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REPORT
RELATING TO
LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
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Digitized by the Internet Archive
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http://www.archive.org/details/annualreportoftr06stat
EIGHT H
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL
AT WORCESTER.
DECEMBER. 1840.
^0 IS ton:
BUTTON AND WENTWORTH, STATE PRINTERS;
1841.
EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT
TRUSTEES OF THE STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
DECEMBER, 1840.
To His Excellence/, Marcus Morton, Governor, and the Honorable
Council of the Commonwealth of 31assachusctts :
The Trustees of the State Lunatic Hospital respectfully present their
Eighth Annual
t
11 E P O U T :
In reviewing the last year, the trustees feel it to be a grateful duty
to acknowledge the continued smiles of Providence upon that great
enterprise of humanity, which has been going on with such happy
results for eight years past in the State Lunatic Hospital. This glori-
ous enterprise, conceived in a spirit of true philanthropy, and sus-
tained by a humane public sentiment, has, by its beneficent influences,
so reacted upon the public mind, and enlightened it, that a great change
has already taken place in public opinion with regard to the nature and
treatment of insanity. A generation has not yet passed away since
insanity was regarded as synonymous with demonomy : and hence the
neglect or cruel treatment of the insane. The idea that human skill
was unavailing in a disordered mind was not confined to the unenlight-
ened merely. Physicians and learned men either concurred in the
sentiment, or were controlled by it. Under these views, the great
object was to protect the community from those who were supposed to
be "possessed," and confinement in darkness, dungeons and caves,
away from the pleasant light of heaven, the beauty of earth, and the
4 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
cheerful face of man — with terror, blows and chains — these were the
means employed in those dark days of error and superstition. But
more enlightened views, and the brilliant light thrown on the brain by
modern science, and consequently on the doctrine of mental pheno-
mena, have greatly dispelled these illusions, and a derangement of the
intellectual functions is now regarded as disease — disease, indeed, in-
volving the higher faculties of man — but yet susceptible of successful
treatment by means in delightful accordance with the benevolence of
the divine Author of the mind, and means which he has graciously
committed to his chosen ministers here on earth.
The design of the State Lunatic Hospital, and the plan of treatment
pursued in it, furnish a beautiful illustration of the successful results
of the humane care and management of the insane.
The Hospital building is a grand edifice, located in the heart of the
Commonwealth, a fit emblem of the noble heart of the people, who
generously founded and endowed it, — spacious in its dimensions — as
well ventilated, warmed, and supplied with pure water, and every other
necessary and comfort of life, as any public institution in the whole
world — with an infirmary for the sick, and a chapel for religious w-or-
ship — with comfortable and airy apartments for the inmates, always
kept clean and neat — with lofty open halls for their recreation and ex-
ercise, surrounded with ample grounds, and walks, and trees — placed
on a high hill in full view of the magnificent amphitheatre of cultivated
and ornamented highlands, which overlook and surround the beautiful
town of Worcester — thus affording to the inmates of the hospital, a
constant view of scenes well adapted to soothe, to delight and tranquil-
lize their troubled minds. In this blessed refuge of mercy, for eight
years past, the ministrations of humanity have been dispensed to more
than eleven hundred and ninety of our unfortunate brethren, afflicted
with all the various and terrible forms of mental malady — and, during
the whole period, not a blow has been struck, not a chain has been
used, nor a harsh word spoken, nor a hard look given. Every thing
has been done by the intelligence, benevolence and firmness of the
master mind of that extraordinary man, who superintends and sways,
with consummate skill, the discordant elements over which he presides,
and who has raised the reputation of the State Lunatic Hospital to the
rank of a model institution, alike admirable for its humanity, econo-
my and success.
On the first day of December, the trustees went through the Hospi-
tal thoroughly. The examination was highly satisfactory. The pa-
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 5
tients were very quiet — all of them clean and comfortable — and a
large proportion of them appeared happy. The interesting report and
statistical tables prepared by Dr. Woodward, and herewith annexed,
present so accurate a view of the present state of the Hospital, that
the trustees will give only a general outline. There have been in the
Hospital in the course of the year, 891 patients ; 190 males, 201 fe-
males. There have been admitted 162 ; 75 males, 87 females. There
remained at the end of the year, 236 patients ; 122 males, 114 females.
Of which, 208 are old cases, and 28 recent cases, 105 cases have been
sent by the courts, 48 by friends, and 9 by Overseers of the Poor.
There have been 30 foreigners, and 19 persons belonging to other
States, in the Hospital the past year. There have been applications
not received, 99 ; 58 of which, were citizens of this State. There
have been discharged from the Hospital during the year, 155 persons;
82 of which, were recovered, 29 improved, 29 discharged for want of
room or harmless, 15 have died. Of the 82 recovered, 64 were recent
cases, and IS old cases; the whole number of recent cases discharged,
is 70. The per cent, of recoveries of the recent cases discharged, is
91^ per cent ; the per cent, of all the cases discharged, is about 53
per cent. The striking difference in the per centage of recoveries be-
tween recent and old cases, is shown in a very interesting light in Dr.
Woodward's Report, and is a fact of vast practical importance, which
cannot be too often, nor too strongly pointed out to the public eye.
During the last year, a fire engine has been purchased at the cost of
$150. It proves to be an excellent one, is well managed by the pa-
tients, and with an abundant supply of water from the great cistern in
the back yard, is used to great advantage for various purposes of clean-
liness, and may be regarded as an efficient security for the Hospital in
case of fire.
The labor department has been continued the past year with
increased evidences of its utility. The produce of the farm is esti-
mated at f 1,887 89, exclusive of the fine live stock on hand; great
judgment and industry have been shown, in clearing and walling in,
manuring and irrigating, and increasing the produce of the lands,
showing that Mr. Ellis is en excellent farmer, as well as an excellent
steward. The value of shoes rr anufactured, is about $900. A great
amount of useful labor is daily performed by the patients in the house
and about the premises, and during the year extensive improvements
have been made, and the grove has been ornamented with paths and
walks, and the surface made smooth and beautiful. But the true value
6 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
of labor is to be estimated by a higher standard than money. Labor
is the health of the mind. It is that power in man, which unfolds and
directs his capacities, and thus reveals and secures the sources of his
happiness. The man who labors, shares first and largest in the fruits of
his own toil, for, in every condition of human life, useful employment is
the surest enjoyment, the best security of a " sound mind in a sound
body." In a disordered state of mind, judicious occupation is among
the best remedies, and agricultural and horticultural occupations are
among the best of all. " Grain and fruit are God's bounty, the flow-
ers are his smiles." This beautiful thought of the poet, may come over
the troubled mind, when engaged in the field or the garden, in the midst
of Heaven's gifts, with a divine power to dispel gloom, and infuse
hope and peace and joy. The experiment of cultivating the gardens,
and tilling the soil by the patients, has proved so beneficial to them,
that the Trustees regard it as true humane economy, to purchase more
land adjoining the Hospital farm, whenever favorable opportunities may
oiTer. Another barn is now much needed for the use of the Hospital.
The Report of the Treasurer, presents a clear, full, and satisfactory
statement of the fiscal concerns of the Hospital.
It appears that the amount of cash on hand, December
1st, 1839, and receipts from all sources, from Decem-
ber 1st, 1839, to November 30th, 1840, inclusive, is 130,046 16
The amount of expenditure during the same term, is 27,844 98
The amount of cash on hand, December 1st, 1840, 2,201 18
30 046 16
It appears that the cost of supporting the Hospital, ex-
clusive of salaries paid from the State Treasury, was,
for the year ending November 30th, 1839, 29,474 41
For the year ending November 30th, 1840, 27,844 98
Difference, 1,629 48
The amount of cost of supporting the Hospital for 1840, $27,844 98,
divided by the average number of patients, 229, gives as the cost of
supporting each patient, a fraction less than $2.33 per week. This is
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 7
something less than the present charge. But as there is some uncer-
tainty in regard to the future price of supplies, — as great inconvenience
has been experienced on account of the crowded state of the Hospital,
and as the present price of board is so very reasonable — the Trustees
have decided to continue the same price of 2.50 per week for each
patient, for the coming year, except in cases in which for special rea-
sons it is enlarged or abated.
Religious services have been regularly performed on the Sabbath
in the chapel, during the past year, with gratifying confirmation of the
good effect of public worship on the patients. The same blessed in-
fluences of Christianity, which, in the days of its divine Author,
brought quietly to his feet, " sitting and clothed in his right mind,"
the wild maniac, who had " plucked asunder his chains, and was al-
ways, night and day, in the mountains, crying and cutting himself with
stones, and no man could tame him," — this same blessed religion of
love and mercy, by the labors of its faithful ministers, still continues
to exert its healing and soothing power over the troubled soul. At
the present time, the religious duties of the chapel are performed in a
very acceptable manner by the Rev. George Allen. At the meeting of
the Trustees on the first of December, Mr. King, a member of the
board, presented a copy of the will of the late Mrs. Martha Johonnot,
of Salem, containing the following clause: " I give, bequeath and de-
vise all the residue of said estate, real and personal, to the Board of
Trustees of the State Lunatic Hospital at Worcester, and their suc-
cessors forever, upon the special trust and confidence, that they shall
invest the same, and expend the annual income thereof, or so much
thereof, as may be necessary for the relief and support of such poor
insane persons as may, from time to time, be committed to said Hos-
pital from the several towns in the county of Essex in said state — and
who may, in the judgment of said Trustees, be unable to support them-
selves therein — and if, from any cause whatever, the foregoing devise,
for the benefit of such poor insane persons, cannot take effect consist-
ently with the rules of law, I then give and devise all the residue of
said estate, real and personal, to said Board of Trustees, and their suc-
cessors in trust, for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, to be used
and improved for the maintenance of insane persons, and for the ben-
efit of the institution."
By the fourth section ofthe forty-eighth chapter ofthe Revised Statutes,
it appears that " the Trustees may take and hold, in trust for the Com-
monwealth, any grant or devise of lands, and any donation or bequest
8 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
of money, or other personal property, to be applied to the maintenance
of insane persons, and the general use of the said institution." Upon
examination of the law, it appears very doubtful whether the Trustees
of the State Lunatic Hospital are authorized to accept this bequest for
such special purposes — separate from the "general use of said institu-
tion," and furthermore, it seems to be impracticable to carry into
effect the benevolent design of the donor in favor of poor insane persons
in the county of Essex. An attempt to execute this provision of the
will would involve the Trustees in a joint trust, with all the overseers
of the poor in all the towns in the county of Essex ! ! It is proper
here to state, that, in Mrs. Johonnot's will, there are several annuities
to be provided for — and the mode by which these shall be adjusted,
will materially affect the amount of the residue of the estate. After
careful reflection, the subject of Mrs. Jolwnnot's will is respectfully
submitted. In conclusion, it only remains for the Trustees to ex-
press their grateful conviction, that the Superintendent and his faith-
ful assistant Dr. Chandler, together with the steward and matron,
and, indeed, all the attendants in the various departments of duty,
have given full proof of the faithful performance of the arduous
and responsible duties of this great institution of humanity — an in-
stitution preeminent among the noble charities which distinguish and
bless our age, and which are alike deserving the fostering care of
an enlightened government, and the generous support of a humane
people.
ABM. R. THOMPSON,
A. D. FOSTER,
MATURIN L. FISHER,
DANIEL P. KING,
HENRY GARDNER,
Tmstees.
December \$t, 1840.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
TREASURER'S REPORT
To His Excellency Marcus Morton, Governor, and to the Honorable
Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
The Treasurer of the State Lunatic Hospital, respectfully presents
his Eighth Annual Report.
The Treasurer charges himself, from December 1, 1839, to Novem-
ber 30th, 1840, inclusive, as follows :
For cash on hand, December 1, 1839, bal-
ance of last account, - - . |3,797 68
For receipts from Cities, Towns, and indi-
viduals, 25,729 80
For credits on sundry bills, for shoes, flour
barrels, grease, ashes, old iron, pigs, 2
cows and various other things, - - 518 68
$30,046 16
He credits himself, as follows :
For payments for Improvements and Repairs, 957 43
" " " Salaries, Wages and Labor, 7,030 50
" " " Furniture and Bedding, 1,482 57
" Clothing, Linen, &c. 1,625 27
" Fuel and Lights, 3,822 13
" " " Provisions and Groceries, 11,081 09
" " " Medical Supplies, 802 91
" Hay, $84 24, Straw, $94 52, 178 76
" " " Miscellaneous, 864 32
Cash on hand, balance to new account, 2,201 18
$30,046 16
Deducting the balance on hand, - ■ 2,201 18
The cost of supporting the Institution for
the year, appears to be - - - $27,844 98
The item of furniture is increased by the cost of a fire engine,
which the Trustees thought requisite for the protection of the build-
ings, as well as for other purposes ; and by the repairs or re-placing of
articles injured, or worn with several years' use.
The item of clothing, linen, &lc., includes, as usual, the stock of
the shoe shop, purchased within the year.
2
10
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
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STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
13
Provisions and Grocei'ies include
Apples, pean
3, peaches, berries, grapes, raisins, lemons.
oranges,
-
.
-
-
$462 56
Spices, salt.
and sm
lall groceries.
-
-
146 46
Soap,
-
-
-
277 85
Honey
-
142^ lbs.
-
-
12 75
Vinegar and Cider,
11^ barrels.
4 bottles
J
45 50
Milk,
-
1,486 quarts,
-
73 67
Beans,
'-
3S bushels,
-
-
75 75
Peas,
-
6 14-32 bushels,
-
-
15 71
Eggs,
-
- 457 7-12 dozen.
-
-
68 14
Butter,
-
8,831 11-16 lbs.
-
-
1,578 12
Cheese,
-
8,424 8-16 lbs.
-
-
760 58
Tea,
-
644 lbs.
-
-
295 23
Coffee,
-
1,363 lbs.
-
-
145 46
Brown Sugar
>
9,654 lbs.
-
-
773 21
Loaf Sugar,
- 609 13-16 lbs.
-
»
70 93
Molasses,
-
631 gallons,
-
-
208 71
Rye,
-
216^- bushels.
-
-
203 58
Corn,
-
935^ bushels.
-
-
843 80
Oats,
-
218^ bushels,
-
-
99 83
Barley,
-
24 bushels,
-
-
20
Biscuit,
-
-
-
-
126
Potatoes,
^
1,374 bushels.
-
-
394 89
Rice,
-
1,852 lbs.
-
-
72 49
Flour,
-
246.^^ barrels.
'
-
1,552 93
Poultry,
'
- 750 12-16 lbs.
-
-
71 66
Mackerel,
-
2^ barrels.
'
-
32 25
Fresh Fish,
-
1,284 lbs. 40 shad, oysters and clams.
96 39
Salt Fish,
-
5,239 lbs.
-
-
150 82
Ham,
-
907 lbs.
»
-
103 48
Tripe,
-
334 lbs.
-
-
31 56
Beef,
-
20,692 8-16 lbs.
-
-
1,472 72
Sausages,
-
- 304 4-16 lbs.
-
.
33 21
Pork,
-
1,732 lbs.
-
-
131 26
Salt Pork,
-
8 barrels,
-
-
149 00
Mutton and Lamb,
2,441 lbs.
-
-
202 37
14
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
Salt beef,
Veal,
Liver,
Smoked Beef,
Tongues and Sounds,
Salmon,
1 barrel, lbs,
3,439 lbs.
52 lbs.
- 1 barrel,
- 1 barrel, No. 1,
20
59
228 40
25
5
98
7 00
20
00
$11,081
09
Wood,
Charcoal,
Anthracite,
Oil,
Candles,
Wicking,
Peat,
Fuel and Lights include
609 cords, 5 feet, 10 inches, 2,872 70
1,698 J bushels, - - 184 68
64,500 lbs. - - 358 38
333 gallons, - - 377 04
47^- lbs. - - 20 34
99
- 2 cords, - - 8 00
J,822 13
The amount of wood in the account this year is larger than usual,
because of contracts not fulfilled at the close of last year. The aver-
age amount for each of the three years that both wings of the Hospi-
tal have been occupied, is 503 cords, 7 feet, 8 inches, costing $2,324 71.
Miscellaneous includes
Expenses of Trustees' visits, 2 bills for 1839 included,
Money paid to patients when discharged, or advanced to
them, and charged in their accounts.
Expenses of pursuing and returning elopers.
Expenses of returning patients discharged to the places
whence they were sent to the Hospital, or to Houses of
Correction,
Funeral Expenses, . . . . -
Four Cows, ---.-.
Books, Periodicals, Stationery, Advertising, &lc.
Postage, -------
Ice in 1839, and filling Ice Cellar in 1840,
Sundries, -...-.
il31 82
109 40
29 70
47 41
110
135
119 36
51 56
45 50
84 57
f 864 32
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 15
Of the appropriation for current expenses made by the Legislature
in 1839, the balance, $4000, which was in the State Treasury, at the
date of the last Report, still remains there ; and the Treasurer of the
Hospital has in his hands, a balance of account to Nov. 30th, inclu-
sive, of more than two thousand dollars.
This gratifying result was not anticipated, and will render any ap-
propriation for the current expenses of the Hospital unnecessary for
the next year.
There appears to be no reason to calculate upon the receipt of a
less nor the expenditure of a larger sum for the support of patients the
ensuing, than the past year.
Should the Legislature think it wise to purchase more land, or to
erect a larger and more convenient barn, both which are desirable, it
may be proper to make a specific appropriation, for one or both of those
objects.
The Treasurer has pleasure in saying, that with rare exceptions, the
bills for the support of patients, have uniformly been paid with great
cheerfulness and punctuality, by the towns and individuals liable. The
Trustees, some years since, made it his duty, annually, on the first
week in January, to submit all the accounts of more than a year's stand-
ing, to the District Attorney of the Middle District, for his examina-
tion and advice. But, during eight years the Hospital has been open,
in only three cases, has it been necessary to resort to legal process, to
obtain payment. And no account, except for State Paupers, has been
lost to the Hospital, nor is any one, now outstanding, supposed to be
insecure of payment.
A memorandum respecting the expenses, and the average price of
board, prepared for the Trustees, is, at their request, annexed to this
Report.
ALFRED D. FOSTER,
Treasurer of the State Lunatic Hospital.
Worcester, Dec. 25, 1840.
16 . STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
MEMORANDUM
Respecting the Expenses and Price of Board at the State Lunatic
Hospital.
The price of board from January 1, to December 1, 1833, was ar-
bitrarily fixed by the Trustees at 12 50 per week, it being, of course,
impossible to determine the actual cost before it was incurred.
From December 1, 1833, to December 1, 1834,
the actual cost, according to the average given
in the Report, was ^2 60J per week each. This
average was made on the whole expenditures, in-
cluding salaries of Superintendent, assistant Phy-
sician, and Steward and Matron. These amount-
ed to ^2, 173 77, which, deducted from the amount
on which the average was made, leaves f 13,66650 1834.
to be divided by 117, giving as the average per
week, each, a fraction less than §2 25. $2 25 per week.
From December 1, 1834, to December 1, 1835, the
whole cost of supporting the establishment, was
$16,576 44 ; deducting the same salaries as be-
fore, $2,200, leaves $14,376 44 to be divided by 1835.
the average number of patients, 120, which gives
a fraction over $2 30 per week, each. $2 30 per week.
From December 1, 1835, to December 1, 1836, the
whole cost of supporting the establishment, taken
as before, was ... $23,272 61
Extra repairs that year, - - 1,877 33
Leaving as expense to be paid by pa-
tients, - . - - $21,395 33
the average per week, each, was that year report-
ed to be $3 23J, deducting the same salaries as
before, then amounting to $2,300, the sum of
$19,095 28 is left to be divided by the average
number of patients, 127 1-5, which gives a frac-
tion less than $2 89 per week, ea«h. Still tho
charge was kept down to $2 50 per week, a fur- 1836.
ther allowance being made for article^ i;iiarged
particular patients. $2 89 per week.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 17
From December 1, 1836, to December I, 1837,
■deduciing the same salaries as before, the cost of
supporting the Institution, was 24,667 65, which
sum divided by the average number of patients,
163, gives a fraction over $2 91 per week, each.
In their "Report that year, the Trustees say, that
t^e average is $2 73 per week each, after deduct- 1837.
ing the salaries as before mentioned, and the items
charged for individuals. $2 91 per week.
From December 1, 1837, to December 1, 1838,
the cost of supporting the Institution, not include
ing salaries paid from the State Treasury, was
$28,739 40, Theaveragenumber of patients was 1838.
211, giving a fraction less than $2 62 per week
each, as the average cost. $2 62 per week.
From December, 1, 1838, to December 1, 1839,
the cost of supporting the Institution as before,
was $29,474 41. The average number of pa- 1839.
tients was 223J^, giving a fr?.ction more than $2 50
per week each, as the ave.^ge cost. $2 50 per week.
From December 1, 1839 to December 1, 1840,
the cost of supporting the institution as before, was
$27,844 98. The average number of patients
this year whose names were borne on the Register,
was 229. But, in several instances, individuals
were permitted to be absent on visits to their
friends, or on trial, and during their absence, no
charge was made for their boaid. These absentees
reduced the number by which the cost is to be di-
vided, to 225, and the average cost per week for 1840.
that number varies only a small fraction from $2 38
each. $2 38 per week.
For the eight years taken together, exclusive of
the first, the average per week for each patient is Av, for 7 years.
$2 55, $2 55 per week.
It is to be remarked, that ail these averages are inclusive of the
special charges to individual patients. These charges are principally
included in the items *' clothing, linen, &-c.," " cash paid patients," and
^' elopements." Private patients are charged with " damages." It
3
J8 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
would be difficult to determine with precision, how much should be
deducted, on this account, from the sum of the cost, before the aver-
age is made, and I have not attempted to do it. It might, or it might
not, for the seven years, be more than five cents per week, each.
It is also to be remarked, that no account is taken of the produce of
the land belonging to the Hospital, in ascertaining the cost of support-
ing the Institution, because so much of the labor of its production is
performed by the patients. But, whatever it may amount to, it goes,
so far, to diminish the general expenses.
A. D. F.
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STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 29
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STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
31
Another fiscal year of the State Lunatic Hospital has closed, and
Ave present our Eighth Annual Report.
The past year has been a season of prosperity, affording an unu-
sual proportion of recoveries, almost entire exemption from acute
disease, no accident, and comparatively few deaths.
The success of our efforts in this field of benevolence calls loudly
for gratitude to our Heavenly Benefactor, whose smiles have ever
attended our labors.
Nearly eight years have now passed away, since this Hospital was
made the receptacle of the insane, during which time there have
been received, eleven hundred and ninety-six patients; discharged,
nine hundred and sixty ^ including deaths ; of which Jive hundred and
six have recovered, leaving at present tivo hundred and thirty-six in-
mates, filling, and more than filling, every apartment designed for
their occupancy.
As it is made the duty of the Superindent to present a tabular report
annually to the Trustees, I have endeavored, in the preceding tables,
to condense as much statistical information as possible, that the
nature and benefit of the institution may be correctly appreciated.
Compared with a number of similar institutions in Great Britain,
we have reason to be gratified with our success in promoting the
recovery of the insane, and especially with our great exemption
from mortality.
The following table is from a work recently published in Lon-
don, by Dr. Crowther, giving the per cent, of recoveries and deaths
in thirteen public institutions in that kingdom.
Admitted.
Recovered.
Per cent, of
Recoveries.
Died.
Per cent, of
Deaths.
Bedford, -
5 years,
191
61
31.9
29
15.1
Cheshire, -
5
do
209
87
41.6
44
21
Cornwall, -
5
do
175
80
457
34
19.4
Dorset,
4
do
145
41
28.2
15
103
Gloucester,
5
do
2G8
156
58.2
25
9.3
Kent,
3
do
254
35
13.8
45
18.8
Lancaster, -
5
do
779
301
38.6
396
50.8
Middlesex, -
5
do
1183
181
15.3
326
27.5
Norfolk, -
5
do
293
127
43.3
135
46.
Nottingham,
5
do
274
100
36
42
15.3
Stafford, -
5
do
634
295
46.6
110
17.3
Suffolk, -
5
do
362
167
461
104
28.7
West Riding,
5
do
709
303
42.7
257
36.2
32 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
In the State Lunatic Hospital for the eight years which we now
report, we have received eleven hundred and ninety-six patients, of whom
jive hundred and six have recovered, forty-two and three-tenths per
cent., ninety have died, which is about seven and one-half t^qx cent.
The average recovery, in the thirteen British institutions, is thirty-
seven and five-tenths per cent., and the average deaths, twenty-seven and
three-tenths.
The Middlesex asylum, near London, received, in five years, eleven
hundred and eighty-three patients, had one hundred and eighty-one
recoveries, and three hundred and tioenty-six deaths.
In the State Lunatic Hospital, eleven hundred and ninety-six patients
have been received, J?t?e hundred and six recovered, and ninety died.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
33
TABLE I.
Showing the number of Admissions, and the state of the Hospital, from
December \st, 1839, to November 30<A, 1840.
Patients in the Hospital in the course
Males,
Females, . - _
of the year,
190
201-
-391
391
At the commencement of the year, -
Males, - . .
Females, - - -
Admitted in the course of the year, -
Males,
Females, - . -
Old,
Recent, _ . .
Remain at the end of the year.
Males, ...
Females, _ - _
Old,
Recent, . - _
Patients admitted,
Males, - ;
Females, -
75
87-
Cases of less duration than
1 year, - - ■ -.
Males, - 't- 28
Females, - - 47-
162
-162
75
-75
Cases of longer duration
than 1 year, - . - 87
Males, - r i,-, 46
Females, - • - 41 87
Cases admitted by the Court, 105
" " Overseers, 9
" « Friends, 48
Foreigners in the Hospital
in the course of the year,
Males, - - 18
Females, - - 12—30
30
Natives of other States,
Males, - - 12
Females, - - 7—19
49
5 '"7'
113
116-
229
-229
75
87-
87
75-
122
114-
208
28-
-162
-162
-236
Patients now in the Hospital,
Males, - - 122
Females, - - 114 —
162
trr
236
236
-236
Cases of less duration than
1 year, - - - . 28
Males, - - 14
Females, - - 14 28
Cases of longer duration
than 1 year, - - - 208
Males, - - 107
Females, - - 101 208
Applications not received, 99
From this State, -
58
Males,
29
Females, -
29—58
From other States,
41
Males,
21
Females,
20-^1
-99
3'i
34 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
From this table may be seen, that, in the course of the past year,
there have been in the Hospital three hundred and ninety-one patients,
one hundred and ninety of whom were males, and two hundred
and one females. Two hundred and twenty-nine remained at the close
of the year, one hundred and thirteen males, and one hundred and six-
teen females.
There have been admitted, in the course of the year, one hundred
and sixty-two patients, seventy-Jive males, and eighty-seven females ;
eighty-seven of which were old cases, and seventy-Jive were recent
cases.
There remain, at the end of the year, two hundred and thirty-six
patients, one hundred and ticenty-two of whom are males, and one hun-
dred and fourteen females. Two hundred and eight of these cases are
of more than one year's duration, and twenty-eight of them of less dura-
tion than one year.
Of the old cases, one hundred and seven are males, and one hundred
and one are females.
There have been one hundred and Jive cases admitted by order of
courts, nine by overseers, and forty-eight by friends, usually denomi-
nated private boarders.
There have been in the Hospital, during the year, forty-nine persons
not residents in this State, thirty of whom were foreigners, eighteen
males, and twelve females : nineteen were natives of other states, twelve
males, and seven females.
The applications for admission at the Hospital, not received, have
been ninety-nine, fifty-eight from this State, twenty-nine males, and
twenty-nine females ', forty-one from other states, twenty-one males, and
twenty females.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
35
TABLE 2,
Showing the number of Discharges and Deaths, and the condition of
those who have left the Hospital, from December Ist, 1839, to No-
vember 30</j, 1840.
No. of
each sex
Recov-
ered.
Im-
prov'd
Not im-
proved.
Harm-
less.
Want of
room.
Died.
Total.
Patients discharged, 155
Males, - ---'
Females, - - /
68
>87
M
•55
tl4
^
6
9
'19
10
7
12
(3
*
Patients discharged of
duration less than 1
155
;
25
45
82
29
29
14
15
15
155
year, . - 70
Males, - ,, -
Females, -
>23
41
1
1
1
3
Patients discharged of
duration more than
70
64
2
4
70
1 year, - - 85
Males,
Females, -
43
42
5
13
13
13
19
10
' 7
7
12
3
5
6
■
85
18
26
29
14
15
11
85
There have been discharged, in the course of the last y^ar, one
hundred and fifty-five patients, sixty-eight males, and eighty-seven
females. Of these, eighty-two had recovered, twenty-eight males,
ditiA fifty-four females. Twenty-nine had not improved, but were dis-
charged as harmless, and for want of room ; of these, nineteen were males,
and ten were females. Fifteen have died, six males, and nine females.
Of the patients discharged, seventy had been insane less than one
year, ttoenty five males, and jTor/y^we females ; of this number, sixty-
four recovered, tioenty-three males, and ybr/y-one females; two were
improved, one male, and owe female; ^xxAfour died, one male, and three
females.
Of the patients discharged, eighty-five had been insane more than
one ye^r, forty-three males, and forty-two females ; of these, ci^A^cew
recovered, ^we males, and thirteen females; twenty-six were improved,
thirteen males, and thirteen females ; twenty-nine were not improved,
mostly harmless, or sent to Boston to enter the new Hospital, being
36 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
paupers, supported by the city, and belonging to Boston ; of these,
nineteen were males, and ten were females ; eleven have 6\eA,Jive males,
and six females.
Of the deaths that have occurred in the course of the year, one took
place mjive days after admission, of apoplexy ; one in nine days, a case
of inflammation of the brain, with delirium, mistaken for mania, and
an improper subject for an insane Hospital ; one in ten days after
admission, also an improper subject, completely paralyzed, when she
came to the Hospital, deprived of sense, and the power of motion, by
previous disease, and the fatigue and suffering of a journey of seventy
miles, on a cold day in winter. ^|fcother patient died in eight days after
a long journey in winter, so insani^ that the best efforts of her friends
could not prevent her suffering. Two others were brought in a hope-
less state, with incurable disease upon them, one of these survived three
weeks, and the oiher, four.
In an institution like the State Lunatic Hospital, such cases must
always be found, and having no power to exclude any who come by
authority of courts, will always be liable to receive improper subjects
and to have its catalogue of deaths enlarged. Notwithstanding these
disadvantages, the per cent, of deaths in the Hospital has been less than
eight on the whole number of patients admitted.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
37
TABLE 3.
Showing the number of Admissions and Discharges
each month of the year.
Average of Patients in the Hospital,
the year.
each month in
Admitted.
Discharged.
Monthly Average.
December,
January,
February,
March,
10
10
12
13
14
15
6
12
December,
January, -
J'ebruary,
March,
223f
2201
227
225
April,
May,
June,
16
13
17
16
16
9
April,
May,
June,
226
226^
229
.>*July,
August,
In September,
October,
13
14
22
14
22
11
8
12
July,
August, -
September,
October, -
2--*8
226
2J6I
241
■^Ntovember,
8
14
November,
23fei
•
162
155
Yearly Average
229
This table shows the number received and discharged the past
year, the number that came in, and the number that left the Hos-
pital each month, and the average number each month, and for the
year. The number admitted is one hundred and sixty-two, and the
number discharged, one hundred and fifty-five, making an aggregate
of three hundred and seventeen patients, amounting to more than one
change every business day of the year. During the last three years,
there have been admitted into the Hospitalise hundred and eighteen
patients ; and discharged, in various ways, four hundred and sixty-
seven.
The average number of patients the last year was two hundred and
ttventy-nine, greater by six nearly, than the year before. We have
recently had on our list of patients, almost constantly, from ten to
fifteen more than we had rooms to accommodate them, and closed the
year with two hundred and thirty-six.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
TABLE 4.
Statistics of the State Lunatic Hospital, from January, 1833, to No-
vember SOth, 1840.
ents
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
1837.
1838.
1839.
1840.
Total.
Whole number of Pati
admitted, -
-
153
119
113
125
168
177
179
162
1196
Discharged, includ'g deaths
and elopements, -
-
39
115
112
106
121
144
168
155
960
Discharged recovered.
-
25
64
52
58
69
76
80
82
506
Discharged improved,
-
7
22
23
17
23
24
29
29
174
Died, -
-
4
8
8
8
9
16
22
15
— ^
Eloped, - - -
-
1
1
]
1
- ^^
Patients in the Hospital in
the course of each year,
153
233
241
245
306
362
397
391
1196
Patients remaining at
the
end of each year,
-
114
118
119
138
185
218
229
236
Males admitted.
._
96
79
51
66
94
96
80
75
637
Females admitted, -
-
57
39
62
59
75
81
99
87
559
Males discharged, -
_
19
58
57
56
66
74
66
68
463
Females discharged,
-
15
48
46
41
47
54
80
87
418
Males died,
_
3
5
4
6
6
10
14
6
54
Females died,
-
1
3
4
2
3
6
8
9
36
Patients sent by Courts,
_
109
55
89
117
129
123
123
105
Private, - - -
-
44
64
21
8
39
54
56
56
Recoveries :
Males,
.
13
33
27
32
37
45
32
28
247
Females,
12
31
25
26
32
31
48
54
259
25
64
52
58
69
76
80
82
506
Average in the Hospital <
sach
year, -
"
107
117
120
127
163
211
223
229
'}
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
39
For two or three years past, a table has been prepared, which may
be considered a summary of all that occurs at the Hospital. It is
a condensed view of our state from year to year. It shows the
number of admissions, discharges, deaths and recoveries, that have
taken place since the Hospital was opened. From it we learn that the
whole number of males admitted has been six hundred and thirty-seven,
the number of females, J?yc hundred and fifty-nine. The number of
males discharged has been jTowr hundred and sixty-three, and the num-
ber of females discharged has been /bwr hundred and eighteen. The
recoveries of males have been two hundred and forty-seven, and the
recoveries of females, two hundred and fifty-nine. The deaths have
he&a fifty four males, and thii'ty-six females.
The average number of patients has increased every year to the past,
but it cannot be expected in future, as the average of the past year has
been such as to keep every room, of all descriptions, full, every day of
the year.
The recoveries of males, exclusive of deaths, have heen fifty-one and
one-fifth per cent, of the discharged ; the recoveries of females have
been a little short of sixty-two per cent, of the discharged ; average,
fifty-seven per cent.
TABLE 5.
Duration of Insanity with those remainin
g in tlie
Ages of Patients in the
Hospital,
December 1st.
Hospital,
December 1st,
1840.
1840.
Less duration than one year,
28
Under 20, -
6
From 1 to 2
years,
-
-
23
From 20 to 25,
-
-
.
26
« 2 to 5
(C
_
-
55
((
25 to 30,
_
.
.
33
« 5 to 10
«
.
.
56
<(
30 to 35,
.
_
_
29
« 10 to 15
((
-
-
40
«
35 to 40,
.
_
_
37
« 15 to 20
«
.
-
11
((
40 to 45,
-
.
.
30
« 20 to 25
u
-
11
((
45 to 50,
-
.
_
23
« 25 to 30
u
-
.
3
((
50 to 55,
.
_
_
17
Over 30,
u
.
-
5
<(
55 to 60,
.
_
.
9
Unknown,
_
.
-
4
»
60 to 65,
-
_
_
9
((
65 to 70,
-
-
_
9
236
((
70 to 75,
.
.
_
3
Over 75 -
.
.
.
1
Unknown, -
-
-
-
4
236
40 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
It will be seen, by this table, that the proportion of recent cases
of less duration than one year, is small in comparison, being only
twenty-eight of two hundred and thirty-six.
The number of recent cases remaining the same, there must be a
change, at least, three times a year, to make a list o^ sixty -four recove-
ries annually. Were it not that provision has been made for removing
the harmless and violent incurable cases, the Hospital would have long
since been filled with incurables, almost to the entire exclusion of recent
cases; notwithstanding that many such have been removed, particularly,
all the paupers from the city of Boston to their new hospital, the pro-
portion of old cases is greater at the close of this year, than the last.
It is exceedingly desirable that all persons insane should find accom-
modations in hospitals ; but, if any must be excluded, the old and hope-
less cases, the demented and idiotic had better be with their friends,
and in other places of security and comfort, to afford to the recent
cases that may occur in the community the best chance to recover.
Three curable cases occupy but the place of one old one, each year ;
on this rule, in the place of one old and hopeless case of insanity,
occupying an apartment from the time the Hospital was opened, at
least twenty recent cases would occupy the same room, and have
recovered, and returned to friends and usefulness in society. While
we should be careful, then, to retain all old cases that will be likely to
suffer, and be neglected abroad, it is exceedingly desirable that all
recent cases should find early admission to the Hospital, on the most
favorable terms, that the greatest good may be done to the greatest
number of sufferers, and society and families be benefited by the res-
toration of valuable members.
The Hospital commenced the laSt year with two hundred and twenty-
nine patients, and closed with tivo hundred and thirty-six, a difference
of seven. The average of the previous year vvas two hundred and twenty-
three, and a fraction : this year the average has been two hundred and
twenty-nine, a diffierence of about six.
There are, at present, jifly-one patients in the Hospital, who have
been insane less than two years, and one hundred and eighty-Jive, who
have been insane from tioo to thirty years.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
41
TABLE 6.
Classificatwn of Insanity,
Whole Number.
Each Sex.
Curable
Total of Curable.
Mania, - - -
Males,
Females,
585
312
273
188
187
375
Melancholia,
Males,
Females,
375
181
194
103
111
214
Dementia,
Males,
Females,
164
_
100
64
4
4
8
Idiots, - - -
Males,
Females,
9
8
1
A few cases not classified.
All divisions of insanity into nosological classes, are somewhat arbi-
trary. In looking over our list, it is not easy to say, where many cases
should be classed. Many cases commence with high maniacal excite-
ment, and result in deep and distressing melancholy ; others are dull, des-
ponding, and gloomy, for a longer or shorter period, and then become
greatly excited for a season before the mind assumes a proper balance.
So also many recent cases appear demented for some time, and
come out gradually from a state, which, if it had existed long, would
be considered utterly hopeless; such cases ive do not class with the
demented, although others may do so; many such cases recover, and
return to perfect health and a sound mind.
There have been^uc hundred and eiglity-Jive cases of mania in the
Hospital, of which three hundred and seventy-Jive have recovered or
are considered curable, which is sixty-Jive and three Jifths per cent.
There have been three hundred and seventy-Jive cases of melancholy in
the Hospital, of which two hundred and fourteen have recovered, or
are considered curable, which is shoni ffty -seven per cent. There
have been in the Hospital one hundred and sixty-four cases demented,
oi which on\y eight have recovered, which is but ^ue percent. As
before observed, others may class a different set of cases under demen-
tia, which will make a great difference in the per cent, of recoveries in
cases of this description.
6
42
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
TABLE 7.
Statistics of the different Seasons.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
1837.
1838.
1839.
1840. 1
Total.
Admissions in winter,
27
26
24
23
26
46
39
32
243
Admissions in spring,
71
35
31
36
49
46
38
42
348
Admissions in summer,
21
30
30
42
40
47
59
44
313
Admissions in autumn,
21
28
28
24
53
38
43
44
279
Discharges in winter,
22
21
20
15
18
36
35
167
Discharges in spring,
7
33
30
33
38
37
43
44
265
Discharges in summer,
10
28
31
24
30
43
55
42
263
Discharges in autumn.
24
24
22
21
38
32
34
34
229
Recoveries in winter,
12
14
11
10
15
13
18
93
Recoveries in spring,
20
13
14
17
23
24
22
133
Recoveries in summer.
9
16
16
12
15
18
24
20
130
Recoveries in autumn,
16
15
12
20
"27
20
20
22
152
Deaths in winter.
3
1
1
3
5
6
19
Deaths in spring.
2
2
2
1
2
5
5
6
25
Deaths in summer.
2
3
2
4
1
5
7
1
25
Deaths in autumn.
3
3
5
3
5
2
21
It is interesting to know in what manner the seasons affect
the insane, to ascertain which, this table was made out. No
very important conclusions can be drawn from the records here pre-
sented.
The number of admissions has been greatest in spring, and the num-
ber of discharges equal or nearly so in spring arid summer. Autumn
has afforded the greatest number of recoveries, and spring and summer
the greatest number of deaths.
The temperature of the Hospital is so uniform, that we are greatly
exempt from the diseases arising from changes of temperature, and in-
deed, from most acute diseases.
With twelve hundred patients, we have had but three cases of pleu-
risy or lung fever in the Hospital ; and of ninety deaths, ten only have
been the result of acute febrile disease or inflammation.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
43
TABLE 8.
Causes of Insanity.
Intemperance, — Males, 164
Hereditary, or having insane
Females, 21-
-185
ancestors or near Uindred,
361
111 health, -
185
Periodical,
239
Masturbation,
103
Homicidal,
18
Domestic afflictions.
129
Actual Homicides,
13
Religious, - - -
84
Suicidal, or having a strong
Loss of property, fear of pov-
propensity to self destruc-
erty, &c.
71
tion, - . -
134
Disappointed affection.
53
Actual suicides,
5
Disappointed ambition,
27
Epilepsy, - - -
35
Of 663 cases that have been
Puerperal,
30
examined, —
Injuries of the head,
16
Have dark complexion, hair
Abuse of snuff" and tobacco.
7
and eyes.
Light complexion, hair and
344
Arising from physical causes,
567
eyes, - _ _
319
Arising from moral causes,
364
There is no subject connected with insanity more interesting
than the causes of it. Of these the first inquiry is made in
every case ; its importance, both to the case itself and to the commu-
nity, is not over estimated. There are difficulties connected with it,
however, that increase the obscurity beyond that of most other dis-
eases.
Insanity often comes on slowly and imperceptibly ; the workings of
disease are hidden from our view, and the real cause actually lies be-
hind the apparent one. In this way intemperance, religious feeling,
the solitary vice, and many others, are the supposed causes, when in
fact they are only the effect of the first impulses of disease ; so often is
this true of the latter cause, that in my reports, (and I find some of my
friends have done the same,) I have always said, "produced or per-
petuated" by this cause.
That they all are fruitful causes of insanity, however, is undeniable,
and perhaps, although they may sometimes be wrongfully accused,
they may, nevertheless, not be more frequently applied than the truth
will warrant. It is doubtless often true that one cause does not come
alone in the production of insanity.
Ill health, the derangement of a man's affairs, misfortunes of one
kind or another, afflictions, disappointments, often come in clusters,
44 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
and their combined influence disturbs that condition of the brain and
nervous system upon which the integrity of the mind depends.
There is another difficulty, hardly less formidable, in arriving at the
true cause of insanity ; it is the unwillingness of friends to disclose all
they know of the origin and progress of the disease ; this is particu-
larly true of all causes which are considered disreputable. In all cases
we get the best information in our power, and make our record ac-
cordingly.
Intemperance still stands at the head of our list, having produced
one liundrcd and eighty-five cases in the whole, and added fourteen the
last year, to the previous number.
To ill health are also attributed one hundred and eighty-Jive cases ;
this is rather a compound than a simple cause, embracing wounds of
the head, and all varieties of disease that affect the. nervous system,
either directly or remotely. This is also a cause that is not considered
disreputable, and we are able to get at it more easily than many others
of a different description ; for this reason it may sometimes be assigned
as a cause, when in reality it is not so. The remarks applicable to ill
health apply with equal propriety to domestic affliction, for under this
term are also collected a number of influences, similar in effect, but
unlike in kind; and if any serious evil of this kind has occurred to a
patient, it may not unfrequently be assumed as a cause when some
other less prominent influence has given rise to the disease.
The large number of cases denominated hereditary, require a pass-
ing remark ; strong constitutional tendencies, derived from ancestors,
affecting physical condition and mental and moral development, are
discoverable more or less in all mankind; certain forms of disease af-
fect certain families, and none more than insanity. This is what is,
in these reports, denominated hereditary predisposition. It is not ne-
cessary to the existence of this influence upon the offspring, that the
parents be actually insane, but that they, having peculiarity of nervous
constitution, have entailed on their descendants this predisposition so
strongly, that it exhibits itself in one or many of their descendants.
In many reports hereditary predisposition is placed, in some cases,
as the sole cause of insanity ; I question greatly whether this is ever
true ; in my opinion there must be some exciting cause in all cases to
bring into action this latent constitutional principle before disease is
actually developed ; when individuals are predisposed to this, or any
other disease, they should studiously avoid these exciting causes, by
which course they may generally be safe ; they cannot always do this
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 45
effectually, but in a large proportion of instances they will, by great
prudence, keep clear of this great calamity.
Many medical men disbelieve wholly in hereditary predisposition,
while others refer to it half the evils that " flesh is heir to ;" the truth
in this, as in most other cases, probably lies between.
The following cases, from one family, have come under my care in
the course of the last twelve months.
Towards the close of November, 1839, a young woman aged eigh-
teen was brought into the Hospital in a state of complete dementia ;
she was not conscious where she was, nor who were around her ; she
would remain statue-like wherever she was placed, and neither ate nor
drank, nor attended to the calls of nature, without being fed, or moved,
by others ; she gradually improved under efficient medical treatment,
and in four months, some time in March, she returned to her friends,
completely recovered.
In April following, a little more than a month after this young
woman left the Hospital, her mother was brought to our care, in a sit-
uation nearly like that of her daughter. Nothing could be worse than
the situation of this woman. She improved slowly at first, but rapidly
afterwards, and at the end of three months was restored to health and
soundness of mind. She also returned to her home, and gave joy to
afflicted friends in a restoration perfect and entire. She left the Hos-
pital towards the close of July.
In October, a son of the last named patient, and own brother of the
first, aged hventy-lwo, was brought to the Hospital a furious maniac.
The case was a bad one, the excitement continued long and severe :
he is now improving favorably, with a fair prospect of recovery.
Before there was any essential amendment in this last formidable
case, another victim, from the same devoted household, came to our
charge ; the sister of the last named, and daughler of the one preced-
ing, an interesting young woman of ttoerity-four years of age ; and
this was the worst case of all, for, in addition to common symptoms,
was the debility and susceptibility of the puerperal state; her infant
was one week old only, when the symptoms of this formidable species
of mania were rapidly developed ; the excitement was extreme, the
mind perfectly chaotic, and jactitation so great as to require, in addi-
tion to restraint usual in such cases, the active vigilance of two experi-
enced nurses. This patient is now convalescing, and we have reason-
able ground to hope that both the brother and sister will return in less
than a year from the time of the first sister's complete recovery ; so
46 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
that the four may be in a hospital, in the very worst circumstances,
and all be well, in one year.
Such cases as this are rare, although it is by no means uncommon
that as many individuals of one family are successively insane.
Some time in the year 1838, a young lady was taken suddenly in-
sane, on a journey to the west ; she was detained a few days in one of
the institutions in the middle states. In a few weeks she was brought
to our care ; before there was any change in the case, a brother was
also brought to the Hospital, who had been long insane, but who had
then frozen his feet so badly that his friends determined to afford him
better winter quarters ; before the necessary arrangements were made,
however, mortification commenced in the frozen feet, and by the time
he reached the Hospital he was in a dying state, and did not survive
his journey twenty-four liours. The sister convalesced favorably, but
by this and other trials, relapsed, and was again as bad as ever. Be-
fore she became calm and tranquil again, another sister, older than
herself, was brought to the Hospital ; the case was violent, but the
amendment rapid, and in a few weeks she was recovered, and went to
her friends before the sister first committed was entirely well ; the lat-
ter continued to convalesce, and was finally completely restored to
sanity of mind. Before she finally left the Hospital, a messenger came
to us, post haste, to say that another brother of this afflicted woman
was a furious maniac ; papers were immediately prepared for his ad-
mission to the Hospital ; before the messenger arrived with them this
brother died in the greatest possible excitement.
The sister who endured all this affliction, steadily convalesced and
has since returned to her friends, quite well.
The evidence of a constitutional predisposition to insanity, in such
cases, is too strong to be resisted ; but the strength and activity of the
hereditary taint is very different in different cases, and in different
individuals in the same family.
All cases that have had a recurrence of insanity, once or more than
once, are placed in the table as periodical : the interval between these
occurrences is extremely various ; from a few months to many years.
Strictly, the term periodical should be applied to such cases only, as
recur at regular periods. There are many such cases; but they hardly
amount, as far as we have known, \.olen per cent, of the number in the
table.
In the British Report, much is said about relapse ; one third, and in
some instances, one half their cases relapse. I am not able to say,
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 47
what is the precise meaning which they attach to this word. From the
very great number of relapses reported by some of their institutions, I
have supposed that any recurrence of insanity, after one attack, was
considered a relapse.
In my opinion, this is a wrong view of the case. If, on a patient's
return from an institution as recovered, some traces of disease are
found to remain, or if, after a certain period of appearing quite well,
the symptoms of insanity recur before perfect health has been estab-
lished, it is, strictly speaking, a relapse. But if the period of a year,
or many years, elapses before this recurrence takes place, and the indi-
vidual has enjoyed a rational mind the whole time, and pursued his
occupation, and appeared to all around him a rational being, the recur-
rence should not be called a relapse. The rule applicable to other
diseases is applicable to insanity. No physician considers a second
attack of pleurisy, rheumatism, or colic, a relapse, if months, and par-
ticularly if one or more years have elapsed between the two attacks;
although the predisposition or susceptibility is much increased by this
first attack, and a second will occur from a much slighter cause.
In case the individual is exposed a second time to the cause of in-
sanity, which produced the disease in the first instance, such as intem-
perance, disappointment in business, domestic affliction, or ill health,
there would be the strongest reason to believe, that the disease was
wholly of new origin, independent entirely of the previous attack.
The true physiological view of the case is this : certain derange-
ments of the brain and nervous system produce insanity of one kind or
another ; while these derangements continue, insanity continues with
as much certainty as lameness continues from gout or rheumatism ;
when this derangement is removed, so that the functions of the brain
and nerves are restored, then insanity disappears, as lameness disap-
pears when the inflammation of gout or rheumatism subsides.
I present these views to explain the table, and to show the rule
adopted by us relative to relapses and periodicity.
Since the opening of the Hospital, we have had thirteen patients
who have actually attempted homicide ; except in ttco instances, the
dangerous wounds inflicted proved fatal ; eleven were immediately fatal.
Of these, tico have died, and two have been discharged recovered — in
both instances, by the high courts of the Commonwealth.
It is a question of very serious import, whether an insane man, who
has taken life in the excitement and from the impulse of his disease,
should ever be enlarged. If he has not recovered from his insanity,
48 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
the case to me is a clear one ; the tendency to a recurrence of the act
would be very strong, the circumstances of the case being the same.
Every case of insanity has its peculiarities, — the appetites, propensi-
ties, and passions are affected in different ways, in different cases. We
will not stop to inquire, whether this arises from different conformation
of the brain in different individuals, the fact is undeniable. One will
tear his clothes and bedding, one will ornament his person, another
will besmear himself with all kinds of filth ; in one, benevolence will
be active, in another a propensity to mischief will predominate ; in a
few the propensity is to kill, although such individuals may be gener-
ally harmless, yet at periods they are not so ; and in many cases these
impulses are so sudden that no precautions can prevent danger. Other •
cases, no less unsafe, are those who suppose that they are commis-
sioned to execute the commands of Heaven by destroying a fellow-
being ; their plans are devised and executed with so much art and
secrecy, that no vigilance will detect the danger, the fatal stroke is
struck without warning, and the hapless victim knows not the agent
that has inflicted the deadly blow.
All such cases should be perpetually confined ; no argument should
weigh for a moment with a court of justice in favor of liberating such
an individual. The fact that life has been taken, should overbalance
all motives to send such a person into society again while the delusions
and estrangements of insanity continue.
There is another case which, if not as clear, is one in which the
propriety of liberation is very questionable, — it is a case of insanity mk
arising from a specific cause, liable to recur at any time when that
cause is brought to operate, in which the first impulse is a desire or
disposition to kill. It is extremely questionable, whether such an indi-
vidual should be permitted to have liberty again ; in my view all right
to liberty is forfeited by such an act, unless there is the clearest evi-
dence of entire restoration, and the strongest probability that the cause
of the disease will hereafter be avoided. If the cause is a voluntary
one, the case is rendered still stronger as, in general, there is a greater
probability of its future influence than such as are strictly involuntary.
By voluntary causes I mean intemperance, the secret vice, speculation,
and all others that it is in the power of the individual to avoid.
In the course of the last year, two cases of homicidal insanity were
discharged from the Hospital. One was an unfortunate female, who,
under the delusions of disease, supposed it her duty to destroy her
children, to rid them from the suffering and degradation of living with
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 49
a drunken, worthless, and abusive parent. She inflicted dreadful
wounds on two lovely children, and also on a female friend who went
to their rescue; fortunately, but very unexpectedly, all recovered, and
she was saved the agonizing suffering which must have unavoidably
been her portion, if, on recovering, she had found that her own oflT-
spring had been destroyed by her own hand. She was not conscious
for a long time what she had done, but had a dreamy impression that
she had assailed and wounded her children ; she hoped, and half be-
believed, it was a dream. When far advanced toward recovery, a vio-
lent patient got angry with her, and called her a "murderer;" the
dreadful reality flashed upon her mind and she was in an agony of suffer-
ing. I was sent for; after awhile she was quieted, and heard with
composure the truth of the case ; the circumstance that the children
were living and well, was impressed forcibly upon her mind — had it
been otherwise, had they died, I now fear that her mind would have
been entirely overset by the intelligence. She recovered very favora-
bly, and went to her friends in the care of her judicious spiritual guide,
and has since lived happily in the enjoyment of her children, a most
exemplary and worthy woman.
The other case was a temporary violent insanity, the result of intem-
perance. The man was under a delusion that a voice came to him
from one whom he felt bound to obey, commanding him to take an
axe and destroy a neighbor, to whom he was not at all hostile, with all
possible despatch. He executed the bloody deed, and was immediately
arrested and placed in confinement, from whence, by order of court,
he was soon transferred to the Hospital ; by this lime the delusion and
the insanity had departed. One year after his confinement, application
was made to the Supreme Court for his discharge, but the discharge
was not granted ; six months after, the Court of Common Pleas granted
his release. He will probably be a safe man till he returns to his
cups; if he should again become intemperate, neither his friends nor
the community will be for a moment secure from danger.
50
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
TABLE 9.
Occupation.
•M ' Farmers,
U I Laborers, - - - ■
Ij/ Shoemakers,
J I ^j Seamen,
^y» Merchants,
}i il Carpenters,
^ Manufacturers,
p f Teachers, -
Blacksmiths,
Printers,
/ / Students, -
/ Tailors,
/ Machinists,
Clothiers, -
/ Coopers,
Bricklayers,
f Millers,
/ Cahin it makers,
^J Clergymen,
a" Bakers,
Musicians,
Pedlers,
Painters,
Paper-makers,
Calico Printers,
Sail-makers,
Tanners,
Comb-makers,
Turners,
Harness- makers,
Physicians,
Coachmen,
Butchers, -
y Lawyers, -
145
106
47
43
39
31
28
23
16
14
16
10
8
7
6
5
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Innkeepers, - - 2
Stevedores, - - 2
Stonecutters, - - 2
Broom-makers, - - 2
Coppersmiths, - - 2
Jewellers, / - - 2
Watchmen, . . 2
Drovers, - - - 2
^Rope-makers, // - - 2
Currier, _ - .
News Collector,
Engineer, -
Hatter, . - -
Gardener, - - -
Mat-maker,
Stocking-weaver, -
Bellows-maker,
Idiots, / - - - 1
Vagrants, // - - 34
Females who have no regular
employment, who are unac-
custonjed to labor, &c. 105
Females accustomed to seden-
tary employments that are
laborious, an I to factory la-
bor, - . . 96
Females accustomed to active
employments, the wives and
danghters of farmers, me-
chanics, &c. - - 161
Many not classified.
The individuals who have been admitted as inmates of the Hos-
pital are from Jiftij-one trades or occupations, exclusive of females.
It is difficult to estimate the comparative number from each dis-
tinct occupation with the individuals who pursue these employments
in the community ; nothing of any great importance can yet be gath-
ered from the facts here presented. It would seem, that when we find
on the list thirty-nine merchants, fourteen printers, sixteen blacksmiths,
ten tailors, thirty-one carpenters, twenty-jive teachers, and onlyybwr
painters, four cabinet makers, three tanners, tiDo inn keepers, five
bricklayers, three physicians, and one hatter, that the per cents of those
following these last occupations must be decidedly less than those of
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
51
the former ; but the records of all the institutions in the Common-
wealth must be consulted, before any definite information can be
obtained.
Those employments which have the greatest stability and the least
excitement are most conducive to health ; and those occupations which
lead people to congregate, which are quite profitable when employment
is had, but in which employment is not steady, tend greatly to irregu-
larity of life, licentious habits, and consequent disease.
On the whole, no inference can be drawn from the table that any
one occupation, in itself considered, has any particular tendency to
produce insanity.
Exemption from this, as from many other diseases, is best secured
by a calm dispassionate course of life, strict temperance in diet and
drink, steady industry, and a cheerful temper.
TABLE 10.
Diseases tnhich have proved fatal.
Marasmus, -
21
Brain fever from intemper
ance,
2
Epilepsy, -
14
Dysenteric fever,
-
2
Consumptiou,
9
Disease of the bladder,
-
Apoplexy, - - -
7
Lung fever, -
-
Suicide, . - -
5
Old age,
-
Diseases of the heart,
4
Chronic bronchitis, -
-
Cholera morbus.
4
Gastric fever,
_
Mortification of the limbs, -
3
Land scurvy,
-
Hemorrhage,
3
Congestive fever,
-
Inflammation of the bowels,
2
Erysipelas, -
-
Disease of the brain,
2
- —
Diarrhcea, - _ _
2
90
Dropsy, . - .
2
The Hospital has been remarkably exempt from acute febrile
diseases and inflammations ; we have had a few cases of erysepe-
las, one of which proved fatal : a few cases of scarlet fever, all of
which recovered. No epidemic has ever visited us; and to-day, while
this sheet is being written, there is but a single individual who-is not
able to take regular meals with a comfortable appetite. Ninety
deaths, in the whole, have occurred, of tioelve hundred patients who
have now been in the Hospital ; of these, more than eighty have been
the result of chronic disease.
Many cases of marasmus were far advanced before they came to
62
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
the Hospital ; and the consumptions, epilepsies, and other chronic dis-
eases had their origin before insanity commenced.
In the Hanwell institution for the insane, near London, with eleven
hundred and eight y-three patients, in five years, they had three hun-
dred and twenty-six deaths. In our institution, with eleven hundred
and ninety-iix patients at the close of the year, thirteen more than the
foreign institution, we have had nimty deaths, less by two hundred and
thirty-six.
TABLE 11.
Shoioing the duration of Insanity, the ages and civil state of patients
admitted from December \st, 1S33, to November o^th, 1840.
1833.
1S3-1.
183.).
1£36.
1837.
1838.
1839.
1840.
Total.
Duration l)efore admitted:
Less than 1 year,
41
56
49
54
73
82
84
75
514
From 1 lo .5 years,
27
29
37
37
58
50
63
56
357
" 5 to 10 « -
27
14
17
13
15
16
18
15
135
« 10 to 20 « -
31
8
6
11
15
8
10
10
99
" 20 to 30 " -
12
4
1
2
4
7
1
3
34
" 30 to 40 " -
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
12
Unknown, . . _
12
6
7
6
5
13
2
1
52
Duration with those remaining
at the end of each year :
Less Than 1 year,
29
22
21
11
29
28
34
28
202
From 1 to o years.
20
25
23
39
51
65
69
75
366
" 5 to 10 " -
20
24
34
35
38
44
44
52
304
" 30 to 20 " -
30
24
29
35
41
41
52
52
304
« 20 to 30 " -
9
5
3
7
11
18
14
13
80
Over 30 " -
3
2
4
2
2
3
4
5
25
Unknown, ...
8
16
6
9
13
19
12
11
94
Ages of patients when admit-
ted :
Under 20 years.
2
6
3
11
13
17
10
10
72
From 20 to 30 years,
34
23
22
29
58
47
47
46
306
" 30 to 40 " -
48
44
42
30
34
51
49
40
338
" 40 to 50 " -
34
28
30
25
31
32
30
34 ' 244
« 50 to 60 " -
14
9
11
16
13
20
21
21 125
» 60 to 70 " -
17
6
6
10
12
8
14
6 79
" • 70 to 80 " -
5
2
5
7
2
8
5 34
Civil state of patients admitted :
Single, - - . -
92
71
52
68
94
101
80
75
633
Married, - - - -
38
40
46
49
61
65
75
71 445
Widows, - - . -
12
4
8
6
11
5
17
12 ! 75
^^dowers, ...
"
4
7
2
2
6
7
4 1 43
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
53
By tlie table it will be seen that the number of admissions,
of duration less than one year, has been, the past year, stvuity-
jive ; which is about the average for the last/r/wr years. A majority
of the cases are old, having existed more than one year.
At the close of the year, there remained twenty-eight cases only that
are called recent, or of less duration than one year, — a less proportional
number than we have had since 1S36, when only elcvai recent cases
remained.
The number of single persons who were never married, that have
been in the Hospital from the commencement has been six hnndi-ed
and thirty-three ; the number married, at the time of their residence,
four hundred and forty-five ; the number of widows seventy-five, and
-viidowexs forty-tlirtt.
TABLE 12.
Shelving the condition of old and permanent residents loho have been
long incurable.
Improved in health
and hahit.
Improved in mind.
Not improved.
Of 101 cases, - - -
73
42
38
Males, - - -
34
19
25
Females,
39
23
13
^_
Of the 667 patients that have been in the Hospital since th§ chapel was
openra, 579 have attended religious worship more or less, and 88 have not
mended. 1^^->J-^ ^ y g g— ^/^S^
(P/J U M. CP
It is now about eight years since individuals, now in the Hos-
pital, became permanent residents. Taking the first one hundred
and one, that remained on our records at the close of the year, it
will be seen by the table, that seventy-three have improved in health
and habits, oi whom thirty-four are males, and thirty-nine are females;
of these, forty-two have manifested decided improvement in mind,
although they have not recovered, of whom ninetetn are males, and
ttoenty-thrce are females ; thirty-eight have remained nearly stationary,
or have gradually grown worse, of whom twenty-five are males, and
thirteen are females. It is proper to remark that most of these thirty-
eight are, in all respects, comfortable; many labor regularly about the
54
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
establishment, and nearly all observe the decencies of life; the habits of
many of them were never bad.
In the month of November, 1837, we opened a chapel for religious
worship on the Sabbath. Since that time, there have been in the
Hospital, six hundred and sixty-seven patients, of whom Jive hundred
and seventy-nine have attended the religious meetings more or less,
and eighty-eight have not attended : a much greater proportion, it is
believed, than attend to such solemnities in the community at large.
Of the one hundred old cases recorded in the table, nearly ninety per
cent, have attended chapel more or less, and many very constantly.
TABLE 13.
Showing the comparative Curability of Insanity, treated at different
periods of disease.
Total of
Cuiahle or
Incurable or
Cases
Of each Sex
Cured.
not Cured.
Of less duration than 1 year,
493
Males, . . -
.
247
218
29
Females,
-
246
220
26
From 1 to 2 years,
192
Males, - - -
-
94
48
46
Fetnales, - _ _
-
98
63
35
From 2 to 5 years.
190
Males,
-
ly
35
76
Females, - . -
-
7^
30
49
From 5 to 10 years,
136
Males, _ . .
-
71
9
62
Females, - - -
"•
65
7
58
From 10 to 15 years,
80
Males,
.
44
4
40
Females, - . -
-
36
2
34
From 15 to 20 years,
28
Males,
.
19
1
18
Females, - - -
-
9
9
From 20 to 25 years.
21
Males,
-
11
11
Females, . - -
.
10
10
From 25 to 30 years.
7
Males, ...
.
5
5
Fern-riles, , . -
.
2
2
Over 30 years, - - -
6
Males,
.
3
3
Females, ^ - -
-
3
3
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 55
From this table, we learn that four hundred and ninety-three
patients have been admitted into the Hospital, whose insanity
had existed less than one year : of these, ttoo hundred and forty-seven
are males, and ttco hundred and forty-six are females; four hundred
and thirty-tight of these recovered, and fifty-five failed to recover ;
twenty-ttro died, leaving, of those living, only thirty-three that failed to
recover ; and making the recoveries, exclusive of the deaths, more than
7iinety-five per cent. This supposes, however, that the tvunty-eight
recent cases now in the Hospital will all recover ; this will not proba-
l)Iy prove true, as some may die, and a few may fail to get well: this
may diminish the per cent, one or two but can hardly fail to leave it
above ninety.
Many of the individuals of this class, not recovered, were removed
by their friends prematurely, when the prospect of recovery was en-
couraging. There remain novv' not exceeding/y«r cases that came
into the Hospital before insanity had existed one year, and but two
that are certainly incurable.
There have been in the Hospital, one hundred and nimty-iwo cases,
that have been insane from one to t%oo years, of which one hundred and
eleven have recovered, and eighty-one have failed to recover, or have
died. The recoveries of this class have ho^en fifty -eight percent., and,
exclusive of deaths, (nhouX. sizty-two per cent.
One hundred and ninety patients have been in the Hospital, whose
insanity had existed from two to five years ; of whom sixty-five have
recovered, and one hundred and twenty-five have failed to recover, are
considered incurable, or have died. The recoveries of this class are
thirty-four per cent
One hundred and thirty-six patients have been in the Hospital, the
duration of insanity with whom has been from five to ten years ; of
these, sixteen have recovered, and one hundred and nineteen have failed to
recover, are considered incurable, or have died. The recoveries of
this class are about eleven and three-fourths per cent.
One hundred and forty -lie o patients have been in the Hospital, who
have been insane more than ten years, of whom seven only have recov-
ered, which is less thanj?ve per cent.
56
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
TABLE 14.
Shoioing the number of' persons employed in the different departments
of labor.
MALES
FEMALES.
Farmers, -
- 25
Knitters,
61
Laborers, -
- 30
Sempstresses,
-
51
Shoemakers,
- 10
Washers,
-
4
Kitchen, -
5
Kitclien,
-
6
Washer,
1
71
Scrubbers,
- 5
127
71
Laborers,
-
- 198
Indulged abroad, more or less, about 95, a part of whom are laborers.
There have been in the Hospital, in the course of the year, one hun-
dred and ninctij-eight individuals, who have done more or less labor in
the different dep.irtments of industry ; of this number, twenty-five were
regular fiirmers, thirty were common laborers, who worked in the
garden, on the grounds, upon the wood, and in various ways, when-
ever their services were required ; ten were shoemakers ; five worked
in the kitchen, and one in the wash-room. The above, including sev-
enty-one male patients, were regularly employed, whenever labor was
found for them. Other individuals have at all times been taken out to
saw wood, and do other small jobs, have worked in the halls, &c., an
hour or more at a time, for exercise, but these have not been consid-
ered regular laborers.
In the female department there have been sixty-one knitters, who
have made many hundred socks and stockings Fifty-one sempstresses,
who have assisted in making and mending clothes, bedding, &c., be-
sides doing considerable labor for individuals employed in and about
the Hospital, and elsewhere. These two classes contributed very hand-
somely to the Bunker Hill Monument Fair, to which they sent many
handsome and valuable articles. Four females have been regularly
employed in the wash-room daily, when that business called for their
aid, and many others have occasionally assisted in this department of
labor.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 57
Our object is, as far as possible, to keep patients employed, and the
more labor they perform, the better off they are, generally. Many
who are not laborers, are indulged with liberty to walk abroad unat-
tended, on a pledge to return ; one goes regularly to the post office,
two or three times a day when the mails arrive. Two intelligent and
respectable men have driven the carriage for the female patients to ride,
most of the last season. Without employment, the daily state of the
inmates of the Hospital would be a dull monotony; with labor and
books, papers, implements for writing, and various amusements, time
passes cheerfully with many, and all are made as happy as the nature
of the case will allow
58
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
TABLE 15.
Showing the comparative Curability of Insanity attacking at different
ages.
Total of Cases
Total of each
Sex.
Curable.
Incurable.
Under 20,
150
Males,
-
78
29
49
Females,
.
72
46
26
From 20 to 25, -
182
Males,
-
97
47
50
Females,
.
85
50
35
From 25 to 30, -
159
Males,
-
88
45
43
Females,
_
71
42
29
From 30 to 35, -
160
Males,
.
97
45
52
Fetnalcs,
_
63
36
27
From 35 to 40, -
142
Males,
.
62
31
31
Females,
.
80
45
35
From 40 to 45, -
94
Males,
-
51
35
16
Females,
_
43
32
11
From 45 to 50,
83
Males,
-
38
28
10
Females,
_
45
38
6
From 50 to 55, -
70
Males,
_
33
23
10
Females,
_
37
26
11
From 55 to 60, -
39
Males,
-
17
12
5
Females,
.
22
15
7
From 60 to 65, -
30
Males,
.
16
13
3
Females,
_
14
11
3
From 65 to 70, -
20
Males,
-
13
7
6
Females,
.
7
5
2
From 70 to 75, -
n
Males,
_
8
4
4
Females,
.
3
3
Over 75, -
9
Males,
.
5
2
3
Females,
-
4
4
J have been careful to collect the facts in this table, as they prove so
difFei<;nt from what are found to be the results in many other Hospi-
tals for the insane.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 59
One fact is prominent, that persons attacked over forty years of age,
are more likely to recover from insanity, than those under forty ; the
table will show this to be the case.
One hundred and fifty cases of insanity have come to the Hospital,
the subjects of which were less than twenty years of age ; of these,
seventy-eight are males, and seventy-tivo are females ; twuity-nine of
the former recovered, or are curable, which is thirty-seven per cent. ;
forty-six of the latter are recovered, or are curable, which is about
sixty four per cent. Of the whole, the recovered and curable are fifty
per cent.
One hundred and eighty-two patients have been in the Hospital, who
have become insane between twenty and twenty-five years of age ; of
these, ninety-seven recovered; which is something more than j^i!?/-^/wee
per cent.
One hundred andfifty-nine patients have been under our care, who
became insane between twenty-five and thirty years of age ; of these,
eighty-seven recovered, or are curable, which is almost fifty-five per
cent.
One hundred and sixty patients have been in the Hospital, who have
become insane between the ages of thirty and thirty five ; of this
number, eighty-one recovered, or are curable, which is a little more
ihnn fifty per cent.
One hundred and forty-two patients have been under our care, who
become insane between the ages of thirty-five ?^nA forty ; of this num-
ber, seventy-six recovered, or are curable, which is fifty-three and one
haf per cent.
One hundred and seventy-seven patients have been in the Hospital,
who became insane between the ages o^ forty and fifty ; of whom,
one hundred and thirty-three recovered, which is seventy-five per cent.
One hundred and nine patients have been in the Hospital, who be-
came insane between the ages of fifty and sixty; of whom, seventy-six
recovered, which is sixty-nine and three-fourths per cent.
Fifty patients have been in the Hospital, who became insane be-
tween the ages of sixty and seventy; of whom, thirty-six recovered,
which is seventy-two per cent.
Twenty patients have been in the Hospital between the age's of sev-
enty .and eighty, when they became insane; of whom, nine recovered,
which is forty-five per cent. ,
The above list will show, that there have been seven hundred and
ninety-three cases recorded in the table, of less than/or/y years of age,
60
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
when they became insane ; of whom, four hundred and sixteen recov-
ered, or are curable, which is Jifti/-two and one half per cent.
Three hundred and fifty-six patients have been in the Hospital, who
became insane between the ages oi forty and eighty ; of whom, two
hundred and fifty-four recovered, which is seventy-one per cent.
TABLE 16.
Showing the Relation of Cause to Recovery.
Whole No^
No. of each
Sex.
Curable.
Incurable.
Intemperance, - _ -
Males, - - - -
190
168
85
83
Females, ...
-
22
11
11
Domestic afflictions of various kinds,
family troubles, love, fear of death,
poverty, &c. ...
Males, . - - -
294
117
70
47
Females, ...
-
177
104
73
Ill health, wounds, puei-peral, &c. -
Males, . - - .
243
56
27
29
Females, ...
-
187
127
60
Rehgious of all kinds,
85
Males, ....
.
44
27
17
Females, _ _ _
-
41
24
17
Masturbation, ...
107
Males, ... -
.
95
28
67
Females, . . -
-
12
1
11
Epilepsy, - . . .
Males, - - . .
34
31
4
27
Females, ...
-
3
3
Palsy,
Males, - - - -
19
15
2
13
Females, ...
-
4
1
3
The recoveries of insanity arising from intemperance, are about^^-
ty per cent., and show that this cause produces a disease, admitting an
average of cures. The recent cases from intemperance often recover
favorably. Cases of delirium tremens are rare with us, so much so,
that we have not been able to found any calculation upon them. Old
cases of insanity from this cause, in which there is delusion of the
senses, are extremely unlikely to get well.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
61
The recoveries from insanity occasioned by domestic afflictions, of
various kinds, such as family trouble, disappointed affection, fear of death,
fear of poverty, future punishment, &-c., are greater than the forego-
ing, being one hundred and seventy-four , of two hundred and ninety-
four, which '\s fifty-nine per cent.
The cases arising from ill health, excepting epilepsy and palsy, are
the most favorable of any that come under our care ; by persevering
with the means of relief of the several forms of disease connected with
insanity, the health is restored and the insanity cured. Of the tioo
hundred and forty-three cases, arising from this cause, one hundred and
fifty-four recovered, which is something more than sixty-three per
cent.
From religious causes also, the recoveries have been quite favorable,
amounting io fifty-one of eighty-five cases, which is precisely sixty per
cent.
The " secret vice" gives us the darkest catalogue of cases, amount-
ing, in all, to one hundred and seven ; of which, twenty-nine only have
recovered, which is but about ttoenty-seven per cent.
TABLE 17.
Showing the per cent, of cases from the 7nost prominent causes each year.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
1837.
1838.
1839.
1840.
Intemperate drinking,
241
24
221
Uh
10 i
161
7i
12i
111 health,
8*
m
211
22i
21^
28
26^
25
The afFections,
131
m
176.
16
16
141
25
I6i
Concerning property,
eh
101
8|
5k
6h
lO.i
5i
41
Religious,
8d
6i
7^
6i
6*
9
U
4f
Masturbation, -
5
51
71
16^
2U
5h
81
61
This table is too plain and simple to need comment. Throwing to-
gether the relative number of cases from the various causes of insanity,
it is conceived, will not be without interest, as all may here be seen at
a glance, and it requires no effort to come at the facts. The results
of our last year's experience do not vary essentially from those imme-
diately preceding. The number of cases from intemperance is some-
what increased ; and from the affections, somewhat diminished.
a/
. IL^-
iiJ$^'^£y I ^
fmn/'^rHiwn n)
1)1 1\
62
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
TABLE 18.
Shoioing the state of the Moon on the occurrence of a paroxysm of ex-
citement in about 66 cases of Periodical Insanity, amounting in all
to 532 paroxysms. Also the relation of the Moon to the 90 deaths
that have occurred in the Hospital.
We have continued to record facts on the subject of lunar influence,
and are able to present a list of /ye hundred and thirty-tioo paroxysms
of insanity, as occurring in sixty-six periodical cases ; in which there
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 63
were from two to twelve paroxysms each, in the course of the year.
We present the following results.
On the eighth day of the moon, which is i\\Q first day of the second
quarter, there have occurred the greatest number of paroxysms of any
one day, viz. thirty-one.
On the second day of the moon, which is the second day of i\\e first
quarter, there occurred twintii-dght paroxysms ; which is the second
greatest number that occurred on one day.
On the sevcutk day of the moon, which is the last day of the first
quarter; and on the tioenty-fourth day of the moon, which is the tldrd
day of the last quarter, an equal number of paroxysms occurred, which
was twenty-six ; and these make the third and fourth days in point of
numbers.
On ihe fourth day of the moon, which is the fourth day of the first
quarter, and on the seventeenth day of the moon, which is the fhirddny
of the third quarter, twenty-three paroxysms occurred, which are the
fifth and sixth in point of numbers.
It is worthy of remark, that the same days, to the number of six,
which had the precedence of numbers last year, have the greatest
number this year, and that there is no change in the order in which
the number of paroxysms appeared. It is also true, that the day on
which the fewest number of paroxysms occurred the former years, was
the day on which the fewest occurred the last year.
The greatest number of deaths, occurring on any one day, took
place on the thirteenth day of the moon, which is the sixth day of the
second quarter, viz. seven.
On the second and third days of the moon, and on the twentieth and
twenty first days, which are the last two days of the third quarter, and
on the twenty-fifth day, which is ihe fourth day of the last quarter, an
equal number of deaths occurred, viz. six.
On the sixth day of the moon, which is the last day but one of the
first quarter, on ihe sixteenth day, which is the seco«rf day of the third
quarter, and on the twenty-fourth day, which is the third day of the
last quarter, an equal number of deaths occurred, v\z.five.
Four deaths occurred on ihe fifth, seve^ith, ninth and twenty-eighth
days of the moon. The six days on which have, heretofore, occurred
the greatest number of deaths, have the greatest number this year;
and the three days which have had no deaths occur upon them hereto-
fore, have none this past year.
Having carefully noted these facts as matters of curiosity, if not of
64
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
importance, we leave the table with its remarkable coincidences, be-
lieving that no conclusions can be derived from it, showing the correct-
ness of popular opinion with respect to the moon's influence in produc-
ing the periods of excitement with the insane.
TABLE 19.
Shoioing the causes of Insanity as affecting individuals of different
occupations.
Occupation or busi-
ness.
Intem-
per-
ance.
Mas-
turlia
tion.
Religious
of ..11
kinds.
Domestic
afflict, of
all kinds.
Fear of fiov-
erty or los?
of 'property.
111 health.
Disap-
pi limed
affection.
others.
.,
34^ 17/
"^
*'
&
-■v
C Palsy, 1
'///Farmers, 100
14/
12 /
9 /
8
i;
^ Jeai'sy, 1
2/ 2.Shoe makers, 41
'i
.18,^
4
3
3
4
1
( Epilep. 3
Epilepsy, 1
Printers, 10
9
1
2 Laborers, 67
4sr^
12/
5
2
4
2
3 2 Seamen, 29
Wound on
L195
2/
1
'
5
1
Jealousy, 1
2 2 Merchants, 39
9
18Z
f '
2
9/
1
/
y^ Carpenters ^
and Joiners, 25
11/
6
1
Of
4
2 2
o;
Epilepsy, 1
Blacksmiths, 7
2
1
2
2
■ -' Students, 16
13-
' 1
0/
1 /
Poor diet, 1
I have supposed that an interesting inquiry might be instituted as to
the causes of insanity with men of different occupations. For the pur-
pose of embodying the facts on this subject, I have prepared the table
which exhibits the following results.
Of one hundred farmers, thirty-four became insane by intemperance,
which is thirty-four per cent. ; seventeen became insane by masturba-
tion, which is seventeen per cent. ; fourteen became insane by religious
causes, which is fourteen per cent ; nine by loss of property and fear
of poverty, which is nine per cent. ; twelve by domestic afflictions of
various kinds, which is twelve per cent.; eight from ill health, which is
eight per cent.; one from disappointed affection; three from epilepsy;
one from palsy, and one from jealousy. Intemperance, as a cause, great-
ly predominates with the farmers.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 65
From the table we learn that, oi forty -one shoemakers, seven be-
-came insane by intemperance; eighteenhy masturbation, which is near-
ly forty-four per cent., and quite the most prevalent cause with this
•class of laborers.
In the table we have placed ten printers, one of whom became insane
in a matter of love ; and nine by the " secret vice," which is ninety
per cent.
Of the sixty-seven laborers in the i2^Ae, forty-two became insane by
intemperance, which is about sixty-tioo and one half per cent., and
quite the most common cause with this class of men.
Of twenty-nine seamen who have been in the Hospital, nineteen be-
came insane by intemperance, which is more than sixty-five per cent.,
and by far the most prominent cause of insanity with the sailor ; tv)o
only became insane by masturbation, and^we from anxiety about prop-
erty.
Of the thirty-nine merchants 'wlio have been in the Hospital, the
cause of whose disease has been ascertained,, nine became insane by
intemperance, eighteen by masturbation, and nine by anxiety about
property ; the " secret vice" being by far the most prominent cause,
and making more ih.m\ forty-six per cent, of the causes.
Of the twenty-five carpenters and joiners who have been in the Hos-
pital, eleven became insane by intemperance, six by masturbation, and
four by anxiety about property. The most prominent cause with this
class of men is intemperance, which is a little less th?Lnfffy per cent,
of the whole.
Of the sixteen students that have been in the Hospital, thirteen have
become insane by masturbation, which is an appalling proportion, at
the rate of eighty-one per cent.
By the table it will appear that of those who pursue active employ-
ments in the open air, comparatively few become insane but by the
agency of intemperance, the great source of physical imbecility
and disease, of moral degradation, vice, and crime in our country.
The seamen have, in times past, been particularly obnoxious to this
cause.
On the other hand it will be seen, that of those who pursue sedentary
and effeminate employments, few, comparatively, become insane from
this cause; but a large proportion become so by masturbation, an evil,
the secret influence of which is unquestionably undermining the health
and intellect of many a promising youth in this, and every community.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL,
TABLE 20.
Showing the comparative expense of supporting Old and Recent cases
of Insanity, from lohich loe may learn the economy of placing the
insane in inslitutiuns in early periods of disease.
OLD CASES.
RECENT CASES.
Totnl expense of
old cases at $100
No. of old Present
Time in-
a year before com-
No. of recent
Present
Time in-
Cost of support
cases.
age.
sane.
ing to the Hospj-
cases.
age.
sane.
at $2 50 a week.
lal, and at $132
since.
2
661
1 25 ^-^rs,
$2828 -^
1171
34
9 weeks,
$22 50
3
34 1
11 ^
1320 /=#.
(- 1168
50
32
u
80
7
45 J
14 -^
1620 yU
fi 1142
20
17
<e
42 50
8
57 V
18 ■«*
2120 ^53*
:*- 1138
48
S2
((
80
12
42,
22 #
2510 .%
. 1134
28
28
((
70
18
68
31 -iL
3410 ^
* 1132
56
15
a
37 50
19
56
15"^
1820 m
' 1131
45
20
<(
50
21
36
13 ^
1610 'S^
' 1126
30
16
<(
40
27
44
13 "^
1610 <£*
' 1122
51
12
a
30
44
53 1 24 <'
2700 rr
1119
47
32
u
80
45
57
22 *«
2450 -/«
1118
17
55
i(
137 50
•^se-
— 4g.
14 "^
-j$@$s)aai
1109
47
21
a
52 50
101
48
18 "«-
2550 ^
'- 1108
28
32
11
80
102
50
22 «-
2450 ^
* 1107
33
16
((
40
133
41
10 *^
1050 *»?
^ 11C6
• 26
21
((
52 50
176
52
17 -^
2100 fW
f 1104
40
16
((
40
-jQCi -
2^^ 209
47
10 "
""""T^^
1090
1089
59
48
26
18
11
65
45
36 i 13 «
1580
1085
24
20
(t
50
223
47
17 «
1980
1062
40
16
(C
40
247
39
15 «
1730
1060
17
26
u
65 50
-ggS"
•"-4^"-
-i:^"
•*99«-
1058
39
11
ii
27 50
260
44
15 "
1500
1057
18
16
u
40
, 274
37 ! 12 "
1400
1049
28
16
a
40
278
47
7.-^"
1040
1047
63
40
u
100
4134k'
563 weeks,;
[years.
= nearly 11
Average expense of old
Average
exper
se of rece
nt
cases, - - $1903 60
cases,
-
-
.
$56 00
Whole 25 old cases have
Whole
25 re
jcent
cag
es
•
lost,
-
$47,590 00 1
have c
ost,
-
-
$1400 00
On a former occasion, I collected some facts relative to the e.xpense
of an equal number of old and recent cases, to show the advantage of
the early application of the means of recovery. For the same pur-
pose, this table has been made, showing the expense of supporting the
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 67
twenty-jive cases now first on the records of the Hospital, at one hun-
dred dollars a year, previous to their being placed in the Hospital, and
at two dollars and a half a week, since being in the Hospital : and the
twenty-five recent cases, last on the records, who have been discharged
recovered.
It appears that the expense of supporting the old cases, in the aggre-
gate, IS forty-seven thousand five hundred and ninety dollars, an average
of one thousand nine hundred and three dollars ayid sixty cents.
The twenty five recent cases cost, in the aggregate, after they be-
came insane, one thousand four hundred and eight dollars, an average
oi fifty-six dollars.
The twenty-five old cases have been insane, in the aggregate, /wi«r
hundred and thirteen years, an average period of sixteen and one half
years each.
The twenty-five recent cases have been insane, ^t"e hundred and six-
ty three weeks in the aggregate, and twenty-tico and one half weeks on
the average, not two-thirds of which time was spent in the Hospital.
On the score of political economy alone then, how desirable thr.t in-
stitutions be furnished, so that all the recent insane may be placed in
them and have the opportunity for cure, by which, not only may great
suffering be avoided, but heavy expenses be saved. And if three-fourths
of these individuals, now doomed to be the perpetual victims of dis-
ease while life shall last, had been restored to the enjoyments of socie-
ty and active usefulness, they might have been producers of at least an
equal sura to that of which they have now been the expenders; the
difference would iiave been great, and worthy of all consideration.
But who can estimate the sufferings of a mind diseased, laboring for
years under delusions, vitiated appetites, morbid sensibilities, perverted
tastes, and estranged and excited feelings and propensities?
Such are the sufferings which are removed by curing insanity.
What community can neglect this great good and not feel deep regret,
and assume an awful responsibility ?
68
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
TABLE 2L
Of Per Cent,
RECOVERIES.
Average.
1834.
1835.
1836.
1837.
1838.
1839.
1840.
Per cent, of cases discharged re-
covered, of duration less than
one year, - _ _ _
87,i
82
82^
84.^
894
86i
90i
911
Per cent, of recoveries &f all dis-
charged, - . - _
52
531
mh
53i
57
524
47
53
Per cent, of recoveries of old
cases discharged, -
m
20a
151
i8i
25d
15^
16^
22^
There have been admitted, since the Hospital was opened, 488 cases of
less duration than one year.
There have been discharged recovered, of recent cases, in the same, 404 j
(404 of 488) ; which is 82^ per cent.
Deduct from these, 23 deaths of recent cases, which are not usually in-
cluded in estimates of recovery, (as such cases have little trial of curative
means,) and there remains 404 of 465, which is 86| per cent. Twenty-eight
of those now remaining in the Hospital are mostly convalescing, which be-
ing deducted, leaves 404 of 437, which is 92^ per cent.
There have been in the Hospital 1196 patients ; — there have been dis-
charged recovered 506, which is 42^ per cent.
DEATHS.
1834.
1835.
1836.
1837.
1838.
1839.
5^
1840.
Per cent, of deaths of all in the Hospi-
tal, each year,
3^
3^
3i
3
4i
4'-
31
Per cent, of whole number of admissions, (90 of 1196,)
7k
There are at present in the Hospital, 208 cases of longer duration than
one year, (208 of 236,) which is 88 per cent.
There are 28 cases of less duration than one year, which is 12 per cent.
Per cent, of Recoveries from Insanity arising from certain causes.
From intemperance, 50 per cent, i Domestic afflictions, - 59 per cent.
Ill health, - - 63^ per cent, j Religious causes, - 60 per cent.
Masturbation, - 27 per cent. |
Hereditary, (336 of 1196,)
Periodical, (235 of 1196,)
30i per cent.
19i per cent.
Of the 1196 patients who have been in the Hospital, there were.
Single, including widowers and widows, - 751 62^ per cent.
Married, . . . - - 445 37^ per cent.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 69
It will be seen by this table, that the operations of the Hospital have
been favorable this year. The recoveries of cases of less duration
than one year, have been ninety-one and one-fourth per cent. Recove-
ries of cases of longer duration than one year, including all old cases,
have been during the last year, twenty-two and one half per cent. Of
all the cases discharged, the per cent, of recoveries has been, the past
ye?L\-,fifty-thrce.
The general average of recoveries, of duration less than one year,
has been eighty-seven and one-fourth per cent. The average of recov-
eries on all the cases discharged, has been Jifty-ttoo per cent. ; and on
all the old cases discharged, nineteen and one-third per cent.
The number of patients who have relapsed so' as to have a return of
insanity within one year from the previous attack, that have been dis-
charged recovered, is eighteen, as far as we can collect them from our
records, and as far as we have been able to learn. Others may have
relapsed, of which we have no knowledge.
The above estimates of per cent, are upon the discharged.
The following are made upon the admitted. Four hundred and
eighty-eight cases have been admitted into the Hospital, of less dura-
tion than one year. There have been discharged recovered, of recent
cases, in the same time, four hundred and four, which is eighty-tioo
and one half per cent. If we deduct from these, twenty-three deaths,
of recent cases which have not had trial of remedial means, the per
cent, will be eighty -six and three-fourths. Twenty -eight of these now
remain in the Hospital, recently admitted, mostly convalescing, which,
being deducted, will leave ninety-tico and one half^ex cent, of recent
cases as recovered or likely to recover.
There have been in the Hospital, eleven hundred and ninety-six pa-
tients, of whom, five hundred and six have been discharged recovered,
which is more Xhzn forty -two per cent.
The deaths this year have been fifteen, which is three and three-fourths
per cent, of all the patients in the Hospital, in the course of the year ;
about the average for each year, since the Hospital was opened. There
have been eleven hundred and ninety-six patients under our care, of
whom ninety have died, which is seven and one half ^er cent.
When a patient enters the Hospital, it is our practice to inquire re-
lative to hereditary predisposition ; if we learn that parents, or grand-
parents were insane, or if a number of collateral relatives, as uncles,
aunts, brothers and sitters, have been aifected with insanity, we record
the case as hereditary ; of this class of cases, we have three hundred
70 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
and thirty-six, which is something more than thirty per cent, of all that
have been in the Hospital.
My views of hereditary insanity have before been fully given, Thdt
this taint or predisposition never results in alienation of mind without
the'intervention of an exciting cause, I am free to declare, although
the strength and activity of the predisposition is very different, in
different individuals, and very unlike in the members of the same fam-
ily. In this respect, as before observed, insanity is like other physical
diseases, and in no respect different. Many cases of this kind have a
periodical character, for the reason that a slight cause re-excites the
disease, and a slighter, in proportion to the number of attacks. My
inquiries into this subjept have satisfied me that, when there is a predis-
position, the exciting cause is as manifest and apparent as in most other
cases, but very often that cause is less severe and prominent. The
production of insanity is not always the sudden and apparent effect of
one cause, but the result of cause or causes long operating to derange
the functions of the brain and nervous system, and finally insanity ap-
pears without any tangible or visible cause at the time, and in many
cases it is attributed to some circumstance too trivial to produce it,
because no other is known. Intemperance, ill health, masturbation,
and often the moral causes of insanity, operate slowly, break down the
energies of the physical organs, which are the instrumentsof the mind,
and months, and even years after, the disease appears. With insanity,
as with many other diseases, a recent or acute attack has a chronic
cause, if the expression is allowable, and such a case is less likely to
recover than one of a character in all respects more recent.
There have been under our care, two hundred and thirty-Jive cases
recorded as "periodical," which is nineteen undone half ^^er cent, of
all cases that have been in the Hospital.
By periodical case, is here understood, one that has had more than
one recurrence of insanity, whether the interval be long or short, that
is, one year or more than one year. We distinguish those cases in
which the occurrence of the paroxysms is more frequent, as monthly,
or once in tico or three months, as paroxysmal, believing that there is
rarely, in so short a period, a complete lucid interval, although to the
common observer it may be apparently so.
Strictly speaking, a periodical case is one that occurs at regular pe-
riods of one, two, or more years, and cases occurring at periods very
irregular should not be so denominated. This method of recording
would materially lessen the number of periodical cases, for probably
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 71
less than one half the number have this regularity. Our recommittals
. are principally periodical cases and not relapses; many of them occur,
after awhile, at nearly regular intervals and become habitual ; a very
slight cause, in such a case, will be sufficient to reproduce the disease,
and it doubtless may occur merely from habit.
There is at present in the Hospital, a young female who has had
four attacks of insanity in about eight years; another middle-aged wo-
man, has had three attacks in less than four years ; the former has a
paroxysm of about four weeks, and then becomes as rational as ever ;
the other is a violent maniac one month, is convalescing a second, then
is quite well in all respects, till another attack. One of these patients
is deeply interested in every benevolent movement, gets easily and fre-
quently excited, is very zealous in promoting whatever cause she es-
pouses, and exceedingly censorious of all counter movements ; in this
way, keeping her mind and feelings in a condition to be acted upon by
any occasional cause of insanity.
The other is very zealous in the cause of religion, is in constant
anxiety for her children, that they should walk in the true and only
way of salvation ; tivice she has become excited by an unusual atten-
tion to the subject of religion in her neighborhood, and once by the
sickness of a child, for whose recovery and especially for whose relig-
ious well-being she was particularly anxious; added to this was watch-
ing, anxiety, irregularity of life, which, combined, made a strong im-
pression upon her nervous system, and produced the present severe
attack of insanity from which she is very favorably convalescing.
Persons subject to hereditary insanity, and especially those who are
liable to periodical returns of it, should be extremely careful to aVoid
every unnecessary excitement of the feelings, and all undue exertion
of the intellect: they should also be prudent of bodily health and avoid
every occasional cause of disease. By persevering in this course, they
may generally avoid insanity in the first instance, and the repetition of
it afterwards.
Those first principles of physical education which teach us how to
avoid disease, are all-important to all liable to insanity from hereditary
predisposition. The physical health must be attended to, and the
training of the faculties of the mind be such as to counteract the ac-
tive propensities of our nature, correct the disposition of the mind to
wrong currents and too g'-eat activity, by bringing into action the an-
tagonizing powers, and thus giving a sound body and a well-balanced
mind. Neglect of this early training entails evils upon the young
which are felt in all after life.
72 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
The most frequent causes of predisposition to insanity are unre^^
strained indulgence of temper, unbridled appetites and desires, perni-
cious mechanical restraints upon the free movement of organs essential
to life, improprieties of dress, excessive effeminacy, or ill-directed ed-
ucation, by which the individual is not prepared to meet the vicissi-
tudes and trials which must be encountered in the journey of life — and
particularly from that intensity of the mind and feelings, which is too
often encouraged, but which over-taxes the young brain and excites it
to morbid irritation or actual disease. If this is not counteracted, it
will most assuredly result in that perversion of the faculties which is
exhibited in mental alienation or in organic lesion which will sooner
or later prove fatal.
Let this subject receive the attention it should do, and insanity will
lose half its victims, and hereditary predisposition be divested of most
of its terrors.
Having gone fully into the explanation of the tables, and commented
freely on many topics more or less intimately connected with them, I
proceed briefly to notice some subjects of interest before closing the
report ; and first,
LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT.
The labor performed during the year, in all departments of industry,
at the Hospital, whether we consider its utility to the individuals em-
ployed or its pecuniary advantages, has never been more successful.
No class of our patients are so contented and happy as the laborers,
no other convalescent recovers so rapidly or so favorably. On the
farm, in the garden, at works of ornament and improvements, we have
a sufficient number of individuals ready, at all times, to lend a helping
hand; so also in every department of domestic labor and in the work-
shops, those of our patients who are versed in these employments, obey
the summons to labor with cheerfulness and alacrity.
Jn the winter season we find it difficult to give employment to as
many as would be benefited by it. The wood-yard, the shoe-shop and
carpenter's shop, and the various domestic occupations, furnish but a
moiety of employment for the numerous operatives in the establish-
ment. In the spring and summer, the garden and the farm open a
broader field.
The last season has been very favorable for horticultural and agri-
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
73
cultural products, and the quantity of valuable articles raised on our
grounds, is given in a list below, furnished by the steward.
30 tons of hay, valued at
100 bushels of corn, at 75 cents,
120 " of onions, at 50 cents,
350 " of potatoes at 25 cents,
410 " of carrots, at 2s.
420 " of beets, at 2s.
210 " of turnips, at 25 cents,
130 " of parsnips, at 50 cents,
100 " of ruta baga, at 25 cents,
1000 " of cabbages, at 5 cents,
7 loads of pumpkins, at $1 50
4 " of winter squashes, .
50 bushels of cucumbers, .
Green peas, . . . .
Garden beans,
Pasturing one pair of oxen and nine cows 26 Weeks, at 3s.
5,881 lbs. of pork fatted, at 6^ cents, .
Small pigs sold, . . . . . . * ,
3 cows fatted and sold, ......
1300 GO
75 00
60 00
87 50
136 66
140 00
52 50
65 00
25 00
50 00
10 50
30 00
50 00
40 00
40 00
L,162 16
143 00
382 27
83 46
117 00
Amount, 1 1,887 89
Besides the labor on the farm and in the garden, of which the in-
mates of the Hospital have done a large proportion, many important
improvements have been made upon the grounds and in the fields ; the
meadows have been extensively drained and made better, the pastures
have been cleared of stones and bushes and made more beautiful and
productive, extensive walls have been made, especially a bank wall
substantial and handsome, oi forty or fifty rods in length in front of
a grove which has been much improved, laid out into walks and paths,
and rendered smooth, and cleared from stone. Whatever has been
done in this way, is designed to be permanently and thoroughly done,
having in view both utility and beauty.
In these various ways, we are enabled to employ a great amount of
labor, to interest our patients in improvements and productions which
they, as well as others, see to be valuable and useful to all. We have
10
74 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
placed upon our premises one hundred thrifty apple trees of the choicest
varieties of engrafted fruit, many of which begin to bear. We have
also a great number of English cherry trees, pear trees and peach trees,
all of which are growing rapidly, and many of them already furnish
specimens of choice varieties of fruits. Whoever comes after us, will
discover that, in these particulars, we have labored in prospective, and
that our object has been to give permanency to the means of enjoy-
ment, as well as to partake of them ourselves.
Much yet remains to be done to ornament and improve the Hospital
grounds, but no small advance has been made in the eight years of our
residence here. The effect of our labors will be more and more appa-
rent, as years roll away and leave the bearing fruit tree, the elm,
the maple, the pine and larch that have been planted by our hands,
spreading their shades and extending their branches, the monuments of
our industry and care.
In the shoe-shop, we have had more or less workmen constantly em-
ployed, and, in the course of the year, ^cw shoe-makers, who were more
or less acquainted with the business, have contributed their aid. In no
department of labor has more good been effected to the laborers them-
selves, in proportion to the number employed, than in this. Though
it is no great profit to the establishment, it is a great convenience, as
we require much mending to be done, which is both troublesome and
expensive when done abroad.
The following exhibits made by the steward, from items procured
from the books of the overseer of this department, will show the result.
Amount of shoes sold, and work done for patients, . . $437 19
Shoes sold for stock, ......
" sold to family and help, . . . - .
" 'sold, and work for other persons,
" made and on hand, . . . ...
$937 52
176 27
264
06
30
00
30
00
EXPENSES.
Amount of stock used,
479 97
Board and wages of overseer,
325 00
Fuel and lights.
12 00
Binding, ....
. 30 00
Profit,
f 846 97-
846 97
'
$90 55
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 75
It is difficult to find mechanical employments, that can be pursued
without loss, in such an institution ; the shoe-making is an exception,
and has always supported itself and afforded a small profit. There are
always carpenters and cabinet-makers in the Hospilal, and when we
have mechanical labor of that sort to be done, they unite in it, and are
auxiliaries on whom we rely for considerable aid.
It is different in all domestic labor, for in every department we can,
at a moment's warning, call together whatever help is needed, and in
the kitchen, laundry and wash-room, are every day found many indi-'
viduals usefully and pleasantly employed, from whose labor important
benefit is mutually derived. Of the benefit of labor it is difficult to
speak definitely ; it is customary for patients who have been brought up
to labor, as soon as the first excitement is over, to request employment ;
it is granted and considered by them as a great favor : — they work well
for weeks or months, till they are nearly or quite recovered, they sleep
well after the fatigue of the day, always have a good appetite, and are
cheerful and happy ; the same excitement which, by others, is expended
in mischief and noise, they expend in useful and agreeable employ-
ments, and they leave the Hospital better satisfied with its government,
and with themselves, than those who have been unaccustomed to man-
ual labor, or who declined to engage in it.
The following case, from among many, will show the benefit of la-
bor. A farmer aged about thirty, was brought to the Hospital in Au-
gust last, so violent as to be attended by Jive stout men ; he had been
reduced by disease and remedies, but was considered violent and dan-
gerous. A {ew days after his admission, he requested to go out and
aid the farmer in his work ; he was permitted to do so ; after he com-
menced labor, he improved in a very favorable manner, slept well, had
a good appetite, and gained flesh and strength; at the end of a month,
he was well, and before the expiration of two months, he returned to
his home quite recovered. In such a case, it is difficult to conceive
the effect of confinement ; irritation, anger and violence, requiring re-
straint, might have followed, which would almost necessarily have
made a protracted case, and probably an imperfect cure.
Many of the old residents pursue, from year to year, a regular course
of employment; they are diligent and faithful, have liberty to go where
they please about the premises, and accomplish a great amount of val-
uable service.
76 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
AMUSEMENTS.
The patients who do not labor, have many regular active amuse-
ments to furnish them with exercise necessary to health.
The females ride daily in a carriage kept exclusively for the purpose,
take long vv^alks vi^hen the vi'eather is pleasant, swing, throw the ring,
play at battle-door, graces^ &/C. They have their parties every week, or
every other week, in the matron's room, or, under her direction, in the
halls or porticoes; these are pleasant seasons, at which, after finishing
their work, they have fruits and other refreshments. The dancing par-
ties are held in the female halls, which a large proportion of the quiet
patients attend, and enjoy the music and the exercise with great de-
light.
Many read, and, particularly in winter evenings, play at chess, cards,
dice, drafts or chequers, backgammon, fcc. All work, more or less,
with the needle, knit, embroider, or any thing that they choose, which
would be proper in any female circle. Many of the quiet and conval-
escent patients walk abroad unattended, mingle with the family, and
join in conversation and social enjoyments.
The amusements of the male patients are, in many respects, similar
to those of the other sex. They ride less and walk more, they have
more active diversions, as athletic games, nine-pins, &c., and long
rambles unattended, on a pledge of punctual return. They read much,
unite in all the games which have been enumerated, sing, play on in-
struments of music, &c. Many of the laboring patients have their
pastimes and holidays, and live, from year to year, without a wish for
home or change.
Next to manual labor, reading, writing and amusements, are import-
ant for the insane ; they divert the mind into new and pleasant chan-
nels of activity, make them forget their troubles and delusions for the
time, and give vigor and energy to the physical system. Occupations
of one sort or another should be as constant as possible, and such as
are congenial to the feelings are always to be preferred.
HEALTH.
Diet. The means of promoting and securing the health of pa-
tients in the Hospital are good, and, in general, we are a healthy com-
munity. The diet which we use is substantial, but plain and simple.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 77
We do not weigh or measure our food, but ordinarily allow all to take
as much as they desire.
The food is never the same two days in succession. The breakfast
consists of coffee, bread and butter, and often a hash of meat, or a
cold cut with warm potatoes ; or milk if it is preferred.
The dinner consists of animal food, with bread and a profusion of
garden vegetables. ^
The supper is of tea or cocoa, with bread and butter, cheese, often
plain cake or mush and molasses, or bread and milk.
On Monday, the dinner is a boiled dish of corned beef or mutton
and boiled pork, with bread and vegetables in plenty and variety.
On Tuesday, the dinner is roast meat, with vegetables; bread and
butter is always on the table at each meal in the better galleries.
On Wednesday, we have peas or beans, with meat and vegetables.
Fresh fish is often substituted for these articles; this is particularly the
case in the summer season, when bowel complaints are prevalent.
On Thursday, we have soup, with vegetables and meat.
On Friday, the boiled dish again, the same as on Monday.
On Saturday, salt fish, vegetables and boiled rice.
On Sunday, no meat is given.
Three days in the week, puddings are given with the dinner. When
a patient prefers it, milk is used, and many take it more or less through
the season ; during the summer months, some part of our household
have milk for dinner or supper every day.
Water is the only drink with dinner. The native fruits are always
given freely when plenty. Every patient has a supply of apples daily,
in the fall and winter seasons.
We have little or no complaint of the quality or quanti<y of food.
The bread is made of the best flour in the market, of which there is
used about Jive barrels a week. The common New England brown-
bread is also used by those who prefer it.
For the sick, and such persons as require a variation from the stand-
ard diet of the Hospital, a diet is prescribed daily, or as often as is
necessary in each case.
Warmth and Ventilation. The excellent arrangements for
warmth and ventilation in the Hospital contribute no less to the health
than the comfort pf its inhabitants. In every attempt at warming an
institution, or any large public building, both these objects must be
considered. Purity of air is no Ics essential than warmth of tempera-
ture. Warmth can be diffused much more readily and effectually in a
78 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
building in which suitable arrangements for ventilation are made.
The currents in and out of the apartments should be free. Warmth
by furnaces is not communicated by radiated heat, as from a fire-place
or stove, but by a supply of air being introduced, raised to a warm
temperature, to take the place of air that escapes by the ventilating
passages ; without these passages the air already in the apartments will
not escape, and consequently a new supply of warm air cannot be in-
troduced to any desirable extent.
The desideratum on this subject is, to admit free currents of air,
warmed to a suitable but not high temperature, and always to have
ventilating passages, so as to allow free currents of air to escape.
Witliout this latter provision satisfactory results will not be had from
hot air-furnaces; with this arrangement in due proportion, the apart-
ments will be easily warmed, readily ventilated, and made pure and
wholesome. Another consideration must not be overlooked. The air
admitted must be taken from out of doors; no suitable supply can be
obtained elsewhere, and the ventilating openings should go up in the
centre wall of the building and terminate in the attic, and not open
out of the building. Stoves, steam and hot water are all objectionable
as modes of warming public buildings, in which a large number of in-
dividuals congregate, and much more reside; they do not aid ventila-
tion, and ventilation cannot be thorough and perfect by any other
mode whatever than by hot air-furnaces, which continually force in
liberal currents of warm, pure air.
It is surprising how little this subject is understood, and how badly
the principle, simple as it is, is usually applied. In this Hospital one
experiment upon another has developed the true method, and our ap-
paratus for this purpose is as perfect as we can expect or desire.
The furnace which is most approved is manufactured by our in-
genious townsman, Wm. A. Wheeler, Esq., from a model of his own
invention, which, with comparatively little fuel, heats a great current
of air, sufficient, in ordinary weather, to warm a building one hundred
feet long by thirty-Jive wide, and three stories high. One of these fur-
naces is placed in each of the four wings of the Hospital. The fuel
which they all consume, during the season when fires are necessary,
varies little from one cord of wood a day. Two or three small fur-
naces, in addition, are used a few days in the year, when the weather
is extremely cold.
The temperature of the Hospital is agreeable and uniform, not vary-
ing as much in all the cold season as it does in the month of July.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 79
Fires are kept burning in the night when the thermometer is down to
ten or twelve, and the degree of warmth is regulated at all times by the
thermometer. Health generally prevails in winter and there is no
suffering at any time from cold.
Baths. The importance of the warm and cold bath is properly
appreciated in all institutions for the insane. In this Hospital we have
conveniences for both, well adapted and simple. In each of the galle-
ries of the centre wings is an arrangement for warm bathing; there are
also in the establishment six shower-baths, besides which there is a
bathing room for common resort. Baths are frequently used for clean-
liness, and are often prescribed as a remedy for disease. It is a com-
mon error to disregard the most obvious means of health by neglecting
the state of the skin. This is the more singular as the means of pro-
moting it are so pleasant and so easily found.
For the insane, baths are peculiarly desirable, as the secretions of
the skin are often offensive and unhealthy ; in many cases they make
impressions on the nervous system which are extremely favorable.
As remedial agents we have not found baths to supersede the necessity
of other remedies, but have often found them useful auxiliaries.
DISCIPLINE.
"^ ^ri'i''^'*-^-^"^ 'M'4^'-^--
Restraints. The British institutions are at present making an
effort to surpass each other in the success of managing the insane
without restraints. Some of them have abolished them almost entirely,
while others have noted the hours, in the course of the year, that they
have applied them. The restraints here considered are the strait
waistcoat, muffs, mittens, and confining Q^iasB»^, solitary rooms are not
included.
In this Hospital strait waistcoats and muffs are never used, and con-
fining G^aaais but rarely. Mittens and wristbands are all the restraints
which are here applied, and those only when absolutely necessary to
the comfort of the individual, or the safety of the patients who occupy
the same apartment. These restraints are made use of for' two pur-
poses for the individuals themselves, viz. to keep clothes upon them
when they are disposed to take them off, and as a safeguard in case of
suicidal propensity. For the more violent, such as strike, tear clothes
and bedding, break furniture, &c. they are sometimes applied for a
short period, but never continued for a great length of time.
While restraints should be applied as rarely as possible, and never
80 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
for the benefit of the attendant, but only for the good of the patient or
the safety of those with whom he associates, yet I cannot but consider
them as important auxiliaries in the treatment of the insane. It is un-
doubtedly true, that, with corporeal restraints judiciously applied, pa-
tients will sooner be made tranquil than by the presence of one or more
attendants, who they know will watch all their movements and interfere
with their mischievous designs. Their presence will often be a source
of irritation which will serve to keep up the excitement, and, in most
cases, restraints that are not painful are far less disagreeable to both
the furious and suicidal patients, than that unceasing surveillance
which is necessary as a substitute.
Whenever a patient is under restraint, we frequently propose a re-
lease, on condition of a pledge to avoid the irregular conduct for which
it was imposed ; these pledges we require to be given in a solemn
manner, stating to the patient the condition he will be in, if, by a for-
feiture of his word, it should be necessary to re-apply them ; both his
self-respect and desire of liberty are here called in requisition, to pre-
vent him from further violation of decorum, and afterwards, in many
cases, restraints cease to be necessary.
Pledges. We think much of pledges with the insane, and often
avoid restraints, by taking the word of a violent patient to be quiet and
peaceable. Even the suicidal, who have been detected in making pre-
paration for self-destruction, or in secreting instruments for future use,
will generally, and, with me, have never failed to adhere strictly to a
pledge given in good faith, with feelings of solemnity.
With most patients, ever so violent, there are times when they will
make promises, which will have no inconsiderable influence. Those
who are desirous to labor, are easily induced to give a pledge to be
orderly and industrious, and make no eflTort to escape.
A more quiet and regular class of patients, of which we always have
more or less, are -permitted to go abroad unattended, on a pledge to
return with punctuality, and few indeed ever forfeit it.
Advancement to a better gallery, permission to ride or walk, admis-
sion to the matron's parties, liberty to attend chapel on the Sabbath,
are obtained on a pledge given or implied and well understood, that
every propriety suitable to be observed in the place, is absolutely bind-
ing on them. It is sufficient in most cases, for patients to know, that
privation of privileges will follow violation of a pledge, to induce them
strictly and punctually to adhere to whatever is expected of them.
Having adopted this course with respect to pledges, and the inculca-
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 81
tion of self-respect and self-control, we have very little need of personal
restraints; and while this sheet is being written, but one individual in
the Hospital has any restraint upon his person, and this only to prevent
his destroying his clothes and bed; he is quiet and entirely harmless.
Courts or Yards. By relying upon the pledges of our patients
and inculcating self-respect, we have been able to dispense with the use
of courts. They have a prison-like appearance, and while in them, our
patients were constantly rolling in the dirt, or sleeping upon the ground,
thus soiling their clothes and becoming sun-burnt. We find that one
attendant can take charge of the same number of patients while walk-
ing or at labor, as he could formerly in the courts, and they are more
pleasantly and usefully employed. Escapes were more common while
these were used, for, the wall being considered a protection, less vigi-
lance was used by the attendants. We now di.'^pense with them en-
tirely^ and find that not only the personal appearance of our patients is
improved, but they are also more quiet and have more self-respect.
MEDICATION.
In some European institutions, reliance is placed only upon moral
means and corporeal restraints, in I he treatment of insanity. It is very
obvious, however, to all who have witnessed the efficacy of medicine
in removing maniacal excitement, that, in many cases, much suffering
is permitted by such a course, which would soon be removed by the
judicious administration of suitable remedies.
Many cases of insanity arise from disease of other parts of the sys-
tem, which sympathize strongly with the brain ; neither moral influ-
■ence nor restraints, can reach the cause in such a case. In all cases
in which the health is not good, remedies should be prescribed to im-
prove it, and with the restoration of health thus effected, the mind gen-
erally becomes calm, and finally, rational.
In almost every case of melancholy, whether arising from moral or
physical causes, the health is not good, the digestive apparatus is dis-
ordered, the secretions are bad, and the functions of organs important
to health, are suspended or performed in an imperfect or unnatural
manner; these are all proper subjects for medical treatment, and the
neglect of it may leave the case to become chronic and incurable,
while, with a different course, it would recover.
But there is a condition of the brain itself in insanity, which requires
11
82 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
the application of remedies, and which is as certainly relieved by them
as any other severe disease by its appropriate means of cure.
Many of the insane do not sleep. Disease of the brain, in such cases,
is a substitute for sleep. The use of sleep is to renovate the powers of
life ; but disease, vi'ith the maniac, keeps up the production of this prin-
ciple, and perpetual activity is necessary for its expenditure. The maniac,
like the child, must be active, because, in one way or another, he must
expend the too abundant supply of the principle of activity produced by
his diseased brain; he must work, or he must do mischief; he may
bear cold and fatigue, and make efforts, bodily and mental, of which
he was entirely incapable in health, because his muscles and his mind
feci the influence of this accumulation of sensoreal power, and their
activity does not expend it faster than it is produced. It is in this con-
dition of the brain, that remedies operate like a charm ; they remove
the irritation upon which the excitement depends, compose the agitated
state of the nervous system, and bring about quiet and repose. In this
way, a healthy condition of the brain is produced, and the disease is
cured. As soon as such a patient is brought, by the use of remedies,
within the range of moral influence, these should be exerted to prevent
the violence and mischief, to which the excited state of the brain con-
stantly impels him.
LIBRARY AND PERIODICALS.
Reading and writing are among the most interesting employments
in the Hospital.
, The library, which has been considerably enlarged the past year,
contains many valuable books, which are sought with much interest by
all who are fond of reading. The tastes are as different in the Hospi-
tal, as abroad. The bible, however, is desired by all ; few read any
thincr who do not read the bible more or less; no evil arises from it in
any case that we can discover, but much would arise from withholding
it. It is a means of self-control to many who have believed in its pre-
cepts, and who feel that they must not depart from its instructions.
Newspapers are freely circulated in the Hospital. Many read the
religious papers, of which we have a good selection, with great inter-
est and satisfaction ; they are sought for, and carried from gallery to
gallery, and from patient to patient, till they are worn out.
Another class of patients seek for the political papers, another for
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 83
the news and miscellaneous reading ; all papers are extensively read,
and we have many every day in the Hospital.
We acknowledge with gratitude, contributions of money, books and
periodicals for our library, from the following gentlemen. From Isaac
P. Davis, Esq., of Boston, ten volumes of valuable miscellaneous books ;
from Hon. Bezaleel Taft, of Uxbridge, contributions of money and
means of procuring valuable works ; from Dr. McDonald, of New York,
a bundle of Foreign Reports, and an interesting account, from his own
pen, of the Blooiningdale Asylum; from the Hon. Samuel Hoar, of
Concord, a handsome sum of money for this object; from the Ilev. T.
F. Norris, of Boston, valuable contributions of books and papers;
from the venerable Noah Webster, LL. D , of New Haven, an ingeni-
ous pamphlet on the English language; from Julius W. Adams, of
Westfield,^^ifee?i vols, of valuable miscellaneous books; from Henry
Hill, Esq., of Boston, the History of Missions, f/trce volumes of the
Missionary Herald, and various pamphlets and newspapers ; from Dr.
Pliny Earle, of the Friend's Asylum, Frankford, Penn., a bundle of
reports of foreign institutions and copies of reports of the Asylum, with
which he connected.
The following journals and periodicals have come to hand more or less
regularly from the editors or unknown friends. The Springfield Repub-
lican, from Mr. Bolles, its editor and publisher; the Boston Recorder
and Youth's Companion : the Gospel Messenger, Utica, N. Y. ; the
Utica Observer ; the New York Baptist Register, Utica; the Oneida
Whig ; the Utica Democrat, and many favors of the same kind from
our friend Dr. Batchelder, who has kindly forwarded the Journal of
Commerce, and the New York Evangelist, and who has otherwise ta-
ken a deep interest in the welfare of this institution. We receive reg-
ularly, the Greenfield Mercury and Gazette; the Taunton Whig; the
Phrenological Journal ; the Sabbath School Visitor ; the New Hamp-
shire Sentinel, Keene; the Temperance Union, N. Y. ; the Haverhill
Republican ; the New Hampshire Patriot ; the Botanical Medical Re-
^/^rder, from A. Curtiss, M. D., editor; the Olive Branch, Boston ; the
Hampshire Gazette, Northampton ; the Boston Temperance Journal;
the Albany Evening Journal ; the Old Colony Memorial ; the Barn-
stable Patriot; many numbers of the New York Observer, from David
Hitchcock, Esq., Sturbridge, Ms,; and many other occasional contri-
butions.
If the individuals who have favored us with this amount of interest-
ing and valuable reading could justly appreciate the pleasure they have
84 STATK LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
given our numerous family, I am quite sure they would feel themselves
fully rewarded for the trouble these contributions have occasioned
them. We are happy to acknowledge our obligations for all favors
received in this way.
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
The vole of the trustees to procure a fire engine has been carried
into effect in a very satisfactory manner, and an engine has been pro-
cured at a reasonable price, which has sufficient power to throw water
on any part of the Hospital building.
After the engine was procured, no time was lost in organizing the
men employed in the estalilishmcnt, with sucli quiet and active patients
as were disposed to unite under the direction of the steward and as-
sistant physician, into a fire company. This company assemble on
Monday of each week, at the ringing of a fire bell, and exercise the
engine by throwing water upon the building, washing the windows,
and, in various ways, giving exercise to all who may be disposed to
unite in the sport
This organization was formed that we might be in readiness, in case
of fire about the premises, to act with concert and efficiency in its ex-
tinguishment.
Buckets have also been procured to hang by the water-tanks in the
attic story, and in the hall of the centre building, that they may be in
readiness, if needed.
Every man in the Hospital knows where he is to be found should an
alarm of fire be given, and every precaution is used to prevent fires by
attending to stoves, pipes and open fires in the building, and by strict
injunction that no lamps or candles shall be carried about the building
at any time except in lanterns.
The reservoir of water, which is always nearly or quite full, has been
a great source of relief in contemplating the subject of fires and the diffi-
culties that previously existed of procuring water in case of necessity.
This reservoir contains nearly twenty thousand gallons, and was not
frozen over last winter.
The subject of fire has always occasioned us great anxiety. The
present arrangements, with the employment of a watchman, afford
much relief We hope to escape a calamity great, in any case, but
most dreadful in a hospital for the insane.
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 85
CHAPEL AND RELIGIOUS SERVICES.
The Rev. Julius A. Reed officiated as chaplain of the Hospital for
one year ending the first of October. His services vi^ere well appreci-
ated, and he left us with the good wishes of all our family. He is a
plain, practical preacher, sincere and honest in his efforts to do good,
and succeeded well in winning the affections and securing the confi-
dence of his hearers. His services were always judicious and solemn,
well attended to, and influential on the conduct of his audience. No
disturbance ever took place in the chapel during his ministrations, and
universal regret was felt in our household at his departure.
After Tilr. Reed dec ded to leave his charge, immediate application
was made to the Rev. George Allen to supply the vacancy. He re-
ceived the appointment of chaplain and commenced the duties of his
office on the first of October. From our knowledge of Mr. Allen we
were led to suppose that his good sense, experience and practical wis-
dom would qualify him for the station. In this we have not been dis-
appointed. We consider ourselves fortunate in having obtained a
chaplain of such talents and varied attainments, and have strong con-
fidence that, under his auspices, increasing good will result from our
chapel services.
We have now had regular religious worship on the sabbath for more
than three years. In the course of that time nearly six hundred pa-
tients have attended meetings more or less, and less than ninety have
been in the Hospital who have failed to attend.
Our expectations of benefit from the chapel have been more than
realized. From one hundred and tioenty to one hundred and fifty pa-
tients assemble on each sabbath, and no congregation is more orderly
and attentive. There is a solemnity visible in the countenances of
those present which clearly indicates that tliey know for what purpose
they have come together ; and even those who are at first disposed to
be restless and disorderly catch the influence which is every where
prevalent around them, and become calm and sober themselves.
The instances of self-control manifested in the chapel, by those who
are often greatly excited, restless and noisy in the halls, are truly re-
markable.
The sabbath previous to the day on which this sheet was written, a
woman, who had been greatly excited, very profane and noisy, request-
ed to attend chapel. A 1 eflTorts at self-control while in the halls were
unavailing, except for w I'VA' mci'/enls at a time ; she would promise to
86 STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
be quiet, but, in a moment, be as noisy and talkative as before. Know-
ing, however, her reverence for the sabbath, ii>: the strength and sin-
cerity of her resolutions to be quiet, she was permitted to attend. The
most careful observer would not have been able to detect any thing in
her appearance and conduct that would distinguish wci from the most
dignified and rational person in the house.
During the evening previous to the same sabbath, a patient, furiously
mad, was brought to the Hospital in the care of a sheriff. He had
been considered quite dangerous, and the sheriff hesitated whether it
would be safe to come with him unless he was confined in irons. He
appeared calm on the following morning, and it was proposed that he
should attend chapel ; he seemed pleased with the privilege, attended
the service all day, and conducted with the utmost propriety. The.se
occurrences, which were of yesterday, are happening almost every sab-
bath, and show most clearly the propriety and importance of religious
worship to the insane.
The truth is, that many insane persons are rational on religious sub-
jects, and a few are insane on these subjects only. Both classes are
often benefited by religious instruction.
It is through the healthy avenues of the mind that religious truth is
received and makes its impression upon the feelings. On most sub-
jects the insane can reason and feel the force of reasoning as well as
others, and, even if insane on religious subjects, plain and forcible il-
lustrations of truth may weaken their confidence in insane impressions
and throw light where darkness only has been prevalent.
The habits of New England people require order and decorum in
the place and time of religious worship. The insane feel the force of
this habit equally strong ; they frown upon those who work or trifle
upon the sabbath, and are particularly indignant to those who are dis-
posed to disturb the quiet of our religious assemblies. There is a
feeling of pride extending over our whole household in the quiet and
orderly observance of the sabbath in the Hospital. The good counsels
of the chaplain are treasured up and often repeated in the week time,
as motives of self-control to themselves and as admonitions toothers.
When patients have recovered and are about to return to their
friends, they often speak of their enjoyment of chapel exercises, express
their regret at leaving those interesting services, and implore the bless-
ing of heaven upon future ministrations.
An excellent woman who recovered from dreadful melancholy at the
Hospital, a year or two since, writes in substance thus, after inquiring
after the general welfare of the family : — " How do you get along in
STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL. 87
your beautiful little chapel 1 I shall ever feel deeply interested in your
religious meetings, as I feel sensible that one of the first rays of light
that entered into my benighted mind was in the solemn worship of that
house,"
CONCLUSION.
I cannot close this report of the Hospital without expressing my
gratitude to all who have aided me in the administration of its affairs.
I have ever found the trustees ready to assist me in my labors and
counsel me in my difficulties. The duty is more arduous upon them,
particularly upon those who are in our immediate vicinity, than the
public are generally aware. Their advice is sought, or they are called
upon for some information concerning the institution, almost daily,
which must be a heavy tax both upon their time and patience.
The services of Dr. Chandler, the assistant physician, are identified
with the institution and indispensable to its prosperity. We have now
been associated nearly eight years in the arduous duties of the place.
We have met and surmounted many difficulties together. On his good
judgment and sound discretion I have ever relied with confidence and
safety.
To Mr. and Mrs. Ellis, the steward and matron of the Hospital, we
are indebted for most valuable services. They have carried into every
duty a zeal and ability worthy of all praise, and are ever ready, with a
cheerful spirit, to anticipate the wants and to contribute to the happi-
ness of all associated with them, or who rely upon them for aid and
counsel.
All persons employed in the Hospital have seemed desirous to pro-
mote its interests as far as practicable.
For whatever of prosperity or success has attended our efflDrts in the
management of the Hospital during the past year, we are greatly in-
debted to the industry, vigilance, faithfulness and devotion of those
who have labored in subordinate stations.
Surrounded by such faithful auxiliaries the duties of superintendent
are rendered pleasant and comparatively easy. If zeal in the cause of
the institution and devotion to its interests will secure future success,
relying on Divine aid for a blessing we pledge to it our best efforts for
its continued prosperity.
SAMUEL B. WOODWARD.
State Lunatic Hospital,
Worcester, Nov. 80th, 1840
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.Snow storm commenced at 8 A.M.; 3 inches of snow
[fell.
High wind. Squally.
Afternoon hazy.
Clouds came from S. W. about 10 P. M.
Rain commenced at 4 o'clock, A. M. with high wind;
[wind changed at 8 A.M. and storm ceased.
Hazy ; rain in the evening commenced about 6 P. M. ;
Dense fog, cleared off in the night. [very rainy night.
Pleasant day.
Halo around the moon.
Storm of rain and hail ; high wind from S. W. in the
High wind. ["ight from 12 to 3 o'clock.
Halo around the moon. Snow squalls in the night.
Mild and pleasant.
Warm day ; srow disappears rapidly.
Thaw. Severe shower Irom 2 to 3 o'clock, A.M.
Thaw.
Warm day.
Wind changed in the night; cleared off cool.
Light snow, A. M.
Rain in the night.
Very pleasant day.
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rost ; high
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STATE LUNATIC HOSPITAL.
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Showery. Peach and Pear in blossom.
Wild Cherry in blossom.
Wild Columbine and Rhodora in blossom.
Cold rain.
Cold rain ; some snow.
High wind ; flying clouds; cold day.
High wind.
Flying clouds.
C^ild storm.
Siorm continues. P. M. flying clouds.
Apple trees in blossom. Flying clouds.
Sun-dog. Cold night.
Ground froze 1^ inches thick. Flowering Almond in
Actea Rncemosa in blossom. [blossom.
Fine showers in the afternoon.
Lilac and Tariarinn Honeysuckle in blossom.
Iris and Tulips in blossom.
High wind. Peony and Geranium Maculatum in bios.
Narcissus in blossom.
Horse Chesnut in blossom.
Foggy. False Syringa in blossom. Rainy afternoon
Some rain. Jessamine in blossom. [and eve.
Caiolina Allspice in blossom.
Foggy morning. Snow-ball in bios. Aurora Borealis.
Fog in the low grounds this morning.
Scotch Rose in blossom.
Monks-hood in blossom.
Showers. Potentilla Tiidentata in bios. Aurora Bor.
Splendid Aurora Bor.; brilliant belt of light from east
Mountain Ash in bios. Tto west across the heavens at
L9 P. M., near the sun's path.
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