recorded in the matter of infant mortality
for the past year. In this field, however, the demonstrated possibili-
ties of life saving are so greatly in excess of what Ave have hitherto
accomplished in this Commonwealth that gratification over our gains
is counterbalanced by mortification at our failure to achieve much
greater gains. The most salutary example in all the world for us is
perhaps New York City. No thinking person would declare the en-
vironmental conditions of congested New York equal to the average
environment of the homes of the State of Massachusetts. The two
populations are so nearly similar that comparisons based on aggregate
populations are perfectly fair. And yet the decline of infant deaths in
No. 34.] ANNUAL REPORT. 11
New York City so far exceeds the corresponding decline in Massa-
chusetts as to at once challenge our attention. At the present time
the average New York City infant has nearly a 15 per cent better
chance of survival than the average Massachusetts baby. There seem
to be only two possible reasons for this: first, a shifting racial stock in
New York City with increasing proportions of such races as the Jewish
and Italian, which have low infant mortality rates compared to other
race stocks; and, second, more intensive work on the part of the
authorities in prenatal, maternity and infant care.
The opportunities for life saving in this field by an extension of
nursing and obstetrical service are so great that I believe it is impera-
tive that the maternity benefit proposals before the Legislature should
receive most careful consideration by all intelligent citizens and some
form of such service be made available for every expectant mother in
the Commonwealth. Undoubtedly, many errors of commission and
omission will mark the early history of the administration of such a
law, but the practical certainty that its actual operation will quickly
produce a marked and continuous decline in both maternal and infant
mortality makes all such shortcomings insignificant as compared with
the shortsightedness of failing to try such measures at all.
The Laboratory Problem.
Every year for the past four years attention has been called to the
increasing inadequacy of our laboratories and to the growing insistence
of the authorities of Harvard University that the Department vacate
the laboratories at Forest Hills now occupied by us but belonging to
Harvard.
The high cost of building naturally led the Department to defer
asking legislative action during the war. The war is now over, but no
immediate or prospective decline in building costs is in sight, and the
• problem has steadily grown more urgent, until at length it has become
critical. I urge that the matter be placed before the General Court in
detail and that we strive by every legitimate means to impress upon
the incoming Legislature the necessity of making appropriations to
enable building to be begun during the present fiscal year. After care-
fully studying the problem again and again, I am convinced that the
original plan of obtaining sufficient land to keep stables and horses in
immediate proximity to the laboratory must be abandoned, and I
recommend that enough land for the laboratory alone be obtained well
within the metropolitan district, and if possible in Greater Boston, and
the farm and stable features transferred to State-owned land well out-
side. Our experiences of the fire risk involved, the impossibility of
12 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
ever adopting State House space in a satisfactory manner to laboratory
requirements, together with the pressing need for other purposes of the
space now occupied by our laboratories in the State House, have con-
vinced me that all our laboratory activities should be transferred to the
new laboratory building, and it will be impossible to properly carry on
our many laboratory activities unless the laboratory building is within
easy distance of mail, express and other transportatfon services.
The Water Supply Investigation.
Last year I devoted considerable space in my report to pointing out
the urgent necessity of making a new and comprehensive study of the
water supply needs of the Commonwealth. The General Court
authorized the carrying out of this study and the work is now in
progress under the joint direction of this Department and the Metro-
politan District Commission. It will take at least two years to com-
plete the study, but thereby a comprehensive policy can be adopted
by the State for the necessary future extension of its water supplies.
It is as yet too soon to draw any conclusions from this work.
The Plumbing Board.
For years the conflicting plumbing rules and regulations of the
various municipalities of the Commonwealth have been recognized as
a source of trouble and of additional expense to building operations.
There should be no need of varying material and devices in order to
meet the plumbing requirements of Boston, Brookline and Newton for
instance, yet under our present system such is the case.
Every one directly concerned felt that a more uniform code appli-
cable throughout the State ought to be worked out if it is at all
possil)le to do so. Hoping to make a start in this direction I appointed
early in the year a Plumbing Board, consisting of the representatives
named from each of the following bodies: —
Prof. G. C. Whipple, professor of sanitary engineering, Harvard University,
representing the Public Health Council of this Department.
James C. Coffey, executive officer, health department, Worcester, representing
the State Examiners of Plumbers.
Thomas M. Wilson, chief tenement house inspector, building department,
Boston, representing the New England Association of Plumbing Inspectors.
Edward C. Kelly of Boston, representing the jNIassachusetts State Association
of Master Plumbers.
Patrick J. Osborne, supervisor of plumbing in the Boston schoolhouse depart-
ment, representing the Massachusetts Association of Journeymen Plumbers.
No. 34.] ANNUAL REPORT. 13
These experts have attacked the various complex problems with
enthusiasm, have met regularly each week throu,i,^hout the year, have
amassed a truly astonishing amount of expert information on this
intricate subject, and have outlined a constructive plan to serve as a
basis for forming a new plumbing code. I feel that this masterly
report should have wide circulation among all interested in the sub-
ject. I also heartily approve the recommendation of this Board that
legislative authority be sought to empower this Department to con-
tinue the study and to draw up a complete plumbing code to be sub-
mitted to the General Court of 1921 for adoption.
National Health Problems.
In common with all State health executives I have been compelled
during the past year in the interests of our own State to devote no
little time to the question of co-operation with Federal departments
and bureaus in certain phases of health work.
Under the terms of the Chamberlain-Kahn act the United States
government now extends very substantial financial assistance to the
several States in the matter of venereal disease control ($36,000 an-
nually to Massachusetts). The same principle has been invoked in
proposed legislation for rural sanitation, physical education, infant
welfare, and general health administration, inspired by nearly as many
different Federal departments as there are proposals. This Federal
aid extension principle is a live issue at present in many lines of gov-
ernmental activity. It is by no means clear that the principle is
sound, and the merits of such proposals are further confused by the
present state of uncertainty in the Federal government as regards
health measures, because, as just stated, so many different Federal
departments are sponsoring various health policies with practically no
relation to each other and no co-ordination.
The attitude of nearly all State health executives is that we should
first strive to bring about a more definite co-ordination of all Federal
health activities, and then take up such questions of policy as the
Federal subsidy to the States in health work, for example, on their
merits, with that Federal department or commission which is finally
made responsible for carrying out all the health policies of the national
government. For instance, a Federal department whose work takes it
into some special corner of the health field, finding the machinery for
dealing with its specialty weak or lacking in many States, forthwith
proposes as a solution the creation of a Federal subsidy fund to be
administered by itself on such terms that the development of this
phase of health work throughout the country shall be dictated from
14 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Washington, entirely subordinating the initiative and moral responsi-
bility of the several States. No matter how well meaning such poli-
cies may be in the beginning there is grave danger they will lead to a
parasitic existence on the part of State and municipal departments.
If such a development occurs, in the long run the public welfare of the
several States will be less wholesomely promoted than by a slower
evolution of such work, dependent upon the impetus of public senti-
ment within the State bringing into operation the legislative and
financial machinery for achieving the same praiseworthy ends.
Whatever the outcome, the war has forever radically changed the
degree of contact of the State health departments with Washington.
Even those of us who wish we could get back to the very loose contact
of pre-war days (in which class I personally belong) recognize the im-
possibility of such a solution. For good or ill the tendency of the
times is the other way.
Co-operation with Volunteer Health Agencies.
For years all progressive health departments have recognized the
great value in their own work of close co-operation with such bodies
as tuberculosis societies, baby hygiene associations, visiting nursing
organizations, mental hygiene associations and others of like nature.
As these organizations have grown in resources, membership and pop-
ular prestige, some of them have become great national influences in
the field of public health. The American Red Cross as a result of its
war activities has come to occupy a pre-eminent place among such
voluntary civic welfare bodies. It has decided as one of its peace time
activities, in fact as its great activity, to enter the field of public health
and particularly to promote the movement for wider utilization of
public health nursing service throughout the country. It must be ad-
mitted, in spite of the clear declaration of poUcy by the Red Cross
that it intended in no sense to compete with or absorb existing private
or public agencies already engaged in pubhc health nursing work, that
in many quarters the expansion of public health nursing work by the
Red Cross has been viewed with suspicion and apprehension by other
agencies already in the field. From careful study of the development
of the Red Cross plan I am convinced that there is nothing in their
policy which is in any way detrimental to the best interests of any
health department's or voluntary organization's public health nursing
plans, and I therefore urge that the closest co-operation between the
Red Cross and this Department, as well as all the city and town
boards of health of the State, be striven for.
For many years past the closest and heartiest co-operation with the
No. 34.] ANNUAL REPORT. 15
State Tuberculosis League and its subordinate associations has been
maintained. I attribute in no small degree the advanced position
Massachusetts holds in tuberculosis work to this fact, and particularly
to the statesman-like policy of our tuberculosis societies' executives in
always transferring to the State and local health authorities definite
activities as soon as the general public appreciates their value to such
an extent as to be willing to support such work as part of the proper
province of the health authorities. This has never meant a cessation
of endeavor by the tuberculosis societies, but rather their constantly
turning to other pioneer work in the tuberculosis field.
Legislation recommended.
The following recommendations for legislation have been submitted
to the General Court: —
1. An act relative to the appointment of school nurses in cities and towns.
2. An act to provide for clean, sanitary and healthful food estabUsliments.
3. An act relative to the analysis of Uquor by the Department of PubUc
Health.
4. An act relative to the use of methyl alcohol.
5. An act authorizing cities and towns to establish and maintain centers for
preventive health work.
6. An act relative to the dissemination by advertising or otherwise of infor-
mation concerning certain diseases.
7. An act rslative to the maximum compensation of District Health Officers
and the number of such officers that the Department of PubUc Health may
have.
8. An act transferring certain duties of the State Department of Health
(Department of Pubhc Health) to the MetropoHtan District Commission,
9. A resolve authorizing the Department of Pubhc Health to study and
investigate the relation of medical social service to pubhc health problems.
10. An act amending the present cold-storage law.
11. A resolve authorizing the Department of Pubhc Health to make an
investigation as to the advisabihty of revising and codifying certain rules and
regulations relative to plumbing.
Division of Administration.
Several factors have added greatly to the work of the Division of
Administration during the past year. For example, the methods of
handling personnel matters have been completely revised in order to
comply with the regulations promulgated by the office of the Super-
visor of Administration. The addition of any new function, as, for
example, the transfer of the tuberculosis sanatoria, increases in-
16 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
evitably the labor of the Division, even with the simplest sort of sys-
tem maintained to keep record of the routine activities that must pass
through the office of the Commissioner, and it is absolutely essential
that another stenographer-clerk be added to the force to relieve the
heavy overload of work now being carried.
This Department has never organized the Division of Administra-
tion with a director, such duties being performed by the Commissioner
and his secretary, but with the increase in size and complexity of the
Department's activities the point has already been passed when the
Division should have a separate director and assume more completely
its proper function as a supervising organization for the routine fiscal,
field and record work of the entire Department. I recommend that
the Council give this question serious consideration during the coming
year with a view to making such a recommendation to the General
Court of 1921. It is to be remembered that all the work of the
Public Health Council itself is also carried out by the Commissioner's
secretary. It is interesting to note that in a neighboring State depart-
ment of health an executive clerk at .|4,000 salary and a departmental
secretary at $4,500 are necessary to carry on the functions of the
administration division.
Division of Sanitary Engineering.
The total number of applications received from cities, towns and
others, for advice with reference to water supply, drainage, sewerage
and similar subjects, presented for the consideration of this Division
during the year 1919 was 146 as compared with 147 in 1918. The
character of the work called for under these applications is much the
same as in the previous year. As in all the years since the war began,
the construction and extension of municipal works in water supply,
drainage and sewerage have been confined to meeting the most pressing
requirements.
The rainfall during the year, especially during the summer and
autumn seasons, has been much higher than usual; consequently,
there has been little difficulty from shortage of water supply, while, on
the other hand, the comparatively high flow of streams has reduced to
a minimum the effects of river pollution.
In addition to the regular work of the Division, certain special
duties imposed upon the Department by the Legislature of 1919 have
been referred to this Division for investigation and report. These
are —
No. 34.] ANNUAL REPORT. 17
Report relative to the pollution of the Charles River. (Chapter 9, Resolves
of 1919.)
Report relative to the pollution of the Blackstone River. . (Chapter 15,
Resolves of 1919.)
Investigation jointly with the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board of
the water supply needs and resources of the State, including the use of Great
Ponds. (Chapter 49, Resolves of 1919.)
Resolve extending the time for the report of the State Department of Health,
upon the cost of a sewerage system to prevent the pollution of the Mystic Lakes
in the towns of ArUngton and Winchester and the city of Medford. (Chapter
14, Resolves of 1919; former act, Chapter 34, Resolves of 1918.)
Inyestigation as to the pollution of the Taunton River and its tributaries.
(Chapter 29, Resolves of 1919.)
In accordance with these provisions these matters have been re-
ported upon direct as special reports to the General Court of 1920.
The work of ascertaining- the area and ownership of lands benefited
by the improvement of the Neponset River under the provisions of
chapter 655 of the Acts of the year 1911, and acts in amendment
thereof and in addition thereto, has been completed during the year,
and the work of estimating the special benefits to these lands as pro-
vided by the act is now under way. The determination of the owner-
ship of these lands has been a tedious and difficult one under the cir-
cumstances, but it has been carried out, it is believed, with sufficient
thoroughness to meet the requirements of the statutes.
Of the special investigations called for by the Legislature, by far the
most important is that which requires the investigation of the water
supply needs and resources of the Commonwealth. This work is the
most important undertaken by the Department for many years in its
relation to the health and comfort of the people of the State. The
growth of the metropolitan district has reached a stage where the first
enlargements of the system will soon become necessary, as expected
when the construction of the works was begun in 1895. In the mean-
time, other large areas in the neighborhood of the metropolitan district
and elsewhere are in need of a large increase in their water supplies.
This work was organized as promptly as practicable after the passage
of the necessary legislation, and the investigations in the field have
begun.
The season has been an unfavorable one for the satisfactory deter-
mination of the condition of the rivers called for in the special acts of
the Legislature of 1919, chiefly for the reason that the rainfall has been
large and the flow of the streams unusually high.
On the other hand, there has been a marked increase in manufactur-
18 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
ing and a growth in the number of manufacturing establishments
which discharge considerable quantities of offensive waste which have
caused an increase in the pollution of streams likely to be felt seriously
unless cared for when seasons of low rainfall again occur.
Under the provisions of chapter 289 of the General Acts of 1919,
relative to the improvement of certain low lands, the Drainage Board,
created by that act, has, in response to a petition, made the necessary
surveys to determine the practicability and cost of diking and draining
certain marsh lands lying west of Salisbury Beach near the boundary
line between Massachusetts and New Hampshire. Some of these lands
in fact lie within the latter State, and the necessity of confining the
work to the State of Massachusetts makes the cost of the work greater
than would probably be the case if the favorable conditions found just
within the New Hampshire boundary could be utilized in the construc-
tion of the works. The information collected has been reported to the
proprietors as required by the act.
Division of Water and Sewage Laboratories.
In the laboratories of this Division the usual large number of
chemical, bacterial and microscopical examinations of samples from the
water supplies, rivers, etc., in the State were made during the fiscal
year. This analytical work included 5,550 chemical, 1,800 micro-
scopical and 1,020 bacterial analyses. Special studies of sewage areas,
the purification of sewage, trade wastes and purification of water
required 3,050 additional chemical and 1,800 bacterial examinations.
Besides these analyses 574 determinations of lead, manganese, etc.,
were made in connection with studies of corrosion, manganese in
ground water and similar questions. Much field work was done in
co-operation with the Division of Sanitary Engineering, which included
1,051 determinations of dissolved oxygen, carbonic acid and alkalinity.
Special studies were made during the year on the following sub-
jects: —
Examination of shellfish from different areas to determine (1) the
variation in degree of pollution of clams from polluted sources during
the different seasons of the year, and to determine (2) the varying
bacterial content of clams from grossly polluted, slightly polluted, and
practically unpolluted sources; methods of the disposition of trade
wastes from different factories in the State; recovery of fertilizing
material and grease from the treatment of sewage by plain sedimenta-
tion, chemical precipitation and by the Miles acid process, so called,
using both sulphuric and sulphurous acid as a precipitant; modifica-
tions of the activated sludge process, including purification by agita-
No. 34.] ANNUAL REPORT. 19
tion without the use of air, and on methods of dehydrating sludge by
centrifugal machines.
During the year studies were also made of the self-purification of
sewage in large bodies, the purification of different water supplies in
the State, and the treatment of water with chlorine, especially the
Lawrence municipal supply after filtration, and the new Beverly and
Salem supply. The removal of color from water by methods already
described, and by a modification of the Anderson process, so called,
which seems to promise success, has also been carefully investigated,
together with the question of the control of the quality of water in
swimming pools.
Division of Communicable Diseases.
The activities of the Communicable Disease Division have continued
along the same general lines as in former years, with additional stress
being placed upon the control of diphtheria and typhoid fever.
Constant effort has been made to impress upon the general public
the fact that many of the deaths resulting from communicable diseases
are needless. In this work, publicity has been sought at various times
through the daily press and in bulletins, in an endeavor to bring to the
minds of the people the need of earlier and more complete diagnosis in
suspected cases of communicable disease.
The work of the subdivision of venereal diseases has increased tre-
mendously during the year. As the machinery for the handling of this
work becomes more efficient we find that our problems have become
more and more specialized in nature. Increased investigation of
sources of infection, together with more intensive medical-social follow-
up with the object of placing under treatment the lapsed case, has
been instituted with quite appreciable results. Here lies the greatest
chance for the prevention and control of venereal diseases. During
the ensuing year special effort will be made to make this work more
effective by placing trained social workers in these clinics in order that
the dangerously infected person may be placed under supervision, and,
when necessary, under control, without delay.
Circularization of various organizations, doctors, dentists and phar-
macists has been intensively carried out by letters and pamphlets, and
lectures to various groups of people have been given during the year
by members of our force.
A particularly effective means of placing information before selected
groups has been the so-called " study group." Small groups of intelli-
gent people have been gathered together and by lectures and the use
of Stokes' "World Problems in Disease Preverition" medical facts con-
20
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
cerning gonorrhoea and syphilis have been explained. It is hoped that
from these small units a large amount of knowledge will be dissemi-
nated to other persons or groups where it will be of much service.
At this time all of the sixteen State-approved and subsidized clinics
are in operation and it appears that in the near future others will have
to be established in order to adequately care for the increasing number
of patients. Attendance at venereal disease clinics offers the greatest
opportunity for the control of the actual case, and advertising the
time and place of holding the clinics in the respective areas should
result in a great increase in the number of patients coming under
treatment.
The work of the subdivision of tuberculosis is approximating the
results hoped for, and with still more intensive "follow-up" by local
authorities even better results can be expected.
Three county tuberculosis sanatoria are in operation, with a fourth
to open at an early date. It is certain that, with co-operative efforts
of the local boards of health, their nursing force and this Department,
these institutions can easily be filled to capacity.
The Bacteriological Laboratory has had a most successful and indus-
trious year, having examined more than 2.5,000 specimens, an increase
of 3,000 over the preceding year.
The total number of all kinds of examinations made follows: —
Diagnosis.
Release.
*Atypical.
Positive.
Negative.
Positive.
Negative,
Total.
Diphtheria,
Tuberculosis,
Typhoid fever: —
*Widaltest, .
Culture test, .
Gonorrhoea,
Malaria, ....
Pneumonia,
Miscellaneous,
1,366
949
370
59
417
3
8,463
2,800
1,171
491
3,610
88
1,641
3,455
81
14,925
3,749
1,622
550
4,027
91
497
293
Total
25,754
The State, as a whole, has been unusually free from communicable
diseases for the past year. The totals for all reportable diseases are
80,239 cases for 1917, 249,020 for 1918, and 112,089 for 1919. Ex-
cluding cases of lobar pneumonia and influenza for this three-year
period, nearly all of which for 1918 and 1919 represent the effect of the
epidemic, the figures are 78,483 cases in 1917, 90,384 cases for 1918,
No. 34.] ANNUAL REPORT. 21
and 67,087 cases for 1919. This remarkable showing for 1919 becomes
more pronounced if the total returns for venereal diseases are ex-
cluded. These diseases were reportable only during part of 1918, and
not at all during 1917. With their exclusion the comparative figures
for the reportable diseases are 78,483 for 1917, 79,419 for 1918, and
only 53,525 for 1919.
Scarlet fever and diphtheria were present in ordinary amounts until
the latter part of the year when scarlet fever of a mild type became
very prevalent all over the State during the past two months. Diph-
theria also increased markedly over 1918, but the monthly average did
not exceed the monthly incidence for the past five years.
There were only seven small outbreaks of typhoid fever. The largest
one, reaching a total of 38 cases, was due to an infected water supply.
Another outbreak due to milk infected by a typhoid carrier was re-
sponsible for 29 cases, while two others, due to a polluted well and
spring, respectively, caused 13 and 18 cases. The last large outbreak
of 10 cases was apparently due to food infected by a typhoid carrier.
This sets a new record for the State. The remaining cases of typhoid
have all been sporadic. In 209 instances it has been necessary to
make special epidemiological investigations, distributed as follows: —
Smallpox, 40
Anthrax, IS
Measles, 20
Scarlet fever, 19
Diphtheria, 23
Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, 14
Typhoid fever, 13
Whooping cough, 3
Leprosy, '3
Chicken pox, 1
Lethargic encephalitis, 33
Mumps, ' . . 4
Tetanus, 3
Malaria, 1
PeUagra, 1
Upon milk farms : —
Diphtheria, 3
Smallpox, 1
Scarlet fever, 6
Typhoid fever, 3
In smallpox, anthrax, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, leprosy,
lethargic encephalitis, tetanus and pellagra the individual cases were
investigated.
22
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Because of the unusual prevalence of disease in certain communities
"outbreak notices" were sent to the District Health Officers in 64
instances. The number of notices sent for each disease was as fol-
lows: —
Scarlet fever, 14
Measles, 20
Diphtheria, 19
Typhoid fever, 3
Whooping cough, 3
Malaria, . 1
Mumps, 3
During the twelve months ended Nov. 30, 1919, 497 specimens of
sputum were examined for pneumococci. Of these, 212 showed no
pneumococci and 285 showed pneumococci of the following types: —
Type I.
Type II.
Type III.
Type IV.
41
14.4%
33
11.6%
66
23.1%
145
50.9%
During the twelve months 13 typhoid carriers were found.
Division of Biologic Laboratoeies.
The principal task of the Division during the fiscal year covered by
this report was the readjustment from war conditions. The laboratory
at Forest Hills is practically a factory for the production of serums,
antitoxins and other prophylactic and diagnostic products. Much
difficulty was encountered in obtaining certain supplies, and the con-
stantly increasing costs rendered the financial situation increasingly un-
certain. As an example of the handicap under which the work of the
laboratory was done, it was impossible, for one thing, to obtain dialyz-
ing paper. This paper is necessary to concentrate and purify diph-
theria antitoxin. The difficulty in obtaining this material necessitated
certain changes in the production and distribution of antitoxic serum.
While some of the personnel of the Division entered war service, the
work of the laboratories suffered no serious interference for this reason.
On the other hand, both the Antitoxin and Vaccine Laboratory and
the Wassermann Laboratory were able to co-operate with and assist
both the Army and Navy in many ways.
No. 34.]
ANNUAL REPORT.
23
The following table summarizes the work done at the Antitoxin and
Vaccine Laboratory during the fiscal year 1919: —
1919.
1918.
Vaccine virus (doses),
Typhoid prophylactic (doses),
Paratyphoid prophylactic (doses),
Typhoid-paratyphoid (doses),
Diphtheria antitoxin (doses),
Antimeningitis serum (bottles),
Pneumococcus: —
Type I (bottles), .
Type II (bottles),
Schick outfits (bottles), .
Toxin-antitoxin (doses), .
196,277
16,735
1,615
56,316
130,195
4,452
369
189
9,600
1,133
217,650
24,578
1,950
25,263
183,039
4,558
357
366
6,400
426
The activities of the AVassermann Laboratory have not been unusual
during the present year. There have been a few minor changes in
personnel designed to make the work more efficient and less expensive.
The efforts made by this and other departments in the control of
venereal disease have shown the desirability of statistical data with
regard to both syphilis and gonorrhoea. Although the Wassermann
Laboratory has collected a wealth of such material, it has been delayed
in placing this in available form because of lack of clerical assistance.
This w^ork, however, is now proceeding with rapidity, and it is hoped
that at a very early date valuable statistical data will be in form for
publication.
The Wassermann Laboratory has continued to co-operate with the
Bureau of Animal Industry in making diagnostic tests for glanders,
rabies and other infections of animals.
The following table indicates the routine examinations made and
their number: —
1918.
Wassermann tests, ......
Gonococcus fixation tests, ....
Complement fixation tests for glanders,
Agglutination tests for glanders, .
Diagnostic examinations for rabies.
Pathological and bacteriological examinations.
31,304
27,534
150
-
126
646
-
215
80
61
85
45
24 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
In most instances the number of tests and examinations performed
exceeds that of last year. The only exception to this is in the case of
tests for glanders.
Division of Food and Drugs.
The work of the Division of Food and Drugs has increased about 18
per cent over the year 1918. During the first eleven months 12,989
samples were examined and 236 cases have been prosecuted, the total
fines imposed being $7,195. Ninety-five confiscations have been made,
the combined weight of such confiscated articles amounting to 250,008
pounds.
The State was covered more thoroughly than has been possible pre-
viously by the use of an automobile carrying two inspectors and one
chemist, together with sufficient laboratory equipment for preliminary
examinations. In this way many districts not readily accessible by
railroad were visited. The Division is indebted to Mr. Morrill of West
Springfield, Mr. Mecarta of Barnstable and Mr. Hyde of North
Adams, local milk inspectors, as well as Dr. Lindsay, director of the
Amherst x\gricultural Experiment Station, who permitted the use of
their laboratories on some of these trips.
An unusually large number of liquor samples have been submitted
by police departments, and it was found that the privilege of free
analysis has been abused, because a large number of these samples
were submitted by the LTnited States Internal Revenue Department,
through the medium of the police departments, the samples being ob-
tained from dealers licensed to sell such liquors by Massachusetts
licensing boards.
An investigation of soft drink factories has been made with a view
to improving sanitary conditions in such establishments. It was found
that they are frequently operated with practically no thought of
cleanliness or decency, and conditions which would not be tolerated
upon any dairy farm are quite common in such establishments. A
sanitary food law should be enacted to prevent such establishments
from competing with those bottlers of high-grade products produced in
clean factories under clean conditions.
The Division presented evidence of violation of the cold-storage law
in the so-called fish conspiracy case, tried by the Attorney-General in
the Suft'olk District Superior Court. It so happens that there is more
violation of the cold-storage laws in relation to fish than in relation to
any other article of food, due probably to the fact that the law per-
mits fish to be placed in cold storage undated, while all other food-
stuffs must carry the date of entry when placed in storage. In one
instance an attempt was made to put a carload of fish in storage in
No. 34.] ANNUAL REPORT. 25
Boston, which, though originally salt-water fish, had been stored in
Chicago, shipped from New York to Boston, and, when this Depart-
ment refused admission to Massachusetts storage because of its age,
was shipped to Cleveland, Ohio, for storage.
It was necessary to grant eighty extensions of time in storage during
the first eleven months of the fiscal year.
Owing to a disastrous fire in the laboratory from the breaking of a
carboy of ether, resulting in the loss of one life, the arsphenamine
work was removed from the State House to a laboratory building in
the Fenway, Boston. It was estimated that this would curtail pro-
duction for about two months, and a large surplus of arsphenamine
was prepared. The transfer of apparatus, delays in new construction,
and the strike of electric linemen, resulted in a delay of five months.
The production will soon be brought to the former rate, how^ever.
Division of Hygiene.
The activities of the Division of Hygiene for the year may be sum-
marized under the principal headings of public health nursing activi-
ties, food in relationship to health, mouth hygiene, work against can-
cer and educational work.
In order to be able intelligently to advise towns regarding their
public health nursing needs, this Division co-operated with the District
Health Officers during the past year in a survey which included an
enumeration of the existing nursing facilities of the different com-
munities, together with an estimate as to future needs. Special studies
have also received attention. The Division is now engaged in a study
of the midwife situation in Massachusetts, of open-air classes, and of the
various factors which would enter into a system of maternity benefits.
The work of food in its relationship to health has been extended
greatly during the past year, though no new personnel has been em-
ployed. Food exhibits and lecture material have been considerably
extended. It is felt, however, that a need exists for the broader treat-
ment of the subject. Disconnected efforts are being made by various
organizations to handle parts of the problem. A State-wide policy is
sadly needed so that every ounce of effort may tell. Nutrition clinics
need to be stimulated and, when obtained, standardized. To this end
the Division is making a study of existing clinics. Experts in dietet-
ics ought to be available in every community. Such experts would
logically be attached to health centers where such exist. From these
centers would radiate an influence which would touch the schools and
the home, making possible a more rational attention to the basic
nutritional needs of the community.
Another new departure this year has been the appointment of a
26 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
supervisor of mouth hygiene. This branch of work has been too long
neglected as a factor in preventive medicine. As a result of these
activities new dental dispensaries will be established, standardization
accomplished, and the public instructed as to the part which mouth
hygiene can play in the preservation of health.
The work of furnishing diagnostic service for physicians with pa-
tients who possibly may have cancer has been continued. The work,
as heretofore, is carried out in co-operation with the Cancer Commis-
sion of Harvard University. In addition to this service, all the
physicians of the State have been furnished with a pamphlet prepared
by the American Society for the Control of Cancer and dealing with
the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Our lecture service has been extended wherever possible to reach all
influential groups which can further the cause of public health. In all,
571 lectures were given by the Department to aggregate audiences of
over 100,000 persons. The health exhibits of the Division have been
increased and improved. Important relationships have been estab-
lished with the Massachusetts Tuberculosis League, the Massachusetts
Child Labor Committee, and the League for Preventive Work, whereby
the health exhibits maintained by these organizations travel with ours.
In this way all reach a larger audience at a smaller overhead expense.
New pamphlets have been issued from time to time. Probably the
most important of these has been an outline for teaching child welfare,
which was prepared in co-operation •with the State Board of Education
for use in vocational and other schools.
Preparations are now under way to establish a lecture course on the
outlines of public health nursing for training schools in nursing. These
lectures will be given by the District Health Officers and the personnel
of the Division of Hygiene.
An innovation this year was the maintenance of a diagnostic service
for children at the agricultural fairs. A physician skilled in pediatrics
was present to examine children and to advise with parents. No
treatment was offered, all cases in need thereof being referred to their
family physician. This service was offered largely as an educational
measure and was decidedly successful. It is recommended that this
diagnostic service be made permanent and extended to the whole
State, especially throughout the rural sections.
Appropriations.
The appropriations for the year ended Nov. 30, 1919, as recom-
mended by the Commissioner of Health in the annual estimates made
under the provisions of section 26, chapter 6, of the Revised Laws,
were as follows : —
No. 34.] ANNUAL REPORT. 27
Regular Appropriations.
For the Division of Administration, $28,700 00
For the Division of Hygiene, 27,850 00
For the Division of Communicable Diseases, 101,350 00
For antitoxin and vaccine Ijonph, 50,300 00
For the manufacture and distribution of arsphenamine, . . . 19,200 00
For the Division of Food and Drug Inspection, .... 34,000 00
For the Division of Water Supply and Sewage Disposal, . . 66,000 00
For the State Examiners of Plumbers, . . . . . . 4,800 00
For an investigation relative to the causes of cancer, and for further
investigations for the treatment or prevention of cancer, . . 3,000 00
Total, $335,200 00
Special Appropriations.
For the control, suppression and treatment of ve-
nereal diseases, balance from 1918, .... $10,490 01
For ascertaining the cost of a sewerage system to pre-
vent the pollution of the Mystic Lakes, . . . 500 00
10,990 01
Emergency Appropriations. ^
For work in connection with the epidemic of influenza-pneumonia, 5,000 00
$351,190 01
Expenditures.
The expenditures under the different appropriations for the year
ended Nov. 30, 1919, were as follows: —
Regular Appropriations.
Division of Administration.
Appropriation, $28,700 00
Credit, brought over from 1918 appropriation, 30 17
$28,730 17
Salaries, $19,016 86
TraveUng, • 963 34
Express, 187 52
Printing and binding, 735 05
Books and subscriptions, 312 15
Advertising, 20 82
Stationery, maps and blue prints, 504 56
' Transferred by the Governor and Council from their appropriation for extraordinary expenses.
28 STATE DEP.ARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Postage and postal orders, $1,785 80
Telephone and telegraph messages, 960 85
Typewriting supplies and repairs, 226 35
Sundry office supplies, . . 166 68
Messenger, 257 36
Miscellaneous, 82 01
Total, $25,219 35
Unexpended balance, 3,510 82
$28,730 17
Division of Hygiene.
Appropriation, $27,850 00
Credit, cash returned to treasury, 5 70
Credit, brought over from 1918 appropriation, 532 11
$28,387 81
Salaries, $13,501 68
TraveUng, • . 4,097 06
Express, 452 30
Printing and binding, 4,311 16
Books and subscriptions, 4 86
Advertising and educational work, 3,000 61
Stationery, maps and blue prints, 395 68
Postage, 386 94
Telephone and telegraph, 31 30
Typewriting supplies and repairs, 239 08
Extra service, 196 06
Purchase and maintenance of auto truck, 1,250 41
Office supplies, 8 77
Laboratory supplies, 48 27
Miscellaneous, . 92 00
Total, $28,016 18
Unexpended balance, 371 63
$28,387 81
Division of Communicable Diseases.
Appropriation, ^ $101,350 00
Credit, brought forward from 1918, 12 50
Credit, cash returned to treasury, 59 98
$101,422 48
' Includes 1919 appropriation for venereal diseases, against which nothing was drawn until September
as there was a balance available from the 1918 appropriation for this purpose.
No. 34.1
ANNUAL REPORT.
29
Salaries, .
Traveling,
Express, .
Printing and binding,
Books, maps and educational supplies,
Postage,
Typewriting supplies and rental, .
Extra services, ....
Telephone and telegi-aph,
Office supplies and stationery.
Laboratory and experimental work,
Office supplies, inspectors,
CUnics,
Animals, .
Food for animals.
Labor,
Miscellaneous, .
Office rent and light
Total,
Unexpended balance,
So3,770 96
13,217 36
30 74
2,097 35
655 42
1,091 71
231 35
368 05
609 00
982 73
2,445 90
40 10
4,975 00
79 05
14 21
25 50
62 10
741 87
$81,438 40
19,984 08
,422 48
Production and Distribution of Antitoxin and Vaccine Lyrnph.
Appropriation, $50,300 00
Credit, brought forward from 1918, 284 27
Credit, cash returned to treasury, 3 75
$50,588 02
Salaries,
$22,651 13
Apparatus, chemicals and laboratory supplies, .
8,478 65
TraveUng,
203 08
Express,
131 93
Books and stationery.
713 89
Printing,
812 08
Purchase of animals.
1,300 46
Shipping,
1,382 62
Services of veterinary and saddlery.
24 60
Food for animals, ....
6,527 02
Rental of telephone, messages and postage.
- 583 11
Rent,
. 2,058 32
Water, gas and electric fighting, heatinj
T
5)
703 76
30
STATE DEPAIIT:MEXT of health. [Pub. Doc.
Labor and materials,
Ice, . . . .
Miscellaneous, .
Total, .
Unexpended balance,
S2,454 64
476 38
437 37
$48,939 04
1,648 98
$50,588 02
Manufacture and Distribution of Arsiphenomine.
Appropriation,
Salaries,
Apparatus, chemicals and laboratory supplies,
Ser\aces, testing arsphenamine.
Animals, ....
Traveling, ....
Rent,
Express, ....
Labor, ....
Piu"chase of arsphenamine,
Heat and light, .
Miscellaneous, .
Total, ....
Unexpended balance.
Division of Food and Drug Inspection.
Appropriation,
Credit, brought forward from 1918,
Salaries,
Apparatus and chemicals,
Travehng, .
Express,
Printing,
Books, maps and stationery,
Telephone, telegraph messages and postage,
Sundr}^ laboratory supphes, .
Typewriting suppUes and repairs.
Branding outfits,
Samples,
Extra services, .
Miscellaneous, .
Tota^, .
Unexpended balance.
$19,200 00
4,336
19
2,329
12
225 00
113
50
62
37
375
00
13
74
65 00
5,040 00
53
75
34 24
$12,647 91
6,552
09
$19,200 00
$34,000 00
32
19
$34,032
19
$25,378
14
601
47
5,766
77
89
88
452 04
317
58
392 45
262
38
29
80
77 93
457 81
35 00
31
18
$33,892 43
139 76
$34,032 19
No. 34.
ANNUAL REPORT.
31
Division of Water Supply and Sewage Disposal.
Appropriation,
Credit, cash returned to treasury, .......
Salaries,
Apparatus and materials.
Traveling, ....
Express, ....
Printing and binding.
Maps, blue prints and books,
Stationery, drawing materials and typewriting supplies,
Telephone and telegi'aph messages and postage,
Services collecting samples and reading gages, .
Labor,
Rent,
Miscellaneous,
Total, .
Unexpended balance.
Appropriation, .
$66,000 00
101 60
$66,101 60
51,286 19
2,967 38
5,650 68
1,364 01
1,002 28
202 76
607 39
234 44
350 45
87 10
150 00
73 61
State Examiners of Plumbers.
$63,976 29
2,125 31
$66,101 60
$4,800 00
Salaries,
Examiner's wages,
Traveling, .
Express,
Printing,
Postage,
Books and stationery,
Plumbers' materials.
Extra services, .
Cleaning, .
Office suppUes, .
Telephone and lighting,
Total, .
Unexpended balance,
2,604 50
405 00
457 88
40 88
95 63
95 00
71 38
8 00
426 50
19 00
3 98
101 07
S4,328 82
471 18
$4,800 00
32
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Investigation relative to the Causes of Cancer.
Appropriation, $3,000 00
Special investigation,
Pamphlets,
Printing,
Laboratory supplies.
$833 32
330 00
5 55
29 59
Total, .
Unexpended balance.
Special Appropriahons.
Control, Sujjpression and Treatment of Venereal Diseases {Chapter
Acts of 1918).
Appropriation,
Expended in 1918,
Balance, ....
Credit, cash returned to treasury,
$1,198 46
1,801 54
$3,000 00
140, Special
$30,000 00
19,529 99
$10,470 01
1,080 82
Salaries,
Traveling, .
Express and shipping.
Postage,
Telephone and telegraph,
Books and stationery.
Printing,
Typewriting supplies,
Clinic subsidies,
Educational material,
$11,550 83
$5,144 48
342
52
41
87
19
50
6 37
183
42
559
26
75
60
5,025
00
152
62
Total, .
Unexpended balance,
$11,550 64
19
Ll,550 83
No. 34.] ANNUAL REPORT. 33
Ascertaining the Cost of a Sewerage System to -prevent the Pollution of the Mystic
Lakes (Chapter I4, Resolves of 1919).
Appropriation, $500 00
Salaries, 1405 00
Traveling, ' 8 00
Total, S413 00
Unexpended balance, 87 00
$500 00
Emergency Appropriations.
Work in Connection with the Epidemic of Influenza-Pneumonia.
Appropriation, $5,000 00
Salaries, Sl,477 91
Traveling, 592 92
Printing, 51 39
Postage, 215 00
Laboratory supplies, 89 66
Miscellaneous, 3 32
Total, $2,430 20
Unexpended balance, 2,569 80
$5,000 00
34
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [P. D. No. 34.
Recapitulation.
Regular Appropriations.
Appropria-
tion.
Expended.
For the Division of Administration, ........
For the Division of Hygiene
For the Division of Communicable Diseases, ......
For antitoxin and vaccine lymph,
For the manufacture and distribution of arsphenamine, ...
For the Division of Food and Drug Inspection,
For the Division of Water Supply and Sewage Disposal, .
For the State Examiners of Plumbers, ......
For an investigation relative to the causes of cancer, and for further investi-
gations for the treatment or prevention of cancer.
Total, ............
$28,700 00
27,850 00
101,350 00
50,300 00
10,200 00
34,000 00
66,000 00
4,800 00
3,000 00
S25,219 351
28,016 181
81,438 401
48,939 041
12,647 91
33,892 431
63,976 291
4,328 82
1,198 46
$335,200 00
$299,656 88
Special Appropriations.
For the control, suppression and treatment of venereal diseases, balance
from 1918.
For ascertaining the cost of a sewerage system to prevent the pollution of
the Mystic Lakes.
Total,
$10,490 01
500 00
$10,990 01
$11,550 641
413 00
$11,963 64
Emergency Appropriations.
For work in connection with the epidemic of influenza-pneumonia, . . $5,000 00 $2,430 20
1 Credits, cash returned to the State treasury and brought forward from 1918.
SUPPLEME^TT
135]
Division of Sanitmy ExNgineering
X. H. GooDNOUGH, Director
[37]
EEPORT OF DIVISION OF SANITAEY ENGINEEKING.
The duties of this Division relate in general to the oversight and
care of inland waters, including advice to cities, towns and persons
relative to water supply, drainage, sewerage, sewage disposal and
questions relating thereto. During the year 1919 the Department has
received 146 applications for advice, of whicL 43 were in relation to
public water supplies, 56 to private supplies, 4 to sources of ice
supply, 19 to sewerage, drainage and sewage disposal, 6 to pollution
of streams and 18 to miscellaneous matters.
As was the case during the years 1917 and 1918, very little per-
manent work relative to the introduction of new water suppHes or
the extension of old ones has been carried out during the year, such
works as have been constructed being limited chiefly to cases of
emergency, the high cost of materials and labor making construction
work at the present time very costly. A number of investigations
have been made, however, and plans prepared for the construction of
new water works as soon as the conditions become more favorable
for carrying on such construction at a reasonable cost.
The total number of cities and towns in the State is 354, of which
215 are provided with public water supplies. Many of the remaining
towns are very small, with no considerable aggregation of popula-
tion at any point, but there are still 21 towns, which had by the
census of 1915 a population in excess of 2,000, in which the domestic
water supply of the inhabitants is derived wholly from private wells.
The Department has examined the private wells in many villages
and towns where no public water supply exists, and in some cases
has tested all of the wells in use. The results of these tests show
that the wells in the populated districts of towns and villages are
invariably affected in a greater or less degree by the sewage and
other refuse deposited upon the ground in their neighborhood, and
in some cases these wells are so grossly polluted as to be utterly
unsafe for use for drinking. It is not practicable in such populous
areas to obtain water of good quality, since numerous tests have shown
that the ground waters beneath populous areas are very generally
affected by sewage pollution, and that good waters cannot be obtained
in such locations.
An important sanitary problem at the present time is that which
40 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
has been brought about by the development of lands for occupation
by summer cottages and camps, the number of which is increasing
very rapidly, not only along the seashore, but especially along the
banks of rivers and the shores of lakes and ponds. In some of these
communities lots are being laid out and occupied for camps and
cottages which are so small in area that it is impracticable to locate
a well upon them at any point within their limits at such a distance
from a neighboring receptacle for sewage as to avoid danger of the
pollution of the well. Such settlements as these are often remote
from the thickly settled portions of the towns within which they are
situated, and it is often impracticable for a town or a water company
to provide a water supply in these communities and secure sufficient
income therefrom to pay a reasonable return on the improvement
and prevent such settlements from being a burden on the other
water takers. Some of these settlements, however, are located in
towns where no water supply has yet been introduced. Under such
conditions the advantages of living in otherwise excellent surroundings
may be more than offset by the use of an unsafe water supply and by
objectionable methods of sewage disposal. In cases where it is prac-
ticable to extend public water supplies to such communities there is
often hesitation to do so on the part of water departments, and
especially of private companies, because complaint frequently arises
on account of the necessity of charging for water, even though used
for only a few weeks in summer, practically the same amount that
would be charged for the entire year. The health authorities are
attempting to meet this problem, which is becoming a most difficult
one in many communities and can probably only be met, in some
cases at least, by legislation. In the opinion of the Department
the subject is one which should receive thorough investigation with a
view to providing such legislation as may be necessary to prevent
injury to the public health from such settlements, the number and
size of which are rapidly increasing.
Early in the year, upon petition of the authorities of the city of
Haverhill, the rules and regulations adopted for the sanitary pro-
tection of Lake Saltonstall were rescinded by the Department and
the use of the lake as a source of water supply temporarily discon-
tinued. Following the suspension of these protective rules it was
reported that the use of the lake by the public resulted in gross
abuses, and the Department was subsequently petitioned for the re-
estabHshment of these regulations. The question of the further use
of this source of water supply is still under investigation.
A regulation adopted by the Department providing that no permits
should be granted for entering upon ponds and reservoirs used as
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
41
sources of water supply was rescinded in the spring of 1918, and the
conditions affecting the granting of permits for boating, fishing, ice
cutting, etc., on sources of water supply were restored to those
existing before the war.
Sanitary Protection of Public Water Supplies.
Under the provisions of chapter 75, section 113, of the Revised
Laws, as amended by chapter 467 of the Acts of 1907, this Depart-
ment, at the request of municipal authorities, during the past year
has adopted rules and regulations for the sanitary protection of the
water supplies of the city of Leominster and the town of Dalton, and
also for the protection of the water supply of the town of Lee, sup-
plied by the Berkshire Water Company.
The following list shows the cities and towns in Massachusetts the
water supplies of which are now protected by similar rules and
regulations: —
Abington and Rockland.
Lincoln and Concord.
Amherst.
LATin.
Andover.
IMarlborough.
Attleboro.
MajTiard.
Braintree.
Montague.
Brockton and Whitman.
Northampton.
Cambridge.
North Andover.
Chester.
Northborough.
Chicopee.
Norwood.
Concord.
Peabody.
Dalton.
Pittsfieid.
Danvers and Middleton.
Pljanouth.
Easthampton.
Randolph and Holbrook.
Fall River.
Rockport.
Falmouth.
Russell.
Fitchburg.
Rutland.
Gardner.
Salem and Beverly.
Great Barrington (Housatonic).
Springfield.
Greenfield.
Springfield and Ludlow.
Haverhill.
Stockbridge.
Hingham and Hull.
Taunton.
Hold en.
Wakefield.
Holyoke.
Westfield.
Hudson.
West Springfield.
Lee.
Weymouth.
Leicester (Cherry VaUey and
Williamsburg.
Rochdale).
Winchester.
Leominster.
Worcester.
42 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Work required by Special Legislation.
Under the legislation of 1919 extra work was committed to this
Department in connection with special investigations under the
following resolves of the Legislature: Mystic Lakes (chapter 34,
Resolves of 1918, and chapter 14, Resolves of 1919); Taunton River
(chapter 29, Resolves of 1919); Blackstone River (chapter 15, Resolves
of 1919); and Charles River (chapter 9, Resolves of 1919).
The engineering work in connection with the foregoing matters
has been carried out by the Engineering Division.
Under the provisions of chapter 49 of the Resolves of 1919 the
MetropoHtan Water and Sewerage Board and the State Department
of Health, acting jointly, are directed to investigate the water supply
needs and resources of the Commonwealth, and under this act the
Joint Board was organized in July as follows: —
Chairman, Dr. Henry P. Walcott, chairman, JMetropohtan Water and Sewerage
Board.
Chief engineer and secretary, X. H. Goodnough, chief engineer, State Depart-
ment of Health.
Consuhing engineer, Frederic P. Stearns, formerly chief engineer, MetropoHtan
Water and Sewerage Board.
The sudden death of Mr. Stearns on Dec. 1, 1919, removed from
the staff the engineer who was most famihar with the construction
and operation of the metropolitan water works, beginning with the
first extensions which followed the introduction of water into Boston
in 1848. Mr. Stearns not only served the State of Massachusetts in
the construction of the great metropoHtan water system, but had been
consulting engineer in a large number of vast engineering projects, in-
cluding the Panama Canal and the water supply of greater New York.
His loss at this time deprives the Joint Board of the assistance of the
expert best qualified to advise on the larger problems of water supply
with which the State is now confronted.
At about the same time, following a general reorganization of the
departments of the State, the chairman of the Joint Board, Dr.
Henry P. Walcott, after long years of public labor, withdrew from the
active service of the Commonwealth. As chairman of the State
Board of Health which designed and recommended to the Legislature
the metropolitan water system, and later as a member of the Metro-
politan Water Board during the most of its existence, and its chair-
man for many years. Dr. Walcott possessed a remarkable and unique
acquaintance with all the important problems of water supply affect-
ing not merely the metropolitan district but all of the cities and
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
43
towns of the State, and his retirement is greatly regretted. These
losses made necessary at the end of the year changes in the organi-
zation of the Joint Board.
The work has now been organized, and investigations are pro-
gressing at the present time as rapidly as practicable.
Examination of Public Water Supplies.
The usual examinations of public water supplies have been carried
on during the year, and many of the sources of supply have been in-
spected by the engineers of this Division. Chemical examinations
of the various sources of supply have also been made as usual at in-
tervals of from one to four months, and in a few cases bacterial
tests have been made where such tests appeared necessary or desirable.
On account of the heavy rainfall there has been no necessity for the
use of auxiliary water supplies in emergencies, as commonly happens
in dry seasons or in very cold winters.
Following are average results of chemical analyses of the sources
examined in 1919.
Analysis of the Water of Public Water Supplies.
Averages of Chemical Analyses of Surface-water Sources for the Year 1919.
PParts in 100,000.]
C
o
o
O
o
ft
t
a
o .
.2 2
m cS
Ammonia.
6
a
o
o
Source.
Free.
ALBUMINOID.
CiTT OR Town.
3
o
-a
a>
•a
a
a
ft
3
m
c
-3
u
s
Metropolitan Water
District.
Wachusett Reservoir, upper end,
Wachusett Reservoir, low-er end,
.34
.14
4.18
3.39
.0024
.0020
.0163
.0127
.0028
.0019
.30
.29
1.1
1.1
Sudbury Reseri-oir, .
.18
3.78
.0022
.0147
.0022
.33
1.4
Framingham Reservoir, No. 3,
.18
3.90
.0032
.0159
.0032
.35
1.3
Hopkinton Reservoir,
.58
4.52
.0040
.0204
.0020
.39
1.3
Ashland Reservoir,
.56
4.50
.0039
.0236
.0017
.36
1.3
Framingham Reservoir No
2,
.79
5.66
.0060
.0265
.0025
.54
1.5
Lake Cochituate,
.20
6.46
.0024
.0270
.0064
.70
2.7
Chestnut Hill Reservoir,
.17
3.90
.0024
.0137
.0025
.36
1.5
Weston Reservoir,
.16
4.11
.0019
.0137
.0021
.33
1.4
Spot Pond, .
.09
3.79
.0020
.0152
.0023
.36
1.4
Tap in State House, .
.20
4.32
.0010
.0133
.0023
•.36
1.5
Tap in Revere, .
.09
3.41
.0006
.0135
.0017
.34
1.4
Tap in Quincy, .
.16
3.94
.0009
.0111
.0013
.37
1.5
44
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Averages of Chemical Analyses of Surface-icaler Sources, etc. ■ — Continued.
[Parts in 100,000.1
Source.
a
>
w
a
o
Ammonia.
ALBUMINOID.
City or Town.
■d
01
(K
"o
O
2 «'
Pi
3
o
T3
a
a
1
o
i
ca
Abington,
Big Sandy Pond,
.10
3.77
.0050
.0158
.0021
.71
1.2
Adams, .
Dry Brook, ....
.21
7.07
.0016
.0095
.0011
.14
4.7
Bassett Brook, ....
.04
3.66
.0013
.0043
.0004
.12
2.3
Amherst,
Amethyst Brook large reservoir,
.49
3.60
.0023
.0120
.0016
.15
0.8
Amethyst Brook small reservoir.
.21
3.00
.0029
.0121
.0022
.16
0.8
Andover,
Haggett's Pond
.15
4.35
.0027
.0189
.0044
.38
1.6
Ashburnham,
Upper Naukeag Lake,
.12
2.42
.0012
.0076
.0009
.17
0.5
Ashfield,
Bear Swamp Brook, .
.28
5.47
.0023
.0136
.0015
.17
2.8
Athol, .
Phillipston Reservoir,
1.05
5.32
.0054
.0337
.0099
.22
1.2
Buckman Brook Reservoir,
.30
3.55
.0023
.0201
.0069
.15
0.8
Inlet of Filter
.40
3.84
.0066
.0262
.0069
.16
1.0
Outlet of Filter, ....
.45
4.48
.0045
.0215
-
.17
1.1
Barre,
Reservoir
.15
3.87
.0023
.0139
.0016
.16
1.5
Blandford,
Freeland Brook
.06
3.42
.0006
.0041
.0004
.23
1.5
Brockton,
Silver Lake, ....
.13
3.50
.0016
.0134
.0022
.60
0.8
Cambridge, .
Lower Hobbs Brook Reservoir, .
.20
6.11
.0060
.0238
.0026
.51
2.5
Stony Brook Reservoir,
.51
6.75
.0042
.0265
.0030
.57
2.5
Fresh Pond
.28
6.81
.0069
.0273
.0080
.61
2.9
Cheshire,
Thunder Brook
.01
6.65
.0002
.0050
.0004
.15
8.4
Kitchen Brook
.01
4.90
.0002
.0026
.0000
.14
5.1
Chicopee,
Cooley Brook, ....
.74
3.74
.0053
.0165
.0041
.21
1.4
Colrain, .
McClellan Reservoir, .
.06
8.05
.0042
.0071
.0005
.17
5.2
Concord,
Nagog Pond, ....
.09
2.74
.0013
.0124
.0015
.38
0.8
Dal ton, .
Egypt Brook Reservoir,
.41
3.75
.0048
.0172
.0032
.19
2.6
Cady Brook
.33
5.22
.0016
.0167
.0021
.13
2.8
Danvers,
Middleton Pond,
.49
5.11
.0061
.0240
.0038
.42
1.9
Deerfield (South), .
Roaring Brook, ....
.09
6.92
.0004
.0060
.0014
.16
4.3
Egremont (South),.
Goodale Brook
.03
5 00
.0000
.0028
.0000
.14
3.3
Fall River, .
North Watuppa Lake,
.15
4.20
.0015
.0172
.0025
.61
1.0
Falmouth,
Long Pond, ....
.03
3 49
.0016
.0121
.0014
1.10
0.6
Fitchburg,
Meetinghouse Pond, .
.10
2.98
.0032
.0180
.0018
.21
1.1
Scott Reservoir, ....
.19
3.47
.0058
.0186
.0038
.23
0.7
Wachusett Lake,
.11
3.02
.0046
.0166
.0026
.19
0.9
Falulah Brook, ....
.22
3.34
.0041
1
.0152
.0026
.22
0.7
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITAEY ENGINEERING.
45
Averages of Chemical Aiialyses of Surface-water Sotirces, etc. — Continued.
[Parts in 100,000.]
Source.
o
a
>
H
0
o
Ammonia.
ALBUMINOID.
City or Town.
13
ED
.2 2
35 03
6
o
i-,
3
^
a
6
o
CD
g
03
15
Fitchburg — Con. .
Ashby Reservoir,
.35
3.26
.0112
.0265
.0036
.20
0.7
Gardner,
Crystal Lake
.12
4.51
.0021
.0168
.0033
.33
1.9
Gloucester,
Dike's Brook Reservoir, .
.30
4.25
.0030
.0148
.0023
.74
0.5
Wallace Reservoir,
.56
4.78
.0040
.0192
.0026
.89
0.5
Haskell Brook Reservoir, .
.19
3.79
.0011
.0122
.0017
.78
0.6
Great Barrington, .
East Mountain Reservoir, .
.18
6.12
.0015
.0123
.0015
.12
4.0
Green River
.01
12.32
.0006
.0070
.0006
.13
10.2
Great Barrington
(Housatonic).
Greenfield,
Long Pond, ....
Glen Brook Lower Reservoir, .
.08
.05
9.20
5.75
.0033
.0012
.0190
.0082
.0027
.0014
.15
.17
6.9
3.5
Hadley, .
Hart's Brook Reservoir,
.10
5.12
.0026
.0083
.0019
.16
2.2
Hatfield,
Running Gutter Brook Reservoir,
.10
5.52
.0035
.0061
.0007
.21
2.8
Haverhill,
Johnson's Pond
.15
4.87
.0019
.0174
.0016
.48
2.5
Crystal Lake, ....
.19
3.55
.0019
.0175
.0013
.37
1.4
Kenoza Lake
.21
5.16
.0018
.0198
.0026
.43
2.5
Lake Saltonstall,
.08
6.16
.0029
.0192
.0021
.63
3.1
Lake Pentucket,
.15
4.96
.0024
.0212
.0035
.47
2.4
Millvale Reservoir,
.60
5.62
.0031
.0198
.0024
.38
2.1
Hingham,
Accord Pond
.26
3.64
.0016
.0156
.0027
.54
0.5
Hinsdale,
Reservoir
.25
3.02
.0012
.0145
.0029
.10
0.8
Holyoke,
Whiting Street Reservoir, .
.13
5.14
.0043
.0157
.0020
.22
2.9
Fomer Reservoir,
.35
4.23
.0046
.0152
.0019
.17
1.7
Wright and Ashley Pond, .
.11
5.48
.0045
.0154
.0028
.19
2.8
High Service Reservoir,
.11
4.19
.0041
.0181
.0032
.21
2.0
White Reservoir,
.24
4.10
.0070
.0195
.0038
.19
1.7
Hudson,
Gates Pond, ....
.07
3.34
.0026
.0182
.0044
.26
1.4
Huntington, .
Cold Brook Reservoir,
.16
3.65
.0002
.0078
.0010
.18
1.7
Ipswich, .
Dow's Brook Reservoir,
.27
5.75
.0042
.0175
.0022
.69
1.9
Lawrence,
Merrimack River, filtered,
.40
6.06
.0047
.0072
-
.48
1.1
Lee,
Codding Brook Upper Reservoir,
.15
4.58
.0010
.0074
.0004
.11
2.3
Codding Brook Lower Reservoir,
.15
4.53
.0011
.0065
.0005
.13
2.4
Basin Pond Brook,
.64
5.05
.0031
.0229
.0053
.13
1.6
Lenox, .
Reservoir,
.09
7.81
.0006
.0060
.0004
.10
6.3
Leominster, .
Morse Reservoir,
.20
2.74
.0056
.0171
.0021
.20
0.4
Haynes Reservoir,
.29
2.96
.0232
.0274
.0069
.18
0.4
46
STATE DEPAETMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Averages of Chemical Analyses of Snrface-water Sources, etc. — Continued.
[Parts in 100,000.]
Source.
O
a
>
H
a
0
II
|2
Am.monia
. 1
o
3
o
a
■a
i
ALBUMINOID.
City or Town.
"a
^3
-a
a
a
m
Leominster— Core. .
Fall Brook Reservoir,
.13
2.70
.0018
.0144
.0026
.20
0.6
Lincoln, .
Sandy Pond, ....
.17
4.18
.0017
.0127
.0019
.34
1.4
Longmeadow,
Cooley Brook, ....
.07
5.49
.0044
.0067
.0011
.28
2.4
Lynn,
Birch Reservoir
.21
5.36
.0094
.0203
.0032
.75
2.0
Breed's Reservoir,
.42
5.94
.0081
.0230
.0036
.68
2.0
Walden Reservoir,
.56
6.02
.0074
.0212
.0025
.70
2.0
Hawkes Reservoir,
.52
6.18
.0088
.0241
.0047
.64
2.3
Manchester, .
Gravel Pond, ....
.13
4.45
.0022
.0150
.0023
.86
11
Marlborough, .
Lake Williams, ....
.13
5.69
.0020
.0172
.0015
.56
2.2
Millham Brook Reservoir, .
.49
5.34
.0065
.0236
.0038
.41
1.7
Maynard,
White Pond
.35
3.27
.0008
.0141
.0019
.30
1.3
Milford, .
Charles River, filtered.
.22
5.27
.0008
.0072
-
.34
2.4
Montague,
Lake Pleasant
.07
3.40
.0012
.0129
.0028
.16
0.8
Nantucket,
Wannacomet Pond,
.11
7.12
.0050
.0202
.0068
2.14
1.7
New Bedford,
Little Quittacas Pond,
.41
4.20
.0059
.0227
.0027
.56
1.1
Great Quittacas Pond,
.52
4.51
.0048
.0225
.0023
.54
1.0
North Adams,
Notch Brook Reservoir,
.10
7.41
.0013
.0060
.0012
.11
5.7
Beaman Reservoir,
.06
7.06
.0020
.0078
.0013
.11
5.2
Northampton,
Middle Reservoir,
.25
4.33
.0016
.0132
.0019
.18
1.9
Mountain Street Reservoir,
.10
4.26
.0014
.0079
.0009
.17
1.9
North Andover,
Great Pond, ....
.13
4.93
.0022
.0188
.0009
.45
1.9
Northborough,
Lower Reservoir,
.76
4.90
.0041
.0259
.0042
.29
1.2
Northbridge, .
Cook Allen Reservoir,
.01
3.05
.0005
.0033
.0004
.23
0.7
North Brookfield, .
Doane Pond, . . . .
.43
4.12
.0079
.0296
.0078
.18
1.1
North Pond
.42
3.42
.0042
.0247
.0043
.16
1.0
Northfield,
Reservoir
.10
4.50
.0008
.0065
.0006
.13
1.5
Orange, .
Reservoir,
.12
2.92
.0006
.0048
.0005
.13
1.0
Palmer, .
Lower Reservoir,
.27
2.70
.0059
.0169
.0035
.18
1.1
Peabody,
Spring Pond
.37
5.68
.0117
.0238
.0050
.82
2.3
Suntaug Lake, . . . .
.10
5.68
.0086
.0209
.0019
1.13
3.5
Pittsfield,
Ashley Brook, . . . .
.20
5.49
.0025
.0137
.0014
.13
3.5
Hathaway Brook,
.10
8.49
.0006
.0060
.0005
.14
7.2 ,
Sacket Brook, . . . .
.19
5.09
.0009
.0078
.0010
.13
4.8
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
47
Averages of Chemical Analyses of Surface-water Sources, etc. — Continued.
[Parts in 100,000.)
o
a
o
a
53
W
o
2 0
-§•2
Ammonia.
a
o
3
O
Source.
6
o
ALBUMINOID.
City or Town.
1
^
T3
■a
a
p,
3
1
•a
K
Pittsfield — Con. .
Farnham Reservoir, .
.52
4.63
.0029
.0191
.0031
.16
1.9
Plymouth,
Little South Pond,
.05
3.03
.0040
.0192
.0023
.66
0.3
Great South Pond,
.02
3.16
.0032
.0158
.0024
.67
0.3
Randolph,
Great Pond,
.48
4.30
.0023
.0181
.0019
.59
1.5
Rockport,
Cape Pond,
.27
10.29
.0116
.0290
.0093
3.53
1.7
Russell, .
Black Brook,
.20
4.85
.0005
.0092
.0006
.17
1.7
Rutland,
Muschopauge Lake, .
.10
2.92
.0008
.0103
.0010
.30
0.9
Salem,
Wenham Lake, -
.37
7.53
.0106
.0221
.0034
.90
2.4
Longham Reservoir, .
1.07
7.25
.0157
.0372
.0090
.90
2.0
Shelburne,
Fox Brook, .
.04
6.13
.0003
.0051
.0001
.13
3.6
Southbridge, .
Hatchet Brook Reservoir No. 3,
.23
3.32
.0030
.0146
.0028
.19
0.8
Hatchet Brook Reservoir No. 4,
.24
2.94
.00.37
.0164
.0032
.19
0.7
South Hadley,
Leaping Well Reservoir,
.12
3.22
.0035
.0177
.0049
.20
0.8
Buttery Brook Reservoir, .
.13
4.71
.0035
.0103
.0020
.36
1.3
Spencer, .
Shaw Pond, . . • ■
.11
3.04
.0020
.0171
.0019
.20
0.9
Springfield, .
Westfield Little River, filtered, .
.19
3.69
.0008
.0082
-
.16
1.4
Stockbridge, .
Lake Averic, . . • •
.13
7.16
.0024
.0166
.0022
.13
5.2
Stoughton,
Muddy Pond Brook, .
.17
4.32
.0005
.0090
.0021
.36
0.8
Taunton,
Assawompsett Pond, .
.30
4.49
.0030
.0199
.0023
.51.
0.8
Elder's Pond
.13
3.62
.0026
.0173
.0023
.50
0.9
Wakefield,
Crystal Lake, . . • ■
.18
5.89
.0090
.0259
.0036
.81
2.0
Wareham (Onset), .
Jonathan Pond, . . • ■
.06
2.52
.0011
.0099
.0013
.65
0.3
Wayland,
Snake Brook Reservoir,
.80
4.62
.0144
.0311
.0047
.33
1.6
Westfield,
Montgomery Reservoir,
.39
3.12
.0033
.0179
.0030
.18
0.8
Tillotson Brook Reservoir,
.20
3.47
.0019
.0088
.0009
.21
0.8
West Springfield,
Bear Hole Brook, filtered, .
.05
6.68
.0006
.0044
-
.22
4.4
Weymouth ,
Great Pond, . . . .
1.12
4.55
.0075
.0249
.0031
.46
0.7
Williamsburg,
Reservoir, .
.12
4.70
.0003
.0074
.0004
.18
2.5
Williamstown,
Reservoirs, .
.04
8.80
.0004
.0058
.0008
.10
7.4
Winchester,
North Reservoir,
.08
3.99
.0019
.0152
.0026
.43
1.5
South Reservoir,
.11
3.62
.0014
.0146
.0017
.39
1.5
Middle Reservoir,
.13
3.37
.0024
.0232
.0045
.38
1.3
Worcester,
Bottomly Reservoir,
.36
4.37
.0048
.0220
.0029
.29
1.6
48
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Averages of Chemical A7ialyses of Surface-icater Sources, etc. — Concluded.
[Parts in 100,000.1
Town.
Source.
o
O
o
a
a
o
A
MMONIA.
o
a
3
O
ALBUMINOID.
City or
"a
1
-0
0
02
i
Worcester -
-Con. .
Kent Reservoir, ....
.25
3.98
.0027
.0153
.0035
.27
1.2
Leicester Reservoir, .
.19
4.22
.0041
.0142
.0018
.25
1.3
Mann Reservoir,
.20
4.70
.0053
.0167
.0029
.22
1.9
Upper Holden Reservoir, .
.14
3.57
.0020
.0127
.0023
.24
1.4
Lower Holden Reservoir, .
.15
3.81
.0028
.0133
.0011
.29
1.0
Averages of Chemical Analyses of Ground-water Sources for the Year 1919.
[Parts in 100,000.]
Source.
o
6
o
§1
II
Ammonia.
6
a
o
Nitrogen
AS —
i
1
City or Town.
1
3
'o
1 a
<
1
2
d
o
u
Acton,
Tubular wells, .
.00
8,92
.0003
,0022
.69
.1400
,0003
3.6
.008
Amesbury,
Tubular wells, .
.29
16.24
,0034
,0057
.55
-
-
9.3
.212
Ashland, .
Tubular wells, .
.00
5.26
,0002
.0021
.42
-
-
1.7
.011
Attleboro,
Large wells.
.04
5.52
,0006
.0050
.59
,0105
,0002
2.1
.015
Avon,
Wells
.00
6.32
,0009
.0024
.56
,2300
,0000
2.5
.007
Ayer,
Large well.
.02
7.60
.0009
.0029
.69
.0533
.0000
3.1
.020
Tubular wells, .
.07
5.90
,0009
.0033
.32
.0057
.0000
3.2
.039
Barnstable,
Tubular wells, .
.00
4,80
,0009
,0021
1.15
-
-
0.8
.014
Bedford, .
Large well,
,09
5.20
.0004
,0035
.34
-
-
2.0
.017
Billerica, .
Tubular wells, .
.15
8.13
,0015
.0060
.42
-
-
3.4
.047
Braintree,
Filter-gallery, .
.34
7.47
.0014
.0169
.90
.1963
.0002
2.3
.023
Bridgewater, .
Wells
.00
5.56
.0003
.0021
.64
.0217
.0000
1.6
.014
Brookfield (East), .
Tubular wells, .
.00
4.40
.0003
,0022
.24
-
-
0.8
.014
Brookline,
Canton, .
Tubular wells and filter-
gallery filtered.
Springdale well,
.15
.09
8.92
5.58
.0007
.0009
,0079
,0072
.77
.56
.0209
.0260
,0000
.0000
4.0
1.9
.010
.011
Well near Henry's Spring,
.15
5.42
.0007
,0052
.56
.0372
.0000
1.8
.009
Chelmsford (North),
Tubular wells, .
.13
5.35
.0127
,0085
.50
.0545
.0001
1.9
.020
Chelmsford (Center),
Tubular wells, .
.00
8,80
.0008
,0020
.69
.1667
.0006
3.3
.009
No. 34.1 DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
49
Averages of Chemical Anahjses of Ground-water Sources, etc. — Continued.
[Parts in 100,000.1
Source.
o
o
O
13
O
Ammonia.
d
a
_o
o
Nitrogen
AS —
i
o
a
CiTT OR Town.
6
1
"2
'3
1 a
is
1
1
1
2
Chicopee (Fairview) ,
Tubular wells, .
.10
5.75
.0003
.0017
.30
.0809
.0002
2.0
.065
Cohasset,
Tubular wells No. 2,
.16
14.68
.0006
.0103
1.93
.1883
.0002
6.0
.011
Filtered water, .
.22
8.62
.0023
.0110
1.16
.0090
.0000
3.3
.026
Dedham,
Deerfield (Fire Dis-
trict).
Douglas, .
Large well and tubular
wells.
Wells
Tubular wells, .
.10
.00
.03
9.97
5.80
4.70
.0009
.0000
.0001
.0061
.0020
.0018
1.05
.20
.38
.1183
.0380
.0001
.0000
4.1
3.5
1.7
.010
.015
.119
Dracut (Water Sup-
ply District).
Dracut (Collins-
ville).
Dudley, . . .
Tubular wells, .
Tubular wells, .
Tubular wells, .
.02
.06
.00
7.70
5.87
3.00
.0005
.0006
.0001
.0020
.0049
.0017
.58
.35
.24
.1136
.0075
.0000
.0000
4.5
2.1
1.1
.021
.065
.007
Duxbury,
Tubular wells, .
.00
4.67
.0003
.0020
.80
-
-
0.5
.007
Easthampton,
Tubular wells, .
.01
8.33
.0002
.0017
.15
.0180
.0000
3.9
.007
Easton, .
Well
.00
5.23
.0002
.0024
.55
.0429
.0000
1.8
.007
Edgartown,
Large well.
.00
3.85
.0000
.0009
.99
-
-
0.4
.005
Fairhaven,
Tubular wells, .
.47
8.30
.0024
.0132
.98
.1500
.0000
2.9
.025
Foxborough, .
Tubular wells, .
.00
4.30
.0005
.0017
.49
.0350
.0000
1.9
.013
Framingliam, .
Filter-gallery, .
.02
12.58
.0235
.0073
2.06
.0168
.0005
6.0
.010
Franklin,
Tubular wells, .
.00
6.10
.0004
.0022
.61
.0250
.0000
2.0
.009
Grafton, .
Filter-gallery, .
.09
12.63
.0007
.0042
1.59
.1975
.0001
4.6
.012
Granville,
Well,
.05
-
.0005
.0030
.13
-
-
1.7
.026
Groton, .
Large well.
.00
6.27
.0007
.0032
.22
.0043
.0000
3.4
.011
Groton (VVestGroton
Water Supply Dis-
trict).
Hingham,
Tubular wells, .
Wells
.00
.23
5.03
6.13
.0001
.0027
.0021
.0083
.19
.74
.0057
.0001
3.0
1.9
.021
.026
Holliston,
Large well.
.39
5.13
.0023
.0173
.35
.0073
.0000
1.5
.062
Hopkinton,
Tubular wells, .
.00
13.97
.0006
.0031
1.19
.3200
.0001
6.0
.017
Kingston,
Tubular wells, .
.00
4.75
.0007
.0022
.70
-
-
1.1
.005
Leicester,
Wells
.05
5.70
.0001
.0037
.27
.0810
.0001
2.0
.049
Leicester (Cherry
Valley and Roch-
dale Water Supplj-
District).
Littleton,
Wells
Tubular wells, .
.22
.00
4.52
5.27
.0017
.0002
.0111
.0015
.29
.21
.0087
.0000
2.2
1.6
.013
.006
Lowell, . ...
Boulevard wells (tubular),
.57
7.34
.0609
.0075
.49
.0182
.0002
3.0
.443
Boulevard wells (filtered), .
.09
6.35
.0006
.0050
.49
.0392
.0000
2.4
.022
Manchester,
Wells
.00
11.60
.0001
.0016
1.99
.1700
.0000
4.0
.020
Mansfield,
Large well.
.00
4.67
.0006
.0029
.42
.0952
.0000
2.0
.007
50
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Averages of Chemical Analyses of Ground-water Sources, etc.
[Parts in 100,000.1
— Continued.
C
o
6
o
gl
.1?
Ammonia.
6
Nitrogen
AS —
CiTT OR Town.
Source.
6
1
■6
'3
il
<
1
1
B
2
t-l
Marblehead, .
WeUs
.16
15.68
.0008
.0065
2.72
.0110
.0000
6.8
.016
Marion, .
Tubular wells, .
.01
4.85
.0001
.0020
.72
.0362
.0000
1.5
.008
Marshfield,
WeUs,
.00
60.25
.0002
.0024
23.90
.1140
.0002
12.3
.014
Mattapoisett, .
Tubular wells.
.00
6.60
.0005
.0023
.94
.0470
.0000
2.2
.013
Medfield,
Spring,
.01
4.53
.0005
.0026
.35
.0100
.0000
1.8
.011
Med way, .
Tubular wells.
.03
6.93
.0003
.0026
.57
.0273
.0000
2.7
.012
Merrimac,
Tubular wells,
.00
8.57
.0008
.0027
.51
.0110
.0000
3.3
.009
Methuen,
Tubular wells,
.31
8.27
.0009
.0088
.47
.0144
.0000
3.2
.145
Middleborough,
Well, .
-
7.83
.0088
.0080
.66
.0442
.0000
2.6
.628
Filtered water.
.13
6.63
.0006
.0055
.63
.0327
.0000
2.4
.045
Millbury,
Well, .
.00
4.13
.0003
.0043
.30
.0093
.0000
1.4
.006
MiUis, .
Spring,
.00
10.57
.0003
.0023
.81
.2800
.0000
4.7
.005
Monson, .
Large well,
.13
4.12
.0001
.0038
.21
-
-
0.9
Oil
Natick, .
Large well,
.00
10.27
.0002
.0029
.84
.0182
.0000
4.7
.007
Needham,
Wells,
.01
7.15
.0005
.0029
.71
.0897
.0001
2.6
.015
Hicks Spring,
.00
8.35
.0013
.0054
.82
.1800
.0000
2.8
.008
Newburyport,
Wells and Artichoke River
filtered.
Tubular wells and filter-
.15
7.09
.0011
.0130
.69
.0161
.0000
3.0
.044
New-ton, .
.01
6.10
.0003
.0038
.49
.0512
.0000
2.6
.005
No. Attleborough, .
gallery.
Wells
.00
6.89
.0009
.0035
.53
.0267
.0001
2.5
.010
Norton, . .
Tubular wells.
.00
4.10
.0002
.0016
.37
-
-
1.4
.007
Norwood,
Tubular wells.
.17
9.26
.0024
.0068
.58
.0289
.0000
3.8
.102
Oak Bluffs,
Springs,
.00
4.80
.0002
.0032
1.23
.0230
.0000
1.1
.009
Oxford, .
Tubular wells,
.00
5.10
.0002
.0021
.37
.0497
.0000
1.9
.006
Palmer (Bondsville),
Tubular wells,
.00
5.70
.0008
.0021
.24
.0207
.0001
2.2
.013
Pepperell,
Tubular wells.
.01
3.25
.0001
.0019
.19
r
-
1.7
.010
Plainville,
Tubular wells.
.02
5.15
.0005
.0017
.38
.0000
.0000
2.4
.029
Provincetown,
Tubular wells in
Truro, .
.03
11.74
.0001
.0014
4.76
-
-
2.9
.030
Reading, .
Filter-gallery,
.82
11.05
.0177
.0177
1.62
.0077
.0001
2.7
.355
Filtered water.
.22
17.17
.0006
.0067
1.03
.0072
.0001
7.2
.078
Salisbury,
Well, .
.18
8.25
.0005
.0041
.61
-
4.2
.043
Scituate, .
Tubular wells.
.00
17.27
.0003
.0020
3.26
. 1720
.0000
5.8
.012
Sharon, .
Well, .
.00
14.42
.0008
.0021
2.18
.3120
.0000
6.4
.010
Tubular wells.
.01
5.50
.0003
.0023
.50
.0222
.0000
2.1
.010
xXo. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
51
Averages of Chemical Anahjses of Ground-water Smirces,
[Parts in 100,000.1
etc. — Concluded.
Source.
o
c
o
Ammonia.
6
a
_o
O
Nitrogen
AS —
ffl
a
•a
1
City or Towx.
Pi
i
■6
'3
1
.1
0
o
t4
Sheffield,
Spring
.00
3.60
.0003
0033
.09
-
-
1.8
009
Shirley, .
Well
.00
5.15
.0001
.0015
.50
.1525
.0000
1.5
008
Shrewsbury, .
WeUs
.00
5.27
.0002
.0024
.65
.0500
.0000
1.7
007
South Hadley (Fire
District No. 2).
Tisbury, .
Large well.
Well
.05
.00
4.85
3.60
.0003
.0001
.0029
.0019
.16
.99
.0175
.0000
1.6
0.6
.005
Oil
Uxbridge,
Tubular wells, .
.00
4.40
.0004
.0021
.50
.0417
.0000
1.7
Mf
Walpole, .
Tubular wells, .
.00
5.00
.0001
.0019
.45
.0250
.0000
1.8
.008;
Waltham,
Old well
.16
8.86
.0044
.0048
.83
.0132
.0001
4.0
.068
New well, ....
.01
7.85
.0010
.0052
.61
.0161
.0001
3.7
.008
Ware,
WeUs
.00
7.80
.0001
.0015
.52
.1600
.0000
2.7
.009
Wareham (Fire Dis-
Tubular wells, .
.01
3.03
.0009
.0023
.58
-
-
0.5
.005
trict).
Warren (West),
Large well.
.00
5.60
.0006
.0012
.22
-
-
2.4
.016
Webster, .
WeUs
.01
4.50
.0006
.0035
.38
.0105
.0000
1.9
.035
Wellesley,
Tubular wells, .
.03
9.74
.0007
.0027
1.31
.0532
.0000
4.3
.016
Well at Williams Spring, .
.02
14.40
.0004
.0030
1.24
.5600
.0000
5.7
.008
Filter-gallery,
.04
9.36
.0007
.0036
.95
.0967
.0000
3.9
.009
Westborough, .
Filter basin.
.04
3.31
.0021
.0095
.28
-
-
1.2
.015
West Brookfield,
Tubular wells, .
.00
5.03
.0001
.0017
.29
.0567
.0000
1.4
.011
Westford,
Tubular wells, .
.01
5.07
.0004
.0022
.21
-
-
2.2
.018
Weston, .
Well
.35
7.92
.0023'
.0125
.57
.0158
.0000
3.4
.014
Winchendon, .
Wells
.11
3.91
.0010
.0029
.15
-
-
1.0
.104
Woburn, .
Filter-gallery, .
.00
11.89
.0015
.0051
1.61
.0257
.0001
5.8
.006
Worthington, .
Springs, ....
.07
2.20
.0001
.0054
.10
-
-
0.9
.024
Wrentham,
Tubular wells, .
,.00
4.60
.0003
.0017
.38
.0257
i.OOOO
1
1.4
.006
Water Supply Statistics.
During the year ending Nov. 30, 1919, no new water supplies
were introduced in the cities and towns of Massachusetts, and very
few extensions were made to existing supplies.
The town of Aeushnet is now credited with being supplied in part
with water from the city of New Bedford, mains connected with the
supply of this city having been introduced in 1916. The town of
52
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Monterey is also supplied to a certain extent, private works having
been introduced in 1917 These two supplies are not shown in the
report of this Department for the year 1918, and there are now
therefore, 215 cities and towns, including all of the 38 cities and 177
towns, of the 354 cities and towns in the State which are provided
with public water supplies.
The following table shows the classification by population (census
of 1915) of the cities and towns having and those not having public
water supplies at the end of the year 1919: —
POPULATIOX, 1915.
Number of
Places of Given
Population
having
Public Water
Supplies.
Total
Population of
Places
in Preceding
Column.
Number of
Places of Given
Population
not having
Public Water
Supplies.
Total
Population of
Places
in Preceding
Column.
Under 500, .
•
2
720
38
12,5.50
500-999,
7
5,229
36
27,536
1,000-1,499, .
21
27,759
24
29,589
1,500-1,999, .
12
21,685
20
33,947
2,000-2,499, .
18
40,206
9
19,615
2,500-2,999, .
20
54,895
6
16,013
3,000-3,499, .
6
19,928
3
9,920
3,500-3,999, .
8
30,123
_
Above 4,000,
121
3,329,981
3
13,614
Totals, .
215
3,530,526
139
162,784
The 215 cities and towns having public water supplies are also
classified in the following table according to the dates when a fairly
complete system of water supply was introduced.
Years.
Number of
Public Water
Supplies
introduced.
Previous to 1850,
1850-1859, inclusive,
1860-1869, inclusive,
1870-1879, inclusive,
1880-1889, inclusive,
Years.
1890-1899, inclusive,
1900-1909, inclusive,
1910-1919, inclusive,
Total,
Number of
Public VVater
Supplies
introduced.
215
An examination of the first table given above will show that,
although but 61 per cent of the cities and towns in the State of
Massachusetts are provided with public water supplies, the total
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
53
population of these places is equivalent to about 96 per cent of the
total population of the State (census of 1915).
At the present time all cities and towns in the State having a
population in excess of 5,000 — with the exception of the town of
Tewksbury — are provided with public water supplies, and only 12
towns having a population in excess of 2,500 are not so provided.
These towns are the following: —
Towx.
Population,
1915.
Towx.
Population,
1915.
Tewksbury
5,265
Sutton
2,829
Warren,
4,268
Seekonk
2,767
Templeton,
4,081
Bourne,
2,672
Somerset,
3,377
Hanover,
2,666
Auburn
3,281
Swansea
2,558
Westport,
3,262
Wilbraham
2,521
At the end of the year 1919 the water supplies in all of the cities
in Massachusetts and in 134 of the towns were owned either by the
city or town, or by a water supply or fire district. In 44 towns the
works were owned by private companies. The following table gives
the classification by population of the cities and towns which own their
water works, and those which are supplied by private companies: —
Cities and Towxs
OWNING Water Works.
1 Cities and Towns
1 SUPPLIED with Water by
Private Companies.
Number.
Total
Population.
Number.
Total
Population.
Under 1,000
1,000-1,999
2,000-2,999
3,000-3,999
4,000-4,999,
5,000-5,999
6,000-6,999
7,000-7,999
Over 8,000
4
23
\ 29
8
7
16
10
7
67
2,263
33,846
71,794
28,942
31,251
88,166
66,316
52,937
2,979,893
5
10
9
6
2
3
3
6
3,686
15,598
23,307
21,109
9,476
16,117
18,778
67,047
Total
171
3,355,408
44
175,118
The annual report of the State Department of Health for the year
1915 (pages 296-306) shows the population and valuation of all
54
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
cities and towns in Massachusetts in 1915, together with certain
other information relative to the ownership of the water works and
the date of their introduction.
Consumption of Water.
The consumption of water in the various cities and towns in which
records of consumption are kept is shown in the following table. In
towns used extensively as summer resorts large quantities of water
used by summer visitors are credited to the permanent population of
the town, making the consumption of water per capita larger than is
actually the case. There is a number of cases also in which the
consumption of water per person is greatly increased by the use of
an excessive quantity of water for manufacturing or other purposes.
Consumption of Water in Various Cities and Toivns in 1919.
Esti-
mated
Popu-
lation.
Average Daily
Consumption.
City or Town.
Esti-
mated
Popu-
lation.
Average Daily
Consumption.
City or Town.
Gallons.
Gallons
per
Inhabit-
ant.
Gallons.
Gallons
I>er
Inhabit-
ant.
Metropolitan Water
1,267,080
120,593,500
95
Abington and Rock-
land.
Acushnet,
12,990
642,000
49
District: 1 —
Arlington,
17,530
1,085,700
62
2,943
42,400
14
Belmont, -
9,710
564,000
58
Agawam,
5,398
93,700
17
Boston, .
804,140
89,652,400
111
Amesbury,
7,462
613,900
82
Chelsea,
48,840
3,158,400
65
Andover,
8,520
598,000
70
Everett,
41,610
2,886,700
69
Ashland,
2,263
168,700
75
Lexington,
6,020
389,200
65
Athol, .
10,781
751,700
70
Malden, .
53,150
2,682,800
50
Attleboro,
20,292
1,137,400
56
Medford,
35,860
1,688,500
47
Avon,
2,285
85,000
37
Melrose,
18,170
1,057,100
58
Ayer,
2,765
222,400
80
Milton, .
9,450
401,300
42
Barnstable,
5,250
139,000
26
Nahant, .
1,570
186,900
119
Bedford,
1,472
43,300
29
QUINCY, .
45,280
4,550,100
100
Beverly,
26,406
1,497,400
57
Revere, .
30,640
1,780,700
58
Billerica,
3,612
367,400
102
Somerville, .
94,800 6,541,500
69
Eraintree,
10,365
637,400
62
Stoneham,
7,840 602,400
77
Bridgewater, .
10,735
204,500
19
Swampscott, .
8,160
570,900
70
Brockton,
66,616
2,798,000
42
Watertown,
19,140
2,002,900
105
Brookline,
38,048
3,309,100
87
Winthrop,
15,170
792,000
52
Cambridge, .
112,009
10,512,600
94
1 Figures taken from Table No. 16 of the
Sewerage Board.
Nineteenth Annual Report of the MetropoUtan Water and
No. 34.1 DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
55
Consum-ption of Water in Vnrious Cities and Toivns in 1919 — Continued.
Esti-
mated
Popu-
lation.
Average Daily
Consumption.
City or Town.
Esti-
mated
Popu-
lation.
Average Daily
Consumption.
City or Town.
Gallons.
Gallons
per 1
Inhabit-
ant.
Gallons.
Gallons
per
Inhabit-
ant.
Canton, .
6,284
438,600
70
Longmeadow,
2,340
86,900
37
Chelmsford, .
5,320
115,900
22
Lowell,
111,803
6,711,700
60
Clinton, .
13,286
683,600
51
Ludlow, .
7,293
201,200
28
Concord,
6,889
573,100
83
Lynn and Saugus, .
112,946
8,048,000
71
Dan vers and Mid-
14,044
1,402,900
100
Manchester, .
3,163
369,000
117
dleton.
Dedham,
12,450
796,000
64
Mansfield,
6,243
630,500
101
Dracut, .
4,435
93,400
21 ;
Marblehead, .
7,820
594,900
76
Dudley, .
4,458
130,900
29
Marion, .
1,509
99,300
66
Duxbury,
2,107
64,200
30
Marlborough,
15,787
690,800
44
East Bridgewater, .
3,950
85,300
22
Mattapoisett,
1,447
58,500
40
East Longmeadow,
2,248
28,300
13
Maynard,
7,074
331,000
47
Easthampton,
10,902
761,100
70
Medway,
2,966
113,500
38
Easton, .
5,004
194,700
39
Merrimac,
2,020
113,300
56
Edgartown, .
1,344
103,300
77
Methuen,
16,054
800,000
50
Fairhaven,
7,201
323,800
45
Middleborough ,
8,965
382,500
43
Fall River,
Falmouth,
129,188
4,535
5,907,000
389,000
46
86
Milford and Hope-
dale.
Millbury,
17,230
5,739
856,900
311,100
50
54
FlTCHBCRG, .
41,120
4,321,400
105
Millis, .
1,476
71,900
49
Framingham,
18,190
950,200
52
Nantucket,
3,329
257,400
77
Franklin,
7,079
341,100
48
Natick, .
12,121
616,900
51
Gardner,
17,718
721,000
41
Needham,
7,755
395,700
51
Gloucester,
24,542
1,506,600
61
New Bedford,
119,901
9,579,900
80
Grafton,
6,686
?17,600
33
Newburyport,
15,601
1,250,900
80
Greenfield,
14,371
1,497,400
104
Newton,
45,759
3,488,400
76
Groton, .
2,475
102,200
41
North Andover,
6,298
364,000
58
Haverhill, .
53,718
5,729,000
107
North Attleborough,
9,267
406,400
44
Hoi listen.
2,850
116,100
41
North Brookfield, .
2,845
217,800
77
HOLYOKE,
63,285
6,713,000
106
Norton, .
2,621
192,300
73
Hudson,
6,770
348,400
51
Norwood,
13,347
1,085,800
81
Ipswich,
6,668
337,500
51
Orange, .
5,457
148,000
27
Lancaster,
2,682
79,200
30
Peabody,
20,948
3,721,900
178
Lawrence, .
93,753
4,430,600
47
Pepperell,
2,748
153,400
56
Lenox, .
3,388
293,900
87
PiTTSFIELD, .
45,596
5,318,280
117
Lincoln, .
1,418
216,700
153
Plymouth,
13,554
j 1,330,900
98
Littleton,
1,228
36,700
30
Pro\'incetown,
4,236
300,700
71
56
STATE DEPARTISIENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Consumption of Water in Vario^is Cities mid Towns in 1919 — Concluded.
Esti-
mated
Popu-
lation.
Average Daily
Consumption.
City or Town.
Esti-
mated
Popu-
lation.
Average Daily
Consumption.
City or Town..
Gallons.
Gallons
per
Inhabit-
ant.
Gallons.
Gallons
per
Inhabit-
ant.
Randolph and Hol-
brook.
Reading,
8,134
7,59.5
453,900
259,000
56
34
Walpole,
Waltham,
5,968
32,010
1,020,500
1,952,100
171
61
Rockport,
4,463
258,400
58
Wareham,
6,035
163,800
27
Salem, .
46,500
5,305,400
114
Webster,
13,410
695,900
52
Salisbury,
1,764
130,100
74
Wellesley,
7,260
521,600
72
Scituate,
2,804
320,300
114
West Brookfield, .
1,258
33,300
26
Sharon, .
2,. 594
193,100
74
Westfield,
20,305
2,200,800
108
Shirley, .
2,341
89,400
38
Westford,
2,837
1.52,100
54
Shrewsbury, .
3,472
93,100
27
Weston, .
2,531
132,100
52
Southbridge, .
15,517
864,500
56
Weymouth,
14,828
1,207,900
81
Springfield,
114,207
11,920,000
104
Whitman,
7,702
228,400
30
Stoughton,
7,515
413,600
55
Winchester, .
10..562
444,000
42
Taunton,
37,683
3,090,000
82
WOBURN,
17,292
1,795,600
104
Tisbury,
1,426
130,500
92
Worcester, .
176,066
14,723,000
84
Wakefield, .
13,883
579,100
42
Wrentham,
2,951
84,000
28
Rainfall.
The normal yearly rainfall in Massachusetts as deduced from long-
continued observations in various parts of the State is 44.53 inches.
The average rainfall for the year 1919 in these places was 45.83, an
excess of 1.30 inches over the normal. This ^ear was the first since
1903 in which the rainfall has been in excess of the normal. The
accumulated deficiency for these sixteen years is 57.78, a quantity
greater by 13.25 inches than the total rainfall in a normal year.
There was an excess of precipitation in the months of March, May,
July, August, September and November, and a deficiency in the other
six months of the year. The greatest excess in any month occurred in
September, when the average rainfall was 5.61 inches, or 2.13 inches
greater than the normal, and the greatest deficiency occurred in June,
w'hen the average rainfall was 1.57 inches, or 1.66 inches less than the
normal.
The following table gives the normal rainfall in the State for each
month as deduced from observations at various places for a long
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
57
period of years, together with the average rainfall at those places for
each month during the year 1919 and the departure from the
normal: —
Month.
Normal
Rainfall
(Inches).
Rainfall
in 1919
(Inches).
Excess or
Defi-
ciency in
1919
(Inches).
Month.
Normal
Rainfall
(Inches).
Rainfall
in 1919
(Inches).
Excess or
Defi-
ciency in
1919
(Inches).
January, .
February,
March,
April,
May,
3.76
3.66
3.95
3.58
3.65
3.23
3.76
3.49
3.19
4.68
2.94
5.45
1.57
4.07
—0.27
—0.47
+0.73
—0.64
+ 1.80
—1.66
+0.31
August, .
September,
October, .
November,
December,
Totals,
4.22
3.48
3.77
3.81
3.66
4.95
5.61
2.38
5.45
2.05
+0.73
+2.13
—1.39
+ 1.64
—1.61
June,
July,
44. 53
45.83
+ 1.30
Flow of Streams.
Sudbury River.
The average flow of the Sudbury River during the year 1919 was
988,000 gallons per day per square mile of drainage area, or about
1 per cent in excess of the normal flow for the past forty-five years.
The flow was above the normal in the months of January, March,
May, July, September, November and December, but less than the
normal in the other five months of the year. The greatest excess
occurred in the month of November, and the greatest deficiency in
the month of February. The average flow for the driest six months,
June to November, inclusive, was 458,000 gallons per day per square
mile, or about 21 per cent in excess of the normal flow for that
period during the past forty-five years.
In order to show the relation between the fiow of the Sudbury
River during each month of the year 1919 and the normal flow of
that stream as deduced from observations during forty-five years,
from 1875 to 1919, inclusive, the following table has been prepared.
The drainage area of the Sudbury River above the point of measure-
ment is 75.2 square miles.
58
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Table showing the Average Daily Flow of the Sudbury River for Each Month in
the Year 1919, in Cubic Feet per Second per Square Mile of drainage Area,
and in Million Gallons per Day per Square Mile of Drainage Area; also,
Departure from the Normal Flow.
Normal Flow.
Actual Flow in 1919.
Excess or
Deficiency.
Month.
Cubic Feet
per
Second
per Square
Mile.
Million
Gallons per
Day
per Square
Mile.
Cubic Feet
per
Second
per Square
Mile.
Million
Gallons per
Day
per Square
Mile.
Cubic Feet
per
Second
per Square
Mile.
Million
Gallons per
Day
per Square
Mile.
January, ....
1.789
1.157
2.021
1.306
+ .232
+ .149
February, .
2.540
1.642
1.418
.917
—1.122
—.725
March,
4.160
2.689
4.270
2.759
+ .110
+ .070
April, .
3.046
1.969
2.651
1.713
— .395
—.256
May, .
1.653
1.069
1.996
1.290
+ .343
+ .221
June, .
.746
.482
.174
.112
— .572
—.370
July, .
.281
.182
.463
.299
+ .182
+ .117
August,
.360
.233
.143
.092
— .217
— .141
September,
.361
.233
1 . 103
.713
+ .742
+ .480
October,
.629
.407
.431
.279
— .198
— .128
November,
1.136
.735
1.973
1.275
+ .837
+ .540
December, .
1.467
.948
1.694
1.095
+ .227
+ .147
Average for v
v^hole
year
•
1.509
.975
1.529
.988
+ .020
+ .013
1
In the annual report of the State Department of Health for the
year 1915 (pages 312 to 318) tables were presented giving the record
of the rainfall upon the drainage area of the Sudbury River and the
yield expressed in inches in depth upon the drainage area (inches of
rainfall collected) for each of the forty-one years from 1875 to 1915,
inclusive. The corresponding record for the years 1916 to 1919,
inclusive, together with the average for the entire period of forty-five
years, is given in the following table: —
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
59
RainjaU, in Inches, received and collected on the Sudbury River Drainage Area.
1916.
1917.
1918.
MOXTH.
Rain-
fall.
Rain-
fall
col-
lected.
Per
Cent
col-
lected.
Rain-
fall.
Rain-
fall
col-
lected.
Per
Cent
col-
lected.
Rain-
fall.
Rain-
fall
col-
lected.
Per
Cent
col-
lected.
January
1.53
1.680
109.8
3.50
.909
25.9
3.47
.486
14.0
February,
5.91
2.262
38.2
2.68
1.216
45.5
3.58
2.914
81.3
March,
4.16
3.245
78.1
4.96
3.940
79.4
2.50
3.896
156.2
April ,
4.19
5.243
125.1
2.41
2.425
100.5
4.43
2.530
57.1
May,
3.43
2.567
74.9
4 93
2.632
53.4
1.16
1.141
98.8
June,
4.77
2.068
43.4
4.23
1.802
42.7
3.65
.319
8.7
July,
5.17
1.044
20 2
1.11
.076
6.8
4.07
.171
4.2
August, .
2.01
.139
6 9
6.40
.361
5.6
1.61
— .096
—6.0
September,
1.80
.044
2.5
1.52
.100
6.6
8.60
1.100
12.8
October, .
1.49
— .009
— .6
5.65
.860
15.2
1.04
.490
47.0
November,
2.28
.189
8.3
1.31
.757
57.6
2.75
.843
30.7
December,
3.22
.562
17.4
2.81
.678
24.2
3.68
1.673
45.5
Totals and
avera
ges, .
39.96
19.034
47.6
41.51
15.756
38.0
40.54
15 467
38.2
1919.
Me.\x for Forty-five Years,
1875-1919.
Month.
Rainfall.
Rainfall
collected.
Per Cent
collected.
Rainfall.
Rainfall
collected.
Per Cent
collected.
January, ....
3.52
2.329
66.1
4.03
2.063
51.1
February, ....
3.40
1.477
43.4
4.10
2.666
65.0
March, ....
4.79
4.916
102.7
4.33
4.796
110.7
April
2.93
2.957
101.0
3.55
3.400
95.9
May
4.60
2.301
50.0
3 30
1.907
57.7
June
1.86
.193
10.4
3 08
.833
27.1
July
5.47
.533
9.8
3.68
.324
88
August, ....
3.75
.164
4.4
3.86
.415
10.8
September, ....
5.28
1.232
23.3
3.41
.403
11.8
October, ....
2.16
.498
23.1
3.73
.725
19.4
November, ....
5.90
2.202
37.3
3.70
1.268
34.3
December, ....
1.98
1.952
98.6
3.76
1.692
45.0
Totals and averages.
45.64
20.754
45.5
44.53
20.492
46.0
60
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
The following table gives the record of the yield of the drainage
area of the Sudbury River for each of the last four years, the flow
being expressed in gallons per day per square mile of drainage area
in order to render the table more convenient for use in estimating the
probable yield of drainage areas used as sources of water supply: —
Yield of the Sudbury River Drainage Area in Gallons per Day per Square Mile.''-
Month.
1916.
1917.
1918.
1919.
Mean for
Forty-five
Years,
1875-1919.
January, .
942,000
510,000
273,000
1,306,000
1,157,000
February,
1,356,000
755,000
1,809,000
917,000
1,642,000
Alarch,
1,820,000
2,209,000
2,187,000
2,759,000
2,689,000
April,
3,037,000
1,405,000
1,466,000
1,713,000
1,969,000
May,
1,439,000
1,476,000
639,000
1,290,000
1,069,000
June,
1,198,000
1,044,000
185,000
112,000
482,000
July.
585,000
43,000
96,000
299,000
182,000
August, .
78,000
202,000
—54,000
92,000
233,000
September,
26,000
58,000
637,000
713,000
233,000
October, .
—5,000
482,000
274,000
279,000
407,000
November,
110,000
438,000
489,000
1,275,000
735,000
December,
315,000
380,000
938,000
1,095,000
948,000
Average for whole year,
904,000
750,000
736,000
988,000
975,000
Average for driest six months,
186,000
267,000
269,000
458,000
377,000
1 The drainage area of the Sudbury River used in making up these records included water surfaces
amounting to about 2 per cent of the whole area, from 1875 to 1878, inclusive, subsequently increasing
by the construction of storage reservoirs to about 3 per cent in 1879, to 3.5 per cent in 1885, to 4 per cent in
1894 and to 6.5 per cent in 1898. The drainage area also contains extensive areas of swampy land, which,
though covered with water at times, are not included in the above percentages of water surfaces.
Nashua River.
The average flow of the South Branch of the Nashua River at the
outlet of the Wachusett Reservoir, Clinton, during the year 1919 was
1,257,000 gallons per day per square mile of drainage area, or 18
per cent in excess of the normal flow for the past twenty-three years.
The flow was greater than the normal in the months of January,
March, May, September, October, November and December, and
less than the normal in the other five months of the year. The
greatest excess occurred in the month of November, and the greatest
deficiency in the month of February. The average flow for the
driest six months, June to November, inclusive, was 752,000 gallons
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
61
per day per square mile, or about 41 per cent in excess of the normal
flow for that period during the past twenty-three years.
In order to show the relation between the flow of the Nashua
River during each month of the year 1919 and the normal flow of
that stream as deduced from observations during twenty-three years,
1897 to 1919, inclusive, the following table has been prepared. The
drainage area of the Nashua River above the point of measurement
was 119 square miles from 1897 to 1907, and 118.19 square miles
from 1908 to 1913, inclusive. Since Jan. 1, 1914, the city of Worcester
has been diverting water from 9.35 square miles of this drainage area
for the supply of that city, leaving the net drainage area 108.84
square miles. In the calculations of yield allowance has been made
for water overflowing from the AVorcester area.
Table showing the Average Daily Flow of the South Branch of the Nashua River
for Each Month in the Year 1919, in Cubic Feet per Second -per Square Mile
of Drainage Area, and in Million Gallons per Day per Square Mile of Drain-
age Area: also Departure from the Normal Flow.
NORMAl
Flow.
Actual Flow in 1919.
Excess or
Deficiency.
Month.
Cubic Feet
per
Second
per Square
Mile.
Million
Gallons per
Day
per Square
Mile.
Cubic Feet
per
Second
per Square
Mile.
Million
Gallons per
Day
pyer Square
Mile.
Cubic Feet
per
Second
per Square
Mile.
Million
Gallons per
Day
per Square
Mile.
January, ....
1.832
1.184
2.075
1.341
+ .243
+ .157
February, .
2.150
1.389
1.228
.794
—.922
—.595
March,
3.987
2.577
4.882
3.155
+ .895
+ .578
April, .
3.245
2.097
2.648
1.711
— .597
—.386
May, .
1.893
1.223
3.410
2.204
+1.517
+ .981
June, .
1.182
.764
.715
.462
—.467
—.302
July, .
.661
.427
.619
.400
— .042
— 027
August,
.633
.409
.405
.262
—.228
— .147
September,
.560
.362
1.691
1.093
+1.131
+ .731
October,
.747
.483
.765
.495
+ .018
+ .012
November,
1.167
.755
2.840
1.835
+1.673
+1.080
December, .
1.720
1.112
1.999
1.292
+ .279
+ .180
Average for v
vhole year
>
1 646
1.063
1.945
1.257
+ .299
+ .194
In the annual report of the State Department of Health for the
year 1915 (pages 324 to 327) tables were presented giving the record
of the rainfall upon the drainage area of the Nashua River, and the
total yield expressed in inches in depth upon the drainage area
(inches of rainfall collected) for each of the nineteen years from 1897
62
STATE DEPART:\IENT of health. [Pub. Doc.
to 1915, inclusive. The corresponding record for the years 1916 to
1919, inclusive, together with the average for the entire period of
twenty-three years, is given in the following table: —
Rainfall, in Inches, received and collected on the Nashua River Drainage Area.
1916.
1917.
1918.
Month.
Rain-
fall.
Rain-
fall
col-
lected.
Per
Cent
col-
lected.
Rain-
fall.
Rain-
fall
col-
lected.
Per
Cent
col-
lected.
Rain-
fall.
Rain-
fall
col-
lected.
Per
Cent
col-
lected.
January, ....
1.60
2.346
146.7
3.37
1.224
36.3
2.97
.864
29.1
February,
5.98
3.030
50.7
3.05
1.476
48.3
4.25
3.260
76.6
March,
3.32
3.374
101.5
4.21
4.409
104.8
2.24
4.614
206 0
April,
3.65
5.696
156.0
1.80
2.535
140.6
3.47
2.775
80.0
May,
3.34
3.028
90.7
3.89
2.350
60.5
1.07
1.201
112.8
June,
6.57
3.546
53.9
4.47
2.122
47.4
4.57
.902
19.8
July,
5.66
1.9.37
34.2
1.22
.471
38.8
2.80
.499
17.8
August, .
1.72
.506
29.5
4.46
.552
12.4
2.82
.284
10.1
September,
4.21
.506
12.0
1.20
.144
12.0
7.18
1.041
14.5
October, .
1.42
.250
17.6
6.03
.990
16.4
1.58
.609
38.6
November,
3.15
.554
17.6
1.25
.540
43.1
3.08
1.004
32.6
December,
2.81
.820
29.2
2.31
.694
30 0
3.74
1.884
50.4
Totals and
avera
ges.
43.43
25.593
58.9
37.26
17.507
47.0
39.77
18.937
47.6
1919.
Me.-\.n fob
Twenty-three Ye.\.rs
1897-1919.
Month.
Rainfall.
Rainfall
collected.
Per Cent
collected.
Rainfall.
Rainfall
collected.
Per Cent
collected.
January,
3.23
2,392
74.1
3.61
2.113 ■
58.6
February,
3.51
1.279
36.5
3.79
2.251
59.4
March,
5.27
5.621
106.7
4.08
4.595
112.5
April, .
2.57
2.954
115.0
3.65
3.620
99.0
May, .
6.06
3.931
64.9
3.40
2.183
64.2
June, .
2.01
.798
39 6
3.68
1.319
35.8
July, .
5.00
.713
14.3
4.08
.763
18.7
August,
4.17
.467
11.2
4.14
.730
17.7
September,
6.78
1.887
27.8
3.73
.625
16.8
October,
2.35
.884
37.6
3.34
.861
25.8
November,
6.01
3.168
52.7
3.39
1.302
38.4
December,
2.09
2.305
110.4
3.98
1.983
49.9
Totals ar
d av
erage
s.
49.05
26.399
53.8
44.87 .
22.345
49.8
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
63
The following table gives a record of the yield of the drainage area
of the Nashua River for each of the last four years, the flow being
expressed in gallons per day per square mile of drainage area : —
Yield of the Xnshua River Drainage Area in Gallons per Day per Square Mile}
Month.
1916.
1917.
1918.
1919.
Mean for
Twenty-
three Years,
1897-1919.
January,
1,315,000
686,000
484,000
1,341,000
1,184,000
February,
1,816,000
916.000
2,024,000
794,000
1,389,000
March,
1,891,000
2,472,000
2,590,000
3,155,000
2,577,000
April,
3,300,000
1,468,000
1,608,000
1,711,000
2,097,000
May,
1,697,000
1,317,000
673,000
2,204,000
1,223,000
June,
2,054,000
1,229,000
523,000
462,000
764,000
July,
1,086,000
264,000
280,000
400,000
427,000
August,
284,000
309,000
159,000
262,000
409,000
September,
294,000
84,000
603,000
1,093,000
362,000
October, .
140,000
555,000
341,000
495,000
483,000
November,
321,000
313,000
582,000
1,835,000
755,000
December,
460,000
389,000
1,056,000
1,292,000
1,112,000
Average for whole year.
1,215,000
834,000
902,000
1,257,000
1,063,000
Average for driest six months, .
432,000
320,000
412,000
752,000
533,000
1 The drainage area used in making up these records included water surfaces amounting to 2.2 per cent
of the whole area from 1897 to 1902, inclusive, to 2.4 per cent in 1903, to 3.6 per cent in 1904, to 4.1 per cent
in 1905, to 5.1 per cent in 1906, to 6 per cent in 1907, to 7 per cent in 1908, 1909 and 1910, to 6.5 per cent in
1911, to 6.8 per cent in 1912, to 7 per cent in 1913, to 7.4 per cent in 1914 and 1915, to 7.6 per cent in 1916, to
7.4 per cent in 1917 and 1918, and to 7.5 per cent in 1919.
Merrimack River.
The flow of the Merrimack River has been measured for many
years at Lawrence, where the river has a total drainage area of 4,663
square miles, which includes 118 ^ square miles on the South Branch
of the Nashua River, 75 square miles on the Sudbury River and 18
square miles tributary to Lake Cochituate, or a combined area of
21 P square miles from which water is drawn at the present time for
the supply of the Metropolitan Water District. The flow as measured
at Lawrence includes the water wasted from these three drainage areas,
the aggregate quantity of which, in the wet months of the year, is con-
siderable, but which becomes very small in the dry months. Records
of the quantity of water wasted have been kept by the Boston Water
* Including 9.35 square miles from which water is drawn for the supply of the city of Worcester.
64
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Board and by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board, and these
quantities have been deducted from the flow as measured at Lawrence.
In presenting the record of the flow of the river, these three drainage
areas have been deducted from the total above Lawrence, so that the
net drainage area above that point was 4,567 square miles in 1880,
4,570 square miles in the years 1881 to 1897, inclusive, and 4,452
square miles since the latter year.
The average flow of the Merrimack River during the year 1919
amounted to 1.427 cubic feet per second, or 923,000 gallons per day,
per square mile of drainage area, or 98 per cent of the normal flow
for the past forty years for which records are available. The flow
was in excess of the normal in the months of January, March, May,
September, November and December, and less than the normal in
the other six months of the year.
In order to show the relation between the flow of this stream
during each month of the year 1919 and the normal flow as deduced
from observations during the forty years from 1880 to 1919, in-
clusive, the following table has been prepared: —
Table shoicing the Average Monthly Flow of the Merrimack River at Laurence
for the Year 1919 in Cubic Feet jjer Second per Square Mile of Drainage
Area: also the Departure from the Normal Flow.
Month.
Normal Flow,
1880-1919.
Actual Flow
in 1919.
E.xcess or
Deficiency.
January,
1.2S5
1.314
+0.029
February,
1.401
.872
—0.529
March, .
2.713
3.383
+0.670
April, .
3.393
2.542
—0.851
May,
2.185
2.741
+0.556
June,
1.258
1.007
—0.251
July, .
.741
.539
—0.202
August,
.677
.401
—0.276
September,
.651
.653
+0.002
October,
.808
.699
—0.109
November,
1.122
1.648
+0.526
December,
1.219
1.331
+0.112
Average f
or vf
lole 3
.'ear,
1.4.54
1.427
—0.027
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
65
The following table gives the record of the flow of the Merrimack
River at Lawrence for each of the last four years, the flow being
expressed in cubic feet per second per square mile of net drainage
area: —
Flow of the Merrimack River at Laurence in Cubic Feet per Second per Square
Mile.
Month.
1916.
1917.
1918.
1919.
Mean
for Forty
Years,
1880-1919.
January, ....
1.527
1.023
.466
1.314
1.285
February,
1.674
.770
.819
.872
1.401
March,
1.735
2.316
1.983
3.383
2.713
April,
4.323
3.242
3.337
2.542
3.393
May,
2.733
2.124
1.540
2.741
2.185
June,
3.101
3.037
.757
1.007
1.2.58
July,
1.531
1.024
.553
.539
.741
August, .
.924
.629
.470
.401
.677
September,
.972
.549
.847
.653
.651
October, .
.798
.613
.991
.699
.808
November,
.743
.882
1.126
1.648
1.122
December,
1.154
.569
1.492
1.331
1.219
Average for whole year.
1.768
1.398
. 1.198
1.427
1.454
Average for driest six months.
1.020
.711
.791
.825
.870
Sudbury, Nashua and Merrimack Rivers.
The following table shows the weekly fluctuations during the year
1919 in the flow of the three streams just described, namely, the
Sudbury River at Framingham, the South Branch of the Nashua
River above Clinton, and the Merrimack River at Lawrence. The
flow of the first two serves to indicate the flow of other streams in
eastern Massachusetts, while that of the Merrimack indicates the gen-
eral stream flow in central New England.
66
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Table showing the Average Weekly Flow of the Sudbury, South Branch of the Nashua
and the Merrimack Rivers far the year 1919 in Cubic Feet -per Second 'per
Square Mile of Drainage Area.
Flow in Cubic Feet per
Flow in Cubic F
EET PER
Second
per Squab
E Mile.
Week ending
Second
PER Square Mile.
Week ending
Sunday — •
South
Merri-
mack
River.
Sunday —
South
Merri-
mack
River.
Sudbury
Branch
Sudbury
Branch
River.
Nashua
River.
River.
Nashua
River.
Jan. 5,
2.393
2.515
1.367
July 6,
.098
.498
.571
12,
1.543
1.274
1.183
13,
.014
.378
.573
19,
.643
1.099
.937
20,
.565
.894
.482
26,
3.123
3.382
1.436
27,
1.205
.887
.548
Feb. 2,
1.681
1.607
1.620
Aug. 3,
.182
.105
.477
9,
.913
.951
.974
10,
.128
.128
.419
16,
1.018
1.068
.780
17,
.021
.156
.379
23,
.985
1.191
.706
24,
—.046
.936
.426
31,
.475
.583
.417
Mar. 2,
4.498
2.893
1.152
9,
3.550
4.329
2.652
Sept. 7,
1.435
2.945
.472
16,
3.937
3.376
2.880
14,
1.673
1.956
.773
23,
5.054
5.120
3.290
21,
.745
.760
.753
30, . .
3.772
5.331
4.837
28,
.817
1.411
.576
Apr. 6,
2.972
2.9.50
3.522
Oct. 5,
.282
.611
.555
13,
2.482
2.636
2.498
12,
.320
.616
.693
20,
3.996
3.970
2.955
19,
.591
.810
.681
27,
2.080
1.727
2.100
26,
.223
.618
.732
May 4,
1.614
2.175
1.691
Nov. 2,
1.135
1.950
.932
11,
1.593
2.650
1.996
9,
2.221
2.892
1.850
18,
2.875
3.527
2.074
16,
1.245
2.243
1.883
25,
2.394
5.548
4.349
23,
.980
1.290
1.326
30,
3.252
4.711
1.727
June 1,
1.093
2.000
2.979
8,
.365
.948
1.302
Dec. 7,
2.258
2.021
1.843
15,
.025
.772
1.208
14,
2.952
3.677
1.637
22,
—.031
.444
.816
21,
1.472
1.384
1.229
29,
.341
.685
.620
28,
.787
1.282
.797
Examination of Rivers.
The condition of the various rivers was examined as usual during
the year, and a summary of the results was presented in the pre-
liminary report to the Legislature dated Jan. 10, 1920, and published
as House Document No. 873.
In addition to this report special reports were presented with
regard to the Charles, Taunton and Blackstone rivers by direction of
resolves of the Legislature of 1919. The report upon the Charles
River was made under the direction of chapter 9 of the Resolves of
1919, was presented on Jan. 10, 1920, and is published as House
Document No. 1240; the report upon the Taunton River was made
by direction of chapter 29 of the Resolves of 1919, was presented on
Jan. 7, 1920, and is published as House Document No. 1115; the report
on the Blackstone River was made by direction of chapter 15 of the
No. 3-1.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
67
Resolves of 1919, was presented on Jan. 10, 1920, and is published as
House Document No. 1246 of that year.
The flow of streams in 1919 was somewhat in excess of the normal,
and was the greatest that has occurred since 1903. The rainfall of
1919 was the first since 1903 that had been in excess of the normal,
the chief excess occurring between May and November, the period
when the flow of streams is usually most deficient. In consequence
of this high rainfall and unusual flow of streams the eft'ect of the
pollution has been generally less noticeable than usual.
The results of chemical examinations of the more important rivers
in recent years are presented in the following tables : —
Blackstone River.
Chemical Examination' of Water from Blackstont: River. — Averages
FOR Six JVIgnths, from Juke to NovEivrBER, in'clusive.
Blackstone River, below Cherry Valley.
[Parts in 100,000.]
O
Residue on
Ammoni.\.
a
'%
O
Nitrogen
s
i
8
a
1
Evaporation.
(S
albuminoid.
AS —
Year.
1
ii
►3
1
i
>
1
Q
Ci
o
0.
03
i
1
i
1909,
1910,
1911,
1912,1
1913,
1914,
1915,
1916,
1917,
1918,
1919,
■.35
.32
13.93
16.42
21.02
44.10
32.32
44.73
19.23
14.18
20.67
18.43
16.24
3.34
3.92
4.40
11.04
6.52
7.27
5.15
5.27
7.48
4.95
4.90
.0681
.0633
.1277
.2514
.2591
.3430
.0985
.0209
.0406
.1209
.0894
.0470
.0489
.0726
.2884
.1628
.1857
.1142
.0809
.1279
.11^5
.1221
.0334
.0387
.0559
.1023
.1122.
.1379
.0785
.0544
.0762
.0666
.0625
.0136
.0102
.0167
.1861
.0506
.0478
.0357
.0265
.0517
.0459
.0596
3.70
4.02
5.70
10.70
8.18
12.83
3.08
1.25
2.36
2.10
4.04
.0125
.0146
.0080
.0002
.0015
.0000
.0003
.0002
.0005
.0004
.0004
.0001
.80
.85
1.15
3.08
2.06
2.12
1.89
1.50
2.20
1.48
1.65
:
I Augitet omitted.
68
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Chemical Examinatiox of Water from Blackston:e River, etc. —
Conti7iued.
Blackstone River, between Mill Brook Channel and the Sewage Precipitation Works
of the City of Worcester.
[Parts in 100,000,]
i
O
Residue on
Evaporation.
Ammonia.
6
_o
Nitrogen
AS —
t-t
ALBUMINOID.
Year.
3
o
■i
1
■q
1
a
3
in
i
1
1
1
i
c
-3
1909
-
52.97
18.55
,1865
.0381
,0239
.0142
4,80
,0033
,0010
-
1910,
.15
50.92
18,97
,1933
.0545
.0309
.0236
4.07
,0023
,0009
■ -
1911,
.11
44.64
15,70
,1920
,0449
.0212
.0237
4,03
,0170
,0009
-
1912,
.10
40.05
10,91
,2047
.0352
.0225
.0127
3.58
,0027
.0011
-
1913,
.10
35.17
10,34
,2767
.0491
,0285
.0206
3.18
.0003
,0008
-
191.4.
.14
35,03
8.23
,2993
,0771
.0510
.0261
3,85
,0012
,0018
-
1915,
.13
39,00
11,68
,2383
,0650
,0392
,02.58
2.96
-
-
-
1916.1
-
29.10
8,20
,2483
.0549
,0354
,0195
2,08
-
-
-
1917,2
.23
42.38
11,04
,4864
,Q612
,0379
.0233
2.19
-
-
-
1918,
.20
37.36
10.23
,2917
,0728
,0322
,0406
2.23
-
-
-
1919,
.37
28.06
7.08
.3168
,0808
.0361
.0447
1.63
-
-
-
1 September omitted.
2 November omitted.
Blackstone River,
below Sewage Precipitatio7i
Works.
1909
-
53,79
12.12
1,0567
.1282
.0792
,0490
6,92
.0067
,0075
-
1910,
-
52.15
12.52
1.00,90
.1654
,0817
,0837
5.68
,0015
,0034
-
191.1.
.21
53,25
13,15
.9967
,1608
.0651
.0957
6,54
,0152
,0072
-
1912,
.23
48,90
10.08
1.1700
,1673
.0904
.0769
6.12
,0137
.0096
-
1913."
.28
40,68
10.46
.19320
,1286
.0719
.0567
4.49
.0158
,0084
-
1914,
.25
43,46
9,08
,8577
.1114
.0770
,0344
4.87
.0038
,0091
-
1915,
.13
39,45
6.77
.6370
,1032
.0575
,0457
3.58
-
-
-
1916.1
-
49,21
9.00
.6684
,1031
,0607
,0424
3,69
-
-
-
1917,2
-
50,37
12.46
.9350
.0926
.0610
.0316
4,25
-
-
-
1918,
.61
39.03
8,40
.8590
,1370
,0687
.0683
3,42
-
-
-
1919,
.21
32.30
6,50
.5940
.0891
,0511
.0380
2.78
-
-
-
1 September omitted.
2 July omitted.
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
G9
Chemical Examixation' of Water from Blackstone River, etc. —
Co7ichided.
Blackstone River, at Uxbridge.
[Parts in 100,000.]
S
Residue on
Evaporation.
Ammonia.
i
J3
O
Nitrogen
AS —
£
ALBUMINOID.
Year.
"3
d
"3
1
•a
>
■d
1
CO
1
1
1
i
•E
1909
.22
18.31
4.35
.3473
.0273
.0216
.0057
3.64
.0325
.0066
-
1910,
.26
22.53
4.69
.4963
.0356
.0302
.0054
4.62
.0498
.0043
-
1911,
.26
23.10
3.85
.3717
.0293
.0225
.0068
4.15
.0558
.0173
-
1912,
.21
21.91
3.06
.4897
.0345
.0288
.0057
4.06
.0497
.0137
6.5
1913,
.29
19.48
3.70
.3880
.0355
.0281
.0074
3.34
.0382
.0107
5.5
1914,
.25
23.72
2.84
.5285
.0355
.0284
.0071
4.55
.0482
.0154
7.2
1915,
.30
19.63
2.75
.3068
.0381
.0302
.0079
3.10
-
-
6.3
1916,1
.32
20.42
4.72
.3766
.0376
.0293
.0083
2.74
-
6.3
1917,
.22
22.21
4.28
.3904
.0365
.0286
.0079
3.27
-
-
1918,
.36
19.23
4.12
.2555
.0354
.0280
.0074
3.26
-
-
-
1919,
.37
17.96
3.76
.2342
.0330
.0275
.0055
2.55
-
-
-
1 August omitted.
Blackstone River , at Millville.
1909,
1910,
1911,
1912,
1913,
1914,
1915,
1916,
1917,
1918,
1919,
.24
11.87
3.17
.1595
.0267
.0220
.0047
2.27
.0225
.0019
.30
13.94
3.32
.2350
.0277
.0234
.0043
3.01
.0290
.0013
.33
14.35
2.79
.1787
.0268
.0222
.0046
2.94
.0355
.0051
.29
15.20
2.18
.2433
.0283
.0249
.0034
2.91
.0421
.0064
.37
12.92
2.38
.1631
.0281
.0237
.0044
2.44
.0345
.0063
.28
14.33
2.78
.2245
.0304
.0243
.0061
2.78
.0233
.0065
.42
13.55
2.02
.1379
.0361
.0267
.0094
2.12
-
-
.38
13.31
2.78
.2284
.0266
.0199
.0067
1.86
-
-
.33
14.19
3.96
.1572
.0286
.0222
.0064
2.12
-
-
.42
13.87
3.42
.1166
.0334
.0252
.0082
2.21
-
-
.37
13.92
4.18
.1193
.0313
.0262
.0051
1.81
-
-
70
STATE DEPAKTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Charles River.
Chemical Exajiinatiox of Water from Charles River. — Averages for
Six Moxths, from June to November, inclusive.
Charles River, above Milford.
[Parts in 100,000.]
"o
Residue on
Ammonia.
a
1
o
Nitrogen
■6
B
a
o
o
a
a
>.
O
EVAPOHATION.
fo
albuminoid.
AS —
Year.
e2
a
m -
m to
a"
-0
Q
a
C
01
s.
§
1
1
1914,1 .
.34
4.03
1.43
.0046
.0228
.0178
.0050
.41
.0000
.0000
.35
0.9
1915,1 .
.75
5.00
2.27
.0039
.0296
.0260
.0036
.41
-
-
.84
1.1
1916,1 .
.49
4.70
2.23
.0058
.0219
.0207
.0012
.37
-
-
.75
1.0
1917, .
.43
4.96
1.58
.0062
.0197
.0157
.0040
.35
-
-
.53
1.3
1918,2 .
.37
4.15
1.26
.0096
.0209
.0155
.0054
.38
-
-
.41
1.2
1919,
.35
4.94
1.77
.0037
.0194
.0171
.0023
.34
-
-
.54
1.3
1 Three months.
2 Four months.
Charles River, below Milford.
1914, .
.48
12.47
2.87
.2817
.0470
.0368
.0102
1.74
.0298
.0085
.74
3.3
1915,
.72
12.00
3.58
.1327
.0587
.0344
.0243
1.61
-
-
1.04
3.1
1916,1 .
.41
12.26
4.96
.1258
.0251
.0220
.0031
1.93
-
-
.81
2.9
1917, .
.32
17.93
5.77
.4138
.0413
.0321
.0092
3.24
-
-
.49
3.7
1918,2 .
.62
10.33
3.10
.0519
.0531
.0366
.0165
1.71
-
-
.95
-
1919, .
.50
13.36
5.16
.2005
.0418
.0341
.0077
2.16
-
-
.74
-
1 Oct
ober omi
tted.
2 Foui
montl
s.
Charles River, opposite Pumping Station of Brookline Water Works.
1914, .
.55
7.10
1.87
.0055
.0314
.0265
.0049
.92
.0032
.0001
.66
2.1
1916,1 .
.45
8.10
2.60
.0087
.0245
.0211
.0034
.96
-
-
.65
2.0
1917, .
.70
7.93
2.72
.0053
.0394
.0270
.0124
.73
-
-
1.02
2.1
1918,2 .
.66
7.25
2.50
.0084
.0401
.0323
.0078
.86
-
-
.80
1.9
1919,
.81
6.98
2.44
.0087
.0332
.0277
.0055
.78
-
-
.93
2.1
1 Two months.
2 Three months.
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING. 71
Chemical Examination of Water from Charles River, etc. — Conchided.
Charles River, opposite Pumping Station of Waltham Water Works.
[Parts in 100,000.]
o
6
Residue on
Ammonia.
6
a
*C
O
Nitrogen
T3
O
a
g
c
o
1
>.
X
O
Evaporation.
£
ALBtTMINOID.
AS —
Year.
3
a
.3
1
i
d
o
g.
3
to
1
.1
s
■H
1914, .
.52
7.45
1.98
.0117
.0353
.0297
.0056
.92
.0030
.0002
.57
2.6
1915,
.93
8.30
2.97
.0131
.0475
.0407
.0068
.91
-
-
1.11
2.3
1916,
.69
8.68
3.38
.0163
.0328
.0246
.0082
.89
-
-
.91
2.2
1917,
.67
7.68
2.75
.0109
.0310
.0282
.0028
.80
-
-
.71
2.3
1918,1 .
.49
6.60
2.27
.0101
.0384
.0272
.0112
.96
-
-
.61
2.2
1919. .
.80
7.38
2.02
.0151
.0371
.0323
.0048
.76
-
-
.81
-
1 Three months.
Chicopee River.
Chemical Examination of Water from Chicopee River and its Tribu-
taries. — Averages for Six Months, from June to November, in-
clusive.
Ware River, below Ware.
[Parts in 100,000.]
i
Resid
UE on
Ammonia.
6
1
Nitrogen
T3
o
a
3
S
s
d
o
>.
X
O
Evaporation.
^
albuminoid.
AS —
Year.
1
o.-
sr
1
>
s>
a
O
a
O
2
1
1
c
•a
1914,
.60
10.47
3.15
.0501
.0704
.0488
.0216
.53
.0012
.0006
.82
-
1915,
.76
9.43
3.41
.0317
.0746
.0427
.0319
.42
-
-
1.16
- -
1916,
.79
7.37
2.82
.0148
.0451
.0334
.0117
.36
-
-
1.04
-
1917,1 .
.53
8.38
2.68
.0529
.0630
.0376
.0254
.44
-
-
.74
-
1918,
.66
8.08
3.26
.0319
.0647
.0414
.0233
.39
-
-
1.14
-
1919, . .
.75
7.83
2.62
.0227
.0457
.0373
.0084
.31
-
1.14
-
1 July omitted.
72
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Chemical Examination of Water from Chicopee River and its Tribu-
taries, ETC. — Concluded.
Qiiaboag River, beloio Palmer.
[Parts in 100,000.]
i
Residue on
Evaporation.
Ammonia.
i
o
Nitrogen
AS —
a
8
1
X
O
i
ALBUMINOID.
Year.
1
Ql-l
1
>
1
a
m
1
g
1
i
i
1914, .
.49
6.62
1.62
.0144
.0243
.0176
.0067
.49
.0045
.0004
.35
-
1915, .
.56
6.00
2.12
.0128
.0336
.0236
.0100
.40
-
-
.62
-
1916, .
.64
6.02
2.54
.0134
.0278
.0209
.0069
.31
-
-
.70
-
1918,1 .
.26
5.70
1.88
.0149
.0220
.0156
.0064
.45
-
-
.41
-
1919,2 .
.49
5.20
1.85
.0100
.0207
.0160
.0047
.32
-
-
.56
-
1 Four months.
2 June omitted.
Swift River, below Bondsville.
1914,
1915,
1916,
1917,
1918,
1919,
.35
4.97
1.67
.0037
.0304
.46
4.95
1.83
.0052
.0269
.49
4.22
1.67
.0026
.0193
.33
5.07
2.02
.0034
.0224
.34
4.35
1.63
.0055
.0197
.43
4.80
2.08
.0046
.0203
0219 .0085
.20
.0025
.0002
.55
0202 .0067
.24
-
-
.64
0160 .0033
.18
-
-
.69
0166
.0058
.19
-
-
.50
0155
.0042
.21
-
-
.49
0177
.0026
.22
-
-
.59
Chicopee River, above Chicopee.
1914, .
•.33
6.50
2.00
.0168
.0278
.0212
.0066
.51
.0095
.0008
.40
-
1915, .
.61
6.45
1.98
.0168
.0295
.0242
.0053
.39
-
-
.64
-
1916,1 .
.69
6.15
2.35
.0126
.0236
.0194
.0042
.32
-
-
.72
-
1917,2 .
.35
8.84
3.10
.0244
.0250
.0196
.0054
.36
-
-
.43
-
1918,1 .
.38
6.25
2.00
.0351
.0373
.0282
.0091
.46
-
-
.50
-
1919,3 .
.50
6.23
2.80
.0232
.0261
.0213
.0048
.34
-
-
.60
-
1 Four
mont
IS.
2
June(
)mitte
i.
3 Th
ree mo
nths.
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
Concord River.
Chemical Examination of Water from Concord River and its Tribu-
taries. — AVER.\GES FOR SiX MONTHS, FROM JUNE TO NOVEMBER, IN-
CLUSIVE.
Sialbitry River, below Saxonville.
[Parts in 100,000.]
Residue on
Ammonia.
Nitrogen
s
3
a
8
Evaporation.
ALBUMINOID.
AS —
Year.
d
■6
-d
i
i
6
m to
sr
1
1
t
1
Q
-a
1
02
o
Q
1
1
't-c
I
6
■H
1914,
.51
9.62
3.03
.0292
.0439
.0276
.0163
1.13
.0220
.0042
.61
_
1915,
.97
6.67
2.75
'.0129
.0408 .0319
.0089
.73
-
-
1.04
-
1916,1 .
.62
7.20
2.10
.0315
.0311 .0264
.0047
.93
-
-
.74
-
1917,
.52
7.30
2.70
.0185
.0481 1.0306
.0175
.63
-
-
.73
-
1918,
.52
6.68
2.52
.0158
.0340
.0242
.0098
.71
-
-
.59
-
1919,
.65
8.12
3.47
].0138
.0326
.0263
.0063
.77
.91
1 June omitted.
Assabet River, above
Vestborough.
1914,
.92
7.37
2.78
.0088
.0356
.0304
.0052
.41
.0034
.0001
.98
_
1915,
1.56
8.08
4.02
.0046
.0453
.0406
.0047
.46
-
-
1.74
-
1916,
1.01
7.52
3.20
.0033
.0298
.0260
.0038
.47
-
-
1.24
-
1917,
.82
8.11
3.43
.0088
.0325
.0281
.0044
.57
-
-
1.11
-
1918,1 .
1.20
7.46
3.42
.0286
.0400
.0315
.0085
.56
-
-
1.31
-
1919,
.86
7.25
3.07
.0068
.0331
.0276
.0055
.48
"
1.13
1 September omitted.
Assabet River, below Westborough.
1909.
1".70
19.24
8.91
.4140 .2281
.1616
.0665 ' 1.94
.0005
.0005
2.90
_
1910
2.23
17.07
7.00
.2898 .1334
.1018
.0316 : 2.16
.0078
.0018
2.20
-
1911
.83
12.09
4.01
.0556 .0460
.0373
.0087 :; 1.87 ,
.0967
.0121
1.24
-
191'
.66
12.71
4.01
.0975 .0419
.0357
.0062 ,1 2.20
.1998
.0132
.95
-
1913
1.15
9.67
4.21
.0152 .0448
.0401
.0047 I; 1.08
.1078
.0016
1.37
-
1914
.80
10.21
3.14
.0089 0399
.0339
.0060
1.59 '•
.0195
.0005
1.01
-
1915
1.62
9.46
4.28
.0118 '.0.539
.0438
.0101
.87 I
-
-
1.83
-
1916
.88
11.30
4.38
.0807 .0360
.0319
.0041
1.8V
-
-
1.12
-
1917
.80
10.08
3.68
.0428 .0381
.0352
.0029
1.03
-
-
1.04
-
1918
1
.85
9.18
3.57
.0427 .0424
.0333
.0091 1.10
-
-
1.08
-
1919
.93
7.55
3.02
.0070 i.0364
.0322
.0042 .53
1.25
1 September omitted.
Assabet River, above Hudson.
1914,
.44
6.80
2.10
.0066
.0275
.0222 .0053
.65
.0060
.0001
.53
_
1915,
.82
6.48
2.63
.0064
.0325
.0305 .0020
.55
-
-
1.02
-
1916,
.54
6.68
2.73
i.0053
.0236
.0208
.0028
.61
-
-
.62
-
1917,
.50
6.64
2.26
.0057
.0288
.0223
.0065
.55
-
-
.57
-
1918,
.46
5.68
2.01
.0049
.0263
.0233
.0030
.71
-
-
.53
-
1919,
.62
6.52
2.46
.0064
.0276
.0244
.0032
.50
"
.74
74
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Chemical Examination of Water from Concord River and its Tribu-
taries, ETC. — Concluded.
Assabet River, below Hudson.
[Parts in 100,000.)
Residue on
Ammonia.
NiTH
AS
OGEN
a
Evaporation.
o
Year.
ci
T3
i
m
O
"S
c-3
aj
3
Ci
'C
o
'S
OS
o
^
2
o
s
3
O
^
%
o
1909,
.51
8.81
3.26
.0161
.0403
.0296
.0107
.98
.0022
.0002
.64
_
1910,
.69
13.83
3.83
.0413
.0428
.0337
.0091
1.27
.0048
.0002
1.24
-
1911,
.64
12.83
4.30
.0817
.0532
.0400
.0132
.90
.0043
.0003
1.06
-
1912,
.78
18.08
3.99
.0939
.0752
.0494
.0258
1.02
.0053
.0002
1.28
-
1913,1
.76
13.29
3.34
.0727
.0704
.0.577
.0127
1.07
.0036
.0004
1.28
-
1914.
.57
11.88
3.10
.0720
.0601
.0436
.0165
' .98
.0042
.0002
; 1.03
-
1915,
.90
8.25
3.17
.0144
.0466
.0.356
.0110
.59
-
- ~
1.16
-
1916,
.64
11.03
3.95
.0398
.0509
.0377
.0132
.70
-
-
.89
-
1917.
.63
10.36
3.57
.0250
.0522
.0376
.0146
.65
-
-
.77
-
1918,
.52
11.08
2. 86
.0284
.0486
.0345
.0141
.77
-
-
.73
-
1919,
.69
8.04
3.44
.0103
.0464
.0359
.0105
! .53
~
.95
~
1 November omitted.
Annabel River, above Maynard.
1914, .
.46
7.02
2.39
.0069
.0373
.0308
.0065
.82
.0014
.0002
.53
1915,
.92
7.08
2.63
.0104
.0403
.0336
.0067
.63
_
-
1.03
1916,
.64
7.25
2.47
.0127
.0302
.0260
.0042
.67
-
-
.81
1917,
.57
7.95
2.57
.0204
.0361
.0276
.0085
.63
-
-
.68
1918,
.64
7.63
2.33
.0154
.0363
.0325
.0038
.82
-
-
.75
1919,1 .
.76
7.92
2.72
.0353
.0445
.0381
.0064
.63
~
~
1.02
1 August omitted.
Assabet River, below Maynard.
1909,
1910,
1911,
1912,
1913,
1914,
1915,
1916,
1917,
1918,
1919,1
_
13.97
4.21
.1208
.0991
.»629
.0462
1.22
.0007
.0006
1.34
.59
13.15
4.68
.0708
.0685
.0446
.0239
1.82
.0038
.0006
.85
.58
12.73
4.17
.07.38
.06.50
.0408
.0242
1.41
.0060
.0006
1.08
-
12.94
3.92
|.1205
.0771
.0494
.0277
1.46
.0026
.0010
1.04
.60
10.60
3.01
1.0746
.0597
.0394
.0203 '
1.34
.0311
.0007
.85
.33
11.58
2.87
.0705
.0.595
.0378
.0217
1.32
i.0056
.0012
.73
.69
10.78
3.25
.0509
.0610
.0.3.53
.0257
1.27
-
-
.99
.83
11.27
3.98
.0191
.0576
.0364
.0212
1.13
-
-
1.32
.67
12.08
4.14
.0684
.0832
.0440
.0392
1.30
-
-
1.07
.57
10.27
3.42
.0233
.0559
.0369
.0190
1.13
-
-
.«1
.95
8.49
3.35
.0336
.0446
.0370
.0076
.80
-
-
1.06
1 August om.itted.
Concord River, at Billerica.
1914,
.41
8.78
2.20
.0096
.0335
.0284
.0051
1.10
.0072
.0005
.50
1915, .
.88
7.92
2.93
.0157
0411
.0375
.0036
.84
-
-
1.05
1916, .
.62
8.60
2.87
.0130
.0292
.0256
.0036
.85
-
-
.78
1917,
.54
7.42
2.32
.0166
.0321
.0268
.0053
.94
-
-
.55
1918, .
.51
7.83
2.45
.0134
.0365
.0303
.0062
.94
-
-
.66
1919,
.68
7.72
2.48
.0157
.0311
.0267
.0044
.77
-
-
.86
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANIIWRY ENGINEERING.
75
Connecticut River.
Chemical Examixatiox of Water from Connecticut River. — Averages
FOR Six Months, from June to November, inclusive.
Connecticut River, at Northfield Farms.
[Parts in 100,000.]
Residue on
Ammonia.
Nitrogen
s
Evaporation.-
AS —
3
a
Year.
a
■6
73
ai
o
i
8
3
>
g
ft
a
1
1
'B
g
a
"73
!3
o
o
u
O
H
hJ
fe
H
Q
CO
O
^
g
O
K
1914, .
.29
8.03
2.73
.0056
.0182
.0137
.0045
.17
.0012
.0001
.70
1915,
.30
7.08
2.08
.0031
.0162
.0124
.0038
.17
_
.60
-
1916,1 .
.37
6.90
2.10
.00.32
.0152
.0135
.0017
.14
-
-
.80
-
1917,1 .
.35
7.40
3.08
.0055
.0196 ;.0139
.0057
.13
-
-
.63
-
191S, .
.33
6.93
2.20
.0041
.0186 .0142
.0044
.19
_
_
.80
-
1919,
.33
6.95
2.15
.0050
.0182 .0155
.0027
.16
~
~
.76
~
1 August omitted.
Connecticut River, below Springfield.
1914, .
.29
7.92
2.50
.0185
.0243
.0178
.0065
.30
.0023
.0003
.82
1915, .
.35
7.15
2.38
.0091
.0216
.0151
.0065
.24
-
-
.69
1916,
.37
7.82
3.09 :
.0067
.0173
.0143
.0030
.20
-
-
.77
1917, .
.36
8.30
3.30 [
.0106
.0227
.0174
.0053
.22
-
_
.67
1918,
.33
7.48
2.60
.0168
.0236
.0149
.0087
.26
-
-
.77
1919,1 .
.34
7.82
2.07
.0124
.0213
.0159
.0054
.27
~
"
.86
1 August omitted.
Deerfield River.
Chemical Ex.\mination of Water from Deerfield River. — Averages for
Six Months, from June to November, inclusive.
Deerfield River, at Shelburne Falls.
[Parts in 100,000.]
Residue on
Ammonia.
Nitrogen.
AS —
EVAPOR.iTION.
ALBUMINOID.
a
g
Year.
c
•d
i
i
6
o
3"
s
O
s
a
1
02
S3
3
u
1
1
1
a
1
X
O
1
K
1914,
.45
4.80
1.57
.0062
.0222
.0167
.0055
.17
.0022
.0003
.56
1915,
.27
4. 58
1.44
.0042
.0149
.0121
.0028
.16
_
-
.39
-
1916,1 .
.34
4.50
2.23
.00,33
.0129
.0117
.0012
.23
-
-
.55
-
1917,2 .
.22
4.97
1.90
.0035
.0113
.0093
.0020
.12
-
-
.20
-
1918,
.39
5.13
1.47
.0085
.0232
.0182
.0050
.23
_
-
.52
-
1919,3 .
.26
6.28
1.44
.0056
.0151
.0131
.0020
.14
~
~
.41
~
1 Four months.
2 Three months.
3 August omitted.
76
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Chemical Examination or Water from Deerfield River, etc. —
Concluded.
Deerfield River, beloiv Green River.
[Parts in 100,000.]
i
6
Resid
UE ON
Ammonia.
1
O
.19
Nitrogen
B
3
g
d
1
6
Ev.iPORATION.
£
ALBUMINOID.
AS —
Year.
"a
a
3
s
1
1
i
1
i
1914, .
.30
5.68
1.80
.0124
.0182
.0143
.0039
.0020
.0001
.43
-
1915,1 .
.22
5.41
1.28
.0211
.0195
.0128
.0067
.20
-
-
.34
-
1916,
.29
5.60
1.47
.0226
.0160
.0127
.0033
.21
-
-
.43
-
1917,2 .
.24
8.68
2.90
.0161
.0187
.0148
.0039
.20
-
-
.36
-
1918,
.29
6.38
2.23
.0141
.0198
.0136
.0062
.25
-
-
.47
-
1919,2 .
.32
5.08
1.53
.0086
.0181
.0153
.0028
.18
-
-
.48
-
1 Four months.
2 August omitted.
French River.
Chemical Examination of Water from French River. — Averages for
Six Months, from June to November, inclusive.
French River, below Webster.
[Parts in 100,000.]
Residue on
Ammonia.
6
O
Nitrogen
■a
s
a
I
O
Evaporation.
6
albuminoid.
AS —
Year.
.1
"o
H
1
o
g.
3
1
1
1
1
a
1
1914, .
.40
8.50
2.48
.0500
.0675
.0399
.0276
.72
.0018
.0027
.69
-
1915,
.53
8.38
3.02
.0472
.0778
.0448
.0330
.80
-
-
.88
-
1916,
.60
8.03
2.55
.0521
.0593
.0402
.0191
.84
-
-
.86
-
1917,
.48
7.85
3.08
.0428
.0645
.0367
.0278
.61
-
-
.72
-
1918,1 .
.50
9.00
3.75
.0162
.0779
.0416
.0363
.80
-
-
.96
-
1919,
.53
9.52
4.02
.0257
.0492
.0317
.0175
.55
-
-
1.13
-
1 Four months.
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
77
Hoosick River.
Chemical Examination of Water from Hoosick River. — Averages for
Six Months, from June to November, inclusive.
Hoosick River, at Williamstoivn.
[Parts in 100,000.)
o
O
Residue on
Ammonia.
Nitrogen
i
e
3
a
o
a
>,
X
O
Evaporation.
6
o
fin
ALBUMINOID.
AS —
Year.
3
o
c
1-1
"3
1
3
1
1
.1
-4-3
1
c
■a
1
1914, .
.39
18.62
4.02
.0670
.0584
.0381
.0203
.83
.0037
.0015
.63
9.5
1915,
.21
12.65
2.60
.0351
.0316
.0202
.0114
.49
-
-
.32
6.9
1916,1 .
.29
12.93
4.10
.0422
.0294
.0195
.0099
.67
-
-
.40
7.2
1917,1 .
.22
14.54
4.96
.0585
.0328
.0197
.0131
.59
-
-
.35
-
1918,2 . ...
.39
18.10
4.17
.0685
.0628
.0360
.0268
1.07
-
-
.76
-
1919,
.33
16.10
3.78
.0339
.0397
.0227
.0170
.60
-
-
.64
-
1 August omitted.
2 Three months.
Housatonic River.
Chemical Ex,\mination of Water from Housatonic River and its
Branches. — Aver.\ges for Six Months, from June to November,
inclusive.
East Branch, below Pittsfield.
[Parts in 100,000.]
"3
Residue on
Evaporation.
Ammonia.
S3
Nitrogen
AS —
£
E
3
O
C
a
O
6
albuminoid.
Year.
3
o
o
•a
>
a
S
i
a
a
P.
§
in
1
1
a
1914,1 .
.24
13.82
3.27
.0509
.0351
.0271
.0080
.47
.0087
.0015
.53
-
1915, .
.37
11.98
3.23
.0527
.0304
.0236
.0068
.35
-
-
.60
-
1916, .
.34
12.67
4.00
.0496
.0292
.0225
.0067
.40
-
-
.54
-
1917,
.07
11.41
3.38
.0228
.0247
.0159
.0088
.22
-
-
.31
-
1918,2 .
.17
10.65
2.60
.0178
.0201
.0166
.0035
.34
-
-
.39
-
1919,3 .
.31
12.75
3.65
.0372
.0298
.0211
.0087
.34
-
-
.48
-
1 Four months.
2 Two months.
3 Three months.
78
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Chemical Examination of Water from Housatonic River and its
Br.\nches, etc. — Concluded.
West Branch, below Pittsfield.
[Parts in 100,000.]
"o
O
Residue on
Ammonia.
a
3
o
Nitrogen
s
m
a
o
e
>>
6
Evaporation.
8
ALBUMINOID.
AS —
Year.
"3
d
5"
"3
■6
1
s
i
a
a
3
m
i
1
1
i
c
1914,1 .
.20
14.62
2.75
.0288
.0495
.0313
.0182
.45
.0017
.0011
.61
-
1915,2 .
.34
16.62
3.72
.0671
.0691
.0359
.0332
.65
-
-
.63
-
1916, .
.18
12.93
3.78
.0568
.0432
.0228
.0204
.46
-
-
.29
-
1917, .
.20
14.00
4.43
.0429
.0378
.0204
.0174
.38
-
-
.49
-
1918,3 .
.23
15.43
3.40
.0463
.0594
.0285
.0309
.65
-
-
.43
-
1919,3 .
.31
16.50
4.45
.0103
.0429
.0283
.0146
.35
-
-
.62
-
1 Four months.
2 September omitted.
3 Three months.
So^dhwest Branch,
at Pittsfield.
1914,' .
.16
15.05
2.30
.0098
.0259
.0166
.0093
.24
.0072
.0005
.37
-
1915, .
.14
15.25
2.95
.0070
.0243
.0159
.0084
.26
-
-
.30
-
1916, .
.15
14.97
4.69
.0038
.0197
.0122
.0075
.20
-
-
.30
-
1917. .
.17
16.98
. 4.30
.0326
.0292
.0172
.0120
.36
-
-
.35
-
1918.2 .
.14
15.76
3.87
.0188
.0201
.0155
.0046
.32
-
-
.22
-
1919,2 .
.13
12.95
3.30
.0115
.0187
.0123
.0064
.21
-
-
.29
-
1 Four months.
2 Three months.
Housatonic River, beloio Great Barr
Ington
1914,1 .
.22
17.62
4.22
.0147
.0372
.0268
.0104
.69
.0112
.0023
.42
-
1915, .
.23
15.83
3.60
.0142
.0296
.0183
.0113
.46
-
.47
-
1916,2 .
.22
15.40
5.80
.0143
.0230
.0174
.0056
.49
-
.40
-
1917,3 .
.19
15.76
4.30
.0130
.0295
.0196
.0099
.52
-
-
.43
-
1918, .
.21
16.65
4.97
.0166
.0273
.0210
.0063
.61
-
-
.41
-
1919, .
.21
15.02
3.67
.0098
.0230
.0190
.0040
.46
-
-
.43
-
1 Four months.
2 June omitted.
' September omitted.
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANm\IlY ENGINEERING.
Merrimack River.
Chemical Examination of Water from ]Merrimack River. — Aveii-^ges
FOR Six jMonths, from June to November, inclusive.
Merrimack River, above Lowell.
[Parts in 100,000.)
Residue on
Ammonia.
Nitrogen
s
Evaporation.
albuminoid.
AS —
'
■73
\ EAR.
c-2
>
o
o
13
u
o
S
1
Ol-l
1-1 •
i5
i
S
ft
xn
S
O
^
g
g
o
1914,
.30
5.32
1.74
.0170
.0255
.0181
.0074
.35
.0037
.0003
.61
1.6
1915,
.46
5.43
2.18
.0140
.0273
.0205
.0068
.32
-
-
.79
1.3
1916,1 .
.50
6.02
2.06
.0078
.0197
.0169
.0028
.25
-
-
.77
1.3
1917,
.34
6.58
2.12
.0117
.0222 .0166
.0056
.36
-
-
.54
1.4
1918,
.37
5.88
2.05
.0140
.0238 .0191
.0047
.42
-
-
.72
1.5
1919, .
.36
5.45
1.91
.0165
.0232 .0178
.0054
.35
.72
1.7
1 October omitted.
Merrimack Rivei
•, above Laivrence.
1914,
.23
6.85
2.62
.0280
.0246 .0201
.0045
.59
.0190
.0003
.59
1.7
1915,
.33
7.05
2.83
.0183
.02.30 .0177
.0053
.47
.0139
.0002
.69
1.6
1916,
.47
6.89
2.77
.0143
.0211 .0146
.0065
.43
.0175
.0004
.55
1.4
1917,
.44
6.54
2.53
.0147
.0203 |.0169
.0034
.50
.0147
.0007
.47
li2
1918,
.45
7.10
2.88
.0176
.0233 .0174
.0059
.53
.0132
.0010
.66
1.2
1919, .
.42
7.37
3.23
.0214
.0211 .0159
.0052
.52
.0185
.0013
.61
0.9
Miller's River.
Chemical Examination of Water from Miller's River. — Averages for
Six Months, from June to November, inclusive.
Miller's River, below Miller's Falls.
[Parts in 100,000.]
6
Residue on
Ammoni.*..
o
.2
u
Nitrogen
e
3
a
O
a
a
o
Evaporation.
£
albuminoid.
AS —
Year.
3
^
a
O
"3
1
1
5
■2
ft
3
CO
i
.1
a
1
1914, .
.44
5.17
1.85
.0073
.0251 .0204
.0047
.36
.0068
.0003
.49
_
1915, .
.88
5.77
2.75
.0092
.0311 .0256
.0055
.31
-
-
.93
-
1916,
.80
4.85
2.14
.0093
.0274 .0212
.0062
.31
-
-
.97
-
1917,
.75
5.90
2.75
.0058
.0281 .0224
.0057
.25
-
-
.78
-
1918, .
.62
4.90
1.67
.0058
.0267 1.0226
.0041
.32
-
-
.73
-
1919, .
.64
5.10
1
1.92
.0095
.0301 1.0245
.0056
.30
"
.95
80
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Nashua River.
Chemical Ex.\mination of Water from Nashua River. — ■ Averages for
Six Months, from June to November, inclusive.
North Branch of Nashua River, below Fitchburg.
[Parts in 100,000.]
Residue on
Ev.^^PORATION.
Ammonia.
Nitrogen
AS —
S
i
6
ALBUMINOID.
6
c
'u
3
o
13
a
Year.
3
3
i
a
.1
o
^
3"
fa
E^
Q •
m
O
IS
^
O
hL)
1909,
.52
15.85
3.42
.3220
.0958
.0563
.0395
1.87
.0027
.0014
1.02
_
1910,
.60
20.11
4.90
.4047
.1235
.0789
.0446
2.29
.0017
.0009
1.03
-
1911,
.51
19.38
5.57
.2848
.1035
.0566
.0469
2.37
.0027
.0015
1.15
-
1912,
.57
19.52
4.99
.2.380
.1007
.0560
.04-47
2.20
.0032
.0019
1 99
-
1913,
.40
23.45
4.97
.2770
.1064
.0561
.0503
2.02
.0028
.0013
1.42
5.0
1914,
.41
26.93
5.78
.3260
.1156
.0662
.0494
2.60
.0020
.0006
1.55
5.9
1915,'
.41
14.68
3.52
.0578
.0745
.0296
.0449
1.26
-
-
.94
3.1
1916,2
.42
18.52
5.12
.1043
.0778
.0380
.0398
2.12
-
-
1.03
3.2
1917,
.42
15.66
4.00
.0433
.0702
.0394
.0.308
1.68
-
-
.74
-
1918,
.49
19.87
6.02
.0602
.0800
.0431
.0369
2.12
-
-
1.04
-
1919,
.37
22.16
6.84
.0618
.0714
.0444
.0270
2.00
~
~
1.25
~
1 October omitted.
August omitted.
North Branch of Nashua River, at Lancaster.
1909, .
.44
12.26
3.41
.1556
.0330
.0284
.0046
1.46
.0360
.0066
.60
_
1910
.45
13.44
3.82
.1655
.0462
.0.366
.0096
1.63
.0388
.0108
.70
-
1911
.51
15.64
4.10
.3067
.0828
.0408
.0420
1.95
.0208
.0083
.92
-
1912
.45
12.65
3.10
.1252
.0438
.0275
.0163
1,68
.0343
.0083
.72
-
1913
.43
15.45
3.02
.2292
.05.33
.0386
.0147
1.75
.0133
.0053
.80
4.2
1914
.39
16.80
3.15
.2147
.0466
.0336
.0130
1.94
.0262
.0115
.67
4.1
1915
.42
12.10
3.49
.0757
.0465
.0294
.0171
1.31
-
-
.69
2.4
1916
I
.41
12.34
3.92
.0539
.0336
.0257
.0079
1.28
-
-
.73
2.7
1917
.32
14.28
2.82
.0542
.0343
.0240
.0103
1.52
-
-
.51
-
1918
.31
13.83
3.22
.0755
.0392
.0291
.0101
1.98
-
-
.55
3.4
1919
.33
14.22
3.30
.0663
.0315
.0254
.0061
1.52
-
-
.64
1 October omitted.
Nashiia River, at PejjpereU.
1914,1 .
.31
12.67
2.75
.0595
.0459
.0286
.0173
1.27
.0132
.0027
.59
1915, .
.46
8.25
2.27
.0222
.0328
.0237
.0091
.85
-
-
.63
-
1916,2 .
.43
8.57
2.33
.0191
.0248
.0197
.0051
.78
-
-
.57
-
1917, .
.39
10.96
4.06
.0434
.0357
.0204
.0153
1.25
-
-
.54
-
1918, .
.31
10.75
3.00
.03.38
.0305
.0210
.0095
1.53
-
-
.51
-
1919,
.34
9.93
3.28
.0258
.0245
.0218
.0027
1.04
~
~
.69
-
1 Two months.
2 Three months.
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
81
Neponset River.
Chemical Examination of Water from Neponset River. — Averages for
Six Months, from June to November, inclusive.
Neponset River, at Hyde Park.
[Parts in 100,000.]
-
Residue on
Evaporation.
Ammonia.
Nitrogen
AS —
a
3
C
O
ALBUMINOID.
Year.
c
i
<«•
o
"cS
c-2
6
"S
"o
0)
c
>>
6
o
Qi-l
O
H
p
3
O
^
^;
O
«
1909.
28.69
9.08
.1723
.1218
.0898
.0320
5.35
.0027
.0009
2.02
10.0
1910
_
31.37
10.16
.1740
. 1333
.1000
.0333
5.84
.0010
.0002
2.96
10.4
1911
1.24
18.82
5.49
.0786
.0727
.0539
.0188
3.36
.0025
.0007
1.86
7.1
19^
.82
26.02
6.45
.1241
.1020
.0707
.0313
4.18
.0017
.0012
2.31
9.2
191S
1.02
26.13
6.22
.0533
.0757
.0494
.0263
3.93
.0020
.0007
2.29
7.9
1914
.93
20.27
4.37
.0754
.0697
.0484
.0213
3.43
.0025
.0008
1.31
5.2
1915
1
1.23
19.67
6.30
.0530
.1078
.0649
.0429
2.42
-
-
1.92
5.3
191fi
1.28
19.47
5.37
.0466
.0761
.0554
.0207
2.37
-
-
1.96
-
1917
.93 '
15.55
6.40
.0474
.0599
.0394
.0205
1.88
-
-
1.09
1918
.87
19.65
5.87
.0968
.0808
.0494
.0314
2.68
-
-
1.51
1919
1.09
13.74
4.20
.0389
.0540
.0382
.0158
1.73
1.53
1 Four months.
Quinebaug River.
Chemical Examination of Water from Quinebaug River. — Aver.\ges
FOR Six Months, from June to November, inclusive.
Quinebaug River, below Southbridge.
[Parts in 100,000.]
O
6
Residue on
Ammonia.
O
Nitrogen
a
o
a
O
Evaporation.
03
<I>
ALBUMINOID.
AS —
Year.
3
o
a
o
J"
"3
o
i
Eg
s
i
a
a
ft
3
m
1
1
0)
1
£3
T3
03
1914,
.52
11.93
2.36
.3033
.0514
.0323
.0191
2.41
.0078
.0052
.47
_
1915,
.68
7.56
2.49
.1499
.0457
.0327
.0130
.82
-
-
.91
-
1916,
.54
8.12
3.32
.0867
.0367 .0266
.0101
.52
-
-
.76
-
1917,
.42
5.32
1.65
.0380
.0297 .0201
.0096
.35
-
-
.47
-
1918,
.50
7.35
2.77
.0471
.0351 .0256
.0095
.53
-
-
.64
-
1919,
.49
5.90
2.10
.0315
.0278 .0217
.0061
.32
.63
82
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Taunton Rirer.
Chemical Examination of Water from Taunton River. — Averages for
Six Months, from June to November, inclusive.
Taunton River, below Taunton.
[Parts in 100,000.]
Residue on
Ammonia.
6
.S
O
Nitrogen
a
B
3
C
o
s
O
Evaporation.
6
ALBUMINOID.
AS —
Year.
3
o
H
o
O
1
5
1
13
O
C.
1
'S
1
1914, .
.92
18.10
3.33
.0701
.0389
.0323
.0066
5.95
.0100
.0020
.88
-
1915, .
1.35
9.38
3.38
.0469
.0465
.0374
.0091
1.24
-
-
1.34
-
1916, .
1.70
9.58
3.72
.0323
.0424
.0341
.0083
1.20
-
-
1.74
-
1917, .
1.36
9.05
3.98
.0345
.0423
.0336
.0087
1.31
-
-
1.30
-
1918, .
1.25
9.43
3.73
:.0578
.0514
.0382
.0132
1.23
-
-
1.40
-
1919, .
1.76
9.25
3.80
.0260
.0404
.0341
.0063
.91
-
-
1.98
-
Ten Mile River.
Chemical Examination of Water from Ten Mile Rh^er. — Averages
for Six Months, from June to November, inclusive.
Ten Mile River, heloiv Attlehoro.
[Parts in 100,000.]
i
O
Residue on
Ammonia.
i
'%
s
o
Nitrogen
13
a
i
8
a
>.
Y.
. O
Evaporation.
i
albuminoid.
AS —
Year.
3
o
a
Ql-I
1
Q
-i
1
CO
i
1
.1
u
i
§
•a
03
1914, .
.51
15.32
3.09
.1909
.0673
.0401
.0272
1.73
.0300
.0087
.77
-
1915,1 .
.88
i 11.10
3.30
.0954
.0494
.0346
.0148
1.37
-
-
.98
3.2
1916, .
-
13.23
3.42
.0912
.0510
.0340
.0170
1.66
-
-
.91
3.0
1917,2 .
.72
10.62
3.72
.0613
.0349
.0250
.0099
1.08
-
-
.66
-
1918,3 .
.56
10.46
3.73
.0221
.0584
.0317
.0267
1.14
-
-
.80
-
1919, .
.84
10.56
3.96
.0243
.0532
.0308
.0224
.99
-
-
.91
-
' June omitted.
2 November omitted.
3 Three months.
Xo. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
83
Westfield River.
Chemical Ex.\minatiox of Water from Westfield River. — Aver.\ges
FOR Six Months, from June to November, inclusive.
Westfield River, below Westfield.
[Parts in 100,000.]
o
o
O
Ammonia. ]
6
a
'%
O
Nitrogen
1
a
o
a
a>
O
Evaporation.
ALBUMINOID.
AS —
Year.
1
1
•a
%
P
1
CO
1
1
§
1
1914, .
.15
6.50
1.72
.0255
.0255
.0161
.0094
.33
.0101
.0013
.26
-
1915,
.23
5.70
1.78
.0191
.0224
.0159
.0065
.27
-
-
.38
-
1916, .
.25
6.58
2.62
.0258
.0183
.0139
.0044
.26
-
-
.39
-
1917,
.15
6.04
2.20
.0379
.0193
.0154
.0039
.31
-
-
.28
-
1918,
.19
6.90
2.43
.0230
.0186
.0133
.0053
.32
-
-
.22
-
1919,
.26
5.40
2.10
.0135
.0175
.0153
.0022
.23
' "
.42
Examination of Sewage Disposal Works.
The average results of analyses of samples of sewage and effluent
and statistics concerning the more important sewage disposal works
in the State are presented in the following tables.
In general, the sewage delivered at most of the disposal works in
the State has been greater in quantity and considerably more dilute
than has been the case in previous years, a condition due to the
unusual rainfall.
At Clinton and Natick, in particular, the disposal works have been
overloaded during most of the year, while at Spencer a very large
quantity of sewage overflows into the river because of an inadequate,
pipe line leading from the town to the filter beds, though the latter
works are probably of adequate capacity for the disposal of all of the
sewage of the town. A similar case at Milford has been corrected
during the year by the construction of a new inverted siphon. At
Pittsfield large quantities of sewage overflow into the river at times,
and, according to the records, no sewage at all is pumped to the
disposal works on holidays, the entire flow from the city on such
days apparently being discharged directly into the Housatonic River.
At Southbridge large quantities of sewage have overflowed into the
river during the past year.
84 . STATE DEPMITMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
The sewage disposal works at Northbridge have been enlarged
during the year, and the condition of the effluent discharged into the
river from these works has been materially improved as compared
with previous years. Additional disposal works are under construction
at Brockton, with a view to relieving the surcharging of the filter
beds, which are inadequate for the quantity of sewage now dis-
charged from the city. It has been difficult, owing to the high cost
of labor, to maintain municipal works in satisfactory condition in a
number of places; nevertheless, the sewage disposal works, as a rule,
have given satisfactory results.
No. 34] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
85
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86
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
•b^BjI
3.48
5.24
7.17
2.70
15.33
20.00
1.86
3.08
6.85
3.28
2.18
4.82
2.23
2.51
CI
2 '
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.109
.448
.186
.127
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.278
.088
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.027
.124
.064
.085
.081
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.108
.135
.295
1.130
.418
.595
.467
.144
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.320
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.874
.167
.248
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.338
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CO to
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7.68
6.15
9.65
6.12
5.45
5.78
5.88
8.61
2.73
7.10
5.26
5.53
19.02
4.90
4.53
8.62
6.85
7.18
3.78
2.50
16.63
4.42
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4.35
12.20
7.89
5.47
10.80
3.27
33.51
.93
50.10
2.65
4.40
4.72
4.60
2.84
7.87
3.98
5.24
.90
.85
6.30
3.51
7.45
6.84
4.60
lOO
t^'<J(
(31 CO
•paAIOSSTQ
12.15
6.45
18.88
15.51
8.83
14.08
11.31
22.98
5.80
17.90
10.14
14.90
15.93
23.40
7.58
15.55
14.07
10.49
5.50
5.78
17.02
13.44
14.75
8.40
8.73
too
lood
•Ib;ox
15.89
10.80
31.08
23.40
14.30
24.88
14.58
56.49
6.73
68.00
12.79
19.30
20.65
28.00
10.42
23.42
18.05
15.73
6.40
6.63
23.32
16.95
22.20
15.24
13.33
t^<o
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5.40
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17.04
10.15
6.87
14.32
7.33
41.22
1.60
61.90
6.27
6.93
6.60
10.60
5.14
11.42
6.24
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1.87
10.72
6.49
11.45
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5.54
o to
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•paAJOSSTQ
31.24
22.20
43.90
39.78
25.20
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27.78
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16.83
43.20
26.46
31.00
55.69
34.60
18.36
40.. 36
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14.16
54.64
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(3C-]
CO to
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36.64
27.70
60.94
49.93
32.07
49.04
35.11
91.11
18.43
105.10
32.73
37.93
62.29
45.20
23.50
51.78
44.87
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Tanks,
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0
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Andover, ....
Attleboro, 1 .
Brockton, 2
Clinton
Concord, 3
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Leicester, i
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3
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Southbridge,' .
Spencer, 3 .
Stockbridge,'' .
•i
3 H
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
87
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STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
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89
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90
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Table No. 5. — Average Results of the Analyses of Monthly Samples of Effluent
frovi Saiid Filters.
[Parts in
100,000.1
Free
Am-
monia.
Total
Albu-
minoid
Am-
monia.
Chlor-
ine.
Nitrogen as —
City or Town. •
Ni-
trates.
Ni-
trites.
Iron.
Andover.i
1.61
.1325
7.22
.4177
.0246
.474
Attleboro,-
.57
.0460
4. 46
.7950
.0208
.016
Brockton,'
3.44
.1333
8.77
.1881
.0040
1.751
Clinton,!
1.57
.0890
5.00
.1695
.00.58
2.417
Concord, '
.07
.0135
4.08
1.0610
.0077
.012
Easthampton, '
.74
.0897
5.58
.9920
.0213
.373
Framingham.i
1.49
.1063
12.03
.8496
.0631
1.485
Franklin,'
.51
.0382
2.86
.5050
.0075
.024
Gardner (Gardner area),*
1.51
.1158
7.03
2.5700
.0202
.076
Gardner (Tempi et on area), 1
1.52
.1490
7.00
1.7302
.0278
.062
Hopedale,'
.81
.0676
4.94
3.2460
.0045
.054
Hudson,
.67
.0720
20.10
1.6447
.0452
.173
Leicester,*
.72
.0867
3.10
.0870
.0008
.230
Marion
.46
.0418
4.32
.3726
.0055
.172
M.4.RLBOROUGH,l
.44
.0478
7.08
2.9082
.0061
.039
Milford
1.13
.0816
5.91
.5266
.0093
.609
Natick,
1.75
.0904
6.94
.1482
.0038
.958
North Attleborough,3 . . . .
.03
.0114
3.00
.7193
.0013
.018
Northbridge, s
.35
.0379
2.83
.7212
.0162
.276
Norwood
.79
.0568
12.43
.4788
.0162
.394
.90
.1114
4.28
.5305
.0118
.231
Southbridge.i
1.35
.0954
5.71
.8944
.0103
.817
Spencer,'
.05
.0218
2.88
.7982
.0005
.022
Stockbridge, 5
.33
.0360
2.15
.4532
.0137
.101
West borough, 1
.40
.0636
4.31
.6177
.0268
.191
Worcester, 5
1.63
.0963
13.37
.8710
.0061
1.193
I Regular samples from two or more
' Every other month.
inderdrain
« Four
s combinec
samples.
1 in one av
erage.
2 Three
5 Sevei
samples.
1 samples.
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
91
Table No. &. — Efficiency of Sand Filters (Per Cent of Free mid Albuminoid
Ammonia removed).
[Parts in
100,000.1
Free Ammonia.
Total Albumi-
noid Ammonia.
Chlorine.
flcQ
CiTT OR Town.
1
1
<
o
>
o
1
S
o
1
m
1
"ft
a
■<
-3
>
o
e
t
a
aj
c3
&
ffl
02
"3.
ft
+3
.2-2 fe
O CO
Andover,
3.44
1.61
53
.63
.13
79
7.68
7.22
68,000
Attleboro,
2.81
0.57
80
.38
.05
87
6.15
4.46
40,000
Brockton,
7.64
3.44
55
1.07
.13
88
9.65
8.77
66,000
Clinton
3.05
1.57
49
.66
.09
86
6.12
5.00
45,000
Concord,
2.21
.07
97
.41
.01
98
5.45
4.08
109,000
Easthampton,
5.23
.74
86
.72
.09
88
5.78
5.58
270,000
Framingham,
4.34
1.49
66
1.34
.11
92 ~
8.61
12.03
50,000
Franklin,
1.02
.51
50
.13
.04
69
2,73
2.86
81,000
Gardner (Gardner area).
10.05
1.51
85
2.12
.12
94
7.10
7.03
' 82,000
J
Gardner (Templeton area).
3.12
1.52
51
.36
.15
58
5.26
7.00
Hopedale
4.99
.81
84
.54
.07
87
5.53
4.94
29,000
Hudson,
4.20
.67
84
.67
.07
90
19.02
20.10
45,000
Leicester,
4 10
.72
82
.77
.09
88
4.90
3.10
-
Marion,
1.45
.46
68
.30
.04
87
4.53
4.32
113,000
Maelborough,
4.14
.44
89
.68
.05
93
8.62
7.08
50,000
Milford
3.34
1.13
66
.54
.08
85
6.85
5.91
93,000
Natick,
2.78
1.75
37
.42
.09
79
7.18
6.94
88,000
North Attleborough, ....
.88
.03
97
.14
.01
93
3.78
3.00
104,000
Northbridge,
1.37
.35
74
.21
.04
81
2,50
2.83
86,000
Norwood
2.48
.79
68
.61
.06
90
16.63
12.43
104,000
PiTTSFIELD
2.64
.90
66
.45
.11
76
4.42
4.28
88,000
Southbridge,
3.02
1 35
55
.53
.10
81
5.80
5.71
118,000
Spencer,
3 34
.05
99
.60
.02
97
3.85
2.88
48,000
Stockbridge,
1 81
.33
82
.29
.04
86
3.10
2.15
-
West borough
2.54
.40
84
.70
.06
91
6.85
4.31
83,000
Worcester,
3.31
1.63
51
1.15
.10
91
13.51
13.37
54,000
1 See also Table No.
92
STATE DEPART:MEXT of health. [Pub. Doc.
Estimated
Rate of
Operation
with
Even Dis-
tribution
(Gallons
per Acre
per Day).
§§l§s
c o_o_o 0
OCo'tOu-'c:"
0 Tj- ^^..r 0
270,000
,50,000
81,000
82,000
29,000
45,000
- 113,000
50,000
93,000
88,000
104,000
86,000
104,000
88,000
118,000
48,000
83,000
54,000
Net Area
of
Filter Beds
(Acres).
100 omoo
to >0 0 <M !M
s s^g
0 0 CO »o 0
0000^
CO CO 0 0 lO
Sgggg
"""^
cq
0 c^] I^ CO 0
— OOOIOIM
Estimated
Average
Quantity
of Sewage
per
Connection
(Gallons
per Day).
1 5 ^' 9 1
r~. t^ lO
1 1 ocoo
1 0 1 »^ Cvl
CO ^35
CO lO .rj*
668
800
1,225
1,008
01^ 1 1 1
Kg
?«
^§
!^
w a
S a
5 «
1^
Average
for Month
of
Minimum
Flow.
151,000
145,000
864,000
314,000
794,000
70,000
479,000
68,000
369,000
644,000
577,000
616,000
437,000
463,000
3,049,000
309,000
Average
for Month
of
Maximum
Flow.
320,000
970,000
1,673,000
599,000
1,307,000
4.56,000
1,110,000
156,000
424,000
1,700,000
999,000
1,646,000
801,000
565,000
4,150,000
666,000
Average
for Year.
00000
§§s§s
0 0 r^ •* ^
0 "O-* 0 -*
CD ro o_iM 0_
co"— r «"
o>ra >oco
-HO COCO
.-H .rJH 0
00000
o_o_o_o_o_
ii:s"^'"»o CO 0
00 ^_t^ *o -^
00000
00000
0 O) 000
c^To'o'co-io"
— 0 IC 00 OD
CO 0_Tt^ "rt< GO
COrt" co"
Approxi-
mate
Number
of House
Con-
nections.
1,082
6,376
1,558
469
2,296
346
1,803
643
156
2,134
1,295
1,392
592
1,091
4,761
1,114
Approxi-
mate
Length of
Sanitary
Sewers
(Miles).
12.69
30.86
85.33
21.24
8.69
57 40
26.01
28.14
9.68
3.92
29.81
17.96
15.60
10.60
17.81
61.17
16.33
183 97'>
Popula-
tion,
Census of
1915.
c> ^ c^ — 0
IC -^ 0 0 CO
1^ ir; -.0 ^ r^
OC CO oo 'Tf CO
CO 00 (M t^ 0
CO 10 c-1 CO >o
CO t^ CO^ M
CO — . CO c-i C5
0— 'Cs OJ 0
l^ CO ^1 CO 0
— 0.-I
0 S-- >0 CO CO
(M COCO-Hio
co-Hoo:o
0 ■* iC »o C-1
CO-H CO
2
0
H
a
0
>■
H
0
Andover,
Attleboro,
Brockton, .
Clinton,
Concord,
Easthampton,
Fitchburo,
Framingham,
Franklin, .
Gardner,
Hopedale, .
Hudson,
Leicester,
Marion,
Marlborough, .
Milford,
Natick,
North Attlcborough,
Northbridge, ;
Norwood,
PiTTSFIELD,
Southbridge,
Spencer,
Westborough,
WORCE.STER,
o.'g .
p2 3 5
O i-H ■<
S B^
< fe 12:
No. 34.] DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING.
93
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g 2 c i; c
gg 2 ^ I
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02 02 ^^
Division of Water and Sewage
Laboeatoeies
H. W. Claek, Director
[95]
Eeport of Division of Water and Sewage
Laboratories.
This Division was engaged during the year in carrying on its usual
analytical and research work, this work being done under the pro-
visions of the act entitled "An Act to protect the purity of inland
waters of the State," and also of many special acts concerning the
public welfare and public health as relating to water supply, sewerage,
sewage disposal, condition of rivers, etc. In carrying out the pro-
visions of these acts, and to enable the Department to give such
advice as was requested during 1919 on questions submitted in regard
to water supply, sewage disposal, etc., 5,582 samples of water, sewage,
etc., were analyzed in the State House laboratories of this Division,
and 3,521 microscopical and special chemical examinations were made,
divided approximately as follows : —
Samples from public water supplies : —
Surface waters, 1,904
Groimd waters, 1,148
Samples from rivers, 1,014
Samples from sewage disposal works : —
Sewages, 437
Filter effluents, 657
Samples of wastes and effluents from factories, ■ . 168
Samples of sea water from various locations, 34
Miscellaneous samples (color, hardness, chlorine, etc.), .... 220
5,582
Special examinations of water for manganese, lead, etc., .... 277
Determinations of fats, alkalinit}', etc., 440
Microscopical examinations, 1,856
Determinations of dissolved oxygen, carbonic acid, etc. (field work), . 948
3,521
Many investigations were carried on during the year in regard to
approved and new methods for the treatment and purification of
water, sewage and trade wastes, and an extended investigation was
98 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
made concerning the bacterial quality of shellfish coming from different
areas along our coast. A large part of the research work of the
Division is carried out at the experiment station, although consider-
able is done in the State House laboratories. The station is also the
laboratory where all the bacterial work of the Department is done
in regard to water supplies, rivers, sewage disposal, purification of
water, sewage, etc.
At the station laboratories 5,881 samples were examined during the
year, divided as follows: —
Chemical examinations on account of investigations concerning the dis-
posal of domestic sewage and factory wastes, 1,245
Chemical examinations on account of investigations in connection with
filtration and other treatment of water supplies and swimming pools, . 632
Mechanical and chemical examinations of sand, 64
Bacterial examinations of water from public water supplies, rivers,
sewage effluents, ice, etc., 1,334
Bacterial examinations in connection with methods of purification of
sewage and water, 1,916
Bacterial examinations of shellfish, 690
5,881
The following pages contain a very brief summary of some of the
research work carried on during the year.
Investigations in Regard to the Bacterial Quality of Shell-
fish.
During the past twenty years frequent examinations have been
made by this Division of shellfish, including clams, quahaugs and
oysters, collected along our coast. During recent years questions in
regard to the bacterial pollution of soft clams have demanded the
greatest amount of attention, and it has been necessary for the
Department to define flats from which such shellfish could be safely
taken, and areas from which their taking would be dangerous to
health, and hence forbidden.
In order to gain further information along this line, a very com-
plete investigation was made during the year in regard to the bac-
terial quality of clams taken from (1) what is known to be a badly
polluted area; (2) from a slightly polluted area; and (3) from as un-
polluted an area as probably can be found on the northeastern coast
of the State, these three areas being the Joppa flats at Newburyport,
flats on the Ipswich River some distance below the town of Ipswich,
and flats at Treadwell Island Creek, so called, on the Ipswich shore.
No. 34.] WATER AND SEWAGE LABORATORIES.
99
In this investigation, besides determining the bacterial quality of
the clams from these three sources, two other main points were inves-
tigated: (1) the seasonal variation of bacteria found in the clams, and
(2) the value or availability of the scoring method, so called, as devised
by a committee of the American Public Health Association to deter-
mine the condition of shellfish. By this method five samples of clams
from each station on a flat are examined to determine whether coli
are present in .01, .1, 1 and 10 cubic centimeters of the shellwater of
each.
It is not necessary to summarize the details of this method here,
but a table is given showing the B. coli score, so called, of the clams
collected during nearly every month of the year from these areas.
Over the Newburyport flats the sewage of the city flows mingled with
the water of the Merrimack River and sea water; the flats on the
Ipswich River below Ipswich receive some pollution, although the
town of Ipswich is not sewered, while the Treadwell Island flats are,
as stated, practically unpolluted. All the stations on the Newbury-
port flats as numbered on the table were from 3,000 to 6,000 feet
below the sewer outlet, and stations Nos. 4 and 5 were the ones
farthest from the sewer and in such a direction from it that the small-
est volume of sewage undoubtedly reached them. The great difference
in the B. coli score of the unpolluted Treadwell Island clams and the
Newburyport clams is clearly indicated, and also the great seasonal
variation occurring at the Joppa flats. This scoring method is un-
doubtedly the most satisfactory way of summarizing the bacterial
results obtained from clams from different sources.
B. Coli Tests of Clams by the Scoring Method.
Newburyport.
Ipswich.
1919.
Tread-
Ipswich.
Station
Station
Station
Station
Station
well
River^
No. 1.
No. 2.
No. 3.
No. 4.
No. 5.
Island
Creek.
below
Ipswiclr.
January 27
_
_
_
_
_
5
_
February 6,
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
May 6, .
-
-
-
-
-
5
23
Mav 20, .
3,200
230
500
50
410
-
-
June 5, .
5,000
4,100
1,400
410
500
1
-
June 19, .
500
500
2,300
410
320
4
140
Julv 7, .
320
32
50
23
23
4
-
July 21, .
50
230
450
140
41
2
140
August 4,
500
500
4
4
3
1
32
August 18,
500
140
5
14
4
-
4
September 15,
230
33
410
140
50
32
500
October 14, .
500
230
320
50
50
14
500
November 14,
1,400
~
410
410
140
14
500
100
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Average Bacterial Analyses.
Water from Ipswich River just below Town of Ipswich.
Number
» of
Samples.
Bacteria per Cubic Centi-
meter.
Per Cent of Samples containing B. Coli.
20° C.
37° C.
.001 c. c.
.01 c. c.
0.1 c. c.
1 c. c.
Total.
Red.
10 c. c.
8 9,970
2,300
830
25
50
87
87
100
1,170
Water from Treadwell Island Creek.
25
Investigations in Regard to Factory Wastes.
During the year considerable work was done concerning the wastes
from various industries in the State; for example, wastes from the
Acushnet Process Company, New Bedford, engaged in reclaiming rub-
ber; from the Essex Aniline Works, South Middleton, engaged in the
manufacture of aniHne dyes; from various tanneries and glue works
in Peabody and Dan vers; from gas works, these wastes entering Col-
lins Cove, Salem; from the Springdale Finishing Company, Canton,
and from the Merrimac Chemical Company, North Woburn. Re-
ports in regard to all this work were made to the Department in order
that advice could be given concerning the treatment of these various
wastes.
Experiments with Sewage Sludge. — Dew^\tering with a Cen-
trifugal Machine.
During the year experiments were made upon removing water from
sludge by the Tolhurst centrifugal machine. This machine was of
the 12-inch type, and provided with interchangeable sludge baskets.
With the perforated basket it is necessary to use a lining of cloth
or like material, and the action is one of filtration induced by the
centrifugal action. In experiments with this basket two kinds of
cloth and filter paper were tried, but with Httle success, these linings
quickly becoming clogged. In all subsequent work a tight basket was
used and the apparatus run at a speed of 1,980 revolutions a minute.
This second basket has a lip about l\ inches wide extending from the
No. 34.
WATER AND SEWAGE LABORATORIES.
101
top towards the center, and the sludge is by centrifugal motion held
against the side of the machine, and the liquid passes up over the lip
and out of the basket. All the resulting sludge from centrifugal treat-
ment was in a condition to be readily shoveled or otherwise handled,
and had a specific gravity ranging from below^ 1.01 up to 1.04. The
percentage of water in the sludges centrifuged varied from 92.28 per
cent in sludge from an ordinary settling tank to 97.82 per cent in
activated sludge, and the percentage in the resulting sludge varied
from 61 to 81. Usually the machine retained at least 55 per cent of
the solid matter of the sludge treated, but about 45 per cent escaped
with the overflow. In all cases the overflow water could be termed
a very strong sew^age or weak sludge, and needed treatment in the
machine to collect the remaining solids. It did not seem from our
exp'eriments that the machine was particularly satisfactory.
The following table gives the results of certain experiments, and
shows the volume of sludge treated in each experiment, the per cent
of contained water, the time of centrifuging, the per cent of water
removed from the sludge and dry matter in the overflow: —
1919.
SlUDGE FROM —
Gallons
of
Sludge
used.
Per Cent
of Water
in
Sludge
used.
Time —
Minutes
centri-
fuging.
Pounds
of Wet
Sludge
re-
covered.
Per Cent
of Water
in Re-
covered
Sludge.
Per Cent
Dry
Matter
in Over-
flow.
June 30
Settling tank,
7
92.28
60
10.50
61.1
3.74
July 8
8
Activated sludge Tank No.
485.
EfiBuent from previous run, .
12
11
97.82
98.46
30
105
7.50
7 00
81.3
90 2
1.54
.74
8
Effluent from previous run, .
10
99.26
60
4.50
90.6
.29
8
EfHuent from previous run, .
9
99.71
60
1.00
90.8
.23
8
Alum precipitation.
5
97.18
60
7.50
84.3
.57
8
Effluent from previous run, .
4
99 43
60
1.50
86.4
.26
10
10
Activated sludge Tank No.
485.
Effluent from previous run, .
10
9
96 20
98.56
30
40
9.00
7.00
78.2
86.5
1.44
.30
10
Effluent from previous run, .
8
99 70
40
1.25
88.8
.14
11
Settling tank.
10
97.60
30
8.75
80.0
.45
11
Effluent from previous run, .
9
99.55
eo'
2.55
81.1
.13
29
Alum precipitation,
10
96.25
30
10 00
80.2
1.34
29
Effluent from previous run, .
9
98.66
601
5.00
84.7
.58
Oct. 23
Settling tank,
10
96.79
30
8.00
77.6
2.31
23
Effluent from previous run, .
9
97. 69
30
6.00
85.0
1.25
Nov. 3
Digestion tank,
10
95 40
30
8.50
68.0
2.05
3
Effluent from previous run, .
9
97.95
30
7.50
84.3
.36
' Run through the centrifuge twice in this time.
102
STATE DEPART]MEXT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Stabilizing Sewage Sludge by Oxidation With Nitrates from
Sewage Filter Effluents.
This investigation in regard to the treatment of sludge to destroy
its offensive properties and render its disposal at certain municipal
filtration areas free from all but slight odors was continued during
the year. The work was carried on with Tank No. 483, which is made
of Akron pipe set in concrete and divided into three compartments,
connected in series, each 4 feet deep with a capacity of about 65 gal-
lons. Sewage sludge was passed into these compartments in rotation,
and a maximum storage of three months was given. The inlets and
overflows of the tank are so arranged that the effluents applied passed
through all three compartments, entering at the bottom and leaving
about 6 inches below the surface of each.
The greater part of the effluent used came from trickling filters,
although some contact filter effluent was applied. The volume applied
daily averaged 2.29 volumes of effluent for each volume of sludge con-
taining 5 per cent of solids in the three compartments; that is, each
gallon of sludge was treated with over 200 gallons of effluent. Seventy-
nine per cent of the samples of the applied effluents were stable, and
the average suspended solids were 12.2 parts in 100,000; 38 per cent
of the samples of overflow were stable and there were 7.9 parts in
100,000 solids in suspension. The sludge after four weeks' tank treat-
ment was always inoffensive, and almost invariably remained so when
removed from the tank. During this process the sludge lost nitrogen
and organic matter, and the fats were oxidized as in the activated
sludge process.
Average analyses of the applied filter effluent, of the overflow from
the last compartment, and sludge analyses on a dry basis are shown
in the following tables: —
Effluent applied to Tank No. 483.
[Parts in 100,000.]
Ammonia.
Kjeldahl
Nitrogen.
ALBUMINOID.
Oxygen
consumed.
Free.
Total.
In Solution.
Nitrates.
Nitrites.
2.87
.54
.28
1.00
1.36 .0841
2.94
Overfl 010 from Tank No. 483.
2.92
.36
.24
.0603
2.23
Xo. 34.] WATER AND SE^YAGE LABORATORIES.
103
Sludge Analyses.
Settling tank applied to Tank No. 483
Tank No. 483: —
After four weeks, . . . .
After eight weeks, . . . .
After twelve weeks,
Purification of Sewage by Aeration. — Activated Sludge.
The activated sludge process of sewage purification which had its
inception at Lawrence in 1912 was investigated further during 1919.
Tank No. 485, put into operation on April 10, 1917, was continued in
operation throughout the year on the continuous flow plan. As stated
in previous reports it consists of three compartments, each about 75
inches deep over conical bottoms and the overflow or effluent from it
is passed to a settling tank 92 inches deep. It was so operated during
the year that the time of passage of sewage through it was theoreti-
cally 5.75 hours, and the air applied equaled 2.6 cubic feet per gallon of
sewage treated. The rate of operation followed, that is, the volume
of sewage treated, was equal to the treatment of 5,900,000 gallons a
day in a tank of equal depth and 1 acre in area.
During the first six months of the year air was applied through
the perforated, hollow, circular brass discs described in the last report,
and during the latter part of the year through alundum tubes. These
tubes gave better air distribution than any form of distributor that
so far has been tested, but have the disadvantage of being rather
easily broken. The sludge collected in the settling tank is drawn at
intervals of an hour or so into a 200-gallon iron sludge storage tank,
where it is aerated with the same proportion of air per gallon of sludge
as is used in the main activated tank, and pumped back into the first
section of this main tank three times daily.
The effluent from the plant was stable throughout the year, and
contained a small amount of nitrates; the organic matter, as shown
by albuminoid ammonia determinations, was one-fourth that of the
applied sewage, that is, there was a removal of organic matter of
75 per cent; and a slightly greater percentage of improvement was
shown by the oxygen consumed results. The entering sewage con-
tained 1,875 pounds of matters in suspension per million gallons, the
104 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
effluent from the tank 250 pounds, and 1,130 pounds per million gal-
lons were recovered from the sludge tanks, showing a loss of 495
pounds, that is, the amount of organic matter apparently oxidized to
carbon dioxide and free nitrogen. It was found that the best results
were obtained when the sludge in the activated sludge tanks amounted
to about 20 per cent of the total volume held by these tanks.
Agitation of Activated Sludge without Air.
The value of air in activated sludge work has been questioned by
some students of sewage purification, and experiments have been made
whereby sludge has been agitated in the sewage by mechanical means.
In order to investigate this point an experiment was made at the
station during the year by which sewage was treated in a revolving
cylinder. In order to test out the value of agitation merely as com-
pared with agitation of air, this cylinder was filled two-thirds full of
sewage, the right proportion of activated sludge placed in it, this
sludge being taken from a tank in good operation, and the cyhnder
so operated as to make 30 revolutions a minute. As a result of all
this work, it was found that when the oxygen of the air became ex-
hausted in the cylinder, not only was further purification prevented,
but organic matter actually went into suspension or semi-solution from
the activated sludge used, and the effluent was of poorer character
than the sewage before treatment. It was only when air was allowed
to enter the cylinder frequently that results approximating those ob-
tained in a true activated sludge tank were obtained. The experiment
was continued long enough to determine these points accurately.
Self-purification of Quiescent Sewage.
It is well known that if sewage is allowed to stand long enough it
will eventually become stable and nitrification take place, and experi-
ments upon this point were made by this Division and published in
the report of the Department for 1901.^ To study this, two outdoor
tanks, 17 feet 4 inches in diameter were used. One of them had a
concrete roof excluding light and air currents, and the other was open.
Two feet in depth of sewage were placed in the covered tank on July
29, and the same volume in the open tank on August 5. In three days
a heavy green growth, consisting mostly of Protococcus, developed in
the open tank, mosquito larvae soon appeared in large numbers, and
in a week the green growths had largely disappeared, probably being
destroyed by these larvse. A month after the experiment was started
gasolene at the rate of 300 gallons per acre was applied to the tank,
I a study of the Stability of the Effluent of Sewage Filters of Coarse Materials, pp. 371-393.
No. 34.] WATER AND SEWAGE LABORATORIES. 105
killing all the larvae in three hours. Two days later the green growth
reappeared; on September 12, seven days after the larvje were killed,
newly hatched larvje appeared, but not in such numbers as during
warmer weather, and they were not able to check the green growth
which persisted until October 1, when the tanks were emptied. No
algse grew in the covered tank, but mosquito larvae appeared in per-
haps half the numbers that were in the open tank. There was an odor
of sewage about the open tank for a day or two after filling, after
which it was practically odorless. There was always a decidedly
musty odor in the closed tank, but it was not the offensive odor of
stale sewage.
Dissolved oxygen appeared in the sewage in the open tank in about
two weeks, and fluctuated from a 2 per cent saturation to over 90 per
cent. It was a week later in appearing in the covered tank, and
fluctuated between 1 and 30 per cent of saturation. The temperature
of the sewage in the tanks was taken twice daily, — in the morning
and at noon. In the open tank the two averages were 64° F. and
67° F., respectively, with a minimum of 57° F. and a maximum of
73° F. for the whole period. In the covered tank both average tem-
peratures were 64° F., with a minimum of 60° F. and a maximum of
72° F.
The sewage in the open tank became stable in about six weeks,
although it would probably have been stable sooner except for the
decaying green growths. The sewage in the covered tank took about
a week longer to acquire stability, but became well clarified in a little
over a week. There was no measurable evaporation in the covered
tank. The rainfall during the course of the experiments was 7.70
inches. The increase in depth of sewage in the open tank was 2.2.5
inches, hence apparently 5.45 inches evaporated.
On October 6 the tanks were refilled with sewage. A heavy green
growth appeared in a day or two in the open tank and persisted until
November 12, when the tank was emptied. There were only a few
mosquito larvae, and these disappeared about November 1. Five days
after filling, the dissolved oxygen was 35.7 per cent of saturation, and
fluctuated from 6 to 75 per cent, and in about four weeks the con-
tents of the tank were stable on incubation. The average tempera-
ture of the sewage was 50° F. in the morning and 53° F. at noon, with
a maximum of 61° F. and minimum of 42° F. There was an apparent
evaporation of 2.12 inches.
There were many mosquitoes in the covered tank during the first
week or two, but they disappeared about November 1. Dissolved
oxygen did not appear until a month after filling the tank, and then
to a maximum of only 12 per cent of saturation. Stability was reached
106
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
in about six weeks, and the tank was emptied on November 17. Nitri-
fication did not occur in either tank. The average temperature of the
sewage was 53'^ F., with a maximum of 60° F. and a minimum of
43° F. In general, the results of the second period of operation of the
covered tank were much like the first. In the open tank the growth
of Protococcus was heavier during the cooler weather of the second
period, probably partly due to absence of mosquito larvae. The green
organisms liberate much oxygen which remains dissolved and aids in
the purification of sewage, but sewage laden with this growth might,
under some conditions of discharge, create offensive conditions.
Average Analyses.
Sewage applied to Open Tank {First Filling).
[Parts in 100,000.]
Ammonia.
Oxygen
consumed.
Suspended Solids.
ALBUMINOID.
Total.
Loss on
Ignition.
Free.
Total.
In
Solution.
Fixed.
4.80
.85
.22
5.20
9.1
4.1
5.0
Sewage applied to Open Tank (Second Filling).
.46
15.5
2.3
13. 2
Open Tajik, First Filling, after Fifty-six Days.
.30
.46
.38
2.0
Open Tank, Second Filling, after Thirty-seven Days.
1.20
41 .27
2.24
3.4 0.6
2.8
Sewage applied to Covered Tank (First Filling).
2.80
.64
4.25
5.1
3.00
Sewage applied to Covered Tank (Second Filling).
.60
.14
1.20
7.8
2.8
Covered Ta7ik, First Filling, after Sixty-two Days.
3.55
1.02
5.8 2.7
3.1
Covered Tank, Second Filling, after Forty-two Days.
1.35
.18 .17
0.7 0.5
0.2
No. 34.] WATER AND SE^YAGE LABORATORIES. 107
Operation of Trickling Filters.
During the year nine trickling filters receiving sewage clarified by
sedimentation were continued in operation. These filters are not only,
operated for special studies, but in order that data from such types
of filters may be always available for the use of the Department. One
of them, No. 135, has now been in operation for twenty years, longer
probably than any other trickHng filter in America. It contains 10
feet in depth of pieces of fine broken stone, all of which pass a 1-inch
screen, but are retained by a ^-inch screen, and .have an average
volume of .52 cubic centimeter. In spite of the fineness of this mate-
rial it has been necessary to dig over the filter surface to a depth of
from 3 to 8 inches only eight times in twenty years. In April, 1918,
the upper 18 inches of stone were removed, washed and replaced.
The effluent was stable 92 per cent of the time during the year.
The Depth of Filtering Material and Trickling Filter
Efficiency.
In previous reports studies have been elaborated showing the great
efficiency and economy of deep compared with shallow trickling filters.
In establishing this point, four filters, Nos. 452 to 455, inclusive, have
been operated since 1913. These filters are 4, 6, 8 and 10 feet in
depth, respectively, and are constructed of broken stone that will pass
a l|-inch screen and be retained by a f-inch screen. During the year
all four filters were operated at the same theoretical rate, 1,500,000
gallons per acre daily, and the results are presented in the following
table: —
A similar series of filters, Nos. 472 to 475, inclusive, was started in
1915. In this second series the filtering material of broken stone is of
a much larger grade than that in the first series, the average volume
of the pieces ranging from 25.2 to 29.4 cubic centimeters. These fil-
ters, with the exception of No. 474, were operated at such rates that
their effluents were of approximately the same quality. The coarse
material of these filters gives only about one-half as much surface per
foot in depth of filter as the finer material in Filters Nos. 452 to 455,
inclusive, and hence sewage passes through them in a correspondingly
shorter time, giving a lower purification at a given rate. Filter No.
474 was operated at a high rate the last nine months of the year to
furnish a poor effluent for experiments upon activated sludge treat-
ment as a finishing process.
108
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Average Analyses.
Effluents from Trickling Filters Nos. 135, 462, 453, 464, 465, 472, 473, 474 and 475.
(Parts in 100,000.]
Quantity
applied.
Gallons
per Acre.
Ammonia.
a
a
o
O
Nitrogen
-6
B
a
o
o
a
bl
6
'a
1
<
IS
6
ALBUMINOID.
AS —
o
Filter Num-
ber.
O
Eh
"o
a
11
fee
w
135, .
1,393,000
3.23
.46
.24
.82
7.2
1.76
.0913
2.76
13.0
850,000
452, .
1,368,000
3.38
.67
.35
1.20
8.0
.77
.1790
3.43
14.8
888,000
453, .
1,368,000
2.85
.51
.27
.93
8.0
1.74
.0948
2.81
11.2
584,000
454, .
1,368,000
2.75
.46
.23
.86
8.0
1.59
.0443
2.80
10.8
644,000
455, .
1,368,000
2.64
.39
.24
.77
7.9
1.85
.0457
2.84
10.5
530,000
472. .
555,700
3.14
.62
.36
1.09
8.3
1.01
.0701
2.89
15.5
1,271,000
473, .
873,000
2.84
.52
.30
.92
8.0
1.41
.0348
2.90
12.0
678,000
474, .
5,297,000
2.60
.48
.26
.93
7.7
.44
.0893
3.02
14.0
525,000
475, .
1,8.52,000
2.94
.48
.28
.99
7 9
1.52
.0583
3.00
12.9
636,000
Average Rates and Results. — Trickling Filters.
Filter Number.
Depth
(Feet).
452,
453,
454,
455,
472,
473,
474,
475,
G.^LLONS filtered PER
Acre Daily per
Foot of Filter Depth.
During
1919.
342,000
228,000
171,000
136,800
139,000
145,000
682,000
185,000
Since
Filter was
started.
95,000
115,000
151,000
Per Cent of Samples
Stable.
During
1919.
42
94
100
100
56
81
Since
Filter was
started.
No. 34.] WATER AND SEWAGE LABORATORIES.
109
Experiments upon the Recovery of Sediment from Trickling
Filter Effluents.
Much interest is attached to the sedimentation of trickling filter
effluents for improving the effluents of such filters and for recovering
material of a fertilizing value. The following table indicates the
amount of suspended matter in the sewage aj^lied to all the trickling
filters at the station and in their effluents, together with similar figures
concerning the sewage applied to activated sludge Tank No. 485, and
the sludge from this tank: —
Average Suspended Solids in Trickling Filter Effluents, in applied Seivage and
Effluent from Activated Sludge Tank No. 4So.
Suspended Solids in Effluent from •
Pounds
per Million
Gallons.
Filter No. 1.35
Filter No. 452
Filter No. 453,
Filter No. 454 . . . .
Filter No. 455,
Filter No. 472,
Filter No. 473
Filter No. 474,
Filter No. 475
Settled sewage applied to filters above, . . . . .
Sewage applied to activated sludge Tank No. 485, .
Surplus sludge removed from activated sludge Tank No. 485,
8G5
1,266
1,016
850
857
975
875
825
1,016
1,295
1,874
1,130
Intermittent Sand Filters operated with Untreated Sewage.
Filters A'^os. 1, 4 (ind 9 A.
Each of these three sand filters is ^ot of an acre in area, and at the
end of the year Filters Nos. 1 and 4 had been operated continuously
for nearly thirty-two years, while Filter No. 9A had been in operation
twenty-nine years. They are probably the oldest regularly operated
sewage filters in this country, and are kept in operation to demon-
strate the permanency of such filters when properly cared for. Regu-
lar station sewage without preliminary clarification has always been
110
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
applied to them, and for many years it has been the practice to apply
only as much sewage to each filter as can be purified without mate-
rially increasing the amount of organic matter stored within the filter.
Since 1893, a period of about twenty-six years, all of these filters have
been operated without the removal of any sand from their surfaces.
The depth of each filter and grade of sand of which each is con-
structed, the date whe^ first put into operation, the total volume of
sewage treated upon each filter since it was started, and the volume
of sewage applied daily during the year are shown in the following
table: —
Filter Number.
Depth
(Feet).
Effective
Size of
Sand (Mil-
limeter).
Date first
operated.
Actual
Volume of
Sewage ap-
plied since
start
(Gallons).
Volume of
Sewage ap-
plied daily
during 1919
(Gallons
per Acre).
No. 1,
No. 4
No. 9A
5
5
5
.48
.04
.17
Dec. 10, 1888
Dec. 19, 1887
Nov. 18. 1890
3,096,600
1,084,700
2,585,200
43,400
18,300
43,900
For a number of years the surface of Filters Nos. 1 and 9 A have
been trenched and ridged during the winter and leveled again each
spring. The surface of Filter No. 4 is arranged in circular trenches,
14 inches wide, which are filled to a depth of 12 inches with sand of
an effective size of .48 millimeters. The sewage is applied to these
trenches, grass being permitted to grow on the ridges. In the fall
and spring the surface of the filters was dug over to a depth of from
8 to 10 inches. Filters Nos. 1, 4 and 9A were raked to a depth of 1
inch on thirty-one, thirty-four and thirty-four different occasions,
respectively, and board coverings were put over the trenches on De-
cember 5 and removed on April 7.
An examination of the sand in Filters Nos. 1 and 9A is made about
the 1st of July each year, and, as has been previously stated, the
greater part of the stored organic matter is in the first foot of sand.
As has happened before, there has been a decided reduction in the
stored organic matter following an increase in the previous year.
The average analyses of the effluents from these filters are shown
in the following tables: —
No. 34.] WATER AND SEWAGE LABORATORIES.
HI
Sand Analyses.
Albuminoid Ammonia in First Foot of Sand in Filters Nos. 1 and 9 A.
[Parts in 100,000.]
Year.
1910,
1911,
1912,
1913,
1914,
1915,
1916,
1917,
1918,
1919,
Average Analyses.
Effluent from. Filter No. 1.
[Parts in 100,000.]
Temperature
(Degrees F.).
Ammoki.*..
Chlor-
ine.
Nitrogen
AS — ■
Oxygen
con-
sumed.
Alka-
linity.
Bacteria
per
Ap-
plied.
Efflu-
ent.
Free.
Total
Albumi-
noid.
Ni-
trates.
Ni-
trites.
Cubic
Cen-
timeter.
61
53
.6540
.0667
7.7
3.03
.0062
.63
—1.9
3,420
Effluent from Filter No. 4.
52
.1478
.0264
8.5 j
3.27
.0220
.44
—2.3
140
Effluent from Filter No. 9 A.
60
1.1778 .0970 8.0 3.12
.0017
64 —09 19,500
Chlorination. — Filtration.
The water supply of Beverly and Salem is taken from Wenham
Lake. During the past three years the water in this lake has been
added to materially by water taken from the Ipswich River, pumped
112
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
during that portion of the year when the flow of the river is above a
stated vohime. The river water is led through a canal to a pumping
station, where it is raised about 20 feet and thence flows by gravity
to the lake. Liquid chlorine is added to the water as it enters the
pump, and two series of samples were taken during the year to test
the efficiency of the chlorination. Some water is also collected in
Longham Reservoir, and after chlorination run to the lake by gravity.
A table showing the results of this treatment is given beyond.
On July, 1916, an experimental filter, 2^t of an acre in area, was
put into operation at the lake. This filter is of wood, concrete lined,
10 feet deep, and contains 5 feet in depth of sand of an effective size
of 0.27 millimeter, and a uniformity coefficient of 3.3. It has been
operated uniformly at a rate of 3,000,000 gallons per acre daily, and
many samples, both chemical and bacterial, of the water applied to
and of the effluent from this filter were taken during the year, the
results of which are shown in a following table: —
Average Bacterial Analyses.
Ipswich River Water before and after Treatment with Chlorine.
Before Treatment with
Chlorine.
Chlorine
added
(Parts in
1,000,000).
After Treatment with
Chlorine.
Date.
Color.
BACTERIA PER CUBIC
CENTIMETER.
Color.
b.\cteria per cubic
centimeter.
20° C.
37° C.
20° C.
37° C.
Total.
Red.
Total.
Red.
1919.
January 27,
March 6, . . ■
1.14
.94
4,600
1,700
195
45
15
.87
.60
1.07
.91
300
170
140
35
8
Longham Reservoir before and after Treatment with Chlorine.
January 27,
6,500 200 50
96 300
No. 34.] ^YATER AND SEWAGE LABORATORIES.
113
Average Bacterial Analyses.
Results of the Experimental Filter at the Salem Pumping Station.
■6
-2
Lake Water before Filtration.
Lake Water after Filtration.
B.4.CTER1A PER
PER CENT OF
BACTERIA PER
PER CENT OF
>!
CUBIC
SAMPLES CON-
CUBIC
SAMPLES CON-
1919.
03
Q
.a
e
3
CENTIMETER.
TAINING B. COLI.
CENTIMETER.
TAINING B. COLI.
20° C.
37° C.
0.1
C. C.
1
c. c.
10
c. C.
20° C.
3r C.
0.1
C. C.
1
c. c.
10
Total.
Red.
Total.
Red.
c. c.
January,
1
600
6
3
0
0
0
140
4
0
0
0
0
February,
1
200
50
0
0
0
0
10
3
0
0
0
0
March,
1
240
30
0
0
0
0
130
24
0
0
0
0
June,
2
47
5
0
0
0
0
6
2
0
0
0
0
July,
1
24
^4
0
0
0
0
23
3
1
0
0
0
August, .
1
130
50
4
0
0
0
4
4
1
0
0
0
September,
1
110
6
0
0
0
0
9
5
0
0
0
0
October, .
1
120
21
9
0
0
0
20
3
0
0
0
0
Average,
-
184
21
2
0
0
0
43
6
0
0
0
0
Lawrence City Filters.
The city of Lawrence takes its supply of water from the Merrimack
River, which is badly polluted by the entrance of sewage and mill
wastes of cities and towns above Lawrence. Since 1893, a period of
twenty-six years, the city has purified this water by sand filtration.
Two filters are operated, — the older one, constructed in 1893, is
2.2 acres in area and divided into three sections by concrete dividing
walls, and contains 4 feet in depth of sand of an effective size of
approximately 0.25 millimeter; the other, of modern construction,
entirely of concrete, covered, etc., was constructed in 1907. This
filter has an area of three-quarters of an acre, and contains about 4|
feet in depth of sand of an effective size of 0.25 millimeter.
The effluents from these filters flow into the same pump-well, and
from this they are pumped to a distributing reservoir. During 1917
the easterly section of the old filter was in part reconstructed, a con-
crete bottom and sides being built; during 1918 this reconstruction
was finished, this section being roofed over, and the remaining two
sections had all their pipe and gravel underdrains renewed and ex-
tended. A certain amount of ground water, high in iron, enters the
underdrains of these sections and mixes with the filtered water. The
114
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
concrete bottom of the easterly section was built on ground resembling
quicksand, and it would not be surprising if cracks developed in the
concrete. That this has really happened is indicated by the fact that
iron in the effluent is much higher than in the effluent of the other
covered filter.
The average volume of water pumped daily from both filters during
1919 was about 4,366,000 gallons. In December, 1918, owing to poor
results following the putting into operation of the covered section of the
old filter during cold weather, it was thought advisable to chlorinate the
water after filtration. A temporary arrangement was made of barrels
and a solution of bleach applied directly to the pump-well at the rate
of .75 part per million available chlorine. This was continued until
May 21, when a liquid chlorine apparatus was installed, which was
operated continuously the rest of the year. The average amount of
chlorine applied was 0.57 part per million. In the early spring there
was an after-growth in the reservoir of bacteria growing at 20° C,
but this is not unusual following chlorination of water, and has no
sanitary significance.
The average chemical and bacterial analyses of the effluents from
these two filters, and of samples from other points on the Lawrence
water supply system, are shown in the following tables : —
Average Chemical Analyses.
Merrimack River. — Intake of the Lawrence City Filters.
[Parts in 100,000.]
^
Appear-
Ammonia.
Nitrogen
■6
ance.
ALBUMINOID.
AS — '
03
>.
6
a
o
T)
■s
a
O
s
K
0.
S
<u
H
Eh
u
"o
O
6
a
a
Q
t.
g
>>
X
O
a
o
m
51
0.1—
.40
.0165
.0193
.0146
.43
.020
.0008
.56
.0462
0.9
0.1—
Effluent from Lawrence City Filter {Old Filter) .
0143 .0094
.49
031 .0003 : .39 .1102 1.2
Effluent from Lawrence City Filter (New Filter) .
0.1— .30
0061 .0083
44 .023 .0002
0392 1.0
No. 34.] WATER AND SEWAGE LABORATORIES.
115
Average Chemical Analyses — Concluded.
Water from the Outlet of the Distributing Reservoir.
[Parts in 100,000.)
i
Appear-
Ammonia.
Nitrogen
s
3
C
8
ance.
Albuminoid.
AS -~
«
>.
d
a
T3
03
£
-0
3
C
.2
a
0.
•e
O
6
5
O
o
s
U,
e
0.
01
6
o
H
S
O
I?
^
d
o
51
0.1—
.39
.0079
.0089
-
.47
.032
.0004
.36
.0725
1.1
Water from a Tap at Lawrence City Hall.
53 I 0.1— .40 ' .0056 .0073
.035 .0002 ! .35 .0752 11
Water from a Tap at the Lawrence Experiment Station.
55 0.1— .40 .0032 .0077
.48 .034 .0001 .36 1 .0691 11
Average Bacterial Analyses.
Merrimack River. — Intake of the Lawrence City Filters.
Bacteria per Cubic
Centimeter.
Per Cent op B.\cteria
removed.
Per Cent of S.vmples containing
B. CoLi.
37° C.
20° C.
37° C.
.001 c. c.
.01 c. c.
0.1 c. c.
1.0 c. c.
10 c
20° C.
Total.
Red.
Total.
Red.
c.
15,970
1,120
687
-
-
-
12 75
100
100
-
Effluent from the Lawrence City Filter (Old Filter) .
426
9 99.6
35 62
Effluent from the Lawrence City Filter {New Filter).
101
4 99.5 99.9
12 50
Mixed Effluents as pumped to Distributing Reservoir.
189 10
116
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [P. D. No. 34.
Average Bacterial Analyses — Concluded.
Water from the Outlet of the Distributing Reservoir.
Bacteria per Cubic
Centimeter.
Per Cent of Bacteria
removed.
Per Cent of Samples containing
B. CoLi.
20° C.
37° C.
20° C.
37° C.
.001 c. c.
.01 c. c.
0.1 c. c.
1.0 c. c.
Total.
Red.
Total.
Red.
10 c. c.
3,160
13
2
-
-
-
-
-
1
18
44
Water from a Tap at Lawrence City Hall.
9
1
-
-
-
1
5
Water from a Tap at the Lawrence Experiment Station.
1,566
27 48
Division of Food and Deugs
Hermann C. Lythgoe, S.B., Director
[117]
Keport of Division of Food and Drugs.
During the year 1919 the Food and Drug Division of the Massachu-
setts State Department of Health has been engaged in the usual rou-
tine work relative to the enforcement of the milk, food, drug, cold
storage and slaughtering laws, and in the examination of samples sub-
mitted by the police authorities. In addition to this the division has
been engaged in the manufacturing of arsphenamine.
Mr. Leslie B. Coombs, who was employed in the arsphenamine work
as assistant chemist, left the Department to go into commercial work,
and his place has not yet been filled. Dr. George L. Drury returned,
after a short leave of absence, from the United States army. Mr.
Howard D. Williams returned after one year's service in the United
States army, and Dr. James M. Kingston returned after two years'
service, a great deal of which was spent in France with the 26th
Division.
There was an increase of nearly 2,000 samples collected and exam-
ined over last year's work, and an increase of nearly 3,000 samples
over the work of the year 1917.
The prosecutions are somewhat less in number than during the pre-
vious two years, although the fines are nearly as heavy as those im-
posed last year.
The number of confiscations are slightly more than last year, but
slightly less than during the jear before.
Of the cases prosecuted, those relating to cold storage were the
largest in number, and the cases relating to milk were next in number.
Of the milk cases there were 58 convictions for the sale of watered
milk; 8 convictions for the sale of milk with a portion of the cream
removed; 17 convictions for the sale of milk of low-standard quality;
1 conviction for the sale of skimmed milk without the proper marking
on the can; and 1 conviction for the sale of milk containing dirt. Six
milk cases were discharged. Of the convicted cases, 2 were for second
offence, the balance for first offence. The 17 low-standard cases were
brought against restaurant keepers, in all of which cases skimmed milk
was served, the fault being with the restaurant and not with the per-
son supplying the milk. The complaints, however, were brought under
the low-standard law rather than under the adulteration law. Ten
120 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
cases were brought for the sale of decomposed food; 2 of the samples
were butter; 2 were fish; 1 was sausage; and 5 were eggs. One each
of the fish and egg cases was discharged. The balance of the cases
resulted in conviction. Seven convictions were obtained for violation
of the special sausage law: in 4 cases the presence of coloring matter
was the cause of the complaint, and the other 3 cases were brought
by reason of the presence of starch to an extent greater than 2 per
cent. Thirteen cases were brought, alleging adulteration of food:
3 of these were for the sale of clams containing added water; 1 for the
sale of maple sugar containing cane sugar other than maple; and 9
for the sale of adulterated olive oil. One of the olive oil cases was dis-
charged. Seven cases w^ere brought for misbranding: 1 for the sale
of improperly labeled compound coffee; 1 for the sale of strawberry
ice cream containing no strawberries; two for the sale of improperly
labeled olive oil; and 3 for the sale of stale eggs under the name
"fresh eggs." One of the egg cases was acquitted.
For violation of the false advertising law there were 3 cases: 2 relat-
ing to eggs and 1 relating to a proprietary drug. The latter case was
prosecuted by the chief of police of Palmer. An inspector of this De-
partment obtained most of the necessary evidence and testified at the
trial. There were 23 cases for the sale of adulterated drugs, all of
which were convicted; 12 of these cases were for the improper labeling
of wood alcohol or of denatured alcohol. The other 11 cases were for
the sale of drugs not conforming to the requirements of the Pharma-
copoeia. Seven convictions were obtained under the slaughtering laws:
3 for slaughtering in the absence of the inspector; 2 against inspectors
who stamped carcasses which they had not seen killed; and 2 for the
sale of unstamped meat. Of the cases involving violatioTi of the
storage laws 23 were for holding goods in storage longer than twelve
months without the consent of the State Department of Health; 67
were for the sale of cold-storage eggs without the proper label, 3 of
which cases were acquitted; 6 cases were for selling cold-storage goods
without the proper sign in the store; 1 case was for returning goods
to cold storage after they had been placed on the market for sale; and
1 case was for operating a cold-storage warehouse without a license.
With the exception of 3 cold-storage egg cases, convictions were
secured. There were 3 cases for obstruction of an inspector, all of
which were prosecuted and convicted.
The war-time prohibition law has resulted in an enormous increase
in the work submitted by police authorities. The work began on the
1st of July, when the act went into effect, and during that month
about 800 samples were submitted by the police departments. Since
No. 34.] DIVISION OF FOOD AND DRUGS. 121
the Department took over the work in 1904 only 2,200 samples ■were
examined up to June 30 of this year, and since July 1, 1,304 samples
have been examined during the present fiscal year. It is therefore very
evident that the liquor work has been excessive this year. It was as-
certained upon investigation that the privilege of free analysis was
being abused in that samples were being submitted by police depart-
ments at the request of the United States Internal Revenue Depart-
ment. This abuse has apparently ceased, though there is still a legiti-
mate increase in the number of liquor samples examined.
Jamaica ginger is the most popular of the unusual preparations
utilized by persons who are at present unable to purchase distilled
liquor, and who have no reserve supply. There have been various
decisions in these cases,, resulting mostly in conviction. One particular
case in Charlestown was in the nature of a test case, and apparently
the court was unable to convict until evidence as to the use of Jamaica
ginger was submitted. The testimony was that Jamaica ginger was
used as a medicine, as a flavoring extract and as a beverage. The
court then held that the testimony of its use as a beverage classed
it as an intoxicating liquor as defined by the statute. The court
furthermore said that he could take judicial notice of the use of ginger
as a beverage by the testimony of the intoxicated persons brought
before him, who stated that the intoxication resulted from the inges-
tion of Jamaica ginger. In a number of instances, however, the de-
fendants were found not guilty under the provisions of an act passed
some years-ago at the request of pharmacists, which act permits
grocers to sell certain specified drugs, among which is specified essence
of ginger.
There were 9,576 samples of milk collected and examined during
the year. Of these samples 2,699 were below the legal standard; 29
samples were skimmed milk properly labeled; 263 samples were milk
from which a portion of the fat had been removed, the milk being
sold as pure milk; 369 samples contained added water; and 2 samples
contained dirt. Of these samples, 8,661 were obtained from milk
dealers, restaurants or stores, and 877 from producers suspected of
adulterating the milk which they Avere selling. Fifty-seven samples
were obtained from dairies outside of Massachusetts, 8 of these sam-
ples containing added water.
The quality of the milk sold in the State is substantially the same
as that furnished during the past two years. The statistics of the
Department, however, show less variation in the composition of the
average milk, there being more samples found between 12 and 13 per
cent of solids, less samples above 13 per cent, and less samples below
122 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
11 per cent than in former years. The number of low-standard samples,
however, is on the increase, due to the increase in the number of
Holstein cows furnishing milk for the Massachusetts market. There
does not, however, seem to be any immediate necessity for lowering
of the standard, because the average quality of the milk sold is far
above our legal standard, and sufficiently high-quality milk can be
obtained to offset the low-quality milk furnished by many of the
Holstein cattle.
There were 1,382 samples of food examined, including 132 samples
of clams, 59 of which contained added water; 352 samples of eggs, of
which 227 did not conform to the statute requirements; 188 samples
of sausages, 34 of which were either colored or contained starch in
excess of 2 per cent; 274 samples of soft drinks, of which 86 con-
tained saccharine; and 75 samples of olive oil, of which 23 contained
cottonseed or some other foreign oil. The samples of cider, con-
fectionery, canned corn, evaporated milk, flavoring extract, grapes,
maple syrup, spices and vinegar were all found to be pure. The bal-
ance of the adulterated samples consisted of 8 samples of rancid butter,
representing two shipments; 1 sample of swelled canned goods; 2
samples of w-atered buttermilk; 1 sample of improperly labeled com-
pound coffee; 1 sample of improperly labeled cocoa, the information
in the last instance being referred to the United States Department of
Agriculture, resulting in a seizure; 1 sample of condensed milk without
the dilution label required by statute; 1 sample of cream below the
legal standard; 8 samples of decomposed fish; 4 samples of mis-
branded ice cream; 1 sample of maple sugar; 3 samples of oysters,
containing added water; 1 sample of pears sprayed with arsenic; 4
samples of scallops containing added water; 1 sample of decomposed
shrimp; and 3 samples of miscellaneous sugar, containing dirt and
salt. These samples of sugar were submitted by the public, and the
inspectors were unable to obtain any such samples in the stores
against which the complaints were made.
There were 262 samples of drugs examined, of which 79 were adul-
terated. One sample of bay rum contained wood alcohol; 6 samples
of camphorated oil were deficient in camphor; 43 samples of citrate
of magnesia contained magnesium sulphate, and the packages were
not properly labeled; 29 samples of denatured alcohol did not bear
the required label. The samples which were not found to be adulter-
ated consisted of magnesium carbonate, olive oil, paregoric, proprietary
medicines, spirit of nitrous ether and witch hazel.
The itinerary of the inspectors was greater this year than during the
previous two years, owing to the fact that sufficient appropriation was
available for this purpose, and more attention than usual was paid to
No. 34.] DIVISION OF FOOD AND DRUGS. 123
the outlying districts as well as to the western part of the State and
to the Cape district.
A traveling laboratory was utilized on three automobile trips, —
two in the Cape district, and one through the western part of the
State. On two different occasions the laboratory of the milk inspector
of West Springfield was utilized; on two other occasions the laboratory
of the milk inspector of North Adams was utilized, as was also the
laboratory of the milk inspector of Barnstable and the laboratory of
the Amherst Agricultural Experiment Station. The expense of these
trips is very heavy, because the chemist travels with the inspectors,
but when one considers the fact that the follow-up work is done without
the inspectors returning to Boston to submit the samples for examina-
tion, there is a great saving in time, there is a saving in additional
railway expense, and there is a great increase in efficiency. Further-
more, by utilizing an automobile it is possible to visit places which
would otherwise be almost inaccessible. It is proposed to continue
work of this nature during the coming year.
There has been unusual activity this year in cold-storage work,
particularly in relation to fish. It is a curious fact that there is more
violation of the cold-storage law in relation to fish than to all other
articles of food combined. This is due to the fact that the law per-
mits fish to be placed in storage without being labeled as to the date
of storage, whereas all other foods must be labeled. Fish can there-
fore be transferred in cold storage, and there is practically no way of
ascertaining the date of original storage, except in a few cases where
records have been kept by the owners of the fish. The Food Adminis-
tration required packages of fish to be dated with the original date
of storage, and by reason of this fact we were able to obtain a num-
ber of cases of the illegal transfer of fish in cold storage.
The total extensions may be summarized as follows: 87 requests for
extensions have been granted; 89 have not been granted; permission
was granted on 11 lots to remove goods from storage that had been
in storage more than twelve months; and 220 lots were ordered to
be removed from storage. Of the 87 extensions granted, 2 were on
broken-out eggs, 5 were on butter, 5 were on poultry, 1 was on game,
9 were on meat, 64 were on fish, and 1 was on sweetened condensed
milk. Of the 89 extensions not granted, 14 were on broken-out eggs,
8 were on butter, 9 were on poultry, 32 were on meat and 26 were on
fish. Of the 11 removals granted, 1 was on poultry, 1 was on game,
4 were on meat and 5 were on fish. Of the 220 lots ordered to be re-
moved, 15 were broken-out eggs, 5 were butter, 22 were poultry, 2
were game, 93 were meat and 83 were fish.
The work of the veterinary inspectors during the year shows that
124 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
the business of slaughtering under Massachusetts inspection is, on the
whole, carried out in a far more satisfactory manner than ever before
since this Department has been enforcing the slaughtering laws. We
have succeeded in removing most of the incompetent inspectors, and
the local boards have put in their places men who are enforcing the
laws in their proper manner. The result of this has been the closing
of many slaughterhouses, the owners of these houses stating that they
were working in slaughterhouses the inspection of which was not con-
trolled through the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. There are still
a number of slaughterhouses in this State which ought to be put out
of business, but against which we are unable to get the necessary evi-
dence.
The inspectors of the Department have found it necessary to make
64 confiscations in the cold-storage warehouses; 19 confiscations in
stores, factories, etc., and 14 confiscations in slaughterhouses, the total
weight of the confiscated articles being 250,462 J pounds.
One of the inspectors was detailed to examine the soft drink fac-
tories in this State. The Soda Water Bottlers' Association, for the
past two years, has attempted to have a law passed in this State
calling for a license system of these factories, with sanitary control by
the State Department of Health.
At a legislative hearing last year this Department was asked to sub-
mit a statement covering the sanitary condition of these factories, and
the Department was unable to do so at that time because inspections
had not been made. It was deemed advisable to have inspections made
of these establishments during the present year. One inspector was
therefore detailed upon this work during the producing season, and
visited, in all, 78 such factories. Of these establishments 11 were
reported to be in very satisfactory condition; 24 needed only a few
slight improvements to put them in a very satisfactory condition;
18 establishments were in poor condition; and 25 establishments were
in absolutely unsatisfactory condition.
In the matter of bottles, for example, it was found that many of
these places took back bottles from junk handlers, rag pickers, etc.;
they used bottles belonging to other bottlers, and, in many instances
they were not particular about cleaning these bottles. In 26 estab-
lishments mechanical cleaners were used, and in 44 establishments the
bottles were cleaned by hand. Forty-seven of these places were re-
ported to clean the bottles in an unsatisfactory manner, and only 23
places cleaned the bottles in a satisfactory manner. In 30 instances
the factories were unscreened. In 24 instances the syrups were unpro-
tected from dirt and dust. In 10 instances the syrup room was very
No. 34.] DIVISION OF FOOD AND DRUGS. • 125
dirty. In 18 instances the lavatories were unscreened, and in 12 in-
stances there were either no facilities or the facilities were inadequate
for hand cleaning. In many instances the places were full of rubbish;
the work was carried out in kitchens or cellars, as well as in very fine,
satisfactory buildings.
In one of these establishments a bottle of corrosive sublimate tablets
was found by the inspector. The owner and the employees present
were unable to account for the presence of this bottle.
By reason of the unsanitary condition found in many of these fac-
tories, it seems advisable for this State to enact the so-called uniform
sanitary food law, which is in operation in so many other States. This
law provides for the sanitary condition of all establishments where food
is manufactured, stored or distributed, and it provides that the mate-
rials used in the food shall be protected from contamination in the
process of manufacture. The act, as originally proposed, is to be
enforced by the State Department of Health, or by the Department
enforcing the State food and drug law. It seems, however, feasible in
this State that the enforcement of this act should be extended to in-
clude the local boards of health, but it also seems desirable that the
making of regulations under this act should be confined to the State
Department of Health. AYith an act of this sort on our statute books,
this Department, as well as the local boards of health, would be able
to enforce cleanliness in the various slaughterhouses, food factories,
stores, restaurants, etc., in this State. The act, providing as it does
for hearings, would give the proprietors of these establishments plenty
of opportunity to put their places in satisfactory shape before it is
necessary to take the matter into court.
During the year we have made and distributed 16,027 doses of
arsphenamine. Considerable research work has been carried out to
improve the process. Effort was expended upon methods for increas-
ing the yield of arsanilic acid, with only moderate success. Research
to improve faulty nitration resulted in information relative to puri-
fication of the intermediate product next preceding this process. Con-
siderable research upon the preparation of the oxyphenyl-arsonic acid
from phenol was carried out and was, in the main, unsatisfactory,
although one preparation was made which was satisfactory. Some of
this research work has been kept up, and it has been found possible
to prepare this compound from phenol upon a laboratory scale, and
studies are now being made to put this upon a factory scale because
of increased purity of the final product, because of greater yield of
finished product, and because of fewer steps in the process of manu-
facture.
126 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
During the latter part of the year investigations have also been
made toward the production of neoarsphenamine. We have succeeded
in making some of this body, but it is not yet sufficiently pure to be
put out.
The present facilities of the Division will be adequate for the pro-
duction of arsphenamine in sufficient quantities to supply the need of
the Department during the coming fiscal year, and, in all probability,
we will be able to furnish neoarsphenamine as well.
Cold-storage Statistics.
Sum^nanj.
Requests for extension of time granted, 87
Eggs, 2
Butter, 5
Poultry, 5
Game, 1
Meat, 9
Fish, 64
Condensed milk, 1
Requests for extension of time not granted, 89
Eggs, 14
Butter, '.8
Poultry, 9
Meat, 32
Fish, 26
Requests for permission to remove granted, 11
Poultry, 1
Game, 1
Meat, 4
Fish, 5
Articles ordered removed from storage (no requests made), .... 220
Eggs, 15
Butter, . . . 5
Poultry, 22
Game, 2
Meat, 93
Fish, 83
No. 34.]
DIVISION OF FOOD AND DRUGS.
127
Requests for Extension of Time granted on Goods in Cold Storage from Dec. 1,
1918, to Dec. 1, 1919.
[Reason for such extension being that goods were in proper condition for further storage.!
Article.
Weight
(Pounds).
Placed in
Storage.
Extension
granted to — ■
Name.
Egg whites,
4,000
Mar.
14,
1918
Aug. 15
1919
Berwick Cake Company.
Egg yolks,
17,000
Apr.
22,
1918
Aug. 15
1919
Berwick Cake Company.
Butter,
3,025
June
5,
1918
June 25
1919
British Ministry of Shipping.
Butter,
2,773
June
15,
1918
June 24
1919
British Ministry of Shipping.
Butter,
2,945
June
15,
1918
June 25
1919
British Ministry of Shipping.
Butter,
40
June
12,
1918
Oct. 1
1919
Butler, Alfred M.
Butter,
40
July
8,
1918
Sept. 8
1919
Hunneman, William C.
Broilers,
1,642
July
31,
1918
Sept. 25
1919
Eastman, Frank B.
Chickens,
95
Nov.
29,
1918
Mar. 1
1920
Mailman, Charles.
Chickens,
120
Dec.
10,
1918
Feb. 1
1920
Morgan, Fred L.
Fowl, .
300
Dec.
10,
1918
Feb. 1
1920
Morgan, Fred L.
Turkeys,
7,547
Jan.
3,
1918
Feb. 17
1919
Dorr, Arthur E., & Co., Inc.
Deer, .
160
Oct.
25,
1918
Jan. 25
1920
Freeman, B. A.
Beef, .
2,275
Nov.
20,
1918
Dec. 31
1919
Dorr, Arthur E., & Co., Inc.
Beef, .
448
May
9,
1918
Aug. 9
1919
Prendergast, William J.
Beef, .
461
May
21,
1918
Aug. 21
1919
Prendergast, William J.
Beef, .
203
Mar.
30,
1918
June 30
1919
Prendergast, William J.
Beef, .
6,850
Nov.
14,
1918
Dec. 31
1919
Dorr, Arthur E., & Co., Inc.
Beef kidneys.
1,980
May
27,
1918
July 15
1919
Hollis, N. E. & Co.
Beef rounds,
1,403
Jan.
22,
1918
Apr. 1
1919
Bay State Fishing Company.
Ox tails,
10,710
Sept.
10,
1918
Dec. 15
1919
Swift & Co.
Pork livers.
10,000
Mar.
9,
1918
May 9
1919
Dorr, Arthur E., & Co., Inc.
Halibut,
7,600
July
8,
1918
Aug. 8
1919
McKay, Robert S.
Halibut, .
4,737
Oct.
30,
1918
Dec. 31
1919
New England Fish Company.
Halibut, .
5,148
Oct.
30,
1918
Dec. 31
1919
New England Fish Company.
Halibut,
4,447
Nov.
1,
1918
Dec. 31
1919
New England Fish Company.
Halibut, .
5,168
Nov.
2,
1918
Dec. 31
1919
New England Fish Company.
Halibut, .
5,018
Nov.
8,
1918
Dec. 31
1919
New England Fish Company.
Halibut, .
2,783
Nov.
5,
1918
Dec. 5
1919
T Wharf Fish Company.
Halibut heads,'
1,200
Feb.
12,
1918
May 1
1919
New England Fish Company.
Herring, ' .
Herring,! .
7,525
8,450
May
May
7,
10
1918
1918
Nov. 1
Nov. 1
1919
1919
Atlantic & Pacific Fish Com-
pany.
Atlantic & Pacific Fish Com-
Herring,
2,520
June
22,
1918
Jan. 1
1920
pany.
At wood & Co.
Herring, i .
2,200
May
3,
1918
Aug. 1
1919
Bay State Fishing Company.
> For bait.
128
-STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Requests for Extension of Time Granted on Goods in Cold Storage from Dec. 1,
1918, to Dec. 1, i5i 5 — Continued.
Article.
Weight
(Pounds).
Placed in
Storage.
Extension
granted to — •
Name.
Herring,
Herring, '
Herring,!
Herring, 1
Herring, '
Herring,'
Herring, 1
Herring,
Herring,
Herring,
Herring,
Herring,
Herring,
Herring, i
Herring, '
Herring, i
Herring, '
Herring, >
Herring, i
Herring,
Herring,
Herring, i
Herring, 1
Herring,'
Herring,'
Mackerel,
Mackerel,
Mackerel,
Mackerel ,
Mackerel ,
Mackerel ,
Mackerel,
Mackerel ,
Mackerel ,
Mackerel ,
2,000
6,000
1,767
13,600
33,000
8,600
11,860
1,400
1,800
1,800
40,000
6,800
10,800
14,280
36,000
400
1,000
90,000
130,000
98,200
2,164
7,600
5,000
6,880
16,342
30,722
38,691
5,600
34,654
15,700
5,820
2,100
840
3,000
3,600
Feb. 28, 1918
May 8, 1918
May 13, 1918
May 16, 1918
May 22, 1918
May 29, 1918
May 30, 1918
June 6, 1918
June 7, 1918
June 10, 1918
June 10, 1918
June 12, 1918
June 26, 1918
July 12, 1918
July 12, 1918
Oct. 14, 1918
Nov. 6, 1918
May 29, 1918
May 29, 1918
May 19, 1918
Oct. 10, 1918
July 12, 1918
June 2, 1918
June 2, 1918
July 23, 1918
July 5, 1918
July 10, 1918
July 17, 1918
July 26, 1918
Aug. 21, 1918
Oct. 3, 1918
Oct. 22, 1918
June 11, 1918
June 11, 1918
June 27, 1918
June
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Sept.
Sept.
Aug.
Oct.
Oct.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Dec.
Mar.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
July
Dec.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Dec.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
July
1, 1919
1, 1919
1, 1919
1, 1919
1, 1919
1, 1919
1, 1919
1, 1919
1, 1919
1, 1919
1, 1919
1, 1919
1, 1919
1, 1920
1, 1919
14, 1919
31, 1919
29, 1919
1, 1919
1, 1920
30, 1919
12, 1919
1, 1919
1, 1919
1, 1919
5, 1919
10, 1919
17, 1919
26, 1919
31, 1919
30, 1919
31, 1919
1, 1919
1, 1919
27, 1919
Bay State Fishing Company.
Bay State Fishing Company.
Bay State Fishing Company.
Bay State Fishing Company.
Bay State Fishing Company.
Bay State Fishing Company.
Bay State Fishing Company.
Bay State Fishing Company.
Bay State Fishing Company.
Bay State Fishing Company.
Bay State Fishing Company.
Bay State Fishing Company.
Bay State Fishing Company.
Bay State Fishing Company.
Bay State Fishing Company,
Bay State Fishing Company.
Bay State Fishing Company.
Boston Fish Pier Company.
Cape Cod Cold Storage Com-'
pany.
Consolidated Weir Company.
Harding, F. E., Company.
O'Brien, R., & Co.
Rutstein, B., & Sons Com-
pany.
Rutstein, B., & Sons Com-
pany.
Rutstein, B., & Sons Com-
pany.
Boston Fish Pier Company.
Boston Fish Pier Company.
Boston Fish Pier Company.
Boston Fish Pier Company.
Boston Fish Pier Company.
Boston Fish Pier Company.
Boston Fish Pier Company.
O'Brien, R., & Co.
O'Brien, R., & Co.
O'Brien, R., & Co.
1 For bait.
No. 34.]
DIVISION OF FOOD AND DRUGS.
129
Requests for Extension of Time granted on Goods in Cold Storage from Dec. 1,
1918, to Dec. 1, 1919 — Concluded.
Article.
Weight
(Pounds).
Placed in
Storage.
Extension
granted to —
Name.
Mackerel, . . . .
1,110
July
1, 1918
Aug.
1,
1919
O'Brien, R., & Co.
Mackerel ,
2,040
July
1, 1918
Aug.
1,
1919
O'Brien, R., & Co.
Pollock,
60,000
Nov.
12, 1918
Dec.
30,
1919
Boston Fish Pier Company.
Smelts,
13,638
Jan.
16, 1918
Feb.
16,
1919
Boston Fish Pier Company.
Smelts,
800
Jan.
29, 1918
Mar.
1,
1919
Boston Fish Pier Company.
Smelts,
2,080
Jan.
29, 1918
Mar.
1,
1919
Boston Fish Pier Company.
Smelts,
8,840
Jan.
29, 1918
Mar.
1,
1919
Boston Fish Pier Company.
Smelts,
150
Feb.
2, 1918
Mar.
1,
1919
Boston Fish Pier Company.
Smelts,
1,630
Feb.
2, 1918
Mar.
1,
1919
Boston Fish Pier Company.
Smelts,
3,560
Feb.
2, 1918
Mar.
1,
1919
Boston Fish Pier Company.
Smelts,
23,560
Feb.
2, 1918
Mar.
1,
1919
Boston Fish Pier Company.
Squid, 1
1,100
Jan.
12, 1918
Apr.
12,
1919
Atlas Fish Company.
Squid,!
1,080
Nov.
22, 1917
Dec.
22,
1918
Prevoir, Frank. •
Squid, 1
650
Nov.
24, 1917
Dec.
24,
1918
Prevoir, Frank.
Sqmd,i
20,000
Mar.
5, 1918
Apr.
5,
1919
Prior & Mahoney.
Whiting,
2,200
Oct.
10, 1918
Dec.
30,
1919
Harding, F. E., Company.
Whiting,
Sweetened c
onde
ised
milk.
90,000
36,000
Nov.
Jan.
19, 1918
25, 1918
Jan.
Apr.
30,
25,
1919
1919
Martha's Vineyard Cold Stor-
age and Ice Company.
Worcester Baking Company.
> For bait.
Division of Communicable Diseases
Bernard W. C.\rey, M.D., Director
[131]
Report of Division of Communicable Diseases.
The value of the District Health Officer is becoming more and more
apparent. The concrete results of his endeavors to raise the public
health standards of the State are shown with increasing frequency.
The procedures which were formerly thought to belong to the special
investigator of communicable disease are now regularly undertaken by
the local boards of health. Carriers of typhoid and of diphtheria (with
differentiation of the virulent from the non-virulent group) and out-
breaks on milk farms are among the epidemiological investigations
which are receiving closer attention from the local investigator. This,
it is believed, is one of the direct results of the District Health Officer's
endeavors.
As a generalist in public health the District Health Officer has insti-
tuted movements which have greatly increased the efficiency of health
administration. The placing of public health nurses in the smaller
communities, the institution of health weeks with numerous lectures
to interested audiences, differential diagnosis for the physicians, to-
gether with advice to local boards of health as to their action in a
given condition or perhaps controversy, are but few of his duties.
The evidences of unrest so prevalent among all people at this time
as an aftermath of the war and disturbed economic conditions have
existed among our personnel. We have lost efficient District Health
Officers for the sole reason that they could not support themselves
and their families upon the salary paid, and we were likewise unable
to interest suitably trained physicians in our service because of the
low rate of recompense. Examinations have been advertised to fill
vacancies, with an insufficient number of qualified men appearing to
allow a choice to be made or even to complete our staff. It appears
that some financial relief must be offered if we are to retain the Dis-
trict Health Officers who are now with the Department,, or to obtain
qualified oflficers to fill vacancies as they may occur.
The nursing assistant continues to prove the wisdom of the estab-
lishment of her position. Groups of women, children and nurses have
been amenable to her suggestions that could not have been reached
134
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
in any other way. Her faithful, conscientious efforts in the follow-up
work of the tuberculous alone justify her existence, and her interest
in co-operative effort with other nursing agencies furnishes the Depart-
ment with a contact that has limitless possibilities for community
welfare.
Bacteriological Laboratory.
The number of specimens examined during the year has exceeded
that done for any previous year.
The total number of all kinds of examinations made follows: —
DiAGXOSIS.
Release.
Atypical.
Total.
Positive.
Negative.
Positive.
Negative.
Diphtheria
1,366
8,463
1,641
3,455
14,925
Tuberculosis, ....
949
2,800
3,749
Typhoid fever: — •
Widal test, ....
370
1,171
81
1,622
Culture test, ....
59
491
550
Gonorrhea,
417
3,610
4,027
Malaria,
3
88
91
Pneumonia,
497
Miscellaneous, ....
293
Total,
25,754
To overcome the delay of specimens which occurs in the mail, to
stimulate more accurate diagnosis of communicable diseases, and to
insure their earlier treatment where positive laboratory findings are
shown, it is recommended that a bacteriological laboratory in the
western section of the State, preferably at Springfield, be established.
The special studies that our bacteriologist is making on diphtheria
in its relation to the carrier in the home or school are progressing
favorably. Marked co-operation of local health and school authorities
has been shown, and it is believed that the scientific data obtained, as
well as the material benefit rendered to these children, will make this
work of real and lasting value.
The following table gives the total number of biological products
and diagnostic outfits distributed by the State Department of Health
from the bacteriological laboratory from Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30,
1919: —
No. 34.] DIVISIOxX OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. 135
Diphtheria antitoxin : —
12,000 units (for the Boston City Hospital), . 1,794 bottles.
12,000 units, 592 bottles.
6,000 units (for the Boston City Hospital), . 422 bottles.
6,000 units, 4,087 bottles.
3,000 units, 34,861 bottles.
2,000 units (for the Boston City Hospital), . 238 bottles.
1,000 units, 10,157 bottles.
Smallpox vaccine: —
Capillary tubes, 184,973
Bulk, 8,025 cubic centimeters.
Typhoid vaccine : —
Ampoules, 7,762
Bulk, 9,450 cubic centimeters.
Tj'phoid-paratyphoid vaccine: —
Ampoules, 12,050
Bulk, 44,500 cubic centimeters.
Paratyphoid vaccine : —
Ampoules, 1,381
Antimeningitis serum, 4,399 bottles.
Silver nitrate solution, . 52,108 ampoules.
Diagnostic Outfits.
Diphtheria culture outfits, 18,203
Tuberculosis sputum bottles, 5,378
Pneumonia outfits, • • 424
Widal outfits, 1,954
Typhoid culture outfits, 855
Malaria-gonorrhea outfits, . _, 2,535
Inspection of Hospitals.
Routine inspections of hospitals for the year have been made, and
the conditions found show that in the main the hospitals of our State
are being conducted in such a manner as to protect the public health.
Dispensaries.
Under chapter 131 of the General Acts of 1918 all dispensaries of
the State were inspected and recommendations made for their proper
licensing. There have been 32 licenses granted and 5 refused.
Investigation by the District Health Officers showed that in no in-
stance where the dispensary license was denied was the public health
likely to be conserved nor had public benefit resulted from the opera-
tion of the dispensary.
136 STATE DEP.\IITMEXT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Jails and Lock-ups.
The yearly inspections of jails and lock-ups were made, and in most
instances the places were found to be in fair sanitary condition.
It is a notable fact, however, that the recommendations made at
the time of the inspections are seldom carried out, and each year finds
the same insanitary conditions existing where they were present the
previous year.
Subdivision of Tuberculosis.
The work of the subdivision of tuberculosis has continued along the
same general lines as in other years.
There has been a lessened attendance at the tuberculosis dispen-
saries, due perhaps to the same factors which lessened the number of
patients at the tuberculosis sanatoria, namely, the high wages obtain-
able in our manufacturing plants, and the natural unrest which arose
from abnormal conditions.
Some means must be devised to raise the standard of follow-up work
to bring under regular medical supervision contacts and the children
who live in the homes of the tuberculous.
The regvdar tuberculosis dispensary inspection for the year shows
that in the main the records are well kept, the personnel interested,
and few patients in attendance.
An additional factor to account for the falling off of attendance at
the dispensaries may be that, because of the increased wage which the
laboring man is now receiving, there are more tuberculous attended
by private physicians. It is also believed that our people do not know
as much about our tuberculosis dispensaries as they should, and there-
fore do not utilize them. It is hoped that by greater publicity the
attendance at our clinics will increase.
The tuberculosis survey of the city of Cambridge, started July 1,
1918, which was interrupted because of the pandemic of influenza, has
been completed. The facts brought out are comparable with those of
cities of the same population and industry where insufficient financial
aid has been given to the local board of health. If the tuberculosis
activities of a given community are to be economically and efficiently
carried out, there must be a sufficient amount of financial aid available.
The control and prevention of tuberculosis in a large measure is in
the hands of the follow-up worker, for upon her ability to supervise
patients, contacts, and with sympathetic interest to reach the sus-
pected cases, lies our future.
No. 34.] DIVISION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. 137
Subdivision of Venereal Diseases.
The subdivision of venereal diseases is striving to maintain the im-
petus given to venereal disease activities by the war conditions, and,
judging by the reports of incidence of these diseases, the increased
attendance at the clinics, and the number of lapsed cases returning to
treatment, it is fair to state that this work is giving permanent results.
During the year sixteen clinics have been placed in operation
throughout the State, giving a total number of treatments of 26,087.
Of this number, however, 22,598 were received in Boston, and 3,489
in the remaining clinics of the State.
It is believed that wider advertising of our clinics will result in a
much larger attendance, and from this attendance and from the num-
ber of patients under the supervision of private physicians the success
of the venereal disease movement must be judged.
Thirty-seven lectures have been given to selected audiences; 17,963
pamphlets distributed; physicians and pharmacists circularized with
special literature; and 10,822 ampoules of arsphenamine distributed
to clinics, hospitals and physicians for the treatment of syphilis.
Changes in Personnel.
The following changes in personnel have occurred in our staff during
the year: —
January 15. Miss Katharine M. Turner appointed nursing assistant in the
Berkshire Health District.
April 1. Miss Bernice W. Billings resigned as chief of the subdivision of
tuberculosis.
April 24. Miss Bertha C. Lovell appointed as special investigator in the
subdivision of venereal diseases.
May 1. Dr. John J. Carroll resigned as chief of the subdi^dsion of venereal
diseases.
June 1. Dr. John S. Hitchcock resigned as director of the division.
June 1. Dr. Bernard W. Carey appomted as director of the division.
June 1. Dr. George H. Bigelow appomted as acting epidemiologist.
July 1. Dr. Howard A. Streeter resigned as District Health Officer of the Berk-
shire Health District and appointed as chief of the subdivision of venereal
diseases.
July 29. Dr. James A. Keenan appointed as Acting District Health Officer
of the Berkshire Health District.
August 1. Dr. Stanley H. Osborn, epidemiologist, returned from military
service.
August 26. Mr. H. C. Mosman appointed as inspector in the subdivision
of venereal diseases.
138 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
September 1. Miss Mary C. Hoisington resigned as nursing assistant of the
Southeastern Health District.
September 1. Dr. George H. Bigelow resigned as acting epidemiologist.
September 1. Mr. Charles Clark appointed as special investigator in the
subdivision of A^enereal diseases.
October 1. Dr. Russell B. Sprague resigned as District Health Officer of
the Eastern Health District.
October 1. Dr. George T. O'Donnell transferred to the Eastern Health Dis-
trict from the Connecticut Valley Health District.
November 10. Dr. Bertrand E. Roberts appointed as District Health Officer
of the Connecticut Valley Health District.
November 15. Dr. Arthur A. Brown resigned as District Health Officer of
the South Midland Health District.
November 17. Miss Katherine B. O'Connor appointed as nursmg assistant
in the Southeastern Health District.
Special Activities.
During the year certain activities have been undertaken, either to
perfect plans and procedures already in existence, or along altogether
new lines.
To increase morbidity reports by physicians, and to have these re-
ports more uniform with those of the other States, the agents or mem-
bers of local boards of health, through the co-operation of the United
States Public Health Service, are to be appointed assisting collaborating
epidemiologists, and will be privileged to use franked postal cards for
the reporting of communicable diseases to the District Health Officer
and to this office. A wider distribution of cards will be effected, with
the result that more cases will be reported.
Arrangements have been made with the Association of Hospital
Superintendents for courses of lectures upon public health topics for
the nurses in their training schools. This is a most important step,
and one which should react for a great improvement in public health
in the communities in which nurses may locate.
Lectures were given at vacation camps for boys and girls upon per-
sonal hygiene and general public health subjects.
A special campaign against diphtheria has been instituted, based
upon a statistical study of 1,000 deaths which were investigated by
the District Health Officers. As the largest single factor in the causa-
tion of these deaths appeared to be the non-realization of the necessity
of early diagnosis and treatment, our efforts have been directed toward
wider publicity for our facts, using the press, the medical journals,
lectures to women's organizations and other interested bodies. Papers
No. 34.] DIVISION OF COINIMUNICABLE DISEASES. 139
before medical societies and a special bulletin for school children have
been prepared and delivered.
At the present time a special diphtheria investigation is being car-
ried out to ascertain what may be the carrier incidence in both the
school and the preschool age groups, what percentage of these carriers
may harbor virulent organisms as shown by the virulence test, and
what percentage of children may show pathological conditions of the
naso-pharynx which might possibly account for this carrier state.
Our epidemiologist has prepared special follow-up letters to phy-
sicians urging them to use prophylactic typhoid vaccination, and to
the families telling of its value. It appears as though the more wide-
spread use of typhoid vaccine is the greatest single factor left us to
reduce the incidence of typhoid fever in this State.
Efforts have been made to have the inmates of prisons receive a
thorough examination, paying particular attention to venereal and
tubercular conditions. It is hoped that this work for the tuberculous
may be done by experts, and, through the co-operation of the Prison
Bureau, that they may be transferred to the Prison Camp at Rutland
for their proper treatment.
Arrangements were made during the year with the county commis-
sioners of Plymouth County to care for the patients whose names are
on the waiting list for the State sanatoria. It is hoped that this will
provide treatment for a large number of people who otherwise would
not have the advantage of hospital care, and who might be infecting
the inmates of their homes during this prolonged period of waiting.
A special study to determine the value of serum treatment for
influenza-pneumonia was carried out during the latter part of the
influenza outbreak. Physicians were trained in the preparation and
administration of sera obtained from convalescent influenza-pneumonia
patients at the Chelsea Naval Hospital under the direction of Dr.
Redden and Dr. Maguire. Owing to the fact that we entered this
special field of therapy at the end of the outbreak our results were
limited. It is believed, however, that the administration of convales-
cent sera of influenza given early is an efficacious agent for the treat-
ment of influenza-pneumonia. The thanks of this Department are
extended to Dr. Redden and Dr. Maguire for this splendid co-
operation.
New Rules axd Regulations affecting the Division.
March 13, 1919. An act amending chapter 286 of the General Acts of 1916, ex-
tending the time in which tuberculosis hospitals shall be built, and requiring
one hospital bed for each four deaths rather than one bed for each two deaths.
140
STATE DEPART.AIEXT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Nov. 7, 1919. The Public Health Council amended the minimum requirements
for tuberculosis dispensaries to include certain requirements for dispensary
nurses.
April 1, 1919. Regulations for the reporting of venereal diseases revised.
Recommendations.
It is especially recommended that consulting service, for tuber-
culosis in particular, be afforded to the rural communities. A traveling
clinic as suggested by Dr. Francis A. Finnegan might accomplish this,
and even furnish diagnostic aid for all of the communicable diseases
and further our special activities, such as the child conservation
movement.
Report of the Epidemiologist for the Year ending Nov. 30,
1919.
Interstate and International Reciprocal Notifications.
The United States Public Health Service form is now used for noti-
fication in cases of disease occurring in Massachusetts which originate
in other States, and in Canada, or of residents of other States who
have been in contact with disease in Massachusetts. There were 49
such notifications sent during 1919. Of this number, 4 were relative
to cases of anterior poliomyelitis, 3 were of cases of smallpox, and 42
were relative to cases of typhoid fever.
Outbreaks and Epidemics.
Since Janviary the following outbreaks have been investigated by
the District Health Officers: —
Disease.
Number of
Cases.
Scarlet fever, .
Diphtheria,
Measles, .
Whooping cough,
Typhoid fever,
Diseases on Premises of Milk Handlers.
There were 22 instances of illness reported as existing on farms pro-
ducing milk or on premises of a milk dealer. Immediate investigation
of these cases and the carrying out of prompt precautions, advised by
No. 34.] DIVISION OF COM!\IUNICABLE DISEASES.
141
local boards of health and State District Health Officers, assisted in
preventing the further spread of diseases through the medium of milk.
At the present time cases of scarlet fever, dysentery, tonsillitis,
diphtheria and typhoid fever on premises of milk handlers are re-
quired to be reported to the State Department of Public Health at
once.
The following table gives the total cases of disease for the period
covered : —
Relative Occurrence of Principal Reportable Diseases.
Disease.
Influenza, ■ , •
Measles, . . . .
Gonorrhea,
Scarlet fever, .
Diphtheria,
Tuberculosis (pulmonary
Chicken pox, .
Whooping cough,
Lobar pneumonia, .
Syphilis, . . . .
Mumps, . . . .
Ophthalmia neonatorum ,
Typhoid fever,
1918.
1919.
145,262
29,215
7,681
4,490
6,922
7,833
4,117
7,765
13,374
3,284
4,972
1,877
1,067
40,222
9,985
9,435
8,018
7,929
6,977
6,693
5,727
4,585
4,127
3,497
1,687
938
Increase.
1,754
3,528
1,007
2,576
843
Decrease.
105,040
19,2.30
2,038
1,475
190
129
Typhoid Bacilli Carriers.
There were 13 typhoid carriers located during 1919. The search
for typhoid bacilli carriers is now practically a routine procedure by
all progressive health officials in the State. A few, however, do not
yet realize the danger of the carrier, and that he is the chief factor
in causing typhoid fever in Massachusetts. Many hospitals are carry-
ing out as a routine procedure the fecal and urine examinations of
convalescent typhoid patients before discharging them. All hospitals
should do this to be sure that the patient will not return home and
infect other members of the household.
Every carrier found in 1919 had a positive Widal test. The 13 car-
riers were apparently responsible for 57 cases of typhoid fever in 1919,
2 cases in 1918, 33 cases in 1913, 2 cases in 1912, 2 cases in 1911, 2
cases in 1908 and 5 cases in 1907.
The summary of the carriers is given in the accompanying tabular
142
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
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No. 34.] DIVISION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. 147
148
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
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No. 34.] DIVISION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES. 149
Diseases on Premises of Milk Handlers.
Date.
Locality.
Disease.
Brief History of Case.
May,
May,
June,
July,
October,
October,
November,
November,
December,
December,
December,
December,
December,
Mendon ,
Milford,
Framingham,
Fall River, .
Dunstable, .
Princeton, .
Shelburne, .
Sutton,
Dracut,
Belchertown,
Springfield,
Spencer,
Gardner,
Typhoid fever.
Scarlet fever,
Smallpox,
Typhoid fever.
Typhoid fever.
Typhoid fever.
Scarlet fever,
Scarlet fever,
Scarlet fever.
Diphtheria,
Scarlet fever,
Scarlet fever,
Scarlet fever,
A milk handler on a farm became sick.
Precautions were taken and no cases
appeared on the milk route.
A daughter of a milk producer became
sick, and the sale was stopped until
proper arrangements could be made.
No cases occurred on the milk route.
The farm where the case lived was quar-
antined. Arrangements were made for
handling the milk, and no cases ap-
peared on the milk route.
There were three cases in the family of a
milk producer. No cases on the milk
route.
A case infected in the Worcester outbreak
returned to his home in Dunstable,
which was a farm producing milk. No
cases occurred on the milk route in
Dunstable.
A case appeared on a milk farm sending
milk to Worcester. There were 29 cases
on the milk route in Worcester, but later
the owner of the farm was proven a
typhoid bacilli carrier, and the child on
the farm was a \dctim rather than the
cause of the outbreak.
First case on the milk farm was a child
who contracted disease from other school
children. Four cases followed on the
farm. No cases occurred on the milk
route.
A child on a milk farm became sick and
was removed to a hospital. No cases
appeared on the milk route.
A mild case existed on a milk farm two
weeks before diagnosis was made. No
cases occurred on the milk route as far
as known.
Two children on a milk farm had the dis-
ease, but no cases occurred on the milk
route of the farm.
A son of an owner of a milk depot had the
disease. No cases followed in the city
that could be traceable to the milk sold
by the depot.
Two cases at a milk farm. The children
were isolated, and no known cases were
infected by milk from the farm.
Two children on a m.ilk farm were ill with
the disease. No cases were reported in
families on milk route of the farm.
150
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Cases and Deaths, with Case and Death Rates, for all
Reportable Diseases during 1919.
Disease.
Cases.
Deaths.
Case Rate
per 100,000
Population.
Death Rate
per 100,000
Population.
Fatality
Rate (Per
Cent).
Actinomycosis
3
0
.1
-
-
Anterior poliomyelitis, .
66
17
1.7
.4
25.8
Anthrax,
18
1
.5
.02
5.6
Chicken pox
6,693
5
168.7
.1
.1
Diphtheria
7,929
591
199.8
14.9
7.5
Dog bite (requiring anti-rabic treat-
ment) .
Dysentery,
54
23
9
1.4
.6
.2
39.1
Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis,
253
181
6.4
4.6
71.5
German measles, . . . ■
434
1
10.9
.02
.2
Leprosy,
3
1
.1
.02
33.3 .
Malaria
72
4
1.8
.1
5.6
Measles,
9,985
182
251.6
4.6
1.8
Mumps,
3,497
10
88.1
.3
.3
Ophthalmia neonatorum,'
1,687
-
42.5
-
-
Pellagra
13
15
.3
.4
115.4
Pneumonia (lobar),
4,585
2,508
115.5
63.2
54.7
1
1
.02
.02
100
Scarlet fever
5,018
130
202.0
3.3
1.6
Septic sore throat, ....
216
40
5.4
1.0
18.5
Smallpox,
40
2
1.0
.1
5.0
21
22
.5
.6
104.8
Trachoma,
72
-
1.8
-
-
Trichinosis,
3
-
.1
-
-
Tuberculosis (pulmonary).
6,977
4,204
175.8
105.9
60.2
782
693
19.7
17.5
88.6
Typhoid fever
938
103
23.6
2.6
11.0
Whooping cough, ....
5,727
319
144.3
8.0
5.6
Gonorrhea,
9,435
8
237.8
.2
.1
Syphilis
4,127
281
104.0
7.1
6.8
Influenza, . . • ■ , ■
40,222
3,052
1,013.5
76.9
7.6
111,894
12,380
2,819.6
312.0
11.1
» Includes suppurative conjunctivitis.
No. 34.] DIVISION OF COIVOIUNICABLE DISEASES.
151
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o
a
o
o
3
ft
a
o
3
No. 34.1 DIVISION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES.
153
Cases and Deaths from Diseases Dangerous to the Public
Health, 1919.
Index to Line Numbers in the Table of Cases and Deaths from Diseases Dangerous
to the Public Health, 1919.
Abington,
113
Charlemont, .
290
Gardner,
Acton, .
197
Charlton,
189
Gay Head, .
Acushnet,
163
Chatham,
225
Georgetown, .
Adams,
61
Chelmsford, .
120
Gill, .
Agawam,
117
Chelsea,
20
Gloucester,
Alford, .
355
Cheshire,
238
Goshen,
Amesbury,
90
Chester,
263
Gosnold,
Amherst,
112
Chesterfield, .
317
Grafton,
Andover,
82
Chicopee,
31
Granby,
Arlington,
44
ChUmark,
350
Granville,
Ashburnham,
205
Clarksburg, .
282
Great Barrington, .
Ashby, .
291
Clinton,
62
Greenfield,
Ashfield,
283
Cohasset,
161
Greenwich,
Ashland,
192
Colrain,
211
Groton,
Athol, .
69
Concord,
98
Groveland,
Attleboro,
41
Conway,
272
Auburn,
137
Cummington,
311
Hadley,
Avon, .
191
Halifax,
Ayer, .
173
Dalton,
Dana, .
136
309
Hamilton,
Hampden,
Hancock,
Barnstable, . . .121
Danvers,
64
Hanover,
Barre, .
139
Dartmouth, .
107
Hanson,
Becket,
286
Dedham,
65
Hardwick,
Bedford,
244
Deerfield,
1.53
Harvard,
Belchertown,
202
Dennis,
227
Harwich,
Bellingham,
196
Dighton,
175
Hatfield,
Belmont,
73
Douglas,
195
Haverhill, .
Berkley,
288
Dover, .
276
Hawley,
Heath, .
Berlin, .
300
Dracut,
129
Bemardston,
299
Dudley,
131
Hingham,
Beverlt,
34
Dunstable,
346
Hinsdale,
BiUerica,
145
Duxbury,
199
Holbrook,
Blackstone,
142
Holden,
Blandford,
321
East Bridgewater, .
138
Holland,
Bolton,
304
East Longmeadow,
193
HoUiston,
Boston,
3
Eastham,
318
HOLYOKE,
Bourne,
168
Easthampton,
68
Hopedale,
Boxborough,
343
Easton,
125
Hopkinton, .
Boxford,
307
Edgartown, .
258
Hubbardston,
Boylston,
298
Egremont,
316
Hudson,
Braintree,
72
Enfield,
305
Hull, .
Brewster,
294
Erving,
274
Huntington, .
Bridgewater,
70
Essex, .
229
Brimfield,
285
Everett,
26
Ipswich,
Brockton,
16
Brookfield,
209
Fairhaven,
93
Kingston,
Brookline,
28
Fall River,
7
Buckland,
237
Falmouth,
128
Lakeville,
Burlington,
. 295
FiTCHBUEG, .
27
Lancaster,
Florida,
328
Lanesborough, • .
Cambkidge,
. 10
Foxborough , .
143
Lawrence, .
Canton,
. 104
Framingham,
43
Lee,
Carlisle,
. 331
Franklin,
96
Leicester,
Carver,
. 228
Freetown,
. 220
Lenox, .
154
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Index to Line Numbers in the Table of Cases and Deaths from Diseases Dangerous
to the Public Health, 1,919 — Continued.
Leominster,
47
North Attlebc
rough, . 78
Scituate,
Leverett,
301
North Brookfi
eld, . .169
Seekonk,
Lexington,
110
North Readin
g, . . 242
Sharon,
Leyden,
338
NORTHAMPTO;
^, . .37
Sheffield,
Lincoln,
252
Northborough
. 217
Shelburne,
Littleton,
269
Northbridge,
77
Sherborn,
Longmeadow,
218
Northfield,
. 212
Shirley,
Lowell,
11
Norton,
. 179
Shrewsbury, .
Ludlow,
91
Norwell,
. 231
Shutesbury, .
Lunenburg, .
222
Norwood,
-. 59
Somerset,
Lynn, .
12
Somerville,
Lynnfield,
264
Oak Bluffs,
. 255
South Hadley,
Oakham,
. 325
Southampton,
Malden,
19
Orange,
. 116
Southborough,
Manchester, .
155
Orleans,
. 268
Southbridge, .
Mansfield,
106
Otis,
. 336
Southwick,
Marblehead, .
84
Oxford.
. 146
Spencer,
Marion,
241
Springfield,
Maklborough,
50
Palmer,
. 74
Sterling,
Marshfield, .
230
Pax ton.
. 324
Stockbridge, .
Mashpee,
356
Peabody,
. 39
Stoneham,
Mattapoisett,
248
Pelham,
. 323
Stoughton,
Maynard,
97
Pembroke,
. 261
Stow, .
Medfield,
141
Pepperell,
. 166
Sturbridge,
Medford,
30
Peru,
. 361
Sudbury,
Med way.
164
Petersham,
. 308
Sunderland, .
Melrose,
45
Phillipston,
. 339
Sutton,
Mendon,
287
Pittsfield,
. 23
Swampscott, .
Merrimac,
206
Plainfield,
. 340
Swansea,
Methuen,
49
Plainville,
. 251
Middleborough,
Middlefield, .
Middleton, .
Milford,
Millbury,
Millville,
80
348
247
56
114
203
Plymouth,
Plympton,
Prescott,
Princeton,
Provincetown
58
. 314
. 352
. 303
. 134
Taunton,
Templeton, .
Tewksbury, .
Tisbury,
Tolland,
MilUs, .
243
Topsfield,
Milton,
79
QuiNCY,
. 22
Townsend,
Monroe,
342
Truro, .
Monson,
122
Randolph,
. 124
Tyngsborough,
Montague,
81
Raynham,
. 215
Tyringham, .
Monterey,
344
Reading,
. 88
Montgomery,
357
Rehoboth,
. 188
Upton, .
Mount Washington,
364
Reverb,
Richmond,
. 33
. 326
Uxbridge,
Nahant,
239
Rochester,
. 271
Wakefield,
Nantucket, .
151
Rockland,
95
Wales, .
Natick,
66
Rockport,
. 130
Walpole,
Needham,
86
Rowe, .
. 337
Waltham,
New Ashford,
363
Rowley,
. 235
Ware, .
New Bedford,
8
Royalston,
. 293
Wareham,
New Braintree,
330
Russell,
. 270
Warren,
New Marlborough,
292
Rutland,
. 204
Warwick,
New Salem, .
315
Washington, .
Newbury,
232
Salem,
. 25
Watertown, .
Newburyport,
51
Salisbury,
. 224
Wayland,
Newton,
24
Sandisfield,
. 319
Webster,
Norfolk,
240
Sandwich,
. 260
Wellesley,
North Adams,
38
Saugus,
67
Wellfleet,
North Andover,
105
Savoy, .
. 322
Wendell,
No. 34.1 DIVISION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES.
loo
Index to Line Numbers in the Table of Cases and Deaths from Diseases Dangerous
to the Public Health, 1919 — Concluded.
Wenham,
West Boylston,
West Bridgewater,
West Brookfield,
West Newburj',
West Springfield,
West Stockbridge,
West Tisbury-,
Westborough,
Westfield,
Westford,
279
257
156
267
236
63
265
329
103
40
170
Westhampton
,
332
Westminster,
221
Weston,
182
Westport,
147
Westwood,
234
Weymouth,
54
Whately,
259
Whitman,
87
Wilbraham,
178
Williamsburg,
200
Williamstown
135
Wilmington, .
174
Winchendon,
108
Winchester, .
71
Windsor,
341
Winthrop,
53
WOBUBN,
48
Worcester, .
5
Worthington,
313
Wrentham, .
162
Yarmouth,
253
156
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Cases and Deaths from Diseases Dangerous
19A
61A
9
19B
92
6
Popu-
lation
Chicken
Cere-
bro-
Diph-
Ger-
man
Lobar
Pneu-
Measles,
Cities and Towxs
esti-
Pox.
spinal
theria.
Mea-
monia.
GROUPED IN Order of
mated
Menin-
sles.
POPITLATION.
as of
gitis.
July 1,
i
1919.
m -S
J3
S
.s
M
.s
^
J3
o
S
c3
m
^
1
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i
ts
<i>
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o
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s
g3
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a
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u
CS
£
§
s
§
a>
3
o
Q
U
Q
O
Q
o
Q
U
Q
O
Q
1
Massachusetts,
3,991,969
6693
5
253
181
7929
591
134
1
4585
2508
9985
182
2
Cities over 500,000.
3
Boston,
808,442
1753
-
71
55
2333
153
65
-
1597
591
2200
27
4
Cities over 150,000.
5
Worcester, ....
176,761
186
1
7
9
362
18
12
-
183
171
748
24
6
Cities, 100,000-150,000.
687,463
1092
-
38
29
1397
131
101
-
804
397
2849
88
7
Fall River, ....
129,416
173
_
10
7
220
24
13
_
144
59
1209
56
8
New Bedford,
120,438
83
_
3
7
143
22
21
-
59
44
746
15
9
Springfield,
114,792
302
-
3
3
140
25
24
-
251
90
40
2
10
Cambridge,
112,176
366
-
5
2
253
5
22
-
153
72
266
2
11
Lowell, .
109,396
53
_
8
7
268
25
3
-
101
67
171
7
12
Lynn,
101,245
115
-
9
3
373
30
18
~
. 96
65
417
6
13
Cities, 50,000-100,000.
478,432
673
2
32
u
798
77
46
-
568
303
791
8
14
Somerville, ....
94,950
138
_
4
4
205
11
6
_
109
58
98
1
15
Lawrence,
93,933
85
1
9
S
131
19
4
-
80
57
24
-
16
Brockton,
66,824
133
_
3
3
114
8
8
-
31
26
474
1
17
Holyoke,
63,413
21
-
2
2
55
11
10
-
33
41
87
3
18
Haverhill,
53,940
167
-
4
2
151
14
9
-
196
43
50
3
19
Maiden, .
52,699
56
1
6
4
75
9
6
-
45
36
29
-
20
Chelsea, .
52,663
73
-
4
4
67
5
3
~
74
42
29
1
21
Cities and Towns, 25,000-
50.000.
506,608
996
$4
13
1110
87
30
-
407
320
653
15
22
Quincy
47,433
77
_
4
2
100
5
3
-
30
30
20
-
23
Pittsfield,
45,907
100
-
4
1
13
2
2
-
40
30
4
-
24
Newton,
45,895
196
-
2
1
87
9
8
-
26
21
29
-
25
Salem,
42,292
108
-
3
2
226
18
-
-
53
24
37
-
26
Everett, .
41,282
102
-
5
3
249
19
-
-
50
31
36
1
27
Fitchburg,
41,196
32
-
2
-
52
10
1
-
53
28
26
-
28
Brookline,
38,287
230
-
1
1
41
1
5
-
48
19
127
-
29
Taunton,
37,761
12
-
-
-
38
1
4
-
21
49
250
13
30
Medford,
36,702
28
-
1
-
55
3
4
-
23
28
31
1
31
Chicopee,
34,124
8
-
-
1
67
8
1
-
11
19
42
-
32
Waltham,
32,107
71
-
1
2
60
4
-
-
19
18
34
-
33
Revere, .
31,035
-
-
-
-
108
4
-
-
4
11
-
-
34
Beverly, .
26,587
32
-
1
-
14
3
2
~
29
12
17
35
Cities and Towns, 10,000-
25,000.
597,915
1165
-
38
22
1051
67
91
-
518
305
1146
9
36
Gloucester, . . . .
24,545
13
_
1
-
49
1
-
-
17
7
5
-
37
Northampton,
23,526
25
-
-
1
36
4
2
-
22
12
12
-
38
North Adams,
22,048
33
-
1
1
6
2
-
-
15
13
2
1
39
Peabody,
21,070
17
-
1
-
26
3
-
-
10
10
20
-
40
Westfield,
20,402
31
-
1
1
139
13
-
-
41
9
4
-
41
Attleboro,
20,386
27
-
1
1
59
1
1
-
11
10
14
-
42
Watertown,
19,579
44
-
2
1
29
-
4
-
29
6
41
-
43
Framingham,
18,310
88
~
3
1
12
1
2
"
"
11
35
No. 34.] DIVISION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES.
157
to the Public Health, 1919.
38A
7
28-29
30-35
1
8
100
19C
38C
37
10
Oph-
thal-
mia
Neona-
torum.
Scarlet
Fever.
Tuber-
culosis,
Pulmo-
nary.
Tuber-
culosis,
Other
Forms.
Ty-
phoid
Fever.
Whoop-
ing
Cough .
Septic
Sore
Throat.
Mumps
Gonor-
rhea.
Syph-
Uis.
Influ-
enza.
S
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J3
i
J3
j3
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i
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U
1687
-
8018
130
6977
4204
782
693
938
103
5727
319
216
40
3497
10
9435
8
4127
281
40222
3052
1
559
-
1881
30
2184
965
235
182
106
16
1011
60
60
7
1009
-
3992
-
1774
97
8453
903
2
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126
-
281
5
314
187
19
39
43
5
199
31
1
-
67
-
458
-
307
26
1358
134
4
5
BU
-
1348
28
1417
7.54
189
155
188
28
982
59
32
7
417
3
1553
2
581
37
6419
507
6
164
_
63
4
281
142
34
27
70
4
167
11
5
1
33
1
244
-
77
12
1299
101
7
178
-
158
4
406
139
47
39
17
3
84
19
2
-
25
-
236
-
125
6
964
91
8
50
-
176
3
155
98
30
20
24
5
155
2
1
2
23
-
402
-
172
5
777
102
9
52
-
190
212
176
22
17
14
2
432
12
10
2
267
1
200
-
78
4
1371
54
10
75
-
325
6
22S
110
42
41
32
5
32
4
11
1
51
1
272
-
65
4
1020
75
11
25
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436
11
137
89
14
11
31
7
112
11
3
1
18
~
199
2
64
6
988
84
12
227
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946
18
752
467
108
81
156
19
558
35
29
3
267
2
908
2
370
12
52S5
345
13
26
_
208
2
139
82
25
13
14
1
74
4
11
_
36
1
103
_
28
2
1437
71
14
16
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195
7
146
138
22
21
77
8
47
7
-
-
46
-
134
-
99
1
540
81
15
56
-
117
-
106
46
19
15
6
1
52
-
5
1
7
-
129
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4
461
32
16
12
-
206
5
79
65
1
9
3
1
12
ID
1
1
14
-
54
1
30
3
65
21
17
36
-
36
-
127
55
16
6
21
3
312
7
8
-
12
-
360
-
116
-
1446
47
18
14
-
119
4
81
38
9
8
27
2
35
4
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90
-
51
1
7
-
701
45
19
61
-
65
-
74
43
16
9
8
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26
3
3
-
62
1
77
-
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635
48
20
83
-
1038
12
722
410
71
67
122
11
785
51
U
4
459
1
606
2
209
34
4811
291
21
3
_
141
_
78
37
5
6
12
1
37
6
1
19
_
66
_
15
1
671
25
22
6
-
47
1
79
42
9
8
13
-
223
8
-
1
119
-
65
-
16
-
46
23
23
7
-
107
-
51
19
13
7
18
2
79
-
4
_
27
1
35
1
6
1
684
27
24
9
-
233
6
61
54
6
3
3
-
177
15
-
1
15
-
51
-
17
3
238
18
25
9
-
81
-
64
19
7
3
19
3
47
4
1
1
74
-
39
-
17
-
567
12
26
-
-
26
-
66
41
9
7
5
-
2
1
1
-
3
-
64
1
34
-
314
22
27
3
-
62
-
57
18
1
7
7
-
74
-
4
_
140
-
22
-
11
1
523
16
28
7
-
35
1
79
64
6
9
4
1
32
5
1
_
3
-
120
-
44
26
314
36
29
11
-
53
_
30
29
8
7
15
-
39
7
8
_
21
_
29
_
9
-
506
32
30
8
-
44
2
66
44
1
3
3
-
2
2
-
_
-
-
26
-
6
-
59
16
31
12
-
70
2
37
21
3
5
11
2
22
1
4
1
3
-
31
-
9
2
395
32
32
2
-
96
-
27
11
1
8
1
-
1
_
_
-
-
47
-
16
-
157
22
33
6
-
43
-
27
11
3
1
4
1
51
1
-
-
35
-
11
-
9
~
337
10
34
199
-
1342
26
809
503
70
77
172
11
1100
u
45
13
589
2
873
2
309
32
5989
371
35
5
_
226
9
54
21
3
3
9
_
47
3
_
5
_
33
_
14
2
166
16
36
3
-
52
3
26
41
1
7
10
-
13
_
_
-
20
-
33
-
2
18
182
30
37
3
-
11
-
35
16
7
3
6
1
41
2
-
-
14
-
38
-
2
-
58
4
38
3
-
27
-
45
18
-
1
3
-
29
4
1
-
1
-
27
-
4
2
101
13
39
3
-
99
-
25
57
_
2
3
-
8
1
-
5
-
35
-
11
-
66
12
40
1
-
46
1
23
14
1
1
15
2
36
2
-
-
2
-
27
-
20
-
455
20
41
2
-
23
-
22
8
7
4
3
-
29
-
1
_
57
-
25
-
5
-
261
13
42
1
"
50
~
36
12
1
3
4
~
27
-
1
2
14
~
212
~
18
"
79
11
43
158
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Cases and Deaths from Diseases
Dangerous
19A
61A
Ep.
9
19B
92
6
Cities and Towns
Popu-
lation
esti-
Chicken
Pox.
Cere-
bro-
spinal
Diph-
theria.
Ger-
man
Mea-
sles.
Lobar
Pneu-
monia.
Measles.
GROUPED IN Order of
mated
Menin-
Population.
as of
gitis.
July 1,
6
1919.
tn
in
m
m
m
2
12;
•
X.
aj
J3
ai
j3
DQ
^
m*
A
en
<u
^
ce
S
03
S
■g
(U
■§
S
■g
S
a
C3
(D
c3
S
03
03
0
0)
C3
<u
S
0 P
0
Q
0
Q
0
Q
0
Q
0
Q
44
Arlington, ....
18,004
21
,3
1
30
_
_
_
7
9
6
_
45
Melrose, .
17,860
17
-
-
-
13
-
4
-
12
4
10
-
46
Gardner,
17,786
74
-
2
2
14
1
6
-
16
17
3
-
47
Leominster,
17,701
76
-
3
4
9
1
4
-
35
22
435
3
48
Woburn,
17,.336
13
-
1
-
17
3
1
-
16
14
2
-
49
Methuen,
16,161
16
-
1
-
24
2
1
-
18
10
2
-
50
Marlborough, .
15,814
78
-
-
-
21
1
10
-
4
3
16
-
51
Newburyport,
15,614
83
-
3
1
17
3
17
-
25
10
17
-
52
South bridge, .
15,580
5
-
1
-
8
-
1
-
4
6
19
-
53
Winthrop,
14,968
100
-
2
1
14
1
12
-
20
9
10
-
54
Weymouth,
14,874
1
-
2
1
33
1
-
-
22
10
4
-
55
Greenfield,
14,466
13
-
1
-
59
1
9
-
12
7
14
-
56
Milford. .
14,214
15
-
-
1
39
-
1
-
7
12
5
-
57
Wakefield,
13,939
12
-
1
1
18
-
-
-
19
8
1
-
58
Plymouth,
13,587
14
-
-
-
14
1
-
-
1
7
15
-
59
Norwood,
13,472
27
-
~
-
15
-
4
-
15
8
5
1
60
Webster,
13,453
21
-
1
1
26
4
-
-
11
2
40
-
61
Adams, .
13,378
5
-.
-
28
2
-
-
8
6
1
-
62
Clinton, .
13,289
10
1
1
2
12
3
1
-
22
9
4
1
63
West Springfield,
13,119
12
-
-
-
15
2
-
-
5
4
-
-
64
Danvers,
12,663
45
-
-
-
40
-
-
-
6
11
141
-
65
Dedham,
12,524
16
-
1
-
47
1
-
-
5
2
151
1
66
Natick, .
12,175
42
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
11
5
5
-
67
Saugus, .
12,061
21
-
-
-
52
2
2
-
5
4
53
1
68
Easthampton,
10,956
11
-
-
-
23
2
-
-
9
1
1
-
69
Athol, .
10,831
5
-
-
-
14
2
-
-
7
5
21
1
70
Bridgewater, .
10,807
10
-
-
-
35
-
4
-
2
3
20
-
71
Winchester,
10,590
48
-
-
-
5
-
1
-
11
4
-
-
72
Braintree,
10,417
14
1
4
1
12
1
2
-
9
5
5
-
73
Belmont,
10,219
58
-
1
-
7
-
2
-
13
6
7
-
74
Palmer, .
10,191
4
-
-
~
26
8
~
~
6
4
"
"
75
Towns, 5,000-10,000.
342,000
499
-
17
11
433
B3
50
1
235
190
632
1
76
Ware,
9,808
6
_
1
1
3
-
-
-
-
2
4
-
77
Northbridge, .
9,629
4
-
-
-
4
1
-
-
2
5
21
-
78
North Attleboroug'
1,
9,.536
8
-
-
-
29
-
1
-
17
5
5
-
79
Milton,
9,168
55
-
-
-
3
-
1
-
2
3
48
-
80
Middleborough,
8,981
7
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
7
7
19
-
81
Montague,
8,814
4
-
-
1
10
1
4
-
3
4
1
-
82
Andover,
8,547
21
-
-
-
24
2
-
-
9
5
-
-
83
Swampsoott, .
8.305
5
-
-
-
6
-
1
-
5
4
48
-
84
Marblehead, .
7,833
1
-
1
-
2
-
-
-
1
2
3
-
85
Stoneham,
7,825
7
-
-
-
14
1
-
-
11
7
1
-
86
Needham,
7,817
19
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
10
3
1
-
87
Whitman,
7,713
18
-
1
1
7
-
8
-
12
2
11
-
88
Reading,
7,635
1
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
2
2
-
-
89
Stoughton,
7,542
2
-
-
-
12
-
-
-
-
10
2
-
90
Amesbury,
7,407
-
-
1
1
7
1
1
-
16
10
-
-
91
Ludlow, .
7,349
20
-
-
1
3
2
-
-
7
3
1
-
92
Wellesley,
7,302
55
-
-
-
24
-
12
-
14
3
4
-
93
Fairhaven,
7,249
2
-
-
-
10
2
1
-
1
3
50
-
94
Great Barrington,
7,216
4
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
6
7
6
-
95
Rockland,
7,196
4
-
2
2
9
-
5
-
2
1
32
-
96
Franklin,
7,113
12
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
8
2
112
-
97
Maynard,
7,090
-
-
1
1
4
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
98
Concord,
6,900
36
-
-
-
35
-
3
-
6
14
3
-
99
Hudson,
6,771
4
-
5
2
4
-
-
-
1
7
-
-
100
Ipswich, .
6,689
5
-
1
-
10
-
-
-
1
1
2
-
101
Grafton,
6,688
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
6
7
8
-
102
Tewksbury,
6,540
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
103
Wesi borough, .
6,329
11
~
"
"
4
2
7
11
7
No. 34.] DIVISION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES.
159
to the Public Health, 1919 — Continued.
38A
7
28-29
30-35
1
8
100
19C
38C
37
10
Oph-
thal-
mia
Neona-
torum.
Scarlet
Fever.
Tuber-
culosis,
Pulmo-
nary.
Tuber-
culosis,
Other
Forms.
Ty-
phoid
Fever.
Whoop-
ing
Cough.
Septic
Sore
Throat.
Mumps
Gonor-
rhea.
1
Syph-
ilis.
Influ-
enza.
6
6
.3
1
6
1
Q
(0
0
J3
03
0)
Q
1
6
i
t
Q
1
0
5
6
P
1
0
Q
0
1
Q
(a
6
1
Q
1
_C3
d
0
3
1
40
26
10
2
2
6
_
45
4
5
T
39
1
10
_
4
1
243
7
44
17
-
47
1
12
8
1
1
2
-
64
-
1
-
4
-
18
-
7
-
307
13
45
2
-
13
1
51
20
1
2
13
-
7
-
-
-
58
-
21
-
4
1
136
9
46
5
-
56
-
39
10
3
3
8
3
91
3
1
-
9
-
36
2
2
-
368
10
47
1
-
11
-
25
14
2
1
8
-
58
2
1
-
34
-
23
-
3
-
180
16
48
3
-
26
-
22
14
2
1
2
-
12
-
-
-
21
-
9
-
1
-
115
7
49
1
-
7
-
32
10
-
1
7
1
37
-
-
-
5
-
8
-
-
-
lis
12
50
2
-
5
2
11
8
2
4
12
1
30
3
29
8
4
1
19
-
2
1
112
3
51
-
-
4
-
15
5
1
1
12
-
8
-
-
-
8
-
32
-
7
-
58
5
52
i
-
55
1
18
7
2
2
2
-
36
-
-
-
59
-
15
-
3
1
155
7
53
-
-
25
_
17
10
2
-
2
-
4
1
-
-
-
-
12
-
8
-
111
7
54
9
-
24
-
12
6
4
2
3
-
105
3
-
-
30
-
12
-
9
1
153
11
55
1
-
69
1
16
21
7
6
3
-
2
-
-
1
38
-
13
-
3
1
89
14
56
-
-
46
2
13
8
1
4
-
16
1
-
1
10
-
3
-
-
-
63
7
57
2
-
6
-
14
9
1
1
3
-
-
-
-
-
11
-
10
-
4
1
57
7
58
3
-
39
_
19
10
3
1
1
7
-
-
-
-
-
13
-
6
-
149
72
59
8
-
2
-
12
13
3
3
3
-
4
-
-
-
1
-
17
-
6
-
71
5
60
5
-
1
1
26
10
_
10
1
19
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
2
1
39
4
61
2
-
24
-
18
15
4
4
2
-
10
3
-
-
1
-
22
-
5
-
203
15
62
-
-
26
1
7
5
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
17
-
9
-
12
7
63
2
-
22
-
15
22
3
4
_
-
60
5
-
-
5
-
17
-
43
1
105
3
64
2
-
15
-
9
3
-
-
1
-
54
-
1
-
8
-
14
-
16
-
39
1
65
-
-
11
-
15
3
1
1
6
-
_
-
3
1
7
-
17
-
7
-
301
10
66
2
-
47
-
11
8
-
1
3
-
22
2
1
-
4
-
6
-
5
1
527
9
67
-
-
54
3
13
3
-
-
-
2
2
-
-
-
-
4
-
1
-
45
3
68
-
-
8
-
5
8
-
-
2
-
1
1
-
-
2
-
17
-
2
-
194
7
69
1
-
53
-
25
21
4
1
3
-
7
-
_
-
2
-
14
-
10
-
67
4
70
5
-
13
-
10
5
2
-
1
1
15
1
-
-
10
-
10
-
1
-
252
16
71
-
-
22
-
14
18
1
2
2
-
39
-
-
-
1
-
14
-
2
-
171
7
72
-
-
24
-
18
8
1
_
2
-
115
1
-
-
96
-
8
-
4
-
169
3
73
-
-
13
-
3
4
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
5
~
7
-
12
11
74
39
-
545
4
347
230
46
39
67
5
430
19
8
-
256
2
366
-
116
13
3370
228
75
_
-
9
-
2
7
_
2
_
_
_
_
_
_
11
-
9
_
4
-
6
2
76
2
-
6
-
20
9
-
1
2
-
13
2
-
-
1
-
13
-
2
-
5
10
77
1
-
3
-
9
6
2
3
2
-
18
4
-
-
1
-
30
-
5
-
256
10
78
1
-
12
-
10
4
1
_
2
1
2
-
-
-
4
-
4
-
2
-
152
4
79
-
-
5
-
17
7
-
1
2
-
23
1
-
-
5
-
10
-
-
-
7
2
80
3
-
31
-
10
8
-
_
3
-
_
-
-
3
-
1
-
-
-
20
2
81
-
-
9
-
3
2
1
1
-
-
5
-
-
-
29
-
8
-
1
-
117
7
82
1
-
21
-
2
2
1
1
3
-
13
-
-
-
2
-
4
-
4
-
30
3
83
-
-
26
-
6
8
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
3
-
16
2
84
2
-
4
-
8
4
-
-
1
1
34
1
-
-
1
-
9
-
4
-
131
9
85
-
-
9
-
8
3
2
1
1
-
2
-
-
-
4
-
5
-
2
-
99
7
86
-
-
20
-
9
2
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
3
-
9
-
-
-
41
9
87
-
-
5
-
3
7
-
_
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
12
2
88
1
-
7
-
1
4
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
2
-
2
4
89
2
-
2
-
12
10
_
1
1
-
24
1
-
-
1
-
36
-
3
-
132
9
90
4
-
4
-
6
1
2
3
-
-
28
1
-
-
63
-
2
-
-
-
73
2
91
1
-
11
-
7
2
-
1
4
1
8
-
1
-
29
-
8
-
2
-
120
4
92
-
-
-
-
12
3
-
2
-
-
3
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
39
4
93
-
-
10
-
8
1
3
2
2
1
27
-
-
-
1
-
12
-
3
-
-
3
94
-
-
22
-
5
7
1
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
1
-
69
3
95
-
-
15
-
2
3
2
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
3
1
14
4
96
1
-
-
-
4
3
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
39
10
97
-
-
17
-
10
2
-
-
1
-
65
-
-
-
1
-
26
-
8
-
369
11
98
1
-
2
-
14
4
3
1
2
-
28
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
1
-
2
6
99
1
-
37
-
8
4
1
1
-
-
5
-
-
-
1
2
2
-
1
-
6
4
100
-
-
16
-
33
29
-
-
1
-
6
-
-
-
1
-
3
-
-
1
43
6
101
-
-
3
-
1
4
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
102
_;_
"
8
~
11
10
""
1
1
1
11
~
~
~
9
~
11
~
32
9
100
3
103
160
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Cases and Deaths from D
iseases
Dangerous
19A
61A
Ep.
9
19B
92
6
Popu-
lation
Chicken
Cere-
bro-
Diph-
Ger-
man
Lobar
Pneu-
Measles.
Cities and Towns
GROUPED IN Order op
esti-
mated
Pox.
spinal
Menin-
gitis.
theria.
Mea-
sles.
monia-
Population.
as of
1
,
July 1, -
o
1919.
2
xi
5
S.
m
S,
oj
i
o
1 ^
p
cS
o
s
o
C3
o
s
M
1
c
6 S
Q
a
P
6
0)
Q
6
104
Canton,
6,318
15
_
_
_
4
-
6
1
-
4
1
-
105
North Andover,
6,314
-
-
1
-
2
1
-
~
5
6
~
~
103
Mansfield,
6,268
17
-
-
-
1
-
1
-
4
2
8
17
48
~
107
Dartmouth, .
6,130
3
-
-
-
1
-
-
""
7
"
~
108
Winchendon, .
6,102
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
1
~
109
Wareham,
6,081
8
-
-
-
4
-
-
""
7
2
51
~
110
Lexington,
6,060
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
10
3
3
~
111
Walpole, .
5,995
23
-
-
-
7
-
-
~
10
1
1
~
112
Amherst,
5,933
89
-
-
-
4
-
1
~
8
~
6
49
113
Abington,
5,806
3
-
-
-
13
-
-
-
~
3
~
114
Millbury,
5,762
4
-
-
-
3
-
-
~
1
4
~
115
Hingham,
5,516
4
-
1
-
1
1
-
-
6
3
2
5
~
116
Orange, .
5,4.59
-
-
1
-
28
2
-
~
~
~
117
Agawam,
5,443
-
-
-
-
11
-
-
-
1
4
1
5
~
~
118
South Hadley,
5,419
1
-
-
-
9
-
-
~
1
~
~
119
Spencer,
5,367
1
-
-
-
50
4
~
■"
~
5
6
12
120
Chelmsford,
5,326
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
""
1
1
3
5
5
2
1
~
121
Barnstable,
5,264
5
-
-
-
8
-
3
~
6
1
122
Monson, .
5,210
-
-
-
-
4
-
~
"*
1
123
Uxbridge,
5,131
1
-
-
-
8
2
-
~
7
~
124
Randolph,
5,100
-
-
-
-
3
-
"■
~
~
31
125
Easton, .
5,001
5
~
~
"
15
1
2
126
Towns, 2,500-5,000.
1S8,S65
139
-
s
6
230
16
H
-
93
92
395
6
127
Lee,
4,783
2
-
-
-
5
2
-
-
-
-
1
3
17
1
128
Falmouth,
4,.569
2
-
1
-
1
~
~
~
""
~
129
Dracut, .
4,494
-
-
-
-
15
-
~
""
~
1
1
4
130
Rockport,
4,474
2
-
-
-
5
-
-
""
2
~
131
Dudley, .
4,462
1
-
-
-
10
1
-
~
5
44
4
132
Templeton,
4,3.55
4
-
-
-
5
1
""
"
15
4
133
Warren, .
4,335
—
—
—
1
6
"
~
~
~
134
Provincetown,
4,232
4
-
2
1
-
-
1
-
1
1
10
1
~
~
135
Williamstown,
4,212
-
-
-
-
-
~
~
~
~
136
Dal ton, .
4,102
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
~
~
22
1
137
Auburn, .
4,005
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
~
2
1
138
East Bridgewater,
3,963
-
-
-
-
2
1
~
~
8
3
139
Barre,
3,913
2
-
-
-
4
-
-
~
1
~
140
Somerset,
3,865
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
2
4
4
4
31
0
"
141
Medfield,
3,800
3
-
-
-
2
~
~
"
""
Ji
142
Blackstone,
3,700
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
~
"
9
143
Foxborough, .
3,663
1
-
-
-
23
-
1
~
2
~
144
Hardwick,
3,655
-
-
-
-
14
2
~
~
~
1
6
17
145
Billerica,
3,629
4
-
1
1
21
1
-
-
1
~
146
Oxford, .
3,573
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
■"
~
1
1
147
Westport,
3,543
3
-
-
-
5
1
2
-
~
2
2
1
3
66
148
Shrewsbury, .
3,. 509
1
-
-
-
1
~
~
~
5
2
149
Leicester,
3,394
-
-
-
-
-
~
~
~
~
150
Lenox,
3,394
6
-
-
-
1
~
-
~
1
11
151
Nantucket,
3,338
1
-
-
-
-
-
2
"
1
152
Hadley, .
3,226
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
~
4
2
~
153
Deerfield,
3,185
-
-
-
-
9
~
1
~
~
~
154
Hatfield,
3,173
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
~
1
2
3
~
155
Manchester,
3,173
8
-
1
-
1
~
~
~
~
1
156
West Bridgewater,
3,170
-
-
-
-
~
~
~
~
~
2
157
Seekonk,
3,079
-
-
-
-
3
~
~
~
~
1
6
158
Holbrook,
3,0.58
-•
-
-
1
3
-
-
~
~
2
1
159
Swansea ,
3,043
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
6
2
160
Hopedale,
3,(145
1
-
-
-
6
-
-
~
1
1
161
Cohasset,
2,981
3
-
1
-
1
~
~
~
1
1
1
~
1
162
Wrentham,
2,978
29
-
1
1
4
-
-
~
10
1
0
163
Acushnet,
2,972
7
2
z
No. 34.1 DIVISION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES.
161
to the Public Health, 1919 — Continued.
38A
7
28-29
30-35
1
8
100
19C
38C
37
10
Oph-
thal-
mia
Neona-
torum.
Scarlet
Fever.
Tuber-
culosis,
Pulmo-
nary.
Tuber-
culosis,
Other
Forms.
Ty-
phoid
Fever.
Whoop-
ing
Cough.
Septic
Sore
Throat.
Mumps
Gonor-
rhea.
Syph-
ihs.
Influ-
enza.
0
f^
n
J3
m
M
m
J3
ro
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m
J3
m
j3
m
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m
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m
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o
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o
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o
Q
03
o
Q
a
Q
3
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p
2
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3
2
_
2
_
_
_
15
_
1
_
1
_
4
3
104
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1Q
1
fi
3
?,
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
3
-
-
-
44
1
105
_
_
41
7
2
1
1
-
-
23
-
-
-
4
-
20
-
6
-
105
4
106
4
_
S
1
7
8
-
1
-
2
2
3
-
1
-
2
-
-
-
81
10
107
_
q
9
4
_
2
fi
-
-
-
-
-
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-
3
-
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1
273
15
108
2
_
_
7
5
_
1
9.
-
9
-
1
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
40
1
109
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3
_
fi
3
_
1
-
31
1
-
-
7
-
4
-
-
-
151
5
110
_
13
_
fi
_
_
a
-
24
-
3
-
24
-
13
-
1
-
170
2
111
9
_
fi
_
4
1
1
-
1
-
2
-
-
-
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-
7
-
2
-
158
1
112
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_
1
2
-
3
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
1
-
-
3
113
_
11
_
?
3
_
_
1
-
-
-
-
-
11
-
8
-
-
-
1
5
114
_
_
4
_
5
1
_
-
-
-
8
1
-
-
1
-
6
-
5
-
109
5
115
_
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_
1
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-
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-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
110
_
._
?
_
3
3
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
117
_
_
3'?
?,
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
1
-
IV
1
118
_
_
q
?
5
_
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
4
-
-
-
119
_
7
_
1
6
_
1
_
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
120
_
_
1"^
_
S
2
_
_
-
-
5
-
-
-
V
-
18
-
2
1
146
6
121
_
_
fi
_
15
10
_
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
7
-
8
1
122
_
_
fi
_
3
.■>
-
-
2
-
-
1
-
-
3
-
3
-
1
-
08
4
123
_
_
1
_
?,
6
_
1
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
124
-
-
4
-
2
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
3
~
-
-
84
2
125
S
-
337
s
188
148
17
20
33
3
238
11
5
-
171
-
179
-
133
6
2412
119
126
_
in
_
?
1
?.
2
_
_
4
-
-
_
-
_
3
-
2
-
-
2
127
_
_
8
_
1
3
-
-
-
18
-
-
-
h
-
4
-
2
-
92
5
128
_
_
^
_
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
129
_
_
14
_
.■>
1
?.
1
5
-
23
-
-
-
1
-
2
-
-
1
73
2
130
1
_
_
3
2
1
5
2
9
-
-
-
3
-
2
-
1
1
5
1
131
1
-
22
-
2
5
1
2
-
-
1
-
6
1
:
-
45
_
5
1
-
-
:
440
15
2
132
133
1
_
3
_
?
6
-
1
1
-
2
-
1
-
-
-
8
-
1
-
28
2
134
_
1
_
3
3
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
3
-
-
-
-
2
135
1
_
5
t
3
2
_
-
2
-
2
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
31
6
136
_
S
1
2
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
2
-
1
-
2
-
137
_
_
1
43
10
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
3
-
34
1
138
_
_
4
_
fi
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25
-
-
-
-
-
112
2
139
_
_
?.
_
1
3
_
_
-
-
-
1
-
-
12
-
-
-
-
-
21
1
140
-
-
3
-
12
22
2
2
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
:
~
1
:
:
1
3
4
2
141
142
1
_
47
_
9
7
_
1
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
13
-
10
-
54
1
143
_
fi
_
4
2
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
134
3
144
_
_
8
_
1
2
-
-
-
8
1
-
-
-
-
7
-
3
1
-
7
145
_
_
1
_
1
3
_
_
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
2
-
50
9
146
~
~
6
2
4
-
4
1
3
-
1
-
:
5
9
1
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
-
1
-
210
23
4
5
4
147
148
149
_
_
_
5
3
1
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
150
_
-
?.
_
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
2
151
_
_
_
?,
3
_
1
1
_
-
1
-
_
-
-
1
-
-
-
82
2
152
_
_
Ifi
_
1
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
2
1
52
-
153
1
_
_
2
2
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
154
:
12
4
1
:
1
1
-
-
1
1
-
13
2
-
-
3
-
9
-
-
-
139
3
3
1
155
156
157
_
_
?.
-
5
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
2
158
_
_
_
3
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
159
_
-
4
_
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
2
-
-
-
44
2
160
_
_
1
_
1
_
-
-
2
1
8
-
-
-
6
-
7
-
-
-
42
1
161
_
_
5
-
7
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
-
3
-
-
-
22
-
162
-
-
3
-
5
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
1
2
163
162
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Cases and Deaths fro7n Diseases Dangerous
Cities and Towns
GROUPED IN Order of
Population.
Popu-
lation
esti-
mated
as of
July 1,
1919.
19A
Chicken
Pox.
61A
Ep.
Cere-
bro-
spinal
Menin-
gitis.
Diph-
theria.
19B
Ger-
man
Mea-
sles.
Lobar
Pneu-
monia.
Measles.
Medway,
Hanover,
Pepperell,
Holliston,
Bourne, .
North Brookfield,
Westford,
Holden, .
Scituate,
Ayer,
Wilmington,
Dighton,
Kingston,
Lancaster,
Wilbraham,
Norton, .
Sutton, .
Sharon , .
Weston, .
Towns under 2,500.
Hopkinton, .
Groton, .
Grovoland,
Hull,
Rehoboth,
Charlton,
Shirley, .
Avon,
Ashland,
East Ix)ngmeadow,
Harwich,
Douglas,
Bellingham, .
Acton,
Georgetown, .
Duxbury,
Williamsburg,
Southborough,
Belchertown,
Milh-ille,
Rutland,
Ashburnham,
Merrimac,
Upton, .
Hamilton,
Brookfield,
Sherborn,
Colrain, .
Northfield,
Sheffield,
Wayland,
Raynham,
Stockbridge,
North borough
Longmeadow,
Townsend,
Freetown,
Westminster,
Lunenburg,
Lakeville,
2,972
2,952
2,935
2,852
2,840
2,838
2,83.5
2,822
2,813
2,763
2,726
2,722
2,694
2,686
2,681
2,625
2,619
2,602
2,540
211,793 ISO
2,495
2,484
2,482
2,446
2,418
2,365
2,344
2,290
2,278
2,263
2,233
2,201
2,168
2,164
2,142
2,118
2,106
2,028
2,070
2,031
2,022
2,017
2,017
2,007
1,988
1,937
1,923
1,904
1,900
1,900
1,886
1,882
1,875
1,868
1,866
1,8.54
1,823
1,796
1,791
1,785
104
52
No. 34.1 DIVISION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES.
163
to the Public Health, 1919 — Continued.
38A
7
28-29
30-35
1
8
100
19C
38C
31
10
Oph-
thal-
mia
Neona-
torum.
Scarlet
Fever.
Tuber-
culosis,
Pulmo-
nary.
Tuber-
culosis,
Other
Forms.
Ty-
phoid
Fever.
Whoop-
ing
Cough.
Septic
Sore
Throat.
Mumps
Gonor-
rhea.
Syph-
ills.
Influ-
enza.
o
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223
164
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Cases and Deaths from Diseases Dangerous
Cities .\nd Towns
GROUPED IN Order of
Population.
Popu-
lation
esti-
mated
as of
July 1,
1919.
19A
Chicken
Pox.
61A
Ep.
Cere-
bro-
spinal
Menin-
gitis.
9
Diph-
theria.
19B
Ger-
man
Mea-
sles.
92
Lobar
Pneu-
monia.
6
Measles.
o
o
c
3
6
1
6
J3
Q
i
u
1
6
1
6
1
Q
1
6
J3
1
Q
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
23.5
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
Salisbury,
Chatham,
Hanson, .
Dennis, .
Carver, .
Essex,
Marshfield,
Norwell,
Newbury,
Southwick,
West wood,
Rowley, .
West Newbur
Buckland,
Cheshire,
Nahant, .
Norfolk, .
Marion, .
North Readin
Millis, .
Bedford,
Sunderland,
Shelburne,
Middleton
Mattapoisett,
Sterling, .
Tisbury,
Plainville,
Lincoln, .
Yarmouth,
Huntington,
Oak Bluffs,
Hinsdale,
West Boylston
Edgartown,
Whately,
Sandwich,
Pembroke,
Sturbridge,
Chester, .
Lynnfield,
West Stockbric
Sudbury,
West Brookfiel
Orleans, .
Littleton,
Russell, .
Rochester,
Conway,
Lanesborough,
Erving, .
Topsfield,
Dover, .
Harvard,
Stow,
Wenhani,
Hubbardston,
Tyngsborough,
Clarksburg, .
Ashfield,
Southampton,
Brim field,
Becket, .
Ige,
d,
1,767
1,7.55
1,746
1,742
1,734
1,724
1,713
1,693
1,682
1,655
1,600
1,577
1,.576
1,565
1,560
1,559
. 1,528
1.508
1,489
1,479
1,478
1,472
1.471
1,459
1,4.53
1,441
1,4.33
1,429
1,424
1,411
1,387
1,380-
1,375
1,360
1,348
1,346
1,340
1,337
1,332
1,315
1,281
1,281
1,278
1,2.55
1,242
1,228
1.222
1,219
1,212
1,207
1,185
1,173
1,168
1,163
1,136
1,118
1,093
1,084
1,035
1,023
1,017
992
985
18
1
4
1
1
7
3
1
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1
1
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1
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1
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3
1
1
1
1
3
2
3
5
2
1
2
1
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
3
3
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
5
3
1
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2
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1
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8
2
11
18
9
17
41
1
30
8
6
5
2
2
1
7
8
7
1
6
1
No. 34.] DIVISION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES.
165
to the Public Health, 1019 — Continued.
38A
Oph-
thal-
mia
Neona-
torum.
7
Scarlet
Fever.
28-29
Tuber-
culosis,
Pulmo-
nary.
30-35
Tuber-
culosis,
Other
Forms.
1
Ty-
phoid
Fever.
8
Whoop-
ing
Cough.
100
Septic
Sore
Throat.
19C
Mumps
38C
Gonor-
rhea.
37
Syph-
ilis.
10
Influ-
enza.
i
a
1
03
o
1
6
J3
Q
O
01
6 Q
§
6
5
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j3
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2
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2
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2
9
1
3
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19
3
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8
4
1
1
4
4
2
1
2
1
1
6
1
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1
11
2
5
3
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1
3
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5
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2
3
4
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8
1
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2
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29
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54
9
32
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5
2
25
24
4
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1
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1
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1
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1
2
1
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6
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2
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36
1
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1
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4
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9
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1
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1
18
25
51
14
14
2
16
6
1
3
10
38
40
1
3
35
135
27
18
2
2
15
1
5
1
14
98
34
2
17
78
3
12
7
13
14
9
14
2
1
3
2
2
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
3
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
3
1
3
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
166
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Cases and Deaths from Diseases Dangerous
19A
61A
Ep.
9
19B
92
6
Cities and Towns
GBOUPED IN Order of
Popu-
lation
esti-
mated
Chicken
Pox.
Cere-
bro-
spinal
Menin-
gitis.
Diph-
theria.
Ger-
man
Mea-
sles.
T^obar
Pneu-
monia.
Measles.
POPTILATION. as of |
1
1
July 1, -
o
1919.
J3
J3
.
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m
JS
aj
1
\o
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o
S
03
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3
U
Q
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U
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'-'
?87
Mendon. ....
979
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
9M
Berkley, .
973
-
-
-
-
1
-
~
~
~
"■
?89
Gill,
959
6
-
~
~
~
~
~
~
?m
Charlemont, .
956
-
-
-
-
2
~
~
~
~
~
?'»i
Ashby,
952
-
-
-
-
-
~
~
~
~
1
•K\?.
New Marlborough,
950
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
~
~
~
293
Royalston,
921
2
-
-
-
~
~
""
~
?94
Brewster,
910
-
-
~
~
~
~
"■
?.%
Burlington, .
886
-
-
-
-
~
~
~
~
1
2
2
?96
Granby, .
883
-
-
-
-
■"
~
~
~
1
2
?97
Wellfleet,
864
-
-
-
-
~
■"
~
—
398
Boylston,
842
-
-
-
-
~
~
~
~
~
?99
Bernards ton, .
832
-
-
-
-
~
~
~
30n
Berlin, .
830
-
-
-
-
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
sni
Leverett,
821
1
-
-
-
1
~
~
~
302
303
Granville,
Princeton,
788
784
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
11
-
304
Bolton, .
772
2
~
~
~
~
~
305
Enfield, .
748
8
-
~
~
~
~
"
306
Halifax, .
713
-
~
~
~
~
~
~
2
1
1
6
307
Boxford,
710
1
-
~
~
~
~
~
~
30S
Petersham,
702
-
-
~
~
~
~
~
2
1
309
Dana,
691
1
-
-
-
~
~
~
~
310
Hampden,
691
-
-
~
I
~
"
~
~
311
Cummington,
681
-
~
~
~
"
~
3
313
Truro, .
671
2
~
~
~
~
313
Worthington, .
660
- ~
2
~
~
~
~
314
Plympton,
632
~ ~
~
"
2
1
315
New Salem, .
613
~
~
~
~
31fi
Egremont,
595
~
~
~
"
~
317
Chesterfield, .
580
~
~
~
~
■"
318
Eastham,
567
-
~
~
~
~
1
1
1
319
Sandisfield, .
562
-
-
~
~
"
~
~
3?.0
Hancock,
556
-
~
~
~
~
~
331
Blandford,
543
-
-
~
~
1
~
~
332
Savoy,
542
-
~
~
~
~
~
2
S'S
Pelham, .
525
-
-
~
~
1
~
324
335
Pax ton, .
Oakham,
517
506
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
1
1
1
-
326
337
Richmond,
Warwick,
492
477
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
1
-
-
338
Florida, .
453
-
-
~
~
~
""
~
339
West Tisbury,
445
1
~
~
~
1
1
1
330
New Braintree,
444
~
~
~
~
331
Cilrlisle, .
439
-
~
~
~
333
West ham pton,
435
~
~
~
~
333
Haw ley, .
431
~
~
~
~
334
Heath, .
413
~
~
~
~
~
1
335
Greenwich,
405
-
-
~
~
~
~
336
Otis,
400
-
~
~
~
1
337
Rowe,
398
~
~
~
~
338
Levden, .
361
-
~
~
~
2
5
339
PhiUipston, .
360
~
~
~
~
340
341
Plain field,
Windsor,
350
350
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
342
343
Monroe, .
Boxborough, .
338
334
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
344
Monterey,
333
-
~
~
~
~
345
346
Wales, .
Dunstable,
329
324
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
347
Shutesbury, .
313
~
~
~
*■
-
348
Middlefield, .
300
~
~
~
~
349
Goshen,
297
No. 34.] DIVISION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES.
167
to the
Public Health, 1919
—
Continued.
38A
Oph-
thal-
mia
Neona-
torum.
7
Scarlet
Fever.
28-29
Tuber-
culosis,
Pulmo-
nary.
30-35
Tuber-
culosis,
Other
Forms.
1
Ty-
phoid
Fever.
8
Whoop-
ing
Cough.
100
Septic
Sore
Throat.
19C
Mumps
38C
Gonor-
rhea.
37
Syph-
ilis.
10
Influ-
enza.
i
a
.2
DO
J3
1
a
a
Q
o
O
J3
1
a
1
(3
a
O
1
03
O
1
P
a
P
a
+3
1
a
P
o
§
3
1
-
2
1
4
3
1
2
3
1
3
3
2
_
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
4
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
_
1
-
1
1
1
2
5
4
8
4
6
1
1
~
-
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
~
-
1
1
1
41
1
1
33
39
4
4
1
3
1
12
4
12
33
11
10
5
40
4
4
11
14
10
4
12
3
11
18
19
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
3
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
287
288
289
290
291
292
2S3
294
295
236
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
16S
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Ca
se.s
and Deaths
frotn Diseases
D07
gerovs
Cities axd Towns
GROUPED IK Order of
Population.
Popu-
lation
esti-
mated
as of
July 1,
1919.
19A
Chicken
Pox.
61A
Ep.
Cere-
bro-
spinal
Menin-
gitis.
9
Diph-
theria.
19B
Ger-
man
Mea-
sles.
92
Lobar
Pneu-
monia.
6
Measles.
6
a>
a
3
6
0
J5
Q
i
o
J3
1
Q
.S
6
1
p
6
350
351
352
3.53
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
333
364
335
366
Chilmark,
Wendell, .
Prescott,
Tyringham,
Washington,
Alford, .
Mash pee,
Montgomery,
Tolland, .
Gay Head,
Holland,
Peru,
Gosnold,
New Ashford,
Mount Washin
Camp Devens
State Infira
BURY, .
gton
lART
Te
WKS
293
292
282
282
273
267
259
242
216
187
171
161
159
92
82
10
30
-
7
2
1
1
17
22
1
2
11
1
1
■55
21
1
6
17
6
2
-
In addition to the above there
Cases
occurred 3 cases of actinomy-
Somerville, .... 1
cosis: —
Cases. Deaths.
Springfield,
2
Boston
2
Swampscott,
2
Taunton, ....
1
Warwick,
West Newbury,
66 cases of anterior poliomye
Weymouth,
litis, with 17 deaths: —
Winthrop, .
Abington, ....
1
Worcester, .
Athol,
1 1
Belmont,
1 -
18 cases of anthrax, with 1
Boston,
13 3
death: —
Bridgewater,
2 1
Boston, 1
Brockton, .
1 -
Canton,
1
Cambridge,
1
Chelsea,
2
Carlisle,
1
Hudson,
2
Chelmsford,
1
Lynn,
2
Clinton,
1
Peabody, .
2
Dedham, .
1
Salem,
3
Easthampton,
1
Somerville,
1
Everett,
2 -
Weymouth,
1
Fall River,
1 -
Woburn,
2
Gloucester,
1 1
Worcester, .
1
Great Barringtor
ii
1 -
Holliston, .
1 -
54 cases of dog bite (requiring
Holyoke,
2 1
anti-rabic treatment) : —
Lawrence, .
1
Attleboro 1
Lowell,
9 3
Berkley,
1
Lynn,
4 -
Beverly,
1
Med ford,
1 -
Brockton, .
2
Melrose,
1
Cambridge,
1
Methuen, .
1
Dartmouth,
1
Milford, .
1
Dighton, .
3
Needham, .
1 1
Fall River,
9
New Bedford,
1 2
Fitchburg, .
1
Newton,
1 -
Groton,
2
North .\dams,
1
Lawrence, .
1
Norwood, .
1
Lowell,
8
Palmer,
1
Lunenburg,
1
Revere,
I -
Middlebo rough.
1
Scituate,
1
New Bedford,
4
Deaths.
No. 34.] DIVISION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES.
169
to the Public Health, 1919 — Concluded.
38A
Oph-
thal-
mia
Neona-
torum.
7
Scarlet
Fever.
28-29
Tuber-
culosis,
Pulmo-
nary.
30-35
Tuber-
culosis,
Other
Forms.
1
Ty-
phoid
Fever.
8
Whoop-
ing
Cough.
100
Septic
Sore
Throat.
19C
Mumps
38C
Gonor-
rhea.
37
Syph-
ilis.
10
Influ-
enza.
1
P
i
6
Q
a
J3
Q
IS
6
ffi
P
1
O
j3
P
6
1
p
1
6
P
1
6
P
P
1
03
o
J3
"ca
o
Z
o
a
3
3
-
23
10
-
1
131
1
1
9
165
21
1
1
6
2
2
-
2
7
16
1
1
1
114
3
-
1
269
119
-
272
37
1
19
7
1
3
38
3
3
8
1
3
1
1
1
5
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
356
Rehoboth, .
Swansea,
Taunton,
Templeton,
Winthrop, .
Worcester, .
23 cases of dysentery, w
deaths: —
Adams,
Agawam,
Bellingham,
Boston,
Brookline, .
Cambridge,
Camp Devens,
Fall River,
New Bedford,
Newburyport,
North Adams,
Northampton,
Pittsfield
Provincetown,
Quincy,
Salem,
Scituate,
Sterling,
Tops field,
Westport,
Cases. Deaths.
1
ith 9
3 cases of leprosy, with 1
death : —
Boston 3
Chelsea, .....
72 cases of malaria, with 4
deaths: —
Barre, ..... 1
Boston 11
Brockton 2
Camp Devens,
Chelsea,
Dedhani,
Fall River,
Framingham,
Franklin,
Haverhill, .
Law rence, .
Lexington, .
Ixjwell,
Maiden,
Mansfield, .
Middleborough,
Milford,
Needham, .
Newton,
Northampton,
Northbridge,
Springfield,
Way land, .
Wellesley, .
Weymouth ,
Winthrop, .
13 cases of pellagra, with 15
deaths: —
Boston,
Danvers,
Fox borough,
Haverhill, .
Med ford,
Melrose,
Northampton,
Pepperell, .
Somerville,
Taunton,
West borough,
\\'orcester, .
Wrentham,
Cases. Deaths.
3
1
2
170
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [P. D. No. 34.
1 case of rabies, with 1 death: — Cases. Deaths.
Fall River, .... 1 1
40 cases of smallpox, with 2
deaths: —
Belmont,
Boston,
Cambridge,
Edgartown,
Everett,
Fall River,
Framingham,
Gardner,
Gloucester,
La.vrence, .
Lowell,
Ludlow,
Quincy,
Springfield,
21 cases of tetanus, with 22
deaths: —
Adams,
Amesbury,
Barnstable,
Boston,
Braintree, .
Brookline, .
Cambridge,
Concord,
Dedham,
Dracut,
Fasthampton,
Fairhaven, .
Fall River,
Franklin, .
Georgetown,
Lynn,
Maiden,
Milton,
New Bedford,
Peabodv,
Pittsfieid, .
Quincy,
Somerville,
Worcester, .
Cases. Deaths.
1
3 cases of trichinosis:
Boston,
72 cases of trachoma
Attleboro, .
Boston,
Cambridge,
Chelsea,
Chicopee, .
Fall River,
Fitchburg, .
Haverhill, .
Lawrence, .
Lowell,
Lynn,
Maiden,
Newton,
Northampton,
Nor-i^'ood , .
Peabody,
Somerville,
Watertown,
Williamsburg,
Worcester, .
Division of Biologic Laboratories
Milton J. Rosenau, M.D., Director
W. A. HiNTON, M.D., Assistant Director
A. N. Allen, M.D., Assistant Director
[171]
Eeport of Division of Biologic Labokatories.
It is becoming increasingly clear that the quarters for the Antitoxin
and Vaccine Laboratory, at Forest Hills, are inadequate both in size
and equipment to meet the present situation. These buildings were
erected fifteen years ago for the purpose of making diphtheria anti-
toxin and vaccine virus. Since then both the variety and amounts of
vaccines and serums made at Forest Hills have increased by leaps
and bounds. It is also very clear that further developments in the
line of biologic products which have to do with the diagnosis, pre-
vention and cure of disease will progress during the next decade.
The need of new quarters and adequate equipment is pressing.
The Antitoxin and Vaccine Laboratory, during the fiscal year
covered by this report, made and distributed products which would
have cost the State $99,270.80. This was accomplished with a total
appropriation of $39,800. This was done only by strict economies
and careful planning.
The report of the Antitoxin and Vaccine Laboratory and the report
of operations of the Wassermann Laboratory follow.
Antitoxin and Vaccine Laboratory.
Normal Diphtheria Antitoxin.
Number of liters in stock Dec. 1, 1918,
Number of liters in stock Nov. 30, 1919,
Number of liters produced Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, .
Number of liters distributed Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919,
Number of liters distributed Dec. 1, 1917, to Nov. 30, 1918,
Number of 1,000 units distributed Dec 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919,
Number of 1,000 units distributed Dec. 1, 1917, to Nov. 30, 1918,
116.087
72.300
602.280
646.067
629.086
143,101
61,013
Concentrated Diphtheria Antitoxin.
Number of liters in stock Dec. 1, 1918, ....
Number of liters in stock Dec. 1, 1919, ....
Number of liters produced in 1918 to Nov. 30, 1919, .
Number of liters distributed in 1918 to Nov. 30, 1919, .
Number of liters distributed in 1917 to Nov. 30, 1918, .
Number of 1,000 units distributed Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30
Number of 1,000 units distributed Dec. 1, 1917, to Nov. 30
1919,
1918,
3.100
60.000
165.950
109.050
234.350
16,028
122,026
174 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Diphtheria Horse Ta'p'ping.
Number of liters of blood dra\^ai Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, 2,444. 800
Number of liters of serum yield Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, . . 740. 225
Diphtheria Horses.
Number of diphtheria horses in stock Dec. 1, 1918, .... 22
Number of diphtheria horses in stock Nov. 30, 1919, .... 25
Number of diphtheria horses yielding antitoxin Nov. 30, 1919, . . 15
Number of diphtheria horses acquired Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, 9
Number of diphtheria horses disposed of Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, 7
Anthneningitis Serum.
Number of liters in stock Dec. 1, 1918, 11.000
Number of liters in stock Nov. 30, 1919, 31.000
Number of liters produced Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, . . . 86. 500
Number of liters distributed Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, . . 67.365
Number of liters distributed Dec. 1, 1917, to Nov. 30, 1918, . . 69. 720
Number of bottles of 15 cubic centimeters each distributed Dec. 1,
1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, •, • • 4,565
Number of bottles of 15 cubic centimeters each distributed Dec. 1,
1917, to Nov. 30, 1918, 4,558
Antimeningitis Horse Tapping.
Number of liters of blood drawn Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, . 258. 700
Number of liters of serum yield Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, . . 98. 900
Antimeningitis Horses.
Number of meningitis horses in stock Dec. 1, 1918, .... 6
Number of meningitis horses in stock Dec. 1, 1919, .... 6
Number of meningitis horses yielding serum Nov. 30, 1919, . . 6
PneumococcAis Serum.
Number of liters in stock Dec. 1, 1918, Type I., 65.325
Number of liters in stock Nov. 30, 1919, 36.925
Number of liters produced Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, . . . 23.800
Number of liters distributed Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, . . 42. 200
Number of bottles of 100 cubic centimeters each distributed Dec. 1,
1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, 422
Number of bottles of 100 cubic centimeters each distributed Dec. 1,
1917, to Nov. 30, 1918, 357
Number of liters in stock Dec. 1, 1918, Type II., 13.825
No. 34.] DIVISION OF BIOLOGIC LABORATORIES. 175
Number of liters in stock Nov. 30, 1919, Type II., . . . 11 . 525
Number of liters produced Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, Type II., 18.600
Number of bottles of 100 cubic centimeters each distributed Dec. 1,
1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, 209
Number of bottles of 100 cubic centimeters each distributed Dec. 1,
1917, to Nov. 30, 1918, 295
Antipneu7nococcus Serum Tapping.
Number of liters of blood drawn Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, . 71 . 100
Number of liters of serum yield Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, . .29. 900
Antipneiimococcus Horses.
Number of pneumococcus horses in stock Dec. 1, 1918, ... 3
Number of pneumococcus horses in stock Nov. 30, 1919, ... 3
Number of pneumococcus horses disposed of Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov.
30, 1919, 2
Diphtheria Toxin.
Number of liters of toxin in stock Dec. 1, 1918, 64
Number of liters of toxin in stock Nov. 30, 1919, 20
Number of liters produced Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, ... 539
Average strength of toxin in minimum lethal dose (.006, or used on
a basis of .006).
Culture used, Park No. 8 and Parke, Davis No. 0236.
General Distribution of Schick Toxin Outfits.
Number of outfits distributed from Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, . 96
One outfit contains 100 doses; total doses, 9,600.
General Distribution of Diphtheria Toxin- Antitoxin Mixture.
Number of ampoules distributed from Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30,
1919 (1 cubic centimeter in each ampoule), 508
Distributed from Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919, 600 cubic centi-
meters equaling 600 ampoules.
176
STATE DEP.\RTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Calves inoadated and Vaccine Virus produced, Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. SO, 1919.
Date of Vaccination.
Number of
Calves.
Yield of Vac-
cine (Cubic
Centimeters).
Virus (Vso
Cubic Centi-
meter Doses).
1919.
January 9, . . .
January 23, . . .
February 14, .
March 13,
Aprils
April 24
May 8
May 23, .
June 6, . . . .
August 28,
September 5, .
October 2,
October 17,
October 20, . . .
October 29,
November 15, .
November 29, .
Totals,
100
120
100
100
100
140
156
150
80
105
180
110
110
130
116
120
192
120
120
2,349
6,000
7,200
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,400
9,360
9,000
4,800
6,300
10,800
6,600
6,600
7,800
6,960
7,200
11,520
7,200
7,200
140,940
Vaccine Virus, Output bij Months Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. SO, 1919.
Month.
Doses (^^0
Cubic Cen-
timeters) of
Vaccine Virus
sent out.
1918.
December, .......
1919.
January, ........
February,
March,
April,
May,
June, . .'
July
August
September, .......
October, ........
November, .......
Total
5,056
8,816
6,195
6,715
11,028
18,905
13,895
14,957
50,080
36,785
14,350
8,025
194,807
No. 34.1 DIVISION OF BIOLOGIC LABORATORIES.
177
Typhoid and Paratyphoid Prophylactic, Output by Months, in One Cubic Centi-
meter Doses, Dec. 1, 1918, to Nov. 30, 1919.
Month.
Typhoid
Prophylactic.
Paratyphoid
A and B.
Triple Mixture. -
1918.
December,
1919.
January, ....
February,
March, ....
April, ....
May, ....
June, ....
July, ....
August, ....
September,
October
November,
Totals,
1,262
1,150
-
1,562
900
150
730
1,400
168
2,114
2,100
150
1,993
2,015
75
1,663
2,200
214
2,394
800
150
6,716
750
75
1,850
1,550
135
9,456
1,068
81
23,487
1,575
150
1,800
16,770
55,831
Wassermann Laboratory.
The activities of the Wassermann Laboratory have not been unusual
during the past year. There have been a few minor changes in per-
sonnel designed to make the work more efficient and less expensive.
For example, an assistant bacteriologist, employed at a beginning rate
of $1,500 per year, has been replaced by a laboratory assistant at
$900 per year. By careful training, this assistant has been taught
to do most of the work formerly done by the higher paid individual
without detracting from the quality of the work and in some instances
greatly adding to it.
The activity of the Ignited States Public Health Service in venereal
disease control has shown the desirability of statistical data with regard
to both syphilis and gonorrhea. Although the Wassermann Labora-
tory has had a wealth of this material to work on, it has been handi-
capped because of lack of clerical assistance. This work, however,
is now proceeding with rapidity, and it is hoj>ed that at a very early
date valuable statistical data will be in form for publication.
The following table indicates the comparative number of the
different tests during the years 1918 and 1919: —
178
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [P. D. No. 34.
Wassermann tests, ....•••■■■
Gonococcus fixation tests, • • • , / . ', t j ^ '
Diagnostic examinations for the Department of Animal Industry: —
(a) Complement fixation tests for glanders, ....
(6) Agglutination tests for glanders,
(c) Examinations for rabies, • .•
(d) Pathologic and bacteriologic exammations, ....
1919.
31,485
221
122
84
The number of tests and examinations made for the year 1919 is
greater than that of the previous year in every case, with the exception
of diagnostic examinations for glanders. This exception is due to the
fact that very few cases of glanders have been suspected in domestic
animals during the past year.
A law was passed in 1917 requiring that certain laboratory tests
be made (that the Department of Health might direct) upon the
inmates of houses of correction, jails and similar institutions. As a
result of the enforcement of this law, an unusual number of Wasser-
mann tests have been made upon the inmates of these institutions.
All told, thirteen houses of correction and courts have requested a
Wassermann test. The total number of specimens upon which a
satisfactory test was made for these agencies was 1,485, of which 241,
or 16 per cent, were positive, and 61, or 4.1 per cent, were doubtful.
Assuming that the rate of positivity is from 5 to 8 per cent for the
population of Massachusetts in general, it is obvious that the criminal
class is a real menace to the community from the point of view of the
spread of syphilis.
The State-approved venereal clinics outside of Boston with one
exception have had their Wassermann tests made in the State labora-
tory. The total number of specimens submitted from this source
during the year was 1,303.
Scientific medicine has given public health officials knowledge upon
which laws may be drafted adequate to properly control syphilis.
This is not the case with gonorrhea. The treatment of this disease
from the venereal aspect is far from satisfactory, while the diagnosis
in many instances, especially in the case of females, is notoriously
uncertain. The gonococcus fixation test is proving in our hands a
valuable aid in the diagnosis of the disease. However, it is not
expected that this test will entirely solve this aspect of gonorrhea,
and for this reason it is desirable that funds be obtained with which
to make a study of this very important pubHc health problem. The
Wassermann Laboratory is excellently equipped to carry out such
research, and possesses a personnel desirous of studying the problem.
It simply needs a small additional amount of money and the au-
thority to undertake its study.
Division of Hygiene
Merrill E. Champion, JM.D., Director
[179]
Keport of Division of Hygiene.
Changes in Personnel.
There have been various changes in the personnel of this Division
during the past year. Miss Pansy V. Besom, chief of the child wel-
fare supervisors, attached to this Department during the war, re-
signed in February to go with the Red Cross as associate director
in the public health nursing section of the New England Division.
In April Miss Ellen Atchison, another of the child welfare super-
visors, resigned. Miss Ethel M. Ford in April was transferred to the
Division of Administration, succeeding Miss Lowe as filing clerk.
Mr. Edward H. Williams, for several years draftsman in the Division
of Hygiene, resigned to accept a more highly paid position outside
of State work. Lastly, Miss Genevieve R. Jules resigned in Novem-
ber to be married. Miss Jules was one of the nurses receiving an
appointment early in the history of this Division.
Replacing Miss Ford, Miss Josephine M. Cullen was transferred
from the Division of Communicable Diseases to the Division of
Hygiene. Mr. John H. McCarthy was appointed to succeed Mr.
WilHams. Mr. McCarthy is a graduate of the Massachusetts Normal
Art School, has been supervisor of drawing for several towns in this
State, and has served overseas. Several other new appointments were
made during the summer to fill vacancies or new positions. Miss
Hazel Wedgwood was appointed temporary health instructor, later
being made permanent after a civil service examination list was
established. Miss Harriet L. Wedgwood and Miss Helen C. Reilly
were obtained from this same list to fill new positions authorized by
the Legislature of this year.
When, in April, it was decided to extend the work of this Division
to cover the subject of mouth hygiene, Dr. Edwin N. Kent was ap-
pointed with the title of Supervisor of Mouth Hygiene. Dr. Kent
has been for many years interested in the public health aspect of
dental hygiene, having developed, among other things, a standardized
series of lectures which have had very wide circulation. At the time
of his appointment Dr. Kent was president of the Dental Hygiene
Council of Massachusetts. In October Miss Evelyn C. Schmidt was
182 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
appointed as temporary health instructor in mouth hygiene, to assist
Dr. Kent in his work.
During the period of the agricultural fairs Dr. Mary Putnam of
Cambridge was employed by the Division of Hygiene to conduct
clinics for children. Dr. Putnam, in addition to excellent training
and experience as a pediatrician, had served with the Franco-American
Committee for the Care of Children from the Frontier in France
during the war.
The Child Conservation Committee, appointed by the Commissioner
of Health during the war, completed the large piece of work it set
out to do early in the year, and discontinued the employment of its
child welfare nurses, the Red Cross appropriation having run out.
The members of this committee have, however, agreed to continue
as an advisory committee to give the Department the benefit of their
valuable advice. The hearty thanks of the Department are due these
experts who have so freely given of their time and energy for the
improvement of the health of the children of the State.
Lines of Work.
During the early part of the year 1918-19 the work of the Division
of Hygiene was considerably handicapped by the fact that people
had not yet recovered from the effect of the disastrous epidemic of
influenza of 1918. This was to be noted, so far as this Division was
concerned, chiefly in the infrequency of public meetings. Later in
the new year, however, things resumed a more normal aspect. On
the whole, the work of the year which is just past has represented
a real extension, both in scope and in character. A short description
of our various activities will be given under appropriate headings.
Public Health Nursing.
Li many ways the activities of our public health nurses represent
the most varied and fundamental of our lines of work. Starting in
1915 with two nurses, the Division now employs five. In April, 1919,
it was decided that the time had come for a more compact organiza-
tion of the nurses. Therefore a subdivision of public health nursing
was estabhshed within the Division of Hygiene. Miss Blanche Wildes,
one of our health instructors, was appointed chief of this subdivision.
The duties of these nurses have been varied. Lectures, investigations
of child welfare problems, and exhibit work have taken them all over
the State. A few examples of the type of work they are doing will
appear under the various subsequent headings.
No. 34.] DIVISION OF HYGIENE. 183
Food and its Relationshi'p to Health.
The Division of Hygiene has had a health instructor in foods since
1917. For the first two years the work of this instructor was confined
largely to preparing articles on food for publication in bulletin form,
and to delivering lectures to public audiences on this same subject.
During this time a good deal of valuable educational material was
scattered broadcast throughout the State. A very interesting series
of posters and stereopticon slides prepared in this connection has been
used by various food workers. The effort is now being made to do a
broader work by aiding in the co-ordination of the intensive efforts
carried on by many different organizations, all having in view the
maintenance of health through a proper appreciation of the problem
of nutrition. An attempt is now being made by this Division to list
the various nutritional clinics of the State, and to devise some ade-
quate method for standardization.
Mouth Hygiene.
Reference has already been made to the appointment of Dr. Kent
to develop this very important phase of personal hygiene. It was
recognized at once that if anything was to be accomplished the first
step would have to be a survey of existing facilities. This has been
accomplished. The Division of Hygiene now has a list of all the
dental dispensaries in the State, and is receiving a monthly report
regularly from each one. Furthermore, we are trying to lend all
possible assistance to communities desirous of establishing dental
clinics, hoping that thereby a saving will be effected for these com-
munities in time, expense and efficiency. Some educational material
has also been prepared and more is in preparation. A good many
talks on the care of the mouth have been given, especially to school
children, by the health instructor in mouth hygiene.
Cancer Control.
The results obtained from the co-operation between the Cancer
Commission of Harvard University and the State Department of
Health seemed so desirable that a special appropriation was secured
from the Legislature amounting to $3,000 for the purpose of furnish-
ing diagnostic facilities to physicians, and also for educational propa-
ganda. The Cancer Commission has handled this diagnosis work for
us. A special booklet on the subject of cancer is being sent by the
184
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Department of Health to every physician in the State. The accom-
panying chart shows the trend of the cancer death rate in Massa-
chusetts.
CANCER
MASSACHUSETTS DEATH RATE
no
1905
191
0
19
b
10
y
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1
900
|(
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l£
10
l£
115
19
20
hivestigations and Surveys.
It is becoming increasingly apparent that the Division of Hygiene
can do good service by making an investigation of some of the prob-
lems relating to the health of women and children which have long
been neglected. Accordingly, we have begun an inquiry into the
status of the midwife problem in Massachusetts. A survey is also
being completed of the open-air schools in this State. The imminence
of maternity benefit legislation made it necessary for us to gather
No. 34.] DIVISION OF HYGIENE. 185
information which would be of assistance in the administration of any
laws which might be passed. A number of similar lines of investiga-
tion are contemplated for the future.
Educational JFort.
■ Our oldest venture in the educational field, our child welfare exhibit,
is still proving to be of real value. The original panels which were
first used in 1915 were found to be pretty well used up after four
years of wear and tear, and were discarded. An entirely new set was
prepared, consisting of ten panels, smaller in size and of lighter con-
struction than the ones which they replaced. These are more easily
assembled and cost less to ship. Various small posters have been
added from time to time. An excellent and unique set of food posters
has been developed by the health instructor in foods. The same
ground has also been covered with a set of stereopticon slides which
are in great demand among food workers outside the Department for
use in public talks. A large part of the real value of the exhibit lies
in the fact that it can be used as a nucleus around which a health
week can be built. The underlying purpose of a health week is to
awaken the people of a given community to the importance of health
measures in general, and some one measure in particular. The most
common object in such a drive is the acquisition of a public health
nurse.
Arrangements have been entered into with the Massachusetts
Tuberculosis League, the Massachusetts Child Labor Committee, and
the League for Preventive Work, whereby the exhibits maintained by
these organizations are united with ours during health weeks.
Closely allied with the health weeks have been our visits to certain
of the agricultural fairs. This year, with the aid of an automobile
truck and a tent, we attended seven of these fairs, showing our ex-
hibits and giving demonstrations on health subjects. An innovation
this year was the employment, for the period of the fairs, of a trained
pediatrician, who gave an examination to such children as were
brought to her by their parents, and who advised the parents regard-
ing the necessity of a visit to the family physician for correction of
such physical defects as were brought to light by the examination.
Another innovation at the fairs was the use of a dental hygienist
to demonstrate to children and adults the hygiene of the mouth.
During the past year our lecture work has been continued; prac-
tically every request for a speaker from any responsible group has
been complied with. The District Health Officers and their nursing
assistants have shared to a great extent in this service. In addition
186 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
to these facilities offered the general public, there has been co-opera-
tion with educational and nursing institutions in special lectures on
public health subjects.
One of the most potent aids to public health education is unques-
tionably the moving pictures. A drawback to their use has always
been the fact that the standard film requires a booth and a licensed
operator, two adjuncts not always to be obtained in a country com-
munity. To obviate this difficulty the Division of Hygiene has this
year added a pathescope to its equipment. As yet the supply of films
of this type is inadequate.
Owing to the fact that the very important subject of school hygiene
has never been handled adequately in moving picture form, this
Division, during the past year, produced such a film, entitled "The
Priceless Gift of Health."
No educational scheme would be complete without the use of
written material. During the past year there has been a very great
demand for all of our pamphlets. A great many of these have gone
to school children. New material issued this year includes "The
Importance of Minerals in the Diet;" Diet Cards for Children from
Birth to Six Years of Age; "A Few Simple Facts about Digestion;"
"Posture in its Relation to Health;" "The 1916 Epidemic of Polio-
myelitis;" "The Importance of Mouth Cleanliness;" and "Health
Habits."
Most far-reaching of all our educational material, perhaps, have
been our prenatal and postnatal letters, the latter new this year.
Under our present system, prenatal letters are sent to the prospective
mother once a month until the baby is born; the postnatal letters
are then sent to the mother once a month until the baby is a year
old. The names of persons to whom these letters are to be sent come
to us through physicians, nurses, social workers, interested friends of
patients, and from the patients themselves. We have had 1,071
requests for these letters during the past year. The average has been
higher during the last few months.
That prenatal work of the most intensive kind is needed is con-
clusively shown by the charts which follow. Deaths among women
from causes directly referable to childbirth are increasing in Massa-
chusetts. The extraordinarily high rate for 1918 undoubtedly was
due to the influenza epidemic, but for a number of years the trend
has been undeniably upward. This upward trend, in spite of modern
advances in preventive medicine, is hard to explain. It would seem
as if the stress of modern life, with its changing conditions, were
tending to render maternity a pathological state more rapidly than
counterbalance can be applied through better obstetrics.
No. 34.
DIVISION OF HYGIENE.
18i
The same tendency may be perceived in the infant mortality, not
as a whole, but during the first month. The total rate for the first
year of life shows in this State a satisfactory decrease, due largely
to a lessening of the number of deaths caused by the diarrheal
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Department of Public Health
AMTO^Al^L DEATHS PEfi 10,000 L/V£: B/^m^ IN
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'A.
5S
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diseases. The rate for the year 1918 shows an atypical increase, as
might have been expected; the indications are that the 1919 rate
will fall below the 1917 rate. None the less, our admittedly imperfect
figures show that the rate for the first month of life does not share
in this satisfactory decrease. Those interested in a further study of
188
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
the infant mortality will find information of value in the report of
the Secretary of State, in whose office the vital statistics of the State
are collected. However, the slowness with which individual cities
and towns report their births to the State renders the compilation of
recent figures almost out of the question.
INFANT MORTALITY
MASSACHUSETTS RATE
1905 1910 1915
$150
\
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175
150
125
100
1900
1905
1910
1915
75
1920
In view of the fact that the maternal mortality is increasing, and
that the infant mortality of the first few weeks is not coming down,
it would seem imperative that steps be taken to extend the employ-
ment of prenatal care as the only means likely to influence these
deplorable conditions.
Our health column in the newspapers has now been extended to
No. 34.]
DIVISION OF HYGIENE.
189
include seven newspapers. I feel that this is of distinct value, though
the type of question that comes in shows conclusively that the general
public has not as yet any real appreciation of the need of prevention
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Department of Public Health
DEAmS UAD^ CWE VEAD QT AGE, BY MONTHLY
AGE a?0CP^,WA/AJ^Cm5ETrS
TOTAL DD^TT/J OW^ CM: YEAI^, (i^/CJ S>,JM.
JA}^ BAN£J NH) DUR/NG /mST AfOAmf OF L/FE IN MAJMOiU^ETT^
4j^J^ D/^ Dump TmOTTiOl £L£VpV MCWTTf^ OF LIFE.
. ■*A.M.. jgjf.. fA.tL. T/h.M.. eAM, J^AMi. KAjJi m
616
eer
lUKM.. /tih.ft..
as compared with the cure of disease. This newspaper service has
for its object assistance to the public in the ways to health. It does
not contemplate offering treatment, which is the function of the
practicing physician.
190
STATE DEPAETIMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Expansion for the Coming Year.
The work done the past year suggests new avenues for the coming
year. Among these I would place, first, the need for a whole-time
physician to conduct clinics for children, especially in the rural sections
of the State. Again, our mouth hygiene work, which has now a fair
start, must be extended. This will need the whole time of a trained
dental hygienist. The urgent need for more work on nutrition has
already been referred to. Finally, extension of work for mothers and
young children, as well as for the school child, must occupy much of
our time in the future.
Statistical tables relative to health weeks, exhibits, literature and
lectures follow: —
Exhibit at Health Weels and Health Days.
Ames bur }'.
Ashburnham.
Attleboro.
Belchertown.
Belmont.
Boston.
Canton.
Deerfield.
Easthampton.
Franklin.
Greenfield.
Haverhill.
Ipswich.
Montague.
North Attleborough.
Southampton.
South Deerfield.
Taunton.
Barnstable.
Brockton.
Charlemont.
Fitchburg.
Exhibit at Agricultural Fairs.
Great Barrington.
Pittsfield.
Marshfield.
Worcester.
Lectures were given during the year on the following subjects: —
Venereal Diseases, .
149
Oral Hygiene, .
. . . 18
Public Health Nursing,
72
School Hygiene,
. 6
Communicable Diseases,
65
Cancer and Diseases
of Adult
Child Welfare, . .
58
Life, .
. . . 3
Food and its Relation
-hip to
Rural Sanitation, .
. 3
Health,
58
]\Iaternity Benefits,
2
PubHc Health,
54
Water Supplies,
. . . 2
Social Hygiene,
43
Personal Hygiene, .
38
Total,
. . . 571
No. 34.] DIVISION OF HYGIENE.
A table of lectures by months follows : —
191
Month.
1918.
December,
1919.
January,
February,
March,
April, ......
May,
June,
July
August,
September
October, .....
November,
Totals,
Lectures.
571
Number
Present.
6,835
53
8,783
85
15,891
100
21,704
64
11,954
65
11,364
33
4,144
25
1,685
3
308
14
1,479
51
10,547
59
9,618
104,312
During the fiscal year ending Nov. 30, 1919, lectures were given in
the following cities and towns: —
Abington,
Adams,
1
3
Agawam, .
4
Amesbury,
Amherst, .
6
1
Andover, .
7
Arlington,
Ashburnham,
1
7
Athol,
3
Attleboro,
9
Auburn, .
2
Avon,
1
Ayer,
Barnstable,
3
1
Becket,
1
Bedford, .
1
Belchertown,
4
Belmont, .
11
Berlin,
1
Boston, .
97
Bourne, .
2
Boxford, .
1
Braintree,
1
Bridgewater,
Brimfield,
Brockton,
Brookline,
Cambridge,
Canton, .
Chatham,
Chelsea,
Clinton,
Cohasset,
Colrain,
Concord,
Dan vers,
Deerfield,
Dighton,
Douglas,
Duxbury,
Easthampton,
East Longmeadow,
Edgartown,
Enfield, .
Everett, .
Fairhaven,
5
1
3
3
17
7
1
2
1
1
1
4
3
10
1
1
1
5
2
1
1
3
2
192
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc-
Fall River,
Falmouth,
Fitchburg,
Framingham,
Franklin, .
Freetown,
Gardner, .
Georgetown,
Gloucester,
Goshen, .
Great Barringt^
Greenfield,
Grafton, .
Harvard, .
Haverhill,
Hingham,
Hinsdale, .
Holbrook,
HoUiston,
Holyoke, .
Hudson, .
Hyannis, .
Ipswich, .
Kingston,
Lancaster,
Lawrence,
Leominster,
Lowell,
Ludlow, .
Lunenburg,
Lynn,
Maiden, .
Mansfield,
Marblehead,
Marlborough,
Marshfield,
Medford, .
Medway, .
Melrose, .
Mendon, .
Methuen,
Middleboroug'
Milford, .
Monson, .
Montague,
Nahant, .
on.
4
Natick, .
2
New Bedford, .
2
Newbury port, .
2
Newton, .
5
North Adams,
3
North Aiidover,
1
North Attleborough
1
Northbridge, .
7
Northfield,
1
Northampton,
2
Norwood,
4
Orleans, .
6
Palmer,
1
Pembroke,
15
Pittsfield,
1
Plainfield,
1
Provincetown,
3
Quincy, .
1
Revere, .
7
Rockland,
2
Salem,
10
Salisbury,
10
Sandwich,
1
Saugus, .
2
Somerville,
4
South Hadley,
7
Southampton, .
13
Springfield,
2
Stockbridge, .
2
Stoneham,
5
Taunton, .
1
Tisbury, .
3
Townsend,
1
Walpole, .
2
Walt ham,
1
Wareham,
6
Warren, .
1
Water town.
3
Wellcsley,
1
Westborough, .
5
Westfield,
2
Westford,
2
West Newbury,
2
West Springfield,
6
Wilmington, .
1
Williamsburg, .
No. 34.1
DIVISION OF HYGIENE.
193
Winchendon, 1
Winchester, 2
Woburn, 2
Worcester, 11
Total,
565
AshviUe, N. C, . . . . 1
New Orleans, La., . . . . 1
Providence, R. I., . . . .3
Washington, D. C, . . 1
Total,
571
Report of the Boaed of State Examiners
OF Plumbers
James C. Coffey, Chairman
[195]
Report of the State Examiners of Plumbers.
Information concerning Examinations for Plumbers, showing the Place and Date
of Examination and Number examined, together with the Results of the
Examination, etc.
Examinations.
Boston, Dec. 7, 1918, .
Lowell, Dec. 21, 1918, .
Boston, Jan. 4, 1919, .
Pittsfield, Jan. 18, 1919,
Boston, Feb. 1, 1919, .
Springfield, Feb. 15, 1919, .
Boston, Mar. 1, 1919, .
Fall River, Mar. 15, 1919, .
Boston, Apr. 5, 1919, .
Worcester, Apr. 26, 1919,
Boston, May 3, 1919, .
Lowell, May 17, 1919, .
Boston, June 7, 1919, .
Pittsfield, June 21, 1919,
Boston, July 5, 1919, .
Boston, Sept. 6, 1919, '.
Springfield, Sept. 20, 1919, .
Boston, Oct. 4, 1919, .
Fall River, Oct. 18, 1919, .
Boston, Nov. 1, 1919, .
Worcester, Nov. 15, 1919,
Totals, .....
Examined.
Passed.
Refused.
41
11
29
4
54
26
68
18
70
25
69
6
91
16
89
102
35
84
17
58
33
36
9
20
1
41 ■
21
56
13
61
22
60
4
75
13
75
93
31
73
14
50
27
946
Licenses granted on account of examination Dec. 1,
1918, to Dec. 1, 1919.
Probationary licenses issued during year, .
Masters. | Journeymen.
45
105
2
Total.
150
198
STATE DEPARTIVIENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
December, 1918,
January, 1919,
February, 1919,
March, 1919, .
April, 1919,
May, 1919,
June, 1919,
July. 1919,
August, 1919, .
September, 1919,
October, 1919,
November, 1919,
Totals,
Meetings,
55
Examinations 21
Fees received.
945 examination fees, at S0.50,
53 master plumber licenses issued, at $2,
127 journeymen plumber licenses issued, at $0.50,
1,759 master plumber renewals issued, at SO. 50,
4,154 journeymen plumber renewals, at SO. 50,
Back fees, at SO. 50,
Total
Interest during May,
Interest during June
Paid to the
Treasurer of
the Common-
wealth.
8472 50
106 00
63 50
879 50
2,077 00
202 00
$3,800 50
1 94
1 07
$3,803 51
No. 34.]
EXAMINERS OF PLUMBERS.
199
For carrying out the Provisions of the Act relative to the Examination of Plumbers.
Salaries,
Examiners' wages,
Traveling, .
Express,
Printing,
Postage,
Books and stationery.
Plumbers' materials.
Extra services.
Cleaning,
Office supplies,
Telephone and lighting,
Total, .
Unexpended balance, .
Summary of Registrations.
$2,604 50
405 00
457 88
40 88
95 63
95 00
71 38
8 00
426 50
19 00
3 98
101 07
. $4,328 82
471 18
$4,800 00
Masters.
Journeymen.
Certificate holders (individuals) (holding journeymen, also, 311),
Licenses, year ending May 1, 1919 (individuals) (holding journeymen,
also, 1,539)
462
1,766
461
2,830
Totals
2,228
3,291
Ntimber of last master license issued up to Aug. 1, 1919, 2,761.
Number of last journeyman license issued up to Aug. 1, 1919, 6,403.
Masters,
Deceased Plumbers reported to Examiners.
8 1 JournejTnen, 5
Respectfully submitted,
JAMES C. COFFEY.
CHAS. R. FELTON.
DAVID CRAIG, Clerk.
PAPEES written in 1919 AND PAMPHLETS
ISSUED
[201]
Papers written in 1919 and Pamphlets issued.
Papers written by Members of the State Department of Health
DURING the Year 1919.
Division of Administration.
Eugene R. Kelley, M.D., Commissioner of Health.
, "Wliat has More Centrahzed Control to Offer in Solving the Tubercu-
losis Problem?" Transactions of the National Tuberculosis Societ}',
Sociological Section, Atlantic City, N. J., June, 1919.
"The Attack on the So-called Venereal Diseases." Transactions of the
Conference of Charities and Corrections, Portland, Me., September,
1919.
"Open-Air Schools." Transactions of the Maine Anti-tuberculosis Society,
Portland, Me., 1919.
"The State Chnics for the Treatment of Venereal Diseases." Boston
Medical and Surgical Journal, Sept. 11, 1919.
Eugene R. Kelley, M.D., and Stanley H. Osborn, M.D.
"Further Evidence as to the Relative Importance of Milk Infection in
the Transmission of Certain Communicable Diseases of Man." Ameri-
can Journal of Pubhc Health, 1920.
Division of Sanitary Engineering.
Mr. Bertram Brewer.
"Public Control over New Streets in Relation to Extension of Water
Mains." Journal of the New England Water W^orks Association, Vol.
XXXIII, No. 4, Section 1, December, 1919.
Division of Commxmicahle Diseases.
Bernard W. Carey, M.D.
"Lessons from a Study of 1,000 Diphtheria Deaths." Boston Medical
and Surgical Journal, Jan. 16, 1919.
Bernard W. Carey, M.D., and John S. Hitchcock, M.D.
"A Median Endemic Index." American Journal of Public Health, May,
1919.
204 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [Pub. Doc.
Stanley H. Osborn, JM.D.
"Scarlet Fever Wave in 1919." Boston Medical and Surgical Journal,
Dec. 4, 1919.
Division of Biologic Laboratories.
Milton J. Rosenau, M.D.
"Some Interesting though Unsuccessful Attempts to Transmit Influenza
Experimentally." United States Public Health Service Reports, 34,
No. 2, Jan. 10, 1919.
"All About Milk." Revised edition. Metropolitan Life Insurance Com-
pany, New York, 1919.
"Fallacies in the Diagnosis of 'Ptomaine' Poisoning." Medical Clinics,
North America, March, 1919.
"'Ptomaine' Poisoning." Journal of the American Medical Association,
March 8, 1919, p. 730.
"'Ptomaine' Poisoning." Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, Apr. 3,
1919, p. 398.
"Food Poisoning." American Journal of Public Health, September,
1919.
Wm. A. Hinton, M.D., and E. S. Kane, M.D.
"Use of Influenza Vaccine as a Prophylactic." The Commonhealth,
April, 1919. Journal of Tennessee State Medical Association, 1919.
Division of Food and Drugs.
Hermann C. Lythgoe, S.B.
"Violations of Massachusetts Cold Storage Egg Laws and Method of
Control." American Food Journal, January, 1919.
Mr. Clarence E. Marsh.
"Composition of Market Milk in Massachusetts." Annual Report, In-
ternational Association of Dairy and Milk Inspectors, 1919.
Division of Hygiene.
Merrill E. Champion, M.D., C.P.H.
"Health Centers for Pre-school Children." Standards of Child Welfare,
Conference Series, No. 1, Children's Bureau, United States Depart-
ment of Labor, 1919.
"Maternity Benefits." Transactions of American Child Hygiene Asso-
ciation, 1919.
No. 34.] PAPERS AND PAMPHLETS ISSUED. 205
Pamphlets issued by the State Department of Health.
Anthrax in Massachusetts. 19 pp.
Cancer. Facts which Every Adult should know. 1920.
Diphtheria Bulletin. (Leaflet.) 1919.
The Occurrence of Infantile Paralj^sis in Massachusetts in 1908. 26 pp.
Infantile Paralj^sis in Massachusetts in 1909. 105 pp.
Infantile Paralysis in Massachusetts, 1907-12. 151 pp.
Infantile Paralysis; Committee Report; State and Provincial Boards of Health.
8 pp. 1917.
The 1916 Epidemic of Poliomyelitis. 53 pp. 1919.
Influenza Bulletin. (Leaflet.) 1918.
The Control of Ophthahnia Neonatorum. 6 pp. 1917.
The Control of Typhoid Fever. 11 pp. 1911.
Antityphoid Inoculation; Tj^phoid Prophylactic. 12 pp. 1912.
The Venereal Diseases. 1918. 5 pp.
Report of State Board of Health upon the Sanitary Condition of Factories,
etc., 1907. 144 pp.
Sanitary Organization of Zone about the Mihtary Camp at Ayer, Mass. 4 pp.
1917.
The Abatement of Nuisances. 7 pp. 1913.
Nuisances and Boards of Health. (Massachusetts Association of Boards of
Health.) 5 pp. 1917.
Mosquitoes and Malaria. 1916. 3 pp.
Prevention of Flies. 7 pp. 1917.
Resume of the Present Status of Medical Supervision of School Children in
Massachusetts. 22 pp. 1917.
Posture and Its Relation to Health. 1919.
A Health Creed for Massachusetts Boys and Girls. (Card.) 1916.
The Baby and You. ReAased edition. 1920.
Care of the Child in Hot Weather. 1918. 7 pp. (Booklet, 3 by 5 inches.)
Diet No. 1. Diet for Baby from Birth to Twelve Months. (Card.) 1918.
Diet No. 2. Diet for Child from Twelve Months to End of Second Year.
(Card.) 1918.
Diet No. 3. Diet for Child from Three to Six Years. (Card.) 1918.
Food for Children from Two to Six Years Old. 15 pp. 1918.
Food for the Child. 7 pp. 1918.
Food Rules for School Children. (Card.) 1918.
Food: What it is and what it does. 7 pp. Revised edition. 1920.
Food and the Calorie. 7 pp. 1918.
Tissue-Forming Foods. 7 pp. 1918.
Fats and Their Value in the Diet. 8 pp. 1918.
Carbohydrate Foods. 8 pp. 1920.
The Importance of Minerals in the Diet. 1918.
A Few Simple Facts about Digestion. 7 pp. 1919.
Food for Working Women in Boston. 1917. 213 pp.
206 STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. [P. D. No. 34.
Report of the Special Milk Board of the Massachusetts State Department of
Health. 1916. 358 pp.
List of Illustrated Lectures and Moving Pictures on Public Health Work.
Revised edition. 1920.
Health Habits. 1919.
The Importance of Mouth Cleanliness. 1919.
The Home Care of the Mouth. 1919.
Do You Know That — (Mouth Hygiene.) 1920.
School Health Program. 1919.
Ways in which the State Department of Health Can Aid You. 1919.
The School Lunch. 1920.
Suggested List of Books on Hygiene for the Town Library. 1920.
INDEX
[2071
INDEX.
Abington, water supply-
Accord Pond, analysis of water
Actinomycosis
Activated sludge
Agitation of, without air
Purification of sewage by aeration
Activities, special, of Division of Communicable Diseases
Acton, water supply
Adams, water supply .
Administration, Di^asion of .
Agitation of activated sludge without air
Amesbury, water supply
Amethyst Brook reservoirs, analysis of water
Amherst, water supply
Andover, water supply
Anterior poliomyelitis .
Anthrax .....
Antimeningitis horses .
Antimeningitis horse tapping
Antimeningitis serum .
Antipneumococcus horses
Antipneumococcus serum tapping
Antitoxin and Vaccine Laboratory
Antimeningitis horses
Antimeningitis horse tapping .
Antimeningitis serum
Antipneumococcus horses
Antipneumococcus serum tapping
Calves inoculated and vaccine ^^rus produced
Concentrated diphtheria antitoxin
Diphtheria horses
Diphtheria horse tapping
Diphtheria toxin .
General distribution of diphtheria toxin-antitoxin mixture
General distribution of Schick toxin outfits
Normal diphtheria antitoxin .
Pneumococcus serum ....
Typhoid and paratyphoid prophylactic output by months
Vaccine virus, output by months
Appropriations .
Emergency appropriations
Regular appropriations .
Special appropriations .
Ashliurnham, water supply .
Ashljy Reservoir, analysis of water
Ashfield, water supply
150,
PAGE
44
45
), 151, 168
103
104
103
138
48
44
15
104
48
44
44
44
150,151, 168
150, 151, 168
174
174
174
175
175
173
174
174
174
175
175
176
173
174
174
175
175
175
173
174
177
176
26
27
27
27
44
45
44
210
INDEX.
Ashland Reservoir, analysis of water
Ashland, water supply
Ashley Brook, analysis of water
Assabet River, examination of
Assawompsett Pond, analysis of water
Athol, water supply
Attleboro, water supply
Avon, water supply
Ayer, water supply
Bacterial quality of shellfish, investigations in regard to the
Bacteriological Laboratory .
Examinations made
Biological products distributed
Diagnostic outfits distributed
Barnstable, water supply
Barre, water supply ....
Basin Pond Brook, analysis of water
Bassett Brook, analysis of water .
Beaman Reservoir, analysis of water
Bear Hole Brook, analysis of filtered water
Bear Swamp Brook, analysis of water .
Bedford, water supply
Big Sandy Pond, analysis of water
Billerica, water supply
Biologic Laboratories, Di^^sion of
Antitoxin and Vaccine Laboratory .
Report of Division of . . ''.
Wassermann Laboratory
Biological products distributed by Bacteriological Laboratory
Birch Reservoir, analysis of water
Black Brook, analysis of water
Blackstone River, examination of .
Blandford, water supply
Bondsville (Palmer) water supply
Bottomly Reservoir, analysis of water
Braintree, water supply
Breed's Reservoir, analysis of water
Bridgewater, water supply .
Brockton, water supply
Brookfield (East), water supply
Brookline, water supply
Buckman Brook Reservoir, analysis of water
Buttery Brook Reservoir, analysis of water
Cady Brook, analysis of water
Cambridge, water supply
Cancer control
Canton, water supply .
Cape Pond, analysis of water
Charles River, analysis of filtered water
Examination of .
Chelmsford (Center) , water supply
Chelmsford (North), water supply
Cheshire, water supply
Chestnut Hill Reservoir, analysis of water
INDEX.
211
Chicken pox .....
Chicopee River, examination of
Chieopee, water supply
Chicopee (Fairview), water supply
Child hygiene and infant mortality
Chlorination .....
Codding Brook reservoirs, analysis of water
Cohasset, water supply
Cold Brook Reservoir, analysis of water
Cold-storage statistics ....
Articles ordered removed from storage
Requests for extension of time granted
Requests for extension of time not granted
Requests for permission to remove granted
Collinsville (Dracut) , water supply
Colrain, water supply .....
Commissioner of Health, report of
Communicable diseases: —
Case rate and death rates per 100,000 of population
Cases reported ....
Deaths reported ....
Disease table ....
Incidence of, by months
Communicable Diseases, Di\'ision of
Activities of, special
Bacteriological Laboratory, work of
Dispensaries, inspection of
Epidemiologist, report of, for j'ear ending Nov. 30, 1919
Hospitals, inspection of
Jails and lock-ups, inspection of
Personnel, changes in
Recommendations
Report of .
Rules and regulations, new, affecting the division
Tuberculosis, work of subdivision of
Venereal diseases, work of subdivision of
Concord, water supply
Concord River, examination of
Connecticut River, examination of
Cook Allen Reservoir, analysis of water
Cooley Brook (Chicopee), analysis of water
Cooley Brook (Longmeadow), analysis of water
Crystal Lake (Gardner), analysis of water
Crystal Lake (Haverhill), analysis of water
Crystal Lake (Wakefield) , analysis of water
Dalton, water supply .
Danvers, water supply
Dedham, water supply
Deerfield (Fire District), water supply
Deerfield (South), water supply
Deerfield River, examination of
Dewatering with a centrifugal machine
Experiments with sewage sludge
Diagnostic outfits distributed by Bacteriological Laboratory
Dike's Brook Reservoir, analysis of water
150, 151, 156
71,72
44
49
10
111
45
49
45
126
126
126, 127
126
126
49
44
3
150
150, 153, 156
150, 153, 156
156
151
19
138
134
135
140
135
136
137
140
133
139
136
137
44
73,74
75
46.
44
46.
45'
45
47
44
44
49
49
44
75,76
100
100
135
45
212
INDEX.
Diphtheria ....
Outbreaks of . . .
Disease prevalence
Diseases on premises of milk handlers
Diseases, relative occurrence of principal reportable
Dispensaries, inspection of .
Doane Pond, analysis of water
Dog bite ......
Douglas, water supply
Dow's Brook Reservoir, analysis of water
Dracut (Collinsville), water supply
Dracut (Water Supply District) , water supply
Dry Brook, analysis of water
Dudley, water supply ....
Duxbury, water supply
Dysentery ......
East Brookfield (Brookfield) , water supply
Easthampton, water supply .
East Mountain Reservoir, analysis of water
Easton, water supply ....
Edgartown, water supply
Educational work of Division of Hygiene
Egremont (South) , water supply .
Egypt Brook Reservoir, analysis of water
Elder's Pond, analysis of water
Emergency appropriations .
Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis
Epidemics, outbreaks and
Epidemiologist, report of, for year ending Nov. 30, 1919
Diphtheria, outbreaks of
Diseases on premises of milk handlers
Diseases, relative occurrence of principal reportable
Interstate and international reciprocal notification
Measles, outbreaks of
Outbreaks and epidemics
Scarlet fever, outbreaks of
Typhoid bacilli carriers .
Typhoid fever, outbreaks of
Whooping cough, outbreaks of
Examinations made by Bacteriological Laboratory .
Exhibit at agricultural fairs .....
Exhibit at health weeks and health days
Expansion of Division of Hygiene for coming year .
Expenditures .......
Emergency appropriations ....
W^ork in connection with the epidemic of influenza
Recapitulation ......
Emergency appropriations .
Regular appropriations
Special appropriations
Regular appropriations .
Division of Administration
Division of Communicable Diseases
Division of Food and Drug Inspection
Division of Hygiene .
pneumonia
150,
PAGE
150, 151, 156
145
5
140, 149
141
135
46
), 151, 168
49
45
49
49
44
49
49
150, 151, 169
48
49
45
49
49
185
44
44
47
27
, 151, 156
140
140
145
140, 149
141
140
143
140, 143
144
141
147
144
134
190
190
190
27
33
33
34
34
34
34
27
27
28
30
28
150
INDEX.
213
Expenditures — Concluded.
Regular appropriations — Concluded.
Division of Water Supply and Sewage Disposal
Investigations relative to the causes of cancer
Manufacture and distribution of arsphenamine
Production and distribution of antitoxin and vaccine lymph
State Examiners of Plumbers
Extension of time granted for goods in cold storage
Extension of time not granted for goods in cold storage
Factory wastes, investigations in regard to
Fairhaven, water supply
Fairview (Chicopee), water supply
Fall Brook Reservoir, analysis of water
Fall River, water supply
Falmouth, water supply
Falulah Brook, analysis of water .
Farnham Reservoir, analysis of water
Fiftieth anniversary of organized public health work in Massachusetts
Filtering material, the depth of, and trickling filter efficiency
Filters, Lawrence city .......
Filters: —
Intermittent sand, operated with untreated sewage
Lawrence city
Trickling, operation of .
Filters, trickling, operation of
Filtration, chlorination
Fitchburg, water supply
Flow of streams ....
Fomer Reservoir, analysis of water
Food and Drugs, Di\'ision of
Cold-storage statistics .
Requests for extension of time granted
Summary ......
Articles ordered removed from storage
Requests for extension of time granted
Requests for extension of time not granted
Requests for permission to remove granted
Report of .
Food and its relationship to health
Foxborough, water supply
Fox Brook, analysis of water
Framingham, water supply .
Framingham reservoirs, analysis of water
Franklin, water supply
Freeland Brook, analysis of water
French River, examination of
Fresh Pond, analysis of water
Gardner, water supply
Gates Pond, analysis of water
German measles ....
Glen Brook Lower Reservoir, analysis of water
Gloucester, water supply
Gonorrhea .....
Goodale Brook, analysis of water .
Grafton, water supply .
150,
150,
214
INDEX.
Granville, water supply ....
Gravel Pond, analysis of water
Great Barrington, water supply
Great Barrington (Housatonic), water supply
Great Pond (North Andover), analysis of water
Great Pond (Randolph), analysis of water
Great Pond (Weymouth), analysis of water
Great Quittacas Pond, analysis of water
Great South Pond, analysis of water
Greenfield, water supply
Green River, analysis of water
Groton, water supply ....
Groton (West Groton Water Supply District), water supply
Hadley, water supply ....
Haggett's Pond, analysis of water
Hart's Brook Reservoir, analysis of water
Haskell Brook Reservoir, analysis of water
Hatchet Brook reservoirs, analysis of water
Hatfield, water supply
Hathaway Brook, analysis of water
Haverhill, water supply
Hawkes Reservoir, analysis of water
Haynes Reservoir, analysis of water
Hicks Spring, analysis of water
Hingham, water supply
Hinsdale, water supply
Holden reservoirs, analysis of water
Holliston, water supply
Holyoke, water supply
Hoosick River, examination of
Hopkinton, water supply
Hopkinton Reservoir, analysis of water .
Hospitals, inspection of . . .
Housatonic (Great Barrington), water supply
Housatonic River, examination of
Hudson, water supply .
Huntington, water supply
Hygiene, Division of
Lines of work
Cancer control .
Educational work
Exhibit at agricultural fairs
Exhibit at health weeks and health days
Expansion for the coming year
Food and its relationship to health
Investigations made .
Lectures given .
Mouth hygiene .
Public health nursing
Surveys made
Personnel, changes in
Report of .
Infant mortalitj' and child hygiene
Influenza .....
Intermittent sand filters operated with untreated sewage
INDEX.
215
Interstate and international reciprocal notification
Investigations made by Division of Hygiene
Ipswich, water supply .
Jails and lock-ups, inspection of
Johnson's Pond, analysis of water
Jonathan Pond, analysis of water
Kenoza Lake, analysis of water
Kent Reservoir, analysis of water
Kingston, water supply
Kitchen Brook, analysis of water
Laboratory problem
Lake Averic, analysis of water
Lake Cochituate, analysis of water
Lake Pentucket, analysis of water
Lake Pleasant, analysis of water .
Lake Saltonstall, analysis of water
Lake Williams, analysis of water .
Lawrence, city filters .
Lawrence, water supply
Leaping Well Reservoir, analysis of water
Lectures given during 1919 .
Lee, water supply
Legislation recommended
Legislative acts, work required by special
Leicester, water supply
Leicester (Cherry Valley and Rochdale Water Supply District)
Leicester Reservoir, analysis of water
Lenox, water supply
Leominster, water supply
Leprosy .....
Lincoln, water supply .
Little Quittacas Pond, analysis of water
Little South Pond, analysis of water
Littleton, water supply
Lobar pneumonia
Lock-ups and jails, inspection of .
Longham Reservoir, analysis of water
Longmeadow, water supply .
Long Pond (Falmouth), analysis of water
Long Pond (Great Barrington), analysis of water-
Lowell, water supply .
Lower Hobbs Brook Reservoir, analysis of water
Lynn, water supply
Malaria .....
Manchester, water supply
Mann Reservoir, analysis of water
Mansfield, water supply
Marblehead, water supply .
Marion, water supply .
Marlborough, water supply .
Marshfield, water supply
Mattapoisett, water supply .
Maynard, water supply
water supply
PAGE
140
184
45
136
45
47
45
48
49
44
11
47
43
45
46
45
46
113
45
47
190
45
15
42
49
49
48
45
45,46
151, 169
46
46
47
49
151, 156
136
47
46
44
45
49
44
46
150, 151, 169
46,49
48
49
50
50
46
50
50
46
150,
150,
216
INDEX.
McClellan Reservoir, analysis of water .
Measles ......
Outbreaks of ....
Medfield, water supply
Med way, water supply
Meetinghouse Pond, analysis of water .
Merrimac, water supply
Merrimack River, analysis of filtered water
Examination of .
Flow of .... .
Methuen, water supply
Metropolitan Water District, water supply
Middleborough, water supply
Middleton Pond, analysis of water
Milford, water supply ....
Millbury, water supply
Miller's River, examination of
Millham Brook Reservoir, analysis of water
MUlis, water supply ....
Mnivale Reservoir, analysis of water
Monson, water supply
Montague, water supply
Montgomery Reservoir, analysis of water
Morse Reservoir, analysis of water
Mountain Street Reservoir, analysis of water
Mouth hygiene .....
Muddy Pond Brook, analysis of water .
Mumps ......
Muschopauge Lake, analysis of water
Nagog Pond, analysis of water
Nantucket, water supply
Nashua River, examination of
Flow of . . .
Rainfall on drainage area
Natick, water supply .
National health problems
Needham, water supply
Neponset River, examination of
New Bedford, water supply .
Newbur^TJort, water supply .
Newton, water supply .
North Adams, water supply
Northampton, water supply
North Andover, water supply
North Attleborough, water supply
Northborough, water supply
Northbridge, water supply .
North Brookfield, water supply
North Chelmsford (Chelmsford), water supply
Northfield, water supply
North Pond, analysis of water
North Watuppa Lake, analysis of water
Norton, water supply .
Norwood, water supply
Notch Brook Reservoir, analysis of water
PAGE
44
150, 151, 156
143
50
50
44
50
45
79
6.3
50
43
50
44
46
50
79
46
50
45
50
46
47
45
46
183
47
), 151, 157
47
44
46
80
60, 65, 66
62
50
13
50
81
46
50
50
46
46
46
50
46
46
46
48
46
46
44
50
50
46
150,
INDEX.
21:
Health during 1919
Oak Bluffs, water supply
Onset (Wareham), water supply
Ophthalmia neonatorum ......... 150,
Orange, water supply .
Organization, changes in
Outbreaks and epidemics
Oxford, water supply .
Palmer, water supply .
Palmer (Bondsville), water supply
Pamphlets issued by State Department of Health
Papers written by members of State Department of
Papers written in 1919 and pamphlets issued
Peabody, water supply
Pellagra ............ 150
Pepperell, water supply
Personnel, changes in: —
Division of Communicable Diseases
Di\asion of Hygiene
Phillipston Reservoir, analysis of water
Pittsfield, water supply
Plainville, water supply
Plumbers, report of State Examiners of
Plumbing Board ....
Plymouth, water supply
Pneumonia, lobar .......... 150
ProvincetowB, water supply
Public Health Council, report of
Public health nursing .
Purification of sewage by aeration
Activated sludge .
Quaboag River, examination of
Quinebaug River, examination of
Rabies . . . 150, 152,
Rainfall in Massachusetts
Rainfall on Nashua River drainage area
Rainfall on Sudbury River drainage area
Randolph, water supply
Reading, water supply
Recommendations of Di\'ision of Communicable Diseases
Recovery of sediment from trickling filter effluents, experiments upon the
Regular appropriations
Reportable diseases, cases and deaths, with case and death rates
Rivers, examination of
Roaring Brook, analysis of water .
Rockport, water supply
Rules and regulations, new, affecting the Di\-ision of Communicable Diseases
Running Gutter Brook Reservoir, analysis of water
Russell, water supply .....
Rutland, water supply ....
Sacket Brook, analysis of water
Salem, water supply .....
Salisbury, water supply ....
PAGE
50
47
151, 157
46
4
140
50
46
50
205
203
203
46
, 151, 169
50
137
181
44
46,47
50
197
12
47
, 151, 156
50
1
182
103
103
72
81
170
56
62
59
47
50
140
109
27
150
66
44
47
139
45
47
47
46
47
50
218
INDEX.
Sandy Pond, analysis of water
Sanitary Engineering, Division of .
Report of .
Scarlet fever ....
Outbreaks of . . .
Scituate, water supply
Scott Reservoir, analysis of witer
Septic sore throat
Sewage, purification of, by aeration
Self-purification of quiescent .
Untreated, intermittent sand filters operated with
Sewage disposal works, examination of
Sewage sludge, experiments with .
Dewatering with a centrifugal machine
Stabilizing, by oxidation with nitrates from sewage filter effluents
Sharon, water supply .
Shaw Pond, analysis of water
Sheffield, water supply
Shelburne, water supply
Shirley, water supply .
Shrewsbury, water supply
Silver Lake, analysis of water
Smallpox .....
Snake Brook Reservoir, analysis of water
Southbridge, water supply ....
South Deerfield (Deerfield), water supply
South Egremont (Egremont) , water supply
South Hadley, water supply
South Hadley (Fire District No. 2), water supply
Special appropriations .....
Spencer, water supply .....
Spot Pond, analysis of water
Spring Pond, analysis of water
Springfield, water supply ....
Stabilizing sewage sludge by oxidation with nitrates from
Stockbridge, water supply
Stony Brook Reservoir, analysis of water
Stoughton, water supply
Streams, flow of .
Sudbury Reservoir, analysis of water
Sudbury River, examination of
Flow of .... .
Rainfall on drainage area
Suntaug Lake, analysis of water .
Supplement .....
Surveys made by Division of Hygiene .
Swift River, examination of .
Syphilis ......
Taunton, water supply
Taunton River, examination of
Ten Mile River, examination of
Tetanus ......
Thunder Brook, analysis of water
Tillotson Brook Reservoir, analysis of water
Tisbury, water supply ....
sewage filter effluents
150
150
152
150
PAGE
46
16
39
, 152, 157
144
50
44
157
103
104
109
S3
100
100
102
50
47
51
47
51
51
44
, 152, 170
47
47
44
44
47
51
27
47
.43
46
47
102
47
44
47
57
43
73
57, 65, 66
59
46
35
184
72
150, 152, 157
47
82
82
150, 152, 170
44
47
61
INDEX.
219
Trachoma .
Trichinosis
Trickling filter efficiency, the depth of filtering material and
Trickling filter effluents, experiments upon the recovery of sediment
Trickling filters, operation of
Tuberculosis, other forms
Tuberculosis, pulmonary
Tuberculosis, subdivision of
Typhoid bacilli carriers
Typhoid fever
Outbreaks of
Upper Naukeag Lake, analysis of water
Uxbridge, water supply
Venereal diseases, subdivision of .
Volunteer health agencies, co-operation with
Wachusett Lake, analysis of water
Wachusett reservoirs, analysis of water
Wakefield, water supply
Walden Reservoir, analysis of water
Wallace Reservoir, analysis of water
Walpole, water supply
Waltham, water supply
Wannacomet Pond, analysis of water
Ware, water supply
Ware River, examination of .
Wareham (Fire District), water supply
Wareham (Onset), water supply .
Warren (West), water supply
Wasserraann Laboratory
Water, consumption of, in cities and towns
Water and Sewage Laboratories, Di^'ision of
Report of .
Water supplies : —
Analyses of ground-water sources
Analyses of surface-water sources
Sanitary protection of public .
Water supply investigation .
Water supply statistics
Wayland, water supply
Webster, water supply
Wellesley, water supply
Wenham Lake, analysis of water .
Westborough, water supply .
West Brookfield, water supply
Westfield, water supply
Westfield Little River, analysis of filtered wat
Westfield River, examination of
Westford, water supply
Weston, water supply .
Weston Reservoir, analysis of water
West Springfield, water supply
West Warren (Warren), water supply
Weymouth, water supply
from
220
INDEX.
White Pond, analysis of water
White Reservoir, analysis of water
Whiting Street Reservoir, analysis of water
Whooping cough
Outbreaks of
Williamsburg, water supply
Williamstown, water supply
Winchendon, water supply
Winchester, water supply
Woburn, water supply
Worcester, water supply
Worthington, water supply
Wrentham, water supply
Wright and Ashley Pond, analysis of water
150,
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152, 157
144
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47
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47,48
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45
Date Due
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